Recycling of lignin-based biocomposites: Improving sustainability and enhancing material strength - Barney H. Miao; Daniel Woo; Darius Javan; Edward J. Garboczi; Robert J. Headrick; Andrew C. Lesh; Zhiye Li; David J. Loftus; Michael D. Lepech (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2025)

Sedimentary records of late Pleistocene-Holocene paleoenvironments from Convict Lake (California, USA) - Bailee N. Hodelka; Morgan Black; Adam J. Benfield; Sarah J. Ivory; Edward W. Woolery; Kevin Woller; Susan R.H. Zimmerman; Michael M. McGlue (Quaternary International, 2025)

Cross-scale prediction for the Laurentian Great Lakes - Y. Joseph Zhang; Joshua Anderson; Chin H. Wu; Dmitry Beletsky; Yuli Liu; Wei Huang; Eric J. Anderson; Saeed Moghimi; Edward Myers (Ocean Modelling, 2025)

Photodynamic priming with red light triggers adaptive immune responses in a pancreatic cancer mouse model - Pushpamali De Silva; Mohammad A. Saad; Joseph W.R. Swain; Zhiming Mai; Madeline D. Kidd; Joanna J. Choe; Assiris P. Camargo; Sanjay Anand; Vinay Chandrasekhara; Brian W. Pogue; Kenneth K. Wang; Bryan Q. Spring; et al. (Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2025)

Ultraviolet radiation vs air filtration to mitigate virus laden aerosol in an occupied clinical room - Shane A. Landry; Milan Jamriska; Vinay J. Menon; Leo Yi Yang Lee; Isabelle Magnin-Bougma; Dinesh Subedi; Jeremy J. Barr; Jason Monty; Kevin Kevin; Ajith Gunatilaka; Michelle Delaire; Guy B. Marks; et al. (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

A comparative analysis of data-driven modeling approaches to forecast cyanobacteria algal blooms in eutrophic lake discharge canals - Hung Q. Nguyen; Mauricio E. Arias; Qiong Zhang; Osama M. Tarabih; Cassondra Armstrong; Detong Sun; Edward J. Phlips (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Economic impacts of maple syrup production potential in Kentucky: Input-output analysis - Bobby Thapa; Thomas O. Ochuodho; John M. Lhotka; William Thomas; Jacob Muller; Thomas J. Brandeis; Edward Olale; Mo Zhou; Jingjing Liang (Forest Policy and Economics, 2025)

Stimulation of Microcystis aeruginosa by subtoxic concentrations of contaminants: A meta-analysis - Caiyu Geng; Boya Zhou; Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous (Environmental Research, 2025)

Impact of riverbed renaturalization on the attenuation of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in wastewater effluent-dominated streams - Edward J. Pastor-López; Mònica Escolà Casas; Dominik Hellman; Jochen A. Müller; Víctor Matamoros (Environmental Research, 2025)

Occurrence of antibiotics in hospital wastewater effluents discharged into the Niger River in Bamako, Mali. Risk assessment and solutions - Balla Coulibaly; Edward J. Pastor-López; Abdoulaye Diawara; Fatoumata Bintou Savane; Mònica Escolà-Casas; Víctor Matamoros; Sidy Ba (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

John Raven, FRS, FRSE: a truly great innovator in plant physiology, photosynthesis and much more - A. W. D. Larkum; P. G. Falkowski; Dianne Edwards; C. B. Osmond; H. Lambers; P. Sanchez-Baracaldo; R. J. Ritchie; J. W. Runcie; P. J. Ralph; M. Westoby; S. Maberly; H. Griffiths; et al. (Photosynthesis Research, 2025)
This is a tribute to a truly inspirational plant biologist, Prof. John A. Raven, FRS, FRSE (25th June 1941– 23rd May 2024), who died at the age of 82. He was a leader in the field of evolution and physiology of algae and land plants. His research touched on many areas including photosynthesis, ion transport, carbon utilisation, mineral use, such as silicon, iron and molybdenum, the evolution of phytoplankton, the evolution of root systems, the impact of global change, especially on the acidification of the oceans, carbon gain and water use in early land plants, and ways of detecting extraterrestrial photosynthesis. Beginning his research career in the Botany School, University of Cambridge, John studied ion uptake in a giant algal cell. This was at the time of great strides brought about by Peter Mitchell (1920–1992) in elucidating the role of energy generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts and the coupling of ion transport systems to energy generation. With Enid MacRobbie and Andrew Smith, John pioneered early work on the involvement of ion transport in the growth and metabolism of plant cells.On leaving Cambridge John took up a lectureship at the University of Dundee in 1971, where he was still attached upon his death. His primary focus over the years, with one of us (Paul Falkowski), was on phytoplankton, the photosynthetic microalgae of the oceans. Still, his publication list of 5 books and over 600 scientific papers spans a very broad range. The many highly cited papers (see Table 1) attest to an outstanding innovator, who influenced a multitude of students and coworkers and a very wide readership worldwide. At the personal level, John Raven was a wonderful human being; he had an extraordinary memory, dredging up facts and little-known scientific papers, like a scientific magician, but at the same time making humorous jokes and involving his colleagues in fun and sympathetic appreciation. Table 1 Ten best cited articles (from google scholar) Citations Date Aquatic Photosynthesis, 3rd EditionP.G. Falkowski & J.A. RavenPrinceton University Press, 2013 3854 2013 The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplanktonP.G. Falkowski, M.E. Katz, A.H. Knoll, A. Quigg, J.A. Raven, et alScience 305 , 354–360 1790 2004 C O 2 concentrating mechanisms in algae:mechanisms, environmental modulation, and evolutionM. Giordano, J. Beardall & J.A. RavenAnnu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56 (1), 99–131 1648 2005 Algae as nutritional food sources: revisiting our understandingM.L. Wells, P. Potin, J.S. Craigie, J.A. Raven, S.S. Merchant, et alJournal of applied phycology 29 , 949–982 1527 2017 Plant Nutrient acquisition strategies change with soil ageH. Lambers, J.A. Raven, G.R. Shaver & S.E. SmithTrends in ecology & evolution 23 , 95–103 1488 2008 Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxideJ. Raven, K. Caldeira, H. Elderfield, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, P. Liss, et alThe Royal Society, Policy Document, June 2005 1470 2005 Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometryZ.V. Finkel, J. Beardall, K.J. Flynn, A. Quigg, T.A.V. Rees & J.A. RavenJournal of plankton research 32 , 119–137 1198 2010 Opportunities for improving phosphorus efficiency in crop plantsE.J. Veneklaas, H. Lambers, J. Bragg, P.M. Finnegan, C.E. Lovelock, et alNew phytologist 195 , 306–320 951 2012 Adaptation of unicellular algae to irradiance: an analysis of strategiesK. Richardson, J. Beardall & J.A. RavenNew Phytologist 93 , 157–191 914 1983 N itrogen assimilation and transport in vascular land plants in relation to Intracellular pH regulationJ.A. Raven & F.A. SmithNew Phytologist 76 , 415–431 893 1976 Temperature and algal growth J.A. Raven & R.J. GeiderNew phytologist 110 , 441–461 867 1988 The role of trace metals in photosynthetic electron transport in O 2 -evolving organismsJ.A. Raven, M.C.W. Evans & R.E. KorbPhotosynthesis Research 60 , 111–150 840 1999

Correction: Sequence Divergence in Venom Genes Within and Between Montane Pitviper (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Cerrophidion) Species is Driven by Mutation–Drift Equilibrium - Ramses Alejandro Rosales‑Garcia; Rhett M. Rautsaw; Erich P. Hofmann; Christoph I. Grünwald; Hector Franz‑Chavez; Ivan T. Ahumada‑Carrillo; Ricardo Ramirez‑Chaparro; Miguel Angel de la Torre‑Loranca; Jason L. Strickland; Andrew J. Mason; Matthew L. Holding; Miguel Borja; et al. (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2025)

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics following electrical stimulation exercises in spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial - Ashraf S. Gorgey; Refka E. Khalil; William Carter; Jeannie Rivers; Qun Chen; Edward J. Lesnefsky (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)
We examined the combined effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation-resistance training (NMES-RT) and functional electrical stimulation-lower extremity cycling (FES-LEC) compared to passive movement training (PMT) and FES-LEC on mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and citrate synthase (CS) in adults with SCI . Thirty-two participants with chronic SCI were randomized to 24 weeks of NMES-RT + FES [n = 16 (14 males and 2 females) with an age range of 20–54 years old] or PMT + FES [n = 16 (12 males and 4 females) with an age range of 21–61 years old]. The NMES-RT + FES group underwent 12 weeks of surface NMES-RT using ankle weights followed by an additional 12 weeks of FES-LEC. The PMT + FES performed 12 weeks of passive leg extension movements followed by an additional 12 weeks of FES-LEC. Using repeated measures design, muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed at baseline (BL), post-intervention 1 (P1) and post-intervention 2 (P2). Spectrophotometer was used to measure ETC complexes (I-III) and CS using aliquots of the homogenized muscle tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure skeletal muscle CSAs. A time effect was noted on CS (P = 0.001 ) with an interaction between both groups (P = 0.01 ). 46% of the participants per group had zero activities of CI without any changes following both interventions. A time effect was noted in CII ( P = 0.023 ) following both interventions. Finally, NMES-RT + FES increased CIII at P1 compared to BL ( P = 0.023) without additional changes in P2 or following PMT + FES intervention. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy may potentially enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics after SCI. NMES-RT is likely to enhance the activities of complex III in sedentary persons with SCI. Clinical trials # NCT02660073.

Fisetin: hormesis accounts for many of its chemoprotective effects - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Evgenios Agathokleous; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Japjee Parmar; Ibrahim Mssillou; Vittorio Calabrese (Biogerontology, 2025)

Multi‐Species Telemetry Quantifies Current and Future Efficacy of a Remote Marine Protected Area - Morgan E. Gilmour; Kydd Pollock; Josh Adams; Barbara A. Block; Jennifer E. Caselle; Alex Filous; Alan M. Friedlander; Edward T. Game; Elliott L. Hazen; Marie Hill; Nick D. Holmes; Kevin D. Lafferty; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Large‐scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs; > 1000 km 2 ) provide important refuge for large mobile species, but most do not encompass species' ranges. To better understand current and future LSMPA value, we concurrently tracked nine species (seabirds, cetaceans, pelagic fishes, manta rays, reef sharks) at Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef (PKMPA) in the U.S. Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument. PKMPA and the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone encompassed 39% and 54% of species movements ( n = 83; tracking duration range: 0.5–350 days), respectively. Species distribution models indicated 73% of PKMPA contained highly suitable habitat. Under two projected future scenarios (SSP 1–2.6, “Sustainability”; SSP 3–7.0, “Rocky Road”), strong sea surface temperature gradients initially could cause abrupt oceanic change resulting in predicted habitat loss in 2040–2050, followed by an equilibrium response and regained habitat by 2090–2100. Current and future suitable habitats were available adjacent to PKMPA, suggesting that increased MPA size could enhance protection. Our three‐tiered approach combining animal tracking with publicly available remote sensing data and future projected environmental scenarios could be used to design, study, and monitor protected areas throughout the world. Holistic approaches that encompass diverse species and habitat use can enhance assessments of protected area designs. Animal telemetry and remote sensing may be helpful for ascertaining the extent to which other MPAs protect large mobile species in the future.

Non-serous ovarian cancer in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: additional evidence for increased risk - Ane J. Schei-Andersen; Vera M. Witjes; Janet R. Vos; Arjen R. Mensenkamp; Anne van Altena; Jolanda Schieving; Michiel Simons; Janneke H. M. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers; Muriel A. Adank; Liselotte P. van Hest; Yvette van Ierland; Mirjam de Jong; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2025)
Increased hereditary cancer risk is one of the hallmarks of PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) which is caused by a pathogenic germline variant in PTEN . Case reports and some cohort studies have described ovarian cancer (OC) in PHTS patients. Previously, we observed an enrichment of non-serous OC in PHTS compared to sporadic cases (3% vs 1%). However, ovarian cancer is currently not considered a PHTS-related cancer. The aim of this study was to describe five PHTS patients with a pathogenic germline variant in PTEN with non-serous OC. Three of the non-serous OCs were mucinous carcinomas (49, 51 and 52 years) and two were malignant germ cell tumors (8 and 15 years) and all were diagnosed before genetic testing and PHTS diagnosis. In addition to OC, the described patients developed other PHTS-related benign and malignant lesions. We provide further evidence that non-serous ovarian cancer, especially mucinous, endometrioid and malignant germ cell tumors should be further investigated as potential PHTS-related cancers.

Antimicrobial risk assessment–Aggregating aquatic chemical and resistome emissions - Vince Bakos; Bálint Lóránt; Aimee K. Murray; Edward J. Feil; William H. Gaze; Benedek G. Plósz (Water Research, 2025)

Stochastic investigation of the relationship between track geometry and ballast degradation rates - Jose Augusto V.S. Ramos; Arthur de O. Lima; Marcus S. Dersch; J. Riley Edwards (Transportation Geotechnics, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Incorporating heterogeneity in farmer disease control behaviour into a livestock disease transmission model” Preventive Vet. Med. 219 (2023) 106019 - Edward M. Hill; Naomi S. Prosser; Paul E. Brown; Eamonn Ferguson; Martin J. Green; Jasmeet Kaler; Matt J. Keeling; Michael J. Tildesley (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2025)

Spatial variability of metal(loid) leaching from coastal colliery wastes under freshwater and saline water conditions - Catherine J. Gandy; Ian T. Burke; Patrick Byrne; Nick Cooper; Richard A. Crane; Karen A. Hudson-Edwards; William M. Mayes; Patrizia Onnis; Alex L. Riley; Adam P. Jarvis (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Quantifying impacts of seabird bycatch using genetic assignment: A case study of black-footed albatross in U.S. fisheries - Jessie N. Beck; Diana S. Baetscher; Claire Tobin; Scott V. Edwards; Simon Yung Wa Sin; Shannon Fitzgerald; Vanessa J. Tuttle; John Peschon; Wesley A. Larson (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Maize in Response to Downy Mildew Disease Caused by Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Weston) Shaw - Edward Cedrick J. Fernandez; Eliza Vie M. Simon-Ada; Jay-Vee S. Mendoza; Anand Noel C. Manohar; Roanne R. Gardoce; Tonette P. Laude; Fe M. Dela Cueva; Darlon V. Lantican (Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2025)

Correction: Benign tumors and non-melanoma skin cancers in patients with fanconi anemia - Aura Enache; Bia Sajjad; Burak Altintas; Neelam Giri; Lisa J. McReynolds; Edward W. Cowen (Familial Cancer, 2025)

CLIMF2: A climatological model of the ionospheric F2 layer. Part 1: Model methodology - Danielle J. Edwards; Thomas E. Chambers; Manuel A. Cervera (Advances in Space Research, 2025)

CLIMF2: A climatological model of the ionospheric F2 layer. Part 2: Validation and comparison with IRI - Danielle J. Edwards; Thomas E. Chambers; Manuel A. Cervera (Advances in Space Research, 2025)

Opportunity to Leverage Tactics Used by Skilled Fishers to Address Persistent Bycatch Challenges - Leslie A. Roberson; Christopher J. Brown; Carissa J. Klein; Edward T. Game; Chris Wilcox (Fish and Fisheries, 2025)
Effective management of shark bycatch is urgently needed to reverse widespread population declines, especially in longline fisheries that are estimated to be responsible for half of global shark catch. Management of shark catch typically focuses on the safe release of landed sharks, with limited attention to reducing the initial catch. Where controls on fishing effort or catch do exist, management frameworks tend to treat fishing fleets as homogeneous units. The underlying assumption is that fishers have similar abilities to catch target species and avoid bycatch. We test this assumption by analysing variability in shark bycatch rates among individual vessels in an industrial tuna longline fleet operating in the Western Pacific. Controlling for factors such as geographic location, time of day and gear depth, we find that individual vessels drive highly variable bycatch rates of blue ( Prionace glauca ) and silky sharks ( Carcharhinus falciformis ) – two shark species with the highest global catch volumes. Additionally, we found that the operating company can influence fisher performance. As countries and regional organisations increasingly adopt shark conservation plans and make international conservation commitments, it is crucial to identify viable new strategies that do not unduly burden the industry or penalise good actors. Tailoring management actions to individual fishers and companies – holding high‐bycatch fishers accountable and incentivising low‐bycatch fishers to continuously improve – presents a crucial opportunity to address the overfishing of sharks and other global bycatch challenges.

Routine large-scale movements of the yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) - Leif K. Rasmuson; Matthew T. O. Blume; Kelly A. Lawrence; Bruce M. Laughlin; Christopher A. Edwards; Mark R. Terwilliger; A. Camille Ayrea; Alexandra G. McInturf; Bryan J. Legare; Taylor K. Chapple (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Of the seven species of Pacific rockfish declared overfished in the California Current in 2008, yelloweye rockfish ( Sebastes ruberrimus ) is the only remaining overfished rockfish species. Part of the original rebuilding plan included designation of a yelloweye rockfish conservation area, a rocky reef closed off the Central Coast of Oregon that is closed to bottom fishing. The yelloweye rockfish conservation area’s ability to help rebuild the population, is predicated on the theory that demersal rockfishes are relatively sedentary. However, in the years since being declared overfished, acoustic tagging studies suggested yelloweye rockfish did not remain in the yelloweye rockfish conservation area. However, where they went remained a mystery. In this paper we describe the use of pop-off satellite tags to conduct a mark-recapture study of 11 yelloweye rockfish tagged within the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area. We used back-in-time particle tracking coupled with an ocean circulation model in an attempt to increase the precision in the location at which each tag shed off the fish, and further validated that location by associating it to the underlying seafloor habitat type. Ten out of eleven tags were shed from the fish while it was outside the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area’s boundary. While most fish remained within 50 km of the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area, one tagged fish swam to an offshore reef off Central Washington (~40 km from the shore). Backtracked locations were more likely over rock than the initial satellite transmission, indicating the method was effective at identifying tag shed locations. We found no relationship between days at large, fish sex or length and the distance between release site and shed location. Our work supports a growing body of work that suggests yelloweye rockfish have less site fidelity than previously hypothesized.

Achieving multifunctionality in green infrastructure projects: a fuzzy evaluation and Gini index of Key drivers in developing countries - S. Seidu; D. J. Edwards; D. Owusu-Manu; D. W. M. Chan; S. F. Abdulai; J. I. T. Buertey (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2025)
While many developed countries are well advanced in green infrastructure (GI), more efforts are needed to bring less developed regions to speed. Existing evidence shows that GI understanding differs significantly among stakeholders due to the multifunctionality concept. As key technical stakeholders in GI implementation, there is little empirical knowledge of the multifunctional attributes of GI systems among built environment professionals in developing regions. This study provides an in-depth analysis to fill this knowledge gap through a combination of the Gini coefficient and fuzzy synthetic evaluation toward understanding the multifunctionality concept of GI among built environment professionals in developing regions. As a measure of dispersion, the stationary driver points to a constant factor that underpins the implementation of GI across several geographic regions. The need to mitigate urban heat islands and enhance ecosystem services were revealed as the anchors among built environment professionals in supporting GI development; hence, specific attention needs to be accorded to these dimensions in GI policies. Ecosystem services, water resources management, and thermal regulation were identified as the three broad multifunctional drivers of GI in developing nations. For effective water management in GI projects, integrated green-grey infrastructure systems are recommended. To achieve thermal objectives, insulation materials are pivotal. The ecosystem properties are more passive as compared to thermal and water management; hence, specific considerations must be accorded to ensure GI success. The key contribution of the study was the delineation of the key multifunctional factors that support GI adoption and implementation success in developing regions.

Competing mechanisms for the buckling of an epithelial monolayer identified using multicellular simulation - Phillip J. Brown; J. Edward F. Green; Benjamin J. Binder; James M. Osborne (Mathematical Biosciences, 2025)

Fate of a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa bloom introduced into a subtropical estuary from a flow-managed canal and management implications - Edward J. Phlips; Susan Badylak; Eric C. Milbrandt; Benjamin Stelling; Mauricio Arias; Cassondra Armstrong; Thomas Behlmer; Amanda Chappel; Amanda Foss; David Kaplan; Leslie Landauer; Peter Landauer; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Green solutions for treating groundwater polluted with nitrates, pesticides, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes for drinking water production - Jessica Subirats; Edward J. Pastor-López; Joan Pascó; Marlene Mendoza; Miriam Guivernau; Belén Fernández; Rosa Trobajo; Marc Viñas; Carme Biel; David Sánchez; Jofre Herrero; Victor Matamoros (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

The effect of persistent exposure to thiocyanate and the impact on inhibition of ferrous iron oxidation in an industrial strain of Acidiplasma cupricumulans - Catherine J. Edward; Athanasios Kotsiopoulos; Susan T.L. Harrison (Hydrometallurgy, 2025)

The catalytic mechanism for H2 production on MgO-CaO materials through the water gas shift reaction: A DFT study - Pengfei Zhao; Yanjun Wu; Chuanjiang Yang; Ke Wang; Peisheng Li; Edward J. Anthony; Cheng Fang (Gas Science and Engineering, 2025)

Metabolite profiling and characterization of potential anticancer constituents from Garcinia subfalcata using UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS - Fengke Lin; Michael J.J. Recchia; Trevor N. Clark; Edward J. Kennelly; Roger G. Linington; Chunlin Long (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Fungal pathogen transmission dynamics in North American salamanders: Mathematical insights for disease management - Mohammad Mihrab Chowdhury; Matthew J. Gray; Edward Davis Carter; Douglas C. Woodhams; Julia A. McCartney; James G. Surles; K McKensie Nelms; Hao Gan; Angela Peace (Ecological Modelling, 2025)

Synthesis of encapsulated nanofertilizer from biogas plant digestate - Edward D. Nasser; Joel Kenneth M. Ngojo; Ramiro Emerson C. Amon; Jayvee Moore S. Dy; Julius J. Rosalia; Chosel P. Lawagon (Bioresource Technology Reports, 2025)

Dead leaf turnover in monodominant forest of the marcescent palm Lodoicea maldivica - Peter J. Edwards; Frauke Fleischer-Dogley (Oecologia, 2025)

Reproducibility of Semi-automated Quantitative Analyses of Tc-99m Pyrophosphate Uptake from Myocardial Perfusion Planar and SPECT Images - Divyani Goyal; Veronica Sandoval; Christopher Weyman; Edward J. Miller; Yi-Hwa Liu (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2025)

Ecosystem Changes Caused by Hydrological Change are Associated with Population Decline in a Formerly-Common Grazing Herbivore - W. J. Blaser-Hart; G. K. Shanungu; P. J. Edwards; J. Harms; S. P. H. Hart; G. A. Ellenbroek; H. A. M. J. van Gils; C. Simukonda; H. Olde Venterink (Ecosystems, 2025)
Few ecosystems are more sensitive to hydrological change than seasonally-flooded wetlands. Here, we investigate how changes in hydrological regimes caused by the construction of two dams have contributed to large changes in the structure and dynamics of the Kafue Flats, an internationally-important, partially-protected wetland ecosystem in Zambia. We use historical (1970) and contemporary (2013) data to describe changes in hydrology due to dam operations, and to compare the areal extent, distribution, and composition of the major wetland and dryland habitats in the pre- and post-dam periods. To understand the seasonal dynamics of the ecosystem and how these dynamics influence the seasonal movement and use of the ecosystem by the dominant grazing herbivore, the endangered Kafue lechwe, we combine data on annual hydrological variation with spatially- and/or temporally-explicit quantitative estimates of: (1) grass biomass and nutrient stocks, (2) distribution of lechwe across habitats, and (3) lechwe nutritional status. The operation of the dams has reduced hydrological variation, causing a loss of more than 50% of seasonally-flooded grasslands and probably promoting woody encroachment in some habitats. Our results demonstrate that Kafue lechwe is highly dependent on these seasonally-flooded grasslands during the dry season, when their nutritional status is otherwise critically low. In combination, we hypothesize that changes in the flooding regime driven by dam construction precipitated ecosystem-level changes that—together with other factors—may have contributed to a rapid historic, as well as ongoing decline in the lechwe population. Our study highlights potential consequences of the spatio-temporal homogenization of a previously highly variable ecosystem.

Super-Resolving and Denoising 4D flow MRI of Neurofluids Using Physics-Guided Neural Networks - Neal M. Patel; Emily R. Bartusiak; Sean M. Rothenberger; A. J. Schwichtenberg; Edward J. Delp; Vitaliy L. Rayz (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

The need for carbon finance schemes to tackle overexploitation of tropical forest wildlife - Caroline E. Milson; Jun Ying Lim; Daniel J. Ingram; David P. Edwards (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Defaunation of tropical forests, particularly from unsustainable hunting, has diminished populations of key seed dispersers for many tree species, driving shifts in forest community composition toward small‐fruited or wind‐dispersed trees with low wood density. Such shifts can reduce aboveground biomass, prompting calls for overexploitation to be included in bioeconomic policy, but a synthesis of existing literature for wildlife impacts on carbon stores is lacking. We evaluated the role of wildlife in tropical forest tree recruitment and found that it was critical to tropical forest carbon dynamics. The emerging financial value of ecosystem services provided by tropical forest fauna highlights the need for carbon‐based payments for ecosystem services schemes to include wildlife protection. We argue for three cost‐effective actions within carbon finance schemes that can facilitate wildlife protection: support land security opportunities for Indigenous peoples and local communities; provide support for local people to protect forest fauna from overexploitation; and focus on natural regeneration in restoration projects. Incorporating defaunation in carbon‐financing schemes more broadly requires an increased duration of carbon projects and an improved understanding of defaunation impacts on carbon stores and ecosystem‐level models. Without urgent action to halt wildlife losses and prevent empty forest syndrome, the crucial role of tropical forests in tackling climate change may be in jeopardy.

Light buckets and laser beams: mechanisms and applications of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy - David W. Frankowski; Luigi Ferrucci; Praveen R. Arany; Dawn Bowers; Janis T. Eells; Francisco Gonzalez-Lima; Nicole L. Lohr; Brendan J. Quirk; Harry T. Whelan; Edward G. Lakatta (GeroScience, 2025)
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, a non-thermal light therapy using nonionizing light sources, has shown therapeutic potential across diverse biological processes, including aging and age-associated diseases. In 2023, scientists from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural and Extramural programs convened a workshop on the topic of PBM to discuss various proposed mechanisms of PBM action, including the stimulation of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase, modulation of cell membrane transporters and receptors, and the activation of transforming growth factor-β1. They also reviewed potential therapeutic applications of PBM across a range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, retinal disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cognitive impairment. Workshop participants largely agreed that PBM holds immense potential as a safe and effective therapeutic approach for a wide range of age-related diseases and cognitive decline. While further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms and optimize treatment protocols, the findings presented at the NIA workshop provide strong evidence for the continued investigation and clinical translation of this promising, inexpensive, safe technology, to aging and age-associated diseases. Here, we review the research presented and discussion held at the meeting. In addition, the text has been updated, where applicable, with recent research findings that have been made since the meeting occurred.

Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Advanced and Aggressive Forms of Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies - Elkhansa Sidahmed; Stephen J. Freedland; Molin Wang; Kana Wu; Demetrius Albanes; Matt Barnett; Piet A. van den Brandt; Michael B. Cook; Graham G. Giles; Edward Giovannucci; Christopher A. Haiman; Susanna C. Larsson; et al. (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Weekend Backpack Program Tailored for Ethnic and Dietary Food Preferences: Nutrition Quality, Program Usage, and Parent Satisfaction - Jiwoo Lee; Lisa J. Harnack; Lindsey Torkilsen; Rose Bauer; Rebecca L. Freese; Winnie Yip; Maryah S. Fram; Edward A. Frongillo (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2025)

Influence of regulated water discharges on phytoplankton composition and biomass in a subtropical canal - Susan Badylak; Edward J. Phlips; Eric C. Milbrandt; Elise S. Morrison; Benjamin D. Stelling; Shin-Ah Lee; Thomas A. Frankovich; David Kaplan (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

On the impact of the vertical structure of Martian water ice clouds on nadir atmospheric retrievals from simultaneous EMM/EXI and TGO/ACS-MIR observations. - Aurélien Stcherbinine; Michael J. Wolff; Christopher S. Edwards; Oleg Korablev; Anna Fedorova; Alexander Trokhimovskiy (Icarus, 2025)

Do the hormetic effects of chlorogenic acid mediate some of the beneficial effects of coffee? - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Linda Baldwin; Evgenios Agathokleous; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Vittorio Calabrese (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2025)

Migration leads to nursery herd formation: evidence from a wild wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) population - Lee J. Hecker; Scott E. Nielsen; Mark A. Edwards (Mammal Research, 2025)

Revisiting the sustainability science research agenda - Mesfin Sahle; Shruti Ashish Lahoti; So-Young Lee; Katja Brundiers; Carena J. van Riper; Christian Pohl; Herlin Chien; Iris C. Bohnet; Noé Aguilar-Rivera; Peter Edwards; Prajal Pradhan; Tobias Plieninger; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2025)

Patterns of siderophore production and utilization at Station ALOHA from the surface to mesopelagic waters - Randelle M. Bundy; Lauren E. Manck; Daniel J. Repeta; Matthew J. Church; Nicholas J. Hawco; Rene M. Boiteau; Jiwoon Park; Edward F. DeLong; Mak A. Saito (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
The North Pacific subtropical gyre is a globally important contributor to carbon uptake despite being a persistently oligotrophic ecosystem. Supply of the micronutrient iron to the upper ocean varies seasonally to episodically, and when coupled with rapid biological consumption, results in low iron concentrations. In this study, we examined changes in iron uptake rates, along with siderophore concentrations and biosynthesis potential at Station ALOHA across time (2013–2016) and depth (surface to 500 m) to observe changes in iron acquisition and internal cycling by the microbial community. The genetic potential for siderophore biosynthesis was widespread throughout the upper water column, and biosynthetic gene clusters peaked in spring and summer along with siderophore concentrations, suggesting changes in nutrient delivery, primary production, and carbon export seasonally impact iron acquisition. Dissolved iron turnover times, calculated from iron‐amended experiments in surface (15 m) and mesopelagic (300 m) waters, ranged from 9 to 252 d. The shortest average turnover times at both depths were associated with inorganic iron additions (14 9 d) and the longest with iron bound to strong siderophores (148 225 d). Uptake rates of siderophore‐bound iron were faster in mesopelagic waters than in the surface, leading to high Fe : C uptake ratios of heterotrophic bacteria in the upper mesopelagic. The rapid cycling and high demand for iron at 300 m suggest differences in microbial metabolism and iron acquisition in the mesopelagic compared to surface waters. Together, changes in siderophore production and consumption over the seasonal cycle suggest organic carbon availability impacts iron cycling at Station ALOHA.

Canopy complexity drives positive effects of tree diversity on productivity in two tree diversity experiments - Catherine Fahey; Dennis Choi; Jianmin Wang; Grant M. Domke; Joseph D. Edwards; Songlin Fei; Stephanie N. Kivlin; Elizabeth A. LaRue; Melissa K. McCormick; William J. McShea; Richard P. Phillips; Jamie Pullen; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Forest canopy complexity (i.e., the three‐dimensional structure of the canopy) is often associated with increased species diversity as well as high primary productivity across natural forests. However, canopy complexity, tree diversity, and productivity are often confounded in natural forests, and the mechanisms of these relationships remain unclear. Here, we used two large tree diversity experiments in North America to assess three hypotheses: (1) increasing tree diversity leads to increased canopy complexity, (2) canopy complexity is positively related to tree productivity, and (3) the relationship between tree diversity and tree productivity is indirect and driven by the positive effects of canopy complexity. We found that increasing tree diversity from monocultures to mixtures of 12 species increases canopy complexity and productivity by up to 71% and 73%, respectively. Moreover, structural equation modeling indicates that the effects of tree diversity on productivity are indirect and mediated primarily by changes in internal canopy complexity. Ultimately, we suggest that increasing canopy complexity can be a major mechanism by which tree diversity enhances productivity in young forests.

Multisite evaluation of microtensiometer and osmotic cell stem water potential sensors in almond orchards - Isaya Kisekka; Srinivasa Rao Peddinti; Peter Savchik; Liyuan Yang; Mae Culumber; Khalid Bali; Luke Milliron; Erica Edwards; Mallika Nocco; Clarissa A. Reyes; Robert J. Mahoney; Kenneth Shackel; et al. (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024)

Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands - Erika L. Koontz; Sarah M. Parker; Alice E. Stearns; Brian J. Roberts; Caitlin M. Young; Lisamarie Windham-Myers; Patricia Y. Oikawa; J. Patrick Megonigal; Genevieve L. Noyce; Edward J. Buskey; R. Kyle Derby; Robert P. Dunn; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Deployment-invariant probability of detection characterization for aerial LiDAR methane detection - Michael J. Thorpe; Aaron Kreitinger; Dominic T. Altamura; Cameron D. Dudiak; Bradley M. Conrad; David R. Tyner; Matthew R. Johnson; Jason K. Brasseur; Peter A. Roos; William M. Kunkel; Asa Carre-Burritt; Jerry Abate; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Single grain K-feldspar MET-IRSL sediment transport determination: Bleaching patterns and rates - Edward J. Rhodes; Tessa M.C. Spano; Rebecca A. Hodge; André O. Sawakuchi; Dailson J. Bertassoli (Quaternary Geochronology, 2024)

Formation of vertical columnar seismic structures and seafloor depressions by groundwater discharge in the drowned Miami Terrace platform and overlying deep-water carbonates, southeastern Florida - Kevin J. Cunningham; Richard L. Westcott; Sean Norgard; Edward Robinson; Harry J. Dowsett; Marci M. Robinson (Marine Geology, 2024)

Representing biodiversity decline data by manipulating familiar audio files to create emotional responses: A novel sonification method of soundwave-level deletion - Edward J. Martin; Thomas R. Meagher; Daniel Barker (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Interpretable machine learning tools to analyze PM2.5 sensor network data so as to quantify local source impacts and long-range transport - Benjamin de Foy; Ross Edwards; Khaled Shaifullah Joy; Shahid Uz Zaman; Abdus Salam; James J. Schauer (Atmospheric Research, 2024)

A Transcriptomic Comparative Study of Cranial Vasculature - Jianing Zhang; Jee-Yeon Ryu; Selena-Rae Tirado; Lawrence D. Dickinson; Aviva Abosch; M. Ali Aziz-Sultan; Alan S. Boulos; Daniel L. Barrow; H. Hunt Batjer; Tamar R. Binyamin; Spiros L. Blackburn; Edward F. Chang; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2024)

Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs - Edward J. Primka; Shujun Chen; Lingyun Wan; Daolin Du; Hailin Zhang; Rodney Will; Chris B. Zou (Plant and Soil, 2024)
Background and aims Woody plant encroachment poses a significant threat to grasslands globally, and in the southcentral USA, juniper ( Juniperus virginiana ) is rapidly taking over large areas of grasslands. Despite ongoing research, the reasons behind the rapid encroachment of juniper species in Oklahoma remain elusive. We hypothesized that the interaction between juniper canopy, aeolian, and wet-deposition processes lead to a modification in trace-element inputs through stemflow and throughfall. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in determining the success of juniper encroachment. Methods We measured the influx of trace-elements in stemflow and throughfall beneath juniper canopies of different sizes, contrasting the results with those obtained under ambient precipitation. Results Our research unveiled a significant influence of the juniper canopy on trace-element inputs via stemflow and throughfall. Specifically, there was a significant increase in manganese, boron, and chlorine inputs, coupled with a decrease in copper inputs. Additionally, there was an increase in most cations and sulfate. Results Our results indicate that juniper encroachment alters the profile of trace-element, cation, and anion inputs beneath their canopies. Increased levels of manganese and reduction of copper inputs into the ecosystem may enhance the juniper growth, creating a positive feedback mechanism that could contribute to the success of juniper and other woody encroachers.

Phosphatidic acid is involved in regulation of autophagy in neurons in vitro and in vivo - Maximilian Schiller; Gregory C. Wilson; Simone Keitsch; Matthias Soddemann; Barbara Wilker; Michael J. Edwards; Norbert Scherbaum; Erich Gulbins (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2024)
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe psychiatric disease, which does not only lead to variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but unfortunately in a relatively large proportion of cases also to suicide. The pathogenesis of MDD still requires definition. We have previously shown that ceramide is increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD. In mouse models of MDD, which are induced by treatment with corticosterone or application of chronic unpredictable stress, increased blood plasma ceramide also increased and caused an inhibition of phospholipase D in endothelial cells of the hippocampus and reduced phosphatidic acid levels in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrated that corticosterone treatment of PC12 cells resulted in reduced cellular autophagy, which is corrected by treatment with phosphatidic acid. In vivo, treatment of mice with corticosterone or chronic unpredictable stress also reduced autophagy in hippocampus neurons. Autophagy was normalized upon i.v. injection of phosphatidic acid in these mouse models of MDD. In an attempt to identify targets of phosphatidic acid in neurons, we demonstrated that corticosterone reduced levels of the ganglioside GM1 in PC-12 cells and the hippocampus of mice, which were normalized by treatment of cells or i.v. injection of mice with phosphatidic acid. GM1 application also normalized autophagy in cultured neurons. Phosphatidic acid and GM1 corrected stress-induced alterations in behavior, i.e., mainly anxiety and anhedonia, in experimental MDD in mice. Our data suggest that phosphatidic acid may regulate via GM1 autophagy in neurons.

Recommendation for Clarifying FDA Policy in Evaluating “Sameness” of Higher Order Structure for Generic Peptide Therapeutics - Jessica A. Rogers-Crovak; Edward J. Delaney; David J. Detlefsen (The AAPS Journal, 2024)
Recognizing the approach of a dramatic expansion of peptide therapeutics reaching the marketplace in recent years, led by GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and liraglutide, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) branch of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final guidance in 2021 that was intended to assist generic drug producers in meeting Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) obligations to establish “sameness” of their active peptide drug relative to that produced by innovator companies. Research and a published report by FDA scientists on best practices followed, which promulgated the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and principal component analysis (PCA) and established a quantitative standard by which “sameness” of higher order structure for the applicant’s peptide drug could be judged. A key requirement is that drug product samples be analyzed directly and non-invasively, a condition which in practice restricts sample modification to the addition of a small amount of deuterium oxide to allow signal lock and spectral data alignment (as required for NMR analysis). In the study described herein, data are presented to illustrate that 1) relatively small differences in sample pH can cause significant shifting of certain proton resonances, 2) that such resonance shifting is readily reversible and due to the degree of protonation of specific amino acid residues (rather than reflecting differences in higher order structure), and 3) that small differences in pH variability between sample cohorts can frequently cause failure to meet the quantitative benchmark established by the agency. Methodology is presented by which drug sample pHs can be aligned with minimal impact, and a recommendation is made that minor sample pH adjustments be allowed in assessing “sameness” of peptide drug higher order structure. Graphical Abstract

Improving monitoring network design to detect leaks at hazardous facilities: Lessons from a CO2 storage site - Hyoun-Tae Hwang; Sung-Wook Jeen; Seong-Sun Lee; Seung-Wook Ha; Steven J. Berg; Killian L. Miller; Edward A. Sudicky; Kang-Kun Lee (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Reimagining agrochemical pollution mitigation: Leveraging hormesis for sustainable environmental solutions - Evgenios Agathokleous; Raul Narciso C. Guedes; Edward J. Calabrese (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Experimental constraints on barium isotope fractionation during adsorption–desorption reactions: Implications for weathering and erosion tracer applications - Alasdair C.G. Knight; Edward T. Tipper; Harold J. Bradbury; Alexandra V. Turchyn; Christoff Andermann; Heye Freymuth; Tim Elliott; Luke Bridgestock (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Quantifying the effect of fixed structures on rail stress management: A numerical investigation - Kamyar Kosarneshan; Marcus S. Dersch; J. Riley Edwards (Engineering Structures, 2024)

Upgraded syngas through selective partial oxidation of tar using Ni-doped LaFeO3 with tuned oxidation potential - Hang Yang; Ming Zhao; Yi Lv; Ghulam Tariq; Paul S. Fennell; Edward J. Anthony (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Identification and quantification of phosphate turnover indicators after long-term compost application – long-term and single season effects - Daniel J. Wanke; Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe; Johannes Günther; Jolanda E. Reusser; Tobias Edward Hartmann; Huaiyu Yang; Wei Zhang; Xinping Chen; Torsten Müller (Plant and Soil, 2024)
Background and aims Soil organic phosphorus (P org ) is of interest for plant nutrition because it can comprise between 20 and 80% of total soil phosphate (P). This study aims to examine the effect of compost application on soil phosphatases and microbial biomass, which influence the P turnover and, furthermore, to examine the speciation of P org . Methods Soil from a long-term field experiment (since 1997) which compares compost application with inorganic fertilization was analyzed for calcium-acetate-lactate extractable P (CAL-P), Olsen-P, acid (Acid-P ase ) and alkaline (Alk-P ase ) phosphatase activity and microbial biomass P. P org speciation was additionally analyzed with liquid-state 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-NMR). Results We found a significant increasing long-term effect of high compost application (equivalent to 400 kg ha −1 N (400)) on Acid-P ase (45%) and Alk-P ase (58%). After compost application, Acid-P ase increased by 41% in treatment 400 (3 days after compost application (DAA)). The 31 P-NMR analysis showed a significant increase of inorganic orthophosphate (55%) after high compost application. Furthermore, the total phosphomonoester region was significantly decreased in the treatment 400 (8%). Conclusions We demonstrated that long-term compost application increases phosphatase activity which plays a key role in the mineralization of soil P org . In particular, the decrease of the concentration of P org species in the phosphomonoester region in the treatment 400 with high compost application highlights that an increased turnover affects this soil P pool and may provide P to plants. This knowledge provides a better understanding of how the P cycle responds to long-term compost fertilization.

Benign tumors and non-melanoma skin cancers in patients with Fanconi anemia - Aura Enache; Bia Sajjad; Burak Altintas; Neelam Giri; Lisa J. McReynolds; Edward W. Cowen (Familial Cancer, 2024)
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by pathogenic variants in the FA/BRCA DNA repair pathway genes. Individuals with FA have an elevated risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the most effective treatment for FA related bone marrow failure but can increase the risk of cancer development. Information on benign tumors and NMSC is lacking in patients with FA. Our objective was to characterize patients with FA enrolled in the National Cancer Institute IBMFS Study who have experienced non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and/or benign tumors (BT). A total of 200 patients diagnosed with FA were enrolled in the Institutional Review Board approved study “Etiologic Investigation of Cancer Susceptibility in IBMFS: A Natural History Study” (NCT00027274). Through medical records review, we identified 30 patients with at least one NMSC, either squamous or basal cell carcinoma, or benign tumor. The remaining 170 patients comprised the control group. Out of 200 patients, 12 had NMSC, 25 had benign tumors, with an age range of 11–64 and 0–56 years, respectively. The median age at HCT was 30.5 years for NMSC patients, 9 years for benign tumor patients, and 9.1 years for controls. The most common genotype observed was FANCA , followed by FANCC and FANCI . Benign tumors spanned diverse anatomical locations. Early onset NMSC in patients with FA compared to the general population emphasizes the need for consistent monitoring in patients with FA, while the diverse anatomical locations of benign tumors underscore the importance of comprehensive surveillance for timely interventions in managing symptomatology and heightened cancer risk.

Comparing the effects of various fluid resuscitative strategies on Glycocalyx damage in a canine hemorrhage model - Alan J. Weaver; Emilee C. Venn; Rebekah Ford; Nicole Ewer; Kim E. Hildreth; Charnae E. Williams; Christina E. Duncan; Cheresa L. Calhoun; Lonnie E. Grantham; Guillaume L. Hoareau; Thomas H. Edwards (The Veterinary Journal, 2024)

Potential of nature-based solutions to reduce antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogens in aquatic ecosystems. a critical review - Edward J. Pastor-López; Mònica Escolà; Vaidotas Kisielius; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Ana M. Gorito; Sandra Ramos; Vânia Freitas; Laura Guimarães; C. Marisa R. Almeida; Jochen A. Müller; Eberhard Küster; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Dietary supplementation with quercetin alleviates fescue toxisis-induced cardiovascular toxicity by modulating detoxification enzymes through the AHR/NRF2/ABCC1 signaling pathways - Jing Ge; Sarah Layne Shelby; Yongjie Wang; Palika Dias Morse; Ken Coffey; J. Lannett Edwards; Tuoyu Geng; Jinlong Li; Yan Huang (Food Bioscience, 2024)

Oocyte maturation, blastocyst and embryonic development are mediated and enhanced via hormesis - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Compositional change of bacterial communities in oil-polluted seawater amid varying degrees of nanoplankton bacterivory - Chi Hung Tang; Edward J. Buskey (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed consumption on endocrine changes associated with intake regulation and post-absorptive metabolism in growing steers - Mindy E. King; Hannah M. Herzing; Kyle R. McLeod; James L. Klotz; Andrew P. Foote; J. Lannett Edwards; David L. Harmon (Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2024)

Manipulation of Farmed Wetlands Increases use by Migrating Shorebirds and Ducks - Dustin L. Toy; Michael J. Anteau; Aaron T. Pearse; Edward S. DeKeyser; David C. Roberts (Wetlands, 2024)
The Drift Prairie, in central North America, has been largely converted from grasslands to croplands, but still contains thousands of wetlands used by shorebirds and waterfowl during breeding and migration periods. Consequently, many of the remaining wetlands are situated within cropland where disturbance regimes (i.e., fire, grazing, and water-level dynamics), which occurred naturally prior to agricultural development, have been highly altered by landscape fragmentation from agriculture practices. Currently, smaller wetlands within crop fields are subject to disturbances stemming from agricultural practices (i.e., manipulations), such as burning, disking, harvesting, and mowing. We evaluated vegetation structure of idled (i.e., not recently manipulated by farming practices) and manipulated agricultural wetlands to investigate whether management method or resulting vegetation structure had greater influence on occurrence probabilities and densities of dabbling ducks and shorebirds during spring. All manipulation methods reduced vegetation heights compared to idled wetlands and most manipulations reduced the proportion of vegetation cover in inundated areas. Wetland manipulations generally increased shorebird occurrence compared to idled wetlands, whereas vegetation variables better explained duck occurrence probabilities. Duck occurrence peaked in wetlands with lower vegetation coverage (32%), and duck densities decreased as vegetation coverage increased beyond 10%. While more studies are needed to understand underlying mechanisms driving these outcomes, our results indicate that including periodic disturbances that reduce dense vegetation within wetlands in agricultural fields would increase their use by migrating and breeding shorebirds and dabbling ducks.

Optimizing photosynthetic light-harvesting under stars: simple and general antenna models - Samir Chitnavis; Callum Gray; Ifigeneia Rousouli; Edward Gillen; Conrad W. Mullineaux; Thomas J. Haworth; Christopher D. P. Duffy (Photosynthesis Research, 2024)
In the next 10–20 years, several observatories will aim to detect the signatures of oxygenic photosynthesis on exoplanets, though targets must be carefully selected. Most known potentially habitable exo-planets orbit cool M-dwarf stars, which have limited emission in the photosynthetically active region of the spectrum (PAR, $$400< λ < 700$$ 400 < λ < 700 nm) used by Earth’s oxygenic photoautotrophs. Still, recent experiments have shown that model cyanobacteria, algae, and non-vascular plants grow comfortably under simulated M-dwarf light, though vascular plants struggle. Here, we hypothesize that this is partly due to the different ways they harvest light, reflecting some general rule that determines how photosynthetic antenna structures may evolve under different stars. We construct a simple thermodynamic model of an oxygenic antenna-reaction centre supercomplex and determine the optimum structure, size and absorption spectrum under light from several star types. For the hotter G (e.g. the Sun) and K-stars, a small modular antenna is optimal and qualitatively resembles the PSII-LHCII supercomplex of higher plants. For the cooler M-dwarfs, a very large antenna with a steep ’energy funnel’ is required, resembling the cyanobacterial phycobilisome. For the coolest M-dwarfs an upper limit is reached, where increasing antenna size further is subject to steep diminishing returns in photosynthetic output. We conclude that G- and K-stars could support a range of niches for oxygenic photo-autotrophs, including high-light adapted canopy vegetation that may generate detectable bio-signatures. M-dwarfs may only be able to support low light-adapted organisms that have to invest considerable resources in maintaining a large antenna. This may negatively impact global coverage and therefore detectability.

Lattice 123 pattern for automated Alzheimer’s detection using EEG signal - Sengul Dogan; Prabal Datta Barua; Mehmet Baygin; Turker Tuncer; Ru-San Tan; Edward J. Ciaccio; Hamido Fujita; Aruna Devi; U. Rajendra Acharya (Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2024)
This paper presents an innovative feature engineering framework based on lattice structures for the automated identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Inspired by the Shannon information entropy theorem, we apply a probabilistic function to create the novel Lattice123 pattern, generating two directed graphs with minimum and maximum distance-based kernels. Using these graphs and three kernel functions (signum, upper ternary, and lower ternary), we generate six feature vectors for each input signal block to extract textural features. Multilevel discrete wavelet transform (MDWT) was used to generate low-level wavelet subbands. Our proposed model mirrors deep learning approaches, facilitating feature extraction in frequency and spatial domains at various levels. We used iterative neighborhood component analysis to select the most discriminative features from the extracted vectors. An iterative hard majority voting and a greedy algorithm were used to generate voted vectors to select the optimal channel-wise and overall results. Our proposed model yielded a classification accuracy of more than 98% and a geometric mean of more than 96%. Our proposed Lattice123 pattern, dynamic graph generation, and MDWT-based multilevel feature extraction can detect AD accurately as the proposed pattern can extract subtle changes from the EEG signal accurately. Our prototype is ready to be validated using a large and diverse database.

The glass from the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia, 12th-13th centuries) - David J. Govantes-Edwards; Almudena Velo; Alicia Hernández-Robles; José Ángel González-Ballesteros; Chloe Duckworth (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2024)
This article presents an assemblage of 36 glass samples excavated in the urban site of San Esteban, part of the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia) (in al-Andalus, an arrabal was a relatively dense urbanised area outside the city walls) in contexts securely dated to the 12th and early 13th century, spanning the rule of Ibn Mardanīš, and the early period of Almohad domination in the city. The samples were analysed by electron microprobe (EMPA) for major and minor elements and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for trace elements. The results are examined within the context of glass production, circulation, and consumption in al-Andalus and the Islamicate Mediterranean more broadly. The results show that some of the glasses found in San Esteban-Arrixaca may have been imported from other Islamicate regions (Egypt and Mesopotamia), but that the vast majority can be related to previously recognised compositional Iberian glass groups. At the same time, the identification of several fragments of production waste and raw glass suggest that some glass-working facility may have existed in the vicinity of San Esteban-Arrixaca. The compositional evidence also indicates that recycling (including of imported glass objects) may have been a fairly common practice in Andalusi glassmaking, but it is suggested that some of the usual chemical markers of recycling may, in the case of al-Andalus and perhaps also elsewhere in the medieval Mediterranean, be the result of the cross-breeding of glass- and glaze-making activities.

Tracking aquatic animals for fisheries management in European waters - Aytaç Özgül; Kim Birnie‐Gauvin; David Abecasis; Josep Alós; Kim Aarestrup; Jan Reubens; Jon Bolland; Altan Lök; Jena E. Edwards; Polona Pengal; Marie Prchalová; Milan Říha; et al. (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2024)
Acoustic telemetry (AT) has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring aquatic animals in both European inland and marine waters over the past two decades. The European Tracking Network (ETN) initiative has played a pivotal role in promoting collaboration among AT researchers in Europe and has led to a significant increase in the number of tagged and observed aquatic animals in transboundary European waters. While AT benefits decision‐making and delivers essential data to management bodies, its potential for management decision‐making mechanisms has yet to be fully harnessed. We reviewed existing research, studies, and organisational initiatives related to aquatic animal tracking and their utility in fisheries management in European waters. We found that AT has already contributed to many aspects of fisheries management, such as improved understanding of stock dynamics, identification of critical habitats, assessment of migration routes, and evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation measures. However, broader utilisation of tracking technologies is needed. By leveraging the full potential of AT, managers can make more informed decisions to protect, restore, and sustainably manage European waters and creatures that live therein.

Defining an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome: International Consensus Statement - Emma Short; Ian M. Adcock; Bilal Al-Sarireh; Ann Ager; Ramzi Ajjan; Naveed Akbar; Michael A. Akeroyd; Ghada Alsaleh; Ghada Al-Sharbatee; Kambiz Alavian; Winfried Amoaku; Julie Andersen; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased health span. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehensive classification and staging systems for ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndromes. This will allow societies to better identify, quantify, understand and meet the healthcare, workforce, well-being and socioeconomic needs of ageing populations, whilst supporting the development and utilisation of interventions to prevent or to slow, halt or reverse the progression of ageing-related pathologies. The foundation for developing such classification and staging systems is to define the scope of what constitutes an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome. To this end, a consensus meeting was hosted by the International Consortium to Classify Ageing-Related Pathologies (ICCARP), on February 19, 2024, in Cardiff, UK, and was attended by 150 recognised experts. Discussions and voting were centred on provisional criteria that had been distributed prior to the meeting. The participants debated and voted on these. Each criterion required a consensus agreement of ≥ 70% for approval. The accepted criteria for an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome were (1) develops and/or progresses with increasing chronological age; (2) should be associated with, or contribute to, functional decline or an increased susceptibility to functional decline and (3) evidenced by studies in humans. Criteria for an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome have been agreed by an international consortium of subject experts. These criteria will now be used by the ICCARP for the classification and ultimately staging of ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndromes.

The impact of exercise on food-related inhibitory control— do calories, time of day, and BMI matter? Evidence from an event-related potential (ERP) study - Kaylie A. Carbine; James D. LeCheminant; Tracy A. Kelley; Anita Kapila-Ramirez; Kyle Hill; Travis Masterson; Edward Christensen; Michael J. Larson (Appetite, 2024)

Nature-based solutions for antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance removal in tertiary wastewater treatment: Microbiological composition and risk assessment - Edward J. Pastor-Lopez; Mònica Escola Casas; Dominik Hellman; Jochen A. Müller; Víctor Matamoros (Water Research, 2024)

A data-driven approach to quantify track buckling strength through the development and application of a Track Strength Index (TSI) - Sadaf Shafie Zadeh A.; J. Riley Edwards; Arthur de O. Lima; Marcus S. Dersch; Paula Palma (Transportation Geotechnics, 2024)

Human recombinant interleukin-6 improves the morphological quality of cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine blastocysts - Mary A. Oliver; Savannah L. Speckhart; J. Lannett Edwards; Michelle L. Rhoads; Alan D. Ealy (Theriogenology, 2024)

Moche chronology of ancient Peru: Bayesian assessment of radiocarbon dates and ceramic styles from north to south - Michele L. Koons; Branden Cesare Rizzuto; Lisa Trever; Alicia Boswell; Augusto Bazán Pérez; Luis A. Muro Ynoñán; Gabriel Prieto; Carlos Rengifo; Kayeleigh Sharp; Edward Swenson; Hugo Ikehara-Tsukayama; Jessica Ortiz Zevallos; et al. (Quaternary International, 2024)

Anaerobic microbial metabolism in soil columns affected by highly alkaline pH: Implication for biogeochemistry near construction and demolition waste disposal sites - Haeun Min; Edward J. O'Loughlin; Man Jae Kwon (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Tarda and Tagish Lake: Samples from the same outer Solar System asteroid and implications for D- and P-type asteroids - Devin L. Schrader; Edward A. Cloutis; Daniel M. Applin; Jemma Davidson; Zachary A. Torrano; Dionysis Foustoukos; Conel M. O'D. Alexander; Kenneth J. Domanik; Moe Matsuoka; Tomoki Nakamura; Thomas J. Zega; Gregory A. Brennecka; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

The impact of adsorption–desorption reactions on the chemistry of Himalayan rivers and the quantification of silicate weathering rates - Alasdair C.G. Knight; Emily I. Stevenson; Luke Bridgestock; J. Jotautas Baronas; William J. Knapp; Basanta Raj Adhikari; Christoff Andermann; Edward T. Tipper (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

Proximity Labelling Confirms the Involvement of Papain-Like Cysteine Proteases and Chaperones in Cyclotide Biosynthesis - Meng-Han Lee; Mark A. Jackson; Fabian B. H. Rehm; Deborah S. Barkauskas; Wing L. Ho; Kuok Yap; David J. Craik; Edward K. Gilding (Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2024)
Cyclotides are disulfide-rich insecticidal peptides from plants that harbour a cyclic cystine knot motif that imparts them with high stability. Like most ribosomally encoded peptides, cyclotides are produced as precursor proteins that are subsequently processed to maturity through proteolytic activity. Although the final maturation of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 (kB1) is known to involve asparaginyl endopeptidases, the role of the in planta folding machinery is less well characterized, as is also the case for in planta N-terminal processing enzyme(s). Here, we used proximity labelling to identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of kB1 in both a cyclotide-bearing plant species, Petunia × hybrida [Regel], and in Nicotiana benthamiana [Domin] that does not naturally produce cyclotides. Together, several ER resident chaperones, protein disulfide isomerases, a papain-like cysteine protease, and an asparaginyl endopeptidase were identified in the kB1 interactome. We found that overexpression of the identified papain-like cysteine protease resulted in an improvement in the yield of cyclic kB1, while this was not the case for the overexpression of protein disulfide isomerases, despite their interaction being verified using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Together, these results provide a significant advance in our understanding of the role of auxiliary biosynthetic elements for heterologous cyclotide production in plants.

Praxelis cleggiae (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Praxeliinae), a new species from the granite inselbergs in the east of the Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia - D. J. Nicholas Hind; Sara L. Edwards (Kew Bulletin, 2024)
Summary Praxelis cleggiae (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Praxeliinae) is described and illustrated from the granite inselbergs (upon which it is most common), and on road crown chippings on old roads, in the Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia; it has a disjunct distribution and is also found on the Serranía San Simón, in the San Ignacio Schist belt, Departamento de Beni. Material of this species was mostly determined as P. insignis (Malme) R.M.King & H.Rob., a Brazilian species, described from the metamorphosed sandstone of what is now the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães in Mato Grosso State. The two species have some superficial resemblance, but differ significantly in plant size, internode length (relative to leaf length), branching, leaf shape and size, phyllaries, achenes and pappus. The total number of species of Praxelis recognised in Bolivia is now seven, and 20 species in the genus worldwide.

Hot and Fresh: Evidence of Climate-Related Suboptimal Water Conditions for Seagrass in a Large Gulf Coast Estuary - Marcus W. Beck; Kerry Flaherty-Walia; Sheila Scolaro; Maya C. Burke; Bradley T. Furman; David J. Karlen; Christopher Pratt; Christopher J. Anastasiou; Edward T. Sherwood (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Seagrasses have long been a focal point for management efforts aimed at restoring ecosystem health in estuaries worldwide. In Tampa Bay, Florida (USA), seagrass coverage has declined since 2016 by nearly a third (11,518 acres), despite sustained reductions of nitrogen loads supportive of light environments for growth. Changing physical water quality conditions related to climate change may be stressing seagrasses beyond their optimal growth ranges, requiring an assessment to determine if this decline can be linked to climate stress. Three ambient water quality datasets of varying sampling designs and coverage were evaluated to characterize physicochemical environments in Tampa Bay and the potential relationships with seagrass change. Tampa Bay has become hotter and fresher with water temperature increasing by 0.03–0.04 °C per year and salinity decreasing by 0.04–0.06 ppt per year, translating to an increase of 1.3 to 1.7 °C and a decrease of 1.6 to 2.6 ppt over the last 50 years. Additionally, the number of days when temperature was above 30 °C or salinity was below 25 ppt has increased on average across all bay segments by 48 and 37 days, respectively, since 1975. These changes varied spatially and seasonally, with the most dramatic changes observed in the upper bay. Generalized Additive Models provided a weight-of-evidence that recent seagrass declines are somewhat associated with hotter and fresher conditions. Trends in warming and increased precipitation in the region are likely to continue, further creating suboptimal conditions for seagrasses in Tampa Bay. These results should compel resource managers to consider the likelihood that reduced resilience of estuarine resources due to shifting ecological baselines driven by additional climate change drivers will complicate long-standing management paradigms. While conventional management approaches that focus on limiting nutrient loads should be continued, their future effectiveness may be confounded by climate change drivers and warrant additional, complementary interventions and continuous monitoring data to support ecosystem health into the future.

Wind dispersed tree species have greater maximum height - Ferry Slik; Bruno X. Pinho; Daniel M. Griffith; Edward Webb; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Adriano C. Quaresma; Aida Cuni Sanchez; Aisha Sultana; Alexandre F. Souza; Andreas Ensslin; Andreas Hemp; Andrew Lowe; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim We test the hypothesis that wind dispersal is more common among emergent tree species given that being tall increases the likelihood of effective seed dispersal. Location Americas, Africa and the Asia‐Pacific. Time period 1970–2020. Major taxa studied Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Methods We used a dataset consisting of tree inventories from 2821 plots across three biogeographic regions (Americas, Africa and Asia‐Pacific), including dry and wet forests, to determine the maximum height and dispersal strategy of 5314 tree species. A web search was used to determine whether species were wind‐dispersed. We compared differences in tree species maximum height between biogeographic regions and examined the relationship between species maximum height and wind dispersal using logistic regression. We also tested whether emergent tree species, that is species with at least one individual taller than the 95% height percentile in one or more plots, were disproportionally wind‐dispersed in dry and wet forests within each biogeographic region. Results Our dataset provides maximum height values for 5314 tree species, of which more than half (2914) had no record of this trait in existing global databases. We found that, on average, tree species in the Americas have lower maximum heights compared to those in Africa and the Asia Pacific. The probability of wind dispersal increased significantly with tree species maximum height and was significantly higher among emergent than non‐emergent tree species in both dry and wet forests in all three biogeographic regions. Main conclusion Wind dispersal is more prevalent in tall, emergent tree species than in non‐emergent species and may thus be an important factor in the evolution of tree species maximum height. By providing the most comprehensive dataset so far of tree species maximum height and wind dispersal strategies, this study paves the way for advancing our understanding of the eco‐evolutionary drivers of tree size.

Between a rock and a hard place: A geosocial approach to water insecurity in Kabul - Mohammad Daud Hamidi; Marco J. Haenssgen; Milica Vasiljevic; Hugh Chris Greenwell; Edward G.J. Stevenson (Water Security, 2024)

University herbaria are uniquely important - Erika J. Edwards; Brent D. Mishler; Charles D. Davis (Trends in Plant Science, 2024)

Sustainable mining in tropical, biodiverse landscapes: Environmental challenges and opportunities in the archipelagic Philippines - Justine Perry T. Domingo; Gawen R.T. Jenkin; Laura Quick; Richard D. Williams; Karen A. Hudson-Edwards; Cecilia Tortajada; Patrick Byrne; Tom J. Coulthard; Jenielyn T. Padrones; Rich Crane; Cris Reven L. Gibaga; Grigorios Vasilopoulos; et al. (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024)

Spatial and temporal variability of martian water-ice cloud effective radius in EMIRS thermal infrared observations - Samuel A. Atwood; Michael D. Smith; Michael J. Wolff; Khalid Badri; Christopher S. Edwards; Philip R. Christensen; Alain S.J. Khayat; M.R. El-Maarry (Icarus, 2024)

Pyrrhotites in asteroid 162173 Ryugu: Records of the initial changes on their surfaces with aqueous alteration - Hiroharu Yui; Shu-hei Urashima; Morihiko Onose; Mayu Morita; Shintaro Komatani; Izumi Nakai; Yoshinari Abe; Yasuko Terada; Hisashi Homma; Kazuko Motomura; Kiyohiro Ichida; Tetsuya Yokoyama; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Nitrogen fertilizer and plant density affect maize residue quantity and quality more than previous crop and genotype - Alejo Ruiz; Jode W. Edwards; Michael J. Castellano; Brenda L. Gambin; Mark A. Licht; Kenneth J. Moore; Sotirios V. Archontoulis (European Journal of Agronomy, 2024)

Newly discovered letter: why Muller failed to cite the negative mouse mutation findings of Snell, preserving his chances to receive the Nobel Prize - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)

Meals for the dead: investigating Romano-British accessory vessels in burials using organic residue analysis - Julie Dunne; Edward Biddulph; Lucy J. E. Cramp; Caitlin Greenwood; Enid Allison; Jeremy Evans; Richard Helm; Bekky Hillman; Malcolm Lyne; Nigel Page; Caroline Rann; Richard P. Evershed (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2024)
Accessory vessels, including platters, dishes, beakers, flagons, jars, and amphorae, are a common feature of Romano-British burials, raising questions as to their provenance; for example, were such vessels recycled from the domestic sphere or made specially for funerary purposes? Furthermore, uncertainty surrounds their purpose: did they contain foods for the deceased, possibly for their final journey to the underworld? Interestingly, organic residue analysis of vessels from Baginton, a site adjacent to The Lunt fort, Coventry, an early (mid to late first century) Roman military cremation cemetery did not yield evidence for food offerings and may have reflected the use of seconds or damaged vessels in burials, perhaps to provide a symbolic meal. In contrast, here we provide, for the first time, direct chemical and isotopic evidence for ‘meals for the dead’, comprising mainly dairy products, often mixed with leafy plants, extracted from somewhat unusual accessory vessels found in a small, enclosed inhumation cemetery, perhaps associated with a family group, which dates to the late (third to late fourth century, or early fifth century A.D) in urban Canterbury. Thus, we can confirm that accessory vessels found in later Romano-British burials were, in this instance, used in the laying out of funerary meals, presumably to nourish the soul on the journey to the underworld. These preliminary insights on vessel use and burial practices across the span of the Roman occupation of Britain thus provide a strong hint at the diversity of Roman burial practices.

Further investigation into the impact of manuring on stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values in pulses: a four-year experiment examining Celtic bean (Vicia faba) - Edward R. Treasure; Darren R. Gröcke; Jonathan J. Lester; Rosie R. Bishop; Samuel E. Jackson; Mike J. Church (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2024)
Plant stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope values can be used to directly investigate crop husbandry practices such as manuring; a key variable in understanding the scale and intensity of past farming practices. We present new results from a four-year experiment examining the impact of manuring on the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of a heritage cultivar of the broad or faba bean ( Vicia faba ), the ‘Celtic black broad bean’. This paper builds upon our previous pilot study (Treasure ER, Church MJ, Gröcke DR (2016) The influence of manuring on stable isotopes (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) in Celtic bean ( Vicia faba L.): archaeobotanical and palaeodietary implications. Archaeol Anthropol 8:555–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0243-6 ). Our results indicate that manuring increased δ 15 N values in beans, with a mean value of 0.5 ± 0.4‰ in control samples compared to a mean value of 2.1 ± 1.3‰ in the most intensively manured plots. It was not always possible to distinguish between an unmanured and manured crop on the basis of δ 15 N values, although manured crops consistently exhibited larger variation in δ 15 N. Bean δ 13 C values show no clear relationship with manuring, although large variability (> 3‰) was found within crops cultivated under the same conditions. Manuring also increased plant biomass production, seed-size and the bean per plant ratio. Overall, we suggest that high δ 15 N values (> 1.5‰) in archaeobotanical remains of pulses can be attributed to small-scale, intensive cultivation that is typical of gardens where manuring rates are very intensive.

Resistance response of yellow maize inbreds and F1 crosses against Philippine downy mildew [Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Weston) C.G. Shaw] - Eliza Vie M. Simon-Ada; Jay-Vee S. Mendoza; Edward Cedrick J. Fernandez; John Paolo P. Nuñez; Fe M. Dela Cueva; Anand Noel C. Manohar; Roanne R. Gardoce; Tonette P. Laude; Darlon V. Lantican (Crop Protection, 2024)

Estimating the scope, scale, and contribution of direct seafood marketing to the United States seafood sector - Sahir Advani; Jeffrey K. O’Hara; Sarah M. Shoffler; Patricia Pinto da Silva; Juan Agar; JuliAnna Arnett; Lilian Brislen; Matthew Cutler; Abigail Harley; Justin Hospital; Karma Norman; Edward Ragland; et al. (Marine Policy, 2024)

Drinking water sources, quality, and associated health outcomes in Appalachian Virginia: A risk characterization study in two counties - Alasdair Cohen; Md Rasheduzzaman; Bethesda O'Connell; Teresa Brown; Mami Taniuchi; Leigh-Anne Krometis; Alan Hubbard; Phillip Scheuerman; Marc Edwards; Amanda Darling; Blaine Pennala; Sarah Price; et al. (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2024)

Nitrogen fertilizer replacement value of stockpiled and rotted dairy cattle manures for corn (Zea mays L.) from a long-term study - Bao-Luo Ma; Chang Liang; Edward G. Gregorich; Neil B. McLaughlin; Malcolm J. Morrison; Lianne M. Dwyer (Field Crops Research, 2024)

TTCF4LAMMPS: A toolkit for simulation of the non-equilibrium behaviour of molecular fluids at experimentally accessible shear rates - Luca Maffioli; James P. Ewen; Edward R. Smith; Sleeba Varghese; Peter J. Daivis; Daniele Dini; B.D. Todd (Computer Physics Communications, 2024)

Fostering effective and sustainable scientific collaboration and knowledge exchange: a workshop-based approach to establish a national ecological observatory network (NEON) domain-specific user group - Alison Donnelly; Ankur R. Desai; Katherine A. Heckman; Lucas E. Nave; Michael J. Cramer; Marie Faust; Peter Weishampel; Caleb Slemmons; Christian G. Andresen; Edward Ayres; Stacy R. Cotey; Kathryn M. Docherty; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2024)
The decision to establish a network of researchers centers on identifying shared research goals. Ecologically specific regions, such as the USA’s National Ecological Observatory Network’s (NEON’s) eco-climatic domains, are ideal locations by which to assemble researchers with a diverse range of expertise but focused on the same set of ecological challenges. The recently established Great Lakes User Group (GLUG) is NEON’s first domain specific ensemble of researchers, whose goal is to address scientific and technical issues specific to the Great Lakes Domain 5 (D05) by using NEON data to enable advancement of ecosystem science. Here, we report on GLUG’s kick off workshop, which comprised lightning talks, keynote presentations, breakout brainstorming sessions and field site visits. Together, these activities created an environment to foster and strengthen GLUG and NEON user engagement. The tangible outcomes of the workshop exceeded initial expectations and include plans for (i) two journal articles (in addition to this one), (ii) two potential funding proposals, (iii) an assignable assets request and (iv) development of classroom activities using NEON datasets. The success of this 2.5-day event was due to a combination of factors, including establishment of clear objectives, adopting engaging activities and providing opportunities for active participation and inclusive collaboration with diverse participants. Given the success of this approach we encourage others, wanting to organize similar groups of researchers, to adopt the workshop framework presented here which will strengthen existing collaborations and foster new ones, together with raising greater awareness and promotion of use of NEON datasets. Establishing domain specific user groups will help bridge the scale gap between site level data collection and addressing regional and larger ecological challenges.

Trophic strategies of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton vary over time and with depth in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre - Kyle F. Edwards; Yoshimi M. Rii; Qian Li; Logan M. Peoples; Matthew J. Church; Grieg F. Steward (Environmental Microbiology, 2024)
In oligotrophic oceans, the smallest eukaryotic phytoplankton are both significant primary producers and predators of abundant bacteria such as Prochlorococcus . However, the drivers and consequences of community dynamics among these diverse protists are not well understood. Here, we investigated how trophic strategies along the autotrophy‐mixotrophy spectrum vary in importance over time and across depths at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. We combined picoeukaryote community composition from a 28‐month time‐series with traits of diverse phytoplankton isolates from the same location, to examine trophic strategies across 13 operational taxonomic units and 8 taxonomic classes. We found that autotrophs and slower‐grazing mixotrophs tended to prevail deeper in the photic zone, while the most voracious mixotrophs were relatively abundant near the surface. Within the mixed layer, there was greater phagotrophy when conditions were most stratified and when Chl a concentrations were lowest, although the greatest temporal variation in trophic strategy occurred at intermediate depths (45–100 m). Dynamics at this site are consistent with previously described spatial patterns of trophic strategies. The success of relatively phagotrophic phytoplankton at shallower depths in the most stratified waters suggests that phagotrophy is a competitive strategy for acquiring nutrients when energy from light is plentiful.

Deliberately introduced dung beetles in A ustralia: 12 years of occurrence and abundance records from 2001 to 2022 - Jacob D. Berson; Penelope B. Edwards; T. James Ridsdill‐Smith; Christopher K. Taylor; Daniel J. Anderson; Nigel R. Andrew; Russell A. Barrow; David A. Cousins; Robert N. Emery; Laura L. Fagan; Rhiannon M. Foster; Lucas G. Harwood; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Since 1968, the Australian Dung Beetle Project has carried out field releases of 43 deliberately introduced dung beetle species for the biological control of livestock dung and dung‐breeding pests. Of these, 23 species are known to have become established. For most of these species, sufficient time has elapsed for population expansion to fill the extent of their potential geographic range through both natural and human‐assisted dispersal. Consequently, over the last 20 years, extensive efforts have been made to quantify the current distribution of these introduced dung beetles, as well as the seasonal and spatial variation in their activity levels. Much of these data and their associated metadata have remained unpublished, and they have not previously been synthesized into a cohesive dataset. Here, we collate and report data from the three largest dung beetle monitoring projects from 2001 to 2022. Together, these projects encompass data collected from across Australia, and include records for all 23 species of established dung beetles introduced for biocontrol purposes. In total, these data include 22,718 presence records and 213,538 absence records collected during 10,272 sampling events at 546 locations. Most presence records (97%) include abundance data. In total, 1,752,807 dung beetles were identified as part of these data. The distributional occurrence and abundance data can be used to explore questions such as factors influencing dung beetle species distributions, dung beetle biocontrol, and insect‐mediated ecosystem services. These data are provided under a CC‐BY‐NC 4.0 license and users are encouraged to cite this data paper when using the data.

Environmental behaviour of iron and steel slags in coastal settings - Alex L. Riley; James Cameron; Ian T. Burke; Patrizia Onnis; John M. MacDonald; Catherine J. Gandy; Richard A. Crane; Patrick Byrne; Sean Comber; Adam P. Jarvis; Karen A. Hudson-Edwards; William M. Mayes (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024)
Iron and steel slags have a long history of both disposal and beneficial use in the coastal zone. Despite the large volumes of slag deposited, comprehensive assessments of potential risks associated with metal(loid) leaching from iron and steel by-products are rare for coastal systems. This study provides a national-scale overview of the 14 known slag deposits in the coastal environment of Great Britain (those within 100 m of the mean high-water mark), comprising geochemical characterisation and leaching test data (using both low and high ionic strength waters) to assess potential leaching risks. The seaward facing length of slag deposits totalled at least 76 km, and are predominantly composed of blast furnace (iron-making) slags from the early to mid-20th Century. Some of these form tidal barriers and formal coastal defence structures, but larger deposits are associated with historical coastal disposal in many former areas of iron and steel production, notably the Cumbrian coast of England. Slag deposits are dominated by melilite phases (e.g. gehlenite), with evidence of secondary mineral formation (e.g. gypsum, calcite) indicative of weathering. Leaching tests typically show lower element (e.g. Ba, V, Cr, Fe) release under seawater leaching scenarios compared to deionised water, largely ascribable to the pH buffering provided by the former. Only Mn and Mo showed elevated leaching concentrations in seawater treatments, though at modest levels (<3 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L, respectively). No significant leaching of potentially ecotoxic elements such as Cr and V (mean leachate concentrations <0.006 mg/L for both) were apparent in seawater, which micro-X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (μXANES) analysis show are both present in slags in low valence (and low toxicity) forms. Although there may be physical hazards posed by extensive erosion of deposits in high-energy coastlines, the data suggest seawater leaching of coastal iron and steel slags in the UK is likely to pose minimal environmental risk.

Photogrammetry scans for neuroanatomy education - a new multi-camera system: technical note - André S. B. Oliveira; Luciano C. P. C. Leonel; Megan M. J. Bauman; Alessandro De Bonis; Edward R. LaHood; Stephen Graepel; Michael J. Link; Carlos D. Pinheiro-Neto; Nirusha Lachman; Jonathan M. Morris; Maria Peris-Celda (Neuroinformatics, 2024)

Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails - Paul M. Mayer; Kelly D. Moran; Ezra L. Miller; Susanne M. Brander; Stacey Harper; Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo; Victor Carrasco-Navarro; Kay T. Ho; Robert M. Burgess; Leah M. Thornton Hampton; Elise F. Granek; Margaret McCauley; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Steppe-tundra composition and deglacial floristic turnover in interior Alaska revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) - Charlotte L. Clarke; Peter D. Heintzman; Youri Lammers; Alistair J. Monteath; Nancy H. Bigelow; Joshua D. Reuther; Ben A. Potter; Paul D.M. Hughes; Inger G. Alsos; Mary E. Edwards (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Corrigendum to “Characterization of the mode of action of eCry1Gb.1Ig, a fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) active protein, with a novel site of action” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology volume 201 (2024) 105881] - Paul J. Zwack; Yuexuan Wu; Chris Leininger; Jennifer Williams; Edward E. Richards; Chase Wood; Sarah Wong; Matthew Bramlett (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2024)

Temporal and spatial drivers of the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with Laminaria hyperborea detritus in the northeast Atlantic - Adam Gouraguine; Dan A. Smale; Arwyn Edwards; Nathan G. King; Mathilde Jackson-Bué; Sean Kelly; Hannah S. Earp; Pippa J. Moore (Marine Environmental Research, 2024)

Experimental and theoretical constraints on lithium isotope fractionation during brine evaporation and halite precipitation - Yongjie Lin; Marcello Merli; Paolo Censi; Simon A.T. Redfern; Yue Zhao; Qing-Zhu Yin; Mianping Zheng; Xudong Yu; Yongsheng Zhang; William J. Knapp; Edward T. Tipper (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Correction to: Drought and deluge: the recurrence of hydroclimate extremes during the past 600 years in eastern Australia’s Natural Resource Management (NRM) clusters - Jonathan G. Palmer; Danielle Verdon‑Kidd; Kathryn J. Allen; Philippa Higgins; Benjamin I. Cook; Edward R. Cook; Christian S. M. Turney; Patrick J. Baker (Natural Hazards, 2024)

Muller and mutations: mouse study of George Snell (a postdoc of Muller) fails to confirm Muller’s fruit fly findings, and Muller fails to cite Snell’s findings - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)

Quantification of age-related changes in the structure and mechanical function of skin with multiscale imaging - Alan E. Woessner; Nathan J. Witt; Jake D. Jones; Edward A. Sander; Kyle P. Quinn (GeroScience, 2024)
The mechanical properties of skin change during aging but the relationships between structure and mechanical function remain poorly understood. Previous work has shown that young skin exhibits a substantial decrease in tissue volume, a large macro-scale Poisson’s ratio, and an increase in micro-scale collagen fiber alignment during mechanical stretch. In this study, label-free multiphoton microscopy was used to quantify how the microstructure and fiber kinematics of aged mouse skin affect its mechanical function. In an unloaded state, aged skin was found to have less collagen alignment and more non-enzymatic collagen fiber crosslinks. Skin samples were then loaded in uniaxial tension and aged skin exhibited a lower mechanical stiffness compared to young skin. Aged tissue also demonstrated less volume reduction and a lower macro-scale Poisson’s ratio at 10% uniaxial strain, but not at 20% strain. The magnitude of 3D fiber realignment in the direction of loading was not different between age groups, and the amount of realignment in young and aged skin was less than expected based on theoretical fiber kinematics affine to the local deformation. These findings provide key insights on how the collagen fiber microstructure changes with age, and how those changes affect the mechanical function of skin, findings which may help guide wound healing or anti-aging treatments.

Amyloid β accelerates age-related proteome-wide protein insolubility - Edward Anderton; Manish Chamoli; Dipa Bhaumik; Christina D. King; Xueshu Xie; Anna Foulger; Julie K. Andersen; Birgit Schilling; Gordon J. Lithgow (GeroScience, 2024)
Loss of proteostasis is a highly conserved feature of aging across model organisms and results in the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates. Protein insolubility is also a unifying feature of major age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), in which hundreds of insoluble proteins associate with aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in senile plaques. Despite the connection between aging and AD risk, therapeutic approaches to date have overlooked aging-driven generalized protein insolubility as a contributing factor. However, proteins that become insoluble during aging in model organisms are capable of accelerating Aβ aggregation in vitro and lifespan in vivo. Here, using an unbiased proteomics approach, we questioned the relationship between Aβ and age-related protein insolubility. Specifically, we uncovered that Aβ expression drives proteome-wide protein insolubility in C. elegans , even in young animals, and this insoluble proteome is highly similar to the insoluble proteome driven by normal aging, this vulnerable sub-proteome we term the core insoluble proteome (CIP). We show that the CIP is enriched with proteins that modify Aβ toxicity in vivo, suggesting the possibility of a vicious feedforward cycle in the context of AD. Importantly, using human genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we show that the CIP is replete with biological processes implicated not only in neurodegenerative diseases but also across a broad array of chronic, age-related diseases (CARDs). This provides suggestive evidence that age-related loss of proteostasis could play a role in general CARD risk. Finally, we show that the geroprotective, gut-derived metabolite, Urolithin A, relieves Aβ toxicity, supporting its use in clinical trials for dementia and age-related diseases.

Validation of an on-farm portable blood analyzer for quantifying blood analytes in dairy cows - Sophia J. Kendall; Sophia E. Green; Sophia M. Edwards; Garrett R. Oetzel; Heather M. White (Research in Veterinary Science, 2024)

Characterization of the mode of action of eCry1Gb.1Ig, a fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) active protein, with a novel site of action - Paul J. Zwack; Yuexuan Wu; Chris Leininger; Jennifer Williams; Edward E. Richards; Chase Wood; Sarah Wong; Matthew Bramlett (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2024)

Speculations on the Paleozoic legacy of Gondwana amalgamation - J. Brendan Murphy; R. Damian Nance; Stephen T. Johnston; Josep M. Casas; Peter A. Cawood; Edward J. Matheson; Peir K. Pufahl; Wei Dan; J. Javier Álvaro; Philip J. Heron; Rob A. Strachan (Gondwana Research, 2024)

RUTIN, a widely consumed flavonoid, that commonly induces hormetic effects - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: “What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?” and “Do We Have Them?” - Mark Chandy; Thomas Hill; Nerea Jimenez-Tellez; Joseph C. Wu; S. Emma Sarles; Edward Hensel; Qixin Wang; Irfan Rahman; Daniel J. Conklin (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2024)

Persistence of imidacloprid in trunk injected horse chestnut and its impact on Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) - Urszula Walczak; Marian J. Giertych; Edward Baraniak (Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2024)

Damage to tropical forests caused by cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics - Thomas Ibanez; David Bauman; Shin‐ichiro Aiba; Thomas Arsouze; Peter J. Bellingham; Chris Birkinshaw; Philippe Birnbaum; Timothy J. Curran; Saara J. DeWalt; John Dwyer; Thierry Fourcaud; Janet Franklin; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Each year, an average of 45 tropical cyclones affect coastal areas and potentially impact forests. The proportion of the most intense cyclones has increased over the past four decades and is predicted to continue to do so. Yet, it remains uncertain how topographical exposure and tree characteristics can mediate the damage caused by increasing wind speed. Here, we compiled empirical data on the damage caused by 11 cyclones occurring over the past 40 years, from 74 forest plots representing tropical regions worldwide, encompassing field data for 22,176 trees and 815 species. We reconstructed the wind structure of those tropical cyclones to estimate the maximum sustained wind speed (MSW) and wind direction at the studied plots. Then, we used a causal inference framework combined with Bayesian generalised linear mixed models to understand and quantify the causal effects of MSW, topographical exposure to wind (EXP), tree size (DBH) and species wood density ( ρ ) on the proportion of damaged trees at the community level, and on the probability of snapping or uprooting at the tree level. The probability of snapping or uprooting at the tree level and, hence, the proportion of damaged trees at the community level, increased with increasing MSW, and with increasing EXP accentuating the damaging effects of cyclones, in particular at higher wind speeds. Higher ρ decreased the probability of snapping and to a lesser extent of uprooting. Larger trees tended to have lower probabilities of snapping but increased probabilities of uprooting. Importantly, the effect of ρ decreasing the probabilities of snapping was more marked for smaller than larger trees and was further accentuated at higher MSW. Our work emphasises how local topography, tree size and species wood density together mediate cyclone damage to tropical forests, facilitating better predictions of the impacts of such disturbances in an increasingly windier world.

Long- and short-term soil storage methods other than freezing can be useful for DNA-based microbial community analysis - Joseph D. Edwards; Sarah J. Love; Richard P. Phillips; Songlin Fei; Grant Domke; John D. Parker; Melissa McCormick; Elizabeth A. LaRue; Jennifer A. Schweitzer; Joseph K. Bailey; James Fordyce; Stephanie N. Kivlin (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

A half-cell reaction approach for pH calculation using a solid-state chloride ion-selective electrode with a hydrogen ion-selective ion-sensitive field effect transistor - S. Fisher Gonski; George W. Luther; Amanda L. Kelley; Todd R. Martz; Elliott G. Roberts; Xinyu Li; Bo Dong; Jordan A. Watson; Taylor S. Wirth; Najid Hussain; Randy J. Feris Serrano; Edward Hale; et al. (Marine Chemistry, 2024)

Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms - Claire L. Szostek; Andrew Edwards-Jones; Nicola J. Beaumont; Stephen C.L. Watson (Environmental Science & Policy, 2024)

Taurine induces hormesis in multiple biological models: May have transformative implications for overall societal health - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Rachna Kapoor; Gaurav Dhawan; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2024)

Correction to: The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh‑Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer‑Civiello; Rodrigo Beas‑Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)

The Kelp Forest ﻿Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh-Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer-Civiello; Rodrigo Beas-Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)
Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp forests are entirely absent from the international conservation dialogue. No international laws, policies, or targets focus on kelp forests and very few countries consider them in their national policy. The Kelp Forest Challenge addresses that gap. Together with 252 kelp experts, professionals, and citizens from 25 countries, the Kelp Forest Challenge was developed as a grassroots vision of what the world can achieve for kelp forest conservation. It is a global call to restore 1 million and protect 3 million hectares of kelp forests by 2040. This is a monumental challenge, that will require coordination across multiple levels of society and the mobilization of immense resources. Pledges may therefore include area for protection or restoration, enabling pledges which assist in conservation (funding, equipment, professional expertise, capacity building), or awareness-based pledges which increase awareness or education about kelp forests. Correspondingly, participants may be from government, scientific institutions, private sector, NGOs, community groups, or individuals. This challenge is the beginning of a 17-year mission to save our kelp forests and anyone and any organisation is invited to participate.

Differential advances in budburst timing among black spruce, white spruce and balsam fir across Canada - Diego S. Podadera; Lorena Balducci; Sergio Rossi; Fabrizio Cartenì; Valérie Néron; Rémi Saint-Amant; Stefano Mazzoleni; Jacques Régnière; Eric R.D. Moise; Joseph J. Bowden; Jean-Noël Candau; Alain Dupont; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Host and geography impact virus diversity in New Zealand’s longfin and shortfin eels - Stephanie J. Waller; Eimear Egan; Shannan Crow; Anthony Charsley; P. Mark Lokman; Erica K. Williams; Edward C. Holmes; Jemma L. Geoghegan (Archives of Virology, 2024)
The fishing and aquaculture industry is vital for global food security, yet viral diseases can result in mass fish die-off events. Determining the viromes of traditionally understudied species, such as fish, enhances our understanding of the global virosphere and the factors that influence virome composition and disease emergence. Very little is known about the viruses present in New Zealand’s native fish species, including the shortfin eel ( Anguilla australis ) and the longfin eel ( Anguilla dieffenbachii ), both of which are fished culturally by Māori (the indigenous population of New Zealand) and commercially. Through a total RNA metatranscriptomic analysis of longfin and shortfin eels across three different geographic locations in the South Island of New Zealand, we aimed to determine whether viruses had jumped between the two eel species and whether eel virome composition was impacted by life stage, species, and geographic location. We identified nine viral species spanning eight different families, thereby enhancing our understanding of eel virus diversity in New Zealand and the host range of these viral families. Viruses of the family Flaviviridae (genus Hepacivirus ) were widespread and found in both longfin and shortfin eels, indicative of cross-species transmission or virus-host co-divergence. Notably, both host specificity and geographic location appeared to influence eel virome composition, highlighting the complex interaction between viruses, hosts, and their ecosystems. This study broadens our understanding of viromes in aquatic hosts and highlights the importance of gaining baseline knowledge of fish viral abundance and diversity, particularly in aquatic species that are facing population declines.

Flavonoids commonly induce hormetic responses - Edward J. Calabrese; A. Wallace Hayes; Peter Pressman; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)

Stimulation of small phytoplankton drives enhanced sinking particle formation in a subtropical ocean eddy - Haoran Liu; Thomas J. Browning; Edward A. Laws; Yibin Huang; Lei Wang; Yiwei Shang; Xiaogang Xing; Kuanbo Zhou; Zong‐Pei Jiang; Xin Liu; Bangqin Huang; Minhan Dai (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Nutrient transfer into the sunlit surface ocean by cyclonic eddies is potentially crucial for sustaining primary productivity in the stratified subtropical gyres. However, the nature of productivity enhancements, including the flow of matter to higher trophic levels and its impact on carbon fluxes, remain poorly resolved. Here, we report a detailed assessment of the biogeochemical response to a cyclonic eddy in the subtropical Northwest Pacific via a combination of ship‐based and autonomous platforms. Primary production was enhanced twofold within the eddy core relative to reference sites outside, whereas phytoplankton biomass even decreased. Pico‐phytoplankton ( μ m) dominated (> 80%) both phytoplankton biomass and primary production inside and outside the eddy. The stimulated primary production in the eddy core was accompanied by an approximately twofold increase in mesozooplankton abundance, an approximately threefold increase in particle formation in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer, as well as significantly enhanced surface oceanic CO 2 uptake and net community production. We suggest these observations carry important implications for understanding carbon export in the subtropical ocean and highlight the need to include such subtropical eddy features in ocean carbon budget analyses.

The distinctive weathering crust habitat of a High Arctic glacier comprises discrete microbial micro‐habitats - Sara M. E. Rassner; Joseph M. Cook; Andrew C. Mitchell; Ian T. Stevens; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; Andrew J. Hodson; Arwyn Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2024)
Sunlight penetrates the ice surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets, forming a water‐bearing porous ice matrix known as the weathering crust. This crust is home to a significant microbial community. Despite the potential implications of microbial processes in the weathering crust for glacial melting, biogeochemical cycles, and downstream ecosystems, there have been few explorations of its microbial communities. In our study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics of a Svalbard glacier surface catchment to characterise the microbial communities within the weathering crust, their origins and destinies, and the functional potential of the weathering crust metagenome. Our findings reveal that the bacterial community in the weathering crust is distinct from those in upstream and downstream habitats. However, it comprises two separate micro‐habitats, each with different taxa and functional categories. The interstitial porewater is dominated by Polaromonas , influenced by the transfer of snowmelt, and exported via meltwater channels. In contrast, the ice matrix is dominated by Hymenobacter , and its metagenome exhibits a diverse range of functional adaptations. Given that the global weathering crust area and the subsequent release of microbes from it are strongly responsive to climate projections for the rest of the century, our results underscore the pressing need to integrate the microbiome of the weathering crust with other communities and processes in glacial ecosystems.

An innovative diffusion-theory based assessment of inherent barriers in urban green drainage infrastructure systems - Sakibu Seidu; David J. Edwards; De-Graft Owusu-Manu; Joseph I.T. Buertey (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2024)

Distribution, intensity, and timing of palagonitization in glaciovolcanic deposits, Cracked Mountain volcano, Canada - Sophia Leiter; James K. Russell; Michael J. Heap; Rene W. Barendregt; Sasha Wilson; Ben Edwards (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2024)

The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services - Stephen C.L. Watson; Paul J. Somerfield; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Antony M. Knights; Andrew Edwards-Jones; Joana Nunes; Christine Pascoe; Caroline Louise McNeill; Michaela Schratzberger; Murray S.A. Thompson; Elena Couce; Claire L. Szostek; et al. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2024)

Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development - Melissa J. Marchese; Tianyi Zhu; Andrew B. Hawkey; Katherine Wang; Emi Yuan; Jinchen Wen; Sara E. Be; Edward D. Levin; Liping Feng (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Overprinting orogenic events, ductile extrusion and strain partitioning during Caledonian transpression, NW Mainland Shetland - Timothy B. Armitage; Robert E. Holdsworth; Robin A. Strachan; Edward D. Dempsey; Richard J. Walker; Diana T. Alvarez-Ruiz; Geoffrey E. Lloyd (Journal of Structural Geology, 2024)

Temperature-dependent microbial reactions by indigenous microbes in bentonite under Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing conditions - Su-Young Park; Yidan Zhang; Edward J. O’Loughlin; Ho Young Jo; Jang-Soon Kwon; Man Jae Kwon (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Reaction pathways and Sb(III) minerals formation during the reduction of Sb(V) by Rhodoferax ferrireducens strain YZ-1 - Yidan Zhang; Maxim I. Boyanov; Edward J. O’Loughlin; Kenneth M. Kemner; Robert A. Sanford; Han-Suk Kim; Soo-Chan Park; Man Jae Kwon (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Biomonitoring tool for New Zealand peatlands: Testate amoebae and vascular plants as promising bioindicators - Michelle M. McKeown; Olivia R. Burge; Sarah J. Richardson; Jamie R. Wood; Edward A.D. Mitchell; Janet M. Wilmshurst (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Adverse consequences of herbicide residues on legumes in dryland agriculture - Ronald J. Yates; Emma J. Steel; Tom J. Edwards; Robert J. Harrison; Belinda F. Hackney; John G. Howieson (Field Crops Research, 2024)

Time outdoors and residential greenness are associated with reduced systemic inflammation and allostatic load - Andrey I. Egorov; Shannon M. Griffin; Jennifer N. Styles; Jason Kobylanski; Jo Klein; Lindsay Wickersham; Rebecca Ritter; Elizabeth Sams; Edward E. Hudgens; Timothy J. Wade (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Microglial inflammation in genome instability: A neurodegenerative perspective - Nina L. Maliar; Emily J. Talbot; Abigail R. Edwards; Svetlana V. Khoronenkova (DNA Repair, 2024)

Delayed leaf greening involves a major shift in the expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomes to plastid ribosomes in the highly phosphorus-use-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) - Toby Bird; Benjamin J. Nestor; Philipp E. Bayer; Guannan Wang; Albina Ilyasova; Clément E. Gille; Bryce E. H. Soraru; Kosala Ranathunge; Anita A. Severn-Ellis; Ricarda Jost; Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible; Maheshi Dassanayake; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2024)
Background and aims Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is a highly phosphorus-use-efficient plant native to southwest Australia. It maintains a high photosynthetic rate at low leaf phosphorus (P) and exhibits delayed leaf greening, a convergent adaptation that increases nutrient-use efficiency. This study aimed to provide broad physiological and gene expression profiles across leaf development, uncovering pathways leading from young leaves as nutrient sinks to mature leaves as low-nutrient, energy-transducing sources. Methods To explore gene expression underlying delayed greening, we analysed a de novo transcriptome for H. prostrata across five stages of leaf development. Photosynthesis and respiration rates, and foliar pigment, P and nitrogen (N) concentrations were determined, including the division of P into five biochemical fractions. Key results Transcripts encoding functions associated with leaf structure generally decreased in abundance across leaf development, concomitant with decreases in foliar concentrations of 85% for anthocyanins, 90% for P and 70% for N. The expression of genes associated with photosynthetic function increased during or after leaf expansion, in parallel with increases in photosynthetic pigments and activity, much later in leaf development than in species that do not have delayed greening. As leaves developed, transcript abundance for cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins generally declined, whilst transcripts for chloroplast ribosomal proteins increased. Conclusions There was a much longer temporal separation of leaf cell growth from chloroplast development in H. prostrata than is found in species that lack delayed greening. Transcriptome-guided analysis of leaf development in H. prostrata provided insight into delayed greening as a nutrient-saving strategy in severely phosphorus-impoverished landscapes.

Environmental drivers of biogeography and community structure in a Mid-Atlantic estuary - Haley A. Oleynik; Joseph J. Bizzarro; Edward A. Hale; Aaron B. Carlisle (Oecologia, 2024)
Estuaries include some of the most productive yet anthropogenically impacted marine ecosystems on the planet, and provide critical habitat to many ecologically and economically important marine species. In order to elucidate ecological function in estuaries, we must understand what factors drive community dynamics. Delaware Bay is the third largest estuary in the United States and hosts over 200 species of migrant and resident fishes and invertebrates. The Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife has conducted two long-term trawl surveys at monthly intervals in Delaware Bay since 1966. The two surveys collect data on environmental conditions, species composition, and number of fishes and macroinvertebrates across different size classes and life histories. Using a suite of multivariate approaches including hierarchical cluster analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, we characterized the fish and macroinvertebrate community in Delaware Bay and found that community composition and environmental conditions varied across spatial and seasonal scales. We identified four distinct biogeographic regions, based on environmental conditions and community composition, which were consistent across surveys. We found that the community was driven primarily by gradients in temperature and salinity and that abundant, frequently occurring species in the Bay have well-defined environmental associations. Our work represents the first attempt to use an existing historical survey to better understand how environmental parameters influence diversity and distribution of macrofauna within Delaware Bay, providing insight into how abiotic variables, influenced by climate, may impact the Delaware Bay ecosystem and similar estuarine ecosystems worldwide.

Drought and deluge: the recurrence of hydroclimate extremes during the past 600 years in eastern Australia’s Natural Resource Management (NRM) clusters - Jonathan G. Palmer; Danielle Verdon-Kidd; Kathryn J. Allen; Philippa Higgins; Benjamin I. Cook; Edward R. Cook; Christian S. M. Turney; Patrick J. Baker (Natural Hazards, 2024)
Recent extremes of flood and drought across Australia have raised questions about the recurrence of such rare events and highlighted the importance of understanding multi-decadal climate variability. However, instrumental records over the past century are too short to adequately characterise climate variability on multi-decadal and longer timescales or robustly determine extreme event frequencies and their duration. Palaeoclimate reconstructions can provide much-needed information to help address this problem. Here, we use the 600-year hydroclimate record captured in the eastern Australian and New Zealand Drought Atlas (ANZDA) to analyse drought and pluvial frequency trends for East Australian Natural Resource Management (NRM) clusters. This partitioning of the drought atlas grid points into recognised biophysical areas (i.e. NRM clusters) revealed their differences and similarities in drought intensity and pluvial events over time. We find sustained multi-decadal periods of a wet–dry geographic 'seesaw' between eastern to central and southern NRMs (e.g. 1550–1600 CE and 1700–1750 CE). In contrast, other periods reveal spatially consistent wetting (e.g. 1500–1550 CE) or drying (e.g. 1750–1800 CE). Emerging hot spot analysis further shows that some areas that appear naturally buffered from severe drought during the instrumental period have a greater exposure risk when the longer 600-year record is considered. These findings are particularly relevant to management plans when dealing with the impacts of climate extremes developed at regional scales. Our results demonstrate that integrating and extending instrumental records with palaeoclimate datasets will become increasingly important for developing robust and locally specific extreme event frequency information for managing water resources.

State of the California Current Ecosystem report in 2022: a tale of two La Niñas - Andrew R. Thompson; Rasmus Swalethorp; Michaela Alksne; Jarrod A. Santora; Elliott L. Hazen; Andrew Leising; Erin Satterthwaite; William J. Sydeman; Clarissa R. Anderson; Toby D. Auth; Simone Baumann-Pickering; Timothy Baumgardner; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
2022 marked the third consecutive La Niña and extended the longest consecutive stretch of negative Oceanic Niño Index since 1998-2001. While physical and biological conditions in winter and spring largely adhered to prior La Niña conditions, summer and fall were very different. Similar to past La Niña events, in winter and spring coastal upwelling was either average or above average, temperature average or below average, salinity generally above average. In summer and fall, however, upwelling and temperature were generally average or slightly below average, salinity was close to average and chlorophyll a was close to average. Again, as during prior La Niña events, biomass of northern/southern copepods was above/below average off Oregon in winter, and body size of North Pacific krill in northern California was above average in winter. By contrast, later in the year the abundance of northern krill dropped off Oregon while southern copepods increased and body sizes of North Pacific krill fell in northern California. Off Oregon and Washington abundances of market squid and Pacific pompano (indicators of warm, non-typical La Niña conditions) were high. In the 20 th century, Northern anchovy recruitment tended to be high during cold conditions, but despite mostly warm conditions from 2015-2021 anchovy populations boomed and remained high in 2022. Resident seabird reproductive success, which tended in the past to increase during productive La Niña conditions was highly variable throughout the system as common murre and pelagic cormorant, experienced complete reproductive failure at Yaquina Head, Oregon while Brandt’s cormorant reproduction was average. At three sampling locations off central California, however, common murre reproduction was close to or above average while both pelagic and Brandt’s cormorant were above average. California sealion reproduction has been above average each year since 2016, and pup weight was also above average in 2022, likely in response not to La Niña or El Niño but continuous high abundance of anchovy. The highly variable and often unpredictable physical and biological conditions in 2022 highlight a growing recognition of disconnects between basin-scale indices and local conditions in the CCE. “July-December 2022 is the biggest outlier from individual “strong” La Niña (events) ever going back to the 50s.” – Nate Mantua

Evaluating ecological benefits of oceanic protected areas - Arthur Blanluet; Edward T. Game; Daniel C. Dunn; Jason D. Everett; Amanda T. Lombard; Anthony J. Richardson (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Treated water from oil and gas extraction as an unconventional water resource for agriculture in the Anadarko Basin - Alban Echchelh; Justin M. Hutchison; Stephen J. Randtke; Edward Peltier (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

“Knitted” tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 ether sulfonate as reusable and practical hydrophilic adsorbent for aqueous Cs+ sequestration - John Edward L. Sio; Erwin C. Escobar; Grace M. Nisola; Khino J. Parohinog; Negasi T. Weldesemat; Hern Kim; Wook-Jin Chung (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Pervasive aqueous alteration in the early Solar System revealed by potassium isotopic variations in Ryugu samples and carbonaceous chondrites - Yan Hu; Frédéric Moynier; Wei Dai; Marine Paquet; Tetsuya Yokoyama; Yoshinari Abe; Jérôme Aléon; Conel M. O'D. Alexander; Sachiko Amari; Yuri Amelin; Ken-ichi Bajo; Martin Bizzarro; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Quercetin induces its chemoprotective effects via hormesis - Edward J. Calabrese; A. Wallace Hayes; Peter Pressman; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Environmental data monitoring and infection risks in UK care-homes in the context of COVID-19 - Kishwer Abdul Khaliq; Sara Mohamad; Alexander J. Edwards; Catherine Noakes; Andrew H. Kemp; Carl Thompson; Gráinne McGill; Tim Sharpe (Building and Environment, 2024)

SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 display limited neuronal infection and lack the ability to transmit within synaptically connected axons in stem cell–derived human neurons - Jasmina M. Luczo; Sarah J. Edwards; Katie Ardipradja; Willy W. Suen; Gough G. Au; Glenn A. Marsh; Nathan Godde; Christina L. Rootes; John Bingham; Vinod Sundaramoorthy (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2024)
Sarbecoviruses such as SARS and SARS-CoV-2 have been responsible for two major outbreaks in humans, the latter resulting in a global pandemic. While sarbecoviruses primarily cause an acute respiratory infection, they have been shown to infect the nervous system. However, mechanisms of sarbecovirus neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we examined the infectivity and trans-synaptic transmission potential of the sarbecoviruses SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in human stem cell–derived neural model systems. We demonstrated limited ability of sarbecoviruses to infect and replicate in human stem cell–derived neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated an inability of sarbecoviruses to transmit between synaptically connected human stem cell–derived neurons. Finally, we determined an absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in olfactory neurons in experimentally infected ferrets. Collectively, this study indicates that sarbecoviruses exhibit low potential to infect human stem cell–derived neurons, lack an ability to infect ferret olfactory neurons, and lack an inbuilt molecular mechanism to utilise retrograde axonal trafficking and trans-synaptic transmission to spread within the human nervous system.

Evolution of hormesis research: a bibliometric analysis - Evgenios Agathokleous; Edward J. Calabrese (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)

Planktonic habitats in the Amazon Plume region of the Western Tropical North Atlantic - Anh H. Pham; Noémie Choisnard; Ana Fernández-Carrera; Ajit Subramaniam; Erica K. Strope; Edward J. Carpenter; Maren Voss; Joseph P. Montoya (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
The Western Tropical North Atlantic is a highly dynamic marine system where the Amazon River Plume (ARP) generates a patchwork of environmental conditions that favor different phytoplankton groups. To study phytoplanktonic community structure in such heterogeneous conditions, we used a set of five standard ship-based measurements taken from oceanographic surveys between 2010 and 2021 to characterize different habitat types. We then utilized a variety of multiparametric approaches to examine phytoplankton biodiversity in the different habitats to assess the biological relevance of our delineated habitats. Our approach generated a consistent set of habitat types across cruises carried out in multiple different years and the Amazon’s two predominant (wet and dry) seasons. Our phytoplankton community analyses revealed strong distinctions among all habitats along the plume gradient using in-vivo fluorescence and diagnostic pigments, and clear contrasts of diazotroph community along the mesohaline waters using direct cell-count, a pattern consistent with niche partitioning among similar species. The few apparent mismatches we found between phytoplankton community composition and habitat may reflect recent hydrographic changes driven by mixing and/or upwelling and thus may be a useful index to biologically-relevant temporal variation. Our habitat classification approach is straightforward and broadly applicable in identifying biologically distinct areas within heterogeneous and dynamic regions of the ocean.

Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake kinetics in cultures of two novel picoplankton groups responsible for a recent bloom event in a subtropical estuary (Indian River Lagoon, Florida) - Joshua R. Papacek; Patrick W. Inglett; Edward J. Phlips; Margaret A. Lasi (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Introduction Successful management and mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) requires an in-depth understanding of the physiology and nutrient utilization of the organisms responsible. We explored the preference of various nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) substrates by two novel groups of HAB-forming phytoplankton originating from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida: 1) a consortium of picocyanobacteria ( Crocosphaera sp. and ‘ Synechococcus’ sp.) and 2) ananochlorophyte ( Picochlorum sp.). Methods Short-term kinetic uptake experiments tested algal use and affinity for inorganic and organic N substrates (ammonium (NH 4 + ), nitrate (NO 3 - ), urea, and an amino acid (AA) mixture) through 15 N and 13 C isotope tracing into biomass. Results Picocyanobacteria exhibited Michaelis-Menten type uptake for the AA mixture only, while nanochlorophytes reached saturation for NH 4 + , the AA mixture, and urea at or below 25 µM-N. Both picocyanobacteria and nanochlorophyte cultures had highest affinity (V max /K s ) for NH 4 + followed by the AA mixture and urea. Neither culture showed significant uptake of isotopically-labeled nitrate. Disappearance of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) added to culture medium suggesting use of organic P by both cultures was confirmed by detection of alkaline phosphatase activity and the tracing of 13 C-G6P into biomass. Discussion Together, our results suggest that these HAB-forming phytoplankton groups are able to use a variety of N and P sources including organic forms, and prefer reduced forms of N. These traits are likely favorable under conditions found in the IRL during periods of significant competition for low concentrations of inorganic nutrients. Bloom-forming phytoplankton are therefore able to subsist on organic or recycled forms of N and P that typically dominate the IRL nutrient pools.

‘The man who vacuum cleaned the Atlantic’ − the aerosol collector and Gunnar Erdtman’s attempts to measure pollen rain - Kevin J. Edwards; Pia Östensson (Palynology, 2024)

A fragment of inherited Archaean lithospheric mantle rules the metallogeny of central Mexico - Erwin Schettino; José María González-Jiménez; Claudio Marchesi; María G. Dávalos-Elizondo; Antoni Camprubí; Vanessa Colás; Edward Saunders; José J. Aranda-Gómez; William L. Griffin (International Geology Review, 2024)

The underwater soundscape of the North Sea - F. Basan; J.-G. Fischer; R. Putland; J. Brinkkemper; C.A.F. de Jong; B. Binnerts; A. Norro; D. Kühnel; L.-A. Ødegaard; M. Andersson; E. Lalander; J. Tougaard; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

Attribution of fine particulate matter and ozone health impacts in Canada to domestic and US emission sources - Amanda J. Pappin; Nick Charman; Marika Egyed; Phil Blagden; Annie Duhamel; Jessica Miville; Ivana Popadic; Patrick M. Manseau; Guillaume Marcotte; Rabab Mashayekhi; Jacinthe Racine; Robyn Rittmaster; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Ammonia and aquatic ecosystems – A review of global sources, biogeochemical cycling, and effects on fish - Thea M. Edwards; Holly J. Puglis; Douglas B. Kent; Jonathan López Durán; Lillian M. Bradshaw; Aïda M. Farag (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Environmental hormesis: New developments - Evgenios Agathokleous; Edward J. Calabrese; Damià Barceló (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Multi-fidelity data-adaptive autonomous seakeeping - Michael D. Levine; Samuel J. Edwards; Dayne Howard; Kenneth Weems; Themistoklis P. Sapsis; Vladas Pipiras (Ocean Engineering, 2024)

Canola meal as a supplement for grass-fed beef cattle: Effects on growth rates, carcase and meat quality, and consumer sensory evaluations - Emma E.M. Lynch; Edward H. Clayton; Benjamin W.B. Holman; David L. Hopkins; Rod J. Polkinghorne; Michael A. Campbell (Meat Science, 2024)

Muller’s genetic load/species extinction hypothesis - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Environmental Research, 2024)

Comet assay and hormesis - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Habitat modelling of native freshwater mussels distinguishes river specific differences in the Detroit and St. Clair rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes - Shay S. Keretz; Daelyn A. Woolnough; Todd J. Morris; Edward F. Roseman; David T. Zanatta (Ecological Modelling, 2024)

Somatic mutation patterns at Ig and Non-Ig Loci - Edward J. Steele; Andrew Franklin; Robyn A. Lindley (DNA Repair, 2024)

Temperature Thresholds for Leaf Damage from Two Extreme Freeze Events (2018 and 2021) Near the Northern Range Limit of Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in Southeastern North America - Simen Kaalstad; Michael J. Osland; Donna J. Devlin; C. Edward Proffitt; Laura C. Feher; Anna R. Armitage; Richard H. Day; Kathleen M. Swanson; Gordon H. Anderson; Brigid Berger; Just Cebrian; Karen L. Cummins; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)

Peatland pools are tightly coupled to the contemporary carbon cycle - Joshua F. Dean; Michael F. Billett; T. Edward Turner; Mark H. Garnett; Roxane Andersen; Rebecca M. McKenzie; Kerry J. Dinsmore; Andy J. Baird; Pippa J. Chapman; Joseph Holden (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Peatlands are globally important stores of soil carbon (C) formed over millennial timescales but are at risk of destabilization by human and climate disturbance. Pools are ubiquitous features of many peatlands and can contain very high concentrations of C mobilized in dissolved and particulate organic form and as the greenhouses gases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). The radiocarbon content ( 14 C) of these aquatic C forms tells us whether pool C is generated by contemporary primary production or from destabilized C released from deep peat layers where it was previously stored for millennia. We present novel 14 C and stable C (δ 13 C) isotope data from 97 aquatic samples across six peatland pool locations in the United Kingdom with a focus on dissolved and particulate organic C and dissolved CO 2 . Our observations cover two distinct pool types: natural peatland pools and those formed by ditch blocking efforts to rewet peatlands (restoration pools). The pools were dominated by contemporary C, with the majority of C (~50%–75%) in all forms being younger than 300 years old. Both pool types readily transform and decompose organic C in the water column and emit CO 2 to the atmosphere, though mixing with the atmosphere and subsequent CO 2 emissions was more evident in natural pools. Our results show little evidence of destabilization of deep, old C in natural or restoration pools, despite the presence of substantial millennial‐aged C in the surrounding peat. One possible exception is CH 4 ebullition (bubbling), with our observations showing that millennial‐aged C can be emitted from peatland pools via this pathway. Our results suggest that restoration pools formed by ditch blocking are effective at preventing the release of deep, old C from rewetted peatlands via aquatic export.

Shifts in bacterial traits under chronic nitrogen deposition align with soil processes in arbuscular, but not ectomycorrhizal‐associated trees - Juan Piñeiro; Chansotheary Dang; Jeth G. V. Walkup; Teagan Kuzniar; Rachel Winslett; Steven J. Blazewicz; Zachary B. Freedman; Edward Brzostek; Ember M. Morrissey (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Nitrogen (N) deposition increases soil carbon (C) storage by reducing microbial activity. These effects vary in soil beneath trees that associate with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Variation in carbon C and N uptake traits among microbes may explain differences in soil nutrient cycling between mycorrhizal associations in response to high N loads, a mechanism not previously examined due to methodological limitations. Here, we used quantitative Stable Isotope Probing (qSIP) to measure bacterial C and N assimilation rates from an added organic compound, which we conceptualize as functional traits. As such, we applied a trait‐based approach to explore whether variation in assimilation rates of bacterial taxa can inform shifts in soil function under chronic N deposition. We show taxon‐specific and community‐wide declines of bacterial C and N uptake under chronic N deposition in both AM and ECM soils. N deposition‐induced reductions in microbial activity were mirrored by declines in soil organic matter mineralization rates in AM but not ECM soils. Our findings suggest C and N uptake traits of bacterial communities can predict C cycling feedbacks to N deposition in AM soils, but additional data, for instance on the traits of fungi, may be needed to connect microbial traits with soil C and N cycling in ECM systems. Our study also highlights the potential of employing qSIP in conjunction with trait‐based analytical approaches to inform how ecological processes of microbial communities influence soil functioning.

Diverse pathways for climate resilience in marine fishery systems - Jacob G. Eurich; Whitney R. Friedman; Kristin M. Kleisner; Lily Z. Zhao; Christopher M. Free; Meghan Fletcher; Julia G. Mason; Kanae Tokunaga; Alba Aguion; Andrea Dell'Apa; Mark Dickey‐Collas; Rod Fujita; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
Both the ecological and social dimensions of fisheries are being affected by climate change. As a result, policymakers, managers, scientists and fishing communities are seeking guidance on how to holistically build resilience to climate change. Numerous studies have highlighted key attributes of resilience in fisheries, yet concrete examples that explicitly link these attributes to social‐ecological outcomes are lacking. To better understand climate resilience, we assembled 18 case studies spanning ecological, socio‐economic, governance and geographic contexts. Using a novel framework for evaluating 38 resilience attributes, the case studies were systematically assessed to understand how attributes enable or inhibit resilience to a given climate stressor. We found population abundance, learning capacity, and responsive governance were the most important attributes for conferring resilience, with ecosystem connectivity, place attachment, and accountable governance scoring the strongest across the climate‐resilient fisheries. We used these responses to develop an attribute typology that describes robust sources of resilience, actionable priority attributes and attributes that are case specific or require research. We identified five fishery archetypes to guide stakeholders as they set long‐term goals and prioritize actions to improve resilience. Lastly, we found evidence for two pathways to resilience: (1) building ecological assets and strengthening communities, which we observed in rural and small‐scale fisheries, and (2) building economic assets and improving effective governance, which was demonstrated in urban and wealthy fisheries. Our synthesis presents a novel framework that can be directly applied to identify approaches, pathways and actionable levers for improving climate resilience in fishery systems.

The relative influence of temperature and ontogeny on groundfish distribution varies across life stages - Lingbo Li; Anne B. Hollowed; Edward D. Cokelet; Aimee A. Keller; Steve J. Barbeaux; Michelle M. McClure; Wayne A. Palsson (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
Distributional changes for fish populations may be difficult to interpret since temperature responses are often confounded with ontogenetic shifts. However, the relative importance of these two types of fish movement (temperature responses and ontogenetic shifts) to population distribution remains largely unstudied. This study presents the first attempt to compare the two types of movement in depth, latitude and longitude for 10 abundant groundfish species across size class and subregion. We utilized large, quality‐controlled datasets from random depth‐stratified, bottom trawl surveys consistently conducted during the summer along NE Pacific shelf from 1996 to 2015. We show that the size structure of each species varied across years and subregions with dramatically strong or poor recruitments for some species in 2015 during a marine heatwave. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that ontogenetic shifts in depth represented the primary movement pattern while temperature responses in latitude and longitude constituted a major, but a secondary pattern. Re‐run by size class, PCA results further showed that the influence of temperature and ontogeny on population distribution varied by size classes with greater ontogenetic shifts in smaller fish and elevated temperature responses in larger fish. We further show substantial ontogeny‐induced movements by depth, latitude and longitude with high variability among species and subregions. Our analyses suggest that failing to account for size structure can lead to serious misinterpretation of population distributional changes in all three dimensions: depth, latitude and longitude for populations with or without episodic recruitments.

Portion size affects food selection in an immersive virtual reality buffet and is related to measured intake in laboratory meals varying in portion size - John W. Long; Sara J. Pritschet; Kathleen L. Keller; Charissa S.L. Cheah; Lee Boot; Alexander Klippel; Timothy R. Brick; Caitlyn G. Edwards; Barbara J. Rolls; Travis D. Masterson (Appetite, 2023)

A globally integrated structure of taxonomy to support biodiversity science and conservation - Emily L. Sandall; Aurore A. Maureaud; Robert Guralnick; Melodie A. McGeoch; Yanina V. Sica; Matthew S. Rogan; Douglas B. Booher; Robert Edwards; Nico Franz; Kate Ingenloff; Maisha Lucas; Charles J. Marsh; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Effects of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide mineralogy on the development of microbial communities originating from soil, surface water, groundwater, and aerosols - Yidan Zhang; Edward J. O'Loughlin; Su-Young Park; Man Jae Kwon (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Retrieval of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Arabian Gulf water of arid region by Sentinel-2 data - Rajendran Sankaran; Jassim A. Al-Khayat; Aravinth J; Mark Edward Chatting; Fadhil N. Sadooni; Hamad Al-Saad Al-Kuwari (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Hermann Muller and his LNT scientific and policy leadership: Private communication reveals uncertainties - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

The challenges of defining hormesis in epidemiological studies: The case of radiation hormesis - Ivo Iavicoli; Luca Fontana; Carolina Santocono; Davide Guarino; Martina Laudiero; Edward J. Calabrese (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

An international cross-laboratory survey on fish vitellogenin analysis: Methodological challenges and opportunities for best practice - Natalie Burden; Rebecca J. Brown; Breanne Holmes; Grace H. Panter; Edward R. Salinas; Fiona Sewell; Lennart Weltje; James R. Wheeler; Yvonne Wolf; Laurent Lagadic (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Low frequency of resistance to thiophanate-methyl in Monilinia fructicola populations from southeastern United States peach orchards - William P. Gura; Jhulia Gelain; Edward J. Sikora; Edgar L. Vinson; Phillip M. Brannen; Guido Schnabel (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2023)

Temporal Patterns of Diet and Physical Activity and of Diet Alone Have More Numerous Relationships With Health and Disease Status Indicators Compared to Temporal Patterns of Physical Activity Alone - Luotao Lin; Jiaqi Guo; Anindya Bhadra; Saul B. Gelfand; Edward J. Delp; Elizabeth A. Richards; Erin Hennessy; Heather A. Eicher-Miller (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023)

An overview for DFT application on arsenic behavior in coal-fired power plants - Jiaying Xing; Chunbo Wang; Edward J. Anthony (Fuel, 2023)

Fungal diversity in homes and asthma morbidity among school-age children in New York City - Samuel J. Cochran; Luis Acosta; Adnan Divjan; Angela R. Lemons; Andrew G. Rundle; Rachel L. Miller; Edward Sobek; Brett J. Green; Matthew S. Perzanowski; Karen C. Dannemiller (Environmental Research, 2023)

An acoustic-optic comparison of fish assemblages at a Rigs-to-Reefs habitat and coral reef in the Gulf of Thailand - Edward C.P. Sibley; Alethea S. Madgett; Travis S. Elsdon; Michael J. Marnane; Euan S. Harvey; Se Songploy; Jes Kettradad; Paul G. Fernandes (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Muller letter reveals scientific scandal that discredits evidence used to support LNT - Edward J. Calabrese; James Giordano (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023)

Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries - J. Robert Britton; Adrian C. Pinder; Josep Alós; Robert Arlinghaus; Andy J. Danylchuk; Wendy Edwards; Kátia M. F. Freire; Casper Gundelund; Kieran Hyder; Ivan Jarić; Robert Lennox; Wolf-Christian Lewin; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)
The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (up to and including 2019); ‘acute pandemic’ (2020) and ‘COVID-acclimated’ (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress.

Modulating signalling lifetime to optimise a prototypical animal opsin for optogenetic applications - Jessica Rodgers; Phillip Wright; Edward R. Ballister; Rebecca B. Hughes; Riccardo Storchi; Jonathan Wynne; Franck P. Martial; Robert J. Lucas (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2023)
Animal opsins are light activated G-protein-coupled receptors, capable of optogenetic control of G-protein signalling for research or therapeutic applications. Animal opsins offer excellent photosensitivity, but their temporal resolution can be limited by long photoresponse duration when expressed outside their native cellular environment. Here, we explore methods for addressing this limitation for a prototypical animal opsin (human rod opsin) in HEK293T cells. We find that the application of the canonical rhodopsin kinase (GRK1)/visual arrestin signal termination mechanism to this problem is complicated by a generalised suppressive effect of GRK1 expression. This attenuation can be overcome using phosphorylation-independent mutants of arrestin, especially when these are tethered to the opsin protein. We further show that point mutations targeting the Schiff base stability of the opsin can also reduce signalling lifetime. Finally, we apply one such mutation (E122Q) to improve the temporal fidelity of restored visual responses following ectopic opsin expression in the inner retina of a mouse model of retinal degeneration ( rd1 ). Our results reveal that these two strategies (targeting either arrestin binding or Schiff-base hydrolysis) can produce more time-delimited opsin signalling under heterologous expression and establish the potential of this approach to improve optogenetic performance.

Approaches to increase the validity of gene family identification using manual homology search tools - Benjamin J. Nestor; Philipp E. Bayer; Cassandria G. Tay Fernandez; David Edwards; Patrick M. Finnegan (Genetica, 2023)
Identifying homologs is an important process in the analysis of genetic patterns underlying traits and evolutionary relationships among species. Analysis of gene families is often used to form and support hypotheses on genetic patterns such as gene presence, absence, or functional divergence which underlie traits examined in functional studies. These analyses often require precise identification of all members in a targeted gene family. Manual pipelines where homology search and orthology assignment tools are used separately are the most common approach for identifying small gene families where accurate identification of all members is important. The ability to curate sequences between steps in manual pipelines allows for simple and precise identification of all possible gene family members. However, the validity of such manual pipeline analyses is often decreased by inappropriate approaches to homology searches including too relaxed or stringent statistical thresholds, inappropriate query sequences, homology classification based on sequence similarity alone, and low-quality proteome or genome sequences. In this article, we propose several approaches to mitigate these issues and allow for precise identification of gene family members and support for hypotheses linking genetic patterns to functional traits.

Adaptive thermal responses of captive Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in South Africa - Devon M. Viljoen; Edward C. Webb; Jan G. Myburgh; J. Christoff Truter; Jeffrey W. Lang; Albert Myburgh (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2023)

Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models - Kathryn Whitman; Ricky Egeland; Ian G. Richardson; Clayton Allison; Philip Quinn; Janet Barzilla; Irina Kitiashvili; Viacheslav Sadykov; Hazel M. Bain; Mark Dierckxsens; M. Leila Mays; Tilaye Tadesse; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Episodic population fragmentation and gene flow reveal a trade‐off between heterozygosity and allelic richness - Peta Hill; Chris R. Dickman; Russell Dinnage; Richard P. Duncan; Scott V. Edwards; Aaron Greenville; Stephen D. Sarre; Emily J. Stringer; Glenda M. Wardle; Bernd Gruber (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
In episodic environments like deserts, populations of some animal species exhibit irregular fluctuations such that populations are alternately large and connected or small and isolated. Such dynamics are typically driven by periodic resource pulses due, for example, to large but infrequent rainfall events. The repeated population bottlenecks resulting from fragmentation should lower genetic diversity over time, yet species undergoing these fluctuations appear to maintain high levels of genetic diversity. To resolve this apparent paradox, we simulated a metapopulation of constant size undergoing repeat episodes of fragmentation and change in gene flow to mimic outcomes experienced by mammals in an Australian desert. We show that episodic fragmentation and gene flow have contrasting effects on two measures of genetic diversity: heterozygosity and allelic richness. Specifically, fragmentation into many, small subpopulations, coupled with periods of infrequent gene flow, preserves allelic richness at the expense of heterozygosity. In contrast, fragmentation into a few, large subpopulations maintains heterozygosity at the expense of allelic richness. The strength of the trade‐off between heterozygosity and allelic richness depends on the amount of gene flow and the frequency of gene flow events. Our results imply that the type of genetic diversity maintained among species living in strongly fluctuating environments will depend on the way populations fragment, with our results highlighting different mechanisms for maintaining allelic richness and heterozygosity in small, fragmented populations.