Gonadogenesis in Farmed Bivalves: Factors Driving Sex Differentiation and Gametogenesis - Ahmed Mokrani; Chenyu Shi; Pierre Boudry; Liliana Milani; Kazue Nagasawa; Hong Yu; Qi Li; Shikai Liu (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Optimization of aquaculture output requires a thorough assessment of growth and reproductive performance in farmed fish and shellfish, as a clear understanding of the reproductive trait regulation is essential for selective breeding programs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of gonadogenesis and its regulatory mechanisms in farmed bivalves, while highlighting key knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed. In the first section, we present an overview of germ cell and associated somatic cell development and interaction, review sex determination/differentiation, and describe the reproductive modes and gametogenic processes observed in these sessile organisms following sexual maturation. Secondly, we outline current knowledge of the mechanistic regulatory processes controlling these traits, including the roles of key genes, epigenetic control, and transcriptional regulators. Furthermore, we integrate recent molecular, cellular, and physiological findings, while critically highlighting key points where knowledge remains limited or incomplete, and where further validation and investigation are required. Finally, we summarize recent advances concerning the effect of external factors and elucidate how environmental factors such as water temperature, food availability, and chemical contaminants mechanistically affect gonadogenesis. Despite advancement and significant progress driven by hatchery technologies and sophisticated research methodologies, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between environmental and genetic factors shaping this peculiar process remains elusive. Future research incorporating multi‐omics approaches holds great promise for disentangling the genetic and regulatory architecture underlying gonadogenesis in these organisms, hence improving aquaculture production and breeding programs.

From Barriers to Breakthroughs: Toward Sustainable Artificial Reproduction in the Japanese Eel ( Anguilla japonica ) - Jincan Chen; Yilei Wang; Ziping Zhang; Yonghua Jiang (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
The Japanese eel ( Anguilla japonica ) displays a uniquely complex reproductive strategy shaped by its catadromous life cycle, protracted maturation, and extreme sensitivity to environmental cues. Despite decades of research, key regulatory mechanisms governing its reproduction remain unresolved. This review first establishes the biological and ecological foundations of the Japanese eel reproduction, then examines major biological and technical barriers to successful captive breeding, followed by an integration of current knowledge on neuroendocrine control, pathways of sex differentiation, and the physiological and molecular bases of artificial maturation. Emphasis is placed on both established mechanisms and emerging hypotheses, with particular attention to their implications for aquaculture. By identifying critical knowledge gaps, we highlight priorities for future research essential to both species conservation and the development of sustainable breeding technologies. These insights provide a foundation for optimizing hormonal induction protocols, improving larval performance, and refining nutritional management across life stages, particularly for broodstock conditioning and early larval development, thereby enabling more reliable and scalable closed‐cycle aquaculture for Japanese eel.

Dietary Supplements and Biological Performance in Abalone: A Systematic Evidence Map - Rebecca L. Pedler; Matthew S. Bansemer; James O. Harris; Ondi L. Crino; Malgorzata Lagisz (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Abalone in the genus Haliotis are economically important for aquaculture. Abalone naturally graze on macroalgae; however, they are increasingly fed formulated pellets that lack essential nutrients in aquaculture. Dietary supplements may increase abalone growth performance, immunity, survival, and market traits. Despite these advantages, there has been limited industry uptake, which can be influenced by a lack of formal evidence synthesis on the topic. Here, we provide the first systematic evidence map summarizing global research on the effects of dietary supplements on biological performance in abalone, based on 143 studies meeting inclusion criteria. China‐affiliated researchers authored most articles while Australia and New Zealand had disproportionately high, and South Korea disproportionately low contribution relative to production, which may have been influenced by indexing and linguistic restrictions. Algal and/or diatom meals were the most tested dietary supplements (19.6%), with most efforts focused on Ulva spp. supplementation. Vitamins were also intensively researched (18.2%), with emphasis on those that are water soluble. Growth performance and survival were the most frequently assessed outcomes (72.0% and 58.0% respectively). Consumer‐focused traits, such as sensory attributes and abalone colour, were measured by less than 10% of articles, suggesting a bias toward production‐centric outcomes. No studies provided raw data, source code, or pre‐registered protocols, and future abalone research should adopt best practices for data credibility. Our map provides direction for future empirical studies and meta‐analyses by highlighting research trends, gaps, and evidence clusters, which will assist in greater translation of research on dietary supplements to the abalone industry.

Life Cycle Assessments of Bivalve Aquaculture: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis - Mausam Budhathoki; Stephanie Horn; Sujita Pandey; Manali Chakraborty; Daniel Taylor; Richard Newton; Per Dolmer; Marianne Thomsen (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Bivalve aquaculture is generally considered a low‐impact food system with ecosystem co‐benefits. Yet its net contributions to climate change (CC), eutrophication (E), and broader ecosystem stewardship remain uncertain. To address this, we analyzed 31 life cycle assessment studies of bivalve farming. Reported impacts varied substantially. Median values were 385 kg CO 2 ‐eq t −1 for CC (interquartile range [IQR]: 164–612.2), 0.25 kg PO 4 3− ‐eq t −1 for E (IQR: 0.15–0.49), 0.014 kg N‐eq t −1 for marine eutrophication (ME) (IQR: 0.00–0.50), 1.86 kg SO 2 ‐eq t −1 for acidification (A) (IQR: 0.56–6.26), and 10,772 MJ t −1 for energy demand (ED) (IQR: 7231–16,383). High‐impact processes were mainly linked to electricity and fuel use, plastic infrastructure, and transport. Reported co‐benefits included nutrient removal and potential carbon storage in shells. Regression analysis showed that methodological choices influenced CC and ME, whereas species differences were significant only for ME. Meta‐analysis revealed high heterogeneity across studies ( I 2 = 90% for CC and 85% for E). Distinct species patterns emerged. Mussels showed lower CC but variable E outcomes. Oysters showed moderate CC but relatively higher E burdens. Clam showed more variable results and was sensitive to carbon accounting assumptions. Accounting for shell carbon sequestration influenced CC but had little effect on E. Overall, bivalve aquaculture shows variability across studies. Outcomes are strongly influenced by methodological choices and species differences. Claims of climate neutrality remain sensitive to methodology and should be evaluated alongside nutrient trade‐offs. Standardized methods and broader geographic coverage are needed for robust sustainability assessments and comparisons.

Agro‐Leadership Model in the Aquaculture Sector in Mexico - Antonia Terán‐Bustamante; Antonieta Martínez‐Velasco; Evelia López‐Meza (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
This research aims to analyze leadership for innovation in the Mexican aquaculture sector. The main characteristics of aquaculture producers in the Mezquital Valley of Hidalgo State have been identified and grouped according to an Agro‐leadership profile. The methodological strategy uses machine learning techniques. The data were obtained from a questionnaire of 40 owners or representatives of aquaculture farms. The results show that most leaders with the characteristics of the Agro‐leadership model directly influence innovative products, processes, managers, and marketing. According to the developed model, the most relevant factors are seeking solutions to problems, leadership grounded in personal values, establishing connections among leaders, and providing opportunities for others' personal and professional development. These results provide empirical evidence for decision‐making, both for entrepreneurs in the sector seeking to strengthen their innovation capacity and for public policymakers designing targeted support programs, by highlighting the fundamental role of values‐based leadership and collaborative networks in transforming aquaculture practices.

Emerging Viruses in Decapod Crustaceans: A Global Review - Xuan Dong; Guohao Wang; Kejun Wang; Kaisong Zhang; Hua Xu; Liying Wang; Xuan Li; Liang Qiu; Win Surachetpong; Jing Wang; Jee Eun Han; Kathy F. J. Tang; et al. (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Due to its advantages of a short production cycle, wide market demand, and profitability, decapod crustacean aquaculture has become one of the fastest‐growing food production systems. However, disease outbreaks have become one of the most important factors limiting the sustainability of decapod crustaceans. This review synthesizes current advancements in the understanding of emerging viral pathogens in decapod crustacean aquaculture, with emphasis on their genomic‐based taxonomical classification, susceptible hosts, global distribution, clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic developments, and management strategies. This paper summarizes details of emerging viruses with confirmed pathogenicity (such as decapod iridescent virus 1), as well as viruses with uncertain or yet‐unconfirmed pathogenic roles. In addition, we highlight the role of next‐generation sequencing in virus discovery and examine the challenges posed by coinfection with other microorganisms. This review provides information to help the decapod crustacean aquaculture industry in setting up early warning systems to prevent the introduction of emerging pathogens into the production systems.

Does Size Grading Improve Fish Farming? Evidence From a Meta‐Analysis - Chenchen Wu; Ze Zhu; Yanci Wen; Songming Zhu; Ying Liu; Kai Liu; Yi‐Jia Shih; Zhangying Ye; Xingguo Liu; Jian Zhao (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Size grading, sorting a cohort into more homogeneous size classes, is widely used in aquaculture and presumed to enhance production efficiency. However, reported effects on fish growth are inconsistent. To address this uncertainty, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis spanning 32 species to systematically evaluate the effect of size grading on fish growth and to identify key moderators of this effect. Overall, size grading reduced the average specific growth rate (SGR) by 4.50%. Species personality type (aggressive vs. docile) was the most important among the moderators tested: grading significantly reduced average SGR in docile species but had no effect in aggressive ones; and in both aggressive and docile species, the effect of grading depended positively on the initial variation coefficient (IVC). We emphasized that aggressive behaviour is closely associated with the effects above and pointed out the role of IVC between frequency of aggressive behaviour (FAB) and daily food intake (DFI) in aggressive species. We also found size grading had opposing effects on changes in size heterogeneity, which is beneficial for aggressive but not docile species. Besides, while size grading significantly reduced cannibalism rate (CR) in both personality types, it was at the cost of overall SGR. Therefore, size grading may not be advisable for docile species due to growth suppression. For aggressive species, size grading generally reduces overall production, but it is recommended from an individual quality standpoint, provided a moderate size heterogeneity is maintained.

Tracing a Decade of Tilapia Lake Virus Research: Breakthroughs, Challenges, and Projections - Dorothea V. Megarani; Christopher J. Martyniuk; Roy P. E. Yanong; Felipe Pierezan; Win Surachetpong; Kuttichantran Subramaniam (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Tilapia are one of the most farmed fish groups worldwide, with global production exceeding 6.55 million tons in 2022, generating an estimated market value of approximately USD 20.9 billion. Tilapia are favored for their fast growth rate, adaptability to various farming environments, and high nutritional value as a protein source. However, the tilapia industry has encountered a significant challenge with the emergence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), first noted in 2014. This highly contagious virus has the potential to devastate tilapia populations, leading to substantial economic losses and raising serious concerns about food security in countries reliant on this fish for livelihoods and sustenance. The rapid spread of TiLV and its significant impact on the tilapia industry have led to widespread concerns among stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers. In response, there has been an increasing focus on research and development of effective strategies to control and manage TiLV infections. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the substantial advancements in the understanding of TiLV, delving into its genetic variation and manipulation, molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission pathways, clinical signs, diagnosis, and the underlying pathogenesis of the virus. Additionally, we summarize the current knowledge on the potential impact of TiLV on the global tilapia industry and the measures being implemented to control its spread. Finally, we discuss ongoing scientific efforts toward the development of vaccines and other innovative strategies for effectively managing TiLV infections, highlighting the importance of continued research to secure the future of tilapia aquaculture on a global scale.

Elucidating the Immunological Basis of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea Offers New Strategies for Its Disease Management - Yinnan Mu; Weini Zhang; Pan Qin; Wenxing Li; Zhengwei Cui; Yang Ding; Jingqun Ao; Jiangtao Gao; Xinhua Chen (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea is a major mariculture species in China, achieving an annual yield of 292,615 tons by 2024. Commercial production faces considerable challenges from disease outbreaks, necessitating comprehensive immune mechanism research. Through comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic investigations, scientists have identified distinguishing characteristics within the L. crocea immune system, encompassing robust innate defense mechanisms, marked by the expansion of pattern recognition receptor lineages, antimicrobial peptide gene families, and antiviral defense‐related genes, and well‐developed adaptive immune capabilities. The current review outlines the molecular foundations underlying immune responses in L. crocea , highlighting the cooperative interplay between innate and adaptive defense systems when confronting pathogenic threats and environmental fluctuations. It bridges basic scientific inquiry with practical aquaculture implementation, exploring disease control strategies. Available evidence indicates possibilities for strengthening disease resistance through precision immunomodulation and improved aquaculture methods. Priority research areas encompass elucidating host‐pathogen relationships and establishing practical disease prevention protocols for industrial‐scale operations.

Toward Sustainable Rainbow Trout Lipid Nutrition: A Systematic Review of Lipid Optimization Strategies in Controlled Conditions - Rosendo L. Azcuy; Alejandro Villasante; Susana Perelman; Matías E. Casaretto; Patricio Dantagnan; Gabriel A. Morales; Stefanie Colombo (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Replacing fish oil (FO) in feeds remains a challenge for aquaculture sustainability. While experimental studies have evaluated the effects of alternative lipids on fillet long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) in rainbow trout, a quantitative synthesis of these effects is lacking. Here, 119 experimental diets from 29 controlled studies were synthesized through a statistical framework combining linear mixed‐effects models (LMM), generalized additive models (GAM), and leave‐one‐study‐out validation. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) consistently predicted fillet DHA and EPA concentrations, independent of growth rate and not significantly influenced by temperature or lipid level. While growth performance was unaffected by FO replacement, LC‐PUFA deposition was not equivalent across lipid origins: FO and vegetable‐based diets supported steeper diet‐to‐fillet transfer slopes compared to animal‐derived lipids. GAMs revealed non‐linear thresholds, with active deposition occurring only when dietary LC‐PUFA exceeded near 10 mg g −1 and the dietary n‐6:n‐3 ratio remained below approximately 4. Temperature, modelled linearly, showed no significant effect on fillet LC‐PUFA deposition within the analysed dataset. These results demonstrate that FO can be reduced without compromising growth, but not without reformulating LC‐PUFA supply and precursor balance. Successful FO replacement is therefore a formulation problem rather than an ingredient substitution issue. Emerging sources such as algal oils or engineered oilseeds represent a viable pathway toward sustainable feeds delivering nutritionally valuable fillets. The identified dietary thresholds provide practical guidance for feed formulation by defining minimum LC‐PUFA inclusion levels and n‐6:n‐3 ratios required to achieve target fillet EPA and DHA concentrations under controlled temperature conditions.

Multi‐Stressor Responses in Marine Bivalves: Integrating Climate Change, Pollutants, and Microbiome Shifts for Aquaculture Resilience - Faisal Ahmad Lodhi; Fahim Ullah Khan; Aabid Ullah Khan; Jae‐Seong Lee; Muhammad Abbas; Hanafiah Fazhan; Khor Waiho; Menghong Hu; Youji Wang (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Marine bivalves play pivotal ecological and economic roles but are increasingly challenged by multiple environmental stressors. Although there is extensive research on the effects of individual stressors, a comprehensive review is needed to synthesize current evidence and clarify how multiple interacting stressors collectively affect the physiology and resilience of marine bivalves. This review integrates evidence from 2010 to 2025, encompassing 178 peer‐reviewed studies emphasizing the combined and interactive impacts of climate change drivers (warming, hypoxia, salinity, and ocean acidification), pollutants (heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, nanoparticles, microplastics), and microbiome shifts on future aquaculture resilience. Literature was systematically retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Bibliometric mapping (VOSviewer 1.6.20) revealed a rapid growth in research after 2018, characterized by studies on Mytilus , Crassostrea , and Ruditapes . A systematic evaluation of recent evidence was conducted, combining data from physiological, molecular, and microbial studies, with particular attention to implications for aquaculture. The analysis reveals that stressors rarely act alone. Instead, their cumulative and interactive effects cause oxidative stress, disrupted energy allocation, destabilized host‐microbe relationships, lowered tolerance thresholds, and other eco‐physiological consequences. These results highlight the vulnerability of bivalve populations to rapid coastal urbanization, declining water quality, and sediment contamination. The review concludes that resilience can be enhanced through selective breeding for stress‐tolerant genotypes, integrated monitoring of pollutants and microbial indicators, and multi‐omics approaches to guide adaptive aquaculture management.

Epigenetic Plasticity of Fish Pigmentation Under Environmental Stress: A Gene–Environment–Epigenetic Interaction Model - Rabia Tahir; Songlin Cai; Samra; Fozia Afzal; Jinliang Hou; Lingxiao Wang; Ayesha Arif; Mohamed Aboraya; Zhiyi Zhang; Jing Ke; Xin Hou; Jun Wang; et al. (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Fish pigmentation exhibits remarkable plasticity, enabling rapid and long‐term phenotypic adjustments in response to environmental stressors. We propose a gene–environment–epigenetic (G × E × Ep) interaction model that integrates environmental cues, neuroendocrine signaling, and multilayered epigenetic regulation to explain dynamic pigmentation outcomes. Key mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non‐coding RNAs, modulate pigment cell differentiation, distribution, and patterning in a context‐dependent manner, while involving α‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), melanocyte‐concentrating hormone (MCH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to relay environmental signals to epigenetic machinery. Emerging genome‐wide and single‐cell epigenomic approaches, together with CRISPR/dCas9‐based epigenome editing, now enable precise mapping and functional validation of these pathways. Adaptive pigmentation enhances ecological fitness, but environmental stress can trigger maladaptive, potentially heritable changes. Importantly, integrating epigenetic knowledge with husbandry practices offers actionable strategies to rescue or stabilize pigmentation under stress, such as environmental modulation, dietary supplementation, and targeted broodstock selection. We identify critical gaps regarding the stability, tissue specificity, and transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks and propose a roadmap for applying multilayered epigenomic insights to sustainable aquaculture, ornamental fish management, and climate‐resilient breeding programs.

From Oligotrophic to Hypertrophic: A Trophic‐State Analogy for Classifying Aquaponic and Bioponic Systems - Ranka Junge (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)

Industry Development and Diseases in the Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture Industry - Frank Asche; Bård Misund; Tonje Osmundsen; Cecilie S. Walde; Edgar Brun; Mattew DiMaggio; Taryn M. Garlock; Brit Hjeltnes; Marit S. Olsen; Ragnar Tveteras (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Norwegian salmon aquaculture production has grown rapidly since the 1970s. Accompanying the growing production have been a number of disease challenges of which at least two of the outbreaks threatened the industry's existence. The challenges caused by disease may appear to become more serious as the number of diseases being diagnosed and measures taken by the companies and regulators to manage disease increase. We will review the development of the industry and how diseases have impacted economic viability, the impact of the most important diseases and their control measures as well as the development of the governance and regulatory system in relation to disease. Despite the many disease challenges faced by the industry, we will argue that it has never been in a better position to address these issues and the disease cost per kilo of fish has most likely never been lower. When the industry originated in the 1970s, the knowledge with respect to disease in relation to salmon, such as how to diagnose, prevent or control them, was highly limited. The growth of the industry created a corresponding demand for veterinary knowledge and services, and these have been rapidly growing alongside the industry. This veterinary capacity facilitates the identification of new diseases and the development of novel control measures created with increasing efficiency. However, challenges with diseases will persist, as in all biological production processes, as it is normally not economically optimal to eradicate any disease if this is possible at all.

The Roles of SOCS in Teleost Immunity: Cytokine Regulation and Host Defense - Ying Zhang; Li Yang; Xiuying Cui; Feng Gao; Yanjing Zhao; Xianghui Kong (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family comprises key regulatory molecules which are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis in vertebrates. Owing to a teleost‐specific whole‐genome duplication event, SOCS family members exhibit higher diversity and significant functional differentiation, forming a complex and precise immune regulatory network. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of SOCS‐mediated cytokine regulation and host defense mechanisms in teleosts. SOCS proteins, particularly SOCS1 and SOCS3, exert dual regulatory effects in antiviral and antibacterial immunity as well as in inflammatory balance by negatively modulating key pathways such as JAK/STAT and NF‐κB, exemplifying their “double‐edged sword” role. Moreover, we provide the first comprehensive synthesis of environmental regulation of SOCS expression in teleosts, integrating emerging evidence on how to modulate SOCS levels after temperature stress, neuroendocrine activation via cortisol, hypoxia, and chemical pollutants and how to link environmental conditions to immune competence. This environmental perspective supplies direct implications for understanding stress‐induced immunosuppression in aquaculture. Finally, we discuss the potential application of targeting SOCS signaling in aquaculture practices, including applications in disease‐resistant breeding, vaccine development, and immunostimulant design. In‐depth understanding of SOCS diversity and function in fish will provide novel molecular insights and innovative strategies for precise disease control and sustainable aquaculture.

Aquaculture Gamete Update: A Virtual Special Issue - Deepali Rahi Roy (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2026)
Aquaculture relies heavily on the controlled reproduction of aquatic species, making gametes—sperm and egg—an inevitable part of a successful breeding program. This virtual special issue compiles 45 articles published between 2009 and the present that collectively advance our understanding of gamete production, quality, availability, preservation, and manipulation in aquaculture species. The issue aims to assemble fragmented knowledge on functional biology, preservation techniques, and molecular mechanisms while bridging knowledge gaps across diverse taxa. To provide a coherent framework, the selected articles are divided into three major themes addressing fundamental concepts, recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives.

A review of rare earth elements as emerging marine pollutants and their impacts on invertebrates and macroalgae mediated biosorption - Saereh Mohammadpour; Hossein Mohammadpour (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Implementing Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in IOT enabled (Wireless Sensor Nodes) WSNs creating a digital blockchain of things - Swarnajit Bhattacharya (Discover Networks, 2026)

Research evolution in security involved for quantum computing and machine learning through scientometric review analysis - Basil Hanafi; Mohammad Ali (Discover Networks, 2026)

A reinforcement learning framework for self-healing fault recovery in intent-based SDNs - E. H. Makiyah; M. N. Rasool; F. A. Rawdhan (Discover Networks, 2026)

Diversity and diazotrophic potential of culturable bacteria associated with the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii - Sweeta Peter Emerson; Seena Jose; Aparna Prasamsa Golla; Akash Kumar; Sri Sailaja Nori; Shrikumar Suryanarayanan; I. S. Bright Singh; Valsamma Joseph (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Global assessment of financial mechanisms supporting blue livelihoods and sustainable development in coastal and marine fishing communities - Subrata Gorain; Suman Dutta; Abhilash Thapa; P. Seenivasan; A. Suresh (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Criticality aware behavioural intrusion detection for XACML integrated virtual ward IoMT systems - Fan Zhang; Senrun Zhi; Haoyuan Chen; Bernard Butler (Discover Networks, 2026)

Challenges and opportunities of seaweed supply chain in mainland Tanzania - Robert Eliakim Katikiro; Angelina Michael (Discover Oceans, 2026)

First record of the pebble crab Alox chaunos from India - Krupal J. Patel; Heris Patel; Santanu Mitra; Jigneshkumar N. Trivedi (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Conversational intelligence framework for secure and energy-efficient wireless sensor networks - Sauvik Bal; Lopa Mandal (Discover Networks, 2026)

Securing campus networks with intelligence: a review of machine learning techniques for ddos and arp protection - Kirungi Richard; Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq; Venkateswarlu Maniniti (Discover Networks, 2026)
The increasing digitization of academic environments has made campus networks essential for learning, research, and administration; however, these networks are highly vulnerable to evolving cyber threats. Among these threats, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks pose significant risks to network availability, integrity, and confidentiality. Traditional rule-based and signature-based intrusion detection systems are limited by their static nature and poor adaptability to the dynamic traffic patterns typical of campus networks. This review systematically examines Machine Learning (ML) techniques for detecting and preventing DDoS and ARP attacks. Guided by the PRISMA framework, a total of 110 studies were selected from 206 peer-reviewed papers published from 2020 to 2025. Supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid ML models utilizing algorithms such as Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, and CNN-LSTM ensembles demonstrate high detection accuracy and robust anomaly modeling under real-time, resource-constrained conditions. Integration with Software-Defined Networking (SDN), federated learning, and edge computing enhances scalability, privacy preservation, and low-latency mitigation. Despite these advances, challenges remain in dataset representativeness, model generalization, interpretability, computational overhead, and the development of unified frameworks capable of simultaneously mitigating volumetric DDoS, application-layer attacks, and Layer-2 ARP spoofing. Emerging approaches, such as reinforcement learning and explainable AI, offer promise for adaptive, zero-day, and adversarial threat mitigation. The review highlights the need for modular, context-aware, and scalable ML frameworks validated on real campus traffic to enable resilient and operationally feasible intrusion detection and prevention. These insights provide a foundation for designing secure, adaptive, and intelligent network defense strategies in modern campus environments.

New insights into the diversity of Scopalinida (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific - Eric Bautista-Guerrero; Maria Fernanda Marin-Ramirez; José Luis Carballo; Alma Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso; Jeimy Denisse Santiago-Valentín (Discover Ecology, 2026)
The genus Svenzea Alvarez, van Soest & Rützler, 2002 is a widely distributed marine sponge group in the Caribbean and South Atlantic coralline areas, and even in the Indo-Pacific regions, with no previous records in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Using a comprehensive taxonomic and molecular approach, a new species and the first record of a marine sponge from the genus Svenzea distributed in the ETP is described herein. Svenzea marialmae sp. nov. is an abundant species widely distributed over semi-shaded substrates in the coral communities of the Mexican Pacific area. Morphologically, it is a thickly encrusting sponge characterized by its bright orange color, a microscopically hispid surface, and a cavernous structure supported by spongin fibers cored with slightly curved styles. Molecular analyses of independent mitochondrial (COI) and ribosomal (18S) loci demonstrate that the new species is clustered with other members of the genus Svenzea and is recovered as a sister group with Scopalina Schmidt, 1862, and Stylissa Hallmann, 1914, all of which are included in the family Scopalinidae. Notably, this species constitutes a new Scopalinida, and the first documented record of the genus Svenzea within the extended geographical area of the ETP.

Corrigendum to “Microbial diversity and residue quality interactively drive soil carbon priming via CAZyme regulation and necromass decomposition” [Appl. Soil Ecol. 218 (2026) 106671] - He Sun; Haofei Zhang; Chang Liu; Yiru Wang; Xuemei Hu; Siyuan Wang; Yajun Gao; Jiamin Xiao; Keke Jin; Likun Wu; Zhefei Li; Gehong Wei; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Changes of soil nematode communities affect the soil labile phosphorus under nitrogen addition in Pinus taiwanensis forests - Chenxing Lian; Qiufang Zhang; Xiaoqing Zhang; Mengli Liu; Quanxin Zeng; Yaping Lin; Jiaohong Lu; Hao Sun; Huizhi Pi; Mengxiao Ren; Xiaochun Yuan; Juyan Cui; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Short-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation induced residue of phthalate esters and changes of soil microbial community - Yu Wang; Leilei Xiang; Xin Wen; Xiaolu Zhang; Chenggang Gu; Yongrong Bian; Xin Jiang; Martin Elsner; Gerd Dercon; Fang Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Optimization of nitrogen-soil microbial interactions to regulate carbon and nitrogen footprints and enhance yield sustainability in maize fields - Tiantian Meng; Jingjing Shi; Xiangqian Zhang; Xiaoyu Zhao; Xiaorong Wu; Meiren Rong; Yanan Liu; Xingxing Guo; Shuli Wei; Yongfeng Ren; Zhanyuan Lu; Jianwei Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Contrasting effects of microplastics on N2O emission and denitrifiers in two agricultural soils - Fengxiao Zhu; Aoyu Zhou; Yuqing Ding; Haojie Wang; Sha Chang; Ya Li; Huan He (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Sampling techniques for extended soil microbiological studies: a review and a proposal for unified guidelines - Lino Sciurba; Luca Settanni; Riccardo Scalenghe (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Microbial drivers of enhanced nitrogen use efficiency and concurrent N2O emissions in a garlic–rice rotation system - Yanqiu Chen; Zhitao Hu; Chengyang Ji; Wenwen Song; Xin Ni; Chunlian Jin; Yong Chen; Fei Deng; Xiaolong Lei; Youfeng Tao; Hong Cheng; Wanjun Ren; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Exacerbation of microbial phosphorus limitation in cadmium-contaminated soil under maize-rape rotation - Jiaxin Chen; Jieyi Yu; Tingxuan Li; Huagang Huang; Keji Wang; Lu Zhang; Daihua Ye; Xizhou Zhang; Yongdong Wang; Tao Liu; Haiying Yu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Long-term straw substitution for chemical fertilizers promotes an increase in phosphorus availability in greenhouse soils by modulating the microbial community structure - Diwen Yang; Ling Ma; Leixin Yu; Tianqi Wang; He Gao; Yue Liu; Lijuan Yang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil pH-driven niche differentiation between phoD- and pqqC-harboring communities and its implications for phosphorus availability in acidic red soils - Zengwei Feng; Hong Gao; Meng Chen; Xiaolin Xie; Guojian Ye; Yongqiang Qin; Guangda Feng; Mingrong Deng; Qing Yao; Honghui Zhu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Graphene oxide aggravates flumetsulam-induced impairment of soil health indicators: insights from earthworm tissue damage, oxidative stress, and transcriptomic profiles - Chengbo Lu; Xiaole Wang; Tifen Shan; Bing Li; Zhongkun Du; Jun Wang; Jinhua Wang; Lusheng Zhu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Linkages of wheat growth to temporal dynamics and networks of rhizosphere core microbial community and functional genes under cover crop - Yang Liu; Yi Xu; Mengmeng Wen; Shouguo Li; Fazhu Zhao; Jun Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Dynamics and interplays of rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolites in Sedum lineare under water withholding - Chen Xu; Dafang Fu; Bin Hu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Vertical spatial patterns in CO2-fixing potential and metabolic pathways of autotrophic microorganisms in subtropical forest soils - Xinran Wang; Jun Zhu; Qingling Fu; Hongqing Hu; Qiaoyun Huang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil legacy effects in soybean intercropping enhance tobacco resistance to Fusarium root rot - Yuhao Dai; Chengzhi Wen; Zhijun Cheng; Zipeng Gao; Zhihui Wang; Peng Zhao; Mingshi Ding; Zhen Yang; Qiming Zhou; Jinpeng Gu; Dingguo Han; Lei Yang; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

A trade-off between warming responses and ozone sensitivity in nodulating versus non-nodulating soybean rhizosphere nitrogen cycling - Enzhu Hu; Weiwei Zhang; Yating Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Long-term organic amendments accelerate straw decomposition via specialized microbial enrichment in greenhouse vegetable soils - Long Ma; Shaowen Huang; Dali Song; Chao Ai; Ruonan Li; Liying Wang; Ping He; Wei Zhou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Divergent impacts of biodegradable and conventional microplastics on soil health and metal mobility in Cd/As-contaminated soils under diverse farming practices - Yuxiang Yang; Yongsheng Tian; Jiahao Wang; Long Zhang; Jizi Wu; Xiaokai Zhang; Jie Wang; Keli Zhao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nitrogen fertilization shapes rhizosphere microbiome to boost peanut yield: A two-year field study - Xiangjun Kong; Peipei Jia; Lijie Li; Ali Muhammad; Rui Wang; Aziz Khan; Jaya Nepal; Fei Li; Zhiyong Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Insights on enhancing the microbial degradation potential under high-temperature conditions to remediate aged PAH-contaminated soils - Lei Tang; Zhenkai Ma; Mengyuan Wang; Bonface Oginga; Jiashuo Wang; Yixin Yuan; Rongxin Lv; Chao Qin; Xuwen Chen; Wanting Ling (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Effects of polyethylene macro-plastics on soil physical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial communities under mulched drip irrigation within cotton fields - Yue Wen; Wenhao Li; Feihu Yin; Jian Liu; Jinzhu Zhang; Zhenhua Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Bacillus velezensis HAB-2 enhances rubber tree seedling growth and induces resistance to foliar diseases - Tianlong Qi; Nan Sun; Wei Wei; Xi Wei; Jinpeng Lu; Xinlong Wang; Qingbiao Xie; Pengfei Jin; Justice Norvienyeku; Wenbo Liu; Weiguo Miao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

How does soil texture mediate the impacts of antibiotic residues in manure on soil nitrogen cycling communities and nitrogen dynamics? - Zhongchen Yang; Jan Willem van Groenigen; Bjorn J.A. Berendsen; Laurent Philippot; Sana Romdhane; Milou G.M. van de Schans; Gerlinde B. De Deyn (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Microplastic and trace element co-occurrence in cropping systems: Implications for soil properties and microbial communities - Andrés Pinto-Poblete; Mégane Noyer; Hervé Capiaux; Thierry Lebeau; Mauricio Schoebitz (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil nitrogen cycling dynamics in a poplar-vegetated land application system under long-term wastewater irrigation - Abigail K. Kargol; Stuti Dahal; Heidi L. Gough (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Legume intercropping in tea plantations modulates soil microbiome for enhanced profitability: A mechanistic link to economic returns - Guangyun Cao; Xia Zhou; Guoyu Zhao; Jiayong Qin; Xiuju Yang; Qinghui Zeng; Linhong Jin (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Compartment-specific assembly and functional characterization of the bacterial microbiome in a Pinus radiata- Lactarius deliciosus plantation system - Jing Yuan; Yanliang Wang; Xueqiong Zhang; Zhuyue Yan; Ran Wang; Chengmo Yang; Xinhua He; Jesús Pérez-Moreno; Fuqiang Yu; Yi Zheng (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Moderate incorporation of fermented Jerusalem artichoke straw enhances chili pepper growth by shaping rhizosphere bacterial community and metabolic profiles - Haiwang Zhang; Xiaoqiang Wei; Xuemei Sun; Zhu Sun; Lihui Wang; Shipeng Yang; Yi Li; Qiwen Zhong (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Microbial adaptations to stoichiometric imbalance mediate carbon release along an elevational gradient - Shujuan Guo; Lingge Zheng; Wenjun Zhang; Chao He; Sai Jia; Baogang Wang; Yadong Xu; Jinyong Huang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Conversion of croplands to wetlands repartitions nitrogen loss pathways by altering substrate availability - Xiaokun Yu; Tingyu Fan; Hongzhi Xiang; Liangji Xu; Shun Wang; Xingming Wang; Bing Li; Changde Yang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Recent advances in machine/deep learning frameworks for biochar application in soil amendment and remediation - Muhammad Waqas; Mohsin Nawaz; Rongli Yang; Waseem Tariq; Muhammad Nauman Tahir; Shakeel Ahmad (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Catalysts for enhanced nitrogen utilisation in vineyards of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia: Screening core rhizosphere nitrogen-cycling microbiota - Jingkai Pan; Mengyuan Wei; Jinyu Yang; Chenshu Sun; Xinming Zhou; Yang Li; Tingting Ma; Yulin Fang; Xiangyu Sun (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Carbon availability and redox potential regulate carbon mineralization in peat soils under contrasting moisture regimes - Guangyuan Xu; Jiye Cai; Yuting Wang; Yang Wang; Junxiao Pan; Zucheng Wang; Hongkai Li; Yanmin Dong; Shasha Liu; Ziping Liu; Zhiwei Xu; Shengzhong Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Vegetation restoration drives a shift from plant-derived to microbial-derived soil organic carbon accumulation in a semi-arid sandy land in China - Jiannan Lu; Yuqiang Li; Xuyang Wang; Chengzhuo Zheng; Jie Lian; Xueyong Zhao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Potential applications, mechanisms and influencing factors of sulfate-reducing bacteria in soil and groundwater bioremediation: A review - Yong Chen; Sunyin Wang; Jun Gu; Manjun Zhan; Ran Yu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Drought and waterlogging reduce microbial carbon use efficiency through diversity loss and metabolite reorganization - Yinhao Liao; Xiangjun Pei; Lihong Zhou; Shengjie Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Synergy and antagonism: Differential responses of soil environmental factors under antibiotic pollution - Ling Wang; Kunlong Hui; Dong Wang; Jie Sun; Ying Yuan; Wenbing Tan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Methodological approaches for identifying rhizosphere bacteria and fungi: A systematic review of comparative insights and best practices - Vicks S. Mbhele; Lara Donaldson; Admire R. Dzvene; Charles S. Mutengwa (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nutrient supply shapes fungal community structure and co-occurrence networks in biocrusts: Key roles of intermediate and rare taxa - Lina Zhao; Wenjing Zhang; Zongyi Jiao; Mingyang Geng; Yage Li; Yafeng Han; Zhe Zhao; Shaobin Gu; Xinrong Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Sustainable land use and agricultural management enhance arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and soil health - Huaisong Wang; Juntong Zhu; Mingming Wang; Lei Zhang; Ying Gao; Lianxuan Shi; Jixun Guo; Rui Guo; Tao Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Influences and underlying mechanisms of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with different organic amendments on soil nitrogen mineralization in red soil - Jiajun Lin; Yun Chen; Jiajun Lai; Jiying Peng; Xiaolong Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Biocrusts enhance nitrogen fixation and mineralization, increasing soil nitrogen availability and uptake by dryland shrubs - Dexun Qiu; Bo Xiao; Giora J. Kidron (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Responses of greenhouse gases emissions from wetland soils to the interactive effects of nitrogen input and warming in Sanjiang Plain, China - Yisong Feng; Wenkai Mei; Yanyu Song; Fangcong Fu; Mengyuan Zhu; Shouyang Luo; Changchun Song (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Intercropping enhances soil organic carbon accumulation by modulating microbial interactions in saline-alkali soils - Lijun Zhang; Guixiang Zhou; Jiabao Zhang; Lin Chen; Congzhi Zhang; Donghao Ma; Hui Zhang; Jian Feng; Mingfeng Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

A win–win strategy for balancing yield and CO2 emissions via shifts from r- to K-strategists in a mulched bamboo plantation - Tingting Cao; Quan Li; Meng Lei; Jiahui Zeng; Jiarui Fu; Simin Wang; Man Shi; Zhikang Wang; Xinzhang Song (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Invasion adaptation of Chromolaena odorata in karst ecosystems driven by shifts in rhizosphere soil bacterial nitrogen-cycling genes - Shuhui Tan; Zhongfeng Zhang; Longwu Zhou; Shihong Lyv; Qiumei Teng; Meiyan Qin; Xiaopian Xie; Saichun Tang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nitrogen inhibitors enhance ecosystem multifunctionality through microbial networks in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau - Fang-Kun Yang; Peng-Yang Wang; Ze-Yang Liu; Fu-Ying Niu; Cheng-Yi Xie; Yi-Ming Gao; Yan-Mei Ma; Yu-Xing Wang; Jia-Cheng Guo; Wen-Ying Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Interactions between polypropylene microplastics and emerging contaminants increase soil respiration and alter microbial community structure - Lama Ramadan; Christina Papazlatani; Gregg Roelofs; Kyle Mason-Jones; Étienne Yergeau; Esmer Jongedijk; G.F. (Ciska) Veen (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Effects of salinity and litter on soil carbon dynamics in mangrove wetlands: Insights from microbial carbon use efficiency - Haixiao Zhao; Hailin Tian; Zhengang Wang; Wei Yang; Xiao Ma; Qian Tan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Opportunistic bacteria enhancing inorganic phosphorus level in post-wildfire tropical forest peatlands - Pengfei Gao; Xiaoyu Cheng; Wen Tian; Hongmei Wang; Xiaoyan Liu; Olli H. Tuovinen; Thomas E.L. Smith; Stephanie L. Evers (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

The consequences in soil microbial communities and functionality over long-term shrub plantations in wind erosion area of northern China - Guohua Wang; Ben Yang; Lina Zhao; Qianqian Gou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Editorial Board (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

An algebraic dynamic multilevel method for the simulation of contaminant transport and retention through vadose zones - Shuohan Zhang; Yuhang Wang; Zhang Wen; Hadi Hajibeygi; Peipei Xue (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Inverse modeling of layered soil water flow under hydrothermal coupling using a multi-physics informed Neural Network - Yuqin Gao; Longsheng Xu; Ming Wu; Chenyu Yuan; Kunpeng Feng (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Deep learning-enhanced pore structure analysis for electrical properties in tight sandstone - Meng Wang; Lu Yin; Weichao Yan (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Quantification of pore-scale multiphase flow for CO2-brine displacement in basaltic rocks - Jianwei Tian; Benjamin M. Tutolo; Adedapo Awolayo (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Curvature-governed oil mobilization via intermittent CO2 displacement at pore-scale - Shaohua Li; Xin Wang; He Tian; Xiaofeng Li; Lanlan Jiang; Yu Liu; Yi Zhang; Lei Wang; Yongchen Song (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Reactive fronts dynamics under joint shear deformation and hydrodynamic dispersion - Gourab Chakraborty; Pratyaksh Karan; Yves Méheust; Tanguy Le Borgne; Uddipta Ghosh (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Hybrid AI for estimating water levels at ungauged river locations via graph neural networks and terrain-aware edges - Anh Minh Truong; Guangan Chen; Michiel De Baets; Michiel Vlaminck; Brian Booth; Hiep Luong (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A hybrid deep learning-data assimilation approach for joint inversion of groundwater contaminant sources and hydraulic conductivity with uncertain boundary conditions - Xuemin Xia; Yule Zhao; Simin Jiang; Yao Hu; Xianwen Li (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Kinetic theory of multicomponent Ostwald ripening in porous media - Nicolas Bueno; Luis F. Ayala; Yashar Mehmani (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Gradual modifiers for storage-conserving truncated porous media models: Accuracy and efficiency in CCS flow simulation - Romal Ramadhan; Seyyed A. Hosseini (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A non-equilibrium thermodynamics framework for daily simulation of coupled water and heat transport in variably saturated and frozen soils - Iolanda Borzì (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Wettability-controlled fracture-to-matrix transition in salt precipitation in hydrophilic fractured rocks - H. Zhang; Z. Sun; B. Zhao (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A frequency-informed adaptive variable-step model predictive control framework with stability guarantees for cascade canals - Minghan Yang; Chao Wang; Lina Zhang; Pengyu Jin; Ke Xu; Hao Wang (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Resilient-robust policy design for coupled human-water systems - M. Reza Alizadeh; Jan Adamowski; Mojtaba Sadegh; Amir AghaKouchak; Kaveh Madani; Manzoor Qadir; Francesco S.R. Pausata (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Evaluation of the Iberian barbel resting behavior in vertical slot fishways: A two-dimensional Eulerian Lagrangian Agent based approach - M.X. Ruiz-Coello; F.J. Sanz-Ronda; A. Bottacin-Busolin; J.F. Fuentes-Pérez (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A fully Eulerian multiphysics model for pressure solution - Ziyan Wang (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A novel discharge potential for steady groundwater flow in depth-decaying hydraulic conductivity fields - Ali Mahdavi (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

High-performance modelling of urban non-point-source pollutant dynamics: A full-process approach - Xue Tong; Qiuhua Liang; Gang Wang (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Surface hydrologic connectivity in complex water systems: insights from an automated delineation framework - Lan Zeng; Huan Shuai; Yingli Jing; Pan Wu (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Enhancing relative permeability uncertainty quantification via sensitivity-based parameter reduction in unsteady-state core flooding simulations - Filipe O. Silva; Gianfranco de M. Stieven; Emely da S. Assis; Caroline H. Dias; André M.L. Compan; Paulo Couto (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Uncertainty analysis of contaminant sources in fracture networks: A framework integrating falsification and Bayesian evidential learning - Kehan Miao; Yong Huang; Le Zhang; Liming Guo; Zhimin Fu; Thomas Hermans (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Experimental investigation on biofouling marine bryozoans in reefs - Maria Susan Sanjay; C. Venkatraman; Arya Sen; J. S. Yogesh Kumar (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Environmental conditions and Equatorial Eastern Pacific coral reproductive phenology in the Gulf of Panamá (Pavona gigantea and Psammocora stellata) - Susan B. Colley; Juan L. Maté; Denise Danos; Peter W. Glynn (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Review of zero-click attacks and zero-trust security model: concepts, architecture, state of the art, and future directions - Enobong Archibong; Philip Asuquo; Bliss Stephen (Discover Networks, 2026)
The rapid expansion of cloud-native infrastructure and mobile computing has rendered traditional perimeter-based security obsolete, necessitating the development of resilient digital frameworks in alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). This review article investigates the convergence of two critical paradigms: Zero-Click Attacks, which exploit system components without user interaction, and Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA), the necessary adaptive defence strategy. Adopting the PRISMA-based systematic review methodology, this study synthesises current literature to provide a critical evaluation of the evolution of zero-click vectors, focusing on critical vulnerabilities within Android system components and media processing libraries. The efficacy of current detection methodologies is evaluated, contrasting the limitations of static analysis with the promise of sandbox-based behavioural monitoring. Furthermore, the paper explores the transition from static ZTA policies to AI-driven enforcement, utilising the SmartTrust framework as a primary case study. This hybrid deep learning approach, integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, and Reinforcement Learning, demonstrates how real-time, context-aware risk scoring can mitigate invisible threats. Finally, the review outlines open research challenges, specifically the scalability of behavioural analysis and the resilience of AI models against adversarial evasion, proposing a strategic roadmap for AI-native Zero-Trust in hyper-connected environments.

OceanEyes a citizen science mobile application for documenting marine species in India - Konjarla Johnny; Nosad Sahu; Narayanane Saravanane; Sasilatha T. (Discover Oceans, 2026)
India’s marine biodiversity remains unevenly documented, with fragmented and inconsistently accessible observations limiting their use for long-term assessment and conservation planning. To address this gap, we developed OceanEyes, a citizen-science mobile application designed for standardised, high-resolution documentation of marine biodiversity across India’s EEZ. The platform integrates Darwin Core-compliant data structures with a two-tier expert validation system, ensuring scientific accuracy and interoperability with global repositories. Unlike existing platforms, OceanEyes is specifically tailored to marine ecosystems, incorporating domain-specific metadata (e.g., habitat, depth, substrate) and enabling offline data collection in low-connectivity coastal regions. A comparative analysis demonstrates that OceanEyes bridges the gap between global generalist platforms and region-specific applications by combining marine focus, standardisation, expert validation, and integration with OBIS via IndOBIS through standardised data export. Initial deployment (November 2023–March 2026) recorded 539 users, with ~ 74% from India, and peak engagement of 232 active users, stabilising at 60–100 users, indicating sustained participation. These results demonstrate the platform’s usability and scalability for participatory marine monitoring. By combining citizen participation with rigorous quality control and FAIR-compliant data workflows, OceanEyes provides a scalable and scientifically robust framework for marine biodiversity documentation, with direct relevance to marine spatial planning and national commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and SDG 14.

A blockchain IoT framework for secure digital banking in Nigeria with simulation and consensus mechanism evaluation - Maimunatu Ya’u Ibrahim; Kabiru Ibrahim Musa; Aminu Ahmad; Muhammad Tella (Discover Networks, 2026)

The ecology of Archaeopteryx - Jingmai K. O’Connor; Alexander D. Clark (Discover Ecology, 2026)

Salinity changes and their environmental impacts on artisanal fisheries in Chilika Lagoon - Avisweta Nandy; Dwity Sundar Rout; Pritam Tripathy (Discover Oceans, 2026)
Lagoons, which celebrate their intricate ecosystems and rich biodiversity, are particularly sensitive to hydrological variables such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. Among these, salinity plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Periodic and seasonal fluctuations of salinity due to the evolved salinity gradient among different sectors of the Chilika lagoon of Odisha, India, i.e., freshwater-conquered Northern Sector (NS), the saline-rich Outer Channel, and other sectors, can significantly affect the lagoon's ecological and biological systems. Yet, there remains a notable gap in quantifiable research linking these salinity dynamics with the livelihoods of artisanal fishers, who are key stakeholders in the lagoon’s socio-ecological fabric. This review critically examines the patterns of salinity change in lagoons and their implications for artisanal fisheries, specifying the impacts on Chilika. It explores shifts in fish species composition, productivity, and spatial distributions, and assesses how these changes influence the livelihoods of artisanal fishers, who are reliant on lagoon resources. Furthermore, the paper highlights the lagoon's spatiotemporal variability in salinity and its broader connections to climate-induced phenomena. Ultimately, this study serves as a foundation for future econometric analyses aimed at understanding the socio-ecological effects of salinity variation on artisanal communities, while advocating for policy frameworks that support adaptive, resilient, and inclusive management of salinity.

Understanding the drivers of Extreme Coastal Water Levels in West Africa from oceanic and climatic processes - Emmanuel K. Brempong; Rafael Almar; Donatus B. Angnuureng; Gregoire O. Abessolo; Olusegun A. Dada; Cheikh Omar Tidjani Cissé (Discover Oceans, 2026)
Rising sea levels pose a major threat to West Africa's densely populated and economically important coastal regions, which extend from Mauritania to Cameroon. Here, we explore the dynamics of Extreme Coastal Water Levels (ECWLs) from 1994 to 2015, with the aim of enhancing disaster management and prediction strategies. We found that regional differences in ECWL are primarily driven by tidal forces and wave runup, which have a direct impact on coastal erosion and floods, particularly in areas like Guinea-Bissau. This area is highly susceptible due to its wide low-lying coastal plains, which exacerbate the effects. Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) also play a critical role, as they reflect the cumulative effect of oceanographic and climatic conditions, exacerbating the impacts of tidal and wave dynamics. Although less significant, atmospheric contributions influence ECWL through storm surge and wind pattern variations. Regional climatic phenomena, particularly the Atlantic Niño, significantly influence the West African Monsoon, altering rainfall patterns and ECWL. In contrast, global climatic drivers such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have a more subdued influence due to their less direct impact on local atmospheric conditions. Using a strategic cluster study based on annual tide and wave data, we categorise West African countries into distinct groups, enabling tailored and effective flood mitigation strategies that are aligned with their specific hydrodynamic and climatic characteristics. The study highlights the importance of tailored climate models and monitoring systems that focus on regional climate indicators such as the Atlantic Niño, which are essential for accurately predicting and managing the effects of climate changes on coastal areas in less developed countries.

Improving clustering stability in intelligent vehicular networks using Graph Neural Networks - Hana Nouri; Tarek Moulahi; Salah Dhahri; Salim El khediri (Discover Networks, 2026)

Understanding the reproductive phenology of Avicennia marina at its northwestern range in the Arabian Peninsula supports improved afforestation planning - Cecilia Martin; Susann Rossbach; Ahmed Alansari; Magdy El-Bana (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Seasonal variability of physico-chemical parameters and their effects on fish diversity in artificial reefs of the Sea of Oman - Abdullah Al Kindi; Sachinandan Dutta (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Recent trends in data privacy and security of IoT networks through federated learning - Linthoingambi Takhellambam; Urikhimbam Boby Clinton; Nazrul Hoque; Khumukcham Robindro Singh; Jugal Kalita; Dhruba K. Bhattacharyya (Discover Networks, 2026)

Spatial distribution, composition, and rainfall-driven dynamics of marine litter along the Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman - Al Ayiham Al Siyabi; Sachinandan Dutta (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Differential responses of soil microbial community structure and function to conventional and biodegradable microplastics - Yuhan Liu; Xue Bei; Chuanwei Zheng; Hong Lou; Huimei Tian; Wenjing Han; Wenxiao Sun; Songyan Jiao; Shuo Li; Bing Li; Lusheng Zhu; Zhongkun Du; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Long-term effects of Aloe vera-based hydrochar on earthworm life cycle and soil microbial functions in natural soil - Concepcion Garcia-Gomez; Dimitrios Kalderis; Maria Dolores Fernandez (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Interactive effects of microplastics, heavy metals, and soil microecology under different irrigation water sources - Rui Yang; Lijuan Huo; Hao Yang; Yan Gong; Gaiqiang Yang; Shuting Tian; Shuhui Cao; Xia Li; Qingwei Ding; Yaqiong Fan; Qi Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Do historically accumulated microplastics affect soil CO2 emissions and their temperature sensitivity in plastic-film mulched soils? - Jingwen Mei; Xinyi Hu; Hao Shu; Yanxia Zhang; Shengwen Xu; Kai Wang; Lihu Liu; Yuyi Yang; Hongtao Jia; Yongxiang Yu; Huaiying Yao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

The role of micronutrients in niche partitioning of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea across rhizosphere and bulk soils - Kivi Snavely; Debarshi Dasgupta; Samiran Banerjee (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Native AMF colonization and microbial enzyme-mediated phosphorus mineralization are decoupled in organically fertilized jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen) - Alberto Vinicius S. Rocha; Caio César Gomes Freitas; Rafael Santana Mendonça; Tamyris Ferreira Correa; Acácio Tarciso Moreira de Melo; Gilberta Carneiro Souto; Fernando Dini Andreote (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Temporal dynamics of microbial-soil particulate organic matter in response to nitrogen addition in an alpine steppe - Yilun Hu; Shang Wang; Qiuyu Chen; Ang Hu; Bin Niu; Xiang Chen; Ri Xu; Gengxin Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Abundant microbial taxa are more sensitive to land-use intensification than their rare counterparts - Mingming Du; Peipei Xue; Budiman Minasny; Alex McBratney; Yijia Tang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Elevated soil organic carbon content limits microbial carbon use efficiency under manure amendment in Mollisols - Guanqun Hou; Ruixing Hou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Conventional and biodegradable agricultural microplastics: Effects on soil decomposer animals and protists in three climate zones - Vili Saartama; Cornelis A.M. van Gestel; Jari Haimi; Sannakajsa Velmala; Lotte de Jeu; Melanie Braun; Janne Kaseva; Juha-Matti Pitkänen; Derk-Jan Post; Paula Redondo Hasselerharm; Andreu Rico; Suvi Sutela; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil moderately labile organic phosphorus as the most grazing-sensitive fraction in desert grasslands: Linking plant, soil, and microbial drivers - Qingge Zhao; Sylvie A. Quideau; Aimin Zhu; Yingzhong Xie; Yingjun Zhang; Ton Bisseling; Yunbo Wang; Guodong Han (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Wollastonite enhances microbial diversity and ecological network stability - Yanzhi Wang; Yongfeng Wang; Ronghua Kang; Chunjie Tian; Guochen Li; Feifei Zhu; Ang Wang; Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa; Chenxia Su; Chang Liu; Dong Liu; Zhi Quan; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Enhancement of phosphorus fertilizer availability by combining with labile carbon: Evidence from soil phosphorus speciation and phosphate-mobilizing bacteria - Wenbo Li; Meng Xu; Shuiqin Zhang; Jiukai Xu; Liang Yuan; Bingqiang Zhao; Guohua Mi; Yanting Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Modulation of rhizosphere bacterial community of tomato upon repeated exposure to salinity stress - Salila Pradhan; Nischay; Sunny; Shilpi Sharma (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

The beneficial effect of the soil treatment with hydrogen peroxide on a watermelon continuous cropping system is related to the reshaped soil microbiome - Yunfei Yu; Xiaoxue Li; Azhar Sohail Shahzad; Shunyao Zhuang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soils sustainable management: How artificial humic acid reprogram bacterial consortia for enhanced humus synthesis - Xianghui Meng; Jiale Zhang; Jixin Liu; Yu Li; Xiaobin Wang; Shuang Ai; Jiayu Zhu; Zhuqing Liu; Fan Yang; Kui Cheng (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Extreme drought decouples nematode diversity from soil function in grassland ecosystems, Northern China - Zonghao Hu; Shuang Pang; Sixue Chen; Rong Hao; Meixia Liu; Rong Mao; Yang Zhang; Anton A. Goncharov; Ximei Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

MaxEnt-based ecological niche modeling reveals precipitation seasonality as the dominant driver of antagonistic soil bacterial distributions in Punjab rice agroecosystems - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi; Ummad Ud Din Umar; Ateeq Ur Rehman (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil bacterial community assembly and driving factors in wetlands along the southern margin of the Tarim Basin - Linlin Zhang; Peishan Zhao; Guanglei Gao; Guodong Ding; Ying Zhang; Qiyan Li; Yilin Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitate the accumulation of litter-derived carbon in nitrogen-limited soils: A microcosmic experiment - Yinli Bi; Dongdong Wang; Li Xiao; Xiao Wang; Weixuan Guo (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Sulfur-cycle microorganisms regulate soil aggregate dynamics in saline-alkali soils - He Hu; Jia Cao; Mengli Liu; WenLiang Wu; Chong Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Microbial drivers of dynamic soil carbon use efficiency following long-term vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau, China - Yajing Dong; Zhenhao Wei; Juxiao Lu; Su Wang; Jingwei Shi; Xining Zhao; Zhouping Shangguan; Lei Deng (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Three decades of green manure rotations sustain soil nitrogen supply by microbial functional restructuring under reduced mineral fertilization - Lu Yang; Jia Liu; Junjie Huang; Zhan Jiang; Ming Liu; Weidong Cao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Oomycete pathogens suppress litter decomposition in alpine meadow soils - Yu Nie; Bo Zhang; Yimin Zhao; Zhenhua Zhang; Shurong Zhou (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial communities across selective logging, low-flooded forest and conserved Mayan Forest - Carlos Alberto Puch-Hau; Martin Hassan Polo-Marcial; Bruno Tomio Goto; Mercedes Amparo Quintanilla-Mena; Mayra Alejandra Cañizares-Martínez; Diana E. Adame-Castro; Brisni Z. Pérez-Garfias; Alfredo F. Yanez-Montalvo; Silvia G. Granados-Puerto; Edgar González-Godoy; Magdalena Márquez-Santos; Luis Alberto Lara-Pérez (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nitrogen addition and expansion of Ligularia virgaurea drive decoupling between ammonia and nitrite oxidation - Miao Zhang; Anning Zhang; Zi Yang; Wanyu Xia; Xuanchen Liu; Xiaoxuan Jiang; Xia Zhao; Hanwen Cui; Guoliang Sha; Sa Xiao; Shuyan Chen; Beat Frey (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Long-term P management has limited impacts on soil microbial communities, with unique patterns driven by location, land use, and soil depth - Kirill Bogdanov; Parag Bhople; Giulia Bondi; Naoise Nunan; Lars Elsgaard; Anke M. Herrmann; Karl G. Richards; Mart Ros; David Wall; Fiona Brennan; Sergio E. Morales; Timothy J. Clough (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Rhizosphere microbial diversity and community assembly in tree species–slope aspect coupled mountain forests of the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau - Hangyu Bai; Qian Chen; Xiuling Yang; Dengwu Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Seasonal responses of soil bacteria, fungi and protists to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a subtropical forest - Yanji Liu; Hang-Wei Hu; Yong Zheng; Zi-Kai Liu; Lige Zhang; Ju-Pei Shen (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Ecotoxicological responses to 6PPD-Q: Oxidative stress, gene expression dysregulation, and transcriptomic alterations in Eisenia fetida - Xiaoyi Wang; Qian Wang; Huijuan Lv; Xiangfeng Yao; Xianxu Li; Ruomeng Shi; Jia Ding; Ravil Baibekov; Lubsan-zondy Budazhapov; Jun Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Integrated modeling and experimental approaches reveal the impact of climate change on dung beetle distribution and function - Miguel A. Carreón; Alfredo Ramírez-Hernández; Ernesto I. Badano; Sandra Milena Gelviz-Gelvez; Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón; Felipe Barragán (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Multi-omics analysis reveals the regulatory network of soil stoichiometry and rhizosphere microbiota on saikosaponins in Bupleurum chinense DC. - Yan Wang; Quan Guo; Chen Yang; Honghong Jiao; Xiaochen Hu; Feng Yan; Mingying Zhang; Gang Zhang; Yimin Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Composition and function of soil mycobiomes associated with Rhizoctonia root and crown rot in sugar beet - Malick Bill; Sandesh Dangi; Ashok K. Chanda; Jason R. Brantner; Austin K. Lien; Zhaohui Liu; Shyam L. Kandel (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Non-linear effects of Fontelis 20 SC (fungicide) on gut microbiota relate to changes in reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola) - Borbála Szabó; Elisabeth K. Riedel; Marko Rohlfs; Juliane Filser (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Biochar and manure amendments mitigate chemical-fertilizer-induce negative effects on soil microbiomes, with implications for crop productivity gain - Pan Jiang; Hao Huang; Jinmeng Hu; Linlin Wang; Yuping Zhang; Xiangmin Rong; Jianwei Peng; Gongwen Luo (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Unraveling the microbiological mechanism of carbon and nitrogen fixation coupling in agricultural soils - Yun Fang; Haoxin Fan; Xiangtian Meng; Juan Wang; Chaorong Ge; Huaiying Yao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Form-specific nitrogen inputs restructure ammonia-oxidiser guilds and nitrification potential in a karst grassland - Jin Ye; Jing Zhou; Xiao Sun; Zhou Li; Xuechun Zhao; Chao Chen; Jihui Chen (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Oxytetracycline-containing manure and mineral fertilization increase the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in lettuce-grown soil - Fernando Ruiz-Torrubia; Carlos Garbisu; Mikel Anza; José Luis Lavín; Lur Epelde (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Diverse prokaryotic strategies associated with soil organic matter priming - M. Waibel; E. Paterson; T.E. Freitag; F. Abram; P.E. Hedley; J. Morris; L.J. Robinson; A. Sim; B. Thornton; F.P. Brennan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Lithology-driven microbial succession and functional divergence during subtropical forest restoration - Xinyu Ye; Yuming Lu; Maokui Lyu; Yongmeng Jiang; Cui Deng; Jinsheng Xie (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Insights into the synergistic mechanism of petroleum-degrading bacterial consortium and Mirabilis jalapa L. combined remediation of crude oil-contaminated saline-alkali soil - Xinying Zhang; Yuchen Wan; Zongze Chen; Beibei Li; Xiaoyan Liu; Wenjing Yang; Ying Hao; Chuanhua Wang; Ling Yuan; Yongqi Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Elucidating the vertical migration of antibiotic resistance genes in soils amended with swine manure and irrigated with wastewater - Yumin Gong; Yunchao Liu; Yida Cheng; Bingxia Liu; Min Qiao; Ruibo Sun; Bin Guo; Jin Liu; Fenghua Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Irrigation and straw particle size jointly drive soil bacterial community assembly to regulate nutrient cycling in paddy fields - Jinhua Zhang; Han Han; Bingxiao Liu; Xiangping Guo; Xing Yang; Wenye Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nitrifier denitrification contributes substantially to nitrous oxide production in calcareous farmland soils - Na Gao; Zifan Wang; Hongguang Pang; Lei Li; Yue Zhang; Dawei Chen (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

The impact of conversion of forest into cropland on soil nematode-associated microbiota varies across feeding habit of the host - Sisi Zhang; Cao Hao; Peng Zhang; Jingjing Yang; Meiyan Li; Pingting Guan; Donghui Wu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Characterising soil microbial communities in thinned and unthinned eucalyptus forest in southwestern Australia - Aaron J. Brace; Laurence Dugal; Josephine Hyde; Kristen Fernandes; Anna J.M. Hopkins; Emma Stevens; Gavan S. McGrath; Katinka X. Ruthrof (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Rubber based agroforestry systems enhance soil organic carbon sequestration through changes in soil properties and microbial community structure - Ashar Tahir; Yingying Zhang; Chuan Yang; Wenxian Xu; Hassam Tahir; Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Abbas; Zhixiang Wu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Earthworms enhance nitrogen-metabolizing microbiota in drilosphere and rhizosphere co-occurrence networks - Yang Liu; Ning Wang; Wei Dai; Junwei Peng; Dandan Yao; Jinpeng Shao; Hui Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Insight into the long-term impact of fire in dry pine forests on biological soil crust and underlying soil - Kinga Szafrańska; Karolina Chowaniec; Hubert Dul; Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz; Kaja Skubała (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

High-severity fire simplifies soil microbial networks contributing to carbon limitation in subalpine forests of the Tibetan Plateau - Wentao Lin; J. Julio Camarero; Xiaoming Lu; Jiangrong Li; Gengxin Zhang; Eryuan Liang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Effects of hummock–hollow microtopography on soil microbial communities and their links to soil carbon cycling in a sedge peatland of the Changbai mountains - Biyu Shi; Ming Wang; Guodong Wang; Xingli Li; Tao Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

End-point distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon-carbon in soil carbon pools during biodegradation is worthy of attention - Xiumin Li (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Network architecture across trophic levels governs ecosystem multifunctionality in subtropical riparian soils - Guanglong Zhang; Zhongyi Li; Yue Ke; Hanyi Li; Xilin Xiao; Jingchun Liu; Haoliang Lu; Hualong Hong; Chongling Yan (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Omics-driven soil bioremediation of emerging contaminants: Integrating sensors, digital twins, and microbial biotechnology - Asad Shah; Mohammad Nauman Khan; Waqar Ali; Muhammad Numan Khan; Hidayat Ullah; Zahra Barati; Adil Farooq Lodhi; Lixiao Nie (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Divergent microbial pathways of soil carbon sequestration in topsoil and subsoil during forest succession - Yaowen Xu; Jiejie Jiao; Chuping Wu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Legume presence modulates soil bacterial diversity, composition, network complexity, and functions under drought in timothy-red clover mixed stands - Chathuranga De Silva; Rhea Amor Lumactud; Hari P. Poudel; Malinda S. Thilakarathna (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest shortens soil restoration time for rotated Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit - Yao Guo; Chunzhen Wang; Yijia Zhao; Zhuohan Zhang; Fuxue Feng; Linyun Jia; Aziiba Emmanuel Asibi; Heyu Chen; Mohamed Abdalla; Pete Smith; Wen Yin; Hanqing Feng (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Niche-based filtering governs arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community variation in temperate grasslands of Northern China - Xinyan Liu; Pengfei Wang; Hanting Qu; Zhiying Ding; Jingpeng Li; Da Xu; Fucheng Ding; Yuying Bao (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Innovative use of modified biochar for cadmium remediation in saline soils: Integrating biological and physicochemical strategies with implications for Cd uptake in garden cress (Lepidium sativum) - Pouria Karimi; Mohammad Rafiee; Mohsen Saadani; Hassan Etesami; Fatemeh Amereh; Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Soil nitrogen loss reduces food web energy flow via nematode community simplification during wild fruit forest degradation in the Tianshan Mountains, China - Yulu Zhang; Dong Cui; Zhicheng Jiang; Haijun Yang; Zezheng Liu; Junqi Liu; Wenxin Liu; Yunhao Wu; Jinfeng Guo; Yaxin Han; Zhicong Zhang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

The influence of rewetting intensity on soil priming after drought - Yijin Lv; Rui Zhang; Rong Li; Zhenqing Shi (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Hydrological fluctuations govern the decline of microbial carbon pump efficiency by shifting microbial life history strategies and assembly processes in reservoir drawdown zones - Shengman Zhang; Yuchun Wang; Xueping Chen; Ziyuan Zhang; Dong Zhang; Xiangfeng Huang; Fushun Wang (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal field colonization and nursery responsiveness of the Canary endemic Artemisia thuscula along contrasting volcanic island soils - Marta Selma Garzón-Molina; María C. Jaizme-Vega; Mónica González-González (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Crown-to-ground: Above- and below-ground links mediated by arboreal ants and host tree modify soil aggregation scaling, infiltration, and chemistry - Nicholas Medina; Lauren Schmitt; Ivette Perfecto; John Vandermeer (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Nondecomposer-mediated nutrient transfer in soils: experimental evidence from Drosophila - Yunchao Luo; Run Liu; Tingting Cao; Jiayue Zhang; Mengna Zhao; Ke Li; Zunian Ran; Lin Wang; Xingjun Tian (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Amputation in Enchytraeus crypticus - a New Approach Methodology (NAM) - assessing the longer-term effects of Cadmium under regeneration stress events - Micael F.M. Gonçalves; Susana I.L. Gomes; Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand; Mónica J.B. Amorim (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Editorial Board (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

A reinterpreted discrete fracture model for Darcy–Brinkman flow in fractured porous media and its extension on nonconforming meshes - Jingyao Liu; Hui Guo; Zhaoqin Huang; Yang Yang (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

One-dimensional non-Darcian flow model incorporating the impact of nonlinear clay consolidation on the threshold hydraulic gradient - Xianmeng Meng; Lintao Shen; Xiaoxuan Liu; Qu Wang; Maosheng Yin; Dengfeng Liu (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Mixed Copula for streamflow simulation based on intelligent knowledge set and parameter calibration using cooperation search algorithm - Yi-fan Xia; Zhong-kai Feng; Yang Xiao; Tao-tao Zhang; Ling-zhong Kong; Wen-jing Niu; Hui-ming Zhang (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Multi-resolution transfer learning for rapid prediction of pore-scale multiphase flow - Haotian Li; Saideep Pavuluri; Harris Sajjad Rabbani; Bicheng Yan (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Single collector capture model analysis of particle deposition: Effects of hydrodynamics, particle size, and collector geometry - Shuyao Niu; Zhike Zou; Longcang Shu; Giovanni Michele Porta (Advances in Water Resources, 2026)

Integrated ocean governance is needed in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean to foster fisheries, conservation and resilience to climate change - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes; Facundo Llompart; Luis Gustavo Cardoso; Omar Defeo; Ignacio Gianelli; Andrés J. Jaureguizar; Priscila F. M. Lopes; José Angel A. Perez; Natali I. P. Piccolo; Alberto R. Piola; Andrei Polejack; Luciana F. Prado; et al. (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Microplastics as potential vectors of diatom oxylipins and possible effects on copepods - Vincenzo Donnarumma; Ennio Russo (Discover Ecology, 2026)

Employing multi-format log analysis to detect Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in Software-Defined Networks (SDN) - Swarnajit Bhattacharya; Asit Kumar Nayek; Mrinmoy Sen (Discover Networks, 2026)

A baseline assessment of deep-sea biodiversity, and guide for future actions to inform stewardship, in Trinidad and Tobago - Jaime-Leigh Lue Chin; Muriel Rabone; Juliano Palacios-Abrantes; Judith Gobin; Alana Jute; La Daana K. Kanhai; Diva J. Amon (Discover Oceans, 2026)

First evidence of plastistone, a novel plastic rock composite, from the Maharashtra coast of India - Nirupama Saini; Shravani Mangeshkar; Punyasloke Bhadury (Discover Oceans, 2026)

A review of the ecology, behavior, and cognitive capabilities of crawfish frogs (Rana areolata) with the goal of restoring extirpated populations - Nathan J. Engbrecht; Rochelle M. Stiles; Michael J. Lannoo; Lilly Hein Shults (Discover Ecology, 2026)

Community dynamics and functional traits drive microplastic sequestration by marine nematodes - Flávia Juliana Lobato de França; Renan Belém da Silva; Débora Alissandra de Araujo França; Iully Durão Frasson; Gustavo André Xavier da Silva; Maria Eduarda Lima Rodrigues; Giovanna Lins Pessoa; Anna-Maria Vafeiadou; Tom Moens; Giovanni Amadeu Paiva dos Santos (Discover Oceans, 2026)
Benthic sediments are recognized as the principal sink for the 'missing plastic', yet the biological processes governing microplastic (MP) fate within this reservoir remain critically unresolved. Here, we investigate whether and how marine nematode communities, the most abundant metazoans in marine sediments, influence the fate and ecological risk of MPs. Using short-term (9-day) and long-term (30-day) microcosm experiments, we assessed the influence of MP density and exposure time on nematode community structure, functional diversity, and sequestration capacity. Our results reveal that MP sequestration by nematodes only manifests at very high-MP densities. Counter-intuitively, the most severe impacts on nematode communities occurred at low MP densities, despite particle uptake remaining below detection there. The magnitude of the sequestration role of the nematode community heavily depended on nematode functional characteristics, with opportunistic non-selective ingesters being responsible for 90% of the MP sequestration in the short-term experiment. With a structurally very different community at the start, MP uptake in the long-term experiment was considerably lower and shared by a functionally more diverse consortium of more K-selected taxa with diverse feeding strategies, but all having fairly wide buccal cavities. Our study reveals that nematode communities are an active and dynamic biological compartment where MPs are processed, transformed, and reintroduced into the food web, but the quantitative importance of their role in trophic transfer appears very limited.

Variability of chlorophyll-a in the central part of the eastern Arabian Sea using biogeochemical Argo observations - Madhurima Paul; Rashmi R. Nayak; Arun Chakraborty (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Innovative barriers reduce risk of injury and mortality for nesting green sea turtles on Breem Island, Saudi Arabia - Khuld Jabby; Ivor D. Williams; Royale S. Hardenstine; Hector Barrios-Garrido; Ahmed Al-Ansari; Omar Al-Attas (Discover Oceans, 2026)
Breem Island in the northern Red Sea hosts important nesting beaches for Green sea turtles, averaging more than 250 nests a year. However, the proximity of key nesting beaches to 1-2 m high rocky sea cliffs presents a hazard to female turtles returning to sea. Between 2018 and 2023, we documented 9 mortalities caused by falls from these cliffs. In 2024, to address this, we pilot tested 200-m curved barriers at the northern and southern edges of one section of cliff to prevent access to the area above the cliff. Monitoring during the 2024 nesting season, after barriers were installed, showed 23 instances of turtles being successfully redirected. Additionally, no tracks were observed behind the barriers and no mortalities were observed from the protected cliffs. Full assessment of impacts of these barriers on sea turtles, other fauna, and potentially also on beach dynamics will only be evident over longer timeframes, but the effectiveness of this relatively simple intervention in the first year after installation suggests potential for population-scale impacts for these long-lived and high priority species, and for wider application in the region and beyond.

Metagenomic mining of microorganisms for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthetic genes from marine sample of the Western Pacific Ocean - Kajal Narendra Tiwari; Surya Radhakrishnan Ezhava; Seema Prabhudev Rodge (Discover Oceans, 2026)

Hanging in the balance: an ecological and conservation assessment reveals growing threats to the Bamboo Pitviper, Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) gramineus (Shaw, 1802), in the Dangs Forest of Gujarat, India - Dikansh S. Parmar; Hinrich Kaiser (Discover Ecology, 2026)
The Bamboo Pitviper, Trimeresurus ( Craspedocephalus ) gramineus , is the only pitviper species in Gujarat, India, where it reaches the northern limit of its range. It is recognized as a species of Least Concern based on IUCN Red List criteria, but critical aspects of its ecology, behaviour, and conservation status remain understudied. We conducted intermittent road-based visual encounter surveys along two forest roads in Gujarat’s Dangs District from January 2022–May 2025 and recorded 44 individual snakes. Pitvipers were predominantly observed at heights of 3–7 m on vegetation jutting out from cliff-like cut slopes, including exposed roots (56%), low shrubs and bushes (30%), and bamboo (14%). Six experimentally displaced individuals exhibited site fidelity and returned to their original perches within 72 h. Snakes were seen exclusively at night (19:00–03:00 h), and encounter frequency was markedly reduced during monsoons. Behavioural observations revealed cryptic positioning in the vegetation, ambush hunting near retreat sites in the soil, slow movement, and defensive displays (fang extension and tail vibration). The repeated presence of pairs suggests seasonal monogamy during courtship until the female starts to produce offspring, and the breeding period appears to coincide with the time of highest detectability. Habitat fragmentation and illegal wildlife trade emerged as important threats, and we document one trafficking incident. Our findings underscore the need for targeted conservation efforts and identify T. gramineus as a potential model species for studying arboreal pitviper ecology. To this end, we propose designating no-cut zones to mitigate erosion and protect pitviper habitat so that continuous monitoring is possible.

Investigation of distribution pattern of natural radioactivity in the sediments of Jampore beach, Daman, India - Jayashree Biswal; Sunil Goswami; V. B. Yadav; S. J. Sartandel; J. S. Samantray; V. Pulhani; V. K. Sharma (Discover Oceans, 2026)

First record of glitter particles in coral reefs from a remote archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean - Lucas Gonçalves Queiroz; Guilherme Maricato; Erandy Gomes; Gislaine Vanessa Lima; Rômulo Augusto Ando; Marcos Tavares; Marcelo Pompêo; Bárbara Rani-Borges (Discover Oceans, 2026)

A methodological and analytical framework for image steganography using evolutionary algorithms - Rasoul Farahi; Nahideh Derakhshanfard (Discover Networks, 2026)
Steganography has been developed with the aim of establishing secure communication in a completely imperceptible manner. In a steganography system, confidential information is embedded within a carrier medium such as an image, audio, or video in such a way that no discernible change occurs in the apparent content of the medium, and an observer or unauthorized attacker is unable to detect the presence of the hidden message. However, the use of detection algorithms can enable the identification of the hidden message; if the detection rate of the message’s presence exceeds the random guess threshold, the steganography system is practically considered insecure. Information steganography is an approach for transmitting confidential data in the form of a cover object that provides the highest level of security, such that even if unauthorized access to the transmitted medium occurs, it is impossible to extract or prove the existence of the hidden data. From this perspective, the fundamental goal of steganography is not merely content confidentiality but the non-provability of the existence of the embedded message. In recent years, numerous methods for image steganography have been proposed, each vulnerable to various attacks and methods for detecting hidden messages. Accordingly, in this paper, the concepts and fundamentals of steganography are first reviewed, and then the prominent methods in the field of image steganography, with a special focus on approaches based on evolutionary algorithms, are examined from an analytical perspective.