Journal Article
Brain-inspired energy efficient technologies for next-generation artificial intelligence
Hillel J. Chiel; Jay S. Coggan; Gourav Datta; Jean-Marc Fellous; William R. P. Nourse; Roger D. Quinn; Peter J. Thomas
Biological Cybernetics · Vol. 120, Issue 2 · 2026
Abstract
Since the advent of widely accessible AI tools, AI technology has been in high demand by businesses, academic researchers and individuals. Technology companies are building AI infrastructure at a rapid pace, and these facilities consume vast and growing resources, particularly electricity and water, with significant real and projected climate impacts. There is a need for new research initiatives to support long time horizon efforts to develop energy efficient computing capabilities to support the continued growth of AI infrastructure in a sustainable fashion. Such efficiency is required at both the hardware and software levels. Where can industry turn for examples of ultra-low power, energy efficient computing? We argue here that neurobiological principles offer rich and under-exploited sources of inspiration for energy efficient NeuroAI, and that new partnerships between industry and academia should be developed in this direction.