Abstract
Summary During a revision of herbarium collections, previously unrecognised specimens of Pilea from Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico were identified. These specimens exhibit characteristics similar to Pilea vulcanica and P. dauciodora — a species complex present in northern Mesoamerica. Through a multivariate analysis incorporating morphological, geographical and bioclimatic data, they were recognised as a distinct new taxon. It is characterised by a fully crenate leaf margin, strongly cordate leaves with overlapping basal lobes and tuberous roots. This discovery highlights the importance of integrative taxonomic approaches in clarifying species boundaries and uncovering hidden diversity within complex assemblages.