Abstract
Rewilding deliberately forges new relationships within complex socio-ecological systems. Yet, many rewilding initiatives proceed without fully considering the multitude of relationships at play. In this paper, we advance a framework that reimagines rewilding as a relationship-centered process, emphasizing that success depends on fostering connections from individual to collective levels for humans and non-humans alike. To illustrate this, we focus on species (re)introductions, identifying the various collective and individual relationships that shape rewilding outcomes. We then propose five principles for effectively forging these relationships: (1) reconsider values and perceptions of nature; (2) embrace a collective and individual-oriented approach; (3) place local communities at the heart of rewilding initiatives; (4) cautiously revive lost relationships; and (5) strengthen the connection between science and policy. Our framework demonstrates that identifying and fostering these relationships is not just essential but transformative, paving the way for rewilding practitioners to create ethical, interconnected, and resilient socio-ecological systems.