Abstract
This study describes a new species of armoreye dory, Zenion boops sp. nov., from Dongsha Island, Taiwan, as part of a comprehensive revision of the genus Zenion in the South China Sea. The new species is clearly distinguishable from its tropical congeners, Z. hololepis and Z. japonicum , based on a combination of distinct morphological features, meristic counts, otolith morphology and c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) gene sequences. Z. boops is characterized by a smooth second dorsal spine, a long first dorsal spine, 30–35% of second (longest) dorsal spine, a small and narrow notch at the symphysis of the maxilla, and a relatively large eye diameter, 55–61% of head length. Furthermore, otolith morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the cytochrome COI gene reveal significant genetic divergence between this new species and its congeners. With the addition of Z. boops , the genus Zenion now includes four valid species. We also present an identification key for all Zenion species and provide detailed descriptions of their otoliths. Also, we provide data that show that Z . hololepis is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean.