Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer survival - Kana Wu; Mike Z. Zhai; Erin K. Weltzien; Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano; Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt; Edward Giovannucci; Bette J. Caan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Distribution of dissolved iron and bacteria producing the photoactive siderophore, vibrioferrin, in waters off Southern California and Northern Baja - Kyoko Yarimizu; Ricardo Cruz-López; Ernesto García-Mendoza; Matthew Edwards; Melissa L. Carter; Carl J. Carrano (BioMetals, 2019)

Less is more: lemurs (Eulemur spp.) may benefit from loss of trichromatic vision - Rachel L. Jacobs; Carrie C. Veilleux; Edward E. Louis; James P. Herrera; Chihiro Hiramatsu; David C. Frankel; Mitchell T. Irwin; Amanda D. Melin; Brenda J. Bradley (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2019)

Understanding the evolving phenotype of vascular complications in telomere biology disorders - Cecilia Higgs; Yanick J. Crow; Denise M. Adams; Emmanuel Chang; Don Hayes; Utz Herbig; James N. Huang; Ryan Himes; Kunal Jajoo; F. Brad Johnson; Susan D. Reynolds; Yoshihiro Yonekawa; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2019)

Identification of a metallothionein gene in honey bee Apis mellifera and its expression profile in response to Cd, Cu and Pb exposure - Jelena Purać; Tatjana V. Nikolić; Danijela Kojić; Anđelka S. Ćelić; Jovana J. Plavša; Duško P. Blagojević; Edward T. Petri (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Metallothioneins are ubiquitous proteins important in metal homeostasis and detoxification. However, they have not previously been identified in honey bees or other Hymenoptera, where metallothioneins could be of ecophysiological and ecotoxicological significance. Better understanding of the molecular responses to stress induced by toxic metals could contribute to honey bee conservation. In addition, honey bee metallothionein could represent a biomarker for monitoring environmental quality. Here we identify and characterize a metallothionein gene in Apis mellifera ( AmMT ). AmMT is 1,680 bp long and encodes a 48 amino acids protein with 15 cysteines and no aromatic residues. A metal response element upstream of the start codon, coupled with numerous cis ‐regulatory elements indicate the functional context of AmMT. Molecular modelling predicts several transition metal binding sites, and comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed five putative metallothionein proteins in three other hymenoptera species. AmMT was characterized by cloning the full‐length coding sequence of the putative metallothionein. Recombinant AmMT was found to increase metal tolerance upon overexpression in Escherichia coli supplemented with Cd, Cu or Pb. Finally, in laboratory tests on honey bees, gene expression profiles showed a dose‐dependant relationship between Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations present in food and AmMT expression, while field experiments showed induction of AmMT in bees from an industrial site compared to those from an urban area. These studies suggest that AmMT has metal binding properties in agreement with a possible role in metal homeostasis. Further functional and structural characterization of metallothionein in honey bees and other Hymenoptera are necessary.

Contrasting genetic structure of sympatric congeneric gastropods: Do differences in habitat preference, abundance and distribution matter? - Edward J. G. Wort; Mark A. Chapman; Stephen J. Hawkins; Lucy Henshall; Alfonso Pita; Marc Rius; Suzanne T. Williams; Phillip B. Fenberg (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim The relationship of population genetics with the ecology and biogeography of species may be explored by comparing phenotypically similar but ecologically different congeners with overlapping ranges. We compared genetic differentiation between two congeneric rocky intertidal gastropods across a major portion of their sympatric range. We hypothesized that the habitat generalist with high abundance and continuous distribution would exhibit comparatively less genetic differentiation than the habitat specialist with low abundance and a fragmented distribution. Location North‐east Atlantic from the north‐west Iberian Peninsula to southern British coastline. Taxon Gastropoda, Trochidae, Steromphala (formerly Gibbula ). Methods Field surveys were conducted to assess the presence/absence and the abundance of Steromphala umbilicalis (generalist) and S. pennanti (specialist) at 23 localities along ~1,800 km coastline. We isolated polymorphic microsatellite markers for both species (seven loci for S. umbilicalis and eight for S. pennanti ) and used these to genotype 187 S. umbilicalis and 157 S. pennanti individuals. We used standard population genetic analyses to compare patterns of genetic differentiation between species in relation to the field surveys. Results Steromphala pennanti showed a more fragmented distribution, significantly lower abundance, and greater genetic differentiation than S. umbilicalis . One S. umbilicalis population towards the north of the range (southern Britain) was genetically distinct from all other sampled populations. Steromphala pennanti showed greater genetic differentiation between three southern localities, which may be attributable to its fragmented distribution and lower abundance because of limited availability of its preferred fucoid habitat in this region. We also suggest that oceanographic currents could be associated with regional genetic structure. Main conclusions The habitat generalist showed high‐local abundances, continuous distribution and low regional genetic differentiation. We found the opposite pattern for the habitat specialist. Our study highlights the importance of considering ecological (e.g. abundance, habitat preferences) and abiotic variables (e.g. ocean currents and temperature) for understanding differences in genetic structure of sympatrically distributed congeners.

Impacts of tropical forest disturbance on species vital rates - Cindy C.P. Cosset; James J. Gilroy; David P. Edwards (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Tropical forests are experiencing enormous threats from deforestation and habitat degradation. Much knowledge of the impacts of these land‐use changes on tropical species comes from studies examining patterns of richness and abundance. Demographic vital rates (survival, reproduction, and movement) can also be affected by land‐use change in a way that increases species vulnerability to extirpation, but in many cases these impacts may not be manifested in short‐term changes in abundance or species richness. We conducted a literature review to assess current knowledge and research effort concerning how land‐use change affects species vital rates in tropical forest vertebrates. We found a general paucity of empirical research on demography across taxa and regions, with some biases toward mammals and birds and land‐use transitions, including fragmentation and agriculture. There is also considerable between‐species variation in demographic responses to land‐use change, which could reflect trait‐based differences in species sensitivity, complex context dependencies (e.g., between‐region variation), or inconsistency in methods used in studies. Efforts to improve understanding of anthropogenic impacts on species demography are underway, but there is a need for increased research effort to fill knowledge gaps in understudied tropical regions and taxa. The lack of information on demographic impacts of anthropogenic disturbance makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions about the magnitude of threats to tropical ecosystems under anthropogenic pressures. Thus, determining conservation priorities and improving conservation effectiveness remains a challenge.

Spatial Subsidies and Mortality of an Estuarine Copepod Revealed Using a Box Model - Wim J. Kimmerer; Edward S. Gross; Anne M. Slaughter; John R. Durand (Estuaries and Coasts, 2019)

Modelling glacial lake outburst flood impacts in the Bolivian Andes - Ioannis Kougkoulos; Simon J. Cook; Laura A. Edwards; Leon J. Clarke; Elias Symeonakis; Jason M. Dortch; Kathleen Nesbitt (Natural Hazards, 2018)

Decline in Ecosystem δ13C and Mid-Successional Nitrogen Loss in a Two-Century Postglacial Chronosequence - Edward T. Malone; Benjamin W. Abbott; Megan J. Klaar; Chris Kidd; Mathieu Sebilo; Alexander M. Milner; Gilles Pinay (Ecosystems, 2018)

Spatial distribution bias in subject-specific abnormalities analyses - Andrew B. Dodd; Josef M. Ling; Edward J. Bedrick; Timothy B. Meier; Andrew R. Mayer (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Ferric pyrophosphate citrate: interactions with transferrin - Raymond Pratt; Garry J. Handelman; Thomas E. Edwards; Ajay Gupta (BioMetals, 2018)

Genome variations between rhizosphere and bulk soil ecotypes of a Pseudomonas koreensis population - Lucas Dantas Lopes; Michele de C. Pereira e Silva; Alexandra J. Weisberg; Edward W. Davis; Qing Yan; Camila de S. Varize; Chih‐Feng Wu; Jeff H. Chang; Joyce E. Loper; Fernando D. Andreote (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary Bulk soil and rhizosphere are soil compartments selecting different microbial communities. However, it is unknown whether this selection also can change the genome content of specific bacterial taxa, splitting a population in distinct ecotypes. To answer this question we compared the genome sequences of 53 isolates obtained from sugarcane rhizosphere (28) and bulk soil (25). These isolates were previously classified in the Pseudomonas koreensis subgroup of the P. fluorescens complex. Phylogenomics showed a trend of separation between bulk soil and rhizosphere isolates. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) identified differences in the accessory genome of rhizosphere and bulk soil sub‐populations. We found significant changes in gene frequencies distinguishing rhizosphere from bulk soil ecotypes, for example, enrichment of phosphatases and xylose utilization ( xut ) genes, respectively. Phenotypic assays and deletion of xutA gene indicated that accumulation of xut genes in the bulk soil sub‐population provided a higher growth capacity in a d ‐xylose medium, supporting the corresponding genomic differences. Despite the clear differences distinguishing the two ecotypes, all 53 isolates were classified in a single 16S rRNA gene OTU. Collectively, our results revealed that the gene pool and ecological behavior of a bacterial population can be different for ecotypes living in neighbouring soil habitats.

Bending the rules: exploitation of allochthonous resources by a top‐predator modifies size‐abundance scaling in stream food webs - Daniel M. Perkins; Isabelle Durance; Francois K. Edwards; Jonathan Grey; Alan G. Hildrew; Michelle Jackson; J. Iwan Jones; Rasmus B. Lauridsen; Katrin Layer‐Dobra; Murray S. A. Thompson; Guy Woodward (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Body mass–abundance ( M‐N ) allometries provide a key measure of community structure, and deviations from scaling predictions could reveal how cross‐ecosystem subsidies alter food webs. For 31 streams across the UK, we tested the hypothesis that linear log‐log M‐N scaling is shallower than that predicted by allometric scaling theory when top predators have access to allochthonous prey. These streams all contained a common and widespread top predator (brown trout) that regularly feeds on terrestrial prey and, as hypothesised, deviations from predicted scaling increased with its dominance of the fish assemblage. Our study identifies a key beneficiary of cross‐ecosystem subsidies at the top of stream food webs and elucidates how these inputs can reshape the size‐structure of these ‘open’ systems.

Pragmatic criteria to define chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among adults with cystic fibrosis - Zhe Hui Hoo; Elizabeth Coates; Chin Maguire; Hannah Cantrill; Nadia Shafi; Edward F. Nash; Angela McGowan; Stephen J. Bourke; William G. Flight; Thomas V. Daniels; Julia A. Nightingale; Mark I. Allenby; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2018)

Bioassays on the role of tomato, potato and sweet pepper as sources of Tomato chlorosis virus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 - T. Mituti; J. P. Edwards Molina; J. A. M. Rezende (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2018)

Abundance and Distribution of Reef-Associated Fishes Around Small Oil and Gas Platforms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico’s Hypoxic Zone - David B. Reeves; Edward J. Chesney; Ryan T. Munnelly; Donald M. Baltz; Brian D. Marx (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Benign gynecologic conditions are associated with ovarian cancer risk in African-American women: a case–control study - Hyo K. Park; Joellen M. Schildkraut; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Sydnee Crankshaw; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Paul Terry; Frances Wang; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Modeling marine pelagic fish species spatiotemporal distributions utilizing a maximum entropy approach - Lifei Wang; Lisa A. Kerr; Nicholas R. Record; Eric Bridger; Benjamin Tupper; Katherine E. Mills; Edward M. Armstrong; Andrew J. Pershing (Fisheries Oceanography, 2018)
Understanding how ocean conditions influence fish distributions is critical for elucidating the role of climate in ecosystem change and forecasting how fish may be distributed in the future. Traditional species distribution models are often applied to scientific‐survey data, which include species presence‐absence information, to predict distributions. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are promising tools as they can be applied to presence‐only data (e.g., data collected from fishermen targeting a specific species or from observers in citizen‐science programs). We used MaxEnt models to relate occurrence records of three marine pelagic fish (Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, and butterfish) in fishery‐dependent data to environmental conditions (sea surface temperature ( SST ) and chlorophyll‐ a concentration from satellite remote sensing, bathymetry, and climate indices), and evaluated model performance by both cross‐validation and validation using fishery‐independent data. We developed monthly habitat suitability maps for these fish in the Northwest Atlantic Shelf area, and assessed the relative influence of environmental factors on their distributions. Across months, their suitable habitat areas varied with each species exhibiting inshore‐offshore and north‐south movements in response to changing environmental conditions. Overall, SST and chlorophyll‐ a concentration had the greatest influence on the distributions of these fish, with bathymetry having moderate influence and climate indices having little influence. Our application of MaxEnt models enabled us to integrate presence‐only data and high resolution environmental data from satellite remote sensing to describe spatiotemporal distributions of marine pelagic fish. These models were used to hindcast species occurrence in relation to historical environmental conditions to evaluate their predictive performance, and have the potential to provide nowcasts in relation to current conditions or forecasts of species future distributions.

Mapping of novel salt tolerance QTL in an Excalibur × Kukri doubled haploid wheat population - Muhammad A. Asif; Rhiannon K. Schilling; Joanne Tilbrook; Chris Brien; Kate Dowling; Huwaida Rabie; Laura Short; Christine Trittermann; Alexandre Garcia; Edward G. Barrett-Lennard; Bettina Berger; Diane E. Mather; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018)
Key message Novel QTL for salinity tolerance traits have been detected using non-destructive and destructive phenotyping in bread wheat and were shown to be linked to improvements in yield in saline fields. Abstract Soil salinity is a major limitation to cereal production. Breeding new salt-tolerant cultivars has the potential to improve cereal crop yields. In this study, a doubled haploid bread wheat mapping population, derived from the bi-parental cross of Excalibur × Kukri, was grown in a glasshouse under control and salinity treatments and evaluated using high-throughput non-destructive imaging technology. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this population detected multiple QTL under salt and control treatments. Of these, six QTL were detected in the salt treatment including one for maintenance of shoot growth under salinity ( QG (1 – 5) .asl - 7A ), one for leaf Na + exclusion ( QNa.asl - 7A ) and four for leaf K + accumulation ( QK.asl - 2B.1 , QK.asl - 2B.2 , QK.asl - 5A and QK:Na.asl - 6A ). The beneficial allele for QG (1 – 5) .asl - 7A (the maintenance of shoot growth under salinity) was present in six out of 44 mainly Australian bread and durum wheat cultivars. The effect of each QTL allele on grain yield was tested in a range of salinity concentrations at three field sites across 2 years. In six out of nine field trials with different levels of salinity stress, lines with alleles for Na + exclusion and/or K + maintenance at three QTL ( QNa.asl - 7A , QK.asl - 2B.2 and QK:Na.asl - 6A ) excluded more Na + or accumulated more K + compared to lines without these alleles. Importantly, the QK.asl - 2B.2 allele for higher K + accumulation was found to be associated with higher grain yield at all field sites. Several alleles at other QTL were associated with higher grain yields at selected field sites.

Does sowing an oats catch crop reduce nitrate leaching from urine deposition following simulated winter forage grazing? - a growth chamber experiment - P. L. Carey; K. C. Cameron; H. J. Di; G. R. Edwards (Plant and Soil, 2018)

Significance of the intraindividual variability of HLA IgG antibodies in renal disease patients observed with different beadsets monitored with two different secondary antibodies on a Luminex platform - Mepur H. Ravindranath; Edward J. Filippone; Grace Mahowald; Carly Callender; Adarsh Babu; Susan Saidman; Soldano Ferrone (Immunologic Research, 2018)

Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins with 30 years of discordant exercise habits - Katherine E. Bathgate; James R. Bagley; Edward Jo; Robert J. Talmadge; Irene S. Tobias; Lee E. Brown; Jared W. Coburn; Jose A. Arevalo; Nancy L. Segal; Andrew J. Galpin (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)

High‐resolution reconstruction of 8.2‐ka BP event documented in Père Noël cave, southern Belgium - M. Allan; N. Fagel; H. J. L. van der Lubbe; H. B. Vonhof; H. Cheng; R. Lawrence Edwards; S. Verheyden (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2018)
A distinct shift in δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace element contents of the Père Noël (PN) stalagmite from southern Belgium revealed an abrupt climatic anomaly at 8.13 ± 0.03 ka BP (before present = before 1950 AD). This anomaly is characterized by a maximum drop in the δ 18 O (−1.4‰ compared the mean) between 8.13 and 8.10 ka BP (±0.03). This drop of δ 18 O coincides with a decrease in δ 13 C and trace element (Sr, Ba and Mg) concentrations suggesting drier conditions. Our precise chronology provides the timing of the outburst of proglacial lakes Agassiz and Ojibway that caused the δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace elemental anomalies at 8.13–8.10 ± 0.03 ka BP, which corresponds to the 8.2‐ka BP event. The PN stalagmite bears δ 18 O values in fluid inclusions that covary with the δ 18 O values in calcite, suggesting that the speleothem calcite δ 18 O primarily reflects variations in the rainfall δ 18 O. Comparison of the PN record with different marine and terrestrial archives during the 8.2‐ka BP event shows a good agreement in timing and duration, suggesting that the PN speleothem can be regarded as a valuable proxy to better understand the 8.2‐ka BP event.

Contemporary and emerging fisheries in The Bahamas—Conservation and management challenges, achievements and future directions - Krista D. Sherman; Aaron D. Shultz; Craig P. Dahlgren; Claire Thomas; Edward Brooks; Annabelle Brooks; Daniel R. Brumbaugh; Lester Gittens; Karen J. Murchie (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2018)
The harvest of marine resources has long‐standing cultural and economic importance to The Bahamas and other small island developing states. Tourists and residents place a demand on local marine resources, particularly Caribbean spiny lobster , Panulirus argus (Latreille), queen conch, Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus) and Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (Bloch), and many fishery products are also sold on the global market. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing coupled with inadequate regulations and enforcement are the main factors contributing to the decline of Bahamian fisheries along with other anthropogenic impacts. This article reviews the status of fisheries management in The Bahamas using economically and ecologically important species as case studies to highlight conservation successes, knowledge gaps and deficiencies in existing management approaches. The review concludes with an examination of how emerging fisheries and improved conservation management strategies have the potential to improve economic and food security throughout the archipelago.

The Influence of Riverine Nutrients in Niche Partitioning of Phytoplankton Communities–A Contrast Between the Amazon River Plume and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Diluted Water of the East China Sea - Helga do Rosario Gomes; Qian Xu; Joji Ishizaka; Edward J. Carpenter; Patricia L. Yager; Joaquim I. Goes (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework - Amber Himes-Cornell; Carlos Ormond; Kristin Hoelting; Natalie C. Ban; J. Zachary Koehn; Edward H. Allison; Eric C. Larson; Daniel H. Monson; Henry P. Huntington; Thomas A. Okey (Coastal Management, 2018)

Cereal cultivation as a correlate of high social status in medieval Iceland - Scott Riddell; Egill Erlendsson; Guðrún Gísladóttir; Kevin J. Edwards; Jesse Byock; Davide Zori (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2018)

Colorectal and cardiovascular effects of [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) in anesthetized macaques - Nadia M. J. Rupniak; Mary Katofiasc; Edward C. Burgard; Karl B. Thor (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2018)

Frictional and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flow in Triangle and Hexagon Channels of Wall-Flow Monoliths - Wen Wang; Edward J. Bissett (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2018)

Variation in coral-associated cryptofaunal communities across spatial scales and environmental gradients - Chelsie W. W. Counsell; Megan J. Donahue; Kyle F. Edwards; Erik C. Franklin; Mark A. Hixon (Coral Reefs, 2018)

Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires - Xanthe J. Walker; Brendan M. Rogers; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Steven G. Cumming; Nicola J. Day; Scott J. Goetz; Jill F. Johnstone; Edward A. G. Schuur; Merritt R. Turetsky; Michelle C. Mack (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana ) or jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) of the Northwest Territories ( NWT ), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer ( SOL ) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35 kg C m −2 was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3 Tg C emitted from 2.85 Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine‐scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries - Robert L. Stephenson; Stacey Paul; Melanie Wiber; Eric Angel; Ashleen J. Benson; Anthony Charles; Omer Chouinard; Marc Clemens; Dan Edwards; Paul Foley; Lindsay Jennings; Owen Jones; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Fisheries sustainability is recognized to have four pillars: ecological, economic, social (including cultural) and institutional (or governance). Although international agreements, and legislation in many jurisdictions, call for implementation of all four pillars of sustainability, the social, economic and institutional aspects (i.e., the “human dimensions”) have not been comprehensively and collectively addressed to date. This study describes a framework for comprehensive fisheries evaluation developed by the Canadian Fisheries Research Network ( CFRN ) that articulates the full spectrum of ecological, economic, social and institutional objectives required under international agreements, together with candidate performance indicators for sustainable fisheries. The CFRN framework is aimed at practical fisheries evaluation and management and has a relatively balanced distribution of elements across the four pillars of sustainability relative to 10 alternative management decision support tools and indicator scorecards, which are heavily focused on ecological and economic aspects. The CFRN framework has five immediate uses: (a) It can serve as a logic frame for defining management objectives; (b) it can be used to define alternate management options to achieve given objectives; (c) it can serve as a tool for comparing management scenarios/options in decision support frameworks; (d) it can be employed to create a report card for comprehensive fisheries management evaluation; and (e) it is a tool for practical implementation of an integrated social–ecological system approach.

Critical comparison of molecular methods for detection and enumeration of the harmful algal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, in environmental water samples - Christopher R. Main; Dianne I. Greenfield; Cameron Doll; Yanfei Wang; Edward B. Whereat; Rebecca Mortensen; D. Tye Pettay; Kathryn J. Coyne (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018)

Temporal variation in abundance of leaf litter beetles and ants in an Australian lowland tropical rainforest is driven by climate and litter fall - Peter S. Grimbacher; Will Edwards; Michael J. Liddell; Paul N. Nelson; Cassandra Nichols; Carl W. Wardhaugh; Nigel E. Stork (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018)

The Servilia tomb: an architecturally and pictorially important Roman building - S. E. Jorge-Villar; I. Rodríguez Temiño; H. G. M. Edwards; A. Jiménez Hernández; J. I. Ruiz Cecilia; I. Miralles (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018)

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and patterning of developing renal blood vessels - Edward Daniel; D. Berfin Azizoglu; Anne R. Ryan; Tezin A. Walji; Christopher P. Chaney; Gabrielle I. Sutton; Thomas J. Carroll; Denise K. Marciano; Ondine Cleaver (Angiogenesis, 2018)

Co-Processed Excipients for Dispersible Tablets—Part 2: Patient Acceptability - Karolina Dziemidowicz; Felipe L. Lopez; Ben J. Bowles; Andrew J. Edwards; Terry B. Ernest; Mine Orlu; Catherine Tuleu (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

Co-Processed Excipients for Dispersible Tablets–Part 1: Manufacturability - Ben J. Bowles; Karolina Dziemidowicz; Felipe L. Lopez; Mine Orlu; Catherine Tuleu; Andrew J. Edwards; Terry B. Ernest (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

DNA Extraction Method Plays a Significant Role When Defining Bacterial Community Composition in the Marine Invertebrate Echinometra mathaei - Remi N. Ketchum; Edward G. Smith; Grace O. Vaughan; Britney L. Phippen; Dain McParland; Noura Al-Mansoori; Tyler J. Carrier; John A. Burt; Adam M. Reitzel (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Integrating Social Dimensions into Flood Cost Forecasting - Corinne J. Schuster-Wallace; Steven J. Murray; Edward A. McBean (Water Resources Management, 2018)

Anesthetic Isoflurane or Desflurane Plus Surgery Differently Affects Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mice - Huihui Miao; Yuanlin Dong; Yiying Zhang; Hui Zheng; Yuan Shen; Gregory Crosby; Deborah J. Culley; Edward R. Marcantonio; Zhongcong Xie (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

The DRD2 Taq1A A1 Allele May Magnify the Risk of Alzheimer’s in Aging African-Americans - Kenneth Blum; Rajendra D. Badgaiyan; Georgia M. Dunston; David Baron; Edward J. Modestino; Thomas McLaughlin; Bruce Steinberg; Mark S. Gold; Marjorie C. Gondré-Lewis (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Fine-scale movement and activity patterns of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) in the Bahamas - Oliver N. Shipley; Jacob W. Brownscombe; Andy J. Danylchuk; Steven J. Cooke; Owen R. O’Shea; Edward J. Brooks (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Rapid alterations to marine microbiota communities following an oil spill - Brad J. Gemmell; Hernando P. Bacosa; Ben O. Dickey; Colbi G. Gemmell; Lama R. Alqasemi; Edward J. Buskey (Ecotoxicology, 2018)

Greenland blocking index daily series 1851–2015: Analysis of changes in extremes and links with North Atlantic and UK climate variability and change - Edward Hanna; Richard J. Hall; Thomas E. Cropper; Thomas J. Ballinger; Leanne Wake; Thomas Mote; John Cappelen (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
We present a homogenized Greenland blocking index (GBI) daily record from 1851 to 2015, therefore significantly extending our previously published monthly/seasonal GBI analysis. This new time series is analysed for evidence of changes in extreme events, and we investigate the underlying thermodynamic and dynamic precursors. We compare occurrences and changes in extreme events between our GBI record and a recently published, temporally similar daily North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) series, and use this comparison to test dynamic meteorology hypotheses relating negative NAO to Greenland blocking. We also compare daily GBI changes and extreme events with long‐running indices of England and Wales temperature and precipitation, to assess potential downstream effects of Greenland blocking on UK extreme weather events and climate change. In this extended analysis we show that there have been sustained periods of positive GBI during 1870–1900 and from the late 1990s to present. A clustering of extreme high GBI events since 2000 is not consistently reflected by a similar grouping of extreme low NAO events. Case studies of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation changes linked with extreme high and low daily GBI episodes are used to shed light on potential linkages between Greenland blocking and jet‐stream changes. Particularly noteworthy is a clustering of extreme high GBI events during mid‐October in 4 out of 5 years during 2002–2006, which we investigate from both cryospheric and dynamic meteorology perspectives. Supporting evidence suggests that these autumn extreme GBI episodes may have been influenced by regional sea‐ice anomalies off west Greenland but were probably largely forced by increases in Rossby‐wave train activity originating from the tropical Pacific. However, more generally our results indicate that high GBI winter anomalies are co‐located with sea‐ice anomalies, while there seems to be minimal influence of sea‐ice anomalies on the recent significant increase in summer GBI.

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Integrating Dynamic Subsurface Habitat Metrics Into Species Distribution Models - Stephanie Brodie; Michael G. Jacox; Steven J. Bograd; Heather Welch; Heidi Dewar; Kylie L. Scales; Sara M. Maxwell; Dana M. Briscoe; Christopher A. Edwards; Larry B. Crowder; Rebecca L. Lewison; Elliott L. Hazen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Long-term grazing impacts on vegetation diversity, composition, and exotic species presence across an aridity gradient in northern temperate grasslands - Mark P. Lyseng; Edward W. Bork; Daniel B. Hewins; Mike J. Alexander; Cameron N. Carlyle; Scott X. Chang; Walter D. Willms (Plant Ecology, 2018)

Detecting early warning signals of tree mortality in boreal North America using multiscale satellite data - Brendan M. Rogers; Kylen Solvik; Edward H. Hogg; Junchang Ju; Jeffrey G. Masek; Michael Michaelian; Logan T. Berner; Scott J. Goetz (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Increasing tree mortality from global change drivers such as drought and biotic infestations is a widespread phenomenon, including in the boreal zone where climate changes and feedbacks to the Earth system are relatively large. Despite the importance for science and management communities, our ability to forecast tree mortality at landscape to continental scales is limited. However, two independent information streams have the potential to inform and improve mortality forecasts: repeat forest inventories and satellite remote sensing. Time series of tree‐level growth patterns indicate that productivity declines and related temporal dynamics often precede mortality years to decades before death. Plot‐level productivity, in turn, has been related to satellite‐based indices such as the Normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ). Here we link these two data sources to show that early warning signals of mortality are evident in several NDVI ‐based metrics up to 24 years before death. We focus on two repeat forest inventories and three NDVI products across western boreal North America where productivity and mortality dynamics are influenced by periodic drought. These data sources capture a range of forest conditions and spatial resolution to highlight the sensitivity and limitations of our approach. Overall, results indicate potential to use satellite NDVI for early warning signals of mortality. Relationships are broadly consistent across inventories, species, and spatial resolutions, although the utility of coarse‐scale imagery in the heterogeneous aspen parkland was limited. Longer‐term NDVI data and annually remeasured sites with high mortality levels generate the strongest signals, although we still found robust relationships at sites remeasured at a typical 5 year frequency. The approach and relationships developed here can be used as a basis for improving forest mortality models and monitoring systems.

Characterisation of ground motion recording stations in the Groningen gas field - Rik Noorlandt; Pauline P. Kruiver; Marco P. E. de Kleine; Marios Karaoulis; Ger de Lange; Antonio Di Matteo; Julius von Ketelhodt; Elmer Ruigrok; Benjamin Edwards; Adrian Rodriguez-Marek; Julian J. Bommer; Jan van Elk; et al. (Journal of Seismology, 2018)

Trophic niche dynamics of three nearshore benthic predators in The Bahamas - Oliver N. Shipley; Karen J. Murchie; Michael G. Frisk; Owen R. O’Shea; Maggie M. Winchester; Edward J. Brooks; Jessie Pearson; Michael Power (Hydrobiologia, 2018)

In situ swimming behaviors and oxygen consumption rates of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) - Ian A. Bouyoucos; Cory D. Suski; John W. Mandelman; Edward J. Brooks (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Characteristics and consequences of lava dome collapse at Ruawahia, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand - P. A. Ashwell; B. M. Kennedy; M. Edwards; J. W. Cole (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2018)

Air–Sea/Land Interaction in the Coastal Zone - Andrey A. Grachev; Laura S. Leo; Harindra J. S. Fernando; Christopher W. Fairall; Edward Creegan; Byron W. Blomquist; Adam J. Christman; Christopher M. Hocut (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2018)

Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake Mimophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) - Sara Ruane; Edward A. Myers; Kahmun Lo; Sara Yuen; Rachel S. Welt; Maya Juman; India Futterman; Ronald A. Nussbaum; Gregory Schneider; Frank T. Burbrink; Christopher J. Raxworthy (Systematics and Biodiversity, 2018)

Restoration of Cordgrass Salt Marshes: Limited Effects of Organic Matter Additions on Nitrogen Fixation - Jennifer L. Murphy; Katharyn E. Boyer; Edward J. Carpenter (Wetlands, 2018)

Complement receptor 1 gene (CR1) intragenic duplication and risk of Alzheimer’s disease - Ezgi Kucukkilic; Keeley Brookes; Imelda Barber; Tamar Guetta-Baranes; Kevin Morgan; Edward J. Hollox (Human Genetics, 2018)

Genetic differentiation, races and interracial admixture in avocado (Persea americana Mill.), and Persea spp. evaluated using SSR markers - Edward J. Boza; Cecile L. Tondo; Noris Ledesma; Richard J. Campbell; Jay Bost; Raymond J. Schnell; Osman A. Gutiérrez (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2018)

Environmental Stewardship: A Conceptual Review and Analytical Framework - Nathan J. Bennett; Tara S. Whitty; Elena Finkbeiner; Jeremy Pittman; Hannah Bassett; Stefan Gelcich; Edward H. Allison (Environmental Management, 2018)

An evaluation of Z-transform algorithms for identifying subject-specific abnormalities in neuroimaging data - Andrew R. Mayer; Andrew B. Dodd; Josef M. Ling; Christopher J. Wertz; Nicholas A. Shaff; Edward J. Bedrick; Carlo Viamonte (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

First evidence for crossbreeding between invasive Iguana iguana and the native rock iguana (Genus Cyclura) on Little Cayman Island - Jeanette B. Moss; Mark E. Welch; Frederic J. Burton; Michael V. Vallee; Edward W. Houlcroft; Tanja Laaser; Glenn P. Gerber (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2017 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Johannes Wittmann; Jens H. Kuhn; Dann Turner; Matthew B. Sullivan; Bas E. Dutilh; Ho Bin Jang; Leonardo J. van Zyl; Jochen Klumpp; Malgorzata Lobocka; Andrea I. Moreno Switt; Janis Rumnieks; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2018)

Selectivity underlies the dissociation between seasonal prey availability and prey consumption in a generalist predator - Thomas D. Whitney; Michael I. Sitvarin; Edward A. Roualdes; Simon J. Bonner; James D. Harwood (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Generalist predators are capable of selective foraging, but are predicted to feed in close proportion to prey availability to maximize energetic intake especially when overall prey availability is low. By extension, they are also expected to feed in a more frequency‐dependent manner during winter compared to the more favourable foraging conditions during spring, summer and fall seasons. For 18 months, we observed the foraging patterns of forest‐dwelling wolf spiders from the genus Schizocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) using PCR ‐based gut‐content analysis and simultaneously monitored the activity densities of two common prey: springtails (Collembola) and flies (Diptera). Rates of prey detection within spider guts relative to rates of prey collected in traps were estimated using Roualdes’ c st model and compared using various linear contrasts to make inferences pertaining to seasonal prey selectivity. Results indicated spiders foraged selectively over the course of the study, contrary to predictions derived from optimal foraging theory. Even during winter, with overall low prey densities, the relative rates of predation compared to available prey differed significantly over time and by prey group. Moreover, these spiders appeared to diversify their diets; the least abundant prey group was consistently overrepresented in the diet within a given season. We suggest that foraging in generalist predators is not necessarily restricted to frequency dependency during winter. In fact, foraging motives other than energy maximization, such as a more nutrient‐focused strategy, may also be optimal for generalist predators during prey‐scarce winters.

North Atlantic circulation indices: links with summer and winter UK temperature and precipitation and implications for seasonal forecasting - Richard J. Hall; Edward Hanna (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
UK seasonal mean temperature and precipitation conditions are extremely variable from one year to the next but in the last decade have featured several cool, wet summers and mild, wet winters interspersed with some notable cold winter episodes. Jet stream variability is a major determinant of these fluctuations and is often represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Recent work has shown some evidence of promising predictability in the winter NAO from 1 to 2 months ahead, while summer predictability remains very limited. Although the phase and magnitude of the NAO influences total UK rainfall, there are regional variations which it does not explain. Here we examine the relationship between UK regional summer and winter precipitation and temperature and a range of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation indices. While the NAO shows a significant relationship with temperature in both seasons and summer rainfall over most of the UK, the picture in winter is more complicated, with other circulation indices such as the East Atlantic pattern explaining rainfall anomalies in southern England. Other indices also show significant relationships with precipitation in regions where the NAO does not. Because UK weather is determined by the interplay between different circulation indices, attention should be given to developing seasonal forecasts of other circulation indices to complement the NAO forecasts. We also find that some potential drivers of jet stream variability are significantly associated with UK temperature and rainfall variability, particularly in summer. This provides further scope for producing seasonal forecasts based directly on these drivers. Improved seasonal forecasts will be useful to a range of end users in agriculture, energy supply, transport and insurance industries and can be extended to other UK weather variables such as extreme rainfall events and storm frequency, and related metrics such as wind power capacity and solar energy.

Regional forcing explains local species diversity and turnover on tropical islands - Thomas Ibanez; Gunnar Keppel; Cláudia Baider; Chris Birkinshaw; Heike Culmsee; Susan Cordell; F. B. Vincent Florens; Janet Franklin; Christian P. Giardina; Thomas W. Gillespie; Melinda Laidlaw; Creighton M. Litton; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim To determine the role of regional forcing on plot‐level species diversity and composition, and to quantify the relative importance of biogeographical and climatic factors in explaining woody plant diversity and composition at the local‐, island‐ and archipelago‐scale. Location Forty‐one tropical islands of the Indo‐Pacific region from Madagascar to Hawai‘i Island. Methods We analysed the diversity and composition of tropical woody plant communities located across 113 plots, 41 islands and 19 archipelagos. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to determine the role of regional forcing at the island and archipelago scale and to assess the relative importance of biogeographical (area and isolation of islands or archipelagos, geographical distance between plots) and climatic factors in explaining differences in local diversity and composition (species turnover). Analyses were conducted at different geographical scales (local, island and archipelago) and taxonomic levels (species, genus and family). Results Variation in local (plot‐level) diversity (as species density, the number of species per 100 woody plants) was primarily explained by island and archipelago identity. Maximum species density was positively correlated with the area of an island (or archipelago) and negatively correlated with the isolation of an archipelago. Local climatic variability was also a significant predictor of species density, but less important than regional forcing. Climate variables explained Main conclusions Regional forcing was the key driver of local diversity and composition on islands. Island area and archipelago isolation are likely driving local diversity through their effects on the pool of island species. Geographical distance between plots is the main factor explaining species turnover, while at higher taxonomic levels, climatic factors and niche conservatism are the main drivers.

“Think horizontally, act vertically”: the centenary (1916–2016) of pollen analysis and the legacy of Lennart von Post - Marie-José Gaillard; Björn E. Berglund; H. John B. Birks; Kevin J. Edwards; Felix Bittmann (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2018)

Pollen, women, war and other things: reflections on the history of palynology - Kevin J. Edwards (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2018)

Prospects for seasonal forecasting of iceberg distributions in the North Atlantic - Robert Marsh; Grant Bigg; Yifan Zhao; Matthew J. Martin; Jeffrey R. Blundell; Simon A. Josey; Edward Hanna; Vladimir Ivchenko (Natural Hazards, 2018)

TOX3 Variants Are Involved in Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson’s Disease with Opposite Effects - Sadaf Mohtashami; Qin He; Jennifer A. Ruskey; Sirui Zhou; Patrick A. Dion; Richard P. Allen; Christopher J. Earley; Edward A. Fon; Lan Xiong; Nicolas Dupre; Yves Dauvilliers; Guy A. Rouleau; et al. (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2018)

Glucosamine use and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort - Elizabeth D. Kantor; Christina C. Newton; Edward L. Giovannucci; Marjorie L. McCullough; Peter T. Campbell; Eric J. Jacobs (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Biosecurity tool-set: optimising quarantine zones for eradication through consideration of Australia’s success with plant pathogen eradications in horticulture - O. N. Villalta; M. Mebalds; J. Edwards (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2018)

Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration - Vincent E. J. Jassey; Monika K. Reczuga; Małgorzata Zielińska; Sandra Słowińska; Bjorn J. M. Robroek; Pierre Mariotte; Christophe V. W. Seppey; Enrique Lara; Jan Barabach; Michał Słowiński; Luca Bragazza; Bogdan H. Chojnicki; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes.

Characterisation of Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes through genome-wide introgressions into wheat - Surbhi Grewal; Caiyun Yang; Stella Hubbart Edwards; Duncan Scholefield; Stephen Ashling; Amanda J. Burridge; Ian P. King; Julie King (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018)

Rapid climate change-induced collapse of hunter-gatherer societies in the lower Mississippi River valley between ca. 3300 and 2780 cal yr BP - Tristram R. Kidder; Edward R. Henry; Lee J. Arco (Science China Earth Sciences, 2018)

Army imposters: diversification of army ant-mimicking beetles with their Eciton hosts - S. Pérez-Espona; W. P. Goodall-Copestake; S. M. Berghoff; K. J. Edwards; N. R. Franks (Insectes Sociaux, 2018)

Avoided economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: integrating a land surface model (CLM) with a global economic model (iPETS) - Xiaolin Ren; Matthias Weitzel; Brian C. O’Neill; Peter Lawrence; Prasanth Meiyappan; Samuel Levis; Edward J. Balistreri; Michael Dalton (Climatic Change, 2018)

Profiling differential microRNA expression between in situ, infiltrative and lympho-vascular space invasive breast cancer: a pilot study - Patsy S. Soon; Pamela J. Provan; Edward Kim; Nirmala Pathmanathan; Dinny Graham; Christine L. Clarke; Rosemary L. Balleine (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2018)

Identification of an anellovirus and genomoviruses in ixodid ticks - Kara Waits; Marten J. Edwards; Ilaria N. Cobb; Rafaela S. Fontenele; Arvind Varsani (Virus Genes, 2018)

Ecosystem state shifts during long‐term development of an Amazonian peatland - Graeme T. Swindles; Paul J. Morris; Bronwen Whitney; Jennifer M. Galloway; Mariusz Gałka; Angela Gallego‐Sala; Andrew L. Macumber; Donal Mullan; Mark W. Smith; Matthew J. Amesbury; Thomas P. Roland; Hamed Sanei; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
The most carbon (C)‐dense ecosystems of Amazonia are areas characterized by the presence of peatlands. However, Amazonian peatland ecosystems are poorly understood and are threatened by human activities. Here, we present an investigation into long‐term ecohydrological controls on C accumulation in an Amazonian peat dome. This site is the oldest peatland yet discovered in Amazonia (peat initiation ca. 8.9 ka BP ), and developed in three stages: (i) peat initiated in an abandoned river channel with open water and aquatic plants; (ii) inundated forest swamp; and (iii) raised peat dome (since ca. 3.9 ka BP ). Local burning occurred at least three times in the past 4,500 years. Two phases of particularly rapid C accumulation (ca. 6.6–6.1 and ca. 4.9–3.9 ka BP ), potentially resulting from increased net primary productivity, were seemingly driven by drier conditions associated with widespread drought events. The association of drought phases with major ecosystem state shifts (open water wetland–forest swamp–peat dome) suggests a potential climatic control on the developmental trajectory of this tropical peatland. A third drought phase centred on ca. 1.8–1.1 ka BP led to markedly reduced C accumulation and potentially a hiatus during the peat dome stage. Our results suggest that future droughts may lead to phases of rapid C accumulation in some inundated tropical peat swamps, although this can lead ultimately to a shift to ombrotrophy and a subsequent return to slower C accumulation. Conversely, in ombrotrophic peat domes, droughts may lead to reduced C accumulation or even net loss of peat. Increased surface wetness at our site in recent decades may reflect a shift towards a wetter climate in western Amazonia. Amazonian peatlands represent important carbon stores and habitats, and are important archives of past climatic and ecological information. They should form key foci for conservation efforts.

How palynology could have been paepalology: the naming of a discipline - Kevin J. Edwards; Heather S. Pardoe (Palynology, 2018)

Greenland coastal air temperatures linked to Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea ice conditions during autumn through regional blocking patterns - Thomas J. Ballinger; Edward Hanna; Richard J. Hall; Jeffrey Miller; Mads H. Ribergaard; Jacob L. Høyer (Climate Dynamics, 2018)

Recreational physical activity and survival in African-American women with ovarian cancer - Sarah E. Abbott; Fabian Camacho; Lauren C. Peres; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Bo Qin; Ann G. Schwartz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

SDF-1 induces TNF-mediated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes - Andrew A. Jarrah; Martina Schwarskopf; Edward R. Wang; Thomas LaRocca; Ashwini Dhume; Shihong Zhang; Lahouria Hadri; Roger J. Hajjar; Alison D. Schecter; Sima T. Tarzami (Apoptosis, 2018)

Sporulation capability and amylosome conservation among diverse human colonic and rumen isolates of the keystone starch‐degrader Ruminococcus bromii - Indrani Mukhopadhya; Sarah Moraïs; Jenny Laverde‐Gomez; Paul O. Sheridan; Alan W. Walker; William Kelly; Athol V. Klieve; Diane Ouwerkerk; Sylvia H. Duncan; Petra Louis; Nicole Koropatkin; Darrell Cockburn; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary Ruminococcus bromii is a dominant member of the human colonic microbiota that plays a ‘keystone’ role in degrading dietary resistant starch. Recent evidence from one strain has uncovered a unique cell surface ‘amylosome’ complex that organizes starch‐degrading enzymes. New genome analysis presented here reveals further features of this complex and shows remarkable conservation of amylosome components between human colonic strains from three different continents and a R. bromii strain from the rumen of Australian cattle. These R. bromii strains encode a narrow spectrum of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that reflect extreme specialization in starch utilization. Starch hydrolysis products are taken up mainly as oligosaccharides, with only one strain able to grow on glucose. The human strains, but not the rumen strain, also possess transporters that allow growth on galactose and fructose. R. bromii strains possess a full complement of sporulation and spore germination genes and we demonstrate the ability to form spores that survive exposure to air. Spore formation is likely to be a critical factor in the ecology of this nutritionally highly specialized bacterium, which was previously regarded as ‘non‐sporing’, helping to explain its widespread occurrence in the gut microbiota through the ability to transmit between hosts.

Tropical soils are a reservoir for fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. biodiversity - Lucas Dantas Lopes; Edward W. Davis; Michele de C. Pereira e Silva; Alexandra J. Weisberg; Luana Bresciani; Jeff H. Chang; Joyce E. Loper; Fernando D. Andreote (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are widely studied for their beneficial activities to plants. To explore the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas spp. in tropical regions, we collected 76 isolates from a Brazilian soil. Genomes were sequenced and compared to known strains, mostly collected from temperate regions. Phylogenetic analyses classified the isolates in the P. fluorescens (57) and P. putida (19) groups. Among the isolates in the P. fluorescens group, most (37) were classified in the P. koreensis subgroup and two in the P. jessenii subgroup. The remaining 18 isolates fell into two phylogenetic subclades distinct from currently recognized P. fluorescens subgroups, and probably represent new subgroups. Consistent with their phylogenetic distance from described subgroups, the genome sequences of strains in these subclades are asyntenous to the genome sequences of members of their neighbour subgroups. The tropical isolates have several functional genes also present in known fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains. However, members of the new subclades share exclusive genes not detected in other subgroups, pointing to the potential for novel functions. Additionally, we identified 12 potential new species among the 76 isolates from the tropical soil. The unexplored diversity found in the tropical soil is possibly related to biogeographical patterns.

Relationships between landscape pattern metrics, vertical structure and surface urban Heat Island formation in a Colorado suburb - Edward A. Gage; David J. Cooper (Urban Ecosystems, 2017)

Oligopeptide Transport in Rat Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells is Mediated by Pept2 - Hovhannes J. Gukasyan; Tomomi Uchiyama; Kwang-Jin Kim; Carsten Ehrhardt; Sharon K. Wu; Zea Borok; Edward D. Crandall; Vincent H.L. Lee (Pharmaceutical Research, 2017)

The Differential Absorption of a Series of P-Glycoprotein Substrates in Isolated Perfused Lungs from Mdr1a/1b Genetic Knockout Mice can be Attributed to Distinct Physico-Chemical Properties: an Insight into Predicting Transporter-Mediated, Pulmonary Specific Disposition - Daniel F. Price; Chris N. Luscombe; Peter J. Eddershaw; Chris D. Edwards; Mark Gumbleton (Pharmaceutical Research, 2017)

A Novel Oral Fluid Assay (LC-QTOF-MS) for the Detection of Fentanyl and Clandestine Opioids in Oral Fluid After Reported Heroin Overdose - Matthew K. Griswold; Peter R. Chai; Alex J. Krotulski; Melissa Friscia; Brittany P. Chapman; Neha Varma; Edward W. Boyer; Barry K. Logan; Kavita M. Babu (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2017)

Keeping it in the family: strong fine-scale genetic structure and inbreeding in Lodoicea maldivica, the largest-seeded plant in the world - E. J. Morgan; C. N. Kaiser-Bunbury; P. J. Edwards; F. Fleischer-Dogley; C. J. Kettle (Conservation Genetics, 2017)

Large-area imaging reveals biologically driven non-random spatial patterns of corals at a remote reef - Clinton B. Edwards; Yoan Eynaud; Gareth J. Williams; Nicole E. Pedersen; Brian J. Zgliczynski; Arthur C. R. Gleason; Jennifer E. Smith; Stuart A. Sandin (Coral Reefs, 2017)

Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities - Kevin R. Wilcox; Andrew T. Tredennick; Sally E. Koerner; Emily Grman; Lauren M. Hallett; Meghan L. Avolio; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Gregory R. Houseman; Forest Isbell; David Samuel Johnson; Juha M. Alatalo; Andrew H. Baldwin; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species‐level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1–315%); this range was positively correlated with the size of the metacommunity. Additionally, asynchronous responses among local communities were linked with species’ populations fluctuating asynchronously across space, perhaps stemming from physical and/or competitive differences among local communities. Accordingly, we suggest spatial heterogeneity should be a major focus for maintaining the stability of ecosystem services at larger spatial scales.

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar - Graham W. Prescott; William J. Sutherland; Daniel Aguirre; Matthew Baird; Vicky Bowman; Jake Brunner; Grant M. Connette; Martin Cosier; David Dapice; Jose Don T. De Alban; Alex Diment; Julia Fogerite; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass is linked to lipid and metabolic profile in individuals with spinal cord injury - Laura C. O’Brien; Qun Chen; Jeannie Savas; Edward J. Lesnefsky; Ashraf S. Gorgey (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Reprint - Haldane And The Analysis Of Linkage - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 2017)

Wastewater influences nitrogen dynamics in a coastal catchment during a prolonged drought - Denise A. Bruesewitz; Timothy J. Hoellein; Rae F. Mooney; Wayne S. Gardner; Edward J. Buskey (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Ecosystem function measurements can enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) delivery in coastal catchments across river and estuary ecosystems. Here, we contrast patterns of N cycling and export in two rivers, one heavily influenced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), in a coastal catchment of south Texas. We measured N export from both rivers to the estuary over 2 yr that encompass a severe drought, along with detailed mechanisms of N cycling in river, tidal river, and two estuary sites during prolonged drought. WWTP nutrient inputs stimulated uptake of N, but denitrification resulting in permanent N removal accounted for only a small proportion of total uptake. During drought periods, WWTP N was the primary source of exported N to the estuary, minimizing the influence of episodic storm‐derived nutrients from the WWTP‐influenced river to the estuary. In the site without WWTP influence, the river exported very little N during drought, so storm‐derived nutrient pulses were important for delivering N loads to the estuary. Overall, N is processed from river to estuary, but sustained WWTP‐N loads and periodic floods alter the timing of N delivery and N processing. Research that incorporates empirical measurements of N fluxes from river to estuary can inform management needs in the face of multiple anthropogenic stressors such as demand for freshwater and eutrophication.

Acute Pesticide-Related Illness Among Farmworkers: Barriers to Reporting to Public Health Authorities - Joanne Bonnar Prado; Prakash R. Mulay; Edward J. Kasner; Heidi K. Bojes; Geoffrey M. Calvert (Journal of Agromedicine, 2017)

Comparing tiers of a multi-tiered wetland assessment in the Prairie Pothole Region - Christina L. M. Hargiss; Edward S. DeKeyser; Jack E. Norland; Michael J. Ell (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2017)

Biomarkers of Acute Stroke Etiology (BASE) Study Methodology - Edward C. Jauch; Andrew D. Barreto; Joseph P. Broderick; Doug M. Char; Brett L. Cucchiara; Thomas G. Devlin; Alison J. Haddock; William J. Hicks; Brian C. Hiestand; Glen C. Jickling; Jeff June; David S. Liebeskind; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2017)

Facultative CAM photosynthesis (crassulacean acid metabolism) in four species of Calandrinia, ephemeral succulents of arid Australia - Joseph A. M. Holtum; Lillian P. Hancock; Erika J. Edwards; Klaus Winter (Photosynthesis Research, 2017)

Community exposure and vulnerability to water quality and availability: a case study in the mining-affected Pazña Municipality, Lake Poopó Basin, Bolivian Altiplano - Megan French; Natalie Alem; Stephen J. Edwards; Efraín Blanco Coariti; Helga Cauthin; Karen A. Hudson-Edwards; Karen Luyckx; Jorge Quintanilla; Oscar Sánchez Miranda (Environmental Management, 2017)

Tubal ligation and ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Chrissy McNamara; Sarah E. Abbott; Elisa V. Bandera; Bo Qin; Lauren C. Peres; Fabian Camacho; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Functional connectivity abnormalities and associated cognitive deficits in fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders (FASD) - Jeffrey R. Wozniak; Bryon A. Mueller; Sarah N. Mattson; Claire D. Coles; Julie A. Kable; Kenneth L. Jones; Christopher J. Boys; Kelvin O. Lim; Edward P. Riley; Elizabeth R. Sowell (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

The tooth, the whole tooth and nothing but the tooth: tooth shape and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias - G. C. A. French; M. Stürup; S. Rizzuto; J. H. van Wyk; D. Edwards; R. W. Dolan; S. P. Wintner; A. V. Towner; W. O. H. Hughes (Journal of Fish Biology, 2017)
Results from this study of the white shark Carcharodon carcharias include measurements obtained using a novel photographic method that reveal significant differences between the sexes in the relationship between tooth cuspidity and shark total length, and a novel ontogenetic change in male tooth shape. Males exhibit broader upper first teeth and increased distal inclination of upper third teeth with increasing length, while females do not present a consistent morphological change. Substantial individual variation, with implications for pace of life syndrome, was present in males and tooth polymorphism was suggested in females. Sexual differences and individual variation may play major roles in ontogenetic changes in tooth morphology in C. carcharias , with potential implications for their foraging biology. Such individual and sexual differences should be included in studies of ontogenetic shift dynamics in other species and systems.

Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in chemostat culture reveal how Campylobacter jejuni modulates metabolism, stress responses and virulence factors upon changes in oxygen availability - Edward J. Guccione; John J. Kendall; Andrew Hitchcock; Nitanshu Garg; Michael A. White; Francis Mulholland; Robert K. Poole; David J. Kelly (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Campylobacter jejuni , the most frequent cause of food‐borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is a microaerophile that has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Here, oxygen‐dependent changes in C . jejuni physiology were studied at constant growth rate using carbon (serine)‐limited continuous chemostat cultures. We show that a perceived aerobiosis scale can be calibrated by the acetate excretion flux, which becomes zero when metabolism is fully aerobic (100% aerobiosis). Transcriptome changes in a downshift experiment from 150% to 40% aerobiosis revealed many novel oxygen‐regulated genes and highlighted re‐modelling of the electron transport chains. A label‐free proteomic analysis showed that at 40% aerobiosis, many proteins involved in host colonisation (e.g., PorA, CadF, FlpA, CjkT) became more abundant. PorA abundance increased steeply below 100% aerobiosis. In contrast, several citric‐acid cycle enzymes, the peptide transporter CstA, PEB1 aspartate/glutamate transporter, LutABC lactate dehydrogenase and PutA proline dehydrogenase became more abundant with increasing aerobiosis. We also observed a co‐ordinated response of oxidative stress protection enzymes and Fe‐S cluster biogenesis proteins above 100% aerobiosis. Our approaches reveal key virulence factors that respond to restricted oxygen availability and specific transporters and catabolic pathways activated with increasing aerobiosis.

Stable isotope analysis in deep-sea chondrichthyans: recent challenges, ecological insights, and future directions - Oliver. N. Shipley; Edward J. Brooks; Daniel J. Madigan; Christopher J. Sweeting; R. Dean Grubbs (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2017)

Effects of nalfurafine on the reinforcing, thermal antinociceptive, and respiratory-depressant effects of oxycodone: modeling an abuse-deterrent opioid analgesic in rats - E. Andrew Townsend; Jennifer E. Naylor; S. Stevens Negus; Shelley R. Edwards; Hina N. Qureshi; Hunter W. McLendon; Christopher R. McCurdy; Coco N. Kapanda; Jussara M. do Carmo; Fernanda S. da Silva; John E. Hall; Kenneth J. Sufka; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Differential efficacies of the nicotinic α4β2 desensitizing agents in reducing nicotine self-administration in female rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Venkata M. Yenugonda; Yong Liu; Milton L. Brown; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine–Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats - Bruno P. Meloni; Diego Milani; Jane L. Cross; Vince W. Clark; Adam B. Edwards; Ryan S. Anderton; David J. Blacker; Neville W. Knuckey (NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2017)

Fate and transport of furrow-applied granular tefluthrin and seed-coated clothianidin insecticides: Comparison of field-scale observations and model estimates - Kara E. Huff Hartz; Tracye M. Edwards; Michael J. Lydy (Ecotoxicology, 2017)

Qualitative and quantitative factors affecting the relationship between Canola leaf spot epidemic and stem base canker (Leptosphaeria maculans) in Argentina - J. P. Edwards Molina; A. Escande; G. Cendoya; F. Quiroz (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2017)

Genomic footprints of adaptation in a cooperatively breeding tropical bird across a vegetation gradient - Flavia Termignoni‐García; Juan P. Jaramillo‐Correa; Juan Chablé‐Santos; Mark Liu; Allison J. Shultz; Scott V. Edwards; Patricia Escalante‐Pliego (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Identifying the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and its relationship with the environment is key to understanding how local adaptations evolve. Such patterns are especially interesting among populations distributed across habitat gradients, where genetic structure can be driven by isolation by distance ( IBD ) and/or isolation by environment ( IBE ). Here, we used variation in ~1,600 high‐quality SNP s derived from paired‐end sequencing of double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA (dd RAD ‐Seq) to test hypotheses related to IBD and IBE in the Yucatan jay ( Cyanocorax yucatanicus) , a tropical bird endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. This peninsula is characterized by a precipitation and vegetation gradient—from dry to evergreen tropical forests—that is associated with morphological variation in this species. We found a moderate level of nucleotide diversity (π = .008) and little evidence for genetic differentiation among vegetation types. Analyses of neutral and putatively adaptive SNP s (identified by complementary genome‐scan approaches) indicate that IBD is the most reliable explanation to account for frequency distribution of the former, while IBE has to be invoked to explain those of the later. These results suggest that selective factors acting along a vegetation gradient can promote local adaptation in the presence of gene flow in a vagile, nonmigratory and geographically restricted species. The putative candidate SNP s identified here are located within or linked to a variety of genes that represent ideal targets for future genomic surveys.

Why Conferences Matter—An Illustration from the International Marine Conservation Congress - Samantha Oester; John A. Cigliano; Edward J. Hind-Ozan; E. Christien Michael Parsons (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Diversity and Inclusion in Conservation: A Proposal for a Marine Diversity Network - Nicola S. Smith; Isabelle M. Côté; Lourdes Martinez-Estevez; Edward J. Hind-Ozan; Angela L. Quiros; Nathan Johnson; Stephanie J. Green; Leslie Cornick; David Shiffman; Luis Malpica-Cruz; Allison Gleason Besch; Nikita Shiel-Rolle (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

The Significant Surface-Water Connectivity of “Geographically Isolated Wetlands” - Aram J. K. Calhoun; David M. Mushet; Laurie C. Alexander; Edward S. DeKeyser; Laurie Fowler; Charles R. Lane; Megan W. Lang; Mark C. Rains; Stephen C. Richter; Susan C. Walls (Wetlands, 2017)

15N recoveries from ruminant urine patches on three forage types - R. R. Woods; K. C. Cameron; G. R. Edwards; H. J. Di; T. J. Clough (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Optimisation of kelp (Laminaria digitata) gametophyte growth and gametogenesis: effects of photoperiod and culture media - J. J. Ratcliff; A. Soler-Vila; D. Hanniffy; M. P. Johnson; M. D. Edwards (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2017)

Elemental composition of Malawian rice - Edward J. M. Joy; E. Louise Ander; Martin R. Broadley; Scott D. Young; Allan D. C. Chilimba; Elliott M. Hamilton; Michael J. Watts (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2017)

Genomic analysis of chimeric human cytomegalovirus vaccine candidates derived from strains Towne and Toledo - Nicolás M. Suárez; Betty Lau; George M. Kemble; Ronzo Lee; Edward S. Mocarski; Gavin W. G. Wilkinson; Stuart P. Adler; Michael A. McVoy; Andrew J. Davison (Virus Genes, 2017)

Cattle utilization of coniferous cut blocks under open range grazing and associated impact on tree seedlings - Jillian Kaufmann; Edward W. Bork; Mike J. Alexander; Peter V. Blenis (Agroforestry Systems, 2017)

Paleo-environmental reconstruction of Lopingian (upper Permian) sediments in the Galilee Basin, Queensland, Australia - L. J. Phillips; S. A. Edwards; V. Bianchi; J. S. Esterle (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017)

Erosion from a Cross-Country Natural Gas Pipeline Corridor: The Critical First Year - Pamela J. Edwards; Bridget M. Harrison; Karl W.J. Williard; Jon E. Schoonover (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2017)

High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden - Ilse M. Kamerling; J. Edward Schofield; Kevin J. Edwards; Kjell-Åke Aronsson (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2017)

Cigarette smoking and the association with serous ovarian cancer in African American women: African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) - Linda E. Kelemen; Sarah Abbott; Bo Qin; Lauren Cole Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Kristin Wallace; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Kathleen Cartmell; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes - Janet Prevéy; Mark Vellend; Nadja Rüger; Robert D. Hollister; Anne D. Bjorkman; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Sarah C. Elmendorf; Karin Clark; Elisabeth J. Cooper; Bo Elberling; Anna M. Fosaa; Gregory H. R. Henry; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high‐latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high‐latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona . These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.

Initial biochar effects on plant productivity derive from N fertilization - Simon Jeffery; Ilse Memelink; Edward Hodgson; Sian Jones; Tess F. J. van de Voorde; T. Martijn Bezemer; Liesje Mommer; Jan Willem van Groenigen (Plant and Soil, 2017)

The evolutionary ecology (evo-eco) of plant asexual reproduction - Karl J. Niklas; Edward D. Cobb (Evolutionary Ecology, 2017)

Drivers and potential predictability of summer time North Atlantic polar front jet variability - Richard J. Hall; Julie M. Jones; Edward Hanna; Adam A. Scaife; Róbert Erdélyi (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Re-imagining environmental science and policy graduate education for the twenty-first century using an integrative frame - Timothy J. Downs; Edward R. Carr; Rob Goble (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2017)

The Effect of Biomass Densification on Structural Sugar Release and Yield in Biofuel Feedstock and Feedstock Blends - Edward J. Wolfrum; Nicholas J. Nagle; Ryan M. Ness; Darren J. Peterson; Allison E. Ray; Daniel M. Stevens (BioEnergy Research, 2017)

Current Trends in Ligand Binding Real-Time Measurement Technologies - Stephanie Fraser; Judy Y. Shih; Mark Ware; Edward O’Connor; Mark J. Cameron; Martin Schwickart; Xuemei Zhao; Karin Regnstrom (The AAPS Journal, 2017)

Effect of tempol and tempol plus catalase on intra-renal haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHSP) and Wistar rats - Ahmad F Ahmeda; Mark G. Rae; Mohammed F. Al Otaibi; Lamyia M Anweigi; Edward J Johns (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017)

History of hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes and ovarian cancer patient survival: evidence from the ovarian cancer association consortium - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Jo L. Freudenheim; Rikki A. Cannioto; J. Brian Szender; Kevin H. Eng; Francesmary Modugno; Roberta B. Ness; Michael J. LaMonte; Grace Friel; Brahm H. Segal; Kunle Odunsi; Paul Mayor; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Lifetime number of ovulatory cycles and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Lauren C. Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Edward S. Peters; Ann G. Schwartz; Paul D. Terry; Sarah E. Abbott; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Cerebello-cerebral connectivity in the developing brain - Kay Pieterman; Dafnis Batalle; Jeroen Dudink; J-Donald Tournier; Emer J. Hughes; Madeleine Barnett; Manon J. Benders; A. David Edwards; Freek E. Hoebeek; Serena J. Counsell (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheries - Jose A Fernandes; Eleni Papathanasopoulou; Caroline Hattam; Ana M Queirós; William W W L Cheung; Andrew Yool; Yuri Artioli; Edward C Pope; Kevin J Flynn; Gorka Merino; Piero Calosi; Nicola Beaumont; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
Assessments of the combined ecological impacts of ocean acidification and warming ( OAW ) and their social and economic consequences can help develop adaptive and responsive management strategies in the most sensitive regions. Here, available observational and experimental data, theoretical, and modelling approaches are combined to project and quantify potential effects of OAW on the future fisheries catches and resulting revenues and employment in the UK under different CO 2 emission scenarios. Across all scenarios, based on the limited available experimental results considered, the bivalve species investigated were more affected by OAW than the fish species considered, compared with ocean warming alone. Projected standing stock biomasses decrease between 10 and 60%. These impacts translate into an overall fish and shellfish catch decrease of between 10 and 30% by 2020 across all areas except for the Scotland >10 m fleet. This latter fleet shows average positive impacts until 2050, declining afterwards. The main driver of the projected decreases is temperature rise (0.5–3.3 °C), which exacerbate the impact of decreases in primary production (10–30%) in UK fishing waters. The inclusion of the effect of ocean acidification on the carbon uptake of primary producers had very little impact on the projections of potential fish and shellfish catches ( 10 m fleet by the end of the century in all countries. Overall, losses in revenue are estimated to range between 1 and 21% in the short term (2020–50) with England and Scotland being the most negatively impacted in absolute terms, and Wales and North Ireland in relative terms. Losses in total employment (fisheries and associated industries) may reach approximately 3–20% during 2020–50 with the >10 m fleet and associated industries bearing the majority of the losses.

Review of Lopingian (upper Permian) stratigraphy of the Galilee Basin, Queensland, Australia - L. J. Phillips; J. S. Esterle; S. A. Edwards (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017)

The impact of floral spot and ring markings on pollinator foraging dynamics - Marinus L. de Jager; Edward Willis-Jones; Samuel Critchley; Beverley J. Glover (Evolutionary Ecology, 2017)

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The anticancer drug sunitinib promotes autophagyand protects from neurotoxicity in an HIV-1 Tat model of neurodegeneration - Jerel A. Fields; Jeff Metcalf; Cassia Overk; Anthony Adame; Brian Spencer; Wolfgang Wrasidlo; Jazmin Florio; Edward Rockenstein; Johnny J. He; Eliezer Masliah (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2017)

Myosin II sequences for Lethocerus indicus - Lanette Fee; Weili Lin; Feng Qiu; Robert J. Edwards (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2017)

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2016 update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Mart Krupovic; Petar Knezevic; Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann; Jakub Barylski; J. Rodney Brister; Martha R. C. Clokie; Siobain Duffy; Bas E. Dutilh; Robert A. Edwards; Francois Enault; Ho Bin Jang; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2017)

Rotor Tracking Using Phase of Electrograms Recorded During Atrial Fibrillation - Caroline H. Roney; Chris D. Cantwell; Norman A. Qureshi; Rasheda A. Chowdhury; Emmanuel Dupont; Phang Boon Lim; Edward J. Vigmond; Jennifer H. Tweedy; Fu Siong Ng; Nicholas S. Peters (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Canine distemper virus in the Serengeti ecosystem: molecular adaptation to different carnivore species - Veljko M. Nikolin; Ximena A. Olarte‐Castillo; Nikolaus Osterrieder; Heribert Hofer; Edward Dubovi; Camila J. Mazzoni; Edgar Brunner; Katja V. Goller; Robert D. Fyumagwa; Patricia D. Moehlman; Dagmar Thierer; Marion L. East (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Was the 1993/1994 fatal canine distemper virus ( CDV ) epidemic in lions and spotted hyaenas in the Serengeti ecosystem caused by the recent spillover of a virulent domestic dog strain or one well adapted to these noncanids? We examine this question using sequence data from 13 ‘Serengeti’ strains including five complete genomes obtained between 1993 and 2011. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses reveal that strains from noncanids during the epidemic were more closely related to each other than to those from domestic or wild canids. All noncanid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic encoded: (1) one novel substitution G134S in the CDV ‐V protein; and (2) the rare amino acid combination 519I/549H at two sites under positive selection in the region of the CDV ‐H protein that binds to SLAM ( CD 150) host cell receptors. Worldwide, only a few noncanid strains in the America II lineage encode CDV ‐H 519I/549H. All canid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic coded CDV ‐V 134G, and CDV ‐H 519R/549Y, or 519R/549H. A functional assay of cell entry revealed the highest performance by CDV ‐H proteins encoding 519I/549H in cells expressing lion SLAM receptors, and the highest performance by proteins encoding 519R/549Y, typical of dog strains worldwide, in cells expressing dog SLAM receptors. Our findings are consistent with an epidemic in lions and hyaenas caused by CDV variants better adapted to noncanids than canids, but not with the recent spillover of a dog strain. Our study reveals a greater complexity of CDV molecular epidemiology in multihost environments than previously thought.

Litter decay controlled by temperature, not soil properties, affecting future soil carbon - Edward G. Gregorich; Henry Janzen; Benjamin H. Ellert; Bobbi L. Helgason; Budong Qian; Bernie J. Zebarth; Denis A. Angers; Ronald P. Beyaert; Craig F. Drury; Scott D. Duguid; William E. May; Brian G. McConkey; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Widespread global changes, including rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, climate warming and loss of biodiversity, are predicted for this century; all of these will affect terrestrial ecosystem processes like plant litter decomposition. Conversely, increased plant litter decomposition can have potential carbon‐cycle feedbacks on atmospheric CO 2 levels, climate warming and biodiversity. But predicting litter decomposition is difficult because of many interacting factors related to the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, as well as to climate and agricultural management practices. We applied 13 C‐labelled plant litter to soil at ten sites spanning a 3500‐km transect across the agricultural regions of Canada and measured its decomposition over five years. Despite large differences in soil type and climatic conditions, we found that the kinetics of litter decomposition were similar once the effect of temperature had been removed, indicating no measurable effect of soil properties. A two‐pool exponential decay model expressing undecomposed carbon simply as a function of thermal time accurately described kinetics of decomposition. ( R 2 = 0.94; RMSE = 0.0508). Soil properties such as texture, cation exchange capacity, pH and moisture, although very different among sites, had minimal discernible influence on decomposition kinetics. Using this kinetic model under different climate change scenarios, we projected that the time required to decompose 50% of the litter (i.e. the labile fractions) would be reduced by 1–4 months, whereas time required to decompose 90% of the litter (including recalcitrant fractions) would be reduced by 1 year in cooler sites to as much as 2 years in warmer sites. These findings confirm quantitatively the sensitivity of litter decomposition to temperature increases and demonstrate how climate change may constrain future soil carbon storage, an effect apparently not influenced by soil properties.

Ensemble Decision Tree Models Using RUSBoost for Estimating Risk of Iron Failure in Drinking Water Distribution Systems - S. R. Mounce; K. Ellis; J. M. Edwards; V. L. Speight; N. Jakomis; J. B. Boxall (Water Resources Management, 2017)

Source-Sink Dynamics: a Neglected Problem for Landscape-Scale Biodiversity Conservation in the Tropics - James J. Gilroy; David P. Edwards (Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 2017)

Amazon River influence on nitrogen fixation and export production in the western tropical North Atlantic - Sarah C. Weber; Edward J. Carpenter; Victoria J. Coles; Patricia L. Yager; Joaquim Goes; Joseph P. Montoya (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
As part of the ANACONDAS program, we investigated the role of the Amazon plume in stimulating offshore nitrogen fixation and export production during the river's high‐discharge period (May–June 2010). Using the shipboard underway system, we performed high‐resolution sampling of over 450,000 km 2 of surface waters, characterizing the distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton, particulate organic matter (POM), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of POM in the offshore plume. We found distinct regional variations in diazotroph communities, with the Diatom‐Diazotroph Associations (DDA) Hemiaulus hauckii – Richelia intracellularis dominating the low N : P mesohaline waters to the northwest of the plume axis and Trichodesmium spp. primarily occupying oceanic waters to the east. Nutrient availability broadly shaped diazotroph distributions along the salinity gradient, but habitat longevity may also play a role in the finer‐scale distributions of communities, particularly of DDAs. H. hauckii and Trichodesmium spp. affected the nitrogen and carbon budgets in fundamentally different ways within the plume‐influenced regions, with H. hauckii making much greater contributions to the particulate nitrogen pool and to CO 2 drawdown than Trichodesmium spp., leading to much higher export fluxes. Our findings provide an important constraint on the role of the Amazon plume in creating distinct niches and roles for diazotrophs in the nutrient and carbon budgets of the western tropical North Atlantic.

Visualising the relationships between synoptic circulation type and air quality in Sydney, a subtropical coastal‐basin environment - Ningbo Jiang; Yvonne Scorgie; Melissa Hart; Matthew L. Riley; Jagoda Crawford; Paul J. Beggs; Grant C. Edwards; Lisa Chang; David Salter; Giovanni Di Virgilio (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
Ozone and particle pollution are of concern for the Sydney basin, in particular during warm months (November to March) when pollution levels can exceed national standards. Previous studies on the relationship between synoptic circulation and air quality focused on high pollution days or aggregated air quality conditions over the region as a whole. This study provides both temporal and spatial analyses of the synoptic processes affecting warm‐month ozone and particle pollution in Sydney. A warm‐month synoptic catalogue was developed by applying the self‐organising map method to the NCEP/NCAR geopotential height reanalysis for south‐east Australia. The catalogue was linked to mesoscale meteorological features such as drainage flows and sea breezes, and subsequently to the spatial variability in air quality across the Sydney basin. The typical synoptic types commonly associated with high or low ozone and PM 10 levels, as well as variations in visibility, were identified. The results suggest that, due to Sydney's subtropical coastal‐basin environment, the interaction between meso‐ and synoptic‐scale features determine local air quality conditions in the region, rather than the synoptic conditions alone. Emissions from bushfires appear to have considerable impacts on the synoptic modulation to visibility and PM 10 levels, with such impacts tending to be more at a local scale. In contrast, no comparable impacts were found for ozone pollution. For ozone and visibility, the probability for an exceedance day under some synoptic types varied considerably over time, implying that there might have been a shift in the role of synoptic modulation to local air quality associated with changes in air emissions profiles. This study provides a leap in our understanding of the relationship between synoptic circulation and air quality in a coastal‐basin environment. The results are useful for improving air quality forecasting in Sydney, with the methodology developed readily applicable to similar regions elsewhere.

Spatial reconstruction of Scottish summer temperatures from tree rings - Miloš Rydval; Björn E. Gunnarson; Neil J. Loader; Edward R. Cook; Daniel L. Druckenbrod; Rob Wilson (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
A detailed understanding of past temporal patterns and spatial expression of temperature variations is important to place recent anthropogenic climate change into a longer term context. In order to fill the current gap in our understanding of northwest European temperature variability, point‐by‐point principal component regression was used to reconstruct a spatial field of 0.5° temperature grids across Scotland. A sequence of reconstructions utilizing several combinations of detrending and disturbance correction procedures, and a selection of tree‐ring parameters [including ring width ( RW ), maximum latewood density ( MXD ) and blue intensity ( BI )] was used in an evaluation of reconstruction skill. The high resolution of the reconstructed field serves also as a diagnostic tool to spatially assess the temperature reconstruction potential of local chronologies. Best reconstruction results, reaching calibration r 2 = 65.8% and verification r 2 = 63.7% in central Scotland over the 1901–1976 period, were achieved using disturbance‐corrected and signal‐free detrended RW chronologies merged with BI data after low‐pass (high‐pass) filtering the RW ( BI ) chronologies. Calibration and verification r 2 > 50% was attained for central, north and east Scotland, >40% in west and northwest, and >30% in southern Scotland with verification of nearly all grids showing some reconstruction skill. However, the full calibration potential of reconstructions outside central Scotland was reduced either due to residual disturbance trends undetected by the disturbance correction procedure or due to other climatic or non‐climatic factors which may have adversely affected the strength of the climate signal.

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

In‐situ incubation of iron‐sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role for Thiomicrospira - Roman A. Barco; Colleen L. Hoffman; Gustavo A. Ramírez; Brandy M. Toner; Katrina J. Edwards; Jason B. Sylvan (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Sulfide mineral precipitation occurs at mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) spreading centers, both in the form of plume particles and seafloor massive sulfide structures. A common constituent of MOR is the iron‐bearing sulfide mineral pyrrhotite, which was chosen as a substrate for in‐situ incubation studies in shallow waters of Catalina Island, CA to investigate the colonization of iron‐oxidizing bacteria. Microbial community datasets were obtained from in‐situ incubated pyrrhotite, allowing for direct comparison to microbial communities of iron‐sulfides from active and inactive chimneys in deep‐sea environments. Unclassified Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria ( Magnetovibrio) largely dominated the bacterial community on pyrrhotite samples incubated in the water column while samples incubated at the surface sediment showed more even dominance by Deltaproteobacteria ( Desulfobulbus ), Gammaproteobacteria (Piscirickettsiaceae), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae), and Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriia). Cultivations that originated from pyrrhotite samples resulted in the enrichment of both, sheath‐forming and stalk‐forming Zetaproteobacteria. Additionally, a putative novel species of Thiomicrospira was isolated and shown to grow autotrophically with iron, indicating a new biogeochemical role for this ubiquitous microorganism.

Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan - Edward J. M. Joy; Waqar Ahmad; Munir H. Zia; Diriba B. Kumssa; Scott D. Young; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Alexander J. Stein; Martin R. Broadley (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Evolution of a small hydrothermal eruption episode through a mud pool of varying depth and rheology, White Island, NZ - M. J. Edwards; B. M. Kennedy; A. D. Jolly; B. Scheu; P. Jousset (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2017)

Ecosystem responses to climate change at a Low Arctic and a High Arctic long-term research site - John E. Hobbie; Gaius R. Shaver; Edward B. Rastetter; Jessica E. Cherry; Scott J. Goetz; Kevin C. Guay; William A. Gould; George W. Kling (Ambio, 2017)

Asynchronous diversification of snakes in the North American warm deserts - Edward A. Myers; Michael J. Hickerson; Frank T. Burbrink (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim We quantify the degree to which co‐distributed snakes across the Cochise Filter Barrier ( CFB ) have a shared history of population divergence and estimate the timing of divergence for each taxon pair. Location North America. Methods A single locus dataset was collected ( n = 747 individuals) for 12 snake taxon pairs. Phylogeographical structure was estimated for each taxon. Redundancy analyses were used to assess the importance of geographical distance, climate and putative barriers to gene flow in structuring genetic diversity. Hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation was used to estimate the magnitude of synchronicity in divergence times across a well‐documented phylogeographical barrier. Lastly, gene divergence and population divergence times were estimated using multiple methods. Results There is substantial phylogeographical structure in many of the snake taxa, particularly at the CFB . A model containing distance, climate and barriers explained the greatest amount of genetic variation in nearly all taxa. When each variable was examined separately, climate explained the most variation. The hABC model testing indicates that there is overwhelming support for asynchronous phylogeographical histories within these co‐distributed taxa. Estimated divergence times range throughout the Quaternary and Neogene. Main Conclusions We demonstrate that the 12 snake taxon pairs studied here have diversified within the desert Southwest forming distinct Sonoran and Chihuahuan populations, illustrating the importance of this region in driving diversification in North American taxa. Although these groups exhibit the same pattern of lineage formation, there is strong support for asynchronous diversification and little concordance in divergence time estimates.

Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health - A. Lovegrove; C. H. Edwards; I. De Noni; H. Patel; S. N. El; T. Grassby; C. Zielke; M. Ulmius; L. Nilsson; P. J. Butterworth; P. R Ellis; P. R. Shewry (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017)

Specification of a Coupled Geological and Wellbore Fluid Dynamics Model for Uncertainty Analysis and Risk-Based Design on a Subsea Oil Project - Christopher J. Jablonowski; Arash Haghshenas; Edward E. Shumilak; Kenneth F. Tyler (Natural Resources Research, 2017)

A comparison of accuracy of fall detection algorithms (threshold-based vs. machine learning) using waist-mounted tri-axial accelerometer signals from a comprehensive set of falls and non-fall trials - Omar Aziz; Magnus Musngi; Edward J. Park; Greg Mori; Stephen N. Robinovitch (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2017)

The effect of liquid composition on the partitioning of Ni between olivine and silicate melt - Andrew K. Matzen; Michael B. Baker; John R. Beckett; Bernard J. Wood; Edward M. Stolper (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

A novel QTL associated with dwarf bunt resistance in Idaho 444 winter wheat - Jianli Chen; Mary J. Guttieri; Junli Zhang; David Hole; Edward Souza; Blair Goates (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016)

Shrinking of Vann Island, Gulf of Mannar, SE coast of India: assessing the impacts - M. Jayaprakash; K. Sivakumar; S. Muthusamy; R. R. Krishnamurthy; J. K. Edward Patterson (Natural Hazards, 2016)

Interaction between irbesartan, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), and adiponectin in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats - S. Afzal; M. A. Sattar; Edward J. Johns; Mohammed H. Abdulla; Safia Akhtar; Fayyaz Hashmi; Nor Azizan Abdullah (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2016)

Alcohol dependence-induced regulation of the proliferation and survival of adult brain progenitors is associated with altered BDNF-TrkB signaling - Sucharita S. Somkuwar; McKenzie J. Fannon; Miranda C. Staples; Eva R. Zamora-Martinez; Alvaro I. Navarro; Airee Kim; Jacqueline A. Quigley; Scott Edwards; Chitra D. Mandyam (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Protection against vascular leak in neprilysin transgenic mice with complex overexpression pattern - Marilee J. Wick; Zoe L. Loomis; Julie W. Harral; Mysan Le; Carol A. Wehling; York E. Miller; Edward C. Dempsey (Transgenic Research, 2016)

Review of Fusarium species isolated in association with mango malformation in Australia - E. C. Y. Liew; M. H. Laurence; C. A. Pearce; R. G. Shivas; G. I. Johnson; Y.P. Tan; J. Edwards; S. Perry; A.W. Cooke; B. A. Summerell (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016)

Greenland Blocking Index 1851–2015: a regional climate change signal - Edward Hanna; Thomas E. Cropper; Richard J. Hall; John Cappelen (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
We present an extended monthly and seasonal Greenland Blocking Index ( GBI ) from January 1851 to December 2015, which more than doubles the length of the existing published GBI series. We achieve this by homogenizing the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2c‐based GBI and splicing it with the NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis‐based GBI . For the whole time period, there are significant decreases in GBI in autumn, October and November, and no significant monthly, seasonal or annual increases. More recently, since 1981 there are significant GBI increases in all seasons and annually, with the strongest monthly increases in July and August. A recent clustering of high GBI values is evident in summer, when 7 of the top 11 values in the last 165 years – including the two latest years 2014 and 2015 – occurred since 2007. Also, 2010 is the highest GBI year in the annual, spring, winter and December series but 2011 is the record low GBI value in the spring and April series. Moreover, since 1851 there have been significant increases in GBI variability in May and especially December. December has also shown a significant clustering of extreme high and low GBI values since 2001, mirroring a similar, recently identified phenomenon in the December North Atlantic Oscillation index, suggesting a related driving mechanism. We discuss changes in hemispheric circulation that are associated with high compared with low GBI conditions. Our GBI time series should be useful for climatologists and other scientists interested in aspects and impacts of Arctic variability and change.

Lysozyme activity of the R uminococcus champanellensis cellulosome - Sarah Moraïs; Darrell W. Cockburn; Yonit Ben‐David; Nicole M. Koropatkin; Eric C. Martens; Sylvia H. Duncan; Harry J. Flint; Itzhak Mizrahi; Edward A. Bayer (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Ruminococcus champanellensis is a keystone species in the human gut that produces an intricate cellulosome system of various architectures. A variety of cellulosomal enzymes have been identified, which exhibit a range of hydrolytic activities on lignocellulosic substrates. We describe herein a unique R. champanellensis scaffoldin, ScaK, which is expressed during growth on cellobiose and comprises a cohesin module and a family 25 glycoside hydrolase (GH25). The GH25 is non‐autolytic and exhibits lysozyme‐mediated lytic activity against several bacterial species. Despite the narrow acidic pH curve, the enzyme is active along a temperature range from 2 to 85°C and is stable at very high temperatures for extended incubation periods. The ScaK cohesin was shown to bind selectively to the dockerin of a monovalent scaffoldin (ScaG), thus enabling formation of a cell‐free cellulosome, whereby ScaG interacts with a divalent scaffodin (ScaA) that bears the enzymes either directly or through additional monovalent scaffoldins (ScaC and ScaD). The ScaK cohesin also interacts with the dockerin of a protein comprising multiple Fn3 domains that can potentially promote adhesion to carbohydrates and the bacterial cell surface. A cell‐free cellulosomal GH25 lysozyme may provide a bacterial strategy to both hydrolyze lignocellulose and repel eventual food competitors and/or cheaters.

Metabolome‐mediated biocryomorphic evolution promotes carbon fixation in G reenlandic cryoconite holes - Joseph M. Cook; Arwyn Edwards; Mark Bulling; Luis A. J. Mur; Sophie Cook; Jarishma K. Gokul; Karen A. Cameron; Michael Sweet; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Microbial photoautotrophs on glaciers engineer the formation of granular microbial‐mineral aggregates termed cryoconite which accelerate ice melt, creating quasi‐cylindrical pits called ‘cryoconite holes’. These act as biogeochemical reactors on the ice surface and provide habitats for remarkably active and diverse microbiota. Evolution of cryoconite holes towards an equilibrium depth is well known, yet interactions between microbial activity and hole morphology are currently weakly addressed. Here, we experimentally perturbed the depths and diameters of cryoconite holes on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Cryoconite holes responded by sensitively adjusting their shapes in three dimensions (‘biocryomorphic evolution’) thus maintaining favourable conditions for net autotrophy at the hole floors. Non‐targeted metabolomics reveals concomitant shifts in cyclic AMP and fucose metabolism consistent with phototaxis and extracellular polymer synthesis indicating metabolomic‐level granular changes in response to perturbation. We present a conceptual model explaining this process and suggest that it results in remarkably robust net autotrophy on the Greenland Ice Sheet. We also describe observations of cryoconite migrating away from shade, implying a degree of self‐regulation of carbon budgets over mesoscales. Since cryoconite is a microbe‐mineral aggregate, it appears that microbial processes themselves form and maintain stable autotrophic habitats on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet.

Asynchronous demographic responses to Pleistocene climate change in Eastern Nearctic vertebrates - Frank T. Burbrink; Yvonne L. Chan; Edward A. Myers; Sara Ruane; Brian Tilston Smith; Michael J. Hickerson (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Pleistocene climatic cycles altered species distributions in the Eastern Nearctic of North America, yet the degree of congruent demographic response to the Pleistocene among codistributed taxa remains unknown. We use a hierarchical approximate Bayesian computational approach to test if population sizes across lineages of snakes, lizards, turtles, mammals, birds, salamanders and frogs in this region expanded synchronously to Late Pleistocene climate changes. Expansion occurred in 75% of 74 lineages, and of these, population size trajectories across the community were partially synchronous, with coexpansion found in at least 50% of lineages in each taxonomic group. For those taxa expanding outside of these synchronous pulses, factors related to when they entered the community, ecological thresholds or biotic interactions likely condition their timing of response to Pleistocene climate change. Unified timing of population size change across communities in response to Pleistocene climate cycles is likely rare in North America.

On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten - Steven J. Cooke; Edward H. Allison; T. Douglas Beard; Robert Arlinghaus; Angela H. Arthington; Devin M. Bartley; Ian G. Cowx; Carlos Fuentevilla; Nancy J. Leonard; Kai Lorenzen; Abigail J. Lynch; Vivian M. Nguyen; et al. (Ambio, 2016)

Plant adaptation or acclimation to rising CO 2 ? Insight from first multigenerational RNA‐Seq transcriptome - Alexander Watson‐Lazowski; Yunan Lin; Franco Miglietta; Richard J. Edwards; Mark A. Chapman; Gail Taylor (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) directly determines the rate of plant photosynthesis and indirectly effects plant productivity and fitness and may therefore act as a selective pressure driving evolution, but evidence to support this contention is sparse. Using Plantago lanceolata L. seed collected from a naturally high CO 2 spring and adjacent ambient CO 2 control site, we investigated multigenerational response to future, elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Plants were grown in either ambient or elevated CO 2 (700 μmol mol −1 ), enabling for the first time, characterization of the functional and population genomics of plant acclimation and adaptation to elevated CO 2 . This revealed that spring and control plants differed significantly in phenotypic plasticity for traits underpinning fitness including above‐ground biomass, leaf size, epidermal cell size and number and stomatal density and index. Gene expression responses to elevated CO 2 (acclimation) were modest [33–131 genes differentially expressed ( DE )], whilst those between control and spring plants (adaptation) were considerably larger (689–853 DE genes). In contrast, population genomic analysis showed that genetic differentiation between spring and control plants was close to zero, with no fixed differences, suggesting that plants are adapted to their native CO 2 environment at the level of gene expression. An unusual phenotype of increased stomatal index in spring but not control plants in elevated CO 2 correlated with altered expression of stomatal patterning genes between spring and control plants for three loci ( YODA , CDKB 1;1 and SCRM 2 ) and between ambient and elevated CO 2 for four loci ( ER , YODA , MYB 88 and BCA 1 ). We propose that the two positive regulators of stomatal number ( SCRM 2 ) and CDKB 1;1 when upregulated act as key controllers of stomatal adaptation to elevated CO 2 . Combined with significant transcriptome reprogramming of photosynthetic and dark respiration and enhanced growth in spring plants, we have identified the potential basis of plant adaptation to high CO 2 likely to occur over coming decades.

A high-density SNP genotyping array for Brassica napus and its ancestral diploid species based on optimised selection of single-locus markers in the allotetraploid genome - Wayne E. Clarke; Erin E. Higgins; Joerg Plieske; Ralf Wieseke; Christine Sidebottom; Yogendra Khedikar; Jacqueline Batley; Dave Edwards; Jinling Meng; Ruiyuan Li; Cynthia Taylor Lawley; Jérôme Pauquet; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016)

Primate genotyping via high resolution melt analysis: rapid and reliable identification of color vision status in wild lemurs - Rachel L. Jacobs; Amanda N. Spriggs; Tammie S. MacFie; Andrea L. Baden; Mitchell T. Irwin; Patricia C. Wright; Edward E. Louis; Richard R. Lawler; Nicholas I. Mundy; Brenda J. Bradley (Primates, 2016)

Cytotoxic oplopane sesquiterpenoids from Arnoglossum atriplicifolium - Jason A. Clement; Rachel M. Bleich; Hailey E. Campbell; Kristin Naylor; Matthew J. Flood; Ryan M. Kelly; Shi-Biao Wu; Edward J. Kennelly; Jeffrey D. Schmitt (Natural Product Research, 2016)

Accuracy of Rapid Tests Used for Analysis of Advanced Onsite Wastewater Treatment System Effluent - Brittany V. Lancellotti; Robert J. Bercaw; George W. Loomis; Kevin P. Hoyt; Edward J. Avizinis; Jose A. Amador (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016)

Use of a coupled soil-root-leaf model to optimise phosphate fertiliser use efficiency in barley - J. Heppell; S. Payvandi; P. Talboys; K. C. Zygalakis; D. Langton; R. Sylvester-Bradley; A. C. Edwards; R. Walker; P. Withers; D. L. Jones; T. Roose (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Intramuscular MAPK signaling following high volume and high intensity resistance exercise protocols in trained men - Adam M. Gonzalez; Jay R. Hoffman; Jeremy R. Townsend; Adam R. Jajtner; Carleigh H. Boone; Kyle S. Beyer; Kayla M. Baker; Adam J. Wells; Gerald T. Mangine; Edward H. Robinson; David D. Church; Leonardo P. Oliveira; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Contrasting trait responses to latitudinal climate variation in two lineages of an invasive grass - Thomas J. Mozdzer; Joshua S. Caplan; Rachel N. Hager; C. Edward Proffitt; Laura A. Meyerson (Biological Invasions, 2016)

The influence of manuring on stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.): archaeobotanical and palaeodietary implications - Edward R. Treasure; Mike J. Church; Darren R. Gröcke (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016)

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

Reduction of nicotine self-administration by chronic nicotine infusion with H1 histamine blockade in female rats - Edward D. Levin; Brandon J. Hall; Autri Chattopadhyay; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Amir H. Rezvani; Jed E. Rose (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity - Satria P. Sajuthi; Neeraj K. Sharma; Jeff W. Chou; Nicholette D. Palmer; David R. McWilliams; John Beal; Mary E. Comeau; Lijun Ma; Jorge Calles-Escandon; Jamehl Demons; Samantha Rogers; Kristina Cherry; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Daphnia magna’s sense of competition: intra-specific interactions (ISI) alter life history strategies and increase metals toxicity - Kurt A. Gust; Alan J. Kennedy; Nicolas L. Melby; Mitchell S. Wilbanks; Jennifer Laird; Barbara Meeks; Erik B. Muller; Roger M. Nisbet; Edward J. Perkins (Ecotoxicology, 2016)

Vascular morphology differentiates prostate cancer mortality risk among men with higher Gleason grade - Meng Yang; Ke Zu; Lorelei A. Mucci; Jennifer R. Rider; Michelangelo Fiorentino; Steven K. Clinton; Massimo Loda; Meir J. Stampfer; Edward Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with increased risk of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; a prospective cohort study - Edward R. Hammond; Rosa M. Crum; Glenn J. Treisman; Shruti H. Mehta; David B. Clifford; Ronald J. Ellis; Benjamin B. Gelman; Igor Grant; Scott L. Letendre; Christina M. Marra; Susan Morgello; David M. Simpson; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Pre- and post-conditioning hormesis in elderly mice, rats, and humans: its loss and restoration - Edward J. Calabrese (Biogerontology, 2016)

Taxon interactions control the distributions of cryoconite bacteria colonizing a High Arctic ice cap - Jarishma K. Gokul; Andrew J. Hodson; Eli R. Saetnan; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; Philippa J. Westall; Andrew P. Detheridge; Nozomu Takeuchi; Jennifer Bussell; Luis A. J. Mur; Arwyn Edwards (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Microbial colonization of glacial ice surfaces incurs feedbacks which affect the melting rate of the ice surface. Ecosystems formed as microbe–mineral aggregates termed cryoconite locally reduce ice surface albedo and represent foci of biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling. Consequently, greater understanding the ecological processes in the formation of functional cryoconite ecosystems upon glacier surfaces is sought. Here, we present the first bacterial biogeography of an ice cap, evaluating the respective roles of dispersal, environmental and biotic filtration occurring at local scales in the assembly of cryoconite microbiota. 16S rRNA gene amplicon semiconductor sequencing of cryoconite colonizing a Svalbard ice cap coupled with digital elevation modelling of physical parameters reveals the bacterial community is dominated by a ubiquitous core of generalist taxa, with evidence for a moderate pairwise distance–decay relationship. While geographic position and melt season duration are prominent among environmental predictors of community structure, the core population of taxa appears highly influential in structuring the bacterial community. Taxon co‐occurrence network analysis reveals a highly modular community structured by positive interactions with bottleneck taxa, predominantly Actinobacteria affiliated to isolates from soil humus. In contrast, the filamentous cyanobacterial taxon (assigned to Leptolyngbya/Phormidesmis pristleyi ) which dominates the community and binds together granular cryoconite are poorly connected to other taxa. While our study targeted one ice cap, the prominent role of generalist core taxa with close environmental relatives across the global cryosphere indicate discrete roles for cosmopolitan Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria as respective keystone taxa and ecosystem engineers of cryoconite ecosystems colonizing ice caps.

Hyperspectral logging of middle Cambrian marine sediments with hydrocarbon prospectivity: a case study from the southern Georgina Basin, northern Australia - B. Ayling; J. Huntington; B. Smith; D. Edwards (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2016)

Land colonisation by fish is associated with predictable changes in life history - Edward R. M. Platt; Ashley M. Fowler; Terry J. Ord (Oecologia, 2016)

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

A conceptual framework for analyzing deltas as coupled social–ecological systems: an example from the Amazon River Delta - Eduardo S. Brondizio; Nathan D. Vogt; Andressa V. Mansur; Edward J. Anthony; Sandra Costa; Scott Hetrick (Sustainability Science, 2016)

Variability in the response of amphipods and macroinvertebrate assemblage structure to prolonged drought in forested upland streams - Samantha J. Imberger; Christopher J. Walsh; Edward Tsyrlin; David G. Kerr; Monica Tewman (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016)

Tree‐mycorrhizal associations detected remotely from canopy spectral properties - Joshua B. Fisher; Sean Sweeney; Edward R. Brzostek; Tom P. Evans; Daniel J. Johnson; Jonathan A. Myers; Norman A. Bourg; Amy T. Wolf; Robert W. Howe; Richard P. Phillips (Global Change Biology, 2016)
A central challenge in global ecology is the identification of key functional processes in ecosystems that scale, but do not require, data for individual species across landscapes. Given that nearly all tree species form symbiotic relationships with one of two types of mycorrhizal fungi – arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) and ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) fungi – and that AM ‐ and ECM ‐dominated forests often have distinct nutrient economies, the detection and mapping of mycorrhizae over large areas could provide valuable insights about fundamental ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, species interactions, and overall forest productivity. We explored remotely sensed tree canopy spectral properties to detect underlying mycorrhizal association across a gradient of AM ‐ and ECM ‐dominated forest plots. Statistical mining of reflectance and reflectance derivatives across moderate/high‐resolution Landsat data revealed distinctly unique phenological signals that differentiated AM and ECM associations. This approach was trained and validated against measurements of tree species and mycorrhizal association across ~130 000 trees throughout the temperate United States. We were able to predict 77% of the variation in mycorrhizal association distribution within the forest plots ( P

Your Science Conference Should Have a Code of Conduct - Brett Favaro; Samantha Oester; John A. Cigliano; Leslie A. Cornick; Edward J. Hind; E. C. M. Parsons; Tracey J. Woodbury (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Selection and intake of algal species in butterfish (Odax pullus; Labridae) - Edward J. C. Baker; Marcus Clauss; Kendall D. Clements (Marine Biology, 2016)

Formal modelling of predator preferences using molecular gut-content analysis - Edward A. Roualdes; Simon J. Bonner; Thomas D. Whitney; James D. Harwood (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2016)

Phytoplankton dynamics in a subtropical lake dominated by cyanobacteria: cyanobacteria ‘Like it Hot’ and sometimes dry - Akeapot Srifa; Edward J. Phlips; Mary F. Cichra; John C. Hendrickson (Aquatic Ecology, 2016)

Genomic insights into the carbohydrate catabolism of Cairneyella variabilis gen. nov. sp. nov., the first reports from a genome of an ericoid mycorrhizal fungus from the southern hemisphere - David J. Midgley; Carly P. Rosewarne; Paul Greenfield; Dongmei Li; Cassandra J. Vockler; Catherine J. Hitchcock; Nicole A. Sawyer; Robyn Brett; Jacqueline Edwards; John I. Pitt; Nai Tran-Dinh (Mycorrhiza, 2016)

Combined evidence indicates that Perna indica Kuriakose and Nair 1976 is Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oman region introduced into southern India more than 100 years ago - Jonathan P. A. Gardner; Jamila Patterson; Sanil George; J. K. Patterson Edward (Biological Invasions, 2016)