Subtidal Biodiversity of the Punta de Coles Marine Reserve, Moquegua, Peru

Abstract

Marine reserves are key instruments for the conservation of biodiversity; however, benthic biodiversity studies often lack comprehensive data on species distribution and richness. The Punta Coles Natural Reserve (PCNR), located on the southern coast of Peru within the Humboldt Current System, represents a highly productive marine ecosystem, but information on its biodiversity is limited. The present study examines the benthic community of the hard substrate in the area of the PCNR via censuses by semiautonomous diving “Hookah” at depths between 1 and 15 m to provide baseline information to support its ecosystem management. Using NMDS and PERMANOVAs, we confirmed significant differences in species composition among depth strata, underscoring the role of depth as a key factor driving variability and species distribution in shallow zones. The community structure varies both spatially within the reserve and as a function of depth and is determined by the presence and distribution of key habitat-structuring organisms, as well as the configuration of the seabed. Our study highlights the ecological value of the PCNR, improves regional scientific knowledge, provides a useful baseline against which future anthropogenic pressures can be evaluated, and proposes the integration of subtidal kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata), mussel beds (Aulacomya atra) and sea squirt (Pyura chilensis) network aggregations into conservation strategies to contribute to best management practices for PCNR.

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