Abstract
This paper constructs a diamond model for expanding national strategic marine scientific and technological capabilities, establishes a three-dimensional analytical framework of “policy instruments—policy objectives—policy actors,” and conducts a quantitative analysis of 229 policy documents using Nvivo 12. The results indicate that existing policy instruments are inadequately aligned with major strategic needs, production factors, and policy objectives; there is an imbalance in the application of instruments and the distribution of actors; and the system exhibits significant institutional endogeneity. The root causes lie in the allocation of powers and responsibilities between the central and local governments and fragmented inter-departmental governance. Based on these findings, the following optimization directions are proposed: enhance the alignment between policy instruments and objectives, and strengthen demand-side incentives to boost supply; use objectives to guide improvements in the quality of factor supply, focusing on talent development and breakthroughs in core technologies; improve the coordination system among laws, regulations, and policies; and restructure the mechanisms for central-local authority allocation and inter-departmental coordination to address the problem of entrenched preferences in instrument selection at the institutional level.