Abstract
To achieve uniform spatial coverage characteristics in optical signals in an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system, and therefore reduce the requirement of the alignment between the receiver and the transmitter, we propose an optimized scheme of optical signal coverage based on a light-emitting diode (LED) array in this paper. For high-efficiency coverage of the optical signals, the pitch angle of the LED light source is first optimized on the basis of the light beam geometry. Then, the layout of the LED array and the horizontal deflection angle of the light source are jointly optimized by an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Taking a 16-LED array as an example, the performances of the spatial coverage characteristics with three different LED array layouts are analyzed in detail under four typical seawater environments. The results show that the LED array with the PSO-optimized layout can achieve better uniformity in the power distribution for the received optical signals, and enhance the robustness of the UWOC system in complex seawater environments.