Putting seedlings on the map: Trade‐offs in demographic rates between ontogenetic size classes in five tropical forests - Stephan Kambach; Helge Bruelheide; Liza S. Comita; Richard Condit; S. Joseph Wright; Salomón Aguilar; Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang; Yu‐Yun Chen; Nancy C. Garwood; Stephen P. Hubbell; Pei‐Jen Luo; Margaret R. Metz; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
All species must partition resources among the processes that underly growth, survival, and reproduction. The resulting demographic trade‐offs constrain the range of viable life‐history strategies and are hypothesized to promote local coexistence. Tropical forests pose ideal systems to study demographic trade‐offs as they have a high diversity of coexisting tree species whose life‐history strategies tend to align along two orthogonal axes of variation: a growth–survival trade‐off that separates species with fast growth from species with high survival and a stature–recruitment trade‐off that separates species that achieve large stature from species with high recruitment. As these trade‐offs have typically been explored for trees ≥1 cm dbh, it is unclear how species' growth and survival during earliest seedling stages are related to the trade‐offs for trees ≥1 cm dbh. Here, we used principal components and correlation analyses to (1) determine the main demographic trade‐offs among seed‐to‐seedling transition rates and growth and survival rates from the seedling to overstory size classes of 1188 tree species from large‐scale forest dynamics plots in Panama, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, Taiwan, and Malaysia and (2) quantify the predictive power of maximum dbh, wood density, seed mass, and specific leaf area for species' position along these demographic trade‐off gradients. In four out of five forests, the growth–survival trade‐off was the most important demographic trade‐off and encompassed growth and survival of both seedlings and trees ≥1 cm dbh. The second most important trade‐off separated species with relatively fast growth and high survival at the seedling stage from species with relatively fast growth and high survival ≥1 cm dbh. The relationship between seed‐to‐seedling transition rates and these two trade‐off aces differed between sites. All four traits were significant predictors for species' position along the two trade‐off gradients, albeit with varying importance. We concluded that, after accounting for the species' position along the growth–survival trade‐off, tree species tend to trade off growth and survival at the seedling with later life stages. This ontogenetic trade‐off offers a mechanistic explanation for the stature–recruitment trade‐off that constitutes an additional ontogenetic dimension of life‐history variation in species‐rich ecosystems.

The influence of lightning on insect and fungal dynamics in a lowland tropical forest - Kane A. Lawhorn; Jeannine H. Richards; Evan M. Gora; Jeffrey C. Burchfield; Phillip M. Bitzer; Cesar Gutierrez; Stephen P. Yanoviak (Ecology, 2025)
Lightning strikes are a common source of disturbance in tropical forests, and a typical strike generates large quantities of dead wood. Lightning‐damaged trees are a consistent resource for tropical saproxylic (i.e., dead wood‐dependent) organisms, but patterns of consumer colonization and succession following lightning strikes are not known. Here, we documented the occurrence of four common consumer taxa spanning multiple trophic levels—beetles, Azteca ants, termites, and fungi—in lightning strike sites and nearby undamaged control sites over time in a lowland forest of Panama. Beetle abundance was 10 times higher in lightning strike sites than in paired control sites, and beetle assemblages were compositionally distinct. Those in strike sites were initially dominated by bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Platypodinae, Scolytinae); bark and ambrosia beetles, and predaceous taxa increased in abundance relatively synchronously. Beetle activity and fungal fruiting bodies, respectively, were 3.8 and 12.2 times more likely to be observed in lightning‐damaged trees in strike sites versus undamaged trees in paired control sites, whereas the occurrence probabilities of Azteca ants and termites were similar between damaged trees in lightning strike sites and undamaged trees in control sites. Tree size also was important; larger dead trees in strike sites were more likely to support beetles, termites, and fungal fruiting bodies, and larger trees—regardless of mortality status—were more likely to host Azteca . Beetle presence was associated with higher rates of subsequent fungal presence, providing some evidence of beetle‐associated priority effects on colonization patterns. These results suggest that lightning plays a key role in supporting tropical insect and fungal consumers by providing localized patches of suitable habitat. Any climate‐driven changes in lightning frequency in tropical forests will likely affect a broad suite of consumer organisms, potentially altering ecosystem‐level processes.

Case Series of Cerebellar Ataxia with Tremor Due to Heterozygous STUB1 Variants (SCA48) without TBP Expansions: Further Evidence for SCA48 as a Monogenic Disease - Yan Zochowski; Kishore R. Kumar; Matthew Katz; Paul Darveniza; Michel Tchan; Renee Smyth; Susan Tomlinson; Kathy H. C. Wu; Stephen Tisch (The Cerebellum, 2024)

Circulating small extracellular vesicles as blood-based biomarkers of muscle health in aging nonhuman primates - Shalini Mishra; Ashish Kumar; Yangen He; Yixin Su; Sangeeta Singh; Mark F. Santos; Rakesh Singh; Jingyun Lee; Cristina M. Furdui; Carol A. Shively; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; Thomas C. Register; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
Age-associated loss of muscle mass and function and subsequent mobility decline define poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and mortality risk. The rate and extent of aging-related muscle loss varies across older adults. It is challenging to understand the molecular pathogenesis of mobility decline, as anthropometric and imaging techniques, primarily used in muscle function assessment, do not offer much molecular information. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are lipid membrane-bound, nano-sized (≤ 200 nm) vesicles which carry a wide array of biomolecules as their cargo. sEV contain cell/tissue-specific signatures on their surface and can be isolated from biofluids. These properties pose sEV as a minimally invasive means to monitor the functional and biological health of difficult-to-access tissues, establishing them as a promising liquid biopsy tool. Here, we first isolated skeletal muscle-derived sEV (sEV SKM ) from the serum of vervet monkeys (16 to < 25 years old) using alpha sarcoglycan (SGCA) as a muscle-specific sEV surface marker. sEV SKM were extensively characterized for size, concentration, purity, and specificity. Further, sEV SKM isolated from young (11–15 years) and old (25–29 years) monkeys’ serum were characterized for oxidized proteins by mass spectrometry and miRNAs by small-RNAseq. Notably, the analysis of oxidized proteins indicated perturbation of metabolic pathways, actin cytoskeleton, muscle cytoskeleton regulation, and HIF-1 signaling in older monkeys. Furthermore, small-RNAseq analysis identified differential expression of several miRNAs regulating metabolic pathways, inflammation, and stress signaling. Altogether, these results suggest that it is feasible to isolate sEV SKM and use them to identify molecular biomarkers that reflect the physiological state of muscle tissue.

Structured decision-making shows broad support from diverse stakeholders for habitat conservation and restoration in Kenya’s Central Highlands - Gwili E.M. Gibbon; Martin Dallimer; Hassan Golo; Humphrey Munene; Charlene A. Wandera; Monda N. Edson; Jane C. Gachura; Tim Hobbs; Festus Ihwagi; Stephen R. Ikhamati; Samson K. Ikiara; David Kimathi; et al. (Land Use Policy, 2024)

Geographic bias effects on interpretations of secular trends of Hf isotope times series in zircons - Kent C. Condie; Stephen J. Puetz; Kurt E. Sundell; Sergei A. Pisarevsky; Christopher J. Spencer; Nick M.W. Roberts (Lithos, 2024)

Effectiveness of ozone nanobubble treatments on high biomass cyanobacterial blooms: A mesocosm experiment and field trial - Justin D. Chaffin; David E. Berthold; Eugene C. Braig; Josh D. Fuchs; Rachel S. Gabor; Stephen J. Jacquemin; Haley E. Kuhn; Lillian D. Labus; H. Dail Laughinghouse; Forrest W. Lefler; Heath E. Mash; Heather A. Raymond; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Massively parallel axisymmetric fluid model for streamer discharges - A. Fierro; A. Alibalazadeh; J. Stephens; C. Moore (Computer Physics Communications, 2024)

Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Implications of Climatic Drying on the Aquatic Habitat and Aestivation Sites of an Endemic Freshwater Turtle - Anthony Santoro; Stephen J. Beatty; Jane M. Chambers; Brendan C. Ebner (Wetlands, 2024)

Radiation Oncology Resident Education: Is Change Needed? - J. M. Bryant; Kara C. Madey; Stephen A. Rosenberg; Jessica M. Frakes; Sarah E. Hoffe (Journal of Cancer Education, 2024)

Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes - Rachel Tan; Courtney Merrill; Chandler F. Riley; Maya A. Hammer; Ryan T. Kenney; Alyssa A. Riley; Jeffrey Li; Alexandra C. Zink; Sean T. Karl; Katherine M. Price; Luka K. Sharabidze; Samantha N. Rowland; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute nitrate (NO 3 − )-rich beetroot juice ingestion on explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, oral microbiota composition, and cognitive flexibility (i.e., function), before and after maximal intermittent running exercise. Fifteen women team-sport athletes were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume concentrated NO 3 – -depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.1 mmol NO 3 − ) and NO 3 − -rich beetroot juice (BR; 12.0 mmol NO 3 − ) 2.5 h prior to performing a battery of exercise performance tasks and cognitive testing before and after the Yo–Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) running test. Resting plasma [NO 3 − ] and plasma nitrite ([NO 2 − ]) were elevated following BR ( P < 0.001). BR did not impact global composition or relative abundance of taxa in the oral microbiome ( P > 0.05) or cognitive flexibility before or after exercise ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in performance during 20-m (PRE, PL: 4.38 ± 0.27 vs. BR: 4.38 ± 0.32 s; POST, PL: 4.45 ± 0.29 vs. BR: 4.43 ± 0.35 s) and 10-m sprints (PRE, PL 2.78 ± 0.15 vs. BR 2.79 ± 0.18 s; POST, PL: 2.82 ± 0.16 vs. BR: 2.81 ± 0.19 s), isokinetic handgrip dynamometry, medicine ball throw, horizontal countermovement jump, or YYIR1 (PL: 355 ± 163 m vs. BR: 368 ± 184 m) between BR and PL ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate that acute dietary NO 3 − may not influence the oral microbiome, explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, or cognitive function in women team-sport athletes.

Ecomorphology of Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus osseus): on the influence of size, sex, and river location - Jason C. Doll; Ian Fisher; Aaron Selby; Stephen J. Jacquemin; Daniel Sinopoli; Solomon R. David (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2024)
Ecomorphology is essential to understanding the evolution and biogeography of species. However, morphological studies that focus on nongame or ‘rough’ fish groups such as Gar (Lepisosteidae), outside of a phylogenetic context, are comparatively rare. Herein, we investigate the effects of sex, size, and location in a river to assess the potential for sexual dimorphism, allometry, habitat, or some combination to drive observed morphologic variation. Our dataset includes 230 Longnose Gars ( Lepisosteus osseus ) made up of both males and females of a wide range of sizes collected from three different sites corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower Great Pee Dee River in South Carolina. Dorsal and lateral photographs were taken from each specimen and landmarked for 2D geometric morphometric analyses. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) were also conducted on a few linear trusses to compare the accuracy of sex-related shape aspects that emerged from morphometrics as a possible field-based tool to help fisheries managers understand their stock populations. Overall, location was a statistically significant predictor of shape, yet the differences were not biologically meaningful. Additionally, sex and size were strong predictors of shape, with the greatest differences seen in the largest individuals. DFA of field measurements found that the Snout Length-to-Total Length ratio accurately predicted sex 71% of the time, with females having longer snouts than males. Differences in ratio between sexes can allow tentative sex assignments without lethal gonadal inspection. This study presents the first standardized whole-body 2D geometric morphometrics protocol for Longnose Gar.

The mitochondrial genomes of the reef-dwelling spiny lobsters Panulirus echinatus and Panulirus interruptus with insights into the phylogeny and adaptive evolution of protein-coding genes in the Achelata - Alyssa M. Baker; Natalie C. Stephens; Fabio Mendonca Diniz; F. J. García-de León; J. Antonio Baeza (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Temperature and oxygen levels drive the evolution of morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits in marine invertebrates, including crustaceans. Environmental conditions are also expected to prompt the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs), which are vital for energy production via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. We formally tested for adaptive evolution in mitochondrial protein-coding genes in representatives of the decapod infraorder Achelata, including two spiny lobsters, Panulirus echinatus and P. interruptus , for which we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes (15,644 and 15,659 bp long, respectively). A phylomitogenomic analysis supported the monophyly of the genus Panulirus , the families Palinuridae and Scyllaridae, and the infraorder Achelata. Over the strong negative selection background observed for mitochondrial PCGs in the Achelata, signatures of positive selective pressure were detected within PCGs in equatorial Panulirus spp. and deepwater Scyllaridae. In Panulirus spp. inhabiting equatorial latitudes with consistently high temperatures, the Datamonkey analysis RELAX suggested intensified purifying selection strength in 9 of the 13 PCGs and relaxation in purifying selection strength in atp6 , while aBSREL, BUSTED, and MEME recovered signatures of positive selection on PCGs within Complex I, III, and IV PCGs. Likewise, in Scyllaridae species inhabiting depths with low-oxygen levels, RELAX indicated relaxed selection strength in 6 of the 13 PCGs, while aBSREL, BUSTED, and MEME recovered signatures of positive selection on PCGs within Complexes I, III, IV, and V. The newly assembled mitochondrial genomes of P. echinatus and P. interruptus represent new genomic resources to aid with the conservation and management of lobsters targeted by major fisheries and contribute to our understanding of how environmental conditions drive adaptive evolution in spiny and slipper lobster mitochondrial PCGs.

Building meaningful collaboration in conservation genetics and genomics - Robyn E. Shaw; Brittany Brockett; Jennifer C. Pierson; Stephen D. Sarre; Paula Doyle; Hannah B. Cliff; Mark D. B. Eldridge; Kimberly A. Miller; Kym Ottewell; Marissa L. Parrott; Maurizio Rossetto; Paul Sunnucks; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2024)
Genetic diversity is the foundation of biodiversity, and preserving it is therefore fundamental to conservation practice. However, global conservation efforts face significant challenges integrating genetic and genomic approaches into applied management and policy. As collaborative partnerships are increasingly recognized as key components of successful conservation efforts, we explore their role and relevance in the Australian context, by engaging with key entities from across the conservation sector, including academia, botanic gardens, herbaria, seed banks, governmental/non-governmental organisations, private industry, museums, Traditional Owners, Indigenous rangers, and zoos and aquaria. By combining perspectives from these entities with comprehensive literature review, we identified five guiding principles for conservation genetic and genomic research and explored the different elements of, and approaches to, collaboration. Our reflections suggest that there is a substantial overlap in research interests across the Australian conservation sector, and our findings show that collaboration is increasing. We discuss approaches to building collaborative partnerships, the reciprocal benefits of collaborating, and some remaining challenges associated with data generation, data collection, and cross-cultural considerations. We emphasise the need for long-term national resourcing for sample and data storage and consistency in collecting, generating and reporting genetic data. While informed by the Australian experience, our goal is to support researchers and practitioners to foster meaningful collaborations that achieve measurable management outcomes in conservation genetics and genomics, both in Australia and globally.

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of chemoresistance in paediatric pre–B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - Caleb B. Lill; Stephen Fitter; Andrew C. W. Zannettino; Kate Vandyke; Jacqueline E. Noll (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2024)
Paediatric patients with relapsed B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) have poor prognosis, as relapse-causing clones are often refractory to common chemotherapeutics. While the molecular mechanisms leading to chemoresistance are varied, significant evidence suggests interactions between B-ALL blasts and cells within the bone marrow microenvironment modulate chemotherapy sensitivity. Importantly, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM adipocytes are known to support B-ALL cells through multiple distinct molecular mechanisms. This review discusses the contribution of integrin-mediated B-ALL/BM-MSC signalling and asparagine supplementation in B-ALL chemoresistance. In addition, the role of adipocytes in sequestering anthracyclines and generating a BM niche favourable for B-ALL survival is explored. Furthermore, this review discusses the role of BM-MSCs and adipocytes in promoting a quiescent and chemoresistant B-ALL phenotype. Novel treatments which target these mechanisms are discussed herein, and are needed to improve dismal outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory disease.

Characterizing variability in geochemistry and mineralogy of western US dust sources - Abby L. Mangum; Gregory T. Carling; Barry R. Bickmore; Nicholas Webb; DeTiare L. Leifi; Janice Brahney; Diego P. Fernandez; Kevin A. Rey; Stephen T. Nelson; Landon Burgener; Joshua J. LeMonte; Alyssa N. Thompson; et al. (Aeolian Research, 2024)

Artificial Light Increases Nighttime Prevalence of Predatory Fishes, Altering Community Composition on Coral Reefs - Emma Weschke; Jules Schligler; Isla Hely; Thibaut Roost; Jo‐Ann Schies; Ben Williams; Bartosz Dworzanski; Suzanne C. Mills; Ricardo Beldade; Stephen D. Simpson; Andrew N. Radford (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an anthropogenic pollutant that is intensifying and expanding in marine environments, but experimental studies of community‐level effects are generally lacking. The inshore, shallow, and clear‐water locations of coral reefs and their diverse photosensitive inhabitants make these ecosystems highly susceptible to biological disturbances; at the same time, their biodiversity and accessibility make them model systems for wider insight. Here, we experimentally manipulated ALAN using underwater LED lights on a Polynesian reef system to investigate the influence on localised nighttime fish communities compared to control sites without ALAN. We collected infrared video censuses of baseline communities prior to manipulation, which we repeated following short‐term (mean of three nights) and prolonged (mean of 25 nights) exposures to ALAN. Short‐term ALAN exposure did not induce any significant alterations to the nighttime fish community, but prolonged ALAN exposure increased nighttime species richness. Species compositions exposed to prolonged ALAN were more dissimilar from their baseline compared to control sites. The difference between community compositions at prolonged ALAN exposure and control sites was not apparent at the family level; instead, it was observed from the composition of trait guilds. Following prolonged ALAN exposure, more diurnal and nocturnal predatory species (piscivores, invertivores, and planktivores)—particularly those that are site‐attached or mobile within reefs—were present in nighttime assemblages. Our experimental findings show that coastal ALAN could cause trophic imbalances and circadian disturbances in localised nighttime reef fish communities. Given that community‐wide consequences were only apparent after prolonged ALAN exposure suggests that management of the duration of artificial lighting could potentially be used to reduce impacts on marine ecosystems.

Kinorhynch assemblages on the southern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf - Abril Anguas-Escalante; Alberto De Jesús-Navarrete; Stephen C. Landers; Martin V. Sørensen (Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2024)

Linking reservoir annual residence time to nitrogen deposition using paleolimnological techniques - Benjamin C. Webster; Matthew N. Waters; Stephen W. Golladay (Water Research, 2024)

Corrigendum to “A chemical weathering and paleoclimatic reconstruction of the early Cambrian environment of the Wyoming Craton from the Wind River Canyon, WY paleosol on the Great Unconformity” [Precambr. Res. 409 (2024) 107447] - Zhihong Huang; Stephen C. Peters; Frank J. Pazzaglia; Madison Hernandez (Precambrian Research, 2024)

A stringent failure: Regulators do not use available tools to protect aquatic ecosystems from clearcut forestry impacts in New Zealand - Stephen C. Urlich; Mawardah Nur Hanifiyani (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Technological advances have enhanced and expanded conservation genomics research but are yet to be integrated fully into biodiversity management - Linda E. Neaves; Brittany M. Brockett; Maldwyn J. Evans; Jennifer C. Pierson; Stephen D. Sarre (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Effect of mGluR2 and mGluR2/3 activators on parkinsonism in the MPTP-lesioned non-human primate - Imane Frouni; Cynthia Kwan; Dominique Bédard; Adjia Hamadjida; Woojin Kang; Sébastien Belliveau; Stephen G. Nuara; Jim C. Gourdon; Philippe Huot (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2024)

Positive allosteric mGluR2 modulation with BINA alleviates dyskinesia and psychosis-like behaviours in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset - Woojin Kang; Imane Frouni; Dominique Bédard; Cynthia Kwan; Adjia Hamadjida; Stephen G. Nuara; Jim C. Gourdon; Philippe Huot (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2024)

Atmospheric patterns associated with summer sub-daily rainfall extremes in western Europe - Anna C. Whitford; Stephen Blenkinsop; Hayley J. Fowler (Climate Dynamics, 2024)
Large-scale atmospheric circulations are a significant driver of rainfall extremes. However, little attention has so far been devoted to understanding how large-scale circulation patterns influence sub-daily rainfall extremes. Using a gauge-based sub-daily rainfall dataset, we investigate the relationship between large-scale circulations and 3-hour extremes (defined here as ≥ 40 mm rainfall in 3 h) for western Europe. A set of 30 weather patterns (WPs) developed by the UK Met Office and reanalysis data of geopotential height at 500 hPa (z500) are used to represent large-scale atmospheric conditions. Strong associations with 3-hour extremes are found for a small number of WPs: over 50% of 3-hour rainfall extremes across Western Europe occur with just 5 WPs. Composites of z500 reveal the WPs resulting in southerly or south-westerly flow along the leading edge of a trough, accompanied by a ridge to the east or northeast, are most favourable for sub-daily rainfall extremes, with a statistically significant difference between the atmospheric conditions on WP days with a 3-hour extreme rainfall event compared to WP non-event days. Given that large-scale circulations are predictable much further in advance than individual extreme rainfall events, these identified relationships could therefore have important implications for forecasting, aiding in the early identification of periods with increased risk of short-duration rainfall extremes.

Complementary value of molecular, phenotypic, and functional aging biomarkers in dementia prediction - Andreas Engvig; Karl Trygve Kalleberg; Lars T. Westlye; Esten Høyland Leonardsen; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for differentiating cognitively normal controls (CN) from dementia patients in a held-out test set. When combined with clinical biomarkers (apolipoprotein E ε4 allele count, memory, executive function), a model including aBA and aFI predicted 5-year dementia risk among MCI patients with an out-of-sample AUC of 0.88. In the prognostic model, BA and FI offered complementary value (both β s 0.50). The tested MAs did not improve predictions. Results were consistent across FI algorithms, with data-driven health deficit selection yielding the best performance. FI had a stronger adverse effect on prognosis in males, while BA’s impact was greater in females. Our findings highlight the complementary value of BA and FI in dementia prediction. The results support a multidimensional view of dementia, including an intertwined relationship between the biomarkers, sex, and prognosis. The tested MA’s limited contribution suggests caution in their use for individual risk assessment of dementia.

Financial innovation for climate justice: central banks and transformative ‘creative disruption’ - Jennie C. Stephens; Martin Sokol (Climate and Development, 2024)

The weather determined how ‘hot’ the tick paralysis season was in eastern Australia: 2018–2024 - Ernest J.M. Teo; Heather Russell; Tracey Lambert; Robert Webster; Amanda Yappa; Phillip McDonagh; Gavin Harper; Dayana Barker; Ryo Nakao; Stephen C. Barker (Veterinary Parasitology, 2024)

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and in situ CO2 data suggest a larger seasonal amplitude of the terrestrial carbon cycle compared to many dynamic global vegetation models - Ruixue Lei; Jeralyn Poe; Deborah Huntzinger; Junjie Liu; Stephen Stich; David F. Baker; Leyang Feng; Dylan C. Gaeta; Ziting Huang; Scot M. Miller (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Time-lapse surveys reveal patterns and processes of erosion by exceptionally powerful turbidity currents that flush submarine canyons: A case study of the Congo Canyon - Sean C. Ruffell; Peter J. Talling; Megan L. Baker; Ed L. Pope; Maarten S. Heijnen; Ricardo Silva Jacinto; Matthieu J.B. Cartigny; Stephen M. Simmons; Michael A. Clare; Catharina J. Heerema; Claire McGhee; Sophie Hage; et al. (Geomorphology, 2024)

Melting of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Beryllium Isotope Ratios of Marine Sediment - Zihan Huang; Bethany C. Behrens; Yosuke Miyairi; Takahiro Aze; Stephen Obrochta; Takato Takemura; Reisuke Kondo; Alexandra Post; Leanne K. Armand; Philip O'Brien; Amy Leventer; Yusuke Yokoyama (Global and Planetary Change, 2024)

Evaluation of techniques for controlling non-native sea lavenders in California coastal salt marshes - Carolyn H. Lieberman; Stephen C. Schroeter; Paul Hormick; Henry M. Page (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2024)
Two species of non-native sea lavender, Limonium ramosissimum (Poir.) Maire (Algerian sea lavender) and Limonium duriusculum (Girard) Fourr. (European sea lavender) are prolific invaders of California salt marshes. We examined the efficacy of three non-herbicide treatments [tarping, selective removal (hand pulling), and scraping], and one herbicide (Telar®) treatment, in eliminating L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum , as well as treatment impacts to native vegetation within three southern California salt marshes. Our experiments demonstrated that the non-herbicide treatments initially suppressed cover of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum to near zero but varied over time in their suppression of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum , and their effects on native species. Depending on the tarping duration, tarping eradicates L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum at least a year post treatment with little to no long-term negative impacts to native vegetation. Selective removal had minimal effect on native species but did not consistently suppress L. duriusulum over time. Scraping eradicates L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum ; however, its negative impacts on native species make it an undesirable treatment across large areas. The herbicide treatment was not as effective in suppressing L. ramosissimum , either initially or over time, and it negatively impacted native species. Our findings support the use of tarping as the primary management method to control or eradicate dense infestations of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum in salt marshes. We suggest that a combination of tarping and selective removal be used to control L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum in areas of lower infestation.

Molecular and morphological support for transferring the tropical African species of Gnidia to Lasiosiphon (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) and a worldwide synopsis of the species - Oluwayemisi D. Olaniyan; J. Stephen Boatwright; Anthony R. Magee; John C. Manning; Michelle van der Bank (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2024)
Lasiosiphon Fresen. (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) is now understood to be a morphologically diverse genus distributed across southern and tropical Africa, Madagascar, and India. It is diagnosed morphologically by ± involucrate, mostly pedunculate heads of pentamerous or tetramerous flowers, with or without petaloid scales, and a bright yellow, orange, or red corolla. The taxonomic history of Lasiosiphon has been marked by several revisions in its circumscription and status, particularly regarding its relationship with Gnidia L. Our phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS) and plastid ( mat K , rbc L , rps 16 and trn L-F) regions of an expanded sampling of the tropical African species of Gnidia provides compelling supporting evidence for existing morphological evidence to include all the tropical African species of Gnidia in Lasiosiphon . We accordingly provide 31 new combinations in Lasiosiphon for species of Gnidia that currently lack combinations in that genus. We also provide a comprehensive nomenclator of all currently recognized Lasiosiphon species at the regional level encompassing their distribution across different geographic regions globally. This will serve as the framework for future taxonomic revisions in the genus.

Warming reduces trophic diversity in high‐latitude food webs - Michelle C. Jackson; Eoin J. O'Gorman; Bruno Gallo; Sarah F. Harpenslager; Kate Randall; Danielle N. Harris; Hannah Prentice; Mark Trimmer; Ian Sanders; Alex J. Dumbrell; Tom C. Cameron; Katrin Layer‐Dobra; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
The physical effects of climate warming have been well documented, but the biological responses are far less well known, especially at the ecosystem level and at large (intercontinental) scales. Global warming over the next century is generally predicted to reduce food web complexity, but this is rarely tested empirically due to the dearth of studies isolating the effects of temperature on complex natural food webs. To overcome this obstacle, we used ‘natural experiments’ across 14 streams in Iceland and Russia, with natural warming of up to 20°C above the coldest stream in each high‐latitude region, where anthropogenic warming is predicted to be especially rapid. Using biomass‐weighted stable isotope data, we found that community isotopic divergence (a universal, taxon‐free measure of trophic diversity) was consistently lower in warmer streams. We also found a clear shift towards greater assimilation of autochthonous carbon, which was driven by increasing dominance of herbivores but without a concomitant increase in algal stocks. Overall, our results support the prediction that higher temperatures will simplify high‐latitude freshwater ecosystems and provide the first mechanistic glimpses of how warming alters energy transfer through food webs at intercontinental scales.

Local molecular and connectomic contributions of tau-related neurodegeneration - Fardin Nabizadeh; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; Robert C. Green; Andrew J. Saykin; John Morris; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Biologging reveals rapid movements of harbour seals between freshwater and marine habitats in the subarctic - Katie R.N. Florko; David J. Yurkowski; C-Jae C. Breiter; Steven H. Ferguson; Holly E.L. Gamblin; Adam Grottoli; Andrea Nace; Courtney R. Shuert; Stephen D. Petersen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Biologging tools can provide invaluable information on the movement and behaviour of animals, facilitating the elucidation of ecological dynamics, especially for wide-ranging species, and supporting conservation and management efforts. Harbour seals ( Phoca vitulina ) exhibit extensive habitat plasticity in their vast range across the northern hemisphere, with likely recent increases in abundance at northern latitudes, yet details of their movement behaviour in subarctic areas remain largely unknown. We used satellite-telemetry data, including nearly 5,000 locations and over 12,000 dives, obtained from six harbour seals tagged in western Hudson Bay from 2021 to 2023, to address the knowledge gap on their movement behaviour between marine and freshwater habitats in subarctic regions. We document the behavioural patterns, transit speeds, and diverse aquatic system usage, including detailed records of a harbour seal track traversing over 170 km upriver on three separate trips along the Seal River, Canada. Notably, we observed a rapid downstream transit from the Seal River to Hudson Bay, covering 214 km within a single day. Additionally, we highlight the prevalence of short dive durations in the Seal and Churchill Rivers, in contrast to longer dive durations in Hudson Bay. These insights complement existing evidence of harbour seal occurrences and river use at northern latitudes, as well as enhance our understanding of harbour seal movement ecology within Hudson Bay which can be used to better inform conservation and management strategies between connected freshwater and marine environments in the Arctic.

Improving impact assessments to reduce impacts of deep-sea fisheries on vulnerable marine ecosystems - Laura Kaikkonen; Teresa Amaro; Peter J. Auster; David M. Bailey; James B. Bell; Angelika Brandt; Malcolm R. Clark; Jeffrey C. Drazen; Cherisse Du Preez; Elva Escobar-Briones; Eva Giacomello; Matthew Gianni; et al. (Marine Policy, 2024)

Nitrifier controls on soil NO and N2O emissions in three chaparral ecosystems under contrasting atmospheric N inputs - Alexander H. Krichels; Aral C. Greene; Elizah Z. Stephens; Sharon Zhao; Joshua P. Schimel; Emma L. Aronson; Erin J. Hanan; Peter M. Homyak (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

Insights on gas hydrate formation and growth within an interbedded sand reservoir from well logging at the Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea - Dongju Kang; Zijian Zhang; Jing’an Lu; Stephen C. Phillips; Jinqiang Liang; Wei Deng; Chao Zhong; Dajiang Meng (Marine Geology, 2024)

A first look at CRISM hyperspectral mapping mosaicked data: Results from Mawrth Vallis - Michael S. Phillips; Scott L. Murchie; Frank P. Seelos; Katie M. Hancock; Christina Selby; Ryan T. Poffenbarger; David C. Stephens; Maia Kawamura (Icarus, 2024)

The CRISM investigation in Mars orbit: Overview, history, and delivered data products - Frank P. Seelos; Kimberly D. Seelos; Scott L. Murchie; M. Alexandra Matiella Novak; Christopher D. Hash; M. Frank Morgan; Raymond E. Arvidson; John Aiello; Jean-Pierre Bibring; Janice L. Bishop; John D. Boldt; Ariana R. Boyd; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Drivers and mechanisms of harmful algal blooms across hydrologic extremes in hypereutrophic grand lake st marys (Ohio) - Silvia E. Newell; Jason C. Doll; Morgan C. Jutte; Joseph L. Davidson; Mark J. McCarthy; Stephen J. Jacquemin (Harmful Algae, 2024)

Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda - Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer; Stephen Polasky; Rob Alkemade; Neil D. Burgess; William W.L. Cheung; Ingo Fetzer; Mike Harfoot; Thomas W. Hertel; Samantha L.L. Hill; Justin Andrew Johnson; Jan H. Janse; Patrick José v. Jeetze; et al. (Global Environmental Change, 2024)

Coupled atmosphere-ocean response of the southwest Pacific to deglacial changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation - Shaun R. Eaves; Andrew N. Mackintosh; Joel B. Pedro; Helen C. Bostock; Matthew T. Ryan; Kevin P. Norton; Bruce W. Hayward; Brian M. Anderson; Feng He; Richard S. Jones; Andrew M. Lorrey; Rewi M. Newnham; et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

Decapod fisheries and parasite species richness: an exploration of host traits and parasitic influence - Elizabeth Duermit-Moreau; Jamie Bojko; Zachary A. Siders; Natalie C. Stephens; Donald C. Behringer (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2024)

Mangrove Cover and Extent of Protection Influence Lateral Erosion Control at Hybrid Mangrove Living Shorelines - Sophie C. Y. Chan; Stephen E. Swearer; Rebecca L. Morris (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Erosion poses a significant threat to coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and is further exacerbated by anthropogenic activities and increasing coastal hazards. While conventional engineered structures, such as seawalls and revetments, are commonly employed to protect shorelines from wave impact and erosion, they can also cause detrimental environmental effects. By creating/restoring coastal habitats with engineered structures, hybrid living shorelines offer coastal protection and other co-benefits. Using aerial imagery, we studied the rates of shoreline change before and after living shoreline installation, and between living shorelines and adjacent bare shorelines in three estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Mangroves had established behind most rock fillets and displayed a trend of increasing canopy cover with fillet age. In the first 3 years since installation, the rates of lateral shoreline change reduced from − 0.20, − 0.16, and − 0.10 m/year to − 0.03, − 0.01, and 0.06 m/year in living shorelines in Hunter, Manning, and Richmond Rivers, respectively. However, when compared to control shorelines, the effectiveness in reducing erosion varied among living shorelines with mean effect sizes of 0.04, − 0.28, and 1.74 across the three estuaries. A more positive rate of shoreline change was associated with an increasing percentage of mangrove canopy area and an increasing length of protected shoreline at wide channels. While hybrid mangrove living shorelines are a promising solution for mitigating erosion and creating habitats at an estuary-wide scale, they may also contribute to downdrift erosion, emphasising the importance of considering site-specific hydrogeomorphology and sediment movement when installing living shorelines.

Enhancing maize (Zea mays L.) yields in limited fertilizer farming systems through soil nutrient recycling in Sub-Saharan Africa - Ronald O. Muchelo; Stephen I. C. Akpa (Organic Agriculture, 2024)

Characterizing dog cognitive aging using spontaneous problem-solving measures: development of a battery of tests from the Dog Aging Project - Stephanie H. Hargrave; Emily E. Bray; Stephanie McGrath; Gene E. Alexander; Theadora A. Block; Naomi Chao; Martin Darvas; Laura E. L. C. Douglas; Janet Galante; Brenda S. Kennedy; Breonna Kusick; Julie A. Moreno; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Dietary exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons of the Hong Kong population - Stephen W. C. Chung; Melissa P. S. Liu; Kenny K. C. Wong; Gabriel Y. S. Chan (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2024)

Whales in the carbon cycle: can recovery remove carbon dioxide? - Heidi C. Pearson; Matthew S. Savoca; Daniel P. Costa; Michael W. Lomas; Renato Molina; Andrew J. Pershing; Craig R. Smith; Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez; Stephen R. Wing; Joe Roman (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

A chemical weathering and paleoclimatic reconstruction of the early Cambrian environment of the Wyoming Craton from the Wind River Canyon, WY paleosol on the Great Unconformity - Zhihong Huang; Stephen C. Peters; Frank J. Pazzaglia; Madison Hernandez (Precambrian Research, 2024)

Non-chlorine detergent formulations as an alternative for unpasteurised milk removal from stainless steel surfaces - Joels Wilson-Nieuwenhuis; Jim Taylour; Luciana C. Gomes; Stephen Lynch; David Whitehead; Kathryn A. Whitehead (Journal of Food Engineering, 2024)

Turkey tail mushroom (Trametes versicolor): an edible macrofungi with immense medicinal properties - Olaide Olawunmi Ajibola; Cirilo Nolasco-Hipolito; Octavio Carvajal-Zarrabal; Shanti F Salleh; Gbadebo C Adeyinka; Stephen A Adefegha; Mirja K Ahmmed; Kazi Sumaiya; Raymond Thomas (Current Opinion in Food Science, 2024)

Two pathways to understanding electron transfer in reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria: A comparison of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus mutants - Kaitlyn M. Faries; Deborah K. Hanson; James C. Buhrmaster; Stephen Hippleheuser; Gregory A. Tira; Ryan M. Wyllie; Claire E. Kohout; Nikki Cecil M. Magdaong; Dewey Holten; Philip D. Laible; Christine Kirmaier (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2024)

Compliance with Regulatory Performance Standards in Wetland Mitigation Banks - Stephen C. Tillman; Jeffrey W. Matthews (Wetlands, 2024)

Updated dendrochronology and axial variation of climatic sensitivity in Sequoiadendron giganteum - Allyson L. Carroll; Stephen C. Sillett (Trees, 2024)
Key message Dendroclimatic sensitivity varies by axial position for Sequoiadendron giganteum : negative correlations with June temperature strengthen with height, while positive correlations with snow water are strongest in the lower trunk. Increment cores collected along trunks of mature Sequoiadendron giganteum provide new and updated ring-width chronologies ideal for assessing how height above ground affects sensitivity of radial growth to climatic variation. Chronologies from 61 living trees at nine locations across the geographic distribution span 1973 yr. Analyses of subsets of 18–44 trees reveal that correlations between radial increments and climate (temperature, water availability) vary with axial position. Negative correlations with maximum and minimum June temperature intensify with height and are strongest at the highest position analyzed (60 m above ground). Sensitivity to the hydroclimate variable of April-1 snow water equivalent is stronger at lower trunk positions (10 m) compared to breast height or the upper trunk, and a similar relationship is identified for the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index using a 12-month window ending in September. Drought-induced low-growth years computed as radial increment relative to the mean of 10 yr before and after are more weakly expressed at breast height compared to higher on the trunk (10–60 m). Analysis of regional upper (maximum core height = 87 m) versus lower trunk (above buttress) chronologies corroborate differing inter-annual correlations with climate depending on height above ground. Accounting for axial variation in dendroclimatic sensitivity can maximize the quality of environmental reconstructions using tree rings and improve biophysical understanding of Sequoiadendron , especially in the context of an increasingly arid climate.

Comparable foraging effort and habitat use between two geographically proximate tropical seabird colonies - Alice M. Trevail; Sonia Vallocchia; Malcolm A. C. Nicoll; Peter Carr; Stephen C. Votier; Hannah Wood; Robin Freeman (Marine Biology, 2024)
Effective seabird conservation requires understanding their marine spatial ecology. Tracking can reveal details of their foraging ecology and habitat use, as well as the suitability of marine protected areas for at-sea conservation, but results are often regionally specific. Here we characterised the foraging behaviour of tropical breeding brown boobies Sula leucogaster in the Chagos Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, and tested habitat requirements. GPS tracking of thirteen individuals from two colonies, located 142 km apart on the same atoll (Great Chagos Bank), showed similar foraging effort and habitat preferences despite differences in season and breeding stage. Brown boobies from both tracked populations foraged close to the colony along the atoll shelf edge, avoiding deep oceanic areas and shallow waters of the Great Chagos Bank atoll, but within the Chagos Archipelago Marine Protected Area. Sea-level height anomaly and sea surface temperature were important foraging predictors at both sites, although birds experienced distinct environmental conditions between colonies. These results suggest that while brown boobies have colony-specific at-sea foraging areas, similarities in habitat drivers of distribution and foraging behaviour can inform predictions of distributions at other colonies within the archipelago, with important benefits for at-sea conservation efforts.

Walking net $$\dot{V}$$O2 rises with advancing age in older women: where to go from here? - Stephen J. Carter; Harshvardhan Singh; Emily B. Long; Catia Martins; John P. McCarthy; C. Scott Bickel; David R. Bryan; Gary R. Hunter (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Corresponding planktivore and predator spatial distributions in an oceanic coral reef system - Christina Skinner; Samantha Gallimore; Nicholas V. C. Polunin; Stephen Rushton; Steven P. Newman; Amelia A. Desbiens; Aileen C. Mill (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Understanding the drivers of food web community structure is a fundamental goal in ecology. While studies indicate that many coral reef predators depend on pelagic subsidies, the mechanism through which this occurs remains elusive. As many of these species are important fishery targets, a better understanding of their trophodynamics is needed. To address these gaps, we employed a comprehensive structural equation modelling approach using extensive surveys of the reef community to explore relationships between groupers and snappers, their prey, and the surrounding habitat in an oceanic coral reef system. There were significant positive relationships between site-attached and transient planktivores and grouper and snapper biomass, respectively, indicating that pelagic subsidies are transferred to upper trophic levels through planktivores. Contrary to previous studies, habitat complexity and depth were not important for predators or prey. Instead, corallivores and site-attached and transient planktivores were primarily associated with live habitat and coral cover. This indicates that a decline in coral cover could have severe direct and indirect impacts on the structure and functioning of multiple levels of the reef food web. While pelagic reliance may suggest that predators are resilient to bleaching-related habitat loss, the associations of their planktivorous prey with live coral suggest that both benthic and pelagic pathways should be preserved for continued resilience of these food webs and their fisheries. By considering direct and indirect relationships, our study generated insights not only on the complex dynamics of coral reef ecosystems, but also on how they may respond to environmental change.

Isolation, small population size, and management influence inbreeding and reduced genetic variation in K’gari dingoes - Susan M. Miller; Linda Behrendorff; Benjamin L. Allen; Rose L. Andrew; Guy Ballard; J. William O. Ballard; Kylie M. Cairns; Gabriel C. Conroy; Peter J. S. Fleming; Catherine E. Grueber; Jane Oakey; Deane A. Smith; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2024)
Small island populations are vulnerable to genetic decline via demographic and environmental stochasticity. In the absence of immigration, founder effects, inbreeding and genetic drift are likely to contribute to local extinction risk. Management actions may also have a greater impact on small, closed populations. The demographic and social characteristics of a species can, however, delay the impact of threats. K’gari, a ~ 1 660 km 2 island off the Australian east coast and UNESCO World Heritage Site (Fraser Island 1842–2023), supports an isolated population of approximately 70–200 dingoes that represent an ideal opportunity to explore the small island paradigm. To examine temporal and spatial patterns of genetic diversity in this population we analysed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data (72 454 SNPS) for 112 K’gari dingoes collected over a 25-year period (1996 to 2020). Genetic diversity was lower in K’gari dingoes than mainland dingoes at the earliest time point in our study and declined significantly following a management cull in 2001. We did not find any spatial genetic patterns on the island, suggesting high levels of genetic connectivity between socially discrete packs. This connectivity, combined with the social structure and behaviour of dingoes, may act in concert to buffer the population from the impacts of genetic drift in the short term. Nevertheless, a general decline in genetic variation via inbreeding and drift has occurred over the past 20 years which we suggest should be considered in any future management planning for the population. Monitoring patterns of genetic variation, together with a clearer understanding of the social ecology of K’gari dingoes, will aid in the development of measurable genetic targets set over ecologically meaningful timelines, and help ensure continued survival of this culturally important population.

Sea ice-melt amount estimated from spring hydrography in the Sea of Okhotsk: spatial and interannual variabilities - Mariko Honda; Kay I. Ohshima; Vigan Mensah; Jun Nishioka; Masatoshi Sato; Stephen C. Riser (Journal of Oceanography, 2024)
This study provides the first estimation of sea ice-melt amount in the Sea of Okhotsk based on spring hydrographic data accumulated for nearly a hundred years. Just after sea ice melts completely, a low-salinity layer appears on the ocean surface, overlying the layer of Winter Water at the freezing point. The integration of the salinity decrease from Winter Water should correspond to the total ice-melt amount. We developed an algorithm to extract the profiles that clearly show the salinity deficit and converted the salinity deficit to the ice-melt amount from all available data. The climatological map shows that ice-melt amount decreases toward the ice edge and exhibits large values around the northern Sakhalin Island, reflecting the ice thickness distribution. In the southern area (south of 48°N), where sea ice is transported from the north, the average ice-melt amount is estimated to be ~ 71 cm in thickness. It is clearly shown that the ice-melt amount has decreased by ~ 30% in the southern area since the 1990s. These changes possibly affect the regional climate through the decreased latent heat of sea ice and potentially affect biological production through weakened stratification caused by decreased ice melt. We also suggested that ice-melt amount did not show a significant trend during the 1930s–1970s, implying that our methodology could extract information on sea ice before the era of satellite observations.

Body fat and circulating leptin levels in the captive short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) - Kate J. Dutton-Regester; Alice Roser; Haley Meer; Andrew Hill; Michael Pyne; Aiman Al-Najjar; Tim Whaites; Jane C. Fenelon; Katherine L. Buchanan; Tamara Keeley; Marilyn B. Renfree; Stephen D. Johnston (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2024)
It is possible that the reproductive strategy of the short-beaked echidna is related to seasonal changes in fat deposition and energy availability, regulated by seasonal changes in endocrine function. We predicted that circulating leptin levels would be directly proportional to adiposity during most of the year, but that a change in this relationship would occur during the pre-breeding season to allow increased fat deposition. To test this hypothesis, we made use of a captive colony of echidnas to describe and quantify changes in fat distribution and the adipostatic hormone leptin. First we assessed seasonal changes in circulating leptin levels, body mass and adiposity for three male and three female adult echidnas maintained on a standard diet. Second, we explored the relationship between circulating leptin levels and increased caloric intake for an additional five adult female echidnas that were provided with supplemented nutrition. Third we visualised fat distribution in male and female adult echidnas using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after the breeding season, to determine where fat is deposited in this species. For echidnas maintained on the standard diet, there were no seasonal changes in body mass, body fat or plasma leptin levels. However, female echidnas provided with supplemented nutrition had significantly elevated plasma leptin levels during the breeding season, compared to the pre-and post- breeding periods. MRI showed substantial subcutaneous fat depots extending dorso-laterally from the base of the skull to the base of the tail, in both sexes. Pre-breeding season, both sexes had considerable fat deposition in the pelvic/rump region, whilst the female echidna accumulated most fat in the abdominal region. This study shows that male and female echidnas accumulate body fat in the pelvic/rump and the abdominal regions, respectively and that circulating leptin may promote fattening in female echidnas during the breeding season by means of leptin resistance. However, further research is required to evaluate the precise relationship between seasonal changes in leptin and adiposity.

Mechanistic safety assessment via multi-omic characterisation of systemic pathway perturbations following in vivo MAT2A inhibition - Valentina Fogal; Filippos Michopoulos; Andrew F. Jarnuczak; Ghaith M. Hamza; Stephanie Harlfinger; Paul Davey; Heather Hulme; Stephen J. Atkinson; Piotr Gabrowski; Tony Cheung; Michael Grondine; Clare Hoover; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)
The tumour suppressor p16/CDKN2A and the metabolic gene, methyl-thio-adenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), are frequently co-deleted in some of the most aggressive and currently untreatable cancers. Cells with MTAP deletion are vulnerable to inhibition of the metabolic enzyme, methionine-adenosyl transferase 2A (MAT2A), and the protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT5). This synthetic lethality has paved the way for the rapid development of drugs targeting the MAT2A/PRMT5 axis. MAT2A and its liver- and pancreas-specific isoform, MAT1A, generate the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from ATP and methionine. Given the pleiotropic role SAM plays in methylation of diverse substrates, characterising the extent of SAM depletion and downstream perturbations following MAT2A/MAT1A inhibition (MATi) is critical for safety assessment. We have assessed in vivo target engagement and the resultant systemic phenotype using multi-omic tools to characterise response to a MAT2A inhibitor (AZ’9567). We observed significant SAM depletion and extensive methionine accumulation in the plasma, liver, brain and heart of treated rats, providing the first assessment of both global SAM depletion and evidence of hepatic MAT1A target engagement. An integrative analysis of multi-omic data from liver tissue identified broad perturbations in pathways covering one-carbon metabolism, trans-sulfuration and lipid metabolism. We infer that these pathway-wide perturbations represent adaptive responses to SAM depletion and confer a risk of oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and an associated disturbance in plasma and cellular lipid homeostasis. The alterations also explain the dramatic increase in plasma and tissue methionine, which could be used as a safety and PD biomarker going forward to the clinic.

Population dynamics of the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi , during rapid range expansion in New York State - Zachary J. Oppler; Melissa A. Prusinski; Kayleigh R. O'Keeffe; Patrick Pearson; Stephen M. Rich; Richard C. Falco; Vanessa Vinci; Collin O'Connor; Jamie Haight; P. Bryon Backenson; Dustin Brisson (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Recent changes in climate and human land‐use have resulted in alterations of the geographic range of many species, including human pathogens. Geographic range expansion and population growth of human pathogens increase human disease risk. Relatively little empirical work has investigated the impact of range changes on within‐population variability, a contributor to both colonization success and adaptive potential, during the precise time in which populations are colonized. This is likely due to the difficulties of collecting appropriate natural samples during the dynamic phase of migration and colonization. We systematically collected blacklegged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) across New York State (NY), USA, between 2006 and 2019, a time period coinciding with a rapid range expansion of ticks and their associated pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi , the etiological agent of Lyme disease. These samples provide a unique opportunity to investigate the population dynamics of human pathogens as they expand into novel territory. We observed that founder effects were short‐lived, as gene flow from long‐established populations brought almost all B. burgdorferi lineages to newly colonized populations within just a few years of colonization. By 7 years post‐colonization, B. burgdorferi lineage frequency distributions were indistinguishable from long‐established sites, indicating that local B. burgdorferi populations experience similar selective pressures despite geographic separation. The B. burgdorferi lineage dynamics elucidate the processes underlying the range expansion and demonstrate that migration into, and selection within, newly colonized sites operate on different time scales.

Association of physical function with connectivity in the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks: why examining specific components of physical function matters - Madeline C. Boyd; Jonathan H. Burdette; Michael E. Miller; Robert G. Lyday; Christina E. Hugenschmidt; W. Jack Rejeski; Sean L. Simpson; Laura D. Baker; Chal E. Tomlinson; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; Paul J. Laurienti (GeroScience, 2024)
Declining physical function with aging is associated with structural and functional brain network organization. Gaining a greater understanding of network associations may be useful for targeting interventions that are designed to slow or prevent such decline. Our previous work demonstrated that the Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) score and body mass index (BMI) exhibited a statistical interaction in their associations with connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). The current study examined if components of the eSPPB have unique associations with these brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 192 participants in the BNET study, a longitudinal and observational trial of community-dwelling adults aged 70 or older. Functional brain networks were generated for resting state and during a motor imagery task. Regression analyses were performed between eSPPB component scores (gait speed, complex gait speed, static balance, and lower extremity strength) and BMI with SMN and DAN connectivity. Gait speed, complex gait speed, and lower extremity strength significantly interacted with BMI in their association with SMN at rest. Gait speed and complex gait speed were interacted with BMI in the DAN at rest while complex gait speed, static balance, and lower extremity strength interacted with BMI in the DAN during motor imagery. Results demonstrate that different components of physical function, such as balance or gait speed and BMI, are associated with unique aspects of brain network organization. Gaining a greater mechanistic understanding of the associations between low physical function, body mass, and brain physiology may lead to the development of treatments that not only target specific physical function limitations but also specific brain networks.

Southern Flounder: Major Milestones and Remaining Knowledge Gaps in Their Biology, Ecology, and Fishery Management - Stephen R. Midway; Frederick S. Scharf; Michael A. Dance; Nancy J. Brown-Peterson; Joseph C. Ballenger; Nicolette S. Beeken; Russell J. Borski; Tanya L. Darden; Kenneth A. Erickson; Troy M. Farmer; Ashley Fincannon; John Godwin; et al. (Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2024)

Update on chromium speciation analysis in foods: a review of advances in analytical methods and dietary exposure assessment - Stephen W. C. Chung (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2024)

TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) induces depression-like phenotype - Roanna A. Debler; Paula L. Gallegos; Alexandra C. Ojeda; Andrea M. Perttula; Ashley Lucio; Robert S. Chapkin; Stephen Safe; Shoshana Eitan (NeuroToxicology, 2024)

Carbon collusion: Cooperation, competition, and climate obstruction in the global oil and gas extraction network - Sonya Ahamed; Gillian L. Galford; Bindu Panikkar; Donna Rizzo; Jennie C. Stephens (Energy Policy, 2024)

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in Greece and Italy—SMART 2017–2021 - James A. Karlowsky; Sibylle H. Lob; Stephen P. Hawser; Nimmi Kothari; Fakhar Siddiqui; Irina Alekseeva; C. Andrew DeRyke; Katherine Young; Mary R. Motyl; Daniel F. Sahm (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)
Purpose The current study evaluated the in vitro activities of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL), and comparators against recent (2017–2021) clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli from two countries in southern Europe. Methods Nine clinical laboratories (two in Greece; seven in Italy) each collected up to 250 consecutive gram-negative isolates per year from lower respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract, and bloodstream infection samples. MICs were determined by the CLSI broth microdilution method and interpreted using 2022 EUCAST breakpoints. β-lactamase genes were identified in select β-lactam-nonsusceptible isolate subsets. Results C/T inhibited the growth of 85–87% of Enterobacterales and 94–96% of ESBL-positive non-CRE NME (non- Morganellaceae Enterobacterales) isolates from both countries. IMI/REL inhibited 95–98% of NME, 100% of ESBL-positive non-CRE NME, and 98–99% of KPC-positive NME isolates from both countries. Country-specific differences in percent susceptible values for C/T, IMI/REL, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin, and amikacin were more pronounced for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Enterobacterales. C/T and IMI/REL both inhibited 84% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Greece and 91–92% of isolates from Italy. MBL rates were estimated as 4% of Enterobacterales and 10% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Greece compared to 1% of Enterobacterales and 3% of P. aeruginosa isolates from Italy. KPC rates among Enterobacterales isolates were similar in both countries (7–8%). OXA-48-like enzymes were only identified in Enterobacterales isolates from Italy (1%) while GES carbapenemase genes were only identified in P. aeruginosa isolates from Italy (2%). Conclusion We conclude that C/T and IMI/REL may provide viable treatment options for many patients from Greece and Italy.

Genomic insights into hybrid zone formation: The role of climate, landscape, and demography in the emergence of a novel hybrid lineage - Constance E. Bolte; Tommy Phannareth; Michelle Zavala‐Paez; Brianna N. Sutara; Muhammed F. Can; Matthew C. Fitzpatrick; Jason A. Holliday; Stephen R. Keller; Jill A. Hamilton (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Population demographic changes, alongside landscape, geographic and climate heterogeneity, can influence the timing, stability and extent of introgression where species hybridise. Thus, quantifying interactions across diverged lineages, and the relative contributions of interspecific genetic exchange and selection to divergence at the genome‐wide level is needed to better understand the drivers of hybrid zone formation and maintenance. We used seven latitudinally arrayed transects to quantify the contributions of climate, geography and landscape features to broad patterns of genetic structure across the hybrid zone of Populus trichocarpa and P. balsamifera and evaluated the demographic context of hybridisation over time. We found genetic structure differed among the seven transects. While ancestry was structured by climate, landscape features influenced gene flow dynamics. Demographic models indicated a secondary contact event may have influenced contemporary hybrid zone formation with the origin of a putative hybrid lineage that inhabits regions with higher aridity than either of the ancestral groups. Phylogenetic relationships based on chloroplast genomes support the origin of this hybrid lineage inferred from demographic models based on the nuclear data. Our results point towards the importance of climate and landscape patterns in structuring the contact zones between P. trichocarpa and P. balsamifera and emphasise the value whole genome sequencing can have to advancing our understanding of how neutral processes influence divergence across space and time.

Photogrammetry scans for neuroanatomy education - a new multi-camera system: technical note - André S. B. Oliveira; Luciano C. P. C. Leonel; Megan M. J. Bauman; Alessandro De Bonis; Edward R. LaHood; Stephen Graepel; Michael J. Link; Carlos D. Pinheiro-Neto; Nirusha Lachman; Jonathan M. Morris; Maria Peris-Celda (Neuroinformatics, 2024)

Early Aboriginal pottery production and offshore island occupation on Jiigurru (Lizard Island group), Great Barrier Reef, Australia - Sean Ulm; Ian J. McNiven; Glenn R. Summerhayes; Pei-hua Wu; Magdalena M.E. Bunbury; Fiona Petchey; Quan Hua; Robert Skelly; Ariana B.J. Lambrides; Cassandra Rowe; Kelsey M. Lowe; Christian H. Reepmeyer; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Ground-based calibration for remote sensing of biomass in the tallest forests - Stephen C. Sillett; Mark E. Graham; John P. Montague; Marie E. Antoine; George W. Koch (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Vertical structure of flows on a shallow reef flat: A coral reef surf zone - Stephen G. Monismith; Samantha A. Maticka; Justin S. Rogers; Ben Hefner; C. Brock Woodson (Coastal Engineering, 2024)

From route to dive: multi-scale habitat selection in a foraging tropical seabird - Ruth E. Dunn; Robin Freeman; Malcolm A. Nicoll; Julia Ramsden; Alice M. Trevail; Hannah Wood; Stephen C. Votier (Marine Biology, 2024)
Comprehending how environmental variability shapes foraging behaviour across habitats is key to unlocking insights into consumer ecology. Seabirds breeding at high latitudes are exemplars of how marine consumers can adapt their behaviours to make use of predictable foraging opportunities, but prey tends to be less predictable in tropical oceanic ecosystems and may require alternative foraging behaviours. Here we used GPS and time-depth recorder loggers to investigate the foraging behaviour of central placed adult red-footed boobies ( Sula sula rubripes ), a tropical seabird that forages in oceanic waters via diving, or by capturing aerial prey such as flying fish in flight. Dive bout dynamics revealed that red-footed boobies appeared to exploit denser, but more sparsely distributed prey patches when diving further from the colony. Furthermore, although we found no evidence of environmentally driven habitat selection along their foraging routes, red-footed boobies preferentially dived in areas with higher sea surface temperatures and chlorophyll-a concentrations compared to conditions along their foraging tracks. This multi-scale variation implies that habitat selection differs between foraging routes compared to dive locations. Finally, red-footed booby dives were deepest during the middle of the day when light penetration was greatest. Ultimately, we highlight the importance of gaining insights into consumer foraging across different ecosystems, thereby broadening understanding of how animals might respond to changing environmental conditions.

The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study - Sarah M. Schmid; Jessica M. Hoffman; Jena Prescott; Holley Ernst; Daniel E. L. Promislow; Joshua M. Akey; Brooke Benton; Elhanan Borenstein; Marta G. Castelhano; Amanda E. Coleman; Kate E. Creevy; Kyle Crowder; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Climate mitigation potential of cover crops in the United States is regionally concentrated and lower than previous estimates - Lisa Eash; Stephen Ogle; Shelby C. McClelland; Steven J. Fonte; Meagan E. Schipanski (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Widespread adoption of regenerative agriculture practices is an integral part of the US plan to achieve net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. National incentives have particularly increased for the adoption of cover crops (CCs), which have presumably large carbon (C) sequestration potential. However, assessments of national CC climate benefits have not fully considered regional variability, changing C sequestration rates over time, and potential N 2 O trade‐offs. Using the DayCent soil biogeochemical model and current national survey data, we estimate CC climate change mitigation potential to be 39.0 ± 24.1 Mt CO 2 e year −1 , which is 45%–65% lower than previous estimates, with large uncertainty attributed to N 2 O impacts. Three‐fourths of this climate change mitigation potential is concentrated in the North Central, Southern Great Plains and Lower Mississippi regions. Public investment should be focused in these regions to maximize CC climate benefits, but the national contribution of CC to emissions targets may be lower than previously anticipated.

A circumpolar study unveils a positive non‐linear effect of temperature on arctic arthropod availability that may reduce the risk of warming‐induced trophic mismatch for breeding shorebirds - Aurélie Chagnon‐Lafortune; Éliane Duchesne; Pierre Legagneux; Laura McKinnon; Jeroen Reneerkens; Nicolas Casajus; Kenneth F. Abraham; Élise Bolduc; Glen S. Brown; Stephen C. Brown; H. River Gates; Olivier Gilg; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Seasonally abundant arthropods are a crucial food source for many migratory birds that breed in the Arctic. In cold environments, the growth and emergence of arthropods are particularly tied to temperature. Thus, the phenology of arthropods is anticipated to undergo a rapid change in response to a warming climate, potentially leading to a trophic mismatch between migratory insectivorous birds and their prey. Using data from 19 sites spanning a wide temperature gradient from the Subarctic to the High Arctic, we investigated the effects of temperature on the phenology and biomass of arthropods available to shorebirds during their short breeding season at high latitudes. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to warmer summer temperatures would generate earlier peaks in arthropod biomass, as well as higher peak and seasonal biomass. Across the temperature gradient encompassed by our study sites (>10°C in average summer temperatures), we found a 3‐day shift in average peak date for every increment of 80 cumulative thawing degree‐days. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between temperature and arthropod biomass only below temperature thresholds. Higher temperatures were associated with higher peak and seasonal biomass below 106 and 177 cumulative thawing degree‐days, respectively, between June 5 and July 15. Beyond these thresholds, no relationship was observed between temperature and arthropod biomass. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can positively influence prey availability for some arctic birds. This positive effect could, in part, stem from changes in arthropod assemblages and may reduce the risk of trophic mismatch.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Social valuation of biodiversity relative to other types of assets at risk in wildfire - John C. Z. Woinarski; Stephen T. Garnett; Kerstin K. Zander (Conservation Biology, 2024)
Environmental crises, such as wildfires, can cause major losses of human life, infrastructure, biodiversity, and cultural values. In many such situations, incident controllers must make fateful choices about what to protect—and hence what to abandon. With an online representative survey of >2000 adult Australians, we investigated social attitudes to this dilemma. We used best–worst scaling to assess preferences across a set of 11 assets representing human life, infrastructure, biodiversity, and cultural values. Survey respondents overwhelmingly prioritized a single human life (best–worst score of 6647 out of possible score ranging from −10695 to 10695), even if that choice resulted in extinction of other species. Inanimate (replaceable) objects were accorded lowest priority (best–worst scores of −4655 for a shed and −3242 for a house). Among biodiversity assets, respondents prioritized protecting a population of the iconic koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) (best–worst score of 1913) ahead of preventing the extinction of a snail (score −329) and a plant species (−226). These results variably support current policy in that they emphasize the importance the community places on protection of human life, but results diverged from conventional practice in rating some biodiversity assets ahead of infrastructure. The preference for protecting a population of koalas ahead of action taken to prevent the extinction of an invertebrate and plant species corroborates previous research reporting biases in the way people value nature. If noncharismatic species are not to be treated as expendable, then the case for preventing their extinction needs to be better made to the community. Given the increasing global incidence of high‐severity wildfires, further sampling of societal preferences among diverse asset types is needed to inform planning, policy, and practice relating to wildfire. Other preemptive targeted management actions (such as translocations) are needed to conserve biodiversity, especially noniconic species, likely to be imperiled by catastrophic events.

Dual role of silt and clay in the formation and accrual of stabilized soil organic carbon - Hai-Ruo Mao; M. Francesca Cotrufo; Stephen C. Hart; Benjamin W. Sullivan; Xuefeng Zhu; Jianchao Zhang; Chao Liang; Mengqiang Zhu (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

The equilibrium vapor pressures of ammonia and oxygen ices at outer solar system temperatures - B.P. Blakley; Will M. Grundy; Jordan K. Steckloff; Sugata P. Tan; Jennifer Hanley; Anna E. Engle; Stephen C. Tegler; Gerrick E. Lindberg; Shae M. Raposa; Kendall J. Koga; Cecilia L. Thieberger (Planetary and Space Science, 2024)

What can we learn about fish neutrophil and macrophage response to immune challenge from studies in zebrafish - Zoë C. Speirs; Catherine A. Loynes; Heidi Mathiessen; Philip M. Elks; Stephen A. Renshaw; Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen (Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2024)

Early Cretaceous evolution of the McMurray Formation: A review toward a better understanding of the paleo-depositional system - Yang Peng; Paul R. Durkin; Harrison K. Martin; Dale A. Leckie; Sean C. Horner; Stephen M. Hubbard (Earth-Science Reviews, 2024)

Ritualized male–male combat resulting from intraspecific food competition in three Agkistrodon species - Terence M. Farrell; Henderson C. Gull; Frederick S. Boyce; Stephen C. Richter (Journal of Ethology, 2024)

Refining Holocene sea‐level variations for the Lofoten and Vesterålen archipelagos, northern Norway: implications for prehistoric human–environment interactions - Nicholas L. Balascio; William J. D'Andrea; Roger C. Creel; Leah Marshall; Moussa Dia; Stephen Wickler; R. Scott Anderson; Jacqueline Austermann; Kristian Vasskog; Pål Ringkjøb Nielsen; Svein Olaf Dahl (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2024)
The Lofoten and Vesterålen archipelagos are located off the outer coast of northern Norway far from the center of the former Fennoscandian Ice Sheet and near the continental shelf edge. Existing relative sea‐level (RSL) data indicate a pronounced mid‐Holocene transgression and interesting connections with the region's prehistoric human settlement history. Here we present seven new sea‐level index points from isolation basins and five terrestrial limiting points from a coastal sedimentary sequence to refine the region's RSL history. Ingression and isolation contacts in isolation basin sediment cores are identified using sedimentary geochemical data, scanning X‐ray fluorescence profiles and phytoplankton analysis. The ages of these contacts are determined using radiocarbon‐based age models. Our index points range from 11.2 to 1.5k cal a bp and are combined with previously published data to predict the spatiotemporal evolution of sea level in this region using an ensemble of spatiotemporal empirical hierarchical models (STEHME). The new RSL curve constrains the timing of the mid‐Holocene transgression, which occurred from c. 9 to 6k cal a bp when sea level increased from −4 to 7 m above present day. From c. 6 to 5k cal a bp , RSL rapidly fell to c. 4 m above present values, and more gradually declined at an average rate of c. 0.8 m ka −1 over the last 5k cal a bp. Isobase maps derived using the STEHME show a decrease in the regional shoreline gradients since the transgression maximum from 0.25 to 0.07 m km −1 . Our data also better define how RSL variations influenced the location and preservation of coastal settlement locations and harbors from the early Stone Age through historic intervals, improving understanding of regional human–environment interactions.

Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green‐up vary? - Eveling A. Tavera; David B. Lank; David C. Douglas; Brett K. Sandercock; Richard B. Lanctot; Niels M. Schmidt; Jeroen Reneerkens; David H. Ward; Joël Bêty; Eunbi Kwon; Nicolas Lecomte; Cheri Gratto‐Trevor; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota. Within and among species, however, the degree to which alterations in phenology match climate variability differ substantially. To better understand factors driving these differences, we evaluated variation in timing of nesting of eight Arctic‐breeding shorebird species at 18 sites over a 23‐year period. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a proxy to determine the start of spring (SOS) growing season and quantified relationships between SOS and nest initiation dates as a measure of phenological responsiveness. Among species, we tested four life history traits (migration distance, seasonal timing of breeding, female body mass, expected female reproductive effort) as species‐level predictors of responsiveness. For one species (Semipalmated Sandpiper), we also evaluated whether responsiveness varied across sites. Although no species in our study completely tracked annual variation in SOS, phenological responses were strongest for Western Sandpipers, Pectoral Sandpipers, and Red Phalaropes. Migration distance was the strongest additional predictor of responsiveness, with longer‐distance migrant species generally tracking variation in SOS more closely than species that migrate shorter distances. Semipalmated Sandpipers are a widely distributed species, but adjustments in timing of nesting relative to variability in SOS did not vary across sites, suggesting that different breeding populations of this species were equally responsive to climate cues despite differing migration strategies. Our results unexpectedly show that long‐distance migrants are more sensitive to local environmental conditions, which may help them to adapt to ongoing changes in climate.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Swimming and acoustic calling behavior attributed to Bryde’s whales in the central North Pacific - Tyler A. Helble; Gabriela C. Alongi; Regina A. Guazzo; Dylan R. Allhusen; Cameron R. Martin; Stephen W. Martin; Ian N. Durbach; E. Elizabeth Henderson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
A unique acoustic call type was identified and attributed to Bryde’s whales in the central North Pacific in 2015, but little is known about the distribution, calling behavior, or swimming behavior of Bryde’s whales in the region. Acoustic detections attributed to Bryde’s whales were used to localize and track individual whales on the U.S. Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i. This study included 150 acoustically derived tracks from recordings spanning the years 2011–2022 with recording effort in nearly every month. Bryde’s whale movement was examined relative to calendar year, day of year, hour of day, wind speed, and acoustic calling rate. Hidden Markov models were used to identify two kinematic states (slower, less directional movement and faster, more directional movement). The findings indicate that Bryde’s whales were more likely to travel in a faster and more directional state during the daytime than at night and between May and August when compared to other times of year. The along-track acoustic cue rate was examined for 118 tracks, and the findings indicate a possible lengthening of the median inter-call interval over the duration of the study period. These results are an important first step in understanding more about behavior in Bryde’s whales, a relatively under-studied species.

Are sexist beliefs related to mental health problems? - Nicholas C. Borgogna; Stephen L. Aita (The Social Science Journal, 2024)

Applying microelectrodes to investigate aged ductile iron and copper coupon reactivity during free chlorine application - Jennifer E. Liggett; Beatriz C. Gonzalez; Darren A. Lytle; Jonathan G. Pressman; Dionysios D. Dionysiou; Woo Hyoung Lee; Stephen M. Harmon; David G. Wahman (Water Research, 2024)

Biochemical and toxicological profiles of venoms from an adult female South American bushmaster (Lachesis muta rhombeata) and her offspring - Nathália C. Galizio; Laura S. Moraes-Santos; Ana C. Yabunaka; Poliana J. Demico; Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla; Julian C.G. Varón; Nelson J.da Silva Jr; Anita M. Tanaka-Azevedo; Marisa M.Teixeira da Rocha; Stephen Hyslop; Rafael S. Floriano; Karen de Morais-Zani (Toxicon, 2024)

Bioremediation of oily hypersaline soil via autochthonous bioaugmentation with halophilic bacteria and archaea - Kevin C. Lee; Stephen D.J. Archer; Mayada K. Kansour; Dina M. Al-Mailem (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Combustion characteristics of diisopropoxymethane, a low-reactivity oxymethylene ether - Stephen P. Lucas; Andrew J. Zdanowicz; Wyatt W. Wolff; Bret C. Windom (Fuel, 2024)

Trade-offs and Trait Integration in Tree Phenotypes: Consequences for the Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources - Jose Climent; Ricardo Alía; Katri Karkkainen; Catherine Bastien; Marta Benito-Garzon; Laurent Bouffier; Giovanbattista De Dato; Sylvain Delzon; Arnaud Dowkiw; Margarita Elvira-Recuenco; Delphine Grivet; Santiago C. González-Martínez; et al. (Current Forestry Reports, 2024)
Purpose of Review In this review, we synthesise current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention of laying the groundwork for a rapid advance in tree breeding for multiple objectives as a key contribution to the sustainability of planted forests in the future. Recent Findings Trade-offs among growth, reproduction, defence, stress tolerance and product quality predicted theoretically have been reported experimentally in many breeding programmes. Among these trade-offs, the genetic linkage between resistance against biotic threats and growth (or other relevant traits) is particularly critical for the current and future management of forest genetic resources. Maintaining tree growth and wood quality in the novel environments of the future requires the assessment of genetic correlations of target traits with phenology, closely linked to survival to temperature extremes. Improving our current knowledge on the genetic trade-offs of drought tolerance as a breeding objective in forest trees obligates a more precise definition of both the specific traits and the experimental conditions. Published evidence suggests that common target traits in breeding programmes may trade-off with reproductive success and fire-adaptation, and the simultaneous improvement of growth and wood quality traits still remains as a constraint in traditional tree breeding. Summary Changing environments combined with pests and diseases are challenging plantation forestry worldwide, which implies an urgent need to develop new improvement strategies to build the resilience of forestry for our future environments. It is essential to have a better understanding of how traits interact, especially those important for production, climate and biotic threat resilience, but much of the information is still missing. Since many key trade-offs are affected by the environment, we need new studies under novel environments to forecast levels of multi-trait integration in breeding populations.

Population parameters and heterogeneity in survival rates of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in a heavily urbanized coastal region of southeast China: implications for conservation - Wenzhi Lin; Leszek Karczmarski; Stephen C. Y. Chan; Ruiqiang Zheng; Yuen-Wa Ho; Yaqian Mo (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region on the southeast coast of China is among the largest and most populated metropolitan regions of the world, subjecting the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins ( Sousa chinensis ) inhabiting coastal waters of this region – apparently the largest population of this species – to intense anthropogenic pressure. In this 5-year study (2011-2015), we applied mark-recapture techniques to quantify population parameters of humpback dolphins in the main body of the extensive estuarine system of the Pearl River, the Lingding Bay (LB), the most urbanized and industrialized part of PRD. The super-population size was estimated at 928 individuals (95% CI=823-1046), which however over-represents the latest number of extant animals. Annual estimates fluctuated between 708 and 750 dolphins, and likely reflect most accurately the latest/current number of humpback dolphins in waters of LB. Both the overall and annual estimates generated by our study are considerably lower than previously published abundance estimates. Apparent survival rates were generally low, estimated at 0.943 (SE = 0.008, 95% CI = 0.929-0.958) and 0.815 (SE = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.766-0.866) for adults and juveniles, respectively. In conjunction with limited recruitment, they may have led to a substantial decline in population numbers over the past two decades. Notably, dolphins exhibited heterogeneous apparent survival rates across the complex anthropogenic seascape of LB. Adult individuals that use Hong Kong waters as their primary habitat exhibited 6.2% higher survival rates than those in other parts of LB. This difference tripled (19.2%) for juveniles, a likely expression of their susceptibility to environmental and/or anthropogenic stresses. We suggest that the difference in survival is largely due to heterogeneous anthropogenic stressors that vary spatially across the estuary, among which habitat loss, pollution, and declining prey resources appear to be the primary threats. Based on our latest findings, we call for a strategic conservation planning with the highest priority given to preserve the remaining key dolphin habitats in Hong Kong waters, and to quantify and mitigate the impacts of major stressor(s) in Guangdong (mainland China) waters. Given the encroachment of ever-more-intense human activities on the coastal habitats of humpback dolphins, understanding their demographic response and the underlying mechanisms of the population processes may prove instrumental in the formulation of a conservation management strategy that can secure their continuous survival.

Wind erosion and transport on planetesimals - Alice C. Quillen; Stephen Luniewski; Adam E. Rubinstein; Jérémy Couturier; Rachel Glade; Miki Nakajima (Icarus, 2024)

Thermal characterization and ventilation assessment of a battery-caged laying hen housing in the humid tropic climate - Ayoola Olawole Jongbo; Stephen Segun Olajide; Matheus Deniz; Frederico Marcio C. Vieira (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2024)

Oxygen dynamics in a deep‐silled fjord: Tight coupling to the open shelf - Charles G. Hannah; Sophia C. Johannessen; Cynthia A. Wright; Stephen J. Page (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Oxygen is declining globally in subsurface seawater. Fjords are particularly susceptible to hypoxia, because entrance sills restrict water circulation. We studied the oxygen dynamics of the Kitimat Fjord System on the west coast of Canada, using 3 yr of data from moored sensors and water column profiles. Subsurface oxygen within the fjord system is principally controlled by the connection to Hecate Strait on the outer shelf. Variations in oxygen concentration in Hecate Strait are reflected in the water that is drawn into the fjord system year‐round at mid‐depth (50–150 m). Deep water is renewed annually, beginning in May/June. Remineralization results in a seasonal decline in oxygen at depth. In the absence of deep‐water renewal, the bottom water in the system could become hypoxic in 1–2 yr. Mixing over a shallow inner sill (100 m) replenishes the oxygen in the deep water of Gardner Canal year‐round. The decadal trends in oxygen concentration show an increase from the 1950s to a maximum in the late 1970s, followed by a decline through 2016. The decline over the period 1977–2016 is 0.018 mL L −1 yr −1 (~ 0.83 μ mol L −1 yr −1 ), which is consistent with the decline observed over the upper continental shelf over the same period.

Social-ecological vulnerability to environmental extremes and adaptation pathways in small-scale fisheries of the southern California Current - Fiorenza Micheli; Andrea Saenz-Arroyo; Emilius Aalto; Rodrigo Beas-Luna; Charles A. Boch; Juan Camilo Cardenas; Giulio A. De Leo; Eduardo Diaz; Antonio Espinoza-Montes; Elena Finkbeiner; Jan Freiwald; Stuart Fulton; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Coastal ecosystems and human communities are threatened worldwide by climate change, and shocks from social, market and political change. There is an urgent global need to promote resilient food production and livelihoods in the face of these shocks. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in rural settings can be particularly vulnerable as they frequently lack the resources, rights and infrastructure to respond to shocks originating outside the focal systems. We examined ecological and social outcomes of environmental extremes in a SSF socio-ecological system (SES) by using long-term oceanographic (between 2010-2019) and ecological (2006-2018) data tracking change in a kelp forest ecosystem of Baja California, Mexico, and concurrent documentation of proactive and reactive actions of a fishing community organized in a cooperative. Results indicate a complex landscape of ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ among species and fisheries exposed to unprecedented environmental extremes, including marine heat waves and prolonged hypoxia, and a suite of adaptive actions by the local fishing cooperative, and others in the region, that have helped confront these rapid and drastic changes. Cooperatives have established voluntary marine reserves to promote recovery of affected populations and have invested in diversification of activities enabled by access rights, collective decision-making, and participatory science programs. Results indicate that local actions can support social and ecological resilience in the face of shocks, and that enabling locally-driven adaptation pathways is critical to resilience. This case study highlights the crucial importance of strengthening and supporting rights, governance, capacity, flexibility, learning, and agency for coastal communities to respond to change and sustain their livelihoods and ecosystems in the long run.

Histopathological investigation of four populations of abalone (Haliotis iris) exhibiting divergent growth performance - Joanna S. Copedo; Stephen C. Webb; Norman L.C. Ragg; Leonie Venter; Andrea C. Alfaro (Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2024)

Interactions Between Heavy Metal Exposure and Blood Biochemistry in an Urban Population of the Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) in Australia - Damien Nzabanita; Raoul A. Mulder; Damian C. Lettoof; Stephen Grist; Jordan O. Hampton; Jasmin Hufschmid; Dayanthi Nugegoda (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2024)
There is growing recognition of the threat posed to wildlife by pollutants. Waterbirds are robust bioindicators of ecosystem health, and metal toxicity is a threat to these species in waterways worldwide. Urban waterbirds are likely to be at the highest risk of heavy metal exposure, but this issue has not been widely explored in Australia. Our aim was to estimate contemporary heavy metal exposure in a sedentary urban waterbird population: black swans ( Cygnus atratus ) inhabiting an inner-city wetland in one of Australia’s largest cities, Melbourne. To investigate the physiological implications of legacy heavy metal exposure in these birds, we quantified blood biochemistry profiles and examined their relationships with metal concentrations in feathers. We caught 15 swans in 2021 and took feather samples to measure the concentration of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)), and blood samples to measure the concentration of 13 plasma analytes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed few associations between heavy metals and biochemistry markers, and no differences between sexes or age classes. This study presents a baseline dataset of these contaminants and blood biochemical profiles of swans at this wetland that can be used for future monitoring and is an important step toward a better understanding of the threat posed by heavy metals to Australian urban waterbirds.

Population genomic structure of a widespread, urban‐dwelling mammal: The eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) - Nicole A. Fusco; Bradley J. Cosentino; James P. Gibbs; Maximilian L. Allen; Alexander J. Blumenfeld; George H. Boettner; Elizabeth J. Carlen; Merri Collins; Catherine Dennison; Devin DiGiacopo; André‐Philippe Drapeau Picard; Jonathan Edmonson; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Urbanization is a persistent and widespread driver of global environmental change, potentially shaping evolutionary processes due to genetic drift and reduced gene flow in cities induced by habitat fragmentation and small population sizes. We tested this prediction for the eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), a common and conspicuous forest‐dwelling rodent, by obtaining 44K SNPs using reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) for 403 individuals sampled across the species' native range in eastern North America. We observed moderate levels of genetic diversity, low levels of inbreeding, and only a modest signal of isolation‐by‐distance. Clustering and migration analyses show that estimated levels of migration and genetic connectivity were higher than expected across cities and forested areas, specifically within the eastern portion of the species' range dominated by urbanization, and genetic connectivity was less than expected within the western range where the landscape is fragmented by agriculture. Landscape genetic methods revealed greater gene flow among individual squirrels in forested regions, which likely provide abundant food and shelter for squirrels. Although gene flow appears to be higher in areas with more tree cover, only slight discontinuities in gene flow suggest eastern grey squirrels have maintained connected populations across urban areas in all but the most heavily fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest urbanization shapes biological evolution in wildlife species depending strongly on the composition and habitability of the landscape matrix surrounding urban areas.

Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of a cancer preventative vaccine in dogs - Jenna H. Burton; Stephen Albert Johnston; David M. Vail; Jens C. Eickhoff; Kathryn F. Sykes; Justin R. Brown; Luhui Shen; Ana Gervassi; Rodney L. Page; Jennifer L. Willcox; Sami Al-Nadaf; Amanda L. Willis; et al. (Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2024)

Microbes, the ‘silent third partners’ of bee–angiosperm mutualisms - Shawn A. Steffan; Prarthana S. Dharampal; Jordan G. Kueneman; Alexander Keller; Magda P. Argueta-Guzmán; Quinn S. McFrederick; Stephen L. Buchmann; Rachel L. Vannette; Anna F. Edlund; Celeste C. Mezera; Nolan Amon; Bryan N. Danforth (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Yes, size does matter (for cycling safety)! Comparing behavioral and safety outcomes in S, M, L, and XL cities from 18 countries - Sergio A. Useche; Francisco Alonso; Aleksey Boyko; Polina Buyvol; Isaac D. Castañeda; Boris Cendales; Arturo Cervantes; Tomas Echiburu; Mireia Faus; Javier Gene-Morales; Jozef Gnap; Victor Gonzalez; et al. (Journal of Transport Geography, 2024)

Characteristics Associated With Purchasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Bottled Water Among US Households, 2015 - Armen Ghazaryan; Sohyun Park; Stephen J. Onufrak; Andrea C. Carlson; Alana Rhone; Kakoli Roy (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024)

Four billion years of secular compositional change in granitoids - Kent C. Condie; Stephen J. Puetz; Christopher J. Spencer; Nick M.W. Roberts (Chemical Geology, 2024)

Learning plays a critical role in physiological regulation - Douglas S. Ramsay; Stephen C. Woods (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Few havens for threatened Australian animal taxa that are highly susceptible to introduced and problematic native species - John C. Z. Woinarski; David G. Chapple; Stephen T. Garnett; Sarah M. Legge; Mark Lintermans; Ben C. Scheele (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)

A multi‐population approach supports common patterns in marine growth and maturation decision in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) from southern Europe - Cécile Tréhin; Etienne Rivot; Valentin Santanbien; Rémi Patin; Stephen D. Gregory; Ludivine Lamireau; Frédéric Marchand; William R. C. Beaumont; Luke J. Scott; Robert Hillman; Anne‐Laure Besnard; Pierre‐Yves Boisson; et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
This study provides a regional picture of long‐term changes in Atlantic salmon growth at the southern edge of their distribution, using a multi‐population approach spanning 49 years and five populations. We provide empirical evidence of salmon life history being influenced by a combination of common signals in the marine environment and population‐specific signals. We identified an abrupt decline in growth from 1976 and a more recent decline after 2005. As these declines have also been recorded in northern European populations, our study significantly expands a pattern of declining marine growth to include southern European populations, thereby revealing a large‐scale synchrony in marine growth patterns for almost five decades. Growth increments during their sea sojourn were characterized by distinct temporal dynamics. At a coarse temporal resolution, growth during the first winter at sea seemed to gradually improve over the study period. However, the analysis of finer seasonal growth patterns revealed ecological bottlenecks of salmon life histories at sea in time and space. Our study reinforces existing evidence of an impact of early marine growth on maturation decision, with small‐sized individuals at the end of the first summer at sea being more likely to delay maturation. However, each population was characterized by a specific probabilistic maturation reaction norm, and a local component of growth at sea in which some populations have better growth in some years might further amplify differences in maturation rate. Differences between populations were smaller than those between sexes, suggesting that the sex‐specific growth threshold for maturation is a well‐conserved evolutionary phenomenon in salmon. Finally, our results illustrate that although most of the gain in length occurs during the first summer at sea, the temporal variability in body length at return is buffered against the decrease in post‐smolt growth conditions. The intricate combination of growth over successive seasons, and its interplay with the maturation decision, could be regulating body length by maintaining diversity in early growth trajectories, life histories, and the composition of salmon populations.

Anoxia begets anoxia: A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes - Abigail S. L. Lewis; Maximilian P. Lau; Stephen F. Jane; Kevin C. Rose; Yaron Be'eri‐Shlevin; Sarah H. Burnet; François Clayer; Heidrun Feuchtmayr; Hans‐Peter Grossart; Dexter W. Howard; Heather Mariash; Jordi Delgado Martin; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Declining oxygen concentrations in the deep waters of lakes worldwide pose a pressing environmental and societal challenge. Existing theory suggests that low deep‐water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could trigger a positive feedback through which anoxia (i.e., very low DO) during a given summer begets increasingly severe occurrences of anoxia in following summers. Specifically, anoxic conditions can promote nutrient release from sediments, thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth, and subsequent phytoplankton decomposition can fuel heterotrophic respiration, resulting in increased spatial extent and duration of anoxia. However, while the individual relationships in this feedback are well established, to our knowledge, there has not been a systematic analysis within or across lakes that simultaneously demonstrates all of the mechanisms necessary to produce a positive feedback that reinforces anoxia. Here, we compiled data from 656 widespread temperate lakes and reservoirs to analyze the proposed anoxia begets anoxia feedback. Lakes in the dataset span a broad range of surface area (1–126,909 ha), maximum depth (6–370 m), and morphometry, with a median time‐series duration of 30 years at each lake. Using linear mixed models, we found support for each of the positive feedback relationships between anoxia, phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen demand across the 656‐lake dataset. Likewise, we found further support for these relationships by analyzing time‐series data from individual lakes. Our results indicate that the strength of these feedback relationships may vary with lake‐specific characteristics: For example, we found that surface phosphorus concentrations were more positively associated with chlorophyll a in high‐phosphorus lakes, and oxygen demand had a stronger influence on the extent of anoxia in deep lakes. Taken together, these results support the existence of a positive feedback that could magnify the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic pressures driving the development of anoxia in lakes around the world.

Diverse pathways for climate resilience in marine fishery systems - Jacob G. Eurich; Whitney R. Friedman; Kristin M. Kleisner; Lily Z. Zhao; Christopher M. Free; Meghan Fletcher; Julia G. Mason; Kanae Tokunaga; Alba Aguion; Andrea Dell'Apa; Mark Dickey‐Collas; Rod Fujita; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
Both the ecological and social dimensions of fisheries are being affected by climate change. As a result, policymakers, managers, scientists and fishing communities are seeking guidance on how to holistically build resilience to climate change. Numerous studies have highlighted key attributes of resilience in fisheries, yet concrete examples that explicitly link these attributes to social‐ecological outcomes are lacking. To better understand climate resilience, we assembled 18 case studies spanning ecological, socio‐economic, governance and geographic contexts. Using a novel framework for evaluating 38 resilience attributes, the case studies were systematically assessed to understand how attributes enable or inhibit resilience to a given climate stressor. We found population abundance, learning capacity, and responsive governance were the most important attributes for conferring resilience, with ecosystem connectivity, place attachment, and accountable governance scoring the strongest across the climate‐resilient fisheries. We used these responses to develop an attribute typology that describes robust sources of resilience, actionable priority attributes and attributes that are case specific or require research. We identified five fishery archetypes to guide stakeholders as they set long‐term goals and prioritize actions to improve resilience. Lastly, we found evidence for two pathways to resilience: (1) building ecological assets and strengthening communities, which we observed in rural and small‐scale fisheries, and (2) building economic assets and improving effective governance, which was demonstrated in urban and wealthy fisheries. Our synthesis presents a novel framework that can be directly applied to identify approaches, pathways and actionable levers for improving climate resilience in fishery systems.

Health-promoting germinated rice and value-added foods: a comprehensive and systematic review of germination effects on brown rice - John C. Beaulieu; Stephen M. Boue; Piebiep Goufo (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023)

Observing Antarctic Bottom Water in the Southern Ocean - Alessandro Silvano; Sarah Purkey; Arnold L. Gordon; Pasquale Castagno; Andrew L. Stewart; Stephen R. Rintoul; Annie Foppert; Kathryn L. Gunn; Laura Herraiz-Borreguero; Shigeru Aoki; Yoshihiro Nakayama; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Dense, cold waters formed on Antarctic continental shelves descend along the Antarctic continental margin, where they mix with other Southern Ocean waters to form Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW then spreads into the deepest parts of all major ocean basins, isolating heat and carbon from the atmosphere for centuries. Despite AABW’s key role in regulating Earth’s climate on long time scales and in recording Southern Ocean conditions, AABW remains poorly observed. This lack of observational data is mostly due to two factors. First, AABW originates on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope where in situ measurements are limited and ocean observations by satellites are hampered by persistent sea ice cover and long periods of darkness in winter. Second, north of the Antarctic continental slope, AABW is found below approximately 2 km depth, where in situ observations are also scarce and satellites cannot provide direct measurements. Here, we review progress made during the past decades in observing AABW. We describe 1) long-term monitoring obtained by moorings, by ship-based surveys, and beneath ice shelves through bore holes; 2) the recent development of autonomous observing tools in coastal Antarctic and deep ocean systems; and 3) alternative approaches including data assimilation models and satellite-derived proxies. The variety of approaches is beginning to transform our understanding of AABW, including its formation processes, temporal variability, and contribution to the lower limb of the global ocean meridional overturning circulation. In particular, these observations highlight the key role played by winds, sea ice, and the Antarctic Ice Sheet in AABW-related processes. We conclude by discussing future avenues for observing and understanding AABW, impressing the need for a sustained and coordinated observing system.

The Southern Ocean carbon and climate observations and modeling (SOCCOM) project: A review - Jorge L. Sarmiento; Kenneth S. Johnson; Lionel A. Arteaga; Seth M. Bushinsky; Heidi M. Cullen; Alison R. Gray; Roberta M. Hotinski; Tanya L. Maurer; Matthew R. Mazloff; Stephen C. Riser; Joellen L. Russell; Oscar M. Schofield; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Phylogeography, hybrid zones and contemporary species boundaries in the south-eastern Australian smooth frogs (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Geocrinia) - Thomas Parkin; Stephen C. Donnellan; Benjamin Parkin; Glenn M. Shea; Jodi J.L. Rowley (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries - J. Robert Britton; Adrian C. Pinder; Josep Alós; Robert Arlinghaus; Andy J. Danylchuk; Wendy Edwards; Kátia M. F. Freire; Casper Gundelund; Kieran Hyder; Ivan Jarić; Robert Lennox; Wolf-Christian Lewin; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)
The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (up to and including 2019); ‘acute pandemic’ (2020) and ‘COVID-acclimated’ (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress.

Dormancy and Physiological Age of Seed Tubers from a Diverse Set of Potato Cultivars Grown at Different Altitudes and in Different Seasons in Kenya - Thomas K. Kwambai; Denis Griffin; Moses Nyongesa; Stephen Byrne; Monica Gorman; Paul C. Struik (Potato Research, 2023)
The study was conducted to determine the dormancy and physiological age characteristics of diverse potato genotypes as influenced by growing altitudes and seasons for future breeding strategies and optimal patterns of use. Dormancy and sprouting characteristics have an impact on tuber production, storability and seed quality for planting and ware for consumption and the market. This study presents the results of dormancy and physiological age measurements conducted on 47 potato genotypes grown at three altitudes with three replications at each location and in two contrasting growing seasons. The seed tubers were evaluated at low altitude under darkness on moist sand storage conditions to assess their dormancy release, number of sprouts, sprout weight, sprout length and percentage tuber weight loss. Results showed significant ( p < 0.001) differences among genotypes, locations and seasons, and significant interactions between these factors for days to dormancy release, number of sprouts per tuber at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, length of longest sprout, weight loss percentage of unsprouted and sprouted tubers at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, respectively. There was a wide variation in time to dormancy release (54 to 136 days); most genotypes showed medium to long dormancy. Seed tubers grown at low altitude showed longer dormancy than those grown at higher altitudes, while genotypic differences in dormancy were very consistent across environments. Genotypes strongly differed in sprouting characteristics and weight loss. There were highly significant interactions between altitude and season for all variables assessed, except for the number of sprouts 45 days after dormancy release and the weight loss after sprouting. Generally, the genotypic effects were larger than those of altitude, season and the interaction effects for all variables evaluated. This paper will allow variety selection to optimize seed quality at planting and minimize storage losses while providing new targets for breeders.

Mouse phenome database: curated data repository with interactive multi-population and multi-trait analyses - Molly A. Bogue; Robyn L. Ball; David O. Walton; Matthew H. Dunn; Georgi Kolishovski; Alexander Berger; Anna Lamoureux; Stephen C. Grubb; Matthew Gerring; Matthew Kim; Hongping Liang; Jake Emerson; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2023)
The Mouse Phenome Database continues to serve as a curated repository and analysis suite for measured attributes of members of diverse mouse populations. The repository includes annotation to community standard ontologies and guidelines, a database of allelic states for 657 mouse strains, a collection of protocols, and analysis tools for flexible, interactive, user directed analyses that increasingly integrates data across traits and populations. The database has grown from its initial focus on a standard set of inbred strains to include heterogeneous mouse populations such as the Diversity Outbred and mapping crosses and well as Collaborative Cross, Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, and recombinant inbred strains. Most recently the system has expanded to include data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. Collectively these data are accessible by API and provided with an interactive tool suite that enables users’ persistent selection, storage, and operation on collections of measures. The tool suite allows basic analyses, advanced functions with dynamic visualization including multi-population meta-analysis, multivariate outlier detection, trait pattern matching, correlation analyses and other functions. The data resources and analysis suite provide users a flexible environment in which to explore the basis of phenotypic variation in health and disease across the lifespan.

Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models - Kathryn Whitman; Ricky Egeland; Ian G. Richardson; Clayton Allison; Philip Quinn; Janet Barzilla; Irina Kitiashvili; Viacheslav Sadykov; Hazel M. Bain; Mark Dierckxsens; M. Leila Mays; Tilaye Tadesse; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Gross ecosystem product (GEP): Quantifying nature for environmental and economic policy innovation - Hua Zheng; Tong Wu; Zhiyun Ouyang; Stephen Polasky; Mary Ruckelshaus; Lijuan Wang; Yi Xiao; Xiaolong Gao; Cong Li; Gretchen C. Daily (Ambio, 2023)
The large-scale loss of ecosystem assets around the world, and the resultant reduction in the provision of nature’s benefits to people, underscores the urgent need for better metrics of ecological performance as well as their integration into decision-making. Gross ecosystem product (GEP) is a measure of the aggregate monetary value of final ecosystem-related goods and services in a specific area and for a given accounting period. GEP accounting captures the use of many ecosystem services in production processes across the economy, which are then valued in terms of their benefits to society. GEP has five key elements that make it transparent, trackable, and readily understandable: (1) a focus on nature’s contributions to people; (2) the measurement of ecosystem assets as stocks and ecosystem services as flows; (3) the quantification of ecosystem service use; (4) an understanding of ecosystem service supply chains through value realization; and (5) the disaggregation of benefits across groups. Correspondingly, a series of innovative policies based on GEP have been designed and implemented in China. The theoretical and practical lessons provided by these experiences can support continued policy innovation for green and inclusive development around the world.

Kinorhynch communities of Mobile Bay, Alabama - Madison C. Kennedy; Martin V. Sørensen; Nuria Sánchez; Stephen C. Landers (Marine Biology Research, 2023)

Changing nutritional seascapes of kelp forests - Tanika C. Shalders; Curtis Champion; Kirsten Benkendorff; Tom Davis; Thomas Wernberg; Stephen Morris; Melinda A. Coleman (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Ocean warming and short-term extreme events (e.g. marine heatwaves) are becoming more intense and frequent and have had major impacts on ecosystems. Seaweeds are foundational components of temperate reefs, providing nutrition for a diversity of species and underpinning temperate food webs. While the impacts of climate-driven environmental change on seaweed distribution, abundance and interactions are well studied, potential impacts on the provision of nutrients from seaweeds and their availability to consumers remain poorly understood. Here, we use metabolomic and lipidomic approaches to understand how the provision of nutrients from key seaweeds may be altered under climate change. We optimize a small-scale microextraction technique to test the effects of warming and marine heatwaves on the nutritional quality of two Australian habitat-forming seaweeds; Ecklonia and Sargassum . We then model changes in lipid availability in response to climate-driven ocean warming throughout Ecklonia ’s eastern Australian distribution. Contrary to expectations, ocean warming and marine heatwaves had limited effects on seaweed nutritional quality, indicating resilience in the nutritional value of these species to climate-driven warming. However, nutritional quality varied significantly between species, which presents new implications for predicted species redistributions from the base of the food chain. Modelling revealed a projected net loss of 3.5% of lipids across the east coast of Australia by 2100 under RCP 8.5 in response to shifts in the redistribution of Ecklonia biomass. The climate-driven redistribution of seaweeds is likely to alter the availability of seaweed-derived nutrients to consumers, which may have broad implications for the transfer of energy within temperate marine food webs.

Antioxidants green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid confer species and strain-specific lifespan and health effects in Caenorhabditis nematodes - Stephen A. Banse; Christine A. Sedore; Erik Johnson; Anna L. Coleman-Hulbert; Brian Onken; David Hall; E. Grace Jackson; Phu Huynh; Anna C. Foulger; Suzhen Guo; Theo Garrett; Jian Xue; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) is an NIH-funded research consortium of investigators who conduct analyses at three independent sites to identify chemical interventions that reproducibly promote health and lifespan in a robust manner. The founding principle of the CITP is that compounds with positive effects across a genetically diverse panel of Caenorhabditis species and strains are likely engaging conserved biochemical pathways to exert their effects. As such, interventions that are broadly efficacious might be considered prominent compounds for translation for pre-clinical research and human clinical applications. Here, we report results generated using a recently streamlined pipeline approach for the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on lifespan and health. We studied five compounds previously shown to extend C. elegans lifespan or thought to promote mammalian health: 17α-estradiol, acarbose, green tea extract, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and rapamycin. We found that green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend Caenorhabditis lifespan in a species-specific manner. Additionally, these two antioxidants conferred assay-specific effects in some studies—for example, decreasing survival for certain genetic backgrounds in manual survival assays in contrast with extended lifespan as assayed using automated C. elegans Lifespan Machines. We also observed that GTE and NDGA impact on older adult mobility capacity is dependent on genetic background, and that GTE reduces oxidative stress resistance in some Caenorhabditis strains. Overall, our analysis of the five compounds supports the general idea that genetic background and assay type can influence lifespan and health effects of compounds, and underscores that lifespan and health can be uncoupled by chemical interventions.

Land degradation neutrality: Testing the indicator in a temperate agricultural landscape - Amy Thomas; Laura Bentley; Chris Feeney; Stephen Lofts; Ciaran Robb; Ed C Rowe; Amanda Thomson; Eleanor Warren-Thomas; Bridget Emmett (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Efficacy of commercial peroxyacetic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms on stainless steel and Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) surfaces - Dan Wang; Jon S. Palmer; Graham C. Fletcher; Stephen L.W. On; Dragana Gagic; Steve H. Flint (International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2023)

Estuarine-coastal connectivity and partial migration of southern flounder in the Gulf of Mexico - Christopher Steffen; Shane Stephens; Michael A. Dance; Daniel L. Lippi; Christine C. Jensen; R.J. David Wells; Jay R. Rooker (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Pseudomonas umsongensis GO16 as a platform for the in vivo synthesis of short and medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate blends - Federico Cerrone; Binbin Zhou; Agathe Mouren; Luc Avérous; Stephen Conroy; Jeremy C. Simpson; Kevin E. O'Connor; Tanja Narancic (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Are associations between obesity and prostate cancer outcomes following radical prostatectomy the same in smokers and non-smokers? Results from the SEARCH Cohort - Ivy T. Liu; Lin Gu; Amanda M. De Hoedt; Matthew R. Cooperberg; Christopher L. Amling; Christopher J. Kane; Zachary Klaassen; Martha K. Terris; Lourdes Guerrios-Rivera; Adriana C. Vidal; William J. Aronson; Stephen J. Freedland; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

Hydraulic Bottom Friction and Aerodynamic Roughness Coefficients for Mangroves in Southwest Florida, USA - Stephen C. Medeiros (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
Mangroves are a natural feature that enhance the resilience of natural and built coastal environments worldwide. They mitigate the impacts of hurricanes by dissipating energy from storm surges and waves, as well as reducing wind speeds. To incorporate mangroves into storm surge simulations, surface roughness parameters that accurately capture mangrove effects are required. These effects are typically parameterized using Manning’s n bottom friction coefficient for overland flow and aerodynamic roughness length (z0) for wind speed reduction. This paper presents the suggested values for these surface roughness parameters based on field observation and a novel voxel-based processing method for laser scanning point clouds. The recommended Manning’s n and z0 values for mangroves in southwest Florida are 0.138 and 2.34 m, respectively. The data were also used to retrain a previously developed random forest model to predict these surface roughness parameters based on point cloud statistics. The addition of the mangrove sites to the training data produced mixed results, improving the predictions of z0 while weakening the predictions of Manning’s n. The paper concludes that machine learning models developed to predict environmental attributes using small datasets with predictor features containing subjective estimates are sensitive to the uncertainty in the field observations.

Metrics matter: Multiple diversity metrics at different spatial scales are needed to understand species diversity in urban environments - Kathryn A. O'Shaughnessy; Antony M. Knights; Stephen J. Hawkins; Mick E. Hanley; Paul Lunt; Richard C. Thompson; Louise B. Firth (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Long-term glacial and fluvial system coupling in southern Greece and evidence for glaciation during Marine Isotope Stage 16 - Richard J.J. Pope; Philip D. Hughes; Jamie C. Woodward; Stephen Noble; Diana Sahy; Emmanuel Skourtsos (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Insights into the interaction between defrosting seasonal ices and gully activity from CaSSIS and HiRISE observations in Sisyphi Cavi, Mars - K. Pasquon; S.J. Conway; M. Vincendon; M. Massé; J. Raack; A. Noblet; A. Grau Galofre; C. Morino; G. Munaretto; A. Lucchetti; M. Pajola; Stephen R. Lewis (Planetary and Space Science, 2023)

Advancing chemical lability assessments of organic matter using a synthesis of FT-ICR MS data across diverse environments and experiments - Juliana D'Andrilli; Carlos M. Romero; Phoebe Zito; David C. Podgorski; Robert A. Payn; Stephen D. Sebestyen; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz (Organic Geochemistry, 2023)

Histopathological changes in the greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus, in response to chronic thermal stress - Joanna S. Copedo; Stephen C. Webb; Norman L.C. Ragg; Jessica A. Ericson; Leonie Venter; Alfonso J. Schmidt; Natalí J. Delorme; Andrea C. Alfaro (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2023)

Application of organic petrology and chemistry in forensic studies of solid waste sites - James C. Hower; Stephen D. Emsbo-Mattingly; Maria Mastalerz; Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2023)

Ecophenotypic variation or genetic differentiation? Ambiguity of morphological and molecular relationships presents uncertainty in host-specific plasticity of Chelonibia barnacles - Emily C. Hyatt; William K. Hayes; Stephen G. Dunbar (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Strong breeding colony fidelity in northern gannets following high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreak - David Grémillet; Aurore Ponchon; Pascal Provost; Amandine Gamble; Mouna Abed-Zahar; Alice Bernard; Nicolas Courbin; Grégoire Delavaud; Armel Deniau; Jérôme Fort; Keith C. Hamer; Ruth Jeavons; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Effect of the mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator ADX-88178 on parkinsonism, psychosis-like behaviours and dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset - Imane Frouni; Cynthia Kwan; Dominique Bédard; Woojin Kang; Adjia Hamadjida; Stephen G. Nuara; Jim C. Gourdon; Philippe Huot (Psychopharmacology, 2023)

The mGluR2/3 orthosteric agonist LY-404,039 reduces dyskinesia, psychosis-like behaviours and parkinsonism in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset - Woojin Kang; Stephen G. Nuara; Dominique Bédard; Imane Frouni; Cynthia Kwan; Adjia Hamadjida; Jim C. Gourdon; Fleur Gaudette; Francis Beaudry; Philippe Huot (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2023)

Den site selection by eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in the Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina - Anna C. Siegfried; Stephen N. Harris; Colleen Olfenbuttel; David S. Jachowski (Mammal Research, 2023)

Examining the Potential Formation of Ternary DNA Complexes with Chromium‑Cysteine, Chromium-Ascorbate, and Chromium-Glutathione and Implications for Their Carcinogenicity - Sydney Marchi; Emma Lankford; Bradley Dorin; Eilidh Drummond; Sumner C. Thomas; Stephen A. Woski; John B. Vincent (Biological Trace Element Research, 2023)

Maximizing soil organic carbon stocks under cover cropping: insights from long-term agricultural experiments in North America - Yajun Peng; Elizabeth L. Rieke; Inderjot Chahal; Charlotte E. Norris; Ken Janovicek; Jeffrey P. Mitchell; Kraig L. Roozeboom; Zachary D. Hayden; Jeffrey S. Strock; Stephen Machado; Virginia R. Sykes; Bill Deen; et al. (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

BioDeepTime: A database of biodiversity time series for modern and fossil assemblages - Jansen Smith; Marina C. Rillo; Ádám T. Kocsis; Maria Dornelas; David Fastovich; Huai‐Hsuan M. Huang; Lukas Jonkers; Wolfgang Kiessling; Qijian Li; Lee Hsiang Liow; Miranda Margulis‐Ohnuma; Stephen Meyers; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Motivation We have little understanding of how communities respond to varying magnitudes and rates of environmental perturbations across temporal scales. BioDeepTime harmonizes assemblage time series of presence and abundance data to help facilitate investigations of community dynamics across timescales and the response of communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors. BioDeepTime includes time series of terrestrial and aquatic assemblages of varying spatial and temporal grain and extent from the present‐day to millions of years ago. Main Types of Variables Included BioDeepTime currently contains 7,437,847 taxon records from 10,062 assemblage time series, each with a minimum of 10 time steps. Age constraints, sampling method, environment and taxonomic scope are provided for each time series. Spatial Location and Grain The database includes 8752 unique sampling locations from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial grain represented by individual samples varies from quadrats on the order of several cm 2 to grid cells of ~100 km 2 . Time Period and Grain BioDeepTime in aggregate currently spans the last 451 million years, with the 10,062 modern and fossil assemblage time series ranging in extent from years to millions of years. The median extent of modern time series is 18.7 years and for fossil series is 54,872 years. Temporal grain, the time encompassed by individual samples, ranges from days to tens of thousands of years. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database contains information on 28,777 unique taxa with 4,769,789 records at the species level and another 271,218 records known to the genus level, including time series of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophores, diatoms, ostracods, plants (pollen), radiolarians and other invertebrates and vertebrates. There are to date 7012 modern and 3050 fossil time series in BioDeepTime. Software Format SQLite, Comma‐separated values.

Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams - Francine H. Mejia; Valerie Ouellet; Martin A. Briggs; Stephanie M. Carlson; Roser Casas‐Mulet; Mollie Chapman; Mathias J. Collins; Stephen J. Dugdale; Joseph L. Ebersole; Danielle M. Frechette; Aimee H. Fullerton; Carole‐Anne Gillis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold‐water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short‐term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold‐water refuges. We review current understanding of cold‐water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold‐water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold‐water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold‐water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold‐water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.

The influence of complex matrices on method performance in extracting and monitoring for microplastics - Leah M. Thornton Hampton; Hannah De Frond; Kristine Gesulga; Syd Kotar; Wenjian Lao; Cindy Matuch; Stephen B. Weisberg; Charles S. Wong; Susanne Brander; Silke Christansen; Cayla R. Cook; Fangni Du; et al. (Chemosphere, 2023)

Global review reveals how disparate study motivations, analytical designs, and focal ions limit understanding of salinization effects on freshwater animals - Richard H. Walker; Abigail C. Belvin; Joshua B. Mouser; Amanda Pennino; Stephen Plont; Christopher D. Robinson; Lucy B. Smith; Jyoti Thapa; Carl E. Zipper; Paul L. Angermeier; Sally A. Entrekin (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Distribution of [11C]-JNJ-42491293 in the marmoset brain: a positron emission tomography study - Min Su Kang; Adjia Hamadjida; Dominique Bédard; Stephen G. Nuara; Jim C. Gourdon; Stephen Frey; Arturo Aliaga; Karen Ross; Robert Hopewell; Hussein Bdair; Axel Mathieu; Christine Lucas Tardif; et al. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2023)

Editorial - Stephen C. Bowden; David W. Loring (Neuropsychology Review, 2023)

The spontaneous mouse mutant low set ears (Lse) is caused by tandem duplication of Fgf3 and Fgf4 - Alana Luzzio; Sarah Edie; Kristina Palmer; L. Brianna Caddle; Rachel Urban; Leslie O. Goodwin; Ian C. Welsh; Laura G. Reinholdt; David E. Bergstrom; Timothy C. Cox; Leah Rae Donahue; Stephen A. Murray (Mammalian Genome, 2023)

Inter- and intra-specific dietary overlap in predacious bi-phasic salamanders - Jacob M. Hutton; Stephen C. Richter; Steven J. Price (Hydrobiologia, 2023)

Three weeks of mental training changes physiological outcomes during a time trial to exhaustion - Timothy A. VanHaitsma; Stephen P. Gonzalez; Sten Kajitani; Emma Gabriano; Gavin E. Hoiosen; Michael C. Oldach; Karly L. Kingsley (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)
Mental training (MT) can increase endurance performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the minimum dose of mental training needed to increase performance and elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying this improvement. In a randomized between groups pre-test–post-test design, 33 participants visited the lab on 6 separate days. A VO 2peak with ventilatory threshold (VT) was performed on day 1. The subsequent visits consisted of time trials to exhaustion (TTE) performed at 10% above VT. Between visit 3 and 6, the MT group ( n = 16) watched a video for 10–15 min each day for 3 weeks, while the control group (CON; n = 17) did no mental training. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), VAS scores for pain and fatigue, electromyography, and metabolic and neuromuscular data were collected and recorded during the time trials. The GRIT-S and CD-RISC 10 surveys were completed before study days 3 and 6. TTE increased significantly for MT beginning after 2 weeks (10.0 ± 13.1%) with no further change after 3 weeks (10.4 ± 13.2). TTE also significantly decreased during the last TTE for CON (−10.3 ± 12.7). VO 2 , ventilation, and frequency of breathing were significantly reduced in the latter stages of the TTE for MT. EMG was also significantly decreased for MT as compared for CON throughout the trial. Three weeks of mental training improves performance by reducing EMG, decreasing activation of the muscle and reducing metabolic factors during the latter stages of exercise.

Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode‐amphipod system - David M. Rand; Joaquin C. B. Nunez; Shawn Williams; Stephen Rong; John T. Burley; Kimberly B. Neil; Adam N. Spierer; Wilson McKerrow; David S. Johnson; Yevgeniy Raynes; Thomas J. Fayton; Nicholas Skvir; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host–parasite coevolution. The trematode ( Levinseniella byrdi ) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host ( Orchestia grillus ) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Exploiting a living biobank to delineate mechanisms underlying disease-specific chromosome instability - Louisa Nelson; Bethany M. Barnes; Anthony Tighe; Samantha Littler; Camilla Coulson-Gilmer; Anya Golder; Sudha Desai; Robert D. Morgan; Joanne C. McGrail; Stephen S. Taylor (Chromosome Research, 2023)
Chromosome instability (CIN) is a cancer hallmark that drives tumour heterogeneity, phenotypic adaptation, drug resistance and poor prognosis. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), one of the most chromosomally unstable tumour types, has a 5-year survival rate of only ~30% — largely due to late diagnosis and rapid development of drug resistance, e.g., via CIN-driven ABCB1 translocations. However, CIN is also a cell cycle vulnerability that can be exploited to specifically target tumour cells, illustrated by the success of PARP inhibitors to target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). However, a lack of appropriate models with ongoing CIN has been a barrier to fully exploiting disease-specific CIN mechanisms. This barrier is now being overcome with the development of patient-derived cell cultures and organoids. In this review, we describe our progress building a Living Biobank of over 120 patient-derived ovarian cancer models (OCMs), predominantly from HGSOC. OCMs are highly purified tumour fractions with extensive proliferative potential that can be analysed at early passage. OCMs have diverse karyotypes, display intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity and mitotic abnormality rates far higher than established cell lines. OCMs encompass a broad-spectrum of HGSOC hallmarks, including a range of p53 alterations and BRCA1/2 mutations, and display drug resistance mechanisms seen in the clinic, e.g., ABCB1 translocations and BRCA2 reversion. OCMs are amenable to functional analysis, drug-sensitivity profiling, and multi-omics, including single-cell next-generation sequencing, and thus represent a platform for delineating HGSOC-specific CIN mechanisms. In turn, our vision is that this understanding will inform the design of new therapeutic strategies.

Development of a 10-m resolution maize and soybean map over China: Matching satellite-based crop classification with sample-based area estimation - Haijun Li; Xiao-Peng Song; Matthew C. Hansen; Inbal Becker-Reshef; Bernard Adusei; Jeffrey Pickering; Li Wang; Lei Wang; Zhengyang Lin; Viviana Zalles; Peter Potapov; Stephen V. Stehman; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Ex Vivo Modeling of Atrioventricular Valve Mechanics in Single Ventricle Physiology - Stephen C. Moye; Sumanth Kidambi; James Y. Lee; Teaghan H. Cowles; Shane D. Gilligan-Steinberg; Amelia Y. Bryan; Rob Wilkerson; Y. Joseph Woo; Michael R. Ma (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)

Editorial: Vulnerability and resilience of marine ecosystems affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill - Donald F. Boesch; Just Cebrian; Vanessa F. Fonseca; Stephen C. Landers; N. Justin Marshall (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)

Functional Zoning by Site Index to Balance Multiple Objectives for Pine in Southern US Family Forests - Bradley S Resch; Austin Himes; Stephen C Grado; Robert K Grala; Bruno Kanieski da Silva (Journal of Forestry, 2023)
Family forests comprise a significant portion of total forest land area in the southern United States and their owners frequently have multiple, competing objectives. This research evaluated the effectiveness of functional zoning based on site index on forest sizes relevant to family forest owners. A total of fifty family forests were randomly selected from twenty-five counties in the East Texas Pineywoods region. Timber production and northern bobwhite habitat (Colinus virginianus) habitat were used as proxies for competing objectives. It was found that 80% of family forest parcels had sufficient site index heterogeneity to benefit from functional zoning. For forest parcels that could benefit from functional zoning, the benefit in terms of increased land expectation value (LEV) was not found to be dependent on parcel size. On average, this approach increased the LEV $32/ac at a 3% discount rate, $16/ac at 5%, and $9/ac at 7%. This zoning approach supports multiple objectives while minimizing the economic impact of the nonrevenue objectives.

Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Ageing - Angelo Arleo; Martin Bareš; Jessica A. Bernard; Hannah R. Bogoian; Muriel M. K. Bruchhage; Patrick Bryant; Erik S. Carlson; Chetwyn C. H. Chan; Liang-Kung Chen; Chih-Ping Chung; Vonetta M. Dotson; Pavel Filip; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2023)

Primary and pharmaceutical care usage concurrent associations with a severe smoke episode and low ambient air pollution in early life - Myriam Ziou; Caroline X. Gao; Amanda J. Wheeler; Graeme R. Zosky; Nicola Stephens; Luke D. Knibbs; Grant J. Williamson; Shannon M. Melody; Alison J. Venn; Marita F. Dalton; Shyamali C. Dharmage; Fay H. Johnston (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Animal population decline and recovery after severe fire: Relating ecological and life history traits with expert estimates of population impacts from the Australian 2019-20 megafires - Michelle Ensbey; Sarah Legge; Chris J. Jolly; Stephen T. Garnett; Rachael V. Gallagher; Mark Lintermans; Dale G. Nimmo; Libby Rumpff; Ben C. Scheele; Nick S. Whiterod; John C.Z. Woinarski; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

In-situ detection scheme for EGFR gene with temperature and pH compensation using a triple-channel optical fiber biosensor - Xuegang Li; Pengqi Gong; Xue Zhou; Shankun Wang; Yingxuan Liu; Yanan Zhang; Linh V. Nguyen; Stephen C. Warren-Smith; Yong Zhao (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2023)

Development of a field-deployable qPCR assay for real-time pest monitoring in algal cultivation systems - Monica R. Sanchez; Ellen Denning; Thomas C. Biondi; Blake Hovde; Stephen Eacker; Stephanie Getto; Harmanpreet Kaur; Ahlem Jebali; Isidora Echenique-Subiabre; Matt Green; Julia Gerber; Ben Auch; et al. (Algal Research, 2023)

Establishing effective conservation management strategies for a poorly known endangered species: a case study using Australia’s Night Parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) - Nicholas P. Leseberg; Alex Kutt; Megan C. Evans; Tida Nou; Scott Spillias; Zoe Stone; Jessica C. Walsh; Stephen A. Murphy; Mike Bamford; Allan H. Burbidge; Kate Crossing; Robert A. Davis; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)
An evidence-based approach to the conservation management of a species requires knowledge of that species’ status, distribution, ecology, and threats. Coupled with budgets for specific conservation strategies, this knowledge allows prioritisation of funding toward activities that maximise benefit for the species. However, many threatened species are poorly known, and determining which conservation strategies will achieve this is difficult. Such cases require approaches that allow decision-making under uncertainty. Here we used structured expert elicitation to estimate the likely benefit of potential management strategies for the Critically Endangered and, until recently, poorly known Night Parrot ( Pezoporus occidentalis ). Experts considered cat management the single most effective management strategy for the Night Parrot. However, a combination of protecting and actively managing existing intact Night Parrot habitat through management of grazing, controlling feral cats, and managing fire specifically to maintain Night Parrot habitat was thought to result in the greatest conservation gains. The most cost-effective strategies were thought to be fire management to maintain Night Parrot habitat, and intensive cat management using control methods that exploit local knowledge of cat movements and ecology. Protecting and restoring potentially suitable, but degraded, Night Parrot habitat was considered the least effective and least cost-effective strategy. These expert judgements provide an informed starting point for land managers implementing on-ground programs targeting the Night Parrot, and those developing policy aimed at the species’ longer-term conservation. As a set of hypotheses, they should be implemented, assessed, and improved within an adaptive management framework that also considers the likely co-benefits of these strategies for other species and ecosystems. The broader methodology is applicable to conservation planning for the management and conservation of other poorly known threatened species.

Millimetre‐scale pollen analysis of non‐varved lacustrine sediments from Onepoto maar palaeolake, Auckland, reveals distal vegetation responses and landscape recovery following the ~25.5‐ka Ōruanui supereruption, New Zealand - Stephen B. Piva; Simon J. Barker; Rewi M. Newnham; Andrew B. H. Rees; Colin J. N. Wilson; Lionel Carter; Nels A. Iverson; Benjamin Läuchli; Paul C. Augustinus (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2023)
The ~25.5‐ka Ōruanui supereruption (Taupō volcano, New Zealand) erupted >1100 km 3 of pyroclastic material during the Last Glacial Maximum. The impacts of this event on climate and the New Zealand environment remain unresolved, particularly on ecological timescales. Using sediment cores from Onepoto maar palaeolake, Auckland (~240 km upwind from source), we have analysed pollen assemblages at contiguous 1‐mm intervals, around an intact 3‐cm layer of the Kawakawa‐Ōruanui Tephra to resolve and assess post‐eruption vegetation impacts and landscape recovery. Sediments immediately above the tephra record a decline in the relative abundance of the dominant canopy species of Fuscospora , and concurrent increase in the abundances of grasses, herbs, ferns and shrubs. These changes reflect a brief (

In loving memory of Prof. A.T. Williams: A life dedicated to Coastal Geomorphology, Conservation and Management - Adriana Gracia C.; Andrew Cooper; Andrew Short; Anton Micallef; Ayşen Ergin; Carlos Pereira da Silva; Chris House; Enzo Pranzini; Frank van der Meulen; Julian Orford; Michael Phillips; Omar Alharbi; et al. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023)

Sex-specific respiratory and systemic endocrine effects of acute acrolein and trichloroethylene inhalation - Devin I. Alewel; Thomas W. Jackson; Samuel A. Vance; Mette C. Schladweiler; Paul A. Evansky; Andres R. Henriquez; Rachel Grindstaff; Stephen H. Gavett; Urmila P. Kodavanti (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Resolving when (and where) the Thylacine went extinct - Barry W. Brook; Stephen R. Sleightholme; Cameron R. Campbell; Ivan Jarić; Jessie C. Buettel (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Late Cenozoic history and the role of Beringia in assembling a Holarctic cestode species complex - Kurt E. Galbreath; Arseny A. Makarikov; Kayce C. Bell; Stephen E. Greiman; Julie M. Allen; Genevieve M.S. Haas; Chenhong Li; Joseph A. Cook; Eric P. Hoberg (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Analyzing the impact of agricultural BMPs on stream nutrient load and biotic health in the Susquehanna-Chemung basin of New York - Zi Xun Kua; Cassandra M. Davis; Lauren A. Townley; John C. Stella; Stephen B. Shaw (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Managing forest genetic resources for an uncertain future: findings and perspectives from an international conference - Juliette Archambeau; Simone Bianchi; Joukje Buiteveld; Marta Callejas-Díaz; Stephen Cavers; Henrik Hallingbäck; Chedly Kastally; Marina de Miguel; Sven Mutke; Leopoldo Sánchez; Richard Whittet; Santiago C. González-Martínez; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2023)

Correction: Reading the biomineralized book of life: expanding otolith biogeochemical research and applications for fisheries and ecosystem-based management - Patrick Reis-Santos; Bronwyn M. Gillanders; Anna M. Sturrock; Christopher Izzo; Dion S. Oxman; Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont; Karin Hüssy; Susanne E. Tanner; Troy Rogers; Zoë A. Doubleday; Allen H. Andrews; Clive Trueman; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)

Reading the biomineralized book of life: expanding otolith biogeochemical research and applications for fisheries and ecosystem-based management - Patrick Reis-Santos; Bronwyn M. Gillanders; Anna M. Sturrock; Christopher Izzo; Dion S. Oxman; Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont; Karin Hüssy; Susanne E. Tanner; Troy Rogers; Zoë A. Doubleday; Allen H. Andrews; Clive Trueman; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)
Chemical analysis of calcified structures continues to flourish, as analytical and technological advances enable researchers to tap into trace elements and isotopes taken up in otoliths and other archival tissues at ever greater resolution. Increasingly, these tracers are applied to refine age estimation and interpretation, and to chronicle responses to environmental stressors, linking these to ecological, physiological, and life-history processes. Here, we review emerging approaches and innovative research directions in otolith chemistry, as well as in the chemistry of other archival tissues, outlining their value for fisheries and ecosystem-based management, turning the spotlight on areas where such biomarkers can support decision making. We summarise recent milestones and the challenges that lie ahead to using otoliths and archival tissues as biomarkers, grouped into seven, rapidly expanding and application-oriented research areas that apply chemical analysis in a variety of contexts, namely: (1) supporting fish age estimation; (2) evaluating environmental stress, ecophysiology and individual performance; (3) confirming seafood provenance; (4) resolving connectivity and movement pathways; (5) characterising food webs and trophic interactions; (6) reconstructing reproductive life histories; and (7) tracing stock enhancement efforts. Emerging research directions that apply hard part chemistry to combat seafood fraud, quantify past food webs, as well as to reconcile growth, movement, thermal, metabolic, stress and reproductive life-histories provide opportunities to examine how harvesting and global change impact fish health and fisheries productivity. Ultimately, improved appreciation of the many practical benefits of archival tissue chemistry to fisheries and ecosystem-based management will support their increased implementation into routine monitoring. Graphical abstract

Comprehensive ECG reference intervals in C57BL/6N substrains provide a generalizable guide for cardiac electrophysiology studies in mice - Manuela A. Oestereicher; Janine M. Wotton; Shinya Ayabe; Ghina Bou About; Tsz Kwan Cheng; Jae-Hoon Choi; Dave Clary; Emily M. Dew; Lahcen Elfertak; Alain Guimond; Hamed Haseli Mashhadi; Jason D. Heaney; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2023)
Reference ranges provide a powerful tool for diagnostic decision-making in clinical medicine and are enormously valuable for understanding normality in pre-clinical scientific research that uses in vivo models. As yet, there are no published reference ranges for electrocardiography (ECG) in the laboratory mouse. The first mouse-specific reference ranges for the assessment of electrical conduction are reported herein generated from an ECG dataset of unprecedented scale. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium data from over 26,000 conscious or anesthetized C57BL/6N wildtype control mice were stratified by sex and age to develop robust ECG reference ranges. Interesting findings include that heart rate and key elements from the ECG waveform (RR-, PR-, ST-, QT-interval, QT corrected, and QRS complex) demonstrate minimal sexual dimorphism. As expected, anesthesia induces a decrease in heart rate and was shown for both inhalation (isoflurane) and injectable (tribromoethanol) anesthesia. In the absence of pharmacological, environmental, or genetic challenges, we did not observe major age-related ECG changes in C57BL/6N-inbred mice as the differences in the reference ranges of 12-week-old compared to 62-week-old mice were negligible. The generalizability of the C57BL/6N substrain reference ranges was demonstrated by comparison with ECG data from a wide range of non-IMPC studies. The close overlap in data from a wide range of mouse strains suggests that the C57BL/6N-based reference ranges can be used as a robust and comprehensive indicator of normality. We report a unique ECG reference resource of fundamental importance for any experimental study of cardiac function in mice.

A 37 K SNP array for the management and conservation of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) - Megan E. Judkins; Gary W. Roemer; Brian A. Millsap; Joseph G. Barnes; Bryan E. Bedrosian; Stephen L. Clarke; Robert Domenech; Garth Herring; Myles Lamont; Brian W. Smith; Dale W. Stahlecker; Matthew J. Stuber; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2023)

Elevated Galectin-9 across the human brain correlates with HIV neuropathology and detrimental cognitive states - Thomas A. Premeaux; Stephen T. Yeung; Satish K. Pillai; Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2023)

Occurrence of Perkinsus olseni and other parasites in New Zealand black‐footed abalone ( Haliotis iris ) - Farhana Muznebin; Andrea C. Alfaro; Stephen C. Webb (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2023)
The culture of endemic New Zealand black‐footed abalone ( Haliotis iris ) represents a growing aquaculture industry, which is potentially threatened by pathogens and parasites. To identify and characterise health risks, a targeted sampling event was conducted of healthy‐ and unhealthy‐looking abalone (shell deformities, tissue damage and brown creamy substance/fluid in tissues) at a land‐based farm. Histological analysis showed signs of ill health, including disrupted and swollen gills with haemocytosis, ceroid material and parasites, and muscle tissues with focal haemocytosis with parasites. For the first time in H. iris , detailed histological observations, followed by confirmatory in situ hybridisation (ISH) resulted in the identification of Perkinsus olseni (5% prevalence). Scyphidia‐ like ciliates (56%), Sphenophrya‐ like ciliates (5%), unidentified disintegrated ciliates (26%), intracellular bacterial microcolonies (IMCs) (9%), apicomplexan‐like cells (1%) and bacteria (2%) were also identified across organs. There was a significant association between the presence of P. olseni and IMCs. Immunological tissue responses (haemocytosis and ceroid material) and gill pathology were evaluated semi‐quantitatively and were significantly associated with P. olseni . Gross abalone appearance was also significantly associated with P. olseni and unidentified disintegrated ciliates. These findings indicate the types of pathogens and parasites found in cultured H. iris for future health assessment studies of this important aquaculture species.

Retaining natural vegetation to safeguard biodiversity and humanity - Jeremy S. Simmonds; Andres Felipe Suarez‐Castro; April E. Reside; James E. M. Watson; James R. Allan; Scott C. Atkinson; Pasquale Borrelli; Nigel Dudley; Stephen Edwards; Richard A. Fuller; Edward T. Game; Simon Linke; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Global efforts to deliver internationally agreed goals to reduce carbon emissions, halt biodiversity loss, and retain essential ecosystem services have been poorly integrated. These goals rely in part on preserving natural (e.g., native, largely unmodified) and seminatural (e.g., low intensity or sustainable human use) forests, woodlands, and grasslands. To show how to unify these goals, we empirically derived spatially explicit, quantitative, area‐based targets for the retention of natural and seminatural (e.g., native) terrestrial vegetation worldwide. We used a 250‐m‐resolution map of natural and seminatural vegetation cover and, from this, selected areas identified under different international agreements as being important for achieving global biodiversity, carbon, soil, and water targets. At least 67 million km 2 of Earth's terrestrial vegetation (∼79% of the area of vegetation remaining) required retention to contribute to biodiversity, climate, soil, and freshwater conservation objectives under 4 United Nations’ resolutions. This equates to retaining natural and seminatural vegetation across at least 50% of the total terrestrial (excluding Antarctica) surface of Earth. Retention efforts could contribute to multiple goals simultaneously, especially where natural and seminatural vegetation can be managed to achieve cobenefits for biodiversity, carbon storage, and ecosystem service provision. Such management can and should co‐occur and be driven by people who live in and rely on places where natural and sustainably managed vegetation remains in situ and must be complemented by restoration and appropriate management of more human‐modified environments if global goals are to be realized.

Copper, cadmium and nickel pollution inhibit growth and promote ascorbate catabolism in cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays - Fozia Farhat; Stephen C. Fry (Plant Biosystems, 2023)

Contribution of soil bacteria to the atmosphere across biomes - Stephen D.J. Archer; Kevin C. Lee; Tancredi Caruso; Antonio Alcami; Jonathan G. Araya; S. Craig Cary; Don A. Cowan; Claudia Etchebehere; Batdelger Gantsetseg; Benito Gomez-Silva; Sean Hartery; Ian D. Hogg; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Modelling parasite impacts of aquaculture on wild fish: The case of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on out-migrating wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt - Meadhbh Moriarty; Stephen C. Ives; Joanne M. Murphy; Alexander G. Murray (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2023)

Uranus ring occultation observations: 1977–2006 - Richard G. French; Colleen A. McGhee-French; Mitchell Gordon; Richard L. Baron; Amanda S. Bosh; Marc W. Buie; Nancy Chanover; Mary Ann Clark; Edward W. Dunham; Linda M. French; Ian S. Glass; Jay D. Goguen; et al. (Icarus, 2023)

Metabarcoding analysis of meiobenthic biodiversity along the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf - Pamela M. Brannock; Amanda W.J. Demopoulos; Stephen C. Landers; Damien S. Waits; Kenneth M. Halanych (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

A-type granites in space and time: Relationship to the supercontinent cycle and mantle events - Kent C. Condie; Sergei A. Pisarevsky; Stephen J. Puetz; Nick M.W. Roberts; Christopher J. Spencer (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Is collective nest site selection in ants influenced by the anchoring effect? - Grant Navid Doering; Lucas W. Talken; Stephen C. Pratt; Takao Sasaki (Behavioural Processes, 2023)

Evidence of trospium’s ability to mitigate cholinergic adverse events related to xanomeline: phase 1 study results - Alan Breier; Stephen K. Brannan; Steven M. Paul; Andrew C. Miller (Psychopharmacology, 2023)
Rationale The M 1 /M 4 preferring muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline demonstrated antipsychotic and procognitive effects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia in prior studies, but further clinical development was limited by cholinergic adverse events (AEs). KarXT combines xanomeline with the peripherally restricted muscarinic receptor antagonist trospium with the goal of improving tolerability and is in clinical development for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Objective Test the hypothesis that trospium can mitigate cholinergic AEs associated with xanomeline. Methods Healthy volunteers enrolled in this phase 1 (NCT02831231), single-site, 9-day, double-blind comparison of xanomeline alone ( n = 33) versus KarXT ( n = 35). Rates of five prespecified cholinergic AEs (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, salivary hypersecretion) were compared between treatment arms. Vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), safety laboratory values, and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were assessed. A self-administered visual analog scale (VAS) and clinician-administered scales were employed. Results Compared with xanomeline alone, KarXT reduced composite incidences of the five a priori selected cholinergic AEs by 46% and each individual AE by ≥ 29%. There were no episodes of syncope in KarXT-treated subjects; two cases occurred in the xanomeline-alone arm. The rate of postural dizziness was 11.4% in the KarXT arm versus 27.2% with xanomeline alone. ECG, vital signs, and laboratory values were not meaningfully different between treatment arms. The VAS and clinician-administered scales tended to favor KarXT. PK analysis revealed that trospium did not affect xanomeline’s PK profile. Conclusions Trospium was effective in mitigating xanomeline-related cholinergic AEs. KarXT had an improved safety profile compared with xanomeline alone.

Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across N orth A merica - Peter O. Dunn; Insiyaa Ahmed; Elise Armstrong; Natasha Barlow; Malcolm A. Barnard; Marc Bélisle; Thomas J. Benson; Lisha L. Berzins; Chloe K. Boynton; T. Anders Brown; Melissa Cady; Kyle Cameron; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
Climate change models often assume similar responses to temperatures across the range of a species, but local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity can lead plants and animals to respond differently to temperature in different parts of their range. To date, there have been few tests of this assumption at the scale of continents, so it is unclear if this is a large‐scale problem. Here, we examined the assumption that insect taxa show similar responses to temperature at 96 sites in grassy habitats across North America. We sampled insects with Malaise traps during 2019–2021 ( N = 1041 samples) and examined the biomass of insects in relation to temperature and time of season. Our samples mostly contained Diptera (33%), Lepidoptera (19%), Hymenoptera (18%), and Coleoptera (10%). We found strong regional differences in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature, even within the same taxonomic group, habitat type, and time of season. For example, the biomass of nematoceran flies increased across the season in the central part of the continent, but it only showed a small increase in the Northeast and a seasonal decline in the Southeast and West. At a smaller scale, insect biomass at different traps operating on the same days was correlated up to ~75 km apart. Large‐scale geographic and phenological variation in insect biomass and abundance has not been studied well, and it is a major source of controversy in previous analyses of insect declines that have aggregated studies from different locations and time periods. Our study illustrates that large‐scale predictions about changes in insect populations, and their causes, will need to incorporate regional and taxonomic differences in the response to temperature.

Applying systems thinking to unravel the mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension related fall risk - Liping Wang; Anouschka C. Pronk; Eveline P. van Poelgeest; Robert Briggs; Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen; Sofie Jansen; Marjolein Klop; Frederik J. de Lange; Carel C.G.M. Meskers; Vincent J. J. Odekerken; Stephen J. Payne; Marijke C. Trappenburg; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an established and common cardiovascular risk factor for falls. An in-depth understanding of the various interacting pathophysiological pathways contributing to OH-related falls is essential to guide improvements in diagnostic and treatment opportunities. We applied systems thinking to multidisciplinary map out causal mechanisms and risk factors. For this, we used group model building (GMB) to develop a causal loop diagram (CLD). The GMB was based on the input of experts from multiple domains related to OH and falls and all proposed mechanisms were supported by scientific literature. Our CLD is a conceptual representation of factors involved in OH-related falls, and their interrelatedness. Network analysis and feedback loops were applied to analyze and interpret the CLD, and quantitatively summarize the function and relative importance of the variables. Our CLD contains 50 variables distributed over three intrinsic domains (cerebral, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal), and an extrinsic domain (e.g., medications). Between the variables, 181 connections and 65 feedback loops were identified. Decreased cerebral blood flow, low blood pressure, impaired baroreflex activity, and physical inactivity were identified as key factors involved in OH-related falls, based on their high centralities. Our CLD reflects the multifactorial pathophysiology of OH-related falls. It enables us to identify key elements, suggesting their potential for new diagnostic and treatment approaches in fall prevention. The interactive online CLD renders it suitable for both research and educational purposes and this CLD is the first step in the development of a computational model for simulating the effects of risk factors on falls.

Chromosome-length genome assemblies and cytogenomic analyses of pangolins reveal remarkable chromosome counts and plasticity - Marlys L. Houck; Klaus-Peter Koepfli; Taylor Hains; Ruqayya Khan; Suellen J. Charter; Julie A. Fronczek; Ann C. Misuraca; Sergei Kliver; Polina L. Perelman; Violetta Beklemisheva; Alexander Graphodatsky; Shu-Jin Luo; et al. (Chromosome Research, 2023)

Minke whales change their swimming behavior with respect to their calling behavior, nearby conspecifics, and the environment in the central North Pacific - Tyler A. Helble; Regina A. Guazzo; Ian N. Durbach; Cameron R. Martin; Gabriela C. Alongi; Stephen W. Martin; E. Elizabeth Henderson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Behavioral responses to sonar have been observed in a number of baleen whales, including minke whales ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ). Previous studies used acoustic minke whale boing detections to localize and track individual whales on the U.S. Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Kaua ‘i, Hawai‘i before, during, and after Navy training activities. These analyses showed significant changes in central North Pacific minke whale distribution and swimming behavior during Navy sonar events. For the purposes of contextualizing changes in animal movement relative to Navy sonar, we expanded on this research to examine the natural variation in minke whale movement when Navy sonar was not present. This study included 2,245 acoustically derived minke whale tracks spanning the years 2012–2017 over all months that minke whales were detected (October–May). Minke whale movement was examined relative to calling season, day of the year, hour of day, wind speed, calling state (nominal or rapid), and distance to the nearest calling conspecific. Hidden Markov models were used to identify two kinematic states (slower, less directional movement and faster, more directional movement). The findings indicate that minke whales were more likely to travel in a faster and more directional state when they were calling rapidly, when other vocalizing minke whales were nearby, during certain times of the day and calling seasons, and in windier conditions, but these changes in movement were less intense than the changes observed during exposure to Navy sonar, when swim speeds were the fastest. These results start to put behavioral responses to Navy sonar into an environmental context to understand the severity of responses relative to natural changes in behavior.

Belize Blue Carbon: Establishing a national carbon stock estimate for mangrove ecosystems - Hannah K. Morrissette; Stacy K. Baez; Lisa Beers; Nadia Bood; Ninon D. Martinez; Kevin Novelo; Gilbert Andrews; Luis Balan; C. Scott Beers; Sumeet A. Betancourt; Reynel Blanco; Eeryn Bowden; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Embedded information of aerosol type, hygroscopicity and scattering enhancement factor revealed by the relationship between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth - Kuo-En Chang; Ta-Chih Hsiao; Si-Chee Tsay; Tang-Huang Lin; Stephen M. Griffith; Chian-Yi Liu; Charles C.-K. Chou (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Molecular targets of insecticides and herbicides – Are there useful overlaps? - Stephen O. Duke; Zhiqiang Pan; Amar G. Chittiboyina; Daniel R. Swale; Thomas C. Sparks (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2023)

MOO-GAPS: A multi-objective optimization model for global animal production and sustainability - Adam C. Castonguay; Stephen Polasky; Matthew H. Holden; Mario Herrero; Jinfeng Chang; Daniel Mason-D’Croz; Cecile Godde; Katie Lee; Brett A. Bryan; James Gerber; Edward T. Game; Eve McDonald-Madden (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Comparative genome identification of accessory genes associated with strong biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus - Dan Wang; Graham C. Fletcher; Dragana Gagic; Stephen L.W. On; Jon S. Palmer; Steve H. Flint (Food Research International, 2023)

Overcoming crossdating challenges to generate ring-width chronologies for Sequoia sempervirens across its native range - Allyson L. Carroll; Stephen C. Sillett (Dendrochronologia, 2023)