Journal Article
Modelling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen; Lasse Johansson; Magda Wilewska-Bien; Lena Granhag; Erik Ytreberg; K. Martin Eriksson; Daniel Yngsell; Ida-Maja Hassellöv; Kerstin Magnusson; Urmas Raudsepp; Ilja Maljutenko; Hulda Winnes; Jana Moldanova
Ocean Science · Vol. 17, Issue 3 · pp. 699-728 · 2021
Abstract
This paper describes the new developments of the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) which enable the modelling of pollutant discharges to water from ships. These include nutrients from black/grey water discharges as well as from food waste. Further, the modelling of contaminants in ballast, black, grey and scrubber water, bilge discharges, and stern tube oil leaks are also described as well as releases of contaminants from antifouling paints. Each of the discharges is regulated by different sections of the IMO MARPOL convention, and emission patterns of different pollution releases vary significantly. The discharge patterns and total amounts for the year 2012 in the Baltic Sea area are reported and open-loop SOx scrubbing effluent was found to be the second-largest pollutant stream by volume. The scrubber discharges have increased significantly in recent years, and their environmental impacts need to be investigated in detail.