Beyond the curfew: Diurnal coral reef fish and mesopredator behavioural modifications under artificial light at night in the wild intensifies nocturnal predator-prey interactions - Thibaut Roost; Erin Campbell-Hooper; Frédéric Zuberer; Ricardo Beldade; Therésa M. Jones; Suzanne C. Mills; Stephen E. Swearer (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2026)

Diagnostic accuracy of a milk pregnancy-associated glycoprotein ELISA accounting for day since last breeding for pregnancy detection in Holstein cows - Simon Dufour; Jean Durocher; Geoffrey Fosgate; Peter C. Irons; Stephen J. LeBlanc; Elouise Molgat (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2026)

Phylogenomic assessment of microhylid frogs reveals widespread taxonomic confusion in the Asterophryinae and establishes the timing of diversification in Australia - Ian G. Brennan; Conrad J. Hoskin; Stephen J. Richards; Alan R. Lemmon; Emily Moriarty Lemmon; Stephen C. Donnellan; J. Scott Keogh (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2026)

Tall tree and aboveground biomass dynamics in redwood forests during hydroclimate whiplash - Stephen C. Sillett; Mark E. Graham (Forest Ecology and Management, 2026)

Examining widely held propositions on human dietary protein needs and benefits: a critical review of the science that shapes both the data and our understanding of an essential macronutrient - Mitchell M. Kanter; Sally Aaron; Steven N. Austad; Andrew W. Brown; Nicholas A. Burd; Wayne W. Campbell; Mark Cope; Teresa A. Davis; John W. Erdman; Miguel Freitas; Kristen Hicks-Roof; Samuel Klein; et al. (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2026)

Stratigraphic and geochemical insights into the glacioeustatic, tectonic, and diagenetic history of the upper Paleozoic Hermosa Group and lower Cutler beds, Paradox Basin, Utah, USA - Stephanie J. White; Stacy C. Atchley; Elizabeth Petsios; Stephen I. Dworkin; Gary E. Stinchcomb (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2026)

Superbugs exposed: The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food-producing animals in Suriname - Carlotte M. Rozemond; Edmund F. Rozenblad; Engeline van Duijkeren; Eline J. Pierik; Paul D. Hengeveld; Cindy M. Dierikx; Sabine C. de Greeff; Stephen G. Vreden; Ed IJzerman; Terrence Mawie; Joost Hordijk; Jaap T. van Dissel (Next Research, 2026)

Latitudinal mixing and movement of eastern school whiting (Sillago flindersi) in south-eastern Australia indicated from otolith trace element chemistry - Karina C. Hall; Kris Cooling; Brendan P. Kelaher; Kyne Krusic-Golub; Stephen G. Morris; Curtis Champion; Renaud Joannes-Boyau (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2026)

Understanding the deactivation mechanisms of ethanol conversion over Cu-Y/Beta catalyst - Meijun Li; Stephen C. Purdy; Shivangi N. Borate; Junyan Zhang; Kinga A. Unocic; Michael Cordon; Hunter Jacobs; Zili Wu; Jacklyn Hall; A. Jeremy Kropf; Brian H. Davison; James W. Harris; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Utilising Multiplex Amplicon Sequencing and Read-Backed Haplotyping to Track Homozygosity and Residual Heterozygosity in Diploid Potato Breeding - Lea Vexler; Dan Milbourne; Ronald C. B. Hutten; Vanessa Prigge; Christel Engelen; Stephen Byrne; Maria de la O. Leyva-Perez; Denis Griffin; Richard G. F. Visser; Herman J. van Eck (Potato Research, 2026)

Are fishing decisions flexible? Participation, species target, and landing location choices in the U.S. west coast coastal pelagic species fishery - Felipe J. Quezada-Escalona; Desiree Tommasi; Isaac C. Kaplan; Barbara Muhling; Stephen M. Stohs (Ecological Economics, 2026)

Minimal fractionation in Ge/Si ratios and Si isotopes in the late Paleoproterozoic Baraboo paleosol - Zhi-Hong Huang; Stephen C. Peters (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Metabolic synergy of species growth, solvent, and gas production in cocultures of Clostridium carboxidivorans and Clostridium beijerinckii - Okezie Emmanuel; Christopher C. Okonkwo; Stephen A. Akinola; Hasan K. Atiyeh; Thaddeus C. Ezeji (Bioresource Technology Reports, 2026)

Dietary exposure to perchlorate of the Hong Kong population through a total diet study - Stephen W. C. Chung; Iris F. M. Cheung; Margaret C. L. Yeung; Gabriel Y. S. Chan; Joey L. Y. Kwok; Waiky W. K. Wong; K. H. Kung; Terence Y. Y. Cheung (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2026)

MATHFI: A Multi-scale Adaptive Thresholding and Hierarchical Feature Integration Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation and Quantitative Biomarker Analysis - Michelle N. Tolentino; Stephen Lloyd C. Abenoja; Jonathan C. Morano; Dan Michael A. Cortez; Ymir M. Garcia; Kuo-Sheng Cheng (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2026)

Microbiome baseline for an Arctic sentinel: spatial patterning of nasal and anal microbiomes in ringed seals - Carlos A. Domínguez-Sánchez; Olwyn C. Friesen; Brent G. Young; Tera L. Edkins; Ellen V. Lea; Magali Houde; Stephen D. Petersen; David J. Yurkowski; Holly E. L. Gamblin; Steve H. Ferguson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2026)
Introduction Ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ) are sentinel species of Arctic change, yet baseline microbiome data across their circumpolar range remain limited. Methods We profiled nasal and anal microbiomes from 90 free-ranging ringed seals across eight Arctic and sub-Arctic locations in Canada using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Body site was the primary determinant of microbiome structure, with nasal and anal assemblages forming distinct communities that could be classified with 94.8% accuracy, consistent with strong niche partitioning. Nasal microbiomes exhibited a conserved core dominated by the genera Corynebacterium, Psychrobacter , and Suttonella across all sampling locations, supporting a stable respiratory baseline consistent with host-mediated filtering. In contrast, anal microbiomes showed higher richness, greater inter-individual variability, and a latitudinal gradient in diversity: Shannon index, Pielou’s evenness, and Simpson index all declined with increasing latitude (all p < 0.05), suggesting that ecological constraints at higher latitudes promote dominance by a narrower set of taxa without reducing overall richness. Despite overall compositional differences among locations, geographic distance was a poor predictor of microbiome dissimilarity in both body sites. Instead, continuous spatial gradients of latitude and longitude were associated with microbiome composition in both body sites: in nasal microbiomes, genus Corynebacterium increased while Ornithobacterium and Suttonella decreased at higher latitudes, whereas in anal microbiomes, Psychrobacter and Peptoclostridium increased northward while Fusobacterium and Bacteroides declined, patterns not previously reported in Arctic pinnipeds. Conclusion Together, these findings establish the first integrated nasal and anal microbiome baseline for ringed seals, demonstrate that the two body sites provide complementary ecological signals, and establish a reference framework for future microbiome-based health monitoring in a rapidly changing Arctic.

A whale apart: further evidence for genetic isolation of Arabian Sea humpback whales from other recognised subspecies - A. Rita Amaral; Stephen J. Gaughran; Melina I. Giakoumis; Andrew Willson; Gianna Minton; Robert Baldwin; Maia Sarrouf Willson; Suaad Al Harthi; Aida Al Jabri; Tim Collins; Koen Van Waerebeek; Howard C. Rosenbaum (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2026)
Genetic studies have differentiated three subspecies of humpback whales: Megaptera novaeangliae novaeangliae in the North Atlantic, M. n. australis in the Southern Hemisphere and M. n. kuzira in the North Pacific. However, these analyses did not include samples from the Arabian Sea humpback whale population (ASHW). Historic, behavioural, and previously published genetic data suggested that ASHWs are a discrete, isolated and resident population. This study provides further evidence of genetic uniqueness of the ASHWs by comparing samples collected in Oman with the three existing humpback whale subspecies. The morphological and genetic data obtained in this study confirmed the identification of the type specimen for Megaptera indica from Iraq as a humpback whale, closely related to contemporary ASHWs. Genetic differentiation between ASHWs and other subspecies were found (Fst values 0.1213-0.2441 and φ ST values 0.0831-0.6470). Together with the multiple lines of evidence for reproductive and behavioural isolation of this unique humpback whale population that does not undertake seasonal latitudinal migrations as do all other populations, this genetic data support the recognition of a fourth subspecies, which would be named for the type specimen from Iraq: Megaptera novaeangliae indica . Anthropogenic threats to ASHWs and their habitat are severe and escalating and there is a risk of extirpation. Population abundance is low with no evidence of increasing over the past two decades. The genetic differentiation of ASHWs may have been driven by a range of interdependent biogeographical and ecological factors coupled with behavioural adaptations over a period of ~43,000-113,000 years. Regionally coordinated conservation action is urgently needed to preserve this population’s unique genetic diversity.

The action of marimastat, a metalloprotease inhibitor, on the coagulant, hemorrhagic, and neuromuscular activities of Lachesis muta (South American bushmaster) venom - Vitória S. Proença-Hirata; Isabele N. Oliveira; Gabrielly C. Souza-Gomes; Samuel R. Dias; Hugo A. Ghirotti; Sofia N.S. Azevedo; Poliana J. Demico; Francis L. Pacagnelli; Rogério Giuffrida; Gisele A. Nai; Nelson J. Silva; Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla; et al. (Toxicon, 2026)

Caledochytrium aldermanii gen. Et sp. nov.; a new Labyrinthulomycete displaying a novel reproductive strategy - Jane L. Polglase; Peter C. Morris; Stephen W. Feist; Wilfrid J. Mitchell; Fiona Strachan; Kirsty A. Fraser; James R. Iremonger; Elisabeth A. Dyrynda; Alastair R. Lyndon; Lydia A. Brown (Protist, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Leveraging green stormwater infrastructure as a social-ecological synergy strategy at neighborhood scale” [J. Environ. Manag. 413 (2026) 130337] - Kejing Zhou; Fanhua Kong; Haiwei Yin; Matthew J. Burns; Marie C. Dade; Stephen J. Livesley (Journal of Environmental Management, 2026)

Patient-Reported Visual Function in Ataxias and Association with Clinical Oculomotor Findings - Faye X. Yang; Rohin Manohar; Anna C. Luddy; Albert Y. Hung; Anne-Marie A. Wills; Christopher D. Stephen; Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Anoopum S. Gupta (The Cerebellum, 2026)

Gut microbiome of New Zealand abalone ( Haliotis iris ): a Chatham Islands case study - Jinchen Guo; Leonie Venter; Shaneel S. Sharma; Stephen D. J. Archer; Donnabella C. Lacap-Bugler; Andrea C. Alfaro (Molluscan Research, 2026)

A single dose of cannabidiol increases ad libitum energy intake in healthy adults but does not affect postprandial glucose or lipid metabolism - Drusus A. Johnson; Mark P. Funnell; Thomas G. Cable; Donald Peden; Chris J. McLeod; Patrick C. Wheeler; Stephen J. Bailey; Tom Clifford; Liam M. Heaney; Lewis J. James (Appetite, 2026)

Leveraging green stormwater infrastructure as a social-ecological synergy strategy at neighborhood scale - Kejing Zhou; Fanhua Kong; Haiwei Yin; Matthew J. Burns; Marie C. Dade; Stephen J. Livesley (Journal of Environmental Management, 2026)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in four free-ranging odontocetes - Nicholas J. Davison; Stephen A. Raverty; Els M. Broens; Andrew C. Brownlow; Mark P. Dagleish; Andrea Gröne; Marja J.L. Kik; Linde van Schalkwijk; Lonneke L. IJsseldijk (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2026)

The phasmid Carausius morosus efficiently digests stachyose, oleuropein, pectin and hemicelluloses, but only weakly digests native leaf cellulose - Luke Yuan; E. Alanie Lapina; Lenka Franková; Stephen C. Fry (Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2026)

History of episodic heavy alcohol use predicts antidepressant effectiveness of ketamine - Aaishah R. Raquib; Vy Nguyen; Joshua C. Brown; Amanda E. Sedgewick; Stephen Seiner; Joseph J. Taylor; Shan H. Siddiqi; Robert C. Meisner (Psychopharmacology, 2026)
Rationale Antidepressant response to ketamine is greatest in patients with a family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but it remains unclear if this trend holds true for a personal history of alcohol use. Objective We hypothesized that a personal history of episodic heavy drinking would positively correlate with antidepressant response to ketamine. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) received intravenous ketamine. To assess specificity, patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at the same center were also studied. Depression was quantified using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Self-Report) (QIDS-SR), And alcohol use was quantified using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test question 3 (AUDIT-3). Results Of 225 patients evaluated for ketamine, 178 completed the AUDIT-3 And completed the initial course of three treatments. Of 2577 that received ECT, 1851 received at least 10 treatments. Across both groups, patients were between age 16 And 90. With ketamine, history of past-year episodic heavy drinking was associated with greater improvement in QIDS-SR with a significant Group x Time interaction after the first three treatments (F(12,502) = 2.25, p = 0.0089), four treatments (F(16,632) = 2.56, p = 0.0007), and five treatments (F(20,757) = 2.22, p = 0.0016). This effect was not seen with ECT after 5 treatments (F(4,2283) = 0.91, p = 0.46), 10 treatments (F(8,3939) = 1.63, p = 0.11), or 20 treatments (F(16,7154) = 1.50, p = 0.09). There was An interaction after 15 treatments (F(12,5113) = 1.93, p = 0.027), although this did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Conclusions In patients with trMDD, history of episodic heavy drinking predicted antidepressant effectiveness of ketamine, but not ECT. These results may assist in patient selection for ECT vs. ketamine.

Too small to matter? a call to action for european small mustelid research - Pieter J. Otte; Stephen P. Carter; Andrin C. Dürst; Marco Granata; Jeroen Mos; Salvador Salvador; Vasco Valdez; Karol Zub; Tim R. Hofmeester (Mammal Research, 2026)

Disruption of the gut microbiota in regulator of G protein signaling 14 knockout (RGS14 KO) mice alters the metabolome and reduces enhanced exercise capacity - Candace R. Longoria; Daniel D. DeSio; Marko Oydanich; Xiaoyang Su; Eric N. Chiles; Lee J. Kerkhof; Olufunmilola Ibironke; Max M. Häggblom; Nathan P. Wages; John J. Guers; Dorothy E. Vatner; Stephen F. Vatner; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2026)

A Numerical Study of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Larval Growth and Dispersal in Barataria Estuary, Louisiana, USA - Zhengchen Zang; Z. George Xue; Shaye E. Sable; Megan K. La Peyre; Kenneth A. Rose; Timothy A. Stephens; Brady Carter; David C. Lindquist; Yanda Ou; Ziyan Lei (Estuaries and Coasts, 2026)

Demography and Localized Reservoirs of Diversity Underlie Global Divergence in the Giant Kelp Macrocystis pyrifera - E. C. Giles; A. Zaiko; H. G. Hampton; P. Saenz‐Agudelo; M. Scriver; D. Crossett; A. Sim; X. B. Zhang; T. Jedrecka; C. O. Blain; L. Rauhina‐August; C. E. Cornwall; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2026)
Accurate assessments of genetic diversity are crucial for effective management of natural resources. Numerous evolutionary mechanisms and genetic constraints can shape lineage divergence, challenging our quantification of biodiversity. Here, using whole genome resequencing of globally distributed giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Order: Laminariales), we show clear separation of genetic groups across the Pacific based on 99 genotyped individuals and 799,160 SNPs. Additionally, divergence across 88 genotyped individuals (53 derived in silico and 35 newly sequenced) considering 5,466,408 SNPs is attributed to both historical demographic processes and differential selection. Between Central California and the South Pacific (Chile, Tasmania, New Zealand), high divergence has occurred with very weak levels of gene flow, with concurrent timing of divergence. In parts of the South Pacific, kelp exhibited nucleotide diversity comparable to Central Californian populations but showed stronger signals of directional selection and excesses of rare alleles, with fewer genes showing signs of negative selection and some carbon‐related genes under positive selection. In contrast, Central Californian kelp had an excess of genes with synonymous mutations and showed evidence of a recent population contraction, as indicated by linkage disequilibrium and Tajima's D . In all populations, genome‐wide background divergence was paired with narrow genomic intervals of high nucleotide diversity and high linkage disequilibrium, which predominantly contained pervasive repetitive sequences. These repetitive regions were larger and more often shared among genetic groups in the South Pacific. They also appear to harbour genes of unknown function and alleles at intermediate frequency, suggesting that giant kelp maintain reservoirs of diversity within linked repeats, and this phenomenon is more pronounced in South Pacific M. pyrifera . Overall, the discovery of differential selection and structural variation as key drivers of divergence points to underappreciated genomic mechanisms of adaptation in kelp. These results will be useful for informing efforts to enhance climate resilience by identifying the evolutionary potential underlying kelp forest adaptation in the future.

Amazon Dry Season Will Lengthen Under Future Climate - Igor José Malfetoni Ferreira; Nathália S. Carvalho; Lina M. Mercado; Stephen Sitch; Douglas Kelley; Chantelle Burton; Débora Joana Dutra; Scott Barningham; Maria L. F. Barbosa; Julia Mindlin; Celso H. L. Silva‐Junior; Dhruba J. Goswami; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2026)
The Amazon rainforest is a key component of the Earth system, regulating regional climate, sustaining high biodiversity and carbon stocks. However, it is threatened by climate and land‐use changes. In recent decades, the region has experienced intensified droughts and heatwaves, trends expected to worsen under future warming. In this study, we assess how the timing, length, and spatial distribution of the dry season across the Amazon is projected to change this century under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Using a multi‐model ensemble of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) weighted according to their RMSE performance, we estimate monthly water balance based on precipitation and evapotranspiration from 2000 to 2100. We calculated dry season onset, end, and length from accumulated water deficits, providing a spatially explicit characterization of seasonal dynamics. We find a significant lengthening of the dry season in 35% of the basin under low‐emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6) and up to 56% under high‐emission scenarios (SSP5‐8.5), with increases of up to 2 months in the southern and eastern Amazon by 2100. Such changes pose major risks for forest degradation, regional water availability, and climate feedback, potentially reducing the biome's role as a carbon sink. With such large changes even under low emission, our findings demonstrate the urgent need for spatially targeted climate adaptation strategies and mitigation policies that consider future changes in seasonal water availability. While such strategies are essential to enhance societal resilience, safeguarding forest ecosystems and preserving Amazonian hydrological functions ultimately depend on ambitious efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These actions are essential not only for local and regional sustainability but also for global climate stability.

Analysis of second-generation epigenetic clocks reveals further associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume - Lidija Milicic; Michael Vacher; Vincent Doré; Pierrick Bourgeat; Rosita Shishegar; James D. Doecke; Paul Maruff; Christopher C. Rowe; Victor L. Villemagne; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Integrating green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) with Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) is feasible, but biofouling grazing control requires further optimization - Coleen C. Suckling; Isabella Southwood; Christopher Jenkins; Brendan Elba; Dana Morse; Stephen D. Eddy (Aquaculture, 2026)

Thermal loading effects on chalk hydromechanical behavior for nuclear waste disposal - William M. Kibikas; Robert C. Choens; Margariete Malenda; Jennifer E. Wilson; Michael Homel; Stephen J. Bauer; Eyal Shalev; Vladimir Lyakhovsky (Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 2026)

Microplastic pollution and thermal increase alter cellular stress responses and microbiomes in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fish - Daniela Nualart C; Guillaume Schwob; Julieta Orlando; Kurt Paschke; Pedro M. Guerreiro; Stephen D. McCormick; Chi-Hing Christina Cheng; Luis Vargas-Chacoff (Environmental Pollution, 2026)

The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project Phase 2 data release: An open data resource for the study of Earth's environmental history - Úna C. Farrell; Hunter C. Olson; Maya O. Thompson; Michelle L. Abshire; Oyeleye O. Adeboye; Anne-Sofie C. Ahm; Lewis J. Alcott; Thomas J. Algeo; Ross P. Anderson; Arif H. Ansari; Lucas Pinto Heckert Bastos; Kohen W. Bauer; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Convergence of climate change relevant decisions and bounded livelihood choices (CCRDs) of smallholder black pepper farmers in Kerala, India - Smija P. K.; Pratheesh P. Gopinath; Neetha Rose C. D.; Roy Stephen (Regional Environmental Change, 2026)

Unveiling the Biosynthetic Landscape of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. PGLac3x via Growth Optimization and Whole-Genome Analysis - C. E. Ezeobiora; N. E. Maningi; D. H. Amin; N. H. Igbokwe; C. F. Okpalanwa; C. M. Stephen; U. E. Mendie (Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2026)

Multimorbidity as a predictor of mortality in companion dogs - Eric R. Foreman; Laura Corlin; Kate E. Creevy; Jessica M. Hoffman; Joshua M. Akey; Rozalyn M. Anderson; Elhanan Borenstein; Marta G. Castelhano; Amanda E. Coleman; Matthew D. Dunbar; Virginia R. Fajt; Erica C Jonlin; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Scientists’ warning on the global destruction of rock outcrop ecosystems - Luiza F. A. de Paula; Lucas N. Perillo; Gianluigi Ottaviani; Flávio F. Carmo; Mandar N. Datar; Katherine C. Enebeli‐Ekwutoziam; Bruno Fogliani; Stephen D. Hopper; Aboli Kulkarni; Hans Lambers; Rafael F. Magalhães; Frederico S. Neves; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2026)
Rock outcrops are geological formations that harbor a highly specialized biota adapted to harsh environmental conditions that differ from their surrounding landscapes. They are globally distributed, especially in old, highly weathered landscapes, and can function as habitat islands containing high levels of endemism and distinct evolutionary lineages. Despite their ecoevolutionary importance, rock outcrops remain largely overlooked in global conservation policy, ecosystem typologies, and biodiversity monitoring frameworks. Extractive activities directly remove the geological substrate that underpins these habitats, and climate change intensifies drought, heatwaves, and hydrological instability. Rising global demand for energy‐transition metals required for decarbonization is expected to further accelerate these pressures, particularly in biodiverse regions of the Global South where governance is weaker. Given that rock outcrop ecosystems are ecologically and evolutionarily significant, we devised a policy‐relevant conservation roadmap structured around prevention, mitigation, restoration, and governance issues. Priority actions include recognizing rock outcrops as unique ecosystems in global classifications and ecosystem typologies, integrating them into biodiversity monitoring frameworks, and improving the identification of key biodiversity areas and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems assessments. We call for stronger environmental impact assessments, cumulative‐impact evaluations for mining and quarrying projects, and the designation of mining and quarrying exclusion sites of high irreplaceability. Coordinated international policy, improved ecological data, and meaningful engagement with local and Indigenous communities are essential to safeguard these ancient ecosystems before further, irreversible losses occur.

Reflection from random surfaces – A Wigner function approach - Valon Blakaj; Stephen C. Creagh; Gabriele Gradoni; Gregor Tanner (Wave Motion, 2026)

Paraquat-induced rodent models of Parkinson’s disease: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis - Caroline C. Swain; Stephen Prevoznik; Julia A. Kalbus; Dipesh Pokharel; Dilshan Beligala; Paul Jain; Madhu Vishnu Sankar Reddy Rami Reddy; Claire Popovich; Jennifer Russell; Thyagarajan Subramanian (NeuroToxicology, 2026)

Bacillus subtilis endospore integrity and viability on simulated Martian regolith in rotational UVC radiation exposures - Gregory M Davis; Jonathan Horner; Andrew R Greenhill; Stephen C Marsden; Bradley D Carter (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2026)

Effect of surface properties on the adsorption of soil from a simulated reused detergent suspension - Joels Wilson-Nieuwenhuis; Jim Taylour; Stephen Lynch; Luciana C. Gomes; Kathryn A. Whitehead (Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2026)

A tale of two discourses: fossil fuel funding in UK and US university policy vs. Public debate - Camilla Ceccon; Truzaar Dordi; Jennie C. Stephens (Climatic Change, 2026)
As the climate crisis intensifies, fossil fuel industry funding of academic research faces increasing scrutiny. This research examines the complex interplay between fossil fuel funding, corporate capture, and academic integrity in higher education, uncovering how public discourse frames industry funding as a mechanism of climate obstruction and delay. Employing a comparative approach, we analyse how fossil fuel funding is addressed in institutional policies versus public discourse across the UK and US, while investigating the emerging Fossil Free Research movement and its parallels with Fossil Fuel Divestment campaigns. Our findings reveal a significant disparity between public discourse and institutional governance approaches to fossil fuel funding, highlighting the pervasive presence of climate delay discourse and disinformation within academia. We identify country-specific differences between the UK and US shaped by their distinct higher education systems, while underscoring the need for policy reforms that protect transparency, research integrity, and academic freedom. The study concludes that these mechanisms of influence transcend fossil fuel funding, revealing how corporate interests across industries - from chemical and pharmaceutical to agriculture and technology sectors - systematically shape academic research to serve the profit-seeking interests of the private sector rather than the interests of the public, particularly in climate-related fields. Thus, we emphasise the imperative for higher education institutions to adopt stronger policies protecting the integrity of climate research and its crucial role in societal decision-making and reclaiming the public mission of higher education.

Greater recalled pain and movement-evoked pain are associated with longer 400-m walk and repeat stair climb timein older adults: the study of muscle, mobility, and aging - Theresa Mau; Corey B. Simon; Haley N. Barnes; Megan Hetherington-Rauth; Scott R. Bauer; Elsa S. Strotmeyer; Nancy E. Lane; Michael C. Rowbotham; Ashley A. Weaver; Terri L. Blackwell; Yurun Cai; Nancy W. Glynn; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Urbanization impacts on stream and lake water quality in a small watershed in central Massachusetts, USA - Laura C. Reynolds; Allison L. Dunn; William J. Hansen; Meghna Dilip; Diana M. T. Sharpe; Nathan A. Ahlgren; Jacquelyn Burmeister; Caitlin Dellert; Alyssa Hammond; Stephen Humphrey; Katie Liming; Emily Maynard; et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2026)

Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegeneration - Nikhil N. Chaudhari; Owen M. Vega; Phoebe Imms; Jaron M. Kawamura; Nahian F. Chowdhury; Tamara Jafar; Andrei Irimia; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can find aging-related structural alterations above and beyond cortical thickness and atrophy. Using a novel approach to DNN interpretability, we mapped brain aging progression in 25,539 cognitively normal UK Biobank adults aged 45–83 years. Cortical aging is found to involve anatomic features becoming prominent during the 50s within frontolateral, mesolimbic, cuneal, and occipitotemporal regions. From these foci, aging-related features propagate to adjacent areas at rates peaking in the 60s. Cortical thinning and atrophy do not trend closely with neurodegeneration, but important DNN-identifiable anatomic features have spatiotemporal dynamics that match those of amyloid or tau. Our results challenge the assumption that MRI cannot map anatomic features trending with neurodegeneration. Interpretable DNNs can empower MRI to quantify anatomic aging as a process of spatial feature expansion from focal regions into nearby structures in the sequence of neurodegenerative pathology. Traditional morphometrics explain only ∼1% of variance in DNN-identifiable features, which clarifies why the former are insensitive to anatomic changes involving neurodegeneration. Our results conceptualize brain aging in the context of spatial and temporal parallels between anatomic senescence and neuropathology. These findings may help to map cognitively normal adults’ neurodegenerative anatomy even without PET measurements. Graphical Abstract

Toward fully automated urban tree inventory: Integrating mobile lidar and open-source tools - Justinn J. Jones; Sorin C. Popescu; Joshuah S. Perkin; Stephen L. Webb (Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2026)

The Micropalaeontology Collection at The Natural History Museum, London – impact, challenges and opportunities - C. Giles Miller; Stephen Stukins (Revue de Micropaléontologie, 2026)

Diversification of kangaroos and broader turnover among marsupial terrestrial herbivores coincided with emerging aridification then incipient grasslands - Clélia Gauthier; William G. Dodt; Manuela Cascini; Maria A. Nilsson; Stephen C. Donnellan; Sally Potter; Mark D.B. Eldridge; Zachary K. Stewart; Vera Weisbecker; Peter J. Prentis; Matthew J. Phillips (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2026)

Assessment of tick populations associated with capybaras in natural reserves and human-modified environments with or without invasive plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil - Matheus Pasini-Martins; Rubia Diaz Taveiros Kuhne; Carolina Moura de Oliveira; Lina C. Binder; Igor S. Silito; Adriano Pinter; Fernanda B. Passos Nunes; Thiago F. Martins; José Henrique de Hildebrand e Grisi Filho; Wayne Dawson; Philip A. Stephens; Dalva Maria da Silva Matos; et al. (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2026)
In southeastern Brazil, capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) are main hosts of the ticks Amblyomma dubitatum and Amblyomma sculptum ; the latter has great medical importance for being the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii , the agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). This study aimed to quantify ticks in areas invaded and not invaded by exotic plants ( Hedychium coronarium , Cenchrus purpureus or Megathyrsus maximus ) within capybaras’ living areas in São Paulo state. Tick populations were quantified in 24 capybara habitats, eight in natural reserves and 16 human-modified landscapes; the latter were composed of eight BSF-endemic areas and eight BSF-nonendemic areas. In the 24 areas, ticks were sampled in plots of natural forests and plots with at least one of the three invasive plants. Both presence and density of A. sculptum were higher in human-modified landscapes, while the presence and density of A. dubitatum tended to be similar among human-modified landscapes and natural reserve areas. The two tick species were collected both in areas colonized by invasive plants ( H. coronarium , M. maximus , and/or C. purpureus ) and in areas of non-invaded vegetation. However, a higher density of A. dubitatum was observed in areas of H. coronarium and a lower density of A. sculptum in this type of vegetation. Within human-modified landscapes, there was a higher density of A. sculptum in BSF-endemic areas when compared to non-endemic areas, unlike A. dubitatum , which remained at an almost constant density and presence among BSF-endemic and non-endemic areas. Plant invasions may have some role in the ecology of capybara-associated ticks.

HABS-BLOCKS© Reduced Harmful Algal Bloom Activity in an in-Lake Limno-Corral Mesocosm Case Study at Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio (USA) - Stephen J. Vesper; Haley N. Hoehn; Morgan C. Grunden; Stephen J. Jacquemin (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2026)
HABS-BLOCKS© infused with glucose have been shown to reduce cyanobacterial populations and microcystin (MC) concentrations in laboratory mesocosm studies. An in situ limno-corral (LC) mesocosm study of HABS-BLOCKS© was conducted for two weeks during the 2025 algal bloom in Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM) (Ohio, USA). Thirty HABS-BLOCKS© or Dummy HABS-BLOCKS© (contain no glucose) were added to three treated or three control LCs, respectively. Each LC holds approximately 1,000 L of lake water. After two weeks, cyanobacterial cell densities were 89% lower in treated compared to control LCs, and chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin concentrations averaged 80% and 77% lower, respectively. Initial MC concentrations averaged 41.4 µg/L, but treated LCs showed an average 89% reduction after two weeks. At the same time point, neither physical nor chemical parameters measured (except turbidity) were significantly different in the treated and control LCs. The treatment of GLSM water with HABS-BLOCKS© resulted in suppression of the Planktothrix population and decrease in MC concentrations. Further studies of HABS-BLOCKS© are needed to evaluate their applicability and safety.

A blueprint of initial LCA in Agri-food production systems: Practical recommendations for crop and livestock production systems - Indika Thushari; Asma Jebari; Alison Carswell; Thomas C. Ponsioen; Stephen Morse; Richard Murphy; Conor Walsh (Agricultural Systems, 2026)

SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Daniel J. Herrera; Camilla Price; Phuong‐Thao Nguyen‐Nu; Katrina Adamczyk; Peter D. Alexander; David Allen; Jesse M. Alston; Diego F. Alvarado‐Serrano; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.

Determinants of L-band backscatter in dry tropical ecosystems: Implications for biomass mapping - João M.B. Carreiras; Thomas Higginbottom; John L. Godlee; Sam Harrison; Lorena Benitez; Penelope J. Mograbi; Aurora Levesley; Karina Melgaço; David Milodowski; Georgia Pickavance; Geoff Wells; Edmar Almeida de Oliveira; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

Correlation of Elastic Light Scatter pattern analysis of clinical and shellfish strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from New Zealand with virulence characteristics - Xiaodong Guo; Sana Bari; Yuwei Zhang; J. Paul Robinson; Valery Patsekin; Graham C. Fletcher; Sinisa Vidovic; Andrew Gehring; James Lindsay; Stephen L.W. On (International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2026)

Trace element and stable Sr isotope evidence for seamount-driven variations in subducted sediment and carbon recycling in Central America - Alexander J. Hammerstrom; Rita Parai; Richard W. Carlson; Vlad C. Manea; Marina Manea; Stephen J. Turner (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

Isotopic constraints on volcano-tectonically controlled assimilation at Campi Flegrei, Italy - Fay M. Amstutz; Michael J. Stock; Victoria C. Smith; Roberto Isaia; David van Acken; Stefano Vitale; Jacopo Natale; J. Stephen Daly; Adrian Boyce (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Editorial March, 2026 Neuropsychology Review - Stephen C. Bowden (Neuropsychology Review, 2026)

Comparison of machine learning interpolation models for movement trajectories of desert bighorn sheep - John Paul C. Acosta; Seong Won Park; Dylan G. Stewart; E. Alejandro Lozano-Cavazos; Stephen L. Webb; Toryn L. J. Schafer (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2026)
Global positioning system (GPS) collars have revolutionized wildlife monitoring by enabling fine-scale inference of animal movement, behavior, and habitat use. However, GPS fix failures associated with terrain, canopy, or animal behavior introduce bias into downstream ecological analyses. In a study of 16 translocated desert bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis mexicana ) in Sonora, Mexico, we recorded 55,277 scheduled GPS fixes over 18 months, of which 720 (1.3%) were missing not completely at random with the highest rate of missingness during July (268 missing of 3720 scheduled or 7.20%). To interpolate missing locations, we evaluated five predictive models: linear regression (LM), random forest (RF), treed Gaussian processes (TGP), Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), and generalized additive models (GAM). Models were fit using temporally embedded covariates derived from environmental, temporal, and movement-related features. Random forest models achieved the highest accuracy on average (mean Euclidean distance = 54.6 m) across all individuals, outperforming BART (188.3 m), GAM (190.8 m), LM (190.6 m), and TGP (210.5 m). However, RF models also exhibited higher variability in predictive performance. Our results demonstrate that temporally embedded features capture complex behavioral and environmental dependencies, enabling accurate interpolation of GPS fixes. While RF models offer predictive advantages, post hoc averaging with lower-variance models (e.g., BART) may improve uncertainty quantification. These findings provide a demonstration of estimating a phenomenological interpolation model for subsequent animal movement analyses.

Melt-mediated coupled dissolution-precipitation of zircon in metagranite, Bohemian Massif - Pavla Štípská; Stephen Collett; Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark; Martin Racek; Prokop Závada; Pavlína Hasalová (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2026)
In zircon, transgressive textures cutting oscillatory zoning and associated chemical modifications are usually attributed to fluid-mediated coupled dissolution-precipitation (CDP). Here, we show an example of melt-mediated CDP in zircon from metagranite, with consequences on calculated ages and chemical composition. Zircon oscillatory zoning is commonly blurred and truncated by embayments and channels of replaced zircon with irregular and sharp boundaries. These are interpreted as replacement fronts and may be spatially associated with micro-porosity. Some superimposed replacement fronts indicate repeated CDP and porosity healing. Micro-porosity and inclusions are associated with replaced domains and thus are epigenetic. We highlight the necessity of combined high-resolution back-scattered electron imaging, otherwise the CDP textures may be overlooked in cathodoluminescence images. Inclusions of Ph–Grt–Ttn–Ap–Qz–Bt are compatible with the matrix assemblage Grt−Ph−Bt−Ttn−Kfs−Pl−Qz ± Rt ± Ilm, which equilibrated at c. 15−17 kbar, 690–740 °C with partial re-equilibration to c. 12 kbar, 680 °C. Since the conditions were above the wet solidus, the zircon changes happened through melt-mediated CDP. The replaced domains show an overall decrease of REE, Y, Th and Th/U, P, a large variation in Yb/Gd, shallower Eu anomaly, and increased U, and Hf. The chemical changes indicate a tendency of zircon purging trace elements during reequilibration with migrating melt. Spots with high LREE are probably due to the effect of micro-inclusions. Based on textures, inherited zircons are c. 540–600 Ma, protolith granite is c. 507–496 Ma, and CDP replacement occurred down to c. 335 Ma. But, the melt-mediated CDP resulted in a smear of mostly concordant, but spurious spot dates between inherited, protolith and modified domains, spanning > 200 Myr.

Sex and APOE genotype specific brain regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease - Qi Zeng; Minghui Wang; Erming Wang; Xianxiao Zhou; Peng Xu; Vahram Haroutunian; Dongming Cai; Bin Zhang; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and regional vulnerability was assessed with a composite vulnerability score (CVS) derived from associations between diffusion features and AD severity across clinical traits in each of the four sex-APOE groups (female or male, with or without APOE4). Brain parcellation with the Eve atlas revealed regions consistently affected across sex-APOE groups (e.g., parahippocampal and superior temporal gyri) and regions specific to individual groups (e.g., the cingulum in females with APOE4 and the middle frontal gyrus in males without APOE4). Gene co-expression network analysis of the matched blood expression data identified gene subnetworks linked to group-specific regional vulnerability, including a muscle tissue morphogenesis module regulated by NEURL1B and HIST1H2BN associated with middle frontal gyrus vulnerability. These findings demonstrate that sex and APOE genotype jointly shape region-specific WM vulnerability and its molecular signatures in AD. Understanding these interactions provides novel mechanistic insights and may inform precision approaches to drug development, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial design for AD.

Optical Characterization of Zea mays Pigment-Protein Complex Films for Sustainable Optoelectronic Biomaterials - Leithold Alexis Ronquillo; Van Kaizer Ibañez; Ziron John Valaquio; Aris C. Larroder; Bernice Mae Yu Jeco-Espaldon; Dan Michael Asequia; Stephen Sabinay (BioEnergy Research, 2026)

The Sedimentary geochemistry and paleoenvironments project phase 2 data release: An open data resource for the study of Earth's environmental history - Úna C. Farrell; Hunter C. Olson; Maya O. Thompson; Michelle L. Abshire; Oyeleye O. Adeboye; Anne-Sofie C. Ahm; Lewis J. Alcott; Thomas J. Algeo; Ross P. Anderson; Arif H. Ansari; Lucas Pinto Heckert Bastos; Kohen W. Bauer; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2026)

Dietary exposure to nitrate and nitrite of the Hong Kong population through a total diet study - Stephen W. C. Chung; Joey L. Y. Kwok; T. C. Chan; Waiky W. K. Wong; Gabriel Y. S. Chan; Tony C. Y. Chow; Terence Y. Y. Cheung (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2026)

A comparison of dating models for reservoir sediment records using mass accumulation, radioisotopes, and Bayesian statistics - Benjamin C. Webster; Joseph M. Smoak; Richard S. Vachula; Matthew N. Waters; Stephen W. Golladay (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2026)
Paleolimnological investigations of reservoirs (i.e. human-made lakes) are becoming more common, establishing a need to explore dating approaches for sediment records from reservoirs. Traditional dating methodologies such as Constant Rate of Supply (CRS), 137 Cs, and Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) have been utilized for sediment records from reservoirs for decades. However, with the advent of newer Bayesian approaches, such as the Bacon and Plum models, ambiguity persists for researchers when selecting a particular dating model. This study aims to quantify and compare the output differences among various dating models for the same sediment records and provide a discission-making framework based on practical constrains, rather than to validate which model is most accurate. Here we investigated the differences among age model outputs (dates and sedimentation rates) generated with CRS, MAR, Plum, and Bacon for three reservoirs in the Southeastern United States. Though they are all viable age models, their utility varies with research question, application, and financial cost. MAR and Bacon produced similar linear age models. The sedimentation rate for MAR was a static value throughout the record, while Bacon’s had more variable and significantly larger sedimentation rate than MAR for each reservoir studied. Both MAR and Bacon are more practical when there is a limited budget or less time for analysis. CRS and Plum produced similar non-linear age models, with CRS and Plum having the smallest and second smallest region of error, respectively. Similarly, CRS and Plum sedimentation rates exhibited aligned variations of sedimentation rates for two of the three sediment records analyzed. CRS and Plum dates and sedimentation rates were more similar when sediment records had a larger excess 210 Pb total inventory. We found the smallest differences among model outputs, < 5% difference based on a RMSE normalized ‘record age ratio’, when models utilized the same input data (i.e. top–bottom dates for MAR with Bacon and radioisotope for CRS with Plum). Generally, CRS and Plum would be preferred when there is ample time and funds for the lengthy radioisotope analysis and its higher costs. If there are additional known dates to incorporate into a model, we encourage the use of Plum.

Camera trapping for small mammals: the case of a non-native shrew - C. R. Sharpe; R. A. Hill; S. Y. Diggins; P. A. Stephens (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2026)
In recent decades, motion sensor camera traps have revolutionised wildlife monitoring as a cost-effective strategy requiring less time investment than traditional monitoring methods. While medium-to-large body sized mammals are captured at sufficient resolution to permit confident species identifications, small mammal species (mice, voles, and shrews) are difficult to distinguish in conventional camera trap imagery. Since camera traps represent a potential solution for overcoming spatial and temporal constraints of traditional small mammal survey methodologies (live trapping), novel designs have materialised in recent years to adjust camera traps for observing smaller animals. In this research, we further refined an existing design, the Littlewood box, and investigated the optimal bait strategy to maximise small mammal detections in the Northeast of England within the currently known range of the non-native greater white toothed shrew, Crocidura russula . We found no significant difference in the probability of detection of small mammal species by bait type, but there were greater numbers of captures of shrew species at traps baited with mealworms. We conclude that the use of bait is associated with a greater number of captures for all small mammal species observed compared to non-baited traps. Despite the cameras being deployed in the centre of the known range of C. russula in Britain, this species was present at a lower proportion of sites than native small mammals.

Micro‐Refuges or Ecological Traps: Context‐Dependent Effects of Rock Pools on Intertidal Biodiversity Across Latitudes - Louise B. Firth; Andrea Desiderato; Antony M. Knights; J. David Aguirre; Juan C. Astudillo; Juan C. Azofeifa‐Solano; David T. Bilton; Su Yin Chee; Hartvig C. Christie; Ronaldo A. Christofoletti; Amelia Curd; Katherine A. Dafforn; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Aim We investigated how local‐scale environmental heterogeneity influences biodiversity patterns across broad biogeographic gradients, using intertidal microhabitats as a model system within one of the most environmentally stressful ecosystems on Earth. Location Intertidal habitats at 26 locations (two rocky shore sites per location) across six continents, spanning 98° of latitude (38°S to 60°N). Time Period 2019–2022. Major Taxa Studied Algae, sessile and mobile invertebrates. Methods We compared biodiversity and thermal environments across contrasting microhabitats (rock pools and adjacent emergent rock) along a latitudinal gradient, sampling during environmentally ‘milder’ and ‘harsher’ periods. Biodiversity was quantified using multiple richness metrics (mean, total, unique taxa) and functional diversity. Results Microhabitat differences strongly influenced biodiversity patterns across latitude. Rock pools consistently supported higher taxonomic and functional diversity than emergent rock, irrespective of sampling period, reflecting their ability to buffer thermal extremes, particularly under harsher conditions. Mean species richness exhibited a non‐linear, s‐shaped latitudinal pattern, with lowest values near the equator and higher richness at mid‐latitudes, diverging from classical Latitudinal Diversity Gradient expectations. Biodiversity differences between microhabitats were greatest in temperate regions and diminished at low latitudes, where extreme conditions constrained diversity across habitats. Main Conclusions Local environmental heterogeneity can substantially modify, and in some cases obscure large‐scale biodiversity patterns. By mediating exposure to environmental stress, intertidal microhabitats provide insight into how fine‐scale variability interacts with latitudinal stress gradients to shape biodiversity distributions. Incorporating microhabitat variability into biogeographic frameworks is important for understanding global biodiversity patterns and predicting ecological responses to climate change.

Vulnerability of marine megafauna to global at‐sea anthropogenic threats - Michelle VanCompernolle; Juliet Morris; Hannah J. Calich; Jorge P. Rodríguez; Sarah A. Marley; Jessica R. Pearce; Briana Abrahms; Katya Abrantes; André S. Afonso; Alex Aguilar; Andrews Agyekumhene; Tomonari Akamatsu; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2026)
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threats. The threats we considered included individual fishing gear types, climate‐change‐related subthreats not previously assessed, and threats associated with coastal impacts and maritime disturbances. Our ratings resulted in 70 species having high vulnerability ( v > 0.778 out of 1) to at least 1 threat, primarily drifting longlines, temperature extremes, or fixed gear. These 3 threats were also considered to have the most severe effects (i.e., steepest population declines). Overall, temperature extremes and plastics and other solid waste were rated as affecting the largest proportion of populations. Penguins, pinnipeds, and polar bears had the highest vulnerability to temperature extremes. Bony fishes had the highest vulnerability to drifting longlines and plastics and other solid waste; pelagic cetaceans to 4 maritime disturbance threats; elasmobranchs to 5 fishing threats; and flying birds to drifting longlines and 2 maritime disturbance threats. Sirenians and turtles had the highest vulnerability to at least one threat from all 4 categories. Despite not necessarily having severe effects for most taxonomic groups, temperature extremes were rated among the top threats for all taxa except bony fishes. The vulnerability scores we provide are an important first step in estimating the risk of threats to marine megafauna. Importantly, they help differentiate scope from severity, which is key to identifying threats that should be prioritized for mitigation.

An in vitro-in silico workflow for predicting renal clearance of environmental chemicals and drugs - Courtney Sakolish; Hsing-Chieh Lin; Haley L. Moyer; Lucie C. Ford; Charles H. Christen; Barbara A. Wetmore; Michael J. DeVito; Philip Hewitt; Stephen S. Ferguson; Farah Raad; Ivan Rusyn; Weihsueh A. Chiu (Toxicology, 2026)

deadtrees.earth — An open-access and interactive database for centimeter-scale aerial imagery to uncover global tree mortality dynamics - Clemens Mosig; Janusch Vajna-Jehle; Miguel D. Mahecha; Yan Cheng; Henrik Hartmann; David Montero; Samuli Junttila; Stéphanie Horion; Mirela Beloiu Schwenke; Michael J. Koontz; Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud; Stephen Adu-Bredu; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Substantial increases in burned area in circumboreal forests from 1983 to 2020 captured by the AVHRR record and a new autoregressive burned area detection algorithm” [Remote Sensing of Environment 325(2025) 114789] - Connor W. Stephens; Anthony R. Ives; Volker C. Radeloff (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

Association between late-life air pollution exposure and medial temporal lobe atrophy in older women - Xinhui Wang; Lauren E. Salminen; Andrew J. Petkus; Ira Frahmand; Joshua Millstein; Daniel P. Beavers; Mark A. Espeland; Guray Erus; Meredith N. Braskie; Paul M. Thompson; Margaret Gatz; Helena C. Chui; et al. (NeuroToxicology, 2026)

Discovery of a new sub-solidus phase boundary of the binary nitrogen-methane mixture - Shaelyn M. Raposa; Sugata P. Tan; William M. Grundy; Gerrick E. Lindberg; Jordan K. Steckloff; Stephen C. Tegler; Jennifer Hanley; Anna E. Engle; Cecilia L. Thieberger (Icarus, 2026)

Different responses of African rice cultivars to alternate wetting and drying irrigation and anaerobic digestate application - Stephen Yeboah; Patricia Amankwaa-Yeboah; Jaime Puértolas; Francis B. Agyenim; Kirk T. Semple; Ian C. Dodd (Field Crops Research, 2026)

Hunters, hikers, ticks, and deer: Can deer management help mitigate Lyme disease? - Stephen C. Newbold; Srutakirti Mukherjee; Heidi J. Albers (Ecological Economics, 2026)

Exploiting cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity — exploring novel acceptor substrates carrying valuable ‘cargoes’ - Lenka Franková; Stephen C. Fry (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2026)

Ten questions concerning indoor dust - Erica M. Hartmann; Karen C. Dannemiller; Delphine K. Farmer; Rachel E. O'Brien; Joseph Berberich; Jenna C. Ditto; Olivia R. Farinas; Elliott T. Gall; Anindita Ganguly; Vicki H. Grassian; Rachel Greene; Bridget Hegarty; et al. (Building and Environment, 2026)

Convergence of nitrogen and carbon stoichiometry between phytoplankton and water - Wanzhu Li; Baoli Wang; Stephen C. Maberly; Cong-Qiang Liu (Science China Earth Sciences, 2026)

Electrophysiological modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission by biologically active peptides from Bothrops bilineatus (Viperidae: Crotalinae) venom - Fernanda Y. G. M. Couceiro; Francis L. Pacagnelli; Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla; Stephen Hyslop; Bruno Lomonte; Robert M. Drummond; Daniel C. Pimenta; Rafael J. Borges; Rafael S. Floriano (Archives of Toxicology, 2026)

Fatal Attraction: Light Pollution Creates an Ecological Trap for Wild Fish - Jules Schligler; Tommy Norin; Megan McBride; Fabien Morat; Shaun S. Killen; Stephen E. Swearer; Ricardo Beldade; Suzanne C. Mills (Global Change Biology, 2026)
Ecological traps, poor‐quality habitats that attract animals, significantly threaten ecosystems but have rarely been documented in marine environments. In fish, early life‐history events, such as larval settlement, play a key role in shaping individual survival, population stability, and community interactions. While evidence suggests that late‐stage fish and invertebrate larvae exhibit a phototactic response, the effects of light pollution on larval settlement and survival remain poorly understood. Here, we simulated environmental light pollution on coral reefs using artificial light to examine its impact on fish settlement and post‐settlement consequences. We found that settlement was up to eight times higher onto corals exposed to light pollution compared to those under natural conditions. However, exposure to light pollution reduced recruit survival by half, desynchronized settlement from the full moon and reduced size at settlement. We identified key mechanisms contributing to increased mortality of individuals exposed to artificial light, including disruptions in resting metabolic rhythm and higher predation (due to heightened predator attraction). Additionally, we reveal potential trait compensation in body condition and maximum metabolic rate, traits linked to fitness. However, despite these potential compensatory mechanisms, light pollution functions as a severe ecological trap for fish, attracting individuals into suboptimal environments where they experience higher mortality. This underscores the need to regulate light pollution as a critical environmental stressor.

Decadal dynamics of urban heat Islands in a coastal industrial region of india: remote sensing insights for sustainable urban planning - C Antony Zacharias Grace; John Prince Soundranayagam; Neelam Sidhu; Sahil Sharma; Ernest Amita Roy; V Stephen Pitchaimani; A Antony Alosanai Promilton (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2025)

Development of new global lake brGDGT-temperature calibrations: advances, applications, challenges, and recommendations - Emma J. Pearson; Steve Juggins; Harry Allbrook; Louise C. Foster; Dominic A. Hodgson; B. David A. Naafs; Tony Phillips; Stephen J. Roberts (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Census collection of two fossil plant localities in Jameson Land, East Greenland supports regional ecological turnover and diversity loss at the end-Triassic mass extinction - Antonietta B. Knetge; Catarina Barbosa; William J. Matthaeus; Richard S. Barclay; Ian J. Glasspool; Bernard Gomez; Stephen P. Hesselbo; Mihai E. Popa; Micha Ruhl; David Sunderlin; Finn Surlyk; Jennifer C. McElwain (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Enhanced chitosan–microfibrillated cellulose hydrogen bonding for edible packaging and food shelf-life extension - Lokesh Kumar; Stephen C. Agwuncha; Preeti Tyagi; Lokendra Pal (Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2025)

Bridging in vitro and in vivo inhalation toxicity: Volatile organic compounds elicit similar transcriptomic points of departure in human airway cells and mouse respiratory tract - Thomas W. Jackson; Jessica R. Murray; Celia M. Schacht; Paul A. Evansky; Michael E. Monsees; Joshua A. Harrill; M. Ian Gilmour; Andrew F. Johnstone; Wanda C. Williams; Rachel D. Grindstaff; Mette C. Schladweiler; Samuel A. Vance; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Enhancing carbon storage through proactively managing fire-prone coniferous mountain forests - Weichao Guo; Mohammad Safeeq; Guotao Cui; Philip C. Myint; Panmei Jiang; Han Guo; Michael L. Goulden; Kristen D. Emmett; Stephen C. Hart; Roger C. Bales (Ecological Modelling, 2025)

Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in Cognitively Healthy APOE ε4 Carriers, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Meta-analysis - Stephen L. Aita; Victor A. Del Bene; Donald L. Knapp; Claire E. Demming; Vasilios C. Ikonomou; Tyler Owen; Ivan A. Campbell; Bailey N. Wagaman; Nicholas C. Borgogna; Joshua E. Caron; Robert M. Roth; Benjamin D. Hill (Neuropsychology Review, 2025)

Factors influencing nesting tree selection by the Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) in the forest areas of Bondla Zoological Park, Goa, India - Ashish Kumar Yadav; Stephen Jonah Dias; Paresh C. Porob (Mammalian Biology, 2025)
The Indian giant squirrel ( Ratufa indica ) is a large arboreal rodent endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The present study was conducted to assess the parameters contributing to the nesting tree selection by the species in the moist deciduous forests of Bondla Zoological Park, Goa, India. We achieved our objective by modelling the presence/absence of a squirrel nest on a tree against ten variables selected through field observations and literature review. The measured variables were tree height, tree species, vegetation type, tree girth at breast height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, canopy cover, presence of climbers, presence of parasitic plants, and canopy continuity. Our analysis indicated that all measured variables influenced the selection of a nesting tree by R. indica . The results of this study can aid in the development and implementation of conservation and management policies for this species in similar habitats within and outside the confinements of protected areas of the state.

Pre-surgery gut microbial diversity and abundance are associated with post-surgery onset of cachexia in colorectal cancer patients: the ColoCare Study - Mmadili N. Ilozumba; Maria F. Gomez; Tengda Lin; Caroline Himbert; June L. Round; W. Zac Stephens; Christy A. Warby; Sheetal Hardikar; Christopher I. Li; Jane C. Figueiredo; Victoria Damerell; Gary C. Fillmore; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2025)
Background Cachexia accounts for about 20% of all cancer-related deaths and it is indicative of poor prognosis and progressive functional impairment. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of cachexia in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been established. Methods Pre-surgical stool samples from n = 103 stage I–III CRC patients in the ColoCare Study were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) to characterize fecal bacteria. We calculated estimates of alpha- and beta-diversity and a priori- and exploratory-selected bacterial relative abundance. Using Fearon criteria, cachexia onset at 6 months post-surgery was defined as > 5% weight loss over the past 6 months and/or body mass index (BMI) of < 20 kg/m 2 and weight loss of > 2%. Associations of microbial metrics with cachexia onset were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Higher alpha-diversity was positively associated with cachexia onset, with stronger associations in females, patients < 65 years, those receiving adjuvant treatment, consuming high fiber, or with energy intake outside USDA recommendations ( p < 0.05). Porphyromonas (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.26–0.89, p = 0.03) and Actinomyces (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.48–1.03, p = 0.08) were inversely associated with cachexia, although the association for Actinomyces did not reach statistical significance. Stratified analyses revealed a stronger inverse association between Porphyromonas and cachexia onset in males, patients with rectal or stage III tumors, those receiving neoadjuvant treatment, physically inactive individuals, and those consuming low fiber. However, these associations did not reach statistical significance (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10). Conclusion Higher gut microbial alpha-diversity and lower relative abundances of the genera Porphyromonas and Actinomyces in pre-surgery stool samples were associated with onset of cachexia in CRC patients six months post-surgery. This is the first study to explore a link between the gut microbiome and cachexia in CRC patients, providing novel insights into the biology of cachexia and potential clinical interventions.

Seasonal diet of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) in traditional brackish-water agroecosystems of Goa, India - Stephen Jonah Dias; Neeha Sinai Borker; Ashish Kumar Yadav; Jonathan D’Costa; Atul Sinai Borker; Paresh C. Porob (Aquatic Ecology, 2025)
The diet of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) was assessed in a representative agro-ecosystem complex called “Khazan Lands”, situated within the human-dominated estuarine landscape of the Zuari River of Goa, India. This was achieved by analyzing undigested prey remains from 815 fecal (spraint) samples. Overall, fish dominated otter diet (Percentage Biomass, BIO% = 59%; Relative Frequency of Occurrence, RFO% = 49%), followed by shrimp (BIO% = 37%; RFO% = 42%) and crabs (BIO% = 3%; RFO% = 8%). Other prey groups, including insects, molluscs, amphibians, birds, and mammals, were present in minor quantities (BIO% = 200 mm) were consumed less frequently (seasonal RFO% = 13–19%). The composition of economically significant prey (fish, shrimp, and crabs) was high (RFO% = 97%), whereas that of economically insignificant prey (molluscs, birds, amphibians, insects, and mammals) was low (RFO% = 3%). Furthermore, the occurrence of high-value fish families was marginally higher (seasonal RFO% = 50–62%) than low-value families (seasonal RFO% = 38–50%). Our observations suggest an opportunistic feeding habit by the species and a considerable overlap between resources exploited by fisherfolk and L. perspicillata. This study highlights the adaptability of this species, and the importance of Khazans for otter populations in the unprotected, human-dominated estuarine landscapes of Goa, India.

Implications of flooding events for the green‐lipped mussels ( Perna canaliculus ): an aquatic health perspective - Joanna S. Copedo; Stephen C. Webb; Norman L. C. Ragg; Andrea C. Alfaro (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2025)
Flood events are increasingly impacting coastal infrastructures and marine organisms. Prominent among these organisms, the green‐lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus , is an important marine ecosystem engineer and one of New Zealand’s key aquaculture species. Although relatively robust, the species may have limited capacity to tolerate acute environmental shocks such as exposure to riverine floodwater. As flood events become more frequent, they may present serendipitous opportunities for further research. Thirty days into a temperature and starvation co‐stressor experiment, a storm event resulted in the staff evacuation and eventual flooding of the research facility. Additional samples for histology were opportunistically collected after the flood waters receded, and the survival of the P. canaliculus was monitored for two weeks post‐event. Although no mortalities were observed post‐flood exposure, histological results indicate that the event did cause the mussels to spawn. Tissue conditions, such as haemocytosis of the gill and digestive gland atrophy, also appeared to be correlated with the flood event; however, the impact on P. canaliculus health was considered negligible. This research highlights not only the importance of targeted research in elucidating the impacts of climate‐related hazards on marine species but the importance of opportunistically incorporating these unforeseen events into the research.

The Roles of Life History and Mating System in Speciation: Genomic Evidence From the Incarvillea sinensis Complex - Wen‐Juan Lan; Stephen I. Wright; Spencer C. H. Barrett; Wei‐Ning Bai (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
The temporal sequence and mechanistic interplay between life‐history and mating‐system transitions in plants remain poorly understood. Here, we combine crossing experiments with population genomic analyses to investigate these processes in the Incarvillea sinensis complex (Bignoniaceae), which contains annual selfing and perennial outcrossing populations. Crossing experiments revealed complete post‐zygotic isolation between annuals and perennials. Genomic data derived from de novo assemblies of annual and perennial individuals, along with SNP and chloroplast sequencing of 126 individuals from 30 populations, demonstrated strong genetic divergence between life histories, with no evidence of contemporary gene flow between them. Compared to perennials, annuals exhibited significantly reduced genetic diversity, elevated differentiation and a greater number of chromosomal rearrangements—particularly translocations. Divergence time estimates indicated that annual and perennial lineages split during the early Pleistocene (ca. 2.22 Mya), whereas the shift to selfing from outcrossing within the annual lineage was a more recent event, occurring during the late Pleistocene (~0.03 Mya). These results indicate that the mating‐system shift was not the initial driver of divergence, and we infer that the life‐history transition likely occurred earlier, although its precise timing could not be directly determined. Our findings support a two‐stage model of divergence in which adaptation to seasonally arid environments first drove the evolution of annuality, initiating speciation through ecological isolation and genetic divergence. The subsequent evolution of selfing then likely further promoted reproductive isolation via both pre‐ and post‐zygotic mechanisms, potentially accelerating rapid genomic differentiation and effectively completing the speciation process.

Light and temperature as triggers for surface filamentous green algal blooms in shallow freshwater systems - Hannah R. Kemp; Alexandra Zieritz; Stephen J. Dugdale; Nico R. Helmsing; Suzanne Wiezer; Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis; Stephen C. Maberly; Martyn Kelly; Suzanne McGowan (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Blooms of filamentous green algae (FGA) form dense mats at the surface of shallow freshwaters and have multiple negative impacts on aquatic ecosystem functions, services, and aesthetics. Although nutrient enrichment in freshwaters is a primary driver of excessive FGA growth, much less is known about other abiotic factors controlling bloom growth rate, extent, and timing. We performed a series of indoor mesocosm (Limnotron) experiments to investigate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation irradiance, photoperiod, and water temperature on the growth and surface bloom formation of FGA using underwater and surface photography. The results revealed that a minimum daily light integral of ~ 13.2 mol m −2 d −1 (a combination of photosynthetically active radiation irradiance measured at the water surface and daylength) was required for bloom formation and substantial FGA growth. Surface blooms did not occur at short daylengths (i.e., 8 h), whereas a long daylength (i.e., 16 h) allowed more time for photosynthetically derived gas bubbles to accrue in the FGA masses, making them rise to the water surface through buoyancy. We also found that temperatures between 16°C and 22°C were optimal for FGA to form surface blooms. As freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by climate change, our study sheds new light on factors affecting the occurrence of surface blooms and helps identify when waterbodies may be at risk of FGA blooms in the future.

Analytical strategies for determination of chlorinated paraffins in foods: an up-to-date review - Stephen W. C. Chung (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2025)

Eight-year monitoring of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in a herd of farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon) following known pasture contamination - Nasser Alotaibi; Padraig Norton; Elvira Ramovic; Máire C. McElroy; Viktor Perets; Damien Farrell; Stephen V. Gordon; Hanne Jahns (Veterinary Microbiology, 2025)

Microbial transformation and mineral adsorption control chemical evolution of soil organic matter during semi-arid ecosystem development - Hai-Ruo Mao; Stephen C. Hart; Derek Peak; Amy M. McKenna; Mengqiang Zhu (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Analysis of source regions and transport pathways of sub-micron aerosol components in Europe - Michelle Y. Schneider; Jianhui Jiang; Ying Chen; Wenche Aas; Samira Atabakhsh; Minna Aurela; Claudio Belis; Aikaterini Bougiatioti; Michael Bressi; Francesco Canonaco; Benjamin Chazeau; Hasna Chebaicheb; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Challenges and Strategic Recommendations for Enhancing Quantification and Projection of Forest Carbon Dynamics - Holly L. Munro; Christopher W. Woodall; William R. L. Anderegg; Jeff W. Atkins; Colin M. Beier; Bronson P. Bullock; Kendall DeLyser; David D. Diaz; Bianca N.I. Eskelson; Margaret E. K. Evans; John D. Foppert; Bryan C. Foster; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2025)

The Properties of Individual Fire Events Are Essential for Understanding Global Fire Regimes - Adam L. Mahood; Ty Tuff; Megan E. Cattau; Virginia Iglesias; Thomas E. Hanson; Jilmarie Stephens; Nayani Ilangakoon; Maxwell C. Cook; R. Chelsea Nagy; David Barnard; E. Natasha Stavros; Amy DeCastro; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim As fire activity changes globally, we need to better understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of the individual events that, when aggregated, constitute fire regimes. Most global studies analyze point detections of burned area, without delineating or considering the properties of individual events. Furthermore, there is a critical need to understand fire patterns within the context of the geopolitical boundaries within which fires are managed. Location Global. Time Period 2003–2020. Major Taxa Studied Fire. Methods We divided 241 countries by Köppen‐Geiger climate classifications and quantified four event‐based fire regime metrics: size, duration, and mean and maximum growth rate; and four area‐based metrics: burned area, number of fires, season length, and season peak. We examined the correlations among fire regime components, and between each fire regime component and climate normals. We quantified temporal trends, and used mixed models to analyze how climate and landcover change were associated with event‐based components of fire regimes. Results Event‐based metrics were weakly correlated with area‐based metrics. Countries with warmer and less variable climates had high burned area, more fire events, longer season lengths and shorter event durations. Countries with high annual temperature range and low precipitation tended to have fewer events but larger fires that were faster‐spreading and occurred later in the year. The growth rate and size of individual fire events are increasing in 18% and 21% of regions we analysed, respectively. Interannual variability in size and growth rate was associated with aridity increases in boreal areas, and landcover changes in arid areas. Main Conclusions Drivers of burned area and fire seasonality are well understood but largely unrelated to the properties of individual events. A more detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal aspects of fire events at broad scales will assist fire management efforts in preparing for a warmer future.

Temporal Changes to Migratory Fuel Load in Migratory Birds Across Europe - Jennifer Anne Border; Robert A. Robinson; James W. Pearce‐Higgins; Chris M. Hewson; Christine Howard; Philip A. Stephens; Stephen G. Willis; Jan A. C. von Rönn; Pierre‐Yves Henry; Romain Lorrilliere; Lorenzo Serra; Simona Imperio; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, and migratory animals are particularly vulnerable, due partly to their reliance upon good resource availability across a network of sites at specific times. Migrants perform vital ecosystem functions, transferring significant resources across large spatial scales, but the impacts of climate change on the ability of individuals to complete these journeys are poorly studied. Collecting the large‐scale and long‐term data on the condition of individuals during migration to address this is challenging, but in migratory birds, we have a model system for which a large network of ringers (banders) collect individual data on body size and mass, enabling variation in body condition to be tracked. We used long‐term ringing data on 33 Afro–Palearctic migratory bird species at 286 sites across Europe to demonstrate a large‐scale decrease in migratory fuel loads during autumn over the last 40 years, but not in spring. Declines were strongest across southern Europe and linked to rising temperatures. The timing of autumn fuelling has also shifted, occurring earlier at northern sites and later at southern sites. These relationships varied depending on diet and breeding cycle length. Obligate insectivores were more constrained by temperature in the timing and magnitude of fuelling than frugivores. Species with short breeding cycles departed later at southern sites in warmer years, likely reflecting an extended breeding season. Altogether, these latitudinally varying findings suggest a trade‐off between maximising productivity or maximising adult survival as climate drives changing constraints on breeding season length and resource availability. Similar climate‐induced trade‐offs may be happening in other migratory taxa with the potential to influence population trends.

Association of Immunogenicity and Drug Exposure and the Importance of Target Engagement in ADA Development: A Clinical Case Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Biotherapeutics - Susan C. Irvin; Samit Ganguly; Zhiqiang Wang; Zhongqing Will He; Marguerite Alejandro; Kaitlin Donohue; Chinnasamy Elango; Chris Gallo; Stephen Guttmann; Shawn Kalicharan; Kristina Kameron; James Laird; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2025)
The administration of therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may result in the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA), but there is limited publicly available data for biotherapeutics with exogenous targets or with targets in low abundance systemically. ADAs can impact a biotherapeutic’s safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics, so evaluation of immunogenicity is required for all therapeutic proteins. This analysis sought to evaluate the immunogenicity of two mAbs against COVID-19, casirivimab (CAS) and imdevimab (IMD) administered as a cocktail (CAS + IMD), in multiple clinical trials across different participant populations to add knowledge about the immunogenicity risk of protein therapeutics against exogenous targets and the association between immunogenicity and drug exposure. Overall, the incidence of treatment-boosted and treatment-emergent ADAs and neutralizing antibodies in both disease treatment and prophylaxis settings were low (i.e., < 11%). Participants in these studies were followed for up to 225 days post-last dose. Over time, the incidence of treatment-emergent and treatment-boosted immunogenicity for each mAb increased, but the rates and titers remained low overall; when it developed, patients usually developed ADA to both mAbs. Frequency of administration, dose, and route of administration did not appear to impact rates of immunogenicity. Concentrations of CAS and IMD were similar between participants of different immunogenicity status, indicating immunogenicity of CAS and IMD had no impact on pharmacokinetics of these mAbs; there was also no observed impact on safety or efficacy. The data presented here may provide supportive information for assessing the immunogenicity risk of protein therapeutics with exogenous targets. Graphical Abstract

Twelve years of fin whale song evolution in the central North Pacific - Tyler A. Helble; Regina A. Guazzo; Peter J. Dugan; Gabriela C. Alongi; Cameron R. Martin; Stephen W. Martin; E. Elizabeth Henderson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Fin whale song consists of low frequency notes arranged in regular, repeating patterns of note type pairings and inter-note intervals (INIs). In the central North Pacific, fin whales use two downswept note types (A and B notes) with both singlet and doublet INIs that are interwoven throughout a song. These song patterns have been observed to change over time. Fin whale population size, structure, distribution, and connectedness are poorly understood, but monitoring their songs can help fill these knowledge gaps. In this study, we examine fin whale song patterns and their evolution across 12 years (2011–2023) with a focus on the most recent 5.5 years (2017–2023), expanding on our previous work. Between August 2017 and March 2023, automated detection, localization, tracking, and classification methods on 33 hydrophones at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) off Kaua ’ i, Hawai ’ i enabled a detailed analysis of song patterns produced during 331 individual fin whale encounters that contained 130,402 notes. We categorized song patterns, quantified changes over time, and calculated cue rates in these fin whale tracks, detected between late fall and early spring. Five song patterns were observed, usually interwoven throughout a song with INIs of 30 s for A-A singlets, 17/32 s for A-A doublets, 34 s for B-B singlets, 16/23 s for B-B doublets, and 15/22 s for A-B doublets. A-B doublet has remained the dominant song pattern in this region and both A-B and B-A INIs have increased over time with the two INIs getting closer in recent years. While these five INI peaks persisted across seasons, certain INI distributions contained substantial variability and new patterns were observed. Our findings emphasize the need for nuanced acoustic analyses that account for note type and INIs. This analysis highlights the complexity of fin whale song and provides a robust foundation for long-term monitoring and comparative analyses across the North Pacific with song patterns serving as indicators of connectivity between different geographic regions. Ultimately this work can be applied to help define populations and the number of individuals in an area.

Hindsight informs foresight: revisiting millennial forecasts of impacts and status of rocky shores in 2025 - Stephen J. Hawkins; Kathryn A. O'Shaughnessy; George M. Branch; Laura Airoldi; Simon Bray; Paul Brooks; Michael T. Burrows; Juan Carlos Castilla; Tasman P. Crowe; Thomas W. Davies; Louise B. Firth; Keith Hiscock; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Indoor plants produce negative air ions: a comparison across species, temperature and humidity - Luowen Lyu; Stephen Matheson; Nic C. Surawski; Peter J. Irga; Fraser R. Torpy (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Asymmetric Pacific variability in the Pliocene: An unchanged PDO relative to a suppressed ENSO - Katya V. Canal-Solis; Julia C. Tindall; Arthur M. Oldeman; Alan M. Haywood; Ayako Abe-Ouchi; Michiel L.J. Baatsen; Wing-Le Chan; Ran Feng; Stephen J. Hunter; Xiangyu Li; Christian Stepanek; Zhongshi Zhang (Global and Planetary Change, 2025)

Contributions of exceptional trees to improved management of coast redwood forests in California - Stephen C. Sillett; Russell D. Kramer; Bryan Fuentes; Allyson L. Carroll; Marie E. Antoine (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Improved allometry and heartwood development of Sequoia sempervirens in secondary forests - Stephen C. Sillett; Alana R. Chin; Allyson L. Carroll; Mark E. Graham; Marie E. Antoine (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Management of a restored wetland: challenges and lessons associated with the nutrient reduction potential of Beaver Creek Wetland in Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed - Morgan C. Grunden; Haley N. Hoehn; Theresa A. Dirksen; Stephen J. Jacquemin (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2025)
Wetlands are becoming increasingly used as tools to help watersheds mitigate nutrient runoff as part of efforts to reduce the frequency of harmful algal blooms. Wetland restoration is needed given that the majority of these habitats have been lost to development/draining efforts on a global scale over the past few centuries. The objective of this study was to monitor nutrient reductions achieved with the restored (constructed in 2017) Beaver Creek Wetlands in the Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed (Ohio) as a result of active management incorporating communication and data driven decision making among collaborators as part of efforts to curtail runoff. A hydrologic budget was created by collecting flow measurements coupled with water samples collected weekly from 2018–2024 at the Stream Inflow and Wetland Outflow that were then analyzed for nutrients (SRP, TP, NO 3 -N) and sediment (TSS). As a result of active management, the wetland was able to capture approximately 1.2% (108 million m 3 ) of the total Beaver Creek flows over the monitoring period and reduce the total SRP, TP, NO 3 -N, and TSS loads of captured water by 78.4%, 78.1%, 95.7%, and 87.5%, respectively. Nutrients were removed at an average rate of 2.2, 3.8, 135, and 416 g/m 2 /yr for SRP, TP, NO 3 -N, and TSS, respectively, while only occupying a 0.23% footprint in the subwatershed. Despite these successes, however, GLSM remains hypereutrophic largely resultant of still untreated tributary loading flowing into the lake–thus, this study reinforces the importance of continued wetland restoration and management for meeting overarching nutrient reduction goals.

Correction to: Incremental efficacy systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression RCTs - Nicholas C. Borgogna; Tyler Owen; Dan Petrovitch; Jacob Vaughn; David A. L. Johnson; Louis A. Pagano; Stephen L. Aita; Benjamin D. Hill (Psychopharmacology, 2025)

Incremental efficacy systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression RCTs - Nicholas C. Borgogna; Tyler Owen; Dan Petrovitch; Jacob Vaughn; David A. L. Johnson; Louis A. Pagano; Stephen L. Aita; Benjamin D. Hill (Psychopharmacology, 2025)
Rationale Psilocybin is a potentially paradigm-shifting depression intervention. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objectives Systematically assess harm reporting, risk of bias, action mechanism specification, and incremental therapeutic effect sizes in the psilocybin-for-depression RCT literature. Methods Assessed databases included PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Search terms “Psilocybin” or “Psychedelic” were paired with “Depression”, and "Randomized Controlled Trial" or “RCT”. Results We identified k = 9 RCTs ( k = 10 subgroups) involving n = 602 participants (56% psilocybin). Five studies had low/very low harm quality reporting, opposed to two with high. Most studies demonstrated a high risk of bias. Therapeutic mechanisms of action (MoAs) were discussed in varying detail but rarely assessed in original publications. Psilocybin was moderately superior to controls at reducing depression ( g = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.98). Effects were heterogenous (τ = .47). Smaller studies evidenced stronger effects that favored psilocybin (Egger’s b 0 = 3.63, p = .014). Almost all studies documented financial conflicts of interests. Conclusion Psilocybin demonstrates significant depression reduction relative to controls. However, researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders should consider several contextual factors. Effects were moderate and attenuated in larger and better-controlled studies. Harms reporting and risk of bias was high, though partly driven by unique challenges of psilocybin research. MoAs were variably specified but rarely assessed; suggesting it is unclear how depression is reduced. We advise researchers conduct RCTs with active control conditions, larger samples, and include MoA assessments. Independent RCTs from researchers without financial conflicts of interest are needed.

Investigating active parental care in egg-bearing Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus with varying nemertean egg predator Carcinonemertes conanobrieni intensities - Natalie C. Stephens; Donald C. Behringer; Rose Porter; Alyssa M. Baker; J. Antonio Baeza (Marine Biology, 2025)

Population dynamics of the endangered salt creek tiger beetle Ellipsoptera nevadica lincolniana (Casey, 1916) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are sensitive to temperature and precipitation during the egg stage - Andrew C. Merwin; Carrie E. Davis Todd; Shaun M. Dunn; Stephen M. Spomer (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2025)
Despite ongoing conservation efforts, populations of the Salt Creek tiger beetle ( Ellipsoptera nevadica lincolniana ) remain critically low. Using a 30-year dataset of adult counts and historical climatic and creek water flow records, we investigated which, if any, Salt Creek tiger beetle life stages are sensitive to means and extremes in temperature, precipitation, and creek flow. Our analyses revealed that eggs are particularly vulnerable to climatic conditions, with higher temperatures and lower precipitation negatively impacting population growth. These findings suggest that hotter and drier conditions may be limiting oviposition and egg survival and they highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies, including habitat manipulation to maintain soil moisture and strategic timing of supplemental releases. Implications for insect conservation We identify previously unknown limitations to Salt Creek tiger beetle population growth rates: higher temperatures and lower precipitation in June negatively affect egg hatch and/or egg laying behavior. We provide analyses that are critical for determining the optimal timing and locations for releasing lab-reared individuals to support this species’ recovery. In addition, these analyses will be used to plan new saline wetland restorations and modify existing habitat management activities to benefit Salt Creek tiger beetle survival and reproduction.

Local delivery of an adenosine receptor agonist reduces inflammation associated with contact hypersensitivity - Elizabeth R. Bentley; Stacia Subick; Jake Doran; Julie Kobyra; Stephen C. Balmert; Steven R. Little (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2025)

Population genomics of rainforest mountain frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Philoria) severely impacted by the Australian megafires - Shengyao Lin; David Newell; Nicola J. Mitchell; Stephen C. Donnellan; Michael Mahony; Liam J. Bolitho; Renee A. Catullo (Conservation Genetics, 2025)
The 2019/20 Australian megafires impacted numerous species, including six of the seven montane frog species from the genus Philoria , which are restricted to the top of mountain habitats across eastern Australian Gondwana Rainforest. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we examined the population structure and genetic diversity of the six Philoria species to inform conservation management and assess their capacity for post-fire recovery. Narrow-range species were confirmed as a single population for management purposes, while P. kundagungan , P. loveridgei , and P. sphagnicolus exhibit marked genetic differentiation between populations, indicating strong allopatric differentiation among populations isolated on separate mountaintops, suggesting limited natural dispersal ability. We further identify high-value genetic populations in these structured species. Populations that were heavily impacted by the fires, such as P. pughi and P. knowlesi , may face longer-term threats due to potential declines in adaptive capacity. We recommend prioritising in situ management, genetic rescue, and translocation efforts to bolster resilience in isolated populations. Updated conservation planning and targeted fire buffer management are crucial for the survival of these ancient, regionally endemic frogs in a rapidly changing climate.

Nutrients on the move: Investigating large scale fatty acid exports from European ponds via emerging insects - Lena Fehlinger; Fernando Chaguaceda; Pietro Tirozzi; Marina Tomás‐Martín; Ellinor Jakobsson; Teofana Chonova; Benjamin Misteli; Alberto Scotti; Jorge F. Henriques; Juan Rubio‐Ríos; Daniel Morant; Pierre Marle; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Permanent ponds are key landscape units that supply various ecosystem services. Notably, the export of aquatic subsidies to land via emerging insects may significantly influence terrestrial food webs. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which enhance consumer fitness, are among the essential exported components. The patterns and drivers of dietary exports from ponds via insects remain poorly known, particularly at continental scales. We analyzed the exports of biomass, lipid, and fatty acid contents from emerging insects, sampled in 36 ponds across 11 European countries, from 36°N to 59°N and from 26°W to 19°E, over four seasons. We found that biomass and fatty acid exports decreased with increasing latitude and were higher in spring and summer. Seasonal effects also increased with higher latitudes. Temperature was the most important predictor of insect biomass, explaining 27.6% of the total variation and showing an unimodal response. Thus, increasing temperature may promote exports in colder regions and seasons but may negatively influence biomass exports in already warm regions. The exports of total lipids, PUFA, and eicosapentaenoic acid were correlated to exported biomass, while those of docosahexaenoic acid were linked to the emergence of Chaoboridae. Our findings indicated that PUFA contents were affected by taxonomic insect community composition and pond trophic state (indicated by chlorophyll a ). Two of the correlates identified here (temperature and trophic state) are influenced by anthropogenic activity via climate and land use change, respectively. Thus, human activity impacts the food webs in and around ponds by influencing the quantity and quality of nutritional exports.

Fossilisation of Fish Soft Tissue in Oxidative Microniches of Anoxic Sediments - Amy L. Elson; Lorenz Schwark; Paul F. Greenwood; Madison Tripp; Alex I. Holman; Michael E. Böttcher; Peter Hopper; Robert H. C. Madden; Luke M. Brosnan; Jessica H. Whiteside; Stephen F. Poropat; Lance Grande; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2025)
Organic analyses of past organisms enhance our understanding of Earth's evolutionary history, complementing the macrofossil record. Biomolecular remains are typically vulnerable to diagenetic mineralisation, but can persist in exceptional depositional settings such as Lagerstätten. Their preservation is usually linked to anoxic conditions that exclude aerobic degraders. However, we report intact skin tissue of the fossil fish Diplomystus dentatus from the Fossil Basin Lagerstätte (USA), preserved through phosphate permineralisation in an oxygen‐enriched microenvironment. Notably, only the skin with scales retained tissue integrity, and this organic material was closely associated with fluorapatite absent from the surrounding matrix. Geochemical analyses revealed higher oxidation states in the skin than in vertebrae and bones, likely due to early degradation of the fatty acid‐rich dermis. Redox‐sensitive biomarkers and isotopic data (δ 15 N) indicated a less reducing environment in the skin region compared to bones and the eye, yet more reducing than the surrounding sediment. This localised oxygen enrichment fostered sulphide‐oxidising bacteria, evidenced by mineral sulphates (barite) found only in the skin. Phosphatisation was likely driven by dermal breakdown and the release of H+, reducing alkalinity and enabling phosphate mineralisation over the carbonate system.

Clarifying the so‐called gull problem in the Gulf of Maine: Response to Taylor et al. (2024) - Antony W. Diamond; Linda Welch; Donald E. Lyons; Lauren C. Scopel; Brian Benedict; Heather L. Major; Stephen W. Kress; Stephanie Koch; Ian C. T. Nisbet (Conservation Biology, 2025)

Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging - Jose G. Godoy-Lugo; Khristina E. Young; Prerana Vaddi; Yvann Batamack; Jolaiya Aldridge; Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim; Diana C. Albarado; Susan J. Burke; Jacqueline M. Stephens; Christopher D. Morrison; Cristal M. Hill (GeroScience, 2025)
Cellular senescence and metabolic impairment occur during aging, with adipose tissue decline playing a key role in this process. Furthermore, the detriments of aging on adipose tissue function are further exacerbated by obesity. Dietary protein restriction (DPR), without reducing calorie intake, protects against age-related metabolic decline and extends lifespan through the metabolic hormone FGF21. Here, we demonstrate that protein restriction significantly decreases pro-oncogenic and senescence-related markers in adipose tissue, including SASP, Cdkn1a Cdkn1a , and SA-βgal staining. Additionally, mice fed a low-protein diet during diet-induced obesity demonstrated significant decreases in tumorigenic and cell cycle markers compared with mice fed a control protein and high-fat diet, suggesting that a low-protein diet decreases the burden of cellular senescence on adipose tissue in aged mice and aged obese mice. Conversely, mice lacking FGF21 failed to exhibit the benefits of protein restriction on markers of senescence in white and brown adipose tissue. These data demonstrate that protein restriction exerts distinct beneficial effects on white and brown adipose tissue remodeling on senescence and other markers associated with improvements in lifespan and particularly health span. Given the negative impact of cellular senescence on adipose tissue, protein restriction offers a potential dietary intervention to prevent the detriments of cellular senescence on adipose tissue function during obesity and aging.

Surface-based morphometry reveals divergent aging trajectories in veterans with and without traumatic brain injury - Michelle C. Eliason; Amrutha Bindu Nagella; Cristian Cuadra; David S. Wack; Ghazala T. Saleem; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowki; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

A review of the emerging technologies and systems to mitigate food fraud in supply chains - Indika Fernando; Jiangang Fei; Stephen Cahoon; Dugald C. Close (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2025)

Advancement in methodology for the estimation of dietary exposure to chemical substances of the second Hong Kong total diet study - Stephen W. C. Chung; Waiky W. K. Wong; Joey L. Y. Kwok (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2025)

Reduced farming density of New Zealand flat oyster Ostrea chilensis is associated with decreased infection by Bonamia ostreae and other parasites - Zoë Hilton; Anne Rolton; Farhana Muznebin; Stephen C. Webb; Andrew Fidler; Andrew Elliot; Javier Atalah; Andrea C. Alfaro; Kate S. Hutson (Aquaculture, 2025)

Nitrogen fixation in Pampinifervens, a new species-rich genus of Aquificaceae that inhabits a wide pH range in terrestrial hot springs - Marike Palmer; Nancy O. Nou; Lara A. Turello; Carolyn E. Power; John C. Ong; Jonathan K. Covington; Dengxun Lai; Xavier Mayali; Anna-Louise Reysenbach; Yan-Ling Qi; Jeremy A. Dodsworth; Jian-Yu Jiao; et al. (Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2025)

Secular compositional changes in granitoids and felsic volcanics: the tectonic setting control - Kent C. Condie; Stephen J. Puetz; Christopher J. Spencer; Nick M.W. Roberts (Chemical Geology, 2025)

Habitat Conversion by Native Spartina Highlights the Importance of Wetland Restoration Design Relative to Site-Specific Vertical Range of Vegetation - Rachel S. Smith; Emily Blair; Andres Deza; Justin C. Hoesterey; David Huang; Russell Johnston; Henry M. Page; Stephen C. Schroeter; Morgan Tusa; Denise Weisman; Kathryn M. Beheshti (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
Native vegetation is planted in wetland restoration projects to supplement natural recruitment and achieve a habitat mix that supports ecological functioning. The native cordgrass Spartina foliosa —an ecosystem engineer with a wide elevation range—is frequently planted in wetland restorations in Southern California to jumpstart low marsh development. Although plantings can increase vegetation cover, planted S. foliosa can also convert areas designed as tidal creeks or mudflat to salt marsh, hindering progress towards restoration objectives. At the restored San Dieguito Wetlands (SDW) in Southern California , S. foliosa was planted during (2008–2009) and after wetland construction (2011–2018). In 2023, S. foliosa occupied 10.8 ha at SDW, but had converted 42% of built tidal creek and mudflat habitat to salt marsh. Genetic testing ruled out potential hybridization with non-native Spartina . Tidal creek elevations were higher at SDW than at other California wetlands, overlapping with the design elevation of low marsh for the site. Spartina foliosa extended to lower elevations at SDW than other California wetlands, overlapping with the design elevation of mudflat for the site. Thus, habitat conversion at SDW was likely due to insufficient excavation of built tidal creeks and the lower than expected elevation range of S. foliosa at the site. Much of the existing tidal creek and mudflat habitat at SDW is likely susceptible to habitat conversion to salt marsh. Our results emphasize the need to consider the design elevation of restored habitats relative to site-specific elevation ranges of target wetland species.

Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites - David E Reed; Housen Chu; Brad G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; Brian Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; M. Altaf Arain; Paulo Arruda; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Carl Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2025)

Establishment, current status and possible origin of the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula in Great Britain - Graham C. Smith; Ian F. Bond; Terry Coult; Dan Henderson; Courtney Graham; Emma Brand; Allan D. McDevitt; Philip A. Stephens; Sophie Webb; Matt Larsen-Daw (Biological Invasions, 2025)
Great Britain has three native shrews, while the greater white-toothed shrew (GWT: Crocidura russula ) is native to the European continent and some Channel islands. The GWT shrew was first reported in northern England in 2022. We detail its immediate investigation through national authorities, non-government bodies and individuals. Sixteen GWT were among 595 small mammals live-trapped. Barn owl pellet analysis revealed 56 GWT skulls in two areas. Genetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene suggests these population were derived from one or more continental European introductions, but not from the nearby island of Ireland where this non-native species has been present since at least 2007. The overall government response from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and Natural England concluded that the species is too widespread to have any reasonable chance of eradication, but there remain ongoing efforts to determine the extent of invasion and its effect on native species.

The Mechanisms Through Which Fire Drives Population Change in Terrestrial Biota - Ella Plumanns‐Pouton; Julianna L. Santos; Cristina Aponte; Lluís Brotons; Luke T. Kelly; Stephen C. Mason; Kirsten Parris; Lauren Ponisio; David A. Keith (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Global fire regime change is threatening terrestrial biodiversity. Understanding how these changes affect biota is essential to protect biodiversity now and into the future. A targeted examination of the mechanisms through which fire influences populations will help achieve this by enabling comparisons and connections across taxa. Here, we develop a cross‐taxa framework that identifies mechanisms through which fire regimes influence terrestrial species populations over different time scales, and traits on which those mechanisms depend. We focus on amphibians, birds, fungi, insects, mammals, plants, and reptiles. First, we identify key mechanisms through which fire regimes influence species populations across different taxonomic groups. Second, we link these mechanisms to functional traits that influence the relevance to different species. Third, we identify traits that shape the vulnerability—or conversely, resilience—of species populations to frequent, high‐intensity, and large wildfires that are emerging as a threat in many parts of the world. Finally, we highlight how this integrative framework can be useful for understanding and identifying fire‐related threats common to different taxa across the globe and for guiding future research on fire‐related population change.

Hidden decay of live trees in a tropical rain forest - Gregory S. Gilbert; Brant C. Faircloth; Travis C. Glenn; Javier O. Ballesteros; César A. Barrios‐Rodríguez; Ernesto Bonadies; Marjorie L. Cedeño‐Sánchez; Nohely J. Fossatti‐Caballero; José Moisés Pérez‐Suñiga; Mariam M. Trejos‐Rodríguez; Stephen P. Hubbell (Ecology, 2025)
The trunks of forest trees store massive amounts of carbon, but fungi actively and invisibly decay wood inside even seemingly healthy trees. Wood‐decay fungi are responsible for the loss of stored carbon in living trees, and they make trees susceptible to snapping and uprooting in storms. We used sonic tomography to measure the prevalence and severity of decay in 1744 live trees (≥20 cm diameter) of 171 species on the 50‐ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. A median of 20% decay. Twenty percent of the combined basal area showed decay, representing a loss of approximately 1% of aboveground biomass. Larger trees more often showed internal decay, with one quarter of trees showing decay before reaching canopy height. Decay severity varied by species; 23% of species showed

Twin differences in lateral ventricle size accompany twin differences in phonological decoding - Mark A. Eckert; Kenneth I. Vaden; Emma C. Bartley; Stephen A. Petrill (Brain Structure and Function, 2025)

Late Paleozoic coastal plain paleosols: Geochemical insights into soil genesis, provenance, and paleoclimate within paleoequatorial Pangea, Paradox Basin, USA - Stephanie J. White; Gary E. Stinchcomb; Stacy C. Atchley; Stephen I. Dworkin (Sedimentary Geology, 2025)

Substantial increases in burned area in circumboreal forests from 1983 to 2020 captured by the AVHRR record and a new autoregressive burned area detection algorithm - Connor W. Stephens; Anthony R. Ives; Volker C. Radeloff (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2025)

Balancing practicality and aspiration: A comparative analysis of sustainable holistic planning system toolkit designs - Anne E. Mosher; Stephen Bird; Santosh K. Mahapatra; Susan E. Powers; Joseph D. Skufca; Erik C. Backus (Landscape and Urban Planning, 2025)

Effect of fluorescence in situ hybridization detection threshold on chromosome aberration counting: a simulation study - Floriane Poignant; Janice L. Huff; Stephen R. Kunkel; Ianik Plante; Tony C. Slaba (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2025)

Heat-set gelation of milk- and fermentation-derived β-lactoglobulin variants - Zheng Pan; Remco Kornet; Sheelagh Hewitt; Alan Welman; Jeremy P. Hill; Marcel Wubbolts; Stephen Mitchell; Warren C. McNabb; Aiqian Ye; Alejandra Acevedo-Fani; Skelte G. Anema (Food Hydrocolloids, 2025)

Half of the habitat of Australia's highly imperilled narrow-range species is outside protected areas - Michelle Ward; Martine Maron; Jeremy S. Simmonds; Mark Lintermans; Nick S. Whiterod; David G. Chapple; Hugh P. Possingham; Sarah M. Legge; Rachael V. Gallagher; Brendan A. Wintle; Samantha Vine; Kita Ashman; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

A Comparison of the Biotechnological Potential of Marine and Terrestrial Species of Two Orders of Sordariomycete Fungi - Raquel Ledo Doval; Astrid Müller; Daren W. Brown; Derek Johnson; C. Alisha Quandt; Kerrie Barry; Alicia Clum; Hope Hundley; Kurt LaButti; Anna Lipzen; Stephen J. Mondo; Robin A. Ohm; et al. (Marine Biotechnology, 2025)

AviList: a unified global bird checklist - Frank E. Rheindt; Paul F. Donald; David B. Donsker; Jeffrey A. Gerbracht; Marshall J. Iliff; Denis Lepage; Janette A. Norman; Pamela C. Rasmussen; Richard Schodde; Thomas S. Schulenberg; Juan I. Areta; Frederik P. Brammer; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)

Forest Age Rivals Climate to Explain Reproductive Allocation Patterns in Forest Ecosystems Globally - Rachel E. Ward; Huanyuan Zhang‐Zheng; Kate Abernethy; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Luzmilla Arroyo; Andrew Bailey; Jos Barlow; Erika Berenguer; Liana Chesini‐Rossi; Percival Cho; Cecilia A. L. Dahlsjö; Eder Carvalho das Neves; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Forest allocation of net primary productivity (NPP) to reproduction (carbon required for flowers, fruits, and seeds) is poorly quantified globally, despite its critical role in forest regeneration and a well‐supported trade‐off with allocation to growth. Here, we present the first global synthesis of a biometric proxy for forest reproductive allocation (RA) across environmental and stand age gradients from a compiled dataset of 824 observations across 393 sites. We find that ecosystem‐scale RA increases ~60% from boreal to tropical forests. Climate shows important non‐linear relationships with RA, but is not the sole predictor. Forest age effects are comparable to climate in magnitude (MAT: ß = 0.24, p = 0.021; old growth forest: ß = 0.22, p p = 0.001; soil N: ß = −0.07, p = 0.001). These results provide strong evidence that ecosystem‐scale RA is mediated by climate, forest age, and soil conditions, and is not a globally fixed fraction of positive NPP as assumed by most vegetation and ecosystem models. Our dataset and findings can be used by modellers to improve predictions of forest regeneration and carbon cycling.

Turning riprap into reefs: Integrating oyster shells into shoreline armouring - Thea E. Bradford; Chi C. Lo; Juan Carlos Astudillo; Rainbow W.S. Leung; Charlene Lai; Jay J. Minuti; Carmen K.M. Wong; Stephen J. Hawkins; Rebecca L. Morris; Kenneth Mei Yee Leung (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Practical global sampling methods for estimating area and map accuracy of land cover and change - Alexandra Tyukavina; Stephen V. Stehman; Amy H. Pickens; Peter Potapov; Matthew C. Hansen (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2025)

A unique Equisetum enzyme, hetero-trans-β-glucanase (HTG), enhances industrially and environmentally important cellulose-rich materials - Lenka Franková; Eric Whale; David Hepworth; Stephen C. Fry (Environmental Research, 2025)

Reassessing the photochemical contribution to Archean Banded Iron Formations - Pilar C. Vergeli; Stephen J. Romaniello; Hilairy E. Hartnett; Ariel D. Anbar (Chemical Geology, 2025)

Correction to: Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site - J. Benjamin Stratton; Stephen C. Richter (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2025)

The Response and Recovery of Carbon and Water Fluxes in Australian Ecosystems Exposed to Severe Drought - C. Stephens; B. Medlyn; L. Williams; J. Knauer; A. Inbar; E. Pendall; S. K. Arndt; J. Beringer; C. M. Ewenz; N. Hinko‐Najera; L. B. Hutley; P. Isaac; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Climate change‐driven increases in drought risk pose a critical threat to global carbon and water cycles. However, ecosystem‐scale responses remain poorly quantified, particularly for severe, multiyear drought events. We addressed this gap by examining ecosystem‐scale carbon and water flux sensitivity to the extreme 2018–19 drought in Australia using data from 14 eddy covariance flux sites. The ecosystems span grasslands and semi‐arid woodlands to tropical and temperate forests. The driest sites (classed as “grass” and “very dry”) experienced drastic productivity impacts, with a 65% decrease in Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) over 2 years relative to the pre‐drought average. However, fluxes in “dry,” “seasonally wet” and “wet” ecosystems showed remarkable resistance, with no overall change in GPP. All sites recovered rapidly; carbon fluxes in the first post‐drought year matched (and generally exceeded) those of a climatically similar pre‐drought year. Drought responses were strongly mediated by ecosystem‐specific strategies. The driest ecosystems showed direct coupling of productivity to water availability, while intermediate ecosystems (dry and seasonally wet) leveraged stored soil water to maintain evapotranspiration and productivity under drought. At these sites, water was conserved over wet periods (evapotranspiration rainfall). This mechanism mitigating periodic water stress under high rainfall variability likely contributed to the notable drought resistance of the dry and seasonally wet sites. The monthly water deficit index (MWDI) emerged as a robust predictor of productivity across space, highlighting that short‐term water availability deficits strongly influence overall ecosystem composition. Analysis of drought response mechanisms suggested rapid leaf loss under water stress, particularly at the driest sites. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for sub‐surface water storage and diverse drought response strategies in vegetation models. We provide critical benchmarks for improving parameterization of plant‐water relations, aiding efforts to inform climate‐robust management strategies.

Comprehensive Characterisation of the RFC1 Repeat in an Australian Cohort - Kayli C. Davies; Haloom Rafehi; Liam G. Fearnley; Penny Snell; Greta Gillies; Tess A. Field; Gábor M. Halmágyi; Kishore R. Kumar; Kate Pope; Renee Smyth; Susan E. Tomlinson; Stephen Tisch; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2025)

ESG mapping of the Australian mining sector – The state of play on mobilising spatial datasets for decision making - Eléonore Lèbre; Karol Czarnota; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Marcus Haynes; Natasha Ufer; Laura J. Sonter; Rachakonda Sreekar; Pascal Bolz; Nevenka Bulovic; Claire Côte; Nadja C. Kunz; Steven Micklethwaite; et al. (Resources Policy, 2025)

Cross-scale patterns of structure and maximum biomass in late-seral Douglas-fir-dominated rainforests - Russell D. Kramer; Stephen C. Sillett; Sean M.A. Jeronimo; Mark E. Graham; Miles E. LeFevre; Allyson L. Carroll; Robert Van Pelt (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Investigation regarding the physiological effects of cobalt on physiological functions in Drosophila, crayfish, and crab: Behavioral, cardiac, neural, and synaptic properties - Jaycie E. Gard; Kaitlyn E. Brock; Elizabeth R. Elliott; Alaina C. Taul; Jeremy Nadolski; Jiwoo Kim; Shelby McCubbin; Jordon Hecht; Remy Ronen; Sonya M. Bierbower; Jayden P. Alcorn; Nikitha Dharanipragada; et al. (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2025)

Novel behavioral responses of sea turtles to gillnet fishing gear - Janie L. Reavis; Blair E. Witherington; Michael J. Bresette; Kinley Ragan; John H. Wang; Stephen C. Pratt; H. Seckin Demir; Jennifer Blain; Sule Ozev; Dale F. DeNardo; Jesse F. Senko (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Genome-wide association analysis identifies seven loci conferring resistance to multiple wheat foliar diseases, including brown and yellow rust resistance originating from Aegilops ventricosa - Keith A. Gardner; Bethany Love; Pauline Bansept-Basler; Tobias Barber; Simon Berry; Nick Bird; Finn Borum; Lesley Boyd; James K. M. Brown; Ruth Bryant; Paul Fenwick; David Feuerhelm; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025)
We assembled a European bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) association mapping panel ( n = 480) genotyped using a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism array, with the aim of identifying genetic loci controlling resistance to four fungal diseases: yellow (stripe) rust (YR), brown (leaf) rust (BR), Septoria tritici blotch (ST) and powdery mildew (PM). Simulations showed our panel to have good power to detect genetic loci, with > 50% probability of identifying loci controlling as little as 5% of the variance when heritability was 0.6 or more. Using disease infection data collected across 31 trials undertaken in five European countries, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 34 replicated genetic loci (20 for YR, 12 for BR, two for PM, 0 for ST), with seven loci associated with resistance to two or more diseases. Construction and analysis of eight bi-parental populations enabled two selected genetic loci, yellow rust resistance locus YR_2A010 (chromosome 2A) and YR_6A610 (6A), to be independently cross-validated, along with the development of genetic markers to track resistance alleles at these loci. Notably, the chromosome 2A yellow and brown rust resistance locus corresponds to the 2N v S introgression from the wild wheat species, Aegilops ventricosa . We found evidence of strong selection for 2N v S over recent breeding history, being present in 48% of the most recent cultivars in our panel. Collectively, we define the genetic architectures controlling resistance to major fungal diseases of wheat under European field environments, and provide resources to exploit these for the development of new wheat cultivars with improved disease resistance.

Socio-economic impacts and responses of the fishing industry and fishery managers to changes in small pelagic fish distribution and abundance - Felipe J. Quezada-Escalona; Desiree Tommasi; Isaac C. Kaplan; Pierre-Yves Hernvann; Timothy H. Frawley; Dorleta Garcia; Leire Ibaibarriaga; Sonia Sánchez-Maroño; Carryn de Moor; Jennifer Beckensteiner; Amy M. Schueller; Diana Feijó; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2025)
Small Pelagic Fish (SPF) exhibit large fluctuations in abundance and distribution in response to environmental variability. To maintain the resilience of fishing communities and develop effective and equitable climate adaptation strategies, improved understanding of how the fishing industry responds to spatio-temporal shifts within and across SPF populations is of critical importance. In this paper, we examine the responses of the fishing industry and resource managers to shifts in SPF availability worldwide and identify the resulting socioeconomic impacts. Leveraging SPF case studies from around the globe, we synthesize and compare the social-ecological linkages and feedbacks mediating how SPF fisheries respond to changes in marine ecosystem structure and function associated with (1) spatial shifts in species distribution and habitat availability, (2) ‘boom and bust’ population dynamics, or (3) changes in fish size and quality. Our case studies illustrate multiple paths towards the resilience of small pelagic fisheries and the fishing industry dependent upon them while emphasizing the need for increased coordination and cooperation across sectors and scales as climate change progresses. Drawing from the lessons offered by historical responses, as environmental variability increases, efforts to increase the flexibility and dynamism of SPF harvest portfolios and management strategies, licensing regimes, and international catch and allocation agreements may be required to ensure resource sustainability and human well-being.

Embracing social-ecological system complexity to promote climate-ready fisheries - Chris J. Harvey; Patricia M. Clay; Rebecca Selden; Stephanie K. Moore; Kelly S. Andrews; Yvonne L. deReynier; Anne H. Beaudreau; Owen R. Liu; Karma C. Norman; Jameal F. Samhouri; Lyall Bellquist; Merrick Burden; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2025)

Genetically Proxied Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibition and Risk of Dementia: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Study - Stephen O. Brennan; Alexander C. Tinworth (Molecular Neurobiology, 2025)
Phosphodiesterase−5 (PDE5) inhibitors have gained interest as a potential treatment for dementia. However, current evidence is limited to observational and pre-clinical studies. We conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the on-target effects of pharmacological PDE5 inhibition on dementia subtypes and related phenotypes. We selected variants from around the PDE5A locus associated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure, as well as circulating PDE5A levels, to create three instruments for genetically proxied PDE5A inhibition. Using two-sample MR, we validated the instruments against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension before assessing their associations with dementia subtypes, dementia-related proteins, and neuroimaging traits. After correcting for multiple comparisons, genetically proxied PDE5 inhibition, per one SD lower in diastolic blood pressure, was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.11) and Lewy body dementia (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.41), but a trend towards lower odds of vascular dementia across all instruments. Genetically proxied PDE5 inhibition was associated with both beneficial and adverse effects on brain MRI traits. This included lower volumes of white matter hyperintensities (SD change − 0.035, 95% CI − 0.025, − 0.045), indicating potential benefits, but also reduced volumes of other structures, including the thalamus, suggesting potential adverse effects. PDE5 inhibition was associated with the concentrations of several proteins implicated in dementia pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that while PDE5 inhibition may be associated with a lower risk of vascular dementia, possibly by preventing white matter hyperintensities, it may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia, warranting further investigation before clinical trials.

The Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale in the Spinocerebellar Ataxias - Anna L. Burt; Maureen P. Daly; Janet C. Sherman; Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Susan L. Perlman; Liana S. Rosenthal; Sheng-Han Kuo; Tetsuo Ashizawa; Theresa Zesiewicz; Cameron Dietiker; Puneet Opal; Antoine Duquette; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2025)

Quantifying removal and mineralization of nitrotriazolone in contrasting freshwater sediment systems using 13C and 15N stable isotope tracers - Thivanka Ariyarathna; Stephen Fallis; Matthew C. Davis; Craig Tobias (Chemosphere, 2025)

Adrenergic receptor subtypes differentially influence acrolein-induced ventilatory, vascular leakage, and inflammatory responses - Devin I. Alewel; Stephen H. Gavett; Katherine M. Rentschler; Mette C. Schladweiler; Colette N. Miller; Paul A. Evansky; Thomas W. Jackson; Wanda C. Williams; Urmila P. Kodavanti (Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2025)

Testing for presence of alternative photosynthetic pathways in plants during the Mississippian - Tara A. Putri; Benjamin C. Gill; Stephen E. Scheckler; Rachel Reid (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Elucidating divergent growth and climate vulnerability in abalone (Haliotis iris): A multi-year snapshot - Joanna S. Copedo; Stephen C. Webb; Lizenn Delisle; Ben Knight; Norman L.C. Ragg; Olivier Laroche; Leonie Venter; Andrea C. Alfaro (Marine Environmental Research, 2025)

Tracking diagenetic alteration of magnetic susceptibility in thrust ridge and slope basin sediments of the Cascadia margin (ODP Sites 1249 and 1252; IODP Site U1325) - Stephen C. Phillips; Joel E. Johnson; William C. Clyde; Wei-Li Hong; Jacob B. Setera; Marta E. Torres (Marine Geology, 2025)

STICr: An open-source package and workflow for stream temperature, intermittency, and conductivity (STIC) data - Sam Zipper; Christopher T. Wheeler; Delaney M. Peterson; Stephen C. Cook; Sarah E. Godsey; Ken Aho (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Attenuating Vibrio harveyi Virulence Through Quorum Sensing Interference Using Piperine: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach - Stephen Kyle C. Arcan; Pattanan Yatip; Bamroong Munyoo; Mary Beth B. Maningas; Chumporn Soowannayan; John Paul Matthew D. Guzman (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2025)
Aquaculture diseases caused by pathogens such as Vibrio spp., amplified by the emergence of antibiotic resistance, threaten the aquaculture industry. Due to its critical role in regulating the expression of genes related to antibiotic resistance and virulence, quorum sensing (QS) was proved to be an ideal target in disease control. In this study, we investigated the effects of the alkaloid piperine on the QS system of a fish pathogenic Vibrio harveyi strain. In vitro assays showed that piperine inhibits biofilm formation of V. harveyi without affecting their growth. Moreover, piperine specifically reduced QS activity in V. harveyi , as evident in the inhibition of biofilm and bioluminescence, likely through the AI‐2 pathway. Molecular docking simulations showed significant binding energies between piperine and QS proteins—LuxP, LuxQ, LuxR and LuxS—revealing competitive inhibitory effects against LuxP, LuxR, and LuxS, and non‐competitive interactions with LuxQ. This study demonstrated the effects of piperine against V. harveyi and elucidated its mechanism of action against V. harveyi QS, implying its potential application in aquaculture systems.

Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learning - Marthe Mieling; Mushfa Yousuf; Nico Bunzeck; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; Susan Landau; Monica Rivera-Mindt; Leslie M. Shaw; Edward B. Lee; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia patients. Features included structural MRI, CSF status, demographics, and genetic data. Analyses comprised one cross-sectional multi-class classification (CN vs. MCI vs. AD dementia, n = 568) and two longitudinal binary-class classifications (CN-to-MCI converters vs. CN stable, n = 92; MCI-to-AD converters vs. MCI stable, n = 378). All classifications achieved 70–77% accuracy and 61–83% precision. Key features were CSF status, hippocampal volume, entorhinal thickness, and amygdala volume, with a clear dissociation: hippocampal properties contributed to the conversion to MCI, while the entorhinal cortex characterized the conversion to AD dementia. The findings highlight explainable, trajectory-specific insights into AD progression.

Conserving cross-realm coastal biodiversity when real-world planning and implementation processes split the land and sea - Linda R. Harris; Lara van Niekerk; Stephen D. Holness; Kerry J. Sink; Andrew L. Skowno; Anisha Dayaram; Heidi van Deventer; Nancy Job; Stephen J. Lamberth; Janine B. Adams; Jacqueline L. Raw; Taryn Riddin; et al. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2025)

Homing navigation is optimized to diurnal constraints in a tropical seabird, the red-footed booby - Joshua Coste; Stephen C. Votier; Ruth E. Dunn; Robin Freeman; Malcolm A. Nicoll; Peter Carr; Hannah Wood; Alice M. Trevail (Animal Behaviour, 2025)

Environmental controls on the conversion of nutrients to chlorophyll in lakes - Danial Naderian; Roohollah Noori; Dongkyun Kim; Changhyun Jun; Sayed M. Bateni; R. Iestyn Woolway; Sapna Sharma; Kun Shi; Boqiang Qin; Yunlin Zhang; Erik Jeppesen; Stephen C. Maberly (Water Research, 2025)

Revisiting tribromoethanol as a safe and effective murine anesthetic for veterinary clinical and biomedical research - Catherine Black; Stephen B. Harvey; Steven D. Holladay; Elizabeth Howerth; Robert Jeff Hogan; Harrison C. Bergeron; Robert M. Gogal Jr (Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2025)

Dispersing zeolite in technical catalyst particles using a top spray fluidized bed reactor for methanol to hydrocarbons reaction - Ali M. Alkadhem; Hend Omar Mohamed; Torsten Hoffmann; Jiyuan Fan; Valentina E. Musteata; Stephen C. Ogg; Javier Ruiz-Martinez; Evangelos Tsotsas; Pedro Castaño (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Wetland Conservation in the Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed: Long Term Monitoring Data from Coldwater Creek Restored Wetland - Stephen J. Jacquemin; Morgan C. Grunden; Theresa A. Dirksen (Wetlands, 2025)
Wetlands are becoming increasingly utilized to mitigate runoff as water quality issues from excess nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment continue to exacerbate eutrophication. This study focuses on long term nutrient and hydrologic data from the Grand Lake St. Marys (Ohio) Watershed where harmful algal blooms have proliferated for decades as a result of a combination of natural habitat loss and nonpoint source agricultural runoff. The objective of this study was to monitor long-term nutrient reductions associated with the restored and managed Coldwater Creek Wetland in order to guide future restoration efforts in the watershed and inform restoration efforts elsewhere. From 2017 to 2023, water samples were collected year-round from the wetland inflow and outflow and analyzed for nutrients (SRP, TP, and NO 3 -N) and total suspended solids (TSS) in addition to flow measurements to develop a complete hydrologic budget for the wetland source (Coldwater Creek), inflow, and outflow. Over the monitoring period, Coldwater Creek Wetland was able to intercept approximately 10.5 million m 3 of water equating to ~ 10% of the total flow entering Grand Lake St. Marys from this subwatershed while showing average load reductions of at least 63% for SRP (1.85 g/m 2 /yr), TP (5.2 g/m 2 /yr), NO 3 -N (48 g/m 2 /yr), and TSS (657 g/m 2 /yr). The need for long-term monitoring of wetlands is essential as documentation of ecosystem function over longer periods of time (as opposed to one or two years of monitoring) is paramount in improving our understanding of these restored ecosystems may help improve water quality.

Comparative analysis of Nannochloropsis oculata, Dunaliella salina, and Tetraselmis gracilis as feed sources for rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis: Effects on population dynamics, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile - R. Dinesh; S. Nandhakumar; C. Anand; J. Stephen Sampath Kumar; P. Padmavathy (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2025)

Voxel-wise insights into early Alzheimer’s disease pathology progression: the association with APOE and memory decline - Maha Wybitul; Nicolas Langer; Christoph Hock; Anton Gietl; Valerie Treyer; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald-Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Longitudinal investigation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype’s impact on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker progression, focusing on amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and gray matter (GM) atrophy, integrating cognitive decline and baseline levels. Longitudinal florbetapir-PET and T1-weighted MRI data from 100 cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) participants both with considerable global Aβ accumulation (“high Aβ accumulators”) were analyzed using a voxel-wise approach. Associations of APOE genotype and memory decline with Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy were examined separately for each neuroimaging modality, controlling for baseline Aβ levels and diagnosis. Alternatively, the effect of baseline diagnosis, while controlling for memory decline, was investigated. A multimodal analysis evaluated interactions between genotype, memory decline, and GM atrophy on Aβ accumulation. High Aβ accumulators displayed extensive Aβ pathology predominantly in the medial orbito-frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and precuneus, along with GM atrophy in temporal, occipital, orbito-frontal, and parietal areas. ɛ4 carriers with memory decline exhibited greater Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy in selective regions compared to non-carriers with memory decline, while no genotype difference was observed in individuals without decline. No interaction effect was observed for MCI diagnosis. Regional associations between the two biomarkers were similarly dependent on genotype and memory decline. ɛ4 carriers exhibiting memory decline present an accelerated neurobiological pattern at predementia stages, supporting early ɛ4 carrier monitoring and interventions in this at-risk group. Importantly, memory decline might be more informative than MCI regarding AD pathology progression emphasizing the importance of repeated cognitive assessments.

Ranavirus in native amphibians from the Pyrenees National Park, France: a case study - Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte; Stephen J. Price; Matthew C. Fisher; Jaime Bosch; Andrew A. Cunningham; Claudio Azat (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2025)

Quantifying coral reef carbonate budgets: a comparison between ReefBudget and CoralNet - Sivajyodee Sannassy Pilly; Joseph E. Townsend; Cut Aja Gita Alisa; Tries B. Razak; Ronan C. Roche; John R. Turner; Stephen Chan; David J. Kriegman; Andreas J. Andersson; Chris T. Perry; Ines D. Lange; Travis A. Courtney (Coral Reefs, 2025)
Calcium carbonate production constitutes one of the core processes that drive coral reef ecosystem functioning and can be assessed using in-water or image-based survey methods, which have not previously been compared. This study compares carbonate production estimates from in-water ReefBudget surveys and image-based CoralNet analyses in Puerto Rico, Indonesia, and Chagos Archipelago. Methods were compared for different regions (Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific), reef settings (low and high coral cover), CoralNet calcification versions (v1 and v2), and input metrics (regional vs. local coral growth rates). We show similar gross carbonate production estimates between methods, indicating that area-normalised scaling of calcification rates and assumptions about colony size and rugosity employed in CoralNet produce comparable estimates to ReefBudget surveys. Divergences in carbonate production estimates are potentially driven by differences in survey methods (reef contour measurements vs. planar imagery) and survey effort, which affect calcifier cover estimates, particularly at low coral cover sites. Local versus regional growth rate comparisons suggest site-specific factors can influence accuracy more than method choice. Our findings suggest that image-based methods can allow rapid reef-scale calcification estimates from photo or video imagery. These methods, combined with machine learning substrate classification algorithms, can estimate both benthic cover and carbonate production over larger reef areas and can be applied to historically collect benthic cover data to track carbonate production trends. We encourage researchers to recognise situation-specific differences in methodologies and select the one most suitable for their specific study site, required level of accuracy, and time constraints for fieldwork and image analysis.

When can we detect lianas from space? Toward a mechanistic understanding of liana‐infested forest optics - Marco D. Visser; Matteo Detto; Félicien Meunier; Jin Wu; Jane R. Foster; David C. Marvin; Peter M. van Bodegom; Boris Bongalov; Matheus Henrique Nunes; David Coomes; Hans Verbeeck; J. Antonio Guzmán Q; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Lianas, woody vines acting as structural parasites of trees, have profound effects on the composition and structure of tropical forests, impacting tree growth, mortality, and forest succession. Remote sensing could offer a powerful tool for quantifying the scale of liana infestation, provided the availability of robust detection methods. We analyze the consistency and global geographic specificity of spectral signals—reflectance across wavelengths—from liana‐infested tree crowns and forest stands, examining the underlying mechanisms of these signals. We compiled a uniquely comprehensive database, including leaf reflectance spectra from 5424 leaves, fine‐scale airborne reflectance data from 999 liana‐infested canopies, and coarse‐scale satellite reflectance data covering 775 ha of liana‐infested forest stands. To unravel the mechanisms of the liana spectral signal, we applied mechanistic radiative transfer models across scales, establishing a synthesis of the relative importance of different mechanisms, which we corroborate with field data on liana leaf chemistry and canopy structure. We find a consistent liana spectral signal at canopy and stand scales across globally distributed sites. This signature mainly arises at the canopy level due to direct effects of more horizontal leaf angles, resulting in a larger projected leaf area, and indirect effects from increased light scattering in the near and short‐wave infrared regions, linked to lianas' less costly leaf construction compared with trees on average. The existence of a consistent global spectral signal for lianas suggests that large‐scale quantification of liana infestation is feasible. However, because the traits responsible for the liana canopy‐reflectance signal are not exclusive to lianas, accurate large‐scale detection requires rigorously validated remote sensing methods. Our models highlight challenges in automated detection, such as potential misidentification due to leaf phenology, tree life history, topography, and climate, especially where the scale of liana infestation is less than a single remote sensing pixel. The observed cross‐site patterns also prompt ecological questions about lianas' adaptive similarities in optical traits across environments, indicating possible convergent evolution due to shared constraints on leaf biochemical and structural traits.

Reassessing the HMS Challenger collection as a late 19th century surface ocean indicator using X-ray micro-computed tomography - Stergios D. Zarkogiannis; Thomas J. Wood; C. Giles Miller; Stephen Stukins; Brett Clark (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Plankton tow net samples collected during the HMS Challenger expedition (1872–1876) have highlighted the potential to provide an unique window into past oceanic conditions. This study aims to assess the suitability of HMS Challenger sediment samples as indicators of late 19 th century surface oceanic conditions using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). We used μCT to examine all 21 available Challenger samples from the global ocean that were labelled as ‘tow-net at dredge’, ‘weights’ , or ‘trawl’ . Our analysis reveals that most samples contain benthic foraminifera shells, along with high concentrations of foraminiferal fragments and detrital quartz grains, while the remaining samples consist of sedimentary material devoid of calcareous microfossils. These findings suggest that these tow-net samples include resuspended bottom sediments rather than exclusively surface-derived material. This distinction is critical because it demonstrates that two types of Challenger tow-net samples exist: surface ocean samples and deep-water tow-net samples that incorporate seafloor material. The surface tow-net samples were recently located and are referenced in this study. These findings highlight the importance of re-evaluating historical sediment collections with modern analytical techniques to ensure accurate paleoceanographic interpretations. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of μCT as a non-destructive tool for sediment analysis, allowing for the detailed examination of collections without the need for washing or wet sieving.

Feasible approaches for arsenic speciation analysis in foods for dietary exposure assessment: a review - Stephen W. C. Chung (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2025)

Rationale and design of the Dog Aging Project precision cohort: a multi-omic resource for longitudinal research in geroscience - Jena Prescott; Amber J. Keyser; Paul Litwin; Matthew D. Dunbar; Robyn McClelland; Audrey Ruple; Holley Ernst; Brianna L. Butler; Mandy Kauffman; Anne Avery; Benjamin R. Harrison; Maria Partida-Aguilar; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Assessing South Africa’s marine protected area quality and progress towards conservation goals: An application of The MPA Guide framework - Laurel C. Field; Kendyl Wright; Jenna Sullivan-Stack; Jean M. Harris; Stephen P. Kirkman; Peter J. Fielding; Ané Oosthuizen; Siyabonga Dlulisa; Anastasiya Laznya; Emanuel J. Gonçalves; Kirsten Grorud-Colvert (Marine Policy, 2025)

Assessing anthelmintic resistance on small ruminant farms in a tropical production system - Gurdeep Kour; Tiago Alves Correa Carvalho da Silva; Stephen W. Walkden-Brown; Alice Baleiverata; Shayna Mala; Ritesh Rao; Divesh Prasad; Frances C. Cowley (Small Ruminant Research, 2025)

Reductions in exposures to simulated respiratory aerosols by a ceiling-mounted HEPA air filtration unit - William G. Lindsley; Raymond C. Derk; Jayme P. Coyle; Francoise M. Blachere; Theresa Boots; Stephen B. Martin; Kenneth R. Mead; John D. Noti (Building and Environment, 2025)

A review of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses: Dengue virus and West Nile virus in Southern Africa - Maropeng C. Monyama; Letlhogonolo R. Molefe; Stephen Meddows-Taylor (VirusDisease, 2025)
Dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are important re-emerging mosquito-borne members of the genus Flavivirus that are under-recognized in many parts of Africa. This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on the transmission, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, clinical presentation and prevention of infection with DENV and WNV in Southern Africa. Literature shows that both DENV and WNV are transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes spp. and Culex species., respectively, and both viruses are widespread in the Southern African region. Epidemiologically, sporadic outbreaks have been reported of both DENV and WNV in various Southern African countries, indicating the ongoing threat of these viruses. However, the lack of comprehensive surveillance and diagnostic capacity challenges accurate estimation of their true prevalence. Diagnostic techniques for DENV and WNV involve serological tests, molecular tests and viral isolation, enabling prompt diagnosis and differentiation from other febrile illnesses. In Southern Africa, infection with DENV and WNV presents significant public health concerns, with the clinical presentation of both infections ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe manifestations. Symptoms of infection include high fever, myalgia, rash, and, in severe cases, haemorrhagic fever for DENV and neurological complications for WNV. No specific antiviral treatment exists for either virus, underscoring the importance of supportive care and symptom management. To prevent the spread of DENV and WNV in Southern African countries, a combination of prevention and treatment strategies should be employed, including effective mosquito control, continuous monitoring of vector population dynamics, public health education, and surveillance and reporting systems for averting future outbreaks.

Combined effect of sprint interval training and post-exercise blood flow restriction on muscle deoxygenation responses during ramp incremental cycling - Brynmor C. Breese; Stephen J. Bailey; Richard A. Ferguson (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)

Immunotherapy for leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors: current clinical outcomes and future opportunities - Eleanor C. Smith; Bryan T Mott; Emily Douglas; Stephen B. Tatter; Kounosuke Watabe (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2025)
Leptomeningeal disease is a debilitating, late-stage form of metastatic cancer disseminated within the cerebrospinal fluid, subarachnoid space, and leptomeninges, leading to significant neurological morbidity and mortality. As systemic cancer treatments improve, rates of leptomeningeal disease have increased, yet prognosis remains exceedingly poor. A wide range of treatment modalities have been trialed; however, no standard of care has been established. Additionally, many clinical trials exclude patients with leptomeningeal disease, limiting available prospective data. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of immunotherapy for leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors including systemic and intrathecal therapies, as well as combined therapy regimens. Our review indicates a continued deficiency in the current prospective literature and highlights ongoing research regarding the leptomeningeal immune microenvironment, which will be critical in directing future study of leptomeningeal disease treatment. Currently, the efficacy of immunotherapies on leptomeningeal disease appears limited, and further prospective research is needed to draw significant conclusions. However, recent advancement in understanding the leptomeningeal microenvironment points to potential efficacy of novel immunotherapies targeting the innate immune system, and further study is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in this subpopulation of patients.

Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs (TRIAD): study design and rationale for a prospective, parallel-group, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of rapamycin in healthy middle-aged dogs from the Dog Aging Project - Amanda E. Coleman; Kate E. Creevy; Rozalyn Anderson; May J. Reed; Virginia R. Fajt; Kathleen M. Aicher; Genna Atiee; Brian G. Barnett; Ryan D. Baumwart; Beth Boudreau; Suzanne M. Cunningham; Matthew D. Dunbar; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

The Rowley Shoals atolls: Remnants of a Miocene great barrier reef on the north-west Australian margin - Jackson C. McCaffrey; Stephen J. Gallagher; Malcolm W. Wallace; Tanita Averes; Stanislaus G. Fabian; Katja Lindhorst; Lars Reuning; Sebastian Krastel (Global and Planetary Change, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes” [Biol. Conserv. 300 (2024), 110843] - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Environmental drivers of tropospheric bromine and mercury variability in coastal East Antarctica - Neil C. Page; Jenny A. Fisher; Stephen R. Wilson; Robyn Schofield; Robert G. Ryan; Sean Gribben; Andrew R. Klekociuk; Grant C. Edwards; Anthony Morrison (Atmospheric Environment, 2025)

Substrate Origin Controls Phosphorus Availability in Globally Distributed Long-Term Chronosequences - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino; Antonio Gallardo; Jorge Durán; David A. Wardle; Patrick E. Hayes; Stephen C. Hart; Laura García-Velázquez; Cecilia A. Pérez; Christina Siebe; Asmeret Asefaw Berhe; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo (Ecosystems, 2025)
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for soil biology and biogeochemistry worldwide. Yet, despite decades of research, important uncertainties persist about the drivers and changes in soil P forms during long-term soil formation. Here, we analyzed topsoils from nine globally distributed retrogressive soil chronosequences aiming to evaluate the relative contribution of key environmental factors (that is, soil age, substrate origin, climate, soil attributes, and vegetation) in explaining the long-term dynamics of primary, occluded, non-occluded, organic, and total P across different terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, rather than soil age, substrate origin was the main driver controlling the fate of different P fractions across contrasting environmental conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that temporal patterns governing the long-term dynamics of different P forms as soils develop are not consistent among soil chronosequences, which is a result of contrasting environmental conditions, especially substrate origin. We further showed that topsoil total P was the greatest at intermediate soil development stage across the globe. Lastly, our results showed that P fractions were highly correlated with multiple surrogates of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, plant productivity, and biodiversity. Together, our work provides new insights into the natural history of P availability, and further highlights that substrate origin, rather than soil age, is essential to predict changes in P availability in response to physical perturbation and climate change.

Intraspecific scaling of home range size and its bioenergetic association - Evan E. Byrnes; Jenna L. Hounslow; Vital Heim; Clemency E. White; Matthew J. Smukall; Stephen J. Beatty; Adrian C. Gleiss (Ecology, 2025)
Home range size and metabolic rate of animals are theorized to scale in relation to body mass with similar exponents. This expectation has only been indirectly tested using lab‐derived estimates of basal metabolic rate as proxies for field energy requirements. Therefore, it is unclear if existing theory aligns with observed patterns of home range scaling since field metabolic rates may scale differently than basal metabolic rates. We conducted the first direct field test of the relationship between home range and metabolic rate allometry. Using acoustic telemetry, we simultaneously measured the home range sizes and field metabolic rates of lemon sharks ( Negaprion brevirostris ) spanning one order of magnitude in body mass and compared the allometric scaling exponents of these traits. Similarity between allometric scaling exponents confirmed an expected strong association between metabolic rate and home range size. However, a nonsignificant but negative association between standard metabolic rate (SMR) and home range size suggests a complex relationship between metabolism and home range, contrasting previous assumptions of a positive relationship. Nevertheless, an overall positive association between home range size and total metabolic rate persisted, driven by a strong association between active energy expenditure and home range size. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between energetics and home range size, emphasizing the need for additional direct field investigations and the potential for modern tagging technologies to gather relevant data.

Dynamic proportional loss of functional connectivity revealed change of left superior frontal gyrus in subjective cognitive decline: an explanatory study based on Chinese and Western cohorts - Luyao Wang; Wenjing Hu; Fan Dong; Can Sheng; Jinglong Wu; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Adaptive advantages of invasive mosquitofish over native medaka in a warmer, hypoxic world: Comparative physiological and transcriptomic insights - Bojian Chen; Luye Shi; Yuan Gao; Fangting Ai; Yuxiang Wang; Stephen C. Lougheed; Zhenlong Wang (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

The dispersion method does not affect the in vitro genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes despite inducing surface alterations - Michael J. Burgum; Víctor Alcolea-Rodríguez; Hanna Saarelainen; Raquel Portela; Julián J. Reinosa; José F. Fernández; Verónica I. Dumit; Julia Catalán; Felice C. Simeone; Lara Faccani; Martin J.D. Clift; Stephen J. Evans; et al. (NanoImpact, 2025)

Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Advanced and Aggressive Forms of Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies - Elkhansa Sidahmed; Stephen J. Freedland; Molin Wang; Kana Wu; Demetrius Albanes; Matt Barnett; Piet A. van den Brandt; Michael B. Cook; Graham G. Giles; Edward Giovannucci; Christopher A. Haiman; Susanna C. Larsson; et al. (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

An experimental investigation on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of IC engine using liquid fuel produced through catalytic co-pyrolysis of pressed oil cake and mixed plastics with the addition of nanoparticles - T. Stephen Livingston; P. Madhu; C. Sowmya Dhanalakshmi; R. Vignesh Kumar (Fuel, 2025)

Energy-informed pathways: A fundamental approach to designing ballistic lunar transfers - Stephen T. Scheuerle; Kathleen C. Howell; Diane C. Davis (Advances in Space Research, 2025)

Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site - J. Benjamin Stratton; Stephen C. Richter (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2025)
To maximize energy available for foraging or reproduction, optimality theory suggests individuals allocate energy toward defensive behaviors equivalent to risk of predation. In this framework, repeat encounters with humans by wildlife that do not reduce individual fitness could result in a decreased defensive response toward humans in subsequent encounters. We investigated whether individual experience influenced the defensive behaviors and frequency of site use of foraging eastern copperheads ( Agkistrodon contortrix ) at Koomer Ridge Campground in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky. Beginning in 2015, this site has been used for annual mark-recapture studies of copperhead foraging ecology as they predate emerging annual cicadas ( Neotibicen tibicen ). Using a standardized behavioral trial, we tested how copperhead defensive behavior toward humans was influenced by capture history, body size, and soil temperature. Model averaging results indicated that the overall intensity of copperhead defensive response to humans increased with capture history length, and soil temperature was positively associated with likelihood to respond when touched. Number of years recaptured was a significant, positive predictor of foraging frequency in 2022. Therefore, copperheads with longer capture histories visit the site to forage more frequently and are more willing to defend their opportunity to forage, suggesting a degree of acquired tolerance absent from naïve snakes that fled readily. Collectively, these results provide evidence that eastern copperheads at our site modulate their foraging and defensive behavior based on previous capture experience to more efficiently predate a seasonally abundant prey item.

SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Benjamin R. Goldstein; Christopher Pate; Paula Castiblanco; Maggie E. Abell; Jessie Adley; Briana Agenbroad; Adam A. Ahlers; Peter D. Alexander; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.