Abstract
A detailed morphological comparison of Trematochromis schreyeni only known from its holotype, collected at the north‐western end of Lake Tanganyika, and ‘ Ctenochromis ’ benthicola described from the same region, and some additional material led to the conclusion that the two species were conspecifics. Consequently, T. schreyeni is considered to be a junior synonym of ‘ C .’ benthicola , an endemic species to the lake. A redescription of ‘ C .’ benthicola is also given. A statistical test comparing a single specimen and several specimens is difficult to carry out, because no variation is known in T. schreyeni . The present study, therefore, calculated Mahalanobis’ distance between the holotype of T. schreyeni and specimens of ‘ C .’ benthicola , and applied the χ 2 test.