Abstract
Quantifying individual health status from increasingly accumulated omics data is essential for both early prevention and intervention of diseases, which attracts great attention from communities of biology and medicine. Most of the existing approaches mainly classify individuals into different catalogues or classes based on phenotypes and biomarkers. However, an individual's health status from a dynamical systems viewpoint can be viewed as a non-equilibrium steady state, which can generally be characterized by two key features, i.e. (1) homeostatic potential that represents the ability of homeostatic resilience to withstand perturbations or maintain functions at the current state/phenotype of this individual and (2) phenotypic potential that represents the state/phenotype of the individual on the whole process from health to disease. Here, we proposed a health state manifold (HSM) method derived from dynamic network biomarker method and diffusion map theory to quantify individual health status with the characterization of such two features in a robust and accurate manner based on multi-omics data. To verify our method, HSM method was applied to the quantification of diabetes mellitus (rat subjects) and the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (human subjects) for both disease progression process and recovery process, which demonstrated its effectiveness and potential for personalized medicine and preventive medicine.