Abstract
The robustness of the cathodic protection systems utilized for offshore wind monopile foundations depends on the surface condition of the steel as well as the environmental conditions. This study investigated how preexisting biofouling and corrosion products on vertical uncoated steel surfaces extending from the intertidal zone to the buried zone affected the cathodic protection requirements when impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) was applied under tidal conditions. The comparative results between initially clean and previously fouled and corroded panel sets showed that the fouling and corrosion products increased both the initial and mean current densities. They also altered the composition, slowed the formation, and reduced the protective properties of cathodic chalks during nine weeks of deployment in seawater at Port Canaveral, Florida.