Dimethylfuran-Lactone Pheromone from Males of Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla - Robert J. Bartelt; Allard A. Cossé; Bruce W. Zilkowski; David Weisleder; Stephen H. Grode; Robert N. Wiedenmann; Susan L. Post (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2006)

Comparison of muscle buffer capacity and repeated-sprint ability of untrained, endurance-trained and team-sport athletes - Johann Edg e; David Bishop; Stephen Hill-Haas; Brian Dawson; Carmel Goodman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2006)

Relating precipitation and water management to nutrient concentrations in the oligotrophic “upside‐down” estuaries of the Florida Everglades - Daniel L. Childers; Joseph N. Boyer; Stephen E. Davis; Christopher J. Madden; David T. Rudnick; Fred H. Sklar (Limnology and Oceanography, 2006)
We present 8 yr of long‐term water quality, climatological, and water management data for 17 locations in Everglades National Park, Florida. Total phosphorus (P) concentration data from freshwater sites (typically −1 , or 8 µg L −1 ) indicate the oligotrophic, P‐limited nature of this large freshwater—estuarine landscape. Total P concentrations at estuarine sites near the Gulf of Mexico (average ~0.5 µmol L −1 ) demonstrate the marine source for this limiting nutrient. This “upside down” phenomenon, with the limiting nutrient supplied by the ocean and not the land, is a defining characteristic of the Everglade landscape. We present a conceptual model of how the seasonality of precipitation and the management of canal water inputs control the marine P supply, and we hypothesize that seasonal variability in water residence time controls water quality through internal biogeochemical processing. Low freshwater inflows during the dry season increase estuarine residence times, enabling local processes to control nutrient availability and water quality. El Ni#x00F1;o—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events tend to mute the seasonality of rainfall without altering total annual precipitation inputs. The Niño3 ENSO index (which indicates an ENSO event when positive and a La Niña event when negative) was positively correlated with both annual rainfall and the ratio of dry season to wet season precipitation. This ENSO‐driven disruption in seasonal rainfall patterns affected salinity patterns and tended to reduce marine inputs of P to Everglades estuaries. ENSO events also decreased dry season residence times, reducing the importance of estuarine nutrient processing. The combination of variable water management activities and interannual differences in precipitation patterns has a strong influence on nutrient and salinity patterns in Everglades estuaries.

Editorial—Theme issue on oral controlled release development and technology - Stephen A. Howard; David E. Wallick (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2005)

An AFLP-based survey of genetic diversity among accessions of sea oats (Uniola paniculata, Poaceae) from the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coast states of the United States - Prasanta K. Subudhi; Neil P. Parami; Stephen A. Harrison; Michael D. Materne; J. Paul Murphy; David Nash (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005)

Role of Life History Strategy in the Colonisation of Western Australian Aquatic Systems by the Introduced Crayfish Cherax destructor Clark, 1936 - Stephen Beatty; David Morgan; Howard Gill (Hydrobiologia, 2005)

Bioanalytical Method Validation for Macromolecules in Support of Pharmacokinetic Studies - JoMarie Smolec; Binodh DeSilva; Wendell Smith; Russell Weiner; Marian Kelly; Ben Lee; Masood Khan; Richard Tacey; Howard Hill; Abbie Celniker; Vinod Shah; Ronald Bowsher; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2005)

New Insights into Old Lemurs: The Trophic Adaptations of the Archaeolemuridae - Laurie R. Godfrey; Gina M. Semprebon; Gary T. Schwartz; David A. Burney; William L. Jungers; Erin K. Flanagan; Frank P. Cuozzo; Stephen J. King (International Journal of Primatology, 2005)

Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Amount and Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon: Implications for Ultraviolet Exposure in Amphibian Habitats - Paul D. Brooks; Catherine M. O’Reilly; Stephen A. Diamond; Don H. Campbell; Roland Knapp; David Bradford; Paul Stephen Corn; Blake Hossack; Kathy Tonnessen (Ecosystems, 2005)

Estimated Ultraviolet Radiation Doses in Wetlands in Six National Parks - Stephen A. Diamond; Peter C. Trenham; Michael J. Adams; Blake R. Hossack; Roland A. Knapp; Stacey L. Stark; David Bradford; P. Stephen Corn; Ken Czarnowski; Paul D. Brooks; Dan Fagre; Bob Breen; et al. (Ecosystems, 2005)

Phytotoxic and Antifungal Compounds from Two Apiaceae Species, Lomatium californicum and Ligusticum hultenii, Rich Sources of Z-ligustilide and Apiol, Respectively - Kumudini M. Meepagala; George Sturtz; David E. Wedge; Kevin K. Schrader; Stephen O. Duke (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005)

The prevalence of non-indigenous species in southern California embayments and their effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities - J. Ananda. Ranasinghe; Tim K. Mikel; Ronald G. Velarde; Stephen B. Weisberg; David E. Montagne; Donald B. Cadien; Ann Dalkey (Biological Invasions, 2005)

The design and implementation of the immune epitope database and analysis resource - Bjoern Peters; John Sidney; Phil Bourne; Huynh-Hoa Bui; Soeren Buus; Grace Doh; Ward Fleri; Mitch Kronenberg; Ralph Kubo; Ole Lund; David Nemazee; Julia V. Ponomarenko; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2005)

The Seismic Project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program - David H. Oppenheimer; Alex N. Bittenbinder; Barbara M. Bogaert; Raymond P. Buland; Lynn D. Dietz; Roger A. Hansen; Stephen D. Malone; Charles S. McCreery; Thomas J. Sokolowski; Paul M. Whitmore; Craig S. Weaver (Natural Hazards, 2005)

Science, Policy, and Stakeholders: Developing a Consensus Science Plan for Amchitka Island, Aleutians, Alaska - Joanna Burger; Michael Gochfeld; David Kosson; Charles W. Powers; Barry Friedlander; John Eichelberger; David Barnes; Lawrence K. Duffy; Stephen C. Jewett; Conrad D. Volz (Environmental Management, 2005)

Complex interactions between the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha , and the harmful phytoplankter, Microcystis aeruginosa - Orlando Sarnelle; Alan E. Wilson; Stephen K. Hamilton; Lesley B. Knoll; David F. Raikow (Limnology and Oceanography, 2005)
We report a reversal in the sign of the herbivore‐phytoplankton interaction between the zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) and Microcystis aeruginosa , a harmful planktonic cyanobacterium. A pair of large‐scale manipulations of mussel density in the same lake in consecutive years showed that when phosphorus concentrations were very low (mean total phosphorus [TP] ~ 3 µg L −1 ), the effect of Dreissena on the biomass of M. aeruginosa was monotonically negative across the full range of sustainable mussel densities. When the enclosures were fertilized with phosphorus (mean TP ~ 9 µg L −1 ), there was a monotonically positive effect of Dreissena on M. aeruginosa across the same mussel gradient. These contrasting results indicate that D. polymorpha feeds on M. aeruginosa , as shown in previous laboratory feeding experiments, but that the positive effects of D. polymorpha on M. aeruginosa can be larger than the negative effects of consumption. A sign reversal in the interaction between these two species is congruent with highly variable patterns in the response of M. aeruginosa to D. polymorpha invasion across lake and river systems in North America.

Effects of deletion of gria1 or gria2 genes encoding glutamatergic AMPA-receptor subunits on place preference conditioning in mice - Andy N. Mead; Geraldine Brown; Julie Le Merrer; David N. Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

A genomic view of eukaryotic DNA replication - David M. MacAlpine; Stephen P. Bell (Chromosome Research, 2005)

Interaction of metastasis-inducing S100A4 protein in vivo by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy - Shu Zhang; Guozheng Wang; David G. Fernig; Philip S. Rudland; Stephen E. D. Webb; Roger Barraclough; Marisa Martin-Fernandez (European Biophysics Journal, 2005)

Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs ( Rana luteiventris ) is strongly affected by the landscape - W. CHRIS FUNK; MICHAEL S. BLOUIN; PAUL STEPHEN CORN; BRYCE A. MAXELL; DAVID S. PILLIOD; STEPHEN AMISH; FRED W. ALLENDORF (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
Landscape features such as mountains, rivers, and ecological gradients may strongly affect patterns of dispersal and gene flow among populations and thereby shape population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. The landscape may have a particularly strong effect on patterns of dispersal and gene flow in amphibians because amphibians are thought to have poor dispersal abilities. We examined genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in Columbia spotted frogs ( Rana luteiventris ) from 28 breeding ponds in western Montana and Idaho, USA, in order to investigate the effects of landscape structure on patterns of gene flow. We were particularly interested in addressing three questions: (i) do ridges act as barriers to gene flow? (ii) is gene flow restricted between low and high elevation ponds? (iii) does a pond equal a ‘randomly mating population’ (a deme)? We found that mountain ridges and elevational differences were associated with increased genetic differentiation among sites, suggesting that gene flow is restricted by ridges and elevation in this species. We also found that populations of Columbia spotted frogs generally include more than a single pond except for very isolated ponds. There was also evidence for surprisingly high levels of gene flow among low elevation sites separated by large distances. Moreover, genetic variation within populations was strongly negatively correlated with elevation, suggesting effective population sizes are much smaller at high elevation than at low elevation. Our results show that landscape features have a profound effect on patterns of genetic variation in Columbia spotted frogs.

Crown‐stem dimension relationships in two New Zealand native forests - David A. Norton; C. Hamish Cochrane; Stephen D. Reay (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2005)
The relationships between crown and stem dimensions of trees in two South Island, New Zealand, natural forests were investigated to determine whether they might explain differences in tree species composition estimates based on canopy area and basal area. Dacrydium cupressinum , a common canopy emergent at the lowland podocarp forest site, had the strongest relationship between crown and basal area and a significantly shallower slope than two common understorey trees at that site, Weinmannia racemosa and Quintinia acutifolia. Nothofagus solandri , the only canopy species at the montane beech forest site, showed an intermediate slope and level of correlation. We conclude that differences in estimates of species composition can be at least partly explained by species‐specific differences in the relationship between crown area and basal area and that caution is required in interpreting species relative abundances where different methods have been used to quantify abundance. However, the relationships are not strong enough to warrant the calculation of equations for the prediction of crown area from basal area, as has been done for several open‐grown tree species.

Pseudoreplication Problems in Studies of Dolphin and Porpoise Reactions to Pingers - Stephen M. Dawson; David Lusseau (Marine Mammal Science, 2005)

Shoreline tufa and tufaglomerate from Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah, USA: stable isotopic and mineralogical records of lake conditions, processes, and climate - Stephen T. Nelson; M. Jay Wood; Alan L. Mayo; David G. Tingey; Dennis Eggett (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2005)
Shoreline carbonate deposits of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville record the conditions and processes within the lake, including the evaporative balance as well as vertical and lateral chemical and isotopic gradients. Tufas (swash‐zone) and tufaglomerates (cemented, subaqueous colluvium or beachrock) on multiple, well‐developed shorelines near the Silver Island Range, Utah, also present an opportunity to examine physicochemical lake processes through time. Three shorelines are represented by carbonate deposits, including the 23–20 ka Stansbury stage, 15–14.5 ka Bonneville stage, and 14.5–14 ka Provo stage. Mean δ 18 O VSMOW values of all three shorelines are statistically indistinguishable ( ∼ 27 ± 1‰), when a few Bonneville samples of unusual composition are neglected. However, differences in primary carbonate mineralogy indicate that the correspondence is an artefact of the different fractionation factors between calcite or aragonite and water. Second, in order to sustain a much smaller, shallower lake during the colder Stansbury stage, the climate must have also been relatively dry. Third, δ 18 O values in tufa are higher than tufaglomerate by ∼ 0.5‰, consistent with greater evaporative enrichment of lake water in the swash zone. Fourth, mean δ 13 C values for the Provo, Stansbury and Bonneville shorelines (4.4, 5.0 and 5.2‰, respectively) show that carbon species were dominated by atmospheric exchange, with the variations produced by differences in the oxidation of organic matter. Comparisons of shoreline carbonates with deep‐lake marls of the same approximate age indicate that shoreline carbonate was much higher in δ 13 C and δ 18 O values (both ∼ 2.5‰) during Bonneville time, whereas isotopic differences were minor (both ∼ 1‰) in Stansbury time. In particular, the Bonneville stage may have sustained large vertical or lateral isotopic gradients due to evaporative enrichment effects on δ 18 O values. In contrast, the lake during the much shallower Stansbury stage may have been well mixed. Differences in the primary mineralogy (Stansbury and Bonneville, aragonite > calcite; Provo, calcite > aragonite) reflect profound differences in lake chemistry in terms of open versus closed‐basin lakes. The establishment of a continuous outlet during Provo time probably reduced the Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio of lake water. Curiously, regardless of primary mineralogy, tufaglomerate cements are enriched in Na + and Cl − and depleted in Mg 2+ relative to capping tufa of the same age. This probably reflects vital or kinetic effects in the swash zone (tufa). We suspect that ‘abiotic’ effects may have been important in the dark pore space of developing tufaglomerate, where the absence of light suppressed photosynthesis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Theoretical Analysis of Anion Exclusion and Diffusive Transport Through Platy-Clay Soils - David Smith; Peter Pivonka; Christian Jungnickel; Stephen Fityus (Transport in Porous Media, 2004)

The potential use of raman mapping to investigate in vitro deposition of combination pressurized metered-dose inhalers - D. Fraser Steele; Paul M. Young; Robert Price; Timothy Smith; Stephen Edge; David Lewis (The AAPS Journal, 2004)

Individual differences in locomotor reactivity to a novel environment and sensitivity to opioid drugs in the rat. I. Expression of morphine-induced locomotor sensitization - Mikhail Kalinichev; David A. White; Stephen G. Holtzman (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Individual differences in locomotor reactivity to a novel environment and sensitivity to opioid drugs in the rat. II. Agonist-induced antinociception and antagonist-induced suppression of fluid consumption - David A. White; Mikhail Kalinichev; Stephen G. Holtzman (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Modeling Sustainability of Arctic Communities: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Researchers and Local Knowledge Holders - Jack A. Kruse; Robert G. White; Howard E. Epstein; Billy Archie; Matt Berman; Stephen R. Braund; F. Stuart Chapin; Johnny Charlie; Colin J. Daniel; Joan Eamer; Nick Flanders; Brad Griffith; et al. (Ecosystems, 2004)

Simulating the Effect of Landscape Size and Age Structure on Cavity Tree Density Using a Resampling Technique - Zhaofei Fan; Stephen S. Lee; Stephen R. Shifley; Frank R. Thompson III; David R. Larsen (Forest Science, 2004)
Cavity-tree density (CTD) is an important indicator of habitat quality for cavity-dependent wildlife. However, the abundance of cavities and cavity trees can vary dramatically, even among trees or stands with similar attributes. This uncertainty can make it difficult to expand stand-levelestimates of cavity abundance to large landscapes, although it is often desirable to do so. This limits the utility of CTD as a measure of habitat quality. We use a resampling method (statistical bootstrap) to construct a set of regression models to predict CTD based on landscape age structureand landscape size. The estimated regression coefficients are highly variable (in terms of the adjusted R2 and root mean square error) for landscapes <100 ha, but the models perform well for larger landscapes. We test the regression models using an independent data set from theMissouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) and find that the mean relative error (RE) when predicting CTD for landscapes between 300 and 4,000 ha is less than 10%. Both the size (in hectares) of the landscape and the stand age-class components affect RE; but RE decreases with increasinglandscape size in a consistent and quantifiable manner. For Ozark landscapes ≥100 ha, knowledge of the proportion of the area in the seedling/sapling, pole, sawtimber, and old-growth age classes can be used to readily estimate the number of cavity trees and how that number will change ifthe landscape age structure is altered. FOR. SCI. 50(5):603–609.

Plant Tissue Extraction Method for Complexed and Free Cyanide - Joseph T. Bushey; Stephen D. Ebbs; David A. Dzombak (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2004)

Distribution and impacts of introduced freshwater fishes in Western Australia - David L. Morgan; Howard S. Gill; Mark G. Maddern; Stephen J. Beatty (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2004)
This paper presents comprehensive distributional data, from over 1300 sites, on introduced freshwater fishes in Western Australia. Currently, there are 10 species of introduced freshwater fish established in the inland waters of Western Australia. Most of the introduced fishes found here are those that have formed feral populations elsewhere in the world, and include members of the Salmonidae, i.e., rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta); Cyprinidae, i.e., goldfish (Carassius auratus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio); Poeciliidae, i.e., mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) , one‐spot livebearer (Phalloceros caudi‐maculatus) , guppy (Poecilia reticulata) , and swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii); Percidae, i.e., redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) , and Cichlidae, i.e., Mozambique mouthbrooder or tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) . More recently, the eastern Australian silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) (Terapontidae), which was introduced for aquaculture, has been captured in the Swan River near Perth. It is not known whether this population is self‐maintaining. The majority of introduced species are confined to the south‐west, although four and one species have been recorded from the Pilbara and Kimberley, respectively. Some species are extremely common and widespread, e.g., G. holbrooki and P. fluviatilis , whereas others are far more restricted and may be confined to between one and three catchments, e.g., C. carpio, P. caudimaculatus, P. reticulata, X. hellerii, O. mossambicus , and B. bidyanus . The impact of these introduced fishes on native species varies, but ranges from predation, e.g., O. mykiss, S. trutta, G. holbrooki , and P. fluviatilis , to aggressiveness, e.g., G. holbrooki, X. hellerii , and O. mossambicus , and competition for food and habitat.

Selection of Prunus cerasoides D. Don seed trees for forest restoration - Greuk Pakkad; Stephen Elliott; David Blakesley (New Forests, 2004)

Research needs for restoring seasonal tropical forests in Thailand: accelerated natural regeneration - Kate Hardwick; John R. Healey; Stephen Elliott; David Blakesley (New Forests, 2004)

Salmonid Opsin Sequences Undergo Positive Selection and Indicate an Alternate Evolutionary Relationship in Oncorhynchus - David B. Levin; Stephen G. Dann; W. Ted Allison; John S. Taylor; Craig W. Hawryshyn (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2004)

Genetic variation of Prunus cerasoides D. Don, a framework tree species in northern Thailand - Greuk Pakkad; Celia James; Franck Torre; Stephen Elliott; David Blakesley (New Forests, 2004)

Urotensin-II: a novel systemic hypertensive factor in the cat - Kristeen Maniscalco; Gerald P. Stankus; Alexandra Wibberley; Robert N. Willette; Stephen A. Douglas; David J. Behm; Christopher P. A. Doe; Douglas G. Johns (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2004)

Dominance of the noxious cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in low‐nutrient lakes is associated with exotic zebra mussels - David F. Raikow; Orlando Sarnelle; Alan E. Wilson; Stephen K. Hamilton (Limnology and Oceanography, 2004)
To examine the hypothesis that invasion by zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ) promotes phytoplankton dominance by the noxious cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa , 61 Michigan lakes of varying nutrient levels that contain or lack zebra mussels were surveyed during late summer. After accounting for variation in total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, lakes with Dreissena had lower total phytoplankton biomass, as measured by chlorophyll a and algal cell biovolume. Phytoplankton biomass increased with TP in both sets of lakes, although the elevations of the relationship differed. The percentage of the total phytoplankton comprised by cyanobacteria increased with TP in lakes without Dreissena (R 2 = 0.21, P = 0.025) but not in lakes with Dreissena (P = 0.79). Surprisingly, there was a positive influence of Dreissena invasion on Microcystis dominance in lakes with TP ≪ 25 µg L −1 (P 5 0.0018) but not in lakes with TP ≫ 25 µg L −1 (P = 0.86). The finding that Microcystis , a relatively grazing‐resistant component of the phytoplankton, was favored by Dreissena in low‐ but not in high‐nutrient lakes is somewhat counterintuitive, but predator‐prey models make this prediction in certain cases when the cost for the prey of being consumption resistant is a low maximum population growth rate. This Dreissena ‐cyanobacteria interaction contradicts well‐established patterns of increasing cyanobacteria with nutrient enrichment in north‐temperate lakes and suggests that the monitoring and abatement of nutrient inputs to lakes may not be sufficient to predict and control cyanobacterial dominance of Dreissena‐invaded lakes.

Atmospheric Disturbances that Generate Intermittent Turbulence in Nocturnal Boundary Layers - Jielun Sun; Donald H. Lenschow; Sean P. Burns; Robert M. Banta; Rob K. Newsom; Richard Coulter; Stephen Frasier; Turker Ince; Carmen Nappo; Ben B. Balsley; Michael Jensen; Larry Mahrt; et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004)

Genetic diversity of Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC. in northern Thailand and the selection of seed trees for forest restoration - David Blakesley; Greuk Pakkad; Celia James; Franck Torre; Stephen Elliott (New Forests, 2004)

Phylogeography and subspecies assessment of vicuñas in Chile and Bolivia utilizing mtDNA and microsatellite markers: implications for vicuña conservation and management - Ronald J. Sarno; Lilian Villalba; Cristian Bonacic; Benito Gonzalez; Beatriz Zapata; David W. Mac Donald; Stephen J. O'Brien; Warren E. Johnson (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

Black root rot: a pandemic in Australian cotton - David B. Nehl; Stephen J. Allen; Anowar H. Mondal; Peter A. Lonergan (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2004)

Controls of fluid chemistry and complexation on rare-earth element contents of anhydrite from the Pacmanus subseafloor hydrothermal system, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea - Wolfgang Bach; Stephen Roberts; David A. Vanko; Ray A. Binns; Chris J. Yeats; Paul R. Craddock; Susan E. Humphris (Mineralium Deposita, 2003)

The predictive accuracy of population viability analysis: a test using data from two small mammal species in a fragmented landscape - Stephen J. Ball; David B. Lindenmayer; Hugh P. Possingham (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003)

Genome mosaicism is conserved but not unique in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the airways of young children with cystic fibrosis - Robert K. Ernst; David A. D′Argenio; Jeffrey K. Ichikawa; M. Gita Bangera; Sara Selgrade; Jane L. Burns; Peter Hiatt; Karen McCoy; Mitchell Brittnacher; Arnold Kas; David H. Spencer; Maynard V. Olson; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are phenotypically and genotypically diverse. Using strain PAO1 whole genome DNA microarrays, we assessed the genomic variation in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from young children with CF (6 months to 8 years of age) as well as from the environment. Eighty‐nine to 97% of the PAO1 open reading frames were detected in 20 strains by microarray analysis, while subsets of 38 gene islands were absent or divergent. No specific pattern of genome mosaicism defined strains associated with CF. Many mosaic regions were distinguished by their low G + C content; their inclusion of phage related or pyocin genes; or by their linkage to a vgr gene or a tRNA gene. Microarray and phenotypic analysis of sequential isolates from individual patients revealed two deletions of greater than 100 kbp formed during evolution in the lung. The gene loss in these sequential isolates raises the possibility that acquisition of pyomelanin production and loss of pyoverdin uptake each may be of adaptive significance. Further characterization of P. aeruginosa diversity within the airways of individual CF patients may reveal common adaptations, perhaps mediated by gene loss, that suggest new opportunities for therapy.

In situ Monitoring of Wet Granulation Using Online X-Ray Powder Diffraction - Tiffani D. Davis; Kenneth R. Morris; Huapeng Huang; Garnet E. Peck; Joseph G. Stowell; Bradley J. Eisenhauer; Jon L. Hilden; David Gibson; Stephen R. Byrn (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Phylogenetic analysis of the microbial populations in the wild herbivore gastrointestinal tract: insights into an unexplored niche - Karen E. Nelson; Stephen H. Zinder; Ioana Hance; Patrick Burr; David Odongo; Delia Wasawo; Agnes Odenyo; Richard Bishop (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary At present, there is little information on the phylogenetic diversity of microbial species that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of wildlife. To increase understanding in this area, we initiated a characterization of the bacterial diversity in the digestive tracts of three wild African ruminant species namely eland ( Taurotragus oryx ), Thompson's gazelle ( Gazella rufifrons ) and Grant's gazelle ( Gazella granti ), together with a domesticated ruminant species, zebu cattle ( Bos indicus ), and a non‐ruminant species, zebra ( Equus quagga ). Bacterial diversity was analysed by PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. A total of 252 full‐length 16S rDNA sequences averaging 1500 base pairs (bp) in length, and an additional 27 partial sequences were obtained and subject to phylogenetic analysis. Using a 98% criterion for similarity, all except for one of the sequences were derived from distinct phylotypes. At least 24 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTU′s) could be identified, with the majority of these sequences representing hitherto uncharacterized species and genera. The sequences were generally affiliated with four major bacterial phyla, the majority being members of the Firmicutes (low G+C Gram‐positives) related to the genera Clostridium and Ruminococcus . By contrast, with earlier studies using 16S rDNA sequences to assess biodiversity in Bos taurus dairy cattle, Gram‐negative bacteria in the Bacteroidales ( Prevotella‐Bacteroides group) were poorly represented. The lack of redundancy in the 16S rDNA dataset from the five African ungulate species, and the presence of novel sequences not previously described from the gastrointestinal tract of any animal species, highlights the level of diversity that exists in these ecosystems and raises the question as to the functional role of these species in the gastrointestinal tract.

Early postfire seed dispersal, seedling establishment and seedling mortality of Pinus coulteri (D. Don) in central coastal California, USA - Mark Borchert; Matthew Johnson; David S. Schreiner; Stephen B. Vander Wall (Plant Ecology, 2003)

Developing Inflorescences of Male and Female Rumex acetosa L. Show Differences in Gibberellin Content - Tania S. Stokes; Stephen J. Croker; David E. Hanke (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2003)

Sequence variation in the CHAT locus shows no association with late-onset Alzheimer's disease - Denise Harold; Timothy Peirce; Valentina Moskvina; Simon Lovestone; John Powell; Catherine Foy; Nicola Archer; Sarah Walter; Amanda Edmonson; Stephen McIlroy; David Craig; Peter A. Passmore; et al. (Human Genetics, 2003)

Effect of sampling strategy on measures of V?O2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems - David W. Hill; Lindsay P. Stephens; Sonja A. Blumoff-Ross; David C. Poole; Jimmy C. Smith (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003)

Rediscovery of the ‘extinct’ Lord Howe Island stick-insect (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier)) (Phasmatodea) and recommendations for its conservation - David Priddel; Nicholas Carlile; Margaret Humphrey; Stephen Fellenberg; Dean Hiscox (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003)

Neuroscience data and tool sharing - Peter Eckersley; Gary F. Egan; Erik De Schutter; Tang Yiyuan; Mirko Novak; Vaclav Sebesta; Line Matthiessen; Irio P. Jaaskelainen; Ulla Ruotsalainen; Andreas V. M. Herz; Klaus-Peter Hoffmann; Raphael Ritz; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2003)

Studies on high-temperature amination reactions of aromatic chlorides using discrete Palladium-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) complexes and in situ palladium/imidazolium salt protocols - Andrew J. McCarroll; David A. Sandham; Lisa R. Titcomb; Alexandra K. de K. Lewis; F. Geoffrey N. Cloke; Brian P. Davies; Alejandro Perez de Santana; Wolfgang Hiller; Stephen Caddick (Molecular Diversity, 2003)

Enhancing anthocyanin production by altering competition for substrate between flavonol synthase and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase - Kevin M. Davies; Kathy E. Schwinn; Simon C. Deroles; David G. Manson; David H. Lewis; Stephen J. Bloor; J. Marie Bradley (Euphytica, 2003)

Haplotype diversity in the interleukin-4 gene is not associated with HIV-1 transmission and AIDS progression - William S. Modi; Thomas R. O'Brien; David Vlahov; Susan Buchbinder; Edward Gomperts; John Phair; Stephen J. O'Brien; Cheryl Winkler (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Functional ecology of shrub seedlings after a natural recruitment event at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility - DAVID C. HOUSMAN; STEPHEN F. ZITZER; TRAVIS E. HUXMAN; STANLEY D. SMITH (Global Change Biology, 2003)
Seedling recruitment is an important determinant of community structure in desert ecosystems. Positive photosynthetic growth and water balance responses to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations ([CO 2 ]) are predicted to be substantial in desert plants, suggesting that recruitment could be stimulated. However, to date no studies have addressed the response of perennial plant recruitment in natural populations of desert shrubs exposed to elevated [CO 2 ]. In April 1997, we employed Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) in order to increase atmospheric [CO 2 ] in an undisturbed Mojave Desert ecosystem from ambient (∼∼ 370 µmol mol −1 ) to elevated CO 2 (∼∼ 550 µmol mol −1 ). From 1997 to 2001 we seasonally examined survival, growth, gas exchange and water potential responses of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa seedlings that germinated in Fall, 1997. Recruitment densities were not influenced by [CO 2 ] in either species, although a two‐fold higher adult Ambrosia density under elevated [CO 2 ] resulted in two‐fold higher seedling density (0.87 vs 0.40 seedlings m −2 ). Mortality was greatest for both species during the first summer (1998), despite above‐average rainfall during the previous Winter–Spring. A significant [CO 2 ] × time interaction revealed that early survival was greater under elevated CO 2 , whereas a significant species time interaction revealed that overall survival was greater for Ambrosia (28%) than for Larrea ( 15%), regardless of [CO 2 ]. Microsite (understorey or interspace) alone had no significant influence on survival. Significant species, microsite and species × microsite effects on growth (seedling height, stem diameter and canopy size) were found, but elevated CO 2 had minimal impact on these parameters. Photosynthetic rates ( A sat ) for both species were higher at elevated [CO 2 ] during certain seasons, but not consistently so. These results suggest that increased atmospheric [CO 2 ] may enhance carbon (C) assimilation and survival of aridland perennial shrubs during favourable growing conditions, but that it may not counteract the effects of prolonged drought on mortality.

Modelling space use and dispersal of mammals in real landscapes: a tool for conservation - David W. Macdonald; Stephen Rushton (Journal of Biogeography, 2003)
Aim To explore the usefulness of Spatially Explicit Population Models (SEPMs), incorporating dispersal, as tools for animal conservation, as illustrated by the contrasting cases of four British mammals. Methods For each of the four species (American mink, Mustela vison, pine marten, Martes martes, dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius and water vole, Arvicola terrestris ) a spatial dynamics model was developed based on an integrated geographical information system (GIS) population model that linked space use to the incidence of the species. Each model had, first, a GIS, which stored environmental, habitat and animal population information, and secondly, an individual‐based population dynamics module, which simulated home range formation, individual life histories and dispersal within the GIS‐held landscape. Results The four models illustrated different interactions between species life‐history variables and the landscape, particularly with respect to dispersal. As water voles and dormice occupy home ranges that are small relative to blocks of their habitat, they were most effectively modelled in terms of the dynamics of local populations within habitat blocks but linked by dispersal. In contrast, because the home ranges of American mink and pine marten are large relative to blocks of habitat, they were best modelled as individuals moving through a landscape of more or less useful patches of habitat. For the water vole, the most significant predictors of population size were the carrying capacity of each habitat and the annual number of litters. For the dormouse, the likelihood of catastrophe and the upper limit to dispersal movement were the key variables determining persistence. Adult mortality and home‐range size were the only significant partial correlates of total population size for the American mink. Adult mortality was also a significant correlate of total population size in the pine marten, as were litter size and juvenile mortality. In neither the marten nor the mink was dispersal distance a significant factor in determining their persistence in the landscape. Main conclusions At a landscape scale it is difficult to measure animal distributions directly and yet conservation planning often necessitates knowledge of where, and in what numbers, animals are found, and how their distributions will be affected by interventions. SEPMs offer a useful tool for predicting this, and for refining conservation plans before irreversible decisions are taken in practice.

Development of the hypanthium and androecium in South American Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae) - Stephen R. Belsham; David A. Orlovich (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Floral organogeny and development are described for three species of South American Myrtoideae: Acca sellowiana, Luma apiculata, and Ugni molinae. The flowers have large numbers of stamens which vary in size but are all initiated on the flank of the invaginated apex. The floral architecture is the result of the degree of synchrony of the timing of stamen initiation and hypanthial expansion. In A. sellowiana and U. molinae, stamen initiation is synchronised with hypanthial expansion, resulting in the even distribution of stamens over the entire hypanthial surface. Stamens of L. apiculata are initiated during and after hypanthial expansion, resulting in a discontinuous ring of stamens at the periphery of the hypanthium. Development in these species is in contrast to New Zealand Myrtoideae, where stamen initiation is complete prior to the completion of hypanthial expansion, resulting in the inner‐most stamens forming a discontinuous ring.

Light interacts with auxin during leaf elongation and leaf angle development in young corn seedlings - Martin Fellner; Lindsey A. Horton; Allison E. Cocke; Nicholas R. Stephens; David E. Ford; Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh (Planta, 2003)

Managing Troubled Data: Coastal Data Partnerships Smooth Data Integration - Stephen S. Hale; Anne Hale Miglarese; M. Patricia Bradley; Thomas J. Belton; Larry D. Cooper; Michael T. Frame; Christopher A. Friel; Linda M. Harwell; Robert E. King; William K. Michener; David T. Nicolson; Bruce G. Peterjohn (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Variability in the Identification and Enumeration of Marine Benthic Invertebrate Samples and Its Effect on Benthic Assessment Measures - J. Ananda Ranasinghe; David E. Montagne; Stephen B. Weisberg; Mary Bergen; Ronald G. Velarde (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Arachidonic acid requirements in larval summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus - Stephen Willey; David A. Bengtson; Moti Harel (Aquaculture International, 2003)

Development of the hypanthium and androecium in New Zealand Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae) - Stephen R. Belsham; David A. Orlovich (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
Floral organogeny and stamen development are described for three species of New Zealand Myrtoideae not examined previously: Lophomyrtus bullata, L. obcordata, and Neomyrtus pedunculata. The flowers have numerous stamens, which are initiated on the flank of an invaginated floral apex. The stamen primordia are initiated relatively early after petal initiation and continue to initiate on the flank until all of the space is occupied. The hypanthium has a critical role in the development of antesepalous stamens and their direction of growth in the mature flower. The hypanthium also has a role in the final position of the petals and sepals in the mature flower. This work supports the current view that floral architecture in the Myrtaceae is the result of timing and duration of stamen initiation and the enlargement of the hypanthium. This is the first in‐depth study of floral development in fleshy‐fruited Myrtaceae.

Research needs for restoring tropical forests in Southeast Asia for wildlife conservation: framework species selection and seed propagation - David Blakesley; Kate Hardwick; Stephen Elliott (New Forests, 2002)

Effect of CGP39551 administration on the kindling of ethanol-withdrawal seizures - Tamzin Ripley; Sarah Dunworth; David Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2002)

The natriuretic effect of glibenclamide: evidence for a non-luminal site of action - Matthew Bailey; David Shirley; Christopher Stocking; Jonathan Slater; Stephen Walter (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2002)

Lithium carbonate as a potential pharmacological vehicle: intravenous kinetics of single-dose administration in healthy subjects - Stephen Waring; David Webb; Simon Maxwell (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2002)

A meta‐analysis of elevated [CO 2 ] effects on soybean ( Glycine max ) physiology, growth and yield - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth; Phillip A. Davey; Carl J. Bernacchi; Orla C. Dermody; Emily A. Heaton; David J. Moore; Patrick B. Morgan; Shawna L. Naidu; Hyung‐shim Yoo Ra; Xin‐guang Zhu; Peter S. Curtis; Stephen P. Long (Global Change Biology, 2002)
The effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on 25 variables describing soybean physiology, growth and yield are reviewed using meta‐analytic techniques. This is the first meta‐analysis to our knowledge performed on a single crop species and summarizes the effects of 111 studies. These primary studies include numerous soybean growth forms, various stress and experimental treatments, and a range of elevated [CO 2 ] levels (from 450 to 1250 p.p.m.), with a mean of 689 p.p.m. across all studies. Stimulation of soybean leaf CO 2 assimilation rate with growth at elevated [CO 2 ] was 39%, despite a 40% decrease in stomatal conductance and a 11% decrease in Rubisco activity. Increased leaf CO 2 uptake combined with an 18% stimulation in leaf area to provide a 59% increase in canopy photosynthetic rate. The increase in total dry weight was lower at 37%, and seed yield still lower at 24%. This shows that even in an agronomic species selected for maximum investment in seed, several plant level feedbacks prevent additional investment in reproduction, such that yield fails to reflect fully the increase in whole plant carbon uptake. Large soil containers (> 9 L) have been considered adequate for assessing plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. However, in open‐top chamber experiments, soybeans grown in large pots showed a significant threefold smaller stimulation in yield than soybeans grown in the ground. This suggests that conclusions about plant yield based on pot studies, even when using very large containers, are a poor reflection of performance in the absence of any physical restriction on root growth. This review supports a number of current paradigms of plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. Namely, stimulation of photosynthesis is greater in plants that fix N and have additional carbohydrate sinks in nodules. This supports the notion that photosynthetic capacity decreases when plants are N‐limited, but not when plants have adequate N and sink strength. The root : shoot ratio did not change with growth at elevated [CO 2 ], sustaining the charge that biomass allocation is unaffected by growth at elevated [CO 2 ] when plant size and ontogeny are considered.

A new mouse mutant, skijumper - Majid Hafezparast; Simon Ball; Sharon J. Nicholson; Abi Witherden; Demet Arac; Neil Broadway; David Saggerson; Edwin Cooper; Mahmoud Naase; Stephen Gokhale; Patti Quant; Carol Lascelles; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2002)

Quorum sensing, recruitment, and collective decision-making during colony emigration by the ant Leptothorax albipennis - Stephen Pratt; Eamonn Mallon; David Sumpter; Nigel Franks (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2002)

The influence of host dynamics on the clonal composition of Escherichia coli populations - Stephen A. Davis; David M. Gordon (Environmental Microbiology, 2002)
Summary Species, be they plant or animal, vary in their capacity for population growth or decline. Populations of the same species may also differ in their capacity for population change. A series of mathematical models were developed with the aim of determining if host population dynamics could influence the clonal composition of the Escherichia coli community in that host population. The biological assumptions underlying the models are described in some detail. Analytical and numerical approaches were used to investigate the behaviour of these models. The results demonstrate that host dynamics can have a profound influence on the E. coli clonal composition of the host population. This outcome is largely independent of the nature of the assumptions underlying the models. The ways in which the predictions of these models may be tested empirically are discussed, as are the implications of these models for understanding the nature of host–bacterial pathogen dynamics.

Sequence Variation in the Gene Encoding the Nonstructural 3 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus: Evidence for Immune Selection - Huiru Wang; Tonghua Bian; Stephen J. Merrill; David D. Eckels (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2002)

Provision of cues to signal a withdrawal US prevents the US pre-exposure effect in a diazepam-withdrawal conditioned taste aversion - Sarah Dunworth; David Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2002)

Changes in muscle tissue of shrinking Antarctic krill - Angela F. McGaffin; Stephen Nicol; David A. Ritz (Polar Biology, 2002)

The data-into-information pathway for coastal studies: Introduction - David R. Green; Stephen D. King (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2002)

Comparison of euphausiid population size estimates obtained using replicated acoustic surveys of coastal inlets and block average vs. geostatistical spatial interpolation methods - Stephen J. Romaine; David L. Mackas; Michael C. Macaulay (Fisheries Oceanography, 2002)
Because of their intense patchiness, euphausiid spatial distributions and stock sizes are often assessed using echosounder surveys. However, statistical error bars appropriate for individual survey results are not well known. We quantified these by examining the statistical repeatability of acoustic estimates of total euphausiid biomass within two enclosed fjords adjoining the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Within each inlet, paired and replicated `mirror image' zig‐zag survey tracks provided sets of closely spaced backscatter profiles along the survey lines. Local stock density (biomass per unit area) was calculated by vertical integration across the euphausiid scattering layer. Total inlet population size was then estimated by horizontal interpolation and integration of the local measurements, both by block averaging and by geostatistical interpolation (kriging). By assuming no change in true population biomass over the short time interval separating replicate surveys, we could then estimate statistical precision by analysis‐of‐variance comparison among replicate survey grids. For the partial surveys (one or the other half of the mirror‐image paired grid) multiplicative error bars were about a factor of 1.5 for Jervis Inlet and 1.7 for Saanich Inlet. Use of the full surveys (both parts of the mirror‐image pair, roughly doubling the number of measurements in each estimate) reduced the error to about factor of 1.35 for Jervis but only to about 1.65 for Saanich. Statistical precision was similar for the block average vs. kriging interpolation and integration methods, however, kriging provided additional useful information about spatial pattern within the inlets.

Propagating framework trees to restore seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Thailand - Stephen Elliott; Cherdsak Kuarak; Puttipong Navakitbumrung; Sudarat Zangkum; Vilaiwan Anusarnsunthorn; David Blakesley (New Forests, 2002)

Nucleic acid vaccines - Brent S. McKenzie; Alexandra J. Corbett; Jamie L. Brady; Christopher M. Dyer; Richard A. Strugnell; Stephen J. Kent; David R. Kramer; Jefferey S. Boyle; Andrew M. Lew (Immunologic Research, 2001)

Effects of nitrogen supply on phenology and carbon assimilation in young Nothofagus fusca - David W. Stephens; David Whitehead; Matthew H. Turnbull; Peter Millard (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2001)
Measurements of stem, bud, and leaf growth and leaf loss were made on young Nothofagus fusca , grown in sand while irrigated with high (6 m M ), medium (3 m M ), and low (0.5 m M ) concentrations of nitrogen, during two successive annual growth cycles. There were differences between treatments in the nitrogen concentration per unit leaf mass and area, and specific leaf area, in the first cycle but not during the second cycle. During the first cycle, increasing nitrogen supply resulted in increased leaf number, larger average leaf size, and the number and mass of buds. During the second cycle this resulted in increased leaf number, but not average leaf size, with increasing nitrogen supply. There were no differences in mafimum rates of photosynthesis or values for photosynthetic parameters between the treatments. The number of leaves falling during late summer and autumn increased with nitrogen supply. Support for this as a response to summer water deficit was provided from measurements of the carbon isotope ratios of the leaves.

Rapid in vivo functional analysis of transgenes in mice using whole body imaging of luciferase expression - Weisheng Zhang; Jian Q. Feng; Stephen E. Harris; Pamela R. Contag; David K. Stevenson; Christopher H. Contag (Transgenic Research, 2001)

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from magpies ( Pica pica ) and rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) from west Wales - David M. Livermore; Marina Warner; Lucinda M. C. Hall; Virve I. Enne; Stephen J. Projan; Paul M. Dunman; Sarah L. Wooster; Graham Harrison (Environmental Microbiology, 2001)
Summary The prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in wild animal and bird populations is largely unknown, with little consistency among the few published reports. We therefore examined intestinal bacteria from magpies ( Pica pica ) and rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) collected in rural west Wales. Escherichia coli isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics were grown from eight of 20 magpies trapped in spring, 1999 and one of 17 in spring, 2000; the most prevalent resistance trait among these isolates was to tetracycline, but resistances to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and trimethoprim were also found. Tetracycline‐resistant Enterococcus spp. were found in one of 20 magpies in 1999 and three of 17 in 2000. Only one resistant E. coli isolate was detected among gut bacteria from 13 rabbits, and this strain was resistant only to tetracycline. Differences in the prevalence of resistance between bacteria from rabbits and magpies may reflect differences in diet: rabbits graze field edges, whereas magpies are omnivorous and opportunistic. The resistance genes found in E. coli isolates from magpies mostly corresponded to those common among human isolates, but those conferring tetracycline resistance were unique.

Fine mapping of Ath6, a quantitative trait locus for atherosclerosis in mice - Maureen K. Purcell; Jian-Long Mu; David C. Higgins; Ramu Elango; Harry Whitmore; Stephen Harris; Beverly Paigen (Mammalian Genome, 2001)

A Method for Setting the Size of Plant Conservation Target Areas - Mark A. Burgman; Hugh P. Possingham; A. Jasmyn J. Lynch; David A. Keith; Michael A. McCarthy; Stephen D. Hopper; Wendy L. Drury; Jason A. Passioura; Robert J. Devries (Conservation Biology, 2001)
Realistic time frames in which management decisions are made often preclude the completion of the detailed analyses necessary for conservation planning. Under these circumstances, efficient alternatives may assist in approximating the results of more thorough studies that require extensive resources and time. We outline a set of concepts and formulas that may be used in lieu of detailed population viability analyses and habitat modeling exercises to estimate the protected areas required to provide desirable conservation outcomes for a suite of threatened plant species. We used expert judgment of parameters and assessment of a population size that results in a specified quasiextinction risk based on simple dynamic models. The area required to support a population of this size is adjusted to take into account deterministic and stochastic human influences, including small‐scale disturbance, deterministic trends such as habitat loss, and changes in population density through processes such as predation and competition. We set targets for different disturbance regimes and geographic regions. We applied our methods to Banksia cuneata, Boronia keysii, and Parsonsia dorrigoensis, resulting in target areas for conservation of 1102, 733, and 1084 ha, respectively. These results provide guidance on target areas and priorities for conservation strategies.

Central effects of urotensin-II following ICV administration in rats - Jane Gartlon; Frederick Parker; David Harrison; Stephen Douglas; Tracey Ashmeade; Graham Riley; Zoe Hughes; Stephen Taylor; Richard Munton; Jim Hagan; Jackie Hunter; Declan Jones (Psychopharmacology, 2001)

Feeding, egg production, and egg hatching success of the copepods Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis on diets of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and the non-toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens - Jean A. Lincoln; Jefferson T. Turner; Stephen S. Bates; Claude Léger; David A. Gauthier (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

Microsatellite DNA markers for tuatara (Sphenodon spp.) - Nicola Aitken; Jennifer M. Hay; Stephen D. Sarre; David M. Lambert; Charles H. Daugherty (Conservation Genetics, 2001)

Influence of along‐shore advection and upwelling on coastal temperature at Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand - Stephen M. Chiswell; David R. Schiel (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2001)
Thermistor data from around Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand, show that in the synoptic band, temperature fluctuations at 1 m are coherent with the along‐shore wind with a 90° phase difference. At 5 m, however, the coherence is not as high, and the phase relationship is in the opposite sense. Along this coast, wind‐driven advection of the coastal current and upwelling have opposite effects on temperature. A simple model is developed which has along‐shore advection and upwelling terms parameterised in terms of the wind and two unknown coefficients. Solving for the coefficients shows that at 1 m, temperature variability is determined by along‐shore advection, whereas at 5 m, temperature variability is determined principally by upwelling.

Effects of seedling size, El Niño drought, seedling density, and distance to nearest conspecific adult on 6-year survival of Ocotea whitei seedlings in Panamá - Gregory S. Gilbert; Kyle E. Harms; David N. Hamill; Stephen P. Hubbell (Oecologia, 2001)

Bivalve diets in a midwestern U.S. stream: A stable isotope enrichment study - David F. Raikow; Stephen K. Hamilton (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
This study examined a community of stream bivalves (unionids and fingernail clams) in a second‐order woodland stream in southern Michigan using both the natural abundance of 15 N and a 6‐week whole‐stream 15 N enrichment experiment, as part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX). Objectives included addressing what made up the diet of these bivalves and whether suspended algae consumed by bivalves were derived from pelagic phytoplankton imported from an upstream lake or attached algae sloughed from instream surfaces. Within the examination of bivalve diets, we considered whether suspension‐ and/or deposit‐feeding modes were employed and whether bivalves selectively assimilated the algal and microbial portions of bulk material they ingested. All 12 unionid species reached a level of 15 N enrichment greater than the bulk suspended organic matter. Sphaerium striatinum (Sphaeriidae) were enriched to levels greater than all presumed food sources. Suspended algae were derived both from sloughed epilithon and pelagic phytoplankton originating from lentic waters upstream. A mixing model suggested that unionids were consuming 80% deposited and 20% suspended material. Alternatively, these bivalves were preferentially assimilating the highly enriched living component of suspended and/or benthic organic matter rather than assimilating the bulk material. These results advance our understanding of freshwater bivalve‐feeding ecology, which is necessary if conservation efforts of these increasingly threatened organisms are to succeed.

A Mechanistic Model of Acute Platelet Accumulation in Thrombogenic Stenoses - David M. Wootton; Christos P. Markou; Stephen R. Hanson; David N. Ku (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001)

Relationship between depth, sediment, latitude, and the structure of benthic infaunal assemblages on the mainland shelf of southern California - Mary Bergen; Stephen B. Weisberg; Robert W. Smith; Donald B. Cadien; Ann Dalkey; David E. Montagne; Janet K. Stull; Ronald G. Velarde; J. Ananda Ranasinghe (Marine Biology, 2001)

Stabililty and change in ultramafic fellfield vegatation at the Keen of Hamar, Shetland, Scotland - David R. Slingsby; John Proctor; Stephen P. Carter (Plant Ecology, 2001)

Distribution of natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor sequences in three ethnic groups - Dasnayanee Chandanayingyong; Robert W. Vaughan; David H. Verity; Paul J. Norman; Henry A.F. Stephens (Immunogenetics, 2001)

Fractional Dispersion, Lévy Motion, and the MADE Tracer Tests - David A. Benson; Rina Schumer; Mark M. Meerschaert; Stephen W. Wheatcraft (Transport in Porous Media, 2001)

Effects of moist chilling and solid matrix priming on germination of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds - Luguang Wu; Stephen W. Hallgren; David M. Ferris; Kenneth E. Conway (New Forests, 2001)

Visualising active volcanism with high spatial resolution satellite data: the 1991-1993 eruption of Mount Etna - Robert Wright; David A. Rothery; Stephen Blake; David C. Pieri (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2000)

On spatiotemporal patchiness and the coexistence of five species of Chronogaster (Nematoda: Chronogasteridae) in a riparian wetland - Christien H. Ettema; Stephen L. Rathbun; David C. Coleman (Oecologia, 2000)

Development of microsatellite markers in the guanaco, Lama guanicoe : utility for South American camelids - Ronald J. Sarno; Victor A. David; William L. Franklin; Stephen J. O’Brien; Warren E. Johnson (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Long‐term dynamics of pine and hardwood litter in contrasting environments: toward a global model of decomposition - Henry L. Gholz; David A. Wedin; Stephen M. Smitherman; Mark E. Harmon; William J. Parton (Global Change Biology, 2000)
Summary We analysed data on mass loss after five years of decomposition in the field from both fine root and leaf litters from two highly contrasting trees, Drypetes glauca , a tropical hardwood tree from Puerto Rico, and pine species from North America as part of the Long‐Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment (LIDET). LIDET is a reciprocal litterbag study involving the transplanting of litter from 27 species across 28 sites in North and Central America reflecting a wide variety of natural and managed ecosystems and climates, from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforest. After 5 years, estimated k ‐values ranged from 0.032 to 3.734, lengths of Phase I (to 20% mass remaining) from 0.49 to 47.92 years, and fractional mass remaining from 0 to 0.81. Pine litter decomposed more slowly than Drypetes litter, supporting the notion of strong control of substrate quality over decomposition rates. Climate exerted strong and consistent effects on decomposition. Neither mean annual temperature or precipitation alone explained the global pattern of decomposition; variables including both moisture availability and temperature (i.e. actual evapotranspiration and DEFAC from the CENTURY model) were generally more robust than single variables. Across the LIDET range, decomposition of fine roots exhibited a Q 10 of 2 and was more predictable than that of leaves, which had a higher Q 10 and greater variability. Roots generally decomposed more slowly than leaves, regardless of genus, but the ratio of above‐ to belowground decomposition rates differed sharply across ecosystem types. Finally, Drypetes litter decomposed much more rapidly than pine litter in ‘broadleaved habitats’ than in ‘conifer habitats’, evidence for a ‘home‐field advantage’ for this litter. These results collectively suggest that relatively simple models can predict decomposition based on litter quality and regional climate, but that ecosystem‐specific problems may add complications.

Assessment of Benthic Infaunal Condition on the Mainland Shelf of Southern California - Mary Bergen; Don Cadien; Ann Dalkey; David E. Montagne; Robert W. Smith; Janet K. Stull; Ronald G. Velarde; Stephen B. Weisberg (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000)

The effects of Holocene barrier-island evolution on water-table elevations, Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA - William P. Anderson; David G. Evans; Stephen W. Snyder (Hydrogeology Journal, 2000)

Sequence and Functional Analysis of a Homolog of Interleukin-10 Encoded by the Parapoxvirus Orf Virus - Stephen B. Fleming; David M. Haig; Peter Nettleton; Hugh W. Reid; Catherine A. McCaughan; Lyn M. Wise; Andrew A. Mercer (Virus Genes, 2000)

Regional Patterns of Streamwater Acidity and Catchment Afforestation in Galloway, SW Scotland - Christoph B. Puhr; Daniel N. M. Donoghue; Alastair B. Stephen; David J. Tervet; Callum Sinclair (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2000)

Seasonal soil‐surface carbon fluxes from the root systems of young Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient and elevated CO 2 concentration - Stephen M. Thomas; Freeman J. Cook; David Whitehead; John A. Adams (Global Change Biology, 2000)
Summary Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration may result in increased below‐ground carbon allocation by trees, thereby altering soil carbon cycling. Seasonal estimates of soil surface carbon flux were made to determine whether carbon losses from Pinus radiata trees growing at elevated CO 2 concentration were higher than those at ambient CO 2 concentration, and whether this was related to increased fine root growth. Monthly soil surface carbon flux density ( f ) measurements were made on plots with trees growing at ambient (350) and elevated (650 μmol mol −1 ) CO 2 concentration in large open‐top chambers. Prior to planting the soil carbon concentration (0.1%) and f (0.28 μmol m −2 s −1 at 15 °C) were low. A function describing the radial pattern of f with distance from tree stems was used to estimate the annual carbon flux from tree plots. Seasonal estimates of fine root production were made from minirhizotrons and the radial distribution of roots compared with radial measurements of f . A one‐dimensional gas diffusion model was used to estimate f from soil CO 2 concentrations at four depths. For the second year of growth, the annual carbon flux from the plots was 1671 g y −1 and 1895 g y −1 at ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations, respectively, although this was not a significant difference. Higher f at elevated CO 2 concentration was largely explained by increased fine root biomass. Fine root biomass and stem production were both positively related to f. Both root length density and f declined exponentially with distance from the stem, and had similar length scales. Diurnal changes in f were largely explained by changes in soil temperature at a depth of 0.05 m. Ignoring the change of f with increasing distance from tree stems when scaling to a unit ground area basis from measurements with individual trees could result in under‐ or overestimates of soil‐surface carbon fluxes, especially in young stands when fine roots are unevenly distributed.

Effects of Long‐Term Ungulate Exclusion and Recent Alien Species Control on the Preservation and Restoration of a Hawaiian Tropical Dry Forest - Robert J. Cabin; Stephen G. Weller; David H. Lorence; Tim W. Flynn; Ann K. Sakai; Darren Sandquist; Lisa J. Hadway (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Although the destruction of tropical rain forests receives much attention, tropical dry forests are in general far more threatened and endangered. Eliminating grazing ungulates is often considered a key first step toward protecting these ecosystems, but few studies have investigated the long‐term effects of this technique. We examined the effects of ungulate exclusion from a 2.3‐ha native dry‐forest preserve on the island of Hawaii by comparing its present flora to the flora of an adjacent area subjected to continuous grazing since the preserve was fenced over 40 years ago. Relative to this adjacent area, the fenced preserve contained a more diverse flora with substantially greater coverage of native overstory and understory species. Until recently, however, regeneration of native canopy trees within the preserve appears to have been thwarted by a dominant herbaceous cover of alien fountain grass ( Pennisetum setaceum ) and predation by alien rodent species. Our results indicate that although ungulate exclusion may be a necessary and critical first step, it is not sufficient to adequately preserve and maintain Hawaii's remaining tropical dry forest remnants. Our recent efforts to control the dominant alien species within the fenced preserve suggest that this practice may facilitate both the regeneration of native species and the colonization and potential invasion of new alien plants. Comparisons of seedlings of the dominant native canopy tree Diospyros sandwicensis growing in sites both dominated by and free of fountain grass suggested that fountain grass inhibits Diospyros seedling growth and photosynthesis but may increase survival if seedlings are protected from ungulates.

Selective down-regulation of the Cqα/G11α G-protein family in tumour necrosis factor-α induced cell death - Valerie Pollock; Elizabeth Lofthouse; Orla Jupp; Stephen Gauld; Helen Anderson; David MacEwan (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2000)

The Distribution of Nearshore Fishes in Kelp and Eelgrass Communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Associations with Vegetation and Physical Habitat Characteristics - Thomas A. Dean; Lewis Haldorson; David R. Laur; Stephen C. Jewett; Arny Blanchard (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Mutation of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii analogue of residue M210 of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center slows primary electron transfer in Photosystem II - Christos Andronis; Stephen A.P. Merry; James R. Durrant; David R. Klug; James Barber; Peter J. Nixon (Photosynthesis Research, 1999)

Improving Forest Inventories: Three Ways to Incorporate Auxiliary Information - Andrew P. Robinson; David C. Hamlin; Stephen E. Fairweather (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Precise estimates of standing inventory often are needed in a very short time; for example, in appraisal situations for acquisitions and divestitures. Opportunities to integrate auxiliary information into forest stand inventory are considerable, and the potential benefits are very attractive. This article presents three popular techniques for incorporating auxiliary information into forest inventory: list sampling, stratification, and Poisson sampling.

The fate of nitrogen in the Orbulina universa foraminifera‐symbiont system determined by nitrogen isotope analyses of shell‐bound organic matter - Maria E. Uhle; Stephen A. Macko; Howard J. Spero; David W. Lea; William F. Ruddiman; Michael H. Engel (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
To trace the flow of nitrogen through the foraminifera‐symbiont system, juvenile specimens of the symbiont‐bearing planktonic foraminifera, Orbulina universa were collected by SCUBA divers off the coast of Santa Catalina Island, California, and grown in filtered seawater solutions spiked with 15 N‐labeled nitrate. Our work isolated each pathway of this symbiotic system to determine the amount of nitrogen translocated to the foraminifera from its endosymbionts and its captured diet. Our model results show that when the nitrate uptake by the symbionts is at a maximum, between 50 and 57% of the foraminiferal nitrogen was translocated from the symbionts and the remainder was derived from the captured diet. In nitrate‐deficient environments, when the symbiont nitrate uptake was at a minimum, ∼90–100% of the nitrogen was transferred to the foraminifer by the symbionts from the recycled nitrogen (NH 4 + ) pool. In nitrate‐deficient conditions, the primary role of the captured diet may be to provide the system with phosphorous. Highly efficient nutrient use is particularly important to the foraminifera‐symbiont system, especially when nutrient concentrations are low. The results indicate a limited correlation between the isotopic composition of the NO 3 − in the culture solutions and the Δ 15 n values of the foraminifera. However, the δ 15 n values of the foraminifera much more strongly reflect the δ 15 n values of the NH 4 + recycled through the system. It appears that recycled nitrogen (NH 4 + ) is a more important source of nitrogen to the symbionts and the foraminifera than nitrate; therefore, the δ 15 n values of the foraminifera may not reflect the isotopic composition of the surface‐water nutrients. Understanding the nitrogen flow within modern foraminifera‐symbiont associations is also important to ancient marine systems, because symbiont‐bearing foraminifera are ubiquitous in the fossil record. This study shows that analysis of individual, symbiont‐bearing foraminifera species is a necessary first step toward the development of more reliable use of nitrogen isotopes for paleoceanographic reconstructions.

Why Economics Matters for Endangered Species Protection - Jason F. Shogren; John Tschirhart; Terry Anderson; Amy Whritenour Ando; Steven R. Beissinger; David Brookshire; Gardner M. Brown; Don Coursey; Robert Innes; Stephen M. Meyer; Stephan Polasky (Conservation Biology, 1999)
We offer three reasons why economics matters more to species protection than many people think and what this implies for the ongoing debate over the reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Economics matters because (1) human behavior generally, and economic parameters in particular, help determine the degree of risk to a species; (2) in a world of scarce resources, the opportunity cost of species protection—the costs of reduced resources for other worthwhile causes—must be taken into account in decision making; and (3) economic incentives are critical in shaping human behavior, and consequently the recovery of species. Endangered species protection that explicitly addresses these basic principles can avoid wasting valuable resources that yield no gain in species protection.

Pahoehoe toe dimensions, morphology, and branching relationships at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i - David A. Crown; Stephen M. Baloga (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1999)

Regulation and Stumpage Prices: A Tale of Two States - David B. Kittredge; Mark G. Rickenbach; Stephen H. Broderick (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Conventional wisdom suggests that the regulation of timber harvesting adds expense to the process, thereby reducing profitability, and that landowners would bear the resulting cost of this regulation through reduced stumpage values. This study compared more than five years of quarterly stumpage prices in Massachusetts, a state with comprehensive statewide forest cutting practices regulations, with prices in Connecticut, a similar and adjacent state with no such regulations. The results suggest that the Massachusetts regulations do not adversely affect stumpage prices and landowner profit from the sale of timber.

Susceptibility of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba Dana) to ultraviolet radiation - Stuart J. Newman; Stephen Nicol; David Ritz; Harvey Marchant (Polar Biology, 1999)

MIC-A allele profiles and HLA class I associations in Behçet's disease - Graham R. Wallace; David H. Verity; Lisa J. Delamaine; Shigeaki Ohno; Hidetoshi Inoko; Masao Ota; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Kazuro Yabuki; Elli Kondiatis; Henry A. F. Stephens; Wafa Madanat; Charles A. Kanawati; et al. (Immunogenetics, 1999)

Differences in water‐use efficiency between Agathis australis and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides are genetically, not environmentally, determined - David W. Stephens; Warwick B. Silvester; Bruce R. Burns (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1999)
Isotopic carbon ratios were measured in homogenised leaf litter and in sapwood of Agathis australis (kauri) and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (kahikatea) trees growing together at ridge crest and valley sites in Northland, New Zealand. The discrimination (A) values for kauri were significantly less than for kahikatea, indicating a possibility of higher water‐use efficiency of kauri. Discrimination did not vary significantly in different environments, with each species showing similar values at several valley and ridge sites even at distant locations. It is concluded that the differences in A between kauri and kahikatea are the result of fundamental physiological differences between the species rather than resulting from site preferences. For both species, wood is significantly less depleted than leaf material.

Microbial characterization of a JP‐4 fuel‐contaminated site using a combined lipid biomarker/polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE)‐based approach - John R. Stephen; Yun‐Juan Chang; Ying Dong Gan; Aaron Peacock; Susan M. Pfiffner; Michael J. Barcelona; David C. White; Sarah J. Macnaughton (Environmental Microbiology, 1999)
The impact of pollution on soil microbial communities and subsequent bioremediation can be measured quantitatively in situ using direct, non‐culture‐ dependent techniques. Such techniques have advantages over culture‐based methods, which often account for less than 1% of the extant microbial community. In 1988, a JP‐4 fuel spill contaminated the glacio‐fluvial aquifer at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA. In this study, lipid biomarker characterization of the bacterial and eukaryotic communities was combined with polymerase chain reaction– denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) analysis of the eubacterial community to evaluate correlation between contaminant (JP‐4 fuel) concentration and community structure shifts. Vadose, capillary fringe and saturated zone samples were taken from cores within and up‐ and down‐gradient from the contaminant plume. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated that samples from within the plume contained increased biomass, with large proportions of typically Gram‐negative bacteria. Outside the plume, lipid profiles indicated low‐biomass microbial communities compared with those within the initial spill site. 16S rDNA sequences derived from DGGE profiles from within the initial spill site suggested dominance of the eubacterial community by a limited number of phylogenetically diverse organisms. Used in tandem with pollutant quantification, these molecular techniques should facilitate significant improvements over current assessment procedures for the determination of remediation end‐points.

Experimental test of the effect of ultraviolet‐B radiation in a planktonic community - Behzad Mostajir; Serge Demers; Stephen de Mora; Claude Belzile; Jean‐Pierre Chanut; Michel Gosselin; Suzanne Roy; Piedad Zulema Villegas; Juliette Fauchot; Josée Bouchard; David Bird; Patrick Monfort; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
Ultraviolet‐B (UVB, 280–320 nm) radiation is a natural component of sunlight that harms organisms and disturbs natural communities in surface waters. A natural planktonic assemblage of organisms (

Life-History Patterns in Reference and Metal-Exposed Earthworm Populations - David J. Spurgeon; Stephen P. Hopkin (Ecotoxicology, 1999)

Strophanthidin-induced gain of Ca 2+ occurs during diastole and not systole in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes - Deborah L. Bennett; Stephen C. O'Neill; David A. Eisner (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 1999)

Generating a Warm Glow: Lanthanide Complexes Which Luminesce in the Near-IR - Stephen Faulkner; Andrew Beeby; Rachel S. Dickins; David Parker; J. A. Gareth Williams (Journal of Fluorescence, 1999)

Symposia lectures - F. Parak; A. Ostermann; G. U. Nienhaus; Nobuo Niimura; William A. Eaton; Stephen J. Hagen; Eric R. Henry; James Hofrichter; Gouri Jas; Lisa Lapidus; Victor Muñoz; Chih-chen Wang; et al. (Journal of Biosciences, 1999)

The ostracode record from Harris Lake, southwestern Saskatchewan: 9200 years of local environmental change - Stephen C. Porter; David J. Sauchyn; L. Denis Delorme (Journal of Paleolimnology, 1999)

Growth, loss, and vertical distribution of Pinus radiata fine roots growing at ambient and elevated CO 2 concentration - Stephen M. Thomas; David Whitehead; JefF. B. Reid; Freeman J. Cook; JohN. A. Adams; AlaN. C. Leckie (Global Change Biology, 1999)
Increased below‐ground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems is a likely consequence of rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration. If this results in changes to fine root growth, turnover and distribution long‐term soil carbon cycling and storage could be altered. Bi‐weekly measurements were made to determine the dynamics and distribution of fine roots ( Pinus radiata trees growing at ambient (350 μmol mol –1 ) and elevated (650 μmol mol –1 ) CO 2 concentration in large open‐top chambers. Measurements were made using minirhizotrons installed horizontally at depths of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 m. During the first year, at a depth of 0.3 m, the increase in relative growth rate of roots occurred 6 weeks earlier in the elevated CO 2 treatment and the maximum rate was reached 10 weeks earlier than for trees in the ambient treatment. After 2 years, cumulative fine root growth ( P t ) was 36% greater for trees growing at elevated CO 2 than at ambient CO 2 concentration, although this difference was not significant. A model of root growth driven by daily soil temperature accounted for between 43 and 99% of root growth variability. Total root loss ( L t ) was 9% in the ambient and 14% in the elevated CO 2 treatment, although this difference was not significant. Root loss was greatest at 0.3 m. In the first year, 62% of fine roots grown between mid‐summer and late‐autumn disappeared within a year in the elevated CO 2 treatment, but only 18% in the ambient CO 2 treatment ( P L t to time accounted for between 74 and 99% of the variability. Root cohort half‐lives were 951 d for the ambient and 333 d for the elevated treatment. Root length density decreased exponentially with depth in both treatments, but relatively more fine roots grown in the elevated CO 2 treatment tended to occur deeper in the soil profile.

Transferring soils from high‐ to low‐elevation forests increases nitrogen cycling rates: climate change implications - Stephen C. Hart; David A. Perry (Global Change Biology, 1999)
We assessed the potential impact of global warming resulting from a doubling of preindustrial atmospheric CO 2 on soil net N transformations by transferring intact soil cores (0–15 cm) from a high‐elevation old‐growth forest to a forest about 800 m lower in elevation in the central Oregon Cascade Mountains, USA. The lower elevation site had mean annual air and soil (10‐cm mineral soil depth) temperatures about 2.4 and 3.9 °C higher than the high‐elevation site, respectively. Annual rates of soil net N mineralization and nitrification more than doubled in soil transferred to the low‐elevation site (17.2–36.0 kg N ha –1 and 5.0–10.7 kg NO 3 – –N ha –1 , respectively). Leaching of inorganic N from the surface soil (in the absence of plant uptake) also increased. The reciprocal treatment (transferring soil cores from the low‐ to the high‐elevation site) resulted in decreases of about 70, 80, and 65% in annual rates of net N mineralization, nitrification, and inorganic N leaching, respectively. Laboratory incubations of soils under conditions of similar temperature and soil water potential suggest that the quality of soil organic matter is higher at the high‐elevation site. Similar in situ rates of soil net N transformations between the two sites occurred because the lower temperature counteracts the effects of greater substrate quantity and quality at the high elevation site. Our results support the hypothesis that high‐elevation, old‐growth forest soils in the central Cascades have higher C and N storage than their low‐elevation analogues primarily because low temperatures limit net C and N mineralization rates at higher elevations.

The Effect of Urban Sprawl on Timber Harvesting: A Look at Two Southern States - Stephen A. Barlow; Ian A. Munn; David A. Cleaves; David L. Evans (Journal of Forestry, 1998)
In Mississippi and Alabama, urban population growth is pushing development into rural areas. To study the impact of urbanization on timber harvesting, census and forest inventory data were combined in a geographic information system, and a logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between several variables and harvest probabilities. Although proximity to good roads increases the likelihood of harvesting, almost all measures of urbanization--but particularly proximity to development and higher population density--lead to lower harvesting rates. Further, reductions in normal silvicultural harvests outweigh the increases in conversion harvests and lead to a short-run decrease in supply.

Modelling the dynamics and thermodynamics of volcanic degassing - David S. Stevenson; Stephen Blake (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1998)

The Green University - Stephen C. Trombulak; Susan Bratton; Mark H. Waugh; David Pimentel; James M. Peek (Conservation Biology, 1998)

The Green University - Stephen C. Trombulak; Susan Bratton; Mark H. Waugh; David Pimentel; James M. Peek (Conservation Biology, 1998)

An edited linkage map for the AXB and BXA recombinant inbred mouse strains - Stephen B. Sampson; David C. Higgins; Rosemary W. Elliot; Benjamin A. Taylor; Kira K. Lueders; Robert A. Koza; Beverly Paigen (Mammalian Genome, 1998)

Effect of aluminum on cytoplasmic Ca 2+ homeostasis in root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) - David L. Jones; Simon Gilroy; Paul B. Larsen; Stephen H. Howell; Leon V. Kochian (Planta, 1998)

The toxic mechanism and metabolic effects of atractyloside in precision-cut pig kidney and liver slices - David K. Obatomi; Nguyen T. K. Thanh; Stephen Brant; Peter H. Bach (Archives of Toxicology, 1998)

Correction - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

Managing Scientific Data: the EMAP Approach - Stephen S. Hale; Melissa M. Hughes; John F. Paul; R. Scott McAskill; Steven A. Rego; David R. Bender; Nancy J. Dodge; Thomas L. Richter; Jane L. Copeland (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998)

A Novel Method for Efficient Drug Delivery - Christos P. Markou; Elizabeth M. Lutostansky; David N. Ku; Stephen R. Hanson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1998)

Interferons impair early transgene expression by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in muscle cells - G. Acsadi; David O'Hagan; Hanns Lochmüller; Stephen Prescott; Nancy Larochelle; Josephine Nalbantoglu; Agnes Jani; George Karpati (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 1998)

Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the xth international congress of virology - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. van den Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

A comparative molecular analysis of four rat smooth muscle cell lines - Anthony B. Firulli; David Han; Louise Kelly-Roloff; Victor E. Koteliansky; Stephen M. Schwartz; Eric N. Olson; Joseph M. Miano (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1998)

Mapping sediment acoustic impedance using remote sensing acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment - Donald J. Walter; Douglas N. Lambert; David C. Young; Kevin P. Stephens (Geo-Marine Letters, 1997)

Regulation of desmosomal cell adhesion in human tumour cells by polyunsaturated fatty acids - Wen G. Jiang; Sim K. Singhrao; Stephen Hiscox; Maurice B. Hallett; Richard P. Bryce; David F. Horrobin; Malcolm C. A. Puntis; Robert E. Mansel (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 1997)

s of papers presented at the 81st annual meeting of The Potato Association of America Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada August 3 – 7, 1997 - S. T. Ali-Khan; C. Hetner; L. Ladislav; V. Currie; Walter J. Arsenault; A. Naseer Aziz; Janet E. A. Seabrook; George C. C. Tai; J. B. Bamberg; Alfonso H. del Rio; Max Martin; J. B. Bamberg; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 1997)

Purification and characterization of a fix ABCX-linked 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii - Bruno Reyntjens; David R. Jollie; Philip J. Stephens; H. Samantha Gao-Sheridan; B. K. Burgess (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1997)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dimethylsulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter capsulatus - Philippa E. Baugh; C. D. Garner; John M. Charnock; David Collison; E. Stephen Davies; Alan S. McAlpine; S. Bailey; Ian Lane; Graeme R. Hanson; Alastair G. McEwan (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1997)

QTL analysis to study the association between leaf size and abscisic acid accumulation in droughted rice leaves and comparisons across cereals - Stephen A. Quarrie; David A. Laurie; Jiahui Zhu; Claude Lebreton; Andrei Semikhodskii; Andrew Steed; Hanneke Witsenboer; Christina Calestani (Plant Molecular Biology, 1997)

Typical Frankia infect actinorhizal plants exotic to New Zealand - Michael L. Clawson; David R. Benson; Steven C. Resch; David W. Stephens; Warwick B. Silvester (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1997)
Frankia strains are actinomycetes that fix N 2 in root nodules of plants classified in eight families of the Angiospermae. The wide variety of plants infected has raised questions about the ecology and diversity of Frankia symbionts, and their co‐evolution with actinorhizal plants. Partial sequencing was done of the small subunit (16S) rRNA gene from Frankia endophytes present in the root nodules of Alnus cordata , A. glutinosa , A. viridis , Casuarina equisetifolia, Coriaria arborea, C. plumosa , and Elaeagnus pungens growing in New Zealand. With the exceptions of the Coriaria spp., all of the plants are exotic to New Zealand. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates that the exotic species were nodulated by Frankia strains that cluster with strain groups previously shown to be typical for each actinorhizal host. Frankia in 12 native Coriaria spp. nodules yielded two sequences differing in only one position, suggesting a relatively low diversity compared with the exotic species.

Scale-up of Adhesive Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems - Glenn A. Van Buskirk; Mario A. González; Vinod P. Shah; Scott Barnhardt; Colin Barrett; Stephen Berge; Gary Cleary; Keith Chan; Gordon Flynn; Thomas Foster; Robert Gale; Raymond Garrison; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 1997)

Fluxes of copper‐complexing ligands from estuarine sediments - Stephen A. Skrabal; John R. Donat; David J. Burdige (Limnology and Oceanography, 1997)
Most studies of the organic complexation of Cu in natural waters have focused on distributions and processes in the water column, where a significant fraction of Cu‐complexing ligands may be biologically produced. We present direct evidence for a flux of Cu‐complexing ligands from estuarine sediments, demonstrating that sediments are a significant, yet previously unrecognized source of the ligands. Fluxes of Cu‐complexing ligands from Chesapeake Bay sediments range from 300 to 1,200 nmol m −2 d −1 , exceeding fluxes of total dissolved Cu by 3→40‐fold, suggesting that any Cu fluxing from the sediments is likely to be organically complexed. Our results indicate that benthic fluxes may supply from 10 to 50% of the standing stock of Cu‐complexing ligands in Chesapeake Bay and suggest that such fluxes may strongly influence the biogeochemistry of Cu in shallow water environments and potentially in the ocean as a whole.

Isolation and Characterization of an Acetylated Impurity in Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Drug Substance - Mollie N. Pflumm; Stephen C. Gruber; Anthony Tsarbopoulos; David Wylie; Birendra Pramanik; James N. Bausch; Suman T. Patel (Pharmaceutical Research, 1997)

Seasonal effects of variable recruitment of a dominant piscivore on pelagic food web structure - David M. Post; Stephen R. Carpenter; David L. Christensen; Kathryn L. Cottingham; James F. Kitchell; Daniel E. Schindler; James R. Hodgson (Limnology and Oceanography, 1997)
Piscivorous fish play an important role in regulating lake food web structure. However, most ultimately piscivorous fish pass through a period of planktivory before becoming piscivorous. In 1993 and 1994, two large cohorts of young‐of‐the‐year largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) were recorded in Paul Lake, Michigan. The 1993 and 1994 cohorts were the largest recorded in data extending back to 1984 and occurred during a period in which adult and juvenile bass biomass was low. In 1993, consumption of large‐bodied zooplankton by the young‐of‐the‐year cohort eliminated large‐bodied cladocerans by the middle of August. As large cladocerans declined, small cladocerans, especially Bosmina longirostris , increased. By early September the biomass of B. longirostris was similar to that of the entire cladoceran community in previous years. Coincident with the shifts in the cladoceran community were increases in epilimnetic Chl a concentrations µ m. However, total epilimnetic Chl a did not increase. In contrast, the 1994 cohort had no discernible effect on pelagic food web structure because production of large‐bodied zooplankton rapidly exceeded predation. Our results show the potential for large cohorts of piscivorous fish to affect food web structure, at a seasonal scale, through intense planktivory.

Alteration of the quaternary structure of glutamate dehydrogenase from Clostridium symbiosum by a single mutation distant from the subunit interfaces - Jonathan L. E. Dean; H. Cölfen; Stephen E. Harding; David W. Rice; P. C. Engel (European Biophysics Journal, 1997)

Research versus operational correlations between seedling survival and root growth potential of shortleaf pine - David B. South; Stephen W. Hallgren (New Forests, 1997)

Ten Guidelines for Ecosystem Researchers: Lessons from Missouri - David R. Larsen; Stephen R. Shifley; Frank R. Thompson III; Brian L. Brookshire; Daniel C. Dey; Eric W. Kurzejeski; Kristine England (Journal of Forestry, 1997)

Perceptions of Species Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity: Lessons from Four Decades of Sampling on a Government-Managed Reserve - J. Whitfield Gibbons; Vincent J. Burke; Jeffrey E. Lovich; Raymond D. Semlitsch; Tracey D. Tuberville; J. Russell Bodie; Judith L. Greene; Peter H. Niewiarowski; Howard H. Whiteman; David E. Scott; Joseph H. K. Pechmann; Christopher R. Harrison; et al. (Environmental Management, 1997)

Biodiversity within hot spring microbial mat communities: molecular monitoring of enrichment cultures - David M. Ward; Cecilia M. Santegoeds; Stephen C. Nold; Niels B. Ramsing; Michael J. Ferris; Mary M. Bateson (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1997)

Hydroxylamine oxidation in heterotrophic nitrate-reducing soil bacteria and purification of a hydroxylamine-cytochromec oxidoreductase from aPseudomonas species - Josa-Marie Wehrfritz; Jon P. Carter; Stephen Spiro; David J. Richardson (Archives of Microbiology, 1996)

The effect of vascular curvature on three-dimensional reconstruction of intravascular ultrasound images - Stephen P. Wiet; Michael J. Vonesh; Michael J. Waligora; Bonnie J. Kane; David D. McPherson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1996)

Isolation and characterisation of a strain of Pseudomonas putida that can express a periplasmic nitrate reductase - Jon P. Carter; David J. Richardson; Stephen Spiro (Archives of Microbiology, 1995)

Lipoperoxides as an index of free radical activity in bone marrow transplant recipients - Adrian Hunnisett; Stephen Davies; John McLaren-Howard; Peter Gravett; Mary Finn; David Gueret-Wardle (Biological Trace Element Research, 1995)

The receptor-mediated retention of resident proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum - David J. Vaux; Stephen D. Fuller (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1992)

The Potato Association of America 75th Annual Meeting Spokane, Washington, U.S.A. - David Curwen; Pete Weingartner; Ronald Knight; Therese M. Work; Hugh J. Murphy; Steven B. Johnson; Richard Zink; Leigh Morrow; A. R. Mosley; Rod Davidson; Thoms Owings; Don Halseth; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 1991)

Factors regulating annual mating success and reproductive success in spotted sandpipers (Actitis macularia) - Lewis W. Oring; J. Michael Reed; Mark A. Colwell; David B. Lank; Stephen J. Maxson (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1991)

Honorary Life Members announced at 75th Annual Meeting of The PAA - Stephen L. Love; David M. Kelly; Richars Tam (American Journal of Potato Research, 1991)

Environmental persistence and impact of diflubenzuron in a forest aquatic environment following aerial application - Kanth M. S. Sundaram; Stephen B. Holmes; David P. Kreutzweiser; Alam Sundaram; Peter D. Kingsbury (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1991)

An improved neural-network model for the neural integrator of the oculomotor system: More realistic neuron behavior - Stephen C. Cannon; David A. Robinson (Biological Cybernetics, 1985)

X-linked, polymorphic genetic variation of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) in baboons and screening of additional primates - David H. Lockwood; Dorian H. Coppenhaver; Robert E. Ferrell; Stephen P. Daiger (Biochemical Genetics, 1984)

A proposed neural network for the integrator of the oculomotor system - Stephen C. Cannon; David A. Robinson; Shihab Shamma (Biological Cybernetics, 1983)

Localization of the human fibronectin (FN) gene on chromosome 8 by a specific enzyme immunoassay - Stephen I. Rennard; Robert L. Church; David H. Rohrbach; Dolores E. Shupp; Shigeto Abe; A. Tyl Hewitt; J. Clifford Murray; George R. Martin (Biochemical Genetics, 1981)

Characterization of human carbonic anhydrase III from skeletal muscle - Nicholas Carter; Stephen Jeffery; Alan Shiels; Yvonne Edwards; Terry Tipler; David A. Hopkinson (Biochemical Genetics, 1979)

Renal perfusion dynamics during preservation - Stephen W. Flax; John G. Webster; Stuart J. Updike; David T. Uehling (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1978)