Living labs for sustainable soil management: a systematic review of global practices and perspectives

Abstract

Purpose Sustainable management of soil is crucial for terrestrial ecosystems . However, globally it is facing great pressure and challenges due to degradation. Tackling these challenges requires innovative and participatory approaches that integrate scientific knowledge, local practices, and public policy. Living Labs (LLs) can serve as hubs for collaborative innovation in real-world through the connections established between soil science, policy, and stakeholders to invert the course of soil degradation, maintain soil health and, eventually, restore degraded soils. Materials and Methods This systematic review investigated the integration of LLs into soil research over the past decade, using the logic of Prisma flow and further categorized them into key characteristics such as Agricultural, Environmental, Policy and Social, and Digital themes. Results and Discussion Our findings revealed that, among over three thousand works published on LLs in the last 12 years, only about 3% were inherently related to soil. Particular interest in Agricultural, Environmental and Policy aspects were notable whereas studies focusing primarily on Digital and Social aspects were limited. Geographically, LL-related soil studies are widespread, with significant contributions from Europe and North America, and emerging interest in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Our review highlighted the crucial elements for successful implementation of LLs in soil health, including local priorities, practical feasibility, and inclusive stakeholder participation. Conclusions Despite challenges such as resource limitations and stakeholder engagement, LLs have the potential to foster sustainable soil management practices globally —provided these initiatives consider these crucial aspects. Key recommendations include the establishment of thematic networks of LLs to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation transfer, which are essential for achieving global sustainability goals.

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