Geoarchaeological evidence of an ancient landslide dam (13–4.7 ka) and consequent outburst flood on the Minjiang River near Wenchuan, China - Niannian Fan; Xingguo Yang; Michael J. Storozum; Xuefeng Cheng; Lan Li; Weiming Liu; Zhipeng Lin; Xingnian Liu (CATENA, 2024)

Assessing the suitability of leachability-based screening levels for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) risk assessment - Jake T. Thompson; Dreyton J. Lott; Ashley M. Lin; John A. Bowden; Leah Stuchal; Timothy G. Townsend (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails - Paul M. Mayer; Kelly D. Moran; Ezra L. Miller; Susanne M. Brander; Stacey Harper; Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo; Victor Carrasco-Navarro; Kay T. Ho; Robert M. Burgess; Leah M. Thornton Hampton; Elise F. Granek; Margaret McCauley; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Climate-regulation of organic carbon export in erosive mountain settings: A case study from Taiwan since the last glacial maximum - Li-Wei Zheng; Robert G. Hilton; Yuan-Pin Chang; Rick J. Yang; Xiaodong Ding; Xufeng Zheng; Tsung-Yu Lee; Hsi-Jih Lu; Jung-Tai Lu; Yu-Shih Lin; James T. Liu; Shuh-Ji Kao (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Non-targeted analysis and toxicity prediction for evaluation of photocatalytic membrane distillation removing organic contaminants from hypersaline oil and gas field-produced water - Himali M.K. Delanka-Pedige; Robert B. Young; Maha T. Abutokaikah; Lin Chen; Huiyao Wang; Kanchana A.B.I. Imihamillage; Sean Thimons; Michael A. Jahne; Antony J. Williams; Yanyan Zhang; Pei Xu (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Experimental and theoretical constraints on lithium isotope fractionation during brine evaporation and halite precipitation - Yongjie Lin; Marcello Merli; Paolo Censi; Simon A.T. Redfern; Yue Zhao; Qing-Zhu Yin; Mianping Zheng; Xudong Yu; Yongsheng Zhang; William J. Knapp; Edward T. Tipper (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Unleashing the potential of waste: A supercharged high-performance 3D printing resin from discarded polylactic acid - Yu-Chung Chang; Lin Shao; Wangcheng Liu; Brian J. Bliss; Baoming Zhao; Zihui Zhao; Jinwen Zhang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Concurrent Assessment on Blood Lead in Young Children and Toy Lead in Shanghai - Jiayu Peng; Zhenyan Gao; Jian Xu; Yanfen Lin; Aaron J. Specht; Shuwen Chen; Linda H. Nie; Linhua Huang; Chonghuai Yan (Exposure and Health, 2024)

Correction to: Near‑global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment - Yang Zhang; Yan Pan; Yongkang Xue; Ismaila Diallo; Xubin Zeng; Shuting Li; J. David Neelin; William K. M. Lau; Aaron A. Boone; Frederic Vitart; Tandong Yao; Qi Tang; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2024)

Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting: Progress and Challenges - Jun Li; Jing Zheng; Bo Li; Min Min; Yanan Liu; Chian-Yi Liu; Zhenglong Li; W. Paul Menzel; Timothy J. Schmit; John L. Cintineo; Scott Lindstrom; Scott Bachmeier; et al. (Journal of Meteorological Research, 2024)

Hysteresis area at the canopy level during and after a drought event in the Central Amazon - Bruno O. Gimenez; Daisy C. Souza; Niro Higuchi; Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez; Israel de Jesus Sampaio-Filho; Alessandro C. Araújo; Adriano J.N. Lima; Clarissa G. Fontes; Kolby J. Jardine; Charles D. Koven; Lin Meng; Gilberto Pastorello; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Change in rate of healthcare encounters for respiratory infection from air pollution exposure after improved vehicle emissions standards in New York State - Daniel P. Croft; Mark J. Utell; Han Liu; Shao Lin; Philip K. Hopke; Sally W. Thurston; Yunle Chen; David Q. Rich (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2024)
The introduction of Tier 3 light-duty vehicles with reduced emissions began in New York State (NYS) in 2017, with required compliance by 2025. We hypothesized that improved air quality during the early implementation of Tier 3 (2017–2019) would result in reduced rates of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory infection associated with increased PM 2.5 compared to 2014–2016 (pre-Tier 3). Using data on adult patients hospitalized or having an ED visit for influenza, upper respiratory infection, culture-negative pneumonia, or respiratory bacterial infection, living within 15 miles of six air quality monitoring sites in NY, and a case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression, we estimated the rates of respiratory infection hospitalizations and ED visits associated with increased ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in the previous 0–6 days and each week thereafter up to 1 month. Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM 2.5 in the previous 6 days were associated with 4.6% (95% CI: − 0.5, 10.1) and 11.9% (95% CI = 6.1, 18.0) increased rates of influenza hospitalizations in 2014–2016 and 2017–2019, respectively. This pattern of larger relative rates in 2017–2019 observed at all lag times was only present in males hospitalized for influenza but not other infections or in females. The rates of respiratory infection visits associated with increased PM 2.5 were generally not reduced in this early Tier 3 implementation period compared to 2014–2016. Limited fleet penetration of Tier 3 vehicles and differences in particle deposition, infection type, and sex by period may all have contributed to this lack of improvement.

Sight and blindness: The relationship between ostracod eyes, water depth, and light availability in the Arctic Ocean - Jingwen Zhang; Moriaki Yasuhara; Chih‐Lin Wei; Skye Yunshu Tian; Kyawt K. T. Aye; Laura Gemery; Thomas M. Cronin; Peter Frenzel; David J. Horne (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Eye loss has been a long‐standing interest in evolutionary biology. Many organisms that inhabit environments without light penetration, for example the deep sea, exhibit eye loss and thus become blind. However, water‐depth distribution of eyes in marine organisms is poorly understood. Ostracods are widely distributed crustaceans, and many sighted marine ostracods have eye tubercles (lenses) on their shells. Since eye tubercles are visible on the shells illustrated in much literature, it is easy to determine their presence or absence via a literature survey. Here, we used a large Arctic‐wide ostracod census dataset (Arctic Ostracode Database) to calculate the eye index (the percentage of species with eyes), and compare them with water depth and light availability. As water depth increases, eye index values decrease and become constantly zero in water deeper than 1000 m. Similar decline of sighted species with increasing depth is also known in isopods and amphipods, suggesting that it may be common in other crustaceans and perhaps in deep‐sea organisms in general. We also show that eye index values increase as light availability increases. This study is the first to quantify how distributions of sighted and blind species change with light availability, giving baseline information on vision in the deep sea.

Biocontrol of strawberry Botrytis gray mold and prolong the fruit shelf-life by fumigant Trichoderma spp. - Q. S. Fan; H. J. Lin; Y. J. Hu; J. Jin; H. H. Yan; R. Q. Zhang (Biotechnology Letters, 2024)

Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward - Mario Manto; Michael Adamaszek; Richard Apps; Erik Carlson; Julian Guarque-Chabrera; Elien Heleven; Shinji Kakei; Kamran Khodakhah; Sheng-Han Kuo; Chi-Ying R. Lin; Mati Joshua; Marta Miquel; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2024)

Effects of AI-2 quorum sensing inhibitors on mitigating bacterial contamination in bioethanol production - Jun Tian; Yuhai Liang; Arthur J. Ragauskas; Yanming Zhong; Yunqin Lin (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2024)

Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas - Nita Dyola; Eryuan Liang; Josep Peñuelas; J. Julio Camarero; Shalik Ram Sigdel; Sugam Aryal; Wentao Lin; Xiang Liu; Yongwen Liu; Xingliang Xu; Sergio Rossi (Science China Earth Sciences, 2024)

Intraspecific alternative phenotypes contribute to variation in species’ strategies for growth - Samantha J. Worthy; María N. Umaña; Caicai Zhang; Luxiang Lin; Min Cao; Nathan G. Swenson (Oecologia, 2024)

On the brink of explosion? Identifying the source and potential spread of introduced Zosterops white-eyes in North America - Devon A. DeRaad; Marlon E. Cobos; Natalie R. Hofmeister; Lucas H. DeCicco; Madhvi X. Venkatraman; Isao Nishiumi; Bailey McKay; Fa-Sheng Zou; Kazuto Kawakami; Chang-Hoe Kim; Ruey-Shing Lin; Cheng-Te Yao; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2024)

Biofiltration matrix optimization for efficient nitrogen removal from domestic onsite wastewater - Siwei Chen; Mian Wang; Danny Lin; Frank M. Russo; Christopher J. Gobler; Xinwei Mao (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2024)

How turtles keep their cool: Seasonal and diel basking patterns in a tropical turtle - Rosie Kidman; Donald T. McKnight; Lin Schwarzkopf; Eric J. Nordberg (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2024)

Life cycle assessment of baby leaf spinach: Reduction of waste through interventions in growing treatments and packaging - Haodong Lin; Mairi J. Black; Lael Walsh; Francesco Saverio Giordano; Aiduan Borrion (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024)

FDA-approved disulfiram as a novel treatment for aggressive leukemia - Mawar Karsa; Lin Xiao; Emma Ronca; Angelika Bongers; Dayna Spurling; Ayu Karsa; Sandra Cantilena; Anna Mariana; Tim W. Failes; Greg M. Arndt; Laurence C. Cheung; Rishi S. Kotecha; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2024)
Acute leukemia continues to be a major cause of death from disease worldwide and current chemotherapeutic agents are associated with significant morbidity in survivors. While better and safer treatments for acute leukemia are urgently needed, standard drug development pipelines are lengthy and drug repurposing therefore provides a promising approach. Our previous evaluation of FDA-approved drugs for their antileukemic activity identified disulfiram, used for the treatment of alcoholism, as a candidate hit compound. This study assessed the biological effects of disulfiram on leukemia cells and evaluated its potential as a treatment strategy. We found that disulfiram inhibits the viability of a diverse panel of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia cell lines ( n = 16) and patient-derived xenograft cells from patients with poor outcome and treatment-resistant disease ( n = 15). The drug induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in leukemia cells within hours of treatment and was able to potentiate the effects of daunorubicin, etoposide, topotecan, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone chemotherapy. Upon combining disulfiram with auranofin, a drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that was previously shown to exert antileukemic effects, strong and consistent synergy was observed across a diverse panel of acute leukemia cell lines, the mechanism of which was based on enhanced ROS induction. Acute leukemia cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of disulfiram than solid cancer cell lines and non-malignant cells. While disulfiram is currently under investigation in clinical trials for solid cancers, this study provides evidence for the potential of disulfiram for acute leukemia treatment. Key messages Disulfiram induces rapid apoptosis in leukemia cells by boosting oxidative stress. Disulfiram inhibits leukemia cell growth more potently than solid cancer cell growth. Disulfiram can enhance the antileukemic efficacy of chemotherapies. Disulfiram strongly synergises with auranofin in killing acute leukemia cells by ROS induction. We propose testing of disulfiram in clinical trial for patients with acute leukemia.

Near-global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment - Yang Zhang; Yan Pan; Yongkang Xue; Ismaila Diallo; Xubin Zeng; Shuting Li; J. David Neelin; William K. M. Lau; Aaron A. Boone; Frederic Vitart; Tandong Yao; Qi Tang; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2024)
Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction of droughts and floods is one of the major challenges of weather and climate prediction. Recent studies suggest that the springtime land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a new source of S2S predictability. The project “Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P)” was initiated to study the impact of springtime LST/SUBT anomalies over high mountain areas on summertime precipitation predictions. The present work explores the simulated global scale response of the atmospheric circulation to the springtime TP land surface cooling by 16 current state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment. The LS4P-I results show, for the first time, that springtime TP surface anomalies can modulate a persistent quasi-barotropic Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train from the TP via the northeast Asia and Bering Strait to the western part of the North America, along with the springtime westerly jet from TP across the whole North Pacific basin. The TRC wave train modulated by the TP thermal anomaly play a critical role on the early summer surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in the regions along the wave train, especially over the northwest North America and the southern Great Plains. The participant models that fail in capturing the TRC wave train greatly under-predict climate anomalies in reference to observations and the successful models. These results suggest that the TP LST/SUBT anomaly via the TRC wave train is the first order source of the S2S variability in the regions mentioned. Furthermore, the TP surface temperature anomaly can influence the Southern Hemispheric circulation by generating cross-equator wave trains. However, the simulated propagation pathways from the TP into the Southern Hemisphere show large inter-model differences. More dynamical understanding of the TRC wave train as well as its cross-equator propagation into the Southern Hemisphere will be explored in the newly launched LS4P phase II experiment.

Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I experiment - Yongkang Xue; Ismaila Diallo; Aaron A. Boone; Yang Zhang; Xubin Zeng; William K. M. Lau; J. David Neelin; Tandong Yao; Qi Tang; Tomonori Sato; Myung-Seo Koo; Frederic Vitart; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2024)
The prediction skill for precipitation anomalies in late spring and summer months—a significant component of extreme climate events—has remained stubbornly low for years. This paper presents a new idea that utilizes information on boreal spring land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to improve prediction of subsequent summer droughts/floods over several regions over the world, East Asia and North America in particular. The work was performed in the framework of the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment, which focused on whether the TP LST/SUBT provides an additional source for subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability. The summer 2003, when there were severe drought/flood over the southern/northern part of the Yangtze River basin, respectively, has been selected as the focus case. With the newly developed LST/SUBT initialization method, the observed surface temperature anomaly over the TP has been partially produced by the LS4P-I model ensemble mean, and 8 hotspot regions in the world were identified where June precipitation is significantly associated with anomalies of May TP land temperature. Consideration of the TP LST/SUBT effect has produced about 25–50% of observed precipitation anomalies in most hotspot regions. The multiple models have shown more consistency in the hotspot regions along the Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train. The mechanisms for the LST/SUBT effect on the 2003 drought over the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin are discussed. For comparison, the global SST effect has also been tested and 6 regions with significant SST effects were identified in the 2003 case, explaining about 25–50% of precipitation anomalies over most of these regions. This study suggests that the TP LST/SUBT effect is a first-order source of S2S precipitation predictability, and hence it is comparable to that of the SST effect. With the completion of the LS4P-I, the LS4P-II has been launched and the LS4P-II protocol is briefly presented.

Telomere dynamics during hibernation in a tropical primate - M. B. Blanco; D. L. Smith; L. K. Greene; A. D. Yoder; E. E. Ehmke; J. Lin; P. H. Klopfer (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2024)

Iron nanoparticle coating and plasma-activated water cleaning as a biofouling removal method for reverse osmosis membranes suitable for desalination - Angelina Egorova; Binbin Xia; Heema Kumari Nilesh Vyas; Maria Magdalena Armendáriz-Ontiveros; Yi-Chen Lin; Alejandra Garcia-Garcia; David K. Wang; Patrick J. Cullen; Gustavo Fimbres Weihs; Anne Mai-Prochnow (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2024)

Applying network analysis to measure functional diversity in food webs - Wen-hsien Lin; Andrew J. Davis; Ferenc Jordán; Wei-chung Liu (Food Webs, 2024)

A novel packing-coupled stress-strain model for confined concrete - M.H. Lai; J.L. Lin; J. Cui; F.M. Ren; S. Kitipornchai; J.C.M. Ho (Engineering Structures, 2024)

Inherited BRCA1 and RNF43 pathogenic variants in a familial colorectal cancer type X family - James M. Chan; Mark Clendenning; Sharelle Joseland; Peter Georgeson; Khalid Mahmood; Jihoon E. Joo; Romy Walker; Julia Como; Susan Preston; Shuyi Marci Chai; Yen Lin Chu; Aaron L. Meyers; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2024)
Genetic susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC), including for individuals classified as Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX), remains poorly understood. We describe a multi-generation CRC-affected family segregating pathogenic variants in both BRCA1 , a gene associated with breast and ovarian cancer and RNF43 , a gene associated with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS). A single family out of 105 families meeting the criteria for FCCTX (Amsterdam I family history criteria with mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient CRCs) recruited to the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR; 1998–2008) that underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), was selected for further testing. CRC and polyp tissue from four carriers were molecularly characterized including a single CRC that underwent WES to determine tumor mutational signatures and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. Ten carriers of a germline pathogenic variant BRCA1 :c.2681_2682delAA p.Lys894ThrfsTer8 and eight carriers of a germline pathogenic variant RNF43 :c.988 C > T p.Arg330Ter were identified in this family. Seven members carried both variants, four of which developed CRC. A single carrier of the RNF43 variant met the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO 2019 ) criteria for SPS, developing a BRAF p.V600 wildtype CRC. Loss of the wildtype allele for both BRCA1 and RNF43 variants was observed in three CRC tumors while a LOH event across chromosome 17q encompassing both genes was observed in a CRC. Tumor mutational signature analysis identified the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-associated COSMIC signatures SBS3 and ID6 in a CRC for a carrier of both variants. Our findings show digenic inheritance of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and RNF43 segregating with CRC in a FCCTX family. LOH and evidence of BRCA1-associated HRD supports the importance of both these tumor suppressor genes in CRC tumorigenesis.

Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields - Mingcheng HU; Andrew J WADE; Weishou SHEN; Zhenfang ZHONG; Chongwen QIU; Xiangui LIN (Pedosphere, 2024)

Effects of organic fertilizers produced using different techniques on rice grain yield and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice fields - Mingcheng HU; Andrew J WADE; Weishou SHEN; Zhenfang ZHONG; Chongwen QIU; Xiangui LIN (Pedosphere, 2024)

Vegetation−fire feedbacks increase subtropical wildfire risk in scrubland and reduce it in forests - P. Wei; B. Lamont; T. He; W. Xue; P.C. Wang; W. Song; R. Zhang; A.B. Keyhani; S. Zhao; W. Lu; F. Dong; R. Gao; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Diagenetic effects on strontium isotopes in shallow-water carbonate sediments from Middle Miocene to Recent - Xinran Chen; Mengchun Cao; Thomas J. Algeo; Na Li; Guang-yi Wei; Yi-bo Lin; Hua Zhang; Lei Xiang; Youhua Zhu; Changgui Xu; Caiwei Fan; Shuzhong Shen; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2024)

The scaling relationship between perianth fresh mass and area: proof of concept using Magnolia × soulangeana Soul.-Bod - Jinfeng Wang; Peijian Shi; Weihao Yao; Lin Wang; Qiying Li; Rui Tan; Karl J. Niklas (Trees, 2024)

The Influence of Surface Modification on the Shortwave Infrared Emission of Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles - Mohd Yaqub Khan; Jen-Kun Chen; Vivek Jain; Lokesh Agrawal; Cheng-An J. Lin; Min-Hua Chen (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2024)

Synthesis of nano-MgO hybrid SDB hydrophobic catalyst carriers and its adsorption behavior of Fe3+ - Y. Fan; H. R. Peng; C. Li; K. Fu; X. Y. Ren; H. J. Yang; S. D. Lin; C. L. Liu (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2024)

Grassland sensitivity to drought is related to functional composition across E ast A sia and N orth A merica - Lin Song; Robert J. Griffin‐Nolan; Taofeek O. Muraina; Jiaqi Chen; Niwu Te; Yuan Shi; Kenneth D. Whitney; Bingchuan Zhang; Qiang Yu; Melinda D. Smith; Xiaoan Zuo; Zhengwen Wang; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Plant traits can be helpful for understanding grassland ecosystem responses to climate extremes, such as severe drought. However, intercontinental comparisons of how drought affects plant functional traits and ecosystem functioning are rare. The Extreme Drought in Grasslands experiment (EDGE) was established across the major grassland types in East Asia and North America (six sites on each continent) to measure variability in grassland ecosystem sensitivity to extreme, prolonged drought. At all sites, we quantified community‐weighted mean functional composition and functional diversity of two leaf economic traits, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, in response to drought. We found that experimental drought significantly increased community‐weighted means of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content at all North American sites and at the wetter East Asian sites, but drought decreased community‐weighted means of these traits at moderate to dry East Asian sites. Drought significantly decreased functional richness but increased functional evenness and dispersion at most East Asian and North American sites. Ecosystem drought sensitivity (percentage reduction in aboveground net primary productivity) positively correlated with community‐weighted means of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content and negatively correlated with functional diversity (i.e., richness) on an intercontinental scale, but results differed within regions. These findings highlight both broad generalities but also unique responses to drought of community‐weighted trait means as well as their functional diversity across grassland ecosystems.

Editorial: The discovery, identification and application of marine microorganisms derived natural products - Ting Shi; Bo Wang; Dong-Lin Zhao; David J. Newman (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)

Early-Life Social Determinants of SCA6 Age at Onset, Severity, and Progression - Tiffany X. Chen; Hannah L. Casey; Chi-Ying R. Lin; Theresa A. Boyle; Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Gilbert J. L’Italien; Sheng-Han Kuo; Christopher M. Gomez (The Cerebellum, 2024)
SCA6 patients with the same size CAG repeat allele can vary significantly in age at onset (AAO) and clinical progression. The specific external factors affecting SCA6 have yet to be investigated. We assessed the effect of early life events on AAO, severity, and progression in SCA6 patients using a social determinant of health approach. We performed a survey of biological and social factors in SCA6 patients enrolled in the SCA6 Network at the University of Chicago. AAO of ataxia symptoms and patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of ataxia were used as primary outcome measures. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) regressions were used to identify which early life factors are predictive of SCA6 AAO, severity, and progression. Multiple linear regression models were then used to assess the degree to which these determinants influence SCA6 health outcomes. A total of 105 participants with genetically confirmed SCA6 completed the assessments. SCA6 participants with maternal difficulty during pregnancy, active participation in school sports, and/or longer CAG repeats were determined to have earlier AAO. We found a 13.44-year earlier AAO for those with maternal difficulty in pregnancy than those without ( p = 0.008) and a 12.31-year earlier AAO for those active in school sports than those who were not ( p < 0.001). Higher education attainment was associated with decreased SCA6 severity and slower progression. Early life biological and social factors can have a strong influence on the SCA6 disease course, indicating that non-genetic factors can contribute significantly to SCA6 health outcomes.

Functional biochar in enhanced anaerobic digestion: Synthesis, performances, and mechanisms - Wenkai Nie; Shanying He; Yan Lin; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Unraveling the persistence of deep podzolized carbon: Insights from organic matter characterization - Ryan E. Champiny; Allan R. Bacon; Isabella D. Brush; Amy M. McKenna; Daniel J. Colopietro; Yang Lin (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Garnet geochemistry reveals late-stage oxidation of tin-bearing fractionated granite - Jin-Xiang Li; Lin Ding; Noreen J. Evans; Fang Xu; Wei-Ming Fan; Li-Yun Zhang; Fu-Long Cai; Qiu-Yun Guan; Ya-Hui Yue; Jing Xie (Lithos, 2024)

Insights on volatile metals in landfill gas as determined from advanced treatment media - Thomas J. Smallwood; Jordan K. Magnuson; Jake T. Thompson; Ashley M. Lin; Timothy G. Townsend (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

The complexity of heatwaves impact on terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes: Factors, mechanisms and a multi-stage analytical approach - Lu-Ping Qu; Jiquan Chen; Jingfeng Xiao; Hans J. De Boeck; Gang Dong; Shi-Cheng Jiang; Ya-Lin Hu; Yi-Xuan Wang; Chang-Liang Shao (Environmental Research, 2024)

Hemp fiber reinforced dual dynamic network vitrimer biocomposites with direct incorporation of amino silane - Mingen Fei; Wangcheng Liu; Lin Shao; Yiding Cao; Brian J. Bliss; Baoming Zhao; Jinwen Zhang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Aging studies of Dual functional materials for CO2 direct air capture with in situ methanation under simulated ambient conditions: Ru thrifting for cost reduction - Yuanchunyu (Iris) Lin; Monica J. Abdallah; Jonathan E. Peters; Tianyi Luo; Huan Sheng; Yee Lee Chen; Robert J. Farrauto (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

A novel bimetallic Fe-Cu-CNT catalyst for effective catalytic wet peroxide oxidation: reaction optimization and mechanism investigation - Yi Yang; Minyi Liu; Xintong You; Ying Li; Haowen Lin; J. Paul Chen (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in cervical cancer screening by race and ethnicity - Emmeline Lin; Patrycja Sleboda; Bobbie J. Rimel; Jarvis T. Chen; Diana V. Hernandez; Geetanjali D. Datta (Cancer Causes & Control, 2024)
Background In the United States, inequities in preventive health behaviors such as cervical cancer screening have been documented. Sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity all individually contribute to such disparities. However, little work has investigated their joint impact on screening behavior. Methods Using sampling weighted data from the 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed differences in two metrics via chi-square statistics: 1) lifetime uptake, and 2) up-to-date cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and gender identity, within and across racial/ethnic classifications. Results Within all races, individuals who identify as members of sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities reported higher rates of never being screened (except for Black transgender men) than straight or cisgender individuals ( p < 0.0001). [ *START* Across all races, the Asian/Pacific Islander transgender population (32.4%; weighted n ( w.n. ) = 1,313) had the lowest proportion of lifetime screening, followed by the Asian/Pacific Islander gay/lesbian (53.0%, w.n. = 21,771), Hispanic transgender (58.7%; w.n. = 24,780), Asian/Pacific Islander bisexual (61.8%, w.n. = 54,524), and Hispanic gay/lesbian (69.6%, w.n. = 125,781) populations. *END* ] Straight or cisgender Non-Hispanic White ( w.n. = 40,664,476) individuals had the highest proportion of lifetime screening (97.7% and 97.5%, respectively). However, among individuals who had been screened at least once in their lifetime, identifying as SGM was not associated with a decreased proportion of up-to-date screening within or between races. Conclusions Due to small sample sizes, especially among Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic populations, confidence intervals were wide. Heterogeneity in screening participation by SGM status within and across racial/ethnic groups were observed. Impact These screening disparities reveal the need to disaggregate data to account for intersecting identities and for studies with larger sample sizes to increase estimate reliability.

Population genomics of the muskox' resilience in the near absence of genetic variation - Patrícia Pečnerová; Edana Lord; Genís Garcia‐Erill; Kristian Hanghøj; Malthe Sebro Rasmussen; Jonas Meisner; Xiaodong Liu; Tom van der Valk; Cindy G. Santander; Liam Quinn; Long Lin; Shanlin Liu; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Genomic studies of species threatened by extinction are providing crucial information about evolutionary mechanisms and genetic consequences of population declines and bottlenecks. However, to understand how species avoid the extinction vortex, insights can be drawn by studying species that thrive despite past declines. Here, we studied the population genomics of the muskox ( Ovibos moschatus ), an Ice Age relict that was at the brink of extinction for thousands of years at the end of the Pleistocene yet appears to be thriving today. We analysed 108 whole genomes, including present‐day individuals representing the current native range of both muskox subspecies, the white‐faced and the barren‐ground muskox ( O. moschatus wardi and O. moschatus moschatus ) and a ~21,000‐year‐old ancient individual from Siberia. We found that the muskox' demographic history was profoundly shaped by past climate changes and post‐glacial re‐colonizations. In particular, the white‐faced muskox has the lowest genome‐wide heterozygosity recorded in an ungulate. Yet, there is no evidence of inbreeding depression in native muskox populations. We hypothesize that this can be explained by the effect of long‐term gradual population declines that allowed for purging of strongly deleterious mutations. This study provides insights into how species with a history of population bottlenecks, small population sizes and low genetic diversity survive against all odds.

Coral reefs in the northeastern Saudi Arabian Red Sea are resilient to mass coral mortality events - Yu-Jia Lin; Moritz J. Heinle; Ali Al-Musabeh; Jinoy Gopalan; Thiyagarajan D. Vasanthi; Premlal Panickan; Tarek Hamade; Bruno Pulido; Thadickal V. Joydas; Barry Shepherd (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Contractional deformation between extensional dome exhumation in Central Pamir at 17–15 Ma constrained by metamorphic and paleomagnetic data from the Bartang volcanic rocks, Tajikistan - Jovid Aminov; Pierrick Roperch; Guillaume Dupont-Nivet; Carole Cordier; Stéphane Guillot; Johannes Glodny; Martin J. Timmerman; Masafumi Sudo; Gilles Ruffet; Max Wilke; France Lagroix; Ding Lin; et al. (Tectonophysics, 2023)

The relationship between greenspace exposure and telomere length in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey - S. Scott Ogletree; Jing-Huei Huang; David Reif; Lin Yang; Christopher Dunstan; Nnamdi Osakwe; Jae In Oh; J. Aaron Hipp (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Radiometric assessment of OLCI, VIIRS, and MODIS using fiducial reference measurements along the Atlantic Meridional Transect - Silvia Pardo; Gavin H. Tilstone; Robert J.W. Brewin; Giorgio Dall'Olmo; Junfang Lin; Francesco Nencioli; Hayley Evers-King; Tânia G.D. Casal; Craig J. Donlon (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The Pacific water flow branches in the eastern Chukchi Sea - Robert S. Pickart; Peigen Lin; Frank Bahr; Leah T. McRaven; Jie Huang; Astrid Pacini; Kevin R. Arrigo; Carin J. Ashjian; Catherine Berchok; Mark F. Baumgartner; Kyoung-Ho Cho; Lee W. Cooper; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Temporal Patterns of Diet and Physical Activity and of Diet Alone Have More Numerous Relationships With Health and Disease Status Indicators Compared to Temporal Patterns of Physical Activity Alone - Luotao Lin; Jiaqi Guo; Anindya Bhadra; Saul B. Gelfand; Edward J. Delp; Elizabeth A. Richards; Erin Hennessy; Heather A. Eicher-Miller (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023)

Comparative techno-economic assessment and minimization of the levelized cost of electricity for increasing capacity wind power plants by row and angle layout optimization - Ali J. Sultan; Derek B. Ingham; Lin Ma; Kevin J. Hughes; Mohamed Pourkashanian (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Seed settling and trapping during submerged secondary dispersal: Implications for saltmarsh recruitment and restoration - Zhiyuan Zhao; Liquan Zhang; Lin Yuan; Tjeerd J. Bouma (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

pH-Responsive graphene oxide/poly (methacrylic acid) hybrid nanofiltration membrane performance for water treatment - Li-yue Sun; De-hao Yu; Zhao-ge Juan; Yao Wang; Yan-xin Wang; Matt J. Kipper; Lin-jun Huang; Jian-guo Tang (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023)

The late Eocene rise of SE Tibet formed an Asian ‘Mediterranean’ climate - Chenyuan Zhao; Zhongyu Xiong; Alex Farnsworth; Robert A. Spicer; Songlin He; Chao Wang; Deng Zeng; Fulong Cai; Houqi Wang; Xiaolong Tian; Paul J. Valdes; Ciren Lamu; et al. (Global and Planetary Change, 2023)

A decrease in the Fe3+/∑Fe ratio of bridgmanite with temperature at the top of the lower mantle - Fei Wang; Hongzhan Fei; Lin Wang; Catherine McCammon; Daniel J. Frost; Tomoo Katsura (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Identification of a fundamental cryoinjury mechanism in MSCs and its mitigation through cell-cycle synchronization prior to freezing - Brian H. Johnstone; Dongsheng Gu; Chieh-Han Lin; Jianguang Du; Erik J. Woods (Cryobiology, 2023)

ChlOR , a GMC family oxidoreductase that evolved independently from the actinomycete, confers resistance to amphenicol antibiotics - Yingying Qian; Minggen Cheng; Lin Lai; Jing Zhou; Gerben J. Zylstra; Xing Huang (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Overuse of the amphenicol antibiotics chloramphenicol (CHL) and thiamphenicol (TAP) poses a great threat to ecosystem safety and human health. The strain, Nocardioides sp. LMS‐CY, Nocardioides sp. QY071 and Nocardioides sp. L‐11A, classified as a gram‐positive actinomycete, harbours a complete CHL metabolic pathway. However, the metabolic genes (clusters) involved in the entire pathway in gram‐positive actinomycetes are still limited. Here, chlOR LMS , chlOR QY071 and chlOR L‐11A completely from the actinomycete Nocardioides spp. were found to act on the C 1 ‐OH of the CHL/TAP side chain, directly converting CHL/TAP to 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde (PNBD)/4‐methylsulfonyl benzaldehyde (PMBD) and transforming PNBD/PMBD into 4‐nitrobenzyl alcohol (PNBM)/4‐methylsulfonyl phenyl methanol (PMBM). Furthermore, oxidoreductases can transform PNBM into 4‐nitrobenzoate (PNBA). The oxidoreductases ChlOR LMS , ChlOR QY071 and ChlOR L‐11A were all classified as cellobiose dehydrogenases from the glucose methanol choline (GMC) family. Based on the Swiss‐Prot database, ChlOR QY071 exhibited a lower identity (27.12%–35.10% similarity) with the reported oxidoreductases. Enzymatic and molecular docking analyses showed that ChlOR QY071 and ChlOR L‐11A from the two similar genomes were remarkably more effective in metabolizing CHL than ChlOR LMS . Overall, the detailed resistance mechanism of CHL/TAP by actinomycete strains isolated from soil and livestock manure will provide insights into the occurrence of CHL/TAP resistance genes in the environment, resistance risk and bioremediation of CHL/TAP‐contaminated environments.

Electrification of steam cracking as a pathway to reduce the impact of the petrochemical industry on climate change - Oleksii Mynko; Mike Bonheure; Ismaël Amghizar; David J. Brown; Lin Chen; Guy B. Marin; Rodrigo Freitas de Alvarenga; Didem Civancik Uslu; Jo Dewulf; Kevin M. Van Geem (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Use of reconstituted kefir consortia to determine the impact of microbial composition on kefir metabolite profiles - Benjamin C.T. Bourrie; Natalie Diether; Ryan P. Dias; Seo Lin Nam; A. Paulina de la Mata; Andrew J. Forgie; Gautam Gaur; James J. Harynuk; Michael Gänzle; Paul D. Cotter; Benjamin P. Willing (Food Research International, 2023)

Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation - Poojitha Rajasekar; Robert J. Hall; K.C. Binaya; Parth S. Mahapatra; Siva P. Puppala; Dhruma Thakker; Julia L. MacIsaac; David Lin; Michael Kobor; Charlotte E. Bolton; Ian Sayers; Ian P. Hall; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Advancing co-production for transformative change by synthesizing guidance from case studies on the sustainable management and governance of natural resources - Fernanda A. van Maurik Matuk; Bas Verschuuren; Piero Morseletto; Torsten Krause; David Ludwig; Steven J. Cooke; Moacir Haverroth; Marieke Meesters; Thomas J.M. Mattijssen; Sabine Keßler; Tomaz R. Lanza; Esther Milberg; et al. (Environmental Science & Policy, 2023)

Giant strain performance of lead-free relaxor piezoceramics through synergistic compositional and defect engineering - J. Sheng; W.P. Cao; W.L. Li; Q.R. Lin; M.L. Li; X. Hou; W.D. Fei (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Fluorine grafted gel polymer electrolyte by in situ construction for high-voltage lithium metal batteries - Junqiao Huang; Zhichuan Shen; Stuart J. Robertson; Yuhan Lin; Junli Zhu; Kun Yang; Yating Wang; Minhua Shao; Zhicong Shi (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls extracted from offshore sediments on the intestinal epithelium and microflora of zebrafish - M. Zhang; D-H Zhu; Q-L Song; M-M Chen; Y Hu; D-J Kang; Z-B Chen; H-Y Lin; F-H Nie; J-J Chen (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Are associations between obesity and prostate cancer outcomes following radical prostatectomy the same in smokers and non-smokers? Results from the SEARCH Cohort - Ivy T. Liu; Lin Gu; Amanda M. De Hoedt; Matthew R. Cooperberg; Christopher L. Amling; Christopher J. Kane; Zachary Klaassen; Martha K. Terris; Lourdes Guerrios-Rivera; Adriana C. Vidal; William J. Aronson; Stephen J. Freedland; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

Stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline in Chlorella vulgaris cultured in swine wastewater - Yun Luo; Xiang Li; Yan Lin; Shaohua Wu; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Catalytic activity and reaction mechanisms of single-atom metals anchored on nitrogen-doped carbons for peroxymonosulfate activation - Shaohua Wu; Zhongwen Yang; Ziyang Zhou; Xiang Li; Yan Lin; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Abiotic and biotic drivers of liana community change in an Asian tropical rainforest - Qi Liu; Frank J. Sterck; Jiao–Lin Zhang; Lourens Poorter (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Effect of composition of volatile fatty acids on yield of polyhydroxyalkanoates and mechanisms of bioconversion from activated sludge - Ziying Zhang; Yan Lin; Shaohua Wu; Xiang Li; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Cloud condensation nuclei activation properties of Mediterranean pollen types considering organic chemical composition and surface tension effects - A. Casans; F. Rejano; J. Maldonado-Valderrama; J.A. Casquero-Vera; S. Ruiz-Peñuela; B.L. van Drooge; H. Lyamani; A. Cazorla; E. Andrews; Jack J. Lin; F. Mirza-Montoro; D. Pérez-Ramírez; et al. (Atmospheric Environment, 2023)

Supplement use and gastric cancer risk in the Southern Community Cohort Study - Jessica C. Goodwin; Qichen Wang; Pao-Hwa Lin; Martha J. Shrubsole; Meira Epplein (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

Lessons to inform interventions to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities within hematologic malignancies - Olivia M. Lin; Megan Shen; Christopher I. Li; Stephanie J. Lee (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

BioDeepTime: A database of biodiversity time series for modern and fossil assemblages - Jansen Smith; Marina C. Rillo; Ádám T. Kocsis; Maria Dornelas; David Fastovich; Huai‐Hsuan M. Huang; Lukas Jonkers; Wolfgang Kiessling; Qijian Li; Lee Hsiang Liow; Miranda Margulis‐Ohnuma; Stephen Meyers; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Motivation We have little understanding of how communities respond to varying magnitudes and rates of environmental perturbations across temporal scales. BioDeepTime harmonizes assemblage time series of presence and abundance data to help facilitate investigations of community dynamics across timescales and the response of communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors. BioDeepTime includes time series of terrestrial and aquatic assemblages of varying spatial and temporal grain and extent from the present‐day to millions of years ago. Main Types of Variables Included BioDeepTime currently contains 7,437,847 taxon records from 10,062 assemblage time series, each with a minimum of 10 time steps. Age constraints, sampling method, environment and taxonomic scope are provided for each time series. Spatial Location and Grain The database includes 8752 unique sampling locations from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial grain represented by individual samples varies from quadrats on the order of several cm 2 to grid cells of ~100 km 2 . Time Period and Grain BioDeepTime in aggregate currently spans the last 451 million years, with the 10,062 modern and fossil assemblage time series ranging in extent from years to millions of years. The median extent of modern time series is 18.7 years and for fossil series is 54,872 years. Temporal grain, the time encompassed by individual samples, ranges from days to tens of thousands of years. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database contains information on 28,777 unique taxa with 4,769,789 records at the species level and another 271,218 records known to the genus level, including time series of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophores, diatoms, ostracods, plants (pollen), radiolarians and other invertebrates and vertebrates. There are to date 7012 modern and 3050 fossil time series in BioDeepTime. Software Format SQLite, Comma‐separated values.

Enzymatically hydrolyzed fluorescence-based chemical probe enables in situ mapping of chitinase activity in the rhizosphere - Elias K. Zegeye; Vivian S. Lin; Jamie R. Nuñez; Nick A. Sconzo; Samuel O. Purvine; Aaron T. Wright; James J. Moran (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023)

Clinical Nutrition Dashboard for Effective Tracking of Nutrition Metrics - G. Singer; K. Lin; A. Chawla; A. Khan; J. Monclova (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023)

Emulsions containing composite (clove, oregano, and cinnamon) essential oils: Phase inversion preparation, physicochemical properties and antibacterial mechanism - Jiajie Hu; Hangxin Zhu; Yuwei Feng; Mijia Yu; Yueqiang Xu; Yadong Zhao; Bin Zheng; Jiheng Lin; Wenhua Miao; Rusen Zhou; Patrick J. Cullen (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Formation and circulation of newly ventilated winter water in the western Beaufort Sea - Peigen Lin; Robert S. Pickart; Thomas J. Weingartner; Harper L. Simmons; Motoyo Itoh; Takashi Kikuchi (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Adequacy of stationary measurements as proxies for residential personal exposure to gaseous and particle air pollutants - Viviana González Serrano; Elizabeth Z. Lin; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt; Dusan Licina (Environmental Research, 2023)

Combined effects of oxytetracycline concentration and organic loading rate on semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater - Zhiwei Huang; Qiuya Niu; Wenkai Nie; Yan Lin; Shaohua Wu; Xiang Li; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Migraine, chronic kidney disease and kidney function: observational and genetic analyses - Wenqiang Zhang; Li Zhang; Luo Yang; Chenghan Xiao; Xueyao Wu; Peijing Yan; Huijie Cui; Chao Yang; Jingwei Zhu; Xuan Wu; Mingshuang Tang; Yutong Wang; et al. (Human Genetics, 2023)
Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between migraine and chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the genetic basis underlying the phenotypic association has not been investigated. We aimed to help avoid unnecessary interventions in individuals with migraine through the investigation of phenotypic and genetic relationships underlying migraine, CKD, and kidney function. We first evaluated phenotypic associations using observational data from UK Biobank ( N = 255,896). We then investigated genetic relationships leveraging genomic data in European ancestry for migraine ( N case / N control = 48,975/540,381), CKD ( N case / N control = 41,395/439,303), and two traits of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR, N = 567,460] and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR, N = 547,361]). Observational analyses suggested no significant association of migraine with the risk of CKD (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.85–1.50). While we did not find any global genetic correlation in general, we identified four specific genomic regions showing significant for migraine with eGFR. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified one candidate causal variant (rs1047891) underlying migraine, CKD, and kidney function. Transcriptome-wide association study detected 28 shared expression–trait associations between migraine and kidney function. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested no causal effect of migraine on CKD (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98–1.09; P = 0.28). Despite a putative causal effect of migraine on an increased level of UACR (log-scale-beta = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01–0.04; P = 1.92 × 10 −3 ), it attenuated to null when accounting for both correlated and uncorrelated pleiotropy. Our work does not find evidence supporting a causal association between migraine and CKD. However, our study highlights significant biological pleiotropy between migraine and kidney function. The value of a migraine prophylactic treatment for reducing future CKD in people with migraine is likely limited.

Plant canopies exhibit stronger thermoregulation capability at the seasonal than diurnal timescales - Zhengfei Guo; Kun Zhang; Hua Lin; Bartosz M. Majcher; Calvin K.F. Lee; Christopher J. Still; Jin Wu (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2023)

Novel perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) discovered in whole blood using automated non-targeted analysis of dried blood spots - Jeremy P. Koelmel; Elizabeth Z. Lin; Emily Parry; Paul Stelben; Emma E. Rennie; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Trace analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in dried blood spots – Demonstration of reproducibility and comparability to venous blood samples - Elizabeth Z. Lin; Sara L. Nason; Alexander Zhong; John Fortner; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Geological controls on the distribution of gas hydrates in the shallow parts of the gas hydrate stability zone – constraints from seafloor drilling off Taiwan - G. Bohrmann; C. Berndt; S. Lin; T.-H. Tu; A.T. Lin; H.-H. Hsu; M.-C. Lai; W.-C. Chi; C. Deusner; J. Elger; K. Wallmann; T. Freudenthal; et al. (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Meteorological data source comparison—a case study in geospatial modeling of potential environmental exposure to abandoned uranium mine sites in the Navajo Nation - Christopher Girlamo; Yan Lin; Joseph Hoover; Daniel Beene; Theodros Woldeyohannes; Zhuoming Liu; Matthew J. Campen; Debra MacKenzie; Johnnye Lewis (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)
Meteorological (MET) data is a crucial input for environmental exposure models. While modeling exposure potential using geospatial technology is a common practice, existing studies infrequently evaluate the impact of input MET data on the level of uncertainty on output results. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of various MET data sources on the potential exposure susceptibility predictions. Three sources of wind data are compared: The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) database, meteorological aerodrome reports (METARs) from regional airports, and data from local MET weather stations. These data sources are used as inputs into a machine learning (ML) driven GIS Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) geospatial model to predict potential exposure to abandoned uranium mine sites in the Navajo Nation. Results indicate significant variations in results derived from different wind data sources. After validating the results from each source using the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) database in a geographically weighted regression (GWR), METARs data combined with the local MET weather station data showed the highest accuracy, with an average R 2 of 0.74. We conclude that local direct measurement-based data (METARs and MET data) produce a more accurate prediction than the other sources evaluated in the study. This study has the potential to inform future data collection methods, leading to more accurate predictions and better-informed policy decisions surrounding environmental exposure susceptibility and risk assessment.

Up in the air: Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) in airborne dust captured by air conditioning (AC) filters - Alina S. Timshina; William J. Sobczak; Emily K. Griffin; Ashley M. Lin; Timothy G. Townsend; John A. Bowden (Chemosphere, 2023)

Co-incidence of BA.1 and BA.2 at the start of Singapore's Omicron wave revealed by Community and University Campus wastewater surveillance - Feng Jun Desmond Chua; Se Yeon Kim; Eric Hill; Jia Wei Cai; Wei Lin Lee; Xiaoqiong Gu; Siti Aisyah Afri Affandi; Wee Chiew Germaine Kwok; Weijie Ng; Mats Leifels; Federica Armas; Franciscus Chandra; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus spp.: A review - Genglan Lin; Yanying Li; Xiaohua Chen; Fuming Zhang; Robert J. Linhardt; Anqiang Zhang (Food Bioscience, 2023)

Contributions of plant litter to soil microbial activity improvement and soil nutrient enhancement along with herb and shrub colonization expansions in an arid sandy land - Jing Liu; Jun Wang; Stephen J. Morreale; Rebecca L. Schneider; Zhigang Li; Gao-Lin Wu (CATENA, 2023)

Chitosan-Fe3O4 composites enhance anaerobic digestion of liquor wastewater under acidic stress - Wenkai Nie; Yan Lin; Xin Wu; Shaohua Wu; Xiang Li; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

A Letter to Your Care Providers: Implementation and Analysis of a Letter-based Advance Care Planning Initiative for Gynecologic Oncology Patients - Catherine N. Zivanov; Anne Coogan; Robin R. Lane; Sara G. Lin; Sarah C. Reed; Marc A. Robinson; Mohana Karlekar; Lauren S. Prescott; Alaina J. Brown (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

Characteristics and correlation of soil low-molecular-weight organic acids and nutrients in four plantations in red soil area of south China - Y. M. Ren; Z. J. Hou; T. Su; Z. R. Lin; A. Q. Liu; L. P. Cai (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Differences in the occurrence of leg glands between the social parasite S. mutica (Brown, 1949) and other Strumigenys ants - C. Wang; F.-Y. Chung; C.-C. Lin; J. Billen (Insectes Sociaux, 2023)

Neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage following a simulated singles badminton match - Zengyuan Lin; Anthony J. Blazevich; Chris R. Abbiss; Jodie Cochrane Wilkie; Kazunori Nosaka (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)
Purpose To understand muscle damage in badminton, changes in neuromuscular function were investigated after simulated badminton singles matches performed by ten state-level male players. Methods Each participant played eight matches and measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after each match. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors and flexors, voluntary activation (VA) during MVC and torques generated by doublet ( T Doublet ), 20 ( T 20 ) and 80 Hz ( T 80 ) electrical stimulations of the knee extensors were measured from the dominant leg (the racket-hold arm side). Muscle soreness was assessed by a 100-mm visual analogue scale from both legs. The number of lunges performed by each participant in each match was analysed by videos, and its relations to other measures were examined. Results Pre-match knee extensor and flexor MVC torques were 278.4 ± 50.8 Nm and 143.0 ± 36.2 Nm, respectively. Knee extensor MVC torque of the dominant leg decreased immediately (12.0 ± 2.9%) and 1 h post-match (16.0 ± 3.2%), but returned to baseline at 24 h post-match. VA (11.4 ± 2.9%), T Doublet (13.1 ± 6.0%), T 20 (31.1 ± 12.3%) and T 80 (25.5 ± 7.9%) decreased ( p < 0.01) immediately post-match but recovered by 24 h post-match. A significant correlation ( r = − 0.64, p < 0.01) was observed between the total number of lunges performed in a match (160–240 times) and the magnitude of decrease in MVC torque (6.4–14.7%). Muscle soreness developed more ( p < 0.05) for the dominant (51.5 ± 11.6 mm) than the non-dominant leg (18.8 ± 8.6 mm). Conclusion Muscle damage induced by singles badminton matches was minimal, but the more the lunges are performed, the greater the neuromuscular fatigue.

Solubility controls on plutonium and americium release in subsurface environments exposed to acidic processing wastes - Hilary P. Emerson; Sergey I. Sinkov; Carolyn I. Pearce; Kirk J. Cantrell; Calvin H. Delegard; Michelle M.V. Snyder; May-Lin Thomas; Dallas D. Reilly; Edgar C. Buck; Lucas E. Sweet; Amanda J. Casella; Jennifer C. Carter; et al. (Applied Geochemistry, 2023)

Macroalgae exhibit diverse responses to human disturbances on coral reefs - Sara E. Cannon; Simon D. Donner; Angela Liu; Pedro C. González Espinosa; Andrew H. Baird; Julia K. Baum; Andrew G. Bauman; Maria Beger; Cassandra E. Benkwitt; Matthew J. Birt; Yannick Chancerelle; Joshua E. Cinner; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Scientists and managers rely on indicator taxa such as coral and macroalgal cover to evaluate the effects of human disturbance on coral reefs, often assuming a universally positive relationship between local human disturbance and macroalgae. Despite evidence that macroalgae respond to local stressors in diverse ways, there have been few efforts to evaluate relationships between specific macroalgae taxa and local human‐driven disturbance. Using genus‐level monitoring data from 1205 sites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, we assess whether macroalgae percent cover correlates with local human disturbance while accounting for factors that could obscure or confound relationships. Assessing macroalgae at genus level revealed that no genera were positively correlated with all human disturbance metrics. Instead, we found relationships between the division or genera of algae and specific human disturbances that were not detectable when pooling taxa into a single functional category, which is common to many analyses. The convention to use percent cover of macroalgae as an indication of local human disturbance therefore likely obscures signatures of local anthropogenic threats to reefs. Our limited understanding of relationships between human disturbance, macroalgae taxa, and their responses to human disturbances impedes the ability to diagnose and respond appropriately to these threats.

Interactions between marine megafauna and plastic pollution in Southeast Asia - Lucy C.M. Omeyer; Emily M. Duncan; Neil Angelo S. Abreo; Jo Marie V. Acebes; Lea A. AngSinco-Jimenez; Sabiqah T. Anuar; Lemnuel V. Aragones; Gonzalo Araujo; Luis R. Carrasco; Marcus A.H. Chua; Muhammad R. Cordova; Lantun P. Dewanti; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Quantum neuronal sensing of quantum many-body states on a 61-qubit programmable superconducting processor - Ming Gong; He-Liang Huang; Shiyu Wang; Chu Guo; Shaowei Li; Yulin Wu; Qingling Zhu; Youwei Zhao; Shaojun Guo; Haoran Qian; Yangsen Ye; Chen Zha; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2023)

A temporally relaxed theory of physically or chemically non-equilibrium solute transport in heterogeneous porous media - Ying-Fan Lin; Junqi Huang; Elliot J. Carr; Tung-Chou Hsieh; Hongbin Zhan; Hwa-Lung Yu (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Bona fide upcycling strategy of anhydride cured epoxy and reutilization of decomposed dual monomers into multipurpose applications - Lin Shao; Yu-Chung Chang; Baoming Zhao; Xinyan Yan; Brian J. Bliss; Ming-en Fei; Chenhao Yu; Jinwen Zhang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

The contributions of root morphological characteristics and soil property to soil infiltration in a reseeded desert steppe - Bo Wang; Jing Liu; Zhigang Li; Stephen J. Morreale; Rebecca L. Schneider; Dongmei Xu; Xiongkui Lin (CATENA, 2023)

RETRACTED: Production of biochar from tropical fruit tree residues and ecofriendly applications – A review - Zheli Ding; Yu Ge; Sarath C. Gowd; Ekta Singh; Vinay Kumar; Deepshi Chaurasia; Vikas Kumar; Karthik Rajendran; Preeti Chaturvedi Bhargava; Peicong Wu; Fei Lin; Sharareh Harirchi; et al. (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Biomarkers of aging - Hainan Bao; Jiani Cao; Mengting Chen; Min Chen; Wei Chen; Xiao Chen; Yanhao Chen; Yu Chen; Yutian Chen; Zhiyang Chen; Jagadish K. Chhetri; Yingjie Ding; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2023)

Wave attenuation by flattened vegetation (Scirpus mariqueter) - Yuxi Ma; Longhuan Zhu; Zhong Peng; Liming Xue; Wenzhen Zhao; Tianyou Li; Shiwei Lin; Tjeerd J. Bouma; Bas Hofland; Chuning Dong; Xiuzhen Li (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
With the capacity to reduce wave energy and trap sediment, Scirpus mariqueter has become an important native species of annual grass for ecology restoration at the Yangtze Estuary in eastern China. Due to seasonal variances of biophysical characteristics, S. mariqueter usually bends and breaks in winter, resulting in flattened stems that may reduce its wave attenuation capacity. To investigate the effects of vegetation flattening on wave attenuation, a set of flume experiments were conducted for flattened and standing vegetation under different wave conditions. The model vegetation was designed to represent the wilted S. mariqueter collected in winter with dynamic similarity. Results showed that the wave damping coefficient for flattened vegetation ( β F ) was 33.6%-72.4% of that for standing vegetation ( β S ) with the same vegetation length. Both β F and β S increased with wave height but decreased with water depth. A wave attenuation indicator ( WAI ) was defined to generate empirical formulas for β S and β F as well as their ratio β F /β S . The empirical formulas were then applied to modify the existing standing vegetation-based wave attenuation model for flattened vegetation and performed successfully. Understanding the wave attenuation characteristics of flattened vegetation is essential for the management of ecological restoration and coastal protection.

An external exposome-wide association study of opioid use disorder diagnosed during pregnancy in Florida - Boya Lin; Yi Zheng; Dikea Roussos-Ross; Kelly K. Gurka; Matthew J. Gurka; Hui Hu (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

RETRACTED: Valorization of tropical fruits waste for production of commercial biorefinery products – A review - Zheli Ding; Yu Ge; Taner Sar; Vinay Kumar; Sharareh Harirchi; Parameswaran Binod; Ranjna Sirohi; Raveendran Sindhu; Peicong Wu; Fei Lin; Zengqiang Zhang; Mohammad J. Taherzadeh; et al. (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Ammonium removal characteristics of Delftia tsuruhatensis SDU2 with potential application in ammonium‑rich wastewater treatment - L. F. Chen; L. X. Chen; D. Pan; Y. L. Ren; J. Zhang; B. Zhou; J. Q. Lin; J. Q. Lin (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Evaluating historic and modern optical techniques for monitoring phytoplankton biomass in the Atlantic Ocean - Robert J. W. Brewin; Jaime Pitarch; Giorgio Dall’Olmo; Hendrik J. van der Woerd; Junfang Lin; Xuerong Sun; Gavin H. Tilstone (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Traditional measurements of the Secchi depth ( z SD ) and Forel-Ule colour were collected alongside modern radiometric measurements of ocean clarity and colour, and in-situ measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), on four Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) cruises. These data were used to evaluate historic and modern optical techniques for monitoring Chl-a, and to evaluate remote-sensing algorithms. Historic and modern optical measurements were broadly consistent with current understanding, with Secchi depth inversely related to Forel-Ule colour and to beam and diffuse attenuation, positively related to the ratio of blue to green remote-sensing reflectance and euphotic depth. The relationship between Secchi depth and Forel-Ule on AMT was found to be in closer agreement to historical relationships when using data of the Forel-Ule colour of infinite depth, rather than the Forel-Ule colour of the water above the Secchi disk at half z SD . Over the range of 0.03-2.95 mg m -3 , Chl-a was tightly correlated with these optical variables, with the ratio of blue to green remote-sensing reflectance explaining the highest amount of variance in Chl-a (89%), closely followed by the Secchi depth (85%) and Forel-Ule colour (71-81%, depending on the scale used). Existing algorithms that predict Chl-a from these variables were evaluated, and found to perform well, albeit with some systematic differences. Remote sensing algorithms of Secchi depth were in good agreement with in-situ data over the range of values collected (8.5 - 51.8 m, r 2 >0.77, unbiased root mean square differences around 4.5 m), but with a slight positive bias (2.0 - 5.4 m). Remote sensing algorithms of Forel-Ule agreed well with Forel-Ule colour data of infinite water ( r 2 >0.68, mean differences <1). We investigated the impact of environmental conditions and found wind speed to impact the estimation of z SD , and propose a path forward to include the effect of wind in current Secchi depth theory. We discuss the benefits and challenges of collecting measurements of the Secchi depth and Forel-Ule colour and propose future directions for research. Our dataset is made publicly available to support the research community working on the topic.

Cupric ions inducing dynamic hormesis in duckweed systems for swine wastewater treatment: Quantification, modelling and mechanisms - Chengxi Li; Yan Lin; Xiang Li; Jay J. Cheng; Chunping Yang (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Inversion of river discharge from remotely sensed river widths: A critical assessment at three-thousand global river gauges - Peirong Lin; Dongmei Feng; Colin J. Gleason; Ming Pan; Craig B. Brinkerhoff; Xiao Yang; Hylke E. Beck; Renato Prata de Moraes Frasson (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

A chromosome-level genome assembly reveals that a bipartite gene cluster formed via an inverted duplication controls monoterpenoid biosynthesis in Schizonepeta tenuifolia - Chanchan Liu; Samuel J. Smit; Jingjie Dang; Peina Zhou; Grant T. Godden; Zheng Jiang; Wukun Liu; Licheng Liu; Wei Lin; Jinao Duan; Qinan Wu; Benjamin R. Lichman (Molecular Plant, 2023)

Hemicellulose-bacterial cellulose ribbon interactions affect the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogels - Si-Qian Chen; Patricia Lopez-Sanchez; Deirdre Mikkelsen; Marta Martinez-Sanz; Zhaofeng Li; Shuyan Zhang; Elliot P. Gilbert; Lin Li; Michael J. Gidley (Food Hydrocolloids, 2023)

A systematic evidence map for the evaluation of noncancer health effects and exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures - Laura M. Carlson; Krista Christensen; Sharon K. Sagiv; Pradeep Rajan; Carolyn R. Klocke; Pamela J. Lein; Evan Coffman; Rachel M. Shaffer; Erin E. Yost; Xabier Arzuaga; Pam Factor-Litvak; Alexander Sergeev; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Limits of oxygen isotope palaeoaltimetry in Tibet - Alex Farnsworth; Paul J. Valdes; Lin Ding; Robert A. Spicer; Shi-Hu Li; Tao Su; Shufeng Li; Caitlyn R. Witkowski; Zhongyu Xiong (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Activity-density and spatial distribution of termites on a fine-scale in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China - Myo Thant; Xiaobing Lin; Anjana J. Atapattu; Min Cao; Shang-wen Xia; Shengjie Liu; Xiaodong Yang (Soil Ecology Letters, 2023)

Metabolic reprogramming of Helicoverpa armigera larvae by HearNPV facilitates viral replication and host immune suppression - Zhiqiang Tian; Lin Zhu; J. P. Michaud; Meng Zha; Jie Cheng; Zhongjian Shen; Xiaoming Liu; Xiaoxia Liu (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Baculoviruses are highly evolved parasites that genetically reprogram the developing phenotype of their host insect to produce a vessel for virus replication and dispersal. Here we show that larvae of Helicoverpa armigera infected with HearNPV accumulate glucose in the midgut, which reduces food consumption and alters the dynamics of pathways governing metabolism and immunity. We used transcriptomics to demonstrate the role of the insulin signalling pathway in regulating the HearNPV infection process. Dietary restriction decreased mortality of infected larvae and reduced viral replication prior to death, whereas dietary supplementation with glucose produced the opposite effects. The expression of most tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and energy metabolism‐related genes was reduced in infected larvae, whereas the expression of immunity‐, glycolysis‐ and insulin‐related genes was enhanced. Treatment of infected larvae with insulin increased their survival, reduced viral replication and inhibited climbing behaviour compared to a control treatment with DMSO, whereas RNAi suppression of the insulin receptor gene produced the opposite effects. Inhibition of glycolysis with dichloroacetate (DCA) promoted viral replication and accelerated larval death, but inhibition of the TCA cycle with 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) did not, although both diminished climbing behaviour. This work demonstrates that successful baculovirus infections hinge on metabolic reprogramming of the host and concurrent suppression of immune responses in the larval midgut, with the insulin signalling pathway mediating a trade‐off between glucose metabolism and virus resistance.

Wearable Passive Samplers for Assessing Environmental Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Current Approaches and Future Directions - Joseph O. Okeme; Jeremy P. Koelmel; Emily Johnson; Elizabeth Z. Lin; Dong Gao; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2023)

Adsorption and degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural soils - Yang Li; Yadong Li; Guihong Bi; Timothy J. Ward; Lin Li (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Ongoings in the apple watercore: First evidence from proteomic and metabolomic analysis - Mingyi Yang; Qianwei Lin; Zisheng Luo; Zhaojun Ban; Xihong Li; Russel J. Reiter; Shuang Zhang; Lei Wang; Ze Liang; Ming Qi; Li Li (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Possible influence of typhoons, volcanic ash, and ocean productivity on early larval survival and Japanese eel annual cohort recruitment - Yu-Lin K. Chang; Michael J. Miller (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2023)

Pharmacological inhibitors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator exert off-target effects on epithelial cation channels - JinHeng Lin; Sean M. Gettings; Khaoula Talbi; Rainer Schreiber; Michael J. Taggart; Matthias Preller; Karl Kunzelmann; Mike Althaus; Michael A. Gray (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2023)
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel and the epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) play essential roles in transepithelial ion and fluid transport in numerous epithelial tissues. Inhibitors of both channels have been important tools for defining their physiological role in vitro. However, two commonly used CFTR inhibitors, CFTR inh -172 and GlyH-101, also inhibit non-CFTR anion channels, indicating they are not CFTR specific. However, the potential off-target effects of these inhibitors on epithelial cation channels has to date not been addressed. Here, we show that both CFTR blockers, at concentrations routinely employed by many researchers, caused a significant inhibition of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) that was time-dependent, poorly reversible and independent of CFTR. Patch clamp experiments showed that both CFTR inh -172 and GlyH-101 caused a significant block of Orai1-mediated whole cell currents, establishing that they likely reduce SOCE via modulation of this Ca 2+ release-activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channel. In addition to off-target effects on calcium channels, both inhibitors significantly reduced human αβγ-ENaC-mediated currents after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, but had differential effects on δβγ-ENaC function. Molecular docking identified two putative binding sites in the extracellular domain of ENaC for both CFTR blockers. Together, our results indicate that caution is needed when using these two CFTR inhibitors to dissect the role of CFTR, and potentially ENaC, in physiological processes.

The TCI Clinical Encounter Program for PhD Students in Cancer Biology: a Feasibility Pilot - Alexander M. Real; Jenny J. Lin; Janice L. Gabrilove (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)
Clinical rotations are often not included in graduate-level cancer biology curricula; however, basic insight into clinical oncology is often crucial for developing translational research that addresses unmet needs with the potential to benefit cancer patients. We describe a needs assessment, design, implementation, and descriptive evaluation of an oncology-specific pilot clinical encounter program developed for PhD students in the Cancer Biology Training Area (CAB) in the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) and Tisch Cancer Institute (TCI) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS). Prior to the development of this pilot program, CAB students, in years 2–5 + , were surveyed to determine their interest in a structured clinical experience. Seventeen out of thirty-one students responded (55%) to the survey. Of those seventeen respondents, fifteen (88.2%) expressed that exposure to cancer patients in the clinical setting would be useful for their pre-doctoral biomedical science and cancer biology training and indicated an interest in participating in the clinical encounter program. Based on these responses, a three-session clinical encounter pilot program was designed. Two separate cohorts of 5 students participated in this pilot program. During a formal debrief, following the clinical experience, students commented on the resilience of patients and the importance of research on clinical decision making, and reported that they found the experience motivational. Five out of 10 students responded (50%) to a post-program assessment survey; all five respondents answered that they would recommend the clinical encounter program to their peers. While limited in size and scope, this pilot TCI Clinical Encounter Program proved feasible and has the potential to enrich and inform the experience of PhD students pursing advanced degrees in a cancer biology.

Coexistence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and IgA nephropathy - Qi Xiong; Wei Lin; Chanjuan Shen; Ting Meng; Rong Tang; Joshua D. Ooi; Peter J. Eggenhuizen; Jinbiao Chen; Wannian Nie; Xia Li; Qiaoling Zhou; Ping Xiao; et al. (Immunologic Research, 2023)

Responses of a semiarid grassland to recurrent drought are linked to community functional composition - Wentao Luo; Taofeek O. Muraina; Robert J. Griffin‐Nolan; Wang Ma; Lin Song; Wei Fu; Qiang Yu; Alan K. Knapp; Zhengwen Wang; Xingguo Han; Scott L. Collins (Ecology, 2023)
Recurrent droughts are an inevitable consequence of climate change, yet how grasslands respond to such events is unclear. We conducted a 6‐year rainfall manipulation experiment in a semiarid grassland that consisted of an initial 2‐year drought (2015–2016), followed by a recovery period (2017–2018) and, finally, a second 2‐year drought (2019–2020). In each year, we estimated aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species richness, community‐weighted mean (CWM) plant traits, and several indices of functional diversity. The initial drought led to reduced ANPP, which was primarily driven by limited growth of forbs in the first year and grasses in the second year. Total ANPP completely recovered as the rapid recovery of grass productivity compensated for the slow recovery of forb productivity. The subsequent drought led to a greater reduction in total ANPP than the initial drought due to the greater decline of both grass and forb productivity. The structural equation models revealed that soil moisture influenced ANPP responses directly during the initial drought, and indirectly during the subsequent drought by lowering functional diversity, which resulted in reduced total ANPP. Additionally, ANPP was positively influenced by CWM plant height and leaf nitrogen during the recovery period and recurrent drought, respectively. Overall, the greater impact of the second drought on ecosystem function than the initial drought, as well as the underlying differential mechanism, underscores the need for an understanding of how increased drought frequency may alter semiarid grassland functioning.

Evaluating the release and metabolism of ricinine from castor cake fertilizer in soils using a LC-QTOF/MS coupled with SIRIUS workflow - Kai-Xuan Zheng; Cheng-Hua Liu; Sichao Wang; Yu-Min Tzou; Chih-Min Chiang; Shiou-Ruei Lin; Hsiao-Ying Yang; Jerry J. Wu; Ya-Hui Chuang (Chemosphere, 2023)

Relative sensitivity of hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and chemical processes for simulating the buoyant multiphase plume and surfacing flows of an oil and gas blowout - Anusha L. Dissanayake; Scott A. Socolofsky; Jonas Gros; Inok Jun; Lin Zhao; Michel C. Boufadel; J. Samuel Arey (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Phytochemical composition and antibacterial evaluation of Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC. leaf, stem, and latex extracts - C.M. Naidoo; Y. Naidoo; Y.H. Dewir; M. Singh; J. Lin (South African Journal of Botany, 2023)

Hemoglobin normalization outperforms other methods for standardizing dried blood spot metabolomics: A comparative study - Abhishek Jain; Montana Morris; Elizabeth Z. Lin; Sajid A. Khan; Xiaomei Ma; Nicole C. Deziel; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt; Caroline H. Johnson (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Corrigendum to “Comparative efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on major cardiovascular events: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” [Progress in Lipid Research. 2022 Oct 28;88:101196. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101196] - Bo Yang; Ping-Tao Tseng; Xiang Hu; Bing-Yan Zeng; Jane Pei-Chen Chang; Yang Liu; Wei-Jie Chu; Shuang-Shuang Zhang; Zhi-Liang Zhou; Chih-Sheng Chu; Cheng-Ho Chang; Yu-Kang Tu; et al. (Progress in Lipid Research, 2023)

Simultaneous detection of two herbicides in fruits and vegetables with nanoparticle-linked immunosorbent and lateral flow immunoassays - Eunice Y. Kwon; Xiaofan Ruan; Fei Yu; Yuehe Lin; Dan Du; Bernard J. Van Wie (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction by ultrafine particles in New York: Changes following Tier 3 vehicle introduction - Catherine S. Yount; Mark J. Utell; Philip K. Hopke; Sally W. Thurston; Shao Lin; Frederick S. Ling; Yunle Chen; David Chalupa; Xinlei Deng; David Q. Rich (Environmental Research, 2023)

A peptide Epitope − Synthetic hydrogel polymer conjugate that mimics insecticidal protein Receptors. Application in environmental and biological analysis - Zihao Wan; Yalu Chen; Senhua Hu; Qiaolian Chen; Yuxin Li; Xiuhua Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Yongjun Lin; Kenneth J. Shea; Mingming Liu (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

How can diverse national food and land-use priorities be reconciled with global sustainability targets? Lessons from the FABLE initiative - Aline Mosnier; Guido Schmidt-Traub; Michael Obersteiner; Sarah Jones; Valeria Javalera-Rincon; Fabrice DeClerck; Marcus Thomson; Frank Sperling; Paula Harrison; Katya Pérez-Guzmán; Gordon Carlos McCord; Javier Navarro-Garcia; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2023)
There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with the FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, and Energy—Consortium to reconcile both global and national elements for developing national food and land-use system pathways. This approach includes three key features: (1) global targets, (2) country-driven multi-objective pathways, and (3) multiple iterations of pathway refinement informed by both national and international impacts. This approach strengthens policy coherence and highlights where greater national and international ambition is needed to achieve global goals (e.g., the SDGs). We discuss how this could be used to support future climate and biodiversity negotiations and what further developments would be needed.

Cover Image - Rachel N. Hofer; Allen Lin; Benjamin C. House; Christopher N. Purvis; Bradley J. Harris; Steven J. K. Symes; David K. Giles (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2023)

Exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) influence permeability, antimicrobial peptide resistance, biofilm formation and membrane phospholipid structure in an A‐layer and non‐A ‐layer strain of Aeromonas salmonicida - Rachel N. Hofer; Allen Lin; Benjamin C. House; Christopher N. Purvis; Bradley J. Harris; Steven J. K. Symes; David K. Giles (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2023)
Aeromonas salmonicida is a Gram‐negative bacterium that can infect a wide host range of fish populations, including salmonids and non‐salmonids as well as freshwater and marine life. Some strains of A. salmonicida cause the disease furunculosis, which can cause lethargy, intestinal inflammation, ulcers, haemorrhaging and death. The infection is spread through fish‐to‐fish contact, and the presence of infection can have devastating effects on cultivated fish populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of non‐A‐layer and A‐layer A. salmonicida strains to incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into their lipid profile and test the phenotypic effects thereof. Lipids were extracted from PUFA‐exposed cultures and analysed for lipid modification by thin‐layer chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, showing A. salmonicida , regardless of A‐layer, capable of incorporating all seven of the PUFAs studied. Phenotypic effects were determined through the use of assays that tested for biofilm formation, membrane permeability and cyclic peptide susceptibility. Temperature‐dependent effects on biofilm formation were observed, and PUFA exposure showed significant ( p

Ensuring planetary survival: the centrality of organic carbon in balancing the multifunctional nature of soils - Peter M. Kopittke; Asmeret Asefaw Berhe; Yolima Carrillo; Timothy R. Cavagnaro; Deli Chen; Qing-Lin Chen; Mercedes Román Dobarco; Feike A. Dijkstra; Damien J. Field; Michael J. Grundy; Ji-Zheng He; Frances C. Hoyle; et al. (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Dancing to a different tune: changing reproductive seasonality in an introduced chital deer population - Catherine L. Kelly; Lin Schwarzkopf; Iain J. Gordon; Anthony Pople; David L. Kelly; Ben T. Hirsch (Oecologia, 2022)
Male and female reproductive behaviour is typically synchronised. In species such as those in the family Cervidae , reproductive timing is often cued by photoperiod, although in females, it can be dependent on body condition. When a species is introduced to a novel environment, the environment changes, or responses of the sexes to such cues differ, asynchronous reproductive behaviour between males and females may occur. We investigated the seasonality of reproductive behaviour in introduced chital deer in northern Queensland by examining male antler phase in relation to female conception rates. We then analysed the influence of different variables likely to affect the timing of male and female reproductive physiology. The lowest percentage of chital in hard antler in any 1 month in this study was 35% (Fig. 1), but the average value was closer to 50%, thus there was a seasonal peak in antler phase linked with photoperiod. Females conceived at any time of year, but were strongly influenced by the amount of rainfall 3 months prior to conception. This resulted in varying conception peaks year-to-year that often did not correspond to the male’s peak in hard antler. In this system, a proportion of males and females were physiologically and behaviourally ready to mate at any time of the year. We predict that differences in the timing of the peaks between the males and females will lead to increased reproductive skew (variation in reproductive success among individual males). This pattern may select for different mating strategies or physiological mechanisms to increase reproductive success.

An assessment tool for estimating effects of entrainment at hydropower facilities on adfluvial fish populations - Hsien-Yung Lin; Eduardo G. Martins; Michael Power; James A. Crossman; Alf J. Leake; Steven J. Cooke (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2022)

A comprehensive review on water stable metal-organic frameworks for large-scale preparation and applications in water quality management based on surveys made since 2015 - R. Y. Li; Z. S. Wang; Z. Y. Yuan; Constance Van Horne; Viatcheslav Freger; M. Lin; R. K. Cai; J. P. Chen (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Anti-drug Antibody Sample Testing and Reporting Harmonization - Darshana Jani; Robin Marsden; Michele Gunsior; Laura Schild Hay; Bethany Ward; Kyra J. Cowan; Mitra Azadeh; Breann Barker; Liching Cao; Kristin R. Closson; Kelly Coble; Sanjay L. Dholakiya; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2022)
A clear scientific and operational need exists for harmonized bioanalytical immunogenicity study reporting to facilitate communication of immunogenicity findings and expedient review by industry and health authorities. To address these key bioanalytical reporting gaps and provide a report structure for documenting immunogenicity results, this cross-industry group was formed to establish harmonized recommendations and a develop a submission template to facilitate agency filings. Provided here are recommendations for reporting clinical anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay results using ligand-binding assay technologies. This publication describes the essential bioanalytical report (BAR) elements such as the method, critical reagents and equipment, study samples, results, and data analysis, and provides a template for a suggested structure for the ADA BAR. This publication focuses on the content and presentation of the bioanalytical ADA sample analysis report. The interpretation of immunogenicity data, including the evaluation of the impact of ADA on safety, exposure, and efficacy, is out of scope of this publication. Graphical Abstract

Role of ocean dynamics in equatorial Pacific decadal variability - Yu Zhang; Shi-Yun Yu; Shang-Ping Xie; Dillon J. Amaya; Qihua Peng; Yu Kosaka; Xiaopei Lin; Jun-Chao Yang; Sarah M. Larson; Arthur J. Miller; Lei Fan (Climate Dynamics, 2022)

Coastal upwelling enhances abundance of a symbiotic diazotroph (UCYN-A) and its haptophyte host in the Arctic Ocean - Corday R. Selden; Sveinn V. Einarsson; Kate E. Lowry; Katherine E. Crider; Robert S. Pickart; Peigen Lin; Carin J. Ashjian; P. Dreux Chappell (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The apparently obligate symbiosis between the diazotroph Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa (UCYN-A) and its haptophyte host, Braarudosphaera bigelowii , has recently been found to fix dinitrogen (N 2 ) in polar waters at rates (per cell) comparable to those observed in the tropical/subtropical oligotrophic ocean basins. This study presents the novel observation that this symbiosis increased in abundance during a wind-driven upwelling event along the Alaskan Beaufort shelfbreak. As upwelling relaxed, the relative abundance of B. bigelowii among eukaryotic phytoplankton increased most significantly in waters over the upper slope. As the host’s nitrogen demands are believed to be supplied primarily by UCYN-A, this response suggests that upwelling may enhance N 2 fixation as displaced coastal waters are advected offshore, potentially extending the duration of upwelling-induced phytoplankton blooms. Given that such events are projected to increase in intensity and number with ocean warming, upwelling-driven N 2 fixation as a feedback on climate merits investigation.

Groundwater vulnerability assessment of shallow aquifer in the South Texas sand sheet using a GIS-based DRASTIC model - Syed Istiyak Ahmed; Chu-Lin Cheng; Juan Gonzalez; James J. Kang; Jungseok Ho; Leslie Soto-Sanchez (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Impacts of Mercury Exposure Levels and Sources on the Demethylation of Methylmercury Through Human Gut Microbiota - Xian-Feng Yang; Shao-Chen Yang; Fu-Li Wen; Lin Feng; Bo Meng; Hai-Yan Hu; Bao-Lin Wang; Jun Li; Alexandre J. Poulain; Ping Li (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2022)

The relationship between prior psychiatric diagnosis and brain cancer diagnosis in the U.S. military health system - Julie A. Bytnar; Jie Lin; Brett J. Theeler; Ann I. Scher; Craig D. Shriver; Kangmin Zhu (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Performance of Semi-passive Systems for the Biological Treatment of High-As Acid Mine Drainage: Results from a Year of Monitoring at the Carnoulès Mine (Southern France) - C. Diaz-Vanegas; C. Casiot; L. Lin; L. De Windt; M. Héry; A. Desoeuvre; O. Bruneel; F. Battaglia-Brunet; J. Jacob (Mine Water and the Environment, 2022)

Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database - Tommaso Jucker; Fabian Jörg Fischer; Jérôme Chave; David A. Coomes; John Caspersen; Arshad Ali; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Ted R. Feldpausch; Daniel Falster; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Luciana F. Alves; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non‐forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC‐BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599 . To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

Parasitism of urban bumble bees influenced by pollinator taxonomic richness, local garden management, and surrounding impervious cover - Nicholas A. Ivers; Zacchariah Jordan; Hamutahl Cohen; Amber Tripodi; Mark J. F. Brown; Heidi Liere; Brenda B. Lin; Stacy Philpott; Shalene Jha (Urban Ecosystems, 2022)

Extended Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model to Mirror Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy - Sarah J. Messmer; Kathleen E. Salmeron; Jacqueline A. Frank; Christopher J. McLouth; Douglas E. Lukins; Tyler C. Hammond; Ai-Ling Lin; Justin F. Fraser; Keith R. Pennypacker (Translational Stroke Research, 2022)

Tisch Cancer Institute Scholars Program: Mentored Cancer Research Training Pipeline for Medical Students - Kaitlyn Ben-David; Jenny J. Lin; James L. M. Ferrara; Janice L. Gabrilove (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Simulating Landfast Ice in Lake Superior - Yuchun Lin; Ayumi Fujisaki-Manome; Eric J. Anderson (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
Landfast ice plays an important role in the nearshore hydrodynamics of large lakes, such as the dampening of surface waves and currents. In this study, previously developed landfast ice basal stress parameterizations were added to an unstructured grid hydrodynamic ice model to represent the effects of grounded ice keels and tensile strength of ice cover. Numerical experiments using this model were conducted to evaluate the development of coastal landfast ice in Lake Superior. A sensitivity study of the free parameters was conducted from December 2018 to May 2021 to cover both high and low ice cover winters in Lake Superior and was compared against observations from the United States National Ice Center. The model reproduces the annual variation in coastal landfast ice in Lake Superior, particularly in shallow nearshore areas and the semi-enclosed bays in the northern regions of the lake. Experiments also show that the growth of landfast ice is mainly controlled by the free parameter that controls the critical ice thickness for the activation of basal stress. Overall, the model tends to underestimate the extent of coastal landfast against observations.

Registered clinical trials investigating treatment of long COVID: a scoping review and recommendations for research - Felicia Ceban; Alexia Leber; Muhammad Youshay Jawad; Mathew Yu; Leanna M. W. Lui; Mehala Subramaniapillai; Joshua D. Di Vincenzo; Hartej Gill; Nelson B. Rodrigues; Bing Cao; Yena Lee; Kangguang Lin; et al. (Infectious Diseases, 2022)

Characterization of operant social interaction in rats: effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, housing conditions, and choice between social interaction vs. food or remifentanil - Jonathan J. Chow; Nicholas J. Beacher; Jules M. Chabot; Marvellous Oke; Marco Venniro; Da-Ting Lin; Yavin Shaham (Psychopharmacology, 2022)

Factors associated with changes in exercise behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic - Caroline Himbert; Cassandra A. Hathaway; Bailee Daniels; Karen Salas; Anjelica Ashworth; Biljana Gigic; Tengda Lin; Richard Viskochil; Anne C. Kirchhoff; Douglas Grossman; Jennifer Ose; Jonathan Tward; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Characterization of Water Transport in Porous Building Materials Based on an Analytical Spontaneous Imbibition Model - Ming-Liang Qu; Sheng-Yue Lu; Qingyang Lin; Sajjad Foroughi; Zi-Tao Yu; Martin J. Blunt (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Numerical Study of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Periodic Closed-Cell Porous Media - Yu-Lin Shen; Mohammad G. Abdo; Isabella J. Van Rooyen (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Effects of Biogas Slurry on Crop Yield, Physicochemical Properties and Aggregation Characteristics of Lime Concretion Soil in Wheat–Maize Rotation in the North China Plain - Jiao Tang; Anthony J. Davy; Wei Wang; Xihuan Zhang; Dafu Wu; Lin Hu; Jinzhong Yin (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022)

Functionality‐based life cycle assessment framework: An information and communication technologies (ICT) product case study - Lin Shi; Katharine J. Mach; Sangwon Suh; Adam Brandt (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2022)
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely applied to assessing the environmental impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT) products throughout their lifetime. Building upon LCA methodology, this study proposes a user‐oriented, functionality‐based LCA (FLCA) framework that evaluates the environmental impact of multifunctional ICT products such as smartphones. Incorporating the quality function deployment and LCA literature, we develop an approach that highlights the linkages among user behavior, product functionalities, and product environmental footprints. We use matrix algebra to outline a computational method and a streamlined process to operationalize such analysis. FLCA analyzes the impact of materials in the context of how they are used. To illustrate the concept with a simple example, our first case study calculates the manufacturing GHG emissions of a well‐known multifunctional product, a Swiss Army knife. In the second case study, we estimate the functionality‐based GHG emissions of a hypothetical smartphone. We consider various scopes of impact, including at the levels of device, infrastructure, and supply chains. Extending from LCA methods, FLCA moves away from a general understanding of functionality to a more granular perspective to accommodate the complexity in modern ICT products. Our study advances a user‐oriented perspective to understand product sustainability impacts. Additionally, it offers a method to provide empirical evidence of the “hidden” impacts of industrial products during consumption, enabling more precise linkage of the production‐consumption relationship through LCA toward better design to uncover and address users' needs.

HIV, pathology and epigenetic age acceleration in different human tissues - Steve Horvath; David T. S. Lin; Michael S. Kobor; Joseph A. Zoller; Jonathan W. Said; Susan Morgello; Elyse Singer; William H. Yong; Beth D. Jamieson; Andrew J. Levine (GeroScience, 2022)
Epigenetic clocks based on patterns of DNA methylation have great importance in understanding aging and disease; however, there are basic questions to be resolved in their application. It remains unknown whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) within an individual shows strong correlation between different primary tissue sites, the extent to which tissue pathology and clinical illness correlate with EAA in the target organ, and if EAA variability across tissues differs according to sex. Considering the outsized role of age-related illness in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV), these questions were pursued in a sample enriched for tissue from HIV-infected individuals. We used a custom methylation array to generate DNA methylation data from 661 samples representing 11 human tissues (adipose, blood, bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver, lung, lymph node, muscle, spleen and pituitary gland) from 133 clinically characterized, deceased individuals, including 75 infected with HIV. We developed a multimorbidity index based on the clinical disease history. Epigenetic age was moderately correlated across tissues. Blood had the greatest number and degree of correlation, most notably with spleen and bone marrow. However, blood did not correlate with epigenetic age of liver. EAA in liver was weakly correlated with EAA in kidney, adipose, lung and bone marrow. Clinically, hypertension was associated with EAA in several tissues, consistent with the multiorgan impacts of this illness. HIV infection was associated with positive age acceleration in kidney and spleen. Male sex was associated with increased epigenetic acceleration in several tissues. Preliminary evidence indicates that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with positive EAA in muscle tissue. Finally, greater multimorbidity was associated with greater EAA across all tissues. Blood alone will often fail to detect EAA in other tissues. While hypertension is associated with increased EAA in several tissues, many pathologies are associated with organ-specific age acceleration.

Blocking the 2,3-butanediol synthesis pathway of Klebsiella pneumoniae resulted in l-valine production - Qinghui Wang; Jinjie Gu; Lin Shu; Weiyan Jiang; Ljiljana Mojovic; Zorica Knezevic-Jugovic; Jiping Shi; Frank Baganz; Gary J. Lye; Wensheng Xiang; Jian Hao (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2022)

Trametes suaveolens-derived biochar loaded on nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) - W.-D. Wang; H.-T. Ma; W. Lin; P. Sun; L.-K. Zhang; J.-H. Han (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal - Xiaoming Liu; Zhiqiang Tian; Limei Cai; Zhongjian Shen; J. P. Michaud; Lin Zhu; Shuo Yan; Vera I. D. Ros; Kelli Hoover; Zhen Li; Songdou Zhang; Xiaoxia Liu (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Baculoviruses can induce climbing behaviour in their caterpillar hosts to ensure they die at elevated positions to enhance virus transmission, providing an excellent model to study parasitic manipulation of host behaviour. Here, we demonstrate that climbing behaviour occurred mostly during daylight hours, and that the height at death of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV)‐infected larvae increases with the height of the light source. Phototaxic and electroretinogram (ERG) responses were enhanced after HearNPV‐infection in host larvae, and ablation of stemmata in infected larvae prevented both phototaxis and climbing behaviour. Through transcriptome and quantitative PCR, we confirmed that two opsin genes (a blue light‐sensitive gene, HaBL ; and a long wave‐sensitive gene, HaLW ) as well as the TRPL (transient receptor potential‐like channel protein) gene, all integral to the host's visual perception pathway, were significantly upregulated after HearNPV infection. Knockout of HaBL , HaLW , or TRPL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significantly reduced ERG responses, phototaxis, and climbing behaviour in HearNPV‐infected larvae. These results reveal that HearNPV alters the expression of specific genes to hijack host visual perception at fundamental levels—photoreception and phototransduction—in order to induce climbing behaviour in host larvae.

Large quantities of small microplastics permeate the surface ocean to abyssal depths in the South Atlantic Gyre - Shiye Zhao; Erik R. Zettler; Ryan P. Bos; Peigen Lin; Linda A. Amaral‐Zettler; Tracy J. Mincer (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Hundreds of studies have surveyed plastic debris in surface ocean gyre and convergence zones, however, comprehensive microplastics (MPs, ≤5 mm) assessments beneath these surface accumulation areas are lacking. Using in situ high‐volume filtration, Manta net and MultiNet sampling, combined with micro‐Fourier‐transform‐infrared imaging, we discovered a high abundance (up to 244.3 pieces per cubic meter [n m −3 ]) of small microplastics (SMPs, characteristically 300 μm) concurrently collected in MultiNet samples. Higher‐density polymers (e.g., alkyd resins and polyamide) comprised >65% of the total pump sample count, highlighting a discrepancy between polymer compositions from previous ocean surface‐based surveys, typically dominated by buoyant polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Contrary to previous reports stating LMP preferentially accumulated at density gradients, SMP with presumably slower sinking rates are much less influenced by density gradients, thus resulting in a more even vertical distribution in the water column, and potentially longer residence times. Overall, our findings suggest that SMP is a critical and largely underexplored constituent of the oceanic plastic inventory. Additionally, our data support that weak current systems contribute to the formation of SMP hotspots at depth, implying a higher encounter rate for subsurface particle feeders. Our study unveils the prevalence of plastics in the entire water column, highlighting the urgency for more quantification of the deep‐ocean MP, particularly the smaller size fraction, to better understand ecosystem exposure and to predict MP fate and impacts.

Interannual climate variability has predominant effects on seedling survival in a temperate forest - Zhichao Xu; Daniel J. Johnson; Kai Zhu; Fei Lin; Ji Ye; Zuoqiang Yuan; Zikun Mao; Shuai Fang; Zhanqing Hao; Xugao Wang (Ecology, 2022)
Mechanisms such as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) and niche partitioning have been proposed to explain species coexistence and community diversity. However, as a potentially important axis of niche partitioning, the role of interannual climate variability in driving local community dynamics remains largely unknown. Here we used a 15‐year monitoring data set of more than 53,000 seedlings in a temperate forest to examine (1) what are the relative effects of interannual climate variability, biotic interactions, and habitat conditions on seedling survival; (2) how the effects of biotic interactions change with interannual climate variability, and habitat conditions; and (3) whether the impacts of interannual climate variability, biotic interactions, and habitat conditions differ with plant traits. Interannual climate variability accounted for the most variation in seedling survival at the community level, followed by biotic interactions, and habitat conditions. Increased snowpack and decreased minimum temperature during the non‐growing season had positive effects on seedling survival. Effects of conspecific neighbor density were weakened in higher snowpack, effective accumulated temperature, elevation, and soil‐resource gradient, but were intensified with increased ultraviolet radiation, maximum precipitation, minimum temperature, and soil moisture. In addition, the relative importance of interannual climate variability versus biotic interactions differed depending on species‐trait groups. Specifically, biotic interactions for gravity‐dispersed species had a larger effect size in affecting seedling survival than other trait groups. Also, gravity‐dispersed species experienced a stronger CNDD than wind‐dispersed, probably because wind‐dispersed seedlings rarely had adult conspecifics nearby. We found that interannual climate variability was most strongly associated with seedling survival, but the magnitude of climatic effects varied among species‐trait groups. Interannual climate variability may act as an inhibitor or accelerator to density‐dependent interactions and should be accounted for in future studies, as both a potential direct and indirect factor in understanding the diversity of forest communities.

Legacy effects of a multi-year extreme drought on belowground bud banks in rhizomatous vs bunchgrass-dominated grasslands - Jianqiang Qian; Ziyue Guo; Taofeek O. Muraina; Niwu Te; Robert J. Griffin-Nolan; Lin Song; Chong Xu; Qiang Yu; Zhiming Zhang; Wentao Luo (Oecologia, 2022)

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on pyrolysis of pine saw dust and application of bio-char - J. Lin; Q. Zhang; H. Xia; S. Cheng (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Soil Stoichiometry Mediates Links Between Tree Functional Diversity and Soil Microbial Diversity in a Temperate Forest - Anvar Sanaei; Emma J. Sayer; Zuoqiang Yuan; Fei Lin; Shuai Fang; Ji Ye; Shufang Liu; Zhanqing Hao; Xugao Wang (Ecosystems, 2022)

Effects of short-term decomposition on isotope values of fish tissues under natural conditions - Kathryn S. Peiman; Hsien-Yung Lin; Michael Power; Scott G. Hinch; David A. Patterson; Steven J. Cooke (Aquatic Ecology, 2022)

Prevalence, complete genome, and metabolic potentials of a phylogenetically novel cyanobacterial symbiont in the coral‐killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota - Yu‐Hsiang Chen; Hsing‐Ju Chen; Cheng‐Yu Yang; Jia‐Ho Shiu; Daphne Z. Hoh; Pei‐Wen Chiang; Wenhua Savanna Chow; Chaolun Allen Chen; Tin‐Han Shih; Szu‐Hsien Lin; Chi‐Ming Yang; James Davis Reimer; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Summary Terpios hoshinota is an aggressive, space‐competing sponge that kills various stony corals. Outbreaks of this species have led to intense damage to coral reefs in many locations. Here, the first large‐scale 16S rRNA gene survey across three oceans revealed that bacteria related to the taxa Prochloron , Endozoicomonas , SAR116, Ruegeria , and unclassified Proteobacteria were prevalent in T . hoshinota . A Prochloron ‐related bacterium was the most dominant and prevalent cyanobacterium in T . hoshinota . The complete genome of this uncultivated cyanobacterium and pigment analysis demonstrated that it has phycobiliproteins and lacks chlorophyll b , which is inconsistent with the definition of Prochloron . Furthermore, the cyanobacterium was phylogenetically distinct from Prochloron , strongly suggesting that it should be a sister taxon to Prochloron . Therefore, we proposed this symbiotic cyanobacterium as a novel species under the new genus Candidatus Paraprochloron terpiosi. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that ‘Paraprochloron’ and Prochloron exhibit distinct genomic features and DNA replication machinery. We also characterized the metabolic potentials of ‘Paraprochloron terpiosi’ in carbon and nitrogen cycling and propose a model for interactions between it and T. hoshinota . This study builds a foundation for the study of the T . hoshinota microbiome and paves the way for better understanding of ecosystems involving this coral‐killing sponge.

Engineering osteoarthritic cartilage model through differentiating senescent human mesenchymal stem cells for testing disease-modifying drugs - Ning Wang; Yuchen He; Silvia Liu; Meagan J. Makarcyzk; Guanghua Lei; Alexander Chang; Peter G. Alexander; Tingjun Hao; Anne-Marie Padget; Nuria de Pedro; Tsapekos Menelaos; Hang Lin (Science China Life Sciences, 2022)

Current management of melanoma patients with nodal metastases - Dale Han; Alexander C. J. van Akkooi; Richard J. Straker; Adrienne B. Shannon; Giorgos C. Karakousis; Lin Wang; Kevin B. Kim; Douglas Reintgen (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2022)

A bibliometric review of peripartum cardiomyopathy compared to other cardiomyopathies using artificial intelligence and machine learning - M. Grosser; H. Lin; M. Wu; Y. Zhang; S. Tipper; D. Venter; J. Lu; C. G. dos Remedios (Biophysical Reviews, 2022)

Dietary nutrients shape gut microbes and intestinal mucosa via epigenetic modifications - Jianmin Wu; Ying Zhao; Xian Wang; Lingchang Kong; Lee J. Johnston; Lin Lu; Xi Ma (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2022)

Disturbance frequency, intensity and forest structure modulate cyclone‐induced changes in mangrove forest canopy cover - Jonathan Peereman; J. Aaron Hogan; Teng‐Chiu Lin (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Tropical cyclones are large‐scale disturbances that can shape the structure and dynamics of mangrove forests. Although tropical cyclone activity overlaps extensively with the latitudinal distribution of mangrove forests, the relationships between cyclone intensity and frequency and mangrove forest canopy damage and recovery are not understood at the global scale. Using remote sensing data, we examined how mangrove forest structure, climate and cyclone characteristics influence canopy cover loss and recovery dynamics. Location Global tropics. Time period 2000–2020. Major taxa studied Mangrove trees. Methods Using two satellite‐derived vegetation indices (the enhanced vegetation index and the normalized difference infrared index) from 86 cyclones affecting 56 mangrove sites across the globe, we quantified mangrove canopy loss in relationship to cyclones. Using linear regression and variance decomposition, we identified and ranked significant predictors of cyclone‐induced canopy loss and recovery. Results Three‐quarters of the studied cyclone disturbances resulted in canopy damage. Stands exposed to high wind speeds and those close to the cyclone paths were more severely damaged, whereas lower damage magnitudes were found in sites with greater past cyclone frequency. Canopy damage was greater in tall mangrove stands but decreased with higher aboveground biomass. The distance from the cyclone path and maximum wind speed were the most important factors, representing > 50% of the explained variation in cyclone damage. There was considerable variation in canopy damage among cyclones, but rates of recovery were similar across all mangrove sites, with the main predictor of recovery time being the degree of canopy loss. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the resistance of mangrove canopy cover to cyclone disturbance is variably tuned to the cyclone regime and vegetation characteristics, but resilience is inherent to the magnitude of canopy damage because the rate of forest canopy recovery appears to be consistent globally.

The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees - Tse‐Yen Liu; Chao‐Han Chen; Yu‐Liang Yang; Isheng J. Tsai; Ying‐Ning Ho; Chia‐Lin Chung (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Summary Brown root rot (BRR) caused by Phellinus noxius is a destructive tree disease in tropical and subtropical areas. To understand how BRR affects the composition of the plant rhizoplane‐enriched microbiota, the microbiomes within five root‐associated compartments (i.e., bulk soil, old/young root rhizosphere soil, old/young root tissue) of Ficus trees naturally infected by P. noxius were investigated. The level of P. noxius infection was determined by quantitative PCR. Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and 16S rRNA revealed that P. noxius infection caused a significant reduction in fungal diversity in the bulk soil, the old root rhizosphere soil, and the old root tissue. Interestingly, Cosmospora was the only fungal genus positively correlated with P. noxius . The abundance and composition of dominant bacterial taxa such as Actinomadura , Bacillus , Rhodoplanes , and Streptomyces differed between BRR‐diseased and healthy samples. Furthermore, 838 isolates belonging to 26 fungal and 35 bacterial genera were isolated and tested for interactions with P. noxius . Antagonistic activities were observed for isolates of Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Trichoderma . Cellophane overlay and cellulose/lignin utilization assays suggested that Cosmospora could tolerate the secretions of P. noxius and that the degradation of lignin by P. noxius may create suitable conditions for Cosmorpora growth.

Observations of Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations and Particle Size Distributions within a Macrotidal Estuary (Port Curtis Estuary, Australia) - Ryan J. K. Dunn; Jordan Glen; Hsin-Hui Lin; Sasha Zigic (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021)
An understanding of suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics is of great importance to design awareness and management strategies of estuaries. Using a Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissiometry (LISST) instrument, variations in suspended particle size volumetric concentrations (VC) and particle size distributions (PSD) were measured at six sites within Port Curtis estuary (Australia). The port is a macrotidal estuary with significant economic and environmental importance. Observed VC and SPM sizes demonstrated spatial and temporal trends strongly controlled by the variable energy conditions operating on the neap and spring cycle timescale, with a clear trend towards increasing concentrations and decreasing SPM sizes with increasing tidal ranges. Mid-estuary sites were characterized by the greatest depth-averaged VC under transitional and spring conditions. Estuary-wide mean spring tide total water profile concentrations revealed a near 300% increase in comparison to neap tide condition concentrations. In the upper-estuary sites the mean contribution of the combined 2.5–35 µm size classes to the total profile PSDs was greatest during all tidal conditions, whilst within the lower-estuary site the combined 35–130 µm size classes were greatest. Mean contributions of the largest size class (300–500 µm) dominated surface-waters throughout the estuary during the neap tide period, which when compared with the transitional and spring tide conditions, demonstrated changes of −82% to −48% and −82% to −40%, respectively. Overall, the results from this case study provides further evidence of the important influence of neap and spring tidal regimes on SPM dynamics within estuarine settings and the need to observe parameter dynamics on such timescales.

Genetic dissection of a pericentromeric region of barley chromosome 6H associated with Fusarium head blight resistance, grain protein content and agronomic traits - Yadong Huang; Lu Yin; Ahmad H. Sallam; Shane Heinen; Lin Li; Karen Beaubien; Ruth Dill-Macky; Yanhong Dong; Brian J. Steffenson; Kevin P. Smith; Gary J. Muehlbauer (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021)

Prevalence and Implications of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Settled Dust - Tina Savvaides; Jeremy P. Koelmel; Yakun Zhou; Elizabeth Z. Lin; Paul Stelben; Juan J. Aristizabal-Henao; John A. Bowden; Krystal J. Godri Pollitt (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2021)

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2021)

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2021)

Development of microsatellite markers for Diaphanosoma dubium (Crustacea, Cladocera) and application to seasonal population dynamics - Ping Liu; Shao-Lin Xu; Jian Liao; Henri J. Dumont; Bo-Ping Han (Aquatic Ecology, 2021)

Recovery from hybrid breakdown reveals a complex genetic architecture of mitonuclear incompatibilities - Ricardo J. Pereira; Thiago G. Lima; N. Tessa Pierce‐Ward; Lin Chao; Ronald S. Burton (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Reproductive isolation is often achieved when genes that are neutral or beneficial in their genomic background become functionally incompatible in a foreign genomic background, causing inviability, sterility or other forms of low fitness in hybrids. Recent studies suggest that mitonuclear interactions are among the initial incompatibilities to evolve at early stages of population divergence across taxa. Yet, the genomic architecture of mitonuclear incompatibilities has rarely been elucidated. We employ an experimental evolution approach starting with low‐fitness F 2 interpopulation hybrids of the copepod Tigriopus californicus , in which frequencies of compatible and incompatible nuclear alleles change in response to an alternative mitochondrial background. After about nine generations, we observe a generalized increase in population size and in survivorship, suggesting efficiency of selection against maladaptive phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing of evolved populations showed some consistent allele frequency changes across three replicates of each reciprocal cross, but markedly different patterns between mitochondrial backgrounds. In only a few regions (~6.5% of the genome), the same parental allele was overrepresented irrespective of the mitochondrial background. About 33% of the genome showed allele frequency changes consistent with divergent selection, with the location of these genomic regions strongly differing between mitochondrial backgrounds. In 87% and 89% of these genomic regions, the dominant nuclear allele matched the associated mitochondrial background, consistent with mitonuclear co‐adaptation. These results suggest that mitonuclear incompatibilities have a complex polygenic architecture that differs between populations, potentially generating genome‐wide barriers to gene flow between closely related taxa.

Petrological and isotopic data from Eocene granites in the Luocang area, South Lhasa terrane, Tibet: implications for the India–Eurasia collision - J.-G. Gao; F. Ding; J.-Q. Lin; Q.-H. Zhu; Y. Sun; X.-G. Xie (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2021)

Plant traits determining biogeomorphic landscape dynamics: A study on clonal expansion strategies driving cliff formation at marsh edges - Haobing Cao; Zhenchang Zhu; Peter M.J. Herman; Stijn Temmerman; Jaco de Smit; Liquan Zhang; Lin Yuan; Tjeerd J. Bouma (Limnology and Oceanography, 2021)
Despite the well‐recognized importance of plant traits for biogeomorphic development of landscapes, our understanding remains limited of how species‐specific plant traits respond to and serve as drivers for the sedimentary dynamics within a biogeomorphic landscape. By manipulating a series of laboratory experiments, using mesocosms and a flume, we examined how species‐specific differences in expansion strategy, i.e., clonal step‐length of laterally expanding tillers, both respond to sediment type and drive cliff formation and persistence. We compared three marsh species, with contrasting clonal expansion traits, that are dominant in many estuaries worldwide: Spartina anglica , Scirpus maritimus , and Phragmites australis . Our results revealed that S. anglica tussocks tend to have high shoot density due to a short clonal expansion step‐length, whereas S. maritimus tussocks were much more diffuse and tend to have a longer clonal expansion step‐length. P. australis showed intermediate traits. Clonal expansion step‐length did show within‐species variation in response to sediment texture, but species‐specific differences remained the most important. Species with smaller clonal step‐lengths, such as S. anglica in this study, are more likely to induce cliffs at the marsh edge by driving formation of larger cliff heights and also having lower capacity to grow out from cliffs. Our findings thus illustrate how dynamic landscape features like cliffs at marsh edges depend on the clonal expansion traits of the dominant species. This enhances current understanding of the formation and development of marsh edges, and is instructive for understanding the role of species‐specific traits in driving distinct biogeomorphic landscape dynamics.

Global assessment of marine and freshwater recreational fish reveals mismatch in climate change vulnerability and conservation effort - Elizabeth A. Nyboer; Hsien‐Yung Lin; Joseph R. Bennett; Joseph Gabriel; William Twardek; Auston D. Chhor; Lindsay Daly; Sarah Dolson; Eric Guitard; Peter Holder; Christina M. Mozzon; Alexandria Trahan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Recreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well‐being of coastal and riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how climate change will impact key recreational species; however, the absence of a global assessment hinders both directed and widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present the first global climate change vulnerability assessment of recreationally targeted fish species from marine and freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use climate change projections and data on species’ physiological and ecological traits to quantify and map global climate vulnerability and analyze these patterns alongside the indices of socioeconomic value and conservation effort to determine where efforts are sufficient and where they might fall short. We found that over 20% of recreationally targeted fishes are vulnerable to climate change under a high emission scenario. Overall, marine fishes had the highest number of vulnerable species, concentrated in regions with sensitive habitat types (e.g., coral reefs). However, freshwater fishes had higher proportions of species at risk from climate change, with concentrations in northern Europe, Australia, and southern Africa. Mismatches in conservation effort and vulnerability were found within all regions and life‐history groups. A key pattern was that current conservation effort focused primarily on marine fishes of high socioeconomic value rather than on the freshwater and diadromous fishes that were predicted to be proportionately more vulnerable. While several marine regions were notably lacking in protection (e.g., Caribbean Sea, Banda Sea), only 19% of vulnerable marine species were without conservation effort. By contrast, 72% of freshwater fishes and 33% of diadromous fishes had no measures in place, despite their high vulnerability and cultural value. The spatial and taxonomic analyses presented here provide guidance for the future conservation and management of recreational fisheries as climate change progresses.

Assessing tree height and density of a young forest using a consumer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) - Zhenbang Hao; Lili Lin; Christopher J. Post; Yusen Jiang; Minghui Li; Nibin Wei; Kunyong Yu; Jian Liu (New Forests, 2021)

Correction to: Latest Miocene restriction of the Mediterranean Outflow Water: a perspective from the Gulf of Cádiz - Zhi Lin Ng; F. Javier Hernández-Molina; Débora Duarte; Francisco J. Sierro; Santiago Ledesma; Michael Rogerson; Estefanía Llave; Cristina Roque; M. Amine Manar (Geo-Marine Letters, 2021)

Individual Microcystis colonies harbour distinct bacterial communities that differ by Microcystis oligotype and with time - Derek J. Smith; James Y. Tan; McKenzie A. Powers; Xiaoxia N. Lin; Timothy W. Davis; Gregory J. Dick (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)

Legal Issues for Artificial Floating Islands - Maarten M. B. Flikkema; Fen-Yu (Vicky) Lin; Pernille P. J. van der Plank; Jos Koning; Olaf Waals (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Developments of multi-use floating islands are accelerated by an increase in offshore activities and pressing needs to create extra space in coastal regions for the surging population. The Horizon 2020 EU funded research project Space@Sea developed a modular floating island concept for offshore multi-use applications and examined current legal issues and barriers concerning its development. In this paper a floating island is defined to be “an artificially created floater, or set of connected floaters, moored to the seabed of which the topside can be used for activities similar to activities on land”. This paper aims to delve into governance issues like the assignment of authority on a multi-use floating island and the shift from regulating offshore living for working purposes to living purposes, as well as maritime law and property law (using the Netherlands as case study). Within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) a coastal state can establish, locate, and govern the floating island. For the high seas the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the most probable organization to initiate a discussion on settlement of floating islands. For each activity on the floating island, limiting criteria regarding motions as well as safety rules and regulations need to be established. Industry and housing will have completely different requirements regarding safety which will not be possible to fit in a one size fits all regulation. This case study shows that current Dutch property law prohibit the division of ownership of buildings built on floating objects. They can only be owned together as one object. For urban expansion, future inhabitants will want to have the possibility to buy property, requiring an amendment of current property law. It is to be expected that other countries will have similar or additional governance challenges. The Space@Sea project has developed a technical solution for floating islands which have identified barriers for multi-use in the rules and regulations described in this paper. The paper urges the responsible institutions and stakeholders to take on their roles in overcoming these barriers.

Risk of two common glandular cell-type cancers (breast and colorectal cancers) in Chinese occupational chefs: a nationwide ecological study in Taiwan - Pei-Chen Lin; Chiung‑Yu Peng; Chih‑Hong Pan; Jui-Ying Lee; Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh; Yun-Shiuan Chuang; Robert J. Turesky; Chia-Fang Wu; Ming-Tsang Wu (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2021)

Hidden in plain sight: a molecular field survey of three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases in North-Western Europe shows co-infection is widespread - Annemarie Fejer Justesen; Beatrice Corsi; Andrea Ficke; Lorenz Hartl; Sarah Holdgate; Lise Nistrup Jørgensen; Morten Lillemo; Min Lin; Ian J. Mackay; Volker Mohler; Melanie Stadlmeier; Kar-Chun Tan; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021)
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields are commonly affected by foliar infection by fungal pathogens. Of these, three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases, septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), tan spot (TS) and septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Parastagonospora nodorum ( Pn ), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ( Ptr ) and Zymoseptoria tritici ( Zt ), respectively, induce major yield losses. Infection results in necrotic areas on the leaf, and it is often difficult to determine the underlying causative pathogen from visible symptoms alone, especially in mixed infections. Here, a regional survey of 330 wheat samples collected across three seasons (years 2015–2017) from four north-west European countries was undertaken. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays specific for each pathogen, as well as disease assessment of leaf materials, distinct regional differences were identified. Two-thirds (65%) of all samples harbored at least two of the three pathogens. Norway had high SNB abundance, but also showed mixed infections of SNB, TS and STB. In Germany, TS was prevalent, with STB also common. Danish samples commonly possessed all three pathogens, with STB prevalent, followed by TS and SNB. The UK had a major prevalence of STB with minimal occurrence of TS and SNB. Across all samples, qPCR identified Zt , Pn and Ptr in 90%, 54% and 57% of samples, respectively. For each pathogen, average disease levels via visual assessment showed modest positive correlation with fungal DNA concentrations (R 2 = 0.13–0.32). Overall, our study highlights that the occurrence of mixed infection is common and widespread, with important implications for wheat disease management and breeding strategies.

Association between population density and infection rate suggests the importance of social distancing and travel restriction in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic - Heliang Yin; Tong Sun; Lan Yao; Yan Jiao; Li Ma; Lin Lin; J Carolyn Graff; Lotfi Aleya; Arnold Postlethwaite; Weikuan Gu; Hong Chen (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Photo-movement of coral larvae influences vertical positioning in the ocean - Aziz J. Mulla; Che-Hung Lin; Shunichi Takahashi; Yoko Nozawa (Coral Reefs, 2021)

The onset of secondary seed dispersal is controlled by germination‐features: A neglected process in sudden saltmarsh establishment - Zhiyuan Zhao; Liquan Zhang; Xiuzhen Li; Lin Yuan; Tjeerd J. Bouma (Limnology and Oceanography, 2021)
Effective seed dispersal is critical for enabling rapid state shift from a bare tidal flat to a vegetated marsh. While tidal currents are the main dispersal vector in coastal environments, biological characteristics that keep seeds afloat have been shown to influence primary seed dispersal, i.e., seed departure from the parent plant. In contrast, secondary seed dispersal processes that move (germinated) seeds trapped within microsites have been largely neglected. Here, we explore the extent to which the coupling between biotic traits and abiotic factors affects secondary seed dispersal, and whether secondary seed dispersal may explain sudden saltmarsh establishment (i.e., rapid colonization of bare tidal flat by large numbers of seedlings in spring). We used two widely spread pioneer species: Scripus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora . Combined flume and field results demonstrated that: (1) germination stage, current velocity, and sedimentary regime have a marked effect on the probability of secondary seed dispersal by influencing the threshold lift‐off velocity of (germinated) seeds within microsites; (2) density and bud length are critical biotic traits that best predict the potential of secondary‐dispersal onset after seed germination; (3) S. alterniflora possess a stronger secondary dispersal ability compared to S. mariqueter ; and (4) secondary dispersal of germinated seeds in spring may explain observed sudden marsh establishment on bare tidal flats. Our findings provide novel insight relevant to understanding the drivers of seed dispersal and thereby sudden saltmarsh establishment events, with important implications for understanding the effects of climate change on critical state transitions and enabling human‐aided restoration.