Journal Article
Solar photo-oxidation of recalcitrant industrial wastewater: a review
Ahmed Tawfik; Mohamed Gar Alalm; Hanem M. Awad; Muhammad Islam; Muhammad Abdul Qyyum; Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb; Ahmed I. Osman; Moonyong Lee
Environmental Chemistry Letters · Vol. 20, Issue 3 · pp. 1839-1862 · 2022
Abstract
Conventional methods to clean wastewater actually lead to incomplete treatments, calling for advanced technologies to degrade recalcitrant pollutants. Herein we review solar photo-oxidation to degrade the recalcitrant contaminants in industrial wastewater, with focus on photocatalysts, reactor design and the photo-Fenton process. We discuss limitations due to low visible-light absorption, catalyst collection and reusability, and production of toxic by-products. Photodegradation of refractory organics by solar light is controlled by pH, photocatalyst composition and bandgap, pollutant properties and concentration, irradiation type and intensity, catalyst loading, and the water matrix.