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acspype: An Open-Source Python Package for ac-s Data Acquisition and Processing

Ian Black; J. Thor Black; Maria Kavanaugh
Oceanography · 2026

Abstract

In this article we provide pipelines for acquiring and processing Sea-Bird Scientific Spectral Absorption and Attenuation Sensor (ac-s) data through a high-level Python package. The raw streamed and converted instrument output is complex and requires several post-processing steps rooted in optical theory and empirical methods to create base products for algorithms that approximate biogeochemical properties and appeal to a broader oceanographic community. Because datasets from the ac-s are becoming more available in public archives and in real time from large oceanographic infrastructure programs, it is important to establish uncomplicated software packages and interfaces that support the implementation of best practices and the distribution of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data. acspype provides means to perform both instrument-intrinsic and human-in-the-loop corrections with flexibility and clear provenance following well-established manufacturer and research community guidelines. Core functions are provided that allow for the acquisition of real-time data and for post-processing archived datasets. As best practices continue to evolve, acspype would benefit from the addition of time-lag correction functions, methods for assessing instrument drift, and improved uncertainty estimation procedures.

Bibliographic Information

JournalOceanography
PublisherThe Oceanography Society
Publication Date2026-01-01
Publication Year2026
Document TypeJournal Article
Print ISSN1042-8275
eISSN2377-617X
DOI10.5670/oceanog.2026.e102
SubjectOceanography; marine science; synthesis; observing systems; ocean policy

Access Information

NARA Access CoverageOA / free full text
Journal Homepagehttps://tos.org/oceanography/
Publisher PageOpen Publisher Page
This article is openly available from the publisher.