Abstract
Some theoretical models predict that nestling begging must be a costly activity to transmit reliable information to parents about offspring hunger. One candidate cost is oxidative stress, which could impair growth or immune function. This hypothesis predicts that nestlings in a poor oxidative status should pay higher costs for a given amount of begging, hence beg at lower rates for a similar degree of hunger. To test this prediction, we experimentally induced a transient alteration of the oxidative status of Barn Swallow ( Hirundo rustica ) nestlings by administering them either a single dose of a pro-oxidant substance (BSO) or an antioxidant (vitamin E), and recorded their begging behaviour. Chicks treated with vitamin E increased their begging rates in the hours following treatment. However, and contrary to prediction, BSO nestlings did not decrease begging compared to controls. These inconsistent results are difficult to explain by the hypothesis that begging performance is mediated by the oxidative status of nestlings because chicks with an impaired oxidative status (the BSO group) begged the same as controls. Alternatively, vitamin E may alleviate the inhibitory effects on begging of stress responses mediated by glucocorticoids. This study suggests that oxidative costs of begging are minor or absent in this species. Future studies should consider alternative explanations for an association between oxidative status, antioxidant supplementation and begging behaviour, particularly those involving glucocorticoids.