Warming up to climate change: a participatory approach to engaging with agricultural stakeholders in the Southeast US - Wendy-Lin Bartels; Carrie A. Furman; David C. Diehl; Fred S. Royce; Daniel R. Dourte; Brenda V. Ortiz; David F. Zierden; Tracy A. Irani; Clyde W. Fraisse; James W. Jones (Regional Environmental Change, 2013)

Assessing the value of climate information and forecasts for the agricultural sector in the Southeastern United States: multi-output stochastic frontier approach - Daniel Solís; David Letson (Regional Environmental Change, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Life‐history traits and landscape characteristics predict macro‐moth responses to forest fragmentation - Eleanor M. Slade; Thomas Merckx; Terhi Riutta; Daniel P. Bebber; David Redhead; Philip Riordan; David W. Macdonald (Ecology, 2013)
How best to manage forest patches, mitigate the consequences of forest fragmentation, and enable landscape permeability are key questions facing conservation scientists and managers. Many temperate forests have become increasingly fragmented, resulting in reduced interior forest habitat, increased edge habitats, and reduced connectivity. Using a citizen science landscape‐scale mark–release–recapture study on 87 macro‐moth species, we investigated how both life‐history traits and landscape characteristics predicted macro‐moth responses to forest fragmentation. Wingspan, wing shape, adult feeding, and larval feeding guild predicted macro‐moth mobility, although the predictive power of wingspan and wing shape depended on the species' affinity to the forest. Solitary trees and small fragments functioned as “stepping stones,” especially when their landscape connectivity was increased, by being positioned within hedgerows or within a favorable matrix. Mobile forest specialists were most affected by forest fragmentation: despite their high intrinsic dispersal capability, these species were confined mostly to the largest of the forest patches due to their strong affinity for the forest habitat, and were also heavily dependent on forest connectivity in order to cross the agricultural matrix. Forest fragments need to be larger than five hectares and to have interior forest more than 100 m from the edge in order to sustain populations of forest specialists. Our study provides new insights into the movement patterns of a functionally important insect group, with implications for the landscape‐scale management of forest patches within agricultural landscapes.

SAHIT Investigators—on the Outcome of Some Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Clinical Trials - R. Loch Macdonald; Blessing Jaja; Michael D. Cusimano; Nima Etminan; Daniel Hanggi; David Hasan; Don Ilodigwe; Hector Lantigua; Peter Le Roux; Benjamin Lo; Ada Louffat-Olivares; Stephan Mayer; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2013)

The in vitro pharmacological profile of TD-1211, a neutral opioid receptor antagonist - Pamela R. Tsuruda; Ross G. Vickery; Daniel D. Long; Scott R. Armstrong; David T. Beattie (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2013)

The in vivo pharmacodynamics of the novel opioid receptor antagonist, TD-1211, in models of opioid-induced gastrointestinal and CNS activity - Scott R. Armstrong; Christina B. Campbell; Carrie L. Richardson; Ross G. Vickery; Pamela R. Tsuruda; Daniel D. Long; Sharath S. Hegde; David T. Beattie (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2013)

Two New Species of Mouse Lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar - Rodin M. Rasoloarison; David W. Weisrock; Anne D. Yoder; Daniel Rakotondravony; Peter M. Kappeler (International Journal of Primatology, 2013)

Microsatellite markers for Australian temperate diadromous fishes Pseudaphritis urvillii (Bovichtidae) and Lovettia sealii (Galaxiidae) - Daniel J. Schmidt; Kathryn M. Real; David A. Crook; Jane M. Hughes (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Inheritance of resistance to coffee wilt disease (Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert) in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and breeding perspectives - Pascal C. Musoli; Christian Cilas; David Pot; Agnes Nabaggala; Saleh Nakendo; James Pande; André Charrier; Thierry Leroy; Daniel Bieysse (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2013)

Characterization of new loci for Hessian fly resistance in common wheat - Yuanfeng Hao; Sue E. Cambron; Zhenbang Chen; Yingying Wang; Daniel E. Bland; G. David Buntin; Jerry W. Johnson (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Identification and characterization of a novel scFv recognizing human and mouse CD133 - Suresh Kumar Swaminathan; Lin Niu; Nate Waldron; Steve Kalscheuer; David M. Zellmer; Michael R. Olin; John R. Ohlfest; Daniel A. Vallera; Jayanth Panyam (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2013)

Immunotoxin targeting CD133+ breast carcinoma cells - John R. Ohlfest; David M. Zellmer; Jayanth Panyam; Suresh Kumar Swaminathan; Seunguk Oh; Nate N. Waldron; Shoko Toma; Daniel A. Vallera (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2013)

Ethanol Attracts Scolytid Beetles to Phytophthora ramorum Cankers on Coast Live Oak - Rick G. Kelsey; Maia M. Beh; David C. Shaw; Daniel K. Manter (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2013)

Regional climate variability driven by foehn winds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - Johanna C. Speirs; Hamish A. McGowan; Daniel F. Steinhoff; David H. Bromwich (International Journal of Climatology, 2013)
Warm, dry and gusty foehn winds are frequently experienced in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), Antarctica; however, their significance in the region's climate is unknown. Foehn events in the MDVs are caused by topographic modification of southwesterly airflow which is related to the occurrence of synoptic‐scale cyclones in the Amundsen/Ross Sea region. The intra‐ and interannual frequency and intensity of foehn events therefore varies in response to the position and frequency of cyclones in this region that are believed to be strongly influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Here, we present a 20‐year climatology of foehn winds from observational records in the MDVs. The SAM is found to significantly influence foehn wind frequency during the Antarctic summer and autumn months, whereas ENSO only holds significant correlations with winter air temperatures in the MDVs. The positive relationship between the SAM and the foehn wind regime in summer is particularly significant as foehn winds frequently cause summer temperatures to rise above 0 °C leading to extensive melt and thaw in MDVs. Foehn winds are a major climatological feature of the MDVs with their frequency and duration affecting the region's temperature records and their trends. Accordingly, analysis of the region's weather and climate records and predictions of future impacts of climate change on the MDVs is incomplete without consideration of foehn winds and their influence. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society

Measuring the initial economic effects of hurricanes on commercial fish production: the US Gulf of Mexico grouper (Serranidae) fishery - Daniel Solís; Larry Perruso; Julio del Corral; Brent Stoffle; David Letson (Natural Hazards, 2013)

Elevated soil nitrogen increases the severity of dieback due to Phytophthora cinnamomi - Kelly Scarlett; David Guest; Rosalie Daniel (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2013)

Stimulation of the Retinoid X Receptor Facilitates Beta-Amyloid Clearance Across the Blood–Brain Barrier - Corbin Bachmeier; David Beaulieu-Abdelahad; Fiona Crawford; Michael Mullan; Daniel Paris (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2013)

Mobile receivers: releasing the mooring to ‘see’ where fish go - Sean A. Hayes; Nicole M. Teutschel; Cyril J. Michel; Cory Champagne; Patrick W. Robinson; Melinda Fowler; Tina Yack; David K. Mellinger; Samantha Simmons; Daniel P. Costa; R. Bruce MacFarlane (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Probabilistic estimates of future changes in California temperature and precipitation using statistical and dynamical downscaling - David W. Pierce; Tapash Das; Daniel R. Cayan; Edwin P. Maurer; Norman L. Miller; Yan Bao; M. Kanamitsu; Kei Yoshimura; Mark A. Snyder; Lisa C. Sloan; Guido Franco; Mary Tyree (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

From Asian curiosity to eruptive American pest: Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) and prospects for its biological control - John R. Ruberson; Keiji Takasu; G. David Buntin; Joe E. Eger; Wayne A. Gardner; Jeremy K. Greene; Tracie M. Jenkins; Walker A. Jones; Dawn M. Olson; Phillip M. Roberts; Daniel R. Suiter; Michael D. Toews (Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2013)

Determination of Critical Parameters in Platelet Margination - Daniel A. Reasor; Marmar Mehrabadi; David N. Ku; Cyrus K. Aidun (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013)

Progressive genome‐wide introgression in agricultural Campylobacter coli - Samuel K. Sheppard; Xavier Didelot; Keith A. Jolley; Aaron E. Darling; Ben Pascoe; Guillaume Meric; David J. Kelly; Alison Cody; Frances M. Colles; Norval J. C. Strachan; Iain D. Ogden; Ken Forbes; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Hybridization between distantly related organisms can facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments, but is potentially constrained by epistatic fitness interactions among cell components. The zoonotic pathogens C ampylobacter coli and C . jejuni differ from each other by around 15% at the nucleotide level, corresponding to an average of nearly 40 amino acids per protein‐coding gene. Using whole genome sequencing, we show that a single C. coli lineage, which has successfully colonized an agricultural niche, has been progressively accumulating C. jejuni DNA . Members of this lineage belong to two groups, the ST ‐828 and ST ‐1150 clonal complexes. The ST ‐1150 complex is less frequently isolated and has undergone a substantially greater amount of introgression leading to replacement of up to 23% of the C. coli core genome as well as import of novel DNA . By contrast, the more commonly isolated ST ‐828 complex bacteria have 10–11% introgressed DNA , and C. jejuni and nonagricultural C. coli lineages each have C. coli that colonize agriculture, and consequently cause most human disease, have hybrid origin, but this cross‐species exchange has so far not had a substantial impact on the gene pools of either C. jejuni or nonagricultural C. coli . These findings also indicate remarkable interchangeability of basic cellular machinery after a prolonged period of independent evolution.

The fossil history of G révy's zebra ( E quus grevyi ) in equatorial East A frica - J. Tyler Faith; Christian A. Tryon; Daniel J. Peppe; David L. Fox (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Within the last several decades, G révy's zebra ( E quus grevyi ) has undergone a massive reduction in geographical range and population size, largely as the result of human impacts. To place its recent decline in a deeper prehistoric context, and to understand the factors mediating its range and abundance over geological time frames, this study examines the fossil history of G révy's zebra in equatorial E ast A frica. Location Equatorial E ast A frica. Methods Presence/absence data for ungulates recovered from fossil sites spanning the last c . 400,000 years in K enya and E thiopia were compiled from the literature and from previously unreported palaeontological sites. Associations between G révy's zebra and other taxa were examined using principal coordinates analysis and non‐random species pairs were identified using a Bayesian approach. Changes in rainfall were reconstructed using the average hypsodonty index of ungulate species from fossil assemblages. Results G révy's zebra was common during dry phases of the P leistocene and was found to the south and west of its historical range, coinciding with an expansion of arid grasslands. At the onset of the H olocene, G révy's zebra was extirpated from southern K enya and almost completely disappeared from the fossil record. G révy's zebra was associated with several specialized grazers that became extinct by the end of the Pleistocene. These extinctions and the decline of G révy's zebra from the P leistocene to the H olocene are explained by increased precipitation and the consequent loss of arid grasslands at the P leistocene– H olocene transition. G révy's zebra is never associated with domestic livestock, unlike the widespread plains zebra. Main conclusions Grévy's zebra thrived in equatorial E ast A frica during periods of the P leistocene when environmental conditions favoured an expansion of arid grasslands. Environmental change across the P leistocene– H olocene transition contributed to decreases in the range size and abundance of G révy's zebra, setting the stage for the anthropogenic decline observed in recent decades. The spread of pastoralists in the middle H olocene may have additionally contributed to its prehistoric decline. Contemporary climate change warrants further consideration in planning for the long‐term survival of G révy's zebra.

Synchrony in dynamics of giant kelp forests is driven by both local recruitment and regional environmental controls - Kyle C. Cavanaugh; Bruce E. Kendall; David A. Siegel; Daniel C. Reed; Filipe Alberto; Jorge Assis (Ecology, 2013)
Populations of many species display spatially synchronous fluctuations in abundance. Synchrony is most commonly attributed to three processes: factors that influence recruitment (e.g., dispersal, early survival), large‐scale environmental variability, and spatially autocorrelated trophic interactions. However it is often difficult to link population synchrony to a specific dominant process, particularly when multiple synchronizing forces are operating. We utilized a new satellite‐based data set of giant kelp ( Macrocystis pyrifera ) canopy biomass to examine population synchrony in southern California kelp forests on spatial scales ranging from 50 m to 300 km and temporal scales ranging from 1 to 11 years. We examined the relationship between synchrony and distance for adult kelp populations, kelp recruits, sea urchin abundance (a major grazer of kelp), and environmental variables known to influence kelp population dynamics. Population synchrony in giant kelp decreased with distance between populations: an initial rapid exponential decrease between 50 m and 1.3 km was followed by a second, large‐scale decrease between distances of 1.3 km and 172 km. The 50‐m to 1.3‐km spatial scale corresponded to the scales of synchrony in the abundance of sea urchins and young kelp recruits, suggesting that local drivers of predation and recruitment influence small‐scale synchrony in kelp populations. The spatial correlation patterns of environmental variables, particularly wave height, were similar to the synchrony–distance relationship of kelp populations from 1.3 km to 172 km, suggesting that regional environmental variability, i.e., the Moran effect, was the dominant process affecting synchrony at larger spatial scales. This two‐step pattern in the relationship between kelp biomass synchrony and distance was apparent in each of the 11 years of our study. Our results highlight the potential for synthesizing approaches from both landscape and population ecology in order to identify the multiple processes that generate synchrony in population dynamics.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily in plants: gene nomenclature and comparative genomics - Chad Brocker; Melpomene Vasiliou; Sarah Carpenter; Christopher Carpenter; Yucheng Zhang; Xiping Wang; Simeon O. Kotchoni; Andrew J. Wood; Hans-Hubert Kirch; David Kopečný; Daniel W. Nebert; Vasilis Vasiliou (Planta, 2013)

Decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with Chuvash polycythemia: a role for HIF in glucose metabolism - Donald A. McClain; Khadega A. Abuelgasim; Mehdi Nouraie; Juan Salomon-Andonie; Xiaomei Niu; Galina Miasnikova; Lydia A. Polyakova; Adelina Sergueeva; Daniel J. Okhotin; Rabia Cherqaoui; David Okhotin; James E. Cox; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2013)

A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry - Fang Chen; Gary K. Chen; Daniel O. Stram; Robert C. Millikan; Christine B. Ambrosone; Esther M. John; Leslie Bernstein; Wei Zheng; Julie R. Palmer; Jennifer J. Hu; Tim R. Rebbeck; Regina G. Ziegler; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

The influence of oxytocin administration on responses to infant faces and potential moderation by OXTR genotype - Abigail A. Marsh; Henry H. Yu; Daniel S. Pine; Elena K. Gorodetsky; David Goldman; R. J. R. Blair (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

CD4+ Regulatory and Effector/Memory T Cell Subsets Profile Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease - Jessica A. Hutter Saunders; Katherine A. Estes; Lisa M. Kosloski; Heather E. Allen; Kathryn M. Dempsey; Diego R. Torres-Russotto; Jane L. Meza; Pamela M. Santamaria; John M. Bertoni; Daniel L. Murman; Hesham H. Ali; David G. Standaert; et al. (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2012)
Animal models and clinical studies have linked the innate and adaptive immune system to the pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite such progress, the specific immune responses that influence disease progression have eluded investigators. Herein, we assessed relationships between T cell phenotype and function with PD progression. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two separate cohorts, a discovery cohort and a validation cohort, totaling 113 PD patients and 96 age- and environment-matched caregivers were examined by flow cytometric analysis and T cell proliferation assays. Increased effector/memory T cells (Tem), defined as CD45RO+ and FAS+ CD4+ T cells and decreased CD31+ and α4β7+ CD4+ T cells were associated with progressive Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III scores. However, no associations were seen between immune biomarkers and increased age or disease duration. Impaired abilities of regulatory T cells (Treg) from PD patients to suppress effector T cell function was observed. These data support the concept that chronic immune stimulation, notably Tem activation and Treg dysfunction is linked to PD pathobiology and disease severity, but not disease duration. The association of T cell phenotypes with motor symptoms provides fresh avenues for novel biomarkers and therapeutic designs.

TEASIng apart alien species risk assessments: a framework for best practices - Brian Leung; Nuria Roura‐Pascual; Sven Bacher; Jaakko Heikkilä; Lluis Brotons; Mark A. Burgman; Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz; Franz Essl; Philip E. Hulme; David M. Richardson; Daniel Sol; Montserrat Vilà (Ecology Letters, 2012)
Some alien species cause substantial impacts, yet most are innocuous. Given limited resources, forecasting risks from alien species will help prioritise management. Given that risk assessment ( RA ) approaches vary widely, a synthesis is timely to highlight best practices. We reviewed quantitative and scoring RA s, integrating > 300 publications into arguably the most rigorous quantitative RA framework currently existing, and mapping each study onto our framework, which combines Transport, Establishment, Abundance, Spread and Impact ( TEASI ). Quantitative models generally measured single risk components (78% of studies), often focusing on Establishment alone (79%). Although dominant in academia, quantitative RA s are underused in policy, and should be made more accessible. Accommodating heterogeneous limited data, combining across risk components, and developing generalised RA s across species, space and time without requiring new models for each species may increase attractiveness for policy applications. Comparatively, scoring approaches covered more risk components (50% examined > 3 components), with Impact being the most common component (87%), and have been widely applied in policy (> 57%), but primarily employed expert opinion. Our framework provides guidance for questions asked, combining scores and other improvements. Our risk framework need not be completely parameterised to be informative, but instead identifies opportunities for improvement in alien species RA .

The short‐term response of yeast to potassium starvation - Lina Barreto; David Canadell; Daniel Valverde‐Saubí; Antonio Casamayor; Joaquín Ariño (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Potassium is the major intracellular cation in most living cells, including yeasts. Although K + has been demonstrated to be necessary for diverse cellular functions, such as enzyme activation, additional, still uncharacterized cellular targets may exist. We show here that in S accharomyces cerevisiae short‐term potassium deprivation impacts in the mRNA level of over one thousand genes. Lack of potassium drastically alters sulfur metabolism (mainly Met and Cys metabolism), triggers an oxidative stress response and activates the retrograde pathway, possibly due to the ammonium accumulation that occurs through the Trk1 potassium transporter. We also observe a remarkable halt in the expression of genes required for ribosome biogenesis and translation, a decrease in expression of diverse components (cyclins, protein kinases) required for progression through the cell cycle and a blockage in septins assembly. Only specific subsets of these changes were observed in a strain deleted for the TRK1 and TRK2 genes growing in the presence of sufficient potassium (50 mM ). Therefore, a shortage of potassium in the environment triggers an acute transcriptional response, which covers different aspects of the cell biology so far unexplored, and whose investigation will likely reveal novel functional roles for this cation.

The Functional Role of Chromogranins in Exocytosis - Natalia Domínguez; Judith Estévez-Herrera; Marta R. Pardo; Daniel Pereda; José David Machado; Ricardo Borges (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2012)

Workshop on the ecosystem and fisheries of the Coral Sea: an Australian perspective on research and management - Jock W. Young; A. David McKinnon; Daniela Ceccarelli; Richard Brinkman; Rodrigo H. Bustamante; Mike Cappo; Cathy Dichmont; Peter Doherty; Miles Furnas; Daniel Gledhill; Shane Griffiths; Trevor Hutton; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2012)

Genetics of gene expression responses to temperature stress in a sea urchin gene network - DANIEL E. RUNCIE; DAVID A. GARFIELD; COURTNEY C. BABBITT; JENNIFER A. WYGODA; SAYAN MUKHERJEE; GREGORY A. WRAY (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Stress responses play an important role in shaping species distributions and robustness to climate change. We investigated how stress responses alter the contribution of additive genetic variation to gene expression during development of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , under increased temperatures that model realistic climate change scenarios. We first measured gene expression responses in the embryos by RNA‐seq to characterize molecular signatures of mild, chronic temperature stress in an unbiased manner. We found that an increase from 12 to 18 °C caused widespread alterations in gene expression including in genes involved in protein folding, RNA processing and development. To understand the quantitative genetic architecture of this response, we then focused on a well‐characterized gene network involved in endomesoderm and ectoderm specification. Using a breeding design with wild‐caught individuals, we measured genetic and gene–environment interaction effects on 72 genes within this network. We found genetic or maternal effects in 33 of these genes and that the genetic effects were correlated in the network. Fourteen network genes also responded to higher temperatures, but we found no significant genotype–environment interactions in any of the genes. This absence may be owing to an effective buffering of the temperature perturbations within the network. In support of this hypothesis, perturbations to regulatory genes did not affect the expression of the genes that they regulate. Together, these results provide novel insights into the relationship between environmental change and developmental evolution and suggest that climate change may not expose large amounts of cryptic genetic variation to selection in this species.

Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency - Toby R. Marthews; Yadvinder Malhi; Cécile A. J. Girardin; Javier E. Silva Espejo; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Daniel B. Metcalfe; Joshua M. Rapp; Lina M. Mercado; Rosie A. Fisher; David R. Galbraith; Joshua B. Fisher; Norma Salinas‐Revilla; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the magnitude and sign of carbon components in tropical forest ecosystems is important for reliable estimation of this important regional component of the global carbon cycle. We used the JULES vegetation model to simulate all components of the carbon balance at six sites along an Andes‐Amazon transect across Peru and Brazil and compared the results to published field measurements. In the upper montane zone the model predicted a lack of forest vegetation, indicating a need for better parameterization of the responses of cloud forest vegetation within the model. In the lower montane and lowland zones simulated ecosystem productivity and respiration were predicted with reasonable accuracy, although not always within the error bounds of the observations. Model‐predicted carbon use efficiency in this transect surprisingly did not increase with elevation, but remained close to the ‘temperate’ value 0.5. Upper montane forests were predicted to allocate ~50% of carbon fixation to biomass maintenance and growth, despite available measurements showing that they only allocate ~33%. This may be explained by elevational changes in the balance between growth and maintenance respiration within the forest canopy, as controlled by both temperature‐ and pressure‐mediated processes, which is not yet well represented in current vegetation models.

Rosaceae conserved orthologous set (RosCOS) markers as a tool to assess genome synteny between Malus and Fragaria - Jill M. Bushakra; Daniel J. Sargent; Antonio Cabrera; Ross Crowhurst; Elena Lopez Girona; Riccardo Velasco; V. Vaughan Symonds; Esther van der Knaap; Michela Troggio; Susan E. Gardiner; David Chagné (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2012)

Health Status and Needs of Latino Dairy Farmworkers in Vermont - Daniel Baker; David Chappelle (Journal of Agromedicine, 2012)

Jelly-falls historic and recent observations: a review to drive future research directions - Mario Lebrato; Kylie A. Pitt; Andrew K. Sweetman; Daniel O. B. Jones; Joan E. Cartes; Andreas Oschlies; Robert H. Condon; Juan Carlos Molinero; Laetitia Adler; Christian Gaillard; Domingo Lloris; David S. M. Billett (Hydrobiologia, 2012)

Role of wing pronation in evasive steering of locusts - Gal Ribak; David Rand; Daniel Weihs; Amir Ayali (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2012)

Erratum to: Mapping of earthworm distribution for the British Isles and Eire highlights the under-recording of an ecologically important group - Daniel Carpenter; Emma Sherlock; David T. Jones; Jim Chiminoides; Thomas Writer; Roy Neilson; Brian Boag; Aidan M. Keith; Paul Eggleton (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Biodiversity in Hudson River shore zones: influence of shoreline type and physical structure - David L. Strayer; Stuart E. G. Findlay; Daniel Miller; Heather M. Malcom; David T. Fischer; Thomas Coote (Aquatic Sciences, 2012)

Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision - Pete Smith; Christian A. Davies; Stephen Ogle; Giuliana Zanchi; Jessica Bellarby; Neil Bird; Robert M. Boddey; Niall P. McNamara; David Powlson; Annette Cowie; Meine van Noordwijk; Sarah C. Davis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
I ntergovernmental P anel on C limate C hange ( IPCC ) T ier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project‐scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for L ife C ycle A ssessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended for use at large spatial scales. This can introduce error in predictions at finer spatial scales. There is an urgent need for development and implementation of higher tier methodologies that can be applied at fine spatial scales (e.g. farm/project/plantation) for food and bioenergy crop greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting to facilitate decision making in the land‐based sectors. Higher tier methods have been defined by IPCC and must be well evaluated and operate across a range of domains (e.g. climate region, soil type, crop type, topography), and must account for land use transitions and management changes being implemented. Furthermore, the data required to calibrate and drive the models used at higher tiers need to be available and applicable at fine spatial resolution, covering the meteorological, soil, cropping system and management domains, with quantified uncertainties. Testing the reliability of the models will require data either from sites with repeated measurements or from chronosequences. We review current global capability for estimating changes in soil carbon at fine spatial scales and present a vision for a framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon, which could be used for addressing issues such as bioenergy and biofuel sustainability, food security, forest protection, and direct/indirect impacts of land use change. The aim of this framework is to provide a globally accepted standard of carbon measurement and modelling appropriate for GHG accounting that could be applied at project to national scales (allowing outputs to be scaled up to a country level), to address the impacts of land use and land management change on soil carbon.

Spatial and temporal variability of xylan distribution in differentiating secondary xylem of hybrid aspen - Jong Sik Kim; David Sandquist; Björn Sundberg; Geoffrey Daniel (Planta, 2012)

Genome-wide association mapping of loci for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms in mice - James J. Crowley; Yunjung Kim; Jin Peng Szatkiewicz; Amanda L. Pratt; Corey R. Quackenbush; Daniel E. Adkins; Edwin van den Oord; Molly A. Bogue; Hyuna Yang; Wei Wang; David W. Threadgill; Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2012)

Characterization of isolates that cause black rot of crucifers in East Africa - Joseph M. K. Mulema; Joana G. Vicente; David A. C. Pink; Alison Jackson; Duncan O. Chacha; Lusike Wasilwa; Zakary M. Kinyua; Daniel K. Karanja; Eric B. Holub; Paul Hand (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012)

Identifying climatic analogs for Wisconsin under 21st-century climate-change scenarios - Samuel Veloz; John W. Williams; David Lorenz; Michael Notaro; Steve Vavrus; Daniel J. Vimont (Climatic Change, 2012)

Assessing the quality and usefulness of different taxonomic groups inventories in a semiarid Mediterranean region - Daniel Bruno; David Sánchez-Fernández; Andrés Millán; Rosa M. Ros; Pedro Sánchez-Gómez; Josefa Velasco (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

A novel approach to quantify and locate potential microrefugia using topoclimate, climate stability, and isolation from the matrix - Michael B. Ashcroft; John R. Gollan; David I. Warton; Daniel Ramp (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Ecologists are increasingly recognizing the conservation significance of microrefugia, but it is inherently difficult to locate these small patches with unusual climates, and hence they are also referred to as cryptic refugia. Here we introduce a new methodology to quantify and locate potential microrefugia using fine‐scale topoclimatic grids that capture extreme conditions, stable climates, and distinct differences from the surrounding matrix. We collected hourly temperature data from 150 sites in a large (200 km by 300 km) and diverse region of New South Wales, Australia, for a total of 671 days over 2 years. Sites spanned a range of habitats including coastal dune shrublands, eucalypt forests, exposed woodland ridges, sheltered rainforest gullies, upland swamps, and lowland pastures. Climate grids were interpolated using a regional regression approach based on elevation, distance to coast, canopy cover, latitude, cold‐air drainage, and topographical exposure to winds and radiation. We identified extreme temperatures on two separate climatic gradients: the 5th percentile of minimum temperatures and the 95th percentile of maximum temperatures. For each gradient, climatic stability was assessed on three different time scales (intra‐seasonal, intra‐annual and inter‐annual). Differences from the matrix were assessed using a moving window with a 5 km radius. We averaged the Z‐scores for these extreme, stable and isolated climates to identify potential locations of microrefugia. We found that our method successfully predicted the location of communities that were considered to occupy refugia, such as rainforests that have progressively contracted in distribution over the last 2.5 million years, and alpine grasslands that have contracted over the last 15 thousand years. However, the method was inherently sensitive to the gradient selected and other aspects of the modelling process. These uncertainties could be dealt with in a conservation planning context by repeating the methodology with various parameterizations and identifying areas that were consistently identified as microrefugia.

The impact of extra-pair mating behavior on hybridization and genetic introgression - Patricia J. Hartman; Daniel P. Wetzel; Philip H. Crowley; David F. Westneat (Theoretical Ecology, 2012)

Comparing volunteer and professionally collected monitoring data from the rocky subtidal reefs of Southern California, USA - David J. Gillett; Daniel J. Pondella; Jan Freiwald; Kenneth C. Schiff; Jennifer E. Caselle; Craig Shuman; Stephen B. Weisberg (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012)

Projected temperature changes indicate significant increase in interannual variability of U.S. maize yields - Daniel Urban; Michael J. Roberts; Wolfram Schlenker; David B. Lobell (Climatic Change, 2012)

Variation partitioning involving orthogonal spatial eigenfunction submodels - Pierre Legendre; Daniel Borcard; David W. Roberts (Ecology, 2012)
When partitioning the variation of univariate or multivariate ecological data with respect to several submodels of spatial eigenfunctions (e.g., Moran's eigenvector maps, MEM) acting as explanatory data, a problem occurs: although the submodels are constructed to be orthogonal to one another, the partitioning based on adjusted R 2 statistics produces nonzero values in the intersections between spatial submodels. This phenomenon is described and two solutions are proposed. The first solution is to apportion the intersection fractions proportionally to the variation explained by each submodel. The second solution consists in creating a hierarchy among the spatial submodels, in accordance with hierarchy theory. These solutions lead to new partitioning equations that are described in the Appendix. R functions are provided to carry out partitioning with respect to environmental variables and spatial eigenfunction submodels. This development is important for the correct interpretation of spatial modeling results implying explanatory environmental data as well as submodels of spatial eigenfunctions involving two or more spatial scales.

Genetic variants associated with the white blood cell count in 13,923 subjects in the eMERGE Network - David R. Crosslin; Andrew McDavid; Noah Weston; Sarah C. Nelson; Xiuwen Zheng; Eugene Hart; Mariza de Andrade; Iftikhar J. Kullo; Catherine A. McCarty; Kimberly F. Doheny; Elizabeth Pugh; Abel Kho; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder - Jillian P. Casey; Tiago Magalhaes; Judith M. Conroy; Regina Regan; Naisha Shah; Richard Anney; Denis C. Shields; Brett S. Abrahams; Joana Almeida; Elena Bacchelli; Anthony J. Bailey; Gillian Baird; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

The Mediterranean Sea under siege: spatial overlap between marine biodiversity, cumulative threats and marine reserves - Marta Coll; Chiara Piroddi; Camille Albouy; Frida Ben Rais Lasram; William W. L. Cheung; Villy Christensen; Vasiliki S. Karpouzi; François Guilhaumon; David Mouillot; Michelle Paleczny; Maria Lourdes Palomares; Jeroen Steenbeek; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012)
Aim A large body of knowledge exists on individual anthropogenic threats that have an impact on marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea, although we know little about how these threats accumulate and interact to affect marine species and ecosystems. In this context, we aimed to identify the main areas where the interaction between marine biodiversity and threats is more pronounced and to assess their spatial overlap with current marine protected areas in the Mediterranean. Location Mediterranean Sea. Methods We first identified areas of high biodiversity of marine mammals, marine turtles, seabirds, fishes and commercial or well‐documented invertebrates. We mapped potential areas of high threat where multiple threats are occurring simultaneously. Finally we quantified the areas of conservation concern for biodiversity by looking at the spatial overlap between high biodiversity and high cumulative threats, and we assessed the overlap with protected areas. Results Our results show that areas with high marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea are mainly located along the central and north shores, with lower values in the south‐eastern regions. Areas of potential high cumulative threats are widespread in both the western and eastern basins, with fewer areas located in the south‐eastern region. The interaction between areas of high biodiversity and threats for invertebrates, fishes and large animals in general (including large fishes, marine mammals, marine turtles and seabirds) is concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain, Gulf of Lions, north‐eastern Ligurian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, south‐eastern Turkey and regions surrounding the Nile Delta and north‐west African coasts. Areas of concern are larger for marine mammal and seabird species. Main conclusions These areas may represent good candidates for further research, management and protection activities, since there is only a maximum 2% overlap between existing marine protected areas (which cover 5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and our predicted areas of conservation concern for biodiversity.

Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory‐based data - Daniel J. Hayes; David P. Turner; Graham Stinson; A. David McGuire; Yaxing Wei; Tristram O. West; Linda S. Heath; Bernardus de Jong; Brian G. McConkey; Richard A. Birdsey; Werner A. Kurz; Andrew R. Jacobson; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange ( NEE ) using inventory‐based information over North America ( NA ) for a recent 7‐year period (ca. 2000–2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE , or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non‐fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO 2 , while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a −327 ± 252 TgC yr −1 sink for NA was driven primarily by CO 2 uptake in the Forest Lands sector (−248 TgC yr −1 ), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (−297 TgC yr −1 ), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 TgC yr −1 ), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated to be a small net source (+18 TgC yr −1 ) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventory‐based estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental‐scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is −511 TgC yr −1 and −931 TgC yr −1 , respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO 2 fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional −239 TgC yr −1 to the inventory‐based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches.

Ligand Binding Assays in the 21st Century Laboratory: Automation - Ago B. Ahene; Chris Morrow; David Rusnak; Susan Spitz; Joel Usansky; Holger Pils; Francesca Civoli; Kinnari Pandya; Brian Sue; Daniel Leach; John Derent (The AAPS Journal, 2012)

Nuclear Factor I and Cerebellar Granule Neuron Development: An Intrinsic–Extrinsic Interplay - Daniel L. Kilpatrick; Wei Wang; Richard Gronostajski; E. David Litwack (The Cerebellum, 2012)

Kansas Energy Sources: A Geological Review - Daniel F. Merriam; Lawrence L. Brady; K. David Newell (Natural Resources Research, 2012)

Life Histories, Salinity Zones, and Sublethal Contributions of Contaminants to Pelagic Fish Declines Illustrated with a Case Study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA - Marjorie L. Brooks; Erica Fleishman; Larry R. Brown; Peggy W. Lehman; Inge Werner; Nathaniel Scholz; Carys Mitchelmore; James R. Lovvorn; Michael L. Johnson; Daniel Schlenk; Suzanne van Drunick; James I. Drever; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2012)

Passive Transdermal Systems Whitepaper Incorporating Current Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) Development Principles - Glenn A. Van Buskirk; Daniel Arsulowicz; Prabir Basu; Lawrence Block; Bing Cai; Gary W. Cleary; Tapash Ghosh; Mario A. González; David Kanios; Margareth Marques; Patrick K. Noonan; Terrance Ocheltree; et al. (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012)

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea - Kenneth Rubin; S. Adam Soule; William Chadwick; Daniel Fornari; David Clague; Robert Embley; Edward Baker; Michael Perfit; David Caress; Robert Dziak (Oceanography, 2012)

ATPace™: injectable adenosine 5′-triphosphate - Amir Pelleg; Steven P. Kutalek; Daniel Flammang; David Benditt (Purinergic Signalling, 2012)

Fire-induced shifts in overstory tree species composition and associated understory plant composition in Glacier National Park, Montana - David A. McKenzie; Daniel B. Tinker (Plant Ecology, 2012)

Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California - Michael D. Dettinger; F. Martin Ralph; Mimi Rose Abel; Tapash Das; Paul Neiman; Dale Cox; Gary Estes; David Reynolds; Robert Hartman; Daniel Cayan; Lucy Jones (Natural Hazards, 2012)

Canine models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their use in therapeutic strategies - Joe N. Kornegay; Janet R. Bogan; Daniel J. Bogan; Martin K. Childers; Juan Li; Peter Nghiem; David A. Detwiler; C. Aaron Larsen; Robert W. Grange; Ratna K. Bhavaraju-Sanka; Sandra Tou; Bruce P. Keene; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2012)

Mapping of earthworm distribution for the British Isles and Eire highlights the under-recording of an ecologically important group - Daniel Carpenter; Emma Sherlock; David T. Jones; Jim Chiminoides; Thomas Writer; Roy Neilson; Brian Boag; Aidan M. Keith; Paul Eggleton (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Plant phylogeny as a surrogate for turnover in beetle assemblages - David A. Nipperess; Andrew J. Beattie; Daniel P. Faith; Scott G. Ginn; Roger L. Kitching; Chris A. M. Reid; Tracey Russell; Lesley Hughes (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Terrestrial biosphere models need better representation of vegetation phenology: results from the N orth A merican C arbon P rogram S ite S ynthesis - Andrew D. Richardson; Ryan S. Anderson; M. Altaf Arain; Alan G. Barr; Gil Bohrer; Guangsheng Chen; Jing M. Chen; Philippe Ciais; Kenneth J. Davis; Ankur R. Desai; Michael C. Dietze; Danilo Dragoni; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Phenology, by controlling the seasonal activity of vegetation on the land surface, plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis and other ecosystem processes, as well as competitive interactions and feedbacks to the climate system. We conducted an analysis to evaluate the representation of phenology, and the associated seasonality of ecosystem‐scale CO 2 exchange, in 14 models participating in the N orth A merican C arbon P rogram S ite S ynthesis. Model predictions were evaluated using long‐term measurements (emphasizing the period 2000–2006) from 10 forested sites within the A meri F lux and F luxnet‐ C anada networks. In deciduous forests, almost all models consistently predicted that the growing season started earlier, and ended later, than was actually observed; biases of 2 weeks or more were typical. For these sites, most models were also unable to explain more than a small fraction of the observed interannual variability in phenological transition dates. Finally, for deciduous forests, misrepresentation of the seasonal cycle resulted in over‐prediction of gross ecosystem photosynthesis by +160 ± 145 g C m −2 yr −1 during the spring transition period and +75 ± 130 g C m −2 yr −1 during the autumn transition period (13% and 8% annual productivity, respectively) compensating for the tendency of most models to under‐predict the magnitude of peak summertime photosynthetic rates. Models did a better job of predicting the seasonality of CO 2 exchange for evergreen forests. These results highlight the need for improved understanding of the environmental controls on vegetation phenology and incorporation of this knowledge into better phenological models. Existing models are unlikely to predict future responses of phenology to climate change accurately and therefore will misrepresent the seasonality and interannual variability of key biosphere–atmosphere feedbacks and interactions in coupled global climate models.

Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient - Michael J. Blum; Mark J. Bagley; David M. Walters; Suzanne A. Jackson; F. Bernard Daniel; Deborah J. Chaloud; Brian S. Cade (Oecologia, 2012)

XCEDE: An Extensible Schema for Biomedical Data - Syam Gadde; Nicole Aucoin; Jeffrey S. Grethe; David B. Keator; Daniel S. Marcus; Steve Pieper (Neuroinformatics, 2012)

Advanced stages of embryonic development and cotylocidial morphogenesis in the intrauterine eggs of Aspidogaster limacoides Diesing, 1835 (Aspidogastrea), with comments on their phylogenetic implications - Zdzisław Świderski; Larisa Poddubnaya; David Gibson; Daniel Młocicki (Acta Parasitologica, 2012)
Ultrastructural aspects of the advanced embryonic development and cotylocidial morphogenesis of the aspidogastrean Aspidogaster limacoides are described. The posterior or distal regions of the uterus are filled with eggs containing larvae at advanced stages of morphogenesis and fully-formed cotylocidia. Various stages and organs of this larva are described in detail, including the aspects of the developing and fully-differentiated cotylocidium, the body wall (tegument and musculature), glandular regions and the protonephridial excretory system. Blastomere multiplication by means of mitotic divisions takes place simultaneously with the degeneration or apoptosis of some micromeres; this frequently observed characteristic is compared and discussed in relation to corresponding reports for other neodermatans. During the advanced stages of the embryonic development of A. limacoides, the vitelline syncytium disappears and the size of the embryo increases rapidly. Evident polarization of the differentiating larva was observed; towards one pole of the egg, cytodifferentiation of the mouth, surrounded by the oral sucker and cephalic glands, takes place, whereas, towards the opposite pole, differentiation of the posterior sucker (incipient ventral disc) occurs. The oral and posterior suckers are formed from numerous embryonic cells which have differentiated into myocytes. The central part of the oral sucker undergoes invagination and forms the future pharynx and intestine. Fully-developed cotylocidia of A. limacoides have a neodermatan type of tegument, flame cells and two types of glandular structures. These results suggest a sister relationship between the Aspidogastrea and the Digenea, although the systematic position of aspidogastreans in relation to other platyhelminth taxa remains somewhat equivocal.

Heterozygosity predicts clutch and egg size but not plasticity in a house sparrow population with no evidence of inbreeding - DANIEL P. WETZEL; IAN R. K. STEWART; DAVID F. WESTNEAT (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
We investigated the link between heterozygosity and the reaction norm attributes of reproductive performance in female house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ). We collected data on clutch size, egg size, hatching success and nestling survival in 2816 nesting attempts made by 791 marked individuals over a 16‐year period. Pedigree analysis revealed no evidence of inbreeding. Neither parent–offspring regression nor an animal model revealed significant heritability in clutch or egg size. We selected 42 females that laid at least seven clutches at our study site and used a survey of 21 autosomal microsatellite loci to estimate heterozygosity for each female. We controlled for phenotypic plasticity and found that both clutch and egg size showed significant positive correlations with heterozygosity. We found no evidence that heterozygosity influenced the slope of individual reaction norms. Further analysis suggested that clutch size was affected by heterozygosity across the genome, but egg size had more complex relationships, with evidence favouring the influence of multiple loci. Given the apparent lack of inbreeding and large population size, our results suggest associative overdominance as the likely mechanism for the impact of heterozygosity, but also created a puzzle about the process producing associations between neutral markers and the genes affecting clutch size or egg size. One possible explanation is a long‐term residual effect of the historical bottleneck that occurred when house sparrows were introduced into North America. The existence of heterozygosity‐fitness correlations in a population with considerable phenotypic plasticity and little inbreeding implies that the effects of heterozygosity may be more significant than previously thought.

Effects of biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling in the U nited S tates and C anada - Jeffrey A. Hicke; Craig D. Allen; Ankur R. Desai; Michael C. Dietze; Ronald J. Hall; Edward H. (Ted) Hogg; Daniel M. Kashian; David Moore; Kenneth F. Raffa; Rona N. Sturrock; James Vogelmann (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Forest insects and pathogens are major disturbance agents that have affected millions of hectares in N orth A merica in recent decades, implying significant impacts to the carbon ( C ) cycle. Here, we review and synthesize published studies of the effects of biotic disturbances on forest C cycling in the U nited S tates and C anada. Primary productivity in stands was reduced, sometimes considerably, immediately following insect or pathogen attack. After repeated growth reductions caused by some insects or pathogens or a single infestation by some bark beetle species, tree mortality occurred, altering productivity and decomposition. In the years following disturbance, primary productivity in some cases increased rapidly as a result of enhanced growth by surviving vegetation, and in other cases increased slowly because of lower forest regrowth. In the decades following tree mortality, decomposition increased as a result of the large amount of dead organic matter. Net ecosystem productivity decreased immediately following attack, with some studies reporting a switch to a C source to the atmosphere, and increased afterward as the forest regrew and dead organic matter decomposed. Large variability in C cycle responses arose from several factors, including type of insect or pathogen, time since disturbance, number of trees affected, and capacity of remaining vegetation to increase growth rates following outbreak. We identified significant knowledge gaps, including limited understanding of carbon cycle impacts among different biotic disturbance types (particularly pathogens), their impacts at landscape and regional scales, and limited capacity to predict disturbance events and their consequences for carbon cycling. We conclude that biotic disturbances can have major impacts on forest C stocks and fluxes and can be large enough to affect regional C cycling. However, additional research is needed to reduce the uncertainties associated with quantifying biotic disturbance effects on the N orth A merican C budget.

Time-Dependent Impacts of Cattail Invasion in a Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Complex - Mark E. Mitchell; Shane C. Lishawa; Pamela Geddes; Daniel J. Larkin; David Treering; Nancy C. Tuchman (Wetlands, 2011)

Hard Impact: Journal Impact Factor and JMT - David H. Jang; Daniel E. Rusyniak (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2011)

Inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 prevents the growth of metastatic breast cancer cells in the brain - Yongzhen Qian; Emily Hua; Kheem Bisht; Stephan Woditschka; Konstantine W. Skordos; David J. Liewehr; Seth M. Steinberg; Edi Brogi; Muzaffar M. Akram; J. Keith Killian; Daniel C. Edelman; Marbin Pineda; et al. (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2011)

Forest Management, Engineering, and Operations / Global Competency and Issues in Contemporary Education - Finto Antony; Lewis Jordan; Laurie Schimleck; Richard Daniels; Rapeepan Kantavichai; Lara Hansen; Jessica Hitt; William Hubbard; Gwendolyn Boyd; Ryan Boyles; Heather Dinon; Joshua Idassi; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
31Maps depicting spatial variation in wood properties are important for forest product industries as they aid decision making regarding raw material procurement, can assist in product categorization and help improve utilization. Loblolly pine is an important commercial species grown throughout the southern Unites States of America (USA). Wood Quality Consortium (WQC)—a joint collaboration between the University of Georgia, USDA Forest Service and industries—was established in 1999 with the objective of characterizing wood property variation of plantation grown loblolly pine. Data on wood specific gravity (SG), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) collected by the WQC was utilized in this study. Maps showing spatial variation in SG at different stand ages and SG, MOE and MOR at different heights within a tree were developed using appropriate spatial prediction methods (kriging). The geographical variation of these wood properties across southeastern USA was demonstrated here.

Human Dimensions - Bob Tjaden; Marissa Jo Daniel; Francisco Aguilar; Hank Stelzer; Timothy Gallaher; John Kushla; James Henderson; Andrew Londo; Melissa Kreye; Damian Adams; Tatiana Borisova; Francisco Escobedo; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
12The University of MD Extension (UME) has been very effective in teaching forest landowners concepts and principles of forest management through seminars, workshops and field days. After evaluating these techniques and recognizing people learn differently, new delivery methods were developed. UME developed a landowner based forestry correspondence course in two formats, first a traditional paper then a web based version. These were developed to support the range of ages, learning styles, high-speed internet availability and computer knowledge. Both versions lead the learner through the components of a forest stewardship plan. Upon course completion, the student has the framework of a forest stewardship plan in a format acceptable for State Forester approval. This has helped the State Forester meet forest stewardship plan goals during a significant decline of personnel who normally assist forest landowners. The courses have also helped forest landowners meet the NRCS requirements of having a plan in order to qualify for certain federal cost share programs. We are constantly adapting the courses based on course evaluations, new issues and programs, and innovative forest management techniques. Evaluations are performed upon the completion of the course to assist in measuring overall course effectiveness, student success, plan objectives and any enhancements necessary to improve the course. There is also a follow-up evaluation performed five years after completion to evaluate plan implementation, behavioral changes, knowledge maintained, acres impacted, financial impacts, and direct contacts of the students. Data from all evaluations will be presented in the poster as well as lesson learned.

The Business of Forest Enterprise / Urban Ecosystems / Forest Policy / Biosecurity - David Nicholls; Allen Brackley; Charles Keegan; Colin Sorenson; Jean Daniels; Erik Berg; Charles Gale; Robert Campbell; Charles Gale; Charles Keegan; Erik Berg; Colin Sorenson; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
172Business clusters are geographic concentrations of companies that provide mutual advantages for their participants. Clusters can include diverse members including competitors, customers, partners, and/or suppliers. In Alaska, wood products business clusters can have unique challenges associated with remote locations, high raw material costs, limited local markets, and potentially long transportation distances. Further, multiple land ownership near communities (for example state versus federal ownership) can influence raw material procurement, since different administrative processes for timber harvesting may be required. This study evaluates 2 resource dependent communities in southeast Alaska (Haines, AK and Craig, AK), seeking to identify elements that could enhance their potential for wood products clusters and new business formation. We consider how the flow of forest resources, from harvest to finished product, can influence local communities and either enhance or limit opportunities for wood products businesses. We evaluate the effect of various product mixes—including firewood, woody residues, house logs, lumber, and secondary wood products—on the composition, scale, and dynamics of wood products firms. We consider the effect of harvesting practices and proximity to timber sales in evaluating how land ownership can influence the viability of wood products clusters. Lastly we consider the impact of transportation costs on serving local and export markets. Our research builds upon past work in Alaska that evaluated national-forest based communities in Alaska, finding opportunities for greater innovation, higher productivity, and greater social well-being associated with wood products clusters.

Pacific Rim Forestry / Silviculture and Forest Ecology - Vishal Singh Negi; Archana Pal; Ratnesh Singh; Dulal Borthakur; Archana Pala; Vishal Singh Negi; Dulal Borthakur; Isabel Rushanaedy; Tyler Jones; Nicklos Dudley; Dulal Borthakur; Jannai Yafuso; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is an important agroforestry tree of tropics and subtropics due to its protein rich foliages, ability to grow on poor soils, and high level of tolerance to various stresses including drought and diseases. We hypothesized that leucaena have a unique set of genes which confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses and these genes are either absent or not expressed in other legumes that are susceptible to these stress conditions. Interspecies suppression subtractive hybridization (iSSH) was performed to identify some unique genes from leucaena using cDNAs from leucaena and Acacia confusa (acacia) as the tester and driver, respectively. We identified 100 leucaena genes showing homology to various plant genes with known functions, of which 23 genes had homology to various stress-related proteins including chitinase, PR-10 protein, wound-stress protein, type-2 metallothionein, thaumatin-like protein, disease resistance response protein, cysteine proteinase, and kunitz trypsin inhibitor. We also identified 50 leucaena genes which either had homology to hypothetical proteins (HyPs) or had no homology at all. Putative functions of 15 HyPs were predicted using conserved domain and PSI-BLAST analyses. Linear motif analyses identified 17 HyPs with MAPK recognition motif, which is involved in signaling pathways, including stress responses. This study identified 23 known and some putative unique stress-related genes from leucaena which may serve as a useful source of stress-tolerance genes for tree and crop improvement in the future.

Forest Management, Engineering, and Operations - Randy Kolka; Matt Powers; John Bradford; Brian Palik; Marty Jurgensen; Dalia Abbas; Tom Gallagher; Stephen Ambagis; Finto Antony; Lewis Jordan; Richard Daniels; Laurie Schimleck; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
9Forests represent a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize carbon storage offer one avenue for mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our understanding of relationships between forest management, productivity, carbon storage, and stand age, however, is limited. We established research plots in a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine stands in northern Minnesota to study patterns of carbon storage, and the major fluxes that influence carbon sequestration. We completed an inventory of all major C pools across a chronosequence of 57 red pine stands ages 9-306 years on the Chippewa National Forest in the fall of 2009. Results indicate total ecosystem C pools increase as red pine stands age for at least 150 years, and on-site C storage in thinned stands appears similar to unmanaged stands of comparable ages, despite different age-related trends in the live tree and forest floor pools. Thinned stands may have the potential to store more C than unmanaged stands in old age when C removed during harvesting is added into the total ecosystem C pool.

Consulting Forestry / Certification and Ecosystem Services - James Coufal; Carl Wiedemann; Jacob Gorman; Larry Teeter; Yaoqi Zhang; Michael Kilgore; Kristell Miller; Stephanie Snyder; Sun Chang; Miriam Davis; Stanley Asah; J. Mark Fly; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
45The industrialization of the United States throughout the 19th century resulted in the exploitation of millions of acres of timberland across the country. Logging during that era was described by critics as “cut out and get out” because the land was usually abandoned after the merchantable timber was exhausted. Concern about future timber supplies and the effect of logging on watersheds spurred the development of professional forestry after the Civil War. The first forestry leaders, including Bernhard Fernow and Gifford Pinchot, encouraged private non-industrial forest owners to sustainably manage their woodlands and specifically warned against destructive logging practices—including “cutting the best and leaving the rest”—aka high-grading. During the 1920s and 30s both the Forest Service and SAF spurred initiatives to encourage sustainable timber harvesting practices on private forestland. Although great progress has been made in forest management, logging on most private non-industrial forest land in the east has not changed significantly since the 19th century. Landowners usually sell timber without using the services of a forester, allowing the buyer to selectively cut the most valuable trees in the woodlot. Although this can reduce future value by 70-90%, it remains common practice because both the landowner and the timber buyer maximize short term income. The timber value and productivity of millions of acres of woodland throughout the United States have been significantly degraded as a result. This paper will trace the history of high-grading as described by forestry leaders from the 19th century through the 21st and will show that much work remains unfinished.

Silviculture and Forest Ecology - David Mercker; Ryan Blair; Don Tyler; Theresa Jain; Russell Graham; Donald Rockwood; Nicholas Koch; Jeremy Brawner; Omar Carrero; Kristofer Covey; Alex Barrett; Mark Ashton; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2011)
2Over the past several decades, federal incentive programs have encouraged the restoration of bottomland forests throughout the West Gulf Coastal Plain (WGCP) and the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Programs such as the Conservation Reserve (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve (WRP) Programs have been marginally successful (Stanturf et al. 2001). Foresters and contractors often follow conventional tree planting procedures that are well established for upland sites, but prove problematic in bottomlands. High water tables, soil drainage and compaction, overland flooding and diverse soil properties make species selection difficult. Slight changes in topography and soil structure often have a dramatic effect on survival and growth of planted oak seedlings (Hodges and Schweitzer 1979). This project documented the survival and growth of six-year old seedlings that were established on a bottomland site in 2004, located at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson, Tennessee. The purpose was to determine how soil drainage as indicated by mottling (specifically, the point of 50 percent gray color throughout the soil profile) affects the survival and growth of bottomland oak species. The findings suggest that practitioners plant Nuttall, pin and overcup oaks in poorly drained soils. As the drainage improves, begin mixing in willow oak. In the best drained soils (if they exist), finish by including water, swamp chestnut, swamp white, Shumard, cherrybark and bur oaks. Potential species diversity should expand as the soil drainage improves.

Designing criteria suites to identify discrete and networked sites of high value across manifestations of biodiversity - Eric Gilman; Daniel Dunn; Andrew Read; K. David Hyrenbach; Robin Warner (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2011)

The land‐use legacy effect: Adding temporal context to lake chemistry - Sherry L. Martin; Daniel B. Hayes; Daniel T. Rutledge; David W. Hyndman (Limnology and Oceanography, 2011)
We investigated land use and land cover (LULC) effects, i.e., effects that perpetuate beyond an expected or perceived temporal endpoint, on the chemistry of 35 lakes in the Huron River Watershed, Michigan. Temporal changes in five time steps of LULC were represented by principal components, which were entered hierarchically into a multiple regression to predict water chemistry. We compared model fit using Akaike weights, and model predictive ability using R 2 , for models representing LULC from a single time up to models that included LULC from all five time steps. The regressions using only the most recent LULC provided the best fit for phosphorus species, but legacy models provided a better fit for all nine other lake water characteristics. Models for all species of nitrogen, calcium, silica, and sulfate showed an intermediate legacy effect and incorporated some historic LULC. Models for conservative ions showed the longest legacy effect, incorporating all five time steps, and had the highest explanatory power of all water chemistry characteristics in our study. Legacy timescales are likely influenced by biological reactivity: highly reactive elements had relatively short legacy timescales and conservative ions had the longest legacy timescales.

An Assessment of Three Harpacticoid Copepod Species for Use in Ecotoxicological Testing - Daniel J. Ward; Victor Perez-Landa; David A. Spadaro; Stuart L. Simpson; Dianne F. Jolley (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2011)

Preclinical Evaluation of Postischemic Dehydroascorbic Acid Administration in a Large-Animal Stroke Model - Andrew F. Ducruet; William J. Mack; J. Mocco; Daniel J. Hoh; Alexander L. Coon; Anthony L. D’Ambrosio; Christopher J. Winfree; David J. Pinsky; E. Sander Connolly (Translational Stroke Research, 2011)

Biventricular Assist Devices: A Technical Review - Shaun D. Gregory; Daniel Timms; Nicholas Gaddum; David G. Mason; John F. Fraser (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems: Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF) - Terry V. Callaghan; Craig E. Tweedie; Jonas Åkerman; Christopher Andrews; Johan Bergstedt; Malcolm G. Butler; Torben R. Christensen; Dorothy Cooley; Ulrika Dahlberg; Ryan K. Danby; Fred J. A. Daniёls; Johannes G. de Molenaar; et al. (Ambio, 2011)

21st century Wisconsin snow projections based on an operational snow model driven by statistically downscaled climate data - Michael Notaro; David J. Lorenz; Daniel Vimont; Stephen Vavrus; Christopher Kucharik; Kristie Franz (International Journal of Climatology, 2011)
Output from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) global climate models are statistically downscaled across Wisconsin, using a method that restores the observed mean, variance, and extremes of daily temperature and precipitation. The downscaled climate data for the late 20th century, mid‐21st century, and late 21st‐century is used to drive the National Weather Service operational snow model, SNOW‐17, to produce high‐resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) projections of daily snowfall, snow depth, and snow cover for Wisconsin. These snow projections will guide wildlife scientists in climate change impact studies and the development of adaptation strategies for the state, in addition to being of value to hydrologists, agricultural scientists, and other experts. SNOW‐17 simulations suggest a dramatic shortening of the Wisconsin snow season, with the greatest snowfall and snow depth reductions in spring, particularly over northern Wisconsin. Snowfall is substantially reduced in response to projected warming and only slightly offset by a projected increase in cold‐season precipitation. Percent reductions in snow depth are likely to be even more impressive than in snowfall, given not only a reduced frequency that falling precipitation will be in frozen form but also an enhanced snowmelt due to rising temperatures. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society

Erratum to: Regional areas and widths of the midsagittal corpus callosum among HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapies - David F. Tate; Mehul Sampat; Jaroslaw Harezlak; Mark Fiecas; Joseph Hogan; Jeffrey Dewey; Daniel McCaffrey; Daniel Branson; Troy Russell; Jared Conley; Michael Taylor; Giovanni Schifitto; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Regional areas and widths of the midsagittal corpus callosum among HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapies - David F. Tate; Mehul Sampat; Jaroslaw Harezlak; Mark Fiecas; Joseph Hogan; Jeffrey Dewey; Daniel McCaffrey; Daniel Branson; Troy Russell; Jared Conley; Michael Taylor; Giavoni Schifitto; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Use of Fatty Acid Analysis to Determine Dispersal of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. - CHRISTINA J. MARANTO; JULIA K. PARRISH; DAVID P. HERMAN; ANDRÉ E. PUNT; JULIAN D. OLDEN; MICHAEL T. BRETT; DANIEL D. ROBY (Conservation Biology, 2011)
Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U.S.A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids ( Oncorhynchus spp. ), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns ( Hydroprogne caspia ) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a lethal control program at a mid‐Columbia River dam to infer dispersal patterns. We modeled the rate of loss of fatty acid biomarkers, which are fatty acids that can be traced to a single prey species or groups of species, to infer whether and when terns foraging at dams had emigrated from the coast. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that coastal terns had high levels of C 20 and C 22 monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas fatty acids of inland breeders were high in C18:3n3, C20:4n6, and C22:5n3. Models of the rate of loss of fatty acid showed that approximately 60% of the terns collected at Rock Island Dam were unlikely to have bred successfully at local (inland) sites, suggesting that terns foraging at dams come from an extensive area. Fatty acid biomarkers may provide accurate information about patterns of dispersal in animal populations and may be extremely valuable in cases where populations differ demonstrably in prey base.

Social and habitat correlates of immigrant recruitment of yearling female Mallards to breeding locations - Daniel W. Coulton; Robert G. Clark; Leonard I. Wassenaar; David W. Howerter; Michael G. Anderson (Journal of Ornithology, 2011)

A rapid PCR-based assay for identification of cryptic Myotis spp. (M. mystacinus, M. brandtii and M. alcathoe) - Emma S. M. Boston; Nicola Hanrahan; Sébastien J. Puechmaille; Manuel Ruedi; Daniel J. Buckley; Mathieu G. Lundy; David D. Scott; Paulo A. Prodöhl; W. I. Montgomery; Emma C. Teeling (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2011)

A Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Study of Human Microdialysate and the Cutaneous Response to Injury - Carolyn Gill; Erika Parkinson; Martin K. Church; Paul Skipp; Daniel Scott; Andrew J. White; C. David O’Connor; Geraldine F. Clough (The AAPS Journal, 2011)

Chondrogenic Priming Adipose-Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration - Nathaniel S. Hwang; Sung Gap Im; Patrick B. Wu; David A. Bichara; Xing Zhao; Mark A. Randolph; Robert Langer; Daniel G. Anderson (Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)

Linkage to chromosome 2q32.2-q33.3 in familial serrated neoplasia (Jass syndrome) - Aedan Roberts; Derek Nancarrow; Mark Clendenning; Daniel D. Buchanan; Mark A. Jenkins; David Duggan; Darin Taverna; Diane McKeone; Rhiannon Walters; Michael D. Walsh; Bruce W. Young; Jeremy R. Jass; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2011)

Isolation by oceanographic distance explains genetic structure for Macrocystis pyrifera in the Santa Barbara Channel - FILIPE ALBERTO; PETER T. RAIMONDI; DANIEL C. REED; JAMES R. WATSON; DAVID A. SIEGEL; SATOSHI MITARAI; NELSON COELHO; ESTER A. SERRÃO (Molecular Ecology, 2011)
Ocean currents are expected to be the predominant environmental factor influencing the dispersal of planktonic larvae or spores; yet, their characterization as predictors of marine connectivity has been hindered by a lack of understanding of how best to use oceanographic data. We used a high‐resolution oceanographic model output and Lagrangian particle simulations to derive oceanographic distances (hereafter called transport times) between sites studied for Macrocystis pyrifera genetic differentiation. We build upon the classical isolation‐by‐distance regression model by asking how much additional variability in genetic differentiation is explained when adding transport time as predictor. We explored the extent to which gene flow is dependent upon seasonal changes in ocean circulation. Because oceanographic transport between two sites is inherently asymmetric, we also compare the explanatory power of models using the minimum or the mean transport times. Finally, we compare the direction of connectivity as estimated by the oceanographic model and genetic assignment tests. We show that the minimum transport time had higher explanatory power than the mean transport time, revealing the importance of considering asymmetry in ocean currents when modelling gene flow. Genetic assignment tests were much less effective in determining asymmetry in gene flow. Summer‐derived transport times, in particular for the month of June, which had the strongest current speed, greatest asymmetry and highest spore production, resulted in the best‐fit model explaining twice the variability in genetic differentiation relative to models that use geographic distance or habitat continuity. The best overall model also included habitat continuity and explained 65% of the variation in genetic differentiation among sites.

Genetics and the origin of species: the continuing synthesis a symposium in honor of Richard G. Harrison - Daniel J. Howard; Richard K. Grosberg; David M. Rand; Benjamin B. Normark (Genetica, 2011)

Important processes during differentiation and early development of somatic embryos of Norway spruce as revealed by changes in global gene expression - Daniel Vestman; Emma Larsson; Daniel Uddenberg; John Cairney; David Clapham; Eva Sundberg; Sara von Arnold (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2011)

Follow-Up Assessment of Health Consequences after a Chlorine Release from a Train Derailment—Graniteville, SC, 2005 - Mary Anne Duncan; Daniel Drociuk; Amy Belflower-Thomas; David Van Sickle; James J. Gibson; Claire Youngblood; W. Randolph Daley (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2011)

Knowledge through participation: the triumphs and challenges of transferring Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) technology to cocoa farmers in Papua New Guinea - Rosalie Daniel; John Kamane Konam; Josephine Yaupin Saul-Maora; Anton Kamuso; Yak Namaliu; John-Thomas Vano; Ricky Wenani; Paul N’nelau; Rafiuddin Palinrungi; David Ian Guest (Food Security, 2011)

Association cortex hypoperfusion in mild dementia with Lewy bodies: a potential indicator of cholinergic dysfunction? - Tamara G. Fong; Sharon K. Inouye; Weiying Dai; Daniel Z. Press; David C. Alsop (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2011)

The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida - Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Robert R. Twilley; Stephen E. Davis; Daniel L. Childers; Marc Simard; Randolph Chambers; Rudolf Jaffe; Joseph N. Boyer; David T. Rudnick; Keqi Zhang; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Sharon M. L. Ewe; et al. (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Sulfur in the South Florida Ecosystem: Distribution, Sources, Biogeochemistry, Impacts, and Management for Restoration - William Orem; Cynthia Gilmour; Donald Axelrad; David Krabbenhoft; Daniel Scheidt; Peter Kalla; Paul McCormick; Mark Gabriel; George Aiken (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Central serotonin transporter levels are associated with stress hormone response and anxiety - Matthias Reimold; Astrid Knobel; Michael A. Rapp; Anil Batra; Klaus Wiedemann; Andreas Ströhle; Anke Zimmer; Peter Schönknecht; Michael N. Smolka; Daniel R. Weinberger; David Goldman; Hans-Jürgen Machulla; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Response to commentary by G. Petit and T. Anfodillo - Frederick C. Meinzer; Katherine A. McCulloh; Barbara Lachenbruch; David R. Woodruff; Daniel M. Johnson (Oecologia, 2011)

Soil Carbon Change through 2 m during Forest Succession Alongside a 30-Year Agroecosystem Experiment - Scott Devine; Daniel Markewitz; Paul Hendrix; David Coleman (Forest Science, 2011)
Forest succession (FS) and no-till (NT) agriculture are generally assumed to have a beneficial effect on surficial soil organic C (SOC) stocks compared with conventional tillage (CT) management; however, land use effects to depths >30 cm remain uncertain. In this research we compared SOC contents and composition to 2 m under CT, NT, and FS at the 30-year Horseshoe Bend agroecosystem experiment in Athens, Georgia, USA. Soils from 0 to 2 m were fractionated into particulate organic C (POC) (53-2000 μm) and fine C (<53 μm) fractions, and bulk soil δ13C signatures were determined. Soils from 0 to 28 cm were dry- and wet-sieved to estimate aggregate stability. Soil solutions were also collected at 0, 15, and 100 cm for dissolved organic C (DOC) analysis. Full-profile (0-2 m) SOC storage is 52 Mg ha−1 in CT, 60 Mg ha−1 in NT, and 62 Mg ha−1 in FS. Significant differences are limited to 0-5 cm and are linked to enhanced aggregate stability under NT and FS. Increases in subsoil POC under FS and changes in soil δ13C and C/N ratio indicate that substantial subsoil C cycling has occurred. DOC fluxes at 0 cm were significantly greater under NT (200 kg ha−1 year−1) and FS (210 kg ha−1 year−1) than under CT (80 kg ha−1 year−1). DOC fluxes at 15 cm are estimated to be 20 kg ha−1 year−1 under CT and NT and 40 kg ha−1 year−1 under FS. At 100 cm, DOC fluxes are 2 kg ha−1 year−1, regardless of land use. An increase in FS POC of 2 Mg ha−1 from 15 to 100 cm outweighs cumulative differences in DOC input to this layer, implicating deep forest rooting and bioturbation as active mechanisms in subsoil C change. Whereas differences in SOC content were concentrated near the surface, dynamic changes in C cycling extend well below the plow layer.

Carbon Inputs and Water Uptake in Deep Soils of an Eastern Amazon Forest - Eric Davidson; Paul A. Lefebvre; Paulo M. Brando; David M. Ray; Susan E. Trumbore; Luis A. Solorzano; Joice N. Ferreira; Mercedes M. da C. Bustamante; Daniel C. Nepstad (Forest Science, 2011)
Rooting depth affects soil profiles of water uptake and carbon inputs. Here we explore the importance of deep roots in a mature tropical forest of eastern Amazonia, where a throughfall exclusion experiment was conducted to test the resilience of the forest to experimentally induced drought. We hypothesized that soil water depletion occurred below the depth previously measured by sensors in 11-m-deep soil pits and that only a small root biomass is necessary to affect water uptake and the isotopic signature of soil CO2. A noninvasive electrical profiling method demonstrated greater depletion of soil water in the 11-18 m depth increment in the exclusion plot compared with the control plot by the end of the 3rd year of the experiment. A fine root biomass of only 0.1 g/cm3 measured at 3-6 m was sufficient for soil water drawdown and for imparting an isotopic signature of modern soil 14CO2 in both plots. A soil 13CO2 profile indicated drought stress in the exclusion plot. Fine root inputs of organic C to deep soils are small with respect to the carbon dynamics of the forest, but the deep rooting habit clearly affects the ecosystem water balance and profiles of soil CO2.

Efficient mammalian germline transgenesis by cis-enhanced Sleeping Beauty transposition - Daniel F. Carlson; Aron M. Geurts; John R. Garbe; Chang-Won Park; Artur Rangel-Filho; Scott M. O’Grady; Howard J. Jacob; Clifford J. Steer; David A. Largaespada; Scott C. Fahrenkrug (Transgenic Research, 2011)

An Effective Approach to Rehabilitate Damaged Barrier System Against Piping and Contaminant Flow - David Washington; Daniel Rodriguez; Vincent Ogunro (Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2011)

Using biodiversity deconstruction to disentangle assembly and diversity dynamics of understorey plants along post‐fire succession in boreal forest - Ermias T. Azeria; Mathieu Bouchard; David Pothier; Daniel Fortin; Christian Hébert (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2011)
Aim The study aims to decipher the co‐occurrence of understorey plant assemblages and, accordingly, to identify a set of species groups (diversity deconstruction) to better understand the multiple causal processes underlying post‐fire succession and diversity patterns in boreal forest. Location North‐eastern Canadian boreal forest (49°07′–51°44′ N; 70°13′–65°15′ W). Methods Data on understorey plant communities and habitat factors were collected from 1097 plots. Species co‐occurrence was analysed using null model analysis. We derive species groups (i.e. biodiversity deconstruction) using the strength of pairwise species co‐occurrences after accounting for random expectation under a null model and cluster analyses. We examine the influence of a set of spatiotemporal environmental variables (overstorey composition, time‐since‐fire, spatial location and topography) on richness of species groups using Bayesian model averaging, and their relative influence through hierarchical partitioning of variance. Results Understorey plant assemblages were highly structured, with co‐occurrence‐based classification providing species groups that were coherently aggregated within, but variably segregated between, species groups. Group richness models indicate both common and distinct responses to factors affecting plant succession. For example, Group 2 (e.g. Rhododendron groenlandicum and Cladina rangiferina ) showed concurrent contrasting responses to overstorey composition and was strongly segregated from Groups 3 (e.g. Clintonia borealis and Maianthenum canadense ) and 4 (e.g. Epilobium angustifolium and Alnus rugosa ). Groups 3 and 4 showed partial similarity, but they differed in their response to time‐since‐fire, drainage and latitude, which were more important for Group 1 (e.g. Ptilium crista‐castrensis and Empetrum nigrum ). A single successional model based on total richness masked crucial group‐level relationships with factors that we examined, such as latitude. Main conclusions By demonstrating the co‐occurrence structure and linking to causal factors, the results from this study characterize both common and distinct responses of understorey plants to biophysical attributes of sites, and potential interspecific interactions, behind non‐random assemblage structure during post‐fire succession. A biodiversity deconstruction approach could offer a concise and explicit framework to gain a better understanding of the complex assembly of ecological communities during succession.

Public policy action and CCC implementation: benefits and hurdles - Carter Steger; Kelley Daniel; Gary L. Gurian; J. T. Petherick; Chris Stockmyer; Annette M. David; Sara E. Miller (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Integrating the Totality of Food and Nutrition Evidence for Public Health Decision Making and Communication - Juan L. Navia; Tim Byers; Darinka Djordjevic; Eric Hentges; Janet King; David Klurfeld; Craig Llewellyn; John Milner; Daniel Skrypec; Douglas Weed (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2010)

Effect of Serum on Transfection by Polyethylenimine/Virus-Like Particle Hybrid Gene Delivery Vectors - David M. Drake; Rahul K. Keswani; Daniel W. Pack (Pharmaceutical Research, 2010)

A large-scale candidate gene association study of age at menarche and age at natural menopause - Chunyan He; Peter Kraft; Daniel I. Chasman; Julie E. Buring; Constance Chen; Susan E. Hankinson; Guillaume Paré; Stephen Chanock; Paul M. Ridker; David J. Hunter (Human Genetics, 2010)

Deletion of the eIFiso4G subunit of the Arabidopsis eIFiso4F translation initiation complex impairs health and viability - Andrew D. Lellis; M. Leah Allen; Alice W. Aertker; Jonathan K. Tran; David M. Hillis; Courtney R. Harbin; Christian Caldwell; Daniel R. Gallie; Karen S. Browning (Plant Molecular Biology, 2010)

The blind men and the elephant: the impact of context and scale in evaluating conflicts between plant hydraulic safety and efficiency - Frederick C. Meinzer; Katherine A. McCulloh; Barbara Lachenbruch; David R. Woodruff; Daniel M. Johnson (Oecologia, 2010)

Living at the Edge: Local versus Positional Factors in the Long‐Term Population Dynamics of an Endangered Orchid - MARÍA B. GARCÍA; DANIEL GOÑI; DAVID GUZMÁN (Conservation Biology, 2010)
Populations at the margin of geographic ranges of distribution have been considered more vulnerable than central ones, but recent reviews have caste doubt on this generalization. We examined the reproductive and demographic performance of a rare Euroasiatic orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) at its southwesterly range limit and compared our findings with those of previous studies of nine central populations at the center of the orchid's range. We sought to test the central‐marginal model and to evaluate factors involved in long‐term performance of forest Eurosiberian species with peripheral populations in southern European mountains. We characterized (structure, temporal fluctuations, herbivory, reproductive success, and recruitment at different habitats) four Pyrenean populations of C. calceolus of different sizes (5–3500 ramets) and monitored three of them for up to 13 years. Two quantitative stochastic models (count data and matrix models) were used to assess population trends and viability and the effect of herbivory. Contrary to expectations, and despite the negative effect of sporadic events of herbivory, the peripheral populations we studied (except the smallest one) performed similarly or better than populations occurring in central part of the species’ range in terms of reproductive success and population growth rates. Landscape changes over the last 50 years suggest that natural reforestation could be involved in the success of this plant at its southern limit. Forest expansion in the mountain regions of southern Europe may provide new opportunities for plants with geographic distributions centered mainly at higher latitudes and give some hope for their recovery in future scenarios dominated by biodiversity loss.

Effects of five years of chronic STN stimulation on muscle strength and movement speed - Molly M. Sturman; David E. Vaillancourt; Leo Verhagen Metman; Roy A. E. Bakay; Daniel M. Corcos (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Early changes in vasoreactivity after simulated microgravity are due to an upregulation of the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP pathway - Anthony R. White; Sungwoo Ryoo; Lukasz Bugaj; David O. Attarzadeh; Srikanth Thiyagarajan; Kexun Chen; Sarah Attwater; Bryce Abbot; Dechun Li; Hunter C. Champion; Artin A. Shoukas; Daniel Nyhan; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Uptake of predictive testing among relatives of BRCA1 and BRCA2 families: a multicenter study in northeastern Spain - Judit Sanz; Teresa Ramón y Cajal; Asunción Torres; Esther Darder; Neus Gadea; Angela Velasco; Daniel Fortuny; Consol López; David Fisas; Joan Brunet; M. Carmen Alonso; Judith Balmaña (Familial Cancer, 2010)

Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits - Francesco de Bello; Sandra Lavorel; Sandra Díaz; Richard Harrington; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Richard D. Bardgett; Matty P. Berg; Pablo Cipriotti; Christian K. Feld; Daniel Hering; Pedro Martins da Silva; Simon G. Potts; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Downscaling Indonesian precipitation using large‐scale meteorological fields - Daniel J. Vimont; David S. Battisti; Rosamond L. Naylor (International Journal of Climatology, 2010)
This study investigates the skill of linear methods for downscaling provincial‐scale precipitation over Indonesia from fields that describe the large‐scale circulation and hydrological cycle. The study is motivated by the strong link between large‐scale variations in the monsoon and the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and regional precipitation, and the subsequent impact of regional precipitation on rice production in Indonesia. Three different downscaling methods are tested across five different combinations of large‐scale predictor fields and two different estimates of regional precipitation for Indonesia. Downscaling techniques are most skillful over the southern islands (Java and Bali) during the monsoon onset or transition season (Sep‐Dec). The methods are moderately skillful in the southern islands during the dry season (May‐Aug), and exhibit poor skill during the wet season (Jan‐Apr). In northern Sumatra downscaling methods are most skillful during January to April with little skill during other times of the year. There is little difference between the three different linear methods used to downscale precipitation over Indonesia. Additional analysis indicates that downscaling methods that are trained on the annual cycle of precipitation produce less‐biased estimates of the annual cycle of regional precipitation than raw model output, and also show some skill at reconstructing interannual variations in regional precipitation. Most of the skill of downscaling methods is attributed to year‐to‐year ENSO variations and to the long‐term trend in precipitation and large‐scale fields. While the goal of the present study is to investigate the skill of downscaling methods specifically for Indonesia, results are expected to be more generally applicable. In particular, the downscaling models derived from observations have been effectively used to debias the annual cycle of regional precipitation from global climate models. It is expected that the methods will be generally applicable in other regions where regional precipitation is strongly affected by the large‐scale circulation. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

Erratum to: Interaction between groundwater, the hyporheic zone and a Chalk stream: a case study from the River Lambourn, UK - David J. Allen; W. George Darling; Daren C. Gooddy; Daniel J. Lapworth; Andrew J. Newell; Ann T. Williams; Debbie Allen; Corinna Abesser (Hydrogeology Journal, 2010)

Interaction between groundwater, the hyporheic zone and a Chalk stream: a case study from the River Lambourn, UK - David J. Allen; W. George Darling; Daren C. Gooddy; Daniel J. Lapworth; Andrew J. Newell; Ann T. Williams; Debbie Allen; Corinna Abesser (Hydrogeology Journal, 2010)

Acid violet 7 and its biodegradation products induce chromosome aberrations, lipid peroxidation, and cholinesterase inhibition in mouse bone marrow - Hédi Ben Mansour; Yosra Ayed-Ajmi; Ridha Mosrati; David Corroler; Kamel Ghedira; Daniel Barillier; Leila Chekir-Ghedira (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2010)

Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR’07) Multi-Sensor Campaign - Charles M. Bachmann; C. Reid Nichols; Marcos J. Montes; Rong-Rong Li; Patrick Woodward; Robert A. Fusina; Wei Chen; Vimal Mishra; Wonkook Kim; James Monty; Kevin Mcilhany; Ken Kessler; et al. (Marine Geodesy, 2010)

High survival rate of a critically endangered species, the Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina, as a contribution to population recovery - David Monticelli; Ricardo Ceia; Ruben Heleno; Hugo Laborda; Sergio Timóteo; Daniel Jareño; Geoff M. Hilton; Jaime A. Ramos (Journal of Ornithology, 2010)

A high-conductance cation channel from the inner membrane of the free-living soil bacteria Rhizobium etli - Daniel Balleza; Carmen Quinto; David Elias; Froylán Gómez-Lagunas (Archives of Microbiology, 2010)

Quantitative Effects of Coil Packing Density on Cerebral Aneurysm Fluid Dynamics: An In Vitro Steady Flow Study - M. Haithem Babiker; L. Fernando Gonzalez; Felipe Albuquerque; Daniel Collins; Arius Elvikis; David H. Frakes (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

DNA barcodes show cryptic diversity and a potential physiological basis for host specificity among Diplostomoidea (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) parasitizing freshwater fishes in the St. Lawrence River, Canada - SEAN A. LOCKE; J. DANIEL MCLAUGHLIN; DAVID J. MARCOGLIESE (Molecular Ecology, 2010)
Diplostomoid metacercariae parasitize freshwater fishes worldwide and cannot be identified to species based on morphology. In this study, sequences of the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) were used to discriminate species in 1088 diplostomoids, most of which were metacercariae from fish collected in the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Forty‐seven diplostomoid species were detected, representing a large increase in known diversity. Most species suggested by CO1 sequences were supported by sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA and host and tissue specificity. Three lines of evidence indicate that physiological incompatibility between host and parasite is a more important determinant of host specificity than ecological separation of hosts and parasites in this important group of freshwater fish pathogens. First, nearly all diplostomoid species residing outside the lens of the eyes of fish are highly host specific, while all species that occur inside the lens are generalists. This can be plausibly explained by a physiological mechanism, namely the lack of an effective immune response in the lens. Second, the distribution of diplostomoid species among fish taxa reflected the phylogenetic relationships of host species rather than their ecological similarities. Third, the same patterns of host specificity were observed in separate, ecologically distinctive fish communities.

Microarray-Based Identification of Gonad Transcripts Differentially Expressed Between Lines of Pacific Oyster Selected to Be Resistant or Susceptible to Summer Mortality - Elodie Fleury; Jeanne Moal; Viviane Boulo; Jean-Yves Daniel; David Mazurais; Alain Hénaut; Charlotte Corporeau; Pierre Boudry; Pascal Favrel; Arnaud Huvet (Marine Biotechnology, 2010)

Gas flux and carbonate occurrence at a shallow seep of thermogenic natural gas - Franklin S. Kinnaman; Justine B. Kimball; Luis Busso; Daniel Birgel; Haibing Ding; Kai-Uwe Hinrichs; David L. Valentine (Geo-Marine Letters, 2010)

Increased size of solid organs in patients with Chuvash polycythemia and in mice with altered expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α - Donghoon Yoon; David V. Okhotin; Bumjun Kim; Yulia Okhotina; Daniel J. Okhotin; Galina Y. Miasnikova; Adelina I. Sergueeva; Lydia A. Polyakova; Alexei Maslow; Yonggu Lee; Gregg L. Semenza; Josef T. Prchal; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2010)

Method to characterize aquitards above leaky aquifers with water supply wells - David W. Ostendorf; Don J. DeGroot; Aaron I. Judge; Daniel F. LaMesa (Hydrogeology Journal, 2010)

Dietary fat-dependent transcriptional architecture and copy number alterations associated with modifiers of mammary cancer metastasis - Ryan R. Gordon; Michele La Merrill; Kent W. Hunter; Peter Sørensen; David W. Threadgill; Daniel Pomp (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2010)

Long‐standing environmental conditions, geographic isolation and host–symbiont specificity influence the relative ecological dominance and genetic diversification of coral endosymbionts in the genus Symbiodinium - Todd C. LaJeunesse; Daniel T. Pettay; Eugenia M. Sampayo; Niphon Phongsuwan; Barbara Brown; David O. Obura; Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg; William K. Fitt (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim This study examines the importance of geographic proximity, host life history and regional and local differences in environment (temperature and water clarity) in driving the ecological and evolutionary processes underpinning the global patterns of diversity and distribution of symbiotic dinoflagellates. By comparing and contrasting coral–algal symbioses from isolated regions with differing environmental conditions, we may assess the potential of coral communities to respond to significant changes in climate. Location Indian Ocean. Methods Community assemblages of obligate symbiotic invertebrates were sampled at numerous sites from two regions, the north‐eastern Indian Ocean (Andaman Sea, western Thailand) and the western Indian Ocean (Zanzibar, Tanzania). Molecular genetic methods, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping, were used to characterize the ‘species’ diversity and evolutionary relationships of symbiotic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium ). Host–symbiont specificity, geographic isolation and local and regional environmental factors were evaluated in terms of their importance in governing the distribution and prevalence of certain symbiont taxa. Results Host‐generalist symbionts ( C3u and D1‐4 , formerly D1a now designated Symbiodinium trenchi ) frequently occurred alone and sometimes together in hosts with horizontal modes of symbiont acquisition. However, the majority of Symbiodinium diversity consisted of apparently host‐specific ‘species’. Clade C Symbiodinium were diverse and dominated host assemblages from sites sampled in the western Indian Ocean, a pattern analogous to symbiont communities on the Great Barrier Reef with similar environmental conditions. Clade D Symbiodinium were diverse and occurred frequently in hosts from the north‐eastern Indian Ocean, especially at inshore locations, where temperatures are warmer, water turbidity is high and large tidal exchanges commonly expose coral populations to aerial desiccation. Main conclusions Regional and local differences in cnidarian–algal combinations indicate that these symbioses are ecologically and evolutionarily responsive and can thrive under various environmental conditions. The high temperatures and turbid conditions of the north‐eastern Indian Ocean partly explain the ecological success of Clade D Symbiodinium relative to Clade C. Phylogenetic, ecological and population genetic data further indicate that Clade D has undergone an adaptive radiation, especially in regions around Southeast Asia, during the Pleistocene.

Erratum to: Evidence of statistical epistasis between DISC1, CIT and NDEL1 impacting risk for schizophrenia: biological validation with functional neuroimaging - Kristin K. Nicodemus; Joseph H. Callicott; Rachel G. Higier; Augustin Luna; Devon C. Nixon; Barbara K. Lipska; Radhakrishna Vakkalanka; Ina Giegling; Dan Rujescu; David St. Clair; Pierandrea Muglia; Yin Yao Shugart; et al. (Human Genetics, 2010)

Evidence of statistical epistasis between DISC1, CIT and NDEL1 impacting risk for schizophrenia: biological validation with functional neuroimaging - Kristin K. Nicodemus; Joseph H. Callicott; Rachel G. Higier; Augustin Luna; Devon C. Nixon; Barbara K. Lipska; Radhakrishna Vakkalanka; Ina Giegling; Dan Rujescu; David St. Clair; Pierandrea Muglia; Yin Yao Shugart; et al. (Human Genetics, 2010)

Impacts of climate change on the amphibians and reptiles of Southeast Asia - David Bickford; Sam D. Howard; Daniel J. J. Ng; Jennifer A. Sheridan (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

An EPR study of native radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in sudoite (di–trioctahedral Al–Mg chlorite) from the alteration halo related to unconformity-type uranium deposits - Élisa Morichon; Thierry Allard; Daniel Beaufort; David Quirt (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2010)

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Korean subjects compared with healthy Caucasian subjects - David S. Small; Prajakti Kothare; Eunice Yuen; D. Richard Lachno; Ying G. Li; Kenneth J. Winters; Nagy A. Farid; Lan Ni; Joseph A. Jakubowski; Daniel E. Salazar; Vivian T. Thieu; Christopher D. Payne (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2010)

Dietary fat alters pulmonary metastasis of mammary cancers through cancer autonomous and non-autonomous changes in gene expression - Michele La Merrill; Ryan R. Gordon; Kent W. Hunter; David W. Threadgill; Daniel Pomp (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2010)

Diastolic function in healthy humans: non-invasive assessment and the impact of acute and chronic exercise - Keith P. George; Louise H. Naylor; Greg P. Whyte; Rob E. Shave; David Oxborough; Daniel J. Green (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Genetic diversity of Cucumber mosaic virus infecting vanilla in French Polynesia and Réunion Island - Karin Farreyrol; Michel Grisoni; Michael Pearson; Agathe Richard; Daniel Cohen; David Beck (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2010)

Global patterns in predator–prey size relationships reveal size dependency of trophic transfer efficiency - Carolyn Barnes; David Maxwell; Daniel C. Reuman; Simon Jennings (Ecology, 2010)
Predator–prey body size relationships influence food chain length, trophic structure, transfer efficiency, interaction strength, and the bioaccumulation of contaminants. Improved quantification of these relationships and their response to the environment is needed to parameterize food web models and describe food web structure and function. A compiled data set comprising 29 582 records of individual prey eaten at 21 locations by individual predators that spanned 10 orders of magnitude in mass and lived in marine environments ranging from the poles to the tropics was used to investigate the influence of predator size and environment on predator and prey size relationships. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated that predator–prey mass ratios (PPMR) increased with predator mass. The amount of the increase varied among locations and predator species and individuals but was not significantly influenced by temperature, latitude, depth, or primary production. Increases in PPMR with predator mass implied nonlinear relationships between log body mass and trophic level and reductions in transfer efficiency with increasing body size. The results suggest that very general rules determine dominant trends in PPMR in diverse marine ecosystems, leading to the ubiquity of size‐based trophic structuring and the consistency of observed relationships between the relative abundance of individuals and their body size.

Climate Change Adaptation for the US National Wildlife Refuge System - Brad Griffith; J. Michael Scott; Robert Adamcik; Daniel Ashe; Brian Czech; Robert Fischman; Patrick Gonzalez; Joshua Lawler; A. David McGuire; Anna Pidgorna (Environmental Management, 2009)

Bachelor and paired male rufous-and-white wrens use different singing strategies - Holly L. Hennin; Nicole K. S. Barker; David W. Bradley; Daniel J. Mennill (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2009)

A multi‐proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA - David A. Grimley; Daniel Larsen; Samantha W. Kaplan; Catherine H. Yansa; B. Brandon Curry; Eric A. Oches (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2009)
The Fulton Section, along the Mississippi River in western Tennessee, USA, is a 1 km continuous exposure (∼20 m vertically) of Quaternary fluvial and lacustrine deposits, inset within Eocene sediments and buried by thick loess. Fossiliferous slackwater lake sediments record maximum aggradation during the last two major glaciations, with deposition between ca. 190–140 ka and 24– 18 14 C ka BP, based on amino acid and radiocarbon chronology, respectively. During the onset of full glacial conditions (ca. 24–22 14 C ka BP), a relatively permanent shallow lake environment is indicated by ostracods, aquatic molluscs, and both pollen and macrofossils of aquatic plants. By 21.8 14 C ka BP, increasing emergent plants, amphibious gastropods ( Pomatiopsis ) and heavier δ 18 O compositions suggest marsh‐like conditions in a periodically drying lake. The surrounding uplands consisted of Picea – Pinus woodlands mixed with cool‐temperate hardwoods (e.g. Quercus , Populus , Carya ), grasses and herbs. More open conditions ensued ca. 20 14 C ka BP, with loess and slopewash gradually infilling the former lake by 18 14 C ka BP. Modern analogue analyses of ostracods and palaeontological evidence imply a full glacial climate similar to today's mixed‐boreal zone in central Minnesota, USA, about 9°C cooler in mean annual temperature than present‐day western Tennessee. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The potential ecological costs and cobenefits of REDD: a critical review and case study from the Amazon region - CLAUDIA M. STICKLER; DANIEL C. NEPSTAD; MICHAEL T. COE; DAVID G. McGRATH; HERMANN O. RODRIGUES; WAYNE S. WALKER; BRITALDO S. SOARES‐FILHO; ERIC A. DAVIDSON (Global Change Biology, 2009)
The United Nations climate treaty may soon include a mechanism for compensating tropical nations that succeed in reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, source of nearly one fifth of global carbon emissions. We review the potential for this mechanism [reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD)] to provoke ecological damages and promote ecological cobenefits. Nations could potentially participate in REDD by slowing clear‐cutting of mature tropical forest, slowing or decreasing the impact of selective logging, promoting forest regeneration and restoration, and expanding tree plantations. REDD could also foster efforts to reduce the incidence of forest fire. Potential ecological costs include the accelerated loss (through displaced agricultural expansion) of low‐biomass, high‐conservation‐value ecosystems, and substitution of low‐biomass vegetation by monoculture tree plantations. These costs could be avoided through measures that protect low‐biomass native ecosystems. Substantial ecological cobenefits should be conferred under most circumstances, and include the maintenance or restoration of (1) watershed functions, (2) local and regional climate regimes, (3) soils and biogeochemical processes, (4) water quality and aquatic habitat, and (5) terrestrial habitat. Some tools already being developed to monitor, report and verify (MRV) carbon emissions performance can also be used to measure other elements of ecosystem function, making development of MRV systems for ecological cobenefits a concrete possibility. Analysis of possible REDD program interventions in a large‐scale Amazon landscape indicates that even modest flows of forest carbon funding can provide substantial cobenefits for aquatic ecosystems, but that the functional integrity of the landscape's myriad small watersheds would be best protected under a more even spatial distribution of forests. Because of its focus on an ecosystem service with global benefits, REDD could access a large pool of global stakeholders willing to pay to maintain carbon in forests, thereby providing a potential cascade of ecosystem services to local stakeholders who would otherwise be unable to afford them.

Characterization of marine isoprene‐degrading communities - Laura Acuña Alvarez; Daniel A. Exton; Kenneth N. Timmis; David J. Suggett; Terry J. McGenity (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Isoprene is a volatile and climate‐altering hydrocarbon with an atmospheric concentration similar to that of methane. It is well established that marine algae produce isoprene; however, until now there was no specific information about marine isoprene sinks. Here we demonstrate isoprene consumption in samples from temperate and tropical marine and coastal environments, and furthermore show that the most rapid degradation of isoprene coincides with the highest rates of isoprene production in estuarine sediments. Isoprene‐degrading enrichment cultures, analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and by culturing, were generally dominated by Actinobacteria , but included other groups such as Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes , previously not known to degrade isoprene. In contrast to specialist methane‐oxidizing bacteria, cultivated isoprene degraders were nutritionally versatile, and nearly all of them were able to use n ‐alkanes as a source of carbon and energy. We therefore tested and showed that the ubiquitous marine hydrocarbon‐degrader, Alcanivorax borkumensis , could also degrade isoprene. A mixture of the isolates consumed isoprene emitted from algal cultures, confirming that isoprene can be metabolized at low, environmentally relevant concentrations, and suggesting that, in the absence of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons, algal production of isoprene could maintain viable populations of hydrocarbon‐degrading microbes. This discovery of a missing marine sink for isoprene is the first step in obtaining more robust predictions of its flux, and suggests that algal‐derived isoprene provides an additional source of carbon for diverse microbes in the oceans.

Photosynthetic picoeukaryote community structure in the South East Pacific Ocean encompassing the most oligotrophic waters on Earth - Cécile Lepère; Daniel Vaulot; David J. Scanlan (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs), comprising organisms

Predatory senescence in ageing wolves - Daniel R. MacNulty; Douglas W. Smith; John A. Vucetich; L. David Mech; Daniel R. Stahler; Craig Packer (Ecology Letters, 2009)
Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1347–1356 Abstract It is well established that ageing handicaps the ability of prey to escape predators, yet surprisingly little is known about how ageing affects the ability of predators to catch prey. Research into long‐lived predators has assumed that adults have uniform impacts on prey regardless of age. Here we use longitudinal data from repeated observations of individually‐known wolves ( Canis lupus ) hunting elk ( Cervus elaphus ) in Yellowstone National Park to demonstrate that adult predatory performance declines with age and that an increasing ratio of senescent individuals in the wolf population depresses the rate of prey offtake. Because this ratio fluctuates independently of population size, predatory senescence may cause wolf populations of equal size but different age structure to have different impacts on prey populations. These findings suggest that predatory senescence is an important, though overlooked, factor affecting predator‐prey dynamics.

Mapping urban areas on a global scale: which of the eight maps now available is more accurate? - David Potere; Annemarie Schneider; Shlomo Angel; Daniel L. Civco (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009)

An Overview of the Introns-First Theory - David Penny; Marc P. Hoeppner; Anthony M. Poole; Daniel C. Jeffares (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2009)

A new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Ruppell’s agama Agama rueppelli (Vaillant) (Sauria: Agamidae) from East Africa, with a review of this genus in agamid lizards - Andrei Daniel Mihalca; Miloslav Jirků; Patrick Kenyatta Malonza; David Modrý (Systematic Parasitology, 2009)

EMG responses to unexpected perturbations are delayed in slower movements - Fabian J. David; Cynthia Poon; Chuanxin M. Niu; Daniel M. Corcos; Mark B. Shapiro (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)

Solos, duets and choruses: vocal behaviour of the Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha), a cooperatively breeding neotropical songbird - David W. Bradley; Daniel J. Mennill (Journal of Ornithology, 2009)

The first definitive carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Asia and the delayed ascent of tyrannosaurids - Stephen L. Brusatte; Roger B. J. Benson; Daniel J. Chure; Xing Xu; Corwin Sullivan; David W. E. Hone (The Science of Nature, 2009)

Spike Train Analysis Toolkit: Enabling Wider Application of Information-Theoretic Techniques to Neurophysiology - David H. Goldberg; Jonathan D. Victor; Esther P. Gardner; Daniel Gardner (Neuroinformatics, 2009)

Using the Sediment Quality Triad to characterize baseline conditions in the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA - Beth L. McGee; Alfred E. Pinkney; David J. Velinsky; Jeffrey T. F. Ashley; Daniel J. Fisher; Leonard C. Ferrington; Teresa J. Norberg-King (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Mismatch Negativity to Tonal Contours Suggests Preattentive Perception of Prosodic Content - David I. Leitman; Pejman Sehatpour; Marina Shpaner; John J. Foxe; Daniel C. Javitt (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2009)

Ecological, landscape, and climatic regulation of sediment geochemistry in North American sockeye salmon nursery lakes: Insights for paleoecological salmon investigations - Daniel T. Selbie; Bruce P. Finney; David Barto; Lynda Bunting; Guangjie Chen; Peter R. Leavitt; Erland A. MacIsaac; Daniel E. Schindler; Mark D. Shapley; Irene Gregory-Eavesa (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
We used multiple linear regressions across a Northeast Pacific region 56‐lake set to examine the influence of sockeye salmon spawner densities and limnological, climatic, and watershed characteristics on sediment stable nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) and C:N signatures, geochemical proxies used in paleolimnological reconstructions of prehistoric salmon abundances. Across all sites (n = 56), sedimentary C:N was primarily related to variables reflecting allochthonous organic matter and nutrient fluxes, with 67= of the variance explained by watershed vegetation type, watershed area, mean slope, and salmon spawner densities. In a subset of sites with nutrient data (n = 41), 63= of variance in C:N was explained by precipitation and watershed vegetation type. Sediment δ 15 N was most strongly related to salmon spawner densities, but C:N and watershed area : lake area ratios explained significant residual variance (total 55=). In sites with nutrient data, salmon spawner densities, vegetation type, and spring nitrate explained 62= of the variance in d15N. Sediment C:N and δ 15 N values exhibited distinct interregional variation, typically varying inversely. Regional d15N‐salmon density relationships (regression slopes) varied strongly with total annual precipitation (r 2 = 0.89, p = 0.016, n = 5), suggesting watershed organic matter and nutrient loading vary predictably in relation to regional biogeoclimatic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that paleolimnological analyses are useful for quantitative reconstruction of past salmon densities; however, inferences regarding past salmon populations must consider the factors regulating influxes of nitrogen from watershed sources.

A literature review: the cardiovascular effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields - David Andrew McNamee; Alexandre G. Legros; Daniel R. Krewski; Gerald Wisenberg; Frank S. Prato; Alex W. Thomas (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2009)

Soil solution and sugar maple response to NH4NO3 additions in a base-poor northern hardwood forest of Québec, Canada - Jean-David Moore; Daniel Houle (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Population genetic analysis reveals a long‐term decline of a threatened endemic Australian marsupial - BIRGITA D. HANSEN; DANIEL K. P. HARLEY; DAVID B. LINDENMAYER; ANDREA C. TAYLOR (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Since European colonization, Leadbeater’s possum ( Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ) has declined across its range to the point where it is now only patchily distributed within the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The loss of large hollow‐bearing trees coupled with inadequate recruitment of mature ash forest has been predicted to result in a reduction in population size of up to 90% by 2020. Furthermore, bioclimatic analyses have suggested additional reductions in the species’ distribution under a variety of climate change scenarios. Using a panel of 15 highly resolving microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control region sequence data, we infer past and present gene flow. Populations in the northern part of the core range were highly admixed, and showed no signs of either current or historical barriers to gene flow. A marginal, isolated and inbred population at Yellingbo was highly genetically differentiated, both in terms of current and historic genetic structure. Sequence data confirmed the conclusions from earlier genetic simulation studies that the Yellingbo population has been isolated from the rest of the species range since before European‐induced changes to the montane landscape, and formed part of a larger genetic unit that is now otherwise extinct. Historic loss of maternal lineages in the Central Highlands of Victoria was detected despite signals of immigration, indicating population declines that most probably coincided with changes in climate at the end of the Pleistocene. Given ongoing habitat loss and the recent (February 2009) wildfire in the Central Highlands, we forecast (potentially extensive) demographic declines, in line with predicted range reductions under climate change scenarios.

Replication and narrowing of gene expression quantitative trait loci using inbred mice - Daniel M. Gatti; Alison H. Harrill; Fred A. Wright; David W. Threadgill; Ivan Rusyn (Mammalian Genome, 2009)

Morphology and molecular taxonomy of Gyrodactylus jennyae n. sp. (Monogenea) from tadpoles of captive Rana catesbeiana Shaw (Anura), with a review of the species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 parasitising amphibians - Linda Paetow; David K. Cone; Tine Huyse; J. Daniel McLaughlin; David J. Marcogliese (Systematic Parasitology, 2009)

“Fit-for-Purpose” Method Validation and Application of a Biomarker (C-terminal Telopeptides of Type 1 Collagen) in Denosumab Clinical Studies - Jin Wang; Jean Lee; Daniel Burns; David Doherty; Laura Brunner; Mark Peterson; Binodh DeSilva (The AAPS Journal, 2009)

Next-generation sequencing of vertebrate experimental organisms - Daniel J. Turner; Thomas M. Keane; Ian Sudbery; David J. Adams (Mammalian Genome, 2009)

Proprioceptive feedback during point-to-point arm movements is tuned to the expected dynamics of the task - Mark B. Shapiro; Chuanxin M. Niu; Cynthia Poon; Fabian J. David; Daniel M. Corcos (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)

Production of recombinant albumin by a herd of cloned transgenic cattle - Yann Echelard; Jennifer L. Williams; Margaret M. Destrempes; Julie A. Koster; Susan A. Overton; Daniel P. Pollock; Karen T. Rapiejko; Esmail Behboodi; Nicholas C. Masiello; William G. Gavin; Jerry Pommer; Scott M. Van Patten; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2009)

Stationarity Scores on Training Images for Multipoint Geostatistics - Piotr W. Mirowski; Daniel M. Tetzlaff; Roy C. Davies; David S. McCormick; Nneka Williams; Claude Signer (Mathematical Geosciences, 2009)

Contrasting evolution of diversity at two disease-associated chicken genes - Tim Downing; David J. Lynn; Sarah Connell; Andrew T. Lloyd; A. K. Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan; Pradeepa Silva; Arifa N. Naqvi; Rahamame Sanfo; Racine-Samba Sow; Baitsi Podisi; Cliona O’Farrelly; Olivier Hanotte; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2009)

Heterozygosity and extra‐pair paternity: biased tests result from the use of shared markers - DANIEL P. WETZEL; DAVID F. WESTNEAT (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Recent studies of extra‐pair paternity have found support for the idea that heterozygous males have an advantage in siring offspring. Most studies use DNA microsatellite loci to determine paternity and then use the same loci to estimate individual heterozygosity. However, because the likelihood of detecting extra‐pair offspring depends on the combinations of parental alleles, it is possible that biases arise from particular allele combinations. This might produce false support for the influence of heterozygosity on mating behaviour. We used a simulation model to assess how large this bias might be. We found two sources of bias. First, we found a bias in the null hypothesis of a simple statistical test commonly used to test several predictions of the heterozygosity hypothesis. The use of randomization tests could eliminate this bias. Second, we found that using the same loci for both paternity and heterozygosity can cause an increase in results supporting the heterozygosity hypothesis when no effect of heterozygosity actually exists. This bias is reduced through the use of more markers with higher levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity, but can be eliminated entirely by using a separate set of markers to determine paternity and assess heterozygosity. The two sources of bias reduce evidence favouring the heterozygosity hypothesis, but do not negate all of the studies that support it. We suggest that further studies of heterozygosity and extra‐pair paternity are important and likely to be informative, but our recommendations should be incorporated by researchers to improve the reliability of their conclusions.

Molecular genetic variation and population structure in morphologically differentiated cave and surface populations of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus - DAVID B. CARLINI; JOHN MANNING; PATRICK G. SULLIVAN; DANIEL W. FONG (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Gammarus minus is an important component of surface spring and cave ecosystems throughout Appalachia, and is a useful indicator of the hydrology and gene flow in freshwater communities. Gammarus minus populations occupying large cave passages (> 2 km) are usually troglomorphic, having reduced eyes, fewer ommatidia, larger body size, longer antennae, and reduced pigmentation relative to surface populations. We surveyed five cave stream and 10 surface spring populations for DNA sequence variation in the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS‐1) genes with an aim towards characterizing phylogeographical structure and comparing the nature of genetic variation in cave vs. surface populations. Although standing variation at both loci was rather low within populations, a significant degree of divergence and spatial structuring of populations was observed. Levels of genetic variation within cave and spring populations differed substantially, with caves harbouring significantly less variation at the COI locus than surface springs. Codon usage bias was significantly lower in caves, indicating that cave streams harbour smaller and/or more recently colonized populations. Overall these data indicate limited gene flow among populations and suggest that the cave populations sampled in this study are prone to bottlenecks, possibly due to larger temperature fluctuations and more frequent incidence of drought conditions associated with these particular cave habitats.

Contrasting evolution of diversity at two disease-associated chicken genes - Tim Downing; David J. Lynn; Sarah Connell; Andrew T. Lloyd; AK Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan; Pradeepa Silva; Arifa N. Naqvi; Rahamame Sanfo; Racine-Samba Sow; Baitsi Podisi; Cliona O’Farrelly; Olivier Hanotte; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2009)

Pragmatism and Practice in Classifying Threats: Reply to Balmford et al. - NICK SALAFSKY; STUART H.M. BUTCHART; DANIEL SALZER; ALISON J. STATTERSFIELD; RACHEL NEUGARTEN; CRAIG HILTON‐TAYLOR; BEN COLLEN; LAWRENCE L. MASTER; SHEILA O’CONNOR; DAVID WILKIE (Conservation Biology, 2009)

A suggested approach for design of oak (Quercus L.) regeneration research considering regional differences - Daniel C. Dey; Martin A. Spetich; Dale R. Weigel; Paul S. Johnson; David L. Graney; John M. Kabrick (New Forests, 2009)

Glutamate System Genes Associated with Ventral Prefrontal and Thalamic Volume in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Paul Daniel Arnold; Frank P. MacMaster; Gregory L. Hanna; Margaret A. Richter; Tricia Sicard; Eliza Burroughs; Yousha Mirza; Phillip C. Easter; Michelle Rose; James L. Kennedy; David R. Rosenberg (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2009)

Cryobanking of viable biomaterials: implementation of new strategies for conservation purposes - DOMINIK LERMEN; BRUNHILDE BLÖMEKE; ROBERT BROWNE; ANN CLARKE; PAUL W. DYCE; THOMAS FIXEMER; GÜNTER R. FUHR; WILLIAM V. HOLT; KATARINA JEWGENOW; RHIANNON E. LLOYD; STEFAN LÖTTERS; MARTIN PAULUS; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Cryobanking, the freezing of biological specimens to maintain their integrity for a variety of anticipated and unanticipated uses, offers unique opportunities to advance the basic knowledge of biological systems and their evolution. Notably, cryobanking provides a crucial opportunity to support conservation efforts for endangered species. Historically, cryobanking has been developed mostly in response to human economic and medical needs — these needs must now be extended to biodiversity conservation. Reproduction technologies utilizing cryobanked gametes, embryos and somatic cells are already vital components of endangered species recovery efforts. Advances in modern biological research (e.g. stem cell research, genomics and proteomics) are already drawing heavily on cryobanked specimens, and future needs are anticipated to be immense. The challenges of developing and applying cryobanking for a broader diversity of species were addressed at an international conference held at Trier University (Germany) in June 2008. However, the magnitude of the potential benefits of cryobanking stood in stark contrast to the lack of substantial resources available for this area of strategic interest for biological science — and society at large. The meeting at Trier established a foundation for a strong global incentive to cryobank threatened species. The establishment of an Amphibian Ark cryobanking programme offers the first opportunity for global cooperation to achieve the cryobanking of the threatened species from an entire vertebrate class.

A niche-based modeling approach to phytoplankton community assembly rules - Sofie Spatharis; David Mouillot; Thang Do Chi; Daniel B. Danielidis; George Tsirtsis (Oecologia, 2009)

Disturbance, rainfall and contrasting species responses mediated aboveground biomass response to 11 years of CO 2 enrichment in a Florida scrub‐oak ecosystem - TROY J. SEILER; DANIEL P. RASSE; JIAHONG LI; PAUL DIJKSTRA; HANS P. ANDERSON; DAVID P. JOHNSON; THOMAS L. POWELL; BRUCE A. HUNGATE; C. ROSS HINKLE; BERT G. DRAKE (Global Change Biology, 2009)
This study reports the aboveground biomass response of a fire‐regenerated Florida scrub‐oak ecosystem exposed to elevated CO 2 (1996–2007), from emergence after fire through canopy closure. Eleven years exposure to elevated CO 2 caused a 67% increase in aboveground shoot biomass. Growth stimulation was sustained throughout the experiment; although there was significant variability between years. The absolute stimulation of aboveground biomass generally declined over time, reflecting increasing environmental limitations to long‐term growth response. Extensive defoliation caused by hurricanes in September 2004 was followed by a strong increase in shoot density in 2005 that may have resulted from reopening the canopy and relocating nitrogen from leaves to the nutrient‐poor soil. Biomass response to elevated CO 2 was driven primarily by stimulation of growth of the dominant species, Quercus myrtifolia , while Quercus geminata , the other co‐dominant oak, displayed no significant CO 2 response. Aboveground growth also displayed interannual variation, which was correlated with total annual rainfall. The rainfall × CO 2 interaction was partially masked at the community level by species‐specific responses: elevated CO 2 had an ameliorating effect on Q. myrtifolia growth under water stress. The results of this long‐term study not only show that atmospheric CO 2 concentration had a consistent stimulating effect on aboveground biomass production, but also showed that available water is the primary driver of interannual variation in shoot growth and that the long‐term response to elevated CO 2 may have been caused by other factors such as nutrient limitation and disturbance.

Development of “universal” gene-specific markers from Malus spp. cDNA sequences, their mapping and use in synteny studies within Rosaceae - Daniel J. Sargent; Annalisa Marchese; David W. Simpson; Werner Howad; Felicidad Fernández-Fernández; Amparo Monfort; Pere Arús; Kate M. Evans; Kenneth R. Tobutt (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2009)

Risk remaining from fine particle contaminants after vacuum cleaning of hard floor surfaces - Andrew Hunt; David L. Johnson; J. Brooks; Daniel A. Griffith (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2008)

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel and clopidogrel in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease - C. Steven Ernest; David S. Small; Shashank Rohatagi; Daniel E. Salazar; Lars Wallentin; Kenneth J. Winters; Rebecca E. Wrishko (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2008)

Enhancing the Engagement of U.S. Private Foundations with Conservation Science - ERIKA ZAVALETA; DANIEL C. MILLER; NICK SALAFSKY; ERICA FLEISHMAN; MICHAEL WEBSTER; BARRY GOLD; DAVID HULSE; MARY ROWEN; GARY TABOR; JACK VANDERRYN (Conservation Biology, 2008)
Funding for conservation is limited, and its investment for maximum conservation gain can likely be enhanced through the application of relevant science. Many donor institutions support and use science to pursue conservation goals, but their activities remain relatively unfamiliar to the conservation‐science community. We examined the priorities and practices of U.S.‐based private foundations that support biodiversity conservation. We surveyed 50 donor members of the Consultative Group on Biological Diversity (CGBD) to address three questions: (1) What support do CGBD members provide for conservation science? (2) How do CGBD members use conservation science in their grant making and strategic thinking? (3) How do CGBD members obtain information about conservation science? The 38 donor institutions that responded to the survey made $340 million in grants for conservation in 2005, including $62 million for conservation science. Individual foundations varied substantially in the proportion of conservation funds allocated to science. Foundations also varied in the ways and degree to which they used conservation science to guide their grant making. Respondents found it “somewhat difficult” to stay informed about conservation science relevant to their work, reporting that they accessed conservation science information mainly through their grantees. Many funders reported concerns about the strategic utility of funding conservation science to achieve conservation gains. To increase investment by private foundations in conservation science, funders, researchers, and conservation practitioners need to jointly identify when and how new scientific knowledge will lower barriers to conservation gains. We envision an evolving relationship between funders and conservation scientists that emphasizes primary research and synthesis motivated by (1) applicability, (2) human‐ecosystem interactions, (3) active engagement among scientists and decision makers, and (4) broader communication of relevant scientific information.

Exploring riverine zooplankton in three habitats of the Illinois River ecosystem: Where do they come from? - David H. Wahl; Jodi Goodrich; Michael A. Nannini; John M. Dettmers; Daniel A. Soluk (Limnology and Oceanography, 2008)
We sampled three habitats (main channel, side channels, and backwater lakes) during 2 yr along 32 km of the Illinois River to compare zooplankton distribution and dynamics, as well as evaluate the possible effects of hydrology on taxonomic abundance and distribution. Zooplankton assemblages displayed both spatial and temporal variation. Whereas the riverine zooplankton assemblage was dominated by rotifers, the backwater lake assemblage was dominated by copepods. Zooplankton densities in the main channel peaked earlier in the season in both years than the backwater lake habitats. To determine if these patterns were caused by fluvial exchanges occurring between habitats during flooding, we sampled the connections between the backwater lake and main channel habitats and found that large numbers of zooplankton entered the main channel via these connections. Further, calculations of main channel population growth, birth, and death rates showed that population growth rates most commonly exceeded birth rates during the flooding period. Seasonal inoculums from off‐channel habitats could play an important role in riverine zooplankton dynamics. However, for the main channel to achieve the measured zooplankton densities, ~400,000 backwater lakes would be required and zooplankton would need to travel an unrealistic number of days and distance based on estimated growth rates. Thus, other mechanisms (hatching of resting eggs or in situ reproduction) are likely responsible for zooplankton abundances.

Transcriptional regulation of early B cell development - Daniel L. Northrup; David Allman (Immunologic Research, 2008)

Rapid high-resolution MHC class I genotyping of Chinese rhesus macaques by capillary reference strand-mediated conformational analysis - Alex J. Blasky; Julie A. Karl; Roger W. Wiseman; Daniel S. Read; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2008)

Avian population trends in the vulnerable montane forests of the Northern Appalachians, USA - David I. King; J. Daniel Lambert; John P. Buonaccorsi; Leighlan S. Prout (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2008)

Terminology for Neuroscience Data Discovery: Multi-tree Syntax and Investigator-Derived Semantics - Daniel Gardner; David H. Goldberg; Bernice Grafstein; Adrian Robert; Esther P. Gardner (Neuroinformatics, 2008)

The Neuroscience Information Framework: A Data and Knowledge Environment for Neuroscience - Daniel Gardner; Huda Akil; Giorgio A. Ascoli; Douglas M. Bowden; William Bug; Duncan E. Donohue; David H. Goldberg; Bernice Grafstein; Jeffrey S. Grethe; Amarnath Gupta; Maryam Halavi; David N. Kennedy; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2008)

Microbial community dynamics in uranium contaminated subsurface sediments under biostimulated conditions with high nitrate and nickel pressure - David Moreels; Garry Crosson; Craig Garafola; Denise Monteleone; Safiyh Taghavi; Jeffrey P. Fitts; Daniel van der Lelie (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008)

HIV-1 viral genes and mitochondrial apoptosis - Devon J. Shedlock; Daniel Hwang; Andy Y. Choo; Christopher W. Chung; Karuppiah Muthumani; David B. Weiner (Apoptosis, 2008)

SHIFTS IN SOUTHERN WISCONSIN FOREST CANOPY AND UNDERSTORY RICHNESS, COMPOSITION, AND HETEROGENEITY - David A. Rogers; Thomas P. Rooney; Daniel Olson; Donald M. Waller (Ecology, 2008)
We resurveyed the under‐ and overstory species composition of 94 upland forest stands in southern Wisconsin in 2002–2004 to assess shifts in canopy and understory richness, composition, and heterogeneity relative to the original surveys in 1949–1950. The canopy has shifted from mostly oaks ( Quercus spp.) toward more mesic and shade‐tolerant trees (primarily Acer spp.). Oak‐dominated early‐successional stands and those on coarse, nutrient‐poor soils changed the most in canopy composition. Understories at most sites (80%) lost native species, with mean species density declining 25% at the 1‐m 2 scale and 23.1% at the 20‐m 2 scale. Woody species have increased 15% relative to herbaceous species in the understory despite declining in absolute abundance. Initial canopy composition, particularly the abundance of red oaks ( Quercus rubra and Q. velutina ), predicted understory changes better than the changes observed in the overstory. Overall rates of native species loss were greater in later‐successional stands, a pattern driven by differential immigration rather than differential extirpation. However, understory species initially found in early‐successional habitats declined the most, particularly remnant savanna taxa with narrow or thick leaves. These losses have yet to be offset by compensating increases in native shade‐adapted species. Exotic species have proliferated in prevalence (from 13 to 76 stands) and relative abundance (from 1.2% to 8.4%), but these increases appear unrelated to the declines in native species richness and heterogeneity observed. Although canopy succession has clearly influenced shifts in understory composition and diversity, the magnitude of native species declines and failure to recruit more shade‐adapted species suggest that other factors now act to limit the richness, heterogeneity, and composition of these communities.