Novel insights into eugenol anaesthesia in poeciliid larvae: Preliminary study of gill histology

Abstract

The increasing use of fish in research emphasizes the need for effective and safe anaesthetic protocols, particularly for early life stages. Eugenol has been proposed as a promising anaesthetic, yet information regarding its effects on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus larvae remains scarce. This study assessed anaesthesia and recovery times, as well as gill tissue integrity, in larvae exposed to different eugenol concentrations. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using four treatment groups (6, 12.5, 25 and 50 mgL −1 ) and a control group (10 mgL −1 ethanol). Significant differences were observed in both anaesthesia and recovery times across treatments ( p p ≤ 0.02), and filament perimeter was also significantly reduced in all treatments ( p −1 exhibited significantly more necrotic foci than controls ( p −1 , decreased at 12.5 and 25 mgL −1 ( p −1 ( p p ≥ 0.08). However, oedema was higher at 6 mgL −1 than at 12.5 mgL −1 ( p = 0.02), and congestion was lower at 12.5 mgL −1 than 25 mgL −1 ( p = 0.04). Overall, the results indicate that 12.5 mgL −1 eugenol provides effective anaesthesia with minimal histological alterations, representing the optimal concentration for use in C. decemmaculatus larvae.

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