Cardiovascular function during supine rest in endurance-trained males with New Zealand blackcurrant: a dose–response study - Matthew David Cook; Stephen David Myers; Mandy Lucinda Gault; Victoria Charlotte Edwards; Mark Elisabeth Theodorus Willems (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

An assessment of the central disposition of intranasally administered insulin lispro in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy volunteers and beagle dogs - Stephen Lowe; Emanuele Sher; Graham Wishart; Kimberley Jackson; Eunice Yuen; Claire Brittain; Siew Chinn Fong; David O. Clarke; William H. Landschulz (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2017)

The contribution of policy, law, management, research, and advocacy failings to the recent extinctions of three Australian vertebrate species - John C.Z. Woinarski; Stephen T. Garnett; Sarah M. Legge; David B. Lindenmayer (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Extinctions typically have ecological drivers, such as habitat loss. However, extinction events are also influenced by policy and management settings that may be antithetical to biodiversity conservation, inadequate to prevent extinction, insufficiently resourced, or poorly implemented. Three endemic Australian vertebrate species—the Christmas Island pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus murrayi ), Bramble Cay melomys ( Melomys rubicola ), and Christmas Island forest skink ( Emoia nativitatis )—became extinct from 2009 to 2014. All 3 extinctions were predictable and probably preventable. We sought to identify the policy, management, research, and other shortcomings that contributed to their extinctions or failed to prevent them. These included a lack within national environmental legislation and policy of explicit commitment to the prevention of avoidable extinctions, lack of explicit accountability, inadequate resources for conservation (particularly for species not considered charismatic or not of high taxonomic distinctiveness), inadequate biosecurity, a slow and inadequate process for listing species as threatened, recovery planning that failed to consider the need for emergency response, inability of researchers to identify major threatening factors, lack of public engagement and involvement in conservation decisions, and limited advocacy. From these 3 cases, we recommend: environmental policy explicitly seeks to prevent extinction of any species and provides a clear chain of accountability and an explicit requirement for public inquiry following any extinction; implementation of a timely and comprehensive process for listing species as threatened and for recovery planning; reservation alone not be assumed sufficient to maintain species; enhancement of biosecurity measures; allocation of sufficient resources to undertake actions necessary to prevent extinction; monitoring be considered a pivotal component of the conservation response; research provides timely identification of factors responsible for decline and of the risk of extinction; effective dissemination of research results; advocacy by an informed public for the recovery of threatened species; and public involvement in governance of the recovery process. These recommendations should be applicable broadly to reduce the likelihood and incidence of extinctions.

Mechanistic evaluation of primary human hepatocyte culture using global proteomic analysis reveals a selective dedifferentiation profile - James A. Heslop; Cliff Rowe; Joanne Walsh; Rowena Sison-Young; Roz Jenkins; Laleh Kamalian; Richard Kia; David Hay; Robert P. Jones; Hassan Z. Malik; Stephen Fenwick; Amy E. Chadwick; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Genome‐wide association of functional traits linked with C ampylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork - Koji Yahara; Guillaume Méric; Aidan J. Taylor; Stefan P. W. de Vries; Susan Murray; Ben Pascoe; Leonardos Mageiros; Alicia Torralbo; Ana Vidal; Anne Ridley; Sho Komukai; Helen Wimalarathna; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7343 MLST‐characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST‐21 and ST‐45 complexes identified genetic elements over‐represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease‐associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368‐70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.

Ecology under lake ice - Stephanie E. Hampton; Aaron W. E. Galloway; Stephen M. Powers; Ted Ozersky; Kara H. Woo; Ryan D. Batt; Stephanie G. Labou; Catherine M. O'Reilly; Sapna Sharma; Noah R. Lottig; Emily H. Stanley; Rebecca L. North; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under‐ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a , 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter‐summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake‐specific, species‐specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.

Addressing food supply chain and consumption inefficiencies: potential for climate change mitigation - Stephen D. Porter; David S. Reay (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Genetic consequences of anthropogenic disturbances and population fragmentation in Acacia senegal - Stephen F. Omondi; David W. Odee; George O. Ongamo; James I. Kanya; Damase P. Khasa (Conservation Genetics, 2016)

Aquatic food security: insights into challenges and solutions from an analysis of interactions between fisheries, aquaculture, food safety, human health, fish and human welfare, economy and environment - Simon Jennings; Grant D Stentiford; Ana M Leocadio; Keith R Jeffery; Julian D Metcalfe; Ioanna Katsiadaki; Neil A Auchterlonie; Stephen C Mangi; John K Pinnegar; Tim Ellis; Edmund J Peeler; Tiziana Luisetti; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Fisheries and aquaculture production, imports, exports and equitability of distribution determine the supply of aquatic food to people. Aquatic food security is achieved when a food supply is sufficient, safe, sustainable, shockproof and sound: sufficient, to meet needs and preferences of people; safe, to provide nutritional benefit while posing minimal health risks; sustainable, to provide food now and for future generations; shock‐proof, to provide resilience to shocks in production systems and supply chains; and sound, to meet legal and ethical standards for welfare of animals, people and environment. Here, we present an integrated assessment of these elements of the aquatic food system in the United Kingdom, a system linked to dynamic global networks of producers, processors and markets. Our assessment addresses sufficiency of supply from aquaculture, fisheries and trade; safety of supply given biological, chemical and radiation hazards; social, economic and environmental sustainability of production systems and supply chains; system resilience to social, economic and environmental shocks; welfare of fish, people and environment; and the authenticity of food. Conventionally, these aspects of the food system are not assessed collectively, so information supporting our assessment is widely dispersed. Our assessment reveals trade‐offs and challenges in the food system that are easily overlooked in sectoral analyses of fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and environment. We highlight potential benefits of an integrated, systematic and ongoing process to assess security of the aquatic food system and to predict impacts of social, economic and environmental change on food supply and demand.

Enhancing conservation of A ustralian freshwater ecosystems: identification of freshwater flagship fishes and relevant target audiences - Brendan C Ebner; David L Morgan; Adam Kerezsy; Scott Hardie; Stephen J Beatty; Jamie E Seymour; James A Donaldson; Simon Linke; Stirling Peverell; David Roberts; Thomas Espinoza; Nadine Marshall; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Flagship species, especially mammals and birds, are commonly used to increase awareness of conservation issues in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, flagship species oriented programs are often ad hoc with initiatives scarce in the freshwater context. Here, we aim to identify potential flagship candidates that would appeal to a broad cross section of society at a continental scale where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from human impacts. We identified 19 species from a list of 299 Australian freshwater fishes on the basis of body size, trophic guild and threatened species status assuming these characteristics of flagship species are transferable from previous work on terrestrial flagship species. We considered the potential of species to be of international appeal but focused mostly on eight relevant interest groups within Australia. This followed the rationale that public engagement with conservation issues in freshwater systems might be more effective if the link between fish species and the decisions people make were better understood, and we acknowledge the diverging interests of stakeholders. This scoping work contributes towards addressing the challenges of connecting societies to the principles of sharing water resources with ecosystems, and represents the first continental‐scale assessment of its kind.

Comparing Occupational Health and Safety Management System Programming with Injury Rates in Poultry Production - Daniel A. Autenrieth; William J. Brazile; David I. Douphrate; Ivette N. Román-Muñiz; Stephen J. Reynolds (Journal of Agromedicine, 2016)

Assessment of yield monitoring equipment for dry matter and yield of corn silage and alfalfa/grass - Emmaline A. Long; Quirine M. Ketterings; David Russell; Francoise Vermeylen; Stephen DeGloria (Precision Agriculture, 2016)

Effects of experimentally elevated egg cortisol on offspring traits in two species of wild Pacific salmon - Natalie M. Sopinka; Scott G. Hinch; Stephen J. Healy; Graham D. Raby; David A. Patterson (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2016)

Stable isotopes and mtDNA reveal niche segregation but no evidence of intergradation along a habitat gradient in the Lesser Whitethroat complex (Sylvia curruca; Passeriformes; Aves) - Stephen C. Votier; Simon Aspinall; Stuart Bearhop; David Bilton; Jason Newton; Per Alström; Paul Leader; Geoff Carey; Robert W. Furnes; Urban Olsson (Journal of Ornithology, 2016)

A Phagostimulant Blend for the Asian Citrus Psyllid - Stephen L. Lapointe; David G. Hall; Justin George (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts - Patrick R. Stephens; Sonia Altizer; Katherine F. Smith; A. Alonso Aguirre; James H. Brown; Sarah A. Budischak; James E. Byers; Tad A. Dallas; T. Jonathan Davies; John M. Drake; Vanessa O. Ezenwa; Maxwell J. Farrell; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.

Exploration of the effects of classroom humidity levels on teachers’ respiratory symptoms - Kim A. Angelon-Gaetz; David B. Richardson; Stephen W. Marshall; Michelle L. Hernandez (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2016)

The gene Cr811 is present exclusively in pathotype 5 and new emerged pathotypes of the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae - Jie Feng; Junye Jiang; David Feindel; Stephen E. Strelkov; Sheau-Fang Hwang (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016)

Emergence of new virulence phenotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada - Stephen E. Strelkov; Sheau-Fang Hwang; Victor P. Manolii; Tiesen Cao; David Feindel (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016)

Choice of baseline climate data impacts projected species' responses to climate change - David J. Baker; Andrew J. Hartley; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Stephen G. Willis (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Climate data created from historic climate observations are integral to most assessments of potential climate change impacts, and frequently comprise the baseline period used to infer species‐climate relationships. They are often also central to downscaling coarse resolution climate simulations from General Circulation Models ( GCM s) to project future climate scenarios at ecologically relevant spatial scales. Uncertainty in these baseline data can be large, particularly where weather observations are sparse and climate dynamics are complex (e.g. over mountainous or coastal regions). Yet, importantly, this uncertainty is almost universally overlooked when assessing potential responses of species to climate change. Here, we assessed the importance of historic baseline climate uncertainty for projections of species' responses to future climate change. We built species distribution models ( SDM s) for 895 African bird species of conservation concern, using six different climate baselines. We projected these models to two future periods (2040–2069, 2070–2099), using downscaled climate projections, and calculated species turnover and changes in species‐specific climate suitability. We found that the choice of baseline climate data constituted an important source of uncertainty in projections of both species turnover and species‐specific climate suitability, often comparable with, or more important than, uncertainty arising from the choice of GCM . Importantly, the relative contribution of these factors to projection uncertainty varied spatially. Moreover, when projecting SDM s to sites of biodiversity importance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), these uncertainties altered site‐level impacts, which could affect conservation prioritization. Our results highlight that projections of species' responses to climate change are sensitive to uncertainty in the baseline climatology. We recommend that this should be considered routinely in such analyses.

The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States - James S. Clark; Louis Iverson; Christopher W. Woodall; Craig D. Allen; David M. Bell; Don C. Bragg; Anthony W. D'Amato; Frank W. Davis; Michelle H. Hersh; Ines Ibanez; Stephen T. Jackson; Stephen Matthews; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
We synthesize insights from current understanding of drought impacts at stand‐to‐biogeographic scales, including management options, and we identify challenges to be addressed with new research. Large stand‐level shifts underway in western forests already are showing the importance of interactions involving drought, insects, and fire. Diebacks, changes in composition and structure, and shifting range limits are widely observed. In the eastern US , the effects of increasing drought are becoming better understood at the level of individual trees, but this knowledge cannot yet be confidently translated to predictions of changing structure and diversity of forest stands. While eastern forests have not experienced the types of changes seen in western forests in recent decades, they too are vulnerable to drought and could experience significant changes with increased severity, frequency, or duration in drought. Throughout the continental United States, the combination of projected large climate‐induced shifts in suitable habitat from modeling studies and limited potential for the rapid migration of tree populations suggests that changing tree and forest biogeography could substantially lag habitat shifts already underway. Forest management practices can partially ameliorate drought impacts through reductions in stand density, selection of drought‐tolerant species and genotypes, artificial regeneration, and the development of multistructured stands. However, silvicultural treatments also could exacerbate drought impacts unless implemented with careful attention to site and stand characteristics. Gaps in our understanding should motivate new research on the effects of interactions involving climate and other species at the stand scale and how interactions and multiple responses are represented in models. This assessment indicates that, without a stronger empirical basis for drought impacts at the stand scale, more complex models may provide limited guidance.

Editorial - Stephen C. Bowden; David W. Loring (Neuropsychology Review, 2016)

Testing the generality of above‐ground biomass allometry across plant functional types at the continent scale - Keryn I. Paul; Stephen H. Roxburgh; Jerome Chave; Jacqueline R. England; Ayalsew Zerihun; Alison Specht; Tom Lewis; Lauren T. Bennett; Thomas G. Baker; Mark A. Adams; Dan Huxtable; Kelvin D. Montagu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Accurate ground‐based estimation of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems is critical to quantifying the global carbon budget. Allometric models provide cost‐effective methods for biomass prediction. But do such models vary with ecoregion or plant functional type? We compiled 15 054 measurements of individual tree or shrub biomass from across Australia to examine the generality of allometric models for above‐ground biomass prediction. This provided a robust case study because Australia includes ecoregions ranging from arid shrublands to tropical rainforests, and has a rich history of biomass research, particularly in planted forests. Regardless of ecoregion, for five broad categories of plant functional type (shrubs; multistemmed trees; trees of the genus Eucalyptus and closely related genera; other trees of high wood density; and other trees of low wood density), relationships between biomass and stem diameter were generic. Simple power‐law models explained 84–95% of the variation in biomass, with little improvement in model performance when other plant variables (height, bole wood density), or site characteristics (climate, age, management) were included. Predictions of stand‐based biomass from allometric models of varying levels of generalization (species‐specific, plant functional type) were validated using whole‐plot harvest data from 17 contrasting stands (range: 9–356 Mg ha −1 ). Losses in efficiency of prediction were stand ‐level biomass prediction was 99%, with a mean absolute prediction error of only 13%. Hence, for cost‐effective prediction of biomass across a wide range of stands, we recommend use of generic allometric models based on plant functional types. Development of new species‐specific models is only warranted when gains in accuracy of stand‐based predictions are relatively high (e.g. high‐value monocultures).

A temperature-sensitive allele of a putative mRNA splicing helicase down-regulates many cell wall genes and causes radial swelling in Arabidopsis thaliana - Paul A. Howles; Leigh K. Gebbie; David A. Collings; Arvind Varsani; Ronan C. Broad; Stephen Ohms; Rosemary J. Birch; Ann H. Cork; Tony Arioli; Richard E. Williamson (Plant Molecular Biology, 2016)

Natural isoforms of the Photosystem II D1 subunit differ in photoassembly efficiency of the water-oxidizing complex - David J. Vinyard; Jennifer S. Sun; Javier Gimpel; Gennady M. Ananyev; Stephen P. Mayfield; G. Charles Dismukes (Photosynthesis Research, 2016)

Origin and introduction history of self-sustaining rainbow trout populations in Europe as inferred from mitochondrial DNA and a Y-linked marker - David Stanković; Molly R. Stephens; Aleš Snoj (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Erratum to: Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia - Andreia Brandão; Ken Khong Eng; Teresa Rito; Bruno Cavadas; David Bulbeck; Francesca Gandini; Maria Pala; Maru Mormina; Bob Hudson; Joyce White; Tsang-Ming Ko; Mokhtar Saidin; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

An ecoclimatic framework for evaluating the resilience of vegetation to water deficit - Patrick J. Mitchell; Anthony P. O'Grady; Elizabeth A. Pinkard; Timothy J. Brodribb; Stefan K. Arndt; Chris J. Blackman; Remko A. Duursma; Rod J. Fensham; David W. Hilbert; Craig R. Nitschke; Jaymie Norris; Stephen H. Roxburgh; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
The surge in global efforts to understand the causes and consequences of drought on forest ecosystems has tended to focus on specific impacts such as mortality. We propose an ecoclimatic framework that takes a broader view of the ecological relevance of water deficits, linking elements of exposure and resilience to cumulative impacts on a range of ecosystem processes. This ecoclimatic framework is underpinned by two hypotheses: (i) exposure to water deficit can be represented probabilistically and used to estimate exposure thresholds across different vegetation types or ecosystems; and (ii) the cumulative impact of a series of water deficit events is defined by attributes governing the resistance and recovery of the affected processes. We present case studies comprising Pinus edulis and Eucalyptus globulus , tree species with contrasting ecological strategies, which demonstrate how links between exposure and resilience can be examined within our proposed framework. These examples reveal how climatic thresholds can be defined along a continuum of vegetation functional responses to water deficit regimes. The strength of this framework lies in identifying climatic thresholds on vegetation function in the absence of more complete mechanistic understanding, thereby guiding the formulation, application and benchmarking of more detailed modelling.

Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia - Andreia Brandão; Ken Khong Eng; Teresa Rito; Bruno Cavadas; David Bulbeck; Francesca Gandini; Maria Pala; Maru Mormina; Bob Hudson; Joyce White; Tsang-Ming Ko; Mokhtar Saidin; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)
There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of-Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.

The differential effects of metronomic gemcitabine and antiangiogenic treatment in patient-derived xenografts of pancreatic cancer: treatment effects on metabolism, vascular function, cell proliferation, and tumor growth - Donald T. Yapp; May Q. Wong; Alastair H. Kyle; Shannon M. Valdez; Jenny Tso; Andrew Yung; Piotr Kozlowski; David A. Owen; Andrzej K. Buczkowski; Stephen W. Chung; Charles H. Scudamore; Andrew I. Minchinton; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2016)

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Second FDA/PQRI Conference - Lawrence X. Yu; Ilgaz Akseli; Barbara Allen; Gregory Amidon; Tara Gooen Bizjak; Ashley Boam; Margaret Caulk; David Doleski; Joseph Famulare; Adam C. Fisher; Scott Furness; Brian Hasselbalch; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Editorial - David W. Loring; Stephen C. Bowden (Neuropsychology Review, 2016)

Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations - Pedro A. Soares; Jean A. Trejaut; Teresa Rito; Bruno Cavadas; Catherine Hill; Ken Khong Eng; Maru Mormina; Andreia Brandão; Ross M. Fraser; Tse-Yi Wang; Jun-Hun Loo; Christopher Snell; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Primary cumulus platinum minerals in the Monts de Cristal Complex, Gabon: magmatic microenvironments inferred from high-definition X-ray fluorescence microscopy - Stephen J. Barnes; Louise A. Fisher; Bélinda Godel; Mark A. Pearce; Wolfgang D. Maier; David Paterson; Daryl L. Howard; Christopher G. Ryan; Jamie S. Laird (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016)

Does multimodality per se improve receiver performance? An explicit comparison of multimodal versus unimodal complex signals in a learned signal following task - Tricia L. Rubi; David W. Stephens (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016)

Temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass decreases as spatial variability increases - Devan Allen McGranahan; Torre J. Hovick; R. Dwayne Elmore; David M. Engle; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Stephen L. Winter; James R. Miller; Diane M. Debinski (Ecology, 2016)
Ecological theory predicts that diversity decreases variability in ecosystem function. We predict that, at the landscape scale, spatial variability created by a mosaic of contrasting patches that differ in time since disturbance will decrease temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass. Using data from a multi‐year study of seven grazed tallgrass prairie landscapes, each experimentally managed for one to eight patches, we show that increased spatial variability driven by spatially patchy fire and herbivory reduces temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass. This pattern is associated with statistical evidence for the portfolio effect and a positive relationship between temporal variability and functional group synchrony as predicted by metacommunity variability theory. As disturbance from fire and grazing interact to create a shifting mosaic of spatially heterogeneous patches within a landscape, temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass can be dampened. These results suggest that spatially heterogeneous disturbance regimes contribute to a portfolio of ecosystem functions provided by biodiversity, including wildlife habitat, fuel, and forage. We discuss how spatial patterns of disturbance drive variability within and among patches.

Development of a Novel Biodegradable Metallic Stent Based on Microgalvanic Effect - Jennifer Frattolin; Rajib Barua; Huseyin Aydin; Sriraman Rajagopalan; Luca Gottellini; Richard Leask; Stephen Yue; David Frost; Olivier F. Bertrand; Rosaire Mongrain (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Farm gate level nitrogen balance and use efficiency changes post implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive - Cathal Buckley; David P. Wall; Brian Moran; Stephen O’Neill; Paul N. C. Murphy (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016)

An in-well heat-tracer-test method for evaluating borehole flow conditions - Stephen M. Sellwood; David J. Hart; Jean M. Bahr (Hydrogeology Journal, 2015)

Fiber bundle length and cognition: a length-based tractography MRI study - Ashley M. Behrman-Lay; Christina Usher; Thomas E. Conturo; Stephen Correia; David H. Laidlaw; Elizabeth M. Lane; Jacob Bolzenius; Jodi M. Heaps; Lauren E. Salminen; Laurie M. Baker; Ryan Cabeen; Erbil Akbudak; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2015)

A population PK model for citalopram and its major metabolite, N-desmethyl citalopram, in rats - Nieves Velez de Mendizabal; Kimberley Jackson; Brian Eastwood; Steven Swanson; David M. Bender; Stephen Lowe; Robert R. Bies (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2015)

Exploring, exploiting and evolving diversity of aquatic ecosystem models: a community perspective - Annette B. G. Janssen; George B. Arhonditsis; Arthur Beusen; Karsten Bolding; Louise Bruce; Jorn Bruggeman; Raoul-Marie Couture; Andrea S. Downing; J. Alex Elliott; Marieke A. Frassl; Gideon Gal; Daan J. Gerla; et al. (Aquatic Ecology, 2015)

Prioritization of knowledge needs for sustainable aquaculture: a national and global perspective - Aisla C Jones; Angela Mead; Michel J Kaiser; Melanie C V Austen; Alex W Adrian; Neil A Auchterlonie; Kenneth D Black; Lucy R Blow; Charlotte Bury; Janet H Brown; Gavin M Burnell; Elaine Connolly; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2015)
Aquaculture is currently the fastest expanding global animal food production sector and is a key future contributor to food security. An increase in food security will be dependent upon the development and improvement of sustainable practices. A prioritization exercise was undertaken, focusing on the future knowledge needs to underpin UK sustainable aquaculture (both domestic and imported products) using a ‘task force’ group of 36 ‘practitioners’ and 12 ‘research scientists’ who have an active interest in sustainable aquaculture. A long list of 264 knowledge needs related to sustainable aquaculture was developed in conjunction with the task force. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge need. The top 25 knowledge needs are presented, as scored separately by ‘practitioners’ or ‘research scientists’. There was similar agreement in priorities identified by these two groups. The priority knowledge needs will provide guidance to structure ongoing work to make science accessible to practitioners and help to prioritize future science policy needs and funding. The process of knowledge exchange, and the mechanisms by which this can be achieved, effectively emerged as the top priority for sustainable aquaculture. Viable alternatives to wild fish‐based aquaculture feeds, resource constraints that will potentially limit expansion of aquaculture, sustainable offshore aquaculture and the treatment of sea lice also emerged as strong priorities. Although the exercise was focused on UK needs for sustainable aquaculture, many of the emergent issues are considered to have global application.

A reply to ‘A meta-database of Holocene sediment cores for England: missing data’ (Tooley 2015) - Andrew J. Suggitt; Richard T. Jones; Chris J. Caseldine; Brian Huntley; John R. Stewart; Stephen J. Brooks; Eleanor Brown; David Fletcher; Phillipa K. Gillingham; Jonathan Larwood; Nicholas A. Macgregor; Barbara Silva; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2015)

A meta-database of Holocene sediment cores for England - Andrew J. Suggitt; Richard T. Jones; Chris J. Caseldine; Brian Huntley; John R. Stewart; Stephen J. Brooks; Eleanor Brown; David Fletcher; Phillipa K. Gillingham; Jonathan Larwood; Nicholas A. Macgregor; Barbara Silva; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2015)

New Zealand blackcurrant extract improves cycling performance and fat oxidation in cyclists - Matthew David Cook; Stephen David Myers; Sam David Blacker; Mark Elisabeth Theodorus Willems (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848 cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium - Neil M. Davies; Tom R. Gaunt; Sarah J. Lewis; Jeff Holly; Jenny L. Donovan; Freddie C. Hamdy; John P. Kemp; Rosalind Eeles; Doug Easton; Zsofia Kote-Jarai; Ali Amin Al Olama; Sara Benlloch; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Late Devensian deglaciation of the Tyne Gap Palaeo‐Ice Stream, northern England - Stephen J. Livingstone; David H. Roberts; Bethan J. Davies; David J. A. Evans; Colm Ó Cofaigh; Delia M. Gheorghiu (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2015)
The deglacial history of the central sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet is poorly constrained, particularly along major ice‐stream flow paths. The Tyne Gap Palaeo‐Ice Stream (TGIS) was a major fast‐flow conduit of the British–Irish Ice Sheet during the last glaciation. We reconstruct the pattern and constrain the timing of retreat of this ice stream using cosmogenic radionuclide ( 10 Be) dating of exposed bedrock surfaces, radiocarbon dating of lake cores and geomorphological mapping of deglacial features. Four of the five 10 Be samples produced minimum ages between 17.8 and 16.5 ka. These were supplemented by a basal radiocarbon date of 15.7 ± 0.1 cal ka BP, in a core recovered from Talkin Tarn in the Brampton Kame Belt. Our new geochronology indicates progressive retreat of the TGIS from 18.7 to 17.1 ka, and becoming ice free before 16.4–15.7 ka. Initial retreat and decoupling of the TGIS from the North Sea Lobe is recorded by a prominent moraine 10–15 km inland of the present‐day coast. This constrains the damming of Glacial Lake Wear to a period before ∼18.7–17.1 ka in the area deglaciated by the contraction of the TGIS. We suggest that retreat of the TGIS was part of a regional collapse of ice‐dispersal centres between 18 and 16 ka.

Enhanced biological N2 fixation and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in an acid soil following biochar addition: dissection of causal mechanisms - Lukas Van Zwieten; Terry Rose; David Herridge; Stephen Kimber; Josh Rust; Annette Cowie; Stephen Morris (Plant and Soil, 2015)

Rapid plant evolution in the presence of an introduced species alters community composition - David Solance Smith; Matthew K. Lau; Ryan Jacobs; Jenna A. Monroy; Stephen M. Shuster; Thomas G. Whitham (Oecologia, 2015)

Maternal hypertension programs increased cerebral tissue damage following stroke in adult offspring - Nicole M. Ventura; Albert Y. Jin; M. Yat Tse; Nichole T. Peterson; R. David Andrew; Jeffrey D. Mewburn; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2015)

Discovery and structure activity relationships of 2-pyrazolines derived from chalcones from a pest management perspective - Bedia Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu; Nagihan Beyhan; Nurhayat Tabanca; Abbas Ali; David E. Wedge; Stephen O. Duke; Ulrich R. Bernier; Ikhlas A. Khan (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2015)

Extension of Dendronephthya australis soft corals in tidal current flows - Tom R. Davis; David Harasti; Stephen D. A. Smith (Marine Biology, 2015)

The novel mu-opioid antagonist, GSK1521498, reduces ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J mice - Tamzin L. Ripley; Sandra Sanchez-Roige; Edward T. Bullmore; Manolo Mugnaini; Kay Maltby; Sam R. Miller; David R. Wille; Pradeep Nathan; David N. Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

High-resolution physical and biogeochemical variability from a shallow back reef on Ofu, American Samoa: an end-member perspective - David A. Koweek; Robert B. Dunbar; Stephen G. Monismith; David A. Mucciarone; C. Brock Woodson; Lianna Samuel (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Introduction to the brain imaging and behavior special issue: mild traumatic brain injury among active duty service members and veterans - David F. Tate; Elisabeth A. Wilde; Sylvain Bouix; Stephen R. McCauley (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2015)

Erratum to: The somatic autosomal mutation matrix in cancer genomes - Nuri A. Temiz; Duncan E. Donohue; Albino Bacolla; Karen M. Vasquez; David N. Cooper; Uma Mudunuri; Joseph Ivanic; Regina Z. Cer; Ming Yi; Robert M. Stephens; Jack R. Collins; Brian T. Luke (Human Genetics, 2015)

The somatic autosomal mutation matrix in cancer genomes - Nuri A. Temiz; Duncan E. Donohue; Albino Bacolla; Karen M. Vasquez; David N. Cooper; Uma Mudunuri; Joseph Ivanic; Regina Z. Cer; Ming Yi; Robert M. Stephens; Jack R. Collins; Brian T. Luke (Human Genetics, 2015)

Microneedle characterisation: the need for universal acceptance criteria and GMP specifications when moving towards commercialisation - Rebecca E. M. Lutton; Jessica Moore; Eneko Larrañeta; Stephen Ligett; A. David Woolfson; Ryan F. Donnelly (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2015)

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Inaugural FDA/PQRI Conference - Lawrence X. Yu; Jeffrey Baker; Susan C. Berlam; Ashley Boam; E. J. Brandreth; Lucinda Buhse; Thomas Cosgrove; David Doleski; Lynne Ensor; Joseph Famulare; Mohan Ganapathy; Gustavo Grampp; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2015)

Phomalactone from a Phytopathogenic Fungus Infecting ZINNIA elegans (ASTERACEAE) Leaves - Kumudini M. Meepagala; Robert D. Johnson; Natascha Techen; David E. Wedge; Stephen O. Duke (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2015)

Gray & white matter tissue contrast differentiates Mild Cognitive Impairment converters from non-converters - Angela L. Jefferson; Katherine A. Gifford; Stephen Damon; G. William Chapman; Dandan Liu; Jamie Sparling; Vitaly Dobromyslin; David Salat (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2015)

Understanding Ocean Acidification Impacts on Organismal to Ecological Scales - Andreas Andersson; David Kline; Peter Edmunds; Stephen Archer; Nina Bednaršek; Robert Carpenter; Meg Chadsey; Philip Goldstein; Andrea Grottoli; Thomas Hurst; Andrew King; Janet Kübler; et al. (Oceanography, 2015)

Decrease in water clarity of the southern and central North Sea during the 20th century - Elisa Capuzzo; David Stephens; Tiago Silva; Jon Barry; Rodney M. Forster (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Light in the marine environment is a key environmental variable coupling physics to marine biogeochemistry and ecology. Weak light penetration reduces light available for photosynthesis, changing energy fluxes through the marine food web. Based on published and unpublished data, this study shows that the central and southern North Sea has become significantly less clear over the second half of the 20th century. In particular, in the different regions and seasons investigated, the average Secchi depth pre‐1950 decreased between 25% and 75% compared to the average Secchi depth post‐1950. Consequently, in summer pre‐1950, most (74%) of the sea floor in the permanently mixed area off East Anglia was within the photic zone. For the last 25+ years, changes in water clarity were more likely driven by an increase in the concentration of suspended sediments, rather than phytoplankton. We suggest that a combination of causes have contributed to this increase in suspended sediments such as changes in sea‐bed communities and in weather patterns, decreased sink of sediments in estuaries, and increased coastal erosion. A predicted future increase in storminess (Beniston et al ., 2007; Kovats et al ., 2014) could enhance the concentration of suspended sediments in the water column and consequently lead to a further decrease in clarity, with potential impacts on phytoplankton production, CO 2 fluxes, and fishery production.

Climate remains an important driver of post‐European vegetation change in the eastern United States - Neil Pederson; Anthony W. D'Amato; James M. Dyer; David R. Foster; David Goldblum; Justin L. Hart; Amy E. Hessl; Louis R. Iverson; Stephen T. Jackson; Dario Martin‐Benito; Brian C. McCarthy; Ryan W. McEwan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)

The role of CD8 T lymphocytes in rickettsial infections - David H. Walker; J. Stephen Dumler (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2015)

The effect of glycogen reduction on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during downhill running - James Peter Gavin; Stephen David Myers; Mark Elisabeth Theodorus Willems (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Drivers of Coastal Shoreline Change: Case Study of Hon Dat Coast, Kien Giang, Vietnam - Hai-Hoa Nguyen; Clive McAlpine; David Pullar; Stephen Joseph Leisz; Gramotnev Galina (Environmental Management, 2015)

Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica - Valéria M. Godinho; Vívian N. Gonçalves; Iara F. Santiago; Hebert M. Figueredo; Gislaine A. Vitoreli; Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer; Emerson C. Barbosa; Jaquelline G. Oliveira; Tânia M. A. Alves; Carlos L. Zani; Policarpo A. S. Junior; Silvane M. F. Murta; et al. (Extremophiles, 2015)

Temporal patterns in adult salmon migration timing across southeast Alaska - Ryan P. Kovach; Stephen C. Ellison; Sanjay Pyare; David A. Tallmon (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Pacific salmon migration timing can drive population productivity, ecosystem dynamics, and human harvest. Nevertheless, little is known about long‐term variation in salmon migration timing for multiple species across broad regions. We used long‐term data for five Pacific salmon species throughout rapidly warming southeast Alaska to describe long‐term changes in salmon migration timing, interannual phenological synchrony, relationships between climatic variation and migratory timing, and to test whether long‐term changes in migration timing are related to glaciation in headwater streams. Temporal changes in the median date of salmon migration timing varied widely across species. Most sockeye populations are migrating later over time (11 of 14), but pink, chum, and especially coho populations are migrating earlier than they did historically (16 of 19 combined). Temporal trends in duration and interannual variation in migration timing were highly variable across species and populations. The greatest temporal shifts in the median date of migration timing were correlated with decreases in the duration of migration timing, suggestive of a loss of phenotypic variation due to natural selection. Pairwise interannual correlations in migration timing varied widely but were generally positive, providing evidence for weak region‐wide phenological synchrony. This synchrony is likely a function of climatic variation, as interannual variation in migration timing was related to climatic phenomenon operating at large‐ (Pacific decadal oscillation), moderate‐ (sea surface temperature), and local‐scales (precipitation). Surprisingly, the presence or the absence of glaciers within a watershed was unrelated to long‐term shifts in phenology. Overall, there was extensive heterogeneity in long‐term patterns of migration timing throughout this climatically and geographically complex region, highlighting that future climatic change will likely have widely divergent impacts on salmon migration timing. Although salmon phenological diversity will complicate future predictions of migration timing, this variation likely acts as a major contributor to population and ecosystem resiliency in southeast Alaska.

BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants - Daniel S. Falster; Remko A. Duursma; Masae I. Ishihara; Diego R. Barneche; Richard G. FitzJohn; Angelica Vårhammar; Masahiro Aiba; Makoto Ando; Niels Anten; Michael J. Aspinwall; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Christopher Baraloto; et al. (Ecology, 2015)
Understanding how plants are constructed—i.e., how key size dimensions and the amount of mass invested in different tissues varies among individuals—is essential for modeling plant growth, carbon stocks, and energy fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. Allocation patterns can differ through ontogeny, but also among coexisting species and among species adapted to different environments. While a variety of models dealing with biomass allocation exist, we lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying processes. This is partly due to the lack of suitable data sets for validating and parameterizing models. To that end, we present the Biomass And Allometry Database (BAAD) for woody plants. The BAAD contains 259 634 measurements collected in 176 different studies, from 21 084 individuals across 678 species. Most of these data come from existing publications. However, raw data were rarely made public at the time of publication. Thus, the BAAD contains data from different studies, transformed into standard units and variable names. The transformations were achieved using a common workflow for all raw data files. Other features that distinguish the BAAD are: (i) measurements were for individual plants rather than stand averages; (ii) individuals spanning a range of sizes were measured; (iii) plants from 0.01–100 m in height were included; and (iv) biomass was estimated directly, i.e., not indirectly via allometric equations (except in very large trees where biomass was estimated from detailed sub‐sampling). We included both wild and artificially grown plants. The data set contains the following size metrics: total leaf area; area of stem cross‐section including sapwood, heartwood, and bark; height of plant and crown base, crown area, and surface area; and the dry mass of leaf, stem, branches, sapwood, heartwood, bark, coarse roots, and fine root tissues. We also report other properties of individuals (age, leaf size, leaf mass per area, wood density, nitrogen content of leaves and wood), as well as information about the growing environment (location, light, experimental treatment, vegetation type) where available. It is our hope that making these data available will improve our ability to understand plant growth, ecosystem dynamics, and carbon cycling in the world's vegetation.

Alleviating waiting impulsivity and perseverative responding by μ-opioid receptor antagonism in two inbred mouse strains - Sandra Sanchez-Roige; Tamzin L. Ripley; David N. Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Associations of prostate cancer risk variants with disease aggressiveness: results of the NCI-SPORE Genetics Working Group analysis of 18,343 cases - Brian T. Helfand; Kimberly A. Roehl; Phillip R. Cooper; Barry B. McGuire; Liesel M. Fitzgerald; Geraldine Cancel-Tassin; Jean-Nicolas Cornu; Scott Bauer; Erin L. Van Blarigan; Xin Chen; David Duggan; Elaine A. Ostrander; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

BioEarth: Envisioning and developing a new regional earth system model to inform natural and agricultural resource management - Jennifer C. Adam; Jennie C. Stephens; Serena H. Chung; Michael P. Brady; R. David Evans; Chad E. Kruger; Brian K. Lamb; Mingliang Liu; Claudio O. Stöckle; Joseph K. Vaughan; Kirti Rajagopalan; John A. Harrison; et al. (Climatic Change, 2015)

U-PB zircon tuff geochronology from the Karoo Basin, South Africa: implications of zircon recycling on stratigraphic age controls - Matthew P. McKay; Amy L. Weislogel; Andrea Fildani; Rufus L. Brunt; David M. Hodgson; Stephen S. Flint (International Geology Review, 2015)

Serological evidence of camel exposure to peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in Nigeria - Timothy Yusufu Woma; Demo Joab Usman Kalla; Pius Stephen Ekong; Hussaini Gulak Ularamu; Solomon Chuwang Chollom; Iliya Iliyasu Lamurde; Dogonyaro Benjamin Bajehson; Nenfa Danjuma Tom; Gideon Bature Aaron; David Shamaki; Dalan Bailey; Adama Diallo; et al. (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2015)

Nutritional ecology beyond the individual: a conceptual framework for integrating nutrition and social interactions - Mathieu Lihoreau; Camille Buhl; Michael A. Charleston; Gregory A. Sword; David Raubenheimer; Stephen J. Simpson (Ecology Letters, 2015)
Over recent years, modelling approaches from nutritional ecology (known as Nutritional Geometry) have been increasingly used to describe how animals and some other organisms select foods and eat them in appropriate amounts in order to maintain a balanced nutritional state maximising fitness. These nutritional strategies profoundly affect the physiology, behaviour and performance of individuals, which in turn impact their social interactions within groups and societies. Here, we present a conceptual framework to study the role of nutrition as a major ecological factor influencing the development and maintenance of social life. We first illustrate some of the mechanisms by which nutritional differences among individuals mediate social interactions in a broad range of species and ecological contexts. We then explain how studying individual‐ and collective‐level nutrition in a common conceptual framework derived from Nutritional Geometry can bring new fundamental insights into the mechanisms and evolution of social interactions, using a combination of simulation models and manipulative experiments.

CTFS ‐Forest GEO : a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Stuart J. Davies; Amy C. Bennett; Erika B. Gonzalez‐Akre; Helene C. Muller‐Landau; S. Joseph Wright; Kamariah Abu Salim; Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Alfonso Alonso; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Yves Basset; Norman A. Bourg; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long‐term forest dynamics research sites ( CTFS ‐Forest GEO ) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS ‐Forest GEO spans 25°S–61°N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS ‐Forest GEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ±30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m −2 yr −1 and 3.1 g S m −2 yr −1 ), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS ‐Forest GEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS ‐Forest GEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.

The biodiversity‐dependent ecosystem service debt - Forest Isbell; David Tilman; Stephen Polasky; Michel Loreau (Ecology Letters, 2015)
Habitat destruction is driving biodiversity loss in remaining ecosystems, and ecosystem functioning and services often directly depend on biodiversity. Thus, biodiversity loss is likely creating an ecosystem service debt: a gradual loss of biodiversity‐dependent benefits that people obtain from remaining fragments of natural ecosystems. Here, we develop an approach for quantifying ecosystem service debts, and illustrate its use to estimate how one anthropogenic driver, habitat destruction, could indirectly diminish one ecosystem service, carbon storage, by creating an extinction debt. We estimate that c . 2–21 Pg C could be gradually emitted globally in remaining ecosystem fragments because of plant species loss caused by nearby habitat destruction. The wide range for this estimate reflects substantial uncertainties in how many plant species will be lost, how much species loss will impact ecosystem functioning and whether plant species loss will decrease soil carbon. Our exploratory analysis suggests that biodiversity‐dependent ecosystem service debts can be globally substantial, even when locally small, if they occur diffusely across vast areas of remaining ecosystems. There is substantial value in conserving not only the quantity (area), but also the quality (biodiversity) of natural ecosystems for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services.

Molecular adaptations in vasoactive systems during acute stroke in salt-induced hypertension - Nicole M. Ventura; Nichole T. Peterson; M. Yat Tse; R. David Andrew; Stephen C. Pang; Albert Y. Jin (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2015)

Potential impact of invasive alien species on ecosystem services provided by a tropical forested ecosystem: a case study from Montserrat - Kelvin S.-H. Peh; Andrew Balmford; Jennifer C. Birch; Claire Brown; Stuart H. M. Butchart; James Daley; Jeffrey Dawson; Gerard Gray; Francine M. R. Hughes; Stephen Mendes; James Millett; Alison J. Stattersfield; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Fire in Australian savannas: from leaf to landscape - Jason Beringer; Lindsay B. Hutley; David Abramson; Stefan K. Arndt; Peter Briggs; Mila Bristow; Josep G. Canadell; Lucas A. Cernusak; Derek Eamus; Andrew C. Edwards; Bradley J. Evans; Benedikt Fest; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km 2 ) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of Australian savannas have coevolved with fire, yet remain driven by the dynamic constraints of their bioclimatic niche. Fire in Australian savannas influences both the biophysical and biogeochemical processes at multiple scales from leaf to landscape. Here, we present the latest emission estimates from Australian savanna biomass burning and their contribution to global greenhouse gas budgets. We then review our understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystem function and local surface water and heat balances, which in turn influence regional climate. We show how savanna fires are coupled to the global climate through the carbon cycle and fire regimes. We present new research that climate change is likely to alter the structure and function of savannas through shifts in moisture availability and increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in turn altering fire regimes with further feedbacks to climate. We explore opportunities to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from savanna ecosystems through changes in savanna fire management.

A 10,000-Year Record of Environmental Change from Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea Blandingii) Habitat at Pleasant River Fen, Nova Scotia, Canada - Ian Spooner; Susann Stolze; Bryan Martin; André Robichaud; Tom Herman; Stephen Mockford; Brennan Caverhill; David Mazzucchi; Hilary White (Wetlands, 2014)

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) - Jitender Prakash Dubey; Sarah Jane Casey; Anne Marie Zajac; Stephen Arthur Wildeus; David Scott Lindsay; Shiv Kumar Verma; Solange Oliveira; Oliver Chun Hung Kwok; Chunlei Su (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014)

Overexpression of AtDREB1D transcription factor improves drought tolerance in soybean - Satish K. Guttikonda; Babu Valliyodan; Anjanasree K. Neelakandan; Lam-Son Phan Tran; Rajesh Kumar; Truyen N. Quach; Priyamvada Voothuluru; Juan J. Gutierrez-Gonzalez; Donavan L. Aldrich; Stephen G. Pallardy; Robert E. Sharp; Tuan-Hua David Ho; et al. (Molecular Biology Reports, 2014)

Biogeographic determinants of A ustralian freshwater fish life‐history indices assessed within a spatio‐phylogenetic framework - David Sternberg; Mark J. Kennard; Stephen R. Balcombe (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim This study aims (1) to quantify the broad‐scale patterns of functional diversity and life‐history strategies of freshwater fish in relation to environmental variation across Australian river basins and (2) to identify key life‐history traits associated with species extinction risk in order to determine how fish communities and extinction‐prone species may respond to future environmental change. Location One hundred and twenty‐three river basins across eastern A ustralia. Methods Based on 10 key life‐history traits for 194 freshwater fish we used a novel analytical approach to quantify multivariate life‐history indices in relation to environmental variation within a spatio‐phylogenetic framework. We assessed the utility of our analytical framework by contrasting final models against all candidate models, both with and without an eigenvector filtering procedure, and quantified the degree of autocorrelation in all model residuals. Results Temperature, habitat heterogeneity/availability, flow variability and primary productivity accounted for between 55 and 80% of the variation in life‐history indices. Best‐performing models were all derived from the addition of spatial and phylogenetic covariates to the analytical framework which consistently produced more parsimonious final models with higher explanatory power and insignificant levels of autocorrelation in the model residuals. Main conclusion The life‐history functional diversity of fish assemblages and the composition of life‐history strategies across Australian river basins is in part determined by environmental variability, stability and seasonality, highlighting both the importance of environmentally driven community assembly processes and the potential changes to freshwater fish biodiversity in response to climate change. A spatio‐phylogenetic analytical framework is a key component in the effective management of autocorrelation in ecological data and the derivation of more rigorous trait–environment relationships.

Isolation of an aerobic vinyl chloride oxidizer from anaerobic groundwater - Heather Fullerton; Rebecca Rogers; David L. Freedman; Stephen H. Zinder (Biodegradation, 2014)

Alteration of Root Growth by Lettuce, Wheat, and Soybean in Response to Wear Debris from Automotive Brake Pads - Misty D. Dodd; Stephen D. Ebbs; David J. Gibson; Peter Filip (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014)

Speleogenetic evidence from Ogof Draenen for a pre‐Devensian glaciation in the Brecon Beacons, South Wales, UK - ANDREW R. FARRANT; CHRISTOPHER J. M. SMITH; STEPHEN R. NOBLE; MICHAEL J. SIMMS; DAVID A. RICHARDS (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2014)
The British Isles have been affected by as many as 30 glaciations during the Quaternary. However, the evidence for pre‐Devensian glaciations in upland regions is scarce. Understanding the extent and timing of earlier upland glaciations is essential for modelling the long‐term evolution and sensitivity of the British Ice Sheet. Caves, being protected from surface erosion and weathering, can preserve evidence of earlier glaciations in the form of speleothem and sediment archives. The ∼70‐km‐long Ogof Draenen cave system in South Wales, UK, contains multiple cave levels related to changes in the surface topography and drainage during the past 0.5 Ma. The cave contains evidence of massive influxes of sediment that were sufficient to choke the cave and alter the underground drainage. Analysis of the cave sediments, passage morphology and geometry suggests the cave once acted as a subterranean glacial spill‐way before being overridden by ice. Speleothem U‐series data demonstrate that this sediment influx occurred before Marine Isotope State (MIS) 9, probably during the Anglian glaciation (MIS 12). Evidence from Ogof Draenen indicates the impact of subsequent glaciations on the landscape evolution of the region was minimal and that much of the surface topography dates from the Anglian. Copyright © 2014 British Geological Survey (NERC). Journal of Quaternary Science © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Microscale sulfur cycling in the phototrophic pink berry consortia of the S ippewissett S alt M arsh - Elizabeth G. Wilbanks; Ulrike Jaekel; Verena Salman; Parris T. Humphrey; Jonathan A. Eisen; Marc T. Facciotti; Daniel H. Buckley; Stephen H. Zinder; Gregory K. Druschel; David A. Fike; Victoria J. Orphan (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary Microbial metabolism is the engine that drives global biogeochemical cycles, yet many key transformations are carried out by microbial consortia over short spatiotemporal scales that elude detection by traditional analytical approaches. We investigate syntrophic sulfur cycling in the ‘pink berry’ consortia of the S ippewissett S alt M arsh through an integrative study at the microbial scale. The pink berries are macroscopic, photosynthetic microbial aggregates composed primarily of two closely associated species: sulfide‐oxidizing purple sulfur bacteria ( PB ‐ PSB 1) and sulfate‐reducing bacteria ( PB ‐ SRB 1). Using metagenomic sequencing and 34 S ‐enriched sulfate stable isotope probing coupled with nanoSIMS , we demonstrate interspecies transfer of reduced sulfur metabolites from PB ‐ SRB 1 to PB ‐ PSB 1. The pink berries catalyse net sulfide oxidation and maintain internal sulfide concentrations of 0–500 μ m . Sulfide within the berries, captured on silver wires and analysed using secondary ion mass spectrometer, increased in abundance towards the berry interior, while δ 34 S‐ sulfide decreased from 6‰ to −31‰ from the exterior to interior of the berry. These values correspond to sulfate–sulfide isotopic fractionations (15–53‰) consistent with either sulfate reduction or a mixture of reductive and oxidative metabolisms. Together this combined metagenomic and high‐resolution isotopic analysis demonstrates active sulfur cycling at the microscale within well‐structured macroscopic consortia consisting of sulfide‐oxidizing anoxygenic phototrophs and sulfate‐reducing bacteria.

Characterization of T gene sequence variants and germline duplications in familial and sporadic chordoma - Michael J. Kelley; Jianxin Shi; Bari Ballew; Paula L. Hyland; Wen-Qing Li; Melissa Rotunno; David A. Alcorta; Norbert J. Liebsch; Jason Mitchell; Sara Bass; David Roberson; Joseph Boland; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Effects of enzyme inducers efavirenz and tipranavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of the HIV integrase inhibitor dolutegravir - Ivy Song; Julie Borland; Shuguang Chen; Phyllis Guta; Yu Lou; David Wilfret; Toshihiro Wajima; Paul Savina; Amanda Peppercorn; Stephen Castellino; David Wagner; Louise Hosking; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2014)

Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota - Andrew J. Constable; Jessica Melbourne‐Thomas; Stuart P. Corney; Kevin R. Arrigo; Christophe Barbraud; David K. A. Barnes; Nathaniel L. Bindoff; Philip W. Boyd; Angelika Brandt; Daniel P. Costa; Andrew T. Davidson; Hugh W. Ducklow; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Antarctic and Southern Ocean ( ASO ) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole‐ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole‐ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species‐specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.

Small Molecule Specific Run Acceptance, Specific Assay Operation, and Chromatographic Run Quality Assessment: Recommendation for Best Practices and Harmonization from the Global Bioanalysis Consortium Harmonization Teams - Eric J. Woolf; Stuart McDougall; Douglas M. Fast; Maristela Andraus; Matthew Barfield; Michael Blackburn; Ben Gordon; David Hoffman; Noriko Inoue; Gabriel Marcelin-Jimenez; Amy Flynn; Richard LeLacheur; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2014)

Language changes coincide with motor and fMRI changes following upper extremity motor therapy for hemiparesis: a brief report - Stacy Harnish; Marcus Meinzer; Jonathan Trinastic; David Fitzgerald; Stephen Page (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Isolation via 454 sequencing, and characterisation of microsatellite markers for the Pilbara endemic Acacia atkinsiana (Fabaceae) - Esther Levy; Margaret Byrne; David J. Coates; Stephen J. van Leeuwen; Shelley McArthur; Bronwyn Macdonald; Michael G. Gardner (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2014)

Spatio-temporal modelling of heat stress and climate change implications for the Murray dairy region, Australia - Uday Nidumolu; Steven Crimp; David Gobbett; Alison Laing; Mark Howden; Stephen Little (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

Multiple factors determine the effect of anthropogenic barriers to connectivity on riverine fish - Robert J. Rolls; Ben Stewart-Koster; Tanya Ellison; Stephen Faggotter; David T. Roberts (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014)

Reproduction, birth seasonality, and calf survival of bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand - Shaun D. Henderson; Stephen M. Dawson; Rohan J. C. Currey; David Lusseau; Karsten Schneider (Marine Mammal Science, 2014)
Understanding the reproductive parameters of very small or declining populations is of clear importance to conservation. From 1995 to 2011 we recorded calf production ( n = 71) and calf survival for 27 breeding females in the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) population in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand; a population with a recent history of declining abundance. Overall, 67% of calves survived their first year, and 40% survived to 3 yr (or are 2 yr old and still alive). Most calves that died in the first year died in their first month (87%). Multiparous mothers ( n = 18) showed high variation in calf survival. The most successful six had all but one of their 20 calves (95%) survive to 1 yr. Fourteen of the 20 (70%) survived to 3 yr, and another four are still alive and are 1 or 2 yr old. In contrast, the least successful seven mothers produced a similar number of calves (21), eight of which (38%) survived to 1 yr, and none to 3 yr. Here we describe calving seasonality and calf survival, observed over 16 yr, and show that large variation in reproductive success of individual females is an example of extreme demographic stochasticity in this small, endangered population.

Unsupported inferences of high‐severity fire in historical dry forests of the western U nited S tates: response to W illiams and B aker - Peter Z. Fulé; Thomas W. Swetnam; Peter M. Brown; Donald A. Falk; David L. Peterson; Craig D. Allen; Gregory H. Aplet; Mike A. Battaglia; Dan Binkley; Calvin Farris; Robert E. Keane; Ellis Q. Margolis; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Reconstructions of dry western US forests in the late 19th century in A rizona, C olorado and O regon based on G eneral L and O ffice records were used by W illiams & B aker (2012; G lobal E cology and B iogeography , 21 , 1042–1052; hereafter W & B ) to infer past fire regimes with substantial moderate and high‐severity burning. The authors concluded that present‐day large, high‐severity fires are not distinguishable from historical patterns. We present evidence of important errors in their study. First, the use of tree size distributions to reconstruct past fire severity and extent is not supported by empirical age–size relationships nor by studies that directly quantified disturbance history in these forests. Second, the fire severity classification of W & B is qualitatively different from most modern classification schemes, and is based on different types of data, leading to an inappropriate comparison. Third, we note that while W & B asserted ‘surprising’ heterogeneity in their reconstructions of stand density and species composition, their data are not substantially different from many previous studies which reached very different conclusions about subsequent forest and fire behaviour changes. Contrary to the conclusions of W & B , the preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that conservation of dry forest ecosystems in the western U nited S tates and their ecological, social and economic value is not consistent with a present‐day disturbance regime of large, high‐severity fires, especially under changing climate.

Temporal variability of forest communities: empirical estimates of population change in 4000 tree species - Ryan A. Chisholm; Richard Condit; K. Abd. Rahman; Patrick J. Baker; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Yu‐Yun Chen; George Chuyong; H. S. Dattaraja; Stuart Davies; Corneille E. N. Ewango; C. V. S. Gunatilleke; I. A. U. Nimal Gunatilleke; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2014)
Long‐term surveys of entire communities of species are needed to measure fluctuations in natural populations and elucidate the mechanisms driving population dynamics and community assembly. We analysed changes in abundance of over 4000 tree species in 12 forests across the world over periods of 6–28 years. Abundance fluctuations in all forests are large and consistent with population dynamics models in which temporal environmental variance plays a central role. At some sites we identify clear environmental drivers, such as fire and drought, that could underlie these patterns, but at other sites there is a need for further research to identify drivers. In addition, cross‐site comparisons showed that abundance fluctuations were smaller at species‐rich sites, consistent with the idea that stable environmental conditions promote higher diversity. Much community ecology theory emphasises demographic variance and niche stabilisation; we encourage the development of theory in which temporal environmental variance plays a central role.

Wetland Ecosystem Response to Hydrologic Restoration and Management: The Everglades and its Urban-Agricultural Boundary (FL, USA) - Pamela L. Sullivan; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Donatto Surratt; David T. Rudnick; Stephen E. Davis; Fred H. Sklar (Wetlands, 2014)

Alpha-synuclein deletion decreases motor impulsivity but does not affect risky decision making in a mouse Gambling Task - Yolanda Peña-Oliver; Sandra Sanchez-Roige; David N. Stephens; Tamzin L. Ripley (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Loss of P2X7 nucleotide receptor function leads to abnormal fat distribution in mice - Kim L. Beaucage; Andrew Xiao; Steven I. Pollmann; Matthew W. Grol; Ryan J. Beach; David W. Holdsworth; Stephen M. Sims; Mark R. Darling; S. Jeffrey Dixon (Purinergic Signalling, 2014)

Gestational hypertension and the developmental origins of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction - David W. J. Armstrong; M. Yat Tse; Philip G. Wong; Nicole M. Ventura; Jalna A. Meens; Amer M. Johri; Murray F. Matangi; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2014)

High levels of activity of bats at gold mining water bodies: implications for compliance with the International Cyanide Management Code - Stephen R. Griffiths; David B. Donato; Graeme Coulson; Linda F. Lumsden (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014)

The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data - Paul M. Thompson; Jason L. Stein; Sarah E. Medland; Derrek P. Hibar; Alejandro Arias Vasquez; Miguel E. Renteria; Roberto Toro; Neda Jahanshad; Gunter Schumann; Barbara Franke; Margaret J. Wright; Nicholas G. Martin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the neotropical tree, Pachira quinata (Malvaceae) - Paul D. Rymer; Stephen Harris; David Boshier (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2014)

Niche partitioning of bacterial communities in biological crusts and soils under grasses, shrubs and trees in the Kalahari - David R. Elliott; Andrew D. Thomas; Stephen R. Hoon; Robin Sen (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014)

AutoGate: automating analysis of flow cytometry data - Stephen Meehan; Guenther Walther; Wayne Moore; Darya Orlova; Connor Meehan; David Parks; Eliver Ghosn; Megan Philips; Erin Mitsunaga; Jeffrey Waters; Aaron Kantor; Ross Okamura; et al. (Immunologic Research, 2014)

Carbon storage in tropical forests correlates with taxonomic diversity and functional dominance on a global scale - Kyle C. Cavanaugh; J. Stephen Gosnell; Samantha L. Davis; Jorge Ahumada; Patrick Boundja; David B. Clark; Badru Mugerwa; Patrick A. Jansen; Timothy G. O'Brien; Francesco Rovero; Douglas Sheil; Rodolfo Vasquez; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim We examined (1) the relationships between aboveground tropical forest C storage, biodiversity and environmental drivers and (2) how these relationships inform theory concerning ecosystem function and biodiversity. Experiments have shown that there is a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but intense debate exists on the underlying mechanisms. While some argue that mechanisms such as niche complementarity increase ecosystem function, others argue that these relationships are a selection effect. Location Eleven tropical forests in the A mericas, A frica and A sia. Methods We analysed the correlates of biodiversity and carbon storage in tropical forests using data from 59 1‐ha tree plots from a standardized global tropical forest biodiversity‐monitoring network. We examined taxonomic and functional diversity, aboveground C storage and environmental variables in order to determine the relationships between biodiversity and carbon storage in natural (non‐plantation) tropical forests. Results We found that aboveground C storage in tropical forests increased with both taxonomic diversity and functional dominance, specifically the dominance of genera with large maximum diameters, after potential environmental drivers were accounted for (final model R 2 = 0.38, P Main conclusions Our results suggest that niche complementarity and the selection effect are not mutually exclusive: they both play a role in structuring tropical forests. While previous studies have documented relationships between diversity and C storage, these have largely been conducted on small scales in biomes that are relatively species poor compared with tropical forests (e.g. grasslands and temperate or boreal forests). Our results demonstrate that these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are also present in hyperdiverse systems on spatial scales relevant to conservation and management. This insight can be used to inform the conservation and management of tropical forests, which play a critical role in the global carbon cycle and are some of the biologically richest ecosystems on the planet.

The Next Direction for Primatology? A Commentary on Setchell (2013) - Lydia M. Hopper; David B. Morgan; Stephen R. Ross (International Journal of Primatology, 2014)

Advances in Metered Dose Inhaler Technology: Hardware Development - Stephen W. Stein; Poonam Sheth; P. David Hodson; Paul B. Myrdal (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2014)

Pyrogeography, historical ecology, and the human dimensions of fire regimes - Christopher I. Roos; David M. J. S. Bowman; Jennifer K. Balch; Paulo Artaxo; William J. Bond; Mark Cochrane; Carla M. D'Antonio; Ruth DeFries; Michelle Mack; Fay H. Johnston; Meg A. Krawchuk; Christian A. Kull; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)
In our 2011 synthesis (Bowman et al ., Journal of Biogeography , 2011, 38 , 2223–2236), we argued for a holistic approach to human issues in fire science that we term ‘pyrogeography’. Coughlan & Petty ( Journal of Biogeography , 2013, 40 , 1010–1012) critiqued our paper on the grounds that our ‘pyric phase’ model was built on outdated views of cultural development, claiming we developed it to be the unifying explanatory framework for all human–fire sciences. Rather, they suggest that ‘historical ecology’ could provide such a framework. We used the ‘pyric transition’ for multiple purposes but did not offer it as an exclusive explanatory framework for pyrogeography. Although ‘historical ecology’ is one of many useful approaches to studying human–fire relationships, scholars should also look to political and evolutionary ecology, ecosystems and complexity theories, as well as empirical generalizations to build an interdisciplinary fire science that incorporates human, ecological and biophysical dimensions of fire regimes.

Using Changes in Agricultural Utility to Quantify Future Climate‐Induced Risk to Conservation - LYNDON D. ESTES; LYDIE‐LINE PAROZ; BETHANY A. BRADLEY; JONATHAN M.H. GREEN; DAVID G. HOLE; STEPHEN HOLNESS; GUY ZIV; MICHAEL G. OPPENHEIMER; DAVID S. WILCOVE (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Much of the biodiversity‐related climate change impacts research has focused on the direct effects to species and ecosystems. Far less attention has been paid to the potential ecological consequences of human efforts to address the effects of climate change, which may equal or exceed the direct effects of climate change on biodiversity. One of the most significant human responses is likely to be mediated through changes in the agricultural utility of land. As farmers adapt their practices to changing climates, they may increase pressure on some areas that are important to conserve (conservation lands) whereas lessening it on others. We quantified how the agricultural utility of South African conservation lands may be altered by climate change. We assumed that the probability of an area being farmed is linked to the economic benefits of doing so, using land productivity values to represent production benefit and topographic ruggedness as a proxy for costs associated with mechanical workability. We computed current and future values of maize and wheat production in key conservation lands using the DSSAT4.5 model and 36 crop‐climate response scenarios. Most conservation lands had, and were predicted to continue to have, low agricultural utility because of their location in rugged terrain. However, several areas were predicted to maintain or gain high agricultural utility and may therefore be at risk of near‐term or future conversion to cropland. Conversely, some areas were predicted to decrease in agricultural utility and may therefore prove easier to protect from conversion. Our study provides an approximate but readily transferable method for incorporating potential human responses to climate change into conservation planning. Uso de Cambios en la Utilidad Agrícola para Cuantificar Riesgos Futuros para la Conservación Inducidos por el Clima

Sources of Error Model and Progress Metrics for Acoustic/Infrasonic Analysis: Location Estimation - Stephen Arrowsmith; David Norris; Rod Whitaker; Dale Anderson (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2014)

Next generation sequencing-based molecular diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa: identification of a novel genotype-phenotype correlation and clinical refinements - Feng Wang; Hui Wang; Han-Fang Tuan; Duy H. Nguyen; Vincent Sun; Vafa Keser; Sara J. Bowne; Lori S. Sullivan; Hongrong Luo; Ling Zhao; Xia Wang; Jacques E. Zaneveld; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

The Tendon Injury Response is Influenced by Decorin and Biglycan - Andrew A. Dunkman; Mark R. Buckley; Michael J. Mienaltowski; Sheila M. Adams; Stephen J. Thomas; Lauren Satchell; Akash Kumar; Lydia Pathmanathan; David P. Beason; Renato V. Iozzo; David E. Birk; Louis J. Soslowsky (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2014)

Genome-wide association study of endometrial cancer in E2C2 - Immaculata De Vivo; Jennifer Prescott; Veronica Wendy Setiawan; Sara H. Olson; Nicolas Wentzensen; John Attia; Amanda Black; Louise Brinton; Chu Chen; Constance Chen; Linda S. Cook; Marta Crous-Bou; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Microhabitats reduce animal's exposure to climate extremes - Brett R. Scheffers; David P. Edwards; Arvin Diesmos; Stephen E. Williams; Theodore A. Evans (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Extreme weather events, such as unusually hot or dry conditions, can cause death by exceeding physiological limits, and so cause loss of population. Survival will depend on whether or not susceptible organisms can find refuges that buffer extreme conditions. Microhabitats offer different microclimates to those found within the wider ecosystem, but do these microhabitats effectively buffer extreme climate events relative to the physiological requirements of the animals that frequent them? We collected temperature data from four common microhabitats (soil, tree holes, epiphytes, and vegetation) located from the ground to canopy in primary rainforests in the Philippines. Ambient temperatures were monitored from outside of each microhabitat and from the upper forest canopy, which represent our macrohabitat controls. We measured the critical thermal maxima ( CT max ) of frog and lizard species, which are thermally sensitive and inhabit our microhabitats. Microhabitats reduced mean temperature by 1–2 °C and reduced the duration of extreme temperature exposure by 14–31 times. Microhabitat temperatures were below the CT max of inhabitant frogs and lizards, whereas macrohabitats consistently contained lethal temperatures. Microhabitat temperatures increased by 0.11–0.66 °C for every 1 °C increase in macrohabitat temperature, and this nonuniformity in temperature change influenced our forecasts of vulnerability for animal communities under climate change. Assuming uniform increases of 6 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 32‐fold, whereas under nonuniform increases of 0.66 to 3.96 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 108‐fold. Microhabitats have extraordinary potential to buffer climate and likely reduce mortality during extreme climate events. These results suggest that predicted changes in distribution due to mortality and habitat shifts that are derived from macroclimatic samples and that assume uniform changes in microclimates relative to macroclimates may be overly pessimistic. Nevertheless, even nonuniform temperature increases within buffered microhabitats would still threaten frogs and lizards.

The Hypoglycemic Effect of Pumpkin Seeds, Trigonelline (TRG), Nicotinic Acid (NA), and D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) in Controlling Glycemic Levels in Diabetes Mellitus - Gary G. Adams; Shahwar Imran; Sheng Wang; Abubaker Mohammad; M. Samil Kok; David A. Gray; Guy A. Channell; Stephen E. Harding (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2014)

Mercury and Methylmercury Dynamics in the Hyporheic Zone of an Oregon Stream - Stephen R. Hinkle; Kenneth E. Bencala; Dennis A. Wentz; David P. Krabbenhoft (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

Involvement of facultative apomixis in inheritance of EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri - Daniela N. Ribeiro; Zhiqiang Pan; Stephen O. Duke; Vijay K. Nandula; Brian S. Baldwin; David R. Shaw; Franck E. Dayan (Planta, 2014)

Levisunguis subaequalis n. g., n. sp., a tongue worm (Pentastomida: Porocephalida: Sebekidae) infecting softshell turtles, Apalone spp. (Testudines: Trionychidae) in the southeastern United States - Stephen S. Curran; Robin M. Overstreet; David E. Collins; George W. Benz (Systematic Parasitology, 2014)

Jack pine foliar δ15N indicates shifts in plant nitrogen acquisition after severe wildfire and through forest stand development - Stephen D. LeDuc; David E. Rothstein; Zhanna Yermakov; Susan E. Spaulding (Plant and Soil, 2013)

A taxonomic comparison of local habitat niches of tropical trees - Claire A. Baldeck; Steven W. Kembel; Kyle E. Harms; Joseph B. Yavitt; Robert John; Benjamin L. Turner; George B. Chuyong; David Kenfack; Duncan W. Thomas; Sumedha Madawala; Nimal Gunatilleke; Savitri Gunatilleke; et al. (Oecologia, 2013)

Erratum to: The role of FOXP3 in the development and metastatic spread of breast cancer - Stephen Douglass; Simi Ali; Annette P. Meeson; David Browell; John A. Kirby (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2013)

Roles of Patch Characteristics, Drought Frequency, and Restoration in Long‐Term Trends of a Widespread Amphibian - BLAKE R. HOSSACK; MICHAEL J. ADAMS; CHRISTOPHER A. PEARL; KRISTINE W. WILSON; EVELYN L. BULL; KRISTIN LOHR; DEBRA PATLA; DAVID S. PILLIOD; JASON M. JONES; KEVIN K. WHEELER; SAMUEL P. MCKAY; PAUL STEPHEN CORN (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Despite the high profile of amphibian declines and the increasing threat of drought and fragmentation to aquatic ecosystems, few studies have examined long‐term rates of change for a single species across a large geographic area. We analyzed growth in annual egg‐mass counts of the Columbia spotted frog ( Rana luteiventris ) across the northwestern United States, an area encompassing 3 genetic clades. On the basis of data collected by multiple partners from 98 water bodies between 1991 and 2011, we used state‐space and linear‐regression models to measure effects of patch characteristics, frequency of summer drought, and wetland restoration on population growth. Abundance increased in the 2 clades with greatest decline history, but declined where populations are considered most secure. Population growth was negatively associated with temporary hydroperiods and landscape modification (measured by the human footprint index), but was similar in modified and natural water bodies. The effect of drought was mediated by the size of the water body: populations in large water bodies maintained positive growth despite drought, whereas drought magnified declines in small water bodies. Rapid growth in restored wetlands in areas of historical population declines provided strong evidence of successful management. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining large areas of habitat and underscore the greater vulnerability of small areas of habitat to environmental stochasticity. Similar long‐term growth rates in modified and natural water bodies and rapid, positive responses to restoration suggest pond construction and other forms of management can effectively increase population growth. These tools are likely to become increasingly important to mitigate effects of increased drought expected from global climate change . Papeles de las Características del Fragmento, Frecuencia de Sequía y Restauración en las Tendencias a Largo Plazo de un Anfibio Ampliamente Distribuido

Varying dietary levels of wheat pollard and wheat bran in growing pigs: effect on growth and carcass traits - Robert Mwesigwa; David Mutetikka; Stephen Kabugo; Donald Rugira Kugonza (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2013)

Determining the heritability of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice using short-term behavioral selection - David N. Linsenbardt; Stephen L. Boehm (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Top‐down control of soil fungal community composition by a globally distributed keystone consumer - Thomas W. Crowther; David W. G. Stanton; Stephen M. Thomas; A. Donald A'Bear; Jennifer Hiscox; T. Hefin Jones; Jana Voříšková; Petr Baldrian; Lynne Boddy (Ecology, 2013)
The relative contribution of top‐down and bottom‐up processes regulating primary decomposers can influence the strength of the link between the soil animal community and ecosystem functioning. Although soil bacterial communities are regulated by bottom‐up and top‐down processes, the latter are considered to be less important in structuring the diversity and functioning of fungal‐dominated ecosystems. Despite the huge diversity of mycophagous (fungal‐feeding) soil fauna, and their potential to reverse the outcomes of competitive fungal interactions, top‐down grazing effects have never been found to translate to community‐level changes. We constructed soil mesocosms to investigate the potential of isopods grazing on cord‐forming basidiomycete fungi to influence the community composition and functioning of a complex woodland soil microbial community. Using metagenomic sequencing we provide conclusive evidence of direct top‐down control at the community scale in fungal‐dominated woodland soil. By suppressing the dominant cord‐forming basidiomycete fungi, isopods prevented the competitive exclusion of surrounding litter fungi, increasing diversity in a community containing several hundred fungal species. This isopod‐induced modification of community composition drove a shift in the soil enzyme profile, and led to a restructuring of the wider mycophagous invertebrate community. We highlight characteristics of different soil ecosystems that will give rise to such top‐down control. Given the ubiquity of isopods and basidiomycete fungi in temperate and boreal woodland ecosystems, such top‐down community control could be of widespread significance for global carbon and nutrient cycling.

Resource limitation in a competitive context determines complex plant responses to experimental resource additions - Caroline E. Farrior; David Tilman; Ray Dybzinski; Peter B. Reich; Simon A. Levin; Stephen W. Pacala (Ecology, 2013)
Almost all models of plant resource limitation are grounded in either one or both of two simple conceptual models: Liebig's Minimum Hypothesis (LMH), the idea that plants are limited by the resource in shortest supply, and the Multiple Limitation Hypothesis (MLH), the idea that plants should adjust to their environment so that all essential resources are equally limiting. Despite the differences in their predictions, experiments have so far failed to discriminate between them. In a simple factorial nitrogen and water addition experiment in a Minnesota grassland, we observed shifts in allocation that, as in previous studies, are not all explained by a single theory. We found that leaf biomass responded positively to nitrogen additions but did not respond to water additions. We found that fine‐root biomass increased in response to water additions, but only at low nitrogen levels, and that fine‐root biomass decreased in response to nitrogen additions, but only at high water levels. To understand these responses we built a physiologically based model of plant competition for water, nitrogen, and space to predict plant allocation to fine roots and leaves. Critically, we include in our model the inherent variability of soil moisture and treat light, water, and nitrogen as resources with distinct mechanistic roles. Experimental results showed that plants were nitrogen and water limited. The model explains the experimental results, under conditions of co‐limitation, as follows. Foliage increases with nitrogen additions but not water additions because leaf construction is constrained by nitrogen uptake. When water is added, plants spend a larger fraction of the growing season limited by light (and effectively nitrogen) than by water. Thus, water additions cause fine‐root biomass to increase because of the increased importance of nitrogen limitation. The response of fine‐root biomass to water additions decreases with nitrogen additions because these additions reduce nitrogen limitation. In general, our results are explained by sequential resource limitation. The rate of carbon assimilation may be limited by a single resource at any one moment, but the identity of the limiting resource(s) changes throughout the growing season.

A combined geological, hydrochemical, and geophysical approach to understanding a disease contamination hazard in groundwaters at a state fish hatchery - Alan L. Mayo; Stephen T. Nelson; John H. McBride; Camille Durrant Mease; David G. Tingey; Dan Aubrey (Natural Hazards, 2013)

The new sequencer on the block: comparison of Life Technology’s Proton sequencer to an Illumina HiSeq for whole-exome sequencing - Joseph F. Boland; Charles C. Chung; David Roberson; Jason Mitchell; Xijun Zhang; Kate M. Im; Ji He; Stephen J. Chanock; Meredith Yeager; Michael Dean (Human Genetics, 2013)

Priority research questions for the UK food system - John S. I. Ingram; Hugh L. Wright; Lucy Foster; Timothy Aldred; David Barling; Tim G. Benton; Paul M. Berryman; Charles S. Bestwick; Alice Bows-Larkin; Tim F. Brocklehurst; Judith Buttriss; John Casey; et al. (Food Security, 2013)
The rise of food security up international political, societal and academic agendas has led to increasing interest in novel means of improving primary food production and reducing waste. There are however, also many ‘post-farm gate’ activities that are critical to food security, including processing, packaging, distributing, retailing, cooking and consuming. These activities all affect a range of important food security elements, notably availability, affordability and other aspects of access, nutrition and safety. Addressing the challenge of universal food security, in the context of a number of other policy goals (e.g. social, economic and environmental sustainability), is of keen interest to a range of UK stakeholders but requires an up-to-date evidence base and continuous innovation. An exercise was therefore conducted, under the auspices of the UK Global Food Security Programme, to identify priority research questions with a focus on the UK food system (though the outcomes may be broadly applicable to other developed nations). Emphasis was placed on incorporating a wide range of perspectives (‘world views’) from different stakeholder groups: policy, private sector, non-governmental organisations, advocacy groups and academia. A total of 456 individuals submitted 820 questions from which 100 were selected by a process of online voting and a three-stage workshop voting exercise. These 100 final questions were sorted into 10 themes and the ‘top’ question for each theme identified by a further voting exercise. This step also allowed four different stakeholder groups to select the top 7–8 questions from their perspectives. Results of these voting exercises are presented. It is clear from the wide range of questions prioritised in this exercise that the different stakeholder groups identified specific research needs on a range of post-farm gate activities and food security outcomes. Evidence needs related to food affordability, nutrition and food safety (all key elements of food security) featured highly in the exercise. While there were some questions relating to climate impacts on production, other important topics for food security (e.g. trade, transport, preference and cultural needs) were not viewed as strongly by the participants.

Kv7/M-type potassium channels in rat skin keratinocytes - Joanne M. Reilly; Vsevolod Telezhkin; Gayle M. Passmore; Stephen J. Marsh; David A. Brown (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2013)

Does increasing the spatial resolution of a regional climate model improve the simulated daily precipitation? - Steven C. Chan; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Hayley J. Fowler; Stephen Blenkinsop; Christopher A. T. Ferro; David B. Stephenson (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Pregnancy-related characteristics and breast cancer risk - Theodore M. Brasky; Yanli Li; David J. Jaworowicz; Nancy Potischman; Christine B. Ambrosone; Alan D. Hutson; Jing Nie; Peter G. Shields; Maurizio Trevisan; Carole B. Rudra; Stephen B. Edge; Jo L. Freudenheim (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Neuronal fiber bundle lengths in healthy adult carriers of the ApoE4 allele: A quantitative tractography DTI study - Lauren E. Salminen; Peter R. Schofield; Elizabeth M. Lane; Jodi M. Heaps; Kerrie D. Pierce; Ryan Cabeen; David H. Laidlaw; Erbil Akbudak; Thomas E. Conturo; Stephen Correia; Robert H. Paul (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

Asymmetric response of early warning indicators of phytoplankton transition to and from cycles - Ryan D. Batt; William A. Brock; Stephen R. Carpenter; Jonathan J. Cole; Michael L. Pace; David A. Seekell (Theoretical Ecology, 2013)

Evidence of alternate attractors from a whole-ecosystem regime shift experiment - David A. Seekell; Timothy J. Cline; Stephen R. Carpenter; Michael L. Pace (Theoretical Ecology, 2013)

Does geographic origin dictate ecological strategies in Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.? Evidence from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes - Alan Gray; David Odee; Stephen Cavers; Julia Wilson; Annika Telford; Fiona Grant; Mayécor Diouf; John Ochieng; Helen Grant; Andy Stott (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Evaluation of a morphological filter in mean cardiac output determination: application to left ventricular assist devices - Michael Charles Stevens; Andrew P. Bradley; Stephen J. Wilson; David Glen Mason (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2013)

Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites - Andrew N. Gillison; David E. Bignell; Kenneth R. W. Brewer; Erick C. M. Fernandes; David T. Jones; Douglas Sheil; Peter H. May; Allan D. Watt; Reginaldo Constantino; Eduardo G. Couto; Kurniatun Hairiah; Paul Jepson; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

A Review of Health and Safety Leadership and Managerial Practices on Modern Dairy Farms - G. Robert Hagevoort; David I. Douphrate; Stephen J. Reynolds (Journal of Agromedicine, 2013)

Work-Related Injuries and Fatalities on Dairy Farm Operations—A Global Perspective - David I. Douphrate; Lorann Stallones; Christina Lunner Kolstrup; Matthew W. Nonnenmann; Stefan Pinzke; G. Robert Hagevoort; Peter Lundqvist; Martina Jakob; Huiyun Xiang; Ling Xue; Paul Jarvie; Stephen A. McCurdy; et al. (Journal of Agromedicine, 2013)

The Dairy Industry: A Brief Description of Production Practices, Trends, and Farm Characteristics Around the World - David I. Douphrate; G. Robert Hagevoort; Matthew W. Nonnenmann; Christina Lunner Kolstrup; Stephen J. Reynolds; Martina Jakob; Mark Kinsel (Journal of Agromedicine, 2013)

A basic residue in the proximal C-terminus is necessary for efficient activation of the M-channel subunit Kv7.2 by PI(4,5)P2 - Vsevolod Telezhkin; Alison M. Thomas; Stephen C. Harmer; Andrew Tinker; David A. Brown (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2013)

Paths to selection on life history loci in different natural environments across the native range of A rabidopsis thaliana - Alexandre Fournier‐Level; Amity M. Wilczek; Martha D. Cooper; Judith L. Roe; Jillian Anderson; Deren Eaton; Brook T. Moyers; Renee H. Petipas; Robert N. Schaeffer; Bjorn Pieper; Matthieu Reymond; Maarten Koornneef; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Selection on quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) may vary among natural environments due to differences in the genetic architecture of traits, environment‐specific allelic effects or changes in the direction and magnitude of selection on specific traits. To dissect the environmental differences in selection on life history QTL across climatic regions, we grew a panel of interconnected recombinant inbred lines ( RIL s) of Arabidopsis thaliana in four field sites across its native European range. For each environment, we mapped QTL for growth, reproductive timing and development. Several QTL were pleiotropic across environments, three colocalizing with known functional polymorphisms in flowering time genes ( CRY 2 , FRI and MAF 2‐5 ), but major QTL differed across field sites, showing conditional neutrality. We used structural equation models to trace selection paths from QTL to lifetime fitness in each environment. Only three QTL directly affected fruit number, measuring fitness. Most QTL had an indirect effect on fitness through their effect on bolting time or leaf length. Influence of life history traits on fitness differed dramatically across sites, resulting in different patterns of selection on reproductive timing and underlying QTL . In two oceanic field sites with high prereproductive mortality, QTL alleles contributing to early reproduction resulted in greater fruit production, conferring selective advantage, whereas alleles contributing to later reproduction resulted in larger size and higher fitness in a continental site. This demonstrates how environmental variation leads to change in both QTL effect sizes and direction of selection on traits, justifying the persistence of allelic polymorphism at life history QTL across the species range.

Arthropod food webs become increasingly lipid‐limited at higher trophic levels - Shawn M. Wilder; Michael Norris; Raymond W. Lee; David Raubenheimer; Stephen J. Simpson (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Understanding why food chains are relatively short in length has been an area of research and debate for decades. We tested if progressive changes in the nutritional content of arthropods with trophic position limit the availability of a key nutrient, lipid, for carnivores. Arthropods at higher trophic levels had progressively less lipid and more protein in their bodies compared with arthropods at lower trophic levels. The nutrients present in arthropod bodies were directly related to the nutrients that predators extracted when feeding on those arthropods. As a consequence, nutrient assimilation shifted from lipid‐biased to protein‐biased as arthropods ascended trophic levels from herbivores to secondary carnivores. Successive changes in the nutritional consequences of predation may ultimately set an upper limit on the number of trophic levels in arthropod communities. Further work is needed to examine the influence of lipid and other nutrients on food web traits in a range of ecosystems.

Informing future cartilage repair strategies: a comparative study of three different human cell types for cartilage tissue engineering - Sushmita Saha; Jennifer Kirkham; David Wood; Stephen Curran; Xuebin B. Yang (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Persistent reduced ecosystem respiration after insect disturbance in high elevation forests - David J. P. Moore; Nicole A. Trahan; Phil Wilkes; Tristan Quaife; Britton B. Stephens; Kelly Elder; Ankur R. Desai; Jose Negron; Russell K. Monson (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Amid a worldwide increase in tree mortality, mountain pine beetles ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) have led to the death of billions of trees from Mexico to Alaska since 2000. This is predicted to have important carbon, water and energy balance feedbacks on the Earth system. Counter to current projections, we show that on a decadal scale, tree mortality causes no increase in ecosystem respiration from scales of several square metres up to an 84 km 2 valley. Rather, we found comparable declines in both gross primary productivity and respiration suggesting little change in net flux, with a transitory recovery of respiration 6–7 years after mortality associated with increased incorporation of leaf litter C into soil organic matter, followed by further decline in years 8–10. The mechanism of the impact of tree mortality caused by these biotic disturbances is consistent with reduced input rather than increased output of carbon.

Morphological and morphometrical description of the glochidia of Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Hyriidae) - Michael W. Klunzinger; Gordon J. Thomson; Stephen J. Beatty; David L. Morgan; Alan J. Lymbery (Molluscan Research, 2013)

Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession coincides with shifts in organic nitrogen availability and canopy closure in post-wildfire jack pine forests - Stephen D. LeDuc; Erik A. Lilleskov; Thomas R. Horton; David E. Rothstein (Oecologia, 2013)

Consistent proportional macronutrient intake selected by adult domestic cats (Felis catus) despite variations in macronutrient and moisture content of foods offered - Adrian K. Hewson-Hughes; Victoria L. Hewson-Hughes; Alison Colyer; Andrew T. Miller; Simon R. Hall; David Raubenheimer; Stephen J. Simpson (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2013)

Biogeographic partitioning of S outhern O cean microorganisms revealed by metagenomics - David Wilkins; Federico M. Lauro; Timothy J. Williams; Matthew Z. Demaere; Mark V. Brown; Jeffrey M. Hoffman; Cynthia Andrews‐Pfannkoch; Jeffrey B. Mcquaid; Martin J. Riddle; Stephen R. Rintoul; Ricardo Cavicchioli (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary We performed a metagenomic survey (6.6 Gbp of 454 sequence data) of S outhern O cean ( SO ) microorganisms during the austral summer of 2007–2008, examining the genomic signatures of communities across a latitudinal transect from Hobart (44° S ) to the M ertz G lacier, A ntarctica (67° S ). Operational taxonomic units ( OTUs ) of the SAR 11 and SAR 116 clades and the cyanobacterial genera P rochlorococcus and S ynechococcus were strongly overrepresented north of the P olar F ront ( PF ). Conversely, OTUs of the G ammaproteobacterial S ulfur O xidizer‐ EOSA ‐1 ( GSO‐EOSA ‐1) complex, the phyla B acteroidetes and V errucomicrobia and order R hodobacterales were characteristic of waters south of the PF . Functions enriched south of the PF included a range of transporters, sulfur reduction and histidine degradation to glutamate, while branched‐chain amino acid transport, nucleic acid biosynthesis and methionine salvage were overrepresented north of the PF . The taxonomic and functional characteristics suggested a shift of primary production from cyanobacteria in the north to eukaryotic phytoplankton in the south, and reflected the different trophic statuses of the two regions. The study provides a new level of understanding about SO microbial communities, describing the contrasting taxonomic and functional characteristics of microbial assemblages either side of the PF .

A physical map of the Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) genome and its integration with the genetic map - Guang-Chen Fang; Barbara P. Blackmon; Margaret E. Staton; C. Dana Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak; Bode A. Olukolu; David Henry; Tatyana Zhebentyayeva; Christopher A. Saski; Chun-Huai Cheng; Megan Monsanto; Stephen Ficklin; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2013)

Dissecting direct and indirect genetic effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility - Mateusz Siedlinski; Dustin Tingley; Peter J. Lipman; Michael H. Cho; Augusto A. Litonjua; David Sparrow; Per Bakke; Amund Gulsvik; David A. Lomas; Wayne Anderson; Xiangyang Kong; Stephen I. Rennard; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

Genetic variants associated with VLDL, LDL and HDL particle size differ with race/ethnicity - Alexis C. Frazier-Wood; Ani Manichaikul; Stella Aslibekyan; Ingrid B. Borecki; David C. Goff; Paul N. Hopkins; Chao-Qiang Lai; Jose M. Ordovas; Wendy S. Post; Stephen S. Rich; Michèle M. Sale; David Siscovick; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation site networks under climate change: accounting for uncertainty - Robert Bagchi; Mike Crosby; Brian Huntley; David G. Hole; Stuart H. M. Butchart; Yvonne Collingham; Mohit Kalra; Jagadish Rajkumar; Asad Rahmani; Mitra Pandey; Hum Gurung; Le Trong Trai; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
We forecasted potential impacts of climate change on the ability of a network of key sites for bird conservation (Important Bird Areas; IBA s) to provide suitable climate for 370 bird species of current conservation concern in two Asian biodiversity hotspots: the Eastern Himalaya and Lower Mekong. Comparable studies have largely not accounted for uncertainty, which may lead to inappropriate conclusions. We quantified the contribution of four sources of variation (choice of general circulation models, emission scenarios and species distribution modelling methods and variation in species distribution data) to uncertainty in forecasts and tested if our projections were robust to these uncertainties. Declines in the availability of suitable climate within the IBA network by 2100 were forecast as ‘extremely likely’ for 45% of species, whereas increases were projected for only 2%. Thus, we predict almost 24 times as many ‘losers’ as ‘winners’. However, for no species was suitable climate ‘extremely likely’ to be completely lost from the network. Considerable turnover (median = 43%, 95% CI = 35–69%) in species compositions of most IBA s were projected by 2100. Climatic conditions in 47% of IBA s were projected as ‘extremely likely’ to become suitable for fewer priority species. However, no IBA was forecast to become suitable for more species. Variation among General Circulation Models and Species Distribution Models contributed most to uncertainty among forecasts. This uncertainty precluded firm conclusions for 53% of species and IBA s because 95% confidence intervals included projections of no change. Considering this uncertainty, however, allows robust recommendations concerning the remaining species and IBA s. Overall, while the IBA network will continue to sustain bird conservation, climate change will modify which species each site will be suitable for. Thus, adaptive management of the network, including modified site conservation strategies and facilitating species' movement among sites, is critical to ensure effective future conservation.

Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of nutrient enrichment - Forest Isbell; David Tilman; Stephen Polasky; Seth Binder; Peter Hawthorne (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Although nutrient enrichment frequently decreases biodiversity, it remains unclear whether such biodiversity losses are readily reversible, or are critical transitions between alternative low‐ and high‐diversity stable states that could be difficult to reverse. Our 30‐year grassland experiment shows that plant diversity decreased well below control levels after 10 years of chronic high rates (95–270 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) of nitrogen addition, and did not recover to control levels 20 years after nitrogen addition ceased. Furthermore, we found a hysteretic response of plant diversity to increases and subsequent decreases in soil nitrate concentrations. Our results suggest that chronic nutrient enrichment created an alternative low‐diversity state that persisted despite decreases in soil nitrate after cessation of nitrogen addition, and despite supply of propagules from nearby high‐diversity plots. Thus, the regime shifts between alternative stable states that have been reported for some nutrient‐enriched aquatic ecosystems may also occur in grasslands.

Phycobilisome composition in Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from a wild type strain and its vegetatively derived green mutant - M. Lynn Cornish; Stephen J.B. O' Leary; David J. Garbary (Algae, 2013)

Evaluating Postgraduate Public Health and Biomedical Training Program Outcomes: - Jessica Faupel-Badger; David E. Nelson; Stephen Marcus; Aisha Kudura; Elaine Nghiem (Journal of Cancer Education, 2013)

Intertidal habitat composition and regional-scale shoreline morphology along the Benguela coast - Linda Harris; Stephen Holness; Ronel Nel; Amanda T. Lombard; David Schoeman (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2013)

A method of estimating bulk potential permeability in fractured-rock aquifers using field-derived fracture data and type curves - Alex K. Manda; Stephen B. Mabee; David F. Boutt; Michele L. Cooke (Hydrogeology Journal, 2013)

Tree growth-competition relationships in thinned Eucalyptus plantations vary with stand structure and site quality - David I. Forrester; Stephen R. Elms; Thomas G. Baker (European Journal of Forest Research, 2013)

Polymorphisms in genes related to one-carbon metabolism are not related to pancreatic cancer in PanScan and PanC4 - Max Leenders; Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee; Paolo Vineis; Victoria Stevens; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laufey Amundadottir; Myron Gross; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; Eric J. Duell; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Occupancy modelling as a new approach to assess supranational trends using opportunistic data: a pilot study for the damselfly Calopteryx splendens - Arco J. van Strien; Tim Termaat; Vincent Kalkman; Marijn Prins; Geert De Knijf; Anne-Laure Gourmand; Xavier Houard; Brian Nelson; Calijn Plate; Stephen Prentice; Eugenie Regan; David Smallshire; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Deltocyathiidae, an early‐diverging family of Robust corals (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) - Marcelo V. Kitahara; Stephen D. Cairns; Jarosław Stolarski; David J. Miller (Zoologica Scripta, 2013)
Kitahara, M.V., Cairns, S.D., Stolarski, J. & Miller, D.J. (2012). Deltocyathiidae, an early‐diverging family of Robust corals (Anthozoa, Scleractinia). — Zoologica Scripta , 00 , 000–000. Over the last decade, molecular phylogenetics has called into question some fundamental aspects of coral systematics. Within the Scleractinia, most families composed exclusively by zooxanthellate species are polyphyletic on the basis of molecular data, and the second most speciose coral family, the Caryophylliidae (most members of which are azooxanthellate), is an unnatural grouping. As part of the process of resolving taxonomic affinities of ‘caryophylliids’, here a new ‘Robust’ scleractinian family (Deltocyathiidae fam. n.) is proposed on the basis of combined molecular (CO1 and 28S rDNA) and morphological data, accommodating the early‐diverging clade of traditional caryophylliids (represented today by the genus Deltocyathus ). Whereas this family captures the full morphological diversity of the genus Deltocyathus , one species, Deltocyathus magnificus , is an outlier in terms of molecular data, and groups with the ‘Complex” coral family Turbinoliidae. Ultrastructural data, however, place D. magnificus within Deltocyathiidae fam. nov. Unfortunately, limited ultrastructural data are as yet available for turbinoliids, but D. magnificus may represent the first documented case of morphological convergence at the microstructural level among scleractinian corals. Marcelo V. Kitahara, Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, S.P. 11600‐000, Brazil. E‐mail: kitahara@usp.br

Life cycle assessment of sponge nickel produced by gas atomisation for use in industrial hydrogenation catalysis applications - Nicholas P. Lavery; David J. Jarvis; Stephen G. R. Brown; Nicholas J. Adkins; Benjamin P. Wilson (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013)

Sex-specific differences in natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide synthase expression in ANP gene-disrupted mice - Philip G. Wong; David W. J. Armstrong; M. Yat Tse; Emily P. A. Brander; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2013)

Progressive genome‐wide introgression in agricultural Campylobacter coli - Samuel K. Sheppard; Xavier Didelot; Keith A. Jolley; Aaron E. Darling; Ben Pascoe; Guillaume Meric; David J. Kelly; Alison Cody; Frances M. Colles; Norval J. C. Strachan; Iain D. Ogden; Ken Forbes; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Hybridization between distantly related organisms can facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments, but is potentially constrained by epistatic fitness interactions among cell components. The zoonotic pathogens C ampylobacter coli and C . jejuni differ from each other by around 15% at the nucleotide level, corresponding to an average of nearly 40 amino acids per protein‐coding gene. Using whole genome sequencing, we show that a single C. coli lineage, which has successfully colonized an agricultural niche, has been progressively accumulating C. jejuni DNA . Members of this lineage belong to two groups, the ST ‐828 and ST ‐1150 clonal complexes. The ST ‐1150 complex is less frequently isolated and has undergone a substantially greater amount of introgression leading to replacement of up to 23% of the C. coli core genome as well as import of novel DNA . By contrast, the more commonly isolated ST ‐828 complex bacteria have 10–11% introgressed DNA , and C. jejuni and nonagricultural C. coli lineages each have C. coli that colonize agriculture, and consequently cause most human disease, have hybrid origin, but this cross‐species exchange has so far not had a substantial impact on the gene pools of either C. jejuni or nonagricultural C. coli . These findings also indicate remarkable interchangeability of basic cellular machinery after a prolonged period of independent evolution.

Driving on ice: impaired driving skills in current methamphetamine users - David Bosanquet; Hamish G. MacDougall; Stephen J. Rogers; Graham A. Starmer; Rebecca McKetin; Alexander Blaszczynski; Iain S. McGregor (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

A respiratory alert model for the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, USA - David M. Hondula; Robert E. Davis; David B. Knight; Luke J. Sitka; Kyle Enfield; Stephen B. Gawtry; Phillip J. Stenger; Michael L. Deaton; Caroline P. Normile; Temple R. Lee (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2013)

A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry - Fang Chen; Gary K. Chen; Daniel O. Stram; Robert C. Millikan; Christine B. Ambrosone; Esther M. John; Leslie Bernstein; Wei Zheng; Julie R. Palmer; Jennifer J. Hu; Tim R. Rebbeck; Regina G. Ziegler; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium - Joanne W. Elena; Emily Steplowski; Kai Yu; Patricia Hartge; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Michelle J. Brotzman; Stephen J. Chanock; Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon; Alan A. Arslan; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Kathy Helzlsouer; Eric J. Jacobs; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Estimating minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) boing sound density using passive acoustic sensors - Stephen W. Martin; Tiago A. Marques; Len Thomas; Ronald P. Morrissey; Susan Jarvis; Nancy DiMarzio; David Moretti; David K. Mellinger (Marine Mammal Science, 2013)
A bstract Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using visual distance sampling or capture‐recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of 14 bottom‐mounted hydrophones, distributed over a 60 × 30 km area off Kauai, Hawaii, to estimate density during 12 d of recordings in early 2006. We converted the number of acoustic cues ( i.e. , boings) detected using signal processing software into a cue density by accounting for the false positive rate and probability of detection. The former was estimated by manual validation, the latter by applying spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) methods to a subset of data where we had determined which hydrophones detected each call. Estimated boing density was 130 boings per hour per 10,000 km 2 (95% CI 104–163). Little is known about the population's acoustic behavior, so conversion from boing to animal density is difficult. As a demonstration of the method, we used a tentative boing rate of 6.04 boings per hour, from a single animal tracked in 2009, to give an estimate of 21.5 boing‐calling minke whales per 10,000 km 2 .

Genomic Resources for Evolutionary Studies in the Large, Diverse, Tropical Genus, Begonia - Adrian Christopher Brennan; Stephen Bridgett; Mobina Shaukat Ali; Nicola Harrison; Andrew Matthews; Jaume Pellicer; Alex David Twyford; Catherine Anne Kidner (Tropical Plant Biology, 2012)

The Application of Science- and Risk-Based Concepts to Drug Substance Stability Strategies - Stephen T. Colgan; Timothy J. Watson; Robert D. Whipple; Roger Nosal; Jon V. Beaman; David M. De Antonis (Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 2012)

A history of allergies is associated with reduced risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma - Marni Stott-Miller; Chu Chen; David R. Doody; Joseph L. Carter; Denise A. Galloway; Margaret M. Madeleine; Stephen M. Schwartz (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

The role of FOXP3 in the development and metastatic spread of breast cancer - Stephen Douglass; Simi Ali; Annette P. Meeson; David Browell; John A. Kirby (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2012)

Bat diversity in the lowland forests of the Heart of Borneo - Matthew J. Struebig; Monika Bożek; Jan Hildebrand; Stephen J. Rossiter; David J. W. Lane (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Contrasting effects of sunitinib within in vivo models of metastasis - Jonathan C. Welti; Thomas Powles; Shane Foo; Morgane Gourlaouen; Natasha Preece; Julie Foster; Sophia Frentzas; Demelza Bird; Kevin Sharpe; Antoinette van Weverwijk; David Robertson; Julie Soffe; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2012)

The variation of tree beta diversity across a global network of forest plots - Miquel De Cáceres; Pierre Legendre; Renato Valencia; Min Cao; Li‐Wan Chang; George Chuyong; Richard Condit; Zhanqing Hao; Chang‐Fu Hsieh; Stephen Hubbell; David Kenfack; Keping Ma; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012)
Aims With the aim of understanding why some of the world's forests exhibit higher tree beta diversity values than others, we asked: (1) what is the contribution of environmentally related variation versus pure spatial and local stochastic variation to tree beta diversity assessed at the forest plot scale; (2) at what resolution are these beta‐diversity components more apparent; and (3) what determines the variation in tree beta diversity observed across regions/continents? Location World‐wide. Methods We compiled an unprecedented data set of 10 large‐scale stem‐mapping forest plots differing in latitude, tree species richness and topographic variability. We assessed the tree beta diversity found within each forest plot separately. The non‐directional variation in tree species composition among cells of the plot was our measure of beta diversity. We compared the beta diversity of each plot with the value expected under a null model. We also apportioned the beta diversity into four components: pure topographic, spatially structured topographic, pure spatial and unexplained. We used linear mixed models to interpret the variation of beta diversity values across the plots. Results Total tree beta diversity within a forest plot decreased with increasing cell size, and increased with tree species richness and the amount of topographic variability of the plot. The topography‐related component of beta diversity was correlated with the amount of topographic variability but was unrelated to its species richness. The unexplained variation was correlated with the beta diversity expected under the null model and with species richness. Main conclusions Because different components of beta diversity have different determinants, comparisons of tree beta diversity across regions should quantify not only overall variation in species composition but also its components. Global‐scale patterns in tree beta diversity are largely coupled with changes in gamma richness due to the relationship between the latter and the variation generated by local stochastic assembly processes.

“Modeling the impact of natural resource-based poverty traps on food security in Kenya: The Crops, Livestock and Soils in Smallholder Economic Systems (CLASSES) model” - Emma C. Stephens; Charles F. Nicholson; Douglas R. Brown; David Parsons; Christopher B. Barrett; Johannes Lehmann; David Mbugua; Solomon Ngoze; Alice N. Pell; Susan J. Riha (Food Security, 2012)

Resources supporting the food web of a naturally productive lake - Ryan D. Batt; Stephen R. Carpenter; Jonathan J. Cole; Michael L. Pace; Timothy J. Cline; Robert A. Johnson; David A. Seekell (Limnology and Oceanography, 2012)
A Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen were used to evaluate the extent to which six consumers (three fishes, two zooplankton, and a snail) in a naturally productive lake used terrestrial resources, epilimnetic and metalimnetic phytoplankton, benthic algae, and macrophytes. Resource use varied with consumer habitat use and feeding ability, but allochthony was consistently low (averaging 15% among consumers). The pelagic invertebrates Skistodiaptomus oregonensis and Chaoborus spp. relied on phytoplankton from the epilimnion (59% and 49%, respectively) and to a lesser extent from the metalimnion (28% and 26%, respectively); terrestrial resources comprised 9% and 18% of the diet of these consumers, respectively. The snail Helisoma trivolvis relied mainly on littoral resources (floating‐leafed macrophytes; 68% of diet), but terrestrial resources also constituted a substantial portion of its diet (21%). The fishes integrated among habitats more evenly than the other consumers, but pelagic resources formed the largest portion of their diets ( Pimephales promelas = 64%, Lepomis gibbosus = 47%, and Perca flavescens = 47%). L. gibbosus was the fish with the most allochthonous diet (23%). The consumers of this productive lake were not highly dependent on allochthonous materials and tended to rely most heavily on local resources, including macrophytes.

Neanderthal medics? Evidence for food, cooking, and medicinal plants entrapped in dental calculus - Karen Hardy; Stephen Buckley; Matthew J. Collins; Almudena Estalrrich; Don Brothwell; Les Copeland; Antonio García-Tabernero; Samuel García-Vargas; Marco Rasilla; Carles Lalueza-Fox; Rosa Huguet; Markus Bastir; et al. (The Science of Nature, 2012)

Timing of disturbance alters competitive outcomes and mechanisms of coexistence in an annual plant model - Adam David Miller; Stephen H. Roxburgh; Katriona Shea (Theoretical Ecology, 2012)

Application of recurrence quantification analysis to automatically estimate infant sleep states using a single channel of respiratory data - Philip I. Terrill; Stephen J. Wilson; Sadasivam Suresh; David M. Cooper; Carolyn Dakin (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2012)

Conditional Heteroskedasticity Forecasts Regime Shift in a Whole-Ecosystem Experiment - David A. Seekell; Stephen R. Carpenter; Timothy J. Cline; Michael L. Pace (Ecosystems, 2012)

Application of a single-objective, hybrid genetic algorithm approach to pharmacokinetic model building - Eric A. Sherer; Mark E. Sale; Bruce G. Pollock; Chandra P. Belani; Merrill J. Egorin; Percy S. Ivy; Jeffrey A. Lieberman; Stephen B. Manuck; Stephen R. Marder; Matthew F. Muldoon; Howard I. Scher; David B. Solit; et al. (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2012)

Effective communication of uncertainty in the IPCC reports - David V. Budescu; Han-Hui Por; Stephen B. Broomell (Climatic Change, 2012)

Long-term simulation of in situ biostimulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil - Stephen D. Richardson; Maiysha D. Jones; David R. Singleton; Michael D. Aitken (Biodegradation, 2012)

Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision - Pete Smith; Christian A. Davies; Stephen Ogle; Giuliana Zanchi; Jessica Bellarby; Neil Bird; Robert M. Boddey; Niall P. McNamara; David Powlson; Annette Cowie; Meine van Noordwijk; Sarah C. Davis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
I ntergovernmental P anel on C limate C hange ( IPCC ) T ier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project‐scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for L ife C ycle A ssessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended for use at large spatial scales. This can introduce error in predictions at finer spatial scales. There is an urgent need for development and implementation of higher tier methodologies that can be applied at fine spatial scales (e.g. farm/project/plantation) for food and bioenergy crop greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting to facilitate decision making in the land‐based sectors. Higher tier methods have been defined by IPCC and must be well evaluated and operate across a range of domains (e.g. climate region, soil type, crop type, topography), and must account for land use transitions and management changes being implemented. Furthermore, the data required to calibrate and drive the models used at higher tiers need to be available and applicable at fine spatial resolution, covering the meteorological, soil, cropping system and management domains, with quantified uncertainties. Testing the reliability of the models will require data either from sites with repeated measurements or from chronosequences. We review current global capability for estimating changes in soil carbon at fine spatial scales and present a vision for a framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon, which could be used for addressing issues such as bioenergy and biofuel sustainability, food security, forest protection, and direct/indirect impacts of land use change. The aim of this framework is to provide a globally accepted standard of carbon measurement and modelling appropriate for GHG accounting that could be applied at project to national scales (allowing outputs to be scaled up to a country level), to address the impacts of land use and land management change on soil carbon.

Premature to conclude no genetic basis to the association between smoking and major depressive disorder - David Lawrence; Francis Mitrou; Stephen R. Zubrick (Human Genetics, 2012)

Zebrafish: a model for the study of addiction genetics - Eric W. Klee; Henning Schneider; Karl J. Clark; Margot A. Cousin; Jon O. Ebbert; W. Michael Hooten; Victor M. Karpyak; David O. Warner; Stephen C. Ekker (Human Genetics, 2012)

Over-expression of BMP4 inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularization by modulating VEGF and MMP-9 - Jing Xu; Danhong Zhu; Shozo Sonoda; Shikun He; Christine Spee; Stephen J. Ryan; David R. Hinton (Angiogenesis, 2012)

Comparing volunteer and professionally collected monitoring data from the rocky subtidal reefs of Southern California, USA - David J. Gillett; Daniel J. Pondella; Jan Freiwald; Kenneth C. Schiff; Jennifer E. Caselle; Craig Shuman; Stephen B. Weisberg (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012)

Bacterial community profiles from sediments of the Anacostia River using metabolic and molecular analyses - Karen L. Bushaw-Newton; Evan C. Ewers; David J. Velinsky; Jeffrey T. F. Ashley; Stephen E. MacAvoy (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012)