A novel mechanistic modelling approach for microbial selection dynamics: Towards improved design and control of raceway reactors for purple bacteria - Abbas Alloul; Ali Moradvandi; Daniel Puyol; Raúl Molina; Giorgio Gardella; Siegfried E. Vlaeminck; Bart De Schutter; Edo Abraham; Ralph E.F. Lindeboom; David G. Weissbrodt (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Persistent headaches one year after bacterial meningitis: prevalence, determinants and impact on quality of life - Rémi Nguyen Van; Sarah Tubiana; Thomas De Broucker; Joseph Cédric; Carine Roy; Marie-Caroline Meyohas; Thierry Prazuck; Catherine Chirouze; Bruno Hoen; Xavier Duval; Matthieu Revest; Bruno Mourvillier; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2023)

Improved representation of cattle herd dynamics for bio-physical modelling of pathways to a climate neutral land sector - Daniel Henn; James Humphreys; Colm Duffy; James Gibbons; David Styles (Agricultural Systems, 2023)

Uniparental and biparental markers unravel invasion pathways, population admixture, and genetic structure in naturalized rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) - Javiera N. Benavente; David Véliz; Claudio Quezada‐Romegialli; Daniel Gomez‐Uchida (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
The present study combined uniparental mtDNA and biparental SNPs to illuminate the invasion and colonization pathways of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , one of the world's most widespread invasive fishes, that has been intensively propagated in Chile, South America. The specific aims of the study were (i) to evaluate potential donor populations, which could be either from the species' native range in North America or from introduced populations in Europe, by comparing mtDNA D‐loop/control region haplotypes; and (ii) to assess the factors that have shaped genetic diversity and contemporary genetic structure of rainbow trout populations introduced to Chile through SNP genotyping. The authors comprehensively sampled 24 sites in 12 basins ranging from the High Andean Plateau (Altiplano, 18° S) to northern Patagonia (41° S). Results of the mtDNA data of naturalized trout populations from rivers in the Altiplano (northern Chile) differed from those collected in central and southern Chile, suggesting an origin from North American hatcheries. Naturalized trout populations in central and southern Chile, on the contrary, shared haplotypes with specimens found in European hatcheries. The southern and central Chile populations also contained rare haplotypes, possibly indicating potential spread through aquaculture escapes. Results of the SNP analysis revealed higher allelic richness for trout sampled in sites influenced by commercial aquaculture than sites without commercial aquaculture, likely due to increased admixture between aquaculture broodstock and naturalized trout. The analysis further uncovered some complex patterns of divergent trout populations with low genetic diversity as well as increased relatedness between individuals from isolated sites, suggesting possible local populations. A comprehensive characterization of genetic diversity and structure of rainbow trout should help identify management areas that may augment socioeconomic benefits while preventing the spread and further impacts on biodiversity.

Lower muscle mitochondrial energetics is associated with greater phenotypic frailty in older women and men: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging - Theresa Mau; Haley N. Barnes; Terri L. Blackwell; Philip A. Kramer; Scott R. Bauer; David J. Marcinek; Sofhia V. Ramos; Daniel E. Forman; Frederico G. S. Toledo; Russell T. Hepple; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; Steven R. Cummings; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Forestry in the Face of Global Change: Results of a Global Survey of Professionals - Austin Himes; Jürgen Bauhus; Shankar Adhikari; Saroj Kanta Barik; Hugh Brown; Andreas Brunner; Philip J. Burton; Lluís Coll; Anthony W. D’Amato; Jurij Diaci; Yonten Dorji; Ernest G. Foli; et al. (Current Forestry Reports, 2023)
Purpose of Review Forests support most global terrestrial biodiversity and contribute to the livelihood of billions of people, but these and other benefits are in jeopardy due to global change. This leads to questions, such as how to address the challenges of global change in forest management, given the lack of knowledge and deep uncertainty about future developments. In addition, many of the impediments to implement adaptation strategies are unknown. Recent Findings Here, we present an overview of results from a global survey of 754 forestry professionals (370 researchers and educators, 227 practicing foresters, 37 policymakers, 64 administrators, and 56 with other or unspecified roles) from 61 countries across 6 continents who were interested in global change issues. These professionals were asked about their opinion regarding three different adaptation strategies: resist , adapt , and transform . Most respondents agreed that the majority of global change factors will negatively influence the ability of forests to provide desired ecosystem services. Similarly, they agreed about major challenges when implementing adaptation strategies and specifically whether our current knowledge base is sufficient. These concerns were not limited to ecological aspects, but respondents also highlighted the need for a better appreciation of social/political and economic barriers, especially regarding transformation strategies. In addition, the response patterns, including differences due to economic status, highlight the importance of developing and evaluating adaptation strategies in a local social–ecological context. Summary Our study demonstrates a widespread perception on the part of forestry professionals around the world, especially among researchers and practitioners, that many global change factors will affect sustainable forest management negatively, resulting in the need for active silvicultural adaption. The results also suggest potential barriers to different adaptation strategies, particularly a relative lack of information and social acceptance for transform strategies. Further, this study highlights the importance of social and political factors and the need to understand the general public’s values regarding adaptation strategies as well as how the influence of public opinion is perceived by forest managers.

Antioxidants green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid confer species and strain-specific lifespan and health effects in Caenorhabditis nematodes - Stephen A. Banse; Christine A. Sedore; Erik Johnson; Anna L. Coleman-Hulbert; Brian Onken; David Hall; E. Grace Jackson; Phu Huynh; Anna C. Foulger; Suzhen Guo; Theo Garrett; Jian Xue; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) is an NIH-funded research consortium of investigators who conduct analyses at three independent sites to identify chemical interventions that reproducibly promote health and lifespan in a robust manner. The founding principle of the CITP is that compounds with positive effects across a genetically diverse panel of Caenorhabditis species and strains are likely engaging conserved biochemical pathways to exert their effects. As such, interventions that are broadly efficacious might be considered prominent compounds for translation for pre-clinical research and human clinical applications. Here, we report results generated using a recently streamlined pipeline approach for the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on lifespan and health. We studied five compounds previously shown to extend C. elegans lifespan or thought to promote mammalian health: 17α-estradiol, acarbose, green tea extract, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and rapamycin. We found that green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend Caenorhabditis lifespan in a species-specific manner. Additionally, these two antioxidants conferred assay-specific effects in some studies—for example, decreasing survival for certain genetic backgrounds in manual survival assays in contrast with extended lifespan as assayed using automated C. elegans Lifespan Machines. We also observed that GTE and NDGA impact on older adult mobility capacity is dependent on genetic background, and that GTE reduces oxidative stress resistance in some Caenorhabditis strains. Overall, our analysis of the five compounds supports the general idea that genetic background and assay type can influence lifespan and health effects of compounds, and underscores that lifespan and health can be uncoupled by chemical interventions.

Fish avoidance of ships during acoustic surveys tested with quiet uncrewed surface vessels - Thomas M. Evans; Lars G. Rudstam; Suresh A. Sethi; David M. Warner; S. Dale Hanson; Benjamin Turschak; Steven A. Farha; Andrew R. Barnard; Daniel L. Yule; Mark R. DuFour; Timothy P. O’Brien; Kevin N. McDonnell; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Mammalian diversity and age of the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene–Early Pleistocene), Northwestern Argentina: State of knowledge and new contributions - Damián Ruiz-Ramoni; Cristo O. Romano; Sergio D. Tarquini; Analía M. Forasiepi; Juan L. García Massini; David L. Barbeau; Laura E. Cruz; Daniel Barasoain; Esperanza Cerdeño; M. Carolina Madozzo Jaén; Ana M. Combina; Estefanía Asurmendi; et al. (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023)

Estuarine-coastal connectivity and partial migration of southern flounder in the Gulf of Mexico - Christopher Steffen; Shane Stephens; Michael A. Dance; Daniel L. Lippi; Christine C. Jensen; R.J. David Wells; Jay R. Rooker (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Holistic overview of natural ventilation and mixed mode in built environment of warm climate zones and hot seasons - David Bienvenido-Huertas; María Luisa de la Hoz-Torres; Antonio J. Aguilar; Blanca Tejedor; Daniel Sánchez-García (Building and Environment, 2023)

Threatened conservation scientists: The aftermath of an eye-opening publication on rewilding - María de las Mercedes Guerisoli; Mauro I. Schiaffini; Pablo Teta; Alejandro E.J. Valenzuela; Patricia Mirol; Javier Nori; Guillermo E. Defossé; María Marcela Godoy; Pablo Krieger; Tomás Withington; María G. Agostini; Christopher B. Anderson; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains - Tamara Shulgina; Alexander Gershunov; Benjamin J. Hatchett; Kristen Guirguis; Aneesh C. Subramanian; Steven A. Margulis; Yiwen Fang; Daniel R. Cayan; David W. Pierce; Michael Dettinger; Michael L. Anderson; F. Martin Ralph (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
The Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascades—California’s snowy mountains—are primary freshwater sources and natural reservoirs for the states of California and Nevada. These mountains receive precipitation overwhelmingly from wintertime storms including atmospheric rivers (ARs), much of it falling as snow at the higher elevations. Using a seven-decade record of daily observed temperature and precipitation as well as a snow reanalysis and downscaled climate projections, we documented historical and future changes in snow accumulation and snowlines. In four key subregions of California’s snowy mountains, we quantified the progressing contribution of ARs and non-AR storms to the evolving and projected snow accumulation and snowlines (elevation of the snow-to-rain transition), exploring their climatology, variability and trends. Historically, snow makes up roughly a third of the precipitation affecting California’s mountains. While ARs make up only a quarter of all precipitating days and, due to their relative warmth, produce snowlines higher than do other storms, they contribute over 40% of the total seasonal snow. Under projected unabated warming, snow accumulation would decline to less than half of historical by the late twenty-first century, with the greatest snow loss at mid elevations (from 1500 to 3300 m by the mountain sub-regions) during fall and spring. Central and Southern Sierra Nevada peaks above 3400 m might see occasionally extreme snow accumulations in January–February resulting entirely from wetter ARs. AR-related snowlines are projected to increase by more than 700 m, compared to about 500 m for other storms. We discuss likely impacts of the changing climate for water resources as well as for winter recreation.

Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing - Ashley M. Fowler; Natalie A. Dowling; Jeremy M. Lyle; Josep Alós; Leif E. Anderson; Steven J. Cooke; Andy J. Danylchuk; Keno Ferter; Heath Folpp; Clifford Hutt; Kieran Hyder; Daniel K. Lew; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2023)
Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi‐sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high‐income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small‐scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.

Monitoring population-level foraging distribution of a marine migratory species from land: strengths and weaknesses of the isotopic approach on the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead turtle aggregation - Simona A. Ceriani; Susan Murasko; David S. Addison; David Anderson; Greg Curry; Nicole A. Desjardin; Scott F. Eastman; Daniel R. Evans; Nancy Evou; Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; Matthew H. Godfrey; Kristen M. Hart; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Assessing the linkage between breeding and non-breeding areas has important implications for understanding the fundamental biology of and conserving animal species. This is a challenging task for marine species, and in sea turtles a combination of stable isotope analysis (SIA) and satellite telemetry has been increasingly used. The Northwest Atlantic (NWA) loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) Regional Management Unit, one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate key biological patterns as well as methodological aspects related to the use of stable isotopes to infer spatial distribution of turtles in foraging areas. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the annual distribution of NWA adult female loggerheads among foraging areas and investigate the efficacy of various analytical approaches as well as the effect of sample size in these types of studies. A total of 5168 individual females were sampled from seven Management Units (MUs) between 2013-2018. We provide the first estimate of the proportion of females originating from each MU that uses each foraging area and show how this proportion varies over time. We also estimate the relative importance (in terms of number of turtles) of each foraging area to the overall loggerhead breeding aggregation nesting in Florida and in the NWA for each year of the study. The foraging area used by reproductively active females differs considerably across MUs. One of these, the Subtropical NWA, is by far the most important foraging area in terms of both number of individuals and genetic diversity, and therefore this region may be considered as a conservation priority. Through simulations, we show that limited sizes of sample groups (unknowns; training; priors) may result in false geographic differentiation and consequently mislead interpretations. We provide thresholds and methodological recommendations for future studies. This study establishes a fundamental baseline for monitoring the annual contribution of foraging area to a terrestrial-based breeding aggregation of a marine animal in a cost-effective way. This type of monitoring allows for early detection of changes in foraging distributions—a possible effect of climate change on marine ecosystems or of area-specific anthropogenic threats.

Associations of the consumption of unprocessed red meat and processed meat with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality, and the dose-response relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies - Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros; Gabriela Xavier Barbalho Mesquita; Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima; David Franciole de Oliveira Silva; Kesley Pablo Morais de Azevedo; Isac Davidson Santiago Fernandes Pimenta; Ana Katherine da Silveira Gonçalves de Oliveira; Clélia de Oliveira Lyra; Daniel Guillén Martínez; Grasiela Piuvezam (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023)

On the Digital Twin of The Ocean Cleanup Systems—Part I: Calibration of the Drag Coefficients of a Netted Screen in OrcaFlex Using CFD and Full-Scale Experiments - Martin Alejandro Gonzalez Jimenez; Andriarimina Daniel Rakotonirina; Bruno Sainte-Rose; David James Cox (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
The Ocean Cleanup introduces a Digital Twin (DT) describing the cleanup systems made of netting to extract marine litter from our oceans. It consists of two wings forming a “U-shape” and a retention zone. During operation, the system is towed and drag-driven with a span-to-length ratio of 0.6 ≤SR*≤ 0.8. The twine Reynolds number is Ret*∈[800:1600], making it experience various local drag coefficients. The DT was built with OrcaFlex (OF) aiming at: (i) avoiding over- or under-designing the system; (ii) supporting the scale-up of the system; and (iii) estimating the costs and/or the impact of our offshore operations. Therefore, we present an attempt to build an accurate DT using data from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP). We developed a three-cycle validation: (i) initial guess applying Naumov’s semi-empirical drag coefficient to define the OF drag coefficients without the influence of the angles of attack θ of the wings; (ii) adjustment of the OF drag coefficients using AquaSim (AS) with its twine-by-twine drag correlation for various θ; (iii) re-adjustment of the OF drag coefficients from two-dimensional CFD simulations using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for a twine-by-twine establishment of a drag correlation on a 1 m plane net, highlighting the shielding effects for θ

New records of fern species from New Caledonia in the genera Davallia , Dicranopteris , Dryopteris , Pteris , and Trichomanes - Leon R. Perrie; Rémy Amice; Lara D. Shepherd; Christian Laudereau; David Bruy; Marika Tuiwawa; Daniel J. Ohlsen; Patrick J. Brownsey (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2023)

Integrating thermodynamics and mathematical modelling to investigate the stoichiometry and kinetics of sulphide oxidation-nitrate reduction with a special focus on partial autotrophic denitrification - Eric Valdés; David Gabriel; Daniel González; Giulio Munz; Cecilia Polizzi (Chemosphere, 2023)

Recycling effects in detrital zircon U Pb signatures in a foreland basin: Identifying the multicyclic sediment sources of the Eocene-Miocene Jaca basin (southern Pyrenees, Spain) - Marta Roigé; David Gómez-Gras; Daniel F. Stockli; Antonio Teixell; Salvador Boya; Miquel Poyatos-Moré (Sedimentary Geology, 2023)

Daily detection and quantification of methane leaks using Sentinel-3: a tiered satellite observation approach with Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-5p - Sudhanshu Pandey; Maarten van Nistelrooij; Joannes D. Maasakkers; Pratik Sutar; Sander Houweling; Daniel J. Varon; Paul Tol; David Gains; John Worden; Ilse Aben (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Phylogenomics reveals extreme gene tree discordance in a lineage of dominant trees: hybridization, introgression, and incomplete lineage sorting blur deep evolutionary relationships despite clear species groupings in Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia - Todd G.B. McLay; Rachael M. Fowler; Patrick S. Fahey; Daniel J. Murphy; Frank Udovicic; David J. Cantrill; Michael J. Bayly (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Non-invasive methods to quantify the carcass parameters of sheep: Interaction between thermal environment and residual feed intake - Gabriel Ravi Gama Fontes; Glayciane Costa Gois; Rafael Torres de Souza Rodrigues; David Ramos da Rocha; Tiago Santos Silva; Joanigo Fernando Simão; Nataline Silva Araújo; Silvia Helena Nogueira Turco; Flávio Barbosa Matias; José Gledyson da Silva; Bernardo José Marques Ferreira; Daniel Ribeiro Menezes; et al. (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2023)

Thermal resting pattern and acute skin temperature response to exercise in older adults: Role of cardiorespiratory fitness - Juan Corral-Pérez; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Jesus Gustavo Ponce-Gonzalez; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; David Jiménez-Pavón (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2023)

Forecasting of daily streamflows downstream from reservoirs with streamflow regularization using machine learning methods - Tarcila Neves Generoso; Demetrius David da Silva; Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim; Lineu Neiva Rodrigues; Daniel Althoff; Erli Pinto dos Santos (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023)

Rethinking the near collapse of certification programmes in commodity value chains: A temporal myopia perspective - Daniel Siaw; David Sarpong; David Botchie; George Ofosu (Journal of Rural Studies, 2023)

Improving biomethane production from biochar-supplemented two-stage anaerobic digestion of on-farm feedstocks - Xue Ning; Chen Deng; Daniel T. Hickey; Anga Hackula; Richard O'Shea; David M. Wall; Richen Lin; Jerry D. Murphy (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

A techno-economic analysis of a co-located wastewater treatment and hydrogen facility - Ché Cameron; Seán McLoone; Dylan Daniel Furszyfer Del Rio; David Rooney; Aoife Foley (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

When are environmental DNA early detections of invasive species actionable? - Adam J. Sepulveda; Christine E. Dumoulin; Denise L. Blanchette; John McPhedran; Colin Holme; Nathan Whalen; Margaret E. Hunter; Christopher M. Merkes; Catherine A. Richter; Matthew E. Neilson; Wesley M. Daniel; Devin N. Jones; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Egg yolk lipids induce sensitization to egg white proteins in a mouse model without adjuvant and exacerbate Th2 responses to egg white in cells from allergic patients - Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez; Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo; David Menchén-Martínez; Elena Molina; Rosina López-Fandiño; Sara Benedé (Food Research International, 2023)

Identification and characterisation of MdUGT78T2 as a galactosyltransferase with dual activity on flavonol and anthocyanidin substrates in red-skinned apple fruit (Malus domestica L.) - Daniel Clayton-Cuch; Daniel McDougal; Julian G. Schwerdt; Long Yu; Neil Shirley; David Bradley; John B. Bruning; Christine Böttcher; Vincent Bulone (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Transdisciplinary learning as a key leverage for sustainability transformations - Matthias Barth; Amanda Jiménez-Aceituno; David PM Lam; Lina Bürgener; Daniel J Lang (Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2023)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual Report - Alexandra M. Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; Rachel E. Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffrey Brent; Kim Aldy; Jennifer Acciani; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Island colonisation leads to rapid behavioural and morphological divergence in Anolis lizards - Daniel J. Nicholson; Robert J. Knell; Edita Folfas; Lauren K. Neel; Zachariah Degon; Madeline DuBois; Xochitl Ortiz-Ross; Albert K. Chung; John David Curlis; Timothy J. Thurman; W. Owen McMillan; Trenton W. J. Garner; et al. (Evolutionary Ecology, 2023)

Accelerating ocean species discovery and laying the foundations for the future of marine biodiversity research and monitoring - Alex David Rogers; Hannah Appiah-Madson; Jeff A. Ardron; Nicholas J. Bax; Punyasloke Bhadury; Angelika Brandt; Pier-Luigi Buttigieg; Olivier De Clerck; Claudia Delgado; Daniel L. Distel; Adrian Glover; Judith Gobin; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Ocean Census is a new Large-Scale Strategic Science Mission aimed at accelerating the discovery and description of marine species. This mission addresses the knowledge gap of the diversity and distribution of marine life whereby of an estimated 1 million to 2 million species of marine life between 75% to 90% remain undescribed to date. Without improved knowledge of marine biodiversity, tackling the decline and eventual extinction of many marine species will not be possible. The marine biota has evolved over 4 billion years and includes many branches of the tree of life that do not exist on land or in freshwater. Understanding what is in the ocean and where it lives is fundamental science, which is required to understand how the ocean works, the direct and indirect benefits it provides to society and how human impacts can be reduced and managed to ensure marine ecosystems remain healthy. We describe a strategy to accelerate the rate of ocean species discovery by: 1) employing consistent standards for digitisation of species data to broaden access to biodiversity knowledge and enabling cybertaxonomy; 2) establishing new working practices and adopting advanced technologies to accelerate taxonomy; 3) building the capacity of stakeholders to undertake taxonomic and biodiversity research and capacity development, especially targeted at low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) so they can better assess and manage life in their waters and contribute to global biodiversity knowledge; and 4) increasing observational coverage on dedicated expeditions. Ocean Census, is conceived as a global open network of scientists anchored by Biodiversity Centres in developed countries and LMICs. Through a collaborative approach, including co-production of science with LMICs, and by working with funding partners, Ocean Census will focus and grow current efforts to discover ocean life globally, and permanently transform our ability to document, describe and safeguard marine species.

A breakeven cost analysis framework for electric road systems - Parth Deshpande; Christopher de Saxe; Daniel Ainalis; John Miles; David Cebon (Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023)

Patterns and drivers of macroalgal ‘blue carbon’ transport and deposition in near-shore coastal environments - Erlania; Alecia Bellgrove; Peter I. Macreadie; Mary A. Young; Owen J. Holland; Zach Clark; Daniel Ierodiaconou; Rafael C. Carvalho; David Kennedy; Adam D. Miller (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Monitoring influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in wastewater. Beyond COVID-19 - Daniel Toribio-Avedillo; Clara Gómez-Gómez; Laura Sala-Comorera; Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio; Albert Carcereny; David García-Pedemonte; Rosa Maria Pintó; Susana Guix; Belén Galofré; Albert Bosch; Susana Merino; Maite Muniesa (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Drivers of seasonal and decadal change on an estuarine beach in a fetch-limited temperate embayment - David M. Kennedy; R. Jak McCarroll; Thomas E. Fellowes; Shari L. Gallop; Nicolas Pucino; Sarah L. McSweeney; Ana Vila-Concejo; Ruth Reef; Runjie Yuan; Rafael Carvalho; Tran Huy Quang; Daniel Ierodiaconou (Marine Geology, 2023)

Climate-smart peatland management and the potential for synergies between food security and climate change objectives in Indonesia - Massimo Lupascu; Pierre Taillardat; Sigit D. Sasmito; F. Agus; Daniel Mudiyarso; Sorain J. Ramchunder; Hesti L. Tata; David Taylor (Global Environmental Change, 2023)

Reactive vanadium and iron fluxes in different modern sedimentary environments - Jonathan Garcia-Orozco; Miguel Angel Huerta-Diaz; Xosé L. Otero; Karla Gabriela Mejia-Piña; Jacob Alberto Valdivieso-Ojeda; Daniel David Gregory; Margarita Díaz-de-Alba; D. Arenas-Islas; Roxana Cervantes-Flores (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

Seeing the wood for the trees, irregular silviculture supports bat populations in conifer plantations - Patrick Cook; Daniel Alder; Lisbeth Hordley; Stuart E. Newson; David Pengelly (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Rotation-age effects of subsoiling, fertilization, and weed control on radiata pine growth at sites with contrasting soil physical, nutrient, and water limitations - Rafael Rubilar; Daniel Bozo; Timothy Albaugh; Rachel Cook; Otávio Campoe; David Carter; H. Lee Allen; José Álvarez; Matías Pincheira; Álvaro Zapata (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Deep decarbonisation pathways of the energy system in times of unprecedented uncertainty in the energy sector - Evangelos Panos; James Glynn; Socrates Kypreos; Antti Lehtilä; Xiufeng Yue; Brian Ó Gallachóir; David Daniels; Hancheng Dai (Energy Policy, 2023)

Two-phase anaerobic digestion for enhanced valorisation of whiskey distillery by-products - Anga Hackula; Rajas Shinde; Daniel Hickey; Richard O'Shea; Jerry D. Murphy; David M. Wall (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis and their relationship with leaf structure over an elevation gradient in two conifers - Jiemin Guo; Daniel P. Beverly; Brent E. Ewers; David G. Williams (Photosynthesis Research, 2023)

Correction to: Application of somatic embryogenesis for development of emerald ash borer-resistant white ash and green ash varietals - Scott A. Merkle; Jennifer L. Koch; A. Ryan Tull; Jessica E. Dassow; David W. Carey; Brittany F. Barnes; Mason W. M. Richins; Paul M. Montello; Kira R. Eidle; Logan T. House; Daniel A. Herms; Kamal J. K. Gandhi (New Forests, 2023)

Improving landslide inventories by combining satellite interferometry and landscape analysis: the case of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain) - Cristina Reyes-Carmona; Jorge Pedro Galve; José Vicente Pérez-Peña; Marcos Moreno-Sánchez; David Alfonso-Jorde; Daniel Ballesteros; Davide Torre; José Miguel Azañón; Rosa María Mateos (Landslides, 2023)
An updated and complete landslide inventory is the starting point for an appropriate hazard assessment. This paper presents an improvement for landslide mapping by integrating data from two well-consolidated techniques: Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and Landscape Analysis through the normalised channel steepness index ( k sn ). The southwestern sector of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southern Spain) was selected as the case study. We first propose the double normalised steepness ( k snn ) index, derived from the k sn index, to remove the active tectonics signal. The obtained k snn anomalies (or knickzones) along rivers and the unstable ground areas from the DInSAR analysis rapidly highlighted the slopes of interest. Thus, we provided a new inventory of 28 landslides that implies an increase in the area affected by landslides compared with the previous mapping: 33.5% in the present study vs. 14.5% in the Spanish Land Movements Database. The two main typologies of identified landslides are Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DGSDs) and rockslides, with the prevalence of large DGSDs in Sierra Nevada being first revealed in this work. We also demonstrate that the combination of DInSAR and Landscape Analysis could overcome the limitations of each method for landslide detection. They also supported us in dealing with difficulties in recognising this type of landslides due to their poorly defined boundaries, a homogeneous lithology and the imprint of glacial and periglacial processes. Finally, a preliminary hazard perspective of these landslides was outlined.

OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support - Josh Moore; Daniela Basurto-Lozada; Sébastien Besson; John Bogovic; Jordão Bragantini; Eva M. Brown; Jean-Marie Burel; Xavier Casas Moreno; Gustavo de Medeiros; Erin E. Diel; David Gault; Satrajit S. Ghosh; et al. (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2023)
A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself—OME-Zarr—along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process. The current momentum offers an opportunity to unify a key component of the bioimaging domain—the file format that underlies so many personal, institutional, and global data management and analysis tasks.

Comparison of Resting-State EEG Network Analyses With and Without Parallel MRI in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy - Daniel van de Velden; Christina Stier; Raviteja Kotikalapudi; Ev-Christin Heide; David Garnica-Agudelo; Niels K. Focke (Brain Topography, 2023)
Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is conceptualized as a brain disorder involving distributed bilateral networks. To study these networks, simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements can be used. However, inside-MRI EEG suffers from strong MR-related artifacts; it is not established whether EEG-based metrics in EEG-fMRI resting-state measurements are suitable for the analysis of group differences at source-level. We evaluated the impact of the inside-MR measurement condition on statistical group comparisons of EEG on source-level power and functional connectivity in patients with GGE versus healthy controls. We studied the cross-modal spatial relation of statistical group differences in seed-based FC derived from EEG and parallel fMRI. We found a significant increase in power and a frequency-specific change in functional connectivity for the inside MR-scanner compared to the outside MR-scanner condition. For power, we found reduced group difference between GGE and controls both in terms of statistical significance as well as effect size. Group differences for ImCoh remained similar both in terms of statistical significance as well as effect size. We found increased seed-based FC for GGE patients from the thalamus to the precuneus cortex region in fMRI, and in the theta band of simultaneous EEG. Our findings suggest that the analysis of EEG functional connectivity based on ImCoh is suitable for MR-EEG, and that relative group difference in a comparison of patients with GGE against controls are preserved. Spatial correspondence of seed-based FC group differences between the two modalities was found for the thalamus.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin in water using ternary photocatalysts TiO2/SnO2/g-C3N4 under UV, visible, and solar light - Gonzalo Alejandro Escareño-Torres; José Alfonso Pinedo-Escobar; David Alejandro De Haro-Del Río; Patricia Becerra-Castañeda; Daniel G. Araiza; Horacio Inchaurregui-Méndez; Cristina Jared Carrillo-Martínez; Luis Mario González-Rodríguez (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

In vitro ovicidal effect of p-coumaric acid from Acacia bilimekii aerial parts against Haemonchus contortus - Jorge A. Cortes-Morales; Alejandro Zamilpa; David O. Salinas-Sánchez; Manasés González-Cortazar; Daniel Tapia-Maruri; Pedro Mendoza-de Gives; Juan M. Rivas-González; Agustín Olmedo-Juárez (Veterinary Parasitology, 2023)

Quantification of wetland vegetation communities features with airborne AVIRIS-NG, UAVSAR, and UAV LiDAR data in Peace-Athabasca Delta - Chao Wang; Tamlin M. Pavelsky; Ethan D. Kyzivat; Fenix Garcia-Tigreros; Erika Podest; Fangfang Yao; Xiao Yang; Shuai Zhang; Conghe Song; Theodore Langhorst; Wayana Dolan; Martin R. Kurek; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The EnMAP imaging spectroscopy mission towards operations - Tobias Storch; Hans-Peter Honold; Sabine Chabrillat; Martin Habermeyer; Paul Tucker; Maximilian Brell; Andreas Ohndorf; Katrin Wirth; Matthias Betz; Michael Kuchler; Helmut Mühle; Emiliano Carmona; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Glyphosate-based herbicide: Impacts, detection, and removal strategies in environmental samples - Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi; Damilola Olayinka Akamo; Esther Ebunoluwa Oluwasanmi; Joseph Adebanjo; Busayo Adefolaju Isafiade; Taiwo John Ogunbiyi; Yakubu Adekunle Alli; David Temitope Ayodele; Peter Olusakin Oladoye (Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2023)

Range-wide population assessments for subalpine fir indicate widespread disturbance-driven decline - Daniel L. Perret; David M. Bell; Andrew N. Gray; John D. Shaw; Harold S.J. Zald (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Understanding drivers of mercury in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a top-predator fish in southwest Alaska's parklands - Krista K. Bartz; Michael P. Hannam; Tammy L. Wilson; Ryan F. Lepak; Jacob M. Ogorek; Daniel B. Young; Collin A. Eagles-Smith; David P. Krabbenhoft (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

An innovative approach to assess the limitations of characterizing solar gains in buildings: A Spanish case study - David Bienvenido-Huertas; Daniel Sánchez-García; Blanca Tejedor; Carlos Rubio-Bellido (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Fluid evolution from extension to compression in the Pyrenean Fold Belt and Basque-Cantabrian Basin: A review - David Cruset; Jaume Vergés; Daniel Muñoz-López; Mar Moragas; Irene Cantarero; Anna Travé (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval - Xavier Delclòs; Enrique Peñalver; Eduardo Barrón; David Peris; David A. Grimaldi; Michael Holz; Conrad C. Labandeira; Erin E. Saupe; Christopher R. Scotese; Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer; Sergio Álvarez-Parra; Antonio Arillo; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to? - Sabina Burrascano; Francesco Chianucci; Giovanni Trentanovi; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Tommaso Sitzia; Flóra Tinya; Inken Doerfler; Yoan Paillet; Thomas Andrew Nagel; Bozena Mitic; Lourdes Morillas; Silvana Munzi; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Animals evoking fear in the Cradle of Humankind: snakes, scorpions, and large carnivores - Daniel Frynta; Hassan Sh Abdirahman Elmi; Kateřina Rexová; Markéta Janovcová; Veronika Rudolfová; Iveta Štolhoferová; David Král; David Sommer; Daniel Alex Berti; Petra Frýdlová (The Science of Nature, 2023)
Theories explain the presence of fears and specific phobias elicited by animals in contemporary WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations by their evolutionary past in Africa. Nevertheless, empirical data about fears of animals in the Cradle of Humankind are still fragmentary. To fill this gap, we examined which local animals are perceived as the most frightening by Somali people, who inhabit a markedly similar environment and the region where humans have evolved. We asked 236 raters to rank 42 stimuli according to their elicited fear. The stimuli were standardized pictures of species representing the local fauna. The results showed that the most frightening animals were snakes, scorpions, the centipede, and large carnivores (cheetahs and hyenas). These were followed up by lizards and spiders. Unlike in Europe, spiders represent less salient stimuli than scorpions for Somali respondents in this study. This conforms to the hypothesis suggesting that fear of spiders was extended or redirected from other chelicerates.

The living infinite: Envisioning futures for transformed human-nature relationships on the high seas - Laura M. Pereira; Guillermo Ortuño Crespo; Diva J. Amon; Renuka Badhe; Salomão Bandeira; Frida Bengtsson; Miranda Boettcher; Gabrielle Carmine; William W.L. Cheung; Bwalya Chibwe; Daniel Dunn; Maria A. Gasalla; et al. (Marine Policy, 2023)

Evaluation of a refugia-based strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes on weight gain and fecal egg counts in naturally infected stocker calves administered combination anthelmintics - Kaylee Kipp; Daniel B. Cummings; Dan Goehl; H.H. Wade; John M. Davidson; David Renter; Guilherme G. Verocai; Lea Rash (Veterinary Parasitology, 2023)

Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran - Rouhullah Dehghani; Seyed Mostafa Monzavi; Omid Mehrpour; Farshad M. Shirazi; Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam; Daniel E. Keyler; Wolfgang Wüster; Alexander Westerström; David A. Warrell (Toxicon, 2023)

Influence of local scale and oceanic teleconnections on regional fire danger and wildfire trends - Flavio Justino; David H. Bromwich; Sheng-Hung Wang; Daniel Althoff; Vanucia Schumacher; Alex da Silva (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Multiple-biomarkers show the importance of blue carbon to commercially important fishery species - Daniel Gorman; David J. Beale; Joey Crosswell; Sarah A. Stephenson; Rohan M. Shah; Katie E. Hillyer; Andrew D.L. Steven (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Cocoa production, farmlands, and the galamsey: Examining current and emerging trends in the ASM-agriculture nexus - Daniel Siaw; George Ofosu; David Sarpong (Journal of Rural Studies, 2023)

Determination of the fuel composition during operation to optimise the combustion behaviour - Antje David; Daniel Bernhardt; Michael Beckmann; Anna Krein; Stefan Vodegel (Fuel, 2023)

Bird communities reveal the ecological value of non-native Norway spruce plantations in Massachusetts, USA - Calvin Ritter; David I. King; Stephen DeStefano; Daniel Clark (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Cyclic behaviour of CLT shear wall hold-down connections using mixed angle self-tapping screws - Thomas Wright; Minghao Li; Daniel Moroder; Hyungsuk Lim; David Carradine (Engineering Structures, 2023)

Structural model choices regularly overshadow parametric uncertainty in agent-based simulations of household flood risk outcomes - Jim Yoon; Heng Wan; Brent Daniel; Vivek Srikrishnan; David Judi (Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2023)

Animal population decline and recovery after severe fire: Relating ecological and life history traits with expert estimates of population impacts from the Australian 2019-20 megafires - Michelle Ensbey; Sarah Legge; Chris J. Jolly; Stephen T. Garnett; Rachael V. Gallagher; Mark Lintermans; Dale G. Nimmo; Libby Rumpff; Ben C. Scheele; Nick S. Whiterod; John C.Z. Woinarski; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Application of somatic embryogenesis for development of emerald ash borer-resistant white ash and green ash varietals - Scott A. Merkle; Jennifer L. Koch; A. Ryan Tull; Jessica E. Dassow; David W. Carey; Brittany F. Barnes; Mason W. M. Richins; Paul M. Montello; Kira R. Eidle; Logan T. House; Daniel A. Herms; Kamal J.K. Gandhi (New Forests, 2023)

Early life thymectomy induces arterial dysfunction in mice - David J. Buckley; Sunita Sharma; Blessy Joseph; Alia H. Fayyaz; Alexandra Canizales; Konner J. Terrebonne; Daniel W. Trott (GeroScience, 2023)

Unzipping supercontinent Pangea: Geologic, potential field data, and buried structures, and a case for sequential Atlantic opening - Aaron G. Stubblefield; Robert D. Hatcher; J. Wright Horton; David L. Daniels (Tectonophysics, 2023)

Occurrence and limited zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Balantioides coli infections in free-ranging and farmed wild ungulates in Spain - Alejandro Dashti; Pamela C. Köster; Begoña Bailo; Ana Sánchez de las Matas; Miguel Ángel Habela; Antonio Rivero-Juarez; Joaquín Vicente; Emmanuel Serrano; Maria C. Arnal; Daniel Fernández de Luco; Patrocinio Morrondo; José A. Armenteros; et al. (Research in Veterinary Science, 2023)

Synsedimentary slump folding: Examples and consequences of an under-recognized process in epicratonic basins - David A. Ferrill; Kevin J. Smart; Daniel J. Lehrmann; Alan P. Morris; Ronald N. McGinnis (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Carbon footprint assessment of a wood multi-residential building considering biogenic carbon - Claudiane M. Ouellet-Plamondon; Livia Ramseier; Maria Balouktsi; Laetitia Delem; Greg Foliente; Nicolas Francart; Antonio Garcia-Martinez; Endrit Hoxha; Thomas Lützkendorf; Freja Nygaard Rasmussen; Bruno Peuportier; Jarred Butler; et al. (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Performance and microbial analysis of a fluidized bed membrane bioreactor operated in the partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) mode for polishing anaerobically treated effluent to industrial discharge standard - Araya Thongsai; Santhana Krishnan; Pongsak (Lek) Noophan; David Gabriel; Daniel González; Sumate Chaiprapat (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023)

Site-level estimates of Douglas-fir foliage retention from climate, soil, and topographic variables - Douglas B. Mainwaring; Gabriela Ritóková; David C. Shaw; Rachel K. Brooks; Daniel W. Omdal (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Geographic and taxonomic variation in adaptive capacity among mountain-dwelling small mammals: Implications for conservation status and actions - Erik A. Beever; Jennifer L. Wilkening; Peter D. Billman; Lindsey L. Thurman; Kristina A. Ernest; David H. Wright; Alisha M. Gill; April C. Craighead; Nolan A. Helmstetter; Leona K. Svancara; Meghan J. Camp; Sabuj Bhattacharyya; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian fisheries production, research organisations and assessment: shocks, responses and implications for decision support and resilience - Emily M. Ogier; David C. Smith; Sian Breen; Caleb Gardner; Daniel J. Gaughan; Harry K. Gorfine; Alistair J. Hobday; Natalie Moltschaniwskyj; Ryan Murphy; Thor Saunders; Mike Steer; James Woodhams (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)
Australia’s fisheries have experience in responding individually to specific shocks to stock levels (for example, marine heatwaves, floods) and markets (for example, global financial crisis, food safety access barriers). The COVID-19 pandemic was, however, novel in triggering a series of systemic shocks and disruptions to the activities and operating conditions for all Australia’s commercial fisheries sectors including those of the research agencies that provide the information needed for their sustainable management. While these disruptions have a single root cause—the public health impacts and containment responses to the COVID-19 pandemic—their transmission and effects have been varied. We examine both the impacts on Australian fisheries triggered by measures introduced by governments both internationally and domestically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and the countermeasures introduced to support continuity in fisheries and aquaculture production and supply chains. Impacts on fisheries production are identified by comparing annual and monthly catch data for Australia’s commercial fisheries in 2020 with averages for the last 4–5 years. We combine this with a survey of the short-term disruption to and impacts on research organisations engaged in fisheries monitoring and assessment and the adaptive measures they deployed. The dominant impact identified was triggered by containment measures both within Australia and in export receiving countries which led to loss of export markets and domestic dine-in markets for live or fresh seafood. The most heavily impact fisheries included lobster and abalone (exported live) and specific finfishes (exported fresh or sold live domestically), which experienced short-term reductions in both production and price. At the same time, improved prices and demand for seafood sold into domestic retail channels were observed. The impacts observed were both a function of the disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the countermeasures and support programs introduced by various national and state-level governments across Australia to at least partly mitigate negative impacts on harvesting activities and supply chains. These included protecting fisheries activities from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures, pro-actively re-establishing freight links, supporting quota roll-overs, and introducing wage and businesses support packages. Fisheries research organisations were impacted to various degrees, largely determined by the extent to which their field monitoring activities were protected from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures by their state-level governments. Responses of these organisations included reducing fisheries dependent and independent data collection as required while developing strategies to continue to provide assessment services, including opportunistic innovations to harvest data from new data sources. Observed short run impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has emphasised both the vulnerability of fisheries dependent on export markets, live or fresh markets, and long supply chains and the resilience of fisheries research programs. We suggest that further and more comprehensive analysis over a longer time period of the long-run impacts of subsequent waves of variants, extended pandemic containment measures, autonomous and planned adaptive responses would be beneficial for the development of more effective counter measures for when the next major external shock affects Australian fisheries.

Textural and geochemical evidence for two-stage mineralisation at the Kamoa-Kakula Cu deposits, Central African Copperbelt - Elizabeth C. Turner; Quinn Dabros; David W. Broughton; Daniel J. Kontak (Mineralium Deposita, 2023)

Exploring the Perceived Educational Impact of COVID-19 on Postgraduate Training in Oncology - Eleni Giannopoulos; Ankit Agarwal; Jennifer Croke; Daniel W. Golden; Ariel E. Hirsch; Rachel B. Jimenez; Nauman H. Malik; Janet Papadakos; Naa Kwarley Quartey; Diana Samoil; Che Hsuan David Wu; Paris-Ann Ingledew; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

Genomic evidence for three distinct species in the Erebia manto complex in Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - Amanda Jospin; Yannick Chittaro; Daniel Bolt; David Demergès; Kevin Gurcel; Jürgen Hensle; Andreas Sanchez; Christophe Praz; Kay Lucek (Conservation Genetics, 2023)
A problem to implement conservation strategies is that in many cases recognized taxa are in fact complexes of several cryptic species. Failure to properly delineate species may lead to misplaced priorities or to inadequate conservation measures. One such species complex is the yellow-spotted ringlet Erebia manto , which comprises several phenotypically distinct lineages, whose degree of genomic isolation has so far not been assessed. Some of these lineages are geographically restricted and thus possibly represent distinct units with conservation priorities. Using several thousand nuclear genomic markers, we evaluated to which degree the bubastis lineage from the Alps and the vogesiaca lineage from the Vosges, are genetically isolated from the widespread manto lineage. Our results suggest that both lineages are genetically as strongly differentiated from manto as other taxonomically well separated sibling species in this genus from each other, supporting a delineation of bubastis and vogesiaca as independent species. Given the restricted and isolated range of vogesiaca as well as the disjunct distribution of bubastis, our findings have significant implication for future conservation efforts on these formerly cryptic species and highlight the need to investigate the genomic identity within species complexes.

The Use of Collagen Methacrylate in Actuating Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate–Acrylic Acid Scaffolds for Muscle Regeneration - Yoliem S. Miranda Alarcón; Dorota Jazwinska; Terrence Lymon; Amin Khalili; Daniel Browe; Brandon Newton; Michael Pellegrini; Rick I. Cohen; David I. Shreiber; Joseph W. Freeman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)

Age, growth and maturity of the yellow stingray ( Urobatis jamaicensis ), a biannually reproductive tropical batoid - Jessica J. Schieber; Daniel P. Fahy; John K. Carlson; David W. Kerstetter (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
Urobatis jamaicensis is a coastal batoid species affected by habitat loss and small‐scale exploitation from fisheries and the aquarium trade, yet the life‐history information available is limited. This is the first study to assess the vertebral centra from 195 stingrays to estimate age and growth patterns, and compare them with the biannual reproductive pattern previously reported for this species. Age‐at‐size data were compared using five different growth models and found a two‐parameter von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), the Gompertz model and a modified VBGF fit best for males, females and sexes combined, respectively. Maturity was achieved before 1 year. However, growth did not cease with the onset of maturity, but instead slowed down. Results from marginal increment analysis and edge analysis indicated a nonannual somatic growth pattern with influences from the biannual reproduction cycle where peaks in resource allocation may be focused on ovulation rather than growth during March when larger brood sizes are present, while resources may be allocated more towards growth during August and September when brood sizes are generally smaller. These results may be used as a proxy for species with similar reproductive patterns or for those that lack annual or seasonal growth patterns.

Damage to living trees contributes to almost half of the biomass losses in tropical forests - Daniel Zuleta; Gabriel Arellano; Sean M. McMahon; Salomón Aguilar; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Nicolas Castaño; Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang; Alvaro Duque; David Mitre; Musalmah Nasardin; Rolando Pérez; I‐Fang Sun; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Accurate estimates of forest biomass stocks and fluxes are needed to quantify global carbon budgets and assess the response of forests to climate change. However, most forest inventories consider tree mortality as the only aboveground biomass (AGB) loss without accounting for losses via damage to living trees: branchfall, trunk breakage, and wood decay. Here, we use ~151,000 annual records of tree survival and structural completeness to compare AGB loss via damage to living trees to total AGB loss (mortality + damage) in seven tropical forests widely distributed across environmental conditions. We find that 42% (3.62 Mg ha −1 year −1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36–5.25) of total AGB loss (8.72 Mg ha −1 year −1 ; CI 5.57–12.86) is due to damage to living trees. Total AGB loss was highly variable among forests, but these differences were mainly caused by site variability in damage‐related AGB losses rather than by mortality‐related AGB losses. We show that conventional forest inventories overestimate stand‐level AGB stocks by 4% (1%–17% range across forests) because assume structurally complete trees, underestimate total AGB loss by 29% (6%–57% range across forests) due to overlooked damage‐related AGB losses, and overestimate AGB loss via mortality by 22% (7%–80% range across forests) because of the assumption that trees are undamaged before dying. Our results indicate that forest carbon fluxes are higher than previously thought. Damage on living trees is an underappreciated component of the forest carbon cycle that is likely to become even more important as the frequency and severity of forest disturbances increase.

Probability of Atlantic Salmon Post-Smolts Encountering a Tidal Turbine Installation in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy - Brian G. Sanderson; Richard H. Karsten; Cameron C. Solda; David C. Hardie; Daniel J. Hasselman (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
Tidal stream energy is a renewable energy resource that might be developed to offset carbon emissions. A tidal energy demonstration (TED) area has been designated in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, for testing and installing marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines. Regulations require quantification of the potential for MHK turbine installations to harm local populations of marine animals. Here, we use acoustic telemetry to quantify the probability that post-smolt inner Bay of Fundy salmon encounter a turbine installation at the TED area. Previous work has quantified the detection efficiency of Innovasea HR acoustic tags as a function of the current speed and range from a moored HR2 receiver and also demonstrated that drifters carrying HR tags will be effectively detected when the drifter track crosses the array of HR2 receivers in Minas Passage. Salmon smolts were tagged and released in Gaspereau and Stewiacke Rivers, Nova Scotia, in order that the HR2 receiver array could monitor seaward migration of the post-smolts through Minas Passage and particularly through the TED area. Presently, we formulate and apply a method by which tag signals detected by the HR2 array can be used to estimate the expected number of times that a post-smolt would encounter a single near-surface MHK turbine installation during its seaward migration.

Deep-sea benthic megafauna hotspot shows indication of resilience to impact from massive turbidity flow - Katharine T. Bigham; Ashley A. Rowden; David A. Bowden; Daniel Leduc; Arne Pallentin; Caroline Chin; Joshu J. Mountjoy; Scott D. Nodder; Alan R. Orpin (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Sediment density flows are large scale disturbances that can have dramatic impacts on seafloor animal communities in the deep sea. Seafloor imagery collected in Kaikōura Canyon (New Zealand), before and after a sediment density flow event that included debris and turbidity flows triggered by a 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake, shows the recovery trajectory of the animal community in the canyon head in the weeks, months, and years following the disturbance. The canyon community appears resilient to this event, with models estimating full recovery within a minimum of 4.5–5.1 years and as long as 12 years. The implications of the resilience of this deep-sea community are discussed in the context of the local marine protected area, the surrounding fishery, and global seabed mining.

The offshore renewables industry may be better served by new bespoke design guidelines than by automatic adoption of recommended practices developed for oil and gas infrastructure: A recommendation illustrated by subsea cable design - Terry Griffiths; Scott Draper; Liang Cheng; Hongwei An; Marie-Lise Schläppy; Antonino Fogliani; David White; Stuart Noble; Daniel Coles; Fraser Johnson; Bryan Thurstan; Yunfei Teng (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Introduction There is an emerging need for the offshore renewable industry to have their own bespoke design guidelines because the associated projects and offshore facilities differ in fundamental ways to oil and gas facilities. Offshore renewable energy (ORE) facilities have already surpassed the numbers of installed facilities in the oil and gas industry by an order of magnitude and demand is forecast to continue growing exponentially. In addition ORE facilities often have different response characteristics and limit states or failure modes as well as profoundly different risk and consequence profiles given they are generally uncrewed and do not contain explosive hydrocarbon fluids which might be released into the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to advocate for licensing bodies and regulators (such as the various national PEL 114 committees) to challenge the process of automatic adoption of oil and gas design processes, while pushing for offshore renewables to be treated differently, when appropriate, with more relevant and applicable guidance. Methods To support this argument we present new bespoke design guidance developed for subsea cables based on specific modes of cable behaviour, which often differ from pipelines. We also show worked examples from recent project experience. The results from on-bottom stability analyses of a set of cables are compared between conventional oil and gas guidance following DNV-RP-F109 versus the stability using cable-optimised approaches. Results The outcomes from the ‘conventional’ oil and gas results are not simply biased compared to cable-optimised design methods, with a trend of being either conservative or unconservative. Instead, the results of the two methods are very poorly correlated. This shows that the oil and gas approach isn't simply biased when applied to cables, but is instead unreliable because it doesn't capture the underlying failure conditions. These analytical comparisons are supported by field observation - the ocean doesn't lie, and makes short work of any anthropogenic structures which are designed with inadequate appreciation of the real world conditions. Discussion To support the rapid growth of ORE, we should therefore actively pursue opportunities to rewrite the design rules and standards, so that they better support the specific requirements of ORE infrastructure, rather than legacy oil and gas structures. With more appropriate design practices, we can accelerate the roll out of ORE to meet net zero, and mitigate the climate crisis.

Importance of relative binding of bisphenol A and bisphenol S to plasma proteins for predicting their in vivo potencies - Véronique Gayrard; Catherine Viguie; Nicolas Cabaton; Elodie Person; Daniel Zalko; Flore Grandin; Alain Berrebi; David Metsu; Pierre-Louis Toutain; Nicole Picard-Hagen (Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2023)

The Asymmetric Response Concept explains ecological consequences of multiple stressor exposure and release - Matthijs Vos; Daniel Hering; Mark O. Gessner; Florian Leese; Ralf B. Schäfer; Ralph Tollrian; Jens Boenigk; Peter Haase; Rainer Meckenstock; Daria Baikova; Helena Bayat; Arne Beermann; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Networking the forest infrastructure towards near real-time monitoring – A white paper - Roman Zweifel; Christoforos Pappas; Richard L. Peters; Flurin Babst; Daniel Balanzategui; David Basler; Ana Bastos; Mirela Beloiu; Nina Buchmann; Arun K. Bose; Sabine Braun; Alexander Damm; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Chemistry of soil and foliage in declining sugar maple stands over 13 years of nitrogen addition - Jean-David Moore; Daniel Houle (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Completing the TRB family: newly characterized members show ancient evolutionary origins and distinct localization, yet similar interactions - Alžbeta Kusová; Lenka Steinbachová; Tereza Přerovská; Lenka Záveská Drábková; Jan Paleček; Ahamed Khan; Gabriela Rigóová; Zuzana Gadiou; Claire Jourdain; Tino Stricker; Daniel Schubert; David Honys; et al. (Plant Molecular Biology, 2023)
Telomere repeat binding proteins (TRBs) belong to a family of proteins possessing a Myb-like domain which binds to telomeric repeats. Three members of this family (TRB1, TRB2, TRB3) from Arabidopsis thaliana have already been described as associated with terminal telomeric repeats (telomeres) or short interstitial telomeric repeats in gene promoters ( telo -boxes). They are also known to interact with several protein complexes: telomerase, Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) E(z) subunits and the PEAT complex (PWOs-EPCRs-ARIDs-TRBs). Here we characterize two novel members of the TRB family (TRB4 and TRB5). Our wide phylogenetic analyses have shown that TRB proteins evolved in the plant kingdom after the transition to a terrestrial habitat in Streptophyta, and consequently TRBs diversified in seed plants. TRB4-5 share common TRB motifs while differing in several others and seem to have an earlier phylogenetic origin than TRB1-3. Their common Myb-like domains bind long arrays of telomeric repeats in vitro, and we have determined the minimal recognition motif of all TRBs as one telo -box. Our data indicate that despite the distinct localization patterns of TRB1-3 and TRB4-5 in situ, all members of TRB family mutually interact and also bind to telomerase/PRC2/PEAT complexes. Additionally, we have detected novel interactions between TRB4-5 and EMF2 and VRN2, which are Su(z)12 subunits of PRC2.

A Systematic Review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football - Alexander B. T. McAuley; David C. Hughes; Loukia G. Tsaprouni; Ian Varley; Bruce Suraci; Thomas R. Roos; Adam J. Herbert; Daniel T. Jackson; Adam L. Kelly (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2023)
Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to date. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE databases until March 11th 2022 identified 34 studies. Inclusion criteria: primary investigations, included football players, examined the association of a genetic variant with injury, and were published in English. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis summarised results. Results There were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study, with 9642 participants across all studies (range = 43–1311; median = 227). Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 genes. Forty-one polymorphisms were associated with injury once. Three polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts: ACTN3 (rs1815739) XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries, ACAN (rs1516797) G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and VEGFA (rs2010963) CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACL and ligament or tendon injuries. However, several methodological issues (e.g., small sample sizes, cohort heterogeneity, and population stratification) are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of findings. Conclusion At present, the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is weak. Future participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

Semi-natural habitats on organic strawberry farms and in surrounding landscapes promote bird biodiversity and pest control potential - Karina Garcia; Elissa M. Olimpi; Leithen M’Gonigle; Daniel S. Karp; Erin E. Wilson-Rankin; Claire Kremen; David J. Gonthier (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Children's interaction with ecosystem services in a mangrove forest: Perceptions of fisherfolks on the involvement of minors in fishing activities in the Gulf of Fonseca in Honduras - Isidro Maya Jariego; Daniel Holgado; Andrea Cecilia Castillo; David Florido del Corral; Sílvia Gòmez Mestres (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023)

Optimising sustainability: Circular pathways for Scotch Whisky distillery co-products - Colm Duffy; David Styles; Isabel Schestak; Kenneth Macgregor; Frances Jack; Daniel Henn; Kirsty Black; Pietro P.M. Iannetta (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Varying response of breeding waders to experimental manipulation of their habitat and predators - David J.T. Douglas; Irena Tománková; Philippa Gullett; Stephen G. Dodd; Daniel Brown; Martin Clift; Norrie Russell; Neal Warnock; Jennifer Smart; Sarah Sanders (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Linking wood-decay fungal communities to decay rates: Using a long-term experimental manipulation of deadwood and canopy gaps - Lili Perreault; Jodi A. Forrester; Daniel L. Lindner; Michelle A. Jusino; Shawn Fraver; Mark T. Banik; David J. Mladenoff (Fungal Ecology, 2023)

Extending the use of adaptive thermal comfort to air-conditioning: The case study of a local Japanese comfort model in present and future scenarios - Daniel Sánchez-García; David Bienvenido-Huertas; Jesús A. Pulido-Arcas; Carlos Rubio-Bellido (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Is the analysis scale crucial to assess energy poverty? analysis of yearly and monthly assessments using the 2 M indicator in the south of Spain - David Bienvenido-Huertas; Daniel Sánchez-García; David Marín-García; Carlos Rubio-Bellido (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project - Emily E. Bray; David A. Raichlen; Kiersten K. Forsyth; Daniel E. L. Promislow; Gene E. Alexander; Evan L. MacLean; Joshua M. Akey; Brooke Benton; Elhanan Borenstein; Marta G. Castelhano; Amanda E. Coleman; Kate E. Creevy; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

First record of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Ghana, a potential risk to livestock production - Seth Offei Addo; Ronald Essah Bentil; Bernice Olivia Ama Baako; Charlotte Adwoa Addae; John Asiedu Larbi; Philip Kweku Baidoo; Michael David Wilson; Victor Asoala; Daniel Oduro; Suzanne Mate; Joseph W. Diclaro II; Samuel K. Dadzie (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2023)

The short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus is a corallivore too - John K. Keesing; Nick Mortimer; Logan Hellmrich; Daniel Godoy; Russell C. Babcock; Andrew Heyward; David Paton; Euan S. Harvey (Coral Reefs, 2023)
The short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus inhabits deeper water soft bottom habitats, in contrast to the more infamous Indo-Pacific Acanthaster species complex of which population outbreaks have been responsible for widespread coral mortality throughout the Indo-West Pacific region. Acanthaster brevispinus has not previously been regarded as a threat to corals or coral reefs. Here, we report A. brevispinus occurring on mesophotic off-reef or inter-reef habitats in 20–70-m depths dominated by solitary corals off both the western and eastern coasts of Australia. On Ningaloo Reef, A. brevispinus were found on mushroom coral ( Cycloseris distorta ) beds using an underwater towed camera and further exploration using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) confirmed predation by A. brevispinus on C. distorta . On the southern Great Barrier Reef, A. brevispinus in large numbers were found in habitat dominated by the dendrophylliid Heteropsammia cf. cochlea. Predation on H. cf. cochlea was also directly observed. This is the first confirmed report of predation on hard corals by A. brevispinus, and while there are yet to be any records of population outbreaks of this species, such outbreaks could have a significant effect on mesophotic solitary coral assemblages.

Aneurysm Neck Overestimation has a Relatively Modest Impact on Simulated Hemodynamics - Daniel E. MacDonald; Nicole M. Cancelliere; Vitor M. Pereira; David A. Steinman (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2023)

Lime slurry treatment of soils developing on abandoned coal mine spoil: Linking contaminant transport from the micrometer to pedon-scale - Daniel L. Wood; Kortney A. Cole; Elizabeth M. Herndon; David M. Singer (Applied Geochemistry, 2023)

The ichthyofaunistic colonization and complex biogeographic history of the southern portion of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean - Daniel E. Figueroa; Santiago A. Barbini; Mauro Belleggia; David E. Sabadin; Jorge M. Román; Agustín M. De Wysiecki (Marine Ecology, 2023)
Here, we highlight the geological processes that resulted in the current conformation of the southern Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and explore the heterogeneous composition of the marine ichthyofauna found between 33° and 56° from a paleobiological perspective. During the early Cretaceous (140 Mya), the South Atlantic was still not formed, and Gondwana was probably a set of united plates with shallow continental waters. In the middle Cretaceous (112 Mya), the major Gondwanan plates started diverging from each other, allowing shallow marine intrusions and the diversification of an endemic fish fauna. By the end of the Mesozoic (66 Mya), the proto‐South Atlantic connected with the North Atlantic, which was still part of the Tethys Sea, allowing its ichthyofauna to colonize the south and reach the Antarctic region. The opening of the Drake Passage in the Oligocene (33 Mya) enabled the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean to reach the South Atlantic, causing drastic effects on the thermophilic fauna and favoring the dispersion of cold‐water species. Successive glaciations during the Quaternary (2 Myr to 10,000 years ago) resulted in the prevalence of Antarctic climatic conditions in the southern Southwest Atlantic. The long history of changing scenarios in the constitution of the southern Southwest Atlantic is reflected in the heterogeneous composition of the marine ichthyofauna between 33° and 56°S, which is characterized by a mixture of cosmopolitan, Tethyan, Pacific, Gondwanan, Antarctic, and endemic origins.

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle - Daniel T. C. Cox; David J. Baker; Alexandra S. Gardner; Kevin J. Gaston (Journal of Biogeography, 2023)
Aim Organisms primarily influence ecosystems through their functional traits when they are physically active. Following the nocturnal bottleneck, the expansion of mammals into the daytime expanded mammalian functional diversity (FD), however there is also notable overlap in trait space across diel niches leading to redundant FD. We explore how the unique and redundant contribution of each diel niche varies spatially and in relation to natural variation in light and temperature. Location Global. Taxon Extant mammals. Methods Based on five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet breadth, foraging strata, habitat breadth) for 5033 extant terrestrial mammals, we determine biogeographical variation in nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral and diurnal FD. We calculate the proportion of mammalian FD that is unique to each diel niche, and the proportion that is redundant across the daily cycle. Results The diversification of mammals into the daytime resulted in the creation of new FD (28.5% of FD is not nocturnal; Lower Quartile 17.3%; Upper Quartile 38.2%). Most of this expansion occurred at higher latitudes where uniquely cathemeral FD dominates (>55°N, 41.1% of mammalian FD; Lower Quartile 33.3%, Upper Quartile 53.6%), associated with fewer hours of biologically useful moonlight and daylight. Where there are more hours of biologically useful daylight, unique diurnal FD is common. However, more than half of non‐nocturnal FD is redundant, increasing ecosystem stability as different species carry out similar functions at different times of day, and suggesting that many mammals have not diversified far from their nocturnal ancestors. Main conclusions Over much of the land surface more than a half of FD only occurs at night, underscoring the importance of nocturnal mammals for ecosystems. Understanding diel variation in FD not only informs on community structure and ecosystem function but also on ecosystem functional persistence in the Anthropocene, with pressures at night being particularly concerning.

A surplus no more? Variation in krill availability impacts reproductive rates of Antarctic baleen whales - Logan J. Pallin; Nick M. Kellar; Debbie Steel; Natalia Botero‐Acosta; C. Scott Baker; Jack A. Conroy; Daniel P. Costa; Chris M. Johnson; David W. Johnston; Ross C. Nichols; Doug P. Nowacek; Andrew J. Read; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
The krill surplus hypothesis of unlimited prey resources available for Antarctic predators due to commercial whaling in the 20th century has remained largely untested since the 1970s. Rapid warming of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the past 50 years has resulted in decreased seasonal ice cover and a reduction of krill. The latter is being exacerbated by a commercial krill fishery in the region. Despite this, humpback whale populations have increased but may be at a threshold for growth based on these human‐induced changes. Understanding how climate‐mediated variation in prey availability influences humpback whale population dynamics is critical for focused management and conservation actions. Using an 8‐year dataset (2013–2020), we show that inter‐annual humpback whale pregnancy rates, as determined from skin‐blubber biopsy samples ( n = 616), are positively correlated with krill availability and fluctuations in ice cover in the previous year. Pregnancy rates showed significant inter‐annual variability, between 29% and 86%. Our results indicate that krill availability is in fact limiting and affecting reproductive rates, in contrast to the krill surplus hypothesis. This suggests that this population of humpback whales may be at a threshold for population growth due to prey limitations. As a result, continued warming and increased fishing along the WAP, which continue to reduce krill stocks, will likely impact this humpback whale population and other krill predators in the region. Humpback whales are sentinel species of ecosystem health, and changes in pregnancy rates can provide quantifiable signals of the impact of environmental change at the population level. Our findings must be considered paramount in developing new and more restrictive conservation and management plans for the Antarctic marine ecosystem and minimizing the negative impacts of human activities in the region.

Electrochemical degradation and mineralisation of organic dyes in aqueous nitrate solutions - Daniel K. Sarfo; Arshdeep Kaur; David L. Marshall; Anthony P. O'Mullane (Chemosphere, 2023)

Breaking up sitting with short frequent or long infrequent physical activity breaks does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite-regulating hormones or energy intake - Benjamin D. Maylor; Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer; David J. Stensel; Charlie J. Orton; Daniel P. Bailey (Appetite, 2023)

Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp. nov., a remarkably well-preserved fossil species with in situ spores from the Miocene of Australia - David J. Cantrill; Daniel Ohlsen; Matthew R. McCurry; Michael Frese (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2023)

Evaluation of the fish acute toxicity test for pesticide registration - Patricia Ceger; David Allen; Amy Blankinship; Neepa Choksi; Amber Daniel; William P. Eckel; Jon Hamm; D. Ethan Harwood; Tamara Johnson; Nicole Kleinstreuer; Catherine S. Sprankle; James Truax; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

The Cretaceous (early Albian to early Campanian) biostratigraphy and palaeotemperature reconstruction of the eastern Tethys: Calcareous nannofossil evidence from southern Tibet, China - Yi Zhang; Xuan Liu; David K. Watkins; Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno; Hanwei Yao; Kaibo Han; Huifang Guo; Shuaipeng Zhu; Xi Chen (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)

Testing the potential of drowned shore platforms as sea level proxies in a temperate, microtidal environment: Victoria, Australia - Rhiannon Bezore; David M. Kennedy; Daniel Ierodiaconou (Marine Geology, 2023)

Phylogenomics of Anguis and Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) indicates Balkan-Apennine mitochondrial capture associated with the Messinian event - Václav Gvoždík; Tadeáš Nečas; Daniel Jablonski; Emily Moriarty Lemmon; Alan R. Lemmon; David Jandzik; Jiří Moravec (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Inflammatory profiles, gut microbiome, and kidney function are impacted after high-fidelity firefighter training - Madelyn C. Houser; Daniel J. Smith; David Rhodes; Judith L. Glick-Smith; Phillip Chovan; Erin Ferranti; Sandra B. Dunbar; Malú G. Tansey; Vicki Hertzberg; Valerie V. Mac (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2023)

Petrological, petrophysical and petrothermal study of a folded sedimentary succession: the Oliana anticline (Southern Pyrenees), outcrop analogue of a geothermal reservoir - Pedro Ramirez-Perez; Irene Cantarero; Gabriel Cofrade; Daniel Muñoz-López; David Cruset; Jean-Pierre Sizun; Anna Travé (Global and Planetary Change, 2023)

In vitro and in vivo biotransformation of glucosinolates from mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) by lactic acid bacteria - Ana Aguilar-Galvez; Diego García-Ríos; Daniel Ramírez-Guzmán; Johana Lindo; Rosana Chirinos; Romina Pedreschi; David Campos (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Extremely rapid, Lagrangian modeling of 2D flooding: A rivulet-based approach - W. Brent Daniel; Corinne Roth; Xue Li; Cindy Rakowski; Tim McPherson; David Judi (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2023)

Remote sensing for cost-effective blue carbon accounting - Martino E. Malerba; Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa; Daniel A. Friess; Lukas Schuster; Mary A. Young; David Lagomasino; Oscar Serrano; Sharyn M. Hickey; Paul H. York; Michael Rasheed; Jonathan S. Lefcheck; Ben Radford; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Why are adaptive facades not widely used in practice? Identifying ecological and economical benefits with life cycle assessment - David Borschewski; Michael P. Voigt; Stefan Albrecht; Daniel Roth; Matthias Kreimeyer; Philip Leistner (Building and Environment, 2023)

Genome-wide association studies reveal novel loci for resistance to groundnut rosette disease in the African core groundnut collection - Esther Achola; Peter Wasswa; Daniel Fonceka; Josh Paul Clevenger; Prasad Bajaj; Peggy Ozias-Akins; Jean-François Rami; Carl Michael Deom; David A. Hoisington; Richard Edema; Damaris Achieng Odeny; David Kalule Okello (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023)
Key message We identified markers associated with GRD resistance after screening an Africa-wide core collection across three seasons in Uganda Abstract Groundnut is cultivated in several African countries where it is a major source of food, feed and income. One of the major constraints to groundnut production in Africa is groundnut rosette disease (GRD), which is caused by a complex of three agents: groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus, groundnut rosette umbravirus and its satellite RNA. Despite several years of breeding for GRD resistance, the genetics of the disease is not fully understood. The objective of the current study was to use the African core collection to establish the level of genetic variation in their response to GRD, and to map genomic regions responsible for the observed resistance. The African groundnut core genotypes were screened across two GRD hotspot locations in Uganda (Nakabango and Serere) for 3 seasons. The Area Under Disease Progress Curve combined with 7523 high quality SNPs were analyzed to establish marker-trait associations (MTAs). Genome-Wide Association Studies based on Enriched Compressed Mixed Linear Model detected 32 MTAs at Nakabango: 21 on chromosome A04, 10 on B04 and 1 on B08. Two of the significant markers were localised on the exons of a putative TIR-NBS-LRR disease resistance gene on chromosome A04. Our results suggest the likely involvement of major genes in the resistance to GRD but will need to be further validated with more comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic datasets. The markers identified in the current study will be developed into routine assays and validated for future genomics-assisted selection for GRD resistance in groundnut.

Strategies for mitigating N2O and N2 emissions from an intensive sugarcane cropping system - Johannes Friedl; Daniel Warner; Weijin Wang; David W. Rowlings; Peter R. Grace; Clemens Scheer (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2023)
In sugarcane cropping systems, high rates of N fertiliser are typically applied as sub-surface bands creating localised zones of high mineral N concentrations. This in combination with high levels of crop residue (trash) retention and a warm and humid climate creates conditions that are known to promote soil denitrification, resulting in high emissions of the potent greenhouse gas N 2 O. These losses illustrate inefficient use of N fertilisers but total denitrification losses in the form of N 2 and N 2 O remain largely unknown. We used the 15 N gas flux method to investigate the effect of cane trash removal and the use of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N 2 and N 2 O emissions on a commercial sugarcane farm at Bundaberg, Australia. High gaseous N losses were observed under the standard grower practice where cane trash retention and N fertiliser application (145 kg N ha −1 as urea) resulted in N 2 and N 2 O emissions (36.1 kg N ha −1 ) from the subsurface N fertiliser band, with more than 50% of these losses emitted as N 2 O. Cane trash removal reduced N 2 emission by 34% and N 2 O emission by 51%, but had no effect on the N 2 O/(N 2 + N 2 O) ratio. The use of DMPP lowered N 2 and N 2 O emission by 35% and 98%, respectively, reducing the percentage of these losses (N 2 + N 2 O) emitted as N 2 O to only 4%. We conclude that the use of DMPP is an effective strategy to reduce N losses, minimise N 2 O emissions, while keeping the benefits of cane trash retention in sugarcane cropping systems.

Evidence of phenotypic plasticity in Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758) from morphological analyses on North Sea specimens and DNA barcoding of the genus Alloteuthis Wülker, 1920 across its latitudinal range - Edel Sheerin; Anne Marie Power; Daniel Oesterwind; David Haak; Esther Abad; Leigh Barnwall; Michael Petroni; Ignacio Sobrino; Julio Valeiras; A. Louise Allcock (Marine Biology, 2023)
Despite being landed in commercial cephalopod fisheries, species of Alloteuthis are not yet well defined, with A. subulata and A. media often confused. DNA barcoding combined with morphometric analyses has begun to clarify the distinction between these two morphologically similar species but has been limited in its geographic coverage to date. Herein, we provide DNA barcodes for 228 specimens collected from Guinea Bissau in the south, up the Atlantic coast, to the Irish shelf and North Sea. Employing species delimitation analyses, and with comparison to the literature, we identified 24 individuals of A. africana, 66 individuals of A. subulata and 138 individuals of A. media . We confirm that A. media has the northernmost distribution and is the only species identified by DNA sequencing from the Irish shelf and North Sea. We analysed morphometric measures and indices from 388 individuals from the North Sea, a subset of which ( n = 58) were barcoded. The most useful traits for identification were tail length as a percentage of dorsal mantle length, and largest club sucker width as a percentage of head width. By comparison to other published data, we determined that A. media phenotypes vary substantially across the geographic range of this species. This partly explains the difficulties in morphological identification and suggests regional identification guides may be required in support of fisheries management. Interregional analyses suggest character displacement may occur where species co-exist.

Earliest Vallesian suid remains from Creu de Conill 20 (Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula) - Sharrah McKenzie; Leonardo Sorbelli; Marco Cherin; Sergio Almécija; Marta Pina; Juan Abella; Àngel H. Luján; Daniel DeMiguel; David M. Alba (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2023)

Impact of extreme climatic events on unionid mussels in a subtropical river basin - Alison A. Tarter; David F. Ford; Daniel E. Symonds; Neil B. Ford; Astrid N. Schwalb (Hydrobiologia, 2023)

Use of electrical resistivity tomography to reveal the shallow freshwater–saline interface in The Fens coastal groundwater, eastern England (UK) - Mitchell Moulds; Iain Gould; Isobel Wright; David Webster; Daniel Magnone (Hydrogeology Journal, 2023)
The Fens is a region that contributes 11% of the agri-food economy from just 4% of the agricultural land covering England (UK). This region is vulnerable to soil salinisation from sea-level rise with estimated 100-year flood events projected to be observed up to every 2 years by 2100. Seawater intrusion and upwelling of saline groundwater can provide an additional pathway; however, the area’s groundwater has not been assessed and the risk is unknown. This study used data from the British Geological Survey’s stratigraphic core archive to produce the first stratigraphic map of the loosely consolidated Holocene deposits in the South Holland–Holbeach Marsh region. There is a sandy unconfined aquifer towards the coast, a semiconfined central region with a silty cap and a clay confining cap in the north region. Electrical resistivity tomography data indicate water level depths of 0.58 ± 0.37 m above mean sea level (msl) in February 2021 and 0.01 ± 0.72 m msl in August 2021. The saline–freshwater boundary was at 1.70 ± 0.82 m msl in February 2021, deepening to 2.00 ± 1.02 m msl in August 2021, but the only evidence of seasonal fluctuation was within 10 km of the coast. A potential, but unverified, freshwater lens up to 3.25 m thick may exist beneath the surface. These results suggest that freshwater–saline interface fluctuations may primarily be driven by surface hydrology and would be vulnerable to climate-change-induced future variations in factors that affect surface water.

Full and Partial Mid-substance ACL Rupture Using Mechanical Tibial Displacement in Male and Female Mice - Ariel E. Timkovich; Katie J. Sikes; Kendra M. Andrie; Maryam F. Afzali; Joseph Sanford; Kimberli Fernandez; David Joseph Burnett; Emma Hurley; Tyler Daniel; Natalie J. Serkova; Tammy Haut Donahue; Kelly S. Santangelo (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)

The impacts of a global pandemic on the efficacy and stability of contemporary wildlife conservation: South Africa as a case study - David A. Ehlers Smith; Yvette C. Ehlers Smith; Harriet T. Davies-Mostert; Lindy J. Thompson; Daniel M. Parker; Deon de Villiers; Dean Ricketts; Brent Coverdale; Peter J. Roberts; Christopher Kelly; Duncan N. Macfadyen; Nomthandazo S. Manqele; et al. (Ambio, 2023)
Conservationists speculated on potential benefits to wildlife of lockdown restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic but voiced concern that restrictions impeded nature conservation. We assessed the effects of lockdown restrictions on biodiversity conservation in South Africa, a biodiverse country with economic inequality and reliance on wildlife resources. We solicited expert opinion using the IUCN’s Threats Classification Scheme to structure a questionnaire and illustrated responses with individual case studies from government parastatal and non-governmental conservation organisations. The most highly reported threats were biological resource use, residential/commercial developments, invasive species, and human intrusions. The trends reported by 90 survey respondents were supported by case studies using environmental compliance data from parastatal conservation organisations. Lack of tourism revenue and funding were cited as hindrances to conservation. Mechanisms to prevent environmental degradation in the face of global emergencies must be implemented and ‘ring-fenced’ to ensure conservation is not a casualty during future global crises.

Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture - Nicholas A. Robinson; Diego Robledo; Lene Sveen; Rose Ruiz Daniels; Aleksei Krasnov; Andrew Coates; Ye Hwa Jin; Luke T. Barrett; Marie Lillehammer; Anne H. Kettunen; Ben L. Phillips; Tim Dempster; et al. (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2023)
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and reduce the disease burden. We draw on two pressing global disease problems as case studies—sea lice infestations in salmonids and white spot syndrome in shrimp. We review how the latest genetic technologies can be capitalised upon to determine the mechanisms underlying inter‐ and intra‐species variation in pathogen/parasite resistance, and how the derived knowledge could be applied to boost disease resistance using selective breeding, gene editing and/or with targeted feed treatments and vaccines. Gene editing brings novel opportunities, but also implementation and dissemination challenges, and necessitates new protocols to integrate the technology into aquaculture breeding programmes. There is also an ongoing need to minimise risks of disease agents evolving to overcome genetic improvements to host resistance, and insights from epidemiological and evolutionary models of pathogen infestation in wild and cultured host populations are explored. Ethical issues around the different approaches for achieving genetic resistance are discussed. Application of genetic technologies and approaches has potential to improve fundamental knowledge of mechanisms affecting genetic resistance and provide effective pathways for implementation that could lead to more resistant aquaculture stocks, transforming global aquaculture.

Aerosolized aqueous dust extracts collected near a drying lake trigger acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation reminiscent of microbial innate immune ligands - Trevor A. Biddle; Keziyah Yisrael; Ryan Drover; Qi Li; Mia R. Maltz; Talyssa M. Topacio; Jasmine Yu; Diana Del Castillo; Daniel Gonzales; Hannah L. Freund; Mark P. Swenson; Malia L. Shapiro; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Oceanographic exchanges between the Southern and Northern Atlantic during the Cenozoic inferred from mixed contourite-turbidite systems in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin - Daniel P.V. Alves; Vittorio Maselli; David Iacopini; Adriano R. Viana; Luigi Jovane (Marine Geology, 2023)

Leaching of phthalate acid esters from plastic mulch films and their degradation in response to UV irradiation and contrasting soil conditions - Samantha J. Viljoen; Francesca L. Brailsford; Daniel V. Murphy; Frances C. Hoyle; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Occurrence, sources, and spatial variation of POPs in a mountainous tropical drinking water supply basin by passive sampling - Daniel Gil Ramírez; Jhon Fredy Narváez Valderrama; Carlos Alberto Palacio Tobón; Juan José García; Juan David Echeverri; Jaromír Sobotka; Branislav Vrana (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Investing in nature-based solutions: Cost profiles of collective-action watershed investment programs - Shiteng Kang; Timm Kroeger; Daniel Shemie; Marta Echavarria; Tamara Montalvo; Leah L. Bremer; Genevieve Bennett; Samuel Roiphe Barreto; Henrique Bracale; Claudia Calero; Aldo Cardenas; Julián Cardona; et al. (Ecosystem Services, 2023)

Active breeding seabirds prospect alternative breeding colonies - Jelena Kralj; Aurore Ponchon; Daniel Oro; Barbara Amadesi; Juan Arizaga; Nicola Baccetti; Thierry Boulinier; Jacopo G. Cecere; Robin M. Corcoran; Anna-Marie Corman; Leonie Enners; Abram Fleishman; et al. (Oecologia, 2023)

Active movement to coarse grained sediments by globally endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) - Felix Eissenhauer; Felix Grunicke; Annekatrin Wagner; Daniel Linke; David Kneis; Markus Weitere; Thomas U. Berendonk (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is an endangered bivalve which is usually regarded as sedentary, although individual movement has been observed both vertically and horizontally. Little is known about the causes and rates of mussel movement. The objective of this study was to test the effect of microhabitat characteristics on the horizontal movement distance and rates of freshwater pearl mussels. A total of 120 mussels (length range 40–59 mm) were marked individually with passive integrated transponder tags, placed in stream microhabitats differing in their sediment composition and monitored biweekly over a period of 10 weeks. Mussels situated in sand-dominated habitats had a significantly higher mean movement rate (3.2 ± 4.2 cm/day, mean ± SD) than mussels situated in gravel-dominated (1.9 ± 2.7 cm/day) or stone-dominated habitats (1.8 ± 3.2 cm/day). The direction of the movements appeared random; however, an emigration from sandy habitats was observed, probably to avoid dislodgment from these hydraulically unstable habitats. This study demonstrates that freshwater pearl mussels can actively emigrate from unsuitable microhabitats. Once suitable streams with respect to physical, chemical, and biological quality were identified, it is therefore only necessary to identify suitable mesohabitats (area of 10–30 m 2 ) when reintroducing or relocating mussels.

RecruitNet : A global database of plant recruitment networks - Miguel Verdú; Jose L. Garrido; Julio M. Alcántara; Alicia Montesinos‐Navarro; Salomón Aguilar; Marcelo A. Aizen; Ali A. Al‐Namazi; Mohamed Alifriqui; David Allen; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Cristina Armas; Jesús M. Bastida; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
Plant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community‐level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants (“canopy species”) and plants in their early stages of recruitment (“recruit species”). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy‐Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy‐recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country, locality, responsible author, sampling dates, sampling method, and life habits of both canopy and recruit species are provided. This database will allow researchers to test ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary hypotheses related to plant recruitment interactions. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications.

A new set of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness equations are associated with cognitive performance in older adults - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Flor Abril Molina-Guzmán; Jesús Alfredo Sáenz-Carrasco; Javier J. Gonzalez-Rosa; Kirk I. Erickson; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; David Jiménez-Pavón (GeroScience, 2023)
This study aimed to develop new equations to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness specifically for older adults and, secondly, to analyze the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, both objectively measured and estimated using new equations, with cognitive performance. Ninety-two older adults (41 females, 65–75 years) from baseline data of a randomized controlled trial were analyzed (“ClinicalTrials.gov” Identifier: NCT03923712). Participants completed 4 measurement sessions including (i) physiological and health indicators in a laboratory setting, (ii) field-based fitness tests, (iii) sociodemographic and physical activity questionnaires, and (iv) a battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive performance. The main findings were as follows: (i) a set of new equations with good predictive value for estimated cardiorespiratory fitness were developed (74–87%), using different scenarios of complexity and/or equipment requirements, and (ii) higher estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, even using its simplest equation (eCRF = − 1261.99 + 1.97 × 6 min walking test (m) + 1.12 × bioimpedance basal metabolic rate (kcal/day) + 5.25 × basal heart rate (bpm)), was associated with better cognitive performance evaluated by several neuropsychological tests (i.e., language, cognitive flexibility, fluency, attention, and working memory), similar to using objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. In summary, a new set of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness equations have been developed with predictive values ranging from 74 to 87% that could be used based on necessity, availability of equipment, resources, or measurement context. Moreover, similar to objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness, this measure of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with performance on language, fluency, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory, independently of sex, age, and education level.

Mining and sustainable development in the Asutifi North District, Ghana - David Anaafo; Ricky Yao Nutsugbodo; Daniel Adusu (Resources Policy, 2023)

Mitochondria and light: An overview of the pathways triggered in skin and retina with incident infrared radiation - Daniel Arranz-Paraíso; Yolanda Sola; David Baeza-Moyano; Marta Benítez-Martínez; Sofía Melero-Tur; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano (Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2023)

Economic and environmental analysis of plastics pyrolysis after secondary sortation of mixed plastic waste - Daniel G. Kulas; Ali Zolghadr; Utkarsh S. Chaudhari; David R. Shonnard (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

The interactive effect of river bank morphology and daytime on downstream displacement and stranding of cyprinid larvae in hydropeaking conditions - Daniel S. Hayes; Stefan Auer; Elora Fauchery; David Graf; Thomas Hasler; Daniel Mameri; Stefan Schmutz; Simon Führer (Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 2023)

Landscape metrics regularly outperform other traditionally-used ancillary datasets in dasymetric mapping of population - Heng Wan; Jim Yoon; Vivek Srikrishnan; Brent Daniel; David Judi (Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2023)

The role of biochar and zeolite in enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus recovery: A sustainable manure management technology - Chumki Banik; Santanu Bakshi; Daniel S. Andersen; David A. Laird; Ryan G. Smith; Robert C. Brown (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Vulnerable Waters are Essential to Watershed Resilience - Charles R. Lane; Irena F. Creed; Heather E. Golden; Scott G. Leibowitz; David M. Mushet; Mark C. Rains; Qiusheng Wu; Ellen D’Amico; Laurie C. Alexander; Genevieve A. Ali; Nandita B. Basu; Micah G. Bennett; et al. (Ecosystems, 2023)
Watershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.

Preparation of entrapment-based microcolumns for analysis of drug-humic acid interactions by high-performance affinity chromatography - Sazia Iftekhar; Saumen Poddar; Madeleine Rauhauser; Daniel D. Snow; David S. Hage (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2023)

Automatic recorders monitor wolves at rendezvous sites: do wolves adjust howling to live near humans? - Vicente Palacios; Bárbara Martí-Domken; Shannon M. Barber-Meyer; Bilal Habib; José Vicente López-Bao; Douglas W. Smith; Daniel R. Stahler; Víctor Sazatornil; Emilio José García; L. David Mech (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)

Antifungal synergistic effects and anti-biofilm formation activities of some bioactive 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepine derivatives - Felix Odame; David Neglo; Daniel Sedohia; Richmond Arthur (Archives of Microbiology, 2023)

Monitoring Algal Blooms with Complementary Sensors on Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales - David Williamson; Glaucia Fragoso; Sanna Majaneva; Alberto Dallolio; Daniel Halvorsen; Oliver Hasler; Adriënne Oudijk; Dennis Langer; Tor Johansen; Geir Johnsen; Annette Stahl; Martin Ludvigsen; et al. (Oceanography, 2023)
Climate change, and other human-induced impacts, are severely increasing the intensity and occurrences of algal blooms in coastal regions (IPCC, 2022). Ocean warming, marine heatwaves, and eutrophication promote suitable conditions for rapid phytoplankton growth and biomass accumulation. An increase in such primary producers provides food for marine organisms, and phytoplankton play an important global role in fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide and producing much of the oxygen we breathe. But harmful algal blooms (HABs) can also form, and they may adversely affect the ecosystem by reducing oxygen availability in the water, releasing toxic substances, clogging fish gills, and diminishing biodiversity. Understanding, forecasting, and ultimately mitigating HAB events could reduce their impact on wild fish populations, help aquaculture producers avoid losses, and facilitate a healthy ocean.

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates - Diego F. Correa; Pablo R. Stevenson; Maria Natalia Umaña; Luiz de Souza Coelho; Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho; Rafael P. Salomão; Iêda Leão do Amaral; Florian Wittmann; Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos; Carolina V. Castilho; Oliver L. Phillips; Juan Ernesto Guevara; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Aim To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser‐availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource‐availability hypothesis). Time period Tree‐inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree‐inventory plots across terra‐firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance‐weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra‐firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions The disperser‐availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types.

Climate change and commercial fishing practices codetermine survival of a long‐lived seabird - Daniel Gibson; Thomas V. Riecke; Daniel H. Catlin; Kelsi L. Hunt; Chelsea E. Weithman; David N. Koons; Sarah M. Karpanty; James D. Fraser (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Understanding the environmental mechanisms that govern population change is a fundamental objective in ecology. Although the determination of how top‐down and bottom‐up drivers affect demography is important, it is often equally critical to understand the extent to which, environmental conditions that underpin these drivers fluctuate across time. For example, associations between climate and both food availability and predation risk may suggest the presence of trophic interactions that may influence inferences made from patterns in ecological data. Analytical tools have been developed to account for these correlations, while providing opportunities to ask novel questions regarding how populations change across space and time. Here, we combine two modeling disciplines—path analysis and mark‐recapture‐recovery models—to explore whether shifts in sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) influenced top‐down (entanglement in fishing equipment) or bottom‐up (forage fish production) population constraints over 60 years, and the extent to which these covarying processes shaped the survival of a long‐lived seabird, the Royal tern. We found that hemispheric trends in SST were associated with variation in the amount of fish harvested along the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Caribbean, whereas reductions in forage fish production were mostly driven by shifts in the amount of fish harvested by commercial fisheries throughout the North Atlantic the year prior. Although the indirect (i.e., stock depletion) and direct (i.e., entanglement) impacts of commercial fishing on Royal tern mortality has declined over the last 60 years, increased SSTs during this time period has resulted in a comparable increase in mortality risk, which disproportionately impacted the survival of the youngest age‐classes of Royal terns. Given climate projections for the North Atlantic, our results indicate that threats to Royal tern population persistence in the Mid‐Atlantic will most likely be driven by failures to recruit juveniles into the breeding population.

A new hybrid species of Stenocactus (Cactaceae) from the Bajío region, Mexico - Pedro González-Zamora; David Aquino; Daniel Sánchez (Brittonia, 2022)

Two canonically aerobic foraminifera express distinct peroxisomal and mitochondrial metabolisms - Christopher Powers; Fatma Gomaa; Elizabeth B. Billings; Daniel R. Utter; David J. Beaudoin; Virginia P. Edgcomb; Colleen M. Hansel; Scott D. Wankel; Helena L. Filipsson; Ying Zhang; Joan M. Bernhard (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Certain benthic foraminifera thrive in marine sediments with low or undetectable oxygen. Potential survival avenues used by these supposedly aerobic protists include fermentation and anaerobic respiration, although details on their adaptive mechanisms remain elusive. To better understand the metabolic versatility of foraminifera, we studied two benthic species that thrive in oxygen-depleted marine sediments. Here we detail, via transcriptomics and metatranscriptomics, differential gene expression of Nonionella stella and Bolivina argentea , collected from Santa Barbara Basin, California, USA, in response to varied oxygenation and chemical amendments. Organelle-specific metabolic reconstructions revealed these two species utilize adaptable mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism. N. stella , most abundant in anoxia and characterized by lack of food vacuoles and abundance of intracellular lipid droplets, was predicted to couple the putative peroxisomal beta-oxidation and glyoxylate cycle with a versatile electron transport system and a partial TCA cycle. In contrast, B. argentea , most abundant in hypoxia and contains food vacuoles, was predicted to utilize the putative peroxisomal gluconeogenesis and a full TCA cycle but lacks the expression of key beta-oxidation and glyoxylate cycle genes. These metabolic adaptations likely confer ecological success while encountering deoxygenation and expand our understanding of metabolic modifications and interactions between mitochondria and peroxisomes in protists.

Comparison of effects of a single dose of MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID with three commercial porcine vaccine associations against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on piglet growth during the nursery period under field conditions - Ainhoa Puig; Ignacio Bernal; David Sabaté; Isaac Ballarà; Jordi Montané; Lorena Nodar; Daniel Angelats; Ramon Jordà (Veterinary Research Communications, 2022)
Pigs routinely undergo stressful vaccination procedures, which are often unavoidable given the unavailability of safer alternatives, challenging animal welfare. The available vaccines for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) or Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are mostly administered intramuscularly in association to prevent Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID is the first vaccine protecting from both agents by intradermal route. This randomized, blind-field trial aimed to compare the effects of MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID with those of three different intramuscular associations of commercially available vaccines. A total of 7072 21-day-old piglets from 12 consecutive batches in one farm were randomly vaccinated with MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID (G1) or Ingelvac CircoFLEX® + Hyogen® (G2), Porcilis® PCV + M + PAC® (G3), and Porcilis® PCV + Hyogen® (G4). Growth performance during the nursery period and adverse reactions (ARs) after vaccine administration were monitored. Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) during the first 7 days post-weaning in G1 was 10.92, 3.03, and 20.08 g/day higher than in G2, G3, and G4, respectively, and 0.65, 4.06, and 9.58 g/day higher than in G2, G3, and G4 during the entire nursery period, respectively. G1 ADWG was significantly higher than G4 during both periods and significantly higher than G2 during the first 7 days post-weaning. Incidence of systemic ARs in G2 and G4 was 0.03% and 0.32%, respectively; none were recorded in G1 and G3. Replacing the usual intramuscular vaccination with MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID results in higher growth performance during the first weeks after weaning with no systemic ARs.

Substitution of fish meal with Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): effects on growth, nutrient assimilation, and nitrogen turnover rates - Oscar Daniel García-Pérez; Rosa María Sanchez-Casas; Gustavo Moreno-Degollado; Carlos Alberto García Munguía; David Villarreal-Cavazos; Julián Gamboa-Delgado (Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022)

Use of oral fluid samples for the investigation of outbreaks of human parvovirus B19 infection - Daiana Lima Almada; Arthur Daniel Rocha Alves; Luciane Almeida Amado Leon; Débora Familiar Rodrigues Macedo; Solange Artimos de Oliveira; Marilda Mendonça Siqueira; David Brown; Rita de Cássia Nasser Cubel Garcia (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2022)

A science-based policy for managing free-roaming cats - Christopher A. Lepczyk; David C. Duffy; David M. Bird; Michael Calver; Dmitry Cherkassky; Linda Cherkassky; Christopher R. Dickman; David Hunter; David Jessup; Travis Longcore; Scott R. Loss; Kerrie Anne T. Loyd; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2022)

2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Martina Bandte; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Éric Bergeron; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on farmer decisions to adopt acacia best management practices in Gunungkidul, Indonesia - Murni Po; David J. Pannell; Iain Walker; Fiona Dempster; Sorada Tapsuwan; Daniel S. Mendham; Eko B. Hardiyanto; Gunawan Wibisono; Silvi Nur Oktalina (Agroforestry Systems, 2022)

A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates - Anna Zimin; Sean V. Zimin; Richard Shine; Luciano Avila; Aaron Bauer; Monika Böhm; Rafe Brown; Goni Barki; Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira Caetano; Fernando Castro Herrera; David G. Chapple; Laurent Chirio; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Viviparity has evolved more times in squamates than in any other vertebrate group; therefore, squamates offer an excellent model system in which to study the patterns, drivers and implications of reproductive mode evolution. Based on current species distributions, we examined three selective forces hypothesized to drive the evolution of squamate viviparity (cold climate, variable climate and hypoxic conditions) and tested whether viviparity is associated with larger body size. Location Global. Time period Present day. Taxon Squamata. Methods We compiled a dataset of 9061 squamate species, including their distributions, elevation, climate, body mass and reproductive modes. We applied species‐level and assemblage‐level approaches for predicting reproductive mode, both globally and within biogeographical realms. We tested the relationships of temperature, interannual and intra‐annual climatic variation, elevation (as a proxy for hypoxic conditions) and body mass with reproductive mode, using path analyses to account for correlations among the environmental predictors. Results Viviparity was strongly associated with cold climates at both species and assemblage levels, despite the prevalence of viviparity in some warm climates. Viviparity was not clearly correlated with climatic variability or elevation. The probability of being viviparous exhibited a weak positive correlation with body size. Conclusions Although phylogenetic history is important, potentially explaining the occurrence of viviparous species in regions that are warm at present, current global squamate distribution is characterized by a higher relative abundance of viviparity in cold environments, supporting the prediction of the “cold‐climate” hypothesis. The roles of climatic variation and hypoxia are less important and not straightforward. Elevation probably exerts various selective pressures and influences the prevalence of viviparity primarily through its effect on temperature rather than on oxygen concentration.

Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models - Mats Mahnken; Maxime Cailleret; Alessio Collalti; Carlo Trotta; Corrado Biondo; Ettore D'Andrea; Daniela Dalmonech; Gina Marano; Annikki Mäkelä; Francesco Minunno; Mikko Peltoniemi; Volodymyr Trotsiuk; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Forest models are instrumental for understanding and projecting the impact of climate change on forests. A considerable number of forest models have been developed in the last decades. However, few systematic and comprehensive model comparisons have been performed in Europe that combine an evaluation of modelled carbon and water fluxes and forest structure. We evaluate 13 widely used, state‐of‐the‐art, stand‐scale forest models against field measurements of forest structure and eddy‐covariance data of carbon and water fluxes over multiple decades across an environmental gradient at nine typical European forest stands. We test the models' performance in three dimensions: accuracy of local predictions (agreement of modelled and observed annual data), realism of environmental responses (agreement of modelled and observed responses of daily gross primary productivity to temperature, radiation and vapour pressure deficit) and general applicability (proportion of European tree species covered). We find that multiple models are available that excel according to our three dimensions of model performance. For the accuracy of local predictions, variables related to forest structure have lower random and systematic errors than annual carbon and water flux variables. Moreover, the multi‐model ensemble mean provided overall more realistic daily productivity responses to environmental drivers across all sites than any single individual model. The general applicability of the models is high, as almost all models are currently able to cover Europe's common tree species. We show that forest models complement each other in their response to environmental drivers and that there are several cases in which individual models outperform the model ensemble. Our framework provides a first step to capturing essential differences between forest models that go beyond the most commonly used accuracy of predictions. Overall, this study provides a point of reference for future model work aimed at predicting climate impacts and supporting climate mitigation and adaptation measures in forests.

Uterine fibroid polygenic risk score (PRS) associates and predicts risk for uterine fibroid - Jacqueline A. Piekos; Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Yanfei Zhang; Eric S. Torstenson; Gail P. Jarvik; Ozan Dikilitas; Iftikhar J. Kullo; Daniel J. Schaid; David R. Crosslin; Sarah A. Pendergrass; Ming Ta Michael Lee; Dan Roden; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)

Broad‐scale eDNA sampling for describing aquatic species distributions in running waters: Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in the upper Snake River, USA - Michael K. Young; Daniel J. Isaak; David Nagel; Dona L. Horan; Kellie J. Carim; Thomas W. Franklin; Victoria A. Zeller; Brett Roper; Michael K. Schwartz (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
One of the most fundamental yet challenging tasks for aquatic ecologists is to precisely delineate the range of species, particularly those that are broadly distributed, require specialized sampling methods, and may be simultaneously declining and increasing in different portions of their range. An exemplar is the Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus , a jawless anadromous fish of conservation concern that is actively managed in many coastal basins in western North America. To efficiently determine its distribution across the accessible 56,168 km of the upper Snake River basin in the north‐western United States, we first delimited potential habitat by using predictions from a species distribution model based on conventionally collected historical data and from the distribution of a potential surrogate, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , which yielded a potential habitat network of 10,615 km. Within this area, we conducted a two‐stage environmental DNA survey involving 394 new samples and 187 archived samples collected by professional biologists and citizen scientists using a single, standardized method from 2015 to 2021. We estimated that Pacific lamprey occupied 1875 km of lotic habitat in this basin, of which 1444 km may have been influenced by recent translocation efforts. Pacific lamprey DNA was consistently present throughout most river main stems, although detections became weaker or less frequent in the largest and warmest downstream channels and near their headwater extent. Pacific lamprey were detected in nearly all stocked tributaries, but there was no evidence of indigenous populations in such habitats. There was evidence of post‐stocking movement because detections were 1.8–36.0 km upstream from release sites. By crafting a model‐driven spatial sampling template and executing an eDNA‐based sampling campaign led by professionals and volunteers, supplemented by previously collected samples, we established a benchmark for understanding the current range of Pacific lamprey across a large portion of its range in the interior Columbia River basin. This approach could be tailored to refine range estimates for other wide‐ranging aquatic species of conservation concern.

Age and Sexual Maturity Estimation of Stranded Striped Dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, Infected with Brucella ceti - Karol Roca-Monge; Rocío González-Barrientos; Marcela Suárez-Esquivel; José David Palacios-Alfaro; Laura Castro-Ramírez; Mauricio Jiménez-Soto; Minor Cordero-Chavarría; Daniel García-Párraga; Ashley Barratclough; Edgardo Moreno; Gabriela Hernández-Mora (Oceans, 2022)
Age parameters in cetaceans allow examining conservation and studying individuals with growth affection. The age and sexual maturity of 51 stranded Stenella coeruleoalba striped dolphins from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) of Costa Rica, most suffering brucellosis (95.6%), were assessed. In order to ascertain the dolphins’ ages, we measured the length and growth of dentin-layer group counts (GLGs) and assessed flipper bone radiography without (FBSA) and with a formula (FBF). Sexual maturity was determined through gonadal histology and sexual hormone serum levels. Compared with a model based on S. coeruleoalba ages estimations in other latitudes, the striped dolphin studied displayed deficient growth parameters, with considerable variability in length, teeth, and flippers bone development. Close to 43% (n = 15) of GLGs’ measurements were below the body length average ranges for the predicted age, suggesting developmental abnormalities. Likewise, 34.4% and 31.2% of the dolphins assessed by FBSA and FBF were also below the body length based on age prediction curves, also indicating developmental abnormalities. This information is supported by the poor correlation between GLGs, FBSA, and FBF. Inconsistencies between sexually mature males and females related to GLGs, FBSA, and FBF were evident. Although the different oceanic settings of the ETP, such as contamination, food access, diseases, and other parameters, may influence size variation, our data also suggest that long-lasting debilitating brucellosis may account for detrimental growth in the ETP striped dolphins. Our study highlights the possible deleterious consequences of chronic infectious diseases in the cetacean populations already confronting distressful conditions.

Risk Factors, Hyaluronidase Expression, and Clinical Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase PH20, an Enzyme Enabling Subcutaneous Drug Administration - Marie A. Printz; Barry J. Sugarman; Rudolph D. Paladini; Michael C. Jorge; Yan Wang; David W. Kang; Daniel C. Maneval; Michael J. LaBarre (The AAPS Journal, 2022)
Multiple FDA-approved and clinical-development stage therapeutics include recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20) to facilitate subcutaneous administration. As rHuPH20-reactive antibodies potentially interact with endogenous PH20, we investigated rHuPH20 immunogenicity risk through hyaluronidase tissue expression, predicted B cell epitopes, CD4+ T cell stimulation indices and related these to observed clinical immunogenicity profiles from 18 clinical studies. Endogenous hyaluronidase PH20 expression in humans/mice was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR, and deep RNA-Seq. rHuPH20 potential T cell epitopes were evaluated in silico and confirmed in vitro . Potential B cell epitopes were predicted for rHuPH20 sequence in silico , and binding of polyclonal antibodies from various species tested on a rHuPH20 peptide microarray. Clinical immunogenicity data were collected from 2643 subjects. From 57 human adult and fetal tissues previously screened by RT-PCR, 22 tissue types were analyzed by deep RNA-Seq. Hyaluronidase PH20 messenger RNA expression was detected in adult human testes. In silico analyses of the rHuPH20 sequence revealed nine T cell epitope clusters with immunogenic potential, one cluster was homologous to human leukocyte antigen. rHuPH20 induced T cell activation in 6–10% of peripheral blood mononuclear cell donors. Fifteen epitopes in the rHuPH20 sequence had the potential to cross-react with B cells. The cumulative treatment-induced incidence of anti-rHuPH20 antibodies across clinical studies was 8.8%. Hyaluronidase PH20 expression occurs primarily in adult testes. Low CD4+ T cell activation and B cell cross-reactivity by rHuPH20 suggest weak rHuPH20 immunogenicity potential. Restricted expression patterns of endogenous PH20 indicate low immunogenicity risk of subcutaneous rHuPH20. Graphical abstract

Borderless conservation: Integrating connectivity into high seas conservation efforts for the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges - Ben Boteler; Daniel Wagner; Carole Durussel; Emily Stokes; Carlos F. Gaymer; Alan M. Friedlander; Daniel C. Dunn; Felipe Paredes Vargas; David Veliz; Carolina Hazin (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Connectivity is essential to consider in area-based marine conservation measures because it greatly impacts vital ecological processes (e.g., recycling nutrients, regulating temperature, sequestering carbon, and supporting the life cycle of species). However, it is generally not well studied or integrated into conservation measures, particularly in the Southeast Pacific. This region is home to the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, two adjacent seamount chains that stretch between the Peruvian coast and Rapa Nui (i.e., Easter Island). The area has been recognized for its exceptional natural and cultural significance as well as one of the most important global areas to protect. However, over 73% of the ridges are in areas beyond national jurisdiction, where they are unprotected and under threat. This study provides a synthesis of what we know about connectivity in the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges and provides practical recommendations for integrating this knowledge into conservation and management measures for the region. While data on connectivity is still limited, it should not constrain the development of conservation measures, which should be co-designed and co-developed, leveraging the expertise of international working groups throughout the region. Due to their high rates of endemism, as well as importance as migratory corridors, enacting large-scale conservation measures would address important conservation considerations for both connectivity and endemism. Enacting such large-scale conservation measures would not only elevate the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges as an exemplary case study, providing lessons for other marine regions seeking to implement similar measures, but could also help raise awareness on the severity of externally originating threats like climate change and plastic pollution to global audiences.

Multiscale drivers of amphibian community occupancy in urban ponds - Erin L. Sauer; Jennyffer Cruz; Erin Crone; Catherine Lewis; Ethan Plumier; Blake Cwynar; David Drake; Bradley M. Herrick; Daniel L. Preston (Urban Ecosystems, 2022)

Compartmentalized Actions of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors, PAI-1 and Nsp, in Ischemic Stroke - Daniel Torrente; Enming Joseph Su; Linda Fredriksson; Mark Warnock; David Bushart; Kris M. Mann; Cory D. Emal; Daniel A. Lawrence (Translational Stroke Research, 2022)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry—the 2021 Annual Report - Jennifer S. Love; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; HoanVu Nguyen; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Paul M. Wax; Jeffery Brent; Kim Aldy; Michael Abesamis; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2022)

Radiation Oncology Education Collaborative Study Group Annual Spring Symposium: Initial Impact and Feedback - David M. Rosenberg; Steve E. Braunstein; Emma C. Fields; Erin F. Gillespie; Jillian R. Gunther; Rachel B. Jimenez; Raphael L. Yechieli; Daniel W. Golden (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS) - Jane Molofsky; Daniel S. Park; David M. Richardson; Stephen R. Keller; Brian Beckage; Jennifer R. Mandel; James S. Boatwright; Cang Hui (Evolutionary Ecology, 2022)
The ecological and evolutionary processes that allow alien species to establish and dominate native communities (i.e., become invasive) have been a rich area of research. Past areas of inquiry have included identifying the traits necessary to invade a community and/or determining how phylogenetic relatedness of the introduced species with the resident community can promote invasive success. Yet despite decades of research, little consensus exists about why particular species successfully invade native communities while others do not. Here we develop a conceptual framework for why only certain introduced species become invasive: optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS). We posit that optimal differentiation leading to successful invasion into a community requires that the multi-dimensional trait space of the introduced species exists at the edge of the multi-dimensional trait space of the native community. Species that possess traits that are too different cannot enter the community because of environmental filtering, while species that are too similar will either become integrated into the community but not take over or alternatively never establish. We apply this conceptual framework to species functional traits and discuss how both genetic processes and phylogenetic processes may also result in optimal differentiation to EoTS.

Egg capsules of the multispine skate, Bathyraja multispinis: the largest of the genus recorded in South American waters - Jorge M. Roman; Ezequiel Mabragaña; David E. Sabadin; Luis O. Lucifora; Daniel E. Figueroa; Santiago A. Barbini (Marine Biodiversity, 2022)

Fire‐related threats and transformational change in Australian ecosystems - David A. Keith; Stuart P. Allen; Rachael V. Gallagher; Berin D. E. Mackenzie; Tony D. Auld; Sarah Barrett; Anne Buchan; Valerie English; Carl Gosper; Dave Kelly; Allen McIllwee; Rachel T. Melrose; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Megafire events generate immediate concern for wildlife and human well‐being, but their broader ecological impacts likely extend beyond individual species and single fire events. In the first mechanistic study of fire effects focussed on ecosystems, we aimed to assess the sensitivity and exposure of ecosystems to multiple fire‐related threats, placing impacts in the context of changing fire regimes and their interactions with other threats. Location Southern and eastern Australia. Time period 2019–2020. Major species studied Australian ecosystems. Methods We defined 15 fire‐related threats to ecosystems based on mechanisms associated with: (a) direct effects of fire regime components; (b) interactions between fire and physical environmental processes; (c) effects of fire on biological interactions; and (d) interactions between fire and human activity. We estimated the sensitivity and exposure of a sample of 92 ecosystem types to each threat type based on published relationships and spatial analysis of the 2019–2020 fires. Results Twenty‐nine ecosystem types assessed had more than half of their distribution exposed to one or more threat types, and only three of those were listed as nationally threatened. Three fire‐related threat types posed the most severe threats to large numbers of ecosystem types: high frequency fire; pre‐fire drought; and post‐fire invasive predator activity. The ecosystem types most affected ranged from rain forests to peatlands, and included some, such as sclerophyllous eucalypt forests and heathlands, that are traditionally regarded as fire‐prone and fire‐adapted. Main conclusions Most impacts of the 2019–2020 fires on ecosystems became apparent only when they were placed in the context of the whole fire regime and its interactions with other threatening processes, and were not direct consequences of the megafire event itself. Our mechanistic approach enables ecosystem‐specific management responses for the most threatened ecosystem types to be targeted at underlying causes of degradation and decline.

The conservation impacts of ecological disturbance: Time‐bound estimates of population loss and recovery for fauna affected by the 2019–2020 Australian megafires - Sarah Legge; Libby Rumpff; John C. Z. Woinarski; Nick S. Whiterod; Michelle Ward; Darren G. Southwell; Ben C. Scheele; Dale G. Nimmo; Mark Lintermans; Hayley M. Geyle; Stephen T. Garnett; Brittany Hayward‐Brown; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim After environmental disasters, species with large population losses may need urgent protection to prevent extinction and support recovery. Following the 2019–2020 Australian megafires, we estimated population losses and recovery in fire‐affected fauna, to inform conservation status assessments and management. Location Temperate and subtropical Australia. Time period 2019–2030 and beyond. Major taxa Australian terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates; one invertebrate group. Methods From > 1,050 fire‐affected taxa, we selected 173 whose distributions substantially overlapped the fire extent. We estimated the proportion of each taxon’s distribution affected by fires, using fire severity and aquatic impact mapping, and new distribution mapping. Using expert elicitation informed by evidence of responses to previous wildfires, we estimated local population responses to fires of varying severity. We combined the spatial and elicitation data to estimate overall population loss and recovery trajectories, and thus indicate potential eligibility for listing as threatened, or uplisting, under Australian legislation. Results We estimate that the 2019–2020 Australian megafires caused, or contributed to, population declines that make 70–82 taxa eligible for listing as threatened; and another 21–27 taxa eligible for uplisting. If so‐listed, this represents a 22–26% increase in Australian statutory lists of threatened terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates and spiny crayfish, and uplisting for 8–10% of threatened taxa. Such changes would cause an abrupt worsening of underlying trajectories in vertebrates, as measured by Red List Indices. We predict that 54–88% of 173 assessed taxa will not recover to pre‐fire population size within 10 years/three generations. Main conclusions We suggest the 2019–2020 Australian megafires have worsened the conservation prospects for many species. Of the 91 taxa recommended for listing/uplisting consideration, 84 are now under formal review through national processes. Improving predictions about taxon vulnerability with empirical data on population responses, reducing the likelihood of future catastrophic events and mitigating their impacts on biodiversity, are critical.

Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea - Joaquim Garrabou; Daniel Gómez‐Gras; Alba Medrano; Carlo Cerrano; Massimo Ponti; Robert Schlegel; Nathaniel Bensoussan; Eva Turicchia; Maria Sini; Vasilis Gerovasileiou; Nuria Teixido; Alice Mirasole; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015–2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.

Conditional filamentation as an adaptive trait of bacteria and its ecological significance in soils - David C. Karasz; Anna I. Weaver; Daniel H. Buckley; Roland C. Wilhelm (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID ‐19 pandemic - Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Jose Diaz; Kimberly Todd; Claire Bresnan; Matt Snider; Thomas E. Lee; Jonathan G. Jasper; Brianna Douglas; Anthony P. Crupi; Katherine C. B. Weiss; Helen Rowe; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap‐nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site‐level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Projected climate in coffee-based farming systems: implications for crop suitability in Uganda - Catherine Mulinde; J. G. Mwanjalolo Majaliwa; Revocatus Twinomuhangi; David Mfitumukiza; Daniel Waiswa; Fredrick Tumwine; Edward Kato; Judith Asiimwe; Winfred N. Nakyagaba; David Mukasa (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)

Induction of water repellency by leaves of contrasting Australian native species: effects of composition and heating - Mai T. T. Dao; David J. Henry; Bernard Dell; Nicholas R. R. Daniel; Richard J. Harper (Plant and Soil, 2022)
Aims This study identifies the contribution of leaf matter from individual plant species on water repellency with a focus on the composition of organic compounds and the role of heat in releasing these compounds to soil. Methods Leaf powder from four plant species ( Banksia menziesii , Eucalyptus marginata , Allocasuarina fraseriana , Xanthorrhoea preissii ) was mixed with acid-washed sand (AWS) under a range of temperatures and WR measured. Plant chemical composition was characterized by extraction of leaf powder and GC/MS analysis. Results Increasing concentrations of plant powder mixed with AWS increased WR for three species; whereas for X. preissii there was no WR at any concentration. Heating increased WR for all species over the range of 30 to 120 °C. B. menziesii had the greatest WR, which was associated with the largest diversity of fatty acids and n -alcohols and highest concentration of alkanes, whereas X. preissii with the smallest WR had only C 16 alcohol and C 16 fatty acids at relatively low concentration. Conclusions Physically mixing leaf powder with AWS allows the contribution of different plant species on WR to be directly examined. WR appears to be related to differences in the concentrations and diversity of n -alcohols, n- fatty acids, and high n -alkanes in the leaves. The observed temperature effects on WR provide insights into the kinetics of release and dispersal of organic compounds from interstitial material.

Onset of the Miocene Chaco foreland basin: depositional conditions, provenance and paleogeographic implications of the Tranquitas Formation (Argentina) - David Eric Tineo; Damián Moyano-Paz; Augusto Nicolás Varela; Daniel Gustavo Poiré (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022)

Nutritional effects of invasive macrophyte detritus on Schistosoma mansoni infections in snail intermediate hosts - Daniel J. Desautels; Yebin Wang; Asher Ripp; Amber Beaman; Sena Andea; Rachel B. Hartman; David J. Civitello (Hydrobiologia, 2022)

Prophylactic treatment with CN-105 improves functional outcomes in a murine model of closed head injury - David Van Wyck; Bradley J. Kolls; Haichen Wang; Viviana Cantillana; Maureen Maughan; Daniel T. Laskowitz (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)

The Dorothy Garrod Site: a new Middle Stone Age locality in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania - José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández; Juan Marín; David Manuel Martín-Perea; David Uribelarrea; Irene Solano-Megías; Raquel Asiaín; Enrique Baquedano; Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo; Agness Gidna; Alicia Medialdea; Hekima Mwamakimbula Steven; Daniel Haruni Chilonzi; et al. (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2022)
Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a key site for the study of human evolution as well as the origin of modern humans and the Middle Stone Age (MSA). In this study, we present a new MSA location named Dorothy Garrod Site (DGS), found in the main branch of Olduvai Gorge. The site has only one archaeological level, located stratigraphically in the Upper Ndutu. Although it has not yet been possible to radiometrically date it, it has yielded numerous archaeological remains with a functional association between the faunal remains and the lithic industry. The fauna identified includes Alcelaphini, Hippotragini, and Equidae, some of which present percussion marks and evidence of burning. The lithic industry involved knapping using discoid methods. The retouched blanks are denticulates and retouched flakes with, up to now, a total absence of points. DGS is therefore a new site that will aid our understanding of modern human occupations in northern Tanzania in a period for which there is a dearth of properly contextualised archaeological evidence.

Wild-caught fish populations targeted by MSC-certified fisheries have higher relative abundance than non-MSC populations - Michael C. Melnychuk; Alessio Veneziano; Samantha Lees; Jennifer Rasal; Lauren M. Koerner; Peter Hair; David Costalago; Daniel Hively; Ernesto Jardim; Catherine Longo (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Requirements for a fishery to achieve Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification include demonstrating that targeted populations (‘MSC stocks’) are fished at sustainable levels. The credibility of this claim can be evaluated by comparing estimated abundance of MSC stocks to benchmarks based on sustainability criteria. Additionally, to evaluate whether MSC certification provides a meaningful distinction, the sustainability status of MSC stocks can be compared with that of populations without a linked certificate (‘non-MSC stocks’). It is expected that MSC stocks are more likely to be maintained at levels of high abundance relative to sustainability benchmarks compared to non-MSC stocks. Similarly, it is expected that MSC stocks are less likely to become overfished, and if they do become overfished, that fisheries are incentivised to aid in their rebuilding to avoid suspension of certification. We compare published biomass estimates relative to biological reference points between MSC stocks and non-MSC stocks of wild-caught marine fish and invertebrate species around the world. These are observational data, and though we control for the propensity of certification, certification is not independent of relative biomass and therefore we describe associations rather than causal influences. Individual stocks from both groups were highly variable in relative biomass trends over the past two decades, with substantial overlap in the distributions of MSC and non-MSC stocks. In recent years (2014-2018), MSC stocks had, on average, greater biomass relative to biomass at maximum sustainable yield ( B MSY ) than non-MSC stocks. MSC stocks were also less frequently overfished compared to non-MSC stocks, with estimated biomass below a limit reference point ( B lim ) for 9% of MSC stocks and for 26-33% of non-MSC stocks. Eight MSC stocks currently or previously certified and defined as overfished in 2017 or 2018 had previously entered the program based on scientific advice available at the time indicating they were fished within sustainable limits. Subsequently, when revised stock assessments estimated the biomass to be lower than previously thought, fisheries for those stocks were suspended from certification. Together, these results suggest that eco-certification is associated with a credible claim on sustainable stock status and provides a useful distinction from other seafood. Further, our results show how the rare exceptions to this pattern may arise from retrospective changes in scientific advice.

Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database - Tommaso Jucker; Fabian Jörg Fischer; Jérôme Chave; David A. Coomes; John Caspersen; Arshad Ali; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Ted R. Feldpausch; Daniel Falster; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Luciana F. Alves; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non‐forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC‐BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599 . To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

Tree crown damage and its effects on forest carbon cycling in a tropical forest - Jessica F. Needham; Gabriel Arellano; Stuart J. Davies; Rosie A. Fisher; Valerie Hammer; Ryan G. Knox; David Mitre; Helene C. Muller‐Landau; Daniel Zuleta; Charlie D. Koven (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Crown damage can account for over 23% of canopy biomass turnover in tropical forests and is a strong predictor of tree mortality; yet, it is not typically represented in vegetation models. We incorporate crown damage into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to evaluate how lags between damage and tree recovery or death alter demographic rates and patterns of carbon turnover. We represent crown damage as a reduction in a tree's crown area and leaf and branch biomass, and allow associated variation in the ratio of aboveground to belowground plant tissue. We compare simulations with crown damage to simulations with equivalent instant increases in mortality and benchmark results against data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. In FATES, crown damage causes decreases in growth rates that match observations from BCI. Crown damage leads to increases in carbon starvation mortality in FATES, but only in configurations with high root respiration and decreases in carbon storage following damage. Crown damage also alters competitive dynamics, as plant functional types that can recover from crown damage outcompete those that cannot. This is a first exploration of the trade‐off between the additional complexity of the novel crown damage module and improved predictive capabilities. At BCI, a tropical forest that does not experience high levels of disturbance, both the crown damage simulations and simulations with equivalent increases in mortality does a reasonable job of capturing observations. The crown damage module provides functionality for exploring dynamics in forests with more extreme disturbances such as cyclones and for capturing the synergistic effects of disturbances that overlap in space and time.

‘Destructive fishing’—A ubiquitously used but vague term? Usage and impacts across academic research, media and policy - David F. Willer; Joshua I. Brian; Christina J. Derrick; Marcus Hicks; Alerick Pacay; Arlie H. McCarthy; Sophie Benbow; Holly Brooks; Carolina Hazin; Nibedita Mukherjee; Chris J. McOwen; Jessica Walker; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2022)
The term ‘destructive fishing’ appears in multiple international policy instruments intended to improve outcomes for marine biodiversity, coastal communities and sustainable fisheries. However, the meaning of ‘destructive fishing’ is often vague, limiting effectiveness in policy. Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the use of ‘destructive fishing’ in three record types: academic literature, media articles and policy documents between 1976 and 2020. A more detailed analysis was performed on subsets of these records, considering the extent to which the term is characterised, geographic distribution of use, and specific impacts and practices associated with the term. We found that use of ‘destructive fishing’ relative to the generic term ‘fisheries’ has increased since the 1990s. Records focussed predominantly on fishing practices in South‐eastern Asia, followed by Southern Asia and Europe. The term was characterised in detail in only 15% of records. Habitat damage and blast/poison fishing were the most associated ecological impacts and gear/practices, respectively. Bottom trawling and unspecified net fishing were regularly linked to destructive fishing. Importantly, the three record types use the term differently. Academic literature tends to specifically articulate the negative impacts, while media articles focus generally on associated gears/practices. Significant regional variation also exists in how the term is used and what phenomena it is applied to. This study provides evidence and recommendations to inform stakeholders in any future pursuit of a unified definition of ‘destructive fishing’ to support more meaningful implementation of global sustainability goals.

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest - Ana Carolina Antunes; Anelise Montanarin; Diogo Maia Gräbin; Erison Carlos dos Santos Monteiro; Fernando Ferreira de Pinho; Guilherme Costa Alvarenga; Jorge Ahumada; Robert B. Wallace; Emiliano Esterci Ramalho; Adrian Paul Ashton Barnett; Alex Bager; Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer‐reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non‐invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human‐mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data.

Habitat value of subsea wells and pipelines for fishery target species in Australia - Dianne McLean; Conrad W. Speed; Matthew Jon Birt; Jamie Colquhoun; Mark Case; Marcus Stowar; Todd Bond; Daniel Ierodiaconou; Sasha K. Whitmarsh; Michael D. Taylor; Sam Wines; David John Booth; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Subsea pipelines and wells installed to support the oil and gas industry represent some of the most extensive and numerous anthropogenic structures throughout global marine ecosystems. There remains a paucity of information on the habitat value of these structures for fishery target species and, as a result, little understanding of how decommissioning should be conducted to minimise impacts to populations of these economically and socially important species. We assess the diversity and abundance of species that are targets of recreational and commercial fisheries on 33 subsea wells and 17 pipelines across the tropical northwest and temperate southeast marine regions of Australia. We examine relationships between fish identity and abundance and a range of environmental (e.g., depth, location), infrastructure-specific (e.g., pipeline position, diameter, age, length of pipeline, height of well, position on well), and biological (% cover of epibiota) variables using video filmed by remotely operated vehicles during their routine offshore inspection and maintenance campaigns. A total of 100 fishery target species were observed across subsea well and pipeline infrastructure, 56 species uniquely observed on pipelines and nine unique to wells. The families Lutjanidae (snapper), Serranidae (rock cods, groupers, perch), and Carangidae (trevallies) were most common and abundant on both wells and pipelines. In the northwest, lutjanids were most abundant around the base of wells, in shallow depths, on shorter wells, and where pipelines spanned the seafloor. A greater number of fishery target species and abundance of ocean perch ( Helicolenus spp.) were also associated with pipelines that spanned the seafloor in temperate southeast Australia. The combined biomass of three species of snapper on wells in the northwest was 1,270 kg, with production levels for these species on each well estimated to be 105.2 g m 2 year -1 . The present study serves as an important reference point for informing decommissioning decisions for pipeline and well infrastructure and demonstrates the utility of industry-held data for science. We suggest that key predictor variables identified here be incorporated into comprehensive before-after-control-impact scientific studies for specific fields/assets to enable the prediction of potential impacts of decommissioning scenarios on marine communities present and quantification of such impacts after the decommissioning activity has occurred.

Memantine treatment does not affect compulsive behavior or frontostriatal connectivity in an adolescent rat model for quinpirole-induced compulsive checking behavior - Milou Straathof; Erwin L. A. Blezer; Christel E. Smeele; Caroline van Heijningen; Annette van der Toorn; Jan K. Buitelaar; Jeffrey C. Glennon; Willem M. Otte; Rick M. Dijkhuizen; Jan Buitelaar; Saskia de Ruiter; Jilly Naaijen; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2022)
Rationale Compulsivity often develops during childhood and is associated with elevated glutamate levels within the frontostriatal system. This suggests that anti-glutamatergic drugs, like memantine, may be an effective treatment. Objective Our goal was to characterize the acute and chronic effect of memantine treatment on compulsive behavior and frontostriatal network structure and function in an adolescent rat model of compulsivity. Methods Juvenile Sprague–Dawley rats received repeated quinpirole, resulting in compulsive checking behavior ( n = 32; compulsive) or saline injections ( n = 32; control). Eight compulsive and control rats received chronic memantine treatment, and eight compulsive and control rats received saline treatment for seven consecutive days between the 10th and 12th quinpirole/saline injection. Compulsive checking behavior was assessed, and structural and functional brain connectivity was measured with diffusion MRI and resting-state fMRI before and after treatment. The other rats received an acute single memantine (compulsive: n = 12; control: n = 12) or saline injection (compulsive: n = 4; control: n = 4) during pharmacological MRI after the 12th quinpirole/saline injection. An additional group of rats received a single memantine injection after a single quinpirole injection ( n = 8). Results Memantine treatment did not affect compulsive checking nor frontostriatal structural and functional connectivity in the quinpirole-induced adolescent rat model. While memantine activated the frontal cortex in control rats, no significant activation responses were measured after single or repeated quinpirole injections. Conclusions The lack of a memantine treatment effect in quinpirole-induced compulsive adolescent rats may be partly explained by the interaction between glutamatergic and dopaminergic receptors in the brain, which can be evaluated with functional MRI.

Recycling plastic wastes for production of sustainable and decorative plastic pavement bricks - Samuel Kofi Tulashie; Daniel Dodoo; Atiiga Abdul-Wadud Ibrahim; Stephen Mensah; Sandra Atisey; Raphael Odai; David Mensah (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Glucose metabolism patterns: A potential index to characterize brain ageing and predict high conversion risk into cognitive impairment - Jiehui Jiang; Can Sheng; Guanqun Chen; Chunhua Liu; Shichen Jin; Lanlan Li; Xueyan Jiang; Ying Han; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Blood oxidative stress biomarkers in women: influence of oral contraception, exercise, and N-acetylcysteine - Karlee M. Quinn; Llion Roberts; Amanda J. Cox; David N. Borg; Evan N. Pennell; Daniel R. McKeating; Joshua J. Fisher; Anthony V. Perkins; Clare Minahan (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)
Purpose To compare physiological responses to submaximal cycling and sprint cycling performance in women using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) and naturally cycling women (WomenNC) and to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation mediates these responses. Methods Twenty recreationally trained women completed five exercise trials (i.e., an incremental cycling test, a familiarisation trial, a baseline performance trial and two double-blind crossover intervention trials). During the intervention trials participants supplemented with NAC or a placebo 1 h before exercise. Cardiopulmonary parameters and blood biochemistry were assessed during 40 min of fixed-intensity cycling at 105% of gas-exchange threshold and after 1-km cycling time-trial. Results WomenOC had higher ventilation ( β [95% CI] = 0.07 L·min −1 [0.01, 0.14]), malondialdehydes ( β = 12.00 mmol·L −1 [6.82, 17.17]) and C-reactive protein (1.53 mg·L −1 [0.76, 2.30]), whereas glutathione peroxidase was lower ( β = 22.62 mU·mL −1 [− 41.32, − 3.91]) compared to WomenNC during fixed-intensity cycling. Plasma thiols were higher at all timepoints after NAC ingestion compared to placebo, irrespective of group (all p < 0.001; d = 1.45 to 2.34). For WomenNC but not WomenOC, the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde observed in the placebo trial was blunted after NAC ingestion, with lower values at 40 min ( p = 0.018; d = 0.73). NAC did not affect cycling time-trial performance. Conclusions Blood biomarkers relating to oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated in WomenOC during exercise. There may be an increased strain on the endogenous antioxidant system during exercise, since NAC supplementation in WomenOC did not dampen the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde. Future investigations should explore the impact of elevated oxidative stress on exercise adaptations or recovery from exercise in WomenOC.