Abstract
Underwater fish image segmentation is the key technology to realizing intelligent fisheries and ecological monitoring. However, the problems of light attenuation, blurred boundaries, and low contrast caused by complex underwater environments seriously restrict the segmentation accuracy. In this paper, RetinalConet, an underwater fish segmentation network based on bionic retina dual-channel and multi-module cooperation, is proposed. Firstly, the bionic retina dual-channel module is embedded in the encoder to simulate the separation and processing mechanism of light and dark signals by biological vision systems and enhance the feature extraction ability of fuzzy target contours and translucent tissues. Secondly, the dynamic prompt module is introduced, and the response of key features is enhanced by inputting adaptive prompt templates to suppress the noise interference of water bodies. Finally, the edge prior guidance mechanism is integrated into the decoder, and low-contrast boundary features are dynamically enhanced by conditional normalization. The experimental results show that RetinalCoNet is superior to other mainstream segmentation models in the key indicators of mDice, reaching 82.3%, and mIou, reaching 89.2%, and it is outstanding in boundary segmentation in many different scenes. This study achieves accurate fish segmentation in complex underwater environments and contributes to underwater ecological monitoring.