Wave hazards on microtidal shore platforms: testing the relationship between morphology and exposure - David M. Kennedy; Daniel Ierodiaconou; Adam Weir; Barbara Brighton (Natural Hazards, 2017)

We need better understanding about functional diversity and vulnerability of tropical freshwater fishes - Jean R. S. Vitule; Angelo A. Agostinho; Valter M. Azevedo-Santos; Vanessa S. Daga; William R. T. Darwall; Daniel B. Fitzgerald; Fabrício A. Frehse; David J. Hoeinghaus; Dilermando P. Lima-Junior; André L. B. Magalhães; Mário L. Orsi; André A. Padial; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017)

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

The effects of unilateral versus bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on prosaccades and antisaccades in Parkinson’s disease - Lisa C. Goelz; Fabian J. David; John A. Sweeney; David E. Vaillancourt; Howard Poizner; Leonard Verhagen Metman; Daniel M. Corcos (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

Ixodid ticks parasitizing wild carnivores in Romania - Gianluca D’Amico; Mirabela Oana Dumitrache; Ioana Adriana Matei; Angela Monica Ionică; Călin Mircea Gherman; Attila David Sándor; David Modrý; Andrei Daniel Mihalca (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2017)

Leverage points for sustainability transformation - David J. Abson; Joern Fischer; Julia Leventon; Jens Newig; Thomas Schomerus; Ulli Vilsmaier; Henrik von Wehrden; Paivi Abernethy; Christopher D. Ives; Nicolas W. Jager; Daniel J. Lang (Ambio, 2017)

Determinants of vulnerability to the hydrological effects of climate change in rural communities: evidence from Nepal - David Gawith; Douglas Hill; Daniel Kingston (Climate and Development, 2017)

Contrasting cyanobacterial communities and microcystin concentrations in summers with extreme weather events: insights into potential effects of climate change - Susanna A. Wood; Hugo Borges; Jonathan Puddick; Laura Biessy; Javier Atalah; Ian Hawes; Daniel R. Dietrich; David P. Hamilton (Hydrobiologia, 2017)

An acute session of roller massage prolongs voluntary torque development and diminishes evoked pain - Mark Tyler Cavanaugh; Alexander Döweling; James Douglas Young; Patrick John Quigley; Daniel David Hodgson; Joseph H. D. Whitten; Jonathan C. Reid; Saied Jalal Aboodarda; David G. Behm (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Semi-autonomous inline water analyzer: design of a common light detector for bacterial, phage, and immunological biosensors - Elodie C.T. Descamps; Damien Meunier; Catherine Brutesco; Sandra Prévéral; Nathalie Franche; Ingrid Bazin; Bertrand Miclot; Philippe Larosa; Camille Escoffier; Jean-Raphael Fantino; Daniel Garcia; Mireille Ansaldi; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Bacterial host and reporter gene optimization for genetically encoded whole cell biosensors - Catherine Brutesco; Sandra Prévéral; Camille Escoffier; Elodie C. T. Descamps; Elsa Prudent; Julien Cayron; Louis Dumas; Manon Ricquebourg; Géraldine Adryanczyk-Perrier; Arjan de Groot; Daniel Garcia; Agnès Rodrigue; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

A bioluminescent arsenite biosensor designed for inline water analyzer - Sandra Prévéral; Catherine Brutesco; Elodie C. T. Descamps; Camille Escoffier; David Pignol; Nicolas Ginet; Daniel Garcia (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Pushing the limits of nickel detection to nanomolar range using a set of engineered bioluminescent Escherichia coli - Julien Cayron; Elsa Prudent; Camille Escoffier; Erwan Gueguen; Marie-Andrée Mandrand-Berthelot; David Pignol; Daniel Garcia; Agnès Rodrigue (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Effects of stocking density and daily feed withdrawal periods on the performance of broiler chickens in a semi-arid environment - Mashudu Daniel Rambau; Mulanga Lenticia Mudau; Sibusiso David Makhanya; Kow Benyi (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2016)

N availability modulates the role of NPF3.1, a gibberellin transporter, in GA-mediated phenotypes in Arabidopsis - Laure C. David; Patrick Berquin; Yuri Kanno; Mitsunori Seo; Françoise Daniel-Vedele; Sylvie Ferrario-Méry (Planta, 2016)

Genetic structure and diversity in an isolated population of an endemic mole salamander (Ambystoma rivulare Taylor, 1940) of central Mexico - Rosa-Laura Heredia-Bobadilla; Octavio Monroy-Vilchis; Martha M. Zarco-González; Daniel Martínez-Gómez; Germán David Mendoza-Martínez; Armando Sunny (Genetica, 2016)

Preferences for legume attributes in maize-legume cropping systems in Malawi - Kurt B. Waldman; David L. Ortega; Robert B. Richardson; Daniel C. Clay; Sieglinde Snapp (Food Security, 2016)

Streamflow variability in the Chilean Temperate-Mediterranean climate transition (35°S–42°S) during the last 400 years inferred from tree-ring records - Ariel A. Muñoz; Alvaro González-Reyes; Antonio Lara; David Sauchyn; Duncan Christie; Paulina Puchi; Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert; Isadora Toledo-Guerrero; Isabella Aguilera-Betti; Ignacio Mundo; Paul R. Sheppard; Daniel Stahle; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2016)

SAR study to find optimal cholinesterase reactivator against organophosphorous nerve agents and pesticides - Lukas Gorecki; Jan Korabecny; Kamil Musilek; David Malinak; Eugenie Nepovimova; Rafael Dolezal; Daniel Jun; Ondrej Soukup; Kamil Kuca (Archives of Toxicology, 2016)

A class of non-linear exposure-response models suitable for health impact assessment applicable to large cohort studies of ambient air pollution - Masoud M. Nasari; Mieczysław Szyszkowicz; Hong Chen; Daniel Crouse; Michelle C. Turner; Michael Jerrett; C. Arden Pope; Bryan Hubbell; Neal Fann; Aaron Cohen; Susan M. Gapstur; W. Ryan Diver; et al. (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2016)

Habitat Differences in Deep-Sea Megafaunal Communities off New Zealand: Implications for Vulnerability to Anthropogenic Disturbance and Management - Ashley A. Rowden; Daniel Leduc; Malcolm R. Clark; David A. Bowden (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

IL-1β Is Involved with the Generation of Pain in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis - David Henrique Rodrigues; Bruno Pereira Leles; Vivian Vasconcelos Costa; Aline Silva Miranda; Daniel Cisalpino; Dawidson Assis Gomes; Danielle Glória de Souza; Antônio Lúcio Teixeira (Molecular Neurobiology, 2016)

Microbial community structure of a freshwater system receiving wastewater effluent - Matthew D. Hladilek; Karen F. Gaines; James M. Novak; David A. Collard; Daniel B. Johnson; Thomas Canam (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Comparing Occupational Health and Safety Management System Programming with Injury Rates in Poultry Production - Daniel A. Autenrieth; William J. Brazile; David I. Douphrate; Ivette N. Román-Muñiz; Stephen J. Reynolds (Journal of Agromedicine, 2016)

Origin of origami cockroach reveals long-lasting (11 Ma) phenotype instability following viviparity - Peter V. Vršanský; Lucia Šmídová; Daniel Valaška; Peter Barna; Ľubomír Vidlička; Peter Takáč; Lubomir Pavlik; Tatiana Kúdelová; Talia S. Karim; David Zelagin; Dena Smith (The Science of Nature, 2016)

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel urea derivatives from chromene based oxadiazole amines - K. Santosh Kumar; V. Daniel; Shiva Shanker Kaki; Ch. Prasad Rao; G.L. David Krupadanam (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2016)

Identification and Potential Regulatory Properties of Evolutionary Conserved Regions (ECRs) at the Schizophrenia-Associated MIR137 Locus - Olympia Gianfrancesco; Daniel Griffiths; Paul Myers; David A. Collier; Vivien J. Bubb; John P. Quinn (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Invasive Asian Fusarium – Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests, urban landscapes and the avocado industry - Kerry O’Donnell; Ran Libeskind-Hadas; Jiri Hulcr; Craig Bateman; Matthew T. Kasson; Randy C. Ploetz; Joshua L. Konkol; Jill N. Ploetz; Daniel Carrillo; Alina Campbell; Rita E. Duncan; Pradeepa N. H. Liyanage; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 2016)

Differential dopamine function in fibromyalgia - Daniel S. Albrecht; Palmer J. MacKie; David A. Kareken; Gary D. Hutchins; Evgeny J. Chumin; Bradley T. Christian; Karmen K. Yoder (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Comparison of AR.Drone Quadricopter Video and the Visual CTLA Method for Urban Tree Hazard Rating - David L Kulhavy; Daniel R Unger; I-Kuai Hung; Yanli Zhang (Journal of Forestry, 2016)

Topography‐driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation - Manuel J. Steinbauer; Richard Field; John‐Arvid Grytnes; Panayiotis Trigas; Claudine Ah‐Peng; Fabio Attorre; H. John B. Birks; Paulo A. V. Borges; Pedro Cardoso; Chang‐Hung Chou; Michele De Sanctis; Miguel M. de Sequeira; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Higher‐elevation areas on islands and continental mountains tend to be separated by longer distances, predicting higher endemism at higher elevations; our study is the first to test the generality of the predicted pattern. We also compare it empirically with contrasting expectations from hypotheses invoking higher speciation with area, temperature and species richness. Location Thirty‐two insular and 18 continental elevational gradients from around the world. Methods We compiled entire floras with elevation‐specific occurrence information, and calculated the proportion of native species that are endemic (‘percent endemism’) in 100‐m bands, for each of the 50 elevational gradients. Using generalized linear models, we tested the relationships between percent endemism and elevation, isolation, temperature, area and species richness. Results Percent endemism consistently increased monotonically with elevation, globally. This was independent of richness–elevation relationships, which had varying shapes but decreased with elevation at high elevations. The endemism–elevation relationships were consistent with isolation‐related predictions, but inconsistent with hypotheses related to area, richness and temperature. Main conclusions Higher per‐species speciation rates caused by increasing isolation with elevation are the most plausible and parsimonious explanation for the globally consistent pattern of higher endemism at higher elevations that we identify. We suggest that topography‐driven isolation increases speciation rates in mountainous areas, across all elevations and increasingly towards the equator. If so, it represents a mechanism that may contribute to generating latitudinal diversity gradients in a way that is consistent with both present‐day and palaeontological evidence.

Modeling postglacial vegetation dynamics of temperate forests on the Olympic Peninsula (WA, USA) with special regard to snowpack - Christoph Schwörer; David M. Fisher; Daniel G. Gavin; Christian Temperli; Patrick J. Bartlein (Climatic Change, 2016)

Limited differences among habitats in deep‐sea macro‐infaunal communities off New Zealand: implications for their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance - Daniel Leduc; Ashley A. Rowden; Malcolm R. Clark; David A. Bowden; Andrew R. Thurber (Marine Ecology, 2016)
The spread of human activities into the deep sea may pose a high risk to benthic communities and affect ecosystem integrity. The deep sea is characterized by physical and biological heterogeneity and different habitat types are likely to differ in their vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. However, across‐habitat comparisons are rare, and no comprehensive ecological risk assessment has yet been developed. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared macro‐infaunal community structure in four habitats (slope, canyons, seamounts and methane seeps) at depths between 700 and 1500 m in the Hikurangi Margin and Bay of Plenty regions off New Zealand. The most striking contrast in community structure was between the two study regions, due to an order of magnitude difference in macro‐infaunal abundance that we believe was caused by differences in surface productivity and food availability at the sea bed. We found differences in structural and functional attributes of macro‐infaunal communities among some habitats in the Hikurangi Margin (slope, canyon and seep), but not in the Bay of Plenty. We posit that differences between canyon and slope communities on the Hikurangi Margin are due to enhanced food availability inside canyons compared with adjacent slope habitats. Seep communities were characterized by elevated abundance of both symbiont‐bearing and heterotrophic taxa, and were the most distinct, and variable, among the habitats that we considered on the Hikurangi Margin. Communities of seamounts were not distinct from slope or canyon communities on the Hikurangi Margin, probably reflecting similar environmental conditions in these habitats. The communities of deep‐sea canyon and seep habitats on the Hikurangi Margin were sufficiently dissimilar from each other and from slope habitats to warrant separate management consideration. By contrast, the low dissimilarity between communities of canyon and slope habitats in the Bay of Plenty suggests that habitat‐based management is not required in this region, for macro‐infauna at least. Although the two study regions share similar species pools, populations of the Hikurangi Margin region may be less vulnerable than the sparser populations of the Bay of Plenty due to the higher availability of potential colonizers and faster population growth. Thus regions, and habitats in some regions, should be subject to separate ecological risk assessment to help identify the key risks and consequences of human activities, and to inform options for reducing or mitigating impacts.

Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial events in the Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield, southern Chile - David A. Nimick; Daniel McGrath; Shannon A. Mahan; Beverly A. Friesen; Jonathan Leidich (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2016)
The Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) is the primary glaciated terrain worldwide at its latitude (46.5–47.5°S), and constraining its glacial history provides unique information for reconstructing Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate. The Colonia Glacier is the largest outlet glacier draining the eastern NPI. Ages were determined using dendrochronology, lichenometry, radiocarbon, cosmogenic 10 Be and optically stimulated luminescence. Dated moraines in the Colonia valley defined advances at 13.2 ± 0.95, 11.0 ± 0.47 and 4.96 ± 0.21 ka, with the last being the first constraint on the onset of Neoglaciation for the eastern NPI from a directly dated landform. Dating in the tributary Cachet valley, which contains an ice‐dammed lake during periods of Colonia Glacier expansion, defined an advance at ca. 2.95 ± 0.21 ka, periods of advancement at 810 ± 49 cal a BP and 245 ± 13 cal a BP, and retreat during the intervening periods. Recent Colonia Glacier thinning, which began in the late 1800s, opened a lower‐elevation outlet channel for Lago Cachet Dos in ca. 1960. Our data provide the most comprehensive set of Latest Pleistocene and Holocene ages for a single NPI outlet glacier and expand previously developed NPI glacial chronologies.

Estimating local biodiversity change: a critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity - Andrew Gonzalez; Bradley J. Cardinale; Ginger R. H. Allington; Jarrett Byrnes; K. Arthur Endsley; Daniel G. Brown; David U. Hooper; Forest Isbell; Mary I. O'Connor; Michel Loreau (Ecology, 2016)
Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For example, two recent data meta‐analyses have found that species richness is decreasing in some locations and is increasing in others. When these trends are combined, these papers argued there has been no net change in species richness, and suggested this pattern is globally representative of biodiversity change at local scales. Here we reanalyze results of these data syntheses and outline why this conclusion is unfounded. First, we show the datasets collated for these syntheses are spatially biased and not representative of the spatial distribution of species richness or the distribution of many primary drivers of biodiversity change. This casts doubt that their results are representative of global patterns. Second, we argue that detecting the trend in local species richness is very difficult with short time series and can lead to biased estimates of change. Reanalyses of the data detected a signal of study duration on biodiversity change, indicating net biodiversity loss is most apparent in studies of longer duration. Third, estimates of species richness change can be biased if species gains during post‐disturbance recovery are included without also including species losses that occurred during the disturbance. Net species gains or losses should be assessed with respect to common baselines or reference communities. Ultimately, we need a globally coordinated effort to monitor biodiversity so that we can estimate and attribute human impacts as causes of biodiversity change. A combination of technologies will be needed to produce regularly updated global datasets of local biodiversity change to guide future policy. At this time the conclusion that there is no net change in local species richness is not the consensus state of knowledge.

A systematic survey of the integration of animal behavior into conservation - Oded Berger‐Tal; Daniel T. Blumstein; Scott Carroll; Robert N. Fisher; Sarah L. Mesnick; Megan A. Owen; David Saltz; Colleen Cassady St. Claire; Ronald R. Swaisgood (Conservation Biology, 2016)
The role of behavioral ecology in improving wildlife conservation and management has been the subject of much recent debate. We sought to answer 2 foundational questions about the current use of behavioral knowledge in conservation: To what extent is behavioral knowledge used in wildlife conservation and management, and how does the use of animal behavior differ among conservation fields in both frequency and types of use? We searched the literature for intersections between key fields of animal behavior and conservation and created a systematic heat map (i.e., graphical representation of data where values are represented as colors) to visualize relative efforts. Some behaviors, such as dispersal and foraging, were commonly considered (mean [SE] of 1147.38 [353.11] and 439.44 [108.85] papers per cell, respectively). In contrast, other behaviors, such as learning, social, and antipredatory behaviors were rarely considered (mean [SE] of 33.88 [7.62], 44.81 [10.65], and 22.69 [6.37] papers per cell, respectively). In many cases, awareness of the importance of behavior did not translate into applicable management tools. Our results challenge previous suggestions that there is little association between the fields of behavioral ecology and conservation and reveals tremendous variation in the use of different behaviors in conservation. We recommend that researchers focus on examining underutilized intersections of behavior and conservation themes for which preliminary work shows a potential for improving conservation and management, translating behavioral theory into applicable and testable predictions, and creating systematic reviews to summarize the behavioral evidence within the behavior‐conservation intersections for which many studies exist.

Using empirical models of species colonization under multiple threatening processes to identify complementary threat‐mitigation strategies - Ayesha I.T. Tulloch; Alessio Mortelliti; Geoffrey M. Kay; Daniel Florance; David Lindenmayer (Conservation Biology, 2016)
Approaches to prioritize conservation actions are gaining popularity. However, limited empirical evidence exists on which species might benefit most from threat mitigation and on what combination of threats, if mitigated simultaneously, would result in the best outcomes for biodiversity. We devised a way to prioritize threat mitigation at a regional scale with empirical evidence based on predicted changes to population dynamics—information that is lacking in most threat‐management prioritization frameworks that rely on expert elicitation. We used dynamic occupancy models to investigate the effects of multiple threats (tree cover, grazing, and presence of an hyperaggressive competitor, the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala) on bird‐population dynamics in an endangered woodland community in southeastern Australia. The 3 threatening processes had different effects on different species. We used predicted patch‐colonization probabilities to estimate the benefit to each species of removing one or more threats. We then determined the complementary set of threat‐mitigation strategies that maximized colonization of all species while ensuring that redundant actions with little benefit were avoided. The single action that resulted in the highest colonization was increasing tree cover, which increased patch colonization by 5% and 11% on average across all species and for declining species, respectively. Combining Noisy Miner control with increasing tree cover increased species colonization by 10% and 19% on average for all species and for declining species respectively, and was a higher priority than changing grazing regimes. Guidance for prioritizing threat mitigation is critical in the face of cumulative threatening processes. By incorporating population dynamics in prioritization of threat management, our approach helps ensure funding is not wasted on ineffective management programs that target the wrong threats or species.

The Hevea brasiliensis XIP aquaporin subfamily: genomic, structural and functional characterizations with relevance to intensive latex harvesting - David Lopez; Maroua Ben Amira; Daniel Brown; Beatriz Muries; Nicole Brunel-Michac; Sylvain Bourgerie; Benoit Porcheron; Remi Lemoine; Hervé Chrestin; Ewan Mollison; Alessandra Di Cola; Lorenzo Frigerio; et al. (Plant Molecular Biology, 2016)

Processes driving short-term temporal dynamics of small mammal distribution in human-disturbed environments - Julie Martineau; David Pothier; Daniel Fortin (Oecologia, 2016)

Real-World Emissions from Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel, Natural Gas, and Hybrid Diesel Trucks Operating Along Major California Freight Corridors - David C. Quiros; Arvind Thiruvengadam; Saroj Pradhan; Marc Besch; Pragalath Thiruvengadam; Berk Demirgok; Daniel Carder; Adewale Oshinuga; Tao Huai; Shaohua Hu (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2016)

Monitoring population‐level responses of marine mammals to human activities - Erica Fleishman; Daniel P. Costa; John Harwood; Scott Kraus; David Moretti; Leslie F. New; Robert S. Schick; Lisa K. Schwarz; Samantha E. Simmons; Len Thomas; Randall S. Wells (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
We provide guidance for monitoring whether human activities affect the physiology or behavior of marine mammals and, if so, whether those effects may lead to changes in survival and reproduction at the population level. We suggest that four elements be included in designing and implementing such a monitoring program. The first is development of a theory of change: a set of mechanistic hypotheses that outline why a given activity might be expected to have one or more measurable effects on individuals and populations, and ideally the magnitude, timing, and duration of the effects. The second element, definition of biologically meaningful effect sizes, ultimately facilitates the development of a monitoring program that can detect those magnitudes of effect with the desired levels of precision. The third element, selection of response variables for monitoring, allows inference to whether observed changes in the status of individuals or populations are attributable to a given activity. Visual observations, passive acoustic and tagging instruments, and direct physical measurements all can provide data that facilitate quantitative hypothesis testing. The fourth element is specification of the temporal sequence of monitoring. These elements also can be used to inform monitoring of the responses of other taxonomic groups to human activities.

The value of crossdating to retain high‐frequency variability, climate signals, and extreme events in environmental proxies - Bryan A. Black; Daniel Griffin; Peter van der Sleen; Alan D. Wanamaker; James H. Speer; David C. Frank; David W. Stahle; Neil Pederson; Carolyn A. Copenheaver; Valerie Trouet; Shelly Griffin; Bronwyn M. Gillanders (Global Change Biology, 2016)
High‐resolution biogenic and geologic proxies in which one increment or layer is formed per year are crucial to describing natural ranges of environmental variability in Earth's physical and biological systems. However, dating controls are necessary to ensure temporal precision and accuracy; simple counts cannot ensure that all layers are placed correctly in time. Originally developed for tree‐ring data, crossdating is the only such procedure that ensures all increments have been assigned the correct calendar year of formation. Here, we use growth‐increment data from two tree species, two marine bivalve species, and a marine fish species to illustrate sensitivity of environmental signals to modest dating error rates. When falsely added or missed increments are induced at one and five percent rates, errors propagate back through time and eliminate high‐frequency variability, climate signals, and evidence of extreme events while incorrectly dating and distorting major disturbances or other low‐frequency processes. Our consecutive Monte Carlo experiments show that inaccuracies begin to accumulate in as little as two decades and can remove all but decadal‐scale processes after as little as two centuries. Real‐world scenarios may have even greater consequence in the absence of crossdating. Given this sensitivity to signal loss, the fundamental tenets of crossdating must be applied to fully resolve environmental signals, a point we underscore as the frontiers of growth‐increment analysis continue to expand into tropical, freshwater, and marine environments.

Transcriptomic profile of leaf tissue from the leguminous tree, Millettia pinnata - Jill L. Wegrzyn; Jeanne Whalen; Claire S. Kinlaw; David E. Harry; Jeffrey Puryear; Carol A. Loopstra; Daniel Gonzalez-Ibeas; Hans A. Vasquez-Gross; Randi A. Famula; David B. Neale (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2016)

Examination of PACAP-Like Immunoreactivity in Urogenital Tumor Samples - Andrea Tamas; Andras Javorhazy; Dora Reglodi; Donat Peter Sarlos; Daniel Banyai; David Semjen; Jozsef Nemeth; Beata Lelesz; Daniel Balazs Fulop; Zalan Szanto (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases - Daniel M. Pastula; Daniel E. Smith; J. David Beckham; Kenneth L. Tyler (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Skeletal muscle cells possess a ‘memory’ of acute early life TNF-α exposure: role of epigenetic adaptation - Adam P. Sharples; Ioanna Polydorou; David C. Hughes; Daniel J. Owens; Thomas M. Hughes; Claire E. Stewart (Biogerontology, 2016)

Age- and sex-specific variations in microhabitat and macrohabitat use in a territorial lizard - David M. Delaney; Daniel A. Warner (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016)

In memoriam: Richard G. Harrison – his life and legacy - Daniel J. Howard; Richard K. Grosberg; Mohamed A. F. Noor; Benjamin B. Normark; David M. Rand; Kerry L. Shaw; Christopher S. Willett (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Richard G. Harrison passed away unexpectedly on April 12th, 2016. In this memoriam we pay tribute to the life and legacy of an extraordinary scientist, mentor, friend, husband, and father.

Testing the generality of above‐ground biomass allometry across plant functional types at the continent scale - Keryn I. Paul; Stephen H. Roxburgh; Jerome Chave; Jacqueline R. England; Ayalsew Zerihun; Alison Specht; Tom Lewis; Lauren T. Bennett; Thomas G. Baker; Mark A. Adams; Dan Huxtable; Kelvin D. Montagu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Accurate ground‐based estimation of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems is critical to quantifying the global carbon budget. Allometric models provide cost‐effective methods for biomass prediction. But do such models vary with ecoregion or plant functional type? We compiled 15 054 measurements of individual tree or shrub biomass from across Australia to examine the generality of allometric models for above‐ground biomass prediction. This provided a robust case study because Australia includes ecoregions ranging from arid shrublands to tropical rainforests, and has a rich history of biomass research, particularly in planted forests. Regardless of ecoregion, for five broad categories of plant functional type (shrubs; multistemmed trees; trees of the genus Eucalyptus and closely related genera; other trees of high wood density; and other trees of low wood density), relationships between biomass and stem diameter were generic. Simple power‐law models explained 84–95% of the variation in biomass, with little improvement in model performance when other plant variables (height, bole wood density), or site characteristics (climate, age, management) were included. Predictions of stand‐based biomass from allometric models of varying levels of generalization (species‐specific, plant functional type) were validated using whole‐plot harvest data from 17 contrasting stands (range: 9–356 Mg ha −1 ). Losses in efficiency of prediction were stand ‐level biomass prediction was 99%, with a mean absolute prediction error of only 13%. Hence, for cost‐effective prediction of biomass across a wide range of stands, we recommend use of generic allometric models based on plant functional types. Development of new species‐specific models is only warranted when gains in accuracy of stand‐based predictions are relatively high (e.g. high‐value monocultures).

Insights into Spray Development from Metered-Dose Inhalers Through Quantitative X-ray Radiography - Nicholas Mason-Smith; Daniel J. Duke; Alan L. Kastengren; Peter J. Stewart; Daniela Traini; Paul M. Young; Yang Chen; David A. Lewis; Julio Soria; Daniel Edgington-Mitchell; Damon Honnery (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Functional Markers in Young Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice (SAMP8) - Christian Griñan-Ferré; David Pérez-Cáceres; Sofía Martínez Gutiérrez-Zetina; Antoni Camins; Verónica Palomera-Avalos; Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún; M. Teresa Rodrigo; M. Pallàs (Molecular Neurobiology, 2016)

Diversity and productivity of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in biogeochemically distinct regions of the S outh E ast P acific O cean - Yoshimi M. Rii; Solange Duhamel; Robert R. Bidigare; David M. Karl; Daniel J. Repeta; Matthew J. Church (Limnology and Oceanography, 2016)
Picophytoplankton, including photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) and unicellular cyanobacteria, are important contributors to plankton biomass and primary productivity. In this study, phytoplankton composition and rates of carbon fixation were examined across a large trophic gradient in the South East Pacific Ocean (SEP) using a suite of approaches: photosynthetic pigments, rates of 14 C‐primary productivity, and phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rRNA genes PCR amplified and sequenced from flow cytometrically sorted cells. While phytoplankton >10 μm (diatoms and dinoflagellates) were prevalent in the upwelling region off the Chilean coast, picophytoplankton consistently accounted for 55–92% of the total chlorophyll a inventories and >60% of 14 C‐primary productivity throughout the sampling region. Estimates of rates of 14 C‐primary productivity derived from flow cytometric sorting of radiolabeled cells revealed that the contributions of PPE and Prochlorococcus to euphotic zone depth‐integrated picoplankton productivity were nearly equivalent (ranging 36–57%) along the transect, with PPE comprising a larger share of picoplankton productivity than cyanobacteria in the well‐lit (>15% surface irradiance) region compared with in the lower regions (1–7% surface irradiance) of the euphotic zone. 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed the taxonomic identities of PPE; e.g., Mamiellophyceae ( Ostreococcus ) were the dominant PPE in the upwelling‐influenced waters, while members of the Chrysophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Pelagophyceae, and Prasinophyceae Clades VII and IX flourished in the oligotrophic South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Our results suggest that, despite low numerical abundance in comparison to cyanobacteria, diverse members of PPE are significant contributors to carbon cycling across biogeochemically distinct regions of the SEP.

Temporally and Spatially Resolved x-ray Fluorescence Measurements of in-situ Drug Concentration in Metered-Dose Inhaler Sprays - Daniel J. Duke; Alan L. Kastengren; Nicholas Mason-Smith; Yang Chen; Paul M. Young; Daniela Traini; David Lewis; Daniel Edgington-Mitchell; Damon Honnery (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Selection of yeast strains for bioethanol production from UK seaweeds - Emily T. Kostas; Daniel A. White; Chenyu Du; David J. Cook (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016)
Macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. However, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. Hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the principal sugars released from the hydrolysis of macroalgae remains a major objective. The present study used a phenotypic microarray technique to screen 24 different yeast strains for their ability to metabolise individual monosaccharides commonly found in seaweeds, as well as hydrolysates following an acid pre-treatment of five native UK seaweed species ( Laminaria digitata , Fucus serratus , Chondrus crispus , Palmaria palmata and Ulva lactuca ). Five strains of yeast (three Saccharomyces spp, one Pichia sp and one Candida sp) were selected and subsequently evaluated for bioethanol production during fermentation of the hydrolysates. Four out of the five selected strains converted these monomeric sugars into bioethanol, with the highest ethanol yield (13 g L −1 ) resulting from a fermentation using C. crispus hydrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPS128. This study demonstrated the novel application of a phenotypic microarray technique to screen for yeast capable of metabolising sugars present in seaweed hydrolysates; however, metabolic activity did not always imply fermentative production of ethanol.

Gene co-expression analysis identifies brain regions and cell types involved in migraine pathophysiology: a GWAS-based study using the Allen Human Brain Atlas - Else Eising; Sjoerd M. H. Huisman; Ahmed Mahfouz; Lisanne S. Vijfhuizen; Verneri Anttila; Bendik S. Winsvold; Tobias Kurth; M. Arfan Ikram; Tobias Freilinger; Jaakko Kaprio; Dorret I. Boomsma; Cornelia M. van Duijn; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

High-mobility group box 1 in multiple sclerosis - Zohara Sternberg; Daniel Sternberg; Trevor Chichelli; Allison Drake; Neel Patel; Chana Kolb; Kailash Chadha; Jinhee Yu; David Hojnacki (Immunologic Research, 2016)

A moving target—incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations - Steven J. Cooke; Eduardo G. Martins; Daniel P. Struthers; Lee F. G. Gutowsky; Michael Power; Susan E. Doka; John M. Dettmers; David A. Crook; Martyn C. Lucas; Christopher M. Holbrook; Charles C. Krueger (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Preserved emotional awareness of pain in a patient with extensive bilateral damage to the insula, anterior cingulate, and amygdala - Justin S. Feinstein; Sahib S. Khalsa; Tim V. Salomons; Kenneth M. Prkachin; Laura A. Frey-Law; Jennifer E. Lee; Daniel Tranel; David Rudrauf (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Population genomics of the filarial nematode parasite Wuchereria bancrofti from mosquitoes - Scott T. Small; Lisa J. Reimer; Daniel J. Tisch; Christopher L. King; Bruce M. Christensen; Peter M. Siba; James W. Kazura; David Serre; Peter A. Zimmerman (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode and the primary cause of lymphatic filariasis – a disease specific to humans. W. bancrofti currently infects over 90 million people throughout the tropics and has been acknowledged by the world health organization as a vulnerable parasite. Current research has focused primarily on the clinical manifestations of disease and little is known about the evolutionary history of W. bancrofti . To improve upon knowledge of the evolutionary history of W. bancrofti , we whole genome sequenced 13 W. bancrofti larvae. We circumvent many of the difficulties of multiple infections by sampling larvae directly from mosquitoes that were experimentally inoculated with infected blood. To begin, we used whole genome data to reconstruct the historical population size. Our results support a history of fluctuating population sizes that can be correlated with human migration and fluctuating mosquito abundances. Next, we reconstructed the putative pedigree of W. bancrofti worms within an infection using the kinship coefficient. We deduced that there are full‐sib and half‐sib relationships residing within the same larval cohort. Through combined analysis of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes we concluded that this is likely a results of polyandrous mating, the first time reported for W. bancrofti . Lastly, we scanned the genomes for signatures of natural selection. Annotation of putative selected regions identified proteins that may have aided in a parasitic life style or may have evolved to protect against current drug treatments. We discuss our results in the greater context of understanding the biology of an animal with a unique life history and ecology.

A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of the delta opioid receptor agonist AZD2327 in anxious depression - Erica M. Richards; Daniel C. Mathews; David A. Luckenbaugh; Dawn F. Ionescu; Rodrigo Machado-Vieira; Mark J. Niciu; Wallace C. Duncan; Neal M. Nolan; Jose A. Franco-Chaves; Thomas Hudzik; Carla Maciag; Shuang Li; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene are associated with stress fracture injury - Ian Varley; Julie P. Greeves; Craig Sale; Eitan Friedman; Daniel S. Moran; Ran Yanovich; Peter J. Wilson; Alison Gartland; David C. Hughes; Trent Stellingwerff; Craig Ranson; William D. Fraser; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2016)

Intramembrane congestion effects on lysenin channel voltage-induced gating - Eric Krueger; Sheenah Bryant; Nisha Shrestha; Tyler Clark; Charles Hanna; David Pink; Daniel Fologea (European Biophysics Journal, 2016)

Soil pH effects on the interactions between dissolved zinc, non-nano- and nano-ZnO with soil bacterial communities - Daniel S. Read; Marianne Matzke; Hyun S. Gweon; Lindsay K. Newbold; Laura Heggelund; Maria Diez Ortiz; Elma Lahive; David Spurgeon; Claus Svendsen (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Mineralization ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus from decomposing litter in temperate versus tropical forests - Alison R. Marklein; Joy B. Winbourne; Sara K. Enders; David J. X. Gonzalez; Tiff L. van Huysen; Jorge E. Izquierdo; Derrick R. Light; Daniel Liptzin; Kimberley E. Miller; Scott L. Morford; Robert A. Norton; Benjamin Z. Houlton (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Terrestrial ecosystems sequester about 25% of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions annually; however, nitrogen ( N ) and phosphorus ( P ) limitation of plant productivity and microbial functioning could curtail this key ecosystem service in the future. Our aim is to address variations in nutrient resupply during decomposition – especially whether the N : P ratio of nutrient recycling via mineralization varies within and across diverse forest biomes. Location Global forest ecosystems. Methods We compiled data on in situ litter decomposition experiments (leaf, wood and root) from the primary literature to examine the relationships between net N and P mineralization across temperate versus tropical forests world‐wide. We define net nutrient mineralization ratios as the average N : P released from decomposing substrates at a given ecosystem site. Results We show that net N and P mineralization are strongly correlated within biomes, suggesting strong coupling between N and P recycling in forest ecosystems. The net N : P of leaf‐litter mineralization is higher in tropical forests than in temperate forests, consistent with latitudinal patterns in foliar and leaf‐litter N : P . At the global scale, the N : P of net mineralization tracks, but tends to be lower than that of litter N : P , pointing to preferential P (versus N ) mineralization in forest ecosystems. Main conclusions Our results do not support the view that there is a single, globally consistent mineralization N : P ratio. Instead, our results show that the N : P of net mineralization can be predicted by the N : P of litter, offering a method for incorporating P into global‐scale models of carbon–nutrient–climate interactions. In addition, these results imply that P is scarce relative to microbial decomposer demands in tropical forests, whereas N and P may be more co‐limiting when compared with microbial biomass in the temperate zone.

Optimization of environmental parameters for Nannochloropsis salina growth and lipid content using the response surface method and invading organisms - Meridith L. Bartley; Wiebke J. Boeing; David Daniel; Barry N. Dungan; Tanner Schaub (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016)

The effect of post-resistance exercise alcohol ingestion on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokines - Danielle E. Levitt; Anthony A. Duplanty; Ronald G. Budnar; Hui-Ying Luk; Alexander Fernandez; Travis J. Layman; Daniel L. Fancher; David W. Hill; Brian K. McFarlin; Jakob L. Vingren (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Metal and metalloid containing natural products and a brief overview of their applications in biology, biotechnology and biomedicine - Daniel A. Dias; Konstantinos A. Kouremenos; David J. Beale; Damien L. Callahan; Oliver A. H. Jones (BioMetals, 2016)

A population pharmacokinetic model for R- and S-citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in Alzheimer’s disease patients with agitation - Ayman Akil; Robert R. Bies; Bruce G. Pollock; Dimitrios Avramopoulos; D. P. Devanand; Jacobo E. Mintzer; Anton P. Porsteinsson; Lon S. Schneider; Daniel Weintraub; Jerome Yesavage; David M. Shade; Constantine G. Lyketsos (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2016)

Ectopic Muscle Expression of Neurotrophic Factors Improves Recovery After Nerve Injury - Micaela Johanna Glat; Felix Benninger; Yael Barhum; Tali Ben-Zur; Elena Kogan; Israel Steiner; David Yaffe; Daniel Offen (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Does the Ribosome Challenge our Understanding of the RNA World? - Anthony M. Poole; Daniel C. Jeffares; Marc P. Hoeppner; David Penny (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2016)

Erratum to: A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Interannual modulation of subtropical Atlantic boreal summer dust variability by ENSO - Michael J. DeFlorio; Ian D. Goodwin; Daniel R. Cayan; Arthur J. Miller; Steven J. Ghan; David W. Pierce; Lynn M. Russell; Balwinder Singh (Climate Dynamics, 2016)

Colorectal polyp prevention by daily aspirin use is abrogated among active smokers - David A. Drew; Gyuhyeong Goh; Allen Mo; James J. Grady; Faripour Forouhar; Gretchen Egan; Helen Swede; Daniel W. Rosenberg; Richard G. Stevens; Thomas J. Devers (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Mass spectrometry analysis of the excretory-secretory (E-S) products of the model cestode Hymenolepis diminut a reveals their immunogenic properties and the presence of new E-S proteins in cestodes - Justyna Bień; Rusłan Sałamatin; Anna Sulima; Kirsi Savijoki; David Bruce Conn; Anu Näreaho; Daniel Młocicki (Acta Parasitologica, 2016)
is an important model species in studies of therapeutics, biochemical processes, immune responses and other aspects of cestodiasis. The parasite produces numerous excretory-secretory (E-S) proteins and a glycocalyx covering its body. Our study focused on the mass spectrometry analysis of the E-S material with an objective to determine if E-S contains any new proteins, in particular those that can be identified as: antigens, vaccine candidates and drug targets. These proteins might engage directly in host-parasite interactions. Adult parasites collected from experimentally infected rats were cultured

Detecting surface‐feeding behavior by rorqual whales in accelerometer data - Kylie Owen; Rebecca A. Dunlop; Jason P. Monty; Daniel Chung; Michael J. Noad; David Donnelly; Anne W. Goldizen; Thomas Mackenzie (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
The movement of marine animals feeding at the sea surface is restricted by wave drag and a reduction in propulsive efficiency. Many rorqual whale species lunge feed at the surface, yet existing methodologies for detecting lunges in accelerometer data have not been applied to surface‐feeding behavior. Our study aimed to develop a method to detect surface‐feeding behavior in accelerometer data and in doing so, determine whether wave drag influences the detection of surface‐feeding behavior. A new acceleration parameter is described that considers the forward acceleration of the animal relative to its pitch. The new parameter, along with information on the deceleration and pitch angle, was then used in an automatic lunge detecting algorithm followed by a visual classification method that detected approximately 70% of the lunges observed during focal follow sampling. The forward acceleration of lunges decreased significantly with increasing proximity to the surface. This lower acceleration at the surface may influence the ability to detect lunge feeding behavior close to the surface. Future research should attempt to determine the cause of this relationship, which may be the influence of changes in the forces acting on the whale or behavioral flexibility by the whale.

Nutrient fluxes from insect herbivory increase during ecosystem retrogression in boreal forest - Daniel B. Metcalfe; Gregory M. Crutsinger; Bright B. Kumordzi; David A. Wardle (Ecology, 2016)
Ecological theory, developed largely from ungulates and grassland systems, predicts that herbivory accelerates nutrient cycling more in productive than unproductive systems. This prediction may be important for understanding patterns of ecosystem change over time and space, but its applicability to other ecosystems and types of herbivore remain uncertain. We estimated fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from herbivory of a common tree species ( Betula pubescens ) by a common species of herbivorous insect along a ~5000‐yr boreal chronosequence. Contrary to established theory, fluxes of N and P via herbivory increased along the chronosequence despite a decline in plant productivity. The herbivore‐mediated N and P fluxes to the soil are comparable to the main alternative pathway for these nutrients via tree leaf litterfall. We conclude that insect herbivores can make large contributions to nutrient cycling even in unproductive systems, and influence the rate and pattern of ecosystem development, particularly in systems with low external nutrient inputs.

Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research - Krista Casazza; Andrew Brown; Arne Astrup; Fredrik Bertz; Charles Baum; Michelle Bohan Brown; John Dawson; Nefertiti Durant; Gareth Dutton; David A. Fields; Kevin R. Fontaine; Steven Heymsfield; et al. (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2015)

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of an endemic Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake (Crotalus triseriatus) in a highly modified agricultural landscape: implications for conservation - Armando Sunny; Octavio Monroy-Vilchis; Martha M. Zarco-González; Germán David Mendoza-Martínez; Daniel Martínez-Gómez (Genetica, 2015)

Processing of visual information compromises the ability of older adults to control novel fine motor tasks - Harsimran S. Baweja; MinHyuk Kwon; Tanya Onushko; David L. Wright; Daniel M. Corcos; Evangelos A. Christou (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Genetic sources of individual variation in parental care behavior - Daniel P. Wetzel; Margret I. Hatch; David F. Westneat (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)

Finding the hotspots within a biodiversity hotspot: fine‐scale biological predictions within a submarine canyon using high‐resolution acoustic mapping techniques - Katleen Robert; Daniel O.B. Jones; Paul A. Tyler; David Van Rooij; Veerle A.I. Huvenne (Marine Ecology, 2015)
Submarine canyons are complex geomorphological features that have been suggested as potential hotspots for biodiversity. However, few canyons have been mapped and studied at high resolution (tens of m). In this study, the four main branches of Whittard Canyon, Northeast Atlantic, were mapped using multibeam and sidescan sonars to examine which environmental variables were most useful in predicting regions of higher biodiversity. The acoustic maps obtained were ground truthed by 13 remotely operated vehicle ( ROV ) video transects at depths ranging from 650 to 4000 m. Over 100 h of video were collected, and used to identify and georeference megabenthic invertebrate species present within specific areas of the canyon. Both general additive models ( GAM s) and random forest ( RF ) were used to build predictive maps for megafaunal abundance, species richness and biodiversity. Vertical walls had the highest diversity of organisms, particularly when colonized by cold‐water corals such as Lophelia pertusa and Solenosmilia variabilis . GAM s and RF gave different predictive maps and external assessment of predictions indicated that the most adequate technique varied based on the response variable considered. By using ensemble mapping approaches, results from more than one model were combined to identify vertical walls most likely to harbour a high biodiversity of organisms or cold‐water corals. Such vertical structures were estimated to represent less than 0.1% of the canyon's surface. The approach developed provides a cost‐effective strategy to facilitate the location of rare biological communities of conservation importance and guide further sampling efforts to help ensure that appropriate monitoring can be implemented.

Prioritization of knowledge needs for sustainable aquaculture: a national and global perspective - Aisla C Jones; Angela Mead; Michel J Kaiser; Melanie C V Austen; Alex W Adrian; Neil A Auchterlonie; Kenneth D Black; Lucy R Blow; Charlotte Bury; Janet H Brown; Gavin M Burnell; Elaine Connolly; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2015)
Aquaculture is currently the fastest expanding global animal food production sector and is a key future contributor to food security. An increase in food security will be dependent upon the development and improvement of sustainable practices. A prioritization exercise was undertaken, focusing on the future knowledge needs to underpin UK sustainable aquaculture (both domestic and imported products) using a ‘task force’ group of 36 ‘practitioners’ and 12 ‘research scientists’ who have an active interest in sustainable aquaculture. A long list of 264 knowledge needs related to sustainable aquaculture was developed in conjunction with the task force. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge need. The top 25 knowledge needs are presented, as scored separately by ‘practitioners’ or ‘research scientists’. There was similar agreement in priorities identified by these two groups. The priority knowledge needs will provide guidance to structure ongoing work to make science accessible to practitioners and help to prioritize future science policy needs and funding. The process of knowledge exchange, and the mechanisms by which this can be achieved, effectively emerged as the top priority for sustainable aquaculture. Viable alternatives to wild fish‐based aquaculture feeds, resource constraints that will potentially limit expansion of aquaculture, sustainable offshore aquaculture and the treatment of sea lice also emerged as strong priorities. Although the exercise was focused on UK needs for sustainable aquaculture, many of the emergent issues are considered to have global application.

Connectivity structures local population dynamics: a long‐term empirical test in a large metapopulation system - Max C. N. Castorani; Daniel C. Reed; Filipe Alberto; Tom W. Bell; Rachel D. Simons; Kyle C. Cavanaugh; David A. Siegel; Peter T. Raimondi (Ecology, 2015)
Ecological theory predicts that demographic connectivity structures the dynamics of local populations within metapopulation systems, but empirical support has been constrained by major limitations in data and methodology. We tested this prediction for giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera , a key habitat‐forming species in temperate coastal ecosystems worldwide, in southern California, USA. We combined a long‐term (22 years), large‐scale (~500 km coastline), high‐resolution census of abundance with novel patch delineation methods and an innovative connectivity measure incorporating oceanographic transport and source fecundity. Connectivity strongly predicted local dynamics (well‐connected patches had lower probabilities of extinction and higher probabilities of colonization, leading to greater likelihoods of occupancy) but this relationship was mediated by patch size. Moreover, the relationship between connectivity and local population dynamics varied over time, possibly due to temporal variation in oceanographic transport processes. Surprisingly, connectivity had a smaller influence on colonization relative to extinction, possibly because local ecological factors differ greatly between extinct and extant patches. Our results provide the first comprehensive evidence that southern California giant kelp populations function as a metapopulation system, challenging the view that populations of this important foundation species are governed exclusively by self‐replenishment.

Effect of initial seedling size, understory competition, and overstory density on the survival and growth of Pinus echinata seedlings underplanted in hardwood forests for restoration - John M. Kabrick; Benjamin O. Knapp; Daniel C. Dey; David R. Larsen (New Forests, 2015)

The short-term toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles toward bacteria through viability, cellular respiration, and lipid peroxidation - Ayca Erdem; David Metzler; Daniel K. Cha; C. P. Huang (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Polyploid and aneuploid detection in apple using a single nucleotide polymorphism array - David Chagné; Chris Kirk; Claire Whitworth; Sylvia Erasmuson; Ross Bicknell; Daniel J. Sargent; Satish Kumar; Michela Troggio (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2015)

Carry-over effects and foraging ground dynamics of a major loggerhead breeding aggregation - Simona A. Ceriani; James D. Roth; Anton D. Tucker; Daniel R. Evans; David S. Addison; Christopher R. Sasso; Llewellyn M. Ehrhart; John F. Weishampel (Marine Biology, 2015)

Sex differences in heart rate variability: a longitudinal study in international elite cross-country skiers - Daniela Schäfer; Gard Filip Gjerdalen; Erik Ekker Solberg; Maria Khokhlova; Victoria Badtieva; David Herzig; Lukas Daniel Trachsel; Patrik Noack; Laura Karavirta; Prisca Eser; Hugo Saner; Matthias Wilhelm (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Climate change turns up the heat on vertebrate pest control - A. David M. Latham; M. Cecilia Latham; Ellen Cieraad; Daniel M. Tompkins; Bruce Warburton (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Adaptive invasive species distribution models: a framework for modeling incipient invasions - Daniel R. Uden; Craig R. Allen; David G. Angeler; Lucía Corral; Kent A. Fricke (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Seascape drivers of M acrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast P acific - Mattias L. Johansson; Filipe Alberto; Daniel C. Reed; Peter T. Raimondi; Nelson C. Coelho; Mary A. Young; Patrick T. Drake; Christopher A. Edwards; Kyle Cavanaugh; Jorge Assis; Lydia B. Ladah; Tom W. Bell; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
At small spatial and temporal scales, genetic differentiation is largely controlled by constraints on gene flow, while genetic diversity across a species' distribution is shaped on longer temporal and spatial scales. We assess the hypothesis that oceanographic transport and other seascape features explain different scales of genetic structure of giant kelp, M acrocystis pyrifera . We followed a hierarchical approach to perform a microsatellite‐based analysis of genetic differentiation in M acrocystis across its distribution in the northeast P acific. We used seascape genetic approaches to identify large‐scale biogeographic population clusters and investigate whether they could be explained by oceanographic transport and other environmental drivers. We then modelled population genetic differentiation within clusters as a function of oceanographic transport and other environmental factors. Five geographic clusters were identified: A laska/ C anada, central C alifornia, continental S anta B arbara, C alifornia C hannel I slands and mainland southern C alifornia/ B aja C alifornia peninsula. The strongest break occurred between central and southern C alifornia, with mainland S anta B arbara sites forming a transition zone between the two. Breaks between clusters corresponded approximately to previously identified biogeographic breaks, but were not solely explained by oceanographic transport. An isolation‐by‐environment ( IBE ) pattern was observed where the northern and southern C hannel I slands clustered together, but not with closer mainland sites, despite the greater distance between them. The strongest environmental association with this IBE pattern was observed with light extinction coefficient, which extends suitable habitat to deeper areas. Within clusters, we found support for previous results showing that oceanographic connectivity plays an important role in the population genetic structure of M acrocystis in the Northern hemisphere.

Geographical variability in the controls of giant kelp biomass dynamics - Tom W. Bell; Kyle C. Cavanaugh; Daniel C. Reed; David A. Siegel (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Coastal marine environments experience a wide range of biotic and abiotic forces that can limit and punctuate the geographical range and abundance of species through time. Determining the relative strengths and nonlinear effects of these processes is vital to understanding the biogeographical structures of species. There has been an ongoing discussion concerning the relative importance of these processes in controlling the dynamics of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera , an important structure‐forming species on shallow reefs in the eastern Pacific. We used novel spatial time‐series that span nearly three decades to determine the dominant drivers of giant kelp canopy biomass and the temporal and spatial scales over which they operate across the dominant range of the giant kelp in North America. Location Near‐shore areas from Año Nuevo, California, to the USA /Mexico border. Methods We employed empirical orthogonal functions to elucidate the primary drivers of giant kelp canopy biomass across space and time and then fit generalized additive and linear models to determine the nonlinear effect and relative importance of each of these potential drivers along the c . 1500‐km study region over a 25‐year period. Results Wave disturbance, nitrate availability and the state of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation were the most important environmental predictors of giant kelp canopy biomass, explaining 24.5%, 12.7% and 6.1% of the variance, respectively. Environmental drivers of canopy biomass exhibited profound spatial differences in relative effect sizes. Nonlinear effect shapes of each potential biomass driver were determined, which explained these spatial differences. Main conclusions These large‐scale analyses help to reconcile the local‐scale conclusions of canopy biomass dynamics across the California coastline and show that these dynamics differ predictably in space and time in accordance with local and regional differences in environmental drivers. By characterizing the nonlinear effects of these drivers, we identified spatio‐temporal patterns of processes that cannot be detected by remote sensing.

Marine protist diversity in E uropean coastal waters and sediments as revealed by high‐throughput sequencing - Ramon Massana; Angélique Gobet; Stéphane Audic; David Bass; Lucie Bittner; Christophe Boutte; Aurélie Chambouvet; Richard Christen; Jean‐Michel Claverie; Johan Decelle; John R. Dolan; Micah Dunthorn; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Although protists are critical components of marine ecosystems, they are still poorly characterized. Here we analysed the taxonomic diversity of planktonic and benthic protist communities collected in six distant E uropean coastal sites. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) from three size fractions (pico‐, nano‐ and micro/mesoplankton), as well as from dissolved DNA and surface sediments were used as templates for tag pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal DNA. Beta‐diversity analyses split the protist community structure into three main clusters: picoplankton‐nanoplankton‐dissolved DNA , micro/mesoplankton and sediments. Within each cluster, protist communities from the same site and time clustered together, while communities from the same site but different seasons were unrelated. Both DNA and RNA ‐based surveys provided similar relative abundances for most class‐level taxonomic groups. Yet, particular groups were overrepresented in one of the two templates, such as marine alveolates ( MALV )‐ I and MALV‐II that were much more abundant in DNA surveys. Overall, the groups displaying the highest relative contribution were Dinophyceae, Diatomea, Ciliophora and Acantharia. Also, well represented were Mamiellophyceae, Cryptomonadales, marine alveolates and marine stramenopiles in the picoplankton, and Monadofilosa and basal F ungi in sediments. Our extensive and systematic sequencing of geographically separated sites provides the most comprehensive molecular description of coastal marine protist diversity to date.

The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on cerebral perfusion in healthy older adults during conscious resting state: a placebo controlled, crossover, acute trial - Daniel J. Lamport; Deepa Pal; Christina Moutsiana; David T. Field; Claire M. Williams; Jeremy P. E. Spencer; Laurie T. Butler (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Antidepressant-like cognitive and behavioral effects of acute ketamine administration associated with plasticity in the ventral hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex pathway - Julianne D. Jett; Angela M. Boley; Milena Girotti; Amiksha Shah; Daniel J. Lodge; David A. Morilak (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Environmental fate of the herbicide MCPA in agricultural soils amended with fresh and aged de-oiled two-phase olive mill waste - David Peña; Antonio López-Piñeiro; Ángel Albarrán; Daniel Becerra; Javier Sánchez-Llerena (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts? - Daniela Zeppilli; Jozée Sarrazin; Daniel Leduc; Pedro Martinez Arbizu; Diego Fontaneto; Christophe Fontanier; Andrew J. Gooday; Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen; Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko; Martin V. Sørensen; Ann Vanreusel; Julien Thébault; et al. (Marine Biodiversity, 2015)

Assessment of census (N) and effective population size (N e ) reveals consistency of N e single-sample estimators and a high N e /N ratio in an urban and isolated population of fire salamanders - David Álvarez; André Lourenço; Daniel Oro; Guillermo Velo-Antón (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2015)

Cell Wall Composition and Bioenergy Potential of Rice Straw Tissues Are Influenced by Environment, Tissue Type, and Genotype - Paul Tanger; Miguel E. Vega-Sánchez; Margaret Fleming; Kim Tran; Seema Singh; James B. Abrahamson; Courtney E. Jahn; Nicholas Santoro; Elizabeth B. Naredo; Marietta Baraoidan; John M. C. Danku; David E. Salt; et al. (BioEnergy Research, 2015)

Membrane Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics: a Perspective from Experiments and Theory - Zoe Cournia; Toby W. Allen; Ioan Andricioaei; Bruno Antonny; Daniel Baum; Grace Brannigan; Nicolae-Viorel Buchete; Jason T. Deckman; Lucie Delemotte; Coral del Val; Ran Friedman; Paraskevi Gkeka; et al. (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2015)

Genetics of skin color variation in Europeans: genome-wide association studies with functional follow-up - Fan Liu; Mijke Visser; David L. Duffy; Pirro G. Hysi; Leonie C. Jacobs; Oscar Lao; Kaiyin Zhong; Susan Walsh; Lakshmi Chaitanya; Andreas Wollstein; Gu Zhu; Grant W. Montgomery; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Spatial Patterns and Functional Redundancies in a Changing Boreal Lake Landscape - David G. Angeler; Craig R. Allen; Daniel R. Uden; Richard K. Johnson (Ecosystems, 2015)

Comparison of low-carbon pathways for California - Geoffrey M. Morrison; Sonia Yeh; Anthony R. Eggert; Christopher Yang; James H. Nelson; Jeffery B. Greenblatt; Raphael Isaac; Mark Z. Jacobson; Josiah Johnston; Daniel M. Kammen; Ana Mileva; Jack Moore; et al. (Climatic Change, 2015)

Comparison of senescence-associated miRNAs in primary skin and lung fibroblasts - Alice C. Holly; Sushma Grellscheid; Pieter van de Walle; David Dolan; Luke C. Pilling; Darren J. Daniels; Thomas von Zglinicki; Luigi Ferrucci; David Melzer; Lorna W. Harries (Biogerontology, 2015)

Thrombin Activity and Thrombin Receptor in Rat Glioblastoma Model: Possible Markers and Targets for Intervention? - Ze’ev Itsekson-Hayosh; Efrat Shavit-Stein; David Last; David Goez; Dianne Daniels; Doron Bushi; Orna Gera; Zion Zibly; Yael Mardor; Joab Chapman; Sagi Harnof (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2015)

Diversity, endemism and conservation of ferns (Polypodiales) in the Mexican Mountain Component - Celia Sanginés-Franco; Isolda Luna-Vega; Raúl Contreras-Medina; David Espinosa; José Daniel Tejero-Díez; Gerardo Rivas (Journal of Mountain Science, 2015)

The cold‐water climate shield: delineating refugia for preserving salmonid fishes through the 21st century - Daniel J. Isaak; Michael K. Young; David E. Nagel; Dona L. Horan; Matthew C. Groce (Global Change Biology, 2015)
The distribution and future fate of ectothermic organisms in a warming world will be dictated by thermalscapes across landscapes. That is particularly true for stream fishes and cold‐water species like trout, salmon, and char that are already constrained to high elevations and latitudes. The extreme climates in those environments also preclude invasions by most non‐native species, so identifying especially cold habitats capable of absorbing future climate change while still supporting native populations would highlight important refugia. By coupling crowd‐sourced biological datasets with high‐resolution stream temperature scenarios, we delineate network refugia across >250 000 stream km in the Northern Rocky Mountains for two native salmonids—bull trout (BT) and cutthroat trout (CT). Under both moderate and extreme climate change scenarios, refugia with high probabilities of trout population occupancy (>0.9) were predicted to exist (33–68 BT refugia; 917–1425 CT refugia). Most refugia are on public lands (>90%) where few currently have protected status in National Parks or Wilderness Areas (

Tracing the origin of the panda’s thumb - Juan Abella; Alejandro Pérez-Ramos; Alberto Valenciano; David M. Alba; Marcos D. Ercoli; Daniel Hontecillas; Plinio Montoya; Jorge Morales (The Science of Nature, 2015)

Monetary discounting and ventral striatal dopamine receptor availability in nontreatment-seeking alcoholics and social drinkers - Brandon G. Oberlin; Daniel S. Albrecht; Christine M. Herring; James W. Walters; Karen L. Hile; David A. Kareken; Karmen K. Yoder (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Contemporary evolution of resistance at the major insecticide target site gene Ace‐1 by mutation and copy number variation in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae - David Weetman; Sara N. Mitchell; Craig S. Wilding; Daniel P. Birks; Alexander E. Yawson; John Essandoh; Henry D. Mawejje; Luc S. Djogbenou; Keith Steen; Emily J. Rippon; Christopher S. Clarkson; Stuart G. Field; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Functionally constrained genes are ideal insecticide targets because disruption is often fatal, and resistance mutations are typically costly. Synaptic acetylcholinesterase ( AC hE) is an essential neurotransmission enzyme targeted by insecticides used increasingly in malaria control. In Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, a glycine–serine substitution at codon 119 of the Ace‐1 gene confers both resistance and fitness costs, especially for 119S/S homozygotes. G119S in Anopheles gambiae from Accra (Ghana) is strongly associated with resistance, and, despite expectations of cost, resistant 119S alleles are increasing significantly in frequency. Sequencing of Accra females detected only a single Ace‐1 119S haplotype, whereas 119G diversity was high overall but very low at non‐synonymous sites, evidence of strong purifying selection driven by functional constraint. Flanking microsatellites showed reduced diversity, elevated linkage disequilibrium and high differentiation of 119S, relative to 119G homozygotes across up to two megabases of the genome. Yet these signals of selection were inconsistent and sometimes weak tens of kilobases from Ace‐1 . This unexpected finding is attributable to apparently ubiquitous amplification of 119S alleles as part of a large copy number variant ( CNV ) far exceeding the size of the Ace‐1 gene, whereas 119G alleles were unduplicated. Ace‐1 CNV was detectable in archived samples collected when the 119S allele was rare in Ghana. Multicopy amplification of resistant alleles has not been observed previously and is likely to underpin the recent increase in 119S frequency. The large CNV compromised localization of the strong selective sweep around Ace‐1 , emphasizing the need to integrate CNV analysis into genome scans for selection.

The linkages between photosynthesis, productivity, growth and biomass in lowland Amazonian forests - Yadvinder Malhi; Christopher E. Doughty; Gregory R. Goldsmith; Daniel B. Metcalfe; Cécile A. J. Girardin; Toby R. Marthews; Jhon del Aguila‐Pasquel; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami; Paulo Brando; Antonio C. L. da Costa; Javier E. Silva‐Espejo; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Understanding the relationship between photosynthesis, net primary productivity and growth in forest ecosystems is key to understanding how these ecosystems will respond to global anthropogenic change, yet the linkages among these components are rarely explored in detail. We provide the first comprehensive description of the productivity, respiration and carbon allocation of contrasting lowland Amazonian forests spanning gradients in seasonal water deficit and soil fertility. Using the largest data set assembled to date, ten sites in three countries all studied with a standardized methodology, we find that (i) gross primary productivity ( GPP ) has a simple relationship with seasonal water deficit, but that (ii) site‐to‐site variations in GPP have little power in explaining site‐to‐site spatial variations in net primary productivity ( NPP ) or growth because of concomitant changes in carbon use efficiency ( CUE ), and conversely, the woody growth rate of a tropical forest is a very poor proxy for its productivity. Moreover, (iii) spatial patterns of biomass are much more driven by patterns of residence times (i.e. tree mortality rates) than by spatial variation in productivity or tree growth. Current theory and models of tropical forest carbon cycling under projected scenarios of global atmospheric change can benefit from advancing beyond a focus on GPP . By improving our understanding of poorly understood processes such as CUE , NPP allocation and biomass turnover times, we can provide more complete and mechanistic approaches to linking climate and tropical forest carbon cycling.

Climate‐induced changes in host tree–insect phenology may drive ecological state‐shift in boreal forests - Deepa S. Pureswaran; Louis De Grandpré; David Paré; Anthony Taylor; Martin Barrette; Hubert Morin; Jacques Régnière; Daniel D. Kneeshaw (Ecology, 2015)
Climate change is altering insect disturbance regimes via temperature‐mediated phenological changes and trophic interactions among host trees, herbivorous insects, and their natural enemies in boreal forests. Range expansion and increase in outbreak severity of forest insects are occurring in Europe and North America. The degree to which northern forest ecosystems are resilient to novel disturbance regimes will have direct consequences for the provisioning of goods and services from these forests and for long‐term forest management planning. Among major ecological disturbance agents in the boreal forests of North America is a tortricid moth, the eastern spruce budworm, which defoliates fir ( Abies spp.) and spruce ( Picea spp.). Northern expansion of this defoliator in eastern North America and climate‐induced narrowing of the phenological mismatch between the insect and its secondary host, black spruce ( Picea mariana ), may permit greater defoliation and mortality in extensive northern black spruce forests. Although spruce budworm outbreak centers have appeared in the boreal black spruce zone historically, defoliation and mortality were minor. Potential increases in outbreak severity and tree mortality raise concerns about the future state of this northern ecosystem. Severe spruce budworm outbreaks could decrease stand productivity compared with their occurrence in more diverse, southern balsam fir forest landscapes that have coevolved with outbreaks. Furthermore, depending on the proportion of balsam fir and deciduous species present and fire recurrence, changes in regeneration patterns and in nutrient cycling could alter ecosystem dynamics and replace black spruce by more productive mixed‐wood forest, or by less productive ericaceous shrublands. Long‐term monitoring, manipulative experiments, and process modeling of climate‐induced phenological changes on herbivorous insect pests, their host tree species, and natural enemies in northern forests are therefore crucial to predicting species range shifts and assessing ecological and economic impacts.

Information and communication technologies and climate change adaptation in Latin America and the Caribbean: a framework for action - Hallie Eakin; Pedro M. Wightman; David Hsu; Vladimir R. Gil Ramón; Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras; Megan P. Cox; Tracy-Ann N. Hyman; Carlos Pacas; Fernando Borraz; Claudia González-Brambila; Diego Ponce de León Barido; Daniel M. Kammen (Climate and Development, 2015)

Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell and Minocycline-Loaded Hydrogels Inhibit the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus that Evades Immunomodulation of Blood-Derived Leukocytes - Alberto Daniel Guerra; David Antonio Cantu; Joseph T. Vecchi; Warren E. Rose; Peiman Hematti; Weiyuan John Kao (The AAPS Journal, 2015)

The effects of extremely wet planting conditions on maize and soybean yields - Daniel W. Urban; Michael J. Roberts; Wolfram Schlenker; David B. Lobell (Climatic Change, 2015)

Phytophthora in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area - Kelly Scarlett; Rosalie Daniel; Lucas A. Shuttleworth; Bindu Roy; Thomas F. A. Bishop; David I. Guest (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2015)

Effects of a major municipal effluent on the St. Lawrence River: A case study - David J. Marcogliese; Christian Blaise; Daniel Cyr; Yves de Lafontaine; Michel Fournier; François Gagné; Christian Gagnon; Christiane Hudon (Ambio, 2015)

BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants - Daniel S. Falster; Remko A. Duursma; Masae I. Ishihara; Diego R. Barneche; Richard G. FitzJohn; Angelica Vårhammar; Masahiro Aiba; Makoto Ando; Niels Anten; Michael J. Aspinwall; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Christopher Baraloto; et al. (Ecology, 2015)
Understanding how plants are constructed—i.e., how key size dimensions and the amount of mass invested in different tissues varies among individuals—is essential for modeling plant growth, carbon stocks, and energy fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. Allocation patterns can differ through ontogeny, but also among coexisting species and among species adapted to different environments. While a variety of models dealing with biomass allocation exist, we lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying processes. This is partly due to the lack of suitable data sets for validating and parameterizing models. To that end, we present the Biomass And Allometry Database (BAAD) for woody plants. The BAAD contains 259 634 measurements collected in 176 different studies, from 21 084 individuals across 678 species. Most of these data come from existing publications. However, raw data were rarely made public at the time of publication. Thus, the BAAD contains data from different studies, transformed into standard units and variable names. The transformations were achieved using a common workflow for all raw data files. Other features that distinguish the BAAD are: (i) measurements were for individual plants rather than stand averages; (ii) individuals spanning a range of sizes were measured; (iii) plants from 0.01–100 m in height were included; and (iv) biomass was estimated directly, i.e., not indirectly via allometric equations (except in very large trees where biomass was estimated from detailed sub‐sampling). We included both wild and artificially grown plants. The data set contains the following size metrics: total leaf area; area of stem cross‐section including sapwood, heartwood, and bark; height of plant and crown base, crown area, and surface area; and the dry mass of leaf, stem, branches, sapwood, heartwood, bark, coarse roots, and fine root tissues. We also report other properties of individuals (age, leaf size, leaf mass per area, wood density, nitrogen content of leaves and wood), as well as information about the growing environment (location, light, experimental treatment, vegetation type) where available. It is our hope that making these data available will improve our ability to understand plant growth, ecosystem dynamics, and carbon cycling in the world's vegetation.

The pharmaceutical industry and natural products: historical status and new trends - Bruno David; Jean-Luc Wolfender; Daniel A. Dias (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2015)

BMP-2 and TGF-β1 mediate biglycan-induced pro-osteogenic reprogramming in aortic valve interstitial cells - Rui Song; David A. Fullerton; Lihua Ao; Daniel Zheng; Ke-seng Zhao; Xianzhong Meng (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2015)

Associations of prostate cancer risk variants with disease aggressiveness: results of the NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group analysis of 18,343 cases - Brian T. Helfand; Kimberly A. Roehl; Phillip R. Cooper; Barry B. McGuire; Liesel M. Fitzgerald; Geraldine Cancel-Tassin; Jean-Nicolas Cornu; Scott Bauer; Erin L. Van Blarigan; Xin Chen; David Duggan; Elaine A. Ostrander; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Isolation of progenitor cells from the blubber of northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) in order to obtain an in vitro adipocyte model—preliminary results - Caroline Louis; Michael S. Tift; Daniel E. Crocker; David Alexander; Donald R. Smith; Cathy Debier (Marine Mammal Science, 2015)

Sedative options for fish research: a brief review with new data on sedation of warm-, cool-, and coldwater fishes and recommendations for the drug approval process - James D. Bowker; Jesse T. Trushenski; David C. Glover; Daniel G. Carty; Niccole Wandelear (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2015)

Isolation, Characterization and Assessment of Pseudomonas sp. VITDM1 for Electricity Generation in a Microbial Fuel Cell - R. Manogari; David K. Daniel (Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2015)

Analytical approaches to support current understanding of exposure, uptake and distributions of engineered nanoparticles by aquatic and terrestrial organisms - Carolin Schultz; Kate Powell; Alison Crossley; Kerstin Jurkschat; Peter Kille; A. John Morgan; Daniel Read; William Tyne; Elma Lahive; Claus Svendsen; David J. Spurgeon (Ecotoxicology, 2015)

Songbirds as sentinels of mercury in terrestrial habitats of eastern North America - Allyson K. Jackson; David C. Evers; Evan M. Adams; Daniel A. Cristol; Collin Eagles-Smith; Samuel T. Edmonds; Carrie E. Gray; Bart Hoskins; Oksana P. Lane; Amy Sauer; Timothy Tear (Ecotoxicology, 2015)

Pulse Wave Velocity Prediction and Compliance Assessment in Elastic Arterial Segments - Jeffrey S. Lillie; Alexander S. Liberson; Doran Mix; Karl Q. Schwarz; Ankur Chandra; Daniel B. Phillips; Steven W. Day; David A. Borkholder (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2015)

Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings XVI: fouling-release properties of amphiphilic polysiloxane coatings - Shane J. Stafslien; David Christianson; Justin Daniels; Lyndsi VanderWal; Andrey Chernykh; Bret J. Chisholm (Biofouling, 2015)

Animal model of Sar1b deficiency presents lipid absorption deficits similar to Anderson disease - Daniel S. Levic; JR Minkel; Wen-Der Wang; Witold M. Rybski; David B. Melville; Ela W. Knapik (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2015)

Genome edited sheep and cattle - Chris Proudfoot; Daniel F. Carlson; Rachel Huddart; Charles R. Long; Jane H. Pryor; Tim J. King; Simon G. Lillico; Alan J. Mileham; David G. McLaren; C. Bruce A. Whitelaw; Scott C. Fahrenkrug (Transgenic Research, 2015)

Predicting the predatory impacts of the “demon shrimp” Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, on native and previously introduced species - Helene C. Bovy; Daniel Barrios-O’Neill; Mark C. Emmerson; David C. Aldridge; Jaimie T. A. Dick (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Site and Clone Effects on the Potato Root-Associated Core Microbiome and its Relationship to Tuber Yield and Nutrients - Brittany A. Barnett; David G. Holm; Jeffery W. Koym; Robert G. Wilson; Daniel K. Manter (American Journal of Potato Research, 2015)

North or south? Niche separation of endemic red‐legged kittiwakes and sympatric black‐legged kittiwakes during their non‐breeding migrations - Rachael A. Orben; David B. Irons; Rosana Paredes; Daniel D. Roby; Richard A. Phillips; Scott A. Shaffer (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Species that breed sympatrically often occupy different foraging niches to mitigate competition for prey. When resource availability declines at the end of the breeding season, some animals migrate to regions with more favourable environmental conditions. When these life‐history traits combine, foraging habitat preferences may continue to influence migration patterns and habitat utilization. The Bering Sea is home to the red‐legged kittiwake ( RLKI ), Rissa brevirostris , which is endemic, and the black‐legged kittiwake ( BLKI ), Rissa tridactyla , which has a circumpolar breeding distribution. Since the 1970s, numbers of RLKI s at the largest colony have declined and then recovered, whilst the BLKI population has remained stable. Knowledge of the migration ecology of kittiwakes is key to understanding differences in population trajectories, and predicting possible future responses of these species to climate change. Location Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, subarctic North Pacific. Methods Using geolocation loggers, we tracked adult RLKI s and BLKI s during their non‐breeding migrations. We used iterative methods to assess suitable sample sizes for determining space use. Kittiwakes are surface foragers; therefore we used wet–dry data to distinguish active foraging behaviour and to test the species' responses to environmental conditions. Stable isotope ratios of feathers grown during the non‐breeding period were used to assess dietary niche. Results RLKI s remained largely in the Bering Sea, where they experienced colder conditions and shorter days; individual birds used multiple habitats, including the continental shelves, the sea‐ice edge and pelagic waters. In contrast, BLKI s migrated to the subarctic North Pacific, where they dispersed laterally across the basin; the majority of birds travelled to the western subarctic. RLKI s spent less time actively foraging than BLKI s, and consumed higher trophic‐level prey. Main conclusions The disparate wintering ranges and foraging behaviour of BLKI s and RLKI s suggest distinct environmental factors drive variation in overwinter survival. A strong association with sea ice, and specialization both in diet and foraging behaviour, may make RLKI s particularly vulnerable to climatic change.

CTFS ‐Forest GEO : a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Stuart J. Davies; Amy C. Bennett; Erika B. Gonzalez‐Akre; Helene C. Muller‐Landau; S. Joseph Wright; Kamariah Abu Salim; Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Alfonso Alonso; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Yves Basset; Norman A. Bourg; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long‐term forest dynamics research sites ( CTFS ‐Forest GEO ) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS ‐Forest GEO spans 25°S–61°N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS ‐Forest GEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ±30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m −2 yr −1 and 3.1 g S m −2 yr −1 ), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS ‐Forest GEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS ‐Forest GEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.

Virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans is enhanced in biofilms containing oral bacteria - Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti; Daniel James Morse; Wander José da Silva; Altair Antoninha Del-Bel-Cury; Xiaoqing Wei; Melanie Wilson; Paul Milward; Michael Lewis; David Bradshaw; David Wynne Williams (Biofouling, 2015)

The neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant in co-morbid alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder: a human experimental study - Laura E. Kwako; David T. George; Melanie L. Schwandt; Primavera A. Spagnolo; Reza Momenan; Daniel W. Hommer; Christine A. Diamond; Rajita Sinha; Yavin Shaham; Markus Heilig (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Allometry of Male Grasping Apparatus in Odonates Does Not Suggest Physical Coercion of Females - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar; David E. Vrech; Miguel Rivas; Angela Nava-Bolaños; Daniel González-Tokman; Enrique González-Soriano (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2015)

Direct and Indirect Drivers of Moss Community Structure, Function, and Associated Microfauna Across a Successional Gradient - Micael Jonsson; Paul Kardol; Michael J. Gundale; Sheel Bansal; Marie-Charlotte Nilsson; Daniel B. Metcalfe; David A. Wardle (Ecosystems, 2015)

Nuclear accidents call for transdisciplinary nuclear energy research - Fabienne Gralla; David J. Abson; Anders P. Møller; Daniel J. Lang; Ulli Vilsmaier; Benjamin K. Sovacool; Henrik von Wehrden (Sustainability Science, 2015)

Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes - Tommaso Jucker; Olivier Bouriaud; Daniel Avacaritei; David A. Coomes (Ecology Letters, 2014)
Both theory and evidence suggest that diversity stabilises productivity in herbaceous plant communities through a combination of overyielding, species asynchrony and favourable species interactions. However, whether these same processes also promote stability in forest ecosystems has never been tested. Using tree ring data from permanent forest plots across Europe, we show that aboveground wood production is inherently more stable through time in mixed‐species forests. Faster rates of wood production (i.e. overyielding), decreased year‐to‐year variation in productivity through asynchronous responses of species to climate, and greater temporal stability in the growth rates of individual tree species all contributed strongly to stabilising productivity in mixed stands. Together, these findings reveal the central role of diversity in stabilising productivity in forests, and bring us closer to understanding the processes which enable diverse forests to remain productive under a wide range of environmental conditions.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Lead Exposure in Endangered California Condors during 15 Years of Reintroduction - TERRA R. KELLY; JESSE GRANTHAM; DANIEL GEORGE; ALACIA WELCH; JOSEPH BRANDT; L. JOSEPH BURNETT; KELLY J. SORENSON; MATTHEW JOHNSON; ROBERT POPPENGA; DAVID MOEN; JAMES RASICO; JAMES W. RIVERS; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Large‐scale poisoning events are common to scavenging bird species that forage communally, many of which are in decline. To reduce the threat of poisoning and compensate for other persistent threats, management, including supplemental feeding, is ongoing for many reintroduced and endangered vulture populations. Through a longitudinal study of lead exposure in California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) , we illustrate the conservation challenges inherent in reintroduction of an endangered species to the wild when pervasive threats have not been eliminated. We evaluated population‐wide patterns in blood lead levels from 1997 to 2011 and assessed a broad range of putative demographic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors for elevated lead exposure among reintroduced California condors in California (United States). We also assessed the effectiveness of lead ammunition regulations within the condor's range in California by comparing condor blood lead levels before and after implementation of the regulations. Lead exposure was a pervasive threat to California condors despite recent regulations limiting lead ammunition use. In addition, condor lead levels significantly increased as age and independence from intensive management increased, including increasing time spent away from managed release sites, and decreasing reliance on food provisions. Greater independence among an increasing number of reintroduced condors has therefore elevated the population's risk of lead exposure and limited the effectiveness of lead reduction efforts to date. Our findings highlight the challenges of restoring endangered vulture populations as they mature and become less reliant on management actions necessary to compensate for persistent threats. Patrones Espaciotemporales y Factores de Riesgo por Exposición a Plomo en Cóndores de California Durante 15 Años de Reintroducción

A Novel High-Speed Imaging Technique to Predict the Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Solution Based Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers - Nicolas A. Buchmann; Daniel J. Duke; Sayed A. Shakiba; Daniel M. Mitchell; Peter J. Stewart; Daniela Traini; Paul M. Young; David A. Lewis; Julio Soria; Damon Honnery (Pharmaceutical Research, 2014)

Contrasting in vitro vs. in vivo effects of a cell membrane-specific CC-chemokine binding protein on macrophage chemotaxis - Eileen McNeill; Asif J. Iqbal; Jyoti Patel; Gemma E. White; Daniel Regan-Komito; David R. Greaves; Keith M. Channon (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2014)

Microscale sulfur cycling in the phototrophic pink berry consortia of the S ippewissett S alt M arsh - Elizabeth G. Wilbanks; Ulrike Jaekel; Verena Salman; Parris T. Humphrey; Jonathan A. Eisen; Marc T. Facciotti; Daniel H. Buckley; Stephen H. Zinder; Gregory K. Druschel; David A. Fike; Victoria J. Orphan (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary Microbial metabolism is the engine that drives global biogeochemical cycles, yet many key transformations are carried out by microbial consortia over short spatiotemporal scales that elude detection by traditional analytical approaches. We investigate syntrophic sulfur cycling in the ‘pink berry’ consortia of the S ippewissett S alt M arsh through an integrative study at the microbial scale. The pink berries are macroscopic, photosynthetic microbial aggregates composed primarily of two closely associated species: sulfide‐oxidizing purple sulfur bacteria ( PB ‐ PSB 1) and sulfate‐reducing bacteria ( PB ‐ SRB 1). Using metagenomic sequencing and 34 S ‐enriched sulfate stable isotope probing coupled with nanoSIMS , we demonstrate interspecies transfer of reduced sulfur metabolites from PB ‐ SRB 1 to PB ‐ PSB 1. The pink berries catalyse net sulfide oxidation and maintain internal sulfide concentrations of 0–500 μ m . Sulfide within the berries, captured on silver wires and analysed using secondary ion mass spectrometer, increased in abundance towards the berry interior, while δ 34 S‐ sulfide decreased from 6‰ to −31‰ from the exterior to interior of the berry. These values correspond to sulfate–sulfide isotopic fractionations (15–53‰) consistent with either sulfate reduction or a mixture of reductive and oxidative metabolisms. Together this combined metagenomic and high‐resolution isotopic analysis demonstrates active sulfur cycling at the microscale within well‐structured macroscopic consortia consisting of sulfide‐oxidizing anoxygenic phototrophs and sulfate‐reducing bacteria.

Over 75 years of zooplankton data from Australia - Claire H. Davies; Amelia J. Armstrong; Mark Baird; Frank Coman; Steven Edgar; Daniel Gaughan; Jack Greenwood; Felipe Gusmão; Natasha Henschke; J. Anthony Koslow; Sophie C. Leterme; A. David McKinnon; et al. (Ecology, 2014)
Zooplankton are the key trophic link between primary producers and fish in pelagic ecosystems. Historically, there are few zooplankton time series in Australia, with no data sets longer than two years prior to 2008. Here we compile 98 676 abundance records of more than 1000 zooplankton taxa from unpublished research cruises, student projects, published literature, and the recent Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS). This data set covers the entire coastal and shelf region of Australia and dates back to 1938. Most records are for copepods, but there are also data for other taxa such as decapods, chaetognaths, thaliaceans, appendicularians, and cladocerans. Metadata are provided for each record, including dates, coordinates, and information on mesh size and sampling methods. To facilitate analysis across the multiple data sets, we have updated the species names according to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and converted units to abundance per cubic meter. These data will be valuable for studies of biodiversity, biogeography, impacts of climate change, and ecosystem health. We encourage researchers holding additional Australian zooplankton data to contact us and contribute their data to the data set so we can periodically publish updates.

In silico study of wall-associated kinase family reveals large-scale genomic expansion potentially connected with functional diversification in Populus - Kévin Tocquard; Clément Lafon-Placette; Daniel Auguin; Beatriz Muries; Gisèle Bronner; David Lopez; Boris Fumanal; Jérôme Franchel; Sylvain Bourgerie; Stéphane Maury; Philippe Label; Jean-Louis Julien; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2014)

Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota - Andrew J. Constable; Jessica Melbourne‐Thomas; Stuart P. Corney; Kevin R. Arrigo; Christophe Barbraud; David K. A. Barnes; Nathaniel L. Bindoff; Philip W. Boyd; Angelika Brandt; Daniel P. Costa; Andrew T. Davidson; Hugh W. Ducklow; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Antarctic and Southern Ocean ( ASO ) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole‐ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole‐ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species‐specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.

Extreme tadpoles II: the highly derived larval anatomy of Occidozyga baluensis (Boulenger, 1896), an obligate carnivorous tadpole - Alexander Haas; Jana Pohlmeyer; David S. McLeod; Thomas Kleinteich; Stefan T. Hertwig; Indraneil Das; Daniel R. Buchholz (Zoomorphology, 2014)

Growth and Flowering Responses of Sea Marigold to Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, or Uniconazole Applied as Drenches or Sprays - Sean T. Carver; Michael A. Arnold; David H. Byrne; Anna R. Armitage; R. Daniel Lineberger; Andrew R. King (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2014)

Soluble biglycan induces the production of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in human aortic valve interstitial cells through TLR2/4 and the ERK1/2 pathway - Rui Song; Lihua Ao; Ke-seng Zhao; Daniel Zheng; Neil Venardos; David A. Fullerton; Xianzhong Meng (Inflammation Research, 2014)

Effects of Flooding and Tamarisk Removal on Habitat for Sensitive Fish Species in the San Rafael River, Utah: Implications for Fish Habitat Enhancement and Future Restoration Efforts - Daniel L. Keller; Brian G. Laub; Paul Birdsey; David J. Dean (Environmental Management, 2014)

Plant Conservation Challenges in the Bahama Archipelago - Eric Carey; Lynn Gape; B. Naqqi Manco; Dion Hepburn; Ross L. Smith; Lindy Knowles; David Knowles; Mark Daniels; Michael A. Vincent; Ethan Freid; Brett Jestrow; M. Patrick Griffith; et al. (The Botanical Review, 2014)

The role of atmospheric conditions in the seasonal dynamics of North American migration flyways - Frank A. La Sorte; Daniel Fink; Wesley M. Hochachka; Andrew Farnsworth; Amanda D. Rodewald; Kenneth V. Rosenberg; Brian L. Sullivan; David W. Winkler; Chris Wood; Steve Kelling (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)
Aim Avian migration strategies balance the costs and benefits of annual movements between breeding and wintering grounds. If similar constraints affect a large numbers of species, geographical concentrations of migration routes, or migration flyways, may result. Here we provide the first population‐level empirical evaluation of the structure and seasonal dynamics of migration flyways for North American terrestrial birds and their association with atmospheric conditions. Location Contiguous USA . Methods We modelled weekly probability of occurrence for 93 migratory species using spatio‐temporal exploratory models and eB ird occurrence data for the combined period 2004 to 2011. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to identify species with shared migration routes based on normalized spatio‐temporal representations of autumn migration. We summarized atmospheric conditions within flyways using nocturnal wind velocity and bearing estimated at three isobaric levels (725, 825 and 925 mbar) for the combined period 2008 to 2011. Results We identified three migration flyways: an eastern and western flyway whose paths shifted westwards in the spring, and a central flyway whose core boundaries overlapped with the eastern flyway and whose width was more constricted in the autumn. The seasonal shift of the eastern flyway created potentially longer migration journeys in the spring, but this longer route coincides with a low‐level jet stream that may enhance migration speeds. Atmospheric conditions appeared to have a more limited role in the seasonal dynamics of the western flyway. Main conclusions Migration routes for terrestrial species in North America can be organized into three broadly defined migration flyways: a geographically distinct flyway located west of the 103rd meridian and two interrelated flyways located east of the 103rd meridian. Seasonal shifts in flyway locations reflect the influence of looped migration strategies that for the eastern flyway can be explained by the trade‐off between minimizing total migration distance while maintaining an association with favourable atmospheric conditions.

Distinct dissolved organic matter sources induce rapid transcriptional responses in coexisting populations of P rochlorococcus , P elagibacter and the OM60 clade - Adrian K. Sharma; Jamie W. Becker; Elizabeth A. Ottesen; Jessica A. Bryant; Solange Duhamel; David M. Karl; Otto X. Cordero; Daniel J. Repeta; Edward F. DeLong (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary A considerable fraction of the E arth's organic carbon exists in dissolved form in seawater. To investigate the roles of planktonic marine microbes in the biogeochemical cycling of this dissolved organic matter ( DOM ), we performed controlled seawater incubation experiments and followed the responses of an oligotrophic surface water microbial assemblage to perturbations with DOM derived from an axenic culture of P rochlorococcus , or high‐molecular weight DOM concentrated from nearby surface waters. The rapid transcriptional responses of both P rochlorococcus and P elagibacter populations suggested the utilization of organic nitrogen compounds common to both DOM treatments. Along with these responses, both populations demonstrated decreases in gene transcripts associated with nitrogen stress, including those involved in ammonium acquisition. In contrast, responses from low abundance organisms of the NOR5/OM60 gammaproteobacteria were observed later in the experiment, and included elevated levels of gene transcripts associated with polysaccharide uptake and oxidation. In total, these results suggest that numerically dominant oligotrophic microbes rapidly acquire nitrogen from commonly available organic sources, and also point to an important role for carbohydrates found within the DOM pool for sustaining the less abundant microorganisms in these oligotrophic systems.

Dynamics of the exponential integrate-and-fire model with slow currents and adaptation - Victor J. Barranca; Daniel C. Johnson; Jennifer L. Moyher; Joshua P. Sauppe; Maxim S. Shkarayev; Gregor Kovačič; David Cai (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2014)

Vaccine immunotherapy for prostate cancer: from mice to men - David M. Lubaroff; Daniel Vaena; James A. Brown; Pamela Zehr; Karen C. Griffith; Erica Brown; Julie Eastman; Kenneth Nepple; Ambika Kattula; Richard D. Williams (Immunologic Research, 2014)

Disturbance and diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi: effects of canopy gaps and downed woody debris - Nicholas J. Brazee; Daniel L. Lindner; Anthony W. D’Amato; Shawn Fraver; Jodi A. Forrester; David J. Mladenoff (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014)

F 16915 prevents heart failure-induced atrial fibrillation: a promising new drug as upstream therapy - Bruno Le Grand; Robert Letienne; Elisabeth Dupont-Passelaigue; Frédérique Lantoine-Adam; Frédéric Longo; Monique David-Dufilho; Georghia Michael; Kunihiro Nishida; Daniel Catheline; Philippe Legrand; Stéphane Hatem; Stanley Nattel (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2014)

Measuring translational diffusion coefficients of peptides and proteins by PFG-NMR using band-selective RF pulses - Shenggen Yao; Daniel K. Weber; Frances Separovic; David W. Keizer (European Biophysics Journal, 2014)

Garcinielliptone FC, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from Platonia insignis Mart., promotes vasorelaxant effect on rat mesenteric artery - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo; Joaquim Soares da Costa-Júnior; Lucas Henrique Porfírio Moura; Alexandre Barros Falcão Ferraz; Raíssa Rebés Rossatto; Jorge Maurício David; Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior; Rita de Cássia Meneses Oliveira; Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó; Aldeídia Pereira de Oliveira (Natural Product Research, 2014)

Comparing the Effects of Aquatic Stressors on Model Temperate Freshwater Aquatic Communities - Sabrina A. Dalinsky; Lewis M. Lolya; Jennifer L. Maguder; Joshua L. B. Pierce; Daniel L. Kelting; Corey L. Laxson; David A. Patrick (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Cerebral Aneurysm Pathogenesis - Robert M. Starke; Nohra Chalouhi; Dale Ding; Daniel M. S. Raper; M. Sean Mckisic; Gary K. Owens; David M. Hasan; Ricky Medel; Aaron S. Dumont (Translational Stroke Research, 2014)

Fears and Misperceptions of Radiation Therapy: Sources and Impact on Decision-Making and Anxiety - Caitlin Gillan; Daniel Abrams; Nicole Harnett; David Wiljer; Pamela Catton (Journal of Cancer Education, 2014)

Preface - Dietmar Straile; Daniel Gerdeaux; David M. Livingstone; Peeter Nõges; Frank Peeters; Karl-Otto Rothhaupt (Hydrobiologia, 2014)

Environmental determinants of woody and herbaceous riparian vegetation patterns in a semi-arid mediterranean basin - Daniel Bruno; Oscar Belmar; David Sánchez-Fernández; Josefa Velasco (Hydrobiologia, 2014)

Development of disease management recommendations for the durian and jackfruit industries in the Philippines using farmer participatory research - Rosalie Daniel; Lucia M. Borines; Concepcion Soguilon; Cyril Montiel; Victoria G. Palermo; Gil A. Guadalquiver; Miguel Pedroso; Romualdo Marcelino; Belly T. Dionio; Merlina H. Juruena; David Guest (Food Security, 2014)

Genome-wide association study of peripheral neuropathy with D-drug-containing regimens in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384 - Paul D. Leger; Daniel H. Johnson; Gregory K. Robbins; Robert W. Shafer; David B. Clifford; Jun Li; Paul J. McLaren; David W. Haas (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

Amphiphilic triblock copolymers with PEGylated hydrocarbon structures as environmentally friendly marine antifouling and fouling-release coatings - Zhaoli Zhou; David R. Calabrese; Warren Taylor; John A. Finlay; Maureen E. Callow; James A. Callow; Daniel Fischer; Edward J. Kramer; Christopher K. Ober (Biofouling, 2014)

Remote Antarctic feeding ground important for east Australian humpback whales - Rochelle Constantine; Debbie Steel; Judy Allen; Megan Anderson; Olive Andrews; C. Scott Baker; Peta Beeman; Daniel Burns; Jean-Benoît Charrassin; Simon Childerhouse; Michael Double; Paul Ensor; et al. (Marine Biology, 2014)

Carbon and water flux responses to physiology by environment interactions: a sensitivity analysis of variation in climate on photosynthetic and stomatal parameters - William L. Bauerle; Alex B. Daniels; David M. Barnard (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Modulates Cerebral Aneurysm Formation and Rupture - Robert M. Starke; Daniel M. S. Raper; Dale Ding; Nohra Chalouhi; Gary K. Owens; David M. Hasan; Ricky Medel; Aaron S. Dumont (Translational Stroke Research, 2014)

An ecological function and services approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) prioritization - Robert K. Hall; David Guiliano; Sherman Swanson; Michael J. Philbin; John Lin; Joan L. Aron; Robin J. Schafer; Daniel T. Heggem (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

The future of sustainability science: a solutions-oriented research agenda - Thaddeus R. Miller; Arnim Wiek; Daniel Sarewitz; John Robinson; Lennart Olsson; David Kriebel; Derk Loorbach (Sustainability Science, 2014)

Abdominally implanted satellite transmitters affect reproduction and survival rather than migration of large shorebirds - Jos C. E. W. Hooijmeijer; Robert E. Gill; Daniel M. Mulcahy; T. Lee Tibbitts; Rosemarie Kentie; Gerrit J. Gerritsen; Leo W. Bruinzeel; David C. Tijssen; Christopher M. Harwood; Theunis Piersma (Journal of Ornithology, 2014)

Migratory movements of individual humpback whales photographed off the eastern coast of Australia - Daniel Burns; Lyndon Brooks; Peter Harrison; Trish Franklin; Wally Franklin; David Paton; Phil Clapham (Marine Mammal Science, 2014)
Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low‐latitude breeding grounds to high‐latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the assumption that whales transit directly through the migratory corridor off the east coast of Australia requires further investigation. From 2003 to 2005, we followed the movements of 99 individual whales within one migratory cycle from three locations, off Byron Bay during the whales' northern migration and in Hervey Bay and at Ballina during the southern migration. The median sighting interval of whales between Byron Bay and Hervey Bay ( n = 26) was 52 d ( IQR = 42.5–75.5); between Byron Bay and Ballina ( n = 21) was 59 d ( IQR = 47.0–70.0); and between Hervey Bay and Ballina ( n = 33) was 9 d (8.0–14.0). The overall pattern observed from these resightings suggests that Group E1 humpback whales spend approximately two months in the northern quarter of their range during the austral winter months. Intraseason resightings of whales at Ballina ( n = 13, median sighting interval = 7 d) also suggest that some individuals, particularly adult males, may circle back north during their general southward journey along this part of the coast, perhaps in an attempt to increase mating opportunities.

Time flies when you are in a groove: using entrainment to mechanical resonance to teach a desired movement distorts the perception of the movement’s timing - Daniel K. Zondervan; Jaime E. Duarte; Justin B. Rowe; David J. Reinkensmeyer (Experimental Brain Research, 2014)

Circadian Release of Male-Specific Components of the Greater Date Moth, Aphomia (Arenipses) Sabella, Using Sequential SPME/GC/MS Analysis - Anat Levi-Zada; Maayan David; Daniela Fefer; Valeriya Seplyarsky; Avraham Sadowsky; Svetlana Dobrinin; Tamir Ticuchinski; Dafna Harari; Daniel Blumberg; Ezra Dunkelblum (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

Low interbasin connectivity in a facultatively diadromous fish: evidence from genetics and otolith chemistry - Jane M. Hughes; Daniel J. Schmidt; Jed I. Macdonald; Joel A. Huey; David A. Crook (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
Southern smelts ( R etropinna spp.) in coastal rivers of A ustralia are facultatively diadromous, with populations potentially containing individuals with diadromous or wholly freshwater life histories. The presence of diadromous individuals is expected to reduce genetic structuring between river basins due to larval dispersal via the sea. We use otolith chemistry to distinguish between diadromous and nondiadromous life histories and population genetics to examine interbasin connectivity resulting from diadromy. O tolith strontium isotope ( 87 S r: 86 S r) transects identified three main life history patterns: amphidromy, freshwater residency and estuarine/marine residency. Despite the potential for interbasin connectivity via larval mixing in the marine environment, we found unprecedented levels of genetic structure for an amphidromous species. Strong hierarchical structure along putative taxonomic boundaries was detected, along with highly structured populations within groups using microsatellites ( F ST = 0.046–0.181), and mt DNA (Φ ST = 0.498–0.816). The presence of strong genetic subdivision, despite the fact that many individuals reside in saline water during their early life history, appears incongruous. However, analysis of multielemental signatures in the otolith cores of diadromous fish revealed strong discrimination between river basins, suggesting that diadromous fish spend their early lives within chemically distinct estuaries rather than the more homogenous marine environment, thus avoiding dispersal and maintaining genetic structure.

The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems - Ellen K Pikitch; Konstantine J Rountos; Timothy E Essington; Christine Santora; Daniel Pauly; Reg Watson; Ussif R Sumaila; P Dee Boersma; Ian L Boyd; David O Conover; Philippe Cury; Selina S Heppell; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published E copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.

Determinants of successful arthropod eradication programs - Patrick C. Tobin; John M. Kean; David Maxwell Suckling; Deborah G. McCullough; Daniel A. Herms; Lloyd D. Stringer (Biological Invasions, 2014)

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrate: ammonium ratios on gas exchange and growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) - Jailson L. Cruz; Alfredo A. C. Alves; Daniel R. LeCain; David D. Ellis; Jack A. Morgan (Plant and Soil, 2014)

A genome- and phenome-wide association study to identify genetic variants influencing platelet count and volume and their pleiotropic effects - Khader Shameer; Joshua C. Denny; Keyue Ding; Hayan Jouni; David R. Crosslin; Mariza de Andrade; Christopher G. Chute; Peggy Peissig; Jennifer A. Pacheco; Rongling Li; Lisa Bastarache; Abel N. Kho; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Cross-taxon responses to elevated nutrients in European streams and lakes - Richard K. Johnson; David G. Angeler; S. Jannicke Moe; Daniel Hering (Aquatic Sciences, 2014)

Fontibacillus phaseoli sp. nov. isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris nodules - José David Flores-Félix; Rebeca Mulas; Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena; María José Cuesta; Raúl Rivas; Javier Brañas; Daniel Mulas; Fernando González-Andrés; Alvaro Peix; Encarna Velázquez (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2014)

Geographic morphological variation of Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and sex identification: using morphometric characters and molecular markers - Paulina Valenzuela-Guerra; David Morales-Moraga; Daniel González-Acuña; Juliana A. Vianna (Polar Biology, 2013)

Occurrence and intensity of wild boar disturbances, effects on the physical and chemical soil properties of alpine grasslands - C. Guillermo Bueno; José Azorín; Daniel Gómez-García; Concepción L. Alados; David Badía (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? - Eric W. Seabloom; Elizabeth T. Borer; Yvonne Buckley; Elsa E. Cleland; Kendi Davies; Jennifer Firn; W. Stanley Harpole; Yann Hautier; Eric Lind; Andrew MacDougall; John L. Orrock; Suzanne M. Prober; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global‐scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass‐dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic‐dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site‐ or regional‐scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

A Moisture Balance Reconstruction for the Drainage Basin of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina - Daniel K. Stahle; Dorian J. Burnette; David W. Stahle (Estuaries and Coasts, 2013)

Addressing a critique of the TEASI framework for invasive species risk assessment - Brian Leung; Nuria Roura‐Pascual; Sven Bacher; Jaakko Heikkilä; Lluis Brotons; Mark A Burgman; Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz; Franz Essl; Philip E Hulme; David M Richardson; Daniel Sol; Montserrat Vilà (Ecology Letters, 2013)
We address criticism that the Transport, Establishment, Abundance, Spread, Impact (TEASI) framework does not facilitate objective mapping of risk assessment methods nor defines best practice. We explain why TEASI is appropriate for mapping, despite inherent challenges, and how TEASI offers considerations for best practices, rather than suggesting one best practice.

Priority research questions for the UK food system - John S. I. Ingram; Hugh L. Wright; Lucy Foster; Timothy Aldred; David Barling; Tim G. Benton; Paul M. Berryman; Charles S. Bestwick; Alice Bows-Larkin; Tim F. Brocklehurst; Judith Buttriss; John Casey; et al. (Food Security, 2013)
The rise of food security up international political, societal and academic agendas has led to increasing interest in novel means of improving primary food production and reducing waste. There are however, also many ‘post-farm gate’ activities that are critical to food security, including processing, packaging, distributing, retailing, cooking and consuming. These activities all affect a range of important food security elements, notably availability, affordability and other aspects of access, nutrition and safety. Addressing the challenge of universal food security, in the context of a number of other policy goals (e.g. social, economic and environmental sustainability), is of keen interest to a range of UK stakeholders but requires an up-to-date evidence base and continuous innovation. An exercise was therefore conducted, under the auspices of the UK Global Food Security Programme, to identify priority research questions with a focus on the UK food system (though the outcomes may be broadly applicable to other developed nations). Emphasis was placed on incorporating a wide range of perspectives (‘world views’) from different stakeholder groups: policy, private sector, non-governmental organisations, advocacy groups and academia. A total of 456 individuals submitted 820 questions from which 100 were selected by a process of online voting and a three-stage workshop voting exercise. These 100 final questions were sorted into 10 themes and the ‘top’ question for each theme identified by a further voting exercise. This step also allowed four different stakeholder groups to select the top 7–8 questions from their perspectives. Results of these voting exercises are presented. It is clear from the wide range of questions prioritised in this exercise that the different stakeholder groups identified specific research needs on a range of post-farm gate activities and food security outcomes. Evidence needs related to food affordability, nutrition and food safety (all key elements of food security) featured highly in the exercise. While there were some questions relating to climate impacts on production, other important topics for food security (e.g. trade, transport, preference and cultural needs) were not viewed as strongly by the participants.

Detection and quantification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in environmental samples using a specific quantitative PCR assay - Kelly Scarlett; Len Tesoriero; Rosalie Daniel; David Guest (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Effects of an Invasive Plant on Population Dynamics in Toads - DANIEL A. GREENBERG; DAVID M. GREEN (Conservation Biology, 2013)
When populations decline in response to unfavorable environmental change, the dynamics of their population growth shift. In populations that normally exhibit high levels of variation in recruitment and abundance, as do many amphibians, declines may be difficult to identify from natural fluctuations in abundance. However, the onset of declines may be evident from changes in population growth rate in sufficiently long time series of population data. With data from 23 years of study of a population of Fowler's toad (Anaxyrus [ = Bufo] fowleri) at Long Point, Ontario (1989–2011), we sought to identify such a shift in dynamics. We tested for trends in abundance to detect a change point in population dynamics and then tested among competing population models to identify associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most informative models of population growth included terms for toad abundance and the extent of an invasive marsh plant, the common reed (Phragmites australis), throughout the toads’ marshland breeding areas. Our results showed density‐dependent growth in the toad population from 1989 through 2002. After 2002, however, we found progressive population decline in the toads associated with the spread of common reeds and consequent loss of toad breeding habitat. This resulted in reduced recruitment and population growth despite the lack of significant loss of adult habitat. Our results underscore the value of using long‐term time series to identify shifts in population dynamics coincident with the advent of population decline. Efectos de una Planta Invasora sobre las Dinámica Poblacional de Sapos

Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA - Richard M. Yager; L. Niel Plummer; Leon J. Kauffman; Daniel H. Doctor; David L. Nelms; Peter Schlosser (Hydrogeology Journal, 2013)

Visual contribution to the high-frequency human angular vestibulo-ocular reflex - Daniel Chim; David M. Lasker; Americo A. Migliaccio (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Effects of smoking on D2/D3 striatal receptor availability in alcoholics and social drinkers - Daniel S. Albrecht; David A. Kareken; Karmen K. Yoder (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

MRI volume of the medial frontal cortex predicts financial capacity in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease - Luke E. Stoeckel; Christopher C. Stewart; H. Randall Griffith; Kristen Triebel; Ozioma C. Okonkwo; Jan A. den Hollander; Roy C. Martin; Katherine Belue; Jacquelynn N. Copeland; Lindy E. Harrell; John C. Brockington; David G. Clark; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for Natterer’s bat, Myotis nattereri (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) - David D. Scott; Seán Fitzpatrick; Deborah A. Bailie; Emma S. M. Boston; Mathieu G. Lundy; Daniel J. Buckley; Emma C. Teeling; W. Ian Montgomery; Paulo A. Prodöhl (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

An Instrumented Mouthguard for Measuring Linear and Angular Head Impact Kinematics in American Football - David B. Camarillo; Pete B. Shull; James Mattson; Rebecca Shultz; Daniel Garza (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013)

Mitochondrial phylogeography, contact zones and taxonomy of grass snakes ( N atrix natrix , N . megalocephala ) - Carolin Kindler; Wolfgang Böhme; Claudia Corti; Václav Gvoždík; Daniel Jablonski; David Jandzik; Margarita Metallinou; Pavel Široký; Uwe Fritz (Zoologica Scripta, 2013)
Grass snakes ( N atrix natrix ) represent one of the most widely distributed snake species of the P alaearctic region, ranging from the N orth A frican M aghreb region and the I berian P eninsula through most of E urope and western A sia eastward to the region of L ake B aikal in C entral A sia. Within N . natrix , up to 14 distinct subspecies are regarded as valid. In addition, some authors recognize big‐headed grass snakes from western T ranscaucasia as a distinct species, N . megalocephala . Based on phylogenetic analyses of a 1984‐bp‐long alignment of mt DNA sequences ( ND 4+t RNA s, cyt b ) of 410 grass snakes, a nearly range‐wide phylogeography is presented for both species. Within N . natrix , 16 terminal mitochondrial clades were identified, most of which conflict with morphologically defined subspecies. These 16 clades correspond to three more inclusive clades from (i) the Iberian P eninsula plus N orth A frica, (ii) E ast E urope and A sia and (iii) West E urope including C orso‐ S ardinia, the A pennine P eninsula and S icily. Hypotheses regarding glacial refugia and postglacial range expansions are presented. Refugia were most likely located in each of the southern E uropean peninsulas, C orso‐ S ardinia, North A frica, A natolia and the neighbouring N ear and M iddle E ast, where the greatest extant genetic diversity occurs. Multiple distinct microrefugia are inferred for continental Italy plus S icily, the B alkan P eninsula, A natolia and the N ear and M iddle E ast. Holocene range expansions led to the colonization of more northerly regions and the formation of secondary contact zones. Western E urope was invaded from a refuge within southern F rance, while C entral E urope was reached by two distinct range expansions from the B alkan P eninsula. In C entral E urope, there are two contact zones of three distinct mitochondrial clades, and one of these contact zones was theretofore completely unknown. Another contact zone is hypothesized for E astern E urope, which was colonized, like north‐western A sia, from the C aucasus region. Further contact zones were identified for southern Italy, the B alkans and T ranscaucasia. In agreement with previous studies using morphological characters and allozymes, there is no evidence for the distinctiveness of N . megalocephala . Therefore, N . megalocephala is synonymized with N . natrix .