Abstract
To estimate the changes in the annual mean sea level (MSL) and extreme sea levels (ESLs), the largest collection of tide gauge records from 10 tidal stations along the northern coast of the South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed in this study. Here, all the tide gauge records had been homogenized by a two-step process involving the detection of inhomogeneities, that is, breakpoints caused by non-climatic changes and the application of the adjustment. The study’s conclusions, based on the homogenized tide gauge records, can be summarized as follows: The instrument change and station relocation are the main causes for the identified inhomogeneities. From 1989 to 2018, the sea level along the SCS was at an average rate of 4.0 mm per year, as measured by the homogenized tide gauges. The ESLs from the nine tidal stations rose notably with interannual fluctuations, except for the XSA station. Additionally, the ESLs exhibited substantial decadal variations. The ESLs rose along the northern coast of the SCS and were accelerated at most stations throughout the whole study period, especially after the 1980s. There were significant positive correlations between the ESL and the annual MSL at most tide gauges. The MSL’s changes, especially long-term changes, play an important role in the change in ESLs.