Gravity currents and wall behavior modeling at high Reynolds numbers - Antonio Ammendola; Michele Rebesco; Federico Falcini; Stefano Salon; Federico Roman (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Combinatorial differential forms for multi-dimensional fluid flow in porous media: A unified framework for volumetric pores, fractures, and channels - Changhao Liu; Kiprian Berbatov; Majid Sedighi; Andrey P. Jivkov (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A two-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model for dispersive waves generated by submerged landslides - Dede Tarwidi; Sri Redjeki Pudjaprasetya; Didit Adytia (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Mathematical and numerical investigation of experimental dam breaks in wet-bed channels due to partial sluice gate lifting - Giada Varra; Nathalia Napolano; Renata Della Morte; Luca Cozzolino (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Breaking down annual and tropical cyclone-induced nonlinear interactions in total water levels - Md Shadman Sakib; David F. Muñoz; Thomas Wahl (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A multiscale model for wave propagation in double-porosity media - Yonggang Kang; Xiu'e Zhang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Recovering head and flux distributions at the sediment-water interface for arbitrary, transient bedforms by inversion of photographic time series - Yoni Teitelbaum; Shai Arnon; Aaron Packman; Scott K. Hansen (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Mussels, Perna canaliculus , as biosensors for climate change: concurrent monitoring of heart rate, oxygen consumption and gaping behaviour under heat stress - Martin C.F. Cheng; Jessica A. Ericson; Norman L.C. Ragg; Brendon J. Dunphy; Leonardo N. Zamora (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The green‐lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus , is an important aquaculture species in New Zealand. Recently, the industry has been increasingly challenged by stressors associated with climate change. Predicting its response to climate change requires more than single‐parameter measurements, as mussels show various physiological and behavioural adaptations. In this study, heart rate (HR), respiration rate (), and relative gaping magnitude (RGM) of P. canaliculus were measured simultaneously under increasing temperature from 17°C to 30°C at a rate of 1°C every 20 min over seven hours. HR, and RGM responded differently to acute temperature increase. HR peaked at 26°C, while continued to rise until 30°C, and RGM spiked beyond 28°C. These integrated responses suggest the mussels’ upper thermal limit is around 26°C, higher than typical seawater temperatures of 20°C seen during summer heatwaves, indicating a significant thermal safety margin. Only HR and were positively correlated, but this relationship was disrupted at higher temperatures due to higher inter‐individual variabilities of those physio‐behavioural responses. Variations in such responses have potential in identifying more thermally tolerant mussel lines within selective breeding programmes that ultimately may help produce mussels tolerant of a warming future.

Future actions for the ocean acidification research community to support marine industries and coastal communities of Aotearoa New Zealand - Rachel Hale; Lea Muetzel; Jessica Ericson; Joanna Copedo; Vonda Cummings; Norman L. C. Ragg; Christina McGraw; Kim Currie; Kirsten Rodgers; Mary A. Sewell (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Increasing atmospheric CO 2 emissions are altering the carbonate chemistry of seawater in a process known as ocean acidification (OA). This is a growing issue for marine industries and communities. During the 2023 New Zealand Ocean Acidification Community (NZOAC) Conference, the community undertook a horizon scanning exercise to determine potential future activities and opportunities. Conference participants were sent questions that focussed on topics of importance to the Aotearoa New Zealand and global OA community. Sixteen potential actions were identified. During the conference, participants voted for actions they perceived to be most important to give each an overall priority score. In order, the five top priority actions were to (i) re‐engage with policymakers to ensure OA is included in policies around climate change, oceans, fisheries, and education; (ii) maintain funding for current observation platforms; (iii) focus on solutions during engagement actions; (iv) obtain funding for new OA focused research; and (v) engage more with the public through community/public participatory science. We summarise the activities identified to address these actions and discuss potential ways forward for the NZOAC and wider research community to undertake the required research and provide much needed guidance to underpin OA mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Variation in the population structure of bluegill bully ( Gobiomorphus hubbsi ) with distance upriver: implications for river connectivity - Cindy F. Baker; Shad Mahlum; David K. Rowe (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The bluegill bully is a small (TL

Feeding habits of the Pacific crevalle jack Caranx caninus (Teleostei: Carangidae) from Bahía de Acapulco, Mexico - Adriana Sandoval‐Ramírez; Genoveva Cerdenares‐Ladrón de Guevara; Agustín A. Rojas‐Herrera; Juan Violante‐González; María I. Vázquez‐Ozuna; José L. Sandoval‐Ramírez (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The Pacific crevalle jack ( Caranx caninus ) is an important resource for small‐scale fisheries in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. We identified the most important components of the diet of C. caninus from 2016 to 2018 in Bahía de Acapulco, Mexico and determined its feeding strategy and trophic level. In addition, we evaluated differences in diet based on size and climatic season. A total of 549 stomachs were analysed, of which 80.8% contained food and 19.2% were empty. A total of 47 prey taxa were identified and classified into three large taxonomic groups: fish, crustaceans and molluscs. Based on the prey‐specific index of relative importance (PSIRI), fish were the most important prey group (85.6%). The Pacific crevalle jack presented a narrow niche in all categories and mainly consumed fish from the family Engraulidae, reflecting a specialist‐type feeding strategy (Levin index C. caninus showed low or intermediate values of overlap between cohorts and climatic seasons (Morisita‐Horn index

Age‐based population dynamics of the four‐rayed rattail Coryphaenoides subserrulatus from the Chatham Rise, New Zealand - Aleisha Moor; Matthew Jones; Ian Wilson; Jingjing Zhang; Julian Lilkendey; Elizabeth D.L. Trip; Armagan Sabetian (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
This study explores the age‐based population dynamics of the four‐rayed rattail Coryphaenoides subserrulatus, a bycatch species from the Chatham Rise orange roughy ( Hoplostethus atlanticus ) fishery. Age and size distribution of C. subserrulatus ranged from 2 to 27 years, and 139 mm to 366 mm (TL), respectively. The sampled population was female‐dominated, especially in the older and larger classes, with a sex ratio of 1.69 females per 1 male (F:M = 1.69:1). Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) analysis showed asymptotic length of 337.02 mm for females and 312.84 mm for males. Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT), and 95% confidence ellipses conducted on VBGF parameters of L∞ and K, confirmed female growth to be significantly different than male. Length–Weight relationship analysis showed this species to have a negatively allometric growth coefficient ( b = 2.69), which indicates prioritisation of growth over condition. Annual mortality rate was estimated at 14.39% (yr −1 ), indicating a stable population under unfished conditions. This study contributes to the understanding of the population dynamics of C. subserrulatus in New Zealand waters, adding to the existing knowledge on the ecology of this deep‐sea bycatch species.

Using taxonomy to strengthen aquaculture for climate change, ocean acidification and invasive species - Robert Paul Wolf (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The Government aimed to quintuple aquaculture production within 16 years, targeting a NZD 3 billion industry. However, challenges—such as Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and threats from pests—pose hurdles that cannot be overcome by the aquaculture sector alone. Robust collaboration between scientists and the industry is imperative to address these threats and ensure success. Climate Change and Ocean Acidification disrupt the reproduction and settlement of crops, hindering shell growth and increasing the risks of pest attacks. The projected annual cost of mitigating pest species will exceed NZD 150 million. While this figure has been economically evaluated, it does not account for the additional intensification from Ocean Acidification and Climate Change. Each of these factors, alone and in combination, poses a risk of collapse for farms. Collaboration between the industry and scientists is essential for developing solutions and advancing aquaculture practices. Establishing a balanced partnership is crucial for advancing New Zealand's aquaculture sector, ensuring sustainability and resilience against challenges. Although this perspective is based on taxonomy, developmental biology and shellfish aquaculture, the challenges and insights are applicable across various sectors. Therefore, the obstacles and solutions described are relevant to the tasks and hurdles faced by scientists in other fields.

Light quality rather than oxidative stress impacts fucoxanthin content in Coscinodiscus radiatus and Cylindrotheca sp. - Amirreza Zarekarizi; David J. Burritt; Ian Stewart; Evelyn Armstrong; Linn J. Hoffmann (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
We investigated the impact of light intensity, light quality, and temperature on growth rate, fucoxanthin (Fx), chlorophyll a and c (Chl a and c), and total carotenoid (Car) contents of the two marine diatoms Coscinodiscus radiatus and Cylindrotheca sp. Additionally, we analysed antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation to determine if oxidative stress was associated with Fx accumulation. Cylindrotheca sp. showed the highest Fx concentrations (3.52 ‐ 3.78 mg g −1 DW) under low temperature (12 °C) and low light intensities (12.5 and 25 μmol m −2 s −1 ) in the cool white and lumoflor fluorescent light (FL) treatments. Fx concentrations in Coscinodiscus radiatus were generally lower and the maximum was found at 18 °C and a light intensity of 12.5 μmol m −2 s −1 (0.97 and 1.10 mg g‐1 DW, respectively, for cool white and lumoflor FL). Blue light enriched LEDs significantly increased Fx production in Cylindrotheca sp. making LED lights a promising choice for indoor mass cultivation of algae. No relationship between oxidative stress and Fx production was found in C. radiatus , while a negative relationship was observed in Cylindrotheca sp. suggesting that oxidative stress induction strategies are not generally suitable for enhancing Fx production in all marine diatom species.

Implications of flooding events for the green‐lipped mussels ( Perna canaliculus ): an aquatic health perspective - Joanna S. Copedo; Stephen C. Webb; Norman L. C. Ragg; Andrea C. Alfaro (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Flood events are increasingly impacting coastal infrastructures and marine organisms. Prominent among these organisms, the green‐lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus , is an important marine ecosystem engineer and one of New Zealand’s key aquaculture species. Although relatively robust, the species may have limited capacity to tolerate acute environmental shocks such as exposure to riverine floodwater. As flood events become more frequent, they may present serendipitous opportunities for further research. Thirty days into a temperature and starvation co‐stressor experiment, a storm event resulted in the staff evacuation and eventual flooding of the research facility. Additional samples for histology were opportunistically collected after the flood waters receded, and the survival of the P. canaliculus was monitored for two weeks post‐event. Although no mortalities were observed post‐flood exposure, histological results indicate that the event did cause the mussels to spawn. Tissue conditions, such as haemocytosis of the gill and digestive gland atrophy, also appeared to be correlated with the flood event; however, the impact on P. canaliculus health was considered negligible. This research highlights not only the importance of targeted research in elucidating the impacts of climate‐related hazards on marine species but the importance of opportunistically incorporating these unforeseen events into the research.

Fishing for data: AI approaches to advance recreational fisheries monitoring - Lachlan R. Baker; Nathan A. Knott; Robert Gorkin; Sam Aubin; Culum Brown; Katharina J. Peters (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Recreational fishing is an important social and economic activity on a global scale. In Australia, the quantification of the recreational fishing catch has relied on voluntary surveys, which require significant human resourcing for data collection and also limit the sampling and the precision of the estimates. Artificial intelligence (AI) incorporated into fish cleaning tables offers the opportunity to collect data in an almost continuous manner with little human effort. To date, the feasibility of such an approach has not been tested nor optimised. Here, we present a rudimentary image classification model that we developed with a dataset of only 2000 images, and test its accuracy and the deployment variables that may affect its performance. We assessed the influence of camera height, image resolution, species, fish orientation and position on identification and measurement accuracy. Lowering camera height and photographing fish in their dorsal orientation increased identification accuracy, while poor image resolution decreased measurement accuracy. These results informed subsequent development of an object detection model with increased performance (80% true positives compared to 30% for the image classification model). This assessment indicates the substantial promise of AI to sample recreational fisheries catches, with the potential to dramatically increase data collection for recreational fisheries management.

Deep‐sea lobster shifts in distribution and population connectivity under future climate change - Christopher J. Roach; Andrew G. Jeffs; Aimee L. van der Reis; Joao Marcos Azevedo Correia de Souza; Erik Behrens (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
New Zealand scampi ( Metanephrops challengeri ) is an economically important deep‐sea lobster species found between 140 and 640 m on New Zealand’s continental shelf and slopes. Adult scampi are sedentary and population connectivity is mediated by larval dispersion. In this study we use high‐resolution regional marine climate down‐scalings to examine how climate change will impact connectivity and population distribution in medium and high‐emissions future climate scenarios. We find that single generation larval connectivity is dominated by three ‘blocks’ of high connectivity centred on the Campbell Plateau, Chatham Rise and the west coast of the North Island. Connectivity within these ‘blocks’ remains robust under future climate but inter‐block connectivity weakens. The effect of ocean warming was assessed by examining how frequently seafloor temperature exceeded 13°C, a temperature known to cause a rapid decline in scampi health. We find that the Northland and Bay of Plenty fisheries will experience thermal stress by mid‐century followed by the Chatham Rise fishery late‐century. The Campbell Plateau fisheries experience little ocean warming but may be vulnerable to shifts in fishing effort as the northern fisheries become less viable. These results showcase climate change impacts on an important deep‐sea species and how modelling can benefit fisheries and conservation management.

The acoustic detection of the Franciscana dolphin ( Pontoporia blainvillei ), in open sea off the coast of Argentina - G. Giardino; P. Denuncio; E. Papale; M. Ceraulo; G. Buscaino; R. Bastida; D. Rodríguez (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The Franciscana dolphin ( Pontoporia blainvillei ) is facing significant threats in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, largely due to entanglement in artisanal fishing nets, which makes it the most threatened dolphin species in the region Its conservation calls for a standardised methodology that enables the detection and monitoring of dolphin populations on a longer temporal scale. This study represents the first acoustic monitoring of wild Franciscana dolphins in Argentina, focusing on understanding their diel patterns of activity and their relationship with environmental variables. Our findings show that Franciscana dolphin acoustic presence in summer in Chapadmalal (Argentina) is more frequent in January than in February and March and is influenced by the interaction between tide and wind direction. Specifically, at higher tide levels, wind direction has a reduced impact on dolphin detections. This interaction varies seasonally, with shifts observed in February and March. This research advances standardised methodologies for detecting and monitoring Franciscana dolphin populations, supporting efforts to improve their conservation.

Seasonal dynamics of winter‐spring algal blooms in the temporary wetlands of Andean Patagonia, Argentina - Carolina Soto Cárdenas; Marina Gerea; Claudia Queimaliños; Fabián Gastón Jara (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Algal blooms have profound impacts on freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This study investigates the dynamics of algal blooms in temporary wetlands within protected areas of northwestern Argentinean Patagonia. We characterised the algal community and biomass (measured by chlorophyll‐ a ) in two wet meadows (Pitranto and Poza), assessing key environmental variables throughout the algal bloom. The blooms persisted from winter to early spring in 2023. Algal community composition varied between wetlands: at Pitranto, five green filamentous species, whereas at Poza, the community was primarily composed of the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa sp., with a smaller proportion of filamentous algae. Excessive algal proliferation resulted in dense mats that blanketed the wetlands, attaching to vegetation and shading the water column, which, in turn, trapped macroinvertebrates within the mats. Cold winter temperatures triggered algal growth, and as water temperatures increased in early spring, the algae began to senesce. Chlorophyll‐ a concentrations and nutrient levels were lower than in previous years, likely due to nutrient depletion following efficient algal uptake. Sediment disturbance, exacerbated by invasive wild boar activity, may have altered nutrient dynamics and influenced algal blooms within these wetlands.

Near‐seabed sediment dynamics and fluxes on Chatham Rise, the effects of seabed disturbance, and implications for deep‐sea bottom trawling and seabed mining - Scott D. Nodder; Christopher A. Eager; Joe O’Callaghan; Daniel Leduc; Sam Davidson; Stacy Deppeler; Grace Frontin‐Rollet; Peter Gerring; Sarah Searson; William Quinn; Steve George; Ron Ovenden; et al. (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting deep‐sea environments, including seafloor sediment disturbances by bottom trawling and seafloor mining. Fieldwork in the ‘Resilience Of Benthic Ecosystems to Sedimentation’ (ROBES) project were conducted in 2018–2020 on the 400 m‐deep Chatham Rise crest, eastern Aotearoa New Zealand. Water column turbidity data, sediment traps on near‐seabed moorings and benthic landers and surficial sediments from multi‐corers provided baseline and post‐impact information following an artificially induced seafloor disturbance event in June 2019 using a modified harrow plough in and around an elongated bathymetric depression, designated as the ‘Butterknife’. During the disturbance, total mass and particulate organic carbon (POC) near‐bed fluxes were elevated above long‐term fluxes (2018–20). Long‐term 2018–19 fluxes were generally less than in 2019–20, driven by interannual oceanographic variations. These results, coupled with 50–100 m‐thick benthic boundary layers, suggest that lateral advection is a dominant process in the resuspension and redistribution of seafloor sediments on the rise. Further research is required to better understand the longer term dynamics of particle transport and deposition in response to human activities, such as bottom trawling or proposed phosphorite seafloor mining, especially in bathyal environments, such as the Chatham Rise.

Evidence for strong selective forces structuring a subtropical bacterioplankton metacommunity along 800 km from freshwater reservoir to the sea - Claudia Piccini; Angel Segura; Carla Kruk; Eliana Nervi; Alvaro González‐Revello; Florencia Bertoglio; Caio Graco‐Roza; José Sotelo‐Silveira (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Testing ecological theory on microbial communities could shed light on the mechanisms behind general biodiversity patterns. Here, we tested explicit a‐priori predictions from a coalescent‐based simulation model of community structure, macroecological patterns and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to evaluate bacterioplankton diversity ( α , β , γ diversity and species abundance distribution (SADs)) along a large region (∼800 km) in 6 sites from a subtropical freshwater reservoir in the Uruguay river to the Atlantic Ocean. A test based on the genetic distances among sequences suggests species sorting as the determinant of community structure. Stronger selective pressure was evidenced towards the outer estuary, with a decrease in species diversity and changes in the dominant classes, while keeping a similar power‐law SAD structure. Distance decay in similarity matched theoretical patterns suggested by the replacement (turnover) of species and not to those generated by the loss of species from a larger pool. Each site along the continuum strongly contributes to the γ bacterioplankton diversity, highlighting the relevance of local species pool to the bacterioplankton metacommunity.

Is marine carbon dioxide removal right for Aotearoa New Zealand? - Cliff S. Law; Rebecca J. McLeod (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Marine carbon sinks are identified as potential nature‐based solutions in the second Emissions Reduction Plan released in December 2024. Although the scientific basis for marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) is still being established, activities are nonetheless advancing internationally and there is increasing domestic interest. Here, we introduce the fundamentals and types of mCDR to highlight the need for a national assessment that considers our unique cultural and environmental context in determining whether and how mCDR might contribute to Aotearoa New Zealand’s climate response.

Establishment of a stable isotope database for New Zealand fur seal breeding colonies using δ 13 C and δ 15 N in pup vibrissae - Diana Galbraith; B. Louise Chilvers (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The New Zealand fur seal/kekeno ( Arctocephalus forsteri , NZFS) is native to Aotearoa/New Zealand. Its original range included the entire coast of mainland New Zealand, and offshore and subantarctic islands. The NZFS has gradually recolonised much of its former range after being almost extirpated by hunting, however, little is known about species dispersal in the non‐breeding season. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) can trace foraging ecology and migration in marine mammal species. Isotopic niche width can be described statistically and provides ecologically relevant information on diet and potentially foraging location. Otariid pup vibrissae (whiskers) can be used as proxies for maternal foraging as they provide a sequential record of nutrient intake derived from maternal milk. In this study, vibrissae from NZFS pups were collected from seven established breeding areas around the coast of New Zealand. A stable isotope database of δ 13 C and δ 15 N was established for each breeding colony, and isotopic niche widths estimated. Isotopic niche widths were largest at Open Bay Islands and Cape Foulwind. Results were discussed in light of previous oceanographic and NZFS diet and foraging studies. Colonies are not likely to be sufficiently isotopically distinct for pups to be identified to their colony of origin.

The effect of diet on the growth and energy budget of juvenile Neostichopus grammatus - Abigail John Onomu; Matthew James Slater; Niall Gordon Vine (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Providing optimum energy levels in diets for sea cucumbers is essential, as an excess or inadequate energy level can lead to a reduced growth rate. This study investigated the effect of diets on the growth and energy budget of juvenile sea cucumber Neostichopus grammatus for twelve weeks. The diets are abalone waste (AB); abalone waste mixed with powdered Ulva lacinulata (A + U) and Gracilaria gracilis ; abalone (A + G), formulated pellet with the inclusion of sand (P + S) and without sand (P – S). Ingestion rate was influenced by diets, such that diets, containing abalone waste (AB, A + G and A + U), exhibited higher ingestion rates ( p C ), energy lost in faeces ( F ) and energy lost through ammonia excretion ( U ). However, the diets did not influence the energy available for growth ( G ), and the energy lost through respiration ( R ). 81–96% of energy intake was lost to R. The diets had no significant effect on G, as sea cucumbers in the various treatments all had a low and negative proportion of energy allocated to growth regardless of the feed ingested. This study has shown that the sea cucumber N. grammatus spends 81–96% of its ingested energy on respiration, leading to a deficit of energy available for growth. HIGHLIGHTS Diets affected the energy lost through ammonia excretion. Diets used in this study did not influence the energy available for growth, and the energy lost through respiration 81%–96% of energy intake than expected was lost to respiration Sand substrate in tanks is essential for the land‐based rearing of N. grammatus

Salinity has a greater effect on sea star righting time than temperature - Claire T. Shellem; Conrad A. Pilditch; David C. Schneider; Joanne I. Ellis (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Acute increases in temperature linked with marine heatwaves have been occurring with increasing frequency around New Zealand. Additionally, as rainfall rates vary in association with climate change, the salinity regimes in estuaries are changing, often with more frequent pulses of low salinity events. These physical changes in the environment can lead to sublethal stress and changes in the distribution of marine organisms. Echinoderms play a key role in the structuring of many inter‐ and subtidal ecosystems and can exert top‐down control, which promotes biodiversity and overall ecosystem function. Here, we investigated the impacts of high temperature, low salinity and their combined effect on behavioural responses of Coscinasterias muricata , a keystone predator. We examined how these two climatic variables, individually and together, would affect righting time, a proxy for fitness, over a one‐week period. We found that only salinity significantly affected righting times, with those exposed to ambient salinity treatments righting an average of 47% faster than those in low salinities, across all days. Neither temperature nor duration of exposure significantly affected righting time. These findings suggest, because keystone species may be affected, that future changes in salinity can have drastic effects on coastal ecosystems and should be further investigated.

Environmental drivers of Atrina zelandica habitat suitability in Tauranga Harbour - Brooke G. Ellis‐Smith; Hazel R. Needham; Fabrice Stephenson; Jenny R. Hillman; Andrew M. Lohrer; Joanne I. Ellis; Conrad A. Pilditch (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Fan shells (Family Pinnidae) have high ecological importance but are facing global declines including in New Zealand. Given the scarcity of data regarding the degree of these losses, understanding current population spatial extents and distributional drivers is needed for restoration management. A subtidal towed underwater camera survey was conducted at 62 sites to elucidate Atrina zelandica extent in Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty. We observed sparse populations (occurrences at 12 sites, densities −2 ), indicating harbour‐wide declines compared to historical records. Habitat suitability modelling was used to identify possible environmental drivers influencing Atrina and predict areas suitable for restoration. The model performed well (AUC = 0.85) and predicted large areas of high habitat suitability (probability of occurrence > 0.6). Mud content (7–35%), maximum current speed ( −1 ), sediment organic matter ( −3 ) were identified as the key drivers of predicted habitat suitability. Absence of Atrina from areas of high predicted suitability and historical occupancy indicates other factors are restricting recovery. Ongoing destructive benthic activities, alongside Allee effects may be hindering natural recovery, necessitating active restoration and stressor removal to reestablish populations.

Comparative paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in three important Aotearoa New Zealand marine invertebrate species: kina ( Evechinus chloroticus ), pāua ( Haliotis iris ) and hohehohe ( Panopea zelandica ) - Hannah Greenhough; Anne Rolton; Kirsty F. Smith; Laura Biessy; Andrew I. Selwood (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
This study investigated the potential for paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) accumulation in three of Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) taonga seafood species: kina (urchin; Evechinus chloroticus ), pāua (abalone; Haliotis iris ) and hohehohe (geoduck; Panopea zelandica ) in laboratory exposures to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum . Although PST accumulation data are scarce or non‐existent for these three species, international studies have reported toxin accumulation in related genera. Given the prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in areas of NZ where these species are harvested, this research aimed to assess PST uptake in different tissue types (e.g. viscera, siphons, flesh) following a seven‐day controlled exposure to the PST‐producing A. pacificum . Results showed that while the filter feeding hohehohe exceeded regulatory PST limits in the viscera following exposure, the two grazing species (kina and pāua) did not accumulate PSTs beyond the regulatory limit of 0.8 mg STX.2HCl eq kg −1 in 7 days. However, A. pacificum DNA and PSTs were detected in the viscera of all species, confirming ingestion of the microalgal cells. This is the first controlled PST‐uptake study of these economically and ecologically important species, providing valuable insights into the risks of paralytic shellfish poisoning following collection of these species after a HAB event.

Effects of temperature and salinity on bacterial reduction in Portuguese oysters ( Magallana angulata ) during depuration with sonoelectrochemical water - Dung Viet Le; Van Cam Thi Le; Thuy Thi Nguyen (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Consumption of raw oysters poses health risks due to bacterial contamination. This study investigated the effects of temperature and salinity on the depuration process for reducing Vibrio spp., Escherichia coli , and Salmonella spp. in oysters over 24 hours using sonoelectrochemical water with an oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of 750 mV. The temperature experiment was conducted at three levels (20°C, 24°C, and 28°C) with a constant salinity of 25‰. The salinity experiment was carried out at three levels (15‰, 20‰, and 25‰) with a constant temperature of 24°C. Oyster samples were collected at 8, 16, and 24 hours for bacterial analysis. The results indicated that depuration was most effective at reducing Vibrio spp. and E. coli at temperatures of 20°C and 24°C and a salinity of 25‰. Temperature had no significant effect on the reduction of Salmonella spp., though salinity levels of 20‰ and 25‰ were effective in reducing Salmonella spp. The optimal depuration time for bacterial reduction was 16 hours. Further research is needed to assess the efficiency of sonoelectrochemical depuration under varying environmental conditions, including different salinity, temperature, and flow rates.

Botryllus (Ascidiacea, Styelidae) on the Argentine coast - Anabela Taverna; María Carla de Aranzamendi; Cristian Lagger; Diego Román Giménez; Marcos Tatián (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Two species belonging to the genus Botryllus from three localities (five sampling sites) on the Argentine coast (southwestern Atlantic) were identified, based on morphological analyses. Besides, genetic analyses (COI partial sequences) revealed the presence of clade A of the Botryllus schlosseri species complex, which is widely distributed and considered invasive, in Mar del Plata and Puerto Madryn localities. In addition, a species never detected in the study area was recorded: Botryllus planus with a tropical distribution in the western Atlantic and considered cryptogenic in Brazil. The present study emphasises the need to make morphological diagnoses and generate species barcodes to help identify clades or cryptic species and contribute to the genetic database of the different species. Accurate species identification enables the delimitation of their distribution areas. Their occurrence in natural or artificial habitats (e.g. harbours, marinas, shipwrecks) provides insights into their biogeographic status in the area.

Mesozooplankton community associations with water mass and season off the Southeast coast of New Zealand (2017–2018) - Morgan Meyers; Moira Décima; Kim Currie; Robert O. Smith; Linn Hoffmann; Stephen Wing (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Zooplankton community structure varies among distinct water masses and can be highly temporally dynamic, with patterns reflecting seasonal, interannual, and decadal changes in food webs. The seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities in waters east of the Otago peninsula (New Zealand), and their associations to the region’s water masses, have not been investigated in detail since the 1960s. The current study was conducted along the Munida Time Series Transect, a 65‐km transect that runs perpendicular to the coast. The transect crosses four distinct water masses: Neritic, Subtropical, Subtropical frontal zone, and Sub Antarctic waters, all with distinct temperature, salinity, and nutrient characteristics. Samples were taken from the epipelagic (

Age‐based growth dynamics analysis of recreationally‐ vs commercially‐caught snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) in SNA1 management zone - Tess James; Emily Steele; Jingjing Zhang; Julian Lilkendey; Bérénice Lequesne; Elizabeth Danièle Laman Trip; Armagan Sabetian (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
This study examines age and growth‐based population dynamics of snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) in the SNA1 management area, comparing recreationally‐ and commercially‐caught fish. Fishing gear selectivity influenced age and size distribution, with recreationally‐caught snapper (Rod & Reel) displaying a broader range (3–28 years; 260–830 mm SL) than commercially caught snapper (Netting) (2–13 years; 240–439 mm SL). The modal age class was 6–7 years for recreational catches and 5 years for commercial catches, while modal size classes were 300–319 mm and 360–379 mm SL, respectively. Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) parameters revealed a slightly higher asymptotic length ( L ∞) for recreationally‐caught snapper (433.48 mm SL) compared to commercially‐caught (406.51 mm SL), though both exhibited similar growth coefficients ( K = 0.21 and 0.22). Likelihood Ratio Tests and 95% confidence ellipses confirmed significant growth differences between fisheries. However, these differences likely reflect disparities in age and size structures rather than intrinsic biological variation. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering fishery gear selectivity when evaluating growth dynamics and underscore the need for ongoing monitoring to support sustainable snapper management in SNA1.

Fatty acid biomarkers reveal maternal energy allocation strategies in spawning Snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) - Armagan Sabetian; Luu Huong Hoang; Jingjing Zhang; W. Lindsey White; Tony Chen; Haijian Wang; Julian Lilkendey (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Investigating the dynamic interplay between energy storage and provisioning offers valuable insights into reproductive strategies. In this study we utilised fatty acids as proxy biomarkers to investigate the energetic provisioning strategy of spawning Snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ). Fatty acid profiles of liver, ovaries, and skeletal muscle showed significant variations in composition and concentration. The liver was rich in saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA, 68.52%), the ovaries were predominantly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA, 43.44%), and skeletal muscle exhibited near equal proportions of ΣSFA (42.52%) and ΣPUFA (40.46%). This pattern indicates a mixed reproductive strategy, where high accumulation of SFA in the liver supports capital breeding traits, while higher PUFA levels in the ovaries, and equal SFA and PUFA composition in muscle tissue indicate characteristics associated with income breeding. We also found no convincing evidence to support the lipid provisioning aspect of the Big Old Fat Fecund Female Fish (BOFFFF) hypothesis, as older snapper did not provision higher concentrations of fatty acids in their ovaries. These findings provide new insights into resource allocation strategies of snapper during reproduction, suggesting that protecting a range of age classes, rather than focusing solely on older individuals, may be more effective for managing and ensuring stock sustainability.

Effects of an experimental in situ seabed disturbance on deep‐sea benthic ecosystem function and macro‐infaunal community structure on the Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific - Rachel Hale; Daniel Leduc; Campbell Murray; Ashley A. Rowden; Scott D. Nodder; Chris Eager; Rob Stewart; Christopher W. Hickey; Conrad Pilditch; Malcolm R. Clark (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Expansion of extractive industries to deep‐sea environments will lead to increased stresses on seafloor ecosystems. We examined changes in environmental parameters following direct and indirect experimental benthic disturbance using a modified plough on the Chatham Rise (∼450 m water depth), Aotearoa/New Zealand. Measurements included sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), nutrient fluxes, macro‐infauna community composition, and sediment organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content. We observed an increase in SCOC immediately after the disturbance, alongside a decrease in macro‐infauna abundance, biomass, species richness, and diversity, and an increase in sediment C:N. One‐year after the disturbance, SCOC and sediment C:N ratios were similar to that of pre‐disturbance levels, while macro‐infauna abundance and biomass were greater. We observed a shift in the community structure at directly disturbed sites one‐year post‐disturbance with decreased biomass of Polychaeta and increased biomass of Ophiuroidea. No changes were observed in sediment nutrient fluxes. Our study indicates the Chatham Rise benthic ecosystem was initially negatively affected by the disturbance, but the recovery of many parameters after one‐year shows the potential resilience of the ecosystem. Compared to many proposed deep‐sea resource extraction sites the Chatham Rise experiences a relatively high‐level of anthropogenic and natural disturbance which may explain the relatively rapid recovery. Seafloor resilience to human disturbances and recovery from impacts will depend on local environmental conditions that need to be evaluated by environmental impact assessments. This knowledge will be key to predicting and mitigating disturbance impacts. While the Chatham Rise is relatively well studied many other regions, including those planned for extractive activities, lack the information needed.

Seasonal variation in fatty acid profiles of Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823) from Monastir Bay (Tunisia): implications for trophic markers and lipid nutritional quality assessment - Maroua Jenzri; Zied Bouraoui; Hamadi Guerbej; Jamel Jebali; Tahar Gharred (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
This study investigated the seasonal variations in the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, lipid nutritional quality, and diet composition of Holothuria poli collected from Monastir Bay. Our findings revealed significant seasonal variations in protein, lipids, and ash contents, with the highest protein levels recorded during the summer and peak lipid levels observed in winter. Total monounsaturated fatty acids peaked in both winter and summer, while total saturated fatty acids reached their maximum in autumn. These variations in biochemical compositions were closely linked to the sea cucumber's dietary preferences. Our results demonstrated that H. poli exhibits a diverse diet, consuming bacteria, detritus, diatoms, zooplankton, and algae, with notable seasonal fluctuations. Moreover, the EPA + DHA content and the atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) indexes align with the ranges characteristic of high‐quality seafood, though marked variations are evident among seasons. A principal component analysis illuminated the dynamic seasonal shifts in Holothuria poli 's dietary habits and lipid nutritional characteristics, offering valuable insights into its ecological adaptations and potential repercussions for marine food webs. These findings underscore the intriguing interplay between fatty acid composition, lipid nutritional quality, dietary preferences, and environmental factors in sea cucumbers.

The impacts of marine heatwaves on ecosystems and fisheries in Aotearoa New Zealand - Katie M. Cook; Matthew R. Dunn; Erik Behrens; Matt H. Pinkerton; Cliff S. Law; Vonda J. Cummings (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity globally, yet the impacts of such extreme events are not well understood. We review the effects of MHWs on the fisheries and ecosystems of Aotearoa‐New Zealand (NZ), an island nation with over 15,000 km of coastline, and 4 million km 2 of exclusive economic zone, that supports diverse marine communities and valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. Using Aotearoa‐NZ and global literature, we discuss the potential effects of MHWs on the physical environment and on species, populations and ecosystems. We review recorded national impacts with a fisheries focus, and systematically assess MHW effects on 32 commercially or culturally important Aotearoa‐NZ wild‐caught fishery or aquaculture species, classifying their vulnerabilities. We found records of MHW‐induced ecosystem shifts, with macroalgae community change, and out‐of‐range occurrences of warm‐water species. Of the 32 species examined, national MHW impacts were documented for three species (green‐lipped mussel, snapper, and Chinook salmon). We highlight the paucity of information for life‐stage specific impacts, and indirect impacts such as changes in predator‐prey interactions and biogenic habitat distributions. Assessing MHW impacts through a fisheries lens highlights the need for enhanced interdisciplinary research and monitoring, to develop sustainable management strategies under environmental change.

Age and growth of a habitat‐forming deep‐sea coral Solenosmilia variabilis in the New Zealand region: implications for fisheries management - Dianne M. Tracey; Peter Marriott; Nicholas Hitt; Helen Neil; Malcolm R. Clark (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
One of the most widespread and abundant habitat forming deep‐sea corals in the South Pacific region is Solenosmilia variabilis . The age of this species was assessed using radiocarbon content ( 14 C) on long dead, recently dead, and live branch sections of coral reef matrix sampled from the New Zealand region. Conventional 14 C colony ages (yrs BP), for the living, recently dead, and long dead samples, ranged from 803 to 1186 years (Graveyard Knolls, Chatham Rise), and 907 to 11, 694 years (Louisville Seamount Chain east of New Zealand). Overall calendar ages, ranged from 84 to 292 years, and similar linear and step‐wise growth rate data were obtained. Linear growth ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 mm/yr. From a conservative estimate of matrix height of ∼20 cm, it could take hundreds of years (∼150–660) of growth for a colony of S. variabilis to attain this height, and around ∼2000 years to build a colony diameter of 1 metre. Defining the age, growth and recovery timeframes of deep‐sea coral can inform risk assessments of the level of susceptibility to trawling activity and their potential to recover, as well as provide options for the considered management of deep‐sea habitats.

The availability and ingestion of microplastics by an intertidal fish is dependent on urban proximity - Fletcher Munsterman; Bridie J. M. Allan; Sheri L. Johnson (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Investigating the impacts of the plastics on our environment, and the potential adverse effects on fauna, has become increasingly important. While a number of studies have shown that microplastic levels in sediments generally increase with proximity to urban regions, fewer studies have investigated how vertebrate ingestion rates vary with urban proximity. Here we explore how urban proximity influences plastic abundance in sediments and plastic ingestion by an intertidal fish ( Forsterygion capito) . Three sites around Dunedin City, New Zealand, were sampled. We demonstrate that fish collected from areas located 2.5 and 10 km from the city centre ingested significantly more microplastic than fish at the furthest site, 25 km away from the city. Likewise, we found that the sediments from the least urban site tended to contain fewer microplastics. Despite this, we found little evidence to suggest that sediment microplastics can predict microplastic ingestion. Overall, this research provides further support that urban proximity impacts microplastic deposition and ingestion by marine fauna.

Experimental seabed disturbance effects on Chatham Rise deep‐sea meiofaunal communities, Southwest Pacific - Daniel Leduc; Campbell Murray; Ashley A. Rowden; Scott D. Nodder; Rachel Hale; Malcolm R. Clark (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Growing global demand for deep‐sea resources may lead to increased pressure on benthic ecosystems. Here we examined changes in meiofaunal communities following an in situ physical disturbance experiment. A significant change in meiofaunal community structure in surface (0‐1 cm) and subsurface (1‐5 cm) sediments was observed immediately following the disturbance at both the directly and indirectly disturbed sites and adjacent potentially undisturbed/indirectly disturbed sites, reflecting a decrease in the abundance of several meiofaunal taxa. Abundance, taxon richness and diversity also decreased immediately following disturbance across all sites. Surface community parameters returned to pre‐disturbance values one year post‐disturbance, but only a partial recovery was observed for the subsurface community over the same period. The accumulation of recently resuspended and deposited sediment could have led to lower meiofaunal density and shifts in community structure. Passive dispersal and recolonisation from outside the study area may explain why the surface community recovered more fully than the subsurface community. We show that meiofauna were negatively affected by a relatively minor disturbance compared to proposed commercial seabed mining operations, but the finding that communities had largely recovered one year after disturbance has implications for resilience of fauna to much more pronounced impacts of potential large‐scale mining.

Effects of experimental in situ seabed disturbance on deep‐sea macrofaunal communities of Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific - Campbell Murray; Ashley A. Rowden; Daniel Leduc; Scott D. Nodder; Rachel Hale; Jane Halliday; Malcolm R. Clark (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
With the possibility of deep‐sea mining of mineral resources occurring, it is necessary to understand potential impacts on benthic communities. Previous simulated mining experiments revealed direct benthic impacts; however, indirect impacts of sedimentation are not well understood. A disturbance experiment was conducted on Chatham Rise, New Zealand, to assess the resilience of benthic communities to sedimentation that could result from future deep‐sea phosphorite mining. Macrofaunal and sediment samples were collected before, immediately after, and one year after a disturbance in areas directly physically disturbed and subjected to induced sedimentation (DI), and undisturbed or subjected to sedimentation only (UI). Macrofaunal abundance significantly decreased in DI areas but not in UI areas. However, abundance‐based community structure changed in both areas; in DI areas this was mostly driven by decreases in dominant fauna, but in UI areas by changes in more sensitive fauna. One year after disturbance, abundance‐based community structure had recovered in both areas and was correlated most strongly with variations in sediment C:N molar ratios. Biomass‐based community structure in DI areas differed one‐year post disturbance from communities sampled at the two earlier periods. These results are useful for informing the management of impacts from offshore industries where sedimentation is an issue.

The benthic and epiphytic marine dinoflagellates of Aotearoa New Zealand and Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands, an updated checklist from 2018 to 2024 - Lesley L. Rhodes; Tomohiro Nishimura; J. Sam Murray; Sarah C. Finch; Lucy Thompson; Kirsty F. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
A checklist collating records of New Zealand’s benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellate species was published on‐line in 2018 [Rhodes L, Smith KF. 2019. A checklist of the benthic and epiphytic marine dinoflagellates of New Zealand, including Rangitāhua/Kermadec Islands. N Z J Mar Freshw Res. 53:258–277. doi: 10.1080/00288330.2018.1492425 ]. Over the last six years, seventeen species from nine genera (three newly reported genera) have been documented, including sand‐dwelling species. Isolation and identification of species using traditional microscopic techniques combined with analysis of DNA sequencing data has been supplemented by high‐throughput sequencing techniques (i.e. metabarcoding). Toxin data, based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), and toxicity of isolates are included where applicable. Forty‐two benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellate genera, including genera having benthic life stages, have now been recorded in Aotearoa New Zealand coastal waters including Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands (new record genera in bold): Adenoides , Alexandrium , Amphidinium , Archaeperidinium , Azadinium , Biecheleria , Blastodinium , Bysmatrum , Cachonina , Coolia , Crypthecodinium , Cryptoperidiniopsis , Dinophysis , Durinskia , Ensiculifera , Fukuyoa , Fragilidium , Gambierdiscus , Gonyaulax , Gymnodinium , Gyrodinium , Heterocapsa , Karenia , Karlodinium , Kryptoperidinium , Lepidodinium , Ostreopsis , Pelagodinium , Pentapharsodinium , Pfiesteria , Polarella , Prorocentrum , Protodinium , Protoperidinium , Pseudadenoides , Pseudopfiesteria , Scrippsiella , Symbiodinium , Thecadinium , Togula , Vulcanodinium and Woloszynskia.

Changing bryozoan fauna in Otago Harbour reflects growing urbanisation and globalisation - Tyler M. Feary; Abigail M. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
A comparison between historic reports dating from 1884 (78 records of 35 species) to the bryozoan fauna present today (98 colonies of 14 species) reveals considerable faunal change in Otago Harbour / Te Wai Ōtākou (45° 50'S 170° 38'E) in Dunedin, east coast of South Island, Aotearoa New Zealand. This highly‐modified urban port was once a rock‐edged tidal inlet surrounded by bush and grassy hills, but changes to its flora and fauna are not limited to land and the intertidal. Our modern bryozoan surveys record predominantly ‘weedy’ invasive species which colonise anthropogenic surfaces, while previously‐recorded larger, slower‐growing native species are now missing. This study emphasises the importance of historical data and regular monitoring in determining baselines for conservation and restoration.

Stratification and internal temperature oscillations near a coastal inlet - Sutara H. Suanda; Robert O. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
A vertical array of fast‐response temperature sensors was deployed to investigate interior ocean temperature and thermal stratification variability during Spring, 2018 near an inlet entrance on the Otago inner continental shelf (15 m water depth). Over the 24‐day observation period, the background water column structure evolved from supporting a near‐surface pycnocline, to being characterised by a deep surface mixed layer. Periods of mostly low stratification due to atmospheric‐ and surface wave‐driven mixing are also observed. Time‐varying normal‐mode projection demonstrates that the vertical structure of semi‐diurnal temperature oscillations evolves in response to this background stratification in a manner consistent with the interpretation of internal waves. At higher frequencies (supratidal) the projection is less consistent as vertically coherent oscillations from non‐linear internal solitons co‐exist with non‐coherent oscillations, a potential signature of stratified mixing. Although both processes are likely important contributors to the transport of coastal tracers and inlet‐ocean exchange, further measurements are needed to determine the origin and fate of internal waves on the Otago continental shelf.

Habitat suitability of Aotearoa New Zealand for the recently invaded gold clam ( Corbicula fluminea ) - Rose Somerville; Calum MacNeil; Finnbar Lee (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The gold clam ( Corbicula fluminea) is a highly invasive freshwater mollusc, which was detected in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2023. Currently, C. fluminea has only been observed in the Waikato catchment, but there is significant concern it will spread across the country. There is an urgent need to identify suitable habitat for the species beyond the Waikato, given the high probability of spread. Here, we used a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict habitat suitability across Aotearoa for C. fluminea . The model was parametrised with 9,544 observations from across the species’ native and invaded ranges and seven climate, environmental and habitat variables associated with the species’ distribution. The highest risk area are mostly located in Te Ika‐a‐Māui (North Island), in particular, northern Waikato, Auckland, Northland, Bay of Plenty, Hawke's Bay and in Te Waipounamu (South Island) areas with the highest habitat suitability included Marlborough, North Canterbury and Christchurch. Our findings suggest there are many invadable areas beyond the Waikato and a strategy of containment and suppression of existing C. fluminea populations should now be a priority, given the difficulty of eradication once further spread has occurred and new populations are well established.

Shallow estuarine reef as nursery habitat for Australasian snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) - Jessica L. Campbell; Mark A. Morrison; Richard B. Taylor (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Estuaries are important recruitment sites for many fish species, with structurally‐complex habitats such as subtidal seagrass beds on soft sediments particularly valuable due to their provision of food and shelter. Soft sediments dominate most estuaries, but where hard‐bottom reefs are present they have the potential to act as nursery habitats for juvenile fish. We document recruitment of juvenile Australasian snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) to a shallow linear sandstone reef in Whangateau Harbour, a small estuary in north‐eastern New Zealand. Up to several hundred 0 + juveniles (∼20–70 mm fork length) were present on the reef during early summer to mid‐late autumn each year from 2018 to 2021. Numbers were consistently highest at the seaward end of the reef, facing into incoming tidal currents, and lowest in the deeper central part of the reef, where larger, potentially cannibalistic, snapper were common. Juveniles disappeared from the reef fairly abruptly at the end of each season, with departure in at least two of the years appearing to follow a sudden decrease in water temperature rather than being associated with body size or absolute temperature. Although relatively small in area, estuarine reefs may be increasingly important nursery habitats in the future given the widespread loss of subtidal seagrass beds.

The impact of high rainfall events on the submesoscale salinity field in a coastal sea: Greater Cook Strait, New Zealand - Khushboo Jhugroo; Joanne M. O'Callaghan; Craig L. Stevens (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
River inflow into the coastal oceanic environment can result in low salinity submesoscale features (LSMFs). The enhanced water column stability sustained within these coherent structures affects local biological productivity. With‐event and seasonal variability of LSMFs were investigated in a coastal sea — Greater Cook Strait — that is characterised by strong tidal and wind forcing as well as being forced at the land‐sea boundary by several major rivers. A combination of ocean glider and satellite observations revealed the existence of seasonal variability in temperature, chlorophyll and stratification in LSMFs. High rainfall from ex‐cyclone enhanced production of LSMFs in seasons when they would otherwise be less frequent. Stronger stratification was observed at the end of spring, in summer and at the beginning of autumn both in ambient shelf conditions and within LSMFs. Subsurface chlorophyll‐a maxima were found associated with summer and spring LSMFs, when temperature had a stronger contribution to vertical stratification. In the available samples, LSMFs were advected seawards when river discharges exceeded 600 m s . When river flows were lower than this threshold, other drivers such as wind or currents were required to advect the observed LSMFs offshore.

Suspended sediment properties and visual clarity of the Manawatū River, New Zealand - Rob J. Davies‐Colley; Andrew O. Hughes; Arman Haddadchi; John R. Dymond; Simon S. Vale; Hugh G. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Studies of river suspended sediment typically focus on mass loads with little attention devoted to sediment properties such as particle size distribution (PSD) or light attenuation. However, environmental behaviour and ecological effects of suspended sediment vary greatly with particle properties. Visual clarity is a particularly important attribute of waters that is strongly affected by particle properties. We studied the relationship between visual clarity and suspended sediment in the Manawatū River – by combining event auto‐sampling with long‐term state‐of‐environment monitoring. We fractionated stormflow samples into sand and ‘mud’ (silt + clay) by wet‐sieving at 63 μm, and the mud fraction was further analysed for organics, PSD and light beam attenuation (which controls visual clarity). Light beam attenuation correlated very closely with high‐frequency field turbidity – providing an absolute optical calibration. The ratio of light beam attenuation to mass concentration (known as ‘optical cross‐section’) averaged about 0.5 m 2 /g – somewhat higher than expected for silt particles in the measured size range, probably due to plate‐shaped clays. The visual clarity regime, estimated from field turbidity, was consistent with monthly direct observations. Our study illustrates how certain sediment ‘quality’ metrics can usefully extend sediment monitoring applications, and we encourage closer integration of sediment and water quality monitoring.

What temperature is best for the offshore farming of the Australasian snapper, Chrysophrys auratus ? A collective examination of growth, FCR, O 2 consumption and welfare - Selwyn P. Collins; Leonardo J. Magnoni; Denham G. Cook; Suzanne E. Black; Neill A. Herbert (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The Australasian snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) is a candidate for offshore aquaculture in New Zealand. The culture of snapper requires knowledge of the best locations for farms and a key variable is water temperature. The oxygen‐ and capacity‐limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis suggests fish performance is optimised at the temperature that maximises absolute aerobic scope (AAS), whereas the ‘multiple performances–multiple optima’ (MPMO) idea, suggests AAS and other performance measures can have different optimal temperatures. Therefore, the applicability of the OCLTT for snapper was tested by holding juveniles at 15, 18, 21, or 24°C for two months and constructing thermal performance curves (TPCs) for specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and AAS, and an assessment of welfare indicators. We hypothesised that the OCLTT would apply with all TPCs optimised at 21°C. However, AAS showed no discernible peak with temperature (although lower at 15 than 18°C); SGR and FCR improved non‐linearly with temperature; and welfare indicators varied little with temperature. This lack of aerobic limitation and evidence of MPMO suggests snapper are amenable to culture across a significant temperature range with warmer water likely providing the highest levels of productivity with maintained welfare.

Rapid prey switching of juvenile snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) in response to fluctuating visibility - Jessica L. Campbell; Richard B. Taylor (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
This study investigates the feeding behaviour of juvenile (0+) snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) in an estuarine nursery habitat. Underwater video footage recorded across a range of tidal states and times of day revealed a shift in foraging mode that was strongly related to water clarity. Fish exclusively ate benthic prey when horizontal water visibility was

Effects of oxidation reduction potential levels on bacterial density in Portuguese oysters ( Crassostrea angulata ) utilising a sonoelectrochemical depuration system - Van Cam Thi Le; Thuy Thi Nguyen; Hong Lam Thi Pham; Tuyet Anh Tran; Dung Viet Le (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The consumption of raw oysters is on the rise and poses a significant health risk because of the presence of bacteria such as Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Sonoelectrochemical technology offers a promising solution by creating nanobubbles charged with negative ions, which effectively kill bacteria in oysters without affecting human health, and is also environmentally friendly. This study evaluated the bacterial reduction capability of this technology on Portuguese oysters ( Crassostrea angulata ) using different oxidation redox potential (ORP) levels of 450, 600 and 750 mV compared with clean seawater (control) after 8, 16 and 24 hours. The results showed that extended exposure time did not significantly decrease E. coli and Salmonella spp. densities, except for the 750 mV treatment. The ORP level of 750 mV for 16 hours was the most effective in reducing bacterial population in oysters with total Vibrio , E. coli and Salmonella spp. reduced by 1.14, 0.95, and 0.85 logCFU/g, respectively. Further research is needed to optimise oyster depuration using sonoelectrochemical technology to enhance its efficiency and practical application.

New records of nine monogenean parasites infesting non‐native freshwater fish species in New Zealand - Ethan D. Renner; Ian C. Duggan (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Twenty‐one non‐native freshwater fish species have established populations in New Zealand, yet only two have been reported with monogenean infestations; grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) and western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853), each with two identified monogenean species. Based on the diversity of monogeneans known from New Zealand's non‐native freshwater fish species in their native and other invaded ranges, it is likely that many other monogeneans could be extant in the country. Accordingly, we surveyed monogeneans from seven freshwater fish species. Eleven monogenean species were found, including nine previously unreported from New Zealand. One represented a genus previously unrecorded in the country, the ancyrocephalid Ligictaluridus pricei (Mueller, 1936), infesting the gills of Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819). Six dactylogyrid monogenean species were found infesting Carassius auratus (L.): Dactylogyrus anchoratus (Dujardin, 1845), D. dulkeiti Bychowsky, 1936, D. formosus Kulweic, 1927, D. inexpectatus Izyumova, 1955, D. intermedius Wegener, 1909 and D. vastator Nybelin, 1924. Further, a Gyrodactylus species was observed from the gills of Carassius auratus , which could not be confidently identified to the species level. Finally, Dactylogyrus minutus Kulweic, 1927, was recorded from Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacépède, 1803.

The effect of temperature and sand substrate in tanks on the growth and survival of the warty sea cucumber Neostichopus grammatus - Abigail John Onomu; Heleen Senekal; Matthew James Slater; Niall Gordon Vine (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Water temperature and the presence of sand substrate are considered critical environmental factors affecting the growth of cultured sea cucumbers. This study investigated the effects of water temperatures and the presence or absence of sand substrate in tanks on the growth of N. grammatus fed an equal ration of abalone waste for eight weeks. Sea cucumbers with a mean weight of 8.34 g were used for the study. The treatments used in the study were Ambient water temperature + sand (A + S), Ambient water temperature without sand (A‐S), Cold water temperature + sand (C + S), and Cold‐water temperature without sand (C–S). The cold/constant water temperature was 16°C and was representative of winter conditions while the ambient/fluctuating water temperature fluctuated between 16.4 and 18.7 °C and was representative of spring conditions. At the end of the study, the sea cucumbers in A + S and C + S treatment groups exhibited an overall weight increase of 21.08% and 6.18%, respectively. The sea cucumbers reared in ambient water temperature exhibited significantly higher mean weight than those reared in cold water ( F 1, 66 = 5.69; p = 0.02), and sea cucumbers reared with sand substrate had significantly higher mean weight compared to those without sand substrate ( F 1,66 = 19.06; p = N. grammatus in tanks were higher in ambient temperatures and that stress was reduced in the presence of sand, a habitat that mimics its natural environment. This implies that sand substrate may be necessary for the farming of N. grammatus .

Different temperature regimes during gastrulation and neurulation influence developmental larval plasticity and survival at mouth opening in longfin yellowtail ( Seriola rivoliana ) - Nairoby Pacheco‐Carlón; Danitzia A. Guerrero‐Tortolero; Ilie S. Racotta; Rafael Campos‐Ramos (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
We investigated if different temperature regimes during embryogenesis could influence the morphology, the occurrence of oedema, energy reserves, and survival in Seriola rivoliana larvae at mouth opening. Eggs were incubated at six constant (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 °C) and two oscillating (21⇄29 °C) temperatures: decreasing starting (DS) and increasing starting (IS), which resulted in two opposite temperature fluctuating waves: gastrulation and neurulation. Total body length, head length and height were significantly influenced by temperature. Oscillation temperatures reduced major and severe oedema incidence. Mouth gape size was neither influenced by temperature nor by oedema condition. Larvae in DS had the lowest survival (36%) and grew as larvae at 20–24 °C. In contrast, IS showed the highest survival (76%) with larval size similar to 26–28 °C. Constant 28 °C had the lowest survival (48%), which resembled the increase up to 29 °C in DS during neurulation. In contrast, 22–26 °C had higher survivals (55–61%), which resembled the decrease down to 21 °C in IS during neurulation. Larvae at 20 °C and DS had the highest lipids consumption, which suggested detrimental effects on metabolism during gastrulation. Gastrulation and neurulation were likely critical survival and growth‐developmental plasticity periods in this species.

Long‐term warming and record‐breaking marine heatwaves in the Hauraki Gulf, northern New Zealand - Nick T. Shears; Melissa M. Bowen; François Thoral (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
As global oceans warm, long‐term temperature records are critical in understanding and interpreting warming trends and the significance of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in coastal environments. Daily measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) have been taken since 1967 at the Leigh Marine Laboratory, Hauraki Gulf, northern New Zealand. We analyse long‐term trends in SST anomalies and MHWs at Leigh from 1967 to 2023. We find a significant long‐term warming trend in annual SST anomaly, with warming evident in autumn and winter, but not summer and spring. SST has been consistently and anomalously warm over the last decade, with 2022 being the warmest year in the 57‐year record and having record high temperatures for six months. There were no long‐term trends in the number of MHW days and cumulative intensity of MHWs annually, but break point analysis revealed a significant and sharp increase in both metrics since 2012. 2022 had the greatest number of MHW days (313 days) on record, including the two longest and cumulatively intense MHWs which had numerous unpredicted impacts on coastal ecosystems. The long‐term data analysed here provides a unique long‐term perspective on warming trends in the Hauraki Gulf and demonstrates the unprecedented nature of recent MHWs.

Bryde's whale ( Balaenoptera edeni ) occurrence and foraging behaviour along the east coast of Australia - Vanessa Pirotta; Daniele Cagnazzi; Brett Dixon; Simon Millar; Jessica Millar; Greg Pickering; Paul A. Butcher; Karen A. Stockin; Katharina J. Peters (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Despite their global occurrence in warm‐temperate waters and their suspected non‐migratory lifestyle, Bryde's whales ( Balaenoptera edeni spp.) are considered the least‐known large baleen whale species. In Australian waters, information on their distribution, ecology and behaviour is scarce. This study documents Bryde's whale occurrence and foraging behaviours along the Australian East Coast using opportunistic citizen science sightings via drone aerial photography, vessel and land‐based observations. We observed foraging in both shallow (seafloor visible, beach and breaking waves present) and deep waters. We observed a range of foraging behaviours including lunge feeding (exhibited by individual whales and in pairs), sub‐surface and surface skim feeding (shallow waters only) and described multispecies associations. We describe a potentially novel feeding behaviour in shallow waters, where Bryde's whales are feeding directly within or behind the surf break ( shallow water surf feeding ). We quantify the presence of mother‐calf pairs in Australian waters, highlighting the use of these waters for potential calving. This study provides insights into Bryde's whale occurrence and foraging behaviour in both shallow and deep waters of eastern Australia.

The potential role of exopolysaccharide from Graesiella sp (chlorophyte Microalga) as dietary supplement against Bisphenol A‐induced hepatotoxicity in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) - Zied Bouraoui; Mohamed N. Dhraief; Afef Amri; Mohamed A. Smach; Jihene Ammar; Tahar Gharred; Jamel Jebali; Hamadi Guerbej; Hatem Ben Ouada (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae exhibit beneficial biological activities for human and animal health. The present study was conducted to assess the potential protective effect of exopolysaccharide EPSs extracted from Graesiella sp, against Bisphenol‐A toxicity in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ). Fish were divided into two groups, the first group was fed a basal diet without EPSs and the second one was fed a supplemented diet (1.5% of EPSs) for 55 days. Subsequently, a random sample from each group were intraperitoneally injected with Bisphenol A (BPA) at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant status, plasma biochemistry, tissue histopathology and flesh quality were then assessed after five days of BPA injection. Our results show that EPSs supplementation didn't induce negative effects for all tested parameters. BPA exposure caused a significant increment of hepatic lipid peroxidation and drops by more than 50% in the catalase (CAT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities. BPA induced also a significant increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and numerous hepatic alterations. Interestingly, the BPA damage was reduced in fish fed with EPS‐enriched diets suggesting that Graesiella ‐EPS can be supplemented to prevent BPA damage.

Adaption of a traditional Māori fishing method for biomonitoring: using whakaweku for sampling benthic macroinvertebrates in streams - Hanatia Marsh; Richard Storey; Ian Kusabs; Brian Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Whakaweku are bundles of bracken fern ( Pteridium esculentum ) traditionally placed in lakes and rivers by Māori to harvest kōura (freshwater crayfish, Paranephrops spp.) in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Previous studies show they are effective for monitoring populations of kōura and toitoi (small eleotrid fish, Gobiomorphus spp.). We wanted to determine whether whakaweku are also effective for monitoring benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams. We placed whakaweku in a hard‐bottomed and a soft‐bottomed reach of a rural stream in the Waikato, and took standard ‘kick‐net’ samples from the same locations. We retrieved whakaweku after two and four weeks submerged. Whakaweku gave comparable results to kick‐net sampling for common macroinvertebrate metrics (MCI, SQMCI, total richness and EPT* richness). Macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly different between the two methods, but most taxa were common to both. Macroinvertebrate metrics did not change significantly between two‐week and four‐week colonisation periods. A wider study would show whether whakaweku can distinguish between sites over a gradient of human impact. We recommend whakaweku in Māori cultural and community stream monitoring as it is inexpensive, simple to use, captures many macroinvertebrate taxa used in biomonitoring, works in different stream types and can be used to monitor kōura, toitoi and macroinvertebrates simultaneously.

Biochemical composition of biofilms and gastropod grazers; informing biological control efforts from a nutritional perspective - Rebecca M. McMullin; Matthew R. Miller; Lauren M. Fletcher; Grant A. Hopkins (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Considerable interest exists in the development of marine biological control (biocontrol) approaches to biofouling management. For most conceivable applications, the effectiveness of biocontrol at an operational scale is largely unproven, and considerable knowledge gaps and challenges remain. An important consideration for any biocontrol application is whether control agents will persist and remain effective over a reasonable timeframe (months to years). For biofouling management on artificial structures, this will be influenced by the biomass and composition of biofouling communities being consumed by control agents, and their rate of replenishment. Here we review the tissue composition and feeding rates of the gastropod grazers, Cookia sulcata and Lunella smaragda ; two species identified as candidates for biocontrol on static artificial structures. The nutritional composition of biofilms is also discussed in consideration of the likely nutritional requirements of these species. Carbohydrates, notably glycogen, long‐chain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, and essential amino acids influence the nutritional value of biofilms and larger biofouling organisms. These components also provide information about energy reserves, reproductive fitness, resistance to starvation, and metabolic requirements of grazing species. This review informs biocontrol approaches using gastropods in marine environments.

Population structure and genetic diversity of false killer whales ( Pseudorca crassidens ) in New Zealand waters: preliminary results - Gabriela Tezanos‐Pinto; Laura Bohorquez; Jochen R. Zaeschmar; Karen Stockin; Emma L. Carroll; Susana Caballero‐Gaitán (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
False killer whales ( Pseudorca crassidens ) are globally distributed cetaceans, often found in deep oceanic waters but occasionally near coastlines. Despite their broad distribution, information on their abundance, genetics, and ecology remains limited. In New Zealand waters, these whales occur year‐round, with increased sightings during the warmer months due to the East Auckland Current. This study investigates the genetic diversity and population structure of New Zealand false killer whales using 17 samples collected from 2005 to 2018 in four locations, comparing them to global studies. New Zealand samples revealed four unique haplotypes with low genetic diversity ( h = 0.42 ± 0.141; π = 0.29%± 0.002). No genetic differentiation was observed between South Pacific and New Zealand populations (. These findings suggest low genetic diversity for New Zealand false killer whales, but within values expected for other cetaceans with matrilineal social structures. The presence of shared haplotypes suggests potential historical or ongoing connections with wider Pacific populations. However, further research is needed due to the short mtDNA‐CR fragment analysed and small sample size, which may have resulted in an inability to capture the full extent of the genetic variation. This study contributes to our understanding of this species and its conservation within New Zealand.

Aotearoa New Zealand’s marine carbon cycle in a changing climate – Current understanding and future directions - Scott D. Nodder; Cliff S. Law; Erik Behrens; Sarah J. Bury; Antonia Cristi; Charine Collins; Kim I. Currie; Moira Décima; Alain De Verneil; Pablo C. Escobar‐Flores; Denise Fernandez; Mark P. Gall; et al. (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The marine system plays a critical role in the global climate cycle, as a major control of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Marine primary production (photosynthesis) and remineralisation of organic carbon (respiration, degradation) determine the amount of CO 2 sequestered in marine sediments and deep‐water environments on century to millennial timescales. The stocks and fluxes of the marine carbon cycle are susceptible to global climate change impacts and other anthropogenic activities that modify key processes. Oceanographic studies of the marine carbon cycle in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone (NZ EEZ) and Territorial Seas over past decades have provided broad knowledge across a complex and dynamic seascape, but there remain fundamental knowledge gaps that limit identification of and response to present and future anthropogenic threats. In particular, several areas of the EEZ have been under‐sampled and there are currently insufficient data to establish baselines and variability for the marine carbon cycle. We recommend that new observational technologies and ocean modelling applications be fully developed and utilised to enable development of robust predictive capability of our ocean’s response to human‐induced perturbations. Future focus on oceanic nature‐based solutions to accelerate CO 2 uptake will require improved knowledge of the marine carbon cycle in NZ’s EEZ.

Effects of sediment pulses on the deep‐sea coral Goniocorella dumosa - Valeria Mobilia; Dianne M. Tracey; Vonda Cummings; Malcolm R. Clark; Lisa Woods; James Bell (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Seabed‐contact activities operating in the deep sea can generate sediment plumes that pose varying levels of threat to benthic fauna. Corals are important components of deep‐sea ecosystems and can be particularly sensitive to elevated suspended sediment concentrations. In this study, we exposed colony fragments of the New Zealand deep‐sea scleractinian Goniocorella dumosa to four‐day pulses of four target sediment concentrations: 0 mg l −1 (representing control conditions) and 45, 102 and 435 mg l −1 (targeting concentrations expected from mining and trawling disturbance). All coral fragments survived. Oxygen consumption rates were not affected by treatments and time. No visible detrimental effects on coral health were noted after the first pulse of sediment exposure. However, both a loss of coenosarc and instances of polyp mortality were observed on fragments exposed to suspended sediments during the following sediment pulses. This observed decline in coral health over time indicates that G. dumosa could cope with sediment disturbance from human activities that disturb the seafloor for periods of up to four days, but that repeated, or prolonged sediment exposure could cause a deterioration in the health condition of this species. This hypothesis should be further investigated in following studies.

The role of wind and buoyancy forcing on mixed layer depths and productivity on the Chatham Rise from ocean glider and ship‐based observations - Charine Collins; Joe O’Callaghan; Malcolm R. Clark; Scott D. Nodder (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
The Subtropical Front (STF) and associated biological productivity are topographically locked to the Chatham Rise. Year‐to‐year differences of upper ocean dynamics and associated responses of phytoplankton are valuable for understanding variability in fisheries biomass as well as providing new knowledge of environmental condition for potential seabed mining in this keystone ecosystem. In‐situ observations collected over three consecutive years are used to examine the oceanographic variability on Chatham Rise and its potential causal mechanisms are evaluated from satellite observations and a global atmospheric reanalysis. The water column over Chatham Rise consists of a three‐layer structure comprised of a stable intermediate layer sandwiched between a well‐mixed surface and bottom layer. The in‐situ data showed that different water masses can dominate the surface mixed layer at different times. This variability in surface water masses appears to be related to the position of the STF modulated by wind forcing. Spatial and temporal variability was also observed in the mixed layer depth with the temporal variability driven mainly by wind forcing. A strong relationship was observed between phytoplankton biomass and the depth of the mixed layer with implications for the distribution of biological communities and fisheries at the year‐to‐year timescale on the Chatham Rise.

Exploring the abyss through recent advances in microbial profiling technologies - T. J. Sushmitha; Karthikeyan Kathan Tamilmani; Hinduja Murugesan; Vijaya Raghavan Rangamaran; Dharani Gopal (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Ten years of coral reef benthic changes in the Central Mexican Pacific - Rosa Carmen Sotelo-Casas; Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza; Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso; Amilcar Leví Cupul-Magaña; Enrique Godínez-Domínguez (Discover Ecology, 2025)

Petaloconchus (Gastropoda: Vermetidae) reefs as habitat for meiofauna with a focus on free-living nematodes in tropical coasts - Danielle Ferreira Gomes Avelino; Maria Cristina da Silva; Mattheus Norões; Adriana Maria Cunha da Silva; Wendell Benvenuto Ribeiro; José Souto Rosa Filho (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Development of biaxial evaluation matrix combining clean coast index (CCI) and Z-score: a case study of Philippine coastal sites - Taishi Yazawa; Krizia Magabilin Baring; Anna Mae Dela Peña; Zhennah Mae Miralles Macabata (Discover Oceans, 2025)
Marine plastic pollution poses a critical threat to coastal ecosystems. However, its effective assessment remains limited by the availability of consistent, scalable metrics. The Clean Coast Index (CCI) has been widely applied to quantify the absolute density of coastal litter. However, using only CCI does not account for context-specific coastal anomalies that may warrant targeted management. This paper introduces a novel biaxial evaluation matrix combining the CCI and its standardized Z-score to assess both absolute and relative coastal cleanliness. The matrix was applied to existing datasets and newly collected litter data from coastal sites in the Philippines, with Z-scores calculated by standardizing the CCI values across different units (locations, area types, and survey dates). The results demonstrated that the matrix enables the identification of salient locations requiring specific attention, such as relatively polluted zones in otherwise clean regions and chronic hotspots masked within uniformly dirty areas. This dual-axis approach enhances detection sensitivity, supports nuanced environmental assessments, and facilitates more strategic resource allocation and management. While promising, however, the matrix’s interpretability is sensitive to standardization group selection and assumes data normality. Future research should focus on longer-term monitoring and integration with additional environmental indicators to further validate its applicability.

Response of Caribbean coral reef assemblages to a category 5 Hurricane - Cassandra de Alba-Guzmán; Alma Paola Rodríguez‑Troncoso; María del Carmen García‑Rivas; Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Advancements and challenges in the development of generative adversarial network (GANs) for deep learning - Kashif Iqbal; Atifa Rafique; Sara Qaisar; Mujahid Tabassum (Discover Networks, 2025)
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have reshaped modern deep learning by enabling the creation of high-fidelity synthetic data. This survey distils a decade of progress while adding three fresh dimensions. First, we propose a unified three-layer taxonomy–linking divergence choice, objective loss, and architecture family–that clarifies how theoretical tweaks ripple through training dynamics. Second, we deliver the field’s most comprehensive comparison of neural-architecture-search-driven GANs, benchmarking evolutionary, differentiable, and reinforcement approaches on CIFAR-10 and STL-10 to expose the cost-versus-quality frontier. Within this framework we revisit the classic hurdles of mode collapse, vanishing gradients, and instability, showing how re-engineered backbones and carefully chosen divergences mitigate them. We analyse key evaluation metrics–including Inception Score, Fréchet Inception Distance, and Kernel Inception Distance–and explain when each one truly matters. The survey then tracks GAN adoption across computer vision, natural-language processing, music generation, medical imaging, time-series forecasting, urban-planning simulation, and imbalanced-data classification, highlighting both successes and persistent gaps. We close by outlining open problems: scaling NAS-designed GANs to higher resolutions, integrating domain-specific priors, and developing training routines with stronger convergence guarantees. Together, these insights offer researchers and engineers a clear roadmap for pushing GAN technology beyond its current limits.

A comprehensive scientometric study of research trends in cybersecurity from 2000 to 2024 using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer - Reetu Verma; Nidhi Gupta; Ashok Kumar (Discover Networks, 2025)

Black Basta ransomware: a novel multi-source intelligence framework for advanced cyber threat analysis and proactive defense - Jude Osamor (Discover Networks, 2025)

Same tree species, different reproductive phenological patterns between tropical urban green spaces and natural areas - Marcela T. P. Oliveira; Jéssica L. S. Silva; Oswaldo Cruz-Neto; Ariadna V. Lopes (Discover Ecology, 2025)

Dual layer security framework for privacy preserving AI driven healthcare edge cloud analytics - Soha Rawas; Agariadne Dwinggo Samala (Discover Networks, 2025)

Acidification-mediated perturbations of developmental pathways and life-stage transitions in Artemia salina - Simran Popat; Bharatsinh Gohil; Paresh Poriya (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Information-based approaches for managing jellyfish impacts on coastal tourism - Bilal Mghili; Bouchra Benyoub; Mustapha Aksissou (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Preliminary investigation of microplastic presence in the Zinzùlusa show-cave - S. Fraissinet; S. Boulamail; R. Pagano; S. Bettini; L. Valli; F. Cozzoli (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Report on skeletal abnormality in Malabar Grouper Epinephelus malabaricus, from south-east coast of India - T. Mohanraj; T. Jebarani Rajathy (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Simulation-based optimization of energy harvesting systems for 6G networks using deep reinforcement learning - Al Imran; Changbiao Li; Yanpeng Zhang (Discover Networks, 2025)

Submesoscale structures observed in the shadow zone of Nishinoshima volcanic island by uncrewed surface vehicle - Akira Nagano; Noriko Tada; Makio C. Honda (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment of seaweed culture site along the Cox’s Bazar coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh - Md. Simul Bhuyan; Md. Abu Bakar Siddique; D. N. Rao; Mohammad Ismail; Md. Ripaj Uddin; Stanley Iheanacho; Mrityunjoy Kunda (Discover Oceans, 2025)

A novel research on a heart disease prediction model based on hybrid intelligent optimization of deep networks - Wenhui Jiang; Lexiang Zheng; Yue Tian; Yau Hee Kho (Discover Networks, 2025)

Editorial Board (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Contrasting responses of surface and subsurface soil microbiome to ecological restoration in two types of steppe because of different changes in plant and soil properties - Xiaojiang Yang; Xiangjun Yun; Wenbo Zhang; Paul C. Struik; Shenyi Jiang; Xiangjian Tu; Ke Jin; Zhen Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Impacts of wheat straw and sulfate application on soil cadmium availability and bacterial community composition in two waterlogged soils with contrasting cadmium levels - Xianlin Ke; Yifei Li; Mingming Tao; Yanhua Qiu; Songyan Li; Xiaosong Yang; Zhengyi Hu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Weathering modulates soil microbial biodiversity in a Sygera Mountain alpine forest, Tibetan Plateau - Hongzhe Jiao; Qiuyu Chen; Bin Niu; Xiaoqin Yang; Guiyao Zhou; Ang Hu; Jian Wang; Guicai Si; Jiangrong Li; Eryuan Liang; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo; Gengxin Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Deciphering the genome of the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas retamae type strain RB5T: A prominent plant growth promoter for wheat with potential applications in sustainable agriculture - Nawel Selami; Fatima El-Haouaria Zitouni-Haouar; Chahira Zerouki; Katia Khadidja Abdeddaim; Chahrazed Aibeche; Nassima Draou; Omar Khelil; Slimane Choubane; Makaoui Maatallah; Hassiba Bokhari; Ikram Madani; Khadidja Ouenzar; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Biochar modulates microbial- and plant-derived carbon allocation in soil aggregates to enhance organic carbon sequestration in paddy fields under different water management practices - Yu Han; Peng Chen; Zhongxue Zhang; Xiaoyuan Yan; Guangbin Zhang; Zhijuan Qi; Zuohe Zhang; Sicheng Du; Li Xue (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Do neighbours matter? Soil mycobiome and mycorrhizal colonization of Ulmus laevis seedlings grown in the vicinity of arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal trees - M.B. Kujawska; R. Wilgan; M. Rudawska; T. Leski (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Cover crop diversity improves the biochemical, physical and microbiological attributes of soil under long-term no-tillage - Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt; Leandro Pereira Pacheco; Bruno Moço Tessarolli; Éder Rodrigues Batista; Thais Rodrigues Magalhães Guedes; Vinícius Hipólito Lopes de Resende; Fabiano André Petter; Edicarlos Damacena de Souza; Jayme Ferrari Neto; João Paulo Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon; Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Soil bacterial diversity drives shifts in dominant plants' fine root C:N:P stoichiometry across an altitudinal gradient - Yulong Ma; Wangsuo Liu; Kaiyang Qiu; Yi Yang; Guohui Wang; Xiang Zheng; Xuying Hai; Bin Xue; Hongmei Wang; Jianping Li; Panxing He; Yingzhong Xie (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Amplification effects of AM fungus and rhizobacteria on carbon efficiency in wheat-soil system under drought stress via priming rhizosphere activities - Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman; Ling Zhao; Sidra Khattak; Yun-Li Xiao; Awais Iqbal; Wasim Khan; Muhammad Abrar; Zheng-Guo Cheng; Shi-Sheng Li; Asfa Batool; Ying Zhu; You-Cai Xiong (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Forest composition and litter quality shape bacterial community dynamics and functional genes during litter decomposition - Lin Chang; Bo Li; Kang Liu; Wenjing Meng; Yuemei Zhang; Hui Sun; Lin Huang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Decomposition of plant, fungal and tea litter in Picea abies forests with and without a history of clear-cutting - Rieke Lo Madsen; Line Nybakken; O. Janne Kjønaas; Håvard Kauserud; Johan Asplund (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Compared with plant diversity and soil fungal diversity, soil bacterial diversity drives ecosystem multifunctionality during the vegetation restoration process - Hengkang Xu; Chao Chen; Zhuo Pang; Guofang Zhang; Weiwei Zhang; Haiming Kan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of temperature and moisture on the co-inoculation remediation of petroleum-polluted soil by bacteria and nematodes - Youqian Li; Meng Na; Jiajie Tang; Shangqi Xu; Jihai Zhou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Rock powder type and soil texture shape microbial community shifts and plant biomass responses in highly weathered tropical soils - Rafael Lima Oliveira; Nariane de Andrade; Caio César Gomes Freitas; Amanda Manuelly da Silva Oliveira; Danilo Ferreira da Silva; Mísia Souza Vieira; Rafael Santana Mendonça; Felipe Martins do Rêgo Barros; Antonio Carlos de Azevedo; Fernando Dini Andreote (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Revealing the mechanism of Burkholderia sp. Pyr-1 driven removal of pyraclostrobin-contamination through soil microbial community function and assembly - Hongming Liu; Siwen Wang; Zhengqi Zhang; Xiang Li; Yujie Ren; Yuanxiu Wang; Junwei Huang; Lina Sun (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Bacterial communities and C N cycling drive microplastic-specific trade-off between greenhouse gas emissions and antibiotic resistance genes during reductive soil disinfestation - Yanlong Chen; Fengyang Zhang; Yuhan Zhang; Risheng Xu; Jingyi Mei; Kun Wang; Cui Li; Fan Chen; Yuheng Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Intercropping improves the complexity of cross-kingdom networks between bacterial and fungal communities associated with soil carbon cycling in Hainan island of China - Saisai Hou; Chao Zu; Longfei Liu; Pengcheng Liu; Shiyu Shang; Ying Yuan; Yuding Wang; Can Wang; Jie Kang; Yaqi Zhao; Liujie Hu; Zhigang Li; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Topographic slope effects on soil bacterial assembly and network stability after 20-year karst ecological restoration - Junqin Li; Denghui Wang; Zhixia Chen; Mingle Mao; Changting Lan; Jiang Zhou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Changes in soil microbial communities associated to winter cover crop introduction and soil management in irrigated maize monocropping system - Vicente González-García; José Manuel Mirás-Avalos; Inés Zugasti-López; Ramón Isla; Carmen Julián-Lagunas; Jérôme Grimplet (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Fungicide, not nitrogen, reduces soil nematode diversity and multifunctionality in alpine grasslands - Yali Zhang; Hao Xi; Joann K. Whalen; Jiayao Han; Xiang Liu; Yongjun Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Degradation mapping in Southeast Asia using a partial soil health index based on physicochemical indicators - Puangrat Kaewlom; Patchimaporn Udomkun; Thidarat Rupngam; Cargele Masso; Aimé J. Messiga; Joachim Müller; Thirasant Boonupara (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Warming alters the effects of roots and extramatrical mycelia on soil organic carbon and its composition in a Tibetan plateau swamp meadow - Xiaoxiang Zhao; Qiuxiang Tian; Anders Michelsen; Long Chen; Xiang Wang; Rudong Zhao; Lihua Fu; Kai Yang; Yan Yang; Feng Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Fusarium infection alters the effects of vegetable residue and its compost on nitrous oxide emissions from acid soil - Yumeng Xu; Xiaoxiao Xiang; Waqar Ahmed; Junhui Yin; Owen Fenton; Wenxuan Shi; Jiaqi Wang; Ruixue Chang; Rui Liu; Hao Chen; Guorong Xin; Qing Chen (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Deciphering the effects of microplastics on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Current knowledge and future research perspectives - Jonás Álvarez-Lopeztello; Heriberto Cruz-Martínez; Blanca González-Méndez; Elizabeth Chávez-García; Armando Sunny (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

The impact of straw-returning methods on the transfer of ARGs in soil-plant systems and environmental risks - Rongxin Lv; Mengyuan Wang; Zhenkai Ma; Fredrick Gudda; Junchao Ma; Tingting Wang; Xuwen Chen; Lei Tang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Harnessing microbial diversity for effective remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils - Samy Selim; Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Rhizosphere microbial diversity drives differences of peppers N absorption - Xin Li; Mingxing Zhang; Chi Zhou; Di Peng; Yaoyu Zhou; Xinqi Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Oribatid mite taxa and composition associated with temperate habitats in Great Britain - Ainoa Pravia; Carlos Barreto; Frank Ashwood; Aidan Keith (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Comparing apples and apples; evaluating the impact of conventional and organic management on the soil microbial communities of apple orchards - Kate E. Matthews; Martin F. Breed; Erinne Stirling; Lynne M. Macdonald; Timothy R. Cavagnaro (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Metagenomic insight into microbial regulation of nutrient cycling in amended bauxite residue under various planting strategies: Implications for soil formation - Yanjiao Tang; Zuyan Wan; Youfa Luo; Yulu Chen; Qiansong Wan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Carbon-related processes as indicators of soil health in a degraded dryland area under long-term restoration: Responses of a 21-year grazing exclusion system - Antonio Y.V. Lima; Maurício R. Cherubin; Danilo F. Silva; Ademir S.F. Araujo; Diogo P. Costa; Jaedson C.A. Mota; Ícaro V. Nascimento; Alexandre S. Queiroz; Erika V. Medeiros; Kaio G.V. Garcia; Gabriel N. Nóbrega; Geocleber G. Sousa; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Long-term mineral fertilization shaped aboveground plant and belowground bacterial and fungal communities more than cutting frequency in a temperate grassland - Aaron Fox; Stefanie Schulz; Fiona Brennan; Florian Gschwend; Ana Barreiro; Franco Widmer; Michael Schloter; Olivier Huguenin-Elie; Andreas Lüscher (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Soil microbes and nutrient inputs influence root nodulation and tree performance in Alnus glutinosa - Konstantinos Georgopoulos; T. Martijn Bezemer; Lars Vesterdal; Kaiyi Li; Léon de Nobel; Naksha Kasal; Sofia I.F. Gomes (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Influence of fertilization strategies on arsenic uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.): Insights from biotic and abiotic perspectives - Siyao Liu; Zhe Wang; Kaiwen He; Jerome Nriagu; Ruixia Han; Gang Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Thermodynamic response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in vegetable soils across Yangtze River Basin - Yubing Dong; Jingfan Xu; Junqian Zhang; Zhonglong Wang; Fanghu Sun; Zhengqin Xiong (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Exogenous selenium addition alters key community composition and decreases the abundance of diazotrophs in soybean rhizosphere - Jianrong Zhao; Shiyu Hu; Lei Shan; Youpeng Wen; Xuebin Yin; Ruilin Huang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Soil constituents mediate the effects of microplastics from biodegradable mulch on soil biogeochemical properties - Casandra Leach; Ekta Tiwari; Seeta Sistla (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Manganese concentration influences nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil - Avishesh Neupane; Elizabeth M. Herndon; Jennifer M. DeBruyn; Arjun Chhetri; Sindhu Jagadamma (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Biochar and iron minerals facilitate the reduction of pollution and sequestration of carbon in chloramphenicol-contaminated soil under dry conditions - Pengfei Cheng; Junliang Chen; Ran Xu; Qin Tian; Xiaobo Luo; Zhicong Dai; Zhiliang Li; Yao Lu; Lianghui Li; Kuan Cheng; Chao Guo; Guanlin Li; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Wind farm-induced redistribution of soil organic matter: Molecular insights into dissolved organic matter and microbial interactions - Qingyi Li; Jun Chen; Siwei Peng; Guozhu Zhang; Zexu Chen; Boyuan Yang; Yu Zhang; Siying Cai; Weijun Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Acidified slurry reduces microbial and soil organic matter priming compared to conventional slurry - Yusra Zireeni; Robert W. Brown; Davey L. Jones; David R. Chadwick (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

The effect of sustainable management practices on the bacterial community in different European croplands - J. Cuartero; B. Frey; R. Zornoza; V. Sánchez-Navarro; L. Canfora; O. Özbolat; M. Egea-Cortines; R. Farina; H. Fritze; T. Tuomivirta; K. Lång; R. Lemola; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Dose-dependent responses of N2O emissions to biodegradable microplastics and warming in contrasting subtropical soils of Southwest China - Fuli Li; Xin Zhang; Di Wu; Zhu Chen; Yuechen Tan; Yifei Wang; Wanping Zhang; Roland Bol (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Winter bioaugmentation of co-contaminated soil: Differential effects in greenhouse and open-field settings on microbial communities - Zijun Ni; Xiaorong Zhang; Chunyun Jia; Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi; Shuhai Guo; Huaqi Pan; Zongqiang Gong (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Microbial network stability in chlorpyrifos-contaminated soils is improved by microbial inoculant application - Chunxiao Wu; Zefang Tong; Meihuan Lu; Lijun Li; Yalei Pan; Yinghui Ma (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Biodegradable microplastics increase fungi-mediated N2O emission by rapidly releasing dissolved organic matters - Lei Zhong; Yufeng Song; Xiaoxian Cai; Ping Wang; Guanqi Yu; Jia Liu; Xiaoxuan Su; Xingliang Xu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Unlocking the potential of straw return: Microbial agent-driven lignocellulose degradation and soil nitrogen availability in wheat fields - Hongsen Zhang; Shile Peng; Tongyu Dai; Xin Wang; Xuyi Zhang; Lifang Sun; Fengqin Wang; Hui Xie; Guotao Mao; Yonghua Wang; Andong Song (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Earthworm impacts on soil carbon storage: the importance of quantifying all drilosphere compartments - Hoang Xuan Dang; Quang Van Pham; Tien Minh Tran; Cornelia Rumpel; Nicolas Bottinelli (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of micro/nanoplastics on pea growth and nitrogen dynamics: The role of biodegradable and conventional plastics - Maoshan Xiong; Xu Zhou; Aiyun Guo; Jian Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Predicting the effects of microplastics on soil properties using machine learning - Xudong Xu; Wenhao Li; Yuning Wang; Xu Zhao; Yu Wang; Lei Wang; Hongwen Sun; Chunguang Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Aging or degradation? Transformation mechanisms of microplastics in soil environments - Xingyu Zhong; Liyuan Qiang; Jinping Cheng; Zhihang Sun; Huibing Hu; Han Liu; Ruoyu Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Rhizosphere properties in salt marshes are shaped by both soil genetic horizons and halophyte species - Andrea Salvucci; Valeria Cardelli; Dominique Serrani; Lorenzo Camponi; Chiara Ruspi; Debora Casagrande Pierantoni; Laura Corte; Gianluigi Cardinali; Flavio Fornasier; Stefania Cocco; Giuseppe Corti (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

From active biomarkers to legacy effects: Linking microbial life strategies to carbon sequestration in alpine grassland restoration - Xianzhi Deng; Jie Shen; Yanbao Lei; Meiqun Sheng; Juan Xue; Yuanjiang Yao; Geng Sun (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Thermal regime-dependent behaviour of soil toxic elements and microbiota under mineral mix-amended phytostabilisation - Aurelia Blazejczyk; Mariusz Z. Gusiatin; Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska; Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik; Andrzej Białowiec; Algirdas Radzevičius; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Midona Dapkienė; Karolis Paskačimas; Martin Brtnicky; Andrzej Brandyk; Maja Radziemska (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Combining biochar, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and annual ryegrass for the recovery of a PTEs multi-contaminated soil - Maria Vittoria Pinna; Stefania Diquattro; Valeria Ventorino; Giuseppina Magaraci; Ida Romano; Matteo Garau; Carlo Porfido; Matteo Spagnuolo; Pier Paolo Roggero; Giovanni Garau; Paola Castaldi (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Ultraviolet radiation effects on biodegradation depend on precipitation amount, litter quality, and time in an arid land - Yalan Liu; Lei Li; Zhihao Zhang; Xiangyi Li; Ailin Zhang; Shiqi Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Co-occurrence networks dominated by rare and abundant fungal species influence the potential function of fungal communities in Eucalyptus urophylla plantations under successive planting - Yuting Yang; Aoyu Ling; Lingyue Zhu; Qinzhan Wu; Kangting Huang; Dexu Zhang; Zhengye Wang; Zuoyu Qin; Lichao Wu; Jian Tang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Abiotic versus biotic changes: What are the main drivers of peat carbon transformations under vascular plants? - Maria J.I. Briones; Raquel Juan-Ovejero; Javier Rodeiro; Pablo Ramil-Rego; Mark H. Garnett (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Delineating the foraging strategies for soil resources beyond the rooting zone of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi upon co-inoculation - Anukool Vaishnav; Petra Bukovská; Hana Hršelová; Jan Jansa (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Divergent responses of abundant and rare archaeal taxa to spatial heterogeneity in coastal sandy soils - Taotao Wei; Shuangtao Zhang; Xiaojuan Li; Binwei Wu; Qixin Lv; Tingting Duan; Hanzhou Li; Shi-Xiao Luo; Xin Qian (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Seasonal and land-use impact on the stable isotopic signatures of termites - Beining Shi; Jiayin Zheng; Xiaohao Zhuang; Yuanyuan Meng; Mark Maraun; Feng M. Cai; Shengjie Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Exploring the interaction between vermicompost application and soil types on the dispersal of antibiotic resistome above- and belowground - Meirui Mu; Keqiang Zhang; Ming Yang; Bingjun Han; Yutao Sun; Fengxia Yang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of stand density on soil enzyme activities and microbial metabolic limitation in differently aged Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus plantations - Min Zhao; Yunming Chen; Yue Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Functional stratification of core and variable microbial taxa in the Codonopsis pilosula rhizosphere: Links to soil enzyme activity, nutrient cycling, and spatiotemporal dynamics - Ning Zhu; Xinyi Liu; Yumeng Zhou; Feifan Leng; Xiaopeng Guo; Tianzhu Lei; Jixiang Chen; Wen Luo; Yonggang Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Direct root contact among neighboring plants influences activity of soil extracellular enzymes - Jin Ho Lee; Kyungmin Kim; Andrey K. Guber; Maxwell Oerther; Yakov Kuzyakov; Alexandra N. Kravchenko (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Nitrogen source preference and community assembly shape microbial function in biological soil crusts of the Gurbantunggut Desert - Yuan Ma; Qinghang Zhang; Eryang Li; Xiaohui Zhu; Jie Lü (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Mitomycin C-induced prophage activation for exploring the Lysogeny-lysis functional dynamics in situ - Ruoyi Xu; Tida Ge; Yuchuan Fan; Lu Yang; Ying Zhang; Siqin Han; Mark Radosevich; Xiaolong Liang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Differences in temporal patterns of bacterial community assembly between soybean rhizosphere and endosphere - Ting Jin; Shuanghui Wang; Yong Wu; Junyao Deng; Xuanjing Li; Yao Liu; Jianli Zhang; Wuxuan Li; Gehong Wei; Peng Shi (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Humalite shapes the wheat rhizosphere soil microbiome by altering microbial community structure, diversity, and network stability - Pramod Rathor; Chathuranga De Silva; Rhea Amor Lumactud; Linda Yuya Gorim; Sylvie A. Quideau; Malinda S. Thilakarathna (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Woody encroachment increases carbon degradation rates and alters soil microbial community structure in restored and remnant mesic tallgrass prairie - Kendall K. Beals; Cooper Rosin; Bradley M. Herrick; Paul H. Zedler; Isaac Bailey-Marren; Zheng Yao; Nicholas A. Barber (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Non-linear and contrasting responses of abundant, intermediate and rare prokaryotic phylotypes to environmental gradients in forests of East China - Guangxin Wang; Shuhan Zhang; Bin Hua; Rong Mao; Yang Zhang; Anton A. Goncharov; Ximei Zhang; Xingguo Han; Wei Yang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Indicators of healthy rhizosphere soils exhibit limited cross-system generalizability under diverse cropping patterns and management strategies - Yi Ren; Yi Xie; Yuanyuan Yan; Ruimin Li; Hao Su; Xing Zhou; Jisong Qu; Lijuan Zhang; Zucong Cai; Xinqi Huang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Fungal-based soil food webs, not local plant nor abiotic properties, are most affected by rhizome-derived secondary metabolites of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) - Feng Sun; Matthieu Chauvat; Evelyne Blanchard; Pascal Cardinael; Valérie Agasse; Estelle Forey (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of grazing exclusion and pasture management on soil microbial communities in Californian irrigated pastures - Madison L. Morris; Danny J. Eastburn; Leslie M. Roche; Josh Davy; Morgan Doran; Betsy Karle; David Lile; Tracy Schohr; Laura Snell; Dan Macon; Grace Woodmansee; María Touceda-Suárez; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Soil hydrolases and microbial biomass regulate wetland CO2 emissions under warming and water level reduction - Mengyuan Zhu; Yanyu Song; Yisong Feng; Mengting Li; Huanhuan Feng; Shouyang Luo; Wenwen Tan; Ning Chen; Guangying Zhao; Changchun Song (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Divergent regulation of nitrogen cycling genes under long-term organic and chemical fertilization in plateau cropland soils - Yingjun Ma; Keqiang Zhang; Shizhou Shen; Huiying Du; Fuyuan Liu; Xingliang Gao; Lianzhu Du; Wenxuan Gao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Waste-derived organic soil amendments for a sustainable vineyard management: Linking microbiome responses to soil biochemistry - Elena Biagi; Martina Mazzon; Eliana Musmeci; Paola Gioacchini; Anna Paesano; Fabio Fava; Claudio Ciavatta; Giulio Zanaroli; Claudio Marzadori (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Poplar–wheat intercropping and fertilizer application significantly improve soil bacterial community characteristic and nutrient contents - Cheng Xu; Xiaopeng Liu; Zhuangzhuang Qian; Tao Yang; Bo Wang; Xiaomin Ge; Luozhong Tang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Strong nutrient limitation of rhizosphere microorganisms lowers vegetable yield sensitivity to fertilization regimes - Donglan He; Wenjie Wan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Elucidating the suppressive role of native bacterial traits against root-knot nematodes to control plant-parasitic effect in serpentine hostile rhizosphere soil - Aslia Asif; Liang-Yu Lin; Ping-Chi Hsu; Suprokash Koner; Zeng-Yei Hseu; Tsui-Kang Hsu; Shih-Wei Huang; Bing-Mu Hsu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of patch-burn grazing on above- and belowground communities in invaded grasslands - Lennel A. Camuy-Vélez; Kevin Sedivec; Esben Kjaer; Torre Hovick; Samiran Banerjee (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Editorial Board (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Incorporating the vertical velocity in a coupled Lagrangian–Eulerian approach for particle transport in shallow flows - P. Vallés; J. Segovia-Burillo; M. Morales-Hernández; V. Roeber; P. García-Navarro (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Graph neural network for multi-physics geothermal simulation with discrete fracture network - Manojkumar Gudala; Bicheng Yan (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Continuous and discrete models for the dynamic behaviors description of suspended sediment-fluid system - Lian Wang; Yongchao Zhang; Xihua Chu; Hongguang Sun (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Numerical simulation of sediment erosion and transport using consistent particle method - X.Q. Tang; Umberto Alibrandi; C.G. Koh (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Impact of time and spatial discretization on adjoint operators: Example of stationary and transient saturated flows - Antoine Collet; Irina Sin; Hervé Chauris; Valérie Langlais; Olivier Regnault (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A hybrid Deep Forest surrogate model and Rime optimization algorithm (RIME) framework for groundwater contamination source identification (GCSI) - Yuanbo Ge; Jun Dong; Weihong Zhang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Influence of heterogeneous mixed-wettability evolution on different phases CO2 displacement and storage efficiency mechanisms: Based on pore structure characterization - Peizhai Cheng; Pingchuan Dong; Bingtao Yang; Youheng Zhang; Dongyang Ma; Junchang Mu; Zhenshuo Wang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A comparative study of deep learning-based simulation for geological CO2 sequestration - Zeeshan Tariq; Qirun Fu; Moataz O. Abu-Al-Saud; Xupeng He; Abdulrahman Manea; Thomas Finkbeiner; Hussein Hoteit; Bicheng Yan (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

DNS simulations of inertial flow phenomena in 3D intersecting rough fractures: Impact of roughness and intersection angle on non-linear flow regimes - Ghoulem Ifrene; Kuldeep Singh; Richard A. Schultz; Prasad Pothana; Neal Nagel; Sven Egenhoff (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Prediction of initial-time spontaneous imbibition of water coupled with fractal tortuosity and water loss in unsaturated low-permeability sandstone fractures - Yixin Zhao; Hua Shen; Jinbao Guo; Hua Bian; Chuanlong Dong; Liangchen Zhao; Hongrui Yang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A semi-analytical solution for modelling the impact on the water table at the pumping well location due to the influence of a finite-sized underground physical barrier in an inclined, homogenous and infinite aquifer - Benoît Dewandel; Sandra Lanini; Augustin Gouy; Nicolas Frissant (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Trapping and remobilization during geological CO2 storage: A pore-scale imaging and modeling study - Ramin Moghadasi; Sajjad Foroughi; Sepideh Goodarzi; Yihuai Zhang; Branko Bijeljic; Martin J. Blunt; Auli Niemi (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Mixed hybrid finite element method on CCAR grids in highly heterogeneous porous media - Davood Khoozan; Bahar Firoozabadi (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A finite-volume based physics-informed Fourier neural operator network for parametric learning of subsurface flow - Xia Yan; Jingqi Lin; Yafeng Ju; Qi Zhang; Zhao Zhang; Liming Zhang; Jun Yao; Kai Zhang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Numerical simulation of the effects of particle density and size on particle distribution in a laboratory-scale curved open-channel flow - Xinwei Huang; Yanlong Wang; Yihong Wu; Li Zeng; Bohan Wang; Rui Han (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Corrigendum to “On the attribution of annual maximum discharge across the conterminous United States” [Advances in Water Resources 171 (2023), 104360] - Hanbeen Kim; Gabriele Villarini (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Sediment-laden wastewater jet under the effect of linear regular waves - Ebenezer Otoo; Yongping Chen; Yan Zhou; Yuhang Chen; Zhenshan Xu; Jinghua Wang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Run-up characteristics of regular wave breaking on vegetated sloping beaches - Yanxu Wang; Quanlin Qiu; Zegao Yin; Guilin Yang; Xiutao Jiang; Xuan Zhang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Simplifications of macroscopic models for heat and mass transfer in porous media” [Adv. Water Res. 197 (2025) 104899] - Didier Lasseux; Francisco J. Valdés-Parada (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Estimating horizontal velocity in shallow aquifers from temperature perturbations in observation boreholes responding to pumping - Davide Furlanetto (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Pore-scale study on solute dispersion in the aqueous phase within unsaturated porous media” [Advances in Water Resources, 199 (2025) 104957] - Ruichang Guo; Lingzao Zeng; Qingqi Zhao; Cheng Chen (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media with a combined Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes technique - A.R. Khoei; E. Ahmadi; M.H. Tabatabaei (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Pore-scale evaluation of hydrogen storage and recovery in basaltic formations - Enoch Ibitogbe; Adedapo N. Awolayo (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Non-stationary frequency analysis of long-term convection permitting simulations reveals sub-daily extreme precipitation changes in central-southern Europe - Marco Lompi; Francesco Marra; Roberto Deidda; Enrica Caporali; Marco Borga; Eleonora Dallan (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Longitudinal dispersion coefficient based on hydraulic geometry of streams and rivers - Grenda Izabeli Menezes da Silva; Michael Mannich; Alondra Beatriz Alvarez Perez; Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Elastic wave propagation and attenuation through deformable porous media containing two immiscible fluids taking into account gravity effect - WeiCheng Lo (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Numerical analysis of migration and sequestration dynamics of dense liquid CO2 in offshore shallow saline aquifers - Yanyong Wang; Song Li; Vishnu Jayaprakash; Xiyi Peng; Jialin Shi; Jiatong Jiang (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

STONet: A neural operator for modeling solute transport in micro-cracked reservoirs - Ehsan Haghighat; Mohammad Hesan Adeli; S. Mohammad Mousavi; Ruben Juanes (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

A numerical study on dynamic flow past two tandem porous circular cylinders near a moving wall at Reynolds number of 150 - Hoang Quan Nguyen; Pramudita Satria Palar; Lavi Rizki Zuhal; Jhe-Kai Lin; Viet Dung Duong (Advances in Water Resources, 2025)

Analysis of tropical cyclone driven rainfall in the Arabian Sea and its coastal regions for the past two decades (2000–2020) - R. S. Akhila; J. Kuttippurath; A. Chakraborty (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Microplastic assessment of 33 marine finfish species from coastal communities on Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga - Siutiti Fe’ao; Eseta Drova; Vailala Matoto; Sioeli Afu; Patricia Kautoke; Viliami Fatongiatau; Joycinette Botleng; Rufino Varea; Jasha Dehm; Cherie Morris; Kelly T. Brown; Amanda K. Ford (Discover Oceans, 2025)

The seafloor footprint of offshore wind infrastructure in the United States Ocean - Brendan J. Runde; Avery B. Paxton (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Numerical hydrodynamic model of Awasan Bay, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines for tidal energy resource characterization - Louis Irwin Questo; Mark Anthony Rotor (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Analyzing socio-economic drivers and their influence on overfishing practices in the Sundarbans mangrove fisheries ecosystem - Mohammad Maksodul Haque; Partho Protim Barman; Mushfikur Rahman Tareque; Shreejon Barua; Md. Asadujjaman; Md. Mostafa Shamsuzzaman (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Glutaminase free L-asparaginase from seaweed associated Bacillus licheniformis with promising therapeutic potential - Doniya Elze Mathew; Shahrukh A. Siddiqui; Astha Soni; Anjana K. Vala; Pramod B. Shinde; Vaibhav A. Mantri (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Role of mesophotic ecosystems to preserve reef fish biodiversity under a climate change scenario in the eastern tropical Pacific - Omar Valencia-Méndez; Rosalía Aguilar-Medrano; Rafael A. Cabral-Tena; Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Marine algal pigments: potent neuroprotective agents for translational therapeutics - Kajal Jadhav; Shashi Bala Singh; Sagar Barage (Discover Oceans, 2025)

Nutrient uptake in Gracilaria corticata var. cylindrica with optimized AMPEP treatment under different nutrient conditions - Santlal Jaiswar; Chandan Kumar; Arti Bhojani; Digvijay Singh Yadav (Discover Oceans, 2025)