Abstract
The present study explored vacuum drum drying (VDD) as potential drying technique for the solidification of crystalline ritonavir nanosuspensions prepared by wet-ball milling. In detail, the impact of drying protectants (mannitol, lactose, trehalose) added to the ritonavir nanosuspension was assessed in dependence of the drum temperature with respect to processibility via VDD, resulting intermediate powder properties, remaining nanoparticulate redispersibility and crystallinity. A clear impact of the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the drying protectant on the redispersibility/crystallinity of the VDD intermediate was observed. Increased T g of the drying protectant was associated with improved redispersibility/crystallinity at a defined drum temperature. Consequently, the high T g -substance trehalose and lactose showed a better performance than mannitol at higher drum temperatures. However, the processability and related powder properties were not in accordance with this observation. Mannitol containing formulations showed superior processibility to those containing trehalose/lactose. Moreover, the impact of the tableting and encapsulation process on the redispersibility of the VDD intermediate was studied for a selected formulation. Neither process demonstrated a negative impact on redispersibility. In conclusion, vacuum drum drying is a promising drying technique for the solidification of nanosuspensions to result in dried powder still containing ritonavir nanoparticles while demonstrating acceptable to good downstream processibility to tablets/capsules. Graphical Abstract