Characterization of full-length MHC class II sequences in Indonesian and Vietnamese cynomolgus macaques - Hannah M. Creager; Ericka A. Becker; Kelly K. Sandman; Julie A. Karl; Simon M. Lank; Benjamin N. Bimber; Roger W. Wiseman; Austin L Hughes; Shelby L. O’Connor; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2011)

The Dayton legacy: baselines, benchmarks, climate, disturbance and proof - Lisa A. Levin; Maria Cristina Gambi; James P. Barry; Amatzia Genin; Simon Thrush (Marine Ecology, 2011)

Effects of heavy metals on the development and survival of abalone Haliotis midae larvae - R L Stofberg; C A Simon; R G Snyman (African Journal of Marine Science, 2011)

Hypoxia-induced oxidative DNA damage links with higher level biological effects including specific growth rate in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. - Sanaa A. Mustafa; Sherain N. Al-Subiai; Simon J. Davies; Awadhesh N. Jha (Ecotoxicology, 2011)

Tissue-specific and expression of porcine growth hormone gene in BAC transgenic mice - Jia Tong; Simon G. Lillico; Ming Jun Bi; Tong Qing; Xiao Fang Liu; YuanYuan Wang; Min Zheng; Meili Wang; Yun Ping Dai; C. Bruce A. Whitelaw; Ning Li (Transgenic Research, 2011)

Successful management of an MRSA outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit - N. Heinrich; A. Mueller; P. Bartmann; A. Simon; G. Bierbaum; S. Engelhart (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2011)

Impact of CD39 and purinergic signalling on the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer - Beat M. Künzli; Maria-Isabell Bernlochner; Stephan Rath; Samuel Käser; Eva Csizmadia; Keiichi Enjyoji; Peter Cowan; Anthony d’Apice; Karen Dwyer; Robert Rosenberg; Aurel Perren; Helmut Friess; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2011)

Plant leaf roughness analysis by texture classification with generalized Fourier descriptors in a dimensionality reduction context - L. Journaux; J.-C. Simon; M. F. Destain; F. Cointault; J. Miteran; A. Piron (Precision Agriculture, 2011)

The Effect of Human Bone Marrow Stroma-Derived Heparan Sulfate on the Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells - Diah S. Bramono; David A. Rider; Sadasivam Murali; Victor Nurcombe; Simon M. Cool (Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)

Polymorphic variants in tenascin-C (TNC) are associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease - Mollie A. Minear; David R. Crosslin; Beth S. Sutton; Jessica J. Connelly; Sarah C. Nelson; Shera Gadson-Watson; Tianyuan Wang; David Seo; Jeffrey M. Vance; Michael H. Sketch; Carol Haynes; Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont; et al. (Human Genetics, 2011)

Germination requirements of Allanblackia parviflora seeds and early growth of seedlings - D. A. Ofori; T. Peprah; J. R. Cobbinah; H. A. Atchwerebour; F. Osabutey; Z. Tchoundjeu; A. J. Simons; R. Jamnadass (New Forests, 2011)

Effects of 60Co gamma radiation dose on initial structural biomechanical properties of ovine bone—patellar tendon—bone allografts - Kirk C. McGilvray; Brandon G. Santoni; A. Simon Turner; Simon Bogdansky; Donna L. Wheeler; Christian M. Puttlitz (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2011)

New tools to boost butterfly habitat quality in existing grass buffer strips - Robin J. Blake; Ben A. Woodcock; Duncan B. Westbury; Peter Sutton; Simon G. Potts (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2011)

Genetic diversity, social structure, and conservation value of the elephants of the Nakai Plateau, Lao PDR, based on non-invasive sampling - Marissa A. Ahlering; Simon Hedges; Arlyne Johnson; Martin Tyson; Stephanie G. Schuttler; Lori S. Eggert (Conservation Genetics, 2011)

Extinction vulnerability of coral reef fishes - Nicholas A. J. Graham; Pascale Chabanet; Richard D. Evans; Simon Jennings; Yves Letourneur; M. Aaron MacNeil; Tim R. McClanahan; Marcus C. Öhman; Nicholas V. C. Polunin; Shaun K. Wilson (Ecology Letters, 2011)

Einzelzellen für die forensische DNA-Analyse direkt vom Spurenträger - Tanja Dambor; Simon Brück; Frank Heidorn; Ute Müller; Marcel A. Verhoff (BIOspektrum, 2011)

Analysis of Regional Mechanics in Canine Lung Injury Using Forced Oscillations and 3D Image Registration - David W. Kaczka; Kunlin Cao; Gary E. Christensen; Jason H. T. Bates; Brett A. Simon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter alters cardiac gene expression patterns and markers of oxidative stress in rats - Boris Z. Simkhovich; Michael T. Kleinman; Ruty Mehrian-Shai; Ya-Hsuan Hsu; Dianne Meacher; Glenn Gookin; Michael Mac Kinnon; Karina Salazar; Paul Willet; Gang Feng; Simon M. Lin; Robert A. Kloner (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2011)

Wild immunology - AMY B. PEDERSEN; SIMON A. BABAYAN (Molecular Ecology, 2011)
In wild populations, individuals are regularly exposed to a wide range of pathogens. In this context, organisms must elicit and regulate effective immune responses to protect their health while avoiding immunopathology. However, most of our knowledge about the function and dynamics of immune responses comes from laboratory studies performed on inbred mice in highly controlled environments with limited exposure to infection. Natural populations, on the other hand, exhibit wide genetic and environmental diversity. We argue that now is the time for immunology to be taken into the wild. The goal of ‘wild immunology’ is to link immune phenotype with host fitness in natural environments. To achieve this requires relevant measures of immune responsiveness that are both applicable to the host–parasite interaction under study and robustly associated with measures of host and parasite fitness. Bringing immunology to nonmodel organisms and linking that knowledge host fitness, and ultimately population dynamics, will face difficult challenges, both technical (lack of reagents and annotated genomes) and statistical (variation among individuals and populations). However, the affordability of new genomic technologies will help immunologists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists work together to translate and test our current knowledge of immune mechanisms in natural systems. From this approach, ecologists will gain new insight into mechanisms relevant to host health and fitness, while immunologists will be given a measure of the real‐world health impacts of the immune factors they study. Thus, wild immunology can be the missing link between laboratory‐based immunology and human, wildlife and domesticated animal health.

Culturable Rhodobacter and Shewanella species are abundant in estuarine turbidity maxima of the Columbia River - S. L. Bräuer; C. Adams; K. Kranzler; D. Murphy; M. Xu; P. Zuber; H. M. Simon; A. M. Baptista; B. M. Tebo (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Measurements of dissolved, ascorbate‐reducible and total Mn by ICP‐OES revealed significantly higher concentrations during estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) events, compared with non‐events in the Columbia River. Most probable number (MPN) counts of Mn‐oxidizing or Mn‐reducing heterotrophs were not statistically different from that of other heterotrophs (10 3 –10 4 cells ml −1 ) when grown in defined media, but counts of Mn oxidizers were significantly lower in nutrient‐rich medium (13 cells ml −1 ). MPN counts of Mn oxidizers were also significantly lower on Mn(III)‐pyrophosphate and glycerol (21 cells ml −1 ). Large numbers of Rhodobacter spp. were cultured from dilutions of 10 −2 to 10 −5 , and many of these were capable of Mn(III) oxidation. Up to c . 30% of the colonies tested LBB positive, and all 77 of the successfully sequenced LBB positive colonies (of varying morphology) yielded sequences related to Rhodobacter spp. qPCR indicated that a cluster of Rhodobacter isolates and closely related strains (95–99% identity) represented approximately 1–3% of the total Bacteria , consistent with clone library results. Copy numbers of SSU rRNA genes for either Rhodobacter spp. or Bacteria were four to eightfold greater during ETM events compared with non‐events. Strains of a Shewanella sp. were retrieved from the highest dilutions (10 −5 ) of Mn reducers, and were also capable of Mn oxidation. The SSU rRNA gene sequences from these strains shared a high identity score (98%) with sequences obtained in clone libraries. Our results support previous findings that ETMs are zones with high microbial activity. Results indicated that Shewanella and Rhodobacter species were present in environmentally relevant concentrations, and further demonstrated that a large proportion of culturable bacteria, including Shewanella and Rhodobacter spp., were capable of Mn cycling in vitro .

Estrogen-induced effects on the neuro-mechanics of hopping in humans - Adam L. Bryant; Kay M. Crossley; Simon Bartold; Erik Hohmann; Ross A. Clark (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)

Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance - REIMO KINDLER; JAN SIEMENS; KLAUS KAISER; DAVID C. WALMSLEY; CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER; NINA BUCHMANN; PIERRE CELLIER; WERNER EUGSTER; GERD GLEIXNER; THOMAS GRŨNWALD; ALEXANDER HEIM; ANDREAS IBROM; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2011)
Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance is uncertain. We investigated leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH 4 ), at forests, grasslands, and croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions to DIC were estimated by means of its δ 13 C signature. Leaching of biogenic DIC was 8.3±4.9 g m −2 yr −1 for forests, 24.1±7.2 g m −2 yr −1 for grasslands, and 14.6±4.8 g m −2 yr −1 for croplands. DOC leaching equalled 3.5±1.3 g m −2 yr −1 for forests, 5.3±2.0 g m −2 yr −1 for grasslands, and 4.1±1.3 g m −2 yr −1 for croplands. The average flux of total biogenic carbon across land use systems was 19.4±4.0 g C m −2 yr −1 . Production of DOC in topsoils was positively related to their C/N ratio and DOC retention in subsoils was inversely related to the ratio of organic carbon to iron plus aluminium (hydr)oxides. Partial pressures of CO 2 in soil air and soil pH determined DIC concentrations and fluxes, but soil solutions were often supersaturated with DIC relative to soil air CO 2 . Leaching losses of biogenic carbon (DOC plus biogenic DIC) from grasslands equalled 5–98% (median: 22%) of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) plus carbon inputs with fertilization minus carbon removal with harvest. Carbon leaching increased the net losses from cropland soils by 24–105% (median: 25%). For the majority of forest sites, leaching hardly affected actual net ecosystem carbon balances because of the small solubility of CO 2 in acidic forest soil solutions and large NEE. Leaching of CH 4 proved to be insignificant compared with other fluxes of carbon. Overall, our results show that leaching losses are particularly important for the carbon balance of agricultural systems.

The Qiyugou gold-bearing breccia pipes, Xiong'ershan region, central China: fluid-inclusion and stable-isotope evidence for an origin from magmatic fluids - Hong-Rui Fan; Fang-Fang Hu; Simon A. Wilde; Kui-Feng Yang; Chen-Wei Jin (International Geology Review, 2011)

ALE meta-analysis on facial judgments of trustworthiness and attractiveness - D. Bzdok; R. Langner; S. Caspers; F. Kurth; U. Habel; K. Zilles; A. Laird; Simon B. Eickhoff (Brain Structure and Function, 2011)

Somatic DNA Damages in Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy - A. Supriya Simon; D. Dinesh Roy; V. Jayapal; T. Vijayakumar (Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2011)

The response of two ecologically important Antarctic invertebrates (Sterechinus neumayeri and Parborlasia corrugatus) to reduced seawater pH: effects on fertilisation and embryonic development - Jessica A. Ericson; Miles D. Lamare; Simon A. Morley; Mike F. Barker (Marine Biology, 2010)

Stream ecosystem response to chronic deposition of N and acid at the Bear Brook Watershed, Maine - Kevin S. Simon; Michael A. Chadwick; Alexander D. Huryn; H. Maurice Valett (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010)

Urinary phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer in Jamaican men - Maria D. Jackson; Norma D. McFarlane-Anderson; Garfield A. Simon; Franklyn I. Bennett; Susan P. Walker (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters - K. D. Simon; Y. Bakar; S. E. Temple; A. G. Mazlan (Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2010)

Polymorphisms in oxidative stress and inflammation pathway genes, low-dose ionizing radiation, and the risk of breast cancer among US radiologic technologists - Sara J. Schonfeld; Parveen Bhatti; Elizabeth E. Brown; Martha S. Linet; Steven L. Simon; Robert M. Weinstock; Amy A. Hutchinson; Marilyn Stovall; Dale L. Preston; Bruce H. Alexander; Michele M. Doody; Alice J. Sigurdson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Evaluating the protection of wildlife in parks: the case of African buffalo in Serengeti - K. L. Metzger; A. R. E. Sinclair; Ray Hilborn; J. Grant C. Hopcraft; Simon A. R. Mduma (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Three Hinge Designs of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves - Hélène A. Simon; Liang Ge; Fotis Sotiropoulos; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World - F. A. ZEPEDA‐PAULO; J.‐C. SIMON; C. C. RAMÍREZ; E. FUENTES‐CONTRERAS; J. T. MARGARITOPOULOS; A. C. C. WILSON; C. E. SORENSON; L. M. BRIONES; R. AZEVEDO; D. V. OHASHI; C. LACROIX; L. GLAIS; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2010)
Biological invasions are rapid evolutionary events in which populations are usually subject to a founder event during introduction followed by rapid adaptation to the new environment. Molecular tools and Bayesian approaches have shown their utility in exploring different evolutionary scenarios regarding the invasion routes of introduced species. We examined the situation for the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae , a recently introduced aphid species in Chile. Using seven microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation, we studied populations of the tobacco aphid sampled from several American and European countries, identifying the most likely source populations and tracking the route of introduction to Chile. Our population genetic data are consistent with available historical information, pointing to an introduction route of the tobacco aphid from Europe and/or from other putative populations (e.g. Asia) with subsequent introduction through North America to South America. Evidence of multiple introductions to North America from different genetic pools, with successive loss of genetic diversity from Europe towards North America and a strong bottleneck during the southward introduction to South America, was also found. Additionally, we examined the special case of a widespread multilocus genotype that was found in all American countries examined. This case provides further evidence for the existence of highly successful genotypes or ‘superclones’ in asexually reproducing organisms.

Improved Constraints on Models of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment: A Review of the Contribution of Ground-Based Geodetic Observations - Matt A. King; Zuheir Altamimi; Johannes Boehm; Machiel Bos; Rolf Dach; Pedro Elosegui; François Fund; Manuel Hernández-Pajares; David Lavallee; Paulo Jorge Mendes Cerveira; Nigel Penna; Riccardo E. M. Riva; et al. (Surveys in Geophysics, 2010)

Light colour influences the behaviour and stress physiology of captive tench (Tinca tinca) - Matthew A. G. Owen; Simon J. Davies; Katherine A. Sloman (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2010)

Poor acclimation capacities in Antarctic marine ectotherms - Lloyd S. Peck; Simon A. Morley; Melody S. Clark (Marine Biology, 2010)

Synthesis of “Difficult” Fluorescence Quenched Substrates of Granzyme C - Susan E. Northfield; Kade D. Roberts; Simon J. Mountford; Richard A. Hughes; Dion Kaiserman; Matthew Mangan; Robert N. Pike; Phillip I. Bird; Philip E. Thompson (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2010)

Sensory-motor equivalence: manual aiming in C6 tetraplegics following musculotendinous transfer surgery at the elbow - Mark A. Robinson; Spencer J. Hayes; Simon J. Bennett; Gabor J. Barton; Digby Elliott (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infection in preterm and term neonates - S. Bagci; A. M. Eis-Hübinger; A. F. Yassin; A. Simon; P. Bartmann; A. R. Franz; A. Mueller (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2010)

The structure of dopamine induced α-synuclein oligomers - Agata Rekas; Robert B. Knott; Anna Sokolova; Kevin J. Barnham; Keyla A. Perez; Colin L. Masters; Simon C. Drew; Roberto Cappai; Cyril C. Curtain; Chi L. L. Pham (European Biophysics Journal, 2010)

Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits - Francesco de Bello; Sandra Lavorel; Sandra Díaz; Richard Harrington; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Richard D. Bardgett; Matty P. Berg; Pablo Cipriotti; Christian K. Feld; Daniel Hering; Pedro Martins da Silva; Simon G. Potts; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

The roles of surface heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence in determining Atlantic Ocean temperature variability - Jeremy P. Grist; Simon A. Josey; Robert Marsh; Simon A. Good; Andrew. C. Coward; Beverly A. de Cuevas; Steven G. Alderson; Adrian L. New; Gurvan Madec (Ocean Dynamics, 2010)

The geochemistry of primary and weathered oil shale and coquina across the Julia Creek vanadium deposit (Queensland, Australia) - Stephen Edward Lewis; Robert A. Henderson; Gerald R. Dickens; Graham A. Shields; Simon Coxhell (Mineralium Deposita, 2010)

Ultrastructure of pedal muscle as a function of temperature in nacellid limpets - Glenn Lurman; Till Blaser; Miles Lamare; Koh-Siang Tan; Hans Poertner; Lloyd S. Peck; Simon A. Morley (Marine Biology, 2010)

A method for climate and vegetation reconstruction through the inversion of a dynamic vegetation model - Vincent Garreta; Paul A. Miller; Joël Guiot; Christelle Hély; Simon Brewer; Martin T. Sykes; Thomas Litt (Climate Dynamics, 2010)

MR Image-Based Geometric and Hemodynamic Investigation of the Right Coronary Artery with Dynamic Vessel Motion - Ryo Torii; Jennifer Keegan; Nigel B. Wood; Andrew W. Dowsey; Alun D. Hughes; Guang-Zhong Yang; David N. Firmin; Simon A. McG. Thom; X. Yun Xu (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Influences of space, soil, nematodes and plants on microbial community composition of chalk grassland soils - Etienne Yergeau; T. Martijn Bezemer; Katarina Hedlund; Simon R. Mortimer; George A. Kowalchuk; Wim H. Van Der Putten (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary Microbial communities respond to a variety of environmental factors related to resources (e.g. plant and soil organic matter), habitat (e.g. soil characteristics) and predation (e.g. nematodes, protozoa and viruses). However, the relative contribution of these factors on microbial community composition is poorly understood. Here, we sampled soils from 30 chalk grassland fields located in three different chalk hill ridges of Southern England, using a spatially explicit sampling scheme. We assessed microbial communities via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses and PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and measured soil characteristics, as well as nematode and plant community composition. The relative influences of space, soil, vegetation and nematodes on soil microorganisms were contrasted using variation partitioning and path analysis. Results indicate that soil characteristics and plant community composition, representing habitat and resources, shape soil microbial community composition, whereas the influence of nematodes, a potential predation factor, appears to be relatively small. Spatial variation in microbial community structure was detected at broad (between fields) and fine (within fields) scales, suggesting that microbial communities exhibit biogeographic patterns at different scales. Although our analysis included several relevant explanatory data sets, a large part of the variation in microbial communities remained unexplained (up to 92% in some analyses). However, in several analyses, significant parts of the variation in microbial community structure could be explained. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the relative importance of different environmental and spatial factors in driving the composition of soil‐borne microbial communities.

Weaver ants Oecophylla smaragdina encounter nasty neighbors rather than dear enemies - Philip S. Newey; Simon K. A. Robson; Ross H. Crozier (Ecology, 2010)
The evolution of territorial behavior requires that the benefits of territoriality outweigh the costs. The costs are primarily those of territorial defense against encroaching neighbors or against floaters seeking to establish their own territory. One way to reduce the cost of defense might be to restrict serious conflict to encounters with those posing the greatest threat. Studies of many animals have found that less aggression is shown toward neighbors than toward strangers, a phenomenon known as the “dear enemy” effect. However, the opposite can also be true, namely, that more aggression is shown toward neighbors than strangers: the “nasty neighbor” effect. This may be particularly true of group‐living species that defend a resource‐based territory. Here we show that (1) colonies of the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina were able to recognize a greater proportion of workers from neighboring colonies as non‐colony members; and (2) when recognized as non‐colony members, more aggression was exhibited toward neighbors than non‐neighbors. We present for the first time evidence that differential levels of aggression involve both a perceptual and behavioral component. On the other hand, we found no evidence that weaver ant workers were better able to recognize workers from previously unknown colonies or responded more aggressively to them, even after a 10‐day period of contact. This contrasts with other species in which rapid learning of the identity of new potential enemies has been demonstrated. We suggest that such a response is unnecessary for weaver ants, as encounters with intruders from non‐neighboring colonies are probably rare and of little consequence. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the nasty neighbor effect may be much more common than the dear enemy effect among group‐living species.

Effect of Local Cultural Context on the Success of Community‐Based Conservation Interventions - KERRY A. WAYLEN; ANKE FISCHER; PHILIP J. K. MCGOWAN; SIMON J. THIRGOOD; E. J. MILNER‐GULLAND (Conservation Biology, 2010)
Conservation interventions require evaluation to understand what factors predict success or failure. To date, there has been little systematic investigation of the effect of social and cultural context on conservation success, although a large body of literature argues it is important. We investigated whether local cultural context, particularly local institutions and the efforts of interventions to engage with this culture significantly influence conservation outcomes. We also tested the effects of community participation, conservation education, benefit provision, and market integration. We systematically reviewed the literature on community‐based conservation and identified 68 interventions suitable for inclusion. We used a protocol to extract and code information and evaluated a range of measures of outcome success (attitudinal, behavioral, ecological, and economic). We also examined the association of each predictor with each outcome measure and the structure of predictor covariance. Local institutional context influenced intervention outcomes, and interventions that engaged with local institutions were more likely to succeed. Nevertheless, there was limited support for the role of community participation, conservation education, benefit provision, and market integration on intervention success. We recommend that conservation interventions seek to understand the societies they work with and tailor their activities accordingly. Systematic reviews are a valuable approach for assessing conservation evidence, although sensitive to the continuing lack of high‐quality reporting on conservation interventions.

Efficacy of bacterially expressed dsRNA specific to different structural genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in protection of shrimp from WSSV infection - M Sarathi; M C Simon; C Venkatesan; J Thomas; M Ravi; N Madan; S Thiyagarajan; A S Sahul Hameed (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2010)

Nitrogen and phosphorus additions negatively affect tree species diversity in tropical forest regrowth trajectories - Ilyas Siddique; Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira; Susanne Schmidt; David Lamb; Cláudio José Reis Carvalho; Ricardo de Oliveira Figueiredo; Simon Blomberg; Eric A. Davidson (Ecology, 2010)
Nutrient enrichment is increasingly affecting many tropical ecosystems, but there is no information on how this affects tree biodiversity. To examine dynamics in vegetation structure and tree species biomass and diversity, we annually remeasured tree species before and for six years after repeated additions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in permanent plots of abandoned pasture in Amazonia. Nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, phosphorus addition shifted growth among woody species. Nitrogen stimulated growth of two common pioneer tree species and one common tree species adaptable to both high‐ and low‐light environments, while P stimulated growth only of the dominant pioneer tree Rollinia exsucca (Annonaceae). Overall, N or P addition reduced tree assemblage evenness and delayed tree species accrual over time, likely due to competitive monopolization of other resources by the few tree species responding to nutrient enrichment with enhanced establishment and/or growth rates. Absolute tree growth rates were elevated for two years after nutrient addition. However, nutrient‐induced shifts in relative tree species growth and reduced assemblage evenness persisted for more than three years after nutrient addition, favoring two nutrient‐responsive pioneers and one early‐secondary tree species. Surprisingly, N + P effects on tree biomass and species diversity were consistently weaker than N‐only and P‐only effects, because grass biomass increased dramatically in response to N + P addition. The resulting intensified competition probably prevented an expected positive N + P synergy in the tree assemblage. Thus, N or P enrichment may favor unknown tree functional response types, reduce the diversity of coexisting species, and delay species accrual during structurally and functionally complex tropical rainforest secondary succession.

Diurnal variations of needle water isotopic ratios in two pine species - Keirith A. Snyder; Robert Monnar; Simon R. Poulson; Peter Hartsough; Franco Biondi (Trees, 2010)

Ecological effects of longline fishing and climate change on the pelagic ecosystem off eastern Australia - Shane P. Griffiths; Jock W. Young; Matt J. Lansdell; Robert A. Campbell; John Hampton; Simon D. Hoyle; Adam Langley; Donald Bromhead; Michael G. Hinton (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2010)

Three new legumes endemic to the Marañón Valley, Perú - G. P. Lewis; C. E. Hughes; A. Daza Yomona; J. Solange Sotuyo; M. F. Simon (Kew Bulletin, 2010)

Historic fuel wood use in the Galápagos Islands: identification of charred remains - Cynthia A. Froyd; Jessica A. Lee; Atholl J. Anderson; Simon G. Haberle; Peter E. Gasson; Katherine J. Willis (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010)

Biochemical and genetic studies on cardiometabolic syndrome - A. Supriya Simon; D. Dinesh Roy; V. Jayapal; T. Vijayakumar (Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2010)

Hybridization and polyploidy as drivers of continuing evolution and speciation in Sorbus - ASHLEY ROBERTSON; TIMOTHY C. G. RICH; ALEXANDRA M. ALLEN; LIBBY HOUSTON; CAT ROBERTS; JON R. BRIDLE; STEPHEN A. HARRIS; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Non‐native species disrupt the worldwide patterns of freshwater fish body size: implications for Bergmann’s rule - Simon Blanchet; Gael Grenouillet; Olivier Beauchard; Pablo A. Tedesco; Fabien Leprieur; Hans H. Dürr; Frederic Busson; Thierry Oberdorff; Sébastien Brosse (Ecology Letters, 2010)
Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 421–431 Abstract In this study, we test whether established non‐native species induce functional changes in natural assemblages. We combined data on the body size of freshwater fish species and a worldwide data set of native and non‐native fish species for 1058 river basins. We show that non‐native fish species are significantly larger than their native counterparts and are a non‐random subset of the worldwide set of fish species. We further show that the median body size of fish assemblages increases in the course of introductions. These changes are the opposite of those expected under several null models. Introductions shift body size patterns related to several abiotic factors (e.g. glacier coverage and temperature) in a way that modifies latitudinal patterns (i.e. Bergmann’s rule), especially in the southern hemisphere. Together, these results show that over just the last two centuries human beings have induced changes in the global biogeography of freshwater fish body size, which could affect ecosystem properties.

Influence of a Threatened‐Species Focus on Conservation Planning - SIMON P. DRUMMOND; KERRIE A. WILSON; ERIK MEIJAARD; MATTHEW WATTS; RONA DENNIS; LENNY CHRISTY; HUGH P. POSSINGHAM (Conservation Biology, 2010)
Conservation efforts at local, regional, and global scales often focus on threatened species despite recent calls to adopt more equitable and potentially more economically rational approaches. Critics contend that conservation planning centered only on threatened species fails to deliver cost‐efficient conservation outcomes. We explored how planning to preserve threatened mammal species would influence the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation investments in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that the explicit protection of threatened species delivered cost‐efficient outcomes in this situation, afforded adequate protection to over 90% of those species not yet considered endangered, and contributed to the partial protection of the remainder. We used Marxan, a conservation planning tool, to determine the frequency that planning units are selected in efficient reserve systems and assessed the relative risk of deforestation of each planning unit. Our methods allowed us to identify areas of the region that require the most urgent conservation action.

Expression and function of histamine H4 receptor in mouse splenic dendritic cells - T. Simon; I. Jelinek; Gy. Apponyi; V. László; É. Rajnavölgyi; A. Falus (Inflammation Research, 2010)

Effect of body tilt angle on fatigue and EMG activities in lower limbs during cycling - Mikel Egaña; Katie Ryan; Stuart A. Warmington; Simon Green (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Association between cervical dysplasia and human papillomavirus in HIV seropositive women from Johannesburg South Africa - Cynthia Firnhaber; Hoa Van Le; Audrey Pettifor; Doreen Schulze; Pam Michelow; Ian M. Sanne; David A. Lewis; Anna-Lise Williamson; Bruce Allan; Sophia Williams; Allen Rinas; Simon Levin; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Erratum to: Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Hinge Flow Fields of a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Under Aortic Conditions - Hélène A. Simon; Liang Ge; Iman Borazjani; Fotis Sotiropoulos; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Hinge Flow Fields of a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Under Aortic Conditions - Hélène A. Simon; Liang Ge; Fotis Sotiropoulos; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Breeding systems and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants along a large‐scale elevational gradient - Steven M. Vamosi; Simon A. Queenborough (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim The factors affecting the distribution of dioecious species have received surprisingly little attention and, as a consequence, are poorly understood. For example, there is a well‐documented negative association between dioecy and latitude, for which we have no candidate mechanisms. Conversely, it has been suggested that the relative proportion of dioecious species should be positively correlated with changes in elevation. Location Costa Rica, Central America. Methods We made use of data on the distribution of 175 seed plant species from a series of plots along a transect in Costa Rica that ranged from 30 to 2600 m a.s.l. to test the prediction that dioecy is correlated with elevation. Specifically, we examined relationships between the proportion of dioecy, at the species and individual levels, and the elevation, species richness, number of individuals, and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plots. For comparison, we repeated all analyses with monoecious species, which also have unisexual flowers but do not suffer from reduced mate assurance and the seed shadow effect that may be the outcomes of having spatially separated sexes. Results The relative proportions of dioecious species and individuals displayed a unimodal relationship with elevation, both peaking at 750 m a.s.l. In contrast, the relative proportions of monoecious species and individuals displayed negative associations with elevation. In addition, the proportion of dioecious species was significantly positively associated with species richness and with the PD of plots. The proportion of monoecious species was not associated with species richness and was weakly positively associated with the PD of plots. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the selection pressure of elevation on the pollinators and life‐history strategy of dioecious species is much less than expected, and is overshadowed by the as‐yet unexplained correlation of dioecy with species richness. Additional studies of the ecology of cosexual and unisexual (i.e. dioecious and monoecious) species along large environmental gradients are needed.

Effects of acute tryptophan depletion in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-remitted patients with generalized anxiety disorder - Sean D. Hood; Dana A. Hince; Simon J. C. Davies; Spilios Argyropoulos; Hayley Robinson; John Potokar; David J. Nutt (Psychopharmacology, 2010)

Fuels and Predicted Fire Behavior in the Southern Appalachian Mountains After Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments - Thomas Waldrop; Ross A. Phillips; Dean A. Simon (Forest Science, 2010)
This study tested the success of fuel reduction treatments for mitigating wildfire behavior in an area that has had little previous research on fire, the southern Appalachian Mountains. A secondary objective of treatments was to restore the community to an open woodland condition. Three blocks of four treatments were installed in a mature hardwood forest in western North Carolina. Fuel reduction treatments included chainsaw felling of small trees and shrubs (mechanical treatment), two prescribed fires 3 years apart, a combination of mechanical and burning treatments, and an untreated control. Mechanical treatment eliminated vertical fuels but without prescribed burning; the mechanical treatment added litter (11%) and woody fuels (1 hour 167%; 10 hours 78%) that increased several measures of BehavePlus4-simulated fire behavior (rate of spread, flame length, spread distance, and area burned) for 5 years. Prescribed burning reduced litter mass by 80% and reduced all simulated fire behavior variables for 1 year but had no residual effect by the third year. The combined mechanical and burning treatments had hot prescribed fires (mean temperature of 517°C at 30 cm aboveground) during the first burn that killed some overstory trees, resulting in increased amounts of woody fuels on the forest floor. All active treatments (fire, mechanical, and combined) reduced simulated wildfire behavior, even after a severe ice storm that added fine fuels. Prescribed burning in combination with the mechanical treatment was the most effective in reducing all measures of fire behavior and advancing restoration objectives. Each of the active treatments tested must be repeated to reduce fuels and lower wildfire behavior, but prescribed burning must be repeated frequently.

EfeO-cupredoxins: major new members of the cupredoxin superfamily with roles in bacterial iron transport - Mohan B. Rajasekaran; Sanjay Nilapwar; Simon C. Andrews; Kimberly A. Watson (BioMetals, 2010)

Cholinergic Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease. A Link with NGF Maturation and Degradation - A. Claudio Cuello; Martin A. Bruno; Simon Allard; Wanda Leon; M. Florencia Iulita (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2010)

Nightshade weeds ( Solanum spp.) confirmed as hosts of the potato pathogens Meloidogyne fallax and Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea - Farhat A. Shah; Richard E. Falloon; Simon R. Bulman (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2010)

Demersal fish and invertebrate biomass in relation to an offshore hypoxic zone along the US West Coast - AIMEE A. KELLER; VICTOR SIMON; FRANCIS CHAN; W. W. WAKEFIELD; M. E. CLARKE; JOHN A. BARTH; DAN KAMIKAWA; ERICA L. FRUH (Fisheries Oceanography, 2010)
In August 2007, as part of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey, we examined the biomass of demersal organisms in a known hypoxic area off the Oregon coast. Although observed each summer, the intensity of hypoxia has varied annually (2002–2007) with the greatest temporal and spatial extent noted in 2006. In 2007 we identified the geographic extent of the hypoxic zone and sampled 17 stations along two depth contours (50 and 70 m) within the area. A Sea‐Bird SBE 19 plus equipped with a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was attached to the bottom trawl to monitor oxygen concentration during each tow. Bottom DO concentrations at all stations were hypoxic with means along the tow tracts ranging from 0.43 to 1.27 mL L −1 . Total catch per unit effort (ln CPUE, kg hectare −1 ) and species diversity (number of species, N ) were significantly and positively related to oxygen concentration along the hypoxic gradient. In addition, CPUE (natural log‐transformed) for eight fish species and five benthic invertebrate species were significantly and positively related to bottom oxygen concentration within the hypoxic region. Condition factors for five fish species, as well as Dungeness crab ( Cancer magister ) increased with increased bottom oxygen levels along the hypoxic gradient. Historical catch (2003–2006) within the hypoxic zone indicates that biomass was significantly lower in 2006, the year with the lowest bottom DO levels, relative to other years.

Urban river wall habitat and vegetation: observations from the River Thames through central London - Robert A. Francis; Simon P.G. Hoggart (Urban Ecosystems, 2009)

Hydraulic Fracture Propagation with 3-D Leak-off - Simon A. Mathias; Maarten van Reeuwijk (Transport in Porous Media, 2009)

Vertically structured prokaryotic community can control the efficiency of the biological pump in the oceans - Takeshi Miki; Luca Giuggioli; Yutaka Kobayashi; Toshi Nagata; Simon A. Levin (Theoretical Ecology, 2009)

Population growth, trophic level, and reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fishes (Toxotes chatareus, Hamilton 1822 and Toxotes jaculatrix, Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters - K. D. Simon; Y. Bakar; A. Samat; C. C. Zaidi; A. Aziz; A. G. Mazlan (Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2009)

Surge in sulphur and halogen degassing from Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu - Philipson Bani; Clive Oppenheimer; Vitchko I. Tsanev; Simon A. Carn; Shane J. Cronin; Rachel Crimp; Julie A. Calkins; Douglas Charley; Michel Lardy; Tjarda R. Roberts (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2009)

Major QTL for carrot color are positionally associated with carotenoid biosynthetic genes and interact epistatically in a domesticated × wild carrot cross - Brian J. Just; Carlos A. F. Santos; Brian S. Yandell; Philipp W. Simon (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

Dissecting regulatory pathways of G1/S control in Arabidopsis: common and distinct targets of CYCD3;1, E2Fa and E2Fc - Sarah M. de Jager; Simon Scofield; Rachael P. Huntley; Alastair S. Robinson; Bart G. W. den Boer; James A. H. Murray (Plant Molecular Biology, 2009)

Tracking volcanic sulfur dioxide clouds for aviation hazard mitigation - Simon A. Carn; Arlin J. Krueger; Nickolay A. Krotkov; Kai Yang; Keith Evans (Natural Hazards, 2009)

Reproductive biology and characterization of Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. in Ghana - T. Peprah; D. A. Ofori; D. E. K. A. Siaw; S. D. Addo-Danso; J. R. Cobbinah; A. J. Simons; R. Jamnadass (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009)

Crawl-out behaviour in response to predation cues in an aquatic gastropod: insights from artificial selection - Sarah Dalesman; Simon D. Rundle; Peter A. Cotton (Evolutionary Ecology, 2009)

Fur seals at Macquarie Island: post-sealing colonisation, trends in abundance and hybridisation of three species - Simon David Goldsworthy; Jane McKenzie; Brad Page; Melanie L. Lancaster; Peter D. Shaughnessy; Louise P. Wynen; Susan A. Robinson; Kristian J. Peters; Alastair M. M. Baylis; Rebecca R. McIntosh (Polar Biology, 2009)

Accessory mineral U–Th–Pb ages and 40Ar/39Ar eruption chronology, and their bearing on rhyolitic magma evolution in the Pleistocene Coso volcanic field, California - Justin I. Simon; Jorge A. Vazquez; Paul R. Renne; Axel K. Schmitt; Charles R. Bacon; Mary R. Reid (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2009)

Identification of novel MHC class I sequences in pig-tailed macaques by amplicon pyrosequencing and full-length cDNA cloning and sequencing - Claire E. O’Leary; Roger W. Wiseman; Julie A. Karl; Benjamin N. Bimber; Simon M. Lank; Jennifer J. Tuscher; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2009)

Approximate Solutions for Pressure Buildup During CO2 Injection in Brine Aquifers - Simon A. Mathias; Paul E. Hardisty; Mark R. Trudell; Robert W. Zimmerman (Transport in Porous Media, 2009)

Heightened NTPDase-1/CD39 expression and angiogenesis in radiation proctitis - Sunil Sheth; Wissam Bleibel; Chandrashekhar Thukral; Yousif A-Rahim; Guido Beldi; Eva Csizmadia; Simon C. Robson (Purinergic Signalling, 2009)

OH in zoned amphiboles of eclogite from the western Tianshan, NW-China - Wen Su; Ming Zhang; Simon A. T. Redfern; Jun Gao; Reiner Klemd (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009)

Characterisation and expression of SPLUNC2, the human orthologue of rodent parotid secretory protein - Lynne Bingle; Frances A. Barnes; Hayley Lunn; Maslinda Musa; Steve Webster; C. W. Ian Douglas; Simon S. Cross; Alec S. High; Colin D. Bingle (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2009)

Movement signal choreography unaffected by receiver distance in the Australian Jacky lizard, Amphibolurus muricatus - Richard A. Peters; Simon J. Allen (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2009)

Improving multimodel weather forecast of monsoon rain over China using FSU superensemble - T. N. Krishnamurti; A. D. Sagadevan; A. Chakraborty; A. K. Mishra; A. Simon (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2009)

Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk, UK - Richard C. Preece; Simon A. Parfitt; G. Russell Coope; Kirsty E. H. Penkman; Philippe Ponel; John E. Whittaker (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2009)
Considerable debate surrounds the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in East Anglia following some recent stratigraphical reinterpretations. Resolution of the stratigraphy here is important since it not only concerns the glacial history of the region but also has a bearing on our understanding of the earliest human occupation of north‐western Europe. The orthodox consensus that all the tills were emplaced during the Anglian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12) has recently been challenged by a view assigning each major till to a different glacial stage, before, during and after MIS 12. Between Trimingham and Sidestrand on the north Norfolk coast, datable organic sediments occur immediately below and above the glacial succession. The oldest glacial deposit (Happisburgh Till) directly overlies the ‘Sidestrand Unio ‐bed’, here defined as the Sidestrand Hall Member of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation. Dating of these sediments therefore has a bearing on the maximum age of the glacial sequence. This paper reviews the palaeobotany and describes the faunal assemblages recovered from the Sidestrand Unio ‐bed, which accumulated in a fluvial environment in a fully temperate climate with regional deciduous woodland. There are indications from the ostracods for weakly brackish conditions. Significant differences are apparent between the Sidestrand assemblages and those from West Runton, the type site of the Cromerian Stage. These differences do not result from contrasting facies or taphonomy but reflect warmer palaeotemperatures at Sidestrand and a much younger age. This conclusion is suggested by the higher proportion of thermophiles at Sidestrand and the occurrence of a water vole with unrooted molars ( Arvicola ) rather than its ancestor Mimomys savini with rooted molars. Amino acid racemisation data also indicate that Sidestrand is significantly younger than West Runton. These data further highlight the stratigraphical complexity of the ‘Cromerian Complex’ and support the conventional view that the Happisburgh Till was emplaced during the Anglian rather than the recently advanced view that it dates from MIS 16. Moreover, new evidence from the Trimingham lake bed (Sidestrand Cliff Formation) above the youngest glacial outwash sediments (Briton's Lane Formation) indicates that they also accumulated during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial – probably MIS 11. All of this evidence is consistent with a short chronology placing the glacial deposits within MIS 12, rather than invoking multiple episodes of glaciation envisaged in the ‘new glacial stratigraphy’ during MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Climate and agricultural context shape reproductive mode variation in an aphid crop pest - A. GILABERT; J.‐C. SIMON; L. MIEUZET; F. HALKETT; S. STOECKEL; M. PLANTEGENEST; C.‐A. DEDRYVER (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
In aphids, reproductive mode is generally assumed to be selected for by winter climate. Sexual lineages produce frost‐resistant eggs, conferring an advantage in regions with cold winters, while asexual lineages predominate in regions with mild winters. However, habitat and resource heterogeneities are known to exert a strong influence on sex maintenance and might modulate the effect of climate on aphid reproductive strategies. We carried out a hierarchical sampling in northern France to investigate whether reproductive mode variation of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi is driven by winter climate conditions, by habitat and resource heterogeneities represented by a range of host plants or by both factors. We confirmed the coexistence in R. padi populations of two genetic clusters associated with distinct reproductive strategies. Asexual lineages predominated, whatever the surveyed year and location. However, we detected a between‐year variation in the local contribution of both clusters, presumably associated with preceding winter severity. No evidence for host‐driven niche differentiation was found in the field on six Poaceae among sexual and asexual lineages. Two dominant multilocus genotypes (∼70% of the sample), having persisted over a 10‐year period, were equally abundant on different plant species and locations, indicating their large ecological tolerance. Our results fit theoretical predictions of the influence of winter climate on the balance between sexual and asexual lineages. They also highlight the importance of current agricultural practices which seem to favour a small number of asexual generalist genotypes and their migration across large areas of monotonous environments.

Autism Overflows with Syntheses - Matthew K. Belmonte; Yoram S. Bonneh; Yael Adini; Portia E. Iversen; Natacha A. Akshoomoff; Tal Kenet; Christopher I. Moore; Helen J. Simon; John F. Houde; Michael M. Merzenich (Neuropsychology Review, 2009)

Hierarchical Annealing for Synthesis of Binary Images - Simon K. Alexander; Paul Fieguth; Marios A. Ioannidis; Edward R. Vrscay (Mathematical Geosciences, 2009)

Visuomotor control of step descent: evidence of specialised role of the lower visual field - Matthew A. Timmis; Simon J. Bennett; John G. Buckley (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)

Monitoring human impacts on sandy shore ecosystems: a test of ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.) as biological indicators on an urban beach - Serena Lucrezi; Thomas A. Schlacher; Simon Walker (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Sudden expansion of a single brown bear maternal lineage across northern continental Eurasia after the last ice age: a general demographic model for mammals? - MARJU KORSTEN; SIMON Y. W. HO; JOHN DAVISON; BERIT PÄHN; EGLE VULLA; MARIS ROHT; IGOR L. TUMANOV; ILPO KOJOLA; ZANETE ANDERSONE‐LILLEY; JANIS OZOLINS; MALGORZATA PILOT; YORGOS MERTZANIS; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
The brown bear has proved a useful model for studying Late Quaternary mammalian phylogeography. However, information is lacking from northern continental Eurasia, which constitutes a large part of the species’ current distribution. We analysed mitochondrial DNA sequences (totalling 1943 bp) from 205 bears from northeast Europe and Russia in order to characterize the maternal phylogeography of bears in this region. We also estimated the formation times of the sampled brown bear lineages and those of its extinct relative, the cave bear. Four closely related haplogroups belonging to a single mitochondrial subclade were identified in northern continental Eurasia. Several haplotypes were found throughout the whole study area, while one haplogroup was restricted to Kamchatka. The haplotype network, estimated divergence times and various statistical tests indicated that bears in northern continental Eurasia recently underwent a sudden expansion, preceded by a severe bottleneck. This brown bear population was therefore most likely founded by a small number of bears that were restricted to a single refuge area during the last glacial maximum. This pattern has been described previously for other mammal species and as such may represent one general model for the phylogeography of Eurasian mammals. Bayesian divergence time estimates are presented for different brown and cave bear clades. Moreover, our results demonstrate the extent of substitution rate variation occurring throughout the phylogenetic tree, highlighting the need for appropriate calibration when estimating divergence times.

Geochemistry of hornblende gabbros from Sonidzuoqi, Inner Mongolia, North China: implications for magmatism during the final stage of suprasubduction‐zone ophiolite formation - Xiaohui Zhang; Simon A. Wilde; Hongfu Zhang; Yanjie Tang; Mingguo Zhai (International Geology Review, 2009)

Large scale purification protocol for carnocin KZ 213 from Carnobacterium piscicola - C. Saint-Hubert; A. Durieux; E. Bodo; J.-P. Simon (Biotechnology Letters, 2009)

Phylogeography of lions ( Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity - ROSS BARNETT; BETH SHAPIRO; IAN BARNES; SIMON Y. W. HO; JOACHIM BURGER; NOBUYUKI YAMAGUCHI; THOMAS F. G. HIGHAM; H. TODD WHEELER; WILFRIED ROSENDAHL; ANDREI V. SHER; MARINA SOTNIKOVA; TATIANA KUZNETSOVA; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Lions were the most widespread carnivores in the late Pleistocene, ranging from southern Africa to the southern USA, but little is known about the evolutionary relationships among these Pleistocene populations or the dynamics that led to their extinction. Using ancient DNA techniques, we obtained mitochondrial sequences from 52 individuals sampled across the present and former range of lions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters: (i) modern lions, Panthera leo ; (ii) extinct Pleistocene cave lions, which formed a homogeneous population extending from Europe across Beringia (Siberia, Alaska and western Canada); and (iii) extinct American lions, which formed a separate population south of the Pleistocene ice sheets. The American lion appears to have become genetically isolated around 340 000 years ago, despite the apparent lack of significant barriers to gene flow with Beringian populations through much of the late Pleistocene. We found potential evidence of a severe population bottleneck in the cave lion during the previous interstadial, sometime after 48 000 years, adding to evidence from bison, mammoths, horses and brown bears that megafaunal populations underwent major genetic alterations throughout the last interstadial, potentially presaging the processes involved in the subsequent end‐Pleistocene mass extinctions.

Effects of prior amphetamine exposure on approach strategy in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning in rats - Nicholas W. Simon; Ian A. Mendez; Barry Setlow (Psychopharmacology, 2009)

A comparison between CLNA and CLA effects on body fat, serum parameters and liver composition - J. Miranda; A. Fernández-Quintela; M. T. Macarulla; I. Churruca; C. García; V. M. Rodríguez; E. Simon; M. P. Portillo (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009)

Breakpoint mapping and haplotype analysis of three reciprocal translocations identify a novel recurrent translocation in two unrelated families: t(4;11)(p16.2;p15.4) - N. Simon Thomas; Viv Maloney; Victoria Bryant; Shuwen Huang; Carole Brewer; Katherine Lachlan; Patricia A. Jacobs (Human Genetics, 2009)

A Neisseria meningitidis NMB1966 mutant is impaired for invasion of respiratory epithelial cells, survival in human blood and for virulence in vivo - Ming-Shi Li; Noel Y. S. Chow; Sunita Sinha; Denise Halliwell; Michelle Finney; Andrew R. Gorringe; Mark W. Watson; J. Simon Kroll; Paul R. Langford; Steven A. R. Webb (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2009)

The binding of haem and zinc in the 1.9 Å X-ray structure of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin - Simon C. Willies; Michail N. Isupov; Elspeth F. Garman; Jennifer A. Littlechild (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2009)

Associations between elevated atmospheric temperature and human mortality: a critical review of the literature - Simon N. Gosling; Jason A. Lowe; Glenn R. McGregor; Mark Pelling; Bruce D. Malamud (Climatic Change, 2009)

Orbital forcing and role of the latitudinal insolation/temperature gradient - Basil A. S. Davis; Simon Brewer (Climate Dynamics, 2009)

Simultaneous Cu-, Fe-, and Zn-specific detection of metalloproteins contained in rabbit plasma by size-exclusion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy - Shawn A. Manley; Simon Byrns; Andrew W. Lyon; Peter Brown; Jürgen Gailer (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2009)

Simultaneous Cu-, Fe-, and Zn-specific detection of metalloproteins contained in rabbit plasma by size-exclusion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy - Shawn A. Manley; Simon Byrns; Andrew W. Lyon; Peter Brown; Jürgen Gailer (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2009)

Climate change and heat-related mortality in six cities Part 2: climate model evaluation and projected impacts from changes in the mean and variability of temperature with climate change - Simon N. Gosling; Glenn R. McGregor; Jason A. Lowe (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2009)

Diversity in Current Ecological Thinking: Implications for Environmental Management - Susan A. Moore; Tabatha J. Wallington; Richard J. Hobbs; Paul R. Ehrlich; C. S. Holling; Simon Levin; David Lindenmayer; Claudia Pahl-Wostl; Hugh Possingham; Monica G. Turner; Mark Westoby (Environmental Management, 2009)

Morphological and molecular confirmation of Xiphinema brevicollum , a nematode from the virus-vectoring X. americanum group, from New Zealand - Farhat A. Shah; Nigel L. Bell; Simon R. Bulman (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2009)

Dust supply from river floodplains: the case of the lower Huang He (Yellow River) recorded in a loess–palaeosol sequence from the Mangshan Plateau - Maarten A. Prins; Hongbo Zheng; Kay Beets; Simon Troelstra; Patrick Bacon; Ilse Kamerling; Wouter Wester; Martin Konert; Xiangtong Huang; Wang Ke; Jef Vandenberghe (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2009)
The Mangshan Plateau is located on the south bank of the Huang He (Yellow River) just west of the city of Zhengzhou, well outside the Loess Plateau in central China. Mixing models of the grain‐size data indicate that the loess deposits are mixtures of three loess components. Comparison of the mixing model with existing models established for a series of loess–palaeosol sequences from the Loess Plateau indicates that the Mangshan loess has been supplied from a proximal dust source, the Huang He floodplain, during major dust outbreaks. The high accumulation rates, the composition of the loess components, and especially the high proportions of a sandy loess component support this. Owing to the exceptionally high accumulation rates, the Mangshan grain size, magnetic susceptibility and carbonate records provide a high‐resolution archive of environmental and climate change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Potential for phosphonoacetate utilization by marine bacteria in temperate coastal waters - Jack A. Gilbert; Simon Thomas; Natalie A. Cooley; Anna Kulakova; Dawn Field; Tim Booth; John W. McGrath; John P. Quinn; Ian Joint (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Phosphonates are organic compounds that contain a C–P bond and are a poorly characterized component of the marine phosphorus cycle. They may represent a potential source of bioavailable phosphorus, particularly in oligotrophic conditions. This study has investigated the distribution of the phnA gene which encodes phosphonoacetate hydrolase, the enzyme that mineralizes phosphonoacetate. Using newly designed degenerate primers targeting the phnA gene we analysed the potential for phosphonoacetate utilization in DNA and cDNA libraries constructed from a phytoplankton bloom in the Western English Channel during July 2006. Total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed and phosphonoacetate hydrolase ( phnA ) transcripts were PCR amplified from the cDNA with the degenerate primers, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated considerable diversity with 14 sequence types yielding five unique phnA protein groups. We also identified 28 phnA homologues in a 454‐pyrosequencing metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study from a coastal marine mesocosm, indicating that > 3% of marine bacteria in this study contained phnA . phnA homologues were also present in a metagenomic fosmid library from this experiment. Finally, cultures of four isolates of potential coral pathogens belonging to the Vibrionaceae contained the phnA gene. In the laboratory, these isolates were able to grow with phosphonoacetate as sole P and C source. The fact that the capacity to utilize phosphonoacetate was evident in each of the three coastal environments suggests the potential for widespread utilization of this bioavailable P source.

Comparison between perfect information and passive–adaptive social learning models of forest harvesting - Akiko Satake; Yoh Iwasa; Simon A. Levin (Theoretical Ecology, 2008)

EST and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Support a Distinct Pacific Form of Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis - Ryosuke Yazawa; Motoshige Yasuike; Jong Leong; Kristian R. von Schalburg; Glenn A. Cooper; Marianne Beetz-Sargent; Adrienne Robb; William S. Davidson; Simon R. M. Jones; Ben F. Koop (Marine Biotechnology, 2008)

Leukocyte depletion during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation in high risk patients - F. Bakhtiary; A. Moritz; P. Kleine; O. Dzemali; A. Simon; H. Ackermann; S. Martens (Inflammation Research, 2008)

Phylogeography of the bigeye chub Hybopsis amblops (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): early Pleistocene diversification and post‐glacial range expansion - P. B. Berendzen; T. Gamble; A. M. Simons (Journal of Fish Biology, 2008)
The bigeye chub, Hybopsis amblops , is a member of the Central Highlands ichthyofauna of eastern North America. Phylogenetic analyses of the H. amblops species group based on a 1059 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene did not recover a monophyletic group. The inclusion of Hybopsis hypsinotus in the species complex is questionable. Within H. amblops , five strongly supported clades were identified; two clades containing haplotypes from the Ozark Highlands and three clades containing haplotypes from the Eastern Highlands and previously glaciated regions of the Ohio and Wabash River drainages. Estimates of the timing of divergence indicated that prior to the onset of glaciation, vicariant events separated populations east and west of the Mississippi River. East of the Mississippi River glacial cycles associated with the blocking and rerouting of the Teays River system caused populations to be pushed southward into refugia of the upper Ohio River. Following the most recent Wisconsinan glaciation, populations expanded northward into previously glaciated regions and southward into the Cumberland River drainage. In the Ozarks, west of the Mississippi River, isolation of clades appears to be maintained by the lack of stream capture events between the upper Arkansas and the White River systems and a barrier formed by the Arkansas River.

Urinary Bladder Function and Somatic Sensitivity in Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)−/− Mice - Simon Studeny; Bopaiah P. Cheppudira; Susan Meyers; Elena M. Balestreire; Gerard Apodaca; Lori A. Birder; Karen M. Braas; James A. Waschek; Victor May; Margaret A. Vizzard (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2008)

Expression of Phosphorylated cAMP Response Element Binding Protein (p-CREB) in Bladder Afferent Pathways in VIP−/− Mice with Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-Induced Cystitis - Dorthe G. Jensen; Simon Studeny; Victor May; James Waschek; Margaret A. Vizzard (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2008)

Host range expansion of an introduced insect pest through multiple colonizations of specialized clones - J. PECCOUD; C. C. FIGUEROA; A. X. SILVA; C. C. RAMIREZ; L. MIEUZET; J. BONHOMME; S. STOECKEL; M. PLANTEGENEST; J.‐C. SIMON (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Asexuality confers demographic advantages to invasive taxa, but generally limits adaptive potential for colonizing of new habitats. Therefore, pre‐existing adaptations and habitat tolerance are essential in the success of asexual invaders. We investigated these key factors of invasiveness by assessing reproductive modes and host‐plant adaptations in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , a pest recently introduced into Chile. The pea aphid encompasses lineages differing in their reproductive mode, ranging from obligatory cyclical parthenogenesis to fully asexual reproduction. This species also shows variation in host use, with distinct biotypes specialized on different species of legumes as well as more polyphagous populations. In central Chile, microsatellite genotyping of pea aphids sampled on five crops and wild legumes revealed three main clonal genotypes, which showed striking associations with particular host plants rather than sampling locations. Phenotypic analyses confirmed their strong host specialization and demonstrated parthenogenesis as their sole reproductive mode. The genetic relatedness of these clonal genotypes with corresponding host‐specialized populations from the Old World indicated that each clone descended from a particular Eurasian biotype, which involved at least three successful introduction events followed by spread on different crops. This study illustrates that multiple introductions of highly specialized clones, rather than local evolution in resource use and/or selection of generalist genotypes, can explain the demographic success of a strictly asexual invader.

Genetic structuring of important medicinal species of genus Warburgia as revealed by AFLP analysis - A. Muchugi; G. M. Muluvi; R. Kindt; C. A. C. Kadu; A. J. Simons; R. H. Jamnadass (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2008)

Early recognition of graft compatibility in Uapaca kirkiana Müell Arg. clones, provenances and species - Simon A. Mng’omba; Elsa S. du Toit; Festus K. Akinnifesi (Agroforestry Systems, 2008)

Mortalities caused by off-road vehicles (ORVs) to a key member of sandy beach assemblages, the surf clam Donax deltoides - Thomas A. Schlacher; Luke M. C. Thompson; Simon J. Walker (Hydrobiologia, 2008)

Mapping bathymetric and hydrographic features of Glover's Reef, Belize, with a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle - Andrey Y. Shcherbina; Glen G. Gawarkiewicz; Christopher A. Linder; Simon R. Thorrold (Limnology and Oceanography, 2008)
We used an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to survey bathymetry and water mass properties at Glover's Reef atoll in Belize as part of a multidisciplinary study of population connectivity of Nassau grouper ( Epinephelus striatus ). Nassau grouper populations are declining dramatically throughout its range in the Caribbean because of overfishing. In response, Marine Protected Areas have been established at several spawning aggregation (SPAG) sites. However, effectiveness of these measures is presently unclear, as the regional patterns of transport and recruitment of grouper larvae have not been measured in extensive field studies. As part of a pilot study to relate oceanographic processes with transport and recruitment of Nassau grouper larvae, we used a Remote Environmental Monitoring Unit(S) (REMUS) AUV to measure the bathymetry, stratification, current velocity, and chlorophyll a fluorescence around Glover's Reef. The portability of the REMUS system enabled comprehensive oceanographic data collection in a remote location with minimal infrastructure. Using REMUS, we were able to effectively map the bathymetry of the reef and the shelfbreak. These data were merged with historical bathymetric data to develop a new chart of the atoll margin. A distinct contrast in the width of the shelves on the eastern and western sides of the atoll was demonstrated, with the widest shelf coinciding with the SPAG site. Water mass structure in the vicinity of SPAG site was also markedly different from other locations on the reef, suggesting an offshore advective influence on eggs and early‐stage larvae released there.

Ti-in-zircon thermometry: applications and limitations - Bin Fu; F. Zeb Page; Aaron J. Cavosie; John Fournelle; Noriko T. Kita; Jade Star Lackey; Simon A. Wilde; John W. Valley (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)

Recovery of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) plants transformed with the antifungal plant defensin gene PDF1.2 - Simon H. T. Raharjo; Witjaksono; Miguel A. Gomez-Lim; Guillermo Padilla; Richard E. Litz (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2008)

Investigation of the origins of human autosomal inversions - N. Simon Thomas; Victoria Bryant; Vivienne Maloney; Annette E. Cockwell; Patricia A. Jacobs (Human Genetics, 2008)

Polyclonal cytomegalovirus-specific antibodies not only prevent virus dissemination from the portal of entry but also inhibit focal virus spread within target tissues - Nikolaus Wirtz; Sina I. Schader; Rafaela Holtappels; Christian O. Simon; Niels A. W. Lemmermann; Matthias J. Reddehase; Jürgen Podlech (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2008)

Population dynamics of natural colonies of Aurelia sp. scyphistomae in Tasmania, Australia - Simon Willcox; Natalie A. Moltschaniwskyj; Christine M. Crawford (Marine Biology, 2008)

The Evolutionary History and Tissue Mapping of Amino Acid Transporters Belonging to Solute Carrier Families SLC32, SLC36, and SLC38 - Björn E. Sundberg; Elin Wååg; Josefin A. Jacobsson; Olga Stephansson; Juris Rumaks; Simons Svirskis; Johan Alsiö; Erika Roman; Ted Ebendal; Vija Klusa; Robert Fredriksson (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2008)

Nedd1 expression as a marker of dynamic centrosomal localization during mouse embryonic development - Jantina A. Manning; Paul A. Colussi; Simon A. Koblar; Sharad Kumar (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2008)

Mannitol and inflammatory markers in the cerebral spinal fluid of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis - A. P. Liappis; V. L. Kan; N. C. Richman; B. Yoon; B. Wong; G. L. Simon (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008)

Production, characterization and (co-)immobilization of dextranase from Penicillium aculeatum - Frank A. Erhardt; Simon Stammen; Hans-Joachim Jördening (Biotechnology Letters, 2008)

Impact of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure During Heterogeneous Lung Injury: Insights from Computed Tomographic Image Functional Modeling - C. L. Bellardine Black; A. M. Hoffman; L. W. Tsai; E. P. Ingenito; B. Suki; D. W. Kaczka; B. A. Simon; K. R. Lutchen (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2008)

Quetiapine augmentation of paroxetine CR for the treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings - Naomi M. Simon; Kathryn M. Connor; Richard T. LeBeau; Elizabeth A. Hoge; John J. Worthington; Wei Zhang; Jonathan R. T. Davidson; Mark H. Pollack (Psychopharmacology, 2008)

Oral Administration of Bacterially Expressed VP28dsRNA to Protect Penaeus monodon from White Spot Syndrome Virus - M. Sarathi; Martin C. Simon; C. Venkatesan; A. S. Sahul Hameed (Marine Biotechnology, 2008)

A new mechanism of dominance in hypophosphatasia: the mutated protein can disturb the cell localization of the wild-type protein - A. S. Lia-Baldini; I. Brun-Heath; C. Carrion; B. Simon-Bouy; J. L. Serre; M. E. Nunes; E. Mornet (Human Genetics, 2008)

Silencing VP28 Gene of White Spot Syndrome Virus of Shrimp by Bacterially Expressed dsRNA - M. Sarathi; Martin C. Simon; V. P. Ishaq Ahmed; S. Rajesh Kumar; A. S. Sahul Hameed (Marine Biotechnology, 2008)

Integration of Mouse Phenome Data Resources - John M. Hancock; Niels C. Adams; Vassilis Aidinis; Andrew Blake; Judith A. Blake; Molly Bogue; Steve D. M. Brown; Elissa J. Chesler; Duncan Davidson; Christopher Duran; Janan T. Eppig; Valérie Gailus-Durner; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2008)

Assessing phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasm - Pedro A. López; Mark P. Widrlechner; Philipp W. Simon; Satish Rai; Terri D. Boylston; Terry A. Isbell; Theodore B. Bailey; Candice A. Gardner; Lester A. Wilson (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2008)

Simultaneous sensorimotor adaptation and sequence learning - Simon A. Overduin; Andrew G. Richardson; Emilio Bizzi; Daniel Z. Press (Experimental Brain Research, 2008)

Compatibility relations between the edible carrot Daucus carota and D. pusillus, a related wild species from the Argentinian Pampas - Elsa L. Camadro; Miguel A. Cauhépé; Philipp W. Simon (Euphytica, 2008)

Order parameter coupling in leucite: a calorimetric study - Helen Newton; Stuart A. Hayward; Simon A. T. Redfern (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2008)

Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: The MHC Haplotype Project - Roger Horton; Richard Gibson; Penny Coggill; Marcos Miretti; Richard J. Allcock; Jeff Almeida; Simon Forbes; James G. R. Gilbert; Karen Halls; Jennifer L. Harrow; Elizabeth Hart; Kevin Howe; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2008)

Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs: fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck - Simon J. Walker; Thomas A. Schlacher; Monika A. Schlacher‐Hoenlinger (Marine Ecology, 2007)
Artificial reefs are spatially complex habitats and serve as good model systems to study patterns of community succession and the response of epibiota to environmental clines over small spatial scales. Here, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in community composition and diversity of fouling communities across a number of environmental gradients that included water depth, surface orientation of habitats, exposure to currents, and shelter. Assemblage structure was quantified by spatially replicated photo transects on a recently scuttled large navy ship off the East Australian coast, lying in 27 m of water. A rich assemblage of epifauna had colonized the wreck within a year, dominated by barnacles, sponges and bryozoans. Community structure varied significantly over small spatial scales of meters to tens of meters. Depth, surface orientation and exposure were the major environmental drivers. Assemblages were substantially less diverse and abundant on the deepest (23 m near the seafloor) part of the hull with residual antifouling paint, on sheltered surfaces inside the wreck, and on the sediment‐laden horizontal surfaces. Overall, the wrecks’ habitat complexity corresponds with small‐scale heterogeneity in the fouling communities. This study supports the notion that wrecks enhance local diversity and biomass within the habitat mosaic of their location, and habitat complexity may be an important mechanism for this, as demonstrated by the large spatial variability in the assemblages documented here.

Selection using the alpha-1 integrin (CD49a) enhances the multipotentiality of the mesenchymal stem cell population from heterogeneous bone marrow stromal cells - David A. Rider; Thenmozhi Nalathamby; Victor Nurcombe; Simon M. Cool (Journal of Molecular Histology, 2007)

Piperacillin-tazobactam in pediatric cancer patients younger than 25 months: a retrospective multicenter survey - A. Simon; T. Lehrnbecher; U. Bode; A. H. Groll; L. Tramsen; R. Wieland; E. Molitor; G. Fleischhack; H. J. Laws (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2007)

Habitat niche partitioning by 16 species of Myristicaceae in Amazonian Ecuador - Simon A. Queenborough; David F. R. P. Burslem; Nancy C. Garwood; Renato Valencia (Plant Ecology, 2007)

PIP2-dependent inhibition of M-type (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channels: direct on-line assessment of PIP2 depletion by Gq-coupled receptors in single living neurons - Simon Hughes; Stephen J. Marsh; Andrew Tinker; David A. Brown (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2007)

A novel use of TAT-EGFP to validate techniques to alter osteosarcoma cell surface glycosaminoglycan expression - Arjuna Kumarasuriyar; Christian Dombrowski; David A. Rider; Victor Nurcombe; Simon M. Cool (Journal of Molecular Histology, 2007)

Lag Effects in the Impacts of Mass Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish, Fisheries, and Ecosystems - NICHOLAS A. J. GRAHAM; SHAUN K. WILSON; SIMON JENNINGS; NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN; JAN ROBINSON; JUDE P. BIJOUX; TIM M. DAW (Conservation Biology, 2007)
Recent episodes of coral bleaching have led to wide‐scale loss of reef corals and raised concerns over the effectiveness of existing conservation and management efforts. The 1998 bleaching event was most severe in the western Indian Ocean, where coral declined by up to 90% in some locations. Using fisheries‐independent data, we assessed the long‐term impacts of this event on fishery target species in the Seychelles, the overall size structure of the fish assemblage, and the effectiveness of two marine protected areas (MPAs) in protecting fish communities. The biomass of fished species above the size retained in fish traps changed little between 1994 and 2005, indicating no current effect on fishery yields. Biomass remained higher in MPAs, indicating they were effective in protecting fish stocks. Nevertheless, the size structure of the fish communities, as described with size‐spectra analysis, changed in both fished areas and MPAs, with a decline in smaller fish ( 45 cm). We believe this represents a time‐lag response to a reduction in reef structural complexity brought about because fishes are being lost through natural mortality and fishing, and are not being replaced by juveniles. This effect is expected to be greater in terms of fisheries productivity and, because congruent patterns are observed for herbivores, suggests that MPAs do not offer coral reefs long‐term resilience to bleaching events. Corallivores and planktivores declined strikingly in abundance, particularly in MPAs, and this decline was associated with a similar pattern of decline in their preferred corals. We suggest that climate‐mediated disturbances, such as coral bleaching, be at the fore of conservation planning for coral reefs.

Influence of Pulsatile Flow on LDL Transport in the Arterial Wall - Nanfeng Sun; Nigel B. Wood; Alun D. Hughes; Simon A. M. Thom; X. Yun Xu (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2007)

Reliability of Estimating Stochastic Lung Tissue Heterogeneity from Pulmonary Impedance Spectra: A Forward-Inverse Modeling Study - David W. Kaczka; Christopher B. Massa; Brett A. Simon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2007)

Reliability of Estimating Stochastic Lung Tissue Heterogeneity from Pulmonary Impedance Spectra: A Forward-Inverse Modeling Study - David W. Kaczka; Christopher B. Massa; Brett A. Simon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2007)

Combining DNA and morphological analyses of faecal samples improves insight into trophic interactions: a case study using a generalist predator - Ruth M. Casper; Simon N. Jarman; Nicholas J. Gales; Mark A. Hindell (Marine Biology, 2007)

A Pseudo-Response Regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - James Beales; Adrian Turner; Simon Griffiths; John W. Snape; David A. Laurie (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2007)

The M flax rust resistance pre-mRNA is alternatively spliced and contains a complex upstream untranslated region - Simon Schmidt; Maria Lombardi; Donald M. Gardiner; Michael Ayliffe; Peter A. Anderson (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2007)

Lower reproductive success in hybrid fur seal males indicates fitness costs to hybridization - MELANIE L. LANCASTER; COREY J. A. BRADSHAW; SIMON D. GOLDSWORTHY; PAUL SUNNUCKS (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
Hybridization among organisms can potentially contribute to the processes of evolution, but this depends on the fitness of hybrids relative to parental species. A small, recently formed population of fur seals on subantarctic Macquarie Island contains a high proportion of hybrids (17–30%) derived from combinations of three parental species: Antarctic, subantarctic and New Zealand fur seals. Mitochondrial control‐region data (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and nine microsatellites were used to determine the species composition of breeding adults, and hybrid male fitness was measured by comparing reproductive success (number of genetically inferred paternities) of hybrid and pure‐species territory males over 6 years. No correlations were found between male reproductive success and three genetic measures of outbreeding, but this may be due to a relatively small number of dominant males analysed. Territory males fathered 63% of pups, but hybrid males had lower reproductive success than pure‐species males despite having the same ability to hold territories. A greater proportion of females in hybrid male territories conceived extra‐territorially than those in territories of pure‐species males, and most (70 of 82) mated with conspecifics. This suggests the presence of reproductive isolating mechanisms that promote positive assortative mating and reduce the production of hybrid offspring. Although we found no evidence for male sterility in the population, mechanisms that reduce lifetime reproductive success may act to decrease the frequency of hybrids. Our study has identified a disadvantage of hybridization — reduced reproductive success of hybrid sons — that may be contributing to the persistence of pure lineages at Macquarie Island and the temporal decline in hybridization observed there.

Hypoxia tolerance associated with activity reduction is a key adaptation for Laternula elliptica seasonal energetics - Simon A. Morley; Lloyd S. Peck; Andrew J. Miller; Hans O. Pörtner (Oecologia, 2007)

Spatio-temporal Flow Analysis in Bileaflet Heart Valve Hinge Regions: Potential Analysis for Blood Element Damage - Hélène A. Simon; Lakshmi P. Dasi; Hwa-Liang Leo; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2007)

Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene - Robert D. Ward; Shannon W. Davis; MinChul Cho; Constance Esposito; Robert H. Lyons; Jan-Fang Cheng; Edward M. Rubin; Simon J. Rhodes; Lori T. Raetzman; Timothy P. L. Smith; Sally A. Camper (Mammalian Genome, 2007)

MIM: a multifunctional scaffold protein - Laura M. Machesky; Simon A. Johnston (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2007)

Impairments of hippocampal synaptic plasticity induced by aggregated beta-amyloid (25–35) are dependent on stimulation-protocol and genetic background - Simon Gengler; Victor A. Gault; Patrick Harriott; Christian Hölscher (Experimental Brain Research, 2007)

Phase-reversed seabed reflections in seismic data: examples related to mud volcanoes from the South Caspian Sea - Robert J. Evans; Simon A. Stewart; Richard J. Davies (Geo-Marine Letters, 2007)

Multiple paternity in a natural population of a wild tobacco fly, Bactrocera cacuminata (Diptera: Tephritidae), assessed by microsatellite DNA markers - SIMON D. SONG; RICHARD A. I. DREW; JANE M. HUGHES (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
Mating frequency has important implications for patterns of sexual selection and sexual conflict and hence for issues such as speciation and the maintenance of genetic diversity. Knowledge of natural mating patterns can also lead to more effective control of pest tephritid species, in which suppression programmes, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) are employed. Multiple mating by females may compromise the success of SIT. We investigated the level of polyandry and sperm utilization in a Brisbane field population of the tropical fruit fly, Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering), using seven polymorphic microsatellite loci. The offspring of 22 wild‐caught gravid females were genotyped to determine the number of males siring each brood and paternity skew, using the programs gerud and scare . Our data showed that 22.7% of females produced offspring sired by at least two males. The mean number of mates per female was 1.72. Paternal contributions of double‐sired broods were skewed with the most successful male having sired between 76.9% and 87.5% of the offspring. These results have implications for SIT, because the level of remating we have identified would indicate that wild females could mate with one or more resident fertile males.

Geographical distribution of wild Daucus species in the natural grasslands of the Argentinian pampas - E. L. Camadro; M. A. Cauhépé; P. W. Simon (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2007)

Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land‐use change - Claire Kremen; Neal M. Williams; Marcelo A. Aizen; Barbara Gemmill‐Herren; Gretchen LeBuhn; Robert Minckley; Laurence Packer; Simon G. Potts; T'ai Roulston; Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter; Diego P. Vázquez; Rachael Winfree; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2007)
Many ecosystem services are delivered by organisms that depend on habitats that are segregated spatially or temporally from the location where services are provided. Management of mobile organisms contributing to ecosystem services requires consideration not only of the local scale where services are delivered, but also the distribution of resources at the landscape scale, and the foraging ranges and dispersal movements of the mobile agents. We develop a conceptual model for exploring how one such mobile‐agent‐based ecosystem service (MABES), pollination, is affected by land‐use change, and then generalize the model to other MABES. The model includes interactions and feedbacks among policies affecting land use, market forces and the biology of the organisms involved. Animal‐mediated pollination contributes to the production of goods of value to humans such as crops; it also bolsters reproduction of wild plants on which other services or service‐providing organisms depend. About one‐third of crop production depends on animal pollinators, while 60–90% of plant species require an animal pollinator. The sensitivity of mobile organisms to ecological factors that operate across spatial scales makes the services provided by a given community of mobile agents highly contextual. Services vary, depending on the spatial and temporal distribution of resources surrounding the site, and on biotic interactions occurring locally, such as competition among pollinators for resources, and among plants for pollinators. The value of the resulting goods or services may feed back via market‐based forces to influence land‐use policies, which in turn influence land management practices that alter local habitat conditions and landscape structure. Developing conceptual models for MABES aids in identifying knowledge gaps, determining research priorities, and targeting interventions that can be applied in an adaptive management context.

First-year growth response of cold-stored, nursery-grown aspen planting stock - Lee A. Martens; Simon M. Landhäusser; Victor J. Lieffers (New Forests, 2007)

Stage of primary infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus determines predisposition or resistance of mice to secondary bacterial infections - Marina Gumenscheimer; Sandra Balkow; Markus M. Simon; Emilio Jirillo; Chris Galanos; Marina A. Freudenberg (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2007)

Characterizing flow zones in a fractured and karstified limestone aquifer through integrated interpretation of geophysical and hydraulic data - Nathalie Van Meir; David Jaeggi; Martin Herfort; Simon Loew; Philippe A. Pezard; Gérard Lods (Hydrogeology Journal, 2007)

Production, formulation and antagonistic activity of the biocontrol like-yeast Aureobasidium pullulans against Penicillium expansum - R. Mounir; A. Durieux; E. Bodo; C. Allard; J.-P. Simon; E.-H. Achbani; S. El-Jaafari; A. Douira; M.-H. Jijakli (Biotechnology Letters, 2007)

Histological changes of the digestive epithelium in Calanus finmarchicus: an index for diapause? - D. Bonnet; R. P. Harris; S. Hay; A. Ingvarsdottir; O. Simon (Marine Biology, 2007)

Risk of breast cancer associated with short-term use of oral contraceptives - Suzanne G. Folger; Polly A. Marchbanks; Jill A. McDonald; Leslie Bernstein; Giske Ursin; Jesse A. Berlin; Janet R. Daling; Sandra A. Norman; Brian L. Strom; Linda K. Weiss; Michael S. Simon; Ronald T. Burkman; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

The Heilongjiang Group: A Jurassic accretionary complex in the Jiamusi Massif at the western Pacific margin of northeastern China - Fu‐Yuan Wu; Jin‐Hui Yang; Ching‐Hua Lo; Simon A. Wilde; De‐You Sun; Bor‐Ming Jahn (Island Arc, 2007)
The tectonic setting of the Eastern Asian continental margin in the Jurassic is highly controversial. In the current study, we have selected the Heilongjiang complex located at the western margin of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China for geochronological investigation to address this issue. Field and petrographic investigations indicate that the Heilongjiang complex is composed predominately of granitic gneiss, marble, mafic‐ultramafic rocks, blueschist, greenschist, quartzite, muscovite‐albite schist and two‐mica schist that were tectonically interleaved, indicating they represent a mélange. The marble, two‐mica schist and granitic gneiss were most probably derived from the Mashan complex, a high‐grade gneiss complex in the Jiamusi Massif with which the Heilongjiang Group is intimately associated. The ultramafic rocks, blueschist, greenschist and quartzite (chert) are similar to components in ophiolite. The sensitive high mass‐resolution ion microprobe U‐Pb zircon age of 265 ± 4 Ma for the granitic gneiss indicates that the protolith granite was emplaced coevally with Permian batholiths in the Jiamusi Massif. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of biotite and phengite from the granitic gneiss and mica schist yields a late Early Jurassic metamorphic age between 184 and 174 Ma. Early components of the Jiamusi Massif, including the Mashan complex, probably formed part of an exotic block from Gondwana, affected by late Pan‐African orogenesis, and collided with the Asian continental margin during the Early Jurassic. Subduction of oceanic crust between the Jiamusi block and the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt resulted in the formation of a huge volume of Jurassic granites in the Zhangguangcai Range. Consequently, the collision of the Jiamusi Massif with the Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the west can be considered as the result of circum‐Pacific accretion, unrelated to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The widespread development of Jurassic accretionary complexes along the Asian continental margin supports such an interpretation.

Carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (Daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genome mapping - B. J. Just; C. A. F. Santos; M. E. N. Fonseca; L. S. Boiteux; B. B. Oloizia; P. W. Simon (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2007)

Characterization of a cyanobacterial-like uptake [NiFe] hydrogenase: EPR and FTIR spectroscopic studies of the enzyme from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans - Olga Schröder; Boris Bleijlevens; Thyra E. de Jongh; Zhujun Chen; Tianshu Li; Jörg Fischer; Jochen Förster; Cornelius G. Friedrich; Kimberly A. Bagley; Simon P. J. Albracht; Wolfgang Lubitz (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2007)

Large‐scale spatial and temporal dynamics of the vulnerable and highly mobile superb parrot - Adrian D. Manning; David B. Lindenmayer; Simon C. Barry; Henry A. Nix (Journal of Biogeography, 2007)
Aim To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of the vulnerable and highly mobile superb parrot ( Polytelis swainsonii ) across its range in south‐eastern mainland Australia. Location South‐eastern Australia (27°–37° S latitude and 141°–151° E longitude). Methods We used generalized additive models (GAMs) to model time‐specific bird atlas occurrence data against time‐specific plant productivity data, plus a range of environmental predictor variables. We then examined the effects of environmental variables on the temporal and spatial patterns of predicted abundance and distribution of the superb parrot using a correlative mapping approach. Results Key findings from GAM analysis were: (1) there was a strong positive relationship between abundance and plant productivity in all regions, but (2) the response of abundance to other predictor variables often differed between regions. Correlative mapping predictions of the abundance and distribution of the superb parrot also indicated that: (1) predicted abundance varied through time and space, (2) predicted abundance sometimes decreased in all regions, but at other times some regions had high abundance when others had low, and (3) changes in plant productivity (and therefore climate) were associated with this variation. Main conclusion The superb parrot favours productive landscapes that are also favoured for agriculture. Movements appear to be associated with seasonal and year to year climate variability. Thus, variation in the recorded abundance of the superb parrot may mask population trends, suggesting that existing population estimates are unreliable. Also, high abundances in some areas, and at some times, may reflect deteriorating habitat conditions elsewhere rather than species recovery. Temporal variability in the distribution of the superb parrot makes it difficult to identify specific drought refugia. Consequently, through time, as key habitat continues to deteriorate, the species will become increasingly vulnerable and threatened. Whole‐landscape habitat conservation and restoration strategies are therefore needed to sustain superb parrot populations in the long‐term.

Temporal Trends of Trace Metals in Sediment and Invertebrates from Stormwater Management Ponds - Ryan E. Casey; Judith A. Simon; Stephanie Atueyi; Joel W. Snodgrass; Natalie Karouna-Renier; Donald W. Sparling (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2007)

Mitogenetic structure of brown bears ( Ursus arctos L.) in northeastern Europe and a new time frame for the formation of European brown bear lineages - URMAS SAARMA; SIMON Y. W. HO; OLIVER G. PYBUS; MARJU KALJUSTE; IGOR L. TUMANOV; ILPO. KOJOLA; ALEX A. VOROBIEV; NIKOLAI I. MARKOV; ALEXANDER P. SAVELJEV; HARRI VALDMANN; ELENA A. LYAPUNOVA; ALEXEI V. ABRAMOV; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of brown bear maternal haplotypes from countries of northeastern Europe (Estonia, Finland and European Russia), using sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 231 bears. Twenty‐five mtDNA haplotypes were identified. The brown bear population in northeastern Europe can be divided into three haplogroups: one with bears from all three countries, one with bears from Finland and Russia, and the third composed almost exclusively of bears from European Russia. Four haplotypes from Finland and European Russia matched exactly with haplotypes from Slovakia, suggesting the significance of the current territory of Slovakia in ancient demographic processes of brown bears. Based on the results of this study and those from the recent literature, we hypothesize that the West Carpathian Mountains have served either as one of the northernmost refuge areas or as an important movement corridor for brown bears of the Eastern lineage towards northern Europe during or after the last ice age. Bayesian analyses were performed to investigate the temporal framework of brown bear lineages in Europe. The molecular clock was calibrated using Beringian brown bear sequences derived from radiocarbon‐dated ancient samples, and the estimated mutation rate was 29.8% (13.3%−47.6%) per million years. The whole European population and Western and Eastern lineages formed about 175 000, 70 000 and 25 000 years before present, respectively. Our approach to estimating the time frame of brown bear evolution demonstrates the importance of using an appropriate mutation rate, and this has implications for other studies of Pleistocene populations.

Tracing magma mixing in granite genesis: in situ U–Pb dating and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons - Jin-Hui Yang; Fu-Yuan Wu; Simon A. Wilde; Lie-Wen Xie; Yue-Heng Yang; Xiao-Ming Liu (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006)

Differential contributions of dopaminergic D1- and D2-like receptors to cognitive function in rhesus monkeys - Stefani N. Von Huben; Sophia A. Davis; Christopher C. Lay; Simon N. Katner; Rebecca D. Crean; Michael A. Taffe (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Survey of Hylobates agilis albibarbis in a logged peat-swamp forest: Sabangau catchment, Central Kalimantan - Cara Buckley; K. A. I. Nekaris; Simon John Husson (Primates, 2006)

Performance of recalibration systems for GCM forecasts for southern Africa - Mxolisi E. Shongwe; Willem A. Landman; Simon J. Mason (International Journal of Climatology, 2006)
Two regression‐based methods that recalibrate the ECHAM4.5 general circulation model (GCM) output during austral summer have been developed for southern Africa, and their performance assessed over a 12‐year retroactive period 1989/90–2000/01. A linear statistical model linking near‐global sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) to regional rainfall has also been developed. The recalibration technique is model output statistics (MOS) using principal components regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to statistically link archived records of the GCM to regional rainfall over much of Africa, south of the equator. The predictability of anomalously dry and wet conditions over each rainfall region during December–February (DJF) using the linear statistical model and MOS models has been quantitatively evaluated. The MOS technique outperforms the raw‐GCM ensembles and the linear statistical model. Neither the PCR‐MOS nor the CCA‐MOS models show clear superiority over the other, probably because the two methods are closely related. The need to recalibrate GCM predictions at regional scales to improve their skill at smaller spatial scales is further demonstrated in this paper. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.

Patterns of Species Richness at Varying Scales in Western Kenya: Planning for Agroecosystem Diversification - R. Kindt; P. Van Damme; A. J. Simons (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2006)

Molecular Cloning of Echis ocellatus Disintegrins Reveals Non-Venom-Secreted Proteins and a Pathway for the Evolution of Ocellatusin - Paula Juárez; Simon C. Wagstaff; Libia Sanz; Robert A. Harrison; Juan J. Calvete (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2006)

The meta-hydroxylation step in the phenylpropanoid pathway: a new level of complexity in the pathway and its regulation - Guillaume A. Schoch; Marc Morant; Nawroz Abdulrazzak; Carole Asnaghi; Simon Goepfert; Maike Petersen; Pascaline Ullmann; Danièle Werck-Reichhart (Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2006)

Predicting Pathogen Introduction: West Nile Virus Spread to Galápagos - A. MARM KILPATRICK; PETER DASZAK; SIMON J. GOODMAN; HELMUTH ROGG; LAURA D. KRAMER; VIRNA CEDEÑO; ANDREW A. CUNNINGHAM (Conservation Biology, 2006)
Emerging infectious diseases are a key threat to conservation and public health, yet predicting and preventing their emergence is notoriously difficult. We devised a predictive model for the introduction of a zoonotic vector‐borne pathogen by considering each of the pathways by which it may be introduced to a new area and comparing the relative risk of each pathway. This framework is an adaptation of pest introduction models and estimates the number of infectious individuals arriving in a location and the duration of their infectivity. We used it to determine the most likely route for the introduction of West Nile virus to Galápagos and measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of introduction. The introduction of this highly pathogenic virus to this unique World Heritage Site could have devastating consequences, similar to those seen following introductions of pathogens into other endemic island faunas. Our model identified the transport of mosquitoes on airplanes as the highest risk for West Nile virus introduction. Pathogen dissemination through avian migration and the transportation of day‐old chickens appeared to be less important pathways. Infected humans and mosquitoes transported in sea containers, in tires, or by wind all represented much lower risk. Our risk‐assessment framework has broad applicability to other pathogens and other regions and depends only on the availability of data on the transport of goods and animals and the epidemiology of the pathogen.

The first gene-based map of Lupinus angustifolius L.-location of domestication genes and conserved synteny with Medicago truncatula - Matthew N. Nelson; Huyen T. T. Phan; Simon R. Ellwood; Paula M. Moolhuijzen; James Hane; Angela Williams; Clare E. O‘Lone; John Fosu-Nyarko; Marie Scobie; Mehmet Cakir; Michael G. K. Jones; Matthew Bellgard; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2006)

Molecular Cloning of Disintegrin-like Transcript BA-5A from a Bitis arietans Venom Gland cDNA Library: A Putative Intermediate in the Evolution of the Long-Chain Disintegrin Bitistatin - Paula Juárez; Simon C. Wagstaff; Jenny Oliver; Libia Sanz; Robert A. Harrison; Juan J. Calvete (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2006)

Suggested Guidelines for Use of Avian Species as Biomonitors - Simon Hollamby; Josephine Afema-Azikuru; Samuel Waigo; Kenneth Cameron; A. Rae Gandolf; Amanda Norris; James G. Sikarskie (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006)

Recovery of Nuclease Produced by Lactococcus Lactis Using Expanded Bed Ion Exchange Chromatography - E. Bodo; A. Durieux; C. Saint-Hubert; R. Lavallée; J-M Boufflette; J. -P. Simon (Biotechnology Letters, 2006)

Fluid-Wall Modelling of Mass Transfer in an Axisymmetric Stenosis: Effects of Shear-Dependent Transport Properties - Nanfeng Sun; Nigel B. Wood; Alun D. Hughes; Simon A. M. Thom; X. Yun Xu (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2006)

Planning tree species diversification in Kenya based on differences in tree species composition between farms. II. Analysis of tree niches. - R. Kindt; P. Van Damme; A. J. Simons; H. Beeckman (Agroforestry Systems, 2006)

Planning tree species diversification in Kenya based on differences in tree species composition between farms. I. Analysis of tree uses - R. Kindt; P. Van Damme; A. J. Simons; H. Beeckman (Agroforestry Systems, 2006)

The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in old‐growth Amazonian forests - YADVINDER MALHI; DANIEL WOOD; TIMOTHY R. BAKER; JAMES WRIGHT; OLIVER L. PHILLIPS; THOMAS COCHRANE; PATRICK MEIR; JEROME CHAVE; SAMUEL ALMEIDA; LUZMILLA ARROYO; NIRO HIGUCHI; TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2006)
The biomass of tropical forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, both as a dynamic reservoir of carbon, and as a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in areas undergoing deforestation. However, the absolute magnitude and environmental determinants of tropical forest biomass are still poorly understood. Here, we present a new synthesis and interpolation of the basal area and aboveground live biomass of old‐growth lowland tropical forests across South America, based on data from 227 forest plots, many previously unpublished. Forest biomass was analyzed in terms of two uncorrelated factors: basal area and mean wood density. Basal area is strongly affected by local landscape factors, but is relatively invariant at regional scale in moist tropical forests, and declines significantly at the dry periphery of the forest zone. Mean wood density is inversely correlated with forest dynamics, being lower in the dynamic forests of western Amazonia and high in the slow‐growing forests of eastern Amazonia. The combination of these two factors results in biomass being highest in the moderately seasonal, slow growing forests of central Amazonia and the Guyanas (up to 350 Mg dry weight ha −1 ) and declining to 200–250 Mg dry weight ha −1 at the western, southern and eastern margins. Overall, we estimate the total aboveground live biomass of intact Amazonian rainforests (area 5.76 × 10 6 km 2 in 2000) to be 93±23 Pg C, taking into account lianas and small trees. Including dead biomass and belowground biomass would increase this value by approximately 10% and 21%, respectively, but the spatial variation of these additional terms still needs to be quantified.

High resolution mapping of chromosomal regions controlling resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections in an advanced intercross line of mice - Jerzy M. Behnke; Fuad A. Iraqi; John M. Mugambi; Simon Clifford; Sonal Nagda; Derek Wakelin; Stephen J. Kemp; R. Leyden Baker; John P. Gibson (Mammalian Genome, 2006)

Solubility and partitioning of water in synthetic forsterite and enstatite in the system MgO–SiO2–H2O±Al2O3 - Kevin J. Grant; Simon C. Kohn; Richard A. Brooker (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006)

Fluid Dynamic Assessment of Three Polymeric Heart Valves Using Particle Image Velocimetry - Hwa Liang Leo; Lakshmi Prasad Dasi; Josie Carberry; Hélène A. Simon; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2006)

Size and scaling of predator–prey dynamics - Joshua S. Weitz; Simon A. Levin (Ecology Letters, 2006)
We propose a scaled version of the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model using both Type I and Type II functional responses that incorporates the size dependence of interaction rates. Our aim is to link the energetic needs of organisms with the dynamics of interacting populations, for which survival is a result of a game‐theoretic struggle for existence. We solve the scaled model of predator–prey dynamics and predict population level characteristics such as the scaling of coexistence size ranges and the optimal predator–prey size ratio. For a broad class of such models, the optimal predator–prey size ratio given available prey of a fixed size is constant. We also demonstrate how scaling predictions of prey density differ under resource limitation vs. predator drawdown. Finally, we show how evolution of predator size can destabilize population dynamics, compare scaling of predator–prey cycles to previous work, as well as discuss possible extensions of the model to multispecies communities.