Age exacerbates HIV-associated white matter abnormalities - Talia R. Seider; Assawin Gongvatana; Adam J. Woods; Huaihou Chen; Eric C. Porges; Tiffany Cummings; Stephen Correia; Karen Tashima; Ronald A. Cohen (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Skeletal anomaly assessment in diploid and triploid juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) and the effect of temperature in freshwater - G Amoroso; M B Adams; T Ventura; C G Carter; J M Cobcroft (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2016)
Triploid Atlantic salmon tend to develop a higher prevalence of skeletal anomalies. This tendency may be exacerbated by an inadequate rearing temperature. Early juvenile all‐female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon were screened for skeletal anomalies in consecutive experiments to include two size ranges: the first tested the effect of ploidy (0.2–8 g) and the second the effect of ploidy, temperature (14 °C and 18 °C) and their interaction (8–60 g). The first experiment showed that ploidy had no effect on skeletal anomaly prevalence. A high prevalence of opercular shortening was observed (average prevalence in both ploidies 85.8%) and short lower jaws were common (highest prevalence observed 11.3%). In the second experiment, ploidy, but not temperature, affected the prevalence of short lower jaw (diploids > triploids) and lower jaw deformity (triploids > diploids, highest prevalence observed 11.1% triploids and 2.7% diploids) with a trend indicating a possible developmental link between the two jaw anomalies in triploids. A radiological assessment ( n = 240 individuals) showed that at both temperatures triploids had a significantly ( P

Lake bathymetry and species occurrence predict the distribution of a lacustrine apex predator - M. R. Hughes; J. A. Dodd; P. S. Maitland; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
This study examined the abiotic and biotic characteristics of ecosystems that allow expression of a life history called ferox trout, the colloquial name given to brown trout Salmo trutta adopting a piscivorous life history strategy, an apex predator in post‐glacial lakes in northern Europe. One hundred and ninety‐two lakes in Scotland show evidence of currently, or historically, supporting ferox S. trutta ; their presence was predicted in logistic models by larger and deeper lakes with a large catchment that also support populations of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus .

Adaptive governance to promote ecosystem services in urban green spaces - Olivia Odom Green; Ahjond S. Garmestani; Sandra Albro; Natalie C. Ban; Adam Berland; Caitlin E. Burkman; Mary M. Gardiner; Lance Gunderson; Matthew E. Hopton; Michael L. Schoon; William D. Shuster (Urban Ecosystems, 2016)

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Second FDA/PQRI Conference - Lawrence X. Yu; Ilgaz Akseli; Barbara Allen; Gregory Amidon; Tara Gooen Bizjak; Ashley Boam; Margaret Caulk; David Doleski; Joseph Famulare; Adam C. Fisher; Scott Furness; Brian Hasselbalch; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Effects of the potential lithium-mimetic, ebselen, on brain neurochemistry: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 tesla - Charles Masaki; Ann L. Sharpley; Beata R. Godlewska; Adam Berrington; Tasuku Hashimoto; Nisha Singh; Sridhar R. Vasudevan; Uzay E. Emir; Grant C. Churchill; Philip J. Cowen (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Mangrove Range Expansion Rapidly Increases Coastal Wetland Carbon Storage - Cheryl L. Doughty; J. Adam Langley; Wayne S. Walker; Ilka C. Feller; Ronald Schaub; Samantha K. Chapman (Estuaries and Coasts, 2016)

Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae - Jens H. Kuhn; Michael Lauck; Adam L. Bailey; Alexey M. Shchetinin; Tatyana V. Vishnevskaya; Yīmíng Bào; Terry Fei Fan Ng; Matthew LeBreton; Bradley S. Schneider; Amethyst Gillis; Ubald Tamoufe; Joseph Le Doux Diffo; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Population demographics of American eels Anguilla rostrata in two Arkansas, U.S.A., catchments that drain into the Gulf of Mexico - C. A. Cox; J. W. Quinn; L. C. Lewis; S. R. Adams; G. L. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
The goal of this study was to compare American eel Anguilla rostrata life history in two inland river systems in Arkansas, U.S.A., that ultimately discharge into the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River and the Red‐Atchafalaya catchments. From 21 June 2011 to 24 April 2014, 238 yellow‐phase A. rostrata were captured in the middle Ouachita River and tributaries using boat electrofishing and 39 in the lower White River using multiple sampling gears. Most of them were caught downstream of dams in both basins (61%). Medium‐sized A. rostrata ranging from 225 to 350 mm total length ( L T ) were the most abundant size group in the Ouachita River basin, but they were absent from the White River. Mean L T at age 4 years ( i.e. youngest shared age) was 150 mm greater for the White River than the Ouachita River basin. Anguilla rostrata appeared to have a greater initial L T ( i.e. minimum size upon arrival) in the White River that allowed them to reach a gonado‐somatic index ( I G ) of 1·5 up to 4 years earlier, and downstream migration appeared to occur 5 years earlier at 100 mm greater L T ; these differences may be related to increased river fragmentation by dams in the Ouachita River basin. Growth and maturation of A. rostrata in this study were more similar to southern populations along the Atlantic coast than other inland populations. Adult swimbladder nematodes Anguillicoloides crassus were not present in any of the 214 swimbladders inspected. Gulf of Mexico catchments may be valuable production areas for A. rostrata and data from these systems should be considered as range‐wide protection and management plans are being developed.

Shifts in functional traits elevate risk of fire‐driven tree dieback in tropical savanna and forest biomes - Adam F. A. Pellegrini; Augusto C. Franco; William A. Hoffmann (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Numerous predictions indicate rising CO 2 will accelerate the expansion of forests into savannas. Although encroaching forests can sequester carbon over the short term, increased fires and drought‐fire interactions could offset carbon gains, which may be amplified by the shift toward forest plant communities more susceptible to fire‐driven dieback. We quantify how bark thickness determines the ability of individual tree species to tolerate fire and subsequently determine the fire sensitivity of ecosystem carbon across 180 plots in savannas and forests throughout the 2.2‐million km 2 Cerrado region in Brazil. We find that not accounting for variation in bark thickness across tree species underestimated carbon losses in forests by ~50%, totaling 0.22 PgC across the Cerrado region. The lower bark thicknesses of plant species in forests decreased fire tolerance to such an extent that a third of carbon gains during forest encroachment may be at risk of dieback if burned. These results illustrate that consideration of trait‐based differences in fire tolerance is critical for determining the climate‐carbon‐fire feedback in tropical savanna and forest biomes.

Interactions between allelochemicals and the microbial community affect weed suppression following cover crop residue incorporation into soil - Yi Lou; Adam S. Davis; Anthony C. Yannarell (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Foraging specialisms influence space use and movement patterns of the European eel Anguilla anguilla - J. Barry; M. Newton; J. A. Dodd; O. E. Hooker; P. Boylan; M. C. Lucas; C. E. Adams (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

APOH interacts with FTO to predispose to healthy thinness - Sandra J. Hasstedt; Hilary Coon; Yuanpei Xin; Ted D. Adams; Steven C. Hunt (Human Genetics, 2016)

Adoption of a national antimicrobial guide (SWAB-ID) in the Netherlands - Emelie C. Schuts; Caroline M. van den Bosch; Inge C. Gyssens; Bart-Jan Kullberg; Maurine A. Leverstein-van Hall; Stephanie Natsch; Fre Sebens; Martha B. Adams; Richard Drew; Jan M. Prins (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016)

Inter and intra‐population phenotypic and genotypic structuring in the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus , a rare freshwater fish in Scotland - C. E. Adams; C. W. Bean; J. A. Dodd; A. Down; E. C. Etheridge; A. R. D. Gowans; O. Hooker; R. Knudsen; A. A. Lyle; I. J. Winfield; K. Præbel (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
This study revealed between‐lake genetic structuring between Coregonus lavaretus collected from the only two native populations of this species in Scotland, U.K. (Lochs Eck and Lomond) evidenced by the existence of private alleles (12 in Lomond and four in Eck) and significant genetic differentiation ( F ST = 0·056) across 10 microsatellite markers. Juvenile C. lavaretus originating from eggs collected from the two lakes and reared in a common‐garden experiment showed clear phenotypic differences in trophic morphology ( i.e . head and body shape) between these populations indicating that these characteristics were, at least partly, inherited. Microsatellite analysis of adults collected from different geographic regions within Loch Lomond revealed detectable and statistically significant but relatively weak genetic structuring ( F ST = 0·001–0·024) and evidence of private alleles related to the basin structure of the lake. Within‐lake genetic divergence patterns suggest three possibilities for this observed pattern: (1) differential selection pressures causing divergence into separate gene pools, (2) a collapse of two formerly divergent gene pools and (3) a stable state maintained by balancing selection forces resulting from spatial variation in selection and lake heterogeneity. Small estimates of effective population sizes for the populations in both lakes suggest that the capacity of both populations to adapt to future environmental change may be limited.

Freshwater and coastal migration patterns in the silver‐stage eel Anguilla anguilla - J. Barry; M. Newton; J. A. Dodd; M. C. Lucas; P. Boylan; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
The unimpeded downstream movement patterns and migration success of small female and male Anguilla anguilla through a catchment in north‐west Europe were studied using an acoustic hydrophone array along the River Finn and into the Foyle Estuary in Ireland. Twenty silver‐stage A. anguilla (total length, L T , range: 332–520 mm) were trapped 152 km upstream from a coastal marine sea‐lough outlet and internally tagged with acoustic transmitters of which 19 initiated downstream migration. Migration speed was highly influenced by river flow within the freshwater ( FW ) compartment. Anguilla anguilla activity patterns were correlated with environmental influences; light, tidal direction and lunar phase all influenced the initiation of migration of tagged individuals. Migration speed varied significantly between upstream and lower river compartments. Individuals migrated at a slower speed in transitional water and sea‐lough compartments compared with the FW compartment. While 88·5% survival was recorded during migration through the upper 121 km of the river and estuary, only 26% of A. anguilla which initiated downstream migration were detected at the outermost end of the acoustic array. Telemetry equipment functioned efficiently, including in the sea‐lough, so this suggests high levels of mortality during sea‐lough migration, or less likely, long‐term sea‐lough residence by silver A. anguilla emigrants. This has important implications for eel management plans.

Effect of crude petroleum on water repellency in a clayey alluvial soil - D. C. Marín-García; R. H. Adams; R. Hernández-Barajas (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2016)

Seasonal cues of Arctic grayling movement in a small Arctic stream: the importance of surface water connectivity - Kurt C. Heim; Mark S. Wipfli; Matthew S. Whitman; Christopher D. Arp; Jeff Adams; Jeffrey A. Falke (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2016)

Climatic niche attributes and diversification in Anolis lizards - Julián A. Velasco; Enrique Martínez‐Meyer; Oscar Flores‐Villela; Andrés García; Adam C. Algar; Gunther Köhler; Juan M. Daza (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim The aim of this study was to test the link between climatic niche dynamics and species diversification in Anolis on islands and on the mainland. We tested the hypotheses that lineages in warmer climates and with narrow climate niches diversified more than lineages in cold climates and with broad climate niches. We also tested the hypothesis that species‐rich clades exhibit greater niche diversity than species‐poor clades. Location Neotropics. Methods We collated occurrence records for 328 Anolis species to estimate niche breadth, niche position and occupied niche space (as a proxy for niche diversity). We compared niche breadth between insular and mainland Anolis species and among Anolis clades, controlling for the potential confounding effect of range size. Using two approaches (clade‐based and Qua SSE ) we explored the association between niche metrics and diversification rates in Anolis lizards. Results We found that Caribbean Anolis had a narrower niche breadth and niche space occupation compared to mainland anoles after controlling for range size differences. There was a significant association between niche traits (mean niche position and niche breadth) and diversification in anoles. Anole lineages with narrow niche breadths and that occupy warmer areas exhibited higher speciation rates than those with broader niche breadths and that occupy cold areas. Similarly, clades with higher total diversification exhibit more niche diversity than clades with lower total diversification. Main conclusions Climatic niche attributes play a role in anole diversification with some differences between mainland and insular anole lineages. Climatic niche differences between regions and clades likely are related to differences in niche evolutionary rates. This also suggests that climate plays a strong role in shaping species richness between and within mainland and islands.

Alteration of forest succession and carbon cycling under elevated CO 2 - Adam D. Miller; Michael C. Dietze; Evan H. DeLucia; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Regenerating forests influence the global carbon (C) cycle, and understanding how climate change will affect patterns of regeneration and C storage is necessary to predict the rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) increase in future decades. While experimental elevation of CO 2 has revealed that young forests respond with increased productivity, there remains considerable uncertainty as to how the long‐term dynamics of forest regrowth are shaped by elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ). Here, we use the mechanistic size‐ and age‐ structured Ecosystem Demography model to investigate the effects of CO 2 enrichment on forest regeneration, using data from the Duke Forest Free‐Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment, a forest chronosequence, and an eddy‐covariance tower for model parameterization and evaluation. We find that the dynamics of forest regeneration are accelerated, and stands consistently hit a variety of developmental benchmarks earlier under eCO 2 . Because responses to eCO 2 varied by plant functional type, successional pathways, and mature forest composition differed under eCO 2 , with mid‐ and late‐successional hardwood functional types experiencing greater increases in biomass compared to early‐successional functional types and the pine canopy. Over the simulation period, eCO 2 led to an increase in total ecosystem C storage of 9.7 Mg C ha ‐1 . Model predictions of mature forest biomass and ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CO 2 and H 2 O were sensitive to assumptions about nitrogen limitation; both the magnitude and persistence of the ecosystem response to eCO 2 were reduced under N limitation. In summary, our simulations demonstrate that eCO 2 can result in a general acceleration of forest regeneration while altering the course of successional change and having a lasting impact on forest ecosystems.

The OPAL bugs count survey: exploring the effects of urbanisation and habitat characteristics using citizen science - Adam J. Bates; Poppy Lakeman Fraser; Lucy Robinson; John C. Tweddle; Jon P. Sadler; Sarah E. West; Simon Norman; Martin Batson; Linda Davies (Urban Ecosystems, 2015)

Resource partitioning along multiple niche axes drives functional diversity in parrotfishes on Caribbean coral reefs - Thomas C. Adam; Megan Kelley; Benjamin I. Ruttenberg; Deron E. Burkepile (Oecologia, 2015)

Relating belowground microbial composition to the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional trait distributions of trees in a tropical forest - Albert Barberán; Krista L. McGuire; Jeffrey A. Wolf; F. Andrew Jones; Stuart Joseph Wright; Benjamin L. Turner; Adam Essene; Stephen P. Hubbell; Brant C. Faircloth; Noah Fierer (Ecology Letters, 2015)
The complexities of the relationships between plant and soil microbial communities remain unresolved. We determined the associations between plant aboveground and belowground (root) distributions and the communities of soil fungi and bacteria found across a diverse tropical forest plot. Soil microbial community composition was correlated with the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the aboveground plant assemblages even after controlling for differences in soil characteristics, but these relationships were stronger for fungi than for bacteria. In contrast to expectations, the species composition of roots in our soil core samples was a poor predictor of microbial community composition perhaps due to the patchy, ephemeral, and highly overlapping nature of fine root distributions. Our ability to predict soil microbial composition was not improved by incorporating information on plant functional traits suggesting that the most commonly measured plant traits are not particularly useful for predicting the plot‐level variability in belowground microbial communities.

The continuous performance test (rCPT) for mice: a novel operant touchscreen test of attentional function - Chi Hun Kim; Martha Hvoslef-Eide; Simon R. O. Nilsson; Mark R. Johnson; Bronwen R. Herbert; Trevor W. Robbins; Lisa M. Saksida; Timothy J. Bussey; Adam C. Mar (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Trial-unique, delayed nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) touchscreen testing for mice: sensitivity to dorsal hippocampal dysfunction - Chi Hun Kim; Carola Romberg; Martha Hvoslef-Eide; Charlotte A. Oomen; Adam C. Mar; Christopher J. Heath; Andrée-Anne Berthiaume; Timothy J. Bussey; Lisa M. Saksida (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848 cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium - Neil M. Davies; Tom R. Gaunt; Sarah J. Lewis; Jeff Holly; Jenny L. Donovan; Freddie C. Hamdy; John P. Kemp; Rosalind Eeles; Doug Easton; Zsofia Kote-Jarai; Ali Amin Al Olama; Sara Benlloch; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Effects of droplet size on intrusion of sub-surface oil spills - Godine Kok Yan Chan; Aaron C. Chow; E. Eric Adams (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2015)

Disentangling the effects of wetland cover and urban development on quality of remaining wetlands - Theresa Patenaude; Adam C. Smith; Lenore Fahrig (Urban Ecosystems, 2015)

Resource allocation by the marine cyanobacterium S ynechococcus WH 8102 in response to different nutrient supply ratios - Céline Mouginot; Amy E. Zimmerman; Juan A. Bonachela; Helen Fredricks; Steven D. Allison; Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy; Adam C. Martiny (Limnology and Oceanography, 2015)
Differences in relative availability of nitrate vs. phosphate may contribute to regional variations in plankton elemental stoichiometry. As a representative of the globally abundant marine Synechococcus , strain WH8102 was grown in 16 chemostats up to 52 d at a fixed growth rate with nitrogen–phosphorus ratios (N : P supply ) of 1–50. Initially, the phosphate and nitrate concentrations in the vessel decreased when the respective nutrient was limiting. Cell growth generally stabilized, although several chemostats had apparent oscillations in biomass. We observed extensive plasticity in the elemental content and ratios. N : P cell matched the supply values between N : P supply 5 and 20. The C : P cell followed a similar trend. In contrast, the mean C : N cell was 6.8 and did not vary as a function of supply ratios. We also observed that induction of alkaline phosphatase, the fraction of P allocated to nucleic acids, and the lipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol : phosphatidyglycerol ratio inversely correlated with P availability. Our results suggest that this extensive plasticity in the elemental content and ratios depends both on the external nutrient availability as well as past growth history. Thus, our study provides a quantitative understanding of the regulation of the elemental stoichiometry of an abundant ocean phytoplankton lineage.

Categorizing wildlife responses to urbanization and conservation implications of terminology - Jason D. Fischer; Sarah C. Schneider; Adam A. Ahlers; James R. Miller (Conservation Biology, 2015)

Multi-location wheat stripe rust QTL analysis: genetic background and epistatic interactions - M. Dolores Vazquez; Robert Zemetra; C. James Peterson; Xianming M. Chen; Adam Heesacker; Christopher C. Mundt (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)

Model toxin level does not directly influence the evolution of mimicry in the salamander Plethodon cinereus - Andrew C. Kraemer; Jeanne M. Serb; Dean C. Adams (Evolutionary Ecology, 2015)

A framework for modeling uncertainty in regional climate change - Erwan Monier; Xiang Gao; Jeffery R. Scott; Andrei P. Sokolov; C. Adam Schlosser (Climatic Change, 2015)

Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting - Shuji Ogino; Peter T. Campbell; Reiko Nishihara; Amanda I. Phipps; Andrew H. Beck; Mark E. Sherman; Andrew T. Chan; Melissa A. Troester; Adam J. Bass; Kathryn C. Fitzgerald; Rafael A. Irizarry; Karl T. Kelsey; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Present state of mangrove forests along the Eastern Cape coast, South Africa - Sabine C. L. Hoppe-Speer; Janine B. Adams; Dylan Bailey (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2015)

Environmental manipulation of growth and energy carrier release from freshwater and marine Chlamydomonas species - Tyson A. Burch; William W. Adams; Benoît L. S. Degrenne; Calvin H. Englert; Brita R. Mines; Parker C. Nash; Emma C. Boone; Barbara Demmig-Adams (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015)

Endocrine response to acute resistance exercise in obese versus lean physically active men - Daniela A. Rubin; Hoang N. Pham; Eric S. Adams; Andrew R. Tutor; Anthony C. Hackney; Jared W. Coburn; Daniel A. Judelson (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Individual vs. social learning of predator information in fish: does group size affect learning efficacy? - Anthony G. E. Mathiron; Adam L. Crane; Maud C. O. Ferrari (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)

Nutrient uptake and primary productivity in an urban estuary: using rate measurements to evaluate phytoplankton response to different hydrological and nutrient conditions - Frances P. Wilkerson; Richard C. Dugdale; Alexander E. Parker; Sarah B. Blaser; Adam Pimenta (Aquatic Ecology, 2015)

Local scale, coastal currents influence recruitment to freshwater populations in the European eel Anguilla anguilla : a case study from the Isle of Man - J. Barry; K. Mcharg; J. A. Dodd; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2015)
This study examines juvenile Anguilla anguilla ( P

Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large “generalist” apex predator - Adam E. Rosenblatt; James C. Nifong; Michael R. Heithaus; Frank J. Mazzotti; Michael S. Cherkiss; Brian M. Jeffery; Ruth M. Elsey; Rachel A. Decker; Brian R. Silliman; Louis J. Guillette; Russell H. Lowers; Justin C. Larson (Oecologia, 2015)

Feeding ecomorphology of seven demersal marine fish species in the Mexican Pacific Ocean - Jimena Bohórquez-Herrera; Víctor H. Cruz-Escalona; Dean C. Adams; Mark S. Peterson (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2015)

Regional climate change of the greater Zambezi River Basin: a hybrid assessment - C. Adam Schlosser; Kenneth Strzepek (Climatic Change, 2015)

Tracking the changes in virus taxonomy - M. J. Adams; R. C. Hendrickson; D. M. Dempsey; E. J. Lefkowitz (Archives of Virology, 2015)

BioEarth: Envisioning and developing a new regional earth system model to inform natural and agricultural resource management - Jennifer C. Adam; Jennie C. Stephens; Serena H. Chung; Michael P. Brady; R. David Evans; Chad E. Kruger; Brian K. Lamb; Mingliang Liu; Claudio O. Stöckle; Joseph K. Vaughan; Kirti Rajagopalan; John A. Harrison; et al. (Climatic Change, 2015)

Overuse Activity in the Presence of Scapular Dyskinesis Leads to Shoulder Tendon Damage in a Rat Model - Katherine E. Reuther; Stephen J. Thomas; Jennica J. Tucker; Rameen P. Vafa; Joshua A. Gordon; Stephen S. Liu; Adam C. Caro; Sarah M. Yannascoli; Andrew F. Kuntz; Louis J. Soslowsky (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015)

Massive Atenolol, Lisinopril, and Chlorthalidone Overdose Treated with Endoscopic Decontamination, Hemodialysis, Impella Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device, and ECMO - C. William Heise; David Beutler; Adam Bosak; Geoffrey Orme; Akil Loli; Kimberlie Graeme (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015)

Facilitators and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Enrollment in Medicaid: Experiences of Georgia’s Women’s Health Medicaid Program Enrollees - Sarah C. Blake; Karen Andes; Laura Hilb; Karie Gaska; Linien Chien; Lisa Flowers; E. Kathleen Adams (Journal of Cancer Education, 2015)

Songbirds as sentinels of mercury in terrestrial habitats of eastern North America - Allyson K. Jackson; David C. Evers; Evan M. Adams; Daniel A. Cristol; Collin Eagles-Smith; Samuel T. Edmonds; Carrie E. Gray; Bart Hoskins; Oksana P. Lane; Amy Sauer; Timothy Tear (Ecotoxicology, 2015)

Closely Related Tree Species Differentially Influence the Transfer of Carbon and Nitrogen from Leaf Litter Up the Aquatic Food Web - Zacchaeus G. Compson; Bruce A. Hungate; George W. Koch; Steve C. Hart; Jesse M. Maestas; Kenneth J. Adams; Thomas G. Whitham; Jane C. Marks (Ecosystems, 2015)

Uncertainties in predicting rice yield by current crop models under a wide range of climatic conditions - Tao Li; Toshihiro Hasegawa; Xinyou Yin; Yan Zhu; Kenneth Boote; Myriam Adam; Simone Bregaglio; Samuel Buis; Roberto Confalonieri; Tamon Fumoto; Donald Gaydon; Manuel Marcaida; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Predicting rice ( Oryza sativa ) productivity under future climates is important for global food security. Ecophysiological crop models in combination with climate model outputs are commonly used in yield prediction, but uncertainties associated with crop models remain largely unquantified. We evaluated 13 rice models against multi‐year experimental yield data at four sites with diverse climatic conditions in Asia and examined whether different modeling approaches on major physiological processes attribute to the uncertainties of prediction to field measured yields and to the uncertainties of sensitivity to changes in temperature and CO 2 concentration [ CO 2 ]. We also examined whether a use of an ensemble of crop models can reduce the uncertainties. Individual models did not consistently reproduce both experimental and regional yields well, and uncertainty was larger at the warmest and coolest sites. The variation in yield projections was larger among crop models than variation resulting from 16 global climate model‐based scenarios. However, the mean of predictions of all crop models reproduced experimental data, with an uncertainty of less than 10% of measured yields. Using an ensemble of eight models calibrated only for phenology or five models calibrated in detail resulted in the uncertainty equivalent to that of the measured yield in well‐controlled agronomic field experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates the necessity to improve the accuracy in predicting both biomass and harvest index in response to increasing [ CO 2 ] and temperature.

Sex pheromones as a tool to overcome the Wallacean shortfall in conservation biology: a case of Elater ferrugineus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) - Marcin Kadej; Krzysztof Zając; Rafał Ruta; Jerzy M. Gutowski; Dariusz Tarnawski; Adrian Smolis; Tomasz Olbrycht; Adam Malkiewicz; Ewelina Myśków; Mattias C. Larsson; Fredrik Andersson; Erik Hedenström (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2015)

A numerical and analytical study of the effect of aspect ratio on the behavior of a round thermal - Adrian C. H. Lai; Bing Zhao; Adrian Wing-Keung Law; E. Eric Adams (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2015)

Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California - Jonathan Q. Richmond; David K. Jacobs; Adam R. Backlin; Camm C. Swift; Chris Dellith; Robert N. Fisher (Conservation Genetics, 2015)

Effects of obesity on body temperature in otherwise-healthy females when controlling hydration and heat production during exercise in the heat - J. D. Adams; Matthew S. Ganio; Jenna M. Burchfield; Andy C. Matthews; Rachel N. Werner; Amanda J. Chokbengboun; Erin K. Dougherty; Alex A. LaChance (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Influence of Item Distribution Pattern and Abundance on Efficiency of Benthic Core Sampling - Adam C. Behney; Ryan O’Shaughnessy; Michael W. Eichholz; Joshua D. Stafford (Wetlands, 2014)

Tsunami mapping in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, due to local seismicity - M. Ioualalen; T. Monfret; N. Béthoux; M. Chlieh; G. Ponce Adams; J.-Y. Collot; C. Martillo Bustamante; K. Chunga; E. Navarrete; G. Montenegro; G. Solis Gordillo (Marine Geophysical Research, 2014)

Moving Beyond Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory in Modelling Wind-Speed Profiles in the Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer under Stable Stratification - Michael Optis; Adam Monahan; Fred C. Bosveld (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2014)

Characterizing Spatial Uncertainty when Integrating Social Data in Conservation Planning - A. M. Lechner; C. M. Raymond; V. M. Adams; M. Polyakov; A. Gordon; J. R. Rhodes; M. Mills; A. Stein; C. D. Ives; E. C. Lefroy (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Recent conservation planning studies have presented approaches for integrating spatially referenced social (SRS) data with a view to improving the feasibility of conservation action. We reviewed the growing conservation literature on SRS data, focusing on elicited or stated preferences derived through social survey methods such as choice experiments and public participation geographic information systems. Elicited SRS data includes the spatial distribution of willingness to sell, willingness to pay, willingness to act, and assessments of social and cultural values. We developed a typology for assessing elicited SRS data uncertainty which describes how social survey uncertainty propagates when projected spatially and the importance of accounting for spatial uncertainty such as scale effects and data quality. These uncertainties will propagate when elicited SRS data is integrated with biophysical data for conservation planning and may have important consequences for assessing the feasibility of conservation actions. To explore this issue further, we conducted a systematic review of the elicited SRS data literature. We found that social survey uncertainty was commonly tested for, but that these uncertainties were ignored when projected spatially. Based on these results we developed a framework which will help researchers and practitioners estimate social survey uncertainty and use these quantitative estimates to systematically address uncertainty within an analysis. This is important when using SRS data in conservation applications because decisions need to be made irrespective of data quality and well characterized uncertainty can be incorporated into decision theoretic approaches.

Development of the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for predicting the impact of storms on high-energy, active-margin coasts - Patrick L. Barnard; Maarten van Ormondt; Li H. Erikson; Jodi Eshleman; Cheryl Hapke; Peter Ruggiero; Peter N. Adams; Amy C. Foxgrover (Natural Hazards, 2014)

Predicting the likely response of data‐poor ecosystems to climate change using space‐for‐time substitution across domains - Rebecca E. Lester; Paul G. Close; Jan L. Barton; Adam J. Pope; Stuart C. Brown (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Predicting ecological response to climate change is often limited by a lack of relevant local data from which directly applicable mechanistic models can be developed. This limits predictions to qualitative assessments or simplistic rules of thumb in data‐poor regions, making management of the relevant systems difficult. We demonstrate a method for developing quantitative predictions of ecological response in data‐poor ecosystems based on a space‐for‐time substitution, using distant, well‐studied systems across an inherent climatic gradient to predict ecological response. Changes in biophysical data across the spatial gradient are used to generate quantitative hypotheses of temporal ecological responses that are then tested in a target region. Transferability of predictions among distant locations, the novel outcome of this method, is demonstrated via simple quantitative relationships that identify direct and indirect impacts of climate change on physical, chemical and ecological variables using commonly available data sources. Based on a limited subset of data, these relationships were demonstrably plausible in similar yet distant (>2000 km) ecosystems. Quantitative forecasts of ecological change based on climate‐ecosystem relationships from distant regions provides a basis for research planning and informed management decisions, especially in the many ecosystems for which there are few data. This application of gradient studies across domains – to investigate ecological response to climate change – allows for the quantification of effects on potentially numerous, interacting and complex ecosystem components and how they may vary, especially over long time periods (e.g. decades). These quantitative and integrated long‐term predictions will be of significant value to natural resource practitioners attempting to manage data‐poor ecosystems to prevent or limit the loss of ecological value. The method is likely to be applicable to many ecosystem types, providing a robust scientific basis for estimating likely impacts of future climate change in ecosystems where no such method currently exists.

Circadian rhythm of peripheral perfusion during 10-day hypoxic confinement and bed rest - Adam C. McDonnell; Ola Eiken; Polona Jaki Mekjavic; Igor B. Mekjavic (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Aspirated bile: a major host trigger modulating respiratory pathogen colonisation in cystic fibrosis patients - F. J. Reen; D. F. Woods; M. J. Mooij; M. N. Chróinín; D. Mullane; L. Zhou; J. Quille; D. Fitzpatrick; J. D. Glennon; G. P. McGlacken; C. Adams; F. O’Gara (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2014)

Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of rangelands in the United States - Matthew C. Reeves; Adam L. Moreno; Karen E. Bagne; Steven W. Running (Climatic Change, 2014)

Primary alveolar macrophages exposed to diesel particulate matter increase RAGE expression and activate RAGE signaling - David B. Barton; Bryce C. Betteridge; Tyler D. Earley; Cameron S. Curtis; Adam B. Robinson; Paul R. Reynolds (Cell and Tissue Research, 2014)

Introduced parasite Anguillicola crassus infection significantly impedes swim bladder function in the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) - J Barry; J McLeish; J A Dodd; J F Turnbull; P Boylan; C E Adams (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2014)

How will coral reef fish communities respond to climate-driven disturbances? Insight from landscape-scale perturbations - Thomas C. Adam; Andrew J. Brooks; Sally J. Holbrook; Russell J. Schmitt; Libe Washburn; Giacomo Bernardi (Oecologia, 2014)

Validated age, growth and maturity of the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic Ocean - B. S. Frazier; W. B. Driggers; D. H. Adams; C. M. Jones; J. K. Loefer (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
The age, growth and maturity of bonnetheads Sphyrna tiburo inhabiting the estuarine and coastal waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean ( WNA ) from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, south to West Palm Beach, Florida, were examined. Vertebrae were collected and aged from 329 females and 217 males ranging in size from 262 to 1043 mm and 245 to 825 mm fork length, L F , respectively. Sex‐specific von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to length‐at‐age data. Female von Bertalanffy parameters were L ∞ = 1036 mm L F , k = 0·18, t 0 = −1·64 and L 0 = 272 mm L F . Males reached a smaller theoretical asymptotic length and had a higher growth coefficient ( L ∞ = 782 mm L F , k = 0·29, t 0 = −1·43 and L 0 = 266 mm L F ). Maximum observed age was 17·9 years for females and 16·0 years for males. Annual deposition of growth increments was verified by marginal increment analysis and validated for age classes 2·5+ to 10·5+ years through recapture of 13 oxytetracycline‐injected specimens at liberty in the wild for 1–4 years. Length ( L F50 ) and age ( A 50 ) at 50% maturity were 819 mm and 6·7 years for females, and 618 mm and 3·9 years for males. Both female and male S. tiburo in the WNA had a significantly higher maximum observed age, L F50 , A 50 and L ∞ , and a significantly lower k and estimated L 0 than evident in the Gulf of Mexico ( GOM ). These significant differences in life‐history parameters, as well as evidence from tagging and genetic studies, suggest that S. tiburo in the WNA and GOM should be considered separate stocks.

Surface feeding and aggressive behaviour of diploid and triploid brown trout Salmo trutta during allopatric pair‐wise matchings - A. C. Preston; J. F. Taylor; C. E. Adams; H. Migaud (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
Diploid and triploid brown trout Salmo trutta were acclimated for 6 weeks on two feeding regimes (floating and sinking). Thereafter, aggression and surface feeding response were compared between pairs of all diploid, all triploid and diploid and triploid S. trutta in an experimental stream. In each pair‐wise matching, fish of similar size were placed in allopatry and rank was determined by the total number of aggressive interactions recorded. Dominant individuals initiated more aggression than subordinates, spent more time defending a territory and positioned themselves closer to the surface food source ( Gammarus pulex ), whereas subordinates occupied the peripheries. In cross ploidy trials, diploid S. trutta were more aggressive than triploid, and dominated their sibling when placed in pair‐wise matchings. Surface feeding, however, did not differ statistically between ploidy irrespective of feeding regime. Triploids adopted a sneak feeding strategy while diploids expended more time defending a territory. In addition, we also tested whether triploids exhibit a similar social dominance to diploids when placed in allopatry. Although aggression was lower in triploid pairs than in the diploid and triploid pairs, a dominance hierarchy was also observed between individuals of the same ploidy. Dominant triploid fish were more aggressive and consumed more feed items than subordinate individuals. Subordinate fish displayed a darker colour index than dominant fish suggesting increased stress levels. Dominant triploid fish, however, appeared to be more tolerant of subordinate individuals and did not display the same degree of invasive aggression as seen in the diploid and diploid or diploid and triploid matchings. These novel findings suggest that sterile triploid S. trutta feed similarly but are less aggressive than diploid trout. Future studies should determine the habitat choice of triploid S. trutta after release and the interaction between wild fish and triploids during the breeding season prior to utilization of triploids as an alternative management strategy within freshwater fisheries.

Beyond a warming fingerprint: individualistic biogeographic responses to heterogeneous climate change in California - Giovanni Rapacciuolo; Sean P. Maher; Adam C. Schneider; Talisin T. Hammond; Meredith D. Jabis; Rachel E. Walsh; Kelly J. Iknayan; Genevieve K. Walden; Meagan F. Oldfather; David D. Ackerly; Steven R. Beissinger (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Understanding recent biogeographic responses to climate change is fundamental for improving our predictions of likely future responses and guiding conservation planning at both local and global scales. Studies of observed biogeographic responses to 20th century climate change have principally examined effects related to ubiquitous increases in temperature – collectively termed a warming fingerprint. Although the importance of changes in other aspects of climate – particularly precipitation and water availability – is widely acknowledged from a theoretical standpoint and supported by paleontological evidence, we lack a practical understanding of how these changes interact with temperature to drive biogeographic responses. Further complicating matters, differences in life history and ecological attributes may lead species to respond differently to the same changes in climate. Here, we examine whether recent biogeographic patterns across California are consistent with a warming fingerprint. We describe how various components of climate have changed regionally in California during the 20th century and review empirical evidence of biogeographic responses to these changes, particularly elevational range shifts. Many responses to climate change do not appear to be consistent with a warming fingerprint, with downslope shifts in elevation being as common as upslope shifts across a number of taxa and many demographic and community responses being inconsistent with upslope shifts. We identify a number of potential direct and indirect mechanisms for these responses, including the influence of aspects of climate change other than temperature (e.g., the shifting seasonal balance of energy and water availability), differences in each taxon's sensitivity to climate change, trophic interactions, and land‐use change. Finally, we highlight the need to move beyond a warming fingerprint in studies of biogeographic responses by considering a more multifaceted view of climate, emphasizing local‐scale effects, and including a priori knowledge of relevant natural history for the taxa and regions under study.

Exercise volume and intensity: a dose–response relationship with health benefits - Heather J. A. Foulds; Shannon S. D. Bredin; Sarah A. Charlesworth; Adam C. Ivey; Darren E. R. Warburton (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Experimental influence of pH on the early life-stages of sea urchins II: increasing parental exposure times gives rise to different responses - Coleen C. Suckling; Melody S. Clark; Christine Beveridge; Lars Brunner; Adam D. Hughes; Elizabeth M. Harper; Elizabeth J. Cook; Andrew J. Davies; Lloyd S. Peck (Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2014)

Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK - Peter Scarborough; Paul N. Appleby; Anja Mizdrak; Adam D. M. Briggs; Ruth C. Travis; Kathryn E. Bradbury; Timothy J. Key (Climatic Change, 2014)

How do various maize crop models vary in their responses to climate change factors? - Simona Bassu; Nadine Brisson; Jean‐Louis Durand; Kenneth Boote; Jon Lizaso; James W. Jones; Cynthia Rosenzweig; Alex C. Ruane; Myriam Adam; Christian Baron; Bruno Basso; Christian Biernath; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Potential consequences of climate change on crop production can be studied using mechanistic crop simulation models. While a broad variety of maize simulation models exist, it is not known whether different models diverge on grain yield responses to changes in climatic factors, or whether they agree in their general trends related to phenology, growth, and yield. With the goal of analyzing the sensitivity of simulated yields to changes in temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [ CO 2 ], we present the largest maize crop model intercomparison to date, including 23 different models. These models were evaluated for four locations representing a wide range of maize production conditions in the world: Lusignan (France), Ames ( USA ), Rio Verde (Brazil) and Morogoro (Tanzania). While individual models differed considerably in absolute yield simulation at the four sites, an ensemble of a minimum number of models was able to simulate absolute yields accurately at the four sites even with low data for calibration, thus suggesting that using an ensemble of models has merit. Temperature increase had strong negative influence on modeled yield response of roughly −0.5 Mg ha −1 per °C. Doubling [ CO 2 ] from 360 to 720 μmol mol −1 increased grain yield by 7.5% on average across models and the sites. That would therefore make temperature the main factor altering maize yields at the end of this century. Furthermore, there was a large uncertainty in the yield response to [ CO 2 ] among models. Model responses to temperature and [ CO 2 ] did not differ whether models were simulated with low calibration information or, simulated with high level of calibration information.

Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in the warm season forage grass Paspalum dilatatum by down-regulation of a Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase Gene - Andrea Giordano; Zhiqian Liu; Stephen N. Panter; Adam M. Dimech; Yongjin Shang; Hewage Wijesinghe; Karen Fulgueras; Yidong Ran; Aidyn Mouradov; Simone Rochfort; Nicola J. Patron; German C. Spangenberg (Transgenic Research, 2014)

Regional brain distribution of translocator protein using [11C]DPA-713 PET in individuals infected with HIV - Jennifer M. Coughlin; Yuchuan Wang; Shuangchao Ma; Chen Yue; Pearl K. Kim; Ashley V. Adams; Heidi V. Roosa; Kenneth L. Gage; Marigo Stathis; Rana Rais; Camilo Rojas; Jennifer L. McGlothan; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

Providing patient education: impact on quantity and quality of family health history collection - Chris A. Beadles; R. Ryanne Wu; Tiffany Himmel; Adam H. Buchanan; Karen P. Powell; Elizabeth Hauser; Vincent C. Henrich; Geoffrey S. Ginsburg; Lori A. Orlando (Familial Cancer, 2014)

Metabolomic profiling reveals severe skeletal muscle group-specific perturbations of metabolism in aged FBN rats - Sean M. Garvey; Janis E. Dugle; Adam D. Kennedy; Jonathan E. McDunn; William Kline; Lining Guo; Denis C. Guttridge; Suzette L. Pereira; Neile K. Edens (Biogerontology, 2014)

Widespread rapid reductions in body size of adult salamanders in response to climate change - Nicholas M. Caruso; Michael W. Sears; Dean C. Adams; Karen R. Lips (Global Change Biology, 2014)

Global conservation status and research needs for tarpons (Megalopidae), ladyfishes (Elopidae) and bonefishes (Albulidae) - Aaron J Adams; Andrij Z Horodysky; Richard S McBride; Kathryn Guindon; Jonathan Shenker; Timothy C MacDonald; Heather D Harwell; Rocky Ward; Kent Carpenter (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
We assessed the taxonomic diversity, geographic distributions, life history, ecology and fisheries of tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes (members of the subdivision Elopomorpha), which share many life history and habitat use characteristics that make them vulnerable to environmental and anthropogenic stresses in coastal environments. This assessment of Red List status for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature reveals three species considered near threatened or vulnerable, three species of least concern, and 11 data‐deficient species. Although the taxonomy of tarpons appears stable, it is less so for ladyfishes and bonefishes. In aggregate, these species are distributed circumtropically and foray into temperate zones. Although they spawn in marine habitats, larvae of many species disperse into estuarine habitats, which are declining in area or degrading in quality. Several species support high‐value recreational fisheries, or culturally important small‐scale commercial and artisanal fisheries. Nonetheless, no formal stock assessment exists for any species, so improved data collection, information sharing and assessment techniques should facilitate socio‐economic development of individual fisheries. Catch‐and‐release recreational fisheries that promote conservation of tarpon and bonefishes in some regions are promising models to improve the conservation status of these fishes elsewhere, as well as the economic development of these fishing communities. Most tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes likely face significant challenges from anthropogenically mediated habitat loss and alteration, and several are vulnerable to both habitat degradation and overfishing. Broader protection and enhancements to fisheries habitat in all regions will benefit these as well as many other coastal fishery species.

Activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors improve stress adaptation - Jiansong Zhou; Xia Cao; Adam C Mar; Yu-Qiang Ding; Xiaoping Wang; Qi Li; Lingjiang Li (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Exploring the spatio-temporal relationship between two key aeroallergens and meteorological variables in the United Kingdom - Nabaz Khwarahm; Jadunandan Dash; Peter M. Atkinson; R. M. Newnham; C. A. Skjøth; B. Adams-Groom; Eric Caulton; K. Head (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

Morphological abnormalities in a population of Lampetra planeri , with a short review of petromyzontid teratologies - J. B. Hume; C. W. Bean; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
Reported here are several deviations ( n = 15; 1·96%) from typical morphology in a large sample ( n = 767) of European brook lamprey Lampetra planeri from a single population in the Loch Lomond catchment; this includes one specimen bearing a true anal fin. A brief review of petromyzontid teratology is provided.

Phylogenetic constraints on elemental stoichiometry and resource allocation in heterotrophic marine bacteria - Amy E. Zimmerman; Steven D. Allison; Adam C. Martiny (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of evolutionary history to variation in the biomass stoichiometry and underlying biochemical allocation patterns of heterotrophic marine bacteria. We hypothesized that phylogeny significantly constrains biochemical allocation strategy and elemental composition among taxa of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Using a ‘common‐garden’ experimental design, we detected significant interspecific variation in stoichiometry, macromolecule allocation and growth rate among 13 strains of marine P roteobacteria . However, this variation was not well explained by 16 S rRNA phylogenetic relationships or differences in growth rate. Heterotrophic bacteria likely experience C ‐limitation when consuming resources in Redfield proportions, which consequently decouples growth rate from allocation to rRNA and biomass P content. Accordingly, overall bacterial C : nutrient ratios ( C : P = 77, C : N = 4.9) were lower than Redfield proportions, whereas the average N : P ratio of 17 was consistent with the Redfield ratio. Our results suggest that strain‐level diversity is an important driver of variation in the C : N : P ratios of heterotrophic bacterial biomass and that the potential importance of non‐nucleic acid pools of P warrants further investigation. Continued work clarifying the range and controls on the stoichiometry of heterotrophic marine bacteria will help improve understanding and predictions of global ocean C , N and P dynamics.

Seismicity along the Azores-Gibraltar region and global plate kinematics - M. Bezzeghoud; C. Adam; E. Buforn; J. F. Borges; B. Caldeira (Journal of Seismology, 2014)

Early Airway Structural Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Pigs as a Determinant of Particle Distribution and Deposition - Maged Awadalla; Shinjiro Miyawaki; Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa; Ryan J. Adam; Drake C. Bouzek; Andrew S. Michalski; Matthew K. Fuld; Karen J. Reynolds; Eric A. Hoffman; Ching-Long Lin; David A. Stoltz (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2014)

On the origin of the N orwegian lemming - Vendela K. Lagerholm; Edson Sandoval‐Castellanos; Dorothee Ehrich; Natalia I. Abramson; Adam Nadachowski; Daniela C. Kalthoff; Mietje Germonpré; Anders Angerbjörn; John R. Stewart; Love Dalén (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
The Pleistocene glacial cycles resulted in significant changes in species distributions, and it has been discussed whether this caused increased rates of population divergence and speciation. One species that is likely to have evolved during the Pleistocene is the Norwegian lemming ( L emmus lemmus ). However, the origin of this species, both in terms of when and from what ancestral taxon it evolved, has been difficult to ascertain. Here, we use ancient DNA recovered from lemming remains from a series of Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites to explore the species' evolutionary history. The results revealed considerable genetic differentiation between glacial and contemporary samples. Moreover, the analyses provided strong support for a divergence time prior to the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ), therefore likely ruling out a postglacial colonization of Scandinavia. Consequently, it appears that the Norwegian lemming evolved from a small population that survived the LGM in an ice‐free Scandinavian refugium.

Similar effects of residential and non-residential vegetation on bird diversity in suburban neighbourhoods - Adam C. Smith; Charles M. Francis; Lenore Fahrig (Urban Ecosystems, 2014)

Phytochemicals as anticancer and chemopreventive topoisomerase II poisons - Adam C. Ketron; Neil Osheroff (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2014)

Dermal Exposure to a Compounded Pain Cream Resulting in Severely Elevated Clonidine Concentration - Adam C. Pomerleau; Casey E. Gooden; Corinne R. Fantz; Brent W. Morgan (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014)

Repeatability of Habitat-Associated Divergence in Shell Shape of Turtles - Gabriel Rivera; Joi N. Davis; James C. Godwin; Dean C. Adams (Evolutionary Biology, 2014)

The bacterial communities in plant phloem‐sap‐feeding insects - Xiangfeng Jing; Adam C‐N Wong; John M. Chaston; John Colvin; Cindy L. McKenzie; Angela E. Douglas (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
The resident microbiota of animals represents an important contribution to the global microbial diversity, but it is poorly known in many animals. This study investigated the bacterial diversity in plant phloem‐sap‐feeding whiteflies, aphids and psyllids by pyrosequencing bacterial 16 S rRNA gene amplicons. After correction for sequencing error, just 3–7 bacterial operational taxonomic units were recovered from each insect sample sequenced to sufficient depth for saturation of rarefaction curves. Most samples were dominated by primary and secondary symbionts, which are localized to insect cells or the body cavity, indicative of a dearth of bacterial colonists of the gut lumen. Diversity indices of the bacterial communities ( S hannon's index: 0.40–1.46, S impson's index: 0.15–0.74) did not differ significantly between laboratory and field samples of the phloem‐feeding insects, but were significantly lower than in drosophilid flies quantified by the same methods. Both the low bacterial content of the phloem sap diet and biological processes in the insect may contribute to the apparently low bacterial diversity in these phloem‐feeding insects.

Reduction of Baltic Sea Nutrient Inputs and Allocation of Abatement Costs Within the Baltic Sea Catchment - Fredrik Wulff; Christoph Humborg; Hans Estrup Andersen; Gitte Blicher-Mathiesen; Mikołaj Czajkowski; Katarina Elofsson; Anders Fonnesbech-Wulff; Berit Hasler; Bongghi Hong; Viesturs Jansons; Carl-Magnus Mörth; James C. R. Smart; et al. (Ambio, 2014)

Carbon accumulation and nitrogen pool recovery during transitions from savanna to forest in central Brazil - Adam F. A. Pellegrini; William A. Hoffmann; Augusto C. Franco (Ecology, 2014)
The expansion of tropical forest into savanna may potentially be a large carbon sink, but little is known about the patterns of carbon sequestration during transitional forest formation. Moreover, it is unclear how nutrient limitation, due to extended exposure to fire‐driven nutrient losses, may constrain carbon accumulation. Here, we sampled plots that spanned a woody biomass gradient from savanna to transitional forest in response to differential fire protection in central Brazil. These plots were used to investigate how the process of transitional forest formation affects the size and distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. This was paired with a detailed analysis of the nitrogen cycle to explore possible connections between carbon accumulation and nitrogen limitation. An analysis of carbon pools in the vegetation, upper soil, and litter shows that the transition from savanna to transitional forest can result in a fourfold increase in total carbon (from 43 to 179 Mg C/ha) with a doubling of carbon stocks in the litter and soil layers. Total nitrogen in the litter and soil layers increased with forest development in both the bulk (+68%) and plant‐available (+150%) pools, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the upper layers. However, the analyses of nitrate concentrations, nitrate : ammonium ratios, plant stoichiometry of carbon and nitrogen, and soil and foliar nitrogen isotope ratios suggest that a conservative nitrogen cycle persists throughout forest development, indicating that nitrogen remains in low supply relative to demand. Furthermore, the lack of variation in underlying soil type (>20 cm depth) suggests that the biogeochemical trends across the gradient are driven by vegetation. Our results provide evidence for high carbon sequestration potential with forest encroachment on savanna, but nitrogen limitation may play a large and persistent role in governing carbon sequestration in savannas or other equally fire‐disturbed tropical landscapes. In turn, the link between forest development and nitrogen pool recovery creates a framework for evaluating potential positive feedbacks on savanna–forest boundaries.

Mercury in bats from the northeastern United States - David E. Yates; Evan M. Adams; Sofia E. Angelo; David C. Evers; John Schmerfeld; Marianne S. Moore; Thomas H. Kunz; Timothy Divoll; Samuel T. Edmonds; Christopher Perkins; Robert Taylor; Nelson J. O’Driscoll (Ecotoxicology, 2014)

Endothelial-like properties of claudin-low breast cancer cells promote tumor vascular permeability and metastasis - J. Chuck Harrell; Adam D. Pfefferle; Nicole Zalles; Aleix Prat; Cheng Fan; Andrey Khramtsov; Olufunmilayo I. Olopade; Melissa A. Troester; Andrew C. Dudley; Charles M. Perou (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2014)

Root Chemistry in Populus tremuloides: Effects of Soil Nutrients, Defoliation, and Genotype - Michael T. Stevens; Adam C. Gusse; Richard L. Lindroth (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

Understanding home range behaviour and resource selection of invasive common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in urban environments - A. L. Adams; M. R. Recio; B. C. Robertson; K. J. M. Dickinson; Y. van Heezik (Biological Invasions, 2013)

Clinical Features, Testing, and Management of Patients with Suspected Prosthetic Hip-Associated Cobalt Toxicity: a Systematic Review of Cases - John J. Devlin; Adam C. Pomerleau; Jeffrey Brent; Brent W. Morgan; Scott Deitchman; Michael Schwartz (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2013)

Real-time quantitative PCR assays for evaluation of soybean varieties for resistance to the stem and root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae - Mursel Catal; Fedai Erler; Dennis W. Fulbright; Gerard C. Adams (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Orthogonal High-Throughput Thermal Scanning Method for Rank Ordering Protein Formulations - Vishal C. Nashine; Andrew M. Kroetsch; Erinc Sahin; Rong Zhou; Monica L. Adams (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2013)

Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? - Eric W. Seabloom; Elizabeth T. Borer; Yvonne Buckley; Elsa E. Cleland; Kendi Davies; Jennifer Firn; W. Stanley Harpole; Yann Hautier; Eric Lind; Andrew MacDougall; John L. Orrock; Suzanne M. Prober; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global‐scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass‐dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic‐dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site‐ or regional‐scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Identifying eradication units in an invasive mammalian pest species - A. L. Adams; Y. van Heezik; K. J. M. Dickinson; B. C. Robertson (Biological Invasions, 2013)

Poor fen succession over ombrotrophic peat related to late Holocene increased surface wetness in subarctic Quebec, Canada - SIMON VAN BELLEN; MICHELLE GARNEAU; ADAM A. ALI; ALEXANDRE LAMARRE; ÉLISABETH C. ROBERT; GABRIEL MAGNAN; HANS ASNONG; STEVE PRATTE (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2013)
Northern peatlands act as archives of environmental change through their sensitivity to water balance fluctuations, while being significant contributors to global greenhouse gas dynamics. Subarctic fens in north‐eastern Canada are characterized by a dominance of pools and flarks. We aimed to reconstruct the late Holocene hydrological conditions of these fens to establish the timing of the initiation of pool and flark formation and possible links with climate. Testate amoebae and plant macrofossils from five cores, sampled in three fens, were analysed to infer water tables with chronologies based on 14 C and 210 Pb dating. All sites showed the presence of relatively dry, ombrotrophic conditions with abundant Picea from 5000 cal a BP, followed by a first shift to wet, poor fen conditions with pool and flark development around 3000 cal a BP and a subsequent wet shift after ∼800 cal a BP. These trends coincide with previously observed Neoglacial and Little Ice Age cooler and wetter conditions and therefore climate may well have been a dominant factor in the initiation and development of pools and flarks over the late Holocene. The effect of anticipated climate change on subarctic peatlands remains unclear, although wetter conditions might enhance pool expansion to the detriment of terrestrial components.

Adhesion mechanisms in European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus eggs: is this a survival mechanism for high‐energy spawning grounds? - D. S. Murray; M. M. Bain; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2013)
This study examined the potential biochemical and mechanical structures that may contribute to egg adhesion in European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus . Experiments showed that eggs from a population of C. lavaretus from Loch Eck remained non‐adhesive in a solution chemically similar to ovarian fluid but became adhesive seconds after contact with water. Examination of the ultrastructure of the chorion showed that the morphology changed significantly after contact with water, with nodule‐like protuberances attached to connective filaments on the surface present in water‐hardened but not non‐water hardened eggs. Biochemical analysis showed the presence of Chain A, RNase ZF ‐3e proteins in the chorion of water‐hardened but not non‐water hardened eggs. Histochemical staining of the chorion of C. lavaretus eggs showed that the externa, but not the interna, stained positively for the presence of glycoproteins. From these results, it was concluded that C. lavaretus from Loch Eck possess both anatomical and biochemical adhesive mechanisms that have been undocumented in this species so far.

Diatoms can be an important exception to temperature–size rules at species and community levels of organization - Georgina L. Adams; Doris E. Pichler; Eileen J. Cox; Eoin J. O'Gorman; Alex Seeney; Guy Woodward; Daniel C. Reuman (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Climate warming has been linked to an apparent general decrease in body sizes of ectotherms, both across and within taxa, especially in aquatic systems. Smaller body size in warmer geographical regions has also been widely observed. Since body size is a fundamental determinant of many biological attributes, climate‐warming‐related changes in size could ripple across multiple levels of ecological organization. Some recent studies have questioned the ubiquity of temperature–size rules, however, and certain widespread and abundant taxa, such as diatoms, may be important exceptions. We tested the hypothesis that diatoms are smaller at warmer temperatures using a system of geothermally heated streams. There was no consistent relationship between size and temperature at either the population or community level. These field data provide important counterexamples to both James’ and Bergmann's temperature–size rules, respectively, undermining the widely held assumption that warming favours the small. This study provides compelling new evidence that diatoms are an important exception to temperature–size rules for three reasons: (i) we use many more species than prior work; (ii) we examine both community and species levels of organization simultaneously; (iii) we work in a natural system with a wide temperature gradient but minimal variation in other factors, to achieve robust tests of hypotheses without relying on laboratory setups, which have limited realism. In addition, we show that interspecific effects were a bigger contributor to whole‐community size differences, and are probably more ecologically important than more commonly studied intraspecific effects. These findings highlight the need for multispecies approaches in future studies of climate warming and body size.

Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy: A So-Called Theranostic System - Huining He; Allan David; Beata Chertok; Adam Cole; Kyuri Lee; Jian Zhang; Jianxin Wang; Yongzhuo Huang; Victor C. Yang (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

Leaf litter quality affects aquatic insect emergence: contrasting patterns from two foundation trees - Zacchaeus G. Compson; Kenneth J. Adams; Joeseph A. Edwards; Jesse M. Maestas; Thomas G. Whitham; Jane C. Marks (Oecologia, 2013)

Two-phase modeling of sediment clouds - Adrian C. H. Lai; Bing Zhao; Adrian Wing-Keung Law; E. Eric Adams (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2013)

Precipitation of alacranite ( As 8 S 9 ) by a novel As ( V )‐respiring anaerobe strain MPA ‐ C 3 - Adam C. Mumford; Nathan Yee; Lily Y. Young (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary Strain MPA ‐ C3 was isolated by incubating arsenic‐bearing sediments under anaerobic, mesophilic conditions in minimal media with acetate as the sole source of energy and carbon, and A s( V ) as the sole electron acceptor. Following growth and the respiratory reduction of A s( V ) to A s( III ), a yellow precipitate formed in active cultures, while no precipitate was observed in autoclaved controls, or in uninoculated media supplemented with A s( III ). The precipitate was identified by X ‐ray diffraction as alacranite, As 8 S 9 , a mineral previously only identified in hydrothermal environments. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain MPA ‐ C3 is a member of the D eferribacteres family, with relatively low (90%) identity to D enitrovibrio acetiphilus DSM 12809. The arsenate respiratory reductase gene, arrA , was sequenced, showing high homology to the arrA gene of D esulfitobacterium halfniense . In addition to A s( V ), strain MPA ‐ C3 utilizes NO 3 − , S e( VI ), S e( IV ), fumarate and F e( III ) as electron acceptors, and acetate, pyruvate, fructose and benzoate as sources of carbon and energy. Analysis of a draft genome sequence revealed multiple pathways for respiration and carbon utilization. The results of this work demonstrate that alacranite, a mineral previously thought to be formed only chemically under hydrothermal conditions, is precipitated under mesophilic conditions by the metabolically versatile strain MPA ‐ C3 .

Human-mediated drivers of change — impacts on coastal ecosystems and marine biota of South Africa - A Mead; C L Griffiths; G M Branch; C D McQuaid; L K Blamey; J J Bolton; R J Anderson; F Dufois; M Rouault; P W Froneman; A K Whitfield; L R Harris; et al. (African Journal of Marine Science, 2013)

Prenatal DES exposure in relation to breast size - Julie R. Palmer; Deborah A. Boggs; Elizabeth E. Hatch; Rebecca Troisi; Linda Titus-Ernstoff; William C. Strohsnitter; Ervin Adam; Robert N. Hoover (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Polymorphisms and tissue expression of the feline leukocyte antigen class I loci FLAI-E, FLAI-H, and FLAI-K - Jennifer C. Holmes; Savannah G. Holmer; Peter Ross; Adam S. Buntzman; Jeffrey A. Frelinger; Paul R. Hess (Immunogenetics, 2013)

Intraspecific Sexual Size and Shape Dimorphism in an Australian Freshwater Fish Differs with Respect to a Biogeographic Barrier and Latitude - Clint D. Kelly; Kaila E. Folinsbee; Dean C. Adams; Michael D. Jennions (Evolutionary Biology, 2013)

Design of a Traumatic Injury Simulator for Assessing Lower Limb Response to High Loading Rates - Spyros D. Masouros; Nicolas Newell; Arul Ramasamy; Timothy J. Bonner; Andrew T. H. West; Adam M. Hill; Jon C. Clasper; Anthony M. J. Bull (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013)

Beta diversity of marine bacteria depends on temporal scale - Stephen M. Hatosy; Jennifer B. H. Martiny; Rohan Sachdeva; Joshua Steele; Jed A. Fuhrman; Adam C. Martiny (Ecology, 2013)
Factors controlling the spatial distribution of bacterial diversity have been intensely studied, whereas less is known about temporal changes. To address this, we tested whether the mechanisms that underlie bacterial temporal β‐diversity vary across different scales in three marine microbial communities. While seasonal turnover was detected, at least 73% of the community variation occurred at intra‐seasonal temporal scales, suggesting that episodic events are important in structuring marine microbial communities. In addition, turnover at different temporal scales appeared to be driven by different factors. Intra‐seasonal turnover was significantly correlated to environmental variables such as phosphate and silicate concentrations, while seasonal and interannual turnover were related to nitrate concentration and temporal distance. We observed a strong link between the magnitude of environmental variation and bacterial β‐diversity in different communities. Analogous to spatial biogeography, we found different rates of community changes across temporal scales.

Tolerance of Four Tropical Tree Species to Heavy Petroleum Contamination - I. Pérez-Hernández; S. Ochoa-Gaona; R. H. Adams Schroeder; M. C. Rivera-Cruz; V. Geissen (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013)

A survey of DNA methylation across social insect species, life stages, and castes reveals abundant and caste-associated methylation in a primitively social wasp - Susan A. Weiner; David A. Galbraith; Dean C. Adams; Nicole Valenzuela; Fernando B. Noll; Christina M. Grozinger; Amy L. Toth (The Science of Nature, 2013)

Nanoparticles Do Not Penetrate Human Skin—A Theoretical Perspective - Adam C. Watkinson; Annette L. Bunge; Jonathan Hadgraft; Majella E. Lane (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

Identification of key amino acids for the evolution of promoter target specificity of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin regulating MYB factors - Simon C. Heppel; Felix W. Jaffé; Adam M. Takos; Swen Schellmann; Thomas Rausch; Amanda R. Walker; Jochen Bogs (Plant Molecular Biology, 2013)

Bacteria Associated with a Tree-Killing Insect Reduce Concentrations of Plant Defense Compounds - Celia K. Boone; Ken Keefover-Ring; Abigail C. Mapes; Aaron S. Adams; Jörg Bohlmann; Kenneth F. Raffa (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2013)

Nonparallelism in MHCII β diversity accompanies nonparallelism in pathogen infection of lake whitefish ( C oregonus clupeaformis ) species pairs as revealed by next‐generation sequencing - Scott A. Pavey; Maelle Sevellec; William Adam; Eric Normandeau; Fabien C. Lamaze; Pierre‐Alexandre Gagnaire; Marie Filteau; Francois Olivier Hebert; Halim Maaroufi; Louis Bernatchez (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Major histocompatibility ( MHC ) immune system genes may evolve in response to pathogens in the environment. Because they also may affect mate choice, they are candidates for having great importance in ecological speciation. Here, we use next‐generation sequencing to test the general hypothesis of parallelism in patterns of MHCII β diversity and bacterial infections among five dwarf and normal whitefish sympatric pairs. A second objective was to assess the functional relationships between specific MHCII β alleles and pathogens in natural conditions. Each individual had between one and four alleles, indicating two paralogous loci. In C liff Lake, the dwarf ecotype was monomorphic for the most common allele. In W ebster Lake, the skew in the allelic distribution was towards the same allele but in the normal ecotype, underscoring the nonparallel divergence among lakes. Our signal of balancing selection matched putative peptide binding region residues in some cases, but not in others, supporting other recent findings of substantial functional differences in fish MHCII β compared with mammals. Individuals with fewer alleles were less likely to be infected; thus, we found no evidence for the heterozygote advantage hypothesis. MHCII β alleles and pathogenic bacteria formed distinct clusters in multivariate analyses, and clusters of certain alleles were associated with clusters of pathogens, or sometimes the absence of pathogens, indicating functional relationships at the individual level. Given that patterns of MHCII β and bacteria were nonparallel among dwarf and normal whitefish pairs, we conclude that pathogens driving MHCII β evolution did not play a direct role in their parallel phenotypic evolution.

Comparison of macroalgal (Ulva and Grateloupia spp.) and formulated terrestrial feed on the growth and condition of juvenile abalone - William J. Mulvaney; Pia C. Winberg; Louise Adams (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2013)

The learning of isometric force time scales is differentially influenced by constant and variable practice - Adam C. King; Karl M. Newell (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

A new quantitative real-time PCR assay for Rhizoctonia solani AG3-PT and the detection of AGs of Rhizoctonia solani associated with potato in soil and tuber samples in Great Britain - James W. Woodhall; Ian P. Adams; Jeff C. Peters; Glyn Harper; Neil Boonham (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

The Evolution of Wing Shape in Ornamented-Winged Damselflies (Calopterygidae, Odonata) - David Outomuro; Dean C. Adams; Frank Johansson (Evolutionary Biology, 2013)

Becoming Different But Staying Alike: Patterns of Sexual Size and Shape Dimorphism in Bills of Hummingbirds - Chelsea M. Berns; Dean C. Adams (Evolutionary Biology, 2013)

Phylogenetic Patterns of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Turtles and Their Implications for Rensch’s Rule - Claudia P. Ceballos; Dean C. Adams; John B. Iverson; Nicole Valenzuela (Evolutionary Biology, 2013)

Pollen season and climate: Is the timing of birch pollen release in the UK approaching its limit? - R. M. Newnham; T. H. Sparks; C. A. Skjøth; K. Head; B. Adams-Groom; M. Smith (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2013)

Evidence of a recent decline in river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis parasitism of a nationally rare whitefish Coregonus lavaretus : is there a diamond in the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus ? - J. B. Hume; C. E. Adams; C. W. Bean; P. S. Maitland (Journal of Fish Biology, 2013)
Lamprey‐induced scarring of the nationally rare Coregonus lavaretus , a known host of a freshwater‐resident population of European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis , was found to have declined precipitously since the establishment of several non‐native fishes in Loch Lomond. Evidence presented in this study points to the possibility that L. fluviatilis in this lake may have altered its trophic ecology in response to the negative impact that non‐native species, in particular ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus , have had on their favoured host.

Viral infection of Phaeocystis globosa impedes release of chitinous star‐like structures: quantification using single cell approaches - A. R. Sheik; C. P. D. Brussaard; G. Lavik; R. A. Foster; N. Musat; B. Adam; M. M. M. Kuypers (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary Phaeocystis globosa is an ecologically important bloom‐forming phytoplankton, which sequesters substantial amounts of inorganic carbon and can form carbon‐enriched chitinous star‐like structures. Viruses infecting P. globosa (PgVs) play a significant regulatory role in population dynamics of the host species. However, the extent to which viruses alter host physiology and its carbon assimilation on single cell level is still largely unknown. This study demonstrates for the first time the impact of viral infection on carbon assimilation and cell morphology of individual axenic P. globosa cells using two single cell techniques: high resolution nanometre‐scale Secondary‐Ion Mass Spectrometry (nanoSIMS) approach and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Up until viral lysis (19 h post infection), the bulk carbon assimilation by infected P. globosa cultures was identical to the assimilation by the non‐infected cultures (33 µmol C l −1 ). However, single cell analysis showed that viral infection of P. globosa impedes the release of star‐like structures. Non‐infected cells transfer up to 44.5 µmol C l −1 (36%) of cellular biomass in the form of star‐like structures, suggesting a vital role in the survival of P. globosa cells. We hypothesize that impediment of star‐like structures in infected P. globosa cells may inactivate viral infectivity by forming flocculants after cell lysis. Moreover, we show that substantial amounts of newly produced viruses (∼ 68%) were attached to P. globosa cells prior to cell lysis. Further, we speculate that infected cells become more susceptible for grazing which provides potential reasons for the sudden disappearance of PgVs in the environment. The scenarios of enhanced grazing is at odds to the current perspective that viral infections facilitates microbial mediated processes by diverting host material away from the higher trophic levels.

The 2011–2016 Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Initiative: Rationale and Design - Ruth E. Patterson; Graham A. Colditz; Frank B. Hu; Kathryn H. Schmitz; Rexford S. Ahima; Ross C. Brownson; Kenneth R. Carson; Jorge E. Chavarro; Lewis A. Chodosh; Sarah Gehlert; Jeff Gill; Karen Glanz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Comparison of abundance and habitat usage for common bottlenose dolphins between sites exposed to differential anthropogenic stressors within the estuaries of southern Georgia, U.S.A - Brian C. Balmer; Lori H. Schwacke; Randall S. Wells; Jeffrey D. Adams; R. Clay George; Suzanne M. Lane; William A. McLellan; Patricia E. Rosel; Kate Sparks; Todd Speakman; Eric S. Zolman; D. Ann Pabst (Marine Mammal Science, 2013)
The health of common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus) within southern Georgia estuaries is of particular concern due to high levels of anthropogenic contaminants in their tissues. Dolphins in this region have the highest polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) concentrations recorded for any marine mammal and these concentrations correlate to distance from a Superfund point‐source in the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary ( TBRE ). Currently, little is known about the population structure of dolphins in this region. This study identifies and compares baseline data on abundance, habitat use, site‐fidelity, and ranging patterns of dolphins across two adjacent field sites; Brunswick, including the TBRE , and Sapelo, including the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve. Sapelo is relatively undeveloped and was selected for comparison to the more contaminated TBRE . Dolphin densities increased with tributary size in both sites but dolphin density and total abundance were significantly higher in Sapelo than in Brunswick. Anthropogenic stressors within the TBRE may be an important factor contributing to the differences in abundance, density, and habitat use observed in this study.

Macroecological patterns of marine bacteria on a global scale - Anthony S. Amend; Tom A. Oliver; Linda A. Amaral‐Zettler; Antje Boetius; Jed A. Fuhrman; M. Claire Horner‐Devine; Susan M. Huse; David B. Mark Welch; Adam C. Martiny; Alban Ramette; Lucie Zinger; Mitchell L. Sogin; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim To test whether within‐species and among‐species patterns of abundance and latitudinal range in marine bacteria resemble those found for macro‐organisms, and whether these patterns differ along latitudinal clines. Location Global pelagic marine environments. Methods Taxon‐specific sequence abundance and location were retrieved from the open‐access V6‐ rRNA pyrotag sequence data base VAMPS ( http://vamps.mbl.edu/ ), which holds a massive collection of marine bacterial community data sets from the I nternational C ensus of M arine M icrobes sampling effort of global ocean water masses. Data were randomly subsampled to correct for spatial bias and for differences in sampling effort. Results We show that bacterial latitudinal ranges are narrower than expected by chance. When present in both N orthern and S outhern hemispheres, taxa occupy restricted ranges at similar latitudes on both sides of the equator. A significant and positive relationship exists between sequence abundance and latitudinal range, although this pattern contains a large amount of variance. Abundant taxa in the tropics and in the N orthern H emisphere generally have smaller ranges than those in the S outhern H emisphere. We show that the mean latitudinal range of bacterial taxa increases with latitude, supporting the existence of a R apoport effect in marine bacterioplankton. Finally, we show that bacterioplankton communities contain a higher proportion of abundant taxa as they approach the poles. Main conclusions Macroecological patterns such as the abundance–range relationship, in general, extend to marine bacteria. However, differences in the shape of these relationships between bacteria and macro‐organisms call into question whether the processes and their relative importance in shaping global marine bacteria and macro‐organism distributions are the same.

Niche incumbency, dispersal limitation and climate shape geographical distributions in a species‐rich island adaptive radiation - Adam C. Algar; D. Luke Mahler; Richard E. Glor; Jonathan B. Losos (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim To test the role of climate, dispersal limitation and biotic interactions in limiting species' distributions within an island adaptive radiation by integrating species traits, phylogeny and estimates of dispersal cost into climate‐based species distribution models. Location H ispaniola. Methods Focusing on 26 species of A nolis lizards, we used multivariate adaptive regression splines to evaluate the contribution of climate, species interactions, phylogenetic history and dispersal limitation to species distributional limits. For each species, we mapped the morphological similarity of congenerics using traits of known ecological import and predicted that species would be less likely to occur in climatically suitable areas if they were inhabited by ecologically similar species. Dispersal limitation was incorporated by generating spatially explicit estimates of dispersal cost, based on inferred habitat suitability. We compared models including morphological similarity, dispersal cost, phylogeny and climate with climate‐only models. Results were evaluated against a null model that conserved the spatial structure of species occurrences. Results Climate had a dominant role in shaping species distributions. However, for over one‐third of species we also found evidence consistent with supplemental effects of species interactions, i.e. ecological niche incumbency. These species were less likely to occur in climatically suitable areas inhabited by a morphologically similar species. Dispersal limitation also supplemented climatic limits in most species. These results were robust to co‐variation with phylogeny and to comparison with our null model. Conclusions These results suggest that, rather than act as mutually exclusive alternatives, multiple dimensions of the ecological niche, including climatic limits, biotic interactions and dispersal capacity, interact to shape species distributions and that local interactions can influence the broad‐scale geography of species in a predictable way.

Provenance comparisons between the Nambucca Block, Eastern Australia and the Torlesse Composite Terrane, New Zealand: connections and implications from detrital zircon age patterns - C. J. Adams; R. J. KORSCH; W. L. GRIFFIN (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2013)

Gene-environment interactions and obesity traits among postmenopausal African-American and Hispanic women in the Women’s Health Initiative SHARe Study - Digna R. Velez Edwards; Adam C. Naj; Keri Monda; Kari E. North; Marian Neuhouser; Oyunbileg Magvanjav; Ibukun Kusimo; Mara Z. Vitolins; JoAnn E. Manson; Mary Jo O’Sullivan; Evadnie Rampersaud; Todd L. Edwards (Human Genetics, 2013)

Climate change adaptation advantage for African road infrastructure - Paul Chinowsky; Amy Schweikert; Niko Strzepek; Kyle Manahan; Kenneth Strzepek; C. Adam Schlosser (Climatic Change, 2013)

Sneak male mating tactics between lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) exhibiting alternative life‐history strategies - J. B. Hume; C. E. Adams; B. Mable; C. W. Bean (Journal of Fish Biology, 2013)
Interspecific sneak male mating tactics between paired lamprey species are described for the first time. Although alternative mating tactics among petromyzontids have been described previously, including intraspecific sneak males, the presence of sneak male tactics between parasitic and non‐parasitic forms suggests that high levels of gene flow between putative lamprey species could remain high, despite large body size discrepancies.

Microbial abundance and composition influence litter decomposition response to environmental change - Steven D. Allison; Ying Lu; Claudia Weihe; Michael L. Goulden; Adam C. Martiny; Kathleen K. Treseder; Jennifer B. H. Martiny (Ecology, 2013)
Rates of ecosystem processes such as decomposition are likely to change as a result of human impacts on the environment. In southern California, climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition in particular may alter biological communities and ecosystem processes. These drivers may affect decomposition directly, through changes in abiotic conditions, and indirectly through changes in plant and decomposer communities. To assess indirect effects on litter decomposition, we reciprocally transplanted microbial communities and plant litter among control and treatment plots (either drought or N addition) in a grassland ecosystem. We hypothesized that drought would reduce decomposition rates through moisture limitation of decomposers and reductions in plant litter quality before and during decomposition. In contrast, we predicted that N deposition would stimulate decomposition by relieving N limitation of decomposers and improving plant litter quality. We also hypothesized that adaptive mechanisms would allow microbes to decompose litter more effectively in their native plot and litter environments. Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found that drought treatment reduced litter mass loss from 20.9% to 15.3% after six months. There was a similar decline in mass loss of litter inoculated with microbes transplanted from the drought treatment, suggesting a legacy effect of drought driven by declines in microbial abundance and possible changes in microbial community composition. Bacterial cell densities were up to 86% lower in drought plots and at least 50% lower on litter derived from the drought treatment, whereas fungal hyphal lengths increased by 13–14% in the drought treatment. Nitrogen effects on decomposition rates and microbial abundances were weaker than drought effects, although N addition significantly altered initial plant litter chemistry and litter chemistry during decomposition. However, we did find support for microbial adaptation to N addition with N‐derived microbes facilitating greater mass loss in N plots than in control plots. Our results show that environmental changes can affect rates of ecosystem processes directly through abiotic changes and indirectly through microbial abundances and communities. Therefore models of ecosystem response to global change may need to represent microbial biomass and community composition to make accurate predictions.

Patterns of resource-use and competition for mutualistic partners between two species of obligate cleaner fish - T. C. Adam; S. S. Horii (Coral Reefs, 2012)

A composite score for executive functioning, validated in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with baseline mild cognitive impairment - Laura E. Gibbons; Adam C. Carle; R. Scott Mackin; Danielle Harvey; Shubhabrata Mukherjee; Philip Insel; S. McKay Curtis; Dan Mungas; Paul K. Crane (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2012)

Measurement of Drug in Small Particles from Aqueous Nasal Sprays by Andersen Cascade Impactor - William H. Doub; Wallace P. Adams; Anna M. Wokovich; John C. Black; Meiyu Shen; Lucinda F. Buhse (Pharmaceutical Research, 2012)

A new large scale soil DNA extraction procedure and real-time PCR assay for the detection of Sclerotium cepivorum in soil - James W. Woodhall; Kathryn M. Webb; Patricia M. Giltrap; Ian P. Adams; Jeff C. Peters; Giles E. Budge; Neil Boonham (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012)

Plant traits and spread of the invasive salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel., in the Great Brak Estuary, South Africa - JB Adams; A Grobler; C Rowe; T Riddin; TG Bornman; DR Ayres (African Journal of Marine Science, 2012)

Impacts of Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Illinois River Valley Backwaters - Joshua D. Stafford; Michael W. Eichholz; Adam C. Phillips (Wetlands, 2012)

Age-specific responses to elevated salinity in the coastal marsh plant black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele) as determined through polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (OJIP) - Brant W. Touchette; Emily C. Adams; Parker Laimbeer (Marine Biology, 2012)

Mouse large-scale phenotyping initiatives: overview of the European Mouse Disease Clinic (EUMODIC) and of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project - Abdel Ayadi; Marie-Christine Birling; Joanna Bottomley; James Bussell; Helmut Fuchs; Martin Fray; Valérie Gailus-Durner; Simon Greenaway; Richard Houghton; Natasha Karp; Sophie Leblanc; Christoph Lengger; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2012)

Mitochondrial involvement in sensory neuronal cell death and survival - Pavlos C. Englezou; Mauro Degli Esposti; Mikael Wiberg; Adam J. Reid; Giorgio Terenghi (Experimental Brain Research, 2012)

Molecular characterization of parathyroid tumors from two patients with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes - Adam Andreasson; Luqman Sulaiman; Sónia do Vale; João Martin Martins; Florbela Ferreira; Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltenyi; Lucas Batista; Felix Haglund; Erik Björck; Inga-Lena Nilsson; Anders Höög; Catharina Larsson; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2012)

Range expansion of nonindigenous caribou in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska - Mark A. Ricca; Floyd W. Weckerly; Adam Duarte; Jeffrey C. Williams (Biological Invasions, 2012)

Factors Driving Water Utility Rate Structure Choice: Evidence from Four Southern U.S. States - Christopher N. Boyer; Damian C. Adams; Tatiana Borisova; Christopher D. Clark (Water Resources Management, 2012)

Asymmetry of recurrent dynamics as a function of postural stance - Adam C. King; Zheng Wang; Karl M. Newell (Experimental Brain Research, 2012)

Depression as a risk factor for breast cancer: investigating methodological limitations in the literature - Patrick Pössel; Erica Adams; Jeffrey C. Valentine (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

High anxiety is a predisposing endophenotype for loss of control over cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration in rats - Ruth Dilleen; Yann Pelloux; Adam C. Mar; Anna Molander; Trevor W. Robbins; Barry J. Everitt; Jeffrey W. Dalley; David Belin (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Relationships between head morphology, bite performance and ecology in two species of Podarcis wall lizards - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou; Dean C. Adams; Arie van der Meijden; Ana Perera; Miguel A. Carretero (Evolutionary Ecology, 2012)

Fire Reinforces Structure of Pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium) Domes in a Wetland Landscape - Adam C. Watts; Leda N. Kobziar; James R. Snyder (Wetlands, 2012)

SIV-induced impairment of neurovascular repair: a potential role for VEGF - Gigi J. Ebenezer; Justin C. McArthur; Michael Polydefkis; Jamie L. Dorsey; Ryan O’Donnell; Peter Hauer; Robert J. Adams; Joseph L. Mankowski (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2012)

The development of 20 microsatellite loci for the Australian marine mollusk, Donax deltoides, through next generation DNA sequencing - Adam D. Miller; Vincent L. Versace; Ty Matthews; Kate C. Bowie (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2012)

Confounding and exposure measurement error in air pollution epidemiology - Lianne Sheppard; Richard T. Burnett; Adam A. Szpiro; Sun-Young Kim; Michael Jerrett; C Arden Pope; Bert Brunekreef (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2012)

Diffusion MRI and tensor tractography in ischemic optic neuropathy - C. Cauquil; R. Souillard-Scemama; M. Labetoulle; D. Adams; D. Ducreux; C. Denier (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2012)

Climate change projections and stratosphere–troposphere interaction - Adam A. Scaife; Thomas Spangehl; David R. Fereday; Ulrich Cubasch; Ulrike Langematz; Hideharu Akiyoshi; Slimane Bekki; Peter Braesicke; Neal Butchart; Martyn P. Chipperfield; Andrew Gettelman; Steven C. Hardiman; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2012)

Report on the 31st Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (SFTIC) - C. Dana Nelson; Randall J. Rousseau; Joshua P. Adams; M. Cetin Yuceer (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2012)

Early specification of GAD67 subventricular derived olfactory interneurons - Céline Plachez; Adam C. Puche (Journal of Molecular Histology, 2012)

Erratum to: Activity of cortical and thalamic neurons during the slow (<1 Hz) rhythm in the mouse in vivo - Vincenzo Crunelli; Magor L. Lőrincz; Ying Bao; Adam C. Errington; Stuart W. Hughes (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2012)

Genotypic Differences and Prior Defoliation Affect Re-Growth and Phytochemistry after Coppicing in Populus tremuloides - Michael T. Stevens; Adam C. Gusse; Richard L. Lindroth (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012)

Kin selection may contribute to lek evolution and trait introgression across an avian hybrid zone - MOIRA R. CONCANNON; ADAM C. STEIN; J. ALBERT C. UY (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Understanding the mechanism(s) that favour cooperation among individuals competing for the same resources provides direct insights into the evolution of grouping behaviour. In a hybrid zone between golden‐/yellow‐collared ( Manacus vitellinus ) and white‐collared ( Manacus candei ) manakins, males form aggregations composed of white and yellow males solely to attract females (‘mixed leks’). Previous work shows that yellow males in these mixed leks experience a clear mating advantage over white males, resulting in the preferential introgression of yellow plumage allele(s) into the white species. However, the yellow male mating advantage only occurs in mixed leks with high frequencies of yellow males, and only a few of these males probably mate. Hence, it remains unclear why unsuccessful males join leks. Here, we used microsatellite markers to estimate pairwise relatedness among males within and between leks to test whether indirect genetic benefits of helping kin (‘kin selection’) can promote grouping. We found that yellow males are significantly more related to each other within than between leks, while relatedness among white males did not differ within and between leks. This suggests that yellow males may indirectly enhance their own reproductive success by preferentially lekking with relatives because yellow plumage is under positive frequency‐dependent selection (positive FDS). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that kin selection may promote grouping and facilitate positive FDS for yellow males, mediating the movement of yellow plumage across this hybrid zone.

Arctic warming on two continents has consistent negative effects on lichen diversity and mixed effects on bryophyte diversity - Simone I. Lang; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Gaius R. Shaver; Matthias Ahrens; Terry V. Callaghan; Ulf Molau; Cajo J. F. Ter Braak; Adam Hölzer; Rien Aerts (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Little is known about the impact of changing temperature regimes on composition and diversity of cryptogam communities in the A rctic and S ubarctic, despite the well‐known importance of lichens and bryophytes to the functioning and climate feedbacks of northern ecosystems. We investigated changes in diversity and abundance of lichens and bryophytes within long‐term (9–16 years) warming experiments and along natural climatic gradients, ranging from S wedish subarctic birch forest and subarctic/subalpine tundra to A laskan arctic tussock tundra. In both S weden and A laska, lichen diversity responded negatively to experimental warming (with the exception of a birch forest) and to higher temperatures along climatic gradients. Bryophytes were less sensitive to experimental warming than lichens, but depending on the length of the gradient, bryophyte diversity decreased both with increasing temperatures and at extremely low temperatures. Among bryophytes, S phagnum mosses were particularly resistant to experimental warming in terms of both abundance and diversity. Temperature, on both continents, was the main driver of species composition within experiments and along gradients, with the exception of the S wedish subarctic birch forest where amount of litter constituted the best explanatory variable. In a warming experiment in moist acidic tussock tundra in A laska, temperature together with soil ammonium availability were the most important factors influencing species composition. Overall, dwarf shrub abundance (deciduous and evergreen) was positively related to warming but so were the bryophytes S phagnum girgensohnii , H ylocomium splendens and P leurozium schreberi ; the majority of other cryptogams showed a negative relationship to warming. This unique combination of intercontinental comparison, natural gradient studies and experimental studies shows that cryptogam diversity and abundance, especially within lichens, is likely to decrease under arctic climate warming. Given the many ecosystem processes affected by cryptogams in high latitudes (e.g. carbon sequestration, N 2 ‐fixation, trophic interactions), these changes will have important feedback consequences for ecosystem functions and climate.

Changes in the fish community of Loch Leven: untangling anthropogenic pressures - I. J. Winfield; C. E. Adams; J. D. Armstrong; R. Gardiner; A. Kirika; J. Montgomery; B. M. Spears; D. C. Stewart; J. E. Thorpe; W. Wilson (Hydrobiologia, 2012)

Particle laden flows through an inverted chimney with applications to ocean carbon sequestration - Aaron C. Chow; E. Eric Adams (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2012)

Are phenotypic traits useful for differentiating among a priori Coregonus taxa? - E. C. Etheridge; C. E. Adams; C. W. Bean; N. C. Durie; A. R. D. Gowans; C. Harrod; A. A. Lyle; P. S. Maitland; I. J. Winfield (Journal of Fish Biology, 2012)
A key for three putative species apparently found in three geographic areas, i.e. Coregonus clupeoides (in Scotland), Coregonus stigmaticus (in England), and Coregonus pennantii (in Wales) given in a recent review was tested quantitatively using 544 individuals from nine populations. The classification success of the key was very low (27%). It was concluded that there is currently no robust evidence for the recognition of the three putative species. Furthermore, the use of phenotypic characters alone to distinguish putative species in postglacial fish species such as those of the genus Coregonus that show homoplasy in many of these traits is questioned. In the absence of further evidence, it was concluded that a single highly variable species best describes the pattern of phenotypic variation in these U.K. populations. On this basis it is argued that taxonomic subdivision of U.K. European coregonids is inappropriate and that Coregonus lavaretus should prevail as the species name applicable to all populations.

Genetic analysis of adult plant, quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar ‘Stephens’ in multi-environment trials - M. Dolores Vazquez; C. James Peterson; Oscar Riera-Lizarazu; Xianming Chen; Adam Heesacker; Karim Ammar; Jose Crossa; Christopher C. Mundt (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2012)

Impulsive behaviour induced by both NMDA receptor antagonism and GABAA receptor activation in rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex - Emily R. Murphy; Anushka B. P. Fernando; Gonzalo P. Urcelay; Emma S. J. Robinson; Adam C. Mar; David E. H. Theobald; Jeffrey W. Dalley; Trevor W. Robbins (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

XYLEM INTERMIXED WITH PHLOEM1, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase required for stem growth and vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana - Anthony C. Bryan; Adam Obaidi; Michael Wierzba; Frans E. Tax (Planta, 2012)

Activity of cortical and thalamic neurons during the slow (<1 Hz) rhythm in the mouse in vivo - Vincenzo Crunelli; Magor L. Lőrincz; Adam C. Errington; Stuart W. Hughes (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2012)

From sleep spindles of natural sleep to spike and wave discharges of typical absence seizures: is the hypothesis still valid? - Nathalie Leresche; Régis C. Lambert; Adam C. Errington; Vincenzo Crunelli (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2012)

Foraging segregation and genetic divergence between geographically proximate colonies of a highly mobile seabird - Anne E. Wiley; Andreanna J. Welch; Peggy H. Ostrom; Helen F. James; Craig A. Stricker; Robert C. Fleischer; Hasand Gandhi; Josh Adams; David G. Ainley; Fern Duvall; Nick Holmes; Darcy Hu; et al. (Oecologia, 2012)

Haplotype structure in Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers - Kate M. Im; Tomas Kirchhoff; Xianshu Wang; Todd Green; Clement Y. Chow; Joseph Vijai; Joshua Korn; Mia M. Gaudet; Zachary Fredericksen; V. Shane Pankratz; Candace Guiducci; Andrew Crenshaw; et al. (Human Genetics, 2011)

The quantitative significance of Syntrophaceae and syntrophic partnerships in methanogenic degradation of crude oil alkanes - N. D. Gray; A. Sherry; R. J. Grant; A. K. Rowan; C. R. J. Hubert; C. M. Callbeck; C. M. Aitken; D. M. Jones; J. J. Adams; S. R. Larter; I. M. Head (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Libraries of 16S rRNA genes cloned from methanogenic oil degrading microcosms amended with North Sea crude oil and inoculated with estuarine sediment indicated that bacteria from the genera Smithella ( Deltaproteobacteria, Syntrophaceace ) and Marinobacter sp. ( Gammaproteobacteria ) were enriched during degradation. Growth yields and doubling times (36 days for both Smithella and Marinobacter ) were determined using qPCR and quantitative data on alkanes, which were the predominant hydrocarbons degraded. The growth yield of the Smithella sp. [0.020 g (cell‐C) /g (alkane‐C) ], assuming it utilized all alkanes removed was consistent with yields of bacteria that degrade hydrocarbons and other organic compounds in methanogenic consortia. Over 450 days of incubation predominance and exponential growth of Smithella was coincident with alkane removal and exponential accumulation of methane. This growth is consistent with Smithella's occurrence in near surface anoxic hydrocarbon degrading systems and their complete oxidation of crude oil alkanes to acetate and/or hydrogen in syntrophic partnership with methanogens in such systems. The calculated growth yield of the Marinobacter sp., assuming it grew on alkanes, was [0.0005 g (cell‐C) /g (alkane‐C) ] suggesting that it played a minor role in alkane degradation. The dominant methanogens were hydrogenotrophs ( Methanocalculus spp. from the Methanomicrobiales ). Enrichment of hydrogen‐oxidizing methanogens relative to acetoclastic methanogens was consistent with syntrophic acetate oxidation measured in methanogenic crude oil degrading enrichment cultures. qPCR of the Methanomicrobiales indicated growth characteristics consistent with measured rates of methane production and growth in partnership with Smithella .

Pre-clinical characterization of CX-4945, a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of CK2 for the treatment of cancer - Fabrice Pierre; Peter C. Chua; Sean E. O’Brien; Adam Siddiqui-Jain; Pauline Bourbon; Mustapha Haddach; Jerome Michaux; Johnny Nagasawa; Michael K. Schwaebe; Eric Stefan; Anne Vialettes; Jeffrey P. Whitten; et al. (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2011)

Evolution of the East Philippine Arc: experimental constraints on magmatic phase relations and adakitic melt formation - B. Coldwell; J. Adam; T. Rushmer; C. G. Macpherson (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2011)

Teaching in Contemporary Forest Resources Curricula: Applications to Courses in Forest Measurements and Biometrics - Hailemariam Temesgen; Bianca N.I. Eskelson; Thomas C. Maness; Darius M. Adams; Harold E. Burkhart (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
Foresters face new and evolving challenges as society reconsiders the balance of its interests between wood production and the provision of ecosystem services in the management of forests. Whatever paths this process may take, sound and broad-based decisions will continue to require accurate and relevant measurements of current forest conditions and projections of future conditions under alternative management programs. Forest measurements and biometrics (FMB) will remain a key component of future forest management and a critical element in the education of future forest managers. As professors who both teach and do research in FMB, we offer teaching goals that we believe will improve FMB education in forestry schools to meet future needs. In this article, we outline teaching goals for university-level instruction in forest resources curricula and the roles of FMB in modern forestry. We then identify what we feel are the most critical challenges in teaching and learning FMB and discuss selected strategies to meet teaching objectives for FMB. A fourth section presents an overview of how selected strategies can be integrated into FMB classes, including examples and comments on the role that new technology might play in meeting the aforementioned challenges. The final section summarizes our main points and provides concluding remarks.

Quantitative Genetics and Evolution of Head Shape in Plethodon Salamanders - Dean C. Adams (Evolutionary Biology, 2011)

Near real-time Feed On Offer (FOO) from MODIS for early season grazing management of Mediterranean annual pastures - Richard C. G. Smith; Matthew Adams; Stewart Gittins; Steve Gherardi; Duncan Wood; Stefan Maier; Richard Stovold; Graham Donald; Sarfraz Khohkar; Adrian Allen (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)

Linking plant growth responses across topographic gradients in tallgrass prairie - Jesse B. Nippert; Troy W. Ocheltree; Adam M. Skibbe; Laura C. Kangas; Jay M. Ham; Kira B. Shonkwiler Arnold; Nathaniel A. Brunsell (Oecologia, 2011)

Osteopontin enhances HIV replication and is increased in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected individuals - Amanda Brown; Tanzeem Islam; Robert Adams; Sujata Nerle; Masiray Kamara; Caitlin Eger; Karen Marder; Bruce Cohen; Giovanni Schifitto; Justin C. McArthur; Ned Sacktor; Carlos A. Pardo (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Hemodynamic Changes Quantified in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Increasing Exercise Intensity Using MR Exercise Imaging and Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics - Ga-Young Suh; Andrea S. Les; Adam S. Tenforde; Shawn C. Shadden; Ryan L. Spilker; Janice J. Yeung; Christopher P. Cheng; Robert J. Herfkens; Ronald L. Dalman; Charles A. Taylor (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

High impulsivity predicting vulnerability to cocaine addiction in rats: some relationship with novelty preference but not novelty reactivity, anxiety or stress - Anna C. Molander; Adam Mar; Agnes Norbury; Sarah Steventon; Margarita Moreno; Daniele Caprioli; David E. H. Theobald; David Belin; Barry J. Everitt; Trevor W. Robbins; Jeffrey W. Dalley (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

High-quality habitat and facilitation ameliorate competitive effects of prior residents on new settlers - Thomas C. Adam (Oecologia, 2011)

Culturable Rhodobacter and Shewanella species are abundant in estuarine turbidity maxima of the Columbia River - S. L. Bräuer; C. Adams; K. Kranzler; D. Murphy; M. Xu; P. Zuber; H. M. Simon; A. M. Baptista; B. M. Tebo (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Measurements of dissolved, ascorbate‐reducible and total Mn by ICP‐OES revealed significantly higher concentrations during estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) events, compared with non‐events in the Columbia River. Most probable number (MPN) counts of Mn‐oxidizing or Mn‐reducing heterotrophs were not statistically different from that of other heterotrophs (10 3 –10 4 cells ml −1 ) when grown in defined media, but counts of Mn oxidizers were significantly lower in nutrient‐rich medium (13 cells ml −1 ). MPN counts of Mn oxidizers were also significantly lower on Mn(III)‐pyrophosphate and glycerol (21 cells ml −1 ). Large numbers of Rhodobacter spp. were cultured from dilutions of 10 −2 to 10 −5 , and many of these were capable of Mn(III) oxidation. Up to c . 30% of the colonies tested LBB positive, and all 77 of the successfully sequenced LBB positive colonies (of varying morphology) yielded sequences related to Rhodobacter spp. qPCR indicated that a cluster of Rhodobacter isolates and closely related strains (95–99% identity) represented approximately 1–3% of the total Bacteria , consistent with clone library results. Copy numbers of SSU rRNA genes for either Rhodobacter spp. or Bacteria were four to eightfold greater during ETM events compared with non‐events. Strains of a Shewanella sp. were retrieved from the highest dilutions (10 −5 ) of Mn reducers, and were also capable of Mn oxidation. The SSU rRNA gene sequences from these strains shared a high identity score (98%) with sequences obtained in clone libraries. Our results support previous findings that ETMs are zones with high microbial activity. Results indicated that Shewanella and Rhodobacter species were present in environmentally relevant concentrations, and further demonstrated that a large proportion of culturable bacteria, including Shewanella and Rhodobacter spp., were capable of Mn cycling in vitro .

Quantification of Particle Residence Time in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics - Ga-Young Suh; Andrea S. Les; Adam S. Tenforde; Shawn C. Shadden; Ryan L. Spilker; Janice J. Yeung; Christopher P. Cheng; Robert J. Herfkens; Ronald L. Dalman; Charles A. Taylor (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Effects of acute pramipexole on preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats - Patrick S. Johnson; Gregory J. Madden; Adam T. Brewer; Jonathan W. Pinkston; Stephen C. Fowler (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Intra-seasonal variation in foraging behavior among Adélie penguins (Pygocelis adeliae) breeding at Cape Hallett, Ross Sea, Antarctica - P. O’B. Lyver; C. J. MacLeod; G. Ballard; B. J. Karl; K. J. Barton; J. Adams; D. G. Ainley; P. R. Wilson (Polar Biology, 2011)

An hTERT-immortalized human urothelial cell line that responds to anti-proliferative factor - Jayoung Kim; Mihee Ji; Joseph A. DiDonato; Raymond R. Rackley; Mei Kuang; Provash C. Sadhukhan; Joshua R. Mauney; Susan K. Keay; Michael R. Freeman; Louis S. Liou; Rosalyn M. Adam (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2011)

Prevalence of a calcium‐based alkaline phosphatase associated with the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and other ocean bacteria - Satish Kathuria; Adam C. Martiny (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Phosphate plays a key role in regulating primary productivity in several regions of the world's oceans and here dissolved organic phosphate can be an important phosphate source. A key enzyme for utilizing dissolved organic phosphate is alkaline phosphatase and the pho A‐type of this enzyme has a zinc cofactor. As the dissolved zinc concentration is low in phosphate depleted environments, this has led to the hypothesis that some phytoplankton may be zinc‐P co‐limited. Recently, it was shown that many marine bacteria contain an alternative form of alkaline phosphatase called pho X, but it is unclear which marine lineages carry this enzyme. Here, we describe the occurrence in low phosphate environments of pho X that is associated with uncultured Prochlorococcus and SAR11 cells. Through heterologous expression, we demonstrate that pho X encodes an active phosphatase with a calcium cofactor. The enzyme also functions with magnesium and copper, whereas cobalt, manganese, nickel and zinc inhibit enzyme activity to various degrees. We also find that uncultured SAR11 cells and cyanophages contain a different alkaline phosphatase related to a variant present in several Prochlorococcus isolates. Overall, the results suggest that many bacterial lineages including Prochlorococcus and SAR11 may not be subject to zinc‐P co‐limitation.

Patterns of crop-raiding by elephants, Loxodonta africana , in Laikipia, Kenya, and the management of human–elephant conflict - MAXIMILIAN D. GRAHAM; BENEDIKT NOTTER; WILLIAM M. ADAMS; PHYLLIS C. LEE; TOBIAS NYUMBA OCHIENG (Systematics and Biodiversity, 2010)

Recreational physical activity, anthropometric factors, and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a cohort of postmenopausal women - Geoffrey C. Kabat; Mimi Kim; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Dorothy Lane; Lucile L. Adams-Campbell; Mia Gaudet; Marcia L. Stefanick; Mara Vitolins; Rowan T. Chlebowski; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller; Thomas E. Rohan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Sexual Selection, Ontogenetic Acceleration, and Hypermorphosis Generates Male Trimorphism in Wellington Tree Weta - Clint D. Kelly; Dean C. Adams (Evolutionary Biology, 2010)

Has habitat heterogeneity promoted phenotypic and ecological sub‐structuring among a Coregonus lavaretus population in a large Scottish lake? - E. C. Etheridge; C. Harrod; C. W. Bean; C. E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2010)
Differences in stable‐isotope values, morphology and ecology in whitefish Coregonus lavaretus were investigated between the three basins of Loch Lomond. The results are discussed with reference to a genetic investigation to elucidate any substructuring or spawning site fidelity. Foraging fidelity between basins of Loch Lomond was indicated by δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of C. lavaretus muscle tissue. There was, however, no evidence of the existence of sympatric morphs in the C. lavaretus population. A previous report of two C. lavaretus ‘species’ in Loch Lomond probably reflects natural variation between individuals within a single mixed population.

Ecological boundary detection using Bayesian areal wombling - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick; Evan L. Preisser; Adam Porter; Joseph Elkinton; Lance A. Waller; Bradley P. Carlin; Aaron M. Ellison (Ecology, 2010)
The study of ecological boundaries and their dynamics is of fundamental importance to much of ecology, biogeography, and evolution. Over the past two decades, boundary analysis (of which wombling is a subfield) has received considerable research attention, resulting in multiple approaches for the quantification of ecological boundaries. Nonetheless, few methods have been developed that can simultaneously (1) analyze spatially homogenized data sets (i.e., areal data in the form of polygons rather than point‐reference data); (2) account for spatial structure in these data and uncertainty associated with them; and (3) objectively assign probabilities to boundaries once detected. Here we describe the application of a Bayesian hierarchical framework for boundary detection developed in public health, which addresses these issues but which has seen limited application in ecology. As examples, we analyze simulated spread data and the historic pattern of spread of an invasive species, the hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ), using county‐level summaries of the year of first reported infestation and several covariates potentially important to influencing the observed spread dynamics. Bayesian areal wombling is a promising approach for analyzing ecological boundaries and dynamics related to changes in the distributions of native and invasive species.