Preliminary Survey of Horse Mussels (Modiolus modiolus) in the Voluntary Berwickshire Marine Reserve, East Coast Scotland

Abstract

Horse mussels (Modiolus modiolus) create complex beds (aka reefs) that provide a range of vital ecosystem services. Unfortunately, these ecologically significant habitats are highly sensitive to human activity and are very slow to regenerate (if at all). As an example, there are cases in the Irish Sea and Strangford Lough where extensive beds have been severely declined or destroyed by fishing activity. Whilst individuals are widespread, beds are rare and are given a range of international statuses and protections. Marine Scotland indicates that a horse mussel bed is located within the Berwickshire and North Northumberland Coast (BNNC) Special Area of Conservation (SAC), which encompasses the Berwickshire Marine Reserve (BMR), although, no details are available as to its size or location. This study aimed to conducted preliminary surveys to gain a better understanding of horse mussel presence within the BMR. Historical data, public sightings, and scuba diving and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) survey data were collected. This study expanded our knowledge of horse mussels within the BMR with over 200 recorded. Whilst most of the sightings were of individuals, five locations were highlighted as possibly meeting the requirements for a Scottish Priority Marine Feature (PMF). Further research is required to gain a full picture of horse mussel distribution and health within the area.

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