Journal Article
The Uptake of Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Associated Bioavailability of Adsorbed Oestradiol in Selected Aquatic Invertebrates
Emma Chapman; Aimilia Meichanetzoglou; Andrew N. Boa; Hanne Hetjens; Sonja Faetsch; Johnny Teuchies; Sebastian Höss; Dean Moore; Lieven Bervoets; Paul Kay; Susanne Heise; Paul Walker; Jeanette M. Rotchell
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · Vol. 107, Issue 5 · pp. 876-882 · 2021
Abstract
Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are known to both adsorb and absorb chemicals. The aim of the present work was to determine whether oestradiol (E2) is ‘bioavailable’ to bioindicator species, either pre-adsorbed to, or in the presence of, SpECs. SpEC uptake was confirmed for Daphnia magna and Dreissena bugensis . E2 levels varied among treatments for Caenorhabditis elegans though there was no relationship to SpEC load. E2 was not detected in D. bugensis tissues. Expression changes of general stress and E2-specific genes were measured. For C. elegans , NHR-14 expression suggested that SpECs modulate E2 impacts, but not general health responses. For D. magna , SpECs alone and with E2 changed Vtg1 and general stress responses. For D. bugensis , SpECS were taken up but no E2 or change in gene expression was detected after exposure to E2 and/or SpECs. The present study is the first to investigate SpECs and bound chemical dynamics.