Effect of sampling strategy on measures of V?O2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems - David W. Hill; Lindsay P. Stephens; Sonja A. Blumoff-Ross; David C. Poole; Jimmy C. Smith (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003)

Freeze/thaw stress in Ceanothus of southern California chaparral - Frank W. Ewers; Michael C. Lawson; Timothy J. Bowen; Stephen D. Davis (Oecologia, 2003)

Evidence for asthma susceptibility genes on chromosome 11 in an African-American population - Shau-Ku Huang; Rasika A. Mathias; Eva Ehrlich; Beverly Plunkett; Xin Liu; Garry R. Cutting; Xin-Jing Wang; Xiao-Dong Li; Alkis Togias; Kathleen C. Barnes; Floyd Malveaux; Stephen Rich; et al. (Human Genetics, 2003)

Gentiobiose: a novel oligosaccharin in ripening tomato fruit - Jo C. Dumville; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 2003)

Pre-formed xyloglucans and xylans increase in molecular weight in three distinct compartments of a maize cell-suspension culture - Ellen M. Kerr; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 2003)

Enhancing anthocyanin production by altering competition for substrate between flavonol synthase and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase - Kevin M. Davies; Kathy E. Schwinn; Simon C. Deroles; David G. Manson; David H. Lewis; Stephen J. Bloor; J. Marie Bradley (Euphytica, 2003)

Endometrial cancer in Asian migrants to the United States and their descendants - C. Katherine Liao; Karin A. Rosenblatt; Stephen M. Schwartz; Noel S. Weiss (Cancer Causes & Control, 2003)

Combined solvent and water activity stresses on turgor regulation and membrane adaptation in Oceanimonas baumannii ATCC 700832 - Geoffrey R. Brown; Iain C. Sutcliffe; Stephen P. Cummings (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2003)

Lake metabolism: Relationships with dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus - Paul C. Hanson; Darren L. Bade; Stephen R. Carpenter; Timothy K. Kratz (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Recent literature has suggested that for many lakes and rivers, the respiratory breakdown of organic matter (R) exceeds production of organic matter by photosynthesis (gross primary production [GPP]) within the water body. This metabolic balance (GPP > R; “heterotrophy”) implies that allochthonous organic matter supports a portion of the aquatic ecosystem's respiration. Evidence that many lakes are heterotrophic comes from diverse approaches, and debate remains over the circumstances in which heterotrophy exists. The methods used to estimate GPP and R and the limited extent of lake types studied, especially with respect to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, are two reasons for differing conclusions. We deployed O 2 and CO 2 sondes to measure diel gas dynamics in the surface waters of 25 lakes. From these data, we calculated GPP, R, and net ecosystem production (NEP = GPP − R). Over the broad range in TP and DOC among the lakes, diel CO 2 and O 2 changed on a near 1 : 1 molar ratio. Metabolism estimates from the two gases were comparable, except at high pH. Most lakes in our data set had negative NEP, but GPP and R appeared to be controlled by different factors. TP correlated strongly with GPP, whereas DOC correlated with R. At low DOC concentrations, GPP and R were nearly equal, but, at higher DOC, GPP and R uncoupled and lakes had negative NEP. Strong correlations between lake metabolism and landscape related variables suggest that allochthonous carbon influences lake metabolism.

Functional ecology of shrub seedlings after a natural recruitment event at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility - DAVID C. HOUSMAN; STEPHEN F. ZITZER; TRAVIS E. HUXMAN; STANLEY D. SMITH (Global Change Biology, 2003)
Seedling recruitment is an important determinant of community structure in desert ecosystems. Positive photosynthetic growth and water balance responses to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations ([CO 2 ]) are predicted to be substantial in desert plants, suggesting that recruitment could be stimulated. However, to date no studies have addressed the response of perennial plant recruitment in natural populations of desert shrubs exposed to elevated [CO 2 ]. In April 1997, we employed Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) in order to increase atmospheric [CO 2 ] in an undisturbed Mojave Desert ecosystem from ambient (∼∼ 370 µmol mol −1 ) to elevated CO 2 (∼∼ 550 µmol mol −1 ). From 1997 to 2001 we seasonally examined survival, growth, gas exchange and water potential responses of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa seedlings that germinated in Fall, 1997. Recruitment densities were not influenced by [CO 2 ] in either species, although a two‐fold higher adult Ambrosia density under elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in two‐fold higher seedling density (0.87 vs 0.40 seedlings m −2 ). Mortality was greatest for both species during the first summer (1998), despite above‐average rainfall during the previous Winter–Spring. A significant [CO 2 ] × time interaction revealed that early survival was greater under elevated CO 2 , whereas a significant species time interaction revealed that overall survival was greater for Ambrosia (28%) than for Larrea ( 15%), regardless of [CO 2 ]. Microsite (understorey or interspace) alone had no significant influence on survival. Significant species, microsite and species × microsite effects on growth (seedling height, stem diameter and canopy size) were found, but elevated CO 2 had minimal impact on these parameters. Photosynthetic rates ( A sat ) for both species were higher at elevated [CO 2 ] during certain seasons, but not consistently so. These results suggest that increased atmospheric [CO 2 ] may enhance carbon (C) assimilation and survival of aridland perennial shrubs during favourable growing conditions, but that it may not counteract the effects of prolonged drought on mortality.

Scientific Considerations of Pharmaceutical Solid Polymorphism in Abbreviated New Drug Applications - Lawrence X. Yu; M. Scott Furness; Andre Raw; Kathy P. Woodland Outlaw; Nashed E. Nashed; Edwin Ramos; Stephen P. F. Miller; Richard C. Adams; Florence Fang; Rashmikant M. Patel; Frank O. Holcombe; Yuan-yuan Chiu; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Arsenic resistance in the archaeon "Ferroplasma acidarmanus": new insights into the structure and evolution of the ars genes - Thomas M. Gihring; Philip L. Bond; Stephen C. Peters; Jillian F. Banfield (Extremophiles, 2003)

Arthropods in epiphytes: a diversity component that is not effectively sampled by canopy fogging - Stephen P. Yanoviak; Nalini M. Nadkarni; Jon C. Gering (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003)

Expression of the translational repressor NAT1 in experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy - S. Jeson Sangaralingham; Brian J. Pak; M. Yat Tse; Ekaterini Angelis; Michael A. Adams; C. Smallegange; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Effects of galvanic distortions on magnetotelluric data: Interpretation and its correction using deep electrical data - Jimmy Stephen; S. G. Gokarn; C. Manoj; S. B. Singh (Journal of Earth System Science, 2003)

Petrogenesis of the Greenhills Complex, Southland, New Zealand: magmatic differentiation and cumulate formation at the roots of a Permian island-arc volcano - Carl J. Spandler; Richard J. Arculus; Stephen M. Eggins; John A. Mavrogenes; Richard C. Price; Anthony J. Reay (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2003)

Mating signal partitioning in multi‐species assemblages: a null model test using frogs - Andrew A. Chek; James P. Bogart; Stephen C. Lougheed (Ecology Letters, 2003)
Competitive partitioning of ‘community’ signal space has long been suggested to underlie diversification of mating signals. Selection or competitive exclusion is expected to reduce overlap of signals, minimizing destructive interference or reducing mismating. We used null models backed by simulation of type I and II error rates to test for evidence of structuring within 11 frog advertisement call assemblages. Within three assemblages, we found significant over‐dispersion and regularity‐of‐spacing in dominant frequency and in pulse rate, consistent with a signal interference hypothesis and signal confusion hypothesis, respectively. Observed partitioning could represent signal evolution or could result from selection on assemblage composition. Most assemblages showed no acoustic partitioning possibly because: (i) partitioning is more readily apparent in female preference, calling times or sites, rather than call attributes; (ii) assemblages have not yet accommodated recently arrived species, or are compositionally unstable so that acoustic accommodation cannot occur; and (iii) evidence of partitioning is only likely where the acoustic space is densely packed.

Letters - Sam C. Stier; Stephen F. Siebert (Conservation Biology, 2003)

Preface on Physicochemical and Electromechanical Interactions in Porous Media - Jacques M. Huyghe; Stephen C. Cowin (Transport in Porous Media, 2003)

A Recasting of Anisotropic Poroelasticity in Matrices of Tensor Components - Stephen C. Cowin (Transport in Porous Media, 2003)

Gentiobiose: a novel oligosaccharin in ripening tomato fruit - Jo C. Dumville; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 2003)

Assessing the diet of great skuas, Catharacta skua, using five different techniques - Stephen C. Votier; Stuart Bearhop; Aidan MacCormick; Norman Ratcliffe; Robert W. Furness (Polar Biology, 2003)

An ischemic β-dystroglycan (βDG) degradation: Correlation with irreversible injuiry in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes - Stephen C. Armstrong; Carole A. Latham; Charles E. Ganote (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Constraints on the pre-metamorphic trace element composition of Barberton komatiites from ion probe analyses of preserved clinopyroxene - Stephen W. Parman; Nobumichu Shimizu; Timothy L. Grove; Jesse C. Dann (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2003)

Decreased Neurotropism of nef Long Terminal Repeat ( nef /LTR)-Deleted Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - Katherine A Thompson; Stephen J Kent; Michelle E Gahan; Damian FJ Purcell; Catriona A McLean; Scott Preiss; C Jane Dale; Steven L Wesselingh (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2003)

Seasonal variation in condition, growth and food habits of walleye in a Great Plains reservoir and simulated effects of an altered thermal regime - M. C. Quist; C. S. Guy; R. J. Bernot; J. L. Stephen (Journal of Fish Biology, 2002)
Catch rates in gillnets and relative weight ( W r ) of walleye Stizostedion vitreum , in Glen Elder Reservoir, Kansas, were lowest during the summer (June–August) and highest during the autumn (September–November). Approximately 80% of their annual growth in length and mass was attained during late summer and autumn. Growth was minimal during winter (January–February) and spring (March–May). The number of walleye with empty stomachs was highest during the summer. Invertebrates (Cladocera, Chironomidae) were common in walleye stomachs during the summer and spring, but contributed little to the ingested biomass. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum dominated walleye diets (per cent by mass) throughout the year. A bioenergetics model predicted that the proportion of maximum consumption ( P c ) was highest during the autumn and was probably due to spatial overlap of walleye and gizzard shad once water temperatures were

A proposed role for copper ions in cell wall loosening - Stephen C. Fry; Janice G. Miller; Jo C. Dumville (Plant and Soil, 2002)

Climatic and Stream-Flow Controls on Tree Growth in a Western Montane Riparian Forest - ANGELA C. DISALVO; STEPHEN C. HART (Environmental Management, 2002)

Cyst development in the conchostracan shrimp, Eulimnadia texana (Crustacea: Spinicaudata) - Stephen C. Weeks; Vivien Marcus; Ronald L. Salisbury; Donald W. Ott (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

A genetic comparison of two species of clam shrimp in the genus Eulimnadia: An electrophoretic approach - Stephen C. Weeks; R. Joel Duff (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

A new subfamily, Bothriocrotoninae n. subfam., for the genus Bothriocroton Keirans, King & Sharrad, 1994 status amend. (Ixodida: Ixodidae), and the synonymy of Aponomma Neumann, 1899 with Amblyomma Koch, 1844 - Hans Klompen; Susan J. Dobson; Stephen C. Barker (Systematic Parasitology, 2002)

Method Dependency in the Measurement of BTEX Levels in Contaminated Soil - Saman C Buddhadasa; Sebastion Barone; Elizabeth Gibson; Stephen W. Bigger; John D. Orbell (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2002)

Geophagy as a Correlate of Folivory in Red-Handed Howler Monkeys (Alouatta belzebul) from Eastern Brazilian Amazonia - Luciane L. de Souza; Stephen F. Ferrari; Marcondes L. da Costa; Dirse C. Kern (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002)

A meta‐analysis of elevated [CO 2 ] effects on soybean ( Glycine max ) physiology, growth and yield - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth; Phillip A. Davey; Carl J. Bernacchi; Orla C. Dermody; Emily A. Heaton; David J. Moore; Patrick B. Morgan; Shawna L. Naidu; Hyung‐shim Yoo Ra; Xin‐guang Zhu; Peter S. Curtis; Stephen P. Long (Global Change Biology, 2002)
The effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on 25 variables describing soybean physiology, growth and yield are reviewed using meta‐analytic techniques. This is the first meta‐analysis to our knowledge performed on a single crop species and summarizes the effects of 111 studies. These primary studies include numerous soybean growth forms, various stress and experimental treatments, and a range of elevated [CO 2 ] levels (from 450 to 1250 p.p.m.), with a mean of 689 p.p.m. across all studies. Stimulation of soybean leaf CO 2 assimilation rate with growth at elevated [CO 2 ] was 39%, despite a 40% decrease in stomatal conductance and a 11% decrease in Rubisco activity. Increased leaf CO 2 uptake combined with an 18% stimulation in leaf area to provide a 59% increase in canopy photosynthetic rate. The increase in total dry weight was lower at 37%, and seed yield still lower at 24%. This shows that even in an agronomic species selected for maximum investment in seed, several plant level feedbacks prevent additional investment in reproduction, such that yield fails to reflect fully the increase in whole plant carbon uptake. Large soil containers (> 9 L) have been considered adequate for assessing plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. However, in open‐top chamber experiments, soybeans grown in large pots showed a significant threefold smaller stimulation in yield than soybeans grown in the ground. This suggests that conclusions about plant yield based on pot studies, even when using very large containers, are a poor reflection of performance in the absence of any physical restriction on root growth. This review supports a number of current paradigms of plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. Namely, stimulation of photosynthesis is greater in plants that fix N and have additional carbohydrate sinks in nodules. This supports the notion that photosynthetic capacity decreases when plants are N‐limited, but not when plants have adequate N and sink strength. The root : shoot ratio did not change with growth at elevated [CO 2 ], sustaining the charge that biomass allocation is unaffected by growth at elevated [CO 2 ] when plant size and ontogeny are considered.

The use of sectioned otoliths to age barramundi (Lates calcarifer) (Bloch, 1790) [Centropomidae] - Ivor G. Stuart; Stephen C. McKillup (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Elevated genetic heterogeneity and Pleistocene climatic instability: inferences from nrDNA in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) - Stephen R. Wichman; Shane D. Wright; Ewen K. Cameron; D. Jeannette Keeling; Richard C. Gardner (Journal of Biogeography, 2002)
Aim To examine patterns of hybridization and genotype mixing within the genus Coprosma J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Rubiaceae). Location New Zealand Methods Nucleotide sequence was determined for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacer (ETS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA for fifty individuals from thirty‐six taxa within the New Zealand component of the genus Coprosma . Results Mixed sequences were found to be widespread in Coprosma . Direct sequencing of ITS polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from seven polyploid taxa showed evidence of sequence mixtures. Cloning and sequencing of individual PCR products from two polyploids confirmed the presence of multiple templates, one of which corresponded to that of a diploid. Intra‐individual heterogeneity was also seen in a hybrid diploid taxon, with the mixed nucleotides corresponding to those of the parental lineages. Finally the ITS sequences of twenty‐two diploid taxa showed that eleven contained intra‐individual heterogeneity. Conclusions We conclude that the widespread occurrence of sequence mixtures in Coprosma results from of frequent hybridization. We also conclude that concerted evolution of the ITS and ETS regions is depressed. We propose that these characteristics evolved as a mechanism to maintain high levels of heterogeneity and suggest that this is adaptive for Coprosma in climatically unstable and physically complex New Zealand landscapes. These landscapes have been subjected to repeated oscillations between stadial and interstadial environments during the Pleistocene.

Inventory of Ocean Monitoring in the Southern California Bight - Kenneth C. Schiff; Stephen B. Weisberg; Valerie Raco-Rands (Environmental Management, 2002)

The Kyoto Protocol: an Opportunity for Biodiversity Restoration Forestry - Sam C. Stier; Stephen F. Siebert (Conservation Biology, 2002)

Improved Lung Delivery from a Passive Dry Powder Inhaler Using an Engineered PulmoSphere® Powder - Sarma P. Duddu; Steven A. Sisk; Yulia H. Walter; Thomas E. Tarara; Kevin R. Trimble; Andrew R. Clark; Michael A. Eldon; Rebecca C. Elton; Matthew Pickford; Peter H. Hirst; Stephen P. Newman; Jeffry G. Weers (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Phylogenetic Analysis of Vertebrate Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Multigene Families - Yi-Ju Li; Stephen C.-M. Tsoi (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2002)

Phylogeny, Evolution and Historical Zoogeography of Ticks: A Review of Recent Progress - Stephen C. Barker; Anna Murrell (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2002)

A Numerical Study of Blood Flow in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Side-to-Side Anastomoses - Michael Bonert; Jerry G. Myers; Stephen Fremes; James Williams; C. Ross Ethier (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Conservation genetics of the loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) in central and eastern North America - Mary Vallianatos; Stephen C. Lougheed; Peter T. Boag (Conservation Genetics, 2002)

Comparison of euphausiid population size estimates obtained using replicated acoustic surveys of coastal inlets and block average vs. geostatistical spatial interpolation methods - Stephen J. Romaine; David L. Mackas; Michael C. Macaulay (Fisheries Oceanography, 2002)
Because of their intense patchiness, euphausiid spatial distributions and stock sizes are often assessed using echosounder surveys. However, statistical error bars appropriate for individual survey results are not well known. We quantified these by examining the statistical repeatability of acoustic estimates of total euphausiid biomass within two enclosed fjords adjoining the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Within each inlet, paired and replicated `mirror image' zig‐zag survey tracks provided sets of closely spaced backscatter profiles along the survey lines. Local stock density (biomass per unit area) was calculated by vertical integration across the euphausiid scattering layer. Total inlet population size was then estimated by horizontal interpolation and integration of the local measurements, both by block averaging and by geostatistical interpolation (kriging). By assuming no change in true population biomass over the short time interval separating replicate surveys, we could then estimate statistical precision by analysis‐of‐variance comparison among replicate survey grids. For the partial surveys (one or the other half of the mirror‐image paired grid) multiplicative error bars were about a factor of 1.5 for Jervis Inlet and 1.7 for Saanich Inlet. Use of the full surveys (both parts of the mirror‐image pair, roughly doubling the number of measurements in each estimate) reduced the error to about factor of 1.35 for Jervis but only to about 1.65 for Saanich. Statistical precision was similar for the block average vs. kriging interpolation and integration methods, however, kriging provided additional useful information about spatial pattern within the inlets.

Intelligent Multichannel Stimulator for the Study of Cardiac Arrhythmias - Philip L. Johnson; Jonathan C. Newton; Dennis L. Rollins; Stephen B. Knisley; Raymond E. Ideker; William M. Smith (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Infection of human oligodendroglioma cells by a recombinant measles virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein - Jonnie Plumb; W Paul Duprex; C H Stewart Cameron; Christiane Richter-Landsberg; Pierre Talbot; Stephen McQuaid (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2002)

GRAY WHALE CALF PRODUCTION 1994–2000: ARE OBSERVED FLUCTUATIONS RELATED TO CHANGES IN SEASONAL ICE COVER? - Wayne L. Perryman; Meghan A. Donahue; Peter C. Perkins; Stephen B. Reilly (Marine Mammal Science, 2002)
A bstract We conducted shore‐based sighting surveys to estimate the number of northbound migrating gray whale calves passing Piedras Blancas, California, for seven consecutive years (1994–2000). In addition, we conducted aerial surveys to determine offshore distribution of the migration in 1994 and 1995, measured day/night migration rates with thermal sensors in 1994–1996, and maintained concurrent replicate watches near the peak of each migration to estimate the proportion of the cow/calf pairs missed by the standard watch team. During good weather, we counted 325, 194, 407, 501, 440, 141, and 96 calves during 1994–2000, respectively. Correcting these counts for periods not on watch and for calves missed, produced final estimates of 945 calves (SE = 68.21) for 1994, 619 calves (SE = 67.19) for 1995, 1,146 calves (SE = 70.67) for 1996, 1,431 calves (SE = 82.02) for 1997, 1,388 calves (SE = 91.84) for 1998, 427 calves (SE = 41.10) for 1999, and 279 calves (SE = 34.79) for 2000. Calf production indices (calf estimate/total population estimate) are 4.2%, 2.7%, 4.8%, 5.8%, 5.5%, 1.7%, and 1.1% for the years 1994–2000, respectively. Fluctuations in calf production over this time period were positively correlated with the length of time that primary feeding habitat was free of seasonal ice during the previous year.

Effectiveness of compensatory wetland mitigation in Massachusetts, USA - Stephen C. Brown; Peter L. M. Veneman (Wetlands, 2001)

Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats - Richard J. Geider; Evan H. Delucia; Paul G. Falkowski; Adrien C. Finzi; J. Philip Grime; John Grace; Todd M. Kana; Julie La Roche; Stephen P. Long; Bruce A. Osborne; Trevor Platt; I. Colin Prentice; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2001)

The Leishmania genome project: new insights into gene organization and function - Peter J. Myler; Stephen M. Beverley; Angela K. Cruz; Deborah E. Dobson; Alasdair C. Ivens; Paul D. McDonagh; Rentala Madhubala; Santiago Martinez-Calvillo; Jeronimo C. Ruiz; Alka Saxena; Ellen Sisk; Susan M. Sunkin; et al. (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2001)

Tracking the fate of a high concentration groundwater nitrate plume through a fringing marsh: A combined groundwater tracer and in situ isotope enrichment study - Craig R. Tobias; Stephen A. Macko; Iris C. Anderson; Elizabeth A. Canuel; Judson W. Harvey (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
A groundwater plume enriched in 15 NO 3 − was created upgradient of a mesohaline salt marsh. By measuring the changes in concentration and isotopic enrichment of NO 3 − , N 2 O, N 2 , NH 4 + , and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) during plume transport through the marsh, in situ rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification (DNF) were estimated, as well as N storage in the reduced N pools. For groundwater discharge within the top 10 cm of marsh, NO 3 − removal was 90% complete within the 50 cm of marsh nearest the upland border. The peak NO 3 − loss rate from the plume ranged from 208 to 645 µM d −1 . Rates of DNRA (180 µM d −1 ) and DNF (387–465 µM d −1 ) processed 30% and 70% of the NO 3 − load, respectively. Terminal N 2 production was approximately equal to N 2 production rates during DNF. Comparison of 15N lost from the 15NO 3 − pool and 15 N gained in each of the reduced products accounted for only 22% of the reduced 15 N, thus indicating N export from the system. Despite high rates of DNRA, the NH 4 + produced was not a long‐term repository for the groundwater‐derived N but was instead rapidly immobilized into marsh PON and retained on longer timescales. The small inventory of 15 N in the N 2 and N 2 pools relative to DNF rates, coincident with an undersaturation of dissolved argon, indicated that denitrified N was exported to the atmosphere on short timescales. The relative magnitudes of DNF and DNRA in conjunction with the immobilization of NH 4 + and evasion of N gases dictated the extent of export versus retention of the groundwater NO 3 − load.

The interaction between physical disturbance and organic enrichment: An important element in structuring benthic communities - Stephen Widdicombe; Melanie C. Austen (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
The interaction between physical disturbance and organic enrichment, with respect to its effect on the diversity and community structure of a macroinfaunal assemblage, has been examined in a benthic mesocosm experiment. The experiment was conducted at the Solbergstrand mesocosm (Norwegian Institute for Water Research) using subtidal sediment collected from Bjørnhordenbukta, a small sheltered bay in Oslofjørd. Ninety‐eight areas of homogenized sediment were subjected to one of seven levels of organic enrichment, combined with one of seven different frequencies of physical disturbance, each replicated once. This structured matrix of physical disturbance and organic enrichment treatments demonstrated the combined effects of these factors to be nonadditive. Diversity was lower than expected when low frequencies of physical disturbance acted in conjunction with high levels of organic enrichment or when high frequencies of physical disturbance were combined with low levels of organic enrichment. Diversity was higher than expected when both disturbance and enrichment were either high or low. The implications of this interaction between physical disturbance and organic enrichment for the application of the dynamic equilibrium model (Huston 1979) to sediment communities are discussed. Multivariate analysis also showed community structure to be significantly affected by physical disturbance, organic enrichment, and interactions between the two. It is concluded that strong interactions between physical disturbance and organic enrichment, coupled with both small‐ and large‐scale variability in these factors, could promote heterogeneity and diversity in benthic infaunal assemblages. However, this remains to be tested in field conditions. Additionally, interactions between physical disturbance and organic enrichment may have important implications for matters of coastal zone management.

Expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ZmMEK1 in the primary root of maize - Shane C. Hardin; Stephen M. Wolniak (Planta, 2001)

Physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of deep-sea nitrile metabolising Rhodococcus strains - Stephen C. Heald; Pedro F.B. Brandão; Richard Hardicre; Alan T. Bull (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2001)

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from magpies ( Pica pica ) and rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) from west Wales - David M. Livermore; Marina Warner; Lucinda M. C. Hall; Virve I. Enne; Stephen J. Projan; Paul M. Dunman; Sarah L. Wooster; Graham Harrison (Environmental Microbiology, 2001)
Summary The prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in wild animal and bird populations is largely unknown, with little consistency among the few published reports. We therefore examined intestinal bacteria from magpies ( Pica pica ) and rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) collected in rural west Wales. Escherichia coli isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics were grown from eight of 20 magpies trapped in spring, 1999 and one of 17 in spring, 2000; the most prevalent resistance trait among these isolates was to tetracycline, but resistances to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and trimethoprim were also found. Tetracycline‐resistant Enterococcus spp. were found in one of 20 magpies in 1999 and three of 17 in 2000. Only one resistant E. coli isolate was detected among gut bacteria from 13 rabbits, and this strain was resistant only to tetracycline. Differences in the prevalence of resistance between bacteria from rabbits and magpies may reflect differences in diet: rabbits graze field edges, whereas magpies are omnivorous and opportunistic. The resistance genes found in E. coli isolates from magpies mostly corresponded to those common among human isolates, but those conferring tetracycline resistance were unique.

A study of genetic variation in the threatened hepatic Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees. and Gottsche (Fossombroniaceae) - Frederick J. Rumsey; Johannes C. Vogel; Stephen J. Russell (Conservation Genetics, 2001)

In Response to “Mixing Mechanisms and Net Solute Transport in Bone” by M. L. Knothe Tate - Liyun Wang; Stephen C. Cowin; Sheldon Weinbaum; Susannah P. Fritton (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001)

Fine mapping of Ath6, a quantitative trait locus for atherosclerosis in mice - Maureen K. Purcell; Jian-Long Mu; David C. Higgins; Ramu Elango; Harry Whitmore; Stephen Harris; Beverly Paigen (Mammalian Genome, 2001)

Cr(VI) increases tyrosine phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species-mediated reactions - Yong Qian; Binghua Jiang; Daniel C. Flynn; Stephen S. Leonard; Suiwei Wang; Zhuo Zhang; Jianping Ye; Fei Chen; Liying Wang; Xianglin Shi (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

Numerical Investigation of Boundary-Layer Evolution and Nocturnal Low-Level Jets: Local versus Non-Local PBL Schemes - Kesu Zhang; Huiting Mao; Kevin Civerolo; Stephen Berman; Jia-Yeong Ku; S. Trivikrama Rao; Bruce Doddridge; C. Russell Philbrick; Richard Clark (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2001)

Stepping stones to Hawaii: a trans‐equatorial dispersal pathway for Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nrDNA (ITS+ETS) - Shane D. Wright; Catherine G. Yong; Stephen R. Wichman; John W. Dawson; Richard C. Gardner (Journal of Biogeography, 2001)
Aim The majority of Hawaii's plants are derived from the south and west of the Pacific rim, suggesting that at least some of the founders have crossed the climatic discontinuity at the equator. However, the pathways of these dispersal events are not well understood. We sought to elucidate such a pathway for the plant genus Metrosideros Banks ex Gaertn., which appears to have colonized Hawaii from New Zealand. Location We have previously analysed the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of nrDNA for thirty‐six taxa of Metrosideros subgenus Metrosideros distributed across Melanesia and Polynesia. Further we collected two taxa from the Austral and Marquesas Islands. Methods Phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using both the ITS and external transcribed spacer (ETS) regions of nrDNA for twenty‐three taxa from Polynesia and East Melanesia. Results The increased resolution achieved by combining ETS data with that of ITS allowed discrimination of two subclades in eastern Oceania. One subclade groups all the Hawaiian taxa together with M. collina (J. R. & G. Forst.) A. Gray from the Marquesas Islands. Main conclusions From an origin in New Zealand, the woody angiosperm Metrosideros is likely to have crossed the equator to Hawaii using a staging point in the remote Marquesas Islands. Colonization of Hawaii by the wind‐borne seed of these plants has been achieved against the flow of the prevailing Trade winds north of the equator. A possible climatic mechanism for this dispersal is described.

Maintenance of androdioecy in the freshwater shrimp, Eulimnadia texana: do hermaphrodites need males for complete fertilization? - Stephen C. Weeks; Julie A. Hutchison; Naida Zucker (Evolutionary Ecology, 2001)

Influence of atmospheric CO 2 enrichment on methane consumption in a temperate forest soil - Rebecca L. Phillips; Stephen C. Whalen; William H. Schlesinger (Global Change Biology, 2001)
Rates of atmospheric CH 4 consumption of soils in temperate forest were compared in plots continuously enriched with CO 2 at 200 µL L −1 above ambient and in control plots exposed to the ambient atmosphere of 360 µL CO 2 L −1 . The purpose was to determine if ecosystem atmospheric CO 2 enrichment would alter soil microbial CH 4 consumption at the forest floor and if the effect of CO 2 would change with time or with environmental conditions. Reduced CH 4 consumption was observed in CO 2 ‐enriched plots relative to control plots on 46 out of 48 sampling dates, such that CO 2 ‐enriched plots showed annual reductions in CH 4 consumption of 16% in 1998 and 30% in 1999. No significant differences were observed in soil moisture, temperature, pH, inorganic‐N or rates of N‐mineralization between CO 2 ‐enriched and control plots, indicating that differences in CH 4 consumption between treatments were likely the result of changes in the composition or size of the CH 4 ‐oxidizing microbial community. A repeated measures analysis of variance that included soil moisture, soil temperature (from 0 to 30 cm), and time as covariates indicated that the reduction of CH 4 consumption under elevated CO 2 was enhanced at higher soil temperatures. Additionally, the effect of elevated CO 2 on CH 4 consumption increased with time during the two‐year study. Overall, these data suggest that rising atmospheric CO 2 will reduce atmospheric CH 4 consumption in temperate forests and that the effect will be greater in warmer climates. A 30% reduction in atmospheric CH 4 consumption by temperate forest soils in response to rising atmospheric CO 2 will result in a 10% reduction in the sink strength of temperate forest soils in the atmospheric CH 4 budget and a positive feedback to the greenhouse effect.

The reliability of immunohistochemistry as a prescreening method for the diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) – Results of an international collaborative study - Wolfram Müller; Lawrence J. Burgart; Ruth Krause-Paulus; Stephen N. Thibodeau; M. Almeida; T. Brocker Edmonston; C. R. Boland; C. Sutter; J. R. Jass; A. Lindblom; J. Lubinski; K. MacDermot; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2001)

THE NORTH ISLAND HECTOR'S DOLPHIN IS VULNERABLE TO EXTINCTION - Stephen Dawson; Franz Pichler; Elisabeth Slooten; Kirsty Russell; C. Scott Baker (Marine Mammal Science, 2001)

Environmental vVariability and coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) - Korine N. Kolivras; Peter S. Johnson; Andrew C. Comrie; Stephen R. Yool (Aerobiologia, 2001)

Passive tactile sensory input improves stability during standing - Mark W. Rogers; Daniel L. Wardman; Stephen R. Lord; Richard C. Fitzpatrick (Experimental Brain Research, 2001)

Bioengineering mint crop improvement - Paola Veronese; Xia Li; Xiaomu Niu; Stephen C. Weller; Ray A. Bressan; Paul M. Hasegawa (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2001)

Zinc fertilisation increases tolerance to Rhizoctonia solani (AG 8) in Medicago truncatula - Tania C. Streeter; Zdenko Rengel; Stephen M. Neate; Robin D. Graham (Plant and Soil, 2001)

Tree roots: conduits for deep recharge of soil water - Stephen S.O. Burgess; Mark A. Adams; Neil C. Turner; Don A. White; Chin K. Ong (Oecologia, 2001)

Microbiological Monitoring of Marine Recreational Waters in Southern California - Kenneth C. Schiff; Stephen B. Weisberg; John H. Dorsey (Environmental Management, 2001)

Pterospora floridiensis, a new species of acephaline gregarine (Apicomplexa) from the maldanid polychaete Axiothella mucosa in St. Andrew Bay, Florida - Stephen C. Landers (Systematic Parasitology, 2001)

d -Amphetamine increases choice of cigarette smoking over monetary reinforcement - Jennifer W. Tidey; Stephen T. Higgins; Suzanne C. O'Neill (Psychopharmacology, 2000)

Life history evolution: successes, limitations, and prospects - Stephen C. Stearns (The Science of Nature, 2000)

Periodic movement, recruitment and size-related distribution of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in Solomon Islands - Annie Mercier; Stephen C. Battaglene; Jean-François Hamel (Hydrobiologia, 2000)

Microsatellite Loci of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) - Noel N. Chigagure; Glenn D. Baxter; Stephen C. Barker (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2000)

Visualising active volcanism with high spatial resolution satellite data: the 1991-1993 eruption of Mount Etna - Robert Wright; David A. Rothery; Stephen Blake; David C. Pieri (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2000)

On spatiotemporal patchiness and the coexistence of five species of Chronogaster (Nematoda: Chronogasteridae) in a riparian wetland - Christien H. Ettema; Stephen L. Rathbun; David C. Coleman (Oecologia, 2000)

Flies that are parasitoids of a marine snail: the larviposition behaviour and life cycles of Sarcophaga megafilosia and Sarcophaga meiofilosia - Stephen C. McKillup; Ruth V. McKillup; Thomas Pape (Hydrobiologia, 2000)

Intraprotoplasmic and wall-localised formation of arabinoxylan-bound diferulates and larger ferulate coupling-products in maize cell-suspension cultures - Stephen C. Fry; Stephen C. Willis; Alice E. J. Paterson (Planta, 2000)

New applications of photoacoustics to the study of photosynthesis - Stephen K. Herbert; Tao Han; Thomas C. Vogelmann (Photosynthesis Research, 2000)

Modeling Tracer Transport in an Osteon under Cyclic Loading - Liyun Wang; Stephen C. Cowin; Sheldon Weinbaum; Susannah P. Fritton (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2000)

Daniel Bernoulli (1738): evolution and economics under risk - Stephen C. Stearns (Journal of Biosciences, 2000)

Renewal-Process Approximation of a Stochastic Threshold Model for Electrical Neural Stimulation - Ian C. Bruce; Laurence S. Irlicht; Mark W. White; Stephen J. O'leary; Graeme M. Clark (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2000)

Misunderstanding Neo‐Darwinism: a Reaction to Daly - Stephen C. Trombulak (Conservation Biology, 2000)

Habituation and neighbor-stranger discrimination in green frogs: a reply to Bee and Schachtman - P. C. Owen; Stephen A. Perrill (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2000)

Evidence for covalent linkage between xyloglucan and acidic pectins in suspension-cultured rose cells - James E. Thompson; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 2000)

Abstracts - P. E. Bowden; R. Marks; Christina A. Harrington; Brian Dieckgraefe; Marija Ilčić; Ljiljana Kostović-Knežević; Peter Gruss; Srećko Gajović; Lidija Klampfer; Jorg Cammenga; Stephen Nimer; Sonja Levanat; et al. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2000)

Isolated supravalvular aortic stenosis: functional haploinsufficiency of the elastin gene as a result of nonsense-mediated decay - Zsolt Urbán; Virginia V. Michels; Stephen N. Thibodeau; Elaine C. Davis; Jean-Paul Bonnefont; Arnold Munnich; Benedicte Eyskens; Marc Gewillig; Koen Devriendt; Charles D. Boyd (Human Genetics, 2000)

Isolation, characterization, expression and functional analysis of the zebrafish ortholog of MEN1 - Pachiappan Manickam; Andreas M. Vogel; Sunita K. Agarwal; Takaya Oda; Allen M. Spiegel; Stephen J. Marx; Francis S. Collins; Brant M. Weinstein; Settara C. Chandrasekharappa (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

Isolated supravalvular aortic stenosis: functional haploinsufficiency of the elastin gene as a result of nonsense-mediated decay - Zsolt Urbán; Virginia V. Michels; Stephen N. Thibodeau; Elaine C. Davis; Jean-Paul Bonnefont; Arnold Munnich; Benedicte Eyskens; Marc Gewillig; Koen Devriendt; Charles D. Boyd (Human Genetics, 2000)

Colorectal cancer incidence in Asian migrants to the United States and their descendants - Danna M. Flood; Noel S. Weiss; Linda S. Cook; Julia C. Emerson; Stephen M. Schwartz; John D. Potter (Cancer Causes & Control, 2000)

Dermal Bite Wounds as Indicators of Reproductive Seasonality and Behaviour in the Atlantic Stingray, Dasyatis sabina - Stephen M. Kajiura; Agustin P. Sebastian; Timothy C. Tricas (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Onset of Neoglaciation in the Southern Hemisphere - Stephen C. Porter (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2000)

Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Atelidae: Platyrrhini) in the Brazilian state of Rondônia - Stephen F. Ferrari; Simone Iwanaga; Mariluce R. Messias; Eleildon M. Ramos; Paulo C. S. Ramos; Ernesto H. da Cruz Neto; Paulo E. G. Coutinho (Primates, 2000)

An integrated physical and genetic map of the PLS locus interval on Chromosome 11q14 - Thomas C. Hart; Stephen J. Walker; Donald W. Bowden; Patricia S. Hart; Scott A. Callison; Peggy L. Bobby; Erhan Firatli (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

Gene flow of unique sequences between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus - Rhonda Greene-Till; Yingping Zhao; Stephen C. Hardies (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

The Distribution of Nearshore Fishes in Kelp and Eelgrass Communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Associations with Vegetation and Physical Habitat Characteristics - Thomas A. Dean; Lewis Haldorson; David R. Laur; Stephen C. Jewett; Arny Blanchard (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Questioning species realities - Andrew P. Hendry; Steven M. Vamosi; Stephen J. Latham; Jana C. Heilbuth; Troy Day (Conservation Genetics, 2000)

Investigation of Functional and Morphological Integrity of Freshly Isolated and Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes - Alina Ostrowska; Donald C. Bode; Jennifer Pruss; Bahri Bilir; Gina D. Smith; Stephen Zeisloft (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2000)

Review of Ecological Effects of Roads on Terrestrial and Aquatic Communities - Stephen C. Trombulak; Christopher A. Frissell (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Roads are a widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes. We reviewed the scientific literature on the ecological effects of roads and found support for the general conclusion that they are associated with negative effects on biotic integrity in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Roads of all kinds have seven general effects: mortality from road construction, mortality from collision with vehicles, modification of animal behavior, alteration of the physical environment, alteration of the chemical environment, spread of exotics, and increased use of areas by humans. Road construction kills sessile and slow‐moving organisms, injures organisms adjacent to a road, and alters physical conditions beneath a road. Vehicle collisions affect the demography of many species, both vertebrates and invertebrates; mitigation measures to reduce roadkill have been only partly successful. Roads alter animal behavior by causing changes in home ranges, movement, reproductive success, escape response, and physiological state. Roads change soil density, temperature, soil water content, light levels, dust, surface waters, patterns of runoff, and sedimentation, as well as adding heavy metals (especially lead), salts, organic molecules, ozone, and nutrients to roadside environments. Roads promote the dispersal of exotic species by altering habitats, stressing native species, and providing movement corridors. Roads also promote increased hunting, fishing, passive harassment of animals, and landscape modifications. Not all species and ecosystems are equally affected by roads, but overall the presence of roads is highly correlated with changes in species composition, population sizes, and hydrologic and geomorphic processes that shape aquatic and riparian systems. More experimental research is needed to complement post‐hoc correlative studies. Our review underscores the importance to conservation of avoiding construction of new roads in roadless or sparsely roaded areas and of removal or restoration of existing roads to benefit both terrestrial and aquatic biota.

Patterns of plant diversity in Africa south of the Sahara and their implications for conservation management - Jon C. Lovett; Stephen Rudd; James Taplin; Christian Frimodt-Møller (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2000)

Zoogeography of Chiropotes albinasus (Platyrrhini, Atelidae) in Southwestern Amazonia - Stephen F. Ferrari; Simone Iwanaga; Paulo E. G. Coutinho; Mariluce R. Messias; Ernesto H. Cruz Neto; Eleildon M. Ramos; Paulo C. S. Ramos (International Journal of Primatology, 1999)

Improving Forest Inventories: Three Ways to Incorporate Auxiliary Information - Andrew P. Robinson; David C. Hamlin; Stephen E. Fairweather (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Precise estimates of standing inventory often are needed in a very short time; for example, in appraisal situations for acquisitions and divestitures. Opportunities to integrate auxiliary information into forest stand inventory are considerable, and the potential benefits are very attractive. This article presents three popular techniques for incorporating auxiliary information into forest inventory: list sampling, stratification, and Poisson sampling.

Adopting an Annual Inventory System: User Perspectives - Paul C. Van Deusen; Stephen P. Prisley; Alan A. Lucier (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
The nation's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is moving from a periodic to an annual forest inventory system. The annual system will better meet the increasing demand for current information and is backed by legislative mandate in the 1998 Farm Bill. For the annual system to succeed, FIA will need increased state-level participation, internal changes in emphasis, and greater use of technology. FIA personnel should be proud of the public support that led to this opportunity and respond quickly and decisively to a clear mandate for change.

The hexY genes of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and ssp. atroseptica encode novel proteins that regulate virulence and motility co‐ordinately - Yu‐Ling Shih; Stephen J. Harris; Georg Borner; Michèle M. Rivet; George P. C. Salmond (Environmental Microbiology, 1999)
Mutations located in a new gene, hexY , in Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora ( Ecc ) and ssp. atroseptica ( Eca ) cause strong upregulation of production of exoenzyme virulence factors and motility. The hexY gene encodes a novel 14.4 kDa protein with no known homologues. The hexY mRNA transcript has an unusually long (525 bp) 5′ untranslated region, which may be important for post‐transcriptional regulation. An elevated level of transcription of two exoenzyme genes, pelC and celV , was observed in the HexY mutant background. The levels of cellulase and protease in a HexY mutant were independent of the presence of PGA, suggesting a role for HexY in the induction of these enzymes seen upon PGA addition. Electron microscopy revealed that HexY cells were hyperflagellated, perhaps contributing to the hypermotility phenotype of this mutant. The HexY mutant M5 exhibited enhanced maceration capacity on potato tubers. Therefore, the hexY gene and its gene product may define another level of regulation of virulence determinants in Ecc and Eca .

Effects of haloperidol and clozapine on tongue dynamics during licking in CD-1, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice - Guanghui Wang; Stephen C. Fowler (Psychopharmacology, 1999)

Microbehavioral methods for measuring the motor and associative effects of dopamine receptor antagonists and related drugs in rodents - Stephen C. Fowler (Psychopharmacology, 1999)

Biosynthetic origin and longevity in vivo of α- d -mannopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α- d -glucuronopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- myo -inositol, an unusual extracellular oligosaccharide produced by cultured rose cells - Christina K. Smith; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 1999)

Seed cone production enhanced by injecting 38-year-old Larix occidentalis Nutt. with GA4/7 - Raymond C. Shearer; Michael U. Stoehr; Joe E. Webber; Stephen D. Ross (New Forests, 1999)

A science-based strategy for ecological restoration in South Florida - Mark A. Harwell; John H. Gentile; Ann Bartuska; Christine C. Harwell; Victoria Myers; Jayantha Obeysekera; John C. Ogden; Stephen C. Tosini (Urban Ecosystems, 1999)

Characterization of the mouse ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene UbcM4 - Terry P. Moynihan; Ulrike Nuber; Helen C. Ardley; Stephen A. Rose; Alexander F. Markham; Martin Scheffner (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

The role of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate in cell migration and proliferation in an in vitro xenograft blood vessel model of vascular wound healing - Hari H. P. Cohly; James W. Stephens; Michael F. Angel; James C. Johnson; Angel K. Markov (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1999)

Computational Blood Flow Modeling Based on In Vivo Measurements - J. A. Moore; Brian K. Rutt; Stephen J. Karlik; Kevin Yin; C. Ross Ethier (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

FVB/N ( H2 q ) mouse is resistant to arthritis induction and exhibits a genomic deletion of T-cell receptor V beta gene segments - G. E. Osman; Mark C. Hannibal; Jon P. Anderson; Stephen R. Lasky; Warren C. Ladiges; Leroy Hood (Immunogenetics, 1999)

T-cell receptor Vbeta deletion and Valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR mouse to arthritis induction - G. E. Osman; Mark C. Hannibal; Jon P. Anderson; Saijai Cheunsuk; Stephen R. Lasky; H. Denny Liggitt; Warren C. Ladiges; Leroy E. Hood (Immunogenetics, 1999)

A Scentsible Approach to Controlling Southern Pine Beetles: Two New Tactics Using Verbenone - Stephen R. Clarke; Scott M. Salom; Ronald F. Billings; C. Wayne Berisford; William W. Upton; Quintin C. McClellan; Mark J. Dalusky (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Two new tactics for controlling southern pine beetle infestations use a beetle-produced inhibitor: verbenone. The techniques, verbenone-only and verbenone-plus-felling, reduce tree loss by disrupting infestation growth. In three years of field tests, the verbenone-only tactic completely suppressed 69 percent of the treated infestations, and the verbenone-plus-felling tactic suppressed 86 percent. The tactics provide much-needed alternatives to current control techniques and will allow suppression of infestations where tree felling is restricted or prohibited. In anticipation of registration of the pheromone by the Environmental Protection Agency, a technology transfer program has been developed to provide the materials and training necessary for effective use of the treatments.

Efficient plant regeneration of native spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) - Xia Li; Xiaomu Niu; Ray A. Bressan; Stephen C. Weller; Paul M. Hasegawa (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 1999)

Imbibition of white spruce seeds and somatic embryos: A study of morphological changes in an environmental scanning electron microscope and potassium leakage - Daryl A. Reid; John N. A. Lott; Stephen M. Attree; Larry C. Fowke (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 1999)

Errors Caused by Combination of Di-4 ANEPPS and Fluo3/4 for Simultaneous Measurements of Transmembrane Potentials and Intracellular Calcium - Philip L. Johnson; William Smith; Tamara C. Baynham; Stephen B. Knisley (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Optimal timing of comb construction by honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) colonies: a dynamic programming model and experimental tests - Stephen C. Pratt (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1999)

Synergistic Effect of Formulated Plasmid and Needle-Free Injection for Genetic Vaccines - Khursheed Anwer; Keith A. Earle; Mei Shi; Jijun Wang; Russell J. Mumper; Belinda Proctor; Kimberly Jansa; Harry C. Ledebur; Stephen Davis; William Eaglstein; Alain P. Rolland (Pharmaceutical Research, 1999)

Isolation, genomic organization, and expression analysis of Men1, the murine homolog of the MEN1 gene - Siradanahalli C. Guru; Judy S. Crabtree; Kevin D. Brown; Karen J. Dunn; Pachiappan Manickam; Nijaguna B. Prasad; Danny Wangsa; A. Lee Burns; Allen M. Spiegel; Stephen J. Marx; William J. Pavan; Francis S. Collins; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

V4 region of small subunit rDNA indicates polyphyly of the Fellodistomidae (Digenea) which is supported by morphology and life-cycle data - Kathryn A. Hall; Thomas H. Cribb; Stephen C. Barker (Systematic Parasitology, 1999)

Microbial characterization of a JP‐4 fuel‐contaminated site using a combined lipid biomarker/polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE)‐based approach - John R. Stephen; Yun‐Juan Chang; Ying Dong Gan; Aaron Peacock; Susan M. Pfiffner; Michael J. Barcelona; David C. White; Sarah J. Macnaughton (Environmental Microbiology, 1999)
The impact of pollution on soil microbial communities and subsequent bioremediation can be measured quantitatively in situ using direct, non‐culture‐ dependent techniques. Such techniques have advantages over culture‐based methods, which often account for less than 1% of the extant microbial community. In 1988, a JP‐4 fuel spill contaminated the glacio‐fluvial aquifer at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA. In this study, lipid biomarker characterization of the bacterial and eukaryotic communities was combined with polymerase chain reaction– denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) analysis of the eubacterial community to evaluate correlation between contaminant (JP‐4 fuel) concentration and community structure shifts. Vadose, capillary fringe and saturated zone samples were taken from cores within and up‐ and down‐gradient from the contaminant plume. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated that samples from within the plume contained increased biomass, with large proportions of typically Gram‐negative bacteria. Outside the plume, lipid profiles indicated low‐biomass microbial communities compared with those within the initial spill site. 16S rDNA sequences derived from DGGE profiles from within the initial spill site suggested dominance of the eubacterial community by a limited number of phylogenetically diverse organisms. Used in tandem with pollutant quantification, these molecular techniques should facilitate significant improvements over current assessment procedures for the determination of remediation end‐points.

The use of 15 N natural abundance variation to examine plant and soil organic fractions in pasture under different management practises - S. J. Kerley; Stephen C. Jarvis (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1999)

MuERVC: a new family of murine retrovirus-related repetitive sequences and its relationship to previously known families - Yingping Zhao; Christopher P.D. Jacobs; Liping Wang; Stephen C. Hardies (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

Novel characteristics and regulation of a divergent cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A15) from French bean: engineering expression in yeast - Svetlana Nedelkina; Stephen C. Jupe; Kristopher A. Blee; Michel Schalk; Daniele Werck-Reichhart; G. Paul Bolwell (Plant Molecular Biology, 1999)

Molecular cloning and developmental expression of rat glycogenin in cardiac tissue - Brian J. Pak; S. Jeson Sangaralingham; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1999)

Isolation and characterization of a human hepatic epithelial-like cell line (AKN-1) from a normal liver - Andreas K. Nussler; Gianna Vergani; Susanne M. Gollin; Kenneth Dorko; Susanne Gansauge; Sidney M. Morris; Antony J. Demetris; Minoru Nomoto; Hans G. Beger; Stephen C. Strom (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1999)

Mechanical abrasion and organic matter processing in an Iowa stream - Stephen B. Heard; Gretchen A. Schultz; Christopher B. Ogden; Tamara C. Griesel (Hydrobiologia, 1999)

Strophanthidin-induced gain of Ca 2+ occurs during diastole and not systole in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes - Deborah L. Bennett; Stephen C. O'Neill; David A. Eisner (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 1999)

Size assessment in simulated territorial encounters between male green frogs ( Rana clamitans ) - Mark A. Bee; Stephen A. Perrill; Patrick C. Owen (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1999)

Supravalvular aortic stenosis: a splice site mutation within the elastin gene results in reduced expression of two aberrantly spliced transcripts - Zsolt Urbán; Virginia V. Michels; Stephen N. Thibodeau; Helen Donis-Keller; Katalin Csiszár; C. D. Boyd (Human Genetics, 1999)

Symposia lectures - F. Parak; A. Ostermann; G. U. Nienhaus; Nobuo Niimura; William A. Eaton; Stephen J. Hagen; Eric R. Henry; James Hofrichter; Gouri Jas; Lisa Lapidus; Victor Muñoz; Chih-chen Wang; et al. (Journal of Biosciences, 1999)

Lake restoration: capabilities and needs - Stephen R. Carpenter; Richard C. Lathrop (Hydrobiologia, 1999)

Identification of the High-Virulence Clone of Group B Streptococci in Mexican Isolates by Growth Characteristics at 40°C - Gerardo C. Palacios; Elizabeth K. Eskew; Fortino Solorzano; Stephen J. Mattingly (Current Microbiology, 1999)

The ostracode record from Harris Lake, southwestern Saskatchewan: 9200 years of local environmental change - Stephen C. Porter; David J. Sauchyn; L. Denis Delorme (Journal of Paleolimnology, 1999)

Seed and seedling ecology of piñon and juniper species in the pygmy woodlands of western North America - Jeanne C. Chambers; Stephen B. Vander Wall; Eugene W. Schupp (The Botanical Review, 1999)

Circulation and Mixing of Water Masses of Tatar Strait and the Northwestern Boundary Region of the Japan Sea - Stephen C. Riser; Mark J. Warner; Gennady I. Yurasov (Journal of Oceanography, 1999)

Effective Epicardial Resistance of Rabbit Ventricles - Tamara C. Baynham; Stephen B. Knisley (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota - Richard C. Lathrop; Stephen R. Carpenter; Dale M. Robertson (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20‐yr (1976–1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in‐lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger‐bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller‐bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear‐water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria ‐dominated years than in D. galeata ‐dominated years; D. pulicaria ‐year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July–August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.

Growth, loss, and vertical distribution of Pinus radiata fine roots growing at ambient and elevated CO 2 concentration - Stephen M. Thomas; David Whitehead; JefF. B. Reid; Freeman J. Cook; JohN. A. Adams; AlaN. C. Leckie (Global Change Biology, 1999)
Increased below‐ground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems is a likely consequence of rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration. If this results in changes to fine root growth, turnover and distribution long‐term soil carbon cycling and storage could be altered. Bi‐weekly measurements were made to determine the dynamics and distribution of fine roots ( Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient (350 μmol mol –1 ) and elevated (650 μmol mol –1 ) CO 2 concentration in large open‐top chambers. Measurements were made using minirhizotrons installed horizontally at depths of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 m. During the first year, at a depth of 0.3 m, the increase in relative growth rate of roots occurred 6 weeks earlier in the elevated CO 2 treatment and the maximum rate was reached 10 weeks earlier than for trees in the ambient treatment. After 2 years, cumulative fine root growth ( P t ) was 36% greater for trees growing at elevated CO 2 than at ambient CO 2 concentration, although this difference was not significant. A model of root growth driven by daily soil temperature accounted for between 43 and 99% of root growth variability. Total root loss ( L t ) was 9% in the ambient and 14% in the elevated CO 2 treatment, although this difference was not significant. Root loss was greatest at 0.3 m. In the first year, 62% of fine roots grown between mid‐summer and late‐autumn disappeared within a year in the elevated CO 2 treatment, but only 18% in the ambient CO 2 treatment ( P L t to time accounted for between 74 and 99% of the variability. Root cohort half‐lives were 951 d for the ambient and 333 d for the elevated treatment. Root length density decreased exponentially with depth in both treatments, but relatively more fine roots grown in the elevated CO 2 treatment tended to occur deeper in the soil profile.

Transferring soils from high‐ to low‐elevation forests increases nitrogen cycling rates: climate change implications - Stephen C. Hart; David A. Perry (Global Change Biology, 1999)
We assessed the potential impact of global warming resulting from a doubling of preindustrial atmospheric CO 2 on soil net N transformations by transferring intact soil cores (0–15 cm) from a high‐elevation old‐growth forest to a forest about 800 m lower in elevation in the central Oregon Cascade Mountains, USA. The lower elevation site had mean annual air and soil (10‐cm mineral soil depth) temperatures about 2.4 and 3.9 °C higher than the high‐elevation site, respectively. Annual rates of soil net N mineralization and nitrification more than doubled in soil transferred to the low‐elevation site (17.2–36.0 kg N ha –1 and 5.0–10.7 kg NO 3 – –N ha –1 , respectively). Leaching of inorganic N from the surface soil (in the absence of plant uptake) also increased. The reciprocal treatment (transferring soil cores from the low‐ to the high‐elevation site) resulted in decreases of about 70, 80, and 65% in annual rates of net N mineralization, nitrification, and inorganic N leaching, respectively. Laboratory incubations of soils under conditions of similar temperature and soil water potential suggest that the quality of soil organic matter is higher at the high‐elevation site. Similar in situ rates of soil net N transformations between the two sites occurred because the lower temperature counteracts the effects of greater substrate quantity and quality at the high elevation site. Our results support the hypothesis that high‐elevation, old‐growth forest soils in the central Cascades have higher C and N storage than their low‐elevation analogues primarily because low temperatures limit net C and N mineralization rates at higher elevations.

Habituation in the green frog, Rana clamitans - Patrick C. Owen; Stephen A. Perrill (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1998)

Physiological tolerances of juvenile robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum: conservation implications for an imperiled species - Stephen J. Walsh; Dennis C. Haney; Cindy M. Timmerman; Robert M. Dorazio (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1998)

Tracing Marine Biomass into Tidal Freshwater Ecosystems Using Stable Sulfur Isotopes - Stephen E. MacAvoy; Stephen A. Macko; Greg C. Garman (The Science of Nature, 1998)

Effects of Metal Mining and Milling on Boundary Waters of Yellowstone National Park, USA - DELWAYNE R. NIMMO; MARY J. WILLOX; TOBEN D. LAFRANCOIS; PHILLIP L. CHAPMAN; STEPHEN F. BRINKMAN; JOSEPH C. GREENE (Environmental Management, 1998)

Fire history of an isolated subalpine mountain range of the Intermountain Region, United States - Michael P. Murray; Stephen C. Bunting; Penny Morgan (Journal of Biogeography, 1998)
Fire has historically been an important ecological component of forests in the Intermountain Region of the northwestern United States. This study is set in a small biogeographically disjunct mountain range. Our research objectives were to (1) investigate the historical frequency, severity, size, and spatial pattern of fire; (2) determine if and how fire regimes have changed since Euro‐American settlement; and (3) compare how fire regimes of a small isolated range compare to nearby, but considerably larger, mountain agglomerations. Our findings suggest that this mountain range has historically supported fires typified by small size and high frequency, resulting in a high degree of spatial pattern complexity compared to mountain agglomerations. We also found disparity in size and burn severity solely within the study area based on the bisecting Continental Divide. Since the advent of Euro‐American settlement in the 1870s, fire frequency and sizes of individual fires in the West Big Hole Range have significantly decreased resulting in an estimated 87% reduction in area burned. We discuss potential relationships of mountain range isolation and fire regimes in the Intermountain Region. Furthermore, we suggest that the relative small size of this mountain range predisposes it to greater anthropogenic effects upon fire occurrence.

Molecular cloning and characterization of maize ZmMEK1, a protein kinase with a catalytic domain homologous to mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase kinases - Shane C. Hardin; Stephen M. Wolniak (Planta, 1998)

The Green University - Stephen C. Trombulak; Susan Bratton; Mark H. Waugh; David Pimentel; James M. Peek (Conservation Biology, 1998)

The Green University - Stephen C. Trombulak; Susan Bratton; Mark H. Waugh; David Pimentel; James M. Peek (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant-tended homopterans indirectly benefit figs across southern Africa - J. Hall Cushman; Stephen G. Compton; Costas Zachariades; Anthony B. Ware; Rory J. C. Nefdt; Vanessa K. Rashbrook (Oecologia, 1998)

Effects of third intracerebroventricular injections of corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF) on ethanol drinking and food intake - S. Michael Bell; James G. Reynolds; Todd E. Thiele; Jane Gan; D. P. Figlewicz; Stephen C. Woods (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

Quantifying damage as percentage potato tuber volume lost per peeler stroke - Stephen D. Evans; Douglas C. McRae (Potato Research, 1998)

An edited linkage map for the AXB and BXA recombinant inbred mouse strains - Stephen B. Sampson; David C. Higgins; Rosemary W. Elliot; Benjamin A. Taylor; Kira K. Lueders; Robert A. Koza; Beverly Paigen (Mammalian Genome, 1998)

Pollen fertility among BC2 offspring of Impatiens interspecific hybrids of New Guinea and Indonesian ancestry - Loren C. Stephens (Euphytica, 1998)

Taxonomy and biotransformation activities of some deep-sea actinomycetes - Joy A. Colquhoun; Stephen C. Heald; Lina Li; J. Tamaoka; Chiaki Kato; Koki Horikoshi; A. T. Bull (Extremophiles, 1998)

Mus spretus LINE-1s in C57BL/6J map to at least two different chromosomes - Yingping Zhao; Rhonda Greene-Till; Stephen C. Hardies (Mammalian Genome, 1998)

The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems - Stephen S. O. Burgess; Mark A. Adams; Neil C. Turner; Chin K. Ong (Oecologia, 1998)

Electrical Signal Transmission in a Bone Cell Network: The Influence of a Discrete Gap Junction - Dajun Zhang; Sheldon Weinbaum; Stephen C. Cowin (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1998)

Correction - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

Terrestrial models and global change: challenges for the future - George C. Hurtt; PauL. R. Moorcroft; Stephen W. Pacala And; Simon A. Levin (Global Change Biology, 1998)
A wide variety of models have illustrated the potential importance of terrestrial biological feedbacks on climate and climate change; yet our ability to make precise predictions is severely limited, due to a high degree of uncertainty. In this paper, after briefly reviewing current models, we present challenges for new terrestrial models and introduce a simple mechanistic approach that may complement existing approaches.

Terrestrial models and global change: challenges for the future - GEORGE C. HURTT; PAUL R. MOORCROFT; STEPHEN W. PACALA; SIMON A. LEVIN (Global Change Biology, 1998)

Photoinhibition and the availability of inorganic carbon restrict photosynthesis by surface blooms of cyanobacteria - Bas W. Ibelings; Stephen C. Maberly (Limnology and Oceanography, 1998)
When buoyant cyanobacteria form a surface bloom, they may obtain inorganic carbon from the water and the atmosphere. In this study, artificial blooms of cyanobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere and HCO 2 -1 , in the water. The conditions and photosynthetic activity within the bloom were measured with microelectrodes sensing O 2 , pH, and light. Net rates of photosynthesis increased with the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere (air = 350 ppm). However, even under 3,500 ppm CO 2 , reducing the concentration of inorganic carbon in the water reduced rates of photosynthesis. Thus, both air and water acted as sources of inorganic carbon. Bloom formation may give cyanobacteria an advantage in competition for light and inorganic carbon with other groups of phytoplankton; by placing a dense biomass close to the water surface they are able to intercept a large amount of the flux of light and inorganic carbon. The high surface pH produced in the bloom will promote influx of CO 2 from the atmosphere by “chemical enhancement.” The obvious advantage of being close to the water surface may be offset by the risk of photoinhibition at high photon irradiance. The dense packing of colonies in the bloom furthermore caused a high local demand for inorganic carbon and consequently extreme carbon depletion. This combination of high photon irradiance and carbon limitation proved to be especially detrimental in blooms. When the availability of inorganic carbon was restricted, nonphotochemical quenching of fluorescence increased, showing some removal of excess excitation energy, but not to the extent that photodamage was prevented. Depending on the outcome of several interacting processes, surface bloom formation may be advantageous or deleterious for the cyanobacteria involved. This also depends on the environmental conditions to which cells were acclimated prior to bloom formation. Cyanobacteria have a better chance of withstanding the conditions in surface blooms if the cells were already acclimated to high average irradiance prior to floating to the surface.

Chronic haloperidol produces a time- and dose-related slowing of lick rhythm in rats: implications for rodent models of tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism - Stephen C. Fowler; Guanghui Wang (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

Discriminative stimulus properties of low doses of ethanol in humans - T. Duka; D. N. Stephens; C. Russell; R. Tasker (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

The importance of crevices to the intertidal snail Littoraria articulata (Philippi) in a tropical mangrove forest - Simon M. Catesby; Stephen C. McKillup (Hydrobiologia, 1998)

Decentralized control of drone comb construction in honey bee colonies - Stephen C. Pratt (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1998)

NATO/CCMS pilot study - Clean Products and Processes - Stephen C. James (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 1998)

Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the xth international congress of virology - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. van den Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

Expressed sequenced tags and new genes from the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus - Andrea L. Crampton; Catherine Miller; Glenn D. Baxter; Stephen C. Barker (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 1998)

Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate-time relationship and time to exhaustion in high-intensity cycling - Jimmy C. Smith; Daniel P. Stephens; Emily L. Hall; Allen W. Jackson; Conrad P. Earnest (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998)

Patterns and governing forces in aquatic microbial communities - Stephen C. Nold; Gabriel Zwart (Aquatic Ecology, 1998)

A Social Marketing Approach to Landowner Education - C. Benjamin Tyson; Stephen H. Broderick; Leslie B. Snyder (Journal of Forestry, 1998)
This article identifies factors that influence the intentions of nonindustrial private forest owners to prepare forest stewardship plans, based on survey research conducted in south central Connecticut. Social marketing principles guided research procedures. Findings allow construction of a casual model that diagrams forest owners' motivations to do forest stewardship planning. Social marketing also helps researchers segment the population so that a communications strategy to reach priority audiences can be developed.

Mapping sediment acoustic impedance using remote sensing acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment - Donald J. Walter; Douglas N. Lambert; David C. Young; Kevin P. Stephens (Geo-Marine Letters, 1997)

Spectral karyotyping refines cytogenetic diagnostics of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities - E. Schröck; T. Veldman; Hesed Padilla-Nash; Y. Ning; Jack Spurbeck; Syed Jalal; Lisa G. Shaffer; Peter Papenhausen; Chahira Kozma; Mary C. Phelan; Eigil Kjeldsen; Stephen A. Schonberg; et al. (Human Genetics, 1997)

Transport, degradation and cell wall-integration of XXFGol, a growth-regulating nonasaccharide of xyloglucan, in pea stems - Hildegard M. Warneck; Daniel C. Fulton; Hanns Ulrich Seitz; Stephen C. Fry (Planta, 1997)

Boreal diatom ponds: A rare wetland associated with nesting whooping cranes - Kevin Timoney; Stephen C. Zoltai; L. Gordon Goldsborough (Wetlands, 1997)

The effects of pond duration on the life history traits of an ephemeral pond crustacean,Eulimnadia texana - Vivien Marcus; Stephen C. Weeks (Hydrobiologia, 1997)

Notes on the life history of the clam shrimp, Eulimnadia texana - Stephen C. Weeks; Vivien Marcus; Sheila Alvarez (Hydrobiologia, 1997)

Regulation of desmosomal cell adhesion in human tumour cells by polyunsaturated fatty acids - Wen G. Jiang; Sim K. Singhrao; Stephen Hiscox; Maurice B. Hallett; Richard P. Bryce; David F. Horrobin; Malcolm C. A. Puntis; Robert E. Mansel (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 1997)

s of papers presented at the 81st annual meeting of The Potato Association of America Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada August 3 – 7, 1997 - S. T. Ali-Khan; C. Hetner; L. Ladislav; V. Currie; Walter J. Arsenault; A. Naseer Aziz; Janet E. A. Seabrook; George C. C. Tai; J. B. Bamberg; Alfonso H. del Rio; Max Martin; J. B. Bamberg; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 1997)

Gamma-vinyl GABA attenuates cocaine-induced lowering of brain stimulation reward thresholds - Stephanie A. Kushner; Stephen L. Dewey; C. Kornetsky (Psychopharmacology, 1997)

Eighteen new polymorphic markers in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) region - Pachiappan Manickam; Siradanahalli C. Guru; Larisa V. Debelenko; Sunita K. Agarwal; Shodimu-Emmanuel Olufemi; Jane M. Weisemann; Mark S. Boguski; Judy S. Crabtree; Yingping Wang; Bruce A. Roe; Irina A. Lubensky; Zhengping Zhuang; et al. (Human Genetics, 1997)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dimethylsulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter capsulatus - Philippa E. Baugh; C. D. Garner; John M. Charnock; David Collison; E. Stephen Davies; Alan S. McAlpine; S. Bailey; Ian Lane; Graeme R. Hanson; Alastair G. McEwan (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1997)

Substrate preference in age-0 red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus - Stephen T. Szedlmayer; Jeffrey C. Howe (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1997)

The 1984 to 1996 cyclic activity of Lascar Volcano, northern Chile: cycles of dome growth, dome subsidence, degassing and explosive eruptions - Stephen J. Matthews; Moyra C. Gardeweg; R. Stephen J. Sparks (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1997)

Restoration of wetland vegetation with transplanted wetland soil: An experimental study - Stephen C. Brown; Barbara L. Bedford (Wetlands, 1997)

Typical Frankia infect actinorhizal plants exotic to New Zealand - Michael L. Clawson; David R. Benson; Steven C. Resch; David W. Stephens; Warwick B. Silvester (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1997)
Frankia strains are actinomycetes that fix N 2 in root nodules of plants classified in eight families of the Angiospermae. The wide variety of plants infected has raised questions about the ecology and diversity of Frankia symbionts, and their co‐evolution with actinorhizal plants. Partial sequencing was done of the small subunit (16S) rRNA gene from Frankia endophytes present in the root nodules of Alnus cordata , A. glutinosa , A. viridis , Casuarina equisetifolia, Coriaria arborea, C. plumosa , and Elaeagnus pungens growing in New Zealand. With the exceptions of the Coriaria spp., all of the plants are exotic to New Zealand. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates that the exotic species were nodulated by Frankia strains that cluster with strain groups previously shown to be typical for each actinorhizal host. Frankia in 12 native Coriaria spp. nodules yielded two sequences differing in only one position, suggesting a relatively low diversity compared with the exotic species.

Behavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains: implications and recommendations for molecular studies - J. N. Crawley; John K. Belknap; Allan Collins; John C. Crabbe; Wayne Frankel; Norman Henderson; Robert J. Hitzemann; Stephen C. Maxson; Lucinda L. Miner; Alcino J. Silva; Jeanne M. Wehner; Anthony Wynshaw-Boris; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 1997)

Responses of huvec and EAhy926 to heparin and fibroblast growth factors - Stephen Thomas; Elaine Gray; C. Jane Robinson (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1997)

Uranium/thorium dating of ferricretes from mid- to late pleistocene glacial sediments, western Tasmania, Australia - Paul C. Augustinus; Stephen A. Short; Henk Heijnis (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1997)

Isolation and Characterization of an Acetylated Impurity in Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Drug Substance - Mollie N. Pflumm; Stephen C. Gruber; Anthony Tsarbopoulos; David Wylie; Birendra Pramanik; James N. Bausch; Suman T. Patel (Pharmaceutical Research, 1997)

Increased cerebral free radical production during thiamine deficiency - Philip J. Langlais; Gary Anderson; S. X. Guo; Stephen C. Bondy (Metabolic Brain Disease, 1997)

Encouraging Private Forest Stewardship through Demonstration - Alison H. Harmon; Stephen B. Jones; James C. Finley (Journal of Forestry, 1997)

Alteration of the quaternary structure of glutamate dehydrogenase from Clostridium symbiosum by a single mutation distant from the subunit interfaces - Jonathan L. E. Dean; H. Cölfen; Stephen E. Harding; David W. Rice; P. C. Engel (European Biophysics Journal, 1997)

Distribution of contact force during impact to the hip - Stephen N. Robinovitch; Wilson C. Hayes; Thomas A. McMahon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1997)

Corticosteroid and thyroid responses of larval and juvenile turbot exposed to the water‐soluble fraction of crude oil - S. M. Stephens; A. Y. A. Alkindi; C. P. Waring; J. A. Brown (Journal of Fish Biology, 1997)
Turbot larvae (24–590 degree C days; 2–32 days post‐hatch) and juveniles (1345 degree C days; 98 days post‐hatch), were exposed for 6 h to 25, 33 and 50% water‐soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil in either static or flow‐through test systems. Larvae showed generalized primary endocrine responses, identified by elevated whole body cortisol content from as early as 2 days post‐hatch. In older larvae and juveniles, the response was related to the WSF concentration. This dose‐response relationship was not apparent in younger and yolk‐sac larvae. Whole body thyroxine content of turbot larvae exposed to the WSF of crude oil was increased, but triiodothyronine content remained stable. Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and naphthalenes] remained constant during flow‐through tests, but 65% of the initial level of BTEX hydrocarbons and 40% of the naphthalenes were lost during static exposures. Larval mortalities increased with exposure to an increasing concentration of crude oil WSF. Larval activity was significantly reduced even at the lowest WSF concentration.

Improvement in accuracy of delayed recall in aged and non-aged, mature monkeys after intramuscular or transdermal administration of the CNS nicotinic receptor agonist ABT-418 - Mark A. Prendergast; Alvin V. Terry Jr.; William J. Jackson; Kennan C. Marsh; Michael W. Decker; Stephen P. Arneric; J. J. Buccafusco; A. V. Terry Jr. (Psychopharmacology, 1997)