Regulation of amino acid biodegradation in soil as affected by depth - Sarah J. Kemmitt; David Wright; Daniel V. Murphy; David L. Jones (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2008)

Physiological states and energetic adaptation during growth of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 on glucose - Leith Latrach Tlemçani; David Corroler; Daniel Barillier; Ridha Mosrati (Archives of Microbiology, 2008)

Characteristics of human intestinal Escherichia coli with changing environments - David Skurnik; Daniel Bonnet; Claire Bernède‐Bauduin; Rémy Michel; Christian Guette; Jean‐Marie Becker; Corinne Balaire; Françoise Chau; Jacqueline Mohler; Vincent Jarlier; Jean‐Paul Boutin; Brigitte Moreau; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2008)
Summary To investigate if the characteristics of human intestinal Escherichia coli are changing with the environment of the host, we studied intestinal E. coli from subjects having recently migrated from a temperate to a tropical area. We determined the phylogenetic group, the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance, the presence of integrons and the strain diversity in faecal isolates from 25 subjects originally from metropolitan France and expatriated to French Guyana. These characteristics were compared with those of 25 previously studied Wayampi Amerindian natives of French Guyana and from 25 metropolitan French residents. The three groups of subjects were matched for age and sex, had not taken antibiotics for at least 1 month, nor had been hospitalized within the past year. In all, the characteristics of intestinal E. coli from Expatriates were intermediate between those found in residents from metropolitan France and those found in natives of French Guyana. Prevalence of carriage of resistant Gram‐negative bacteria in Expatriates was intermediate between French residents and Wayampi as were the prevalence of integrons in E. coli (12.3% versus 16.3% and 7.8% respectively), and the intra‐host diversity of E. coli (2.3 strains/subject versus 1.9 and 3.1, respectively); lastly, in Expatriates, the prevalence of carriage of phylogenetic group B2 strains was lower than in French residents (16% versus 56%, P = 0.005), while carriage of phylogenetic group A strains was lower than in Wayampi (56% versus 88%, P = 0.03). Our results suggest that the composition of the commensal intestinal flora of humans is not static but changes dynamically in response to new environmental conditions.

A Standard Lexicon for Biodiversity Conservation: Unified Classifications of Threats and Actions - NICK SALAFSKY; DANIEL SALZER; ALISON J. STATTERSFIELD; CRAIG HILTON‐TAYLOR; RACHEL NEUGARTEN; STUART H. M. BUTCHART; BEN COLLEN; NEIL COX; LAWRENCE L. MASTER; SHEILA O'CONNOR; DAVID WILKIE (Conservation Biology, 2008)
An essential foundation of any science is a standard lexicon. Any given conservation project can be described in terms of the biodiversity targets, direct threats, contributing factors at the project site, and the conservation actions that the project team is employing to change the situation. These common elements can be linked in a causal chain, which represents a theory of change about how the conservation actions are intended to bring about desired project outcomes. If project teams want to describe and share their work and learn from one another, they need a standard and precise lexicon to specifically describe each node along this chain. To date, there have been several independent efforts to develop standard classifications for the direct threats that affect biodiversity and the conservation actions required to counteract these threats. Recognizing that it is far more effective to have only one accepted global scheme, we merged these separate efforts into unified classifications of threats and actions, which we present here. Each classification is a hierarchical listing of terms and associated definitions. The classifications are comprehensive and exclusive at the upper levels of the hierarchy, expandable at the lower levels, and simple, consistent, and scalable at all levels. We tested these classifications by applying them post hoc to 1191 threatened bird species and 737 conservation projects. Almost all threats and actions could be assigned to the new classification systems, save for some cases lacking detailed information. Furthermore, the new classification systems provided an improved way of analyzing and comparing information across projects when compared with earlier systems. We believe that widespread adoption of these classifications will help practitioners more systematically identify threats and appropriate actions, managers to more efficiently set priorities and allocate resources, and most important, facilitate cross‐project learning and the development of a systematic science of conservation.

An in situ mesocosm method for quantifying nitrogen cycling rates in oligotrophic wetlands using 15N tracer techniques - Jeffrey R. Wozniak; Daniel L. Childers; William T. Anderson; David T. Rudnick; Christopher J. Madden (Wetlands, 2008)

Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibition: Correction of Increased Intestinal Epithelial Permeability In Vitro - Linda M. Feighery; Sean W. Cochrane; Teresa Quinn; Alan W. Baird; Daniel O’Toole; Sian-Eleri Owens; Diarmuid O’Donoghue; Randall J. Mrsny; David J. Brayden (Pharmaceutical Research, 2008)

Purification and properties of Sandercyanin, a blue protein secreted in the mucus of blue forms of walleye, Sander vitreus - Chi-Li Yu; Daniel Ferraro; S. Ramaswamy; Mark H. Schmitz; Wayne F. Schaefer; David T. Gibson (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2008)

Explaining variation in tropical plant community composition: influence of environmental and spatial data quality - Mirkka M. Jones; Hanna Tuomisto; Daniel Borcard; Pierre Legendre; David B. Clark; Paulo C. Olivas (Oecologia, 2008)

Genotype × diet interactions in mice predisposed to mammary cancer: II. Tumors and metastasis - Ryan R. Gordon; Kent W. Hunter; Michele La Merrill; Peter Sørensen; David W. Threadgill; Daniel Pomp (Mammalian Genome, 2008)

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains - David Badía; Clara Martí; José Ramón Sánchez; Federico Fillat; Javier Aguirre; Daniel Gómez (Journal of Mountain Science, 2008)

Comparative morphological assessment and phylogenetic significance of the wing base articulation in Psylloidea (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) - David Ouvrard; Daniel Burckhardt; Adeline Soulier-Perkins; Thierry Bourgoin (Zoomorphology, 2008)

Evaluation of uncertainties in the CRCM-simulated North American climate - Ramón de Elía; Daniel Caya; Hélène Côté; Anne Frigon; Sébastien Biner; Michel Giguère; Dominique Paquin; Richard Harvey; David Plummer (Climate Dynamics, 2008)

Identifying the source of species invasions: sampling intensity vs. genetic diversity - JIM R. MUIRHEAD; DEREK K. GRAY; DAVID W. KELLY; SANDRA M. ELLIS; DANIEL D. HEATH; HUGH J. MACISAAC (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Population geneticists and community ecologists have long recognized the importance of sampling design for uncovering patterns of diversity within and among populations and in communities. Invasion ecologists increasingly have utilized phylogeographical patterns of mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA sequence variation to link introduced populations with putative source populations. However, many studies have ignored lessons from population genetics and community ecology and are vulnerable to sampling errors owing to insufficient field collections. A review of published invasion studies that utilized mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA markers reveals that insufficient sampling could strongly influence results and interpretations. Sixty per cent of studies sampled an average of less than six individuals per source population, vs. only 45% for introduced populations. Typically, far fewer introduced than source populations were surveyed, although they were sampled more intensively. Simulations based on published data forming a comprehensive mtDNA haplotype data set highlight and quantify the impact of the number of individuals surveyed per source population and number of putative source populations surveyed for accurate assignment of introduced individuals. Errors associated with sampling a low number of individuals are most acute when rare source haplotypes are dominant or fixed in the introduced population. Accuracy of assignment of introduced individuals is also directly related to the number of source populations surveyed and to the degree of genetic differentiation among them ( F ST ). Incorrect interpretations resulting from sampling errors can be avoided if sampling design is considered before field collections are made.

Shifts in the ecological behaviour of plant species between two distant regions: evidence from the base richness gradient in mires - Petra Hájková; Michal Hájek; Iva Apostolova; David Zelený; Daniel Dítě (Journal of Biogeography, 2008)
Aim Water pH and conductivity are known to be major environmental factors controlling the species composition of nutrient‐poor wetlands. Based on the analysis of two large data sets of species co‐occurrence, sampled along the entire pH/calcium gradient, we explored whether species exhibit similar or different ecological behaviour in the two regions. Location West Carpathians (central Europe) and Bulgaria (south‐eastern Europe), situated 800 km apart. Bulgaria represents a range margin for many mire species. Methods The probability of occurrence of the 41 most common species along the pH and conductivity gradients was assessed using logistic regression fitted by means of generalized additive models. The species optimum and amplitude were determined. To check the possible effect of competitive release, we estimated where the potential maximum number of species (maximum overlap in realized niches) occurs along the base richness gradient. Results Most of the 41 frequently occurring species showed a significant response to water pH and ln‐transformed conductivity (approximating total mineral richness) in both regions. Eight species showed a shift in pH optimum greater than one unit, while 12 species showed the same or a larger shift along the conductivity gradient. Nearly all these striking shifts were connected to an extension of species tolerance towards mineral‐poor acid habitats in Bulgaria, which causes links between species and measured factors to be conspicuously weaker in Bulgaria than in the West Carpathians. Regarding ecological amplitude, 24 species exhibited a wider tolerance to water conductivity in the West Carpathians, whereas 17 species exhibited a wider tolerance in Bulgaria. Main conclusions A distinctive variation in the realized niche was observed in a large portion of the species examined. Niche shifts between local populations of the same species were similar to those of closely related vicariant species. Ecotypic adaptation within species is a possible explanation for this pattern. Other possible explanations (competitive release, specific habitat conditions, compensation for climate) seem to be less justified. The local populations of rich‐fen species may have adapted to mineral‐poor acid conditions in the high crystalline mountains of Bulgaria during dry periods of pleniglacials. Nomenclature Marhold & Hindák (1998) ; for Balkan elements not included in this source, Andreev et al. (1992) .

Identification of MHC class I sequences in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques - Julie A. Karl; Roger W. Wiseman; Kevin J. Campbell; Alex J. Blasky; Austin L. Hughes; Betsy Ferguson; Daniel S. Read; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2008)

Parent–offspring resource allocation in domestic pigs - Anna Drake; David Fraser; Daniel M. Weary (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2008)

Nitrous oxide emissions from a cropped soil in a semi‐arid climate - LOUISE BARTON; RALF KIESE; DAVID GATTER; KLAUS BUTTERBACH‐BAHL; RENEE BUCK; CHRISTOPH HINZ; DANIEL V. MURPHY (Global Change Biology, 2008)
Understanding nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from agricultural soils in semi‐arid regions is required to better understand global terrestrial N 2 O losses. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from a rain‐fed, cropped soil in a semi‐arid region of south‐western Australia for one year on a sub‐daily basis. The site included N‐fertilized (100 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and nonfertilized plots. Emissions were measured using soil chambers connected to a fully automated system that measured N 2 O using gas chromatography. Daily N 2 O emissions were low (−1.8 to 7.3 g N 2 O‐N ha −1 day −1 ) and culminated in an annual loss of 0.11 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 from N‐fertilized soil and 0.09 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 from nonfertilized soil. Over half (55%) the annual N 2 O emission occurred from both N treatments when the soil was fallow, following a series of summer rainfall events. At this time of the year, conditions were conducive for soil microbial N 2 O production: elevated soil water content, available N, soil temperatures generally >25 °C and no active plant growth. The proportion of N fertilizer emitted as N 2 O in 1 year, after correction for the ‘background’ emission (no N fertilizer applied), was 0.02%. The emission factor reported in this study was 60 times lower than the IPCC default value for the application of synthetic fertilizers to land (1.25%), suggesting that the default may not be suitable for cropped soils in semi‐arid regions. Applying N fertilizer did not significantly increase the annual N 2 O emission, demonstrating that a proportion of N 2 O emitted from agricultural soils may not be directly derived from the application of N fertilizer. ‘Background’ emissions, resulting from other agricultural practices, need to be accounted for if we are to fully assess the impact of agriculture in semi‐arid regions on global terrestrial N 2 O emissions.

Vegetation dynamics in response to organic matter loading rates in a created freshwater wetland in southeastern Virginia - David E. Bailey; James E. Perry; W. Lee Daniels (Wetlands, 2007)

Oral cancer prevention and early detection: Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Framework to guide the training of health professional students - Gabrielle F. Cannick; Alice M. Horowitz; David R. Garr; Susan G. Reed; Brad W. Neville; Terry A. Day; Robert F. Woolson; Daniel T. Lackland (Journal of Cancer Education, 2007)

The Contrasting Effects of Aspen and Jack Pine on Soil Nutritional Properties Depend on Parent Material - Catherine Ste-Marie; David Paré; Daniel Gagnon (Ecosystems, 2007)

Yield components and nutritive value of Robinia pseudoacacia and Albizia julibrissin in Arkansas, USA - David M. Burner; Danielle J. Carrier; David P. Belesky; Daniel H. Pote; Adrian Ares; E. C. Clausen (Agroforestry Systems, 2007)

A Deafness-Associated Mutant Human Connexin 26 Improves the Epithelial Barrier In Vitro - Y. K. Stella Man; Caroline Trolove; Daniel Tattersall; Anna C. Thomas; Annie Papakonstantinopoulou; Drashnika Patel; Claire Scott; Jiehan Chong; Daniel J. Jagger; Edel A. O’Toole; Harshad Navsaria; Michael A. Curtis; et al. (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2007)

H2-rich and Hydrocarbon Gas Recovered in a Deep Precambrian Well in Northeastern Kansas - K. David Newell; John H. Doveton; Daniel F. Merriam; Barbara Sherwood Lollar; William M. Waggoner; L. Michael Magnuson (Natural Resources Research, 2007)

Tree-ring reconstructed megadroughts over North America since a.d. 1300 - David W. Stahle; Falko K. Fye; Edward R. Cook; R. Daniel Griffin (Climatic Change, 2007)

Brain Proton MRS is Correlated with Financial Abilities in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease - H. Randall Griffith; Ozioma C. Okonkwo; Jan A. den Hollander; Katherine Belue; Sara Lanza; Lindy E. Harrell; John C. Brockington; David G. Clark; Daniel C. Marson (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2007)

Effects of alpine hydropower operations on primary production in a downstream lake - David Finger; Peter Bossard; Martin Schmid; Lorenz Jaun; Beat Müller; Daniel Steiner; Erwin Schäffer; Markus Zeh; Alfred Wüest (Aquatic Sciences, 2007)

Oceanic Protists - Barry Sherr; Evelyn Sherr; David Caron; Daniel Vaulot; Alexandra Worden (Oceanography, 2007)

Marine extinctions revisited - Pablo del Monte‐Luna; Daniel Lluch‐Belda; Elisa Serviere‐Zaragoza; Roberto Carmona; Héctor Reyes‐Bonilla; David Aurioles‐Gamboa; José Luis Castro‐Aguirre; Sergio A. Guzmán del Próo; Oscar Trujillo‐Millán; Barry W. Brook (Fish and Fisheries, 2007)
In recent years, more than 130 extinctions have been estimated to have occurred in the marine realm. Here we review this body of evidence and show that this figure may actually be overestimated by as much as 50%. We argue that previous estimates have not fully taken into account critical uncertainties such as naturally variable geographical distributions, and have misinterpreted documentary evidence. However, current evidence indicates that some sharks, rays and reef‐associated species, although not necessarily geographically restricted, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts and now occur in very low numbers. Overestimating extinctions is of concern because it could reduce confidence in the credibility of the ‘extinct’ category in threatened species lists and, ultimately, be used to question the integrity of conservation and management policies. We suggest that when integrating future checklists of marine extinct species, there needs to be a more rigorous use of the terminology of extinction, and participation by specialists in each of the particular taxonomic groups involved.

Effects of an increase in summer precipitation on leaf, soil, and ecosystem fluxes of CO2 and H2O in a sotol grassland in Big Bend National Park, Texas - Lisa Patrick; Jessica Cable; Daniel Potts; Danielle Ignace; Greg Barron-Gafford; Alden Griffith; Holly Alpert; Natasja Van Gestel; Traesha Robertson; Travis E. Huxman; John Zak; Michael E. Loik; et al. (Oecologia, 2007)

NetMap: A New Tool in Support of Watershed Science and Resource Management - Lee Benda; Daniel Miller; Kevin Andras; Paul Bigelow; Gordon Reeves; David Michael (Forest Science, 2007)
An integrated suite of numerical models and analysis tools (NetMap) is created for three purposes: (1) Develop regional scale terrain databases in support of watershed science and resource management, (2) Automate numerous kinds of watershed analyses keying on environmental variability for diversifying resource management options, and (3) Improve tools and skills for interpreting watershed-level controls on aquatic systems, including natural disturbance. Hillslope attributes, such as erosion potential, sediment supply, road density, forest age, and fire risk are aggregated down to the channel habitat scale (20–200 m) allowing unique overlap analyses, and they are accumulated downstream in networks revealing patterns across multiple scales. Watershed attributes are aggregated up to subbasin scales (10,000 ha), allowing comparative analyses across large watersheds and landscapes. Approximately 25 automated tools address erosion risk, habitat indices, channel classification, habitat core areas, habitat diversity, and sediment and wood supply, among others. Search functions target overlaps between specific hillslope and channel conditions and between roads and landslide or debris flow potential. To facilitate its use, NetMap contains hyperlinked users' manuals and reference materials, including a library of 50 watershed parameters. NetMap provides decision support for forestry, restoration, monitoring, conservation, and regulation.

Evidence of positive selection on the Atlantic salmon CD3γδ gene - Fernando Cruz; Daniel G. Bradley; David J. Lynn (Immunogenetics, 2007)

Wine and other alcohol consumption and risk of ovarian cancer in the California Teachers Study cohort - Ellen T. Chang; Alison J. Canchola; Valerie S. Lee; Christina A. Clarke; David M. Purdie; Peggy Reynolds; Leslie Bernstein; Daniel O. Stram; Hoda Anton-Culver; Dennis Deapen; Harvey Mohrenweiser; David Peel; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

West Nile virus encephalitis: sequential histopathological and immunological events in a murine model of infection - David Garcia-Tapia; Daniel E Hassett; William J Mitchell; Gayle C Johnson; Steven B Kleiboeker (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2007)

Biotransformation of mercury in pH-stat cultures of eukaryotic freshwater algae - David J. A. Kelly; Kenneth Budd; Daniel D. Lefebvre (Archives of Microbiology, 2006)

Block by internal Mg2+ causes voltage-dependent inactivation of Kv1.5 - Thomas W. Claydon; Daniel C. H. Kwan; David Fedida; Steven J. Kehl (European Biophysics Journal, 2006)

A regional climate study of Central America using the MM5 modeling system: results and comparison to observations - Jose L. Hernandez; Jayanthi Srikishen; David J. Erickson; Robert Oglesby; Daniel Irwin (International Journal of Climatology, 2006)

Impaired recognition of fear facial expressions in 5-HTTLPR S-polymorphism carriers following tryptophan depletion - Abigail A. Marsh; Elizabeth C. Finger; Beata Buzas; Niveen Soliman; Rebecca A. Richell; Meena Vythilingham; Daniel S. Pine; David Goldman; R. J. R. Blair (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Effects of partial throughfall exclusion on the phenology of Coussarea racemosa (Rubiaceae) in an east-central Amazon rainforest - Paulo Brando; David Ray; Daniel Nepstad; Gina Cardinot; Lisa M. Curran; Rafael Oliveira (Oecologia, 2006)

A case of recurrent episodes of Candida parapsilosis fungemia - Dionissios Neofytos; Michael A. Pfaller; Daniel J. Diekema; David Horn (Mycopathologia, 2006)

Spatial and temporal patterns of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) along two freshwater-estuarine transects in the Florida Coastal Everglades - Sharon M. L. Ewe; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Daniel L. Childers; David Iwaniec; Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Robert R. Twilley (Hydrobiologia, 2006)

Responses of sawgrass and spikerush to variation in hydrologic drivers and salinity in Southern Everglades marshes - Daniel L. Childers; David Iwaniec; Damon Rondeau; Gustavo Rubio; Emilie Verdon; Christopher J. Madden (Hydrobiologia, 2006)

Effects of hydrologic and water quality drivers on periphyton dynamics in the southern Everglades - David M. Iwaniec; Daniel L. Childers; Damon Rondeau; Christopher J. Madden; Colin Saunders (Hydrobiologia, 2006)

Contrasting patterns in genetic diversity following multiple invasions of fresh and brackish waters - DAVID W. KELLY; JAMES R. MUIRHEAD; DANIEL D. HEATH; HUGH J. MACISAAC (Molecular Ecology, 2006)
Biological invasions may combine the genetic effects of population bottlenecks and selection and thus provide valuable insight into the role of such processes during novel environmental colonizations. However, these processes are also influenced by multiple invasions, the number of individuals introduced and the degree of similarity between source and receiving habitats. The amphipod Gammarus tigrinus provides a useful model to assess these factors, as its invasion history has involved major environmental transitions. This species is native to the northwest Atlantic Ocean, although it invaded both brackish and freshwater habitats in the British Isles after introduction more than 65 years ago. It has also spread to similar habitats in Western Europe and, most recently, to Eastern Europe, the Baltic Sea, and the Laurentian Great Lakes. To examine sources of invasion and patterns of genetic change, we sampled populations from 13 native estuaries and 19 invaded sites and sequenced 542 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene. Strong native phylogeographical structure allowed us to unambiguously identify three allopatrically evolved clades (2.3–3.1% divergent) in invading populations, indicative of multiple introductions. The most divergent clades occurred in the British Isles and mainland Europe and were sourced from the St Lawrence and Chesapeake/Delaware Bay estuaries. A third clade was found in the Great Lakes and sourced to the Hudson River estuary. Despite extensive sampling, G. tigrinus did not occur in freshwater at putative source sites. Some European populations showed reduced genetic diversity consistent with bottlenecks, although selection effects cannot be excluded. The habitat distribution of clades in Europe was congruent with the known invasion history of secondary spread from the British Isles. Differences in salinity tolerance among lineages were suggested by patterns of habitat colonization by different native COI clades. Populations consisting of admixtures of the two invading clades were found principally at recently invaded fresh and brackish water sites in Eastern Europe, and were characterized by higher genetic diversity than putative source populations. Further studies are required to determine if these represent novel genotypes. Our results confirm that biological invasions need not result in diminished genetic diversity, particularly if multiple source populations, each with distinctive genetic composition, contribute to the founding populations.

From Is to Should : Helping Students Translate Conservation Biology into Conservation Policy - David Takacs; Daniel F. Shapiro; William D. Head (Conservation Biology, 2006)

The Impact of Increased Environmental Stochasticity Due to Climate Change on the Dynamics of Asiatic Wild Ass - DAVID SALTZ; DANIEL I. RUBENSTEIN; GARY C. WHITE (Conservation Biology, 2006)
Theory proposes that increased environmental stochasticity negatively impacts population viability. Thus, in addition to the directional changes predicted for weather parameters under global climate change (GCC), the increase in variance of these parameters may also have a negative effect on biodiversity. As a case study, we assessed the impact of interannual variance in precipitation on the viability of an Asiatic wild ass ( Equus hemionus ) population reintroduced in Makhtesh Ramon Nature Reserve, Israel. We monitored the population from 1985 to 1999 to determine what environmental factors affect reproductive success. Annual precipitation during the year before conception, drought conditions during gestation, and population size determined reproductive success. We used the parameters derived from this model to assess population performance under various scenarios in a Leslie matrix type model with demographic and environmental stochasticity. Specifically, we used a change in the precipitation regime in our study area to formulate a GCC scenario and compared the simulated dynamics of the population with a no‐change scenario. The coefficient of variation in population size under the global change scenario was 30% higher than under the no‐change scenario. Minor die‐offs (≥15%) following droughts increased extinction probability nearly 10‐fold. Our results support the idea that an increase in environmental stochasticity due to GCC may, in itself, pose a significant threat to biodiversity.

Population viability assessment and sensitivity analysis as a management tool for the peri-urban environment - Dror Ben-Ami; Daniel Ramp; David B. Croft (Urban Ecosystems, 2006)

Genes and impulsivity: comment to the study of Nomura et al. on “Involvement of a polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene in impulsive behavior. Psychopharmacology 187:30-35 - David Fraguas; Daniel Meyer; Celso Arango (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in old‐growth Amazonian forests - YADVINDER MALHI; DANIEL WOOD; TIMOTHY R. BAKER; JAMES WRIGHT; OLIVER L. PHILLIPS; THOMAS COCHRANE; PATRICK MEIR; JEROME CHAVE; SAMUEL ALMEIDA; LUZMILLA ARROYO; NIRO HIGUCHI; TIMOTHY J. KILLEEN; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2006)
The biomass of tropical forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, both as a dynamic reservoir of carbon, and as a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in areas undergoing deforestation. However, the absolute magnitude and environmental determinants of tropical forest biomass are still poorly understood. Here, we present a new synthesis and interpolation of the basal area and aboveground live biomass of old‐growth lowland tropical forests across South America, based on data from 227 forest plots, many previously unpublished. Forest biomass was analyzed in terms of two uncorrelated factors: basal area and mean wood density. Basal area is strongly affected by local landscape factors, but is relatively invariant at regional scale in moist tropical forests, and declines significantly at the dry periphery of the forest zone. Mean wood density is inversely correlated with forest dynamics, being lower in the dynamic forests of western Amazonia and high in the slow‐growing forests of eastern Amazonia. The combination of these two factors results in biomass being highest in the moderately seasonal, slow growing forests of central Amazonia and the Guyanas (up to 350 Mg dry weight ha −1 ) and declining to 200–250 Mg dry weight ha −1 at the western, southern and eastern margins. Overall, we estimate the total aboveground live biomass of intact Amazonian rainforests (area 5.76 × 10 6 km 2 in 2000) to be 93±23 Pg C, taking into account lianas and small trees. Including dead biomass and belowground biomass would increase this value by approximately 10% and 21%, respectively, but the spatial variation of these additional terms still needs to be quantified.

Frequent Tanning Bed Use, Weight Concerns, and Other Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescent Females (United States) - David L. O’Riordan; Alison E. Field; Alan C. Geller; Daniel R. Brooks; Gideon Aweh; Graham A. Colditz; A. Lindsay Frazier (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Woody debris contribution to the carbon budget of selectively logged and maturing mid-latitude forests - Wendy H. Liu; David M. Bryant; Lucy R. Hutyra; Scott R. Saleska; Elizabeth Hammond-Pyle; Daniel Curran; Steven C. Wofsy (Oecologia, 2006)

Comparing tropical forest tree size distributions with the predictions of metabolic ecology and equilibrium models - Helene C. Muller‐Landau; Richard S. Condit; Kyle E. Harms; Christian O. Marks; Sean C. Thomas; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; George Chuyong; Leonardo Co; Stuart Davies; Robin Foster; Savitri Gunatilleke; Nimal Gunatilleke; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2006)
Tropical forests vary substantially in the densities of trees of different sizes and thus in above‐ground biomass and carbon stores. However, these tree size distributions show fundamental similarities suggestive of underlying general principles. The theory of metabolic ecology predicts that tree abundances will scale as the −2 power of diameter. Demographic equilibrium theory explains tree abundances in terms of the scaling of growth and mortality. We use demographic equilibrium theory to derive analytic predictions for tree size distributions corresponding to different growth and mortality functions. We test both sets of predictions using data from 14 large‐scale tropical forest plots encompassing censuses of 473 ha and > 2 million trees. The data are uniformly inconsistent with the predictions of metabolic ecology. In most forests, size distributions are much closer to the predictions of demographic equilibrium, and thus, intersite variation in size distributions is explained partly by intersite variation in growth and mortality.

Phosphorus Amendment Reduces Hematological Effects of Lead in Mallards Ingesting Contaminated Sediments - David J. Hoffman; Gary H. Heinz; Daniel J. Audet (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2006)

Bupropion attenuates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat - David H. Malin; J. Ronald Lake; Tanya D. Smith; Habil N. Khambati; Rhonda L. Meyers-Paal; Ana L. Montellano; Ryan E. Jennings; Daniel S. Erwin; Stacey E. Presley; Barbara A. Perales (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and inbred line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon - John P. Vogel; David F. Garvin; Oymon M. Leong; Daniel M. Hayden (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2006)

Effect of Microsphaeropsis ochracea on Production of Sclerotia-borne and Airborne Conidia of Botrytis squamosa - Odile Carisse; Daniel Rolland; David-Mathieu Tremblay (BioControl, 2006)

Dynamics of fine root carbon in Amazonian tropical ecosystems and the contribution of roots to soil respiration - Susan Trumbore; Enir Salazar Da Costa; Daniel C. Nepstad; Plínio Barbosa De Camargo; Luiz A. Martinelli; David Ray; Teresa Restom; Whendee Silver (Global Change Biology, 2006)
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) provides a measure of the mean age of carbon (C) in roots, or the time elapsed since the C making up root tissues was fixed from the atmosphere. Radiocarbon signatures of live and dead fine ( 40 years). Measurements of 14 C in the structural tissues of roots known to have grown during 2002 demonstrate that new roots are constructed from recent ( 14 C values in live roots most likely indicate the mean lifetime of the root rather than the isotopic signature of inherited C or C taken up from the soil. Estimates of the mean residence time of C in forest fine roots (inventory divided by loss rate) are substantially shorter (1–3 years) than the age of standing fine root C stocks obtained from radiocarbon (4–11 years). By assuming positively skewed distributions for root ages, we can effectively decouple the mean age of C in live fine roots (measured using 14 C) from the rate of C flow through the live root pool, and resolve these apparently disparate estimates of root C dynamics. Explaining the 14 C values in soil pore space CO 2 , in addition, requires that a portion of the decomposing roots be cycled through soil organic matter pools with decadal turnover time.

Relating precipitation and water management to nutrient concentrations in the oligotrophic “upside‐down” estuaries of the Florida Everglades - Daniel L. Childers; Joseph N. Boyer; Stephen E. Davis; Christopher J. Madden; David T. Rudnick; Fred H. Sklar (Limnology and Oceanography, 2006)
We present 8 yr of long‐term water quality, climatological, and water management data for 17 locations in Everglades National Park, Florida. Total phosphorus (P) concentration data from freshwater sites (typically −1 , or 8 µg L −1 ) indicate the oligotrophic, P‐limited nature of this large freshwater—estuarine landscape. Total P concentrations at estuarine sites near the Gulf of Mexico (average ~0.5 µmol L −1 ) demonstrate the marine source for this limiting nutrient. This “upside down” phenomenon, with the limiting nutrient supplied by the ocean and not the land, is a defining characteristic of the Everglade landscape. We present a conceptual model of how the seasonality of precipitation and the management of canal water inputs control the marine P supply, and we hypothesize that seasonal variability in water residence time controls water quality through internal biogeochemical processing. Low freshwater inflows during the dry season increase estuarine residence times, enabling local processes to control nutrient availability and water quality. El Ni#x00F1;o—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events tend to mute the seasonality of rainfall without altering total annual precipitation inputs. The Niño3 ENSO index (which indicates an ENSO event when positive and a La Niña event when negative) was positively correlated with both annual rainfall and the ratio of dry season to wet season precipitation. This ENSO‐driven disruption in seasonal rainfall patterns affected salinity patterns and tended to reduce marine inputs of P to Everglades estuaries. ENSO events also decreased dry season residence times, reducing the importance of estuarine nutrient processing. The combination of variable water management activities and interannual differences in precipitation patterns has a strong influence on nutrient and salinity patterns in Everglades estuaries.

Legal Ecology: Ecosystem Function and the Law - Daniel J. Rohlf; David S. Dobkin (Conservation Biology, 2005)

Model-based development of gemcabene, a new lipid-altering agent - Jaap W. Mandema; David Hermann; Wenping Wang; Tim Sheiner; Mark Milad; Rebecca Bakker-Arkema; Daniel Hartman (The AAPS Journal, 2005)

Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate - Ian J. Wright; Peter B. Reich; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Daniel S. Falster; Philip K. Groom; Kouki Hikosaka; William Lee; Christopher H. Lusk; Ülo Niinemets; Jacek Oleksyn; Noriyuki Osada; Hendrik Poorter; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2005)
Aim Our aim was to quantify climatic influences on key leaf traits and relationships at the global scale. This knowledge provides insight into how plants have adapted to different environmental pressures, and will lead to better calibration of future vegetation–climate models. Location The data set represents vegetation from 175 sites around the world. Methods For more than 2500 vascular plant species, we compiled data on leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf life span (LL), nitrogen concentration (N mass ) and photosynthetic capacity (A mass ). Site climate was described with several standard indices. Correlation and regression analyses were used for quantifying relationships between single leaf traits and climate. Standardized major axis (SMA) analyses were used for assessing the effect of climate on bivariate relationships between leaf traits. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to summarize multidimensional trait variation. Results At hotter, drier and higher irradiance sites, (1) mean LMA and leaf N per area were higher; (2) average LL was shorter at a given LMA, or the increase in LL was less for a given increase in LMA (LL–LMA relationships became less positive); and (3) A mass was lower at a given N mass , or the increase in A mass was less for a given increase in N mass . Considering all traits simultaneously, 18% of variation along the principal multivariate trait axis was explained by climate. Main conclusions Trait‐shifts with climate were of sufficient magnitude to have major implications for plant dry mass and nutrient economics, and represent substantial selective pressures associated with adaptation to different climatic regimes.

Comparison of light- and SST-based geolocation with satellite telemetry in free-ranging albatrosses - Scott A. Shaffer; Yann Tremblay; Jill A. Awkerman; R. William Henry; Steven L. H. Teo; David J. Anderson; Donald A. Croll; Barbara A. Block; Daniel P. Costa (Marine Biology, 2005)

A Blueprint for the Oceans: Implications of Two National Commission Reports for Conservation Practitioners - ELISE F. GRANEK; DANIEL R. BRUMBAUGH; SCOTT A. HEPPELL; SELINA S. HEPPELL; DAVID SECORD (Conservation Biology, 2005)
In the first comprehensive reviews since 1969, two high‐level reports on the status of U.S. marine ecosystems and resources have been released: that of the nongovernmental Pew Oceans Commission in 2003 and that of the congressionally mandated . Although the two commissions differed in the breadth and depth of their mandates, their findings on the state of our oceans and need for new management approaches are similar, and their major recommendations for science, governance, management and conservation, and education echo and reinforce each other. The history behind the two commissions and the structure and objectives of each remind us of the crucial roles conservation practitioners and scientists must play in the implementation of report recommendations. The reports suggest priorities for conservation practitioners to improve science, management, conservation, governance, and education to better manage and protect ocean resources and ecosystems. To redirect activities affecting the state of global marine resources, integrated research; education and outreach by terrestrial, aquatic, and marine conservation practitioners; and a clear definition of their roles in the implementation of recommendations is essential. Marine ecosystems provide a test case of society's ability to manage complexity in human and natural systems in an integrated manner, with extensive opportunities for participation by conservation practitioners from all disciplines.

Identification of a region of the Arabidopsis AtAOX1a promoter necessary for mitochondrial retrograde regulation of expression - Danijel Dojcinovic; Julie Krosting; Amanda J. Harris; Daniel J. Wagner; David M. Rhoads (Plant Molecular Biology, 2005)

Substrate dependence of the postischemic cardiomyocyte recovery: Dissociation between functional, metabolic and injury markers - Cindy Tissier; David Vandroux; Lisa Devillard; Amandine Brochot; Daniel Moreau; Luc Rochette; Pierre Athias (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2005)

Climate change in lowland Central America during the late deglacial and early Holocene - Michael B. Hillesheim; David A. Hodell; Barbara W. Leyden; Mark Brenner; Jason H. Curtis; Flavio S. Anselmetti; Daniel Ariztegui; David G. Buck; Thomas P. Guilderson; Michael F. Rosenmeier; Douglas W. Schnurrenberger (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2005)
The transition from arid glacial to moist early Holocene conditions represented a profound change in northern lowland Neotropical climate. Here we report a detailed record of changes in moisture availability during the latter part of this transition (∼11 250 to 7500 cal. yr BP) inferred from sediment cores retrieved in Lake Petén Itzá, northern Guatemala. Pollen assemblages demonstrate that a mesic forest had been largely established by ∼11 250 cal. yr BP, but sediment properties indicate that lake level was more than 35 m below modern stage. From 11 250 to 10 350 cal. yr BP, during the Preboreal period, lithologic changes in sediments from deep‐water cores (>50 m below modern water level) indicate several wet–dry cycles that suggest distinct changes in effective moisture. Four dry events (designated PBE1‐4) occurred centred at 11 200, 10 900, 10 700 and 10 400 cal. yr BP and correlate with similar variability observed in the Cariaco Basin titanium record and glacial meltwater pulses into the Gulf of Mexico. After 10 350 cal. yr BP, multiple sediment proxies suggest a shift to a more persistently moist early Holocene climate. Comparison of results from Lake Petén Itzá with other records from the circum‐Caribbean demonstrates a coherent climate response during the entire span of our record. Furthermore, lowland Neotropical climate during the late deglacial and early Holocene period appears to be tightly linked to climate change in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. We speculate that the observed changes in lowland Neotropical precipitation were related to the intensity of the annual cycle and associated displacements in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Azores–Bermuda high‐pressure system. This mechanism operated on millennial‐to‐submillennial timescales and may have responded to changes in solar radiation, glacial meltwater, North Atlantic sea ice, and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mercury Concentrations in Bicknell?s Thrush and Other Insectivorous Passerines in Montane Forests of Northeastern North America - Christopher C. Rimmer; Kent P. McFarland; David C. Evers; Eric K. Miller; Yves Aubry; Daniel Busby; Robert J. Taylor (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

Compositional effects on element partitioning between Mg-silicate perovskite and silicate melts - Christian Liebske; Alexandre Corgne; Daniel J. Frost; David C. Rubie; Bernard J. Wood (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2005)

Evaluation of five ab initio gene prediction programs for the discovery of maize genes - Hong Yao; Ling Guo; Yan Fu; Lisa A. Borsuk; Tsui-Jung Wen; David S. Skibbe; Xiangqin Cui; Brian E. Scheffler; Jun Cao; Scott J. Emrich; Daniel A. Ashlock; Patrick S. Schnable (Plant Molecular Biology, 2005)

Increased plasticity of genomic imprinting of Dlk1 in brain is due to genetic and epigenetic factors - Sylvie Croteau; David Roquis; Marie-Claude Charron; Danielle Frappier; Daniel Yavin; J. Conceptión Loredo–Osti; Thomas J. Hudson; Anna K. Naumova (Mammalian Genome, 2005)

A historical biogeographical protocol for studying biotic diversification by taxon pulses - Dominik Halas; David Zamparo; Daniel R. Brooks (Journal of Biogeography, 2005)
Aim To present a historical biogeographical protocol for distinguishing biotic diversification by taxon pulse radiations from biotic diversification by vicariance. Location Mexico and northern Central America. Methods Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA), phylogenetic inference, linear correlation analysis. Results The taxon pulse radiation of 33 clades in nine areas of endemism in Mesoamerica is based on nine episodes of biotic expansion from three areas, and six episodes of vicariance, involving four geographical splits. Nineteen per cent of speciation events are due to vicariance, 25% to peripheral isolates speciation and 56% are within‐area events. The species–area curve has a correlation coefficient ( r 2 ) of 0.47. Extinction events and species richness are highly correlated ( r 2 = 0.75), but colonization events and species richness are poorly correlated ( r 2 = 0.36), suggesting that colonization is not the main determinant of the species–area relationship. Colonization events are more poorly correlated with size of area ( r 2 = 0.05) than are in situ speciation events ( r 2 = 0.60). Colonization events and in situ events are poorly correlated ( r 2 = 0.02). All areas of endemism have reticulated histories, and have acted as both sources and islands at various times. Main conclusions Taxon pulses can be distinguished from maximum vicariance using this protocol; refining it requires a method for generating area cladograms from complex data and incorporation of direct dating of evolutionary events.

Anthropogenic impacts upon plant species richness and net primary productivity in California - John W. Williams; Eric W. Seabloom; Daniel Slayback; David M. Stoms; Joshua H. Viers (Ecology Letters, 2005)
We assess the importance of anthropogenic land‐use, altered productivity, and species invasions for observed productivity–richness relationships in California. To this end, we model net primary productivity (NPP) c. 1750 AD and at present (1982–1999) and map native and exotic vascular plant richness for 230 subecoregions. NPP has increased up to 105% in semi‐arid areas and decreased up to 48% in coastal urbanized areas. Exotic invasions have increased local species diversity up to 15%. Human activities have reinforced historical gradients in species richness but reduced the spatial heterogeneity of NPP. Structural equation modelling suggests that, prior to European settlement, NPP and richness were primarily controlled by precipitation and other abiotic variables, with NPP mediating richness. Abiotic variables remain the strongest predictors of present NPP and richness, but intermodel comparisons indicate a significant anthropogenic impact upon statewide distributions of NPP and richness. Exotic and native species each positively correlate to NPP after controlling for other variables, which may help explain recent reports of positively associated native and exotic richness.

Forest community analysis and the point-centered quarter method - David M. Bryant; Mark J. Ducey; James C. Innes; Thomas D. Lee; Robert T. Eckert; Daniel J. Zarin (Plant Ecology, 2005)

Effects of Excipients on the Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidation of Methionine Residues in Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - Jin Yin; Jhih-Wei Chu; Margaret Speed Ricci; David N. Brems; Daniel I. C. Wang; Bernhardt L. Trout (Pharmaceutical Research, 2005)

Assessing Private Forest Owner Attitudes Toward Ecosystem-Based Management - Daniel L. Belin; David B. Kittredge; Thomas H. Stevens; Donald C. Dennis; Charles M. Schweik; Bernard J. Morzuch (Journal of Forestry, 2005)
Nonindustrial private forest owners in Vermont, New Hampshire, and western Massachusetts were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward an ecosystem-based approach to management. In all cases, respondents showed favorable attitudes toward: unique, small-scale ecological features like rare species and wetlands; management at spatial scales larger than the individual parcel; and ownership beyond a single generation. Even nonrespondents, when interviewed on the telephone, indicated attitudes sensitive to these issues. We believe future conservation of nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) lands will be successful if professionals design management alternatives sensitive to these attitudes and policy makers craft appealing and effective programs that are perceived as relevant.

Diversity of functional genes of methanogens, methanotrophs and sulfate reducers in deep‐sea hydrothermal environments - Olivier Nercessian; Nadège Bienvenu; David Moreira; Daniel Prieur; Christian Jeanthon (Environmental Microbiology, 2005)
Summary To contribute to the identification of methanogens, methanotrophs and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in microbial communities from the 13°N (East Pacific Rise) and Rainbow (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge) hydrothermal vent fields, we investigated the diversity of mcrA , pmoA and dsrAB genes sequences. Clone libraries were obtained using DNA isolated from fragments of diffuse vents, sediment and in situ samplers. The clones were categorized by restriction fragment length polymorphism, and representatives of each group were sequenced. Sequences were related to that of hyperthermophilic (order Methanopyrales and family Methanocaldococcaceae), thermophilic and mesophilic (family Methanococcaceae) methanogens, thermophilic (proposed genus ‘ Methylothermus ’) and mesophilic type I methanotrophs, and hyperthermophilic (order Archaeoglobales), thermophilic (order Thermodesulfobacteriales) and mesophilic (family Desulfobulbaceae) SRB. Several of the obtained sequences were distantly related to the genes of cultivated organisms, providing evidence of the existence of novel lineages in the three functional groups. This study provides for the first time an insight into the diversity of several functional genes of deep‐sea hydrothermal system microorganisms.

Effects of Antioxidants on the Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Oxidation of Methionine Residues in Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment 13-34 - Jin Yin; Jhih-Wei Chu; Margaret Speed Ricci; David N. Brems; Daniel I. C. Wang; Bernhardt L. Trout (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

Modeling Sustainability of Arctic Communities: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Researchers and Local Knowledge Holders - Jack A. Kruse; Robert G. White; Howard E. Epstein; Billy Archie; Matt Berman; Stephen R. Braund; F. Stuart Chapin; Johnny Charlie; Colin J. Daniel; Joan Eamer; Nick Flanders; Brad Griffith; et al. (Ecosystems, 2004)

Effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on plasma catecholamines and glucose levels in patients with schizophrenia - Igor Elman; David Rott; Alan I. Green; Daniel D. Langleben; Scott E. Lukas; David S. Goldstein; Alan Breier (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Environmental Metabonomics: Applying Combination Biomarker Analysis in Earthworms at a Metal Contaminated Site - Jacob G. Bundy; David J. Spurgeon; Claus Svendsen; Peter K. Hankard; Jason M. Weeks; Daniel Osborn; John C. Lindon; Jeremy K. Nicholson (Ecotoxicology, 2004)

Precipitation pulses and carbon fluxes in semiarid and arid ecosystems - Travis E. Huxman; Keirith A. Snyder; David Tissue; A. Joshua Leffler; Kiona Ogle; William T. Pockman; Darren R. Sandquist; Daniel L. Potts; Susan Schwinning (Oecologia, 2004)

Leaf litter quality and decomposition rates of yellow birch and sugar maple seedlings grown in mono-culture and mixed-culture pots at three soil fertility levels - David Sommerville; Robert Bradley; Daniel Mailly (Trees, 2004)

Allelic mutations of the sodium channel SCN8A reveal multiple cellular and physiological functions - Miriam H. Meisler; Nicholas W. Plummer; Daniel L. Burgess; David A. Buchner; Leslie K. Sprunger (Genetica, 2004)

Floral affinity and benefits of dietary mixing with flowers for a polyphagous scarab, Popillia japonica Newman - David W. Held; Daniel A. Potter (Oecologia, 2004)

From Meters to Kilometers: A Look at Ocean-Color Scales of Variability, Spatial Coherence, and the Need for Fine-Scale Remote Sensing in Coastal Ocean Optics - Paul Bissett; Robert Arnone; Curtiss Davis; Tommy Dickey; Daniel Dye; David Kohler; Richard Gould (Oceanography, 2004)

Nomenclature for members of the expansin superfamily of genes and proteins - Hans Kende; Kent Bradford; David Brummell; Hyung-taeg Cho; Daniel Cosgrove; Andrew Fleming; Chris Gehring; Yi Lee; Simon Mcqueen-mason; Jocelyn Rose; Laurentius Voesenek (Plant Molecular Biology, 2004)

Molecular evolution of Agaricus species based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences - József Geml; David M. Geiser; Daniel J. Royse (Mycological Progress, 2004)

Phosphorus Amendment Reduces Bioavailability of Lead to Mallards Ingesting Contaminated Sediments - Gary H. Heinz; David J. Hoffman; Daniel J. Audet (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004)

Amazon drought and its implications for forest flammability and tree growth: a basin‐wide analysis - Daniel Nepstad; Paul Lefebvre; Urbano Lopes da Silva; Javier Tomasella; Peter Schlesinger; Luiz Solórzano; Paulo Moutinho; David Ray; José Guerreira Benito (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Severe drought in moist tropical forests provokes large carbon emissions by increasing forest flammability and tree mortality, and by suppressing tree growth. The frequency and severity of drought in the tropics may increase through stronger El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes, global warming, and rainfall inhibition by land use change. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal patterns of drought in moist tropical forests, and the complex relationships between patterns of drought and forest fire regimes, tree mortality, and productivity. We present a simple geographic information system soil water balance model, called RisQue (Risco de Queimada – Fire Risk) for the Amazon basin that we use to conduct an analysis of these patterns for 1996–2001. RisQue features a map of maximum plant‐available soil water (PAW max ) developed using 1565 soil texture profiles and empirical relationships between soil texture and critical soil water parameters. PAW is depleted by monthly evapotranspiration (ET) fields estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and satellite‐derived radiation inputs and recharged by monthly rain fields estimated from 266 meteorological stations. Modeled PAW to 10 m depth (PAW 10 m ) was similar to field measurements made in two Amazon forests. During the severe drought of 2001, PAW 10 m fell to below 25% of PAW max in 31% of the region's forests and fell below 50% PAW max in half of the forests. Field measurements and experimental forest fires indicate that soil moisture depletion below 25% PAW max corresponds to a reduction in leaf area index of approximately 25%, increasing forest flammability. Hence, approximately one‐third of Amazon forests became susceptible to fire during the 2001 ENSO period. Field measurements also suggest that the ENSO drought of 2001 reduced carbon storage by approximately 0.2 Pg relative to years without severe soil moisture deficits. RisQue is sensitive to spin‐up time, rooting depth, and errors in ET estimates. Improvements in our ability to accurately model soil moisture content of Amazon forests will depend upon better understanding of forest rooting depths, which can extend to beyond 15 m. RisQue provides a tool for early detection of forest fire risk.

CDOM transport from the Bahamas Banks - Daniel B. Otis; Kendall L. Carder; David C. English; James E. Ivey (Coral Reefs, 2004)

Net ecosystem carbon exchange in two experimental grassland ecosystems - Paul S. J. Verburg; John A. Arnone; Daniel Obrist; David E. Schorran; R. David Evans; Debbie Leroux‐swarthout; Dale W. Johnson; Yiqi Luo; James S. Coleman (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Increases in net primary production (NPP) may not necessarily result in increased C sequestration since an increase in uptake can be negated by concurrent increases in ecosystem C losses via respiratory processes. Continuous measurements of net ecosystem C exchange between the atmosphere and two experimental cheatgrass ( Bromus tectorum L.) ecosystems in large dynamic flux chambers (EcoCELLs) showed net ecosystem C losses to the atmosphere in excess of 300 g C m −2 over two growing cycles. Even a doubling of net ecosystem production (NEP) after N fertilization in the second growing season did not compensate for soil C losses incurred during the fallow period. Fertilization not only increased C uptake in biomass but also enhanced C losses through soil respiration from 287 to 469 g C m −2 , mainly through an increase in rhizosphere respiration. Fertilization decreased dissolved inorganic C losses through leaching of from 45 to 10 g C m −2 . Unfertilized cheatgrass added 215 g C m −2 as root‐derived organic matter but the contribution of these inputs to long‐term C sequestration was limited as these deposits rapidly decomposed. Fertilization increased NEP but did not increase belowground C inputs most likely due to a concurrent increase in the production and decomposition of rhizodeposits. Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) was reduced by fertilizer additions. The results from our study show that, although annual grassland ecosystems can add considerable amounts of C to soils during the growing season, it is unlikely that they sequester large amounts of C because of high respiratory losses during dormancy periods. Although fertilization could increase NEP, fertilization might reduce soil C inputs as heterotrophic organisms favor root‐derived organic matter over native SOM.

Managing the Amazon Timber Industry - DANIEL NEPSTAD; CLAUDIA AZEVEDO‐RAMOS; EIRIVELTHON LIMA; DAVID McGRATH; CÁSSIO PEREIRA; FRANK MERRY (Conservation Biology, 2004)

Diameter increment in mature eastern white pine Pinus strobus L. following partial harvest of old-growth stands in Ontario, Canada - William G. Cole; David Balsillie; Daniel P. Bebber; Sean C. Thomas (Trees, 2004)

Exposure to an enriched CO 2 atmosphere alters carbon assimilation and allocation in a pine forest ecosystem - Karina V. R. Schäfer; Ram Oren; David S. Ellsworth; Chun‐Ta Lai; Jeffrey D. Herrick; Adrien C. Finzi; Daniel D. Richter; Gabriel G. Katul (Global Change Biology, 2003)
We linked a leaf‐level CO 2 assimilation model with a model that accounts for light attenuation in the canopy and measurements of sap‐flux‐based canopy conductance into a new canopy conductance‐constrained carbon assimilation (4C‐A) model. We estimated canopy CO 2 uptake ( A nC ) at the Duke Forest free‐air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) study. Rates of A nC estimated from the 4C‐A model agreed well with leaf gas exchange measurements ( A net ) in both CO 2 treatments. Under ambient conditions, monthly sums of net CO 2 uptake by the canopy ( A nC ) were 13% higher than estimates based on eddy‐covariance and chamber measurements. Annual estimates of A nC were only 3% higher than carbon (C) accumulations and losses estimated from ground‐based measurements for the entire stand. The C budget for the Pinus taeda component was well constrained (within 1% of ground‐based measurements). Although the closure of the C budget for the broadleaf species was poorer (within 20%), these species are a minor component of the forest. Under elevated CO 2 , the C used annually for growth, turnover, and respiration balanced only 80% of the A nC . Of the extra 700 g C m −2 a −1 (1999 and 2000 average), 86% is attributable to surface soil CO 2 efflux. This suggests that the production and turnover of fine roots was underestimated or that mycorrhizae and rhizodeposition became an increasingly important component of the C balance. Under elevated CO 2 , net ecosystem production increased by 272 g C m −2 a −1 : 44% greater than under ambient CO 2 . The majority (87%) of this C was sequestered in a moderately long‐term C pool in wood, with the remainder in the forest floor–soil subsystem.

Taking the Pulse of Mountains: Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Variability - Daniel B. Fagre; David L. Peterson; Amy E. Hessl (Climatic Change, 2003)

Nuclear Transport by Laser-Induced Pressure Transients - Tai-Yuan David Lin; Daniel J. McAuliffe; Norm Michaud; Hong Zhang; Shun Lee; Apostolos G. Doukas; Thomas J. Flotte (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Erratum - Daniel J. Becker; Jay T. Myers; Melissa M. Ruff; Peter L. Smith; Brenda W. Gillespie; David W. Ginsburg; John B. Lowe (Mammalian Genome, 2003)

Reproductive factors and ovarian cancer risk in Jewish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (United States) - Francesmary Modugno; Roxana Moslehi; Roberta B. Ness; Deborah Brooks Nelson; Steven Belle; Jeffrey A. Kant; James E. Wheeler; Aimee Wonderlick; David Fishman; Beth Karlan; Harvey Risch; Daniel W. Cramer; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2003)

Tracing Specific Synonymous Codon-Secondary Structure Correlations Through Evolution - Matej Orešič; Michael H. H. Dehn; Daniel H. H. Korenblum; David H. H. Shalloway (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2003)

Dimethyl sulphide and methanethiol formation in microbial mats: potential pathways for biogenic signatures - Pieter T. Visscher; Laura K. Baumgartner; Daniel H. Buckley; Daniel R. Rogers; Mary E. Hogan; Christopher D. Raleigh; Kendra A. Turk; David J. Des Marais (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary Mechanisms of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methanethiol (MT) production and consumption were determined in moderately hypersaline mats, Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Biological pathways regulated the net flux of DMS and MT as revealed by increases in flux resulting from decreased salinity, increased temperature and the removal of oxygen. Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) was not present in these microbial mats and DMS and MT are probably formed by the reaction of photosynthetically produced low‐molecular weight organic carbon and biogenic hydrogen sulphide derived from sulphate reduction. These observations provide an alternative to the notion that DMSP or S‐containing amino acids are the dominant precursors of DMS in intertidal sediment systems. The major sink for DMS in the microbial mats was biological consumption, whereas photochemical oxidation to dimethylsulphoxide was the major sink for DMS in the overlying water column. Diel flux measurements demonstrated that significantly more DMS is released from the system during the night than during the day. The major consumers of DMS in the presence of oxygen were monooxygenase‐utilizing bacteria, whereas under anoxic conditions, DMS was predominantly consumed by sulphate‐reducing bacteria and methanethiol was consumed by methanogenic bacteria. Aerobic and anaerobic consumption rates of DMS were nearly identical. Mass balance estimates suggest that the consumption in the water column is likely to be smaller than net the flux from the mats. Volatile organic sulphur compounds are thus indicators of high rates of carbon fixation and sulphate reduction in these laminated sediment ecosystems, and atmospheric sulphur can be generated as a biogenic signature of the microbial mat community.

Relationship Between Six Years of Corn Yields and Terrain Attributes - Thomas C. Kaspar; Thomas S. Colvin; Daniel B. Jaynes; Douglas L. Karlen; David E. James; David W. Meek; Daniel Pulido; Howard Butler (Precision Agriculture, 2003)

Respiratory gene expression in soybean cotyledons during post-germinative development - Daniel O. Daley; Michael J. Considine; Katharine A. Howell; A. Harvey Millar; David A. Day; James Whelan (Plant Molecular Biology, 2003)

Snow Avalanche Hazard in Canada – a Review - Chris Stethem; Bruce Jamieson; Peter Schaerer; David Liverman; Daniel Germain; Simon Walker (Natural Hazards, 2003)

Macronuclear Molecules Encoding Actins in Spirotrichs - Katie E. Croft; Andrew B. Dalby; Daniel J. Hogan; Kindra E. Orr; Elizabeth A. Hewitt; Robert J. Africa; Michelle L. DuBois; David M. Prescott (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2003)

Strain-specific modification of lethality in fucose-deficient mice - Daniel J. Becker; Jay T. Myers; Melissa M. Ruff; Peter L. Smith; Brenda W. Gillespie; David W. Ginsburg; John B. Lowe (Mammalian Genome, 2003)

Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels - Catherine M. Gatenby; David M. Orcutt; Daniel A. Kreeger; Bruce C. Parker; Vannessa A. Jones; Richard J. Neves (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2003)

Phytophthora cinnamomi in native vegetation communities of southern Victoria—morphological variation and paragyny among isolates - Rosalie Daniel; Barbara A. Wilson; David M. Cahill (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2003)

Phylogenetic systematic assessment of the Aspidobothrea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata, Trematoda) - David Zamparo; Daniel R. Brooks (Zoologica Scripta, 2003)
Phylogenetic systematic analysis of 20 aspidobothrean taxa using 33 transformation series based in comparative morphology yields three most parsimonious trees with a consistency index of 62%. The trees agree with familial‐level relationships of (Rugogastridae (Stichocotylidae (Multicalycidae + Aspidogastridae))) supported by previous phylogenetic systematic assessments, which were based on only 10 transformation series. The analysis does not support completely the current subfamilial classification of the Aspidogastridae: both the Aspidobothriinae [as ( Aspidogaster + Lobatostoma )] and the Cotylaspinae [as Cotylogasteroides + Cotylogaster basiri (( Cotylaspis + Lissemysia ) ( Rohdella ( Lophotaspis ( Multicotyle + Sychnocotyle )))))] are supported as monophyletic groups. Recognizing Rohdellinae, however, would make the Cotylaspinae paraphyletic. The trees support a basal trichotomy of Cotylogaster michaelis + Aspidobothriinae + Cotylaspinae. Within the Aspidogastrinae, Aspidogaster conchicola , type species of the genus, is the sister group of all other species currently placed in the genus + Lobatosoma spp., rendering Aspidogaster paraphyletic.

Observations on the Workshop as a Means of Improving Communication Between Holders of Traditional and Scientific Knowledge - HENRY P. HUNTINGTON; PATRICIA K. BROWN-SCHWALENBERG; KATHRYN J. FROST; MARIA E. FERNANDEZ-GIMENEZ; DAVID W. NORTON; DANIEL H. ROSENBERG (Environmental Management, 2002)

Comparative ecology of H2 cycling in sedimentary and phototrophic ecosystems - Tori M. Hoehler; Daniel B. Albert; Marc J. Alperin; Brad M. Bebout; Christopher S. Martens; David J. Des Marais (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2002)

Associations between continental‐scale snow cover anomalies and air mass frequencies across eastern North America - Daniel J. Leathers; Thomas L. Mote; Andrew J. Grundstein; David A. Robinson; Kathleen Felter; Kathleen Conrad; Lauren Sedywitz (International Journal of Climatology, 2002)
The spatial extent of snow cover has been shown to affect diverse meteorological variables, including surface air temperatures, atmospheric moisture, longwave and shortwave radiation budgets, and sensible and latent heat fluxes. However, little research has directly addressed the role of snow cover extent in the production and/or maintenance of diverse air mass types. The major hypothesis of this study is that continental‐scale snow cover anomalies should influence air mass frequencies because of their important effects on land‐surface energy budgets. To test this hypothesis, satellite‐derived Northern Hemisphere snow cover data were used in conjunction with a unique air mass classification routine to ascertain the association between air mass frequencies and snow cover anomalies across eastern North America. Results indicate that continental‐scale snow cover anomalies are strongly associated with changes in the frequency of air masses over eastern North America. However, strong mid‐tropospheric circulation anomalies are often associated with the snow cover and air mass frequency changes, making it difficult to judge the relative importance of the snow cover anomaly to the variations in air mass frequency. During the months of November, December, January and April, circulation patterns are present that would lead to the observed snow cover anomalies and associated air mass frequency changes. Thus, we hypothesize that snow cover anomalies (resulting from the strong circulation anomalies) help to enhance changes in the air mass frequencies of the region. However, during the months of February and March no strong circulation anomalies are apparent, suggesting that during these months snow cover may play a dominant role in air mass frequency variations. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.

Renal Assimilation of Short Chain Peptides: Visualization of Tubular Peptide Uptake - David A. Groneberg; Frank Döring; Monika Nickolaus; Hannelore Daniel; Axel Fischer (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Competitive Capacity of Quercus rubra L. Planted in Arkansas' Boston Mountains - Martin A. Spetich; Daniel C. Dey; Paul S. Johnson; David L. Graney (Forest Science, 2002)
Results of an 11 yr study of the growth and survival of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings (2-0 bare-root) are presented. More than 4,000 seedlings were planted under shelterwood overstories that were harvested 3 yr after planting. Results are expressed as planted-tree dominance probabilities. Dominance probability is the probability that a planted tree will live to attain a favorable competitive position (i.e., at least 80% of the mean height of dominant competitors) at a specified year. We interpret the resulting probability as a measure of the competitive capacity of an individual seedling, i.e., its potential of attaining dominance in a specified environment. Based on logistic regression analysis, dominance probabilities increase with time after shelterwood overstory removal for any given environment and initial seedling characteristics. At any specified time, dominance probabilities depend on initial seedling basal diameter before planting (stem caliper 2 cm above the root collar), site quality, intensity of weed control, and shelterwood percent stocking. Dominance probabilities increase with decreasing shelterwood stocking, increasing initial stem caliper, and increasing intensity of weed control. Other factors being equal, top clipped seedlings have higher dominance probabilities than unclipped seedlings. The reciprocals of the dominance probabilities provide silviculturally useful estimates of the numbers of trees that would need to be planted to obtain, on the average, one competitively successful tree. For example, if clipped seedlings averaging 6 mm in caliper were planted where oak site index was 24 m, shelterwood stocking was 80%, and the site was given no weed control before or after planting, obtaining one competitively successful tree 11 yr after planting (8 yr after shelterwood removal) would require planting 144 seedlings. Other factors remaining the same, increasing initial caliper to 22 mm would require planting only 5 trees to obtain 1 competitively successful tree. For the same size (22 mm) and type of seedling planted on site index 18 m under a shelterwood at 40 to 60% stocking and given two weed control treatments, only 1.4 trees would need to be planted. Results emphasize the sensitivity of competitive capacity, and thus the silvicultural potential, of planted northern red oaks in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas to the joint effects of field environment and initial seedling characteristics. FOR. SCI. 48(3):504–517.

Temporal capacity of short-term visuomotor memory in continuous force production - David E. Vaillancourt; Daniel M. Russell (Experimental Brain Research, 2002)

Effect of temperature on diatom volume, growth rate, and carbon and nitrogen content: Reconsidering some paradigms - David J. S. Montagnes; Daniel J. Franklin (Limnology and Oceanography, 2002)

Appropriateness of biotechnology to African agriculture: Striga and maize as paradigms - Fred Kanampiu; Joel Ransom; Jonathan Gressel; David Jewell; Dennis Friesen; Daniel Grimanelli; David Hoisington (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2002)

The Antigen Receptor (NCCRP-1) on Catfish and Zebrafish Nonspecific Cytotoxic Cells Belongs to a New Gene Family Characterized by an F-Box-Associated Domain - Liliana Jaso-Friedmann; David S. Peterson; Daniel S. Gonzalez; Donald L. Evans (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2002)

The Influence of Solvent Viscosity on the Fluorescence Decay and Time-Resolved Anisotropy of Green Fluorescent Protein - Klaus Suhling; Daniel M. Davis; David Phillips (Journal of Fluorescence, 2002)

Murine model of BCG lung infection: Dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations in lung interstitium and tracheal lymph nodes - Rajiv K. Saxena; David Weissman; Janet Simpson; Daniel M. Lewis (Journal of Biosciences, 2002)

Environmental Impacts of the Emerging Digital Economy: The E-for-Environment E-Commerce? - DANIEL Z. SUI; DAVID W. REJESKI (Environmental Management, 2002)

Vegetation composition, structure, and biomass of two unpolluted watersheds in the Cordillera de Piuchué, Chiloé Island, Chile - John J. Battles; Juan J. Armesto; David R. Vann; Daniel J. Zarin; Juan Carlos Aravena; Cecilia Pérez; Arthur H. Johnson (Plant Ecology, 2002)

Influence of vegetation change on watershed hydrology: implications for paleoclimatic interpretation of lacustrine δ18O records - Michael F. Rosenmeier; David A. Hodell; Mark Brenner; Jason H. Curtis; Jonathan B. Martin; Flavio S. Anselmetti; Daniel Ariztegui; Thomas P. Guilderson (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2002)

Stability of a second-generation cephalosporin veterinary mastitis formulation after electron beam irradiation - Pamela J. Johns; Michael Turberg; Kevin Willard; Daniel Matagne; David Cheesman (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2001)

Protein kinase CK2: Signaling and tumorigenesis in the mammary gland - Esther Landesman-Bollag; Diane H. Song; Raphaelle Romieu-Mourez; Daniel J. Sussman; Robert D. Cardiff; Gail E. Sonenshein; David C. Seldin (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

Impacts on Economically Optimal Timber Rotations When Future Land Use Changes - W. David Klemperer; Daniel R. Farkas (Forest Science, 2001)
Based on a perpetual rotation assumption, changes in selected variables will have effects on the even-aged timber clearcut age (rotation) that maximizes net present value using the Faustmann formula. Alternatively, one can assume that landowners project a postharvest change in land use with a land value equal to or exceeding today's Faustmann value and that this future land value is independent of their assumed values for variables like annual costs, annual revenues, stumpage prices, and income taxes. In that case, the impact of changes in the foregoing variables on optimal rotations may be substantially greater, and sometimes in the opposite direction, compared to the standard Faustmann approach. Moreover, a higher estimated postharvest land value can shorten the optimal rotation. With a loblolly pine yield function, these rotation differences are demonstrated, using the standard, perpetual Faustmann formula and a rotation-end land use change adaptation with a fixed projected land value. Appendixes include mathematical verifications. The different interpretations depend on whether one considers the Faustmann land value as the land market value in a general equilibrium sense, or whether one takes the future market value of land as given and performs sensitivity analyses of alternative scenarios. Policy implications are difficult to assess without more research on landowner behavior. FOR. SCI. 47(4):520–525.

Murine inter-strain polymorphisms alter gene targeting frequencies at the mu opioid receptor locus in embryonic stem cells - Li Zhou; Daniel L. Rowley; Qing-Sheng Mi; Natasha Sefcovic; Hans W.D. Matthes; Brigitte L. Kieffer; David M. Donovan (Mammalian Genome, 2001)

A novel Q378X mutation exists in the transmembrane transporter protein ABCC6 and its pseudogene: implications for mutation analysis in pseudoxanthoma elasticum - Li Cai; Amanda Lumsden; Ulf P. Guenther; Sarah A. Neldner; Stéphanie Zäch; Hans Knoblauch; Raj Ramesar; Daniel Hohl; David F. Callen; Kenneth H. Neldner; Klaus Lindpaintner; Robert I. Richards; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2001)

Inbreeding and extinction: Effects of purging - Richard Frankham; Dean M. Gilligan; Daniel Morris; David A. Briscoe (Conservation Genetics, 2001)

Conservation Value and Rankings of Exotic Species - Erica H. Dunn; David J. T. Hussell; Daniel A. Welsh (Conservation Biology, 2001)

The Evolutionarily Significant Unit and Adaptive Criteria: a Response to Young - Walter Wheaton Dimmick; Michael J. Ghedotti; Michael J. Grose; Anne M. Maglia; Daniel J. Meinhardt; David S. Pennock (Conservation Biology, 2001)

Abstracts of presentations at the 22nd Congress of the Israeli Phytopathological Society February 12–13,2001 ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel - D. Shtienberg; M. Reuveni; N. Shegalov; D. Shegalov; D. Eshel; Ruth Ben-Arie; D. Prusky; Nadia Korolev; J. Katan; Talma Katan; A. Sharon; L. Oren; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 2001)

Generation of a Recombinant Anticarsia Gemmatalis Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Expressing a Foreign Gene under the Control of a Very Late Promoter - Eloisa I. Arana; César G. Albariño; David O'Reilly; P. Daniel Ghiringhelli; Víctor Romanowski (Virus Genes, 2001)

Intramuscular (IM) ziprasidone 20 mg is effective in reducing acute agitation associated with psychosis: a double-blind, randomized trial - David G. Daniel; Steven G. Potkin; Karen R. Reeves; Rachel H. Swift; Edmund P. Harrigan (Psychopharmacology, 2001)

Depth and muscle temperature of Pacific bluefin tuna examined with acoustic and pop-up satellite archival tags - David J. Marcinek; Susanna B. Blackwell; Heidi Dewar; Ellen V. Freund; Charles Farwell; Daniel Dau; Andrew C. Seitz; Barbara A. Block (Marine Biology, 2001)

Compressive Deformation and Damage of Muscle Cell Subpopulations in a Model System - Carlijn V. C. Bouten; Martin M. Knight; David A. Lee; Daniel L. Bader (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001)

Predicting invasion dynamics of four alien Pinus species in a highly fragmented semi-arid shrubland in South Africa - Mathieu Rouget; David M. Richardson; Sue J. Milton; Daniel Polakow (Plant Ecology, 2001)

Phylogenetic analysis of the Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) with emphasis on the Neodermata and relatives - David Zamparo; Daniel R. Brooks; Eric P. Hoberg; Deborah A. McLennan (Zoologica Scripta, 2001)
Phylogenetic systematic analysis of 24 taxa representing the rhabdocoel platyhelminths, based on a suite of 89 morphological characters, produced two equally parsimonious trees, 181 steps long, with a consistency index (CI) of 0.69 and a rescaled consistency index (RCI) of 0.56, differing only with respect to that portion of the tree containing Umagillidae, Acholadidae, Graffillinae, Pseudograffillinae, Pterastericolidae and Hypoblepharinidae. Our results accommodate all previously proposed sister taxa to the Neodermata in a single clade in which ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) is the sister group of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma ) ( Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))). Bootstrap and jackknife analyses indicate that the groupings of ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) and of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma ) ( Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))) are highly robust, with the latter clade having a CI of 90% and RCI of 82%. Disagreements among previous analyses of these taxa have been due to the influence of missing data for critical characters in key taxa and differences in the taxa analysed, rather than any inherent weakness in the morphological data. Non‐phylogenetic systematic approaches to homology assessment and misconceptions regarding phylogenetic systematic methodology are discussed. Recent analyses combining sequence data with a subset of approximately 60% of the morphological characters should be re‐assessed using the entire morphological database. Even if Udonella is a monogenean, it is most parsimonious to suggest that the common ancestor of the Neodermata had a vertebrate–arthropod two‐host life cycle.

The Effect of Space‐Use Patterns of Reintroduced Asiatic Wild Ass on Effective Population Size - David Saltz; Mary Rowen; Daniel I. Rubenstein (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Empirical data on behavior, such as space‐use patterns, are important to the success of animal reintroductions. We studied space‐use patterns in a growing population of Asiatic wild ass ( Equus hemionus ) reintroduced into the Ramon erosion cirque in the Negev desert, Israel. Between 1988 and 1995 we used direct observation to determine the location and association of males and females. All adult females and dominant males were individually recognized. Home ranges of dominant males overlapped little, suggesting that in this population males are territorial. After the first release of males and females into the wild, only one territory was established, and it covered most of the 20,000 ha of the cirque. After 6 years the number of male territories increased as the number of males in the population increased, and average territory size decreased. Male territories were near permanent and ephemeral water sources, but the water sources were at the peripheries of the territories and were not centers of activity. When there was only one territorial male, female home ranges were almost entirely within the territory. As male territory size decreased, so did the spatial association of females with a single male. During the breeding season, males spent more time in close association with female groups, adopting what may temporarily appear to be a harem breeding strategy. Although demographic and environmental factors pose a greater threat to small populations, our data support the hypothesis that in small, reintroduced populations of territorial, polygynous species, effective population size ( N e ) may be dangerously small. Our data suggest that this situation may last for several years until new males are recruited into the population. Thereafter, rapid male turnover and female use of several male territories may ameliorate this problem. We found no relationship between male turnover rate and female reproductive success. The establishment of more male territories is key to increasing N e and should be the basis for planning reserves for territorial, polygynous species.

The Effect of Space-Use Patterns of Reintroduced Asiatic Wild Ass on Effective Population Size - David Saltz; Mary Rowen; Daniel I. Rubenstein (Conservation Biology, 2000)

Composition and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: Constraints on the tectonic development of Palawan - Shigeyuki Suzuki; Shizuo Takemura; Graciano P. Yumul; Sevillo D. David; Daniel K. Asiedu (Island Arc, 2000)
Sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession of Central Palawan are rich in quartz grains and acidic volcanic rock fragments. Potassium feldspar grains and granitic rock fragments are commonly observed. The moderate to high SiO 2 and low FeO plus MgO contents of the sandstones support the proposal that clasts were derived from a continental source region. Southern China (Kwangtung and Fukien regions) is inferred to be the source area of the sandstones. The sedimentary facies of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession consist of turbidite and sandstones, suggesting that they were deposited in the deep sea portions of submarine‐fans and basin plains situated along a continental margin. These features indicate that the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession of the Central Palawan were derived and drifted from the southern margin of China. The tectonic history related to the formation of Palawan Island is also discussed.

Composition and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: Constraints on the tectonic development of Palawan - Shigeyuki Suzuki; Shizuo Takemura; Graciano P. Yumul; Sevillo D. David; Daniel K. Asiedu (Island Arc, 2000)

The Autapse: A Simple Illustration of Short-Term Analog Memory Storage by Tuned Synaptic Feedback - H. Sebastian Seung; Daniel D. Lee; Ben Y. Reis; David W. Tank (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2000)

Assessing Landscape Condition Relative to Water Resources in the Western United States: A Strategic Approach - K. Bruce Jones; Daniel T. Heggem; Timothy G. Wade; Anne C. Neale; Donald W. Ebert; Maliha S. Nash; Megan H. Mehaffey; Karl A. Hermann; Anthony R. Selle; Scott Augustine; Iris A. Goodman; Joel Pedersen; et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000)

Transmission electron microscope analysis of virus-like particles in the freshwater lakes of Signy Island, Antarctica - William H. Wilson; Daniel Lane; David A. Pearce; J. Cynan Ellis-Evans (Polar Biology, 2000)

Indicators of Biodiversity for Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management - David B. Lindenmayer; Chris R. Margules; Daniel B. Botkin (Conservation Biology, 2000)
The conservation of biological diversity has become one of the important goals of managing forests in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologists and forest resource managers need measures to judge the success or failure of management regimes designed to sustain biological diversity. The relationships between potential indicator species and total biodiversity are not well established. Carefully designed studies are required to test relationships between the presence and abundance of potential indicator species and other taxa and the maintenance of critical ecosystem processes in forests. Other indicators of biological diversity in forests, in addition or as alternatives to indicator species, include what we call structure‐based indicators. These are stand‐level and landscape‐level (spatial) features of forests such as stand structural complexity and plant species composition, connectivity, and heterogeneity. Although the adoption of practices to sustain (or recreate) key characteristics of forest ecosystems appear intuitively sensible and broadly consistent with current knowledge, information is lacking to determine whether such stand‐ and landscape‐level features of forests will serve as successful indices of (and help conserve) biodiversity. Given our limited knowledge of both indicator species and structure‐based indicators, we advocate the following four approaches to enhance biodiversity conservation in forests: (1) establish biodiversity priority areas (e.g., reserves) managed primarily for the conservation of biological diversity; (2) within production forests, apply structure‐based indicators including structural complexity, connectivity, and heterogeneity; (3) using multiple conservation strategies at multiple spatial scales, spread out risk in wood production forests; and (4) adopt an adaptive management approach to test the validity of structure‐based indices of biological diversity by treating management practices as experiments. These approaches would aim to provide new knowledge to managers and improve the effectiveness of current management strategies.

Changing Species Richness and Composition in Canadian National Parks - Donald H. Rivard; Jean Poitevin; Daniel Plasse; Michel Carleton; David J. Currie (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Canada's national parks and their surrounding areas differ markedly in size, climate, vegetation, and extent of human development. We tested the extent to which total species richness, native species richness, and the number of extirpations and introductions of terrestrial vertebrates were correlated with each of these factors. To do this, we used surveys of park fauna from the present and from the time of park establishment. Richness, extirpations, and introductions were all strongly related to climate. After we controlled for climate, smaller parks had higher rates of species loss than larger parks. Land‐use patterns (forest cover and fragmentation, roads, etc.) within parks were strongly correlated with land use in the regions surrounding the parks, showing that parks have not been isolated from regional development. Richness and extirpations within parks were generally more strongly related to regional characteristics than to the characteristics of the parks themselves. Species richness and numbers of introduced species were higher in parks found in landscapes with greater fragmentation. Frequencies of extirpations were less clearly related to human‐influenced habitat characteristics. Introductions and extinctions most often involved game species or species directly associated with human activities. There is little evidence of subtle ecological effects being responsible for species loss. Our results suggest that management should focus on direct human interventions, such as hunting, introduction of game species, and habitat fragmentation, in parks and surrounding areas.

The neurosteroid pregnanolone prevents the anxiogenic-like effect of inescapable shock in the rat - Daniel Bitran; David A. Klibansky; Gina A. Martin (Psychopharmacology, 2000)

Characterisation of two distinct HKT1-like potassium transporters from Eucalyptus camaldulensis - David J. Fairbairn; Weihong Liu; Daniel P. Schachtman; Sara Gomez-Gallego; Sharon R. Day; Robert D. Teasdale (Plant Molecular Biology, 2000)

Relation of Waterfowl Poisoning to Sediment Lead Concentrations in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin - W. Nelson Beyer; Daniel J. Audet; Gary H. Heinz; David J. Hoffman; Daniel Day (Ecotoxicology, 2000)

Managing the Koala Problem: Interdisciplinary Perspectives - Elaine Stratford; Nicole Mazur; Daniel Lunney; David Bennett (Conservation Biology, 2000)
There is a complex scientific, ethical, and cultural debate in Australia about how best to conserve koalas and their habitat. Despite the diverse array of management and research options promoted by scientists, wildlife agency staff, and koala advocates, there remains a gap in our acknowledgment of the social factors influencing decision making about koala conservation. Koala management research has generated valuable scientific knowledge about koala biology and ecology but has been weak about organizational and policy processes and about the cultures within which we produce, disseminate, and legitimize this kind of knowledge. We suggest that more effective koala conservation will result from making the political and cultural influences on decision making regarding the koala more explicit in research, management, and policy‐making forums. Research must be conducted in the context of the cultural significance of the koala. The koala's survival depends on preserving the valuable lands that these creatures (and many others) inhabit. Ultimately, the koala symbolizes conflicting land‐use values and illustrates the need for greater collaboration, cooperation, and trust among social and natural scientists in the conduct of koala conservation research, management, and policy.

Regional Patterns of Streamwater Acidity and Catchment Afforestation in Galloway, SW Scotland - Christoph B. Puhr; Daniel N. M. Donoghue; Alastair B. Stephen; David J. Tervet; Callum Sinclair (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2000)

Bird Communities and Habitat as Ecological Indicators of Forest Condition in Regional Monitoring - Grant E. Canterbury; Thomas E. Martin; Daniel R. Petit; Lisa J. Petit; David F. Bradford (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Ecological indicators for long‐term monitoring programs are needed to detect and assess changing environmental conditions. We developed and tested community‐level environmental indicators for monitoring forest bird populations and associated habitat. We surveyed 197 sampling plots in loblolly–shortleaf pine forests, spanning an area from Georgia to Virginia ( U.S.A.) and representing a gradient in levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Ninety of these plots were randomly selected from a sampling grid, permitting quantitative assessment of cumulative distribution functions for bird community and habitat parameters. Species were independently classified into habitat assemblages indicating birds typical of disturbed habitat (e.g., shrubland, forest edge) and undisturbed habitat (mature forest). Relative abundances of these assemblages were used to form a bird community index—similar to the index of biotic integrity applied to aquatic systems—showing the effects of habitat disturbance on forest bird communities. Bird communities on the majority of the sample area (52–75%, 90% confidence interval) were dominated by disturbance‐tolerant species. Sites dominated by mature‐forest species were comparatively uncommon. Habitat assemblages appeared to be particularly useful tools for environmental monitoring; individual species abundance was positively correlated with assemblage species richness, and assemblage members showed consistent responses to variations in disturbance level. To a lesser extent, component species of nesting guilds showed this pattern of cohesive responses, but those of foraging guilds did not. We also developed a habitat index based on habitat variables that predicted bird community index values. Habitat and bird community indices were strongly correlated in an independent validation dataset, suggesting that the habitat index can provide a reliable predictor of bird community status. The two indices may be used in combination, with the bird community index providing a direct measure of the status of the bird community and the habitat index providing a basis on which to separate changes in the bird community into local habitat effects versus other factors (e.g., landscape level effects, changes on wintering grounds).

Evidence for short-lived oscillations in the biological records from the sediments of Lago Albano (Central Italy) spanning the period ca. 28 to 17 k yr BP - Piero Guilizzoni; Aldo Marchetto; Andrea Lami; Frank Oldfield; Marina Manca; Claudio A. Belis; Anna M. Nocentini; Patrizia Comoli; Vivienne J. Jones; Steve Juggins; Christina Chondrogianni; Daniel Ariztegui; et al. (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2000)

Analytical Group Decision Making in Natural Resources: Methodology and Application - Daniel L. Schmoldt; David L. Peterson (Forest Science, 2000)
Group decision making is becoming increasingly important in natural resource management and associated scientific applications, because multiple values are treated coincidentally in time and space, multiple resource specialists are needed, and multiple stakeholders must be included in the decision process. Decades of social science research on decision making in groups have provided insights into the impediments to effective group processes and on techniques that can be applied in a group context. Nevertheless, little integration and few applications of these results have occurred in resource management decision processes, where formal groups are integral, either directly or indirectly. A group decision-making methodology is introduced as an effective approach for temporary, formal groups (e.g., workshops). It combines the following three components: (1) brainstorming to generate ideas; (2) the analytic hierarchy process to produce judgments, manage conflict, enable consensus, and plan for implementation; and (3) a discussion template (straw document). Resulting numerical assessments of alternative decision priorities can be analyzed statistically to indicate where group member agreement occurs and where priority values are significantly different. An application of this group process to fire research program development in a workshop setting indicates that the process helps focus group deliberations; mitigates groupthink, nondecision, and social loafing pitfalls; encourages individual interaction; identifies irrational judgments; and provides a large amount of useful quantitative information about group preferences. This approach can help facilitate scientific assessments and other decision-making processes in resource management. For. Sci. 46(1):62-75.

Stabilization of collagen-tailed acetycholinesterase in muscle cells through extracellular anhorage by transglutaminase-catalysed cross-linking - David Hand; Daniel Dias; Laurence Haynes (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2000)

A 500-kb region on chromosome 16p13.1 contains the pseudoxanthoma elasticum locus: high-resolution mapping and genomic structure - Li Cai; Berthold Struk; Mark D. Adams; Wan Ji; Thomas Haaf; Hyung-Lyun Kang; So Hee Dho; Xuequn Xu; Franziska Ringpfeil; Julie Nancarrow; Stéphanie Zäch; Lori Schaen; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2000)

Molecular characterisation of a NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 from Schistosoma mansoni and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain function by testosterone - Marcelo Rosado Fantappié; Antônio Galina; Ricardo Luís de Mendonça; Daniel Rodrigues Furtado; W. Evan Secor; Daniel G. Colley; Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira; George Freeman; Antônio Jorge Tempone; Lia Lannes de Camargo; Franklin David Rumjanek (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1999)

Detection and Quantification of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in Soils and on Tubers Using Specific PCR Primers - Kenneth S. Bell; Jane Roberts; Susan Verrall; Daniel W. Cullen; Naomi A. Williams; Julian G. Harrison; Ian K. Toth; David E.L. Cooke; James M. Duncan; Jamie R. Claxton (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1999)

Production of recombinant human type I procollagen homotrimer in the mammary gland of transgenic mice - P. David Toman; Frank Pieper; Naomi Sakai; Costas Karatzas; Erika Platenburg; Ineke de Wit; Caroline Samuel; Anita Dekker; Gregory A. Daniels; Richard A. Berg; Gerard J. Platenburg (Transgenic Research, 1999)

Priority‐Setting Tool Applied to Canada's Landbirds Based on Concern and Responsibility for Species - Erica H. Dunn; David J.T. Hussell; Daniel A. Welsh (Conservation Biology, 1999)
As a contribution to Partners in Flight–Canada, the Canadian Wildlife Service developed a ranking system to help set priorities for landbird species. Two complementary species lists were generated: one with scores for “concern” representing vulnerability and population trend, and one for “responsibility” for regionally characteristic fauna. The concern score gave equal weight to vulnerability, a composite score based on abundance and breadth of range, and population trend, because its purpose was to give early warning of potential problems. Responsibility scores were scale‐free and were assigned for the season in which the species is most abundant. Other systems for identifying species of concern may be more appropriate for other jurisdictions or organisms, but the responsibility ranking is widely applicable. This system is a coarse filter that generates preliminary ranks; additional information should be considered in deciding how to allocate scarce resources for conservation. Unrefined results are nonetheless useful for a variety of purposes, as illustrated by the scores for Canadian landbirds. About 25% of Canada's high‐responsibility species are also of high concern. These high‐concern species are not associated with specific habitats or migration patterns. Conservation of species ranking high on concern and responsibility merits cooperation with the United States and Mexico in particular. The scores identified improved monitoring as a priority conservation activity for Canada.

H2-E transgenic class II-negative mice can distinguish self from nonself in susceptibility to heterologous thyroglobulins in autoimmune thyroiditis - Qiang Wan; Rajal Shah; Daniel J. McCormick; Lesley C. Lomo; Alvaro A. Giraldo; Chella S. David; Y. M. Kong (Immunogenetics, 1999)

Evolution of habitat selection: stochastic acquisition of cognitive clues? - David Storch; Daniel Frynta (Evolutionary Ecology, 1999)

Possible Impacts of Global Warming on the Hydrology of the Ogallala Aquifer Region - Norman J. Rosenberg; Daniel J. Epstein; David Wang; Lance Vail; Raghavan Srinivasan; Jeffrey G. Arnold (Climatic Change, 1999)

The Importance of Systematic Biology in Defining Units of Conservation - Walter Wheaton Dimmick; Michael J. Ghedotti; Michael J. Grose; Anne M. Maglia; Daniel J. Meinhardt; David S. Pennock (Conservation Biology, 1999)
Conservation biology is linked inextricably with systematic biology. The principles of systematic biology, however, have not been integrated completely into the practice and principles of conservation biology. Systematists have recognized for some time that a number of evolutionary processes lead to the diversification of lineages. Yet some present units of conservation, such as the evolutionarily significant unit ( Waples 1991), primarily emphasize only one of these processes, adaptation. Allopatric speciation produces biodiversity without requiring any adaptive shift (and consequent adaptive differences between daughter species), so definitions of conservation units that emphasize adaptation may underestimate biodiversity. We estimated the frequency of different modes of speciation for three groups of vertebrates. The frequency of allopatric speciation varies among these groups, but is an important type of speciation in two of the three groups studied. Our results, and the results of other published studies of the frequency of modes of speciation, demonstrate that any unit of conservation defined solely in terms of adaptation is likely to underestimate biological diversity.

Meal Composition Effects on the Oral Bioavailability of Indinavir in HIV-Infected Patients - Peggy L. Carver; David Fleisher; Simon Y. Zhou; Daniel Kaul; Powel Kazanjian; Cheng Li (Pharmaceutical Research, 1999)

Nutrient cycling at the landscape scale: The role of diel foraging migrations by geese at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico - James F. Kitchell; Daniel E. Schindler; Brian R. Herwig; David M. Post; Mark H. Olson; Michael Oldham (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
Wildlife refuges are sites of dense aggregations of wintering waterfowl. Refuge managers are concerned about local water‐quality effects and the amount of birdborne nutrient load that might cause eutrophication in roosting ponds and(or) be exported to downstream systems. We initiated this research effort to test the hypothesis that daily feeding migrations by geese represented a significant source of nutrients to wetland systems at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge in the middle Rio Grande River valley of New Mexico. We documented the role of geese in translocating nutrients through a combination of time budget and mass balance models for birds, bioassays of phytoplankton growth, and stable isotope methods that trace the source of nitrogen to food webs. Geese increased the nutrient loading rates in some wetland ponds by up to 40% for total nitrogen and 75% for total phosphorus. Bioassays revealed that nitrogen was consistently limiting to primary production by algae in the ponds. Chlorophyll levels increased in proportion to bird densities. Fish and crayfish from the ponds intensively used by birds had very low stable nitrogen signatures relative to those from the Rio Grande River. This result derived from the low 15 N in alfalfa and corn, which were the primary forage for birds, and accumulated through food webs in proportion to bird use of individual ponds as roosting areas. In general, the wetland ponds functioned efficiently in retaining the birdborne, allochthonous nutrient load and only modest amounts of the total nitrogen or phosphorus were exported downstream.

Phosphorus fractions in montane forest soils of the Cordillera de Piuchué, Chile: biogeochemical implications - Suzanne M. Thomas; Arthur H. Johnson; Jacqueline Frizano; David R. Vann; Daniel J. Zarin; Amishi Joshi (Plant and Soil, 1999)

Functional analysis of the proteasome regulatory particle - Michael H. Glickman; David M. Rubin; Hongyong Fu; Christopher N. Larsen; Olivier Coux; Inge Wefes; Günter Pfeifer; Zdenka Cjeka; Richard Vierstra; Wolfgang Baumeister; Victor Fried; Daniel Finley (Molecular Biology Reports, 1999)

Spatial variability in secondary metabolite production by the tropical red alga Portieria hornemannii - Daniel B. Matlock; David W. Ginsburg; Valerie J. Paul (Hydrobiologia, 1999)

Persistence of High Lead Concentrations and Associated Effects in Tundra Swans Captured Near a Mining and Smelting Complex in Northern Idaho - Lawrence J. Blus; Charles J. Henny; David J. Hoffman; Lou Sileo; Daniel J. Audet (Ecotoxicology, 1999)

Mushrooms and Timber: Managing Commercial Harvesting in the Oregon Cascades - David Pilz; Jerry Smith; Michael P. Amaranthus; Susan Alexander; Randy Molina; Daniel Luoma (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare), which are harvested from Forest Service lands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range, provide commercial, recreational, subsistence, and cultural opportunities to forest users. The Winema and Deschutes National Forests have used collection permits and educational programs to address concerns about harvesters activities and resource sustainability. Research on matsutake productivity shows that silvicultural options may reduce fire danger and provide revenue, jobs, and wood while improving forest health and increasing the availability of the mushrooms. Thus forest managers can expand their planning and management activities to enhance the commercial value of forests.

Identification of Host-Related Volatiles Attractive to Pineapple Beetle Carpophilus humeralis - Bruce W. Zilkowski; Robert J. Bartelt; Daniel Blumberg; David G. James; David K. Weaver (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999)

A new method to measure the terminal velocity of small particles: A demonstration using ascending eggs of the Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) - John J. Cambalik; David M. Checkley; Daniel Kamykowski (Limnology and Oceanography, 1998)
A new method, incorporating video, motion analysis, and a novel experimental apparatus, was used to measure the terminal velocity of particles. The method facilitated the investigation of treatment effects and maximized the number of measurements For each replicate, thus improving the statistics for a population of particles. The eggs of the Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) were used to demonstrate the method by investigating the effects of salinity and stage of development on their ascent rate. Egg ascent rate was greatest at intermediate salinity (36.5‰) and decreased in the late stage of embryonic development. We estimate eggs at oceanic salinities (>35.5‰) in nature to ascend at 0.19–0.25 cm s −1 .

Conservation of Pacific Salmon: Response to Wainwright and Waples - Kenneth P. Currens; Fred W. Allendorf; David Bayles; Daniel L. Bottom; Christopher A. Frissell; David Hankin; James A. Lichatowich; Patrick C. Trotter; Thomas A. Williams (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Synthetic Fibers as Indicators of Municipal Sewage Sludge, Sludge Products, and Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents - Daniel Habib; David C. Locke; Leonard J. Cannone (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1998)

Characterizing sequence variation in the VP1 capsid proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (serotype 0) with respect to virion structure - Daniel Haydon; Susan Lea; Liz Fry; Nick Knowles; Alan R. Samuel; David Stuart; Mark E. J. Woolhouse (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 1998)

Decreased gap-junctional communication associated with segregation of the neuronal phenotype in the RT4 cell-line family - L. M. Donahue; Daniel R. Webster; Ivvanee Martinez; David C. Spray (Cell and Tissue Research, 1998)

Bird Species Assemblages as Indicators of Biological Integrity in Great Basin Rangeland - David F. Bradford; Susan E. Franson; Anne C. Neale; Daniel T. Heggem; Glen R. Miller; Grant E. Canterbury (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998)

Mapping to Chromosomes 1 and 12 of mouse homologs of human protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, related genes encoding pancreatic beta cell autoantigens - Edward H. Leiter; Hideki Tsumura; David V. Serreze; Harold D. Chapman; Daniel U. Rabin; Michael S. Lan; Abner L. Notkins (Mammalian Genome, 1997)

s of papers presented at the 81st annual meeting of The Potato Association of America Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada August 3 – 7, 1997 - S. T. Ali-Khan; C. Hetner; L. Ladislav; V. Currie; Walter J. Arsenault; A. Naseer Aziz; Janet E. A. Seabrook; George C. C. Tai; J. B. Bamberg; Alfonso H. del Rio; Max Martin; J. B. Bamberg; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 1997)

Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the xth international congress of virology - E. Ramirez; A. Hernádez; E. Ham; B. L. Barrón; S. W. Ding; W. X. Li; B. J. Shi; R. H. Symons; Q. Li; K. H. Ryu; P. Palukaitis; I. B. Kaplan; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1997)

Spatial structure and regeneration of Tetramerista glabra in peat swamp rain forest in Indonesian Borneo - Daniel G. Gavin; David R. Peart (Plant Ecology, 1997)

Seasonal effects of variable recruitment of a dominant piscivore on pelagic food web structure - David M. Post; Stephen R. Carpenter; David L. Christensen; Kathryn L. Cottingham; James F. Kitchell; Daniel E. Schindler; James R. Hodgson (Limnology and Oceanography, 1997)
Piscivorous fish play an important role in regulating lake food web structure. However, most ultimately piscivorous fish pass through a period of planktivory before becoming piscivorous. In 1993 and 1994, two large cohorts of young‐of‐the‐year largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) were recorded in Paul Lake, Michigan. The 1993 and 1994 cohorts were the largest recorded in data extending back to 1984 and occurred during a period in which adult and juvenile bass biomass was low. In 1993, consumption of large‐bodied zooplankton by the young‐of‐the‐year cohort eliminated large‐bodied cladocerans by the middle of August. As large cladocerans declined, small cladocerans, especially Bosmina longirostris , increased. By early September the biomass of B. longirostris was similar to that of the entire cladoceran community in previous years. Coincident with the shifts in the cladoceran community were increases in epilimnetic Chl a concentrations µ m. However, total epilimnetic Chl a did not increase. In contrast, the 1994 cohort had no discernible effect on pelagic food web structure because production of large‐bodied zooplankton rapidly exceeded predation. Our results show the potential for large cohorts of piscivorous fish to affect food web structure, at a seasonal scale, through intense planktivory.

Mapping of the melatonin receptor la (MTNR1A) gene in pigs, sheep, and cattle - Lori A. Messer; Lizhen Wang; Christopher K. Tuggle; Martine Yerle; Patrick Chardon; Daniel Pomp; James E. Womack; William Barendse; Allan M. Crawford; David R. Notter; Max F. Rothschild (Mammalian Genome, 1997)

Ten Guidelines for Ecosystem Researchers: Lessons from Missouri - David R. Larsen; Stephen R. Shifley; Frank R. Thompson III; Brian L. Brookshire; Daniel C. Dey; Eric W. Kurzejeski; Kristine England (Journal of Forestry, 1997)

Pyranose 2-dehydrogenase, a novel sugar oxidoreductase from the basidiomycete fungus Agaricus bisporus - Jindřich Volc; Elena Kubátová; David A. Wood; Geoffrey Daniel (Archives of Microbiology, 1997)

Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the fifth international Mango Symposium Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the Xth international congress of Virology - J. E. Peña; M. Wysoki; Gajendra Singh; Nancy Boscán de M.; Freddy J. Godoy; A. Obligado; C. J. Rossetto; I. J. A. Ribeiro; P. B. Gallo; N. B. Soares; J. C. Sabino; A. L. M. Martins; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1997)

ATPase and ubiquitin-binding proteins of the yeast proteasome - David M. Rubin; Steve van Nocker; Michael Glickman; Olivier Coux; Inge Wefes; Seth Sadis; Hongyong Fu; Alfred Goldberg; Richard Vierstra; Daniel Finley* (Molecular Biology Reports, 1997)

Prioritizing Pacific Salmon Stocks for Conservation - Fred W. Allendorf; David Bayles; Daniel L. Bottom; Kenneth P. Currens; Christopher A. Frissell; David Hankin; James A. Lichatowich; Willa Nehlsen; Patrick C. Trotter; Thomas H. Williams (Conservation Biology, 1997)
Over 300 native stocks of Pacific salmon, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) are at risk of extinction in the Pacific Northwest. With only limited resources available for conservation and recovery, prioritization of these stocks may become necessary if meaningful measures are to be implemented. We propose criteria by which prioritization may be guided. First, we rank stocks for risk of extinction, either by population viability analysis or by a set of surrogate measures. Then we rank stocks for biological consequences of extinction, using sets of questions designed to establish the genetic and evolutionary consequences and the ecological consequences if a stock were to become extinct. Together, these rankings allow stocks to be prioritized for a range of possible actions, with those stocks at highest risk and bearing the greatest biological consequences of extinction receiving attention first. Application of the prioritization process to 20 Pacific anadromous salmonid stocks worked as intended, although data limitations are considerable. The process is most likely to work successfully when applied to many stocks on which data exist, when several experts carry out the prioritization, and when the results are peer reviewed.

Transcranial Doppler sonography: A new noninvasive method for measuring toxicant-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow - Daniel J. Schneck; Michael E. Drues; David Hopper; David Carlson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1993)

Essential trace elements in humans - Daniel R. Mayer; Walter Kosmus; Helmut Pogglitsch; David mayer; Wolfgang Beyer (Biological Trace Element Research, 1993)

Detection of motor unit action potentials with surface electrodes: influence of electrode size and spacing - Andrew J. Fuglevand; David A. Winter; Aftab E. Patla; Daniel Stashuk (Biological Cybernetics, 1992)

Mechanisms of fatigue failure in porous coated Ti-6Al-4V implant alloy - Daniel J. Schneck; David H. Kohn; Paul Ducheyne (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1990)

Induction of immunotoxicity by polycyclic hydrocarbons: Role of the Ah locus - Ronald A. Lubct; Michael J. Brunda; Donatella Taramelli; David Dansie; Daniel W. Nebert; Richard E. Kouri (Archives of Toxicology, 1984)

Impact of hexazinone on invertebrates after application to forested watersheds - David T. Mayack; Parshall B. Bush; Daniel G. Neary; James E. Douglass (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1982)