Influences of Dispersal and Environmental Selection on Zooplankton Distributions Across the Upper 1000 m of the North Pacific

Abstract

Aim Test the response of mesopelagic zooplankton community composition and distributional ranges to dispersal potential and environment, in comparison with the epipelagic zooplankton community. Location Epipelagic (0–200 m) and mesopelagic (200–1000 m) depth zones of the North Pacific Ocean. Taxon Multicellular zooplankton. Methods Metabarcoding of two molecular markers (18S and COI) in combination with a global ocean circulation model, analysed by General Dissimilarity Modelling. Results We found no significant difference in beta‐diversity across three depth strata (0–200, 200–500, and 500–1000 m), calculated from the nMDS dispersion of samples within each stratum. Similarity in beta‐diversity within the three depth strata indicates that epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton communities have similar levels of spatial turnover in species composition despite differences in the magnitude of environmental gradients and dispersal potential. There were no differences in the biogeographic ranges of taxa associated with each depth zone, but we observed larger temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen habitat envelopes as well as narrower potential food ranges for deeper‐dwelling taxa. Ocean basin‐scale community dissimilarity was correlated with dispersal distance, as well as with changes in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and food flux. Combined Generalised Dissimilarity Models incorporating both dispersal potential and environmental habitat variables revealed that the environmental variables temperature and food flux had the strongest predictive power to explain community dissimilarity.

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