Abstract
Background Wnt proteins are crucial for embryonic development, stem cell growth, and tissue regeneration. Wnt signaling pathway is activated when Wnt proteins bind to cell membrane receptors. Methods and results We employed a luciferase reporter assay in HEK293STF cells to measure Wnt protein-induced signaling. We observed that Wnt3a uniquely promotes the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through positive cooperativity. Additionally, MFH-ND, a molecular mimic of Wnt ligands, markedly increased Wnt3a-induced signaling in a dose-responsive manner. This suggests that various Wnt ligands can synergistically enhance Wnt pathway activation. Conclusions The study suggests the likelihood of various Wnt ligands coexisting in a single signalosome on the cell membrane, providing new insights into the complexities of Wnt signaling mechanisms.