Evaluating ex vivo toll-like receptor agonist response as a potential biomarker in equine gastric ulcer syndrome - Gustavo Ferlini Agne; Daniel Thomas Barratt; Bridget Eileen May; Mark R. Hutchinson; Joshua Holmes; Catherine Steel; Olivier Simon; Samuel Greig Evans; Andrew A. Somogyi; Benjamin W. Sykes; Samantha Franklin (The Veterinary Journal, 2026)

Symbiosis emergence and abandonment in nature: a coordination game approach - Simon A. Levin; Ted Loch-Temzelides (Theoretical Ecology, 2026)

Evolutionary Prevalence of the Electrostatic Switch Mechanism in P-type ATPases - Nikita S. Badve; Alyssa V. Buda; Jonas A. Káral; Zhitong Li; Taylah L. Percival; Sofia Y. Wardman; Sophia G. Tran; Simon Y. W. Ho; Ronald J. Clarke (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2026)

Shifting shorelines and hydroclimate changes in southern South Africa: Insights from sediment provenance during the Middle Stone Age (90-50 ka) - E.J. Pryor; M.H. Simon; H.J.L. van der Lubbe; M. Andersen; A. Alsgaard; O.M. Göktürk; M. Cendrowska; A. Muller; K.G.R. Purcell; S. Slater-Lewis; A. Starr; I.R. Hall (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2026)

The giant Antarctic amphipod Paraceradocus miersi will not fare well if freshening continues in the Southern Ocean - John I. Spicer; Simon A. Morley; Katie N.G. Thiessen; Lloyd S. Peck (Marine Environmental Research, 2026)

A remarkable hot-spot of fiddler crab coexistence created by random assortment of species - Laura A. Michie; Simon M. Cragg; R.S.K. Barnes (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2026)

Temporal and spatial transferability in telemetry-based dynamic species distribution models: The effects of algorithms and pseudo-absence techniques - Joshua C Wilson; Philip N Trathan; Hugh J Venables; Horst Bornemann; Rochelle Constantine; Daniel P Costa; Luciano Dalla Rosa; Louise Emmerson; Ari S Friedlaender; Michael E Goebel; Simon Goldsworthy; Mark A Hindell; et al. (Ecological Modelling, 2026)

Thinking through compassionate conservation: A staged case study of black-footed ferret recovery - Liv Baker; William T. Borrie; Adam P.A. Cardilini; William S. Lynn; Shelley M. Alexander; Dror Ben-Ami; Gavin T. Bonsen; Simon Coghlan; Barbara J. King; Christine M. Reed; Francisco J. Santiago-Ávila; Kristen A. Walker; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2026)

Dietary lemon essential oil mitigates metalaxyl-induced oxidative stress, hematological disruptions, and immunotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with associated changes in splenic MAPK-and caspase-related gene expression - Elsayed M. Younis; Afaf N. Abdel Rahman; Tarek Khamis; Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith; Simon J. Davies; Faozi S. Shamlol; Nehal A. Younis; Rowida E. Ibrahim; Gehad E. Elshopakey (Research in Veterinary Science, 2026)

The magmatism of the San Jose del Guaviare Nepheline Syenite in Colombia as constrained by U-Pb, Lu-Hf and Ar-Ar ages - Jose Alejandro Franco-Victoria; Alejandro Piraquive; Amed Bonilla Perez; Simon A. Wilde; Albrecht Von Quadt; Jimmy Alejandro Muñoz (Precambrian Research, 2026)

Multiscale analysis of rainfall variability and periodicity in the Nyando River Basin (Kenya) using continuous wavelet transforms: Methodological overview and case study results analysis - John O. Saranga; Yashon O. Ouma; Cliford Obiero; Ali A. Firoozi; Simon Mburu (Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2026)

Consequences of the East and West Gondwana collision revealed in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield of Egypt: New insights from the pre-, late-, and post-collision granitoids - Osama K. Dessouky; Yuruo Shi; Hani H. Ali; Kamal A. Ali; Sobhi Nassir; Ahmed M. Dardier; Mohammed Z. El-Bialy; A. Abu-Deif; Simon A. Wilde; Mahmoud A. Hassan (Gondwana Research, 2026)

When vulnerability does not predict mortality: The uses and limits of heat vulnerability indices - Elizabeth A. Dzwonczyk; Peter Anthamatten; Ben Crawford; Gregory L. Simon (Environmental Research, 2026)

A stable isotope approach to assess the ecological role and fate of macroalgal decomposition in the Antarctic benthos - Nadia Frontier; Gabriele Stowasser; Chris Harrod; Lloyd S. Peck; David K.A. Barnes; Sebastián Rosenfeld; Anna M. Jażdżewska; Sofie Spatharis; Helen Campbell; Gloria Dos Santos Pereira; Simon A. Morley (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2026)

Natural tipping dynamics as catalysts of human cooperation - Wolfram Barfuss; Jonathan F. Donges; Matthias Bethge; Simon A. Levin (Ecological Economics, 2026)

Abundant and diverse Pb nanospheres in polyphase Eoarchean zircon from the Odesa Quarry, Ukrainian Shield - Monika A. Kusiak; Simon A. Wilde; Richard Wirth; Leonid Shumlyanskyy; Bożena Gołębiowska; Martin J. Whitehouse (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Effect of using mannan-oligosaccharides and β-glucans as feed additives on growth, biochemical parameters, and immunity of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-challenged turkey - Shimaa A. Amer; Rehab I. Hamed; Gehan K. Saleh; Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith; Elsayed M. Younis; Ahmed Gouda; Rania M. Ibrahim; Nehal M. Nabil; Maram M. Tawakol; Momen M. Aladl; Walaa A. El-Sayed; Mohamed A. Mahmoud; et al. (Veterinary Research Communications, 2026)

Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Properties, and Intestinal Histology of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Fed Diets Supplemented With Garlic Nanoparticles - Sami Alaa Sami; Ashraf Y. El‐Dakar; Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith; Elsayed M. Younis; Mohammed F. El Basuini; Shymaa M. Shalaby; Mohamed M. Rashad; Simon J. Davies; Mohamed F. Abdel‐Aziz (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2026)
This work may be the first of its kind to assess the effects of varying inclusion levels of garlic nanoparticles (NPsG) as feed additives on growth and physiological indices in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). Garlic contains an organosulfur compound called allicin that can promote growth and strengthen the immune system by stimulating appetite and the intestinal flora, thus enhancing energy utilization. Nanotechnology provides new tools in aquaculture nutrition, including increasing the ability of fish to absorb nutrients rapidly and the effectiveness of feed additives by enhancing their bioavailability compared to their bulk form. Five concentrations of NPsG (0, 150, 300, 600, or 1200 mg/kg) were evaluated by their addition to a basal diet (30% crude protein). 225 juveniles with an initial weight of 3.92 g ± 0.42 (SE) were randomly divided into 15 cages of polyethylene. The cage had dimensions of length: width: height (100:40:60 cm) and was continuously aerated using a 2 HP air blower with air stones. After 42 days, feeding results revealed that NPsG supplementation had significant effects ( p < 0.05) on improving the performance, physiological indicators, and histomorphometry of the intestine in comparison with the control. Fish that were fed a dietary supplement of 600 mg/kg of NPsG exhibited the highest specific growth rate (2.80%/day), along with elevated levels of intestinal enzymes lipase, amylase, and proteases (212.40, 15.00, and 318.60 U/g of intestine, respectively) and the lowest malondialdehyde level (81 nmol/g of liver tissue). This group was followed by fish fed a diet of 300 mg/kg of NPsG, which did not significantly differ from those fed 600 mg/kg of NPsG in superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and histomorphometry of intestine villi. Finally, the complete dose–response recommendation (benefit at 300–600 mg/kg and detriment at 1200).

Implementing area-based management of vulnerable marine ecosystems in areas beyond national jurisdiction: A South Pacific case study - Ashley A. Rowden; Fabrice Stephenson; Martin Cryer; Carolyn J. Lundquist; Owen F. Anderson; Matthew Bennion; Andrew Biggerstaff; Tiffany Bock; Tom Brough; Lee Georgeson; Alexandra Macdonald; Marco Milardi; et al. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2026)

Species range contractions in geographic and environmental space - Ben C. Scheele; Geoffrey W. Heard; Simon Clulow; Jane A. Catford; Richard P. Duncan (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2026)

Spatial models cannot compensate for sampling designs unstructured relative to isotopic variation: implications for baseline isoscape development in the Mediterranean Sea - Sarah Magozzi; Clive N. Trueman; Matthew R.D. Cobain; Kirsteen M. MacKenzie; Katie St. John Glew; José A. Canseco; Eric Díaz-Delgado; Emanuela Fanelli; Paola Rumolo; Joan E. Cartes; Boris Espinasse; Davide Agnetta; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2026)

Evaluation of three bulk tank milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to estimate within-herd prevalence of bovine leukosis virus in dairy farms - Karol Gilberto Solano-Suarez; Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal; Jean-Philippe Roy; Elouise Molgat; Carl A. Gagnon; Sébastien Buczinski; Simon Dufour (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2026)

40Ar/39Ar geochronology, SrNd isotopes and melting conditions of the Dahongshan alkaline basalts: Constraints on mantle modification beneath the northern Yangtze Craton - Yue Song; Xuan-Ce Wang; Simon A. Wilde; Xiang-Zhong Li; Chong-Jin Pang; Si-Yu Hu; Yang Luo; Jia-Xu Tang; Si-Zhe Fu (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Anti-environmental political agendas, firearm deregulation and illegal hunting in Brazil - Hani R. El Bizri; Thais Queiroz Morcatty; Marcela A. Oliveira; Aline Pessutti Rampini; Simon Knoop; Julia E. Fa; Kacie Henson; Camila Alvez Islas; Gabriel Favero Massocato; Arnaud L.J. Desbiez; João Vitor Campos-Silva; Daniel Zani La Laina; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2026)

Standardized microhaplotype databases and frameworks for assessing and mining crop genetic diversity - Dongyan Zhao; Meng Lin; Cristiane H. Taniguti; Alexander M. Sandercock; Shufen Chen; Ebrahiem Babiker; Nahla V. Bassil; E. Charles Brummer; Jose Roberto Camacho; Warren Chatwin; Shu-Yun Chen; Shaun J. Clare; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2026)
Keymessage Standardized microhaplotype databases for eight diverse crops enable multiallelic analyses, comparative genetics, and breeding decisions. Abstract Microhaplotypes are short genomic segments that contain multiple tightly linked variants, providing multi-allelic data that can enhance genetic resolution compared to traditional biallelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Here, we present the creation and utilization of separate microhaplotype databases for eight crop species representing diverse genome sizes, ploidy levels, and breeding systems. We developed a standardized, species-agnostic pipeline for processing, filtering, and databasing microhaplotypes generated using the DArTag targeted genotyping platform. To enhance user accessibility, we developed a no-code, user-friendly application, HapApp, that uses an R Shiny front-end interface to allow breeders and researchers to add unique, standardized microhaplotype identities from raw DArTag reports and iteratively update the existing crop-specific database with the newly discovered microhaplotypes. Selected case studies with these databases highlight the operational advantages of microhaplotypes, especially for challenging, highly heterozygous, or polyploid species. They offer an informative alternative to traditional biallelic SNP analyses for resolving population structures and improving linkage map ordering. This integrated framework provides a reproducible and scalable foundation for managing and exploiting microhaplotype data in plant breeding and genetic research, enabling robust cross-project comparisons and facilitating trait discovery in both simple and complex crop genomes, while enabling comparative genomics and cross-species functional transfer that accelerates genetic gains across all crop species.

Opportunities to improve detection of genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer applying the Tumor-First workflow - Vera M. Witjes; Joanne A. de Hullu; Angela van Remortele; Lilian Vreede; Michiel Simons; Nicoline Hoogerbrugge; Marjolijn J. L. Ligtenberg (Familial Cancer, 2026)
Genetic testing in ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients is very important for patients and their relatives. The Tumor-First workflow uses a tumor DNA test to stratify germline testing for hereditary cancer predisposition as well as treatment options with PARP inhibitors. This workflow is adopted and successfully implemented nationwide. Here, we evaluated recent tumor DNA testing rates in the Netherlands to identify untested OC patient groups and optimize tumor DNA testing rates. OC patients diagnosed in 2023 or 2024 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. We analyzed patient characteristics associated with the likelihood of tumor DNA testing using multivariable logistic regression. Tumor-First testing was performed for 1765 out of the 2221 (79%) OC patients. Patients diagnosed with advanced stage OC were more likely to receive tumor DNA testing (OR = 2.5, p < 0.001) than those with low-stage disease. Compared with patients who underwent surgery as primary treatment, those who received chemotherapy or no primary treatment were less likely to be tested (OR = 0.21 and OR = 0.07, respectively, p < 0.001). Patients who died within 100 days were less likely to receive testing (OR = 0.57, p = 0.003). Patients without resection after diagnosis on biopsy/cytology had the lowest Tumor-First testing rates (58% vs. 87–95%, χ2 p < 0.001). Tumor-First testing rates are high. However, OC patients that do not undergo a resection are less likely to undergo testing. With these data strategies to identify hereditary cancer predisposition in patients and their relatives can be further improved.

Effects of low-molecular-weight organic substances, biochars and temperature on microbial carbon use efficiency - Simon KOHLMANN; Isabel GREENBERG; Rainer Georg JOERGENSEN; Michaela A. DIPPOLD; Bernard LUDWIG (Pedosphere, 2026)

Shallow benthic Antarctic food webs recover complexity after disturbance - Nadescha Zwerschke; Matthew R.D. Cobain; Simon A. Morley; Lloyd A. Peck; Jason Newton; David K.A. Barnes; Simeon L. Hill (Marine Environmental Research, 2026)

Tin isotope fractionation in arc magmas controlled by degassing and slab input - Wei-Cheng Jiang; Jia-Xin She; Alexandra Davidson; Chun-Fei Chen; Chris Firth; Simon Turner; Wei-Qiang Li; Trevor Ireland; Paolo A. Sossi; Jing-Hua Wu; Shane Cronin (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2026)

Thermal stress restructures volatile gas emissions from the model cnidarian Aiptasia - Maggie Wuerz; Caitlin A. Lawson; Clinton A. Oakley; Malcolm Possell; Arthur R. Grossman; Virginia M. Weis; David J. Suggett; Simon K. Davy (Coral Reefs, 2026)
Coral bleaching events, in which symbionts are lost from host tissues, have become more frequent and severe because of climate change—specifically, elevated temperatures. How such events impact biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, compounds that can function as metabolic signalling elements, remains underexplored. Here we used gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to characterise the suite of BVOCs (collectively the ‘volatilome’) from the model sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’) under three temperatures (control: 25 °C; sub-bleaching: 30 °C; and bleaching: 33.5 °C), both without symbionts (aposymbiotic) and when populated by its native dinoflagellate symbiont, Breviolum minutum . The volatilome of symbiotic anemones during bleaching at an elevated temperature was distinct from that at lower temperatures, with high dimethyl sulphide (DMS), eucalyptol, and 1-iodododecane levels at the higher temperature. In comparison, the volatilome of aposymbiotic anemones at sub-bleaching temperature produced the most differentially abundant BVOCs, including 2-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyrazine, acetone, and naphthalene. Symbiotic anemones had 12-fold more ‘core volatiles’ (BVOCs in all biological replicates across all temperature treatments) than aposymbiotic anemones (48 vs . 4 BVOCs); during thermal stress, the symbiotic anemone volatilomes retained their compound richness, whereas the richness of aposymbiotic anemone volatilomes decreased. These observations suggest that symbiotic dinoflagellates enhance BVOC diversity and abundance and may confer a degree of metabolic stability to the intact symbiosis (i.e. ‘holobiont'). Such changes in metabolic outputs can inform our understanding of how coral holobionts respond to increasing seawater temperatures, enable targeted studies of BVOC function, and facilitate the development of biomarkers indicative of coral reef health.

Latitudinal variation in cold tolerance, metabolism, and locomotor performance of green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) - Jerry F. Husak; Margaret A. Duerwachter; Jamie R. Marks; Mahaut V. Sorlin; Simon P. Lailvaux (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2026)

Evolving perspectives on agricultural systems research: Contemporary trends and editorial directions - Jagadish Timsina; Mark van Wijk; Krishna Devkota; Antonius G.T. Schut; Carlos Parra-López; Guillaume Martin; James A. Turner; Emma Stephens; Adam M. Komarek; Simon Fielke; Leonard Rusinamhodzi; Nadine Andrieu; et al. (Agricultural Systems, 2026)

Freshwater biodiversity in a rapidly changing Arctic: An expert horizon scan of key research questions - Joseph M. Culp; Michael Power; Kirsten S. Christoffersen; Willem Goedkoop; Kimmo K. Kahilainen; Milla Rautio; Fernando Chaguaceda; Marie-Pier Hébert; Sanne M. Moedt; Dermot Antoniades; Simon Belle; Daniel Bolnick; et al. (Ambio, 2026)
Arctic freshwater biodiversity is rapidly changing due to climate warming, resource extraction, infrastructure development, and landscape transformation. To improve understanding, predict future responses, and inform policy formulation, research needs must be clearly identified. Using a horizon scan survey, Arctic freshwater experts from government, international agencies, and Indigenous Peoples identified 77 biodiversity research questions with 17 highlighted as most important for near term assessment. These questions span nine thematic categories: biodiversity and taxonomic challenges, hydrological change, productivity and food webs, ecosystem connectivity, methods, monitoring and assessment, permafrost change, winter ecology, anthropogenic development, and Indigenous Knowledge. Climate change emerged as the major driver among all categories and research questions. A key priority identified was the urgent need for long-term, harmonized monitoring programs among Arctic countries. Multiple knowledge gaps detected suggest that circumpolar research collaborations are required to tackle these issues.

Shade-tree biomass and ecosystem services remain stable over 8 years in cocoa agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil - Sofía G. Montalvo-Yánez; Daniel Piotto; Florencia Montagnini; Simon A. Queenborough (Agroforestry Systems, 2026)

Genetic Variation Predominates Over Developmental Temperature‐Induced Plasticity in Shaping Migratory Flight Capacity in the Diamondback Moth - Lei Yue; Jin‐Cui Chen; Ya‐Ning Zhou; Xiu‐Jing Shen; Simon W. Baxter; Mei‐Qiong Xie; Ya‐Jun Gong; Ary A. Hoffmann; Shu‐Jun Wei (Molecular Ecology, 2026)
Insects represent the largest group of migratory animals in terms of species and biomass, yet the relative contributions of population‐associated genetic differentiation and environmental plasticity to insect migration remain unclear. Here, we integrate population genomics with common garden experiments to infer the geographic origins of immigrant populations and evaluate population‐ and developmental‐temperature‐associated variation in migration‐related flight traits in the diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ), a major pest of cruciferous crops. Population‐genomic analyses indicated that immigrant populations sampled in northern China were genetically most closely associated with southwestern populations, which were therefore considered inferred source populations, whereas southeastern populations showed limited genetic affinity with these immigrants and were treated as non‐source reference populations. Genome scans identified 29 genes within outlier regions detected in comparisons of the immigrant and inferred source populations from the non‐source reference populations; these genes were enriched for functions related to signal transduction and energy metabolism. Flight‐mill assays under common garden conditions revealed that the immigrant and inferred source populations generally exhibited greater migration‐associated flight capacity than the non‐source reference populations. Individuals developing at lower temperatures also showed greater flight performance. Variance partitioning showed that population origin explained 15%–27% of the variation in flight‐performance traits, whereas temperature explained 3%–7%. Genes located in population‐genomic outlier regions did not overlap with temperature‐responsive genes identified by RNA sequencing across developmental‐temperature treatments in the immigrant population examined. Together, these findings show that population‐associated differences persisting under common garden conditions accounted for more variation in migration‐associated flight capacity than did the developmental‐temperature treatments examined here.

Prioritizing Shark, Ray, and Chimaera Conservation in Rapidly Changing Polar Waters - Vanessa B. Bettcher; Amanda Batlle‐Morera; Peter M. Kyne; Ryan Charles; Emiliano García‐Rodríguez; Christoph A. Rohner; Asia O. Armstrong; Margaret O’Leary Amsler; Natalia V. Chernova; Brynn M. Devine; Andrey V. Dolgov; Meghan M. Donovan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2026)
Climate‐driven alterations in sea‐ice dynamics and shifting fishing activity are reshaping ecosystems across the Arctic and Antarctic, yet conservation‐relevant information for chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) remains limited. We present the first assessment of Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs) across Polar Waters, integrating species distributions, extinction risk, critical habitat evidence, spatial protection coverage, apparent fishing effort (2013–2018 vs. 2019–2024), and sea‐ice concentration trends. Of 86 chondrichthyan species reported from Polar Waters, only 15 (17.4%) had sufficient evidence to meet the ISRA Criteria, and 28 (32.6%) are threatened with extinction. We identified 35 ISRAs (27 Arctic; 8 Antarctic) covering 0.75% of the Polar Waters region. ISRAs were delineated predominantly based on data from scientific fishing surveys and harvest fisheries. Most Antarctic ISRAs were delineated under Criterion B—Range Restricted, reflecting endemism and scarce life‐history evidence. Major knowledge gaps persist, particularly for highly adapted Polar Species (10 species) and deepwater taxa (72.1% of regional chondrichthyan fauna). Between 2013 and 2024, the spatial footprint of fishing expanded in both poles for trawlers and longliners, despite stable or declining fishing hours in some fleets. Concurrent areas of increasing fishing effort and decreasing sea‐ice concentration remained minimal. However, apparent fishing effort overlapped with most ISRAs, indicating ongoing fishing pressure in critical habitats. Marine Protected Area (MPA) coverage remains uneven: 8.2% of Arctic ISRA spatial extent overlaps MPAs (0.8% no‐take), compared with 43.8% in the Antarctic (14.8% no‐take), with insufficient effective coverage in areas beyond national jurisdiction. These results reveal substantial mismatches between chondrichthyan critical habitats, fishing exposure, and existing protection measures. Integrating ISRAs into existing management frameworks, such as Target 3 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, High Seas Treaty mechanisms, and fisheries governance bodies, will be essential to safeguard vulnerable polar chondrichthyans as sea‐ice concentration declines and exposure risk increases.

Shallow evolutionary divergence in the Antarctic notothenioid genus Harpagifer across the Southern Ocean - Nicolas I. Segovia; Valentina Bernal-Durán; Javier Naretto; Mathias Hüne; Thomas Saucède; Guillaume Schwob; Paul Brickle; Simon A. Morley; Ofer Gon; Tshoanelo Miya; Karin Gérard; Pilar A. Haye; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2026)

Decoupled mobilization of organic carbon and nitrogen in aged wildfire ashes - Travis Numan; Abrar Shahriar; Srinidhi Lokesh; Anil Timilsina; Sudarshan Basyal; Yasaman Raeofy; Qian Zhao; Jocelyn A. Richardson; Simon R. Poulson; Vera Samburova; Yu Yang (Chemosphere, 2026)

Soil cultivation for potatoes. A global survey of cultivation practices - Mark A. Stalham; Shaunagh Slack; Ryan Barrett; Ranjan Bhattacharyya; Karina M.V. Cavalieri-Polizeli; Rosario Fuentes del Río; Iain Kirkwood; John E. McPhee; Simon McWilliam; Mark J. Pavek; Mehdi Rahmati; Lautaro Rios; et al. (Soil and Tillage Research, 2026)

A review of early Paleozoic subduction-accretion tectonics in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, Northeastern Tibet: Implications for the evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean - Dong Fu; Bo Huang; Timothy Kusky; Simon A. Wilde; Fengyu Qi; Xiaoxue Shan; Yilin Qu; Hong Wang (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Human shield: a context-dependent strategy of roe deer in an alpine human-dominated landscape - V. Ruco; R.N. Simon; N. Pagon; M. Garel; W. Gaudry; R. Černe; A. Loison; F. Marucco (Biological Conservation, 2026)

Effects of temperature and relative humidity on germination, vegetative growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity of native Beauveria bassiana isolates and formulations against adult desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål) - Pamela C Mwikali; Lizzy A. Mwamburi; Simon Peter Musinguzi (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2026)

“Going Flat” After Mastectomy: A Social Media Analysis of Patient Perspectives and Educational Needs - Gabrielle Knauer; Tamara Lalovic; Catherine Simon; Richard J. Bleicher; Adam Walchak; Sameer A. Patel; Austin D. Williams (Journal of Cancer Education, 2026)
Aesthetic flat closure (AFC) is a surgical option following mastectomy that aims to create a smooth chest wall. Although formally recognized by the National Cancer Institute in 2020, patients continue to report challenges in accessing AFC. Social media platforms may serve as an important source of support and education for patients considering this option. We characterized patient perspectives and experiences related to AFC through analysis of discussions on Reddit and TikTok. Using the search term “flat,” posts from the r/breastcancer forum were reviewed within Reddit’s 1,000 post-and-comment visibility limit. AI-assisted thematic analysis was used to identify recurring discussion themes. TikTok was searched using the terms “going flat,” “going flat mastectomy,” and “aesthetic flat closure.” A total of 370 Reddit posts and 74 TikTok posts met inclusion criteria for relevance to AFC. Posts were most often neutral in tone; however negative sentiment was nearly three times more common on Reddit than TikTok (28.9% vs. 11%). On Reddit, the most common area of discussion was comparison of AFC with other post-mastectomy reconstructive options. “Flat denial,” defined as neglecting to perform a true AFC either intentionally or inadvertently, appeared more frequently on Reddit (8.4% vs. 4.0%). AI analysis identified recurring themes including flat denial, inadequate counseling, and misinformation regarding AFC. While discussions surrounding AFC were often neutral or positive, concerns regarding inadequate information, patient counseling, and flat denial persist. These findings highlight the need for greater surgeon familiarity with AFC and more comprehensive patient education on post-mastectomy options.

Diet of juvenile skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris : Ontogenetic shifts, predator–prey size ratios and mouth gape allometry - Joshua P. Egan; Peter J. Hundt; Neil P. Rude; Jason A. DeBoer; Benjamin J. Lubinski; Kristopher A. Maxson; Levi E. Solomon; Andrya L. Whitten Harris; Andrew M. Simons (Journal of Fish Biology, 2026)
The skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris inhabits Gulf of Mexico drainages, primarily the Mississippi River Basin, and estuarine environments in the Gulf of Mexico. The trophic ecology of the skipjack herring is poorly understood, therefore we quantified the length, mouth gape and gut contents of juvenile skipjack herring from the Mississippi River (fish n = 6), Illinois River (fish n = 181) and Ohio River (fish n = 255) and tested for changes in diets and predator–prey size ratios during ontogeny. We identified statistically significant changes in prey type consumption during ontogeny. Aquatic insects dominated the diets of skipjack herring 40 mm SL were primarily composed of fishes. The most prevalent fish species consumed by skipjack herring were invasive bigheaded carps Hypophthalmichthys spp. and preliminary evidence indicated that inter‐annual variation in the consumption of bigheaded carps was driven by variation in juvenile bigheaded carp abundance. Additional research is needed to determine if the enhancement of native skipjack herring populations could be used as a tool to limit bigheaded carp population sizes. Skipjack herring SL and mouth gape were both significantly positively correlated with maximum, median and minimum sizes of prey consumed. There were allometric changes in the mouth gape of juvenile skipjack herring, with the ratio of mouth gape to SL increasing until ~80 mm SL, then gradually declining. Maximum mouth gape to SL ratios corresponded to substantial increases in the consumption of fishes, indicating that mouth gape allometry may facilitate the ontogenetic transition to piscivory in the skipjack herring. This study improves our understanding of skipjack herring ecology and provides data that can be incorporated into future ecological and evolutionary research, such as the development of food web models.

Climate Predicts Tree Dispersal Strategies Across Brazil's Ecosystems - Fernanda C. Souza; Vinícius Andrade Maia; Renata Françoso; Matheus Coutinho Freitas de Oliveira; Ana Beatriz Ligo; Bruno X. Pinho; Jesús Aguirre‐Gutiérrez; Martin Sullivan; Larissa Rocha‐Santos; Laura de Brito Évora; Leonardo de Sousa Miranda; María Natalia Umaña; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Aim We investigate the distribution of dispersal modes — endozoochory (via animal ingestion), synzoochory (via animal seed accumulation) and anemochory (via wind)—and seed mass of woody plants across Brazilian ecosystems, testing whether their relative abundance in local plant communities could be predicted by climate, edaphic factors and dispersal agents (e.g., the main vectors moving seeds). We expected climate to be the main predictor of dispersal strategy abundance. Location Brazilian ecosystems (Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga). Time Period 2004–2020. Major Taxa Studied Woody angiosperms, trees and shrubs. Methods We assigned seed mass to 1984 species and dispersal mode to 2203 species within 300 old‐growth and non‐flooded plots. We employed Random Forest regressions to assess the influence of water availability, temperature seasonality, soil fertility, wind and frugivorous primates on the community‐weighted means of seed mass and dispersal modes. We mapped predictions and estimated the area of applicability to identify regions where predictions were reliable. Results Climate was the main factor predicting tree dispersal strategies, followed by dispersal agents or soil properties. Endozoochory was prevalent in wetter regions with high water availability and greater diurnal temperature range. Anemochory was more common in drier regions with low water availability, stronger winds and greater diurnal temperature range, whereas synzoochory was more abundant in areas with low temperature seasonality. Heavier seeds were more prevalent in regions with less seasonal temperatures, smaller diurnal temperature ranges and weaker winds. Main Conclusions Climate is a key predictor of the distribution and prevalence of plants with contrasting dispersal modes and seed masses. We thus expect functional responses to environmental change associated with shifts in the relative abundance of dispersal strategies, with implications for ecosystem services. Our results also highlight the critical role of plot‐based datasets in improving our understanding of how environmental factors influence seed dispersal strategies across tropical ecosystems.

Stomatal Decoupling From Photosynthesis Under High Temperatures Is Consistent With Stomatal Optimisation - Simon R. G. Jones; Georg Wohlfahrt; Andrew D. Friend; Peter J. Franks; Alexander W. Cheesman; Lucas A. Cernusak; Haoyu Diao; Xiaolong Feng; Josef Urban; Tyeen Taylor; Martijn Slot; Lina M. Mercado; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2026)
Stomatal pores on plant leaves regulate the gain of carbon through photosynthesis and the loss of water through transpiration. Through their responses to environmental conditions, stomata can constrain plant productivity and transpiration fluxes, exerting a strong control on climate feedbacks over land. Although mechanistic modelling of stomata remains a challenge, semi‐empirical and optimisation models have been successfully applied to improve the simulation of land‐atmosphere fluxes of water and carbon. Optimisation approaches assume that some aspect of plant function, such as photosynthesis or growth rate, is optimised with respect to an environmental constraint, such as available soil water. Both optimisation models and semi‐empirical models predict that stomatal conductance will increase in concert with rising photosynthetic rates as temperatures approach a thermal optimum, beyond which declines in both photosynthesis and stomatal conductance are expected. However, a growing number of experiments have found that while photosynthesis declines beyond its thermal optimum, stomatal conductance often continues to increase at high temperatures. Early modelling work suggests that this phenomenon can be captured and explained by an optimal thermoregulation strategy via increased evaporative cooling at the leaf surface. However, many stomatal conductance models that are embedded within climate and Earth System Models do not correctly account for this feedback and so cannot capture observed decoupling. Here, we demonstrate that if leaf temperature is calculated iteratively outside the optimisation scheme, as is commonly done in Earth System Models, stomatal decoupling will not be captured. However, by calculating leaf temperature in parallel with optimal stomatal conductance, we find that we are able to capture observed decoupling and improve predicted leaf temperature and gas exchange. Correctly implementing the leaf energy balance equation within stomatal optimisation models will be essential for capturing high temperature responses of forests across the globe.

Contrasting cryptofaunal responses to seabird nutrient inputs illuminate coral reef productivity pathways - Laura‐Li Jeannot; Ruth E. Dunn; M. Joyce P. Velos; Gareth J. Williams; Cassandra E. Benkwitt; Nicholas A. J. Graham; Simon J. Brandl (Ecology, 2026)
Nutrients moving across ecosystems can propagate through food webs via distinct trophic pathways. Their integration into food webs is often mediated by small, abundant taxa that channel subsidies from primary producers to higher trophic levels. On coral reefs, cryptobenthic fishes and invertebrates can fill these roles, yet their responses to allochthonous nutrients are poorly understood. We compared cryptofaunal communities and associated trophic dynamics across nutrient‐rich islands with intact seabird populations and nutrient‐poor rat‐infested islands in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Specifically, we evaluated how the presence of seabird colonies influenced cryptofaunal nutrient assimilation, biomass, structure, and isotopic niche dynamics, and how these shifts propagated to mesopredators and higher order piscivorous and invertivorous fishes. Most cryptobenthic fishes and some invertebrates showed nutrient enrichment near seabird colonies. Although the isotopic niches of cryptobenthic fishes and invertebrates overlapped, niche widths diverged in nutrient‐rich environments, with invertebrates exhibiting broader niches and cryptobenthic fishes remaining comparatively constrained, reflecting differential access to shared resources. Mixing models also reflected a shift toward cryptobenthic fishes in the diet of a mixed carnivore near seabird colonies. Community patterns revealed strong asymmetries: Nutrient‐rich reefs supported twice the amount of cryptobenthic fish biomass and a 10‐fold increase in larger piscivorous fish productivity, while reefs near rat‐infested islands were characterized by relatively greater cryptic invertebrate biomass and higher invertivore productivity. Taken together, these results suggest that cryptobenthic fishes' capacity to capitalize on seabird nutrients may allow them to exert competitive dominance and top‐down control over invertebrates in nutrient‐rich environments, thereby amplifying piscivorous pathways, while nutrient‐poor environments appear to favor invertebrates and their consumers. Rather than reflecting uniform biomass loss under rat invasion, these patterns indicate a shift in trophic routing from fish‐mediated to invertebrate‐mediated energy channels. Our findings demonstrate that cross‐ecosystem nutrient vectors do not simply enhance reef productivity but reorganize trophic structure. Therefore, invasive species that sever these linkages can drive the emergence of alternative food‐web configurations with distinct energetic pathways.

Evaluating a structured expert elicitation approach for adaptive conservation management based on lessons from five years in practice - Helen J. Mayfield; James Brazill‐Boast; Mick Andren; Michiala Bowen; Adam Fawcett; Trent Forge; Luke Foster; Ross Goldingay; Paul Hillier; Meagan Hinds; Simon Lee; Erica Mahon; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2026)
Adaptive management of threatened species relies on having ex ante estimates of species’ responses to different interventions. Structured expert elicitation is often used to generate these estimates, but comparisons of these expert‐predicted outcomes with observed results are rare. This study aims to evaluate the utility of expert elicitation for adaptive management in the New South Wales Saving our Species program in Australia by revisiting six species management plans that were generated from tailored structured elicitation guidelines developed five years prior. Each species’ management plan included a defined scope, conceptual model, monitoring indicators, and estimated response to management curves under different scenarios. Experts reviewed the conceptual models after five years of management and compared the predicted response to management with observed monitoring data. In three of the six case studies, observed outcomes closely matched predictions. Where predictions diverged, factors such as unanticipated new threats and unexpected responses to interventions potentially contributed to discrepancies. However, in all cases, the structured approach provided a clear logic for planning, enabling managers to systematically refine their understanding. The conceptual models and response curves were valuable for collaborating, communicating, and generating hypotheses for unexpected results. This work demonstrates the value of tailored guidelines in supporting adaptive management processes and showcases the value of documenting expert knowledge in management settings with high uncertainty.

Thermal infrared and ultraviolet remote sensing of sulfur dioxide gas emitted during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi - Andrea Gabrieli; Christoph Kern; Allan Lerner; Vincent J. Realmuto; Simon Carn; Patricia A. Nadeau; Robert Wright; John N. Porter (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2026)

Analysis of second-generation epigenetic clocks reveals further associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume - Lidija Milicic; Michael Vacher; Vincent Doré; Pierrick Bourgeat; Rosita Shishegar; James D. Doecke; Paul Maruff; Christopher C. Rowe; Victor L. Villemagne; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Marine mammals and body ornaments in the Upper Palaeolithic: a rare example of a seal tooth pendant from Kents Cavern, Devon, U.K. - Simon A. Parfitt; Lucile Crété; Rob Dinnis; Claire Lucas; Barry Chandler; Silvia M. Bello (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2026)

New evidence for the Clactonian-Acheulean succession during MIS 11 from Devereux's Pit, Suffolk, UK - Rob Davis; Marcus Hatch; Simon G. Lewis; Claire Lucas; Simon O'Connor; Claire R.E. Harris; Joshua T. Hogue; Dylan Jones; Ellie Nelson; Simon A. Parfitt; Richard C. Preece; Kathryn M. Price; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2026)

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in neurodevelopment and prematurity: Correcting imbalances and closing the Preterm PUFA Gap - Simon C. Dyall; J. Thomas Brenna; Susan E. Carlson; Michael A. Crawford; Camilia R. Martin; Norman Salem (Progress in Lipid Research, 2026)

Mycobacterium avium complex in captive swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor): a case series highlighting liver, lymphoid and bone predilection - Andreu Masdefiol Garriga; Stephanie M. Mota; Barbara Ferreira; Simon J. Girling; Liam A. Wilson (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2026)

Cytoplasmic flow dynamics in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are intrinsic and independent of plant hosts - Malin Klein; Loreto Oyarte Gálvez; Daniel van der Lugt; Corentin Bisot; Simon van Staalduine; Stuart A. West; Vasilis Kokkoris; Lemeng Dong; Harro Bouwmeester; Thomas S. Shimizu; James T. Weedon; E. Toby Kiers (Fungal Biology, 2026)

Packaging films prepared from hot acid vs ultrasound-assisted microwave extracted pectin: a comparative study - Chandra Mohan Chandrasekar; Michael A. Jackson; Karl E. Vermillion; Kervin O. Evans; Andre K. White; Stefanie Simon; Arland T. Hotchkiss; Pankaj Koirala; Rishabh Goyal; Shyam S. Sablani; Wei Zhao (Food Hydrocolloids, 2026)

The stable K and Rb isotope composition of Icelandic basalts: Implications for mantle heterogeneity - Heini Merrill; Simon W. Matthews; Sæmundur A. Halldórsson; Enikő Bali; Baoliang Wang; Wei Dai; Frederic Moynier (Chemical Geology, 2026)

The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project Phase 2 data release: An open data resource for the study of Earth's environmental history - Úna C. Farrell; Hunter C. Olson; Maya O. Thompson; Michelle L. Abshire; Oyeleye O. Adeboye; Anne-Sofie C. Ahm; Lewis J. Alcott; Thomas J. Algeo; Ross P. Anderson; Arif H. Ansari; Lucas Pinto Heckert Bastos; Kohen W. Bauer; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Translating community perceptions and concerns into planning: climate change adaptation in Hooper Bay, Alaska - Joseph T. Molina; Agatha A. Napoleon; Estelle Angutekaraq Thomson; Colleen Timmer; Andre Simon; Agulria Smart; Billy Tinker-Smith; Nicole Schmitt; Chelsey Cook (Regional Environmental Change, 2026)

Correction: Wind conditions do not consistently affect large-scale movement decisions of large savanna herbivores - Sara Gomez; Melinda Boyers; Alexandre Caron; Daniel Cornelis; Henjo de Knegt; Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky; Jasper A. J. Eikelboom; J. Werner Kilian; Norman Owen-Smith; Thomas Prin; Adrian M. Shrader; Jared A. Stabach; et al. (Oecologia, 2026)

Repeatable methods to establish and maintain cultures of Antarctic bdelloid rotifers - Melanie D. Borup; Catherine K. King; Simon J. Wotherspoon; Kerrie M. Swadling; John A. E. Gibson (Hydrobiologia, 2026)

Structural characterisation of a fucose-rich acidic extracellular polysaccharide produced by Lindavia intermedia in New Zealand lakes - Cara A. Luiten; Ian M. Sims; Tracey J. Bell; Peter T. Northcote; A. Jonathan Singh; Andrew R. Lewis; Guilherme L. Sassaki; Phil M. Novis; Marc Schallenberg; Simon F.R. Hinkley (Algal Research, 2026)

Critical habitats for sharks and rays in Asia remain largely unprotected - Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana; Peter M. Kyne; Emiliano García-Rodríguez; Ryan Charles; Vanessa Bettcher Brito; Asia O. Armstrong; Amanda Batlle-Morera; Marta D. Palacios; Christoph A. Rohner; Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara; Jo Marie V. Acebes; Serena Adam; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2026)
The Asia region harbors exceptional chondrichthyan (shark, ray, and chimaera) diversity but faces intense fishing pressure. The Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) process provides a collaborative, evidence-based framework to identify critical habitats and inform spatial management. We assessed ISRAs across the Bay of Bengal, Southeast Asia, and the Northwest Pacific to characterize their extent, ecological significance, and conservation relevance. We delineated 122 ISRAs spanning ~ 1 million km 2 (~ 3% of the region) across 12 jurisdictions and international waters, encompassing habitats for 121 species (~ 30% of Asia’s chondrichthyans), 76% of which are threatened. Depleted taxa (e.g., giant guitarfishes, Glaucostegidae) were represented, but charismatic megafauna (e.g., Whale Shark Rhincodon typus ) were overrepresented. In contrast, deepwater and freshwater species were underrepresented. Reproductive Areas were the most common ISRA sub-criterion applied (52% of ISRAs), largely in nearshore zones, while areas for range-restricted species were less frequently (18%) identified. Twelve ISRAs overlapped with biodiversity hotspots, including seven in areas of high overall chondrichthyan species richness and five in areas of high range-restricted species richness. Citizen science was the predominant research method used to delineate ISRAs, while fisheries data were underused despite the region’s major fisheries footprint. Geographic coverage was uneven: Indonesia held the most ISRAs (n = 40; 71.7% of ISRA coverage) while eight jurisdictions (e.g., Viet Nam, China, Republic of Korea) lacked ISRAs due to data gaps. Protection shortfalls are stark: MPAs cover

Assessment of two minimally invasive methodologies for sex identification in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla - Michael J. Williamson; Jack A. Brand; Kevin Hopkins; Luke O'Connor; Matthew W. Perkins; Christopher Sergeant; Simon Spiro; Taina Strike; Jessica Whinfield; Rosie S. Williams; Ethan Wrigglesworth; Rosalind M. Wright; et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2026)
Sex is an important driver of variation in behaviour, ecology and physiology. Sex identification in the Critically Endangered European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) currently requires fish sacrifice, or the use of morphological differences such as body length, which can be inaccurate in certain habitats and at intermediate body lengths. Non‐lethal tools for accurate sex identification in this species are therefore required. Here, we test the efficacy of two minimally invasive methods of sex identification: (1) ultrasonography and (2) molecular markers taken from pectoral fin clips. Both methodologies were applied to riverine European silver eel and compared to histological sex identification. Ultrasonography accurately identified the gonads in female eel, with males identified by the absence of detectable gonadal structures. The level of expression of three molecular markers ( dcn, LOC111853410 , kera ) previously used to identify sex in Japanese eel ( Anguilla japonica ) were evaluated. There was no significant differential expression of the three molecular markers between sexes, suggesting that these markers cannot be accurately used to identify sex in European eel. Our findings suggest that minimally invasive imaging using ultrasonography can be a reliable tool for identifying sex in early‐stage adult migratory European eels, with particular use at intermediate sizes (400–500 mm) and animals in habitats where migration potential is limited and may regularly exceed typical growth sizes. This technique can be highly valuable for studies that address ecological, behavioural, conservation and management issues in this Critically Endangered species.

Kinetics of aqueous phase ozone reactions of 5-membered aromatic heterocycles - Simon A. Rath; Sungeun Lim; Maria Lia Halder; Urs von Gunten (Water Research, 2026)

Global potential of integrated biorefineries for leaf protein and sugar: Producing sustainable food and preventing starvation in catastrophes - Juan B. García Martínez; Jeffray Behr; Thalles A. Andrade; Simon Blouin; João Costa; David Denkenberger (Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2026)

Evaluation of four molecular detection assays for the diagnosis of Chlamydia pecorum infection in Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) using Bayesian latent class analysis - Jack W. Wheelahan; Alberto Gomez-Buendia; Alistair R. Legione; Simon M. Firestone; Paola K. Vaz; Carol A. Hartley; Natalie L. Rourke; Joanne M. Devlin (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2026)

Petrogenesis and Provenance of Unique Amphibole-Bearing Carbonaceous Chondrite Almahata Sitta 202: Further Evidence for a Ceres-Sized, Water-Rich Parent Body - Cyrena A. Goodrich; Victoria E. Hamilton; Michael E. Zolensky; Noriko Kita; Issaku Kohl; Lauren Tafla; Robert J. Macke; Takahiro Hiroi; Yoko Kebukawa; Wayne Buckley; Jacob B. Setera; Justin I. Simon; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2026)

Effects of thermal processing on physicochemical change, sensory acceptability, and viscosity of tomato ketchup during storage - Simon Ghebrehiwet Teklay; Hermon Fitwi Gebremariam; Samsom Melake Debretsion; Yirgealem Teklehaimanot Tesfagabir; Tesfit Asrat Medhn; John A. Dawson; Jawed Ahmad Rizawi (Food and Humanity, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Tracking the provenance of Greenland-sourced, Holocene aged, individual sand-sized ice-rafted debris using the Pb-isotope compositions of feldspars and 40Ar/39Ar ages of hornblendes” [Earth and Planetary Science Letters 433 (2016) 192–203] - Lee F. White; Ian Bailey; Gavin L. Foster; Georgina Allen; Simon P. Kelley; John T. Andrews; Kelly Hogan; Julian A. Dowdeswell; Craig D. Storey (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

Thermomechanics coupling to Monte Carlo particle transport on unstructured mesh geometries using Cardinal - Mahmoud Eltawila; Pierre-Clément A. Simon; Guillaume L. Giudicelli; Helen Brooks; Nicholas Wozniak; April J. Novak (Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2026)

Diversity and functional group composition drive biogeographic patterns in marine biogenic structural complexity - Dean S. Janiak; Matthew A. Whalen; David R. Branson; Soledad Álvarez; Gail V. Ashton; Nicholas M. Bartkowiak; Simon J. Brandl; João Canning‐Clode; Jordan M. Casey; Max C. N. Castorani; Carolina César‐Ávila; Rachel Collin; et al. (Ecology, 2026)
Biogenic structural complexity is a key driver of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet its ecological and environmental determinants remain poorly understood across broad biogeographic scales. Here, we conducted standardized 90‐day field experiments at 16 coastal sites, spanning a 41‐degree latitudinal gradient, using naturally assembled marine fouling communities on settlement panels. We measured rugosity as our metric of biogenic structural complexity and modeled its relationship with species richness, community composition, community growth rates, and abiotic conditions (salinity and temperature). Species richness increased with temperature and salinity and declined with latitude, with more diverse communities exhibiting greater biogenic complexity due to increased morphological variation. At high‐latitude sites, low‐diversity communities dominated by arborescent bryozoans also had increased complexity. Structural equation models showed that abiotic conditions influenced growth and composition, which in turn shaped complexity. Warmer, saltier sites promoted richness‐driven complexity, while colder conditions favored structurally important dominant taxa. We found that biodiversity is important not only as a beneficiary of complexity but also as a contributor to complexity itself within fouling communities. Our results also demonstrate that both species richness and functional group identity regulate biogenic complexity across environmental gradients, underscoring biodiversity's role in supporting ecosystem structure and resilience in the face of increasing global change. Understanding these relationships is essential for biodiversity conservation and the management of marine ecosystems facing increasing anthropogenic pressures.

Greater recalled pain and movement-evoked pain are associated with longer 400-m walk and repeat stair climb timein older adults: the study of muscle, mobility, and aging - Theresa Mau; Corey B. Simon; Haley N. Barnes; Megan Hetherington-Rauth; Scott R. Bauer; Elsa S. Strotmeyer; Nancy E. Lane; Michael C. Rowbotham; Ashley A. Weaver; Terri L. Blackwell; Yurun Cai; Nancy W. Glynn; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Evaluation of antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of new nodulisporacid derivatives isolated from endophytic fungus Hypoxylon pulicicidum using in silico studies - Pierre Roger Koliye; Achille Nouga Bissoue; Baruch Ateba Amana; Jean Pierre Longue Ekon; Tengu Awazi; Samuel Magloire Bissim; Yu Hao Wang; Eitel Ngoh Misse Mouelle; Viktor Emanuel Simons; Lasse Van Geelen; Sergi Herve Akone; Luc Léonard Mbaze Meva’a; et al. (Natural Product Research, 2026)

Heterogeneity in seed traits: an overlooked breeding opportunity - Luqman B. Safdar; Ian D. Fisk; Rahul A. Bhosale; Simon Griffiths; Malcolm J. Hawkesford; Scott A. Boden; M. John Foulkes (Trends in Plant Science, 2026)

Timing and amplitude of hydroclimate changes during the last glacial cycle in southwestern North America - Simon D. Steidle; Yuri Dublyansky; Marco Roman; Gina E. Moseley; Kathleen A. Wendt; R. Lawrence Edwards; Christoph Spötl (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2026)

Fennel essential oil as a natural feed additive to mitigate heat stress in broilers: Effects on growth, physiological and immunological responses, and intestinal morphology - Samar A. Tolba; Shimaa A. Amer; Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith; Elsayed M. Younis; Ahmed Gouda; Gehad E. Elshopakey; Noura A. Abd-Allah; Rehab Reda; Rehab I. Hamed; Gehan K. Saleh; Gehan N. Alagmy; Simon J. Davies; et al. (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2026)

Managed environmental flows and tributary inflows differently stimulate bacterial production and change microeukaryote communities in a regulated river - Lauren O'Brien; Nachshon Siboni; Jordan A. Facey; Justin R. Seymour; Simon M. Mitrovic (Journal of Environmental Management, 2026)

Integrating new land cover classes into ecological models to predict their biodiversity impacts - Ellen Knight; Tom D. Breeze; Robbie D. Girling; Alexa Varah; Michael P.D. Garratt; Louise A. Hutchinson; Simon G. Potts; Jo Smith; Tom Staton; Emma Gardner (Ecological Modelling, 2026)

Particulate nitrate over the Northwest Atlantic: Insights gained by comparing airborne AMS and PILS measurements - Soodabeh Namdari; Taiwo Ajayi; Yonghoon Choi; Ewan C. Crosbie; Joshua P. DiGangi; Glenn S. Diskin; Eva-Lou Edwards; Johnathan W. Hair; Christopher A. Hostetler; Simon Kirschler; John B. Nowak; Michael Shook; et al. (Atmospheric Environment, 2026)

Wind conditions do not consistently affect large-scale movement decisions of large savanna herbivores - Sara Gomez; Melinda Boyers; Alexandre Caron; Daniel Cornelis; Henjo de Knegt; Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky; Jasper A. J. Eikelboom; J. Werner Kilian; Norman Owen-Smith; Thomas Prin; Adrian M. Shrader; Jared A. Stabach; et al. (Oecologia, 2026)

Mapping wild boar density across Europe: combining spatial models and density estimates - Graham C. Smith; Joaquin Vicente; Simon Croft; Daniel Warren; José A. Blanco-Aguiar; Pelayo Acevedo; Tancredi Guerrasio; Massimo Scandura; Marco Apollonio; João Carvalho; Rita Tinoco Torres; Nuno Pinto; et al. (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2026)
The wild boar population in Europe has been growing in recent decades prior to the arrival of African swine fever (ASF), which has now spread across much of eastern Europe. We obtained two independent sources of wild boar data: occurrence sightings and hunting harvest. We combined these with environmental predictors and used them in two species distribution modelling approaches, a Maxent approach for occurrence data and a GLMM for the hunting harvest, to produce output at the European level. The output of these models was then combined with robust and comparable density estimates from 77 sites across Europe to produce a density estimate and total population size for each country prior to documenting ASF in that country (from 2007 for Georgia to 2022 for most EU countries that are still free from disease). The output indicates a total population of wild boar in Europe between 13.5 and 19.6 million individuals prior to the hunting season each year in the core wild boar range. Population estimates of wild boar in Europe based on occurrence sightings and hunting harvest are highly similar yet vary substantially among countries. Although the output may need to be adjusted where local factors affect the population (e.g., areas of range spread) the output can be used for assessing risk of disease spread and effect of management. We propose that the availability of density estimates from the European Observatory of Wildlife will permit robust population estimates for other species of interest since the methodology is consistent between species and habitats.

Sharing Is Caring?—Pathogens and Pathogen‐Specific Antibodies in Arctic Endemic Seal Species and the Newly Sympatric Harbor Seals in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard - Luca A. Schick; Kit M. Kovacs; Christian Lydersen; Simon Rohner; Ellen Prenger‐Berninghoff; Carsten Heydel; Christa Ewers; Alexander Postel; Nele Gremmel; Paul Becher; Christina Strube; Ursula Siebert (Marine Mammal Science, 2026)
Climate change associated transformations of Arctic marine ecosystems are having detrimental impacts on Arctic endemic marine mammals. However, warming conditions are providing new habitats for temperate marine mammals, some of which are expanding into Arctic regions, posing a threat of novel pathogen introduction and disease transmission. We analyzed swab samples for Influenza A, morbilli‐ (Phocine distemper virus, PDV), and herpesvirus nucleic acid and performed microbiological screenings and serological analyses for antibodies for the same viral pathogens, the bacterial agents Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. and the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma ( T .) gondii from ringed ( Pusa hispida ), bearded ( Erignathus barbatus ), and the newly established harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Antibodies against Phocine Herpesvirus‐1 or antigenetically related phocine herpesviruses (PhHV) were detected in all species. Antibodies against Influenza A were only found in one ringed seal and antibodies against PDV were found in two harbor seals. Twelve harbor seals and two ringed seals tested positive for Herpesvirus DNA by PCR. Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in multiple harbor seals and a single bearded seal. Three harbor, two ringed, and one bearded seal had antibodies against T. gondii . Our results indicate an overlap and possible transmission of pathogens between all investigated seal species. The introduction of new pathogens to the Arctic through temperate species' range expansions could have fatal consequences for immunologically naive Arctic seal populations and should be further investigated.

Origins and environmental impacts of distal rhyolitic tephra layers on Chatham Island, New Zealand - Anna L. Miller; Simon J. Barker; Katherine A. Holt; Stephen B. Piva; Colin J. N. Wilson (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2026)
Chatham Island, ~700 km east of mainland New Zealand, preserves several macroscopic tephra beds, sourced from the central Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ) some 850 km away. These layers, often enclosed within peat, provide insights into the eruptive characteristics, timing and paleoenvironmental impacts of large explosive rhyolitic eruptions in a distal setting. We report the nature, origins and impacts of these tephras by documenting bulk and centimetric‐scale stratigraphic changes in glass shard geochemistry and millimetric‐scale changes in pollen assemblages in the enclosing peats. Three layers are investigated: the ~25.5 ka Kawakawa–Ōruanui Tephra (KOT), the ~345 ka Rangitawa Tephra and one newly discovered tephra. The KOT shows no stratigraphic variability in glass composition throughout ~15 cm thickness. The Rangitawa Tephra contains three glass populations that were deposited sequentially throughout the eruption and further link this tephra to the Whakamaru supereruption. The new tephra has two glass populations and is matched to the ~322 ka Matahina caldera‐forming eruption. High‐resolution sampling of peat bracketing the KOT and Rangitawa Tephra reveals marked changes in local vegetation following the deposition of both tephras. The nature of the changes varies between events and can be explained by differing paleoenvironmental settings, climate and/or tephra thickness.

Thermal Stress‐Induced Alterations to Oxylipin Signal Receptors in the Cnidarian–Dinoflagellate Symbiosis - Andrea G. Gamba; Clinton A. Oakley; Immy A. Ashley; Arthur R. Grossman; Virginia M. Weis; David J. Suggett; Simon K. Davy (Environmental Microbiology, 2026)
The continuous exchange of molecular signals between partners in the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis is fundamental for maintaining a healthy relationship. This homeostasis is affected by rising seawater temperatures resulting from climate change (i.e., coral bleaching), though little is known about how these molecular signals are altered. Here, we investigated the localisation and abundance of four receptors in the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’) exposed to thermal stress. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined Transient Receptor Potential channel A1 (TRPA1), Prostaglandin E2 receptors 2 (EP2) and 4 (EP4) and Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2 (GRIK2). TRPA1, EP2 and EP4 are involved in oxylipin‐mediated signalling via hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), while GRIK2, part of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) family, has been linked to chemosensory perception in invertebrates. All four receptors were detected in both gastrodermis and epidermis across treatments. While EP4 abundance was unaffected, EP2 increased significantly at 31°C and 34°C in both tissue layers. TRPA1 abundance increased at 34°C in both layers, and GRIK2 increased at 31°C in the gastrodermis and at 34°C in both layers. These results suggest that lipid signalling pathways are thermally modulated, potentially contributing to symbiosis dysfunction and bleaching.

Regeneration of fertile transplastomic Arabidopsis thaliana plants from leaves - Rahim Khan; Liya Simon; Adaobi Mofunanya; Aki Matsuoka; Pal Maliga; Kerry A. Lutz (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Eoarchean low δ18O zircon indicates emergent land at 3.73 Ga” [Precambrian Res. 408 (2024) 107416] - Piotr Król; Monika A. Kusiak; Martin J. Whitehouse; Daniel J. Dunkley; Simon A. Wilde (Precambrian Research, 2026)

Thermal responses and climate change implications of spring and autumn spawning Patagonian squid (Doryteuthis gahi) embryos - Jesse M.A. van der Grient; Barend Stander; Paul Brickle; Simon A. Morley (Marine Environmental Research, 2026)

Improved management of base metal mine tailings impoundment and receiving environment sulfur risks: Nature-based solutions - Lauren E. Twible; James L.S. Arrey; Yunyun Yan; Tara E. Colenbrander Nelson; Kelly J. Whaley-Martin; Chad Jarolimek; Josh J. King; Simon Apte; Lesley A. Warren (Journal of Environmental Management, 2026)

A mid‐Proterozoic coupled Sr and Li isotope excursion and its potential connection to enhanced weathering and ocean oxygenation at 1.57 Ga - Xi Chen; Ying Zhou; Simon W. Poulton; Fred T. Bowyer; Colin Mettam; Shihong Zhang; Maoyan Zhu; Da Li; Philip A.E. Pogge von Strandmann; Benjamin J.W. Mills; Graham A. Shields (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

Standardising research on marine biological carbon pathways required to estimate sequestration at Polar and sub-Polar latitudes - Simon A. Morley; David K.A. Barnes; Camila Neder; Ricardo Sahade; Chester J. Sands; Carla M. de Aranzamendi; Kaja Balazy; Piotr Balazy; Facundo Barrera; Narissa Bax; Sofia Becerra; Lucia Bergagna; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Seasonal variation in zooplankton assemblages in Ryder Bay, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula - Alice Clement; Simon A. Morley; Lloyd S. Peck (Polar Biology, 2026)
Seasonal and inter-annual variations in zooplankton play a vital role in marine ecosystems. In Antarctica, because of the extreme seasonality and ice extent, zooplankton studies are predominantly conducted in summer and are based offshore. Therefore the drivers of variability are poorly understood. Here, we present one of the few year-round studies of seasonality of zooplankton communities at a coastal site in Ryder Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), encompassing both holoplankton and meroplankton. While there were consistent species components to the assemblage, there was also substantial intra- and inter-annual variation throughout the study, suggesting short-term and single-season evaluations are insufficient to provide a comprehensive understanding of zooplanktonic assemblage dynamics and controlling factors. Small copepods and nemertean pilidium (32% and 28% of all individuals seen, respectively) were present throughout all seasons, and both organisms were present in all but one event, peaking at 89% and 90% of individuals sampled, respectively. However, some organisms, such as some species of pteropoda, cnidaria, and echinodermata, were only present once in the 3-year period, suggesting greater overall diversity than this study found and possibly indicating unusual spatial patchiness or multi-year phenologies. Planktonic larvae of benthic species were more abundant in deeper water samples, closer to the seabed, and assemblage composition and abundance were affected by chlorophyll levels. Larvae and zooplankton of pelagic species assemblages were significantly correlated with temperature, salinity, and pigment levels, strongly suggesting links between specific species and environmental conditions, relationships that are likely to be affected by climate change.

Muigaia, a new Paleotropical genus of Convolvulaceae - Simon Wachira Ngima; Vivian Kathambi; Samuel Paul Kagame; Sushant More; Lauren A. Eserman; Rafael Felipe de Almeida; Benoit Loeuille; Marc S. M. Sosef; Patrick Chalo Mutiso; Higor Antonio-Domingues; Lars W. Chatrou; Ana Rita Simões (Kew Bulletin, 2026)
Summary A new genus of Convolvulaceae, Muigaia , is here proposed and fully revised, including molecular phylogenetic analyses, comprehensive morphological and palynological descriptions, identification keys, distribution maps and conservation assessments. It is a strictly paleotropical genus, occurring in Tropical Africa, Madagascar, India and Australia, and remarkably absent from the Malesian region. It is distinctive for the markedly angular stems; deeply palmately lobed, irregularly dissected leaves; leaf-like stipules at the base of the petiole; muricate, verrucose or cristate sepals; a 3-globose stigma and a 6-valved capsule. A revision of the species involved in this complex has resulted in the recognition of a total of seven species, including five new combinations, one new name ( M. shimpalei ) and one newly described species ( M. australiana ), endemic to Australia. The tropical African specimens of M. coptica , in particular, exhibit a wide range of morphological variation and should be investigated in detail. We expect that, now that Muigaia has been phylogenetically and morphologically circumscribed, further revisionary studies could focus on improving the species delimitation, and likely result in the discovery of additional new species to science.

Inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing by seven submerged macrophytes and the influence of season and decomposing plant leachate - Huy A. Luong; Ann-Marie Rohlfs; Jordan A. Facey; Anne Colville; Darren Z. H. Sim; Simon M. Mitrovic (Hydrobiologia, 2026)

Correction: Metrics for understanding large-scale controls of multivariate temperature and precipitation variability - John P. O’Brien; Travis A. O’Brien; Christina M. Patricola-DiRosario; S.-Y. Simon Wang (Climate Dynamics, 2026)

Some Models are Useful…for Estimating Standing Aboveground Carbon in US Forests - Mike Premer; Erin Simons-Legaard; Adam Daigneault; Daniel Hayes; Kevin A. Solarik; Aaron Weiskittel (Journal of Forestry, 2026)

Impact of cover cropping on root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) and nematode communities in Narcissus fields - Vongai Chekanai; Roy Neilson; David Roberts; Simon G. Edwards; Matthew A. Back (Applied Soil Ecology, 2026)

Low foliar nitrogen and elevated defensive metabolites in the invasive weed Calluna vulgaris (heather) may impair biocontrol agent performance - D. Paul Barrett; Maria A. Minor; Paul Peterson; Simon V. Fowler; Arvind K. Subbaraj; David J. Lun; Andrea Clavijo McCormick (Biological Invasions, 2026)
Introducing insect biocontrol agents to manage invasive plants is an effective and sustainable management option. However, biocontrol agents sometimes fail to establish or are ineffective in the new range. Heather beetle Lochmaea suturalis, (Thomson, 1866) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) sourced from the United Kingdom (UK), was introduced into New Zealand’s North Island Central Plateau (CP) to control invasive Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (heather). The beetle was difficult to establish and the few populations that did, achieved poor population growth rates and expansion in contrast to the rapid rates associated with its conspecifics in the UK. We hypothesize that low soil nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous (N and P) on the CP may be linked to changes in C. vulgaris’ primary nutritional and secondary defensive metabolites, leading to poor beetle performance. Testing this hypothesis involved application of N and P to soil in C. vulgaris field plots, measurement of foliar N and Carbon (C), plus using non-targeted metabolomics, exploring differences in the primary and secondary metabolites between treatments. Raising soil nutrients amplified several primary metabolites including N-based amino acids and concomitantly reduced the majority of phenylpropanoids, a secondary metabolite group containing many defensive compounds. This work seeks to better understand, how abiotic conditions in a new environment, influence invasive plant metabolism, potentially altering the efficiency of foliage assimilation which may impair biocontrol agent establishment and effectiveness. Such understanding may be applied to mitigate potential foliar deficiencies at release sites and contribute to improving success rates of biocontrol as a management strategy for invasive plants.

An Urban Taonga: The Distribution and Abundance of Tuna in Urban Streams Across Tāmaki Makaurau, Aotearoa‐New Zealand - Nicole A. Whitelock; Kevin S. Simon; George L. W. Perry (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2026)
Freshwater eels of the Anguilla genus are experiencing global decline, largely driven by human activity. In Aotearoa‐New Zealand, tuna (both shortfin and longfin eels) are similarly affected, with habitat fragmentation and modification key drivers of their decline. We investigated the distribution and abundance of tuna across regional, catchment and reach‐level scales in an urban environment. We developed species distribution models (SDMs) across the Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) region to explore patterns in tuna distribution across an urbanisation gradient. Additionally, we conducted a field survey across an urban catchment in Tāmaki Makaurau to assess the local habitat features associated with tuna presence and abundance. The predictive power of our SDMs was limited, and the field survey revealed that tuna were broadly distributed throughout the urban catchment, displaying only weak associations with specific habitat features. These findings suggest that in the absence of movement barriers, tuna can occupy a wide range of habitats throughout urban streams. However, the presence of tuna may not indicate suitable habitat for survival and growth, as their robust and opportunistic nature allows them to persist even in suboptimal environments.

Plant‐Induced Transcriptional Plasticity Diverges Between Generalist and Specialist Herbivores - Jun Wu; Zhimou Lin; Guomeng Li; Wenyuan Yu; Yangzhi Zhang; Yishuo Kou; Pengshuai Peng; Tingfen He; Yu Wang; Shuai Zhan; Jean‐Christophe Simon; Saskia A. Hogenhout; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2026)
Most herbivores are specialised on particular host plants but some are generalists that can exploit distinct hosts. Generalists may have evolved adaptive transcriptional plasticity to cope with the defences of the different hosts. However, the fundamental differences in plant‐induced transcriptional plasticity between generalists and specialists remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated transcriptional plasticity of the generalist aphid Myzus persicae and two specialist aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae and Rhopalosiphum padi , by transferring them between Brassica napus (a host for B. brassicae but not for R. padi ) and Zea mays (a host for R. padi but not for B. brassicae ), both suitable hosts for M. persicae . Generalist and specialist aphids exhibited transcriptional plasticity coordinately in response to different plant species, but their gene expression patterns often diverged. Generalist aphids attenuate the activation or even suppress salicylic acid (SA) signalling in host plants, whereas specialist aphids provoke it in nonhost plants. SA signalling had limited effects on gene expression in the generalist aphids, but significantly shaped transcriptional responses of the specialists. These findings underscore the fundamental differences in plant‐induced transcriptional plasticity between generalists and specialists and highlight the critical role of plasticity directionality in insect adaptation.

Drivers of Viral Diversity and Sharing in Marine Mammals - Matthew J. Arnold; Laura M. Bergner; Haris Malik; Mariel ten Doeschate; Nicholas J. Davison; Andrew Brownlow; Nardus Mollentze; Simon A. Babayan; Daniel G. Streicker (Molecular Ecology, 2026)
Knowledge of viral infection in marine mammals, a group severely threatened by human activity, is largely limited to the pathology and epidemiology of few endemic viruses. The recent emergence in marine mammals of high‐consequence viruses, such as H5N1 avian influenza and rabies, underscores the importance of understanding the ecology of viral transmission in these species. Metatranscriptomic approaches now enable relatively unbiased characterisation of full viral communities that can reveal ecological and evolutionary drivers of infection. We sequenced RNA from 15 marine mammal species (42 pools, 237 tissues, 128 animals) sampled in Scotland through the Scottish Marine Animal Strandings Scheme. Viral sequences were detected in 41 of 42 pools, representing more than 120 distinct viral taxonomic units (vOTUs). Virus host network analysis showed that viral communities were partly structured by host taxonomy, with clear differences between seals and cetaceans. However, vOTUs were frequently shared between species, mirroring reported ecological interactions, including cross‐order sharing between seals and cetaceans. Generalised linear models showed no effect of host taxonomy on viral richness. Instead, age was the strongest predictor: juvenile pools contained roughly twice as many viral taxa as adults and more than neonates, indicating that changing population demography may impact viral transmission in marine mammals. These results provide a basis for understanding how anthropogenic stressors may exacerbate viral transmission in marine mammals and demonstrate the increasing practicality of using genomics to understand ecological and evolutionary drivers of virus infection in natural populations.

Local and Landscape‐Level Environmental Conditions Drive Habitat Selection Across Terrestrial Mammal Species - Björn H. Franke; Aafke M. Schipper; Tal Avgar; Luca Börger; Nilanjan Chatterjee; Thomas Müller; Brian J. Smith; Briana Abrahms; Abdullahi H. Ali; Nina Attias; Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks; Floris M. van Beest; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Aim Animal movements are a fundamental process affecting communities and ecosystems. Quantifying habitat selection across species and habitats is key for understanding how animals respond to environmental change. Currently, we lack comparative studies that examine how habitat selection varies across species traits and landscapes. We aim to quantify global patterns of habitat selection to help understand the fundamental drivers of movement behaviour. Location Global. Time Period Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied Terrestrial mammals. Methods We estimated selection coefficients for terrain ruggedness, vegetation productivity, human population density and distance to roads of individual terrestrial mammals through step‐selection analysis of 1344 GPS tracks across 48 species. We quantified intra‐ and interspecific variation and tested whether selection coefficients were associated with species traits and habitat availability. Results We observe an overall avoidance of roads and areas of high human population density as well as rugged terrain, with a large proportion of individuals selecting for areas of intermediate NDVI. However, we also found large intraspecific variation in habitat selection and show that this variation is predicted by local and landscape‐level environmental conditions rather than species traits. Individuals in more remote areas exhibited weaker functional responses to human presence than those in more disturbed areas. Avoidance of rugged terrain is also context‐dependent, with stronger avoidance when local ruggedness is high. The only exception to the observed intraspecific variability is consistent species‐level responses to road proximity. Main Conclusions Our findings contribute to the understanding of habitat selection by terrestrial mammals, showing that selection is largely shaped by environmental conditions and that animals exhibit high plasticity in their responses. Our results also provide further evidence for the significant impact of roads on animal movement. These insights can help us to understand the potential effects of environmental change on the behaviour of mammal species around the world.

A Conceptual Framework and Methods for Studying the Connectivity of Fishes - Jordanna N. Bergman; Jessica A. Robichaud; Jasper McCutcheon; Michael T. Booth; Brendan Campbell; Grace A. Casselberry; Cienna R. Cooper; Bronwyn M. Gillanders; Lucas P. Griffin; Edward Hale; Luc LaRochelle; Karen J. Murchie; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2026)
Connectivity is a multifaceted concept that has important implications for the management and conservation of marine and freshwater fishes. We developed a conceptual framework that encompasses multiple, interrelated categories of connectedness, including landscape (e.g., structural, functional) connectivity and ecological (e.g., trophic, genetic, demographic) connectivity, that together shape the flow of organisms, energy and information across ecosystems. We also synthesised six key methods that can be used to study connectivity of fishes: (1) telemetry, including satellite, acoustic, radio and passive integrated transponders (PIT), (2) mark‐recapture, (3) environmental tracers, including stable isotopes and otolith‐microchemistry, (4) genetics, (5) community structure analysis and (6) emerging technologies and tools (e.g., remote sensing and artificial intelligence). For each method, we describe the categories of connectivity it can assess and provide real‐world examples where they have been effectively used. We also identify limitations of each method. This article highlights the diverse and evolving toolbox of methods used to assess fish connectivity, underscoring the need for continued collaboration, innovation and integration of new approaches to refine our understanding and address remaining challenges in this critical area of aquatic ecology and fisheries management.

‘Building the (Im)perfect Beast’: Strategies for Identifying Appropriate Spatial Stock Assessment Model Complexity From an International, Blinded High‐Resolution Simulation Experiment - Aaron M. Berger; Daniel R. Goethel; Simon D. Hoyle; Patrick Lynch; Caren Barceló; Alistar Dunn; Brian J. Langseth; Carolina Minte‐Vera; Jemery Day; Haikun Xu; Francisco Izquierdo; Dan Fu; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2026)
Despite their potential to inform sustainable regional harvest and climate‐resilient fisheries management, spatial stock assessment models remain underused for management advice. To identify barriers that inhibit broader use of these methods, we conducted a blinded international simulation experiment mimicking real‐world stock assessment development when confronting spatial complexity. Seven analyst teams built spatially aggregated and spatially explicit assessment models using data simulated from high‐resolution operating models based on Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna and Ross Sea Antarctic toothfish dynamics. Each team documented how assessment software platform, data analyses, model building approach, and diagnostics influenced model complexity and realism. A consensus emerged on key assessment building approaches: (1) conduct high‐resolution data analyses to identify appropriate spatial structure; (2) start with simplified models and incrementally add complexity; (3) iteratively evaluate diagnostics to determine necessary spatial complexity; and (4) maintain models with different spatial structures to aid interpretation. The experiment also revealed several valuable insights for parameterising assessments, including consideration of data pre‐processing with spatiotemporal models to better inform data‐sparse regions; regression trees to identify fleet and spatial structure; trade‐offs in complexity between productivity and movement dynamics to achieve tractable and stable model structures; and ensemble modelling approaches to address structural uncertainty. Our findings demonstrate that international collaborations and simulation experiments are crucial for addressing challenges in implementing spatial stock assessments and for evaluating whether their added complexity is justified given management objectives. Broader collaborations are encouraged to foster innovation in fisheries management and to help recognise the practical trade‐offs between model parsimony and complexity.

Effects of Microbial Biomass and Mineral Premixes on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilisation in Penaeus monodon Fed Low Fishmeal Diets - Ha H. Truong; Matthew R. P. Briggs; Barney M. Hines; Nicholas A. Bourne; Artur N. Rombenso; Cedric J. Simon (Fishes, 2026)
The growth performance of Penaeus monodon is often reduced when fishmeal is extensively replaced with terrestrial ingredients. This study evaluated the efficacy of a marine microbial biomass, NovaqPro™ (NQ), and inorganic mineral premixes in improving the performance of low fishmeal diets. Diets containing soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and bloodmeal were formulated with fishmeal limited to 6%. Treatments included 10% NQ, an experimental inorganic mineral premix, a commercial mineral premix, and their combinations added to the low fishmeal control. A high fishmeal diet was also assessed as a benchmark of performance. NQ supplementation significantly improved shrimp growth, increasing weight gain by 78.7% compared with the low fishmeal control (2.77 vs. 1.55 g shrimp−1) and numerically improved by 25.3% compared with the high fishmeal diet (2.21 g shrimp−1). Similar responses were observed for FCR where NQ diets (1.47–1.68), as well as the high fishmeal diet (1.59), were superior to that of the control diet (2.02). Growth improvements were associated with increased feed intake and higher retention of protein and gross energy. In contrast, mineral premix supplementation did not improve growth, and weight gain was numerically reduced relative to the low fishmeal control. The NQ diet showed higher apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium compared with the high fishmeal diet. These results demonstrate that NQ is an effective mitigation strategy to reduce growth limitations associated with low fishmeal diets in P. monodon, without the need for additional inorganic mineral supplementation.

Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease: a multiscale approach from exposome to neurobiology and precision medicine - Masoud Tahmasian; Jorik D. Elberse; Reihaneh Ahmadi; Wen Liu; Ivana Rosenzweig; Sarah Genon; Simon B. Eickhoff; Bryce A. Mander (GeroScience, 2026)
Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are interconnected public health challenges. However, the underlying mechanisms of their complex relationships remain elusive. Here, we propose a hypothetical integrative, stream-like model outlining how external and internal exposome factors accelerate brain aging, thereby exacerbating circadian dysregulation, orexin-mediated hyperexcitability, metabolic imbalance, and inflammaging. These changes can lead to increased sleep fragmentation and reduced slow-wave sleep, triggering widespread neuroinflammation, glymphatic dysfunction, and the accumulation and dissemination of beta-amyloid and tau peptides. These processes collectively accelerate synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. We also highlight recent neuroimaging evidence that elucidates the neural substrates underlying the relationship between poor sleep and AD. Moreover, tackling their shared burden necessitates the active consideration of inter-individual variability in vulnerable populations through artificial intelligence and computational approaches, aligning with the core tenets of precision medicine. We hope this review encourages clinicians to prioritize monitoring and treating sleep disturbances to reduce the incidence, severity, and consequences of dementia in the general population.

Consumer perception of selected edible insects in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria - Simon Idoko Okweche; Etimbuk Leo Martin; Pius Agaji Oko; Chukwudi Nwaogu; Daniel Etim Jacob; Isong A. Isong; Miyanda N Moonga; Phillip O. Y Nkunika (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2026)

From soil to symbiosis: elemental filtering in a termite-fungus mutualism - Suzanne Schmidt; Kasun H. Bodawatta; Bertil Jensen Bille; Felix Krogh Vissing; Kolotchèlèma Simon Silué; N'golo A. Koné; Erin L. Cole; Søren Rosendahl; Jonathan Z. Shik; Michael Poulsen (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2026)

Repairing of in-mold electronics and life cycle assessment - Stephan Harkema; Diana E. Godoi Bizarro; Maarten H. Bakker; Jan P.H. van Delft; Pim R. Ostendorf; Peter A. Rensing; Lia de Simon; A. van Schaik (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2026)

Possible dickinsoniomorphs from the latest Ediacaran Nama Group, southern Namibia - Brandt M. Gibson; Joshua H.F.L. Davies; Simon A.F. Darroch; Ajani Bissick; Andrea Boscaini; Galen P. Halverson; Frederick J. Hilgen; Peter R. Liberty; Johnathan A. Sorrentino; Bianca R. Spiering; Patricia Vickers-Rich; Marc Laflamme (Precambrian Research, 2026)

Bayesian assessment of three serological tests for the screening of Trypanosoma cruzi in hunting dogs of Virginia and West Virginia, USA - Juan Pablo Guarda; Aida Estefania Pereyra-Cruzado; Walter Logan; Trinity Gleich; Sarah A. Hamer; Simon M. Firestone; Roger Ramirez-Barrios; Cristobal Verdugo (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2026)

A comprehensive experimental and kinetic modeling study of flame speed and ignition delay time in n-hexane-based mixtures - Yakun Zhang; Stephanie A. Coronel; Simon Lapointe; Vaughan L. Thomas; Rémy Mével; Andrea Comandini; Nabiha Chaumeix; Joseph E. Shepherd (Fuel, 2026)

Isolation and characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from taewa (Māori potatoes; Solanum tuberosum L.) - Cara.A. Luiten; Simon F.R. Hinkley; Nick R. Roskruge; Saii A. Semese; Anne-Louise M. Heath; Tracy L. Perry; Nancy J. Rehrer; Ian M. Sims (Food Hydrocolloids, 2026)

From pixels to peaks: integrating LiDAR and RGB drone imagery to map mussel spat on intertidal rocky shores - Marta Román; Bede F.R. Davies; Philippe Rosa; Simon Oiry; Pierre Gernez; José A. Santiago; Celia Olabarria; Laurent Barillé (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2026)

Evaluating biological realism in ecological modelling: application of a novel framework to compare mechanistic and process-based earthworm and wild pollinator population models - Harriet M. Gold; Jacqueline A. Hannam; Simon G. Potts; Claire Brittain; Nika Galic; Alice S.A. Johnston (Ecological Modelling, 2026)

Ultramafic float rocks at Jezero crater (Mars): excavation of lower crustal rocks or mantle peridotites by impact cratering? - O. Beyssac; E. Clavé; O. Forni; A. Udry; A.C. Pascuzzo; E. Dehouck; P. Beck; L. Mandon; C. Quantin-Nataf; N. Mangold; G. Lopez-Reyes; C. Royer; et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

The Sedimentary geochemistry and paleoenvironments project phase 2 data release: An open data resource for the study of Earth's environmental history - Úna C. Farrell; Hunter C. Olson; Maya O. Thompson; Michelle L. Abshire; Oyeleye O. Adeboye; Anne-Sofie C. Ahm; Lewis J. Alcott; Thomas J. Algeo; Ross P. Anderson; Arif H. Ansari; Lucas Pinto Heckert Bastos; Kohen W. Bauer; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Do sward age and pasture renewal affect the potential of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) to reduce N2O emissions from urine patches? - Priscila L. Simon; Pablo Lacerda Ribeiro; Cecile A. M. de Klein (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2026)
Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata ) has shown the potential to reduce nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from urine patches. However, inconsistent results have been reported in previous studies. In this context, the sward age might be a factor regulating plantain effectiveness in mitigating N 2 O emissions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of sward age on N 2 O emissions from urine patches under different sward composition ratios of ryegrass/white clover (RG/WC) and plantain (PL). We also examined the potential impact on N 2 O emissions of transitioning a RG/WC based pasture to PL swards. Two field experiments were undertaken to: (i) compare N 2 O emission from urine applied to 2-year (Old plantain) and 3-month (New plantain) old swards with sowing densities aiming at four proportions of PL mixed with RG/WC (0; 30; 45 and 100% PL) and (ii) assess N 2 O emissions during soil cultivation and sowing following transition from RG/WC to PL swards. New plantain tended to decrease N 2 O emissions from urine patches by ~ 31% relative to RG/WC pastures, but this effect was significant only in the 45% PL. In contrast, there were no significant effects of the Old plantain sward, probably because of increased clover biomass relative to the new sward. In addition, the transition from RG/WC pasture to PL swards increased N 2 O emissions from 0.1 to 1.53 kg N ha −1 . Finally, our results suggest that plantain’s inhibitory effect on N 2 O emissions from cattle urine is more effective in a 3-month-old sward than a 2-year-old sward. However, it was not possible to disentangle effects of sward age and clover share in the sward in this study. Pasture renewal increased N 2 O emissions, and therefore, other approaches to renew swards should be considered to minimize N 2 O emissions.

Computational Modeling of Flow in an in Vitro Cerebrovascular Model Under Pulsatile Conditions with Experimental Validation - Boyang Su; Brent A. Craven; Cody J. Kubicki; Daniel Khalil; Scott D. Simon; Keefe B. Manning (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2026)
Purpose Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to understand various cardiovascular diseases such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which occurs when a blood clot lodges in the cerebrovasculature and obstructs blood flow that may lead to brain damage or death. Compared with medical imaging, CFD can predict hemodynamics and clot migration, which are crucial in better understanding the biomechanics of AIS. To rely on computational modeling, however, the simulations need to be validated by comparing with experiments Methods In this study, we develop an in vitro experimental model of pulsatile flow in the aorta and cerebrovasculature. The model was filled with a blood analog fluid and pulsatile flow was driven by a piston pump to generate realistic physiological flow conditions. Experimental measurements of the time-varying pressure and flow rate were acquired and are used to validate corresponding CFD simulations Results CFD predictions of the time-averaged pressure at the outlets are shown to be within 8% of the experimental measurements, while the time-averaged flow rate is within 1%. Conclusions This work demonstrates a promising capability for modeling embolus migration and lodging in the brain. Future work will validate simulations of clot migration that may be used to better understand AIS biomechanics and treatment options.

Assessing the intensity of Late Quaternary humid phases in the Nefud Desert, northern Arabia - Richard Clark‐Wilson; Simon J. Armitage; Ian Candy; Paul S. Breeze; Nick A. Drake; Huw S. Groucutt; Abdullah M. Alsharekh; Faisal Al‐Jibreen; Michael D. Petraglia; David B. Ryves (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2026)
The climate history of the major dryland zones of the world, such as the Saharo–Arabian Desert belt, plays a key role in the dispersal of early humans through these intermittently inhospitable regions. Here, we assess the relative intensity of Late Quaternary humid phases in northern Arabia through lithological, geochemical, palaeoecological and geochronological analysis of three sediment sequences in the Nefud Desert. Two sequences are marl beds that accumulated in perennial, groundwater‐fed lake systems during two distinct humid phases that occurred in MIS 5e and MIS 5a. The third records sediment accumulation within an ephemeral lake system during the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene. The altitude of the two MIS 5 deposits indicates that the water table must have reached altitudes of >929 m ASL (MIS 5e) and >922 m ASL (MIS 5a). In contrast, the sedimentary characteristics of the early Holocene sequence imply that, during this interval, the water table was

Vulnerability of marine megafauna to global at‐sea anthropogenic threats - Michelle VanCompernolle; Juliet Morris; Hannah J. Calich; Jorge P. Rodríguez; Sarah A. Marley; Jessica R. Pearce; Briana Abrahms; Katya Abrantes; André S. Afonso; Alex Aguilar; Andrews Agyekumhene; Tomonari Akamatsu; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2026)
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threats. The threats we considered included individual fishing gear types, climate‐change‐related subthreats not previously assessed, and threats associated with coastal impacts and maritime disturbances. Our ratings resulted in 70 species having high vulnerability ( v > 0.778 out of 1) to at least 1 threat, primarily drifting longlines, temperature extremes, or fixed gear. These 3 threats were also considered to have the most severe effects (i.e., steepest population declines). Overall, temperature extremes and plastics and other solid waste were rated as affecting the largest proportion of populations. Penguins, pinnipeds, and polar bears had the highest vulnerability to temperature extremes. Bony fishes had the highest vulnerability to drifting longlines and plastics and other solid waste; pelagic cetaceans to 4 maritime disturbance threats; elasmobranchs to 5 fishing threats; and flying birds to drifting longlines and 2 maritime disturbance threats. Sirenians and turtles had the highest vulnerability to at least one threat from all 4 categories. Despite not necessarily having severe effects for most taxonomic groups, temperature extremes were rated among the top threats for all taxa except bony fishes. The vulnerability scores we provide are an important first step in estimating the risk of threats to marine megafauna. Importantly, they help differentiate scope from severity, which is key to identifying threats that should be prioritized for mitigation.

Reaction kinetics of organic sulfur compounds with ozone in aqueous phase - Simon A. Rath; Maria Lia Halder; Urs von Gunten (Water Research, 2026)

Seamounts of Cabo Verde: A review of their ecological and economic significance, anthropogenic impacts, and conservation needs - Covadonga Orejas; Beatriz Vinha; Gillian B. Ainsworth; Sarah Saldanha; Teresa Militão; Christian Mohn; Thor H. Hansteen; Sara S. Ratão; Henk-Jan Hoving; Teresa Amaro; Dominique M.J. Anderson; Deusa Araújo; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2026)

A theoretical appraisal of the GR4J rainfall-runoff modelling framework - Simon A. Mathias; Cyril Thébault; Andrew Ireson (Journal of Hydrology, 2026)

Modelling the accumulation of 137Cs by Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) after a hypothetical nuclear accident in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean - Carmen Cortés; Raúl Periáñez; Barbara A. Block; Michael R. Castleton; Pablo Cermeño; Simon Dedman (Journal of Marine Systems, 2026)

From spontaneous apple fermentations to Calvados: Insights into its aromatic complexity - B. Misery; P. Legendre; J.-P. Simon; V. Bouchart; H. Guichard; A. Sesboue; J.-M. Laplace; M. Cretenet (International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2026)

Portable NIR spectrometer and FTIR and soft modelling to authenticate edible cricket, mealworm and buffalo worm flour - J.P. Cruz-Tirado; Simon A. Haughey; Christopher T. Elliott; Douglas Fernandes Barbin (Food Control, 2026)

Incorporating drone imagery and field-data to assess geographic and social drivers of agroforestry biodiversity in western Ecuador - Sophia C. Roberts; Florencia Montagnini; Ryan L. Lynch; Jerry Toth; Simon A. Queenborough (Environmental Development, 2026)

Guidelines for producing integrated 210Pb and 14C age-models - Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza; Marco A. Aquino-López; Maarten Blaauw; Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández; Johanna L.J. Jupin; Lysanna Anderson; Clarke A. Knight; Marie Rhondelle Champagne; Nicole K. Sanderson; Simon Goring; J. Andrés Christen (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Compassionate conservation practice: supporting diverse conservation actions but context matters - Adam P.A. Cardilini; Liv Baker; William S. Lynn; William T. Borrie; Shelley M. Alexander; Dror Ben-Ami; Simon Coghlan; Tristan Derham; Oded Keynan; Barbara J. King; Christine M. Reed; Erin A. Ryan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2026)

Subsaturated aerosol hygroscopicity over the northwest Atlantic: Impacts of seasonal factors, offshore location, and clouds - Genevieve Rose Lorenzo; Luke D. Ziemba; Yonghoon Choi; Ewan C. Crosbie; Joshua P. DiGangi; Glenn S. Diskin; Richard A. Ferrare; Simon Kirschler; John B. Nowak; Michael A. Shook; Kenneth L. Thornhill; Christiane Voigt; et al. (Atmospheric Environment, 2026)

Correction to: Granulopoietic Dysregulation in a Patient-Tailored Mouse Model of Barth Syndrome - Elizabeth A. Sierra Potchanant; Maegan L. Capitano; Donna M. Edwards; Baskar Ramdas; Scott Cooper; James Ropa; S. Louise Pay; Aditya Sheth; Paige L. Snider; Hilary J. Vernon; Ngoc-Tung Tran; Reuben Kapur; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2026)

Access to agricultural lands influences the effects of seasonal drought on early growth and juvenile body mass in a large herbivore - Noa Rigoudy; Nicolas Morellet; Arnaud Bonnet; Nicolas Cebe; Simon Chamaillé-Jammes; Yannick Chaval; Jean-Michel Gaillard; Bruno Lourtet; Joël Merlet; Jean-Luc Rames; A. J. Mark Hewison (Oecologia, 2026)

Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) in the Northeast Atlantic show high occurrence of parasitism by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) - Fiona S. A. Bracken; Zenia Sherman; Emmett M. Johnston; Nick J. Pfeiffer; Nick Massett; Ken M. O’Sullivan; Shane Wasik; Simon D. Berrow; Mary Kelly-Quinn; Jens Carlsson (Hydrobiologia, 2026)
Sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) are anadromous fish that spend one to two years as haematophagous ectoparasites in marine environments. This study provides the first quantitative insight into their feeding phase, which remains poorly understood. We investigate the occurrence of P. marinus feeding on basking sharks ( Cetorhinus maximus ) in the Northeast Atlantic. Between 2011 and 2020, 775 records of basking sharks were collected via video, photographs and written observations. After quality control, 434 records were analysed. Of these, 41.8% showed lampreys attached. The number of lampreys per shark ranged from one to eight, with an average of 1.9 (± 1.4 SD). Lampreys were significantly more likely to attach to the ventral surface, although attachment site was not linked to shark sex. We discuss mechanisms of attachment, as well as the role of shark migratory behaviour and olfactory cues from coastal aggregations that may increase opportunities for P. marinus to attach. This study provides the first evidence of a significant ecological association between the two species, suggesting C. maximus may be a preferred or more accessible host. These findings offer new insight into lamprey ecology and may inform understanding of how this species could respond to future environmental change.

Soil geochemistry and contamination zoning in Northeastern Ghana: insights from the Bongo and Talensi districts - Belinda S. Berdie; Raymond W. Kazapoe; Darwin A. Awog-Badek; Blestmond A. Brako; Gordon Foli; Simon K. Y. Gawu (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2026)

A method to identify positive tipping points to accelerate low-carbon transitions and actions to trigger them - Timothy M. Lenton; Thomas W. R. Powell; Steven R. Smith; Frank W. Geels; Floor Alkemade; Martina Ayoub; Pete Barbrook-Johnson; Scarlett Benson; Fenna Blomsma; Chris A. Boulton; Joshua E. Buxton; Sara M. Constantino; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2026)
Meeting the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to “well below 2 °C” requires a radical acceleration of action, as the global economy is decarbonising at least five times too slowly. Tipping points, where low-carbon transitions become self-propelling, could be key to achieving the necessary acceleration. We deem these normatively ‘positive’, because they can limit considerable, inequitable harms from global warming and help achieve sustainability. Some positive tipping points, such as the UK’s elimination of coal power, have already been reached at national and sectoral scales. The challenge now is to credibly identify further potential positive tipping points, and the actions that can bring them forward, whilst avoiding wishful thinking about their existence, or oversimplification of their nature, drivers, and impacts. Hence, we propose a methodology for identifying potential positive tipping points, assessing their proximity, identifying the factors that can influence them, and the actions that can trigger them. Building on relevant research, this ‘identifying positive tipping points’ (IPTiP) methodology aims to establish a common framework that we invite fellow researchers to help refine, and practitioners to apply. To that end, we offer suggestions for further work to improve it and make it more applicable.

Spaceborne estimates of canopy temperature and soil moisture predict daily and annual subalpine tree growth - Eli W. Estey; Jan U.H. Eitel; Lee A. Vierling; Grace L. Peven; Kerry A. Cawse-Nicholson; Simon J. Hook; Kevin L. Griffin (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2026)

Phytochemical studies on the roots of Polygala vulgaris - İhsan Çalış; Azmi Hanoğlu; Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın; Ali A. Dönmez; Simon Jurt (Natural Product Research, 2025)

Recycling of ash particles during highly explosive eruptions: multiple glass populations in the 1.8 ka Taupō tephra - Simon J. Barker; Stephen B. Piva; Colin J. N. Wilson; David J. Lowe; Bruce L. A. Charlier; Alan R. Orpin (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2025)

Two contrasting swamp forest succession pathways in central Congo Basin peatlands - Donna Hawthorne; Ian T. Lawson; Greta C. Dargie; Nicholas T. Girkin; Bart Crezee; William Hiles; George E. Biddulph; Yannick E. Bocko; Arnoud Boom; Corneille E.N. Ewango; Yannick Garcin; Pauline Gulliver; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Sequence stratigraphy and relative sea level variations in Kaštela Bay, Dalmatian coast, Croatia, and implications for the submerged palaeolandscapes and archaeology of the late Pleistocene, marine isotope stage 3 and marine isotope stage 2 - Simon Fitch; Slavica Bosnjak; Jessica W. Cook Hale; Vedran Barbarić; Timothy A. Shaw; Tanghua Li (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Permian-Triassic adakitic rocks in the Changchun-Yanji Suture, NE China: Constraints on the eastern extension of the Solonker Suture and Paleo-Asian Ocean closure - Honghui Wang; Xinghua Ma; Jinyu Yan; Simon A. Wilde (Lithos, 2025)

Fracture analysis of the lithium-bearing Cligga Head granite: Impacts on critical mineral mobilisation and fluid flow - Andrew J.M. Evans; Natalie J.C. Farrell; David A. Neave; Margaret E. Hartley; David Healy; John P. Waters; Tara R. McElhinney; Joshua J. Shea; Nico Bigaroni; Simon A. Hunt (Journal of Structural Geology, 2025)

An Observations Framework for data interoperability: Enabling descriptive regional data for soil and land management in the Australian context - M. Wong; B. Simons; H. Gillett; N.J. Robinson; A. Neyland; P. Dahlhaus; A. MacLeod; H. Thompson (Geoderma Regional, 2025)

Halogenated persistent organic pollutants in selected processed small fish species from Ghana - L. Uhr; J. Pucher; A. Atter; A. Jahnke; A. Jährmann; M. Kjellevold; K. Simon; L. Wessels; M. Yamamoto; A. Lüth (Food Chemistry, 2025)

The impact of climate change on the flux and fate of metals in freshwater systems: Implications for metal exposure across different scales - Farhan R. Khan; Nicolas R. Bury; Christopher A. Cooper; David Boyle; Elizabeth Middleton; Simon D. Herzog (Environmental Research, 2025)

Integrated valuation of instrumental and relational values of marine protected areas in the United Arab Emirates - Jasper O. Kenter; Simon J. Pittman; Marina Antonopoulou; Balagopal Menon; Kostantinos A. Stamoulis; Maitha M. Al Hameli; Daniel Mateos-Molina (Ecosystem Services, 2025)

Evaluation of lactoferrin administration as an antibiotic alternative growth promoter: impacts on rabbit’s growth, meat quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune status, antioxidant status, and tissue histology - Tharwat A. Imbabi; Shimaa A. Amer; Eman H. Halawa; Islam I. Sabeq; Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith; Elsayed M. Younis; Shimaa N. Edris; Simon J. Davies; Lamiaa M. El-Maghraby; Abdalla El-Hadary; Ebrahim Elkhtab; Mohamed H. Abdel Aal; et al. (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

The impacts of novel lyophilized milk fermented with potential probiotic Lactobacillus sp. on the physiological indicators, meat characteristics, blood parameters, and gene expression in weaned rabbits - Ebrahim Elkhtab; Ali Osman; Rania M. Y. Heakel; Elsayed M. Younis; Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith; Ahmed A. Aly; Mohamed H. Abdel Aal; Islam Sabeq; Shimaa A. Amer; Simon J. Davies; Tharwat A. Imbabi (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

Life cycle assessment of reduce, recycling and final treatment of plastic primary food packaging in Norway using a system expansion with multiple functions scope - Simon A. Saxegård; Helén Williams; Fredrik Wikström (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2025)
Purpose Extended methods and more representative datasets are needed to comprehensively evaluate the environmental life cycle performance of recycling systems compared to other material strategies. In this paper, we investigate the environmental impact profile of recycling compared to reduction, linear systems (energy recovery or landfill) and a change in the plastic polymer used in primary food packaging in a southeastern Norwegian context. Method The life cycle assessment scope is a system expansion with multiple functions (SEMF), which accounts for every function through a cascade of recycling loops. Closed-loop allocation is used to compare the average burden of a product within a recycling loop cascade to the reduce and linear system strategies. The regionalised scope is set to southeastern Norway, for which regionalised life cycle inventories are collected. Low and high recycling scenarios were investigated. Low recycling scenarios represent current open-loop recycling efficiencies per studied polymer type, whilst high recycling scenarios are derived from the Norwegian Deposits Pay System (DPS) PANT of beverage bottles. The energy recovery rate is based on the country mixes in which the plastics are incinerated. The investigated plastic polymers are mono-polyethylene terephthalate (mono-PET) and 95% low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with 5% ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). Results and discussion The current open-loop recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE) film in Norway is comparable to a linear product system with energy recovery and landfill across all environmental impact categories. The high - efficiency recycling system demonstrated the potential to achieve 50% less climate impact compared to the linear baseline, but with great impact variability across the investigated environmental indicators and multiple instances of problem-shifting. Comparatively, a 50% reduction in material thickness corresponded to a universal 50% lower impact compared to the linear baseline across all impact categories. The SEMF framework highlights the resource and environmental limitations of current and potential recycling efficiencies, which are otherwise missed at the product level. Conclusion Material recycling has no significant environmental benefit compared to a linear reference with the current recycling rates. Much higher recycling rates are needed, but material quality degradation is an obstacle. The factual numbers of recycling loops due to material degradation and losses should be included in life cycle assessments (LCAs) to provide a more realistic picture of the environmental performance of material recycling. The study also showed that the reduction of material and a change of material resulted in lower environmental impact, which underscores the need to combine different strategies.

Attributing responsibility to farmers for environmental protection and climate action: insights from the European Union - Jale Tosun; Simon Schaub; Charlene Marek; Laura Kellermann; Marcus A. Koch (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2025)
The attribution of responsibility is an important aspect of democratic government and governance. This study is interested in explaining variation in the responsibility that the public attributes to farmers for tackling climate change and environmental degradation. It analyzes data for respondents based in the 27 member states of the European Union as offered by a special issue of the Eurobarometer. Theoretically, the study postulates that if individuals perceive agriculture as a cause of climate change and environmental degradation, then they are more likely to indicate that it is a responsibility of farmers to take environmental and climate action. It also hypothesizes that individuals with a left-leaning ideology are more likely to attribute responsibility to farmers than right-leaning ones. Empirically, we find that the attribution of responsibility to farmers for mitigating climate change and environmental degradation is highest among Danes and lowest among Estonians. In 19 out of the 27 member states, our hypothesis holds true that individuals who perceive agriculture as a cause of climate change and environmental degradation are also more likely to attribute farmers’ responsibility for taking climate and environmental action. And in 11 member states, left-leaning individuals have a significantly higher likelihood of attributing farmers’ responsibility for tackling climate change and environmental degradation.

Effects of Leaf Herbivory on Floral Trait Correlations and Scent Composition in Asclepias syriaca - Luis A. Aguirre; Nina Theis; Ji-Hyun Pak; Simon Abbott; Seanne R. Clemente; Lynn S. Adler (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2025)

First dinosaur remains from Serbia: Sauropod and theropod material from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Osmakovo - Zoran Marković; Miloš Milivojević; Richard J. Butler; Paul M. Barrett; Simon Wills; Andrew A. van de Weerd; Wilma Wessels; Predrag Radović (Cretaceous Research, 2025)

Bryde's whale ( Balaenoptera edeni ) occurrence and foraging behaviour along the east coast of Australia - Vanessa Pirotta; Daniele Cagnazzi; Brett Dixon; Simon Millar; Jessica Millar; Greg Pickering; Paul A. Butcher; Karen A. Stockin; Katharina J. Peters (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Despite their global occurrence in warm‐temperate waters and their suspected non‐migratory lifestyle, Bryde's whales ( Balaenoptera edeni spp.) are considered the least‐known large baleen whale species. In Australian waters, information on their distribution, ecology and behaviour is scarce. This study documents Bryde's whale occurrence and foraging behaviours along the Australian East Coast using opportunistic citizen science sightings via drone aerial photography, vessel and land‐based observations. We observed foraging in both shallow (seafloor visible, beach and breaking waves present) and deep waters. We observed a range of foraging behaviours including lunge feeding (exhibited by individual whales and in pairs), sub‐surface and surface skim feeding (shallow waters only) and described multispecies associations. We describe a potentially novel feeding behaviour in shallow waters, where Bryde's whales are feeding directly within or behind the surf break ( shallow water surf feeding ). We quantify the presence of mother‐calf pairs in Australian waters, highlighting the use of these waters for potential calving. This study provides insights into Bryde's whale occurrence and foraging behaviour in both shallow and deep waters of eastern Australia.

Correction to: Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates - L. W. Pisa; V. Amaral-Rogers; L. P. Belzunces; J. M. Bonmatin; C. A. Downs; D. Goulson; D. P. Kreutzweiser; C. Krupke; M. Liess; M. McField; C. A. Morrissey; D. A. Noome; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)

Histological and Molecular Characterisation of Gonadal Phenotypes Confirms Diandry in a Protogynous Wrasse - Tessa E. Hamer; Holly A. Robertson; Nicole Miller; Steve Bird; Kaj Kamstra; Simon Muncaster (Fishes, 2025)
Sequentially hermaphroditic fish begin life as one sex and change to another at some stage of their lifecycle. To date, the majority of research into this fascinating process has focused on sex change in sexually mature fish. The current study on the New Zealand spotty wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus) seeks to describe sex change in sexually immature females that are transitioning to become so called initial-phase males. This was achieved through analysis of gonadal histology, and the expression of key genes involved in sex differentiation (amh, dmrt1, and cyp19a1a) and methylation (dnmt1 and dnmt3a). It was found that initial-phase (IP) male spotty wrasse likely reach sexual maturity at a much earlier developmental stage and smaller size than previously realised. This study furthermore shows that all juvenile spotty wrasse are female first, before some individuals undergo pre-maturational sex change to become IP males. Thus, we confirm diandry in the protogynous New Zealand spotty wrasse and provide clarity around the definitions of primary male formation.

‘Earth system engineers’ and the cumulative impact of organisms in deep time - Simon A.F. Darroch; Michelle M. Casey; Alison T. Cribb; Amanda E. Bates; Matthew E. Clapham; Dori L. Contreras; Matthew Craffey; Ivo A.P. Duijnstee; William Gearty; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Marcus J. Hamilton; Riley F. Hayes; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

Thrust and power characterization of a dual-domain aquatic sUAV electric propulsion system - Victoria Lenze; Simon W. Miller; Alexander Spitzer; Michael Kinzel; Julia A. Cole (Ocean Engineering, 2025)

Wide distribution of 3.46–3.1 Ga rocks in the Kongling Complex of the Huangling area, Yangtze Craton, south China: Petrogenesis and significance - Chunyan Dong; Yunxu Wei; Simon A. Wilde; Hangqiang Xie; Xin Deng; Guangfu Xing; Dunyi Liu; Yusheng Wan (Lithos, 2025)

The interplay of crystal fractionation, magma recharge, assimilation and mixing in Archean volcanic systems revealed in the geochemical diversity of the Deloro assemblage, Abitibi Greenstone Belt - Kieran A. Iles; Pierre-Simon Ross; Octavio Vite-Sánchez (Lithos, 2025)

Modeling cell differentiation in neuroblastoma: Insights into development, malignancy, and treatment relapse - Simon F. Martina-Perez; Luke A. Heirene; Jennifer C. Kasemeier; Paul M. Kulesa; Ruth E. Baker (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

Factors influencing species reintroduction success - Gemma Harding; Richard A. Griffiths; Simon A. Black (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)
Conservation reintroductions are widespread in species conservation but evaluation of their success, and particularly the reporting of failures is lacking. Here we evaluate aspects of species reintroduction that influence success and how conservation practitioners measure success. We analysed trends and reasons for perceived failure and success across 341 documented reintroduction case studies from across the globe. Reintroductions in Africa had lower scores for success compared to East Europe, North & Central Asia; fish had higher scores than invertebrates; and government and non-government organisations scored projects as more successful than did zoos or aquaria. Goals and Indicators do not appear to influence the success score, although too many goals may have a negative influence on success. Qualitative analysis of the reasons for failure and success showed that activities linked to Partnerships & Support (e.g. community support, government partnerships) were the most regularly cited reason for success, and Habitat & Release site (e.g. poor habitat connectivity, lack of suitable release sites) were the most frequently cited reason linked to failure, or failed elements. Current conservation efforts continue to comprise a disproportionately high number of reintroductions for mammals and birds compared to other taxa, and the number of reintroductions in developed countries outweigh those of developing countries.

Hindsight informs foresight: revisiting millennial forecasts of impacts and status of rocky shores in 2025 - Stephen J. Hawkins; Kathryn A. O'Shaughnessy; George M. Branch; Laura Airoldi; Simon Bray; Paul Brooks; Michael T. Burrows; Juan Carlos Castilla; Tasman P. Crowe; Thomas W. Davies; Louise B. Firth; Keith Hiscock; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

A comparison of the life history and distribution of vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) and its cryptic pair, sunset rockfish (S. crocotulus) along the Pacific Coast - John H. Harms; Anita Wray; John R. Hyde; Gary C. Longo; Jennifer A. Hempelmann; Anna E. Elz; R. Matthew Barnhart; James A. Benante; Aaron C. Chappell; Peter H. Frey; Colin L. Jones; Betty Kamikawa; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2025)

Field-informed simulation of perfluoroalkyl substances-contaminated irrigation water alters soybean phenotype and root transcriptome - Eguono W. Omagamre; Sunday Z. Bala; Simon A. Zebelo; Joseph S. Pitula (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Targeted explorations of Pleistocene-Holocene transition archaeology on the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah - Abby S. Baka; Kenneth B. Vernon; Madeline E. Mackie; Simon Brewer; Jerry Spangler; Brian F. Codding; Lisbeth A. Louderback; Thomas H. Flanigan; Alexandra M. Greenwald (Quaternary International, 2025)

A Five-week Diet and Education Intervention Increased Skin Carotenoid Levels in Children: Results from a Pilot Veggie Meter® Study - C. Carmichael; C. Bertholf; O. Simon; R. Guidroz; A. Karam; D. Newton; C. Champagne (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Capability of commercial cleaning procedures to remove food allergens from differing food contact materials and containers using sesame as a target analyte - Christopher A. James; Helen E. Arrowsmith; Marie-Anne L. Clarke; Simon Welham; Peter Rose (Journal of Food Engineering, 2025)

Provenance analysis of late Pleistocene sediment from IODP site U1477 reveals climate and river basin dynamics in the Zambezi river catchment - Youhong Gao; Hucai Zhang; Xiaonan Zhang; Lizeng Duan; Huayong Li; Ian R. Hall; Sidney R. Hemming; Leah J. LeVay; Junsheng Nie; Xibin Han; S. Barker; M.A. Berke; et al. (Gondwana Research, 2025)

17Oexcess in Devils Hole calcite: an indicator of equilibrium fractionation and paleo moisture sources - Hagit P. Affek; Eugeni Barkan; Yael Tal; Simon D. Steidle; Kathleen A. Wendt; Christoph Spötl; R. Lawrence Edwards; Ekaterina Fishman; Yuri Dublyansky (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Can Ahiflower® (Buglossoides arvensis) seed-oil supplementation help overcome the adverse effects of imidacloprid in honey bees? - Hichem A. Menail; Samuel Robichaud; Robert Cormier; Arianne Blanchard; Florence Hunter-Manseau; Adèle Léger; Simon G. Lamarre; Nicolas Pichaud (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2025)

CITES Appendix III matters: Hidden impacts of CITES deletions on global bird trade - Jacqueline Jürgens; Johanna Staerk; Simon Bruslund; Rikke Oegelund Nielsen; Dalia A. Conde (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Granulopoietic Dysregulation in a Patient-Tailored Mouse Model of Barth Syndrome - Elizabeth A. Sierra Potchanant; Maegan L. Capitano; Donna M. Edwards; Baskar Ramdas; Scott Cooper; James Ropa; S. Louise Pay; Aditya Sheth; Paige L. Snider; Hilary J. Vernon; Ngoc-Tung Tran; Reuben Kapur; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2025)
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy and fatigue, growth restriction, and neutropenia. Neutropenia increases the risk of life-threatening bacterial infections, a major cause of death in individuals with BTHS. Currently, there is no curative treatment for BTHS or associated neutropenia. The development of therapeutic strategies to correct BTHS-associated neutropenia has been hindered by a limited understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. BTHS is caused by a mutation in the Tafazzin gene encoding a transacylase required for the maturation of cardiolipin, an inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid crucial for mitochondrial structure and function. We introduced a BTHS patient’s point mutation ( TAZ D75H ) into the mouse Tafazzin enzyme’s critical acyltransferase site using CRISPR/Cas9 -mediated genome editing, resulting in a patient-tailored point mutant knock-in BTHS model ( Taz D75H ) that expresses a stable mutant Taz D75H protein lacking transacylase activity. Taz D75H mice were then used to investigate how loss of Tafazzin enzymatic activity impacts hematopoiesis. Male Taz D75H mice exhibited impaired granulopoiesis and neutropenia secondary to impaired function of hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, they demonstrated age-dependent neutrophil maturation impairment reflecting the variable neutropenia observed in BTHS patients. Additionally, male Taz D75H mice exhibit chronic lymphopenia that persists post Taz D75H bone marrow transplantation. Mechanistically, the TAZ D75H point mutation caused hematopoietic cell mitochondrial dysfunction in patient-derived immortalized TAZ D75H lymphoblasts, increasing reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Likewise, Cyclosporine A treatment rescued these mitochondrial phenotypes in vitro, confirming TAZ D75H mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to TAFAZZIN loss of enzymatic function underlies BTHS-associated neutropenia and lymphopenia.

Determination of Toxic Tropane Alkaloids in Globally Sourced Soya, Cereals and Products Using Dilute-and-Shoot Technique Coupled with LC-MS/MS - Rufielyn S. Gravador; Brett Greer; Simon A. Haughey; M. Mar Aparicio-Muriana; Wilfred A. Abia; Alexandra-Irina Mavrochefalos; Anne P. Nugent; Christopher T. Elliott (Exposure and Health, 2025)
For the first time, this study reports the content of tropane alkaloids (TAs) in soybean and soymeal samples sourced from 13 different countries, as well as in various cereals (including corn, millet, wheat, and sorghum) and a product (Super Cereals). The analysis was conducted using a fully validated solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with dilute-and-shoot (DnS) method along with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) triple quadrupole system. The samples were extracted using a solution of acetonitrile and water (60:40) with 1% formic acid. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.10 µg kg −1 and 0.25 µg kg −1 for atropine and scopolamine, respectively. The extraction recovery was at least 80%, and the intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) were below 15% at 1, 5, and 50 µg kg −1 atropine and scopolamine spiked levels. The validation parameters showed that the method was fit for the purpose of accurate LC-MS/MS quantification of atropine and scopolamine. The SLE with DnS is high-throughput, enabling the extraction of TAs in 2.3 min per sample or at least 60 samples in 140 min. Whereas typical TA extraction methods require lengthy and costly clean-up and concentration steps, the DnS does not require these steps, sophisticated equipment, or an expert operator for execution, which makes it a simpler and straightforward procedure for TA analysis in different grain-based food matrices. Application of the LC-MS/MS method showed that one in 80 millet or corn, 18 in 269 soybeans, 20 in 62 soymeal and 20 in 42 Super Cereals samples had atropine and scopolamine above the maximum level of 1 μg kg −1 set by the EU Commission Regulation. TA contamination in these samples could either be due to the mixing with (visible) or exposure to (invisible) TA-producing plant material. The latter was proven through an exposure experiment, which showed that atropine and scopolamine from Datura stramonium seeds can be transferred to food grains (soybeans) invisibly with prolonged contact.

Oxylipin signalling in a coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis - Andrea G. Gamba; Saki Harii; Frederic Sinniger; Clinton A. Oakley; Arthur R. Grossman; Virginia M. Weis; David J. Suggett; Simon K. Davy (Coral Reefs, 2025)
The symbiotic relationship of cnidarians with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is based on host-symbiont recognition processes and continuous molecular exchange between partners. However, the molecular signals involved are unresolved. Oxylipin signalling plays a pivotal role in mediating various cellular processes, including inflammation and molecular signalling. Its function in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, including its potential role in inter-partner molecular communication, remains unclear. Here, prostaglandin EP2 receptors 2 (EP2) and 4 (EP4) were localised and quantified using immunohistochemistry in the tissues of the coral Acropora sp. aff. tenuis . Both coral larvae and polyps of juvenile colonies were examined when in symbiosis with one of their two native dinoflagellate symbionts, Cladocopium goreaui and Durusdinium trenchii , during early (3 days) and later (30 days) stages of symbiosis establishment (relative to aposymbiotic corals). EP2 and EP4 were present in both the gastrodermis and epidermis of larvae and polyps, regardless of their symbiotic state. Abundance of EP2 and EP4 was affected by symbiotic state, symbiont identity, coral life-stage, and the age of the symbiosis. Specifically, D. trenchii , but not C. goreaui , decreased host EP2 levels in larvae and polyps, and EP4 levels in coral polyps. Conversely, C. goreaui , but not D. trenchii , decreased EP4 levels in coral larvae. This research enhances our understanding of oxylipin pathway regulation in the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis across various life-stages, and in response to different symbiont species, laying the groundwork for deeper exploration into the molecular signalling mechanisms that underlie this symbiosis and the influence of coral metamorphosis on these mechanisms.

Delivering nutrient management impact through farmer-centric research: a systematic review of innovation systems in African smallholder systems - Ivan S. Adolwa; Shamie Zingore; James Mutegi; Matthew McNee; Bolaji A. Akorede; Denver Masidza; T. Scott Murrell; Samuel Mathu Ndungu; Eileen Nchanji; Simon Cook; Thomas Oberthür (Agricultural Systems, 2025)

A new digital cover photography dataset and processing tool for SMAPVEX19-22: How siting and sky condition impact plant area index retrievals in continuous measurement set-ups - Simon Kraatz; Michael H. Cosh; V. Kelly; Laura Bourgeau-Chavez; Jisung Geba Chang; Chris Cook; Victoria A. Walker; Paul R. Siqueira; Andreas Colliander (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2025)

Evidence that a highly invasive ascidian can survive the thermal conditions of a simulated transit across the sub-Antarctic and polar fronts - Siobhan R. Vye; Tobias Büring; Paul Brickle; Mark Belchier; Simon A. Morley (Biological Invasions, 2025)

Documentation of major pests and spectrum of pesticide usage for tea agroecosystems in Bangladesh - Md. Abdul Maleque; A. F. M. Saiful Islam; Md. Moudud Ahmod; Md. Simon Islam; Rashidul Hasan; Kazi Noor-E-Alam Jewel; Md. Saifullah; H. Roaki Ishii (Agroforestry Systems, 2025)

Environmental and Geographic Conditions on the Breeding Grounds Drive Bergmannian Clines in Nightjars - Aaron A. Skinner; Alicia M. Korpach; Susanne Åkesson; Marja H. Bakermans; Erin M. Bayne; Thomas J. Benson; Giovanni Boano; R. Mark Brigham; Simon S. Christiansen; Greg J. Conway; Christina M. Davy; Ruben Evens; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim To evaluate (1) whether three migratory nightjar species (Family Caprimulgidae) adhere to Bergmann's rule, (2) whether environmental factors on the breeding or wintering grounds determine body size, and (3) which mechanistic hypotheses best explain Bergmannian patterns in body size. Location North and South America; Europe and Africa. Taxon Eastern whip‐poor‐will ( Antrostomus vociferus ), Common nighthawk ( Chordeiles minor ) and European nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeus ). Methods We used GPS tracking and morphometric data to assess competing hypotheses explaining variation in body size for each species, based on their breeding ( n = 3388) and wintering ( n = 189) locations. Results All three species exhibited Bergmannian patterns in body size, providing the first evidence that nightjars conform to Bergmann's rule despite adaptations to severe environmental conditions. Environmental and geographic variables at breeding sites were stronger predictors of body size than wintering‐site variables. Although we found partial support for Bergmann's temperature regulation hypothesis, geographic variables, rather than specific environmental factors, emerged as the strongest predictors of body size variation. Main Conclusions Latitude and longitude correlated strongly with environmental variables and migratory distance; thus, these geographical variables likely encompass many factors that influence body size in nightjars. The present study is among the first to use tracking data from individual birds to understand how environmental pressures across the annual cycle are related to body size. Our findings highlight the critical role of geographic breeding‐ground factors in shaping Bergmannian patterns, offering robust evidence to support nearly two centuries of research since Bergmann's rule was first described in 1847.

“Wood-lover paralysis”: Describing a toxidrome with symptoms of weakness caused by some lignicolous “wood-loving” Psilocybe mushrooms - Simon A. Beck; Caine Barlow; Liam Engel; Monica J. Barratt (Toxicon, 2025)

A census of fish passage facilities at US hydropower developments across the conterminous United States - Paul G. Matson; Bryan B. Bozeman; Chris R. DeRolph; Gbadebo A. Oladosu; Debjani Singh; Diandre Richie; Jesus Morales; Jessica Pica; Bryan Sojkowski; Bjorn A. Lake; Nicholas B. Anderson; Blane Bellerud; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Kinetic and mechanistic studies of Pt/C-catalysed hydrothermal conversion of butyric acid for on-purpose production of renewable propane - Seyed Emad Hashemnezhad; Jude A. Onwudili; Keith E. Simons; Patricia E. Thornley (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Unravelling the pedogenetic development of forest soils in Northern Patagonia, Argentina - Alois Simon; Ernesto J. Reiter; Franz Zehetner; María Florencia Urretavizcaya; Virginia Alonso; Gabriel A. Loguercio; Franz Ottner; Helge Walentowski (CATENA, 2025)

Beryllium-isotope signatures in ice sheet proximal marine sediments - Matthew Richard Jeromson; Toshiyuki Fujioka; David Fink; Krista Simon; Alexandra L. Post; Marcello Blaxell; José Tonatiuh Sánchez-Palacios; T. Gabriel Enge; Carly Beggs; Duanne A. White (Chemical Geology, 2025)

Bio-sourcing from byproducts: A comprehensive review of bioactive molecules in Agri-Food Waste (AFW) streams for valorization and sustainable applications - Eman Shawky; Simon Gibbons; Dina A. Selim (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

The outstanding European and Mediterranean heatwave activity during summer 2022 - R.M. Trigo; D. Barriopedro; J.M. Garrido-Perez; A. Simon; S.M. Plecha; A. Teles-Machado; A. Russo; R. Garcia-Herrera (Atmospheric Research, 2025)

A novel UNet-SegNet and vision transformer architectures for efficient segmentation and classification in medical imaging - Simon Tongbram; Benjamin A. Shimray; Loitongbam Surajkumar Singh (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2025)

Understanding the risk of marine introductions through the biofouling of vessels operating in the remote sub-Antarctic - Siobhan R. Vye; Susan Gregory; Mark Belchier; Simon A. Morley; Paul Brickle (Biological Invasions, 2025)

Recent evidence on the effectiveness of European protected areas for species conservation in the face of climate change - Leah A. Kelly; Fiona Burns; Simone Mordue; Simon R. Wotton; Meriel Harrison; Kate Jennings; Richard D. Gregory (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)

Compositional controls on the thermal conductivity of igneous rocks and a model for the conductivity of Antarctic crust - Simon Willcocks; Derrick Hasterok; Jacqueline A. Halpin; Jessica Walsh; Samuel Jennings (Tectonophysics, 2025)

Weathering by mycorrhizal fungi defines a threshold for nutrients in ecosystems along an aridity gradient - Doreen Fleck; Simon Thiedau; Diana Boy; Leopold Sauheitl; Svenja Stock; Moritz Köster; Ralf Oeser; Michaela A. Dippold; Sandra Spielvogel; Yakov Kuzyakov; Yosef Steinberger; Roberto Godoy; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Unsupervised deep clustering of high-resolution satellite imagery reveals phenotypes of urban development in Sub-Saharan Africa - A. Barbara Metzler; Ricky Nathvani; Viktoriia Sharmanska; Wenjia Bai; Simon Moulds; Nkechi Srodah Owoo; Iris Ekua Mensimah Fynn; Emily Muller; Esaie Dufitimana; Ghafi Kondi Akara; George Owusu; Samuel Agyei-Mensah; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Comparison of single-use and reuse beverage containers in Norway using different recycling modelling approaches - Hanne Lerche Raadal; Simon A. Saxegård; Ingunn Saur Modahl; Pieter Callewaert (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Elemental and isotopic signatures of Asteroid Ryugu support three early Solar System reservoirs - Quinn R. Shollenberger; Jan Render; Josh Wimpenny; Rosalind M.G. Armytage; Nipun Gunawardena; John M. Rolison; Justin I. Simon; Gregory A. Brennecka (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Agroforestry systems and climatic conditions influence woody species composition in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin - Mariama Sambou; Fatimata Niang; Antoine Sambou; Séyni Sané; André A. Diatta; Simon Sambou; Hyacinthe Sambou; Moctar Badji; Ansoumana P. Sané; Malainy Diatta; Assane Goudiaby; Bienvenu Sambou (Agroforestry Systems, 2025)

Forest Topsoil Organic Carbon Declines Under Ash Dieback - Fiona M. Seaton; David A. Robinson; Claire M. Wood; Clare M. H. Benskin; Rebecca L. Rowe; Karen Hornigold; Keith J. Kirby; Chris Nichols; Simon M. Smart (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Tree diseases are increasingly affecting woodland ecosystems across the world. However, the impact of these diseases upon the soil, and in particular soil carbon, is still poorly understood. Here we present the results of a field survey of ~100 woodlands across Great Britain measured in 1971, 2001 and 2022 and evaluate the fifty‐year trend in topsoil (0–15 cm) carbon based upon measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) and the impact of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback). To better represent the full SOM distribution, including the extremely high SOM measurements, we adopt a Beta mixture modelling approach within a Bayesian framework. Across all woodlands, comprising ~1,500 plots per survey, average SOM remained constant across the fifty‐year time series. However, the 311 plots with ash dieback had lower SOM in the most recent survey compared to the 328 plots with ash trees present but no dieback recorded, due to a slight decline in SOM under ash dieback. This resulted in plots with ash dieback having a modelled mean SOM of 12.2% compared to 13.4% in plots without ash dieback, a difference of 1.23 percentage points (95% CI 0.25–2.21). Ash dieback was more likely to be recorded in plots that had higher soil pH pre‐ash dieback invasion, but the decline in SOM under ash dieback was not explained by changes in soil pH or changes in the ground flora composition. Converting our results to soil C and extrapolating for broadleaved woodland across the entirety of Great Britain, the total amount of topsoil carbon lost to date due to ash dieback could be 6 MtCO 2 (± 4 s.d.). Our results show the importance of understanding the impacts of tree disease when considering current and future woodland carbon dynamics.

Pollinator‐Promoting Interventions in European Urban Habitats—A Synthesis - Gabriella Süle; András Báldi; David Kleijn; Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter; Stephen Venn; Dave Goulson; Simon Dietzel; Audrey Muratet; Lorna J. Cole; Erik Öckinger; Olga Tzortzakaki; Weronika Banaszak‐Cibicka; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Pollinators receive considerable interest due to their fundamental role in ecosystem functioning and human well‐being. Unlike farmlands, studies of urban pollinator‐promoting interventions are scarce and have not been synthesised, hampering policy implementation. To fill this gap, we compared pollinator‐promoting interventions (treatment) with conventionally managed (control) sites regarding vegetation, floral resources, and pollinators. Our synthesis investigated 1051 sampling sites with different interventions (abandonment, extensive mowing, flower sowing, and combined practices) and habitats (parks, grasslands, road verges, private and public gardens) from 28 European datasets at pooled‐ and study‐levels. Urban pollinator‐promoting interventions generally benefited plants and pollinators with taxon, intervention, habitat, and spatio‐temporal specific differences. Pooled analyses showed mostly positive and never negative treatment effects, while study‐level details described primarily positive and neutral but rarely negative effects. Bumblebees and butterflies benefited most from the interventions. Some effects were stronger for interventions involving flower sowing, interventions occurring in road verges, and interventions located in Northwestern Europe. Although regulations, guidelines, and monitoring are improving, knowledge gaps remain for some pollinator taxa (e.g., beetles), regions (e.g., Mediterranean), and novel interventions (e.g., for ground‐nesting insects). Further collaborative studies from around the world could help cities bring people, plants, and pollinators together by creating resilient, multi‐functional urban spaces.

Understanding and Predicting Population Response to Anthropogenic Disturbance: Current Approaches and Novel Opportunities - Cassie N. Speakman; Sarah Bull; Sarah Cubaynes; Katrina J. Davis; Sébastien Devillard; John M. Fryxell; Cara A. Gallagher; Elizabeth A. McHuron; Kévan Rastello; Isabel M. Smallegange; Roberto Salguero‐Gómez; Elsa Bonnaud; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Effective conservation of biodiversity depends on the successful management of wildlife populations and their habitats. Successful management, in turn, depends on our ability to understand and accurately forecast how populations and communities respond to human‐induced changes in their environments. However, quantifying how these stressors impact population dynamics remains challenging. Another significant hurdle at this interface is determining which quantitative approach(es) are most appropriate given data types, constraints and the intended purpose. Here, we provide a cross‐taxa overview of key methodological approaches (e.g., matrix population models) and model elements (e.g., energetics) that are currently used to model the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on wildlife populations. Specifically, we discuss how these modelling approaches differ in their key assumptions, in their structure and complexity, in the questions they are best poised to address and in their data requirements. Our intention is to help overcome some of the methodological biases that might persist across taxonomic specialisations, identify new opportunities to address existing modelling challenges and improve scientific understanding of the direct and indirect impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. We guide users through the identification of appropriate model configurations for different management purposes, while also suggesting key priorities for model development and integration.

Comparing the modulatory effect of fennel powder and fennel extract nanoparticles on growth, immunity and histopathological changes of Nile tilapia - Shaimaa A.A. Ahmed; Abdelhakeem El-Murr; Yasser Abd Elhakim; Elsayed M. Younis; Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith; Simon J. Davies; Mohamed M. Metwally; Amany Abd El Aziz Gharib; Enas N.M. Khalil (Aquaculture, 2025)