Correction: Evaluating Hydrogeomorphic Condition Across Ecosystem States in a Non-tidal, Brackish Peat Marsh of the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA - Lukas Lamb-Wotton; Tiffany G. Troxler; Carlos Coronado-Molina; Stephen E. Davis; Daniel Gann; Khandker S. Ishtiaq; Sparkle L. Malone; Paulo Olivas; David T. Rudnick; Fred H. Sklar (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)

Evaluating Hydrogeomorphic Condition Across Ecosystem States in a Non-tidal, Brackish Peat Marsh of the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA - Lukas Lamb-Wotton; Tiffany G. Troxler; Carlos Coronado-Molina; Stephen E. Davis; Daniel Gann; Khandker S. Ishtiaq; Sparkle L. Malone; Paulo Olivas; David T. Rudnick; Fred H. Sklar (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Emergent marsh and open water have been identified as alternate stable states in tidal marshes with large, relative differences in hydrogeomorphic conditions. In the Florida coastal Everglades, concern has been raised regarding the loss of non-tidal, coastal peat marsh via dieback of emergent vegetation and peat collapse. To aid in the identification of alternate stable states, our objective was to characterize the variability of hydrogeomorphic and biologic conditions using a field survey and long-term monitoring of hydrologic and geomorphic conditions across a range of vegetated (emergent, submerged) and unvegetated (open water) communities, which we refer to as “ecosystem states,” in a non-tidal, brackish peat marsh of the coastal Everglades. Results show (1) linear relationships among field-surveyed geomorphic, hydrologic, and biologic variables, with a 35-cm mean difference in soil surface elevation between emergent and open water states, (2) an overall decline in soil elevation in the submerged state that was related to cumulative dry days, and (3) a 2× increase in porewater salinity during the dry season in the emergent state that was also related to the number of dry days. Coupled with findings from previous experiments, we propose a conceptual model that describes how seasonal hydrologic variability may lead to ecosystem state transitions between emergent and open water alternate states. Since vegetative states are only moderately salt tolerant, as sea-level rise pushes the saltwater front inland, the importance of continued progress on Everglades restoration projects, with an aim to increase the volume of freshwater being delivered to coastal wetlands, is the primary management intervention available to mitigate salinization and slow ecosystem state shifts in non-tidal, brackish peat marshes.

Land-use interactions, Oil-Field infrastructure, and natural processes control hydrocarbon and arsenic concentrations in groundwater, Poso Creek Oil Field, California, USA - Peter B. McMahon; Matthew K. Landon; Michael J. Stephens; Kim A. Taylor; Michael T. Wright; Angela M. Hansen; Tamara E.C. Kraus; Isabelle M. Cozzarelli; David H. Shimabukuro; Theron A. Sowers; Justin T. Kulongoski; Andrew G. Hunt; et al. (Applied Geochemistry, 2024)

Effect of soybean meal enhancements on juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) growth performance, gut microbiome and behavior - David Benhaïm; Clara Sauphar; Benoit Berlizot; Gabrielle Ladurée; Stephen Knobloch; Rannveig Björnsdóttir; Margareth Øverland; Alexandra Leeper (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2024)

The Late Holocene deglaciation of James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula: OSL and 14C-dated multi-proxy sedimentary record from Monolith Lake - Matěj Roman; Anna Píšková; David C.W. Sanderson; Alan J. Cresswell; Marie Bulínová; Matěj Pokorný; Jan Kavan; Stephen J.A. Jennings; Juan M. Lirio; Linda Nedbalová; Veronika Sacherová; Kateřina Kopalová; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Projections of future streamflow for Australia informed by CMIP6 and previous generations of global climate models - Hongxing Zheng; Francis H.S. Chiew; David A. Post; David E. Robertson; Stephen P. Charles; Michael R. Grose; Nicholas J. Potter (Journal of Hydrology, 2024)

Modelling carbon flows from live biomass to soils using the full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) - David I. Forrester; Jacqueline R. England; Keryn I. Paul; Dan F. Rosauer; Stephen H. Roxburgh (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2024)

Whole-farm yield map datasets – Data validation for exploring spatiotemporal yield and economic stability - David E. Clarke; Elizabeth A. Stockdale; Jacqueline A. Hannam; Benjamin P. Marchant; Stephen H. Hallett (Agricultural Systems, 2024)

Modelling the spatial abundance of invasive deer and their impacts on vegetation at the landscape scale - Melissa Fedrigo; Ami Bennett; Stephen B. Stewart; David M. Forsyth; Joe Greet (Biological Invasions, 2024)
Deer populations and their impacts on forest ecosystems are increasing globally. Given the imperative and expense to mitigate impacts of invasive deer, we aimed to elucidate critical drivers of (i) deer density, (ii) deer impacts, and (iii) the relationship between them, to facilitate targeted management. We used quantile regression forests to model deer density (faecal pellet counts at 1948 locations) and impacts (browsing and other impacts on > 23,000 woody plants at 343 locations) across a mosaic of agricultural and forested ecosystems in Victoria, Australia (12,775 km 2 ). Climate, topography, vegetation cover, and distance to water features were included as model covariates. Modelled deer density ( r 2 = 0.71, MAE = 0.56 pellets/m 2 ) was most influenced by distance to waterbodies (> 10 ha, 31.2%), elevation (14.3%) and woody vegetation cover (12.9%). Modelled deer impact ( r 2 = 0.32, MAE = 6.9%) was most influenced by deer density (21.0%), mean annual precipitation (12.8%) and elevation (12.2%). Deer density was typically highest near large waterbodies, at low elevation, and with intermediate tree cover (40–70%). Impacts increased steadily with deer density up to ~ 2 pellets/m 2 . Our study demonstrates the importance of forest water and forest agricultural interfaces for both deer density and impacts. Deer are likely to be most abundant near waterbodies due to the availability of high-quality forage and water, and prefer lowland locations that have access to both open and forested habitats. Spatial models can be used to predict deer density and associated impacts to facilitate targeted invasive deer management.

A circumpolar study unveils a positive non‐linear effect of temperature on arctic arthropod availability that may reduce the risk of warming‐induced trophic mismatch for breeding shorebirds - Aurélie Chagnon‐Lafortune; Éliane Duchesne; Pierre Legagneux; Laura McKinnon; Jeroen Reneerkens; Nicolas Casajus; Kenneth F. Abraham; Élise Bolduc; Glen S. Brown; Stephen C. Brown; H. River Gates; Olivier Gilg; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Seasonally abundant arthropods are a crucial food source for many migratory birds that breed in the Arctic. In cold environments, the growth and emergence of arthropods are particularly tied to temperature. Thus, the phenology of arthropods is anticipated to undergo a rapid change in response to a warming climate, potentially leading to a trophic mismatch between migratory insectivorous birds and their prey. Using data from 19 sites spanning a wide temperature gradient from the Subarctic to the High Arctic, we investigated the effects of temperature on the phenology and biomass of arthropods available to shorebirds during their short breeding season at high latitudes. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to warmer summer temperatures would generate earlier peaks in arthropod biomass, as well as higher peak and seasonal biomass. Across the temperature gradient encompassed by our study sites (>10°C in average summer temperatures), we found a 3‐day shift in average peak date for every increment of 80 cumulative thawing degree‐days. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between temperature and arthropod biomass only below temperature thresholds. Higher temperatures were associated with higher peak and seasonal biomass below 106 and 177 cumulative thawing degree‐days, respectively, between June 5 and July 15. Beyond these thresholds, no relationship was observed between temperature and arthropod biomass. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can positively influence prey availability for some arctic birds. This positive effect could, in part, stem from changes in arthropod assemblages and may reduce the risk of trophic mismatch.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Understanding the effects of spatially variable riparian tree planting strategies to target water temperature reductions in rivers - Stephen J. Dugdale; Iain A. Malcolm; David M. Hannah (Journal of Hydrology, 2024)

An actor-centered, scalable land system typology for addressing biodiversity loss in the world’s tropical dry woodlands - Marie Pratzer; Patrick Meyfroidt; Marina Antongiovanni; Roxana Aragon; Germán Baldi; Stasiek Czaplicki Cabezas; Cristina A. de la Vega-Leinert; Shalini Dhyani; Jean-Christophe Diepart; Pedro David Fernandez; Stephen T. Garnett; Gregorio I. Gavier Pizarro; et al. (Global Environmental Change, 2024)

Assessing the space between science and practice in endangered species conservation - David S. Jachowski; Stephen N. Harris; Alex J. Jensen; Meghan P. Keating; Michael S. Muthersbaugh; Dana L. Nelson; Brianna R. Pruitt; Eduardo Rosales; Elizabeth A. Saldo; Keifer L. Titus (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Analysis of heat transfer and solidification within CANDU corium - Mahsa Rezaee; Dijo David; Stephen Tullis; Marilyn Lightstone (Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2024)

Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green‐up vary? - Eveling A. Tavera; David B. Lank; David C. Douglas; Brett K. Sandercock; Richard B. Lanctot; Niels M. Schmidt; Jeroen Reneerkens; David H. Ward; Joël Bêty; Eunbi Kwon; Nicolas Lecomte; Cheri Gratto‐Trevor; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota. Within and among species, however, the degree to which alterations in phenology match climate variability differ substantially. To better understand factors driving these differences, we evaluated variation in timing of nesting of eight Arctic‐breeding shorebird species at 18 sites over a 23‐year period. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a proxy to determine the start of spring (SOS) growing season and quantified relationships between SOS and nest initiation dates as a measure of phenological responsiveness. Among species, we tested four life history traits (migration distance, seasonal timing of breeding, female body mass, expected female reproductive effort) as species‐level predictors of responsiveness. For one species (Semipalmated Sandpiper), we also evaluated whether responsiveness varied across sites. Although no species in our study completely tracked annual variation in SOS, phenological responses were strongest for Western Sandpipers, Pectoral Sandpipers, and Red Phalaropes. Migration distance was the strongest additional predictor of responsiveness, with longer‐distance migrant species generally tracking variation in SOS more closely than species that migrate shorter distances. Semipalmated Sandpipers are a widely distributed species, but adjustments in timing of nesting relative to variability in SOS did not vary across sites, suggesting that different breeding populations of this species were equally responsive to climate cues despite differing migration strategies. Our results unexpectedly show that long‐distance migrants are more sensitive to local environmental conditions, which may help them to adapt to ongoing changes in climate.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Applying microelectrodes to investigate aged ductile iron and copper coupon reactivity during free chlorine application - Jennifer E. Liggett; Beatriz C. Gonzalez; Darren A. Lytle; Jonathan G. Pressman; Dionysios D. Dionysiou; Woo Hyoung Lee; Stephen M. Harmon; David G. Wahman (Water Research, 2024)

Harassment and killing of porpoises (“phocoenacide”) by fish‐eating Southern Resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) - Deborah A. Giles; Sarah J. Teman; Samuel Ellis; John K. B. Ford; Monika W. Shields; M. Bradley Hanson; Candice K. Emmons; Paul E. Cottrell; Robin W. Baird; Richard W. Osborne; Michael Weiss; David K. Ellifrit; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)
Endangered Southern Resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) are fish‐eaters that preferentially prey on adult Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). Despite being salmon specialists, individuals from all three killer whale pods (J, K, L) have been observed harassing and killing porpoises (family Phocoenidae) without consuming them. Retrospectively, we identified and analyzed 78 episodes of Southern Resident killer whales harassing porpoises between 1962 and 2020, of which 28 resulted in the porpoise's death (“phocoenacide”). Fifty‐six episodes involved harbor porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ), 13 involved Dall's porpoise ( Phocoenoides dalli ), and the porpoise species was unreported for nine episodes. Southern Resident killer whales often targeted young porpoises that were similar in size to adult Chinook salmon. Both sexes participated in porpoise harassment. Juveniles engaged in the behavior the most; however, their rates of engagement were not found to differ significantly from most other age classes. The behavior was passed through generations and social groupings, as it was first observed in L pod and spread to the other two pods. Killer whales are highly complex animals known to exhibit social learning and cultural transmission of learned behaviors, but the reason(s) for this behavior is unknown. Hypotheses include the social and developmental benefits of play, hunting practice, or displaced epimeletic behavior.

Apomixis goes a long way: Genetic evidence of persistence and long‐distance seed dispersal in an ancient landscape - Nicola Delnevo; Rachel M. Binks; Stephen van Leeuwen; David J. Coates; Shelley McArthur; Bronwyn M. Macdonald; Margaret Hankinson; Margaret Byrne (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Apomixis is a widespread trait in extreme environments worldwide, yet phylogeographical studies for species exhibiting these complex reproductive systems are still limited to temperate zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Through analyses of a combination of adult plants and seedlings, and nuclear and chloroplast DNA, we assessed the contemporary genetic outcomes of apomixis and phylogeographical patterns in an arid unglaciated landscape to understand the evolutionary trajectory of apomictic species. Location Pilbara bioregion, north‐western Australia. Taxon Senna glutinosa subsp. glutinosa . Materials and Methods Spatial patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in three chloroplast regions and 17 nuclear microsatellite markers were evaluated in 480 plants from 20 populations of S. glutinosa subsp. glutinosa across the Pilbara bioregion. We also germinated and genotyped seed for a progeny analysis to quantify polyembryony and the relative frequency of asexual versus sexual reproduction. Results We found frequent polyembryony and a high proportion of asexual offspring (84.56%), resulting in low within‐population genotypic diversity. The nuclear dataset identified 72 multilocus lineages (MLLs) with moderate pairwise population genetic fixation and low differentiation among populations with no geographically structured genetic clustering. Chloroplast DNA showed high haplotype diversity and a widespread distribution of haplotypes. Only one peripheral population presented a single unique haplotype and MLL. Main Conclusions Analysis of this woody perennial in an arid landscape shows the influence of apomixis on genetic patterns and species persistence. Haplotype diversity was indicative of long‐term persistence within the ancient Pilbara region. Widespread distribution of haplotypes and sharing of several nuclear MLLs among distant populations indicated extensive seed dispersal throughout the study area. The combination of polyploidy, facultative apomixis and extensive seed dispersal maintains genetic variability within local populations and promotes the spread of advantageous genotypes across wide geographical distances. Therefore, apomixis, rather than an evolutionary ‘dead‐end’, can be regarded as a mechanism facilitating evolutionary success of apomictic species in extreme and complex environments.

Ban mining, ban dining? Re(examining) the policy and practice of ‘militarised conservationism’ on ASM operations - George Ofosu; Daniel Siaw; David Sarpong; Stephen Danquah (The Extractive Industries and Society, 2024)

Maximising environmental pressure-response relationship signals from diatom-based metabarcoding in rivers - Martyn G. Kelly; David G. Mann; Joe D. Taylor; Stephen Juggins; Kerry Walsh; Jo-Anne Pitt; Daniel S. Read (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Sensitivity analysis of the FullCAM model: Context dependency and implications for model development to predict Australia's forest carbon stocks - David I. Forrester; Jacqueline R. England; Keryn I. Paul; Stephen H. Roxburgh (Ecological Modelling, 2024)

Identification of Regulatory Elements in Primary Sensory Neurons Involved in Trauma-Induced Neuropathic Pain - Kimberly E. Stephens; Cedric Moore; David A. Vinson; Bryan E. White; Zachary Renfro; Weiqiang Zhou; Zhicheng Ji; Hongkai Ji; Heng Zhu; Yun Guan; Sean D. Taverna (Molecular Neurobiology, 2024)
Chronic pain is a significant public health issue that is often refractory to existing therapies. Here we use a multiomic approach to identify cis-regulatory elements that show differential chromatin accessibility and reveal transcription factor (TF) binding motifs with functional regulation in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which contain cell bodies of primary sensory neurons, after nerve injury. We integrated RNA-seq to understand how differential chromatin accessibility after nerve injury may influence gene expression. Using TF protein arrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, we confirmed C/EBPγ binding to a differentially accessible sequence and used RNA-seq to identify processes in which C/EBPγ plays an important role. Our findings offer insights into TF motifs that are associated with chronic pain. These data show how interactions between chromatin landscapes and TF expression patterns may work together to determine gene expression programs in rat DRG neurons after nerve injury.

Trophic Structure and a Temporal Shift in Trophic Diversity of Mobile Consumers in a Subarctic Estuary - Jillian R. St. George; Stephen D. Petersen; James D. Roth; Steven H. Ferguson; David J. Yurkowski (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Quantifying trophic relationships within and between species in terms of trophic position, ontogeny and trophic diversity provides information on community-level structure and function. Little attention has been focused on examining the trophic structure and temporal changes of communities in freshwater-marine coupled systems in the subarctic and associated impacts of anthropogenic activity on trophic interactions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the trophic position of mobile consumers (15 species in total) within the lower Churchill River area (Churchill, Manitoba, Canada), examine trophic position variation in relation to ontogeny, and measure the trophic diversity of a fish assemblage before (1993–1995) and after (2019–2020) the installation of the Churchill River weir in the late 1990s. We used stable isotopes (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) to quantify individual and group-level variation in trophic position of thirteen fish species and two seal species and also assessed six community-level metrics of a three fish species assemblage between time periods. Overall, species that mainly foraged on freshwater resources occupied lower trophic positions than species that mainly consumed marine resources. Trophic position increased with fish age only in cisco, fourhorn sculpin, Greenland cod and northern pike. A temporal shift from a trophically diverse to a more trophically redundant fish assemblage occurred between 1993–1995 and 2019–2020. As a result, these predator species now play similar trophic roles. Information on the long-term change in trophic structure of this sub-Arctic estuarine system may help with understanding how anthropogenic activity and climate change have influenced the trophic diversity of a fish assemblage inhabiting this system.

La Niña Pushes an Endangered Temperate Soft Coral Species to the Brink of Localised Extinction - Meryl F. Larkin; Tom R. Davis; David Harasti; Stephen D. A. Smith; Kirsten Benkendorff (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Extreme weather events such as floods are becoming more frequent, and pose a substantial threat to Australia’s nearshore marine communities. In March 2021, a 450 km stretch of the eastern NSW coastline experienced a La Niña-related rainfall event over several days, resulting in large volumes of freshwater ingress to marine systems. Port Stephens, an estuary 250 km north of Sydney, recorded its highest week of rainfall on record. This was followed by two more flood events in March 2022 and June 2022. Prior to 2021, the marine-dominant Eastern Port of Port Stephens was home to the world’s largest aggregations of Dendronephthya australis , an endangered species of soft coral endemic to the south-east coast of Australia. Using data from a 2019–2022 D. australis monitoring program in Port Stephens, spanning the unprecedented series of flood events in 2021–2022, we detail the impacts of flood events on the population. Prior to the floods, aggregations of colonies were persisting, and individuals were growing at two of the four monitored sites. However, flooding in March 2021 caused a 91% decline in the remaining areal extent of D. australis . Modelling of likely causative factors highlighted water depth as the most significant environmental variable correlated with coral loss. Corals in shallower waters experienced lower salinity and were the most impacted. Continued monitoring during 2021 and 2022 documented the loss of all remaining aggregations in the estuary after further La Niña-related rainfall events, to the point where D. australis is now on the brink of localised extinction.

Excess pancreatic cancer risk due to smoking and modifying effect of quitting smoking: The Multiethnic Cohort Study - David Bogumil; Daniel Stram; Dale L. Preston; Stephen J. Pandol; Anna H. Wu; Roberta McKean-Cowdin; David V. Conti; Veronica Wendy Setiawan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2024)
Purpose Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include racial/ethnic disparities and smoking. However, risk trajectories by smoking history and race/ethnicity are unknown. We examined the association of smoking with pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity to generate age-specific incidence estimates by smoking history. Methods We modeled pancreatic cancer incidence by race/ethnicity, age, pack-years, and years-quit using an excess relative risk model for 182,011 Multiethnic Cohort participants. We tested heterogeneity of smoking variables and pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity and predicted incidence by smoking history. Results We identified 1,831 incident pancreatic cancer cases over an average 19.3 years of follow-up. Associations of pack-years ( p interaction by race/ethnicity = 0.41) and years-quit ( p interaction = 0.83) with pancreatic cancer did not differ by race/ethnicity. Fifty pack-years smoked was associated with 91% increased risk (95% CI 54%, 127%) relative to never smokers in the combined sample. Every year quit corresponded to 9% decreased excess risk (95% CI 2%, 15%) from pack-years smoked. Differences in baseline pancreatic cancer risk across racial/ethnic groups ( p < 0.001) translated to large differences in risk for smokers at older ages across racial/ethnic groups (65–122 cases per 100,000 at age 70). Conclusion Smoking pack-years were positively associated with elevated pancreatic cancer risk. Predicted risk trajectories showed a high impact of smoking cessation at < 65 years. Although we did not identify significant heterogeneity in the association of pack-years or years quit with pancreatic cancer risk, current smoker risk varied greatly by race/ethnicity in later life due to large differences in baseline risk.

Soil microbial communities alter resource allocation in Fagus grandifolia when challenged with a pathogen - Sarah R. Carrino-Kyker; Anna L. Parker; Juliana S. Medeiros; Charlotte R. Hewins; Glenn R. Novotny; Stephen L. Krebs; David J. Burke (Symbiosis, 2024)

Numerical Assessment of the Geothermal and Thermal Energy Storage Potential of the Underground Con Mine (Northwest Territories, Canada) - Dan David Ngoyo Mandemvo; Félix-Antoine Comeau; Jasmin Raymond; Stephen E. Grasby; Viktor Terlaky (Mine Water and the Environment, 2024)

Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning - Antony M. Knights; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Louise B. Firth; Todd Bond; Jeremy Claisse; Joop W.P. Coolen; Andrea Copping; Jennifer Dannheim; Michela De Dominicis; Steven Degraer; Michael Elliott; Paul G. Fernandes; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

The ethical assessment of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in wildlife conservation - Barbara de Mori; Elena Mercugliano; Pierfrancesco Biasetti; Ilaria Pollastri; Maria Michela Spiriti; Daniela Florio; Francesco Andreucci; Frank Göritz; Susanne Holtze; Cesare Galli; Jan Stejskal; Silvia Colleoni; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Lithospheric hydrous pyroxenites control localisation and Ni endowment of magmatic sulfide deposits - Isra S. Ezad; Daryl E. Blanks; Stephen F. Foley; David A. Holwell; Jason Bennett; Marco L. Fiorentini (Mineralium Deposita, 2024)

Electrocoagulation using Ti/Ti for the remediation and reuse of aqueous Dispersive Blue-79 - Sahaya Leenus Sebastian; Parameswari Kalivel; Kavitha Subbiah; Jovitha Jane David; Asath Murphy Maria Stephen; Jegathambal Palanichamy (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2024)

Optimal sample selection applied to information rich, dense data - David Wang; Tak Hung; Noelyn Hung; Paul Glue; Chris Jackson; Stephen Duffull (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2024)

Degradation kinetics of veterinary antibiotics and estrogenic hormones in a claypan soil - Adam H. Moody; Robert N. Lerch; Keith W. Goyne; Stephen H. Anderson; David G. Mendoza-Cózatl; David A. Alvarez (Chemosphere, 2024)

Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of a cancer preventative vaccine in dogs - Jenna H. Burton; Stephen Albert Johnston; David M. Vail; Jens C. Eickhoff; Kathryn F. Sykes; Justin R. Brown; Luhui Shen; Ana Gervassi; Rodney L. Page; Jennifer L. Willcox; Sami Al-Nadaf; Amanda L. Willis; et al. (Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2024)

To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? - Antony M. Knights; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Louise B. Firth; Nicola Beaumont; Silvana Birchenough; Jeremy Claisse; Joop W.P. Coolen; Andrea Copping; Michela De Dominicis; Steven Degraer; Michael Elliott; Paul G. Fernandes; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Comparison of ethanol-, isobutanol-, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol–gasoline sprays from a gasoline direct injector - Stephen Sakai; Andrea Shen; David Rothamer (Fuel, 2024)

Randomized controlled trial of propranolol on social communication and anxiety in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder - David Q. Beversdorf; Bradley Ferguson; Samantha Hunter; Kathy Hirst; Bridget Lolli; Katherine R. Bellesheim; Amy U. Barton; Julie Muckerman; Nicole Takahashi; Kimberly Selders; Ryan Holem; Kristin Sohl; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2024)

Few havens for threatened Australian animal taxa that are highly susceptible to introduced and problematic native species - John C. Z. Woinarski; David G. Chapple; Stephen T. Garnett; Sarah M. Legge; Mark Lintermans; Ben C. Scheele (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)

Geographic distribution of the Cross Seamount beaked whale based on acoustic detections - Jennifer L. K. McCullough; E. Elizabeth Henderson; Jennifer S. Trickey; Jay Barlow; Simone Baumann‐Pickering; Roanne Manzano‐Roth; Gabriela Alongi; Stephen Martin; Selene Fregosi; David K. Mellinger; Holger Klinck; Angela R. Szesciorka; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)
Beaked whales produce frequency‐modulated echolocation pulses that appear to be species‐specific, allowing passive acoustic monitoring to play a role in understanding spatio‐temporal patterns. The Cross Seamount beaked whale is known only from its unique echolocation signal (BWC) with no confirmed species identification. This beaked whale spans the Pacific Ocean from the Mariana Archipelago to Baja California, Mexico, south to the equator, but only as far north as latitude 29°N. Within these warm waters, 92% of BWC detections occurred at night, 6% during crepuscular periods, and only 2% during daylight hours. Detections of BWC signals on drifting recorders with a vertical hydrophone array at 150 m depth demonstrated that foraging often occurred shallow in the water column (

Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution? - Yongfa You; Hanqin Tian; Shufen Pan; Hao Shi; Chaoqun Lu; William D. Batchelor; Bo Cheng; Dafeng Hui; David Kicklighter; Xin‐Zhong Liang; Xiaoyong Li; Jerry Melillo; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Agricultural soils play a dual role in regulating the Earth's climate by releasing or sequestering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and emitting non‐CO 2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ). To understand how agricultural soils can play a role in climate solutions requires a comprehensive assessment of net soil GHG balance (i.e., sum of SOC‐sequestered CO 2 and non‐CO 2 GHG emissions) and the underlying controls. Herein, we used a model‐data integration approach to understand and quantify how natural and anthropogenic factors have affected the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of the net soil GHG balance in U.S. croplands during 1960–2018. Specifically, we used the dynamic land ecosystem model for regional simulations and used field observations of SOC sequestration rates and N 2 O and CH 4 emissions to calibrate, validate, and corroborate model simulations. Results show that U.S. agricultural soils sequestered Tg CO 2 ‐C year −1 in SOC (at a depth of 3.5 m) during 1960–2018 and emitted Tg N 2 O‐N year −1 and Tg CH 4 ‐C year −1 , respectively. Based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100‐year time horizon), the estimated national net GHG emission rate from agricultural soils was Tg CO 2 ‐eq year −1 , with the largest contribution from N 2 O emissions. The sequestered SOC offset ~28% of the climate‐warming effects resulting from non‐CO 2 GHG emissions, and this offsetting effect increased over time. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in net GHG emissions during 1960–2018, explaining ~47% of total changes. In contrast, reduced cropland area, the adoption of agricultural conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage), and rising atmospheric CO 2 levels attenuated net GHG emissions from U.S. croplands. Improving management practices to mitigate N 2 O emissions represents the biggest opportunity for achieving net‐zero emissions in U.S. croplands. Our study highlights the importance of concurrently quantifying SOC‐sequestered CO 2 and non‐CO 2 GHG emissions for developing effective agricultural climate change mitigation measures.

Indigenous Peoples' Lands are critical for safeguarding vertebrate diversity across the tropics - Jocelyne S. Sze; Dylan Z. Childs; L. Roman Carrasco; Álvaro Fernández‐Llamazares; Stephen T. Garnett; David P. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Indigenous Peoples are long‐term custodians of their lands, but only recently are their contributions to conservation starting to be recognized in biodiversity policy and practice. Tropical forest loss and degradation are lower in Indigenous lands than unprotected areas, yet the role of Indigenous Peoples' Lands (IPL) in biodiversity conservation has not been properly assessed from regional to global scales. Using species distribution ranges of 11,872 tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates to create area of habitat maps, we identified the overlap of these species ranges with IPL and then compared values inside and outside of IPL for species richness, extinction vulnerability, and range‐size rarity. Of assessed vertebrates, at least 76.8% had range overlaps with IPL, on average overlapping ~25% of their ranges; at least 120 species were found only within IPL. Species richness within IPL was highest in South America, while IPL in Southeast Asia had highest extinction vulnerability, and IPL in Dominica and New Caledonia were important for range‐size rarity. Most countries in the Americas had higher species richness within IPL than outside, whereas most countries in Asia had lower extinction vulnerability scores inside IPL and more countries in Africa and Asia had slightly higher range‐size rarity in IPL. Our findings suggest that IPL provide critical support for tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates, highlighting the need for greater inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in conservation target‐setting and program implementation, and stronger upholding of Indigenous Peoples' rights in conservation policy.

How an illuminated headline affects catches and species separation in a Celtic Sea mixed demersal trawl fishery - Samantha F. Birch; Stephen D. Gregory; David L. Maxwell; Marieke Desender; Thomas L. Catchpole (Fisheries Research, 2023)

A genomic test of subspecies in the Eunota togata species group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae): Morphology masks evolutionary relationships and taxonomy - Robert A. Laroche; Daniel P. Duran; Cin-Ty A. Lee; William Godwin; Stephen J. Roman; David P. Herrmann; Scott P. Egan (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Life cycle assessment of a decoupled biofloc aquaponics facility across seasons - Rohit Kalvakaalva; Mollie Smith; Stephen A. Prior; G. Brett Runion; Emmanuel Ayipio; Caroline Blanchard; Daniel Wells; David Blersch; Sushil Adhikari; Rishi Prasad; Terril R. Hanson; Brendan T. Higgins (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Regenerative farming as climate action - Mathew Stephen Alexanderson; Hanabeth Luke; David John Lloyd (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Coyotes eat flies at carrion - David S. Mason; Abby K. Jones; Brandon T. Barton; Mike Proctor; Stephen L. Webb; Marcus A. Lashley (Food Webs, 2023)

The use of Beauveria bassiana for the control of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus, in stored maize: Semi-field trials in Ghana - Belinda Luke; Mavis A. Acheampong; Drauzio E.N. Rangel; Eric W. Cornelius; Stephen K. Asante; Jerry A. Nboyine; Vincent Y. Eziah; Ken O. Fening; Clare Storm; Nick Jessop; Victor A. Clottey; Olivier Potin; et al. (Fungal Biology, 2023)

Efficacy of otolith morphometry for rapid discrimination of cryptic fishes - Miwa Takahashi; Corey B. Wakefield; Benjamin J. Saunders; David V. Fairclough; Euan S. Harvey; Stephen J. Newman (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Mouse phenome database: curated data repository with interactive multi-population and multi-trait analyses - Molly A. Bogue; Robyn L. Ball; David O. Walton; Matthew H. Dunn; Georgi Kolishovski; Alexander Berger; Anna Lamoureux; Stephen C. Grubb; Matthew Gerring; Matthew Kim; Hongping Liang; Jake Emerson; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2023)
The Mouse Phenome Database continues to serve as a curated repository and analysis suite for measured attributes of members of diverse mouse populations. The repository includes annotation to community standard ontologies and guidelines, a database of allelic states for 657 mouse strains, a collection of protocols, and analysis tools for flexible, interactive, user directed analyses that increasingly integrates data across traits and populations. The database has grown from its initial focus on a standard set of inbred strains to include heterogeneous mouse populations such as the Diversity Outbred and mapping crosses and well as Collaborative Cross, Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, and recombinant inbred strains. Most recently the system has expanded to include data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. Collectively these data are accessible by API and provided with an interactive tool suite that enables users’ persistent selection, storage, and operation on collections of measures. The tool suite allows basic analyses, advanced functions with dynamic visualization including multi-population meta-analysis, multivariate outlier detection, trait pattern matching, correlation analyses and other functions. The data resources and analysis suite provide users a flexible environment in which to explore the basis of phenotypic variation in health and disease across the lifespan.

Home range, movement, and activity patterns of the Florida spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius ambarvalis) in prairie habitat - Stephen N. Harris; Terry J. Doonan; Erin L. Hewett Ragheb; David S. Jachowski (Mammalian Biology, 2023)

Deformation of Al-Cr spinel in the diffusion creep regime: mechanical results and flow laws - Ayako M. Suzuki; Stephen J. Mackwell; Amanda M. Dillman; David L. Kohlstedt (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023)

Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models - Kathryn Whitman; Ricky Egeland; Ian G. Richardson; Clayton Allison; Philip Quinn; Janet Barzilla; Irina Kitiashvili; Viacheslav Sadykov; Hazel M. Bain; Mark Dierckxsens; M. Leila Mays; Tilaye Tadesse; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Lower muscle mitochondrial energetics is associated with greater phenotypic frailty in older women and men: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging - Theresa Mau; Haley N. Barnes; Terri L. Blackwell; Philip A. Kramer; Scott R. Bauer; David J. Marcinek; Sofhia V. Ramos; Daniel E. Forman; Frederico G. S. Toledo; Russell T. Hepple; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; Steven R. Cummings; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Antioxidants green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid confer species and strain-specific lifespan and health effects in Caenorhabditis nematodes - Stephen A. Banse; Christine A. Sedore; Erik Johnson; Anna L. Coleman-Hulbert; Brian Onken; David Hall; E. Grace Jackson; Phu Huynh; Anna C. Foulger; Suzhen Guo; Theo Garrett; Jian Xue; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) is an NIH-funded research consortium of investigators who conduct analyses at three independent sites to identify chemical interventions that reproducibly promote health and lifespan in a robust manner. The founding principle of the CITP is that compounds with positive effects across a genetically diverse panel of Caenorhabditis species and strains are likely engaging conserved biochemical pathways to exert their effects. As such, interventions that are broadly efficacious might be considered prominent compounds for translation for pre-clinical research and human clinical applications. Here, we report results generated using a recently streamlined pipeline approach for the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on lifespan and health. We studied five compounds previously shown to extend C. elegans lifespan or thought to promote mammalian health: 17α-estradiol, acarbose, green tea extract, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and rapamycin. We found that green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend Caenorhabditis lifespan in a species-specific manner. Additionally, these two antioxidants conferred assay-specific effects in some studies—for example, decreasing survival for certain genetic backgrounds in manual survival assays in contrast with extended lifespan as assayed using automated C. elegans Lifespan Machines. We also observed that GTE and NDGA impact on older adult mobility capacity is dependent on genetic background, and that GTE reduces oxidative stress resistance in some Caenorhabditis strains. Overall, our analysis of the five compounds supports the general idea that genetic background and assay type can influence lifespan and health effects of compounds, and underscores that lifespan and health can be uncoupled by chemical interventions.

Fluid migration pathways to groundwater in mature oil fields: Exploring the roles of water injection/production and oil-well integrity in California, USA - Peter B. McMahon; Mathew K. Landon; Michael J. Stephens; Kim A. Taylor; Janice M. Gillespie; Tracy A. Davis; David H. Shimabukuro (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Temporal and spatial trends in lead levels in the blood and down of Black Stork nestlings in central Europe - Katarzyna Kucharska; Łukasz J. Binkowski; Krzysztof Dudzik; James Barker; Stephen Barton; David Rupérez; Andreas Hahn (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Insight into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from cattle in Malawi - Thoko Flav Kapalamula; Joseph Yamweka Chizimu; Mwangala Lonah Akapelwa; David Atomanyi Barnes; Jirachaya Toyting; Precious Bwalya; Linda Basikolo; David Squarre; Herman M. Chambaro; Stephen V. Gordon; Jeewan Thapa; Chie Nakajima; et al. (Research in Veterinary Science, 2023)

Environmental drivers and species traits of mesophication and xerophication in forests of western New York State - Chris P.S. Larsen; Stephen J. Tulowiecki; David Robertson; Gregory J. Bream (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Estuarine-coastal connectivity and partial migration of southern flounder in the Gulf of Mexico - Christopher Steffen; Shane Stephens; Michael A. Dance; Daniel L. Lippi; Christine C. Jensen; R.J. David Wells; Jay R. Rooker (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Goethite-enriched biochar mitigates soil emissions of CO2 during arsenic passivation: Effect and mechanisms - Yihao Wang; Stephen Joseph; Chunmei Chen; Xinran Qi; David R.G. Mitchell; Hongyu Si; Jianying Shang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

A glimmer of hope for an Endangered temperate soft coral: the first observations of reproductive strategies and early life cycle of Dendronephthya australis (Octocorallia: Malacalcyonacea) - Meryl F. Larkin; Tom R. Davis; David Harasti; Stephen D. A. Smith; Tracy D. Ainsworth; Kirsten Benkendorff (Marine Biology, 2023)
The habitat-forming Endangered ‘cauliflower’ soft coral Dendronephthya australis , endemic to South-east Australia, is in rapid decline. To aid future conservation strategies, it is vital to understand the fundamental biological processes of this species, particularly reproduction. This study describes the first records of sexual reproduction and asexual clonal replication, with observations both in aquaria and in the wild. We used a combination of observations including histological analyses of fresh specimens, and images of colonies in situ taken over 19 years, to investigate the reproductive cycle of D. australis . Mature oocytes and spermaries were found to develop within colonies during February/March, 2022. We subsequently closed the life cycle of D. australis from colonies spawned in aquaria, documenting all stages of embryogenesis and larval development through to polyp metamorphosis, and successfully transplanted juvenile colonies back into the field and documented their growth over six months to a maximum 435 polyps in size. We also document autonomous fragmentation events to provide accounts of asexual clonal propagation. These records confirm that D. australis is gonochoric and likely a broadcast spawning species that is also capable of utilising asexual reproduction by clonal replication. Observations of mature gametes support the hypothesis that spawning activity coincides with the seasonal increase in water temperature, and is likely to be a continuous phenomenon over 5 months of the year (November–March). These observations not only contribute to the knowledge base for this species, but also provide invaluable information on reproductive strategies that will support conservation efforts to assist the recovery of D. australis populations.

Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials - James S. Kimber; Joshua G. Kovoor; John M. Glynatsis; Samuel J. West; Thi Thien Nhi Mai; Jonathan Henry W. Jacobsen; Christopher D. Ovenden; Stephen Bacchi; Joseph N. Hewitt; Aashray K. Gupta; Suzanne Edwards; Fiona J. Taverner; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023)
Purpose Nausea is a common and unpleasant sensation for which current therapies such as serotonin (5-HT 3 ) antagonists are often ineffective, while also conferring a risk of potential adverse events. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been proposed as a treatment for nausea. We aimed to compare IPA with 5-HT 3 antagonists for the treatment of nausea across all clinical settings. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception to 17 July 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled IPA and a 5-HT 3 antagonist for treatment of nausea. Severity and duration of nausea, rescue antiemetic use, adverse events and patient satisfaction were the outcomes sought. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Combination of meta-analyses and narrative review was used to synthesise findings. The evidence was appraised using GRADE. Results From 1242 records, 4 RCTs were included with 382 participants. Participants receiving IPA had a significantly lower mean time to 50% reduction in nausea (MD − 20.06; 95% CI − 26.26, − 13.85). Nausea score reduction at 30 min was significantly greater in the IPA group (MD 21.47; 95% CI 15.47, 27.47). IPA led to significantly reduced requirement for rescue antiemetics (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.95; p = 0.03). IPA led to no significant difference in patient satisfaction when compared with a 5-HT 3 antagonist. The overall GRADE assessment of evidence quality ranged from very low to low. Conclusion IPA may provide rapid, effective relief of nausea when compared with 5-HT 3 antagonists.

Coastal Response to the Landfall of a Hurricane on a Series of Inlets and Narrow Back-Barrier Waterways - Chiara M. Manchia; Ryan P. Mulligan; David J. Mallinson; Stephen J. Culver (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)

Advancing chemical lability assessments of organic matter using a synthesis of FT-ICR MS data across diverse environments and experiments - Juliana D'Andrilli; Carlos M. Romero; Phoebe Zito; David C. Podgorski; Robert A. Payn; Stephen D. Sebestyen; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz (Organic Geochemistry, 2023)

Habitat coupling dynamics of mobile consumers along a freshwater and marine resource gradient in a sub-Arctic estuarine system - Jillian R. St George; Stephen D. Petersen; James D. Roth; Steven H. Ferguson; David J. Yurkowski (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Boron isotopes in Central American volcanics indicate a key role for the subducting oceanic crust - Stephen J. Turner; Mattison H. Barickman; Julian Rodriguez; David A. Fike; Clive M. Jones; Kun Wang; Ivan P. Savov; Samuele Agostini; Michael J. Krawczynski; Rita Parai (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Strong breeding colony fidelity in northern gannets following high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreak - David Grémillet; Aurore Ponchon; Pascal Provost; Amandine Gamble; Mouna Abed-Zahar; Alice Bernard; Nicolas Courbin; Grégoire Delavaud; Armel Deniau; Jérôme Fort; Keith C. Hamer; Ruth Jeavons; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Den site selection by eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in the Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina - Anna C. Siegfried; Stephen N. Harris; Colleen Olfenbuttel; David S. Jachowski (Mammal Research, 2023)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual Report - Alexandra M. Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; Rachel E. Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffrey Brent; Kim Aldy; Jennifer Acciani; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Factors influencing mercury exposure in Arctic-breeding shorebirds - Marie Perkins; Iain J. Stenhouse; Richard B. Lanctot; Stephen Brown; Joël Bêty; Megan Boldenow; Jenny Cunningham; Willow English; River Gates; H. Grant Gilchrist; Marie-Andrée Giroux; Kirsten Grond; et al. (Ecotoxicology, 2023)

BioDeepTime: A database of biodiversity time series for modern and fossil assemblages - Jansen Smith; Marina C. Rillo; Ádám T. Kocsis; Maria Dornelas; David Fastovich; Huai‐Hsuan M. Huang; Lukas Jonkers; Wolfgang Kiessling; Qijian Li; Lee Hsiang Liow; Miranda Margulis‐Ohnuma; Stephen Meyers; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Motivation We have little understanding of how communities respond to varying magnitudes and rates of environmental perturbations across temporal scales. BioDeepTime harmonizes assemblage time series of presence and abundance data to help facilitate investigations of community dynamics across timescales and the response of communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors. BioDeepTime includes time series of terrestrial and aquatic assemblages of varying spatial and temporal grain and extent from the present‐day to millions of years ago. Main Types of Variables Included BioDeepTime currently contains 7,437,847 taxon records from 10,062 assemblage time series, each with a minimum of 10 time steps. Age constraints, sampling method, environment and taxonomic scope are provided for each time series. Spatial Location and Grain The database includes 8752 unique sampling locations from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial grain represented by individual samples varies from quadrats on the order of several cm 2 to grid cells of ~100 km 2 . Time Period and Grain BioDeepTime in aggregate currently spans the last 451 million years, with the 10,062 modern and fossil assemblage time series ranging in extent from years to millions of years. The median extent of modern time series is 18.7 years and for fossil series is 54,872 years. Temporal grain, the time encompassed by individual samples, ranges from days to tens of thousands of years. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database contains information on 28,777 unique taxa with 4,769,789 records at the species level and another 271,218 records known to the genus level, including time series of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophores, diatoms, ostracods, plants (pollen), radiolarians and other invertebrates and vertebrates. There are to date 7012 modern and 3050 fossil time series in BioDeepTime. Software Format SQLite, Comma‐separated values.

A multistage model of preservation in fossil plants from the Llewellyn Formation (Pennsylvanian), St. Clair, Pennsylvania, U.S.A - Stephen P. Peterson; George H. Myer; Barbara S. Grandstaff; David E. Grandstaff (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2023)

Controls on continental shelf width: A machine learning approach - Euan L. Soutter; Ian A. Kane; David M. Hodgson; Stephen S. Flint (Geomorphology, 2023)

Life-history characteristics and mortality of the protogynous hermaphroditic frostback rockcod (Epinephelus bilobatus) from the eastern Indian Ocean - Dion K. Boddington; Corey B. Wakefield; Euan S. Harvey; David V. Fairclough; Stephen J. Newman (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Editorial - Stephen C. Bowden; David W. Loring (Neuropsychology Review, 2023)

The spontaneous mouse mutant low set ears (Lse) is caused by tandem duplication of Fgf3 and Fgf4 - Alana Luzzio; Sarah Edie; Kristina Palmer; L. Brianna Caddle; Rachel Urban; Leslie O. Goodwin; Ian C. Welsh; Laura G. Reinholdt; David E. Bergstrom; Timothy C. Cox; Leah Rae Donahue; Stephen A. Murray (Mammalian Genome, 2023)

Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode‐amphipod system - David M. Rand; Joaquin C. B. Nunez; Shawn Williams; Stephen Rong; John T. Burley; Kimberly B. Neil; Adam N. Spierer; Wilson McKerrow; David S. Johnson; Yevgeniy Raynes; Thomas J. Fayton; Nicholas Skvir; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host–parasite coevolution. The trematode ( Levinseniella byrdi ) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host ( Orchestia grillus ) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.

Occurrences of tropical, subtropical and rare marine fishes in Aotearoa New Zealand indicate biodiversity change - Irene Middleton; Malcolm Francis; J. David Aguirre; Carl Struthers; Thomas Trnski; Clinton Duffy; John Anderson; Mary Carney; Nathan Cox; Stephen Hemstalk; Blair Herbert; Craig Johnston; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2023)
Aim Climate change is driving biogeographic change globally, including poleward range shifts of species and the increasing abundance of rare species. We examine spatiotemporal patterns in the occurrences of tropical, subtropical and rare marine fishes in Aotearoa New Zealand to determine whether biodiversity change is occurring in this temperate region and to set a baseline for future monitoring of climate change impacts. Location Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Taxon Marine fishes. Methods We consolidated 100 years of unpublished records and citizen science sightings of tropical, subtropical and rare fishes to develop a focal species database for NZ. Using hotspot analysis, we identified geographic locations where the occurrence and diversity of focal species is greater than expected. We examine the spatiotemporal variation in hotspots by focal species lifestage, habitat and taxonomic family. Results Focal species occurrences and diversity in NZ have increased. We present 17 new‐to‐NZ marine fish species, and a new‐to‐NZ family. Focal species now account for 6.5% of pelagic fishes and 17.3% of benthic fishes in NZ. The northeast of the North Island (Te Ika‐a‐Māui) was a consistent hotspot of focal species occurrences and diversity. Hotspots of mature and pelagic fish occurrences appeared further south than juvenile and benthic species occurrences. Families with tropical affinities (Labridae and Pomacentridae) were restricted to northeastern NZ whereas hotspots of families with temperate affinities (i.e. Cheilodactylidae) extended into the South Island (Te Waipounamu). Main Conclusions Tropical, subtropical and rare fishes are a major component of the fish biodiversity in temperate NZ, and their occurrences and diversity has increased over the past half‐century. Northeastern NZ consistently has the highest occurrence rate and diversity of warmer‐water fishes. Our study demonstrates the value in consolidating citizen scientist observations to detect biodiversity change, and to inform current baselines and future monitoring of climate‐related biodiversity change.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Evaluation in a porcine wound model and long-term clinical assessment of an autologous heterogeneous skin construct used to close full-thickness wounds - Nicholas Baetz; Pratima Labroo; Marytheresa Ifediba; Devin Miller; Kendall Stauffer; Michael Sieverts; Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson; Eric Chan; Ian Robinson; James Miess; Stephanie Roth; Jenny Irvin; et al. (Tissue and Cell, 2023)

Transfer of polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes to the milk of dairy cattle from controlled ingestion of industrial and municipal bioresources recycled to agricultural land - Hannah Rigby; Alan Dowding; Alwyn Fernandes; David Humphries; Rupert G. Petch; Christopher K. Reynolds; Martin Rose; Stephen R. Smith (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Geothermal Potential of Closed Underground Mines: Resource Assessment Study of the Con Mine, Northwest Territories, Canada - Dan David Ngoyo Mandemvo; Félix-Antoine Comeau; Jasmin Raymond; Stephen E. Grasby; Viktor Terlaky (Natural Resources Research, 2023)

Associations between physical exercise type, fluid intelligence, executive function, and processing speed in the oldest-old (85 +) - Brian Duy Ho; Joseph M. Gullett; Stephen Anton; Mary Kathryn Franchetti; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; David A. Raichlen; Gene E. Alexander; Tatjana Rundek; Bonnie Levin; Kristina Visscher; Adam J. Woods; Ronald A. Cohen (GeroScience, 2023)

The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage - Tom J. Edwards; Stephen L. Davies; Ron J. Yates; Mick Rose; John G. Howieson; Graham O’Hara; Emma J. Steel; David JM Hall (Soil and Tillage Research, 2023)

Warming waters of the Gulf of Maine: The role of Shelf, Slope and Gulf Stream Water masses - David W. Townsend; Neal R. Pettigrew; Maura A. Thomas; Stephen Moore (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Basic human values of dairy producers in Canada and the U.S.: A cross-sectional survey study - Ting-Yu Cheng; Devon J. Wilson; Cecilia Brooks; Jessica A. Pempek; Kelly A. George; Stephen J. LeBlanc; Claudia Cobo-Angel; David L. Renaud; Gregory G. Habing (Journal of Rural Studies, 2023)

Bird communities reveal the ecological value of non-native Norway spruce plantations in Massachusetts, USA - Calvin Ritter; David I. King; Stephen DeStefano; Daniel Clark (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Animal population decline and recovery after severe fire: Relating ecological and life history traits with expert estimates of population impacts from the Australian 2019-20 megafires - Michelle Ensbey; Sarah Legge; Chris J. Jolly; Stephen T. Garnett; Rachael V. Gallagher; Mark Lintermans; Dale G. Nimmo; Libby Rumpff; Ben C. Scheele; Nick S. Whiterod; John C.Z. Woinarski; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Insights into the indigenous-managed landscape in southeast Australia during the Holocene - Matthew Adesanya Adeleye; Simon Graeme Haberle; Felicitas Hopf; Stephen Harris; David Burch McWethy (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2023)
Understanding the long-term interactions between people and the ecosystem in which they live is vital for informing present-day ecosystem management plans. The use of pollen data for palaeoecological reconstructions is often limited by the low taxonomic resolution of pollen, which often reduces the detail of reconstructions of human influence on past vegetation. This is true for Australia where Myrtaceae, particularly Eucalyptus species, dominate the landscape, but their pollen is difficult to differentiate. We present a pollen record with high taxonomic resolution of Myrtaceae pollen from the Bass Strait area of southeast Australia, focusing on the period of major human occupation there during the Late Glacial transition. These results were compared to records of hydrology, fire, sediment deposition, herbivore abundance and human occupation. We found that Indigenous burning practices promoted open, subgenus Monocalyptus Eucalyptus woodland at the expense of dense subgenus Symphomyrtus Eucalyptus forest. Previous studies have shown the need for management of the vegetation of southeast Australia guided by Indigenous people, to promote ecosystem resilience and reduce the risk of wildfires. Our results reveal that in addition to reducing wildfires, cultural burning by Indigenous people has the potential to promote the diversity of ecosystems and habitats.

Experimental support for reclassification of the light scattering second virial coefficient from macromolecular solutions as a hydrodynamic parameter - Donald J. Winzor; Vlad Dinu; David J. Scott; Stephen E. Harding (European Biophysics Journal, 2023)
This investigation examines the source of the disparity between experimental values of the light scattering second virial coefficient $${A}_{2}$$ A 2 (mL.mol/g 2 ) for proteins and those predicted on the statistical mechanical basis of excluded volume. A much better theoretical description of published results for lysozyme is obtained by considering the experimental parameters to monitor the difference between the thermodynamic excluded volume term and its hydrodynamic counterpart. This involves a combination of parameters quantifying concentration dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient obtained from dynamic light scattering measurements. That finding is shown to account for observations of a strong correlation between $${A}_{2}{M}_{2}$$ A 2 M 2 (mL/g), where M 2 is the molar mass (molecular weight) of the macromolecule and the diffusion concentration parameter $${k}_{D}$$ k D (mL/g). On the grounds that $${k}_{D}$$ k D is regarded as a hydrodynamic parameter, the same status should be accorded the light scattering second virial coefficient rather than its current incorrect thermodynamic designation as $${B}_{2}$$ B 2 (mL.mol/g 2 ), or just B , the osmotic second virial coefficient for protein self-interaction.

Retrospective rationalization of disparities between the concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients obtained by boundary spreading and dynamic light scattering - Donald J. Winzor; Vlad Dinu; David J. Scott; Stephen E. Harding (European Biophysics Journal, 2023)
This study establishes the existence of substantial agreement between published results from traditional boundary spreading measurements (including synthetic boundary measurements in the analytical ultracenrifuge) on two globular proteins (bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin) and the concentration dependence of diffusion coefficient predicted for experiments conducted under the operative thermodynamic constraints of constant temperature and solvent chemical potential. Although slight negative concentration dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient is the experimentally observed as well as theoretically predicted, the extent of the concentration dependence is within the limits of experimental uncertainty inherent in diffusion coefficient measurement. Attention is then directed toward the ionic strength dependence of the concentration dependence coefficient ( $${k}_{D}$$ k D ) describing diffusion coefficients obtained by dynamic light scattering, where, in principle, the operative thermodynamic constraints of constant temperature and pressure preclude consideration of results in terms of single-solute theory. Nevertheless, good agreement between predicted and published experimental ionic strength dependencies of $${k}_{D}$$ k D for lysozyme and an immunoglobulin is observed by a minor adaptation of the theoretical treatment to accommodate the fact that thermodynamic activity is monitored on the molal concentration scale because of the constraint of constant pressure that pertains in dynamic light scattering experiments.

Incorporating potential environmental impacts in building seismic design decisions - Rosa E. Gonzalez; Max T. Stephens; Charlotte Toma; David Dowdell (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2023)
Seismic losses due to earthquakes have been shown to have significant economic, social and environmental consequences. Over recent years, research to predict potential economic and social impact due to seismic risk has been increasing. Recognizing that the traditional philosophy of life safety design can lead to extensive damage and demolition which has a large environmental cost, incorporating environmental impacts associated with the expected seismic damage over a building’s life is a key step as the building industry moves towards both sustainable and seismically resilient design. This paper introduces a framework that uses environmental indicators quantifying losses from seismic response that can then be used to advocate for a change in seismic performance objectives. First, existing literature and previously developed approaches for quantifying potential environmental impact due to seismic damage are summarized. Next, performance based earthquake engineering concepts are used to demonstrate a probabilistic approach to quantify potential environmental impacts using a range of environmental and resource use indicators over the life span of a case study building. In addition, a case study is presented to compare different environmental indicators between a Code Minimum building and the same building redesigned for a higher seismic performance. The majority of the composition of the environmental indicator values are from the inclusion of the non-repairable scenario, and from the repair activities, the majority of the impacts are from damage to drift sensitive components including curtains walls, partitions and elevators. For the Code Minimum building the non-repairable scenario contributes to between 8 to 11% the total seismic cost. For the Stronger Stiffer building, the non-repairable scenario contributes around 3% of the initial impact. Neglecting non-repairable scenarios does significantly reduce the potential environmental impacts when analyzing buildings designed for current code minimum structural standards.

An assessment of the relation between metal contaminated sediment and freshwater mussel populations in the Big River, Missouri - Andrew D. Roberts; John Besser; Josh Hundley; David E. Mosby; Amanda Rosenberger; Kristen L. Bouska; Bryan R. Simmons; Stephen E. McMurray; Scott Faiman; Leslie Lueckenhoff (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Understanding the global warming potential of circular design strategies: Life cycle assessment of a design-for-disassembly building - Matthew Roberts; Stephen Allen; Joanna Clarke; Justin Searle; David Coley (Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2023)

High-precision Pb isotopes of drinking water lead pipes: Implications for human exposure to industrial Pb in the United States - George D. Kamenov; Benjamin F. Swaringen; David A. Cornwell; Nancy E. McTigue; Stephen M. Roberts; Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

A retrospective evaluation of pooled serum ELISA testing in the frame of the French eradication program for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - Stephen Valas; David Ngwa-Mbot; Sophie Stourm; Sophie Mémeteau; Marc Tabouret (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2023)

Uranus ring occultation observations: 1977–2006 - Richard G. French; Colleen A. McGhee-French; Mitchell Gordon; Richard L. Baron; Amanda S. Bosh; Marc W. Buie; Nancy Chanover; Mary Ann Clark; Edward W. Dunham; Linda M. French; Ian S. Glass; Jay D. Goguen; et al. (Icarus, 2023)

Global oceanic anoxia linked with the Capitanian (Middle Permian) marine mass extinction - Huyue Song; Thomas J. Algeo; Haijun Song; Jinnan Tong; Paul B. Wignall; David P.G. Bond; Wang Zheng; Xinming Chen; Stephen J. Romaniello; Hengye Wei; Ariel D. Anbar (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

The genetics of monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders - Stephen J. Babcock; David Flores-Marin; Jay R. Thiagarajah (Human Genetics, 2023)
Monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders, also known as congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CoDEs), are a group of rare diseases that result from mutations in genes that primarily affect intestinal epithelial cell function. Patients with CoDE disorders generally present with infantile-onset diarrhea and poor growth, and often require intensive fluid and nutritional management. CoDE disorders can be classified into several categories that relate to broad areas of epithelial function, structure, and development. The advent of accessible and low-cost genetic sequencing has accelerated discovery in the field with over 45 different genes now associated with CoDE disorders. Despite this increasing knowledge in the causal genetics of disease, the underlying cellular pathophysiology remains incompletely understood for many disorders. Consequently, clinical management options for CoDE disorders are currently limited and there is an urgent need for new and disorder-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a general overview of CoDE disorders, including a historical perspective of the field and relationship to other monogenic disorders of the intestine. We describe the genetics, clinical presentation, and known pathophysiology for specific disorders. Lastly, we describe the major challenges relating to CoDE disorders, briefly outline key areas that need further study, and provide a perspective on the future genetic and therapeutic landscape.

Inflammation and vascular remodeling in COVID-19 hearts - Christopher Werlein; Maximilian Ackermann; Helge Stark; Harshit R. Shah; Alexandar Tzankov; Jasmin Dinonne Haslbauer; Saskia von Stillfried; Roman David Bülow; Ali El-Armouche; Stephan Kuenzel; Jan Lukas Robertus; Marius Reichardt; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2023)
A wide range of cardiac symptoms have been observed in COVID-19 patients, often significantly influencing the clinical outcome. While the pathophysiology of pulmonary COVID-19 manifestation has been substantially unraveled, the underlying pathomechanisms of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 are largely unknown. In this multicentre study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of heart samples from 24 autopsies with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared them to samples of age-matched Influenza H1N1 A ( n = 16), lymphocytic non-influenza myocarditis cases ( n = 8), and non-inflamed heart tissue ( n = 9). We employed conventional histopathology, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (MPX), microvascular corrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast tomography using synchrotron radiation, and direct multiplexed measurements of gene expression, to assess morphological and molecular changes holistically. Based on histopathology, none of the COVID-19 samples fulfilled the established diagnostic criteria of viral myocarditis. However, quantification via MPX showed a significant increase in perivascular CD11b/TIE2 + —macrophages in COVID-19 over time, which was not observed in influenza or non-SARS-CoV-2 viral myocarditis patients. Ultrastructurally, a significant increase in intussusceptive angiogenesis as well as multifocal thrombi, inapparent in conventional morphological analysis, could be demonstrated. In line with this, on a molecular level, COVID-19 hearts displayed a distinct expression pattern of genes primarily coding for factors involved in angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), changes not seen in any of the other patient groups. We conclude that cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is an angiocentric macrophage-driven inflammatory process, distinct from classical anti-viral inflammatory responses, and substantially underappreciated by conventional histopathologic analysis. For the first time, we have observed intussusceptive angiogenesis in cardiac tissue, which we previously identified as the linchpin of vascular remodeling in COVID-19 pneumonia, as a pathognomic sign in affected hearts. Moreover, we identified CD11b + /TIE2 + macrophages as the drivers of intussusceptive angiogenesis and set forward a putative model for the molecular regulation of vascular alterations.

Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis are not temporally exceptional relative to Homo erectus - David L. Roberts; Ivan Jarić; Stephen J. Lycett; Dylan Flicker; Alastair Key (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2023)
The presence of Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis in southeast Asia 90,000 to 60,000 years ago is considered surprising by many, and has been used to support their designation as unique species and the islands they were discovered on as refugia. Here, we statistically test the null hypothesis that H. floresiensis and H . luzonensis represent temporally uninterrupted occurrences relative to Homo erectus . We do this using the ‘surprise test’ for the exceptionality of a new record. Results demonstrate that H. floresiensis and H. luzonensis are not temporally distinct relative to H. erectus . Their late persistence should, therefore, not be considered surprising, they cannot reliably be inferred to be outside of H. erectus ’ temporal range, and – temporally – the islands of Luzon and Flores are not supported as refugia. Similarly, late H. erectus at Ngandong, Java, is not demonstrated to be temporally distinct relative to earlier, principally mainland‐Asian, H. erectus . Further, we demonstrate that substantial numbers of fossil discoveries would be needed before H. floresiensis and H. luzonensis are outside of H. erectus’ expected temporal range. If H. floresiensis and H. luzonensis are descended from H. erectus populations, our results point toward either geographic processes of allopatric speciation or behavioural processes leading to a sympatric speciation event.

Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across N orth A merica - Peter O. Dunn; Insiyaa Ahmed; Elise Armstrong; Natasha Barlow; Malcolm A. Barnard; Marc Bélisle; Thomas J. Benson; Lisha L. Berzins; Chloe K. Boynton; T. Anders Brown; Melissa Cady; Kyle Cameron; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
Climate change models often assume similar responses to temperatures across the range of a species, but local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity can lead plants and animals to respond differently to temperature in different parts of their range. To date, there have been few tests of this assumption at the scale of continents, so it is unclear if this is a large‐scale problem. Here, we examined the assumption that insect taxa show similar responses to temperature at 96 sites in grassy habitats across North America. We sampled insects with Malaise traps during 2019–2021 ( N = 1041 samples) and examined the biomass of insects in relation to temperature and time of season. Our samples mostly contained Diptera (33%), Lepidoptera (19%), Hymenoptera (18%), and Coleoptera (10%). We found strong regional differences in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature, even within the same taxonomic group, habitat type, and time of season. For example, the biomass of nematoceran flies increased across the season in the central part of the continent, but it only showed a small increase in the Northeast and a seasonal decline in the Southeast and West. At a smaller scale, insect biomass at different traps operating on the same days was correlated up to ~75 km apart. Large‐scale geographic and phenological variation in insect biomass and abundance has not been studied well, and it is a major source of controversy in previous analyses of insect declines that have aggregated studies from different locations and time periods. Our study illustrates that large‐scale predictions about changes in insect populations, and their causes, will need to incorporate regional and taxonomic differences in the response to temperature.

Three trap designs evaluated for a deepwater lionfish fishery - Holden E. Harris; Steven B. Garner; Joseph H. Tarnecki; Stephen R. Gittings; David D. Chagaris; William F. Patterson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
A deepwater (>40 m) fishery for invasive lionfish ( Pterois volitans/miles ) offers a potential means to control invasive lionfish densities and mitigate their impacts on reefs too deep for SCUBA removals. Trapping could provide a scalable solution—if an effective fishing gear with minimal environmental impacts could be permitted and adopted by fishers. We tested the efficacy of wooden slat lobster traps, wire sea bass traps, and experimental non-containment Gittings traps. One hundred deployments of each trap type were made at 120 mesophotic (38–78 m deep) natural reef sites in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (29.6–30.1°N, 86.1–87.6°W). Reef sites were surveyed with remotely operated vehicles (ROV) before and after trap deployments, and remote time-lapse video cameras were affixed above 86 traps to sample in situ recruitment to the traps. The video data showed that lionfish were attracted to the vicinity of the three trap types at similar rates, but that lionfish rarely entered the lobster or sea bass traps. The high bycatch rates of sea bass traps suggested their use is likely unsuitable for targeting lionfish. Lobster traps had lower rates of bycatch, but their relatively high ratio of bycatch-to-lionfish catches suggests that modifications will be needed to make them more efficient. The Gittings traps had the highest lionfish catch rates and lowest bycatches of native fishes, but operational issues were also identified. They failed to open on 20% of deployments and one entangled a green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas ). Even with the best-performing trap design, the average catch rate of lionfish was less than one lionfish per trap. A potential explanation could be the low biomass of lionfish observed during the ROV surveys, which averaged 0.3 kg lionfish per site. The time-lapse video data suggested that lionfish recruitment to Gittings traps could increase with higher densities of lionfish on the nearby reefs, if traps were retrieved after approximately two days of deployment, and if traps were retrieved during dawn or dusk. Further research, development, and testing is needed for lionfish traps, and critical bio- and techno-economic assessments appear warranted to evaluate the feasibility of a deepwater lionfish fishery.

Chromosome-length genome assemblies and cytogenomic analyses of pangolins reveal remarkable chromosome counts and plasticity - Marlys L. Houck; Klaus-Peter Koepfli; Taylor Hains; Ruqayya Khan; Suellen J. Charter; Julie A. Fronczek; Ann C. Misuraca; Sergei Kliver; Polina L. Perelman; Violetta Beklemisheva; Alexander Graphodatsky; Shu-Jin Luo; et al. (Chromosome Research, 2023)

Coaly and lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in Permo-Carboniferous graben deposits (Weiach well, Northern Switzerland) - Stephen Ajuaba; Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer; Verena Meier; Doris Gross; Johann Schnyder; Silvia Omodeo-Salé; Andrea Moscariello; David Misch (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Varying response of breeding waders to experimental manipulation of their habitat and predators - David J.T. Douglas; Irena Tománková; Philippa Gullett; Stephen G. Dodd; Daniel Brown; Martin Clift; Norrie Russell; Neal Warnock; Jennifer Smart; Sarah Sanders (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Impacts of building load dispersion level on its load forecasting accuracy: Data or algorithms? Importance of reliability and interpretability in machine learning - Maomao Hu; Bruce Stephen; Jethro Browell; Stephen Haben; David C.H. Wallom (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project - Emily E. Bray; David A. Raichlen; Kiersten K. Forsyth; Daniel E. L. Promislow; Gene E. Alexander; Evan L. MacLean; Joshua M. Akey; Brooke Benton; Elhanan Borenstein; Marta G. Castelhano; Amanda E. Coleman; Kate E. Creevy; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Mink on the brink: comparing survey methods for detecting a critically endangered carnivore, the European mink Mustela lutreola - Elizabeth Croose; Ruth Hanniffy; Andrew Harrington; Madis Põdra; Asun Gómez; Polly L. Bolton; Jenna V. Lavin; Samuel S. Browett; Javier Pinedo; David Lacanal; Iñaki Galdos; Jon Ugarte; et al. (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2023)
Monitoring rare and elusive species is critical in guiding appropriate conservation management measures. Mammalian carnivores are challenging to monitor directly, due to their generally nocturnal and solitary lifestyle, and relatively large home ranges. The European mink Mustela lutreola is a critically endangered, small, semi-aquatic carnivore and is one of the most threatened mammal species in Europe. In northern Spain, the European mink population is monitored regionally using different methods and approaches, making assessment of national population status difficult. There is an urgent need to 1) assess the efficacy of survey methods and 2) identify a standard monitoring methodology that can be deployed rapidly and inexpensively over large areas of the mink’s range. We deployed four methods—camera trapping, hair tubes, live trapping, and environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples—to compare the probability of detecting European mink when present at 25 sampling sites within five 10 × 10 km 2 , and the economic cost and time required for each method. All four methods successfully detected European mink but the probability of detection varied by method. Camera trapping and hair tubes had the highest probability of detection; however, eDNA and live trapping detected mink in one 10 × 10 km 2 where the latter two methods did not. For future European mink monitoring programs, we recommend a combination of at least two methods and suggest that camera traps or hair tubes are combined with live trapping or eDNA (depending on the scale and aims of the study), to gather critical information on distribution, occupancy and conservation status.

Application of decision tools to ethical analysis in biodiversity conservation - Pierfrancesco Biasetti; Thomas B. Hildebrandt; Frank Göritz; Robert Hermes; Susanne Holtze; Jan Stejskal; Cesare Galli; Ilaria Pollastri; Alessia Muzzo; Isaac Lekolool; David Ndereeh; Patrick Omondi; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Achieving ethically responsible decisions is crucial for the success of biodiversity conservation projects. We adapted the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson's cube to assist in the ethical analysis of complex conservation scenarios by structuring these tools so that they can implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics. We then applied them to a case study relative to the decision‐making process regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum cottoni ), a functionally extinct subspecies of the white rhinoceros. We used the ethical matrix to gather ethical pros and cons and as a starting point for a participatory approach to ethical decision‐making. We used decision trees to compare the different options at stake on the basis of a set of ethical desiderata. We used Bateson's cube to establish a threshold of ethical acceptability and model the results of a simple survey. The application of these tools proved to be pivotal in structuring the decision‐making process and in helping reach a shared, reasoned, and transparent decision on the best option from an ethical point of view among those available.

Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infections - Madeline Wolken; Thomas Sun; Camille McCall; Rebecca Schneider; Kelsey Caton; Courtney Hundley; Loren Hopkins; Katherine Ensor; Kaavya Domakonda; Prashant Kalvapalle; David Persse; Stephen Williams; et al. (Water Research, 2023)

Including imprecisely georeferenced specimens improves accuracy of species distribution models and estimates of niche breadth - Adam B. Smith; Stephen J. Murphy; David Henderson; Kelley D. Erickson (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Aim Museum and herbarium specimen records are frequently used to assess the conservation status of species and their responses to climate change. Typically, occurrences with imprecise geolocality information are discarded because they cannot be matched confidently to environmental conditions and are thus expected to increase uncertainty in downstream analyses. However, using only precisely georeferenced records risks undersampling of the environmental and geographical distributions of species. We present two related methods to allow the use of imprecisely georeferenced occurrences in biogeographical analysis. Innovation Our two procedures assign imprecise records to the (1) locations or (2) climates that are closest to the geographical or environmental centroid of the precise records of a species. For virtual species, including imprecise records alongside precise records improved the accuracy of ecological niche models projected to the present and the future, especially for species with c . 20 or fewer precise occurrences. Using only precise records underestimated loss of suitable habitat and overestimated the amount of suitable habitat in both the present and the future. Including imprecise records also improves estimates of niche breadth and extent of occurrence. An analysis of 44 species of North American Asclepias (Apocynaceae) yielded similar results. Main conclusions Existing studies examining the effects of spatial imprecision typically compare outcomes based on precise records against the same records with spatial error added to them. However, in real‐world cases, analysts possess a mix of precise and imprecise records and must decide whether to retain or discard the latter. Discarding imprecise records can undersample the geographical and environmental distributions of species and lead to mis‐estimation of responses to past and future climate change. Our method, for which we provide a software implementation in the enmSdmX package for R, is simple to use and can help leverage the large number of specimen records that are typically deemed “unusable” because of spatial imprecision in their geolocation.

Sediment gravity flow frequency offshore central California diminished significantly following the Last Glacial Maximum - Stephen C. Dobbs; Charles K. Paull; Eve M. Lundsten; Roberto Gwiazda; David W. Caress; Mary McGann; Marianne M. Coholich; Maureen A. L. Walton; Nora M. Nieminski; Tim McHargue; Stephan A. Graham (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
A high-resolution multibeam survey from a portion of the San Simeon Channel (offshore Morro Bay, California) captured a zone of recurring troughs and ridges adjacent to prominent submarine meander bends. Through an integrated study using surveying data, sediment core analysis, radiocarbon dating, and stable isotope measurements, we hypothesize that turbidity current event frequency was higher during the late Pleistocene than at present conditions. We speculate that the rise in sea-level following the Last Glacial Maximum sequestered sedimentation largely to the shelf during the Holocene. This work suggests that the occurrence of sediment gravity flows in this region, particularly away from any submarine channels, is appreciably lower than at times of continental shelf subaerial exposure.

Allometric scaling exponents for individual amino acids differ significantly from that of protein in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer). - David Poppi; Michael Salini; Stephen Moore; Cedric Simon; Brett Glencross (Aquaculture, 2023)

Relationship between coliphage and Enterococcus at southern California beaches and implications for beach water quality management - Amity G. Zimmer-Faust; John F. Griffith; Joshua A. Steele; Bryan Santos; Yiping Cao; Laralyn Asato; Tania Chiem; Samuel Choi; Arturo Diaz; Joe Guzman; David Laak; Michele Padilla; et al. (Water Research, 2023)

Thermochemical syngas generation via solid looping process: An experimental demonstration using Fe-based material - Christopher de Leeuwe; Syed Zaheer Abbas; Panagiotis Alexandros Argyris; Adam Zaidi; Alvaro Amiero; Stephen Poultson; David Wails; Vincenzo Spallina (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

RecruitNet : A global database of plant recruitment networks - Miguel Verdú; Jose L. Garrido; Julio M. Alcántara; Alicia Montesinos‐Navarro; Salomón Aguilar; Marcelo A. Aizen; Ali A. Al‐Namazi; Mohamed Alifriqui; David Allen; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Cristina Armas; Jesús M. Bastida; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
Plant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community‐level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants (“canopy species”) and plants in their early stages of recruitment (“recruit species”). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy‐Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy‐recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country, locality, responsible author, sampling dates, sampling method, and life habits of both canopy and recruit species are provided. This database will allow researchers to test ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary hypotheses related to plant recruitment interactions. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications.

Mitigation of emissions and energy consumption due to light-duty vehicle size increases - David Gohlke; Jarod Kelly; Thomas Stephens; Xinyi Wu; Yan Zhou (Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2023)

Remote monitoring of minewater rebound and environmental risk using satellite radar interferometry - David Gee; Andrew Sowter; Ahmed Athab; Stephen Grebby; Zhenming Wu; Kateryna Boiko (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Review of influence of critical operation conditions on by-product/intermediate formation during thermal destruction of PFAS in solid/biosolids - Jianhua Zhang; Li Gao; David Bergmann; Tamara Bulatovic; Aravind Surapaneni; Stephen Gray (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Hydroclimate variability in the Madagascar and Southeast African summer monsoons at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition - Nick Scroxton; Stephen J. Burns; David McGee; Laurie R. Godfrey; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; Peterson Faina; Benjamin H. Tiger (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Tropical Indian Ocean basin hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition and the double drying hypothesis - Nick Scroxton; Stephen J. Burns; David McGee; Laurie R. Godfrey; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; Peterson Faina; Benjamin H. Tiger (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Isolating the mechanisms for asteroid surface refreshing - Francesca E. DeMeo; Michaël Marsset; David Polishook; Brian J. Burt; Richard P. Binzel; Sunao Hasegawa; Mikael Granvik; Nicholas A. Moskovitz; Alissa Earle; Schelte J. Bus; Cristina A. Thomas; Andrew S. Rivkin; et al. (Icarus, 2023)

Threat-abatement framework confirms habitat retention and invasive species management are critical to conserve Australia's threatened species - Stephen G. Kearney; James E.M. Watson; April E. Reside; Diana O. Fisher; Martine Maron; Tim S. Doherty; Sarah M. Legge; John C.Z. Woinarski; Stephen T. Garnett; Brendan A. Wintle; Euan G. Ritchie; Don A. Driscoll; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Martina Bandte; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Éric Bergeron; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed probiotic during the earliest developmental stages have enhanced growth rates and intestinal microbiome bacterial diversity - Ian S. Hines; Kevin D. Santiago-Morales; Clay S. Ferguson; Jireh Clarington; Meaghan Thompson; Meghann Rauschenbach; Uri Levine; David Drahos; Frank O. Aylward; Stephen A. Smith; David D. Kuhn; Ann M. Stevens (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Sustainable aquaculture practices can help meet the increasing human demand for seafood, while easing pressures on natural fish populations. Studies aimed at increasing fish production in aquaculture have included supplementary dietary probiotics that often promote general health and enhanced growth rates by altering the microbiome of the host. Steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) is anadromous, like salmon, and it is a subspecies of rainbow trout capable of rapid growth, making it an attractive fish to the aquaculture industry. In this study, the impact of feeding a Bacillus subtilis probiotic on the bacterial microbiome of steelhead trout was examined temporally across several stages of animal development, from eggs (day -19) through 184 days after hatching, in relation to physiological measures. Diets included: commercial feed only as a control (A), continually-fed probiotic top-coated on commercial feed (B), commercial then switch to probiotic feed (C), or probiotic then switch to commercial feed (D). Validation of probiotic concentrations on feed and in fish tissues was performed using CFU/g and qPCR, respectively. Fish growth was measured and samples for intestinal microbiome analyses were collected at multiple timepoints during fish development. Fish fed diet D yielded higher weights than the other three diets, with little impact on other biometric parameters. However, bacterial microbiome analysis indicated an increasing trend of overall alpha diversity from the egg stage to day 29 for fish fed the various diets with diet D having the highest diversity. Fish fed diets A and D maintained a high alpha diversity beyond day 29 in contrast to a decreased trend for fish still being fed probiotics in diets B and C. The fish fed diets B and C harbored a significantly higher relative abundance of Bacillus sp. in their total microbiomes (feces + mucosa). Interestingly, the mucosal-only microbiome indicated little variation between the four groups of fish. Feeding the probiotic earlier in development, during the hatchery phase, to influence bacterial microbiome composition in the intestine (rather than later after the microbiome has been established) appears to be a more effective aquaculture practice by enhancing microbiome diversity while enabling higher fish yields.

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry—the 2021 Annual Report - Jennifer S. Love; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; HoanVu Nguyen; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Paul M. Wax; Jeffery Brent; Kim Aldy; Michael Abesamis; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2022)

Benzonatate Overdose Presenting as Cardiac Arrest with Rapidly Narrowing QRS Interval - Robert J. Stephens; Ari B. Filip; Kevin T. Baumgartner; Evan S. Schwarz; David B. Liss (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2022)

A simplified gravitational reference sensor for satellite geodesy - Anthony Dávila Álvarez; Aaron Knudtson; Unmil Patel; Joseph Gleason; Harold Hollis; Jose Sanjuan; Neil Doughty; Glenn McDaniel; Jennifer Lee; James Leitch; Stephen Bennett; Riccardo Bevilacqua; et al. (Journal of Geodesy, 2022)

Optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS) - Jane Molofsky; Daniel S. Park; David M. Richardson; Stephen R. Keller; Brian Beckage; Jennifer R. Mandel; James S. Boatwright; Cang Hui (Evolutionary Ecology, 2022)
The ecological and evolutionary processes that allow alien species to establish and dominate native communities (i.e., become invasive) have been a rich area of research. Past areas of inquiry have included identifying the traits necessary to invade a community and/or determining how phylogenetic relatedness of the introduced species with the resident community can promote invasive success. Yet despite decades of research, little consensus exists about why particular species successfully invade native communities while others do not. Here we develop a conceptual framework for why only certain introduced species become invasive: optimal differentiation to the edge of trait space (EoTS). We posit that optimal differentiation leading to successful invasion into a community requires that the multi-dimensional trait space of the introduced species exists at the edge of the multi-dimensional trait space of the native community. Species that possess traits that are too different cannot enter the community because of environmental filtering, while species that are too similar will either become integrated into the community but not take over or alternatively never establish. We apply this conceptual framework to species functional traits and discuss how both genetic processes and phylogenetic processes may also result in optimal differentiation to EoTS.

Eight things you should never do in a monitoring program: an Australian perspective - David B. Lindenmayer; John Woinarski; Sarah Legge; Martine Maron; Stephen T. Garnett; Tyrone Lavery; Jaana Dielenberg; Brendan A. Wintle (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022)
Monitoring is critical to gauge the effect of environmental management interventions as well as to measure the effects of human disturbances such as climate change. Recognition of the critical need for monitoring means that, at irregular intervals, recommendations are made for new government-instigated programs or to revamp existing ones. Using insights from past well-intentioned (but sadly also often failed) attempts to establish and maintain government-instigated monitoring programs in Australia, we outline eight things that should never be done in environmental monitoring programs (if they aim to be useful). These are the following: (1) Never commence a new environmental management initiative without also committing to a monitoring program. (2) Never start a monitoring program without clear questions. (3) Never implement a monitoring program without first doing a proper experimental design. (4) Never ignore the importance of matching the purpose and objectives of a monitoring program to the design of that program. (5) Never change the way you monitor something without ensuring new methods can be calibrated with the old ones. (6) Never try to monitor everything. (7) Never collect data without planning to curate and report on it. (8) If possible, avoid starting a monitoring program without the necessary resources secured. To balance our “nevers”, we provide a checklist of actions that will increase the chances a monitoring program will actually measure the effectiveness of environmental management. Scientists and resource management practitioners need to be part of a stronger narrative for, and key participants in, well-designed, implemented, and maintained government-led monitoring programs. We argue that monitoring programs should be mandated in threatened species conservation programs and all new environmental management initiatives.

An integrated approach to assessing abiotic and biotic threats to post‐fire plant species recovery: Lessons from the 2019–2020 Australian fire season - Rachael V. Gallagher; Stuart P. Allen; Berin D. E. Mackenzie; David A. Keith; Rachael H. Nolan; Libby Rumpff; Carl R. Gosper; Geoffrey Pegg; Stephen van Leeuwen; Mark K. J. Ooi; Colin J. Yates; Cory Merow; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Existing abiotic and biotic threats to plant species (e.g., disease, drought, invasive species) affect their capacity to recover post‐fire. We use a new, globally applicable framework to assess the vulnerability of 26,062 Australian plant species to a suite of active threats after the 2019–2020 fires. Location Australia. Time period 2019–2020. Major species studied Plants. Methods Spatial data for existing threats and information on species‐level susceptibility were combined with estimates of the extent of range burnt in southern Australia (> 22°S) to assign species against 10 criteria into vulnerability categories ( high , medium , low , none , data deficient ). We explore in detail results for three threats (drought, disease, feral animals), highlighting where impacts from multiple threats ranked high vulnerability may compound to reduce post‐fire recovery. Results Analysis of the full suite of 10 vulnerability criteria, which encompass a broad range of threats, revealed large numbers of species vulnerable to poor post‐fire recovery from one or more different hazards ( high vulnerability: 1,243 species; medium vulnerability: 2,450 species). Collectively, 457 plant species that burnt extensively (> 50%) across their range are highly vulnerable to poor recovery due to exposure to pre‐fire drought conditions (235 species), disease (186 species), or feral animals (97 species). Of these 457 species, 61 are vulnerable to more than one of these three threats, highlighting how a suite of interacting hazards can impact plant recovery after fire. Main conclusions While fire can renew plant populations by stimulating recruitment and resetting competitive interactions, the presence of existing threats in post‐fire landscapes jeopardizes recovery. The simultaneous impact of multiple threats that impact recovery can create a suite of hazards that contribute to declines and, potentially, extinction. Our method for rapid post‐fire vulnerability assessment can be applied to large numbers of plant species or other biota in fire affected regions globally.

Fire‐related threats and transformational change in Australian ecosystems - David A. Keith; Stuart P. Allen; Rachael V. Gallagher; Berin D. E. Mackenzie; Tony D. Auld; Sarah Barrett; Anne Buchan; Valerie English; Carl Gosper; Dave Kelly; Allen McIllwee; Rachel T. Melrose; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Megafire events generate immediate concern for wildlife and human well‐being, but their broader ecological impacts likely extend beyond individual species and single fire events. In the first mechanistic study of fire effects focussed on ecosystems, we aimed to assess the sensitivity and exposure of ecosystems to multiple fire‐related threats, placing impacts in the context of changing fire regimes and their interactions with other threats. Location Southern and eastern Australia. Time period 2019–2020. Major species studied Australian ecosystems. Methods We defined 15 fire‐related threats to ecosystems based on mechanisms associated with: (a) direct effects of fire regime components; (b) interactions between fire and physical environmental processes; (c) effects of fire on biological interactions; and (d) interactions between fire and human activity. We estimated the sensitivity and exposure of a sample of 92 ecosystem types to each threat type based on published relationships and spatial analysis of the 2019–2020 fires. Results Twenty‐nine ecosystem types assessed had more than half of their distribution exposed to one or more threat types, and only three of those were listed as nationally threatened. Three fire‐related threat types posed the most severe threats to large numbers of ecosystem types: high frequency fire; pre‐fire drought; and post‐fire invasive predator activity. The ecosystem types most affected ranged from rain forests to peatlands, and included some, such as sclerophyllous eucalypt forests and heathlands, that are traditionally regarded as fire‐prone and fire‐adapted. Main conclusions Most impacts of the 2019–2020 fires on ecosystems became apparent only when they were placed in the context of the whole fire regime and its interactions with other threatening processes, and were not direct consequences of the megafire event itself. Our mechanistic approach enables ecosystem‐specific management responses for the most threatened ecosystem types to be targeted at underlying causes of degradation and decline.

The conservation impacts of ecological disturbance: Time‐bound estimates of population loss and recovery for fauna affected by the 2019–2020 Australian megafires - Sarah Legge; Libby Rumpff; John C. Z. Woinarski; Nick S. Whiterod; Michelle Ward; Darren G. Southwell; Ben C. Scheele; Dale G. Nimmo; Mark Lintermans; Hayley M. Geyle; Stephen T. Garnett; Brittany Hayward‐Brown; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim After environmental disasters, species with large population losses may need urgent protection to prevent extinction and support recovery. Following the 2019–2020 Australian megafires, we estimated population losses and recovery in fire‐affected fauna, to inform conservation status assessments and management. Location Temperate and subtropical Australia. Time period 2019–2030 and beyond. Major taxa Australian terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates; one invertebrate group. Methods From > 1,050 fire‐affected taxa, we selected 173 whose distributions substantially overlapped the fire extent. We estimated the proportion of each taxon’s distribution affected by fires, using fire severity and aquatic impact mapping, and new distribution mapping. Using expert elicitation informed by evidence of responses to previous wildfires, we estimated local population responses to fires of varying severity. We combined the spatial and elicitation data to estimate overall population loss and recovery trajectories, and thus indicate potential eligibility for listing as threatened, or uplisting, under Australian legislation. Results We estimate that the 2019–2020 Australian megafires caused, or contributed to, population declines that make 70–82 taxa eligible for listing as threatened; and another 21–27 taxa eligible for uplisting. If so‐listed, this represents a 22–26% increase in Australian statutory lists of threatened terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates and spiny crayfish, and uplisting for 8–10% of threatened taxa. Such changes would cause an abrupt worsening of underlying trajectories in vertebrates, as measured by Red List Indices. We predict that 54–88% of 173 assessed taxa will not recover to pre‐fire population size within 10 years/three generations. Main conclusions We suggest the 2019–2020 Australian megafires have worsened the conservation prospects for many species. Of the 91 taxa recommended for listing/uplisting consideration, 84 are now under formal review through national processes. Improving predictions about taxon vulnerability with empirical data on population responses, reducing the likelihood of future catastrophic events and mitigating their impacts on biodiversity, are critical.

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID ‐19 pandemic - Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Jose Diaz; Kimberly Todd; Claire Bresnan; Matt Snider; Thomas E. Lee; Jonathan G. Jasper; Brianna Douglas; Anthony P. Crupi; Katherine C. B. Weiss; Helen Rowe; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap‐nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site‐level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Insufficient Evidence for Multiple Species of Tyrannosaurus in the Latest Cretaceous of North America: A Comment on “The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus” - Thomas D. Carr; James G. Napoli; Stephen L. Brusatte; Thomas R. Holtz; David W. E. Hone; Thomas E. Williamson; Lindsay E. Zanno (Evolutionary Biology, 2022)
The Late Cretaceous dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex was recently split into three species based on the premise that variation in the T. rex hypodigm is exceptional, indicating cryptic species and “robust” and “gracile” morphs. The morphs are based on proportional ratios throughout the skeleton. The species are claimed to be stratigraphically separate, with an early robust species followed by robust and gracile descendants. There are problems with the hypothesis: the taxon diagnoses are based on two features that overlap between the species; several skulls cannot be identified based on the diagnoses; proportional comparisons between Tyrannosaurus and other theropods are based on incomparable samples; the tooth data are problematic; the stratigraphic framework divides the Hell Creek Formation into thirds, without the stratigraphic position of each specimen, or independent age control showing the subdivisions are coeval over the entire geographic area; previous work found variation in T. rex , but it cannot be parsed into discrete categories. We tested for “gracile” and “robust” morphs by analyzing the femoral and tooth ratios that were published in the multiple species study using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The results found that each set of ratios are explained by one cluster, showing that dimorphism is not supported. We tested for exceptional variation of the femoral ratio of Tyrannosaurus ; we calculated the mean intraspecific robusticity for 112 species of living birds and 4 nonavian theropods. The results showed that the absolute variation in Tyrannosaurus is unexceptional and it does not indicate cryptic diversity. We conclude that “ T. regina ” and “ T. imperator ” are subjective junior synonyms of T. rex .

Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database - Tommaso Jucker; Fabian Jörg Fischer; Jérôme Chave; David A. Coomes; John Caspersen; Arshad Ali; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Ted R. Feldpausch; Daniel Falster; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Luciana F. Alves; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non‐forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC‐BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599 . To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

Social integration of translocated wildlife: a case study of rehabilitated and released elephant calves in northern Kenya - Shifra Z. Goldenberg; Stephen M. Chege; Nelson Mwangi; Ian Craig; David Daballen; Iain Douglas-Hamilton; Nadine Lamberski; Moses Lenaipa; Reuben Lendira; Colman Lesowapir; Lekilia P. Lokooria; Mathew Mutinda; et al. (Mammalian Biology, 2022)
Conservation translocations have the potential to strengthen populations of threatened and endangered species, but facilitating integration of translocated individuals with resident populations remains a substantial challenge. Developing functional social relationships like cooperative partnerships or establishing clear dominance hierarchies may be critical to integration of released individuals. Developing such relationships has not received much attention in translocation research, especially for long-lived, socially complex animals for which establishment and navigation of social environments is often a lengthy process that requires sustained monitoring to understand. Here, we present a case study of the social associations of African savannah elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) calves that have been rehabilitated and released into a fenced wildlife sanctuary in northern Kenya with a resident population of elephants. We use focal follows of interactions pre-release and GPS tracking post-release to quantify social associations of calves with each other and with resident elephants at the release site. We demonstrate how this approach supports translocation monitoring by capturing temporal trends in social patterns within and between release cohorts and among released elephants and wild elephants already resident at the site during a transitional soft release period. Our results show that initial post-release social behavior of rehabilitated calves is related to histories of interaction with familiar individuals and cohort membership and that released calves increased their associations with residents over time. This information provides new behavioral insights for guiding elephant release projects, like the strength of relationships within and among release cohorts, the time to integration with the resident population, and the occurrence and increased incidence of societal fission–fusion. Further, this study provides an example of the utility of animal behavior research to achieve and assess progress towards conservation objectives, and to develop monitoring tools for conservation managers.

Morphometrics and body condition of southern right whales on the calving grounds at Port Ross, Auckland Islands - David R. Johnston; William Rayment; Stephen M. Dawson (Mammalian Biology, 2022)

Recycling plastic wastes for production of sustainable and decorative plastic pavement bricks - Samuel Kofi Tulashie; Daniel Dodoo; Atiiga Abdul-Wadud Ibrahim; Stephen Mensah; Sandra Atisey; Raphael Odai; David Mensah (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Population structure and microhabitat preference of a threatened freshwater mussel, Westralunio carteri, in south-western Australia - Le Ma; Stephen J. Beatty; David L. Morgan; Alan J. Lymbery (Hydrobiologia, 2022)
Freshwater mussels are important functional components of aquatic ecosystems. Westralunio carteri is a threatened freshwater mussel species, endemic to south-western Australia, which has suffered a recent, dramatic decline in range. The density, size structure and distribution of adult mussels of this species within river reaches were investigated using quadrat searches and modelled against a range of microhabitat factors. Mussels were found from 26 sites in 14 different rivers at a mean density of 28.4 ± 2.3 individuals m −2 . The distribution of W. carteri was highly aggregated within river reaches. The most important factors explaining mussel distribution were substrate grain size, substrate debris and distance from the riverbank, with finer substrate, the presence of woody debris and proximity to the riverbank associated with greater abundance of mussels. In all rivers where mussels were found, most populations appeared to be actively recruiting. However, no mussels were found in six sites, despite them having been recorded as present within the last 20 years, which suggests that the range of the species is still in decline. The identification of microhabitat requirements for W. carteri will assist in identifying suitable release sites for translocation and/or captive propagation, which may be required to prevent extinction of the species.

Hydrogeology of an urban weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda - Philip M. Nyenje; Denis Ocoromac; Stephen Tumwesige; Matt J. Ascott; James P. R. Sorensen; Andrew J. Newell; David M. J. Macdonald; Daren C. Gooddy; Callist Tindimugaya; Robinah N. Kulabako; Dan J. Lapworth; Jan Willem Foppen (Hydrogeology Journal, 2022)
Weathered basement aquifers are vital sources of drinking water in Africa. In order to better understand their role in the urban water balance, in a weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda, this study installed a transect of monitoring piezometers, carried out spring flow and high-frequency groundwater level monitoring, slug tests and hydrochemical analyses, including stable isotopes and groundwater residence time indicators. Findings showed a typical weathered basement aquifer with a 20–50-m thickness. Groundwater recharge was 3–50 mm/year, occurring during sustained rainfall. Recharge to a deep groundwater system within the saprock was slow and prolonged, while recharge to the springs on the valley slopes was quick and episodic, responding rapidly to precipitation. Springs discharged shallow groundwater, mixed with wastewater infiltrating from onsite sanitation practices and contributions from the deeper aquifer and were characterised by low flow rates (< 0.001 m 3 /s), low pH (<5), high nitrate values (61–190 mg/L as NO 3 ), and residence times of <30 years. The deeper groundwater system occurred in the saprolite/saprock, had low transmissivity (< 1 × 10 −5 m 2 /s), lower nitrate values (<20 mg/L as NO 3 ), pH 6–6.5 and longer residence times (40–60 years). Confined groundwater conditions in the valleys were created by the presence of clay-rich alluvium and gave rise to artesian conditions where groundwater had lower nitrate concentrations. The findings provide new insights into weathered basement aquifers in the urban tropics and show that small-scale abstractions are more sustainable in the deeper groundwater system in the valleys, where confined conditions are present.

Glucose metabolism patterns: A potential index to characterize brain ageing and predict high conversion risk into cognitive impairment - Jiehui Jiang; Can Sheng; Guanqun Chen; Chunhua Liu; Shichen Jin; Lanlan Li; Xueyan Jiang; Ying Han; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Race reporting and disparities regarding clinical trials in bladder cancer: a systematic review - Elliott Freudenburg; Iyla Bagheri; Sunay Srinivas; Ariza Martinez; Nagireddy Putluri; Zachary Klaassen; Ashish M. Kamat; Badrinath R. Konety; William Y. Kim; Lars Dyrskjøt; David J. McConkey; Stephen J. Freedland; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Rapid assessments of Pacific Ocean net coral reef carbonate budgets and net calcification following the 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event - Travis A. Courtney; Hannah C. Barkley; Stephen Chan; Courtney S. Couch; Tye L. Kindinger; Thomas A. Oliver; David J. Kriegman; Andreas J. Andersson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
The 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event caused widespread coral mortality; however, its impact on the capacity for coral reefs to maintain calcium carbonate structures has not been determined. Here, we quantified remotely sensed maximum heat stress during the 2014–2017 bleaching event, census‐based net carbonate budgets from benthic imagery and fish survey data, and net reef calcification from salinity normalized seawater total alkalinity anomalies collected from 2017–2019 for 56 Pacific coral reef sites (Mariana Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Remote Island Areas, and American Samoa). We incorporated the census‐based and chemistry‐based metrics to determine a calcification vulnerability index for each site to maintain calcium carbonate balance to provide accessible information to managers and policy makers. Most coral reef sites likely experienced ecologically severe (79%, n = 44) or significant (9%, n = 7) heat stress during the 2014–2017 coral bleaching event. Census‐based net carbonate budgets (mean ± 95% = 2.1 ± 0.6 kg CaCO 3 m −2 yr −1 ) were positive for 77% of sites ( n = 43), neutral for 16% of sites ( n = 9), and negative for 7% of sites ( n = 4). Chemistry‐based relative net reef calcification (mean ± 95% = 22 ± 10 μ mol kg −1 ) was positive for 84% of sites ( n = 47), neutral for 11% of sites ( n = 6), and negative for 5% of sites ( n = 3). The calcification vulnerability index suggested the Pacific Ocean reef sites surveyed were of minimal (68%, n = 38) to moderate (32%, n = 18) concern for maintaining calcium carbonate balance following the bleaching event. This suggests that many reefs maintained positive calcium carbonate balance, but that a large number of reefs may be approaching a potential threshold for maintaining their calcium carbonate balance under the climate crisis.

Evaluating expert‐based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS‐ tracking data - Maarten J. E. Broekman; Jelle P. Hilbers; Mark A. J. Huijbregts; Thomas Mueller; Abdullahi H. Ali; Henrik Andrén; Jeanne Altmann; Malin Aronsson; Nina Attias; Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks; Floris M. van Beest; Jerrold L. Belant; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert‐based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert‐based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert‐based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS‐tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location Worldwide. Time period 1998–2021. Major taxa studied Forty‐nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS‐based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions We show how GPS‐tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS‐tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re‐evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.

A roadmap to integrating resilience into the practice of coral reef restoration - Elizabeth C. Shaver; Elizabeth McLeod; Margaux Y. Hein; Stephen R. Palumbi; Kate Quigley; Tali Vardi; Peter J. Mumby; David Smith; Phanor Montoya‐Maya; Erinn M. Muller; Anastazia T. Banaszak; Ian M. McLeod; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Recent warm temperatures driven by climate change have caused mass coral bleaching and mortality across the world, prompting managers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners to embrace restoration as a strategy to sustain coral reefs. Despite a proliferation of new coral reef restoration efforts globally and increasing scientific recognition and research on interventions aimed at supporting reef resilience to climate impacts, few restoration programs are currently incorporating climate change and resilience in project design. As climate change will continue to degrade coral reefs for decades to come, guidance is needed to support managers and restoration practitioners to conduct restoration that promotes resilience through enhanced coral reef recovery, resistance, and adaptation. Here, we address this critical implementation gap by providing recommendations that integrate resilience principles into restoration design and practice, including for project planning and design, coral selection, site selection, and broader ecosystem context. We also discuss future opportunities to improve restoration methods to support enhanced outcomes for coral reefs in response to climate change. As coral reefs are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, interventions that enhance reef resilience will help to ensure restoration efforts have a greater chance of success in a warming world. They are also more likely to provide essential contributions to global targets to protect natural biodiversity and the human communities that rely on reefs.

Influence of Rising Water Temperature on the Temperate Seagrass Species Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Northeast USA - Holly K. Plaisted; Erin C. Shields; Alyssa B. Novak; Christopher P. Peck; Forest Schenck; Jillian Carr; Paul A. Duffy; N. Tay Evans; Sophia E. Fox; Stephen M. Heck; Robbie Hudson; Trevor Mattera; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Sea surface temperature (SST) has increased worldwide since the beginning of the 20th century, a trend which is expected to continue. Changes in SST can have significant impacts on marine biota, including population-level shifts and alterations in community structure and diversity, and changes in the timing of ecosystem events. Seagrasses are a group of foundation species that grow in shallow coastal and estuarine systems, where they provide many ecosystem services. Eelgrass, Zostera marina L., is the dominant seagrass species in the Northeast United States of America (USA). Multiple factors have been cited for losses in this region, including light reduction, eutrophication, and physical disturbance. Warming has the potential to exacerbate seagrass loss. Here, we investigate regional changes in eelgrass presence and abundance in relation to local water temperature using monitoring data from eight sites in the Northeastern USA (New Hampshire to Maryland) where a consistent monitoring protocol, SeagrassNet, has been applied. We use a hurdle model consisting of a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with binomial and beta response distributions for modeling eelgrass presence and abundance, respectively, in relation to the local summer average water temperature. We show that summer water temperature one year prior to monitoring is a significant predictor of eelgrass presence, but not abundance, on a regional scale. Above average summer temperatures correspond to a decrease in probability of eelgrass presence (and increased probability of eelgrass absence) the following year. Cooler than average temperatures in the preceding year, down to approximately 0.5°C below the site average, are associated with the highest predicted probability of eelgrass presence. Our findings suggest vulnerability in eelgrass meadows of the Northeast USA and emphasize the value of unified approaches to seagrass monitoring, conservation and management at the seascape scale.

Benefits and Challenges of a Stakeholder-Driven Shellfish Toxicity Forecast in Coastal Maine - Nicholas R. Record; Johnathan Evanilla; Kohl Kanwit; Craig Burnell; Carmen Cartisano; Bryant J. Lewis; Jill MacLeod; Benjamin Tupper; David W. Miller; Adrienne T. Tracy; Carol White; Matt Moretti; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) is a human health concern for shellfish aquaculture and wild harvest. This paper discusses lessons learned from a forecasting program for PSP in coastal Maine, USA, designed based on stakeholder input, and run in an operational mode for the 2021 season. The forecast uses a deep learning algorithm to make site-specific, probabilistic forecasts at a weekly forecast range for toxin levels measured in shellfish tissue. Forecasts had high accuracy in the 2021 season, correctly predicting closure events and locations despite a highly unusual season. Stakeholders reported a positive view of the forecast system, and stakeholder input continues to be of key importance as further modifications are made to the system. There are benefits and challenges to the stakeholder-based design of the system.

Gene arrangement, phylogeny and divergence time estimation of mitogenomes in Thrips - Avas Pakrashi; Vikas Kumar; David A. C. Stanford-Beale; Stephen L. Cameron; Kaomud Tyagi (Molecular Biology Reports, 2022)

Biomarker and compound-specific isotope records across the Toarcian CIE at the Dormettingen section in SW Germany - Stephen Ajuaba; Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer; Achim Bechtel; Francesca Galasso; Doris Gross; David Misch; Elke Schneebeli-Hermann (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022)
The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) is associated with a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE; ~ 183 million years (Myr)). About 10-m-thick organic matter-rich sediments accumulated during the T-OAE in the Southwest German Basin (SWGB). Rock–Eval, maceral and biomarker analysis were used to determine variations of environmental conditions across the CIE interval. Carbon isotope records were determined for various n -alkanes, pristane and phytane to contribute to the reconstruction of the paleo-environment and to study the factors controlling molecular δ 13 C values. Geochemical redox indicators provide evidence for photic zone anoxia during the Toarcian CIE, which reached its maximum after deposition of the “Unterer Stein” marker horizon. The 2α-methylhopane index suggests enhanced activity of diazotrophic cyanobacteria, which is also supported by nitrogen isotope data. This distinguishes the SWGB from other basins with Toarcian black shale. Oxygen-depleted conditions, albeit with lower intensity continued after the CIE. All investigated compounds replicate the negative CIE, but the magnitudes vary considerably. The largest shift is observed for n -C 27 (9‰) and reflects the combined effect of the global CIE and a major change in organic matter input (termination of terrigenous organic matter input). The shift for short-chain n -alkanes, pristane, and phytane, interpreted to reflect marine biomass, varies between 4.5 and 5.0‰. This is the highest value observed so far for any Toarcian section. δ 13 C values of pristane and phytane reach a minimum near the base of the CIE interval and increase upsection. Thus, the maximum negative isotope shift predates the strongest basin restriction by about 450 thousand years (kyr).

Climate change and Australia’s primary industries: factors hampering an effective and coordinated response - Rebecca Olive Darbyshire; Stephen B. Johnson; Muhuddin Rajin Anwar; Forough Ataollahi; David Burch; Curtis Champion; Melinda A. Coleman; James Lawson; Sarah E. McDonald; Michelle Miller; Jianhua Mo; Mary Timms; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2022)

Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic clocks reveals associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume - Lidija Milicic; Michael Vacher; Tenielle Porter; Vincent Doré; Samantha C. Burnham; Pierrick Bourgeat; Rosita Shishegar; James Doecke; Nicola J. Armstrong; Rick Tankard; Paul Maruff; Colin L. Masters; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
The concept of age acceleration, the difference between biological age and chronological age, is of growing interest, particularly with respect to age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Whilst studies have reported associations with AD risk and related phenotypes, there remains a lack of consensus on these associations. Here we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between five recognised measures of age acceleration, based on DNA methylation patterns (DNAm age), and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition and AD-related neuroimaging phenotypes (volumetric MRI and Amyloid-β PET) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Significant associations were observed between age acceleration using the Hannum epigenetic clock and cross-sectional hippocampal volume in AIBL and replicated in ADNI. In AIBL, several other findings were observed cross-sectionally, including a significant association between hippocampal volume and the Hannum and Phenoage epigenetic clocks. Further, significant associations were also observed between hippocampal volume and the Zhang and Phenoage epigenetic clocks within Amyloid-β positive individuals. However, these were not validated within the ADNI cohort. No associations between age acceleration and other Alzheimer’s disease-related phenotypes, including measures of cognition or brain Amyloid-β burden, were observed, and there was no association with longitudinal change in any phenotype. This study presents a link between age acceleration, as determined using DNA methylation, and hippocampal volume that was statistically significant across two highly characterised cohorts. The results presented in this study contribute to a growing literature that supports the role of epigenetic modifications in ageing and AD-related phenotypes.

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people - Johannes Tobias Neumann; Le T. P. Thao; Anne M. Murray; Emily Callander; Prudence R. Carr; Mark R. Nelson; Rory Wolfe; Robyn L. Woods; Christopher M. Reid; Raj C. Shah; Anne B. Newman; Jeff D. Williamson; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disability-free survival outcome was defined as absence of dementia, persistent disability or death. Selection of potential predictors from amongst 25 biomedical, psychosocial and lifestyle variables including recognized geriatric risk factors, utilizing a machine-learning approach. Separate models were developed for men and women. The selected predictors were evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and validated internally by bootstrapping. We included 19,114 Australian and US participants aged ≥65 years (median 74 years, IQR 71.6–77.7). Common predictors of a worse prognosis in both sexes included higher age, lower Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, lower gait speed, lower grip strength and abnormal (low or elevated) body mass index. Additional risk factors for men included current smoking, and abnormal eGFR. In women, diabetes and depression were additional predictors. The biased-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the final prognostic models at 5 years were 0.72 for men and 0.75 for women. Final models showed good calibration between the observed and predicted risks. We developed a prediction model in which age, cognitive function and gait speed were the strongest predictors of disability-free survival in healthy older people. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583)

Investigating the contribution of white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness to empathy in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases - Miracle Ozzoude; Brenda Varriano; Derek Beaton; Joel Ramirez; Melissa F. Holmes; Christopher J. M. Scott; Fuqiang Gao; Kelly M. Sunderland; Paula McLaughlin; Jennifer Rabin; Maged Goubran; Donna Kwan; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Measuring fitness and inferring natural selection from long-term field studies: different measures lead to nuanced conclusions - Vincent A. Viblanc; Claire Saraux; Anouch Tamian; François Criscuolo; David W. Coltman; Shirley Raveh; Jan O. Murie; F. Stephen Dobson (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2022)

Tropical and subtropical Asia's valued tree species under threat - Hannes Gaisberger; Tobias Fremout; Chris J. Kettle; Barbara Vinceti; Della Kemalasari; Tania Kanchanarak; Evert Thomas; Josep M. Serra‐Diaz; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Ferry Slik; Wichan Eiadthong; Kandasamy Palanisamy; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
Tree diversity in Asia's tropical and subtropical forests is central to nature‐based solutions. Species vulnerability to multiple threats, which affect provision of ecosystem services, is poorly understood. We conducted a region‐wide, spatially explicit assessment of the vulnerability of 63 socioeconomically important tree species to overexploitation, fire, overgrazing, habitat conversion, and climate change. Trees were selected for assessment from national priority lists, and selections were validated by an expert network representing 20 countries. We used Maxent suitability modeling to predict species distribution ranges, freely accessible spatial data sets to map threat exposures, and functional traits to estimate threat sensitivities. Species‐specific vulnerability maps were created as the product of exposure maps and sensitivity estimates. Based on vulnerability to current threats and climate change, we identified priority areas for conservation and restoration. Overall, 74% of the most important areas for conservation of these trees fell outside protected areas, and all species were severely threatened across an average of 47% of their native ranges. The most imminent threats were overexploitation and habitat conversion; populations were severely threatened by these factors in an average of 24% and 16% of their ranges, respectively. Our model predicted limited overall climate change impacts, although some study species were likely to lose over 15% of their habitat by 2050 due to climate change. We pinpointed specific natural areas in Borneo rain forests as hotspots for in situ conservation of forest genetic resources, more than 82% of which fell outside designated protected areas. We also identified degraded areas in Western Ghats, Indochina dry forests, and Sumatran rain forests as hotspots for restoration, where planting or assisted natural regeneration will help conserve these species, and croplands in southern India and Thailand as potentially important agroforestry options. Our results highlight the need for regionally coordinated action for effective conservation and restoration.

Data Quality Influences the Predicted Distribution and Habitat of Four Southern-Hemisphere Albatross Species - Kimberly T. Goetz; Fabrice Stephenson; Andrew Hoskins; Aidan D. Bindoff; Rachael A. Orben; Paul M. Sagar; Leigh G. Torres; Caitlin E. Kroeger; Lisa A. Sztukowski; Richard A. Phillips; Stephen C. Votier; Stuart Bearhop; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Few studies have assessed the influence of data quality on the predicted probability of occurrence and preferred habitat of marine predators. We compared results from four species distribution models (SDMs) for four southern-hemisphere albatross species, Buller’s ( Thalassarche bulleri ), Campbell ( T. impavida ), grey-headed ( T. chrysostoma ), and white-capped ( T. steadi ), based on datasets of differing quality, ranging from no location data to twice-daily locations of individual birds collected by geolocation devices. Two relative environmental suitability (RES) models were fit using minimum and maximum preferred and absolute values for each environmental variable based on (1) monthly 50% kernel density contours and background environmental data, and (2) primary literature or expert opinion. Additionally, two boosted regression tree (BRT) models were fit using (1) opportunistic sightings data, and (2) geolocation data from bird-borne electronic tags. Using model-specific threshold values, habitat was quantified for each species and model. Model variables included distance from land, bathymetry, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll- a concentration. Results from both RES models and the BRT model fit with opportunistic sightings were compared to those from the BRT model fit using geolocation data to assess the influence of data quality on predicted occupancy and habitat. For all species, BRT models outperformed RES models. BRT models offer a predictive advantage over RES models by being able to identify relevant variables, incorporate environmental interactions, and provide spatially explicit estimates of model uncertainty. RES models resulted in larger, less refined areas of predicted habitat for all species. Our study highlights the importance of data quality in predicting the distribution and habitat of albatrosses and emphasises the need to consider the pros and cons associated with different levels of data quality when using SDMs to inform management decisions. Furthermore, we examine the overlap in preferred habitat predicted by each SDM with fishing effort. We discuss the influence of data quality on predicting the wide-scale distributions of pelagic seabirds and how these impacts could result in different protection measures.

Cancer and cardiovascular-related perceived risk in a diverse cancer center catchment area - Laura C. Pinheiro; Orysya Soroka; Dominic Razon; Rosio Ramos; Francesse Antoine; Andrew J. Dannenberg; Monika Safford; Stephen J. Peterson; Rulla M. Tamimi; David M. Nanus; Erica Phillips (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)
Purpose Despite cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) sharing several modifiable risk factors, few unified prevention efforts exist. We sought to determine the association between risk perception for cancer and CVD and engagement in healthy behaviors. Methods Between May 2019 and August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of adults ≥ 40 years residing in Brooklyn neighborhoods with high cancer mortality. We considered one’s perceived risk of cancer and CVD compared to age counterparts as the primary exposures. The primary study outcome was a weighted health behavior score (wHBS) composed of 5 domains: physical activity, no obesity, no smoking, low alcohol intake, and healthy diet. Modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to assess associations between perceived risk for cancer and CVD and the wHBS, separately. Results We surveyed 2448 adults (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [12.9] years); 61% female, 30% Non-Hispanic White, and 70% racial/ethnic minorities. Compared to their age counterparts nearly one-third of participants perceived themselves to be at higher CVD or cancer risk. Perceiving higher CVD risk was associated with an 8% lower likelihood of engaging in healthy behaviors (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.86–0.99). Perceiving greater cancer risk was associated with a 14% lower likelihood of engaging in healthy behaviors (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.95). The association between cancer risk and wHBS attenuated but remained significant (aRR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–0.98) after adjustment. Conclusion Identifying high-risk subgroups and intervening on shared risk behaviors could have the greatest long-term impact on reducing CVD and cancer morbidity and mortality.

Nocturnal light-specific temporal partitioning facilitates coexistence for a small mesopredator, the eastern spotted skunk - Courtney J. Marneweck; Cameron R. Forehand; Charles D. Waggy; Stephen N. Harris; Todd E. Katzner; David S. Jachowski (Journal of Ethology, 2022)

Demographic composition, not demographic diversity, predicts biomass and turnover across temperate and tropical forests - Jessica F. Needham; Daniel J. Johnson; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Norman Bourg; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Nathalie Butt; Min Cao; Dairon Cárdenas; Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang; Yu‐Yun Chen; George Chuyong; Handanakere S. Dattaraja; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
The growth and survival of individual trees determine the physical structure of a forest with important consequences for forest function. However, given the diversity of tree species and forest biomes, quantifying the multitude of demographic strategies within and across forests and the way that they translate into forest structure and function remains a significant challenge. Here, we quantify the demographic rates of 1961 tree species from temperate and tropical forests and evaluate how demographic diversity (DD) and demographic composition (DC) differ across forests, and how these differences in demography relate to species richness, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon residence time. We find wide variation in DD and DC across forest plots, patterns that are not explained by species richness or climate variables alone. There is no evidence that DD has an effect on either AGB or carbon residence time. Rather, the DC of forests, specifically the relative abundance of large statured species, predicted both biomass and carbon residence time. Our results demonstrate the distinct DCs of globally distributed forests, reflecting biogeography, recent history, and current plot conditions. Linking the DC of forests to resilience or vulnerability to climate change, will improve the precision and accuracy of predictions of future forest composition, structure, and function.

Estimating peanut and soybean photosynthetic traits using leaf spectral reflectance and advance regression models - Ma. Luisa Buchaillot; David Soba; Tianchu Shu; Juan Liu; Iker Aranjuelo; José Luis Araus; G. Brett Runion; Stephen A. Prior; Shawn C. Kefauver; Alvaro Sanz-Saez (Planta, 2022)
Main conclusion By combining hyperspectral signatures of peanut and soybean, we predicted V cmax and J max with 70 and 50% accuracy. The PLS was the model that better predicted these photosynthetic parameters. Abstract One proposed key strategy for increasing potential crop stability and yield centers on exploitation of genotypic variability in photosynthetic capacity through precise high-throughput phenotyping techniques. Photosynthetic parameters, such as the maximum rate of Rubisco catalyzed carboxylation ( V c ,max ) and maximum electron transport rate supporting RuBP regeneration ( J max ), have been identified as key targets for improvement. The primary techniques for measuring these physiological parameters are very time-consuming. However, these parameters could be estimated using rapid and non-destructive leaf spectroscopy techniques. This study compared four different advanced regression models (PLS, BR, ARDR, and LASSO) to estimate V c ,max and J max based on leaf reflectance spectra measured with an ASD FieldSpec4. Two leguminous species were tested under different controlled environmental conditions: (1) peanut under different water regimes at normal atmospheric conditions and (2) soybean under high [CO 2 ] and high night temperature. Model sensitivities were assessed for each crop and treatment separately and in combination to identify strengths and weaknesses of each modeling approach. Regardless of regression model, robust predictions were achieved for V c ,max ( R 2 = 0.70) and J max ( R 2 = 0.50). Field spectroscopy shows promising results for estimating spatial and temporal variations in photosynthetic capacity based on leaf and canopy spectral properties.

Long-term television viewing patterns and gray matter brain volume in midlife - Ryan J. Dougherty; Tina D. Hoang; Lenore J. Launer; David R. Jacobs; Stephen Sidney; Kristine Yaffe (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

The clinical features of polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP) and recommendations for patient management - Claire Palles; Lynn Martin; Enric Domingo; Laura Chegwidden; Josh McGuire; Vicky Cuthill; Ellen Heitzer; Rachel Kerr; David Kerr; Stephen Kearsey; Susan K. Clark; Ian Tomlinson; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2022)
Pathogenic germline exonuclease domain (ED) variants of POLE and POLD1 cause the Mendelian dominant condition polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP). We aimed to describe the clinical features of all PPAP patients with probably pathogenic variants. We identified patients with a variants mapping to the EDs of POLE or POLD1 from cancer genetics clinics, a colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical trial, and systematic review of the literature. We used multiple evidence sources to separate ED variants into those with strong evidence of pathogenicity and those of uncertain importance. We performed quantitative analysis of the risk of CRC, colorectal adenomas, endometrial cancer or any cancer in the former group. 132 individuals carried a probably pathogenic ED variant (105 POLE , 27 POLD1 ). The earliest malignancy was colorectal cancer at 14. The most common tumour types were colorectal, followed by endometrial in POLD1 heterozygotes and duodenal in POLE heterozygotes. POLD1- mutant cases were at a significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer than POLE heterozygotes. Five individuals with a POLE pathogenic variant, but none with a POLD1 pathogenic variant, developed ovarian cancer. Nine patients with POLE pathogenic variants and one with a POLD1 pathogenic variant developed brain tumours. Our data provide important evidence for PPAP management. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended from age 14 and upper-gastrointestinal surveillance from age 25. The management of other tumour risks remains uncertain, but surveillance should be considered. In the absence of strong genotype–phenotype associations, these recommendations should apply to all PPAP patients.

Effects of human footprint and biophysical factors on the body‐size structure of fished marine species - Nestor E. Bosch; Jacquomo Monk; Jordan Goetze; Shaun Wilson; Russell C. Babcock; Neville Barrett; Jock Clough; Leanne M. Currey‐Randall; David V. Fairclough; Rebecca Fisher; Brooke A. Gibbons; David Harasti; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
Marine fisheries in coastal ecosystems in many areas of the world have historically removed large‐bodied individuals, potentially impairing ecosystem functioning and the long‐term sustainability of fish populations. Reporting on size‐based indicators that link to food‐web structure can contribute to ecosystem‐based management, but the application of these indicators over large (cross‐ecosystem) geographical scales has been limited to either fisheries‐dependent catch data or diver‐based methods restricted to shallow waters (

Correction: Stratigraphic and structural controls on groundwater salinity variations in the Poso Creek Oil Field, Kern County, California, USA - Michael J. Stephens; David H. Shimabukuro; Will Chang; Janice M. Gillespie; Zack Levinson (Hydrogeology Journal, 2022)

CropPol : A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination - Alfonso Allen‐Perkins; Ainhoa Magrach; Matteo Dainese; Lucas A. Garibaldi; David Kleijn; Romina Rader; James R. Reilly; Rachael Winfree; Ola Lundin; Carley M. McGrady; Claire Brittain; David J. Biddinger; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open, and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e., berry mass, number of fruits, and fruit density [kg/ha], among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), North America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001–2005 (21 studies), 2006–2010 (40), 2011–2015 (88), and 2016–2020 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non‐commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY‐NC‐SA).

Climate policy conflict in the U.S. states: a critical review and way forward - Joshua A. Basseches; Rebecca Bromley-Trujillo; Maxwell T. Boykoff; Trevor Culhane; Galen Hall; Noel Healy; David J. Hess; David Hsu; Rachel M. Krause; Harland Prechel; J. Timmons Roberts; Jennie C. Stephens (Climatic Change, 2022)
Many U.S. states have taken significant action on climate change in recent years, demonstrating their commitment despite federal policy gridlock and rollbacks. Yet, there is still much we do not know about the agents, discourses, and strategies of those seeking to delay or obstruct state-level climate action. We first ask, what are the obstacles to strong and effective climate policy within U.S. states? We review the political structures and interest groups that slow action, and we examine emerging tensions between climate justice and the technocratic and/or market-oriented approaches traditionally taken by many mainstream environmental groups. Second, what are potential solutions for overcoming these obstacles? We suggest strategies for overcoming opposition to climate action that may advance more effective and inclusive state policy, focusing on political strategies, media framing, collaboration, and leveraging the efforts of ambitious local governments.

Biogeochemical consequences of a changing Arctic shelf seafloor ecosystem - Christian März; Felipe S. Freitas; Johan C. Faust; Jasmin A. Godbold; Sian F. Henley; Allyson C. Tessin; Geoffrey D. Abbott; Ruth Airs; Sandra Arndt; David K. A. Barnes; Laura J. Grange; Neil D. Gray; et al. (Ambio, 2022)
Unprecedented and dramatic transformations are occurring in the Arctic in response to climate change, but academic, public, and political discourse has disproportionately focussed on the most visible and direct aspects of change, including sea ice melt, permafrost thaw, the fate of charismatic megafauna, and the expansion of fisheries. Such narratives disregard the importance of less visible and indirect processes and, in particular, miss the substantive contribution of the shelf seafloor in regulating nutrients and sequestering carbon. Here, we summarise the biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic shelf seafloor before considering how climate change and regional adjustments to human activities may alter its biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, including ecosystem function, carbon burial, or nutrient recycling. We highlight the importance of the Arctic benthic system in mitigating climatic and anthropogenic change and, with a focus on the Barents Sea, offer some observations and our perspectives on future management and policy.

Next‐generation phylogeography resolves post‐glacial colonization patterns in a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), in Europe - Allan D. McDevitt; Ilaria Coscia; Samuel S. Browett; Aritz Ruiz‐González; Mark J. Statham; Iwona Ruczyńska; Liam Roberts; Joanna Stojak; Alain C. Frantz; Karin Norén; Erik O. Ågren; Jane Learmount; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Carnivores tend to exhibit a lack of (or less pronounced) genetic structure at continental scales in both a geographic and temporal sense and this can confound the identification of post‐glacial colonization patterns in this group. In this study we used genome‐wide data (using genotyping by sequencing [GBS]) to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), by investigating broad‐scale patterns of genomic variation, differentiation and admixture amongst contemporary populations in Europe. Using 15,003 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 524 individuals allowed us to identify the importance of refugial regions for the red fox in terms of endemism (e.g., Iberia). In addition, we tested multiple post‐glacial recolonization scenarios of previously glaciated regions during the Last Glacial Maximum using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach that were unresolved from previous studies. This allowed us to identify the role of admixture from multiple source population post‐Younger Dryas in the case of Scandinavia and ancient land‐bridges in the colonization of the British Isles. A natural colonization of Ireland was deemed more likely than an ancient human‐mediated introduction as has previously been proposed and potentially points to a larger mammalian community on the island in the early post‐glacial period. Using genome‐wide data has allowed us to tease apart broad‐scale patterns of structure and diversity in a widespread carnivore in Europe that was not evident from using more limited marker sets and provides a foundation for next‐generation phylogeographic studies in other non‐model species.

Limited biogeochemical modification of surface waters by kelp forest canopies: Influence of kelp metabolism and site‐specific hydrodynamics - Sarah B. Traiger; Brian Cohn; Demetra Panos; Margaret Daly; Heidi K. Hirsh; Maria Martone; Isabella Gutierrez; David A. Mucciarone; Yuichiro Takeshita; Stephen G. Monismith; Robert B. Dunbar; Kerry J. Nickols (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Climate change is causing decreases in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal ecosystems. Canopy‐forming giant kelp can locally increase DO and pH through photosynthesis, with the most pronounced effect expected in surface waters where the bulk of kelp biomass resides. However, limited observations are available from waters in canopies and measurements at depth show limited potential of giant kelp to ameliorate chemical conditions. We quantified spatiotemporal variability of surface biogeochemistry and assessed the role of biological and physical drivers in pH and DO modification at two locations differing in hydrodynamics inside and outside of two kelp forests in Monterey Bay, California in summer 2019. pH, DO, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and temperature were measured at and near the surface, in conjunction with physical parameters (currents and pressure), nutrients, and metrics of phytoplankton and kelp biological processes. DO and pH were highest, with lower DIC, at the surface inside kelp forests. However, differences inside vs. outside of kelp forests were small (DO 6–8%, pH 0.05 higher in kelp). The kelp forest with lower significant wave height and slower currents had greater modification of surface biogeochemistry as indicated by larger diel variation and slightly higher mean DO and pH, despite lower kelp growth rates. Differences between kelp forests and offshore areas were not driven by nutrients or phytoplankton. Although kelp had clear effects on biogeochemistry, which were modulated by hydrodynamics, the small magnitude and spatial extent of the effect limits the potential of kelp forests to mitigate acidification and hypoxia.

Correction to: A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience: the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility - Mathew Birdsall Abrams; Jan G. Bjaalie; Samir Das; Gary F. Egan; Satrajit S. Ghosh; Wojtek J. Goscinski; Jeffrey S. Grethe; Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski; Eric Tatt Wei Ho; David N. Kennedy; Linda J. Lanyon; Trygve B. Leergaard; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2022)

A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience: the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility - Mathew Birdsall Abrams; Jan G. Bjaalie; Samir Das; Gary F. Egan; Satrajit S. Ghosh; Wojtek J. Goscinski; Jeffrey S. Grethe; Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski; Eric Tatt Wei Ho; David N. Kennedy; Linda J. Lanyon; Trygve B. Leergaard; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2022)
There is great need for coordination around standards and best practices in neuroscience to support efforts to make neuroscience a data-centric discipline. Major brain initiatives launched around the world are poised to generate huge stores of neuroscience data. At the same time, neuroscience, like many domains in biomedicine, is confronting the issues of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Widely used, validated standards and best practices are key to addressing the challenges in both big and small data science, as they are essential for integrating diverse data and for developing a robust, effective, and sustainable infrastructure to support open and reproducible neuroscience. However, developing community standards and gaining their adoption is difficult. The current landscape is characterized both by a lack of robust, validated standards and a plethora of overlapping, underdeveloped, untested and underutilized standards and best practices. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing through the coordination of infrastructure and standards, has recently implemented a formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices in support of the FAIR principles. By formally serving as a standards organization dedicated to open and FAIR neuroscience, INCF helps evaluate, promulgate, and coordinate standards and best practices across neuroscience. Here, we provide an overview of the process and discuss how neuroscience can benefit from having a dedicated standards body.

Essential outcomes for COP26 - Pete Smith; Linda Beaumont; Carl J. Bernacchi; Maria Byrne; William Cheung; Richard T. Conant; Francesca Cotrufo; Xiaojuan Feng; Ivan Janssens; Hefin Jones; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Kazuhiko Kobayashi; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)

Regional and national changes in soil carbon stocks with land-use change from 1990 to 2016 for New Zealand - David Whitehead; Stephen J. E. McNeill; Paul L. Mudge (Regional Environmental Change, 2021)

Quantifying fishing activity targeting subsea pipelines by commercial trap fishers - Todd Bond; Dianne L. McLean; Corey B. Wakefield; Julian C. Partridge; Jane Prince; David White; Dion K. Boddington; Stephen J. Newman (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2021)

Towards a global list of accepted species V. The devil is in the detail - Richard L. Pyle; Saroj K. Barik; Les Christidis; Stijn Conix; Mark John Costello; Peter Paul van Dijk; Stephen T. Garnett; Donald Hobern; Paul M. Kirk; Aaron M. Lien; Thomas M. Orrell; David Remsen; et al. (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2021)

New Skull Material of Taeniolabis taoensis (Multituberculata, Taeniolabididae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) of the Denver Basin, Colorado - David W. Krause; Simone Hoffmann; Tyler R. Lyson; Lindsay G. Dougan; Holger Petermann; Adrienne Tecza; Stephen G. B. Chester; Ian M. Miller (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2021)

Stratigraphic and structural controls on groundwater salinity variations in the Poso Creek Oil Field, Kern County, California, USA - Michael J. Stephens; David H. Shimabukuro; Will Chang; Janice M. Gillespie; Zack Levinson (Hydrogeology Journal, 2021)
Groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) distribution was mapped with a three-dimensional (3D) model, and it was found that TDS variability is largely controlled by stratigraphy and geologic structure. General TDS patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California (USA) are attributed to predominantly connate water composition and large-scale recharge from the adjacent Sierra Nevada. However, in smaller areas, stratigraphy and faulting play an important role in controlling TDS. Here, the relationship of stratigraphy and structure to TDS concentration was examined at Poso Creek Oil Field, Kern County, California. The TDS model was constructed using produced water TDS samples and borehole geophysics. The model was used to predict TDS concentration at discrete locations in 3D space and used a Gaussian process to interpolate TDS over a volume. In the overlying aquifer, TDS is typically <1,000 mg/L and increases with depth to ~1,200–3,500 mg/L in the hydrocarbon zone below the Macoma claystone—a regionally extensive, fine-grained unit—and reaches ~7,000 mg/L in isolated places. The Macoma claystone creates a vertical TDS gradient in the west where it is thickest, but control decreases to the east where it pinches out and allows freshwater recharge. Previously mapped normal faults were found to exhibit inconsistent control on TDS. In one case, high-density faulting appears to prevent recharge from flushing higher-TDS connate water. Elsewhere, the high-throw segments of a normal fault exhibit variable behavior, in places blocking lower-TDS recharge and in other cases allowing flushing. Importantly, faults apparently have differential control on oil and groundwater.

Correction to: Reproducibility and accuracy of microscale thermophoresis in the NanoTemper Monolith: a multi laboratory benchmark study - Blanca López-Méndez; Bruno Baron; Chad A. Brautigam; Thomas A. Jowitt; Stefan H. Knauer; Stephan Uebel; Mark A. Williams; Arthur Sedivy; Olga Abian; Celeste Abreu; Malgorzata Adamczyk; Wojciech Bal; et al. (European Biophysics Journal, 2021)

Comparison of benthic macroinvertebrate assessment methods along a salinity gradient in headwater streams - Rachel A. Pence; Thomas R. Cianciolo; Damion R. Drover; Daniel L. McLaughlin; David J. Soucek; Anthony J. Timpano; Carl E. Zipper; Stephen H. Schoenholtz (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Early gestational profiling of oxidative stress and angiogenic growth mediators as predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach to identify suboptimal health pregnant mothers likely to develop preeclampsia - Enoch Odame Anto; David Antony Coall; Otchere Addai-Mensah; Yaw Amo Wiafe; William K. B. A. Owiredu; Christian Obirikorang; Max Efui Annani-Akollor; Eric Adua; Augustine Tawiah; Emmanuel Acheampong; Evans Adu Asamoah; Xueqing Wang; et al. (EPMA Journal, 2021)

Shark Side of the Moon: Are Shark Attacks Related to Lunar Phase? - Lindsay A. French; Stephen R. Midway; David H. Evans; George H. Burgess (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Animals across taxa have shown behaviors linked to moon phase (or the proxy of lunar illumination), and marine organisms are well-documented to calibrate certain activities with the moon. Few studies have looked at a possible connection between moon phase and shark attacks on humans, and the results have been preliminary or lacking relationships. We used nearly 50 years of shark attack data from across the globe to test for a relationship between shark attacks and moon phase. We examined factors of geography, shark species, and outcome of attack. From 12 relationships that we tested (totaling 120 comparisons), we found 12 significant outcomes, of which five were positive (i.e., more attacks than expected) and seven were negative (i.e., fewer attacks than expected). Specifically, all the instances of more shark attacks than expected occurred at lunar illumination >50%, while all the instances of fewer shark attacks than expected occurred at lunar illumination of <50%. The findings presented here provide global evidence that shark attacks may be related to moon phase, and such information could be useful toward evaluating attack risk and developing recommendations for water-based recreational activities.

From tides to nucleotides: Genomic signatures of adaptation to environmental heterogeneity in barnacles - Joaquin C. B. Nunez; Stephen Rong; David A. Ferranti; Alejandro Damian‐Serrano; Kimberly B. Neil; Henrik Glenner; Rebecca G. Elyanow; Bianca R. P. Brown; Magnus Alm Rosenblad; Anders Blomberg; Kerstin Johannesson; David M. Rand (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
The northern acorn barnacle ( Semibalanus balanoides ) is a robust system to study the genetic basis of adaptations to highly heterogeneous environments. Adult barnacles may be exposed to highly dissimilar levels of thermal stress depending on where they settle in the intertidal (i.e., closer to the upper or lower tidal boundary). For instance, barnacles near the upper tidal limit experience episodic summer temperatures above recorded heat coma levels. This differential stress at the microhabitat level is also dependent on the aspect of sun exposure. In the present study, we used pool‐seq approaches to conduct a genome wide screen for loci responding to intertidal zonation across the North Atlantic basin (Maine, Rhode Island, and Norway). Our analysis discovered 382 genomic regions containing SNPs which are consistently zonated (i.e., SNPs whose frequencies vary depending on their position in the rocky intertidal) across all surveyed habitats. Notably, most zonated SNPs are young and private to the North Atlantic. These regions show high levels of genetic differentiation across ecologically extreme microhabitats concomitant with elevated levels of genetic variation and Tajima's D , suggesting the action of non‐neutral processes. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that spatially heterogeneous selection is a general and repeatable feature for this species, and that natural selection can maintain functional genetic variation in heterogeneous environments.

Large‐scale genome sampling reveals unique immunity and metabolic adaptations in bats - Diana D. Moreno Santillán; Tanya M. Lama; Yocelyn T. Gutierrez Guerrero; Alexis M. Brown; Paul Donat; Huabin Zhao; Stephen J. Rossiter; Laurel R. Yohe; Joshua H. Potter; Emma C. Teeling; Sonja C. Vernes; Kalina T. J. Davies; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Comprising more than 1,400 species, bats possess adaptations unique among mammals including powered flight, unexpected longevity, and extraordinary immunity. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique adaptations includes DNA repair, metabolism and immunity. However, analyses have been limited to a few divergent lineages, reducing the scope of inferences on gene family evolution across the Order Chiroptera. We conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic study of 37 bat species, one generated in this study, encompassing a large number of lineages, with a particular emphasis on multi‐gene family evolution across immune and metabolic genes. In agreement with previous analyses, we found lineage‐specific expansions of the APOBEC3 and MHC‐I gene families, and loss of the proinflammatory PYHIN gene family. We inferred more than 1,000 gene losses unique to bats, including genes involved in the regulation of inflammasome pathways such as epithelial defence receptors, the natural killer gene complex and the interferon‐gamma induced pathway. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed genes lost in bats are involved in defence response against pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and damage‐associated molecular patterns. Gene family evolution and selection analyses indicate bats have evolved fundamental functional differences compared to other mammals in both innate and adaptive immune system, with the potential to enhance antiviral immune response while dampening inflammatory signalling. In addition, metabolic genes have experienced repeated expansions related to convergent shifts to plant‐based diets. Our analyses support the hypothesis that, in tandem with flight, ancestral bats had evolved a unique set of immune adaptations whose functional implications remain to be explored.

Age, growth and reproductive life‐history characteristics infer a high population productivity for the sustainably fished protogynous hermaphroditic yellowspotted rockcod ( Epinephelus areolatus ) in north‐western Australia - Dion K. Boddington; Corey B. Wakefield; Emily A. Fisher; David V. Fairclough; Euan S. Harvey; Stephen J. Newman (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
The yellowspotted rockcod, Epinephelus areolatus , is a small‐sized grouper that is widely distributed throughout the Indo‐Pacific, where it forms a valuable component of the harvest derived from multispecies fisheries along continental and insular shelves. Samples of E. areolatus were collected from 2012 to 2018 from commercial catches and research surveys in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Gascoyne regions of north‐western Australia to improve the understanding of the life history, inherent vulnerability and stock status of this species. Histological analysis of gonads ( n = 1889) determined that E. areolatus was a monandric protogynous hermaphrodite. Non‐functional spermatogenic crypts were dispersed within the ovaries of 23% of mature functioning females; nonetheless, these crypts were not observed during the immature female phase. The length and age at which 50% of females matured were 266 mm total length ( L T ) and 2.7 years, respectively. The spawning period was protracted over 10–12 months of the year with biannual peaks at the start of spring and autumn ( i.e ., September and March) when the photoperiod was at its mid‐range ( i.e ., 12.1 h). Estimates of the lengths and ages at which 50% of E. areolatus change sex from female to male were very similar ( i.e ., i.e ., of 364 and 349 mm L T and of 7.9 and 7.3 years, respectively. A maximum age of 19 years was observed in all three regions, but there was significant regional variation in growth. These variations in growth were not correlated with latitude; instead a parabolic relationship was evident, where the smallest mean length‐at‐age and fastest growth rates ( k ) occurred in the mid‐latitudes of the Pilbara region. In the Kimberley and Pilbara regions, individuals were not fully selected by commercial fish traps until 5–6 years of age, hence, several years after reaching maturity. These life‐history characteristics infer a high population productivity, which underpins the sustainable harvest of this species, despite comprising the largest catches of all epinephelids in the multispecies tropical fisheries across north‐western Australia.

Net design for selective control of the “plague minnow” Gambusia holbrooki that minimises impact on native Australian fishes - David L. Morgan; Karissa O. Lear; Brendan C. Ebner; Stephen J. Beatty (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
Gambusia holbrooki is one of the world's most environmentally damaging introduced species, being notoriously difficult to control once established. A composite double‐winged fyke net comprising four vertically stacked compartments was developed to determine the potential to control G. holbrooki , while reducing negative interactions of this aggressive species with small threatened fishes. The stacked fyke net captured three times as many G. holbrooki as a conventional fyke net while maintaining consistent catches of native fishes relative to that from a conventional fyke net, and detected species‐specific vertical distributions. This stratified net design represents a valuable management option for controlling this agonistic species or for limiting antagonistic interactions between G. holbrooki and native species during typical fyke sampling of native ecosystems.

Local canopy disturbance as an explanation for long‐term increases in liana abundance - Stefan A. Schnitzer; David M. DeFilippis; Marco Visser; Sergio Estrada‐Villegas; Rigoberto Rivera‐Camaña; Boris Bernal; Salomé Peréz; Abelino Valdéz; Seberino Valdéz; Antonio Aguilar; James W. Dalling; Eben N. Broadbent; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2021)
Canopy disturbance explains liana abundance and distribution within tropical forests and thus may also explain the widespread pattern of increasing liana abundance; however, this hypothesis remains untested. We used a 10‐year study (2007–2017) of 117,100 rooted lianas in an old‐growth Panamanian forest to test whether local canopy disturbance explains increasing liana abundance. We found that liana density increased 29.2% and basal area 12.5%. The vast majority of these increases were associated with clonal stem proliferation following canopy disturbance, particularly in liana‐dense, low‐canopy gaps, which had far greater liana increases than did undisturbed forest. Lianas may be ecological niche constructors, arresting tree regeneration in gaps and thus creating a high‐light environment that favours sustained liana proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that liana abundance is increasing rapidly and their ability to proliferate via copious clonal stem production in canopy gaps explains much of their increase in this and possibly other tropical forests.

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact - Molly K. Grace; H. Resit Akçakaya; Elizabeth L. Bennett; Thomas M. Brooks; Anna Heath; Simon Hedges; Craig Hilton‐Taylor; Michael Hoffmann; Axel Hochkirch; Richard Jenkins; David A. Keith; Barney Long; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2021)
Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species’ viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score ) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics ( conservation legacy, conservation dependence , conservation gain , and recovery potential ). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species’ recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories : fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty‐nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics , indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) - Miriam Martin; Stephen Smith; Michael Kleinhenz; Geraldine Magnin; Zhoumeng Lin; David Kuhn; Shawnee Montgomery; Johann Coetzee (Fishes, 2021)
Evidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use in aquaculture is limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam administered IM or orally (PO) in tilapia. Two hundred and seventy fish were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: flunixin meglumine IM (2.2 mg/kg); meloxicam IM (1 mg/kg); or meloxicam PO (1 mg/kg). Blood and tissue samples were collected from 6 fish per treatment at 14 time points for 10 days. Drug concentrations were determined using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Plasma concentration versus time data were analyzed with a non-compartmental approach using a commercially available software. Flunixin reached a mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of 4826.7 ng/mL at 0.5 h, had a terminal half-life (T1/2) of 7.34 h, and an area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCINF_obs) of 25,261.62 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam IM had a T1/2 of 9.4 h after reaching a Cmax of 11.3 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUCINF_obs of 150.31 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam PO had a T1/2 of 1.9 h after reaching a Cmax of 72.2 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUCINF_obs of 400.83 h·ng/mL. Tissue concentrations of both drugs were undetectable by 9 h. Flunixin reached a sufficient plasma concentration to potentially have an analgesic effect, while meloxicam, when administered at the given dosage, likely would not.

Animal Borne Ocean Sensors – AniBOS – An Essential Component of the Global Ocean Observing System - Clive R. McMahon; Fabien Roquet; Sophie Baudel; Mathieu Belbeoch; Sophie Bestley; Clint Blight; Lars Boehme; Fiona Carse; Daniel P. Costa; Michael A. Fedak; Christophe Guinet; Robert Harcourt; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal behavior and ecology. These data are an essential component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The Animal Borne Ocean Sensors (AniBOS) network aims to coordinate the long-term collection and delivery of marine data streams, providing a complementary capability to other GOOS networks that monitor Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), essential climate variables (ECVs) and essential biodiversity variables (EBVs). AniBOS augments observations of temperature and salinity within the upper ocean, in areas that are under-sampled, providing information that is urgently needed for an improved understanding of climate and ocean variability and for forecasting. Additionally, measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen concentrations are emerging. The observations AniBOS provides are used widely across the research, modeling and operational oceanographic communities. High latitude, shallow coastal shelves and tropical seas have historically been sampled poorly with traditional observing platforms for many reasons including sea ice presence, limited satellite coverage and logistical costs. Animal-borne sensors are helping to fill that gap by collecting and transmitting in near real time an average of 500 temperature-salinity-depth profiles per animal annually and, when instruments are recovered (∼30% of instruments deployed annually, n = 103 ± 34), up to 1,000 profiles per month in these regions. Increased observations from under-sampled regions greatly improve the accuracy and confidence in estimates of ocean state and improve studies of climate variability by delivering data that refine climate prediction estimates at regional and global scales. The GOOS Observations Coordination Group (OCG) reviews, advises on and coordinates activities across the global ocean observing networks to strengthen the effective implementation of the system. AniBOS was formally recognized in 2020 as a GOOS network. This improves our ability to observe the ocean’s structure and animals that live in them more comprehensively, concomitantly improving our understanding of global ocean and climate processes for societal benefit consistent with the UN Sustainability Goals 13 and 14: Climate and Life below Water. Working within the GOOS OCG framework ensures that AniBOS is an essential component of an integrated Global Ocean Observing System.

Altered structure of bat–prey interaction networks in logged tropical forests revealed by metabarcoding - David R. Hemprich‐Bennett; Victoria A. Kemp; Joshua Blackman; Matthew J. Struebig; Owen T. Lewis; Stephen J. Rossiter; Elizabeth L. Clare (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Habitat degradation is pervasive across the tropics and is particularly acute in Southeast Asia, with major implications for biodiversity. Much research has addressed the impact of degradation on species diversity; however, little is known about how ecological interactions are altered, including those that constitute important ecosystem functions such as consumption of herbivores. To examine how rainforest degradation alters trophic interaction networks, we applied DNA metabarcoding to construct interaction networks linking forest‐dwelling insectivorous bat species and their prey, comparing old‐growth forest and forest degraded by logging in Sabah, Borneo. Individual bats in logged rainforest consumed a lower richness of prey than those in old‐growth forest. As a result, interaction networks in logged forests had a less nested structure. These network structures were associated with reduced network redundancy and thus increased vulnerability to perturbations in logged forests. Our results show how ecological interactions change between old‐growth and logged forests, with potentially negative implications for ecosystem function and network stability.

Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Safety: Hazard Control Methods Using the Haddon Matrix - Farzaneh Khorsandi; Paul Ayers; Gerene Denning; Charles Jennissen; Dee Jepsen; Melvin Myers; Stephen Oesch; Michael Pate; David J. White (Journal of Agromedicine, 2021)

Cell lines derived from the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, express insecticide targets - Jacob Corcoran; Cynthia L. Goodman; Stephen Saathoff; Joseph A. Ringbauer; Ya Guo; Bryony Bonning; David Stanley (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2021)

Correction to: Temporal emergence of age-associated changes in cognitive and physical function in vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) - Brett M. Frye; Payton M. Valure; Suzanne Craft; Mark G. Baxter; Christie Scott; Shanna Wise-Walden; David W. Bissinger; Hannah M. Register; Carson Copeland; Matthew J. Jorgensen; Jamie N. Justice; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; et al. (GeroScience, 2021)

Predictive Factors of Kinematics in Traumatic Brain Injury from Head Impacts Based on Statistical Interpretation - Xianghao Zhan; Yiheng Li; Yuzhe Liu; August G. Domel; Hossein Vahid Alizadeh; Zhou Zhou; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Samuel J. Raymond; Stephen Tiernan; Jesse Ruan; Saeed Barbat; Olivier Gevaert; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in an ombrotrophic peatland: a benchmark for assessing change - Verity G. Salmon; Deanne J. Brice; Scott Bridgham; Joanne Childs; Jake Graham; Natalie A. Griffiths; Kirsten Hofmockel; Colleen M. Iversen; Terri M. Jicha; Randy K. Kolka; Joel E. Kostka; Avni Malhotra; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2021)

When hazard avoidance is not an option: lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA - Mark E. Reid; Jonathan W. Godt; Richard G. LaHusen; Stephen L. Slaughter; Thomas C. Badger; Brian D. Collins; William H. Schulz; Rex L. Baum; Jeffrey A. Coe; Edwin L. Harp; Kevin M. Schmidt; Richard M. Iverson; et al. (Landslides, 2021)
On 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale slope collapses. In an effort to ensure worker safety, multiple agencies cooperated to swiftly deploy a monitoring and alerting system consisting of sensors, automated data processing and web-based display, along with defined communication protocols and clear calls to action for emergency management and search personnel. Guided by the principle that an accelerating landslide poses a greater threat than a steadily moving or stationary mass, the system was designed to detect ground motion and vibration using complementary monitoring techniques. Near real-time information was provided by continuous GPS, seismometers/geophones, and extensometers. This information was augmented by repeat-assessment techniques such as terrestrial and aerial laser scanning and time-lapse photography. Fortunately, no major additional landsliding occurred. However, we did detect small headscarp failures as well as slow movement of the remaining landslide mass with the monitoring system. This was an exceptional response situation and the lessons learned are applicable to other landslide disaster crises. They underscore the need for cogent landslide expertise and ready-to-deploy monitoring equipment, the value of using redundant monitoring techniques with distinct goals, the benefit of clearly defined communication protocols, and the importance of continued research into forecasting landslide behavior to allow timely warning.