Abstract
Cantharidin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is known to increase the force of contraction and shorten the time to relaxation in human ventricular preparations. We hypothesized that cantharidin has similar positive inotropic effects in human right atrial appendage (RAA) preparations. RAA were obtained during bypass surgery performed on human patients. These trabeculae were mounted in organ baths and electrically stimulated at 1 Hz. For comparison, we studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial (LA) preparations and isolated spontaneously beating right atrial (RA) preparations from wild-type mice. Cumulatively applied (starting at 10 to 30 µM), cantharidin exerted a positive concentration-dependent inotropic effect that plateaued at 300 µM in the RAA, LA, and RA preparations. This positive inotropic effect was accompanied by a shortening of the time to relaxation in human atrial preparations (HAPs). Notably, cantharidin did not alter the beating rate in the RA preparations. Furthermore, cantharidin (100 µM) increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin I in RAA preparations, which may account for the faster relaxation observed. The generated data indicate that PP1 and/or PP2A play a functional role in human atrial contractility.