Reply to Discussion of Yule, C. T. G., Daniell, J., Edwards, D. S., Rollet, N., & Roberts, E. M. (2023). Reconciling the onshore/offshore stratigraphy of the Canning Basin and implications for petroleum prospectivity. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , 70 (5), 691–715 - C. T. G. Yule; J. Daniell; D. S. Edwards; N. Rollet; E. M. Roberts (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023)

Acoustic Evidence of Shallow Gas Occurrences in the Offshore Sinú Fold Belt, Colombian Caribbean Sea - Ana María Osorio-Granada; Bismarck Jigena-Antelo; Juan Vidal-Perez; Enrico Zambianchi; Edward G. Osorio-Granada; Cristina Torrecillas; Jeanette Romero-Cozar; Hermann Leon-Rincón; Karem Oviedo-Prada; Juan J. Muñoz-Perez (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
High-resolution seismic analysis and bathymetry data, used in the Offshore Sinú Fold Belt (OSFB), have revealed seabed and sub-surface anomalies, which were probably caused by the presence of shallow gas within the sedimentary records. Shallow gas is widely detected by the frequent presence of anomalous acoustic reflections including acoustic blanking, enhanced reflections, acoustic plumes, pockmarks, and dome structures. More than 30 anomalies that occur within a subsurface depth of ~65 m were acoustically detected within an area of 1000 km2 on the continental shelf and upper continental slope, in water depths ranging from −20 to −1300 m. Moreover, a map with the spatial distribution of the gas occurrences is shown. A close relationship between the locally elevated seabed (dome structures), pockmarks, and acoustic blanking was found. Most of the active pockmarks may be closely related to the submarine path of the Uramita Fault, indicating that the gas occurrences are controlled by active faulting. The shallow gas occurrence was confirmed by the generation of authigenic carbonate and the occurrence of chemosymbiotic biological communities sampled in the area. Although there is an admixture of biogenic gas, it is believed that many of the features observed relate to thermogenic gas. The identification of these anomalies represents a useful basis for an assessment of marine geohazards and can serve as a hydrocarbon exploration tool.

Total infectome investigation of diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) reveals a novel and abundant megrivirus - Janelle R. Wierenga; Rebecca M. Grimwood; Harry S. Taylor; Stuart Hunter; Lisa S. Argilla; Trudi Webster; Lauren Lim; Rebecca French; Hendrik Schultz; Fátima Jorge; Mihnea Bostina; Laura Burga; et al. (Veterinary Microbiology, 2023)

How self-interest and deception led to the adoption of the linear non-threshold dose response (LNT) model for cancer risk assessment - Paul B. Selby; Edward J. Calabrese (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Building an inclusive wave in marine science: Sense of belonging and Society for Women in Marine Science symposia - Katherine N. Canfield; Alexa R. Sterling; Christina M. Hernández; Sophie N. Chu; Bethanie R. Edwards; Diana N. Fontaine; Jillian M. Freese; Marissa S. Giroux; Aubree E. Jones; Alexandra J. McCarty; Hannah K. Morrissette; Hilary I. Palevsky; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Distinct dynamics of plant- and microbial-derived soil organic matter in relation to varying climate and soil properties in temperate agroecosystems - Meiling Man; Edward G. Gregorich; Michael H. Beare; Benjamin H. Ellert; Myrna J. Simpson (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

Sublethal chemical stimulation of arthropod parasitoids and parasites of agricultural and environmental importance - Evgenios Agathokleous; James D. Blande; Noboru Masui; Edward J. Calabrese; Jing Zhang; Pierre Sicard; Raul Narciso C. Guedes; Giovanni Benelli (Environmental Research, 2023)

Stimulation of insect vectors of pathogens by sublethal environmental contaminants: A hidden threat to human and environmental health? - Evgenios Agathokleous; James D. Blande; Edward J. Calabrese; Raul Narciso C. Guedes; Giovanni Benelli (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Carbonate-hosted manganese deposits and ocean anoxia - Fangge Chen; Qingfei Wang; Peir K. Pufahl; Edward J. Matheson; Haiyang Xian; Jingbo Nan; Huan Ma; Jun Deng (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Incorporating Uremic Solute-mediated Inhibition of OAT1/3 Improves PBPK Prediction of Tenofovir Renal and Systemic Disposition in Patients with Severe Kidney Disease - Shih-Yu Chang; Weize Huang; Alenka Chapron; Antonio J. López Quiñones; Joanne Wang; Nina Isoherranen; Danny D. Shen; Edward J. Kelly; Jonathan Himmelfarb; Catherine K. Yeung (Pharmaceutical Research, 2023)

Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials - James S. Kimber; Joshua G. Kovoor; John M. Glynatsis; Samuel J. West; Thi Thien Nhi Mai; Jonathan Henry W. Jacobsen; Christopher D. Ovenden; Stephen Bacchi; Joseph N. Hewitt; Aashray K. Gupta; Suzanne Edwards; Fiona J. Taverner; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023)
Purpose Nausea is a common and unpleasant sensation for which current therapies such as serotonin (5-HT 3 ) antagonists are often ineffective, while also conferring a risk of potential adverse events. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been proposed as a treatment for nausea. We aimed to compare IPA with 5-HT 3 antagonists for the treatment of nausea across all clinical settings. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception to 17 July 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled IPA and a 5-HT 3 antagonist for treatment of nausea. Severity and duration of nausea, rescue antiemetic use, adverse events and patient satisfaction were the outcomes sought. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Combination of meta-analyses and narrative review was used to synthesise findings. The evidence was appraised using GRADE. Results From 1242 records, 4 RCTs were included with 382 participants. Participants receiving IPA had a significantly lower mean time to 50% reduction in nausea (MD − 20.06; 95% CI − 26.26, − 13.85). Nausea score reduction at 30 min was significantly greater in the IPA group (MD 21.47; 95% CI 15.47, 27.47). IPA led to significantly reduced requirement for rescue antiemetics (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.95; p = 0.03). IPA led to no significant difference in patient satisfaction when compared with a 5-HT 3 antagonist. The overall GRADE assessment of evidence quality ranged from very low to low. Conclusion IPA may provide rapid, effective relief of nausea when compared with 5-HT 3 antagonists.

How do we plan for the zoo exhibit of the future? - Eduardo J. Fernandez; James Edward Brereton; Jon Coe (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2023)

Confirmation that Hermann Muller was dishonest in his Nobel Prize Lecture - Edward J. Calabrese (Archives of Toxicology, 2023)

Icescape‐scale metabolomics reveals cyanobacterial and topographic control of the core metabolism of the cryoconite ecosystem of an Arctic ice cap - Jarishma K. Gokul; Luis A. J. Mur; Andrew J. Hodson; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; Aliyah R. Debbonaire; Nozomu Takeuchi; Arwyn Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Glaciers host ecosystems comprised of biodiverse and active microbiota. Among glacial ecosystems, less is known about the ecology of ice caps since most studies focus on valley glaciers or ice sheet margins. Previously we detailed the microbiota of one such high Arctic ice cap, focusing on cryoconite as a microbe‐mineral aggregate formed by cyanobacteria. Here, we employ metabolomics at the scale of an entire ice cap to reveal the major metabolic pathways prevailing in the cryoconite of Foxfonna, central Svalbard. We reveal how geophysical and biotic processes influence the metabolomes of its resident cryoconite microbiota. We observed differences in amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleotide synthesis across the cap reflecting the influence of ice topography and the cyanobacteria within cryoconite. Ice topography influences central carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, whereas bacterial community structure governs lipid, nucleotide, and carotenoid biosynthesis processes. The prominence of polyamine metabolism and nitrogen assimilation highlights the importance of recycling nitrogenous nutrients. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of metabolomics across an entire ice mass, demonstrating its utility as a tool for revealing the fundamental metabolic processes essential for sustaining life in supraglacial ecosystems experiencing profound change due to Arctic climate change‐driven mass loss.

Modelling of Sediment Transport and Deposition in Generating River-Mouth Closure: Oum-Errabia River, Morocco - Ismail Aouiche; Mouncef Sedrati; Edward J. Anthony (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
River mouths are dynamic systems that can respond rapidly to both fluxes in fluvial water and sediment discharge and marine energy conditions, notably waves. On semi-arid wave-exposed coasts, the morphosedimentary behaviour of river mouths is particularly sensitive to variations in water discharge, which can be significantly influenced by climate variations, in addition to anthropogenic actions such as the construction of dams for water resource needs. In this climatic setting, an increasingly common consequence of decreasing river water discharge is the more or less prolonged closure of river mouths. Most studies have addressed river-mouth closure using analytical, parametric, numerical, or statistical models. The present study uses output from four numerical models to elucidate the hydrodynamic and sedimentary behaviour of the mouth of the Oum-Errabia River (catchment size: 35,000 km2), which debouches on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The historical evolution of the river mouth and the impact of human interventions, such as the construction of dams, are discussed. The study also briefly discusses the impact of the recent closure of the river outlet, in response to particularly low water discharge, on the marine ecosystem and water quality. The modelling results covering a one-year simulation in this situation of closure indicate a deposition of 427,400 m3 of sediment in front of the mouth of the Oum-Errabia. Ensuring permanent river-mouth opening and tidal flushing and renewal of this river’s estuarine waters will necessitate costly regular dredging.

Observed amplification of the seasonal CO2 cycle at the Southern Ocean Time Series - Elizabeth H. Shadwick; Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards; Richard J. Matear; Peter Jansen; Eric Schulz; Adrienne J. Sutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The Subantarctic Zone, the circumpolar region of the Southern Ocean between the Subtropical and Subantarctic fronts, plays an important role in air-sea CO 2 exchange, the storage of anthropogenic CO 2 , and the ventilation of the lower thermocline. Here we use a time series from moored platforms deployed between 2011 and 2021 as part of the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) observatory to investigate the seasonality and interannual variability of upper ocean hydrography and seawater CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2 ). The region is a net sink for atmospheric CO 2 over the nearly 10-year record, with trends revealing that the ocean pCO 2 may be increasing slightly faster than the atmosphere, suggesting that oceanic as well as anthropogenic atmospheric forcing contributes to the decadal change, which includes a decline in pH on the order of 0.003 yr −1 . The observations also show an amplification of the seasonal cycle in pCO 2 , potentially linked to changes in mixed layer depth and biological productivity.

The environmental degradability of DEMNUM, a typical PFPE polymer - Nobuhiko Tsuda; Yoshitaka Honda; Edward Schaefer; Peizhi Lian; Asmaa Muneer; Timothy J. Blake; Loubna A. Hammad (Chemosphere, 2023)

Light to moderate long-term grazing enhances ecosystem carbon across a broad climatic gradient in northern temperate grasslands - Edward W. Bork; Daniel B. Hewins; Eric G. Lamb; Cameron N. Carlyle; Mark P. Lyseng; Scott X. Chang; Michael J. Alexander; Walter D. Willms; Majid Iravani (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Naringin commonly acts via hormesis - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A. Wallace Hayes; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Prabhjot Manes; Vittorio Calabrese (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Incorporating heterogeneity in farmer disease control behaviour into a livestock disease transmission model - Edward M. Hill; Naomi S. Prosser; Paul E. Brown; Eamonn Ferguson; Martin J. Green; Jasmeet Kaler; Matt J. Keeling; Michael J. Tildesley (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2023)

Evaluating Alternate Methods of 4D-Var Data Assimilation in a Coupled Hydrodynamic—Four-Component Biogeochemical Model of the California Current System - Jonathan G. Izett; J. Paul Mattern; Andrew M. Moore; Christopher A. Edwards (Ocean Modelling, 2023)

Improving photosynthetic efficiency toward food security: Strategies, advances, and perspectives - Edward N. Smith; Marvin van Aalst; Tiina Tosens; Ülo Niinemets; Benjamin Stich; Tomas Morosinotto; Alessandro Alboresi; Tobias J. Erb; Paul A. Gómez-Coronado; Dimitri Tolleter; Giovanni Finazzi; Gilles Curien; et al. (Molecular Plant, 2023)

Decadal impacts of wildfire fuel reduction treatments on ecosystem characteristics and fire behavior in alaskan boreal forests - Melissa A. Boyd; Xanthe J. Walker; Jennifer Barnes; Gerardo Celis; Scott J. Goetz; Jill F. Johnstone; Nicholas T. Link; April M. Melvin; Lisa Saperstein; Edward A.G. Schuur; Michelle C. Mack (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Small is Powerful: Demonstration of the Impact of Nanoformed Piroxicam in a Controlled Clinical Study - Satu Lakio; David J. Smith; Goncalo Andrade; Niklas Sandler; Philip Evans; John McDermott; Chris Roe; Edward Hӕggström (Pharmaceutical Research, 2023)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual Report - Alexandra M. Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; Rachel E. Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffrey Brent; Kim Aldy; Jennifer Acciani; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Impact of growth conditions on the nitrogen, protein, colour and amino acid profiles of the cultured macroalga, Palmaria palmata - Anthony Temitope Idowu; Miryam Amigo-Benavent; Marta Santos-Hernández; Susan Whelan; Maeve D. Edwards; Richard J. FitzGerald (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2023)
The impact of growth conditions on the nitrogen, protein, colour and amino acid profiles of Palmaria palmata (from 2 locations) were investigated. Laboratory cultures of P. palmata were grown over a period of 18 days with and without nutrient addition, i.e., with culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.05 or 0.10 g L −1 ). The total nitrogen (TN) content of cultured P. palmata originating from longlines harvested from Cork increased with the addition of culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.05 g L −1 ) in comparison to the initial sample (4.15 ± 0.05 vs 1.73 ± 0.03%) while biomass from Galway increased with addition of culture medium (F/2) and urea (0.10 g L −1 ) in comparison to the initial sample (3.72 ± 0.05 vs 2.43 ± 0.06%). The protein nitrogen (PN) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) of cultured P. palmata originating from Galway also increased when grown with the addition of nutrients. Nutrient enrichment during growth influenced the colour characteristics (lightness L*, redness a*, yellowness b* and colour difference ΔE) and the electrophoretic protein profile. Correlations between TN and ΔE (r = 0.945) for Cork originated sample, PN and ΔE (r =-0.944) and NPN and ΔE (r = 0.734) for Galway originated sample were observed. In-gel digestion followed by UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated that RuBiSCo, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin expression in P. palmata was enhanced with nutrient addition. Amino acid profile and score analysis showed variation as a function of nutrient addition. Overall, nutrient inclusion in the growth medium provides a strategy for the enhanced production of high-quality protein by P. palmata.

Importance of marine-estuarine-riverine connectivity to larvae and early juveniles of estuary-associated fish taxa - Alan K. Whitfield; Edward D. Houde; Francisco J. Neira; Ian C. Potter (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2023)

Description of a new species in the genus Sarcothelia Verrill, 1928 (Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from reefs of Gulf of Mannar, South-eastern India - Mahalakshmi Boopathi; Angelo Poliseno; Alvaro Altuna; J. K. Patterson Edward (Marine Biodiversity, 2023)

Interactions among Sodalis, Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus and trypanosomes in wild Glossina pallidipes - Deusdedit J. Malulu; Hamisi S. Nyingilili; Delphina Edward; Peter Lucas; Ismail W. R. Taifa; Imna I. Malele; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2023)

LP-25: The curious case of Adverse Outcome Pathways: the stressor agnostic approach bridging disciplines by embracing evidence from diverse initiating factors - J. Filipovska; L.-A. Clerbaux; A. Carusi; M.-J. Amorim; P. Nymark; V. Chauhan; M. Sachana; A. Beronius; S.W. Edwards; C. Wittwehr (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Multi-decadal shoreline mobility of a managed sandy tidal coast (Normandy, France): Behavioural variability in a context of sea-level rise and increasing storm intensity - Franck Levoy; Olivier Monfort; Edward J. Anthony (Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2023)

Fuel consumption prediction for a passenger ferry using machine learning and in-service data: A comparative study - Pedram Agand; Allison Kennedy; Trevor Harris; Chanwoo Bae; Mo Chen; Edward J. Park (Ocean Engineering, 2023)

An onshore-offshore interpretation of structures in the Devonian rocks of the Pentland Firth, Scotland using high resolution bathymetry and drone-enabled field observations. - Thomas A.G. Utley; Robert E. Holdsworth; Richard J. Walker; Edward D. Dempsey; Ken J.W. McCaffrey; Anna Dichiarante; Thomas L. Jones (Journal of Structural Geology, 2023)

Fate of carbon in synthetic media fermentations containing Metschnikowia pulcherrima or Meyerozyma guilliermondii in the presence and absence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Heather N. Carbon; Jesse J. Aplin; Glycine Z. Jiang; Patrick A. Gibney; Charles G. Edwards (Food Microbiology, 2023)

Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in a one-year city metabolism longitudinal study using wastewater-based epidemiology - Natalie Sims; Andrew Kannan; Elizabeth Holton; Kishore Jagadeesan; Leonardos Mageiros; Richard Standerwick; Tim Craft; Ruth Barden; Edward J. Feil; Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Catalytic calcium-looping gasification of biochar with in situ CO2 utilization with improved energy efficiency - Ke Wang; Jie Chen; Tianyu Wang; Jie Hong; Pengfei Zhao; Edward J. Anthony (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Muller mistakes: The linear no-threshold (LNT) dose response and US EPA’s cancer risk assessment policies and practices - Edward J. Calabrese; Paul B. Selby (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023)

Thresholds for radiation induced mutation? The Muller-Evans debate: A turning point for cancer risk assessment - Edward J. Calabrese (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023)

Beach erosion aggravates the drastic decline in marine turtle populations in French Guiana - Damien Chevallier; Marc Girondot; Christina Péron; Jordan Martin; Marc Bonola; Johan Chevalier; Benoît de Thoisy; Laurent Kelle; Yvon Le Maho; Antoine Gardel; Edward J. Anthony (Regional Environmental Change, 2023)
Yalimapo beach, near the Maroni River estuary in French Guiana, is an important turtle nesting site. The interaction of massive mud banks migrating alongshore from the distant Amazon River with discharge from the Maroni River generates strong beach morpho-sedimentary changes. The eventual degradation of the marine turtle nesting habitats resulting from these changes represents a threat to the offspring, and consequently, to the turtle population. Field operator counts of green and leatherback turtle nests were combined with high-resolution topographic measurements of the beach over four field surveys in 2012 and 2014 to map the topographic modifications susceptible to affect nesting on Yalimapo beach. We assumed that the survival of nests was at stake when the depth of sand between the egg chamber and the topographic surface (i.e. the top) of the beach was < 50 cm, and that beach surface lowering > 10 cm represented unfavourable conditions for nest safety with unequal nest survival across the beach. Erosion of the beach surface exceeding a depth of 50 cm therefore results in nest destruction. Digital elevation models were produced to quantify the topographic modification of nesting on Yalimapo beach and highlight the endangered nesting areas. As the modification of the beach is not linear, some sectors are more eroded than others, resulting in unequal nest survival across the beach. Overall, up to 40% of the nests were presumed destroyed over the 2 years of survey, but true losses would depend on the species and the preferential locations of their nesting habitats. The relatively unfavourable conditions that prevailed during the 2 years of the survey are consistent with persistent erosion of Yalimpao beach since 2011. This ongoing erosion could explain in part the drastic decline of the leatherback turtle population in western French Guiana over the period 2001–2018. The substrate quality and dynamics of the nesting beach in relation to the preferred nesting habitat of each species are therefore critical issues that should be considered in the conservation strategies of marine turtles. The beach nesting conditions of marine turtles in French Guiana, as elsewhere, could be further aggravated in the future by climate change effects, including sea-level rise.

The benefits of climate change mitigation to retaining rainbow trout habitat in British Columbia, Canada - Carolina Sánchez; Edward J. Gregr; Eric A. Parkinson; Kai M.A. Chan (Regional Environmental Change, 2023)

A review of the nature and source of nutrient impairment in small streams: a desk based characterisation for targeted mitigation measures - Sinéad C. Hogan; John J. O’Sullivan; Michael Bruen; Helen P. Jarvie; Edward J. Cox; Mike J. Bowes; Mary Kelly-Quinn (Hydrobiologia, 2023)

A multi-scale analysis and classification of the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of Irish headwater streams - Edward J. Cox; Angela M. Gurnell; Michael J. Bowes; Michael Bruen; Sinéad C. Hogan; John J. O’Sullivan; Mary Kelly-Quinn (Hydrobiologia, 2023)

Mechanisms and models for industry engagement in collaborative research in commercial fisheries - Matthew R. Baker; Robert Alverson; Ruth Christiansen; Keith Criddle; Danny Eilertsen; Robert J. Foy; John Gauvin; Scott E. Goodman; Leigh Habegger; Bradley P. Harris; Nicole Kimball; Anna Malek Mercer; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Data and insights from fishers are essential sources of information to advance understanding of fishery and ecosystem dynamics. Incorporating fisher and industry knowledge holds prospects for improving marine science and fisheries management. We address cooperative research in the context of collaboration between fishers, scientists, industries, universities, and agencies to develop applied research to understand marine ecosystems, inform fishery management, enhance sustainability, govern resource use, and investigate social-economic dynamics. We leverage the insights of more than 100 research scientists, fisheries managers, industry representatives, and fishers to outline actionable recommendations for effective approaches and mechanisms to integrate industry data, perspectives, and insights in fisheries science. We also highlight opportunities and address challenges and limitations to such collaboration.

Sound sees more: A comparison of imaging sonars and optical cameras for estimating fish densities at artificial reefs - Edward C.P. Sibley; Travis S. Elsdon; Michael J. Marnane; Alethea S. Madgett; Euan S. Harvey; Thomas Cornulier; Damon Driessen; Paul G. Fernandes (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Pilot-scale assessment reveals effects of anode type and orthophosphate in governing antimicrobial capacity of copper for Legionella pneumophila control - Yang Song; Amy Pruden; William J Rhoads; Marc A Edwards (Water Research, 2023)

Evaluation in a porcine wound model and long-term clinical assessment of an autologous heterogeneous skin construct used to close full-thickness wounds - Nicholas Baetz; Pratima Labroo; Marytheresa Ifediba; Devin Miller; Kendall Stauffer; Michael Sieverts; Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson; Eric Chan; Ian Robinson; James Miess; Stephanie Roth; Jenny Irvin; et al. (Tissue and Cell, 2023)

Acute inhalation of tungsten particles results in early signs of cardiac injury - Sage Templeton; Charlotte M. McVeigh; Colin Nguyen; Russell Hunter; David Scieszka; Guy W. Herbert; Edward B. Barr; Rui Liu; Haiwei Gu; Barry E. Bleske; Matthew J. Campen; Alicia M. Bolt (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Challenges in cybersecurity: Lessons from biological defense systems - Edward Schrom; Ann Kinzig; Stephanie Forrest; Andrea L. Graham; Simon A. Levin; Carl T. Bergstrom; Carlos Castillo-Chavez; James P. Collins; Rob J. de Boer; Adam Doupé; Roya Ensafi; Stuart Feldman; et al. (Mathematical Biosciences, 2023)

Food Insecurity and Adequacy of Dietary Intake in Youth and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes - Hope Bercaw; Lauren A. Reid; Jason A. Mendoza; Edward A. Frongillo; Katherine A. Sauder; Beth A. Reboussin; Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis; Dana Dabelea; Santica M. Marcovina; Carla Mercado; Angela D. Liese (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023)

UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics and chemometrics studies of geographically diverse Acer truncatum leaves: A traditional herbal tea in Northern China - Tingyu Long; Ronghui Gu; Chu Linghu; Jingyu Long; Edward J. Kennelly; Chunlin Long (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Beyond S. cerevisiae for winemaking: Fermentation-related trait diversity in the genus Saccharomyces - Rafael Álvarez; Fabien Garces; Edward J. Louis; Sylvie Dequin; Carole Camarasa (Food Microbiology, 2023)

Rhodiola rosea and salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection - Edward J. Calabrese; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023)

Incorporating caudate species susceptibilities and climate change into models of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans risk in the United States of America - Matthew Grisnik; Matthew J. Gray; Jonah Piovia-Scott; Edward Davis Carter; William B. Sutton (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Sequence Divergence in Venom Genes Within and Between Montane Pitviper (Viperidae: Crotalinae: Cerrophidion) Species is Driven by Mutation–Drift Equilibrium - Ramses Alejandro Rosales-García; Rhett M. Rautsaw; Erich P. Hofmann; Christoph I. Grünwald; Hector Franz-Chavez; Ivan T. Ahumada-Carrillo; Ricardo Ramirez-Chaparro; Miguel Angel de la Torre-Loranca; Jason L. Strickland; Andrew J. Mason; Matthew L. Holding; Miguel Borja; et al. (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2023)

Natural attenuation of uranium in a fluvial Wetland: Importance of hydrology and speciation - Daniel I. Kaplan; Ronald J. Smith; Connor J. Parker; Kimberly A. Roberts; Pieter Hazenberg; Juan Morales; Edward J. O'Loughlin; Maxim I. Boyanov; Pamela Weisenhorn; Kenneth M. Kemner; Brian A. Powell (Applied Geochemistry, 2023)

Adaptive, multi-paddock, rotational grazing management alters foraging behavior and spatial grazing distribution of free-ranging cattle - David J. Augustine; Sean P. Kearney; Edward J. Raynor; Lauren M. Porensky; Justin D. Derner (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Marine nutrient subsidies promote biogeochemical hotspots in undisturbed, highly humic estuaries - Chris D. Evans; Stacey L. Felgate; Steffi Carter; Mark Stinchcombe; Edward Mawji; Andrew P. Rees; Inma Lebron; Richard Sanders; Paul Brickle; Daniel J. Mayor (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
The land‐ocean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux represents a significant term within the global carbon budget, with peatland‐dominated regions representing the most intense sources of terrestrial DOC export. As the interface between freshwater and marine systems, estuaries have the potential to act as a filter of the land‐ocean carbon flux, removing terrestrially derived DOC, which is present at low concentrations in the oceans, via a combination of physicochemical and biological processes. However, the fate of peat‐derived DOC within estuaries remains poorly quantified, partly due to the complicating influences of heterogeneous soils, land‐use, point sources, and upstream modification of organic matter. To minimize these modifying factors, we studied DOC and inorganic nutrients in four small, peat‐dominated, minimally disturbed, and oligotrophic Falkland Island estuaries. Contrary to expectations, we found limited evidence of physicochemical estuarine DOC removal, and instead observed apparent “hot zones” of biogeochemical activity, where terrestrially‐derived silicate mixed with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus entering the estuaries from the nutrient‐rich marine ecosystem. In two estuaries, this coincided with apparent in situ DOC production. We suggest that the observed phenomena of marine nutrient subsidy of estuarine productivity, and flexible utilization of multiple nutrients within the oligotrophic system, may once have been widespread in temperate estuaries. However, this function has been lost in many ecosystems due to catchment eutrophication by agricultural and urban development. We conclude that the estuaries of the Falkland Islands provide a valuable pre‐disturbance analogue for natural biogeochemical functioning in temperate estuaries receiving high organic matter inputs.

Reconstruction of the palaeo‐sea level of Britain and Ireland arising from empirical constraints of ice extent: implications for regional sea level forecasts and North American ice sheet volume - SARAH L. Bradley; JEREMY C. Ely; CHRIS D. Clark; ROBIN J. Edwards; Ian Shennan (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2023)
Reconstructions of palaeo‐sea level are vital for predicting future sea level change and constraining palaeo‐ice sheet reconstructions, as well as being useful for a wide array of applications across Quaternary Science. Previous reconstructions of the palaeo‐sea level of Britain and Ireland relied on a circular tuning of glacio‐isostatic models: input ice sheet thicknesses and extents were iteratively altered to fit relative sea level data. Here we break that circularity by utilizing new data from the BRITICE‐CHRONO project, which constrains the position of the British–Irish ice sheet margin through time, and we compare derived glacio‐isostatic modelling to the rich relative sea level record. We test a combination of plausible ice thickness scenarios which account for the uncertainty of ice margin position over the North Sea, demonstrating the region where regional sea level data could distinguish between different glaciation scenarios. Our optimal reconstruction is then combined with several global‐scale reconstructions. As the signal of the British–Irish Ice Sheet is constrained, we demonstrate how the relative sea level record of Britain and Ireland can be used to test reconstructions of far‐field ice sheets (e.g. Antarctica, Eurasia and the Laurentide). The derived palaeo‐topography data are likely to be useful for multiple disciplines. Finally, our improved method of sea level reconstruction impacts predictions of contemporary vertical land motion.

Subantarctic pCO2 estimated from a biogeochemical float: comparison with moored observations reinforces the importance of spatial and temporal variability - Cathryn Ann Wynn-Edwards; Elizabeth H. Shadwick; Peter Jansen; Christina Schallenberg; Tanya Lea Maurer; Adrienne J. Sutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Understanding the size and future changes of natural ocean carbon sinks is critical for the projection of atmospheric CO 2 levels. The magnitude of the Southern Ocean carbon flux has varied significantly over past decades but mechanisms behind this variability are still under debate. While high accuracy observations, e.g. from ships and moored platforms, are important to improve models they are limited through space and time. Observations from autonomous platforms with emerging biogeochemical capabilities, e.g. profiling floats, provide greater spatial and temporal coverage. However, the absolute accuracy of CO 2 partial pressure ( p CO 2 ) derived from float pH sensors is not well constrained. Here we capitalize on data collected for over a year by a biogeochemical Argo float near the Southern Ocean Time Series observatory to evaluate the accuracy of p CO 2 estimates from floats beyond the initial in water comparisons at deployment. A latitudinal gradient of increasing p CO 2 southward and spatial variability contributed to observed discrepancies. Comparisons between float estimated p CO 2 and mooring observations were therefore restricted by temperature and potential density criteria (~ 7 µatm difference) and distance (1° latitude and longitude, ~ 11 µatm difference). By utilizing high quality moored and shipboard underway p CO 2 observations, and estimates from CTD casts, we therefore found that over a year, differences in p CO 2 between platforms were within tolerable uncertainties. Continued validation efforts, using measurements with known and sufficient accuracy, are vital in the continued assessment of float-based p CO 2 estimates, especially in a highly dynamic region such as the subantarctic zone of the Southern Ocean.

Phylogeography of the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis: pronounced regional genetic differentiation is explained by major freshwater input into the Bay of Bengal - Jonathan P. A. Gardner; Jamila Patterson; Edward J. K. Patterson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The Asian green mussel (AGM), Perna viridis , is a mussel of ecological and economic importance throughout much of the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, from China and Korea in the east to Oman on the Arabian Peninsula in the west. We collated published DNA sequence data and then analysed 467 bp of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) sequence variation from 649 mussels (576 from SE Asia and 73 from India) to test for regional differentiation. Analysis of molecular variation, a haplotype network and a neighbour-joining tree all revealed significant differentiation between mussels from India and those from SE Asia. We observed a greater number of segregating sites (haplotypes) and private haplotypes than expected for Indian mussels compared to SE Asian mussels, based on the respective sample sizes. Tests of neutrality revealed population expansion or a recent selective sweep for only the mussels from India. We suggest that the differentiation of the Indian from the SE Asian mussels is explained by the pronounced seasonal input of freshwater into the northern Bay of Bengal area, which acts as a (semi-permeable) barrier to gene flow between the two regions (i.e., east versus west of the Bay). This suggestion is based on the oceanography of the region and is consistent with the biogeography and reports of genetic breaks in a range of taxa in this region. Further targetted sampling of AGMs from the east coast of India, Bangladesh and Myanmar is required to test this hypothesis, and additional sampling of AGMs from west of India (e.g., Pakistan, Iran, the Arabian Peninsula) will also be informative. Finally, this study is based on the analysis of a single marker (COI) because this is all that is presently available from published sources but we note that the application of new molecular markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms to newly collected mussel samples will greatly advance our understanding of the AGM genetic discontinuity and its age, and help test its geographical location and its nature (e.g., a steep/shallow cline or a stepped cline).

Reconciling the onshore/offshore stratigraphy of the Canning Basin and implications for petroleum prospectivity - C. T. G. Yule; J. Daniell; D. S. Edwards; N. Rollet; E. M. Roberts (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023)

Legume re-establishment in northern temperate grasslands following application of aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid - Edward W. Bork; Amanda J. Miller; Linda M. Hall (Crop Protection, 2023)

The phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides is enhanced in the first-year post strategic deep tillage - Tom J. Edwards; Stephen L. Davies; Ron J. Yates; Mick Rose; John G. Howieson; Graham O’Hara; Emma J. Steel; David JM Hall (Soil and Tillage Research, 2023)

Greener residential environment is associated with increased bacterial diversity in outdoor ambient air - Jennifer N. Styles; Andrey I. Egorov; Shannon M. Griffin; Jo Klein; J.W. Scott; Elizabeth A. Sams; Edward Hudgens; Chris Mugford; Jill R. Stewart; Kun Lu; Ilona Jaspers; Scott P. Keely; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Lithium and hormesis: Enhancement of adaptive responses and biological performance via hormetic mechanisms - Edward J. Calabrese; Peter Pressman; A.Wallace Hayes; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Evgenios Agathokleous; Vittorio Calabrese (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2023)

Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are mediated by hormetic mechanisms - Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous; Gaurav Dhawan; Rachna Kapoor; Vittorio Calabrese (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

The influence of geomorphology and environmental conditions on stratification in Intermittently Open/Closed Estuaries - Callum Edwards; Sarah McSweeney; Barbara J. Downes (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

Toward a ground-based and long-term meteorological forcing dataset for South Korea - Kyungtae Lee; Do Hyuk Kang; Hahn Chul Jung; Gwangha Park; Changwoo Gye; Sujay Kumar; Edward J. Kim; Christa D. Peters-lidard; EuiHo Hwang (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2023)
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application version 2 (MERRA-2) is a well-established reanalysis dataset and is widely used for driving global-scale hydrological models. However, owing to its relatively coarse spatial resolution (0.5°), the capability of MERRA-2 is repeatedly challenged in regional-scale studies, especially for smaller areas of interest. In addition, the availability of in situ observation data is a pressing issue for generating meteorological forcing. We developed a grid-based high spatial (0.125°) and temporal (hourly) resolution meteorological forcing dataset, which can evaluate hydrological processes in South Korea using state-of-the-art meteorological observations from 1980 to 2020. The forcing dataset was created by combining Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) in situ measurement data from the Korean Meteorological Administration and MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets. Five meteorological variables were provided in the ASOS-MERRA2 (precipitation, air temperature, surface pressure, specific humidity, and wind speed). The study demonstrates that the region-based and high spatial resolution of ASOS-MERRA2 is superior to the existing MERRA-2 with improvements of all five weather variables, for example, from 5.6 to 2.8 mm root mean square error of precipitation. The ASOS-MERRA2 was more capable of reducing the biases and root mean squared error by improving the coefficient of determination compared with MERRA-2 for all five variables. The newly developed ASOS-MERRA2 provides an opportunity to drive land surface models to evaluate the hydroclimatic conditions in South Korea.

Behavioral habitat selection of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) in boreal forests - Lee J. Hecker; Mark A. Edwards; Scott E. Nielsen (Mammal Research, 2023)

Rapidly Changing Range Limits in a Warming World: Critical Data Limitations and Knowledge Gaps for Advancing Understanding of Mangrove Range Dynamics in the Southeastern USA - Rémi Bardou; Michael J. Osland; Steven Scyphers; Christine Shepard; Karen E. Aerni; Jahson B. Alemu I; Robert Crimian; Richard H. Day; Nicholas M. Enwright; Laura C. Feher; Sarah L. Gibbs; Kiera O’Donnell; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and societal ramifications. Here, we synthesized existing data and expert knowledge to assess the distribution of mangroves near rapidly changing range limits in the southeastern USA. We used expert elicitation to identify data limitations and highlight knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of past, current, and future range dynamics. Mangroves near poleward range limits are often shorter, wider, and more shrublike compared to their tropical counterparts that grow as tall forests in freeze-free, resource-rich environments. The northern range limits of mangroves in the southeastern USA are particularly dynamic and climate sensitive due to abundance of suitable coastal wetland habitat and the exposure of mangroves to winter temperature extremes that are much colder than comparable range limits on other continents. Thus, there is need for methodological refinements and improved spatiotemporal data regarding changes in mangrove structure and abundance near northern range limits in the southeastern USA. Advancing understanding of rapidly changing range limits is critical for foundation plant species such as mangroves, as it provides a basis for anticipating and preparing for the cascading effects of climate-induced species redistribution on ecosystems and the human communities that depend on their ecosystem services.

Aquatic insect accumulation of uranium at spring outflows in the Grand Canyon region as influenced by aqueous and sediment geochemistry and biological factors: implications for monitoring - Daniel J. Cain; Marie-Noële Croteau; Christopher C. Fuller; Kimberly R. Beisner; Kate M. Campbell; Deborah L. Stoliker; Edward R. Schenk (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)

An Experiential Learning Based Design Program in Rehabilitation Engineering - Sudeshna Pal; Mark Steiner; Alain J. Kassab; Patrick Pabian; Adam Golden; Edward A. Ross (Biomedical Engineering Education, 2023)

Fungal symbiont community and absence of detectable mycangia in invasive Euplatypus ambrosia beetles - Andre Rodrigues; Andrew J. Johnson; Ross A. Joseph; You Li; Nemat O. Keyhani; Edward L. Stanley; Benjamin Weiss; Martin Kaltenpoth; Matthew E. Smith; Jiri Hulcr (Symbiosis, 2023)

Progesterone-stimulated endometrial cell conditioned media increases in vitro produced bovine embryo blastocyst formation - Mary A. Oliver; Katie D. Peterson; Sadikshya Bhandari; Rebecca R. Payton; J. Lannett Edwards; Daniel J. Mathew (Animal Reproduction Science, 2023)

Differences in the regulatory strategies of marine oligotrophs and copiotrophs reflect differences in motility - Stephen E. Noell; Elizabeth Brennan; Quinn Washburn; Edward W. Davis; Ferdi L. Hellweger; Stephen J. Giovannoni (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Aquatic bacteria frequently are divided into lifestyle categories oligotroph or copiotroph . Oligotrophs have proportionately fewer transcriptional regulatory genes than copiotrophs and are generally non‐motile/chemotactic. We hypothesized that the absence of chemotaxis/motility in oligotrophs prevents them from occupying nutrient patches long enough to benefit from transcriptional regulation. We first confirmed that marine oligotrophs are generally reduced in genes for transcriptional regulation and motility/chemotaxis. Next, using a non‐motile oligotroph (Ca. Pelagibacter st. HTCC7211), a motile copiotroph ( Alteromonas macleodii st. HOT1A3), and [ 14 C] l ‐alanine, we confirmed that l ‐alanine catabolism is not transcriptionally regulated in HTCC7211 but is in HOT1A3. We then found that HOT1A3 took 2.5–4 min to initiate l ‐alanine oxidation at patch l ‐alanine concentrations, compared to 4 min for chemotactic/motile cells. Thus, the time necessary for transcriptional regulation to initiate prevents transcriptional regulation from being beneficial for non‐motile oligotrophs. This is supported by a mechanistic model we developed, which predicted that HTCC7211 cells with transcriptional regulation of l ‐alanine metabolism would produce 12% of their standing ATP stock upon encountering an l ‐alanine patch, compared to 880% in HTCC7211 cells without transcriptional regulation.

Local adaptation does not constrain the expression of behaviour in translocated wild crickets - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz; Paul Hopwood; Jelle J. Boonekamp; Stanley A. Edwards; Tom W. Price; Jasper Rees; Tom Tregenza (Animal Behaviour, 2023)

Low-dose chemical stimulation and pest resistance threaten global crop production - Evgenios Agathokleous; Christian Sonne; Giovanni Benelli; Edward J. Calabrese; Raul Narciso C. Guedes (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Recombinant equine FSH superovulation in the mare - Patrick M McCue; Emily M May; Brittany T Middlebrooks; Janet F Roser; Pablo J Ross; Edward L Squires (Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2023)

Corrigendum to “A functional size-spectrum model of the global marine ecosystem that resolves zooplankton composition”, Ecological Modelling, 2020, 435: 109265 - Ryan F. Heneghan; Jason D. Everett; Patrick Sykes; Sonia D. Batten; Martin Edwards; Kunio Takahashi; Iain M. Suthers; Julia L. Blanchard; Anthony J. Richardson (Ecological Modelling, 2023)

Editorial for current opinion in green and sustainable chemistry - Edward J. Anthony; Lunbo Duan; Fabio Montagnaro; Zhenyu Sun; Qiang Wang (Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2023)

A mathematical model for assessing transient airborne infection risks in a multi-zone hospital ward - Alexander J. Edwards; Lee Benson; Zeyu Guo; Martín López-García; Catherine J. Noakes; Daniel Peckham; Marco-Felipe King (Building and Environment, 2023)

Topography Mediates the Response of Soil CO2 Efflux to Precipitation Over Days, Seasons, and Years - Marissa Kopp; Jason Kaye; Yuting He Smeglin; Thomas Adams; Edward J. Primka; Brosi Bradley; Yuning Shi; David Eissenstat (Ecosystems, 2023)

Mechanistic inference of the metabolic rates underlying $$^{13}$$C breath test curves - Andrew F. Brouwer; Gwenyth O. Lee; Robert J. Schillinger; Christine A. Edwards; Hannah Van Wyk; Roger Yazbeck; Douglas J. Morrison (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2023)

Genetic variation of glycophorins and infectious disease - Edward J. Hollox; Sandra Louzada (Immunogenetics, 2023)
Glycophorins are transmembrane proteins of red blood cells (RBCs), heavily glycosylated on their external-facing surface. In humans, there are four glycophorin proteins, glycophorins A, B, C and D. Glycophorins A and B are encoded by two similar genes GYPA and GYPB , and glycophorin C and glycophorin D are encoded by a single gene, GYPC . The exact function of glycophorins remains unclear. However, given their abundance on the surface of RBCs, it is likely that they serve as a substrate for glycosylation, giving the RBC a negatively charged, complex glycan “coat”. GYPB and GYPE (a closely related pseudogene) were generated from GYPA by two duplication events involving a 120-kb genomic segment between 10 and 15 million years ago. Non-allelic homologous recombination between these 120-kb repeats generates a variety of duplication alleles and deletion alleles, which have been systematically catalogued from genomic sequence data. One allele, called DUP4, encodes the Dantu NE blood type and is strongly protective against malaria as it alters the surface tension of the RBC membrane. Glycophorins interact with other infectious pathogens, including viruses, as well as the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum , but the role of glycophorin variation in mediating the effects of these pathogens remains underexplored.

Effects of Environmental Variation in Structuring Population Genetic Variation in the False-Water Cobras (Xenodontinae: Hydrodynastes) - Priscila S. Carvalho; Diego J. Santana; Hussam Zaher; Edward A. Myers (Evolutionary Biology, 2023)

Multi-year landscape-scale efficacy analysis of fluridone treatment of invasive submerged aquatic vegetation in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta - Shruti Khanna; Jereme W. Gaeta; J. Louise Conrad; Edward S. Gross (Biological Invasions, 2023)
Invasive aquatic macrophytes are a major threat to estuarine ecosystems globally, posing difficult control challenges for resource managers. This study examined the efficacy of a fluridone treatment program to control invasive submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). We leveraged four datasets to examine efficacy of fluridone treatment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, a freshwater tidal estuary in California, from 2014 to 2018. Annual SAV coverage maps derived from spectroscopy data were used in conjunction with fluridone application data and water current speed predicted by a 3-D hydrodynamic model of the study system. Our objective was to determine if the probability of SAV occurrence in treated sites was significantly different from untreated sites. We examined whether efficacy was influenced by the amount of herbicide applied at a site, the local current speed, and the treatment history of the site. We found that treatment efficacy was positively associated with the amount of herbicide applied per unit area, but this effect was mediated by a negative association with current speed. The efficacy of treatment did not improve when a site was treated for multiple consecutive years. Finally, we did not detect legacy effects one year after cessation of treatment. Our results suggest the need for careful selection of treatment sites to ensure that the amount of fluridone applied is likely to have significant impact given local current speeds. Our study underscores the need for development of additional treatment methodologies for hydrologically dynamic systems such as estuaries, particularly when control is needed year-round and for multiple years.

Retaining natural vegetation to safeguard biodiversity and humanity - Jeremy S. Simmonds; Andres Felipe Suarez‐Castro; April E. Reside; James E. M. Watson; James R. Allan; Scott C. Atkinson; Pasquale Borrelli; Nigel Dudley; Stephen Edwards; Richard A. Fuller; Edward T. Game; Simon Linke; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Global efforts to deliver internationally agreed goals to reduce carbon emissions, halt biodiversity loss, and retain essential ecosystem services have been poorly integrated. These goals rely in part on preserving natural (e.g., native, largely unmodified) and seminatural (e.g., low intensity or sustainable human use) forests, woodlands, and grasslands. To show how to unify these goals, we empirically derived spatially explicit, quantitative, area‐based targets for the retention of natural and seminatural (e.g., native) terrestrial vegetation worldwide. We used a 250‐m‐resolution map of natural and seminatural vegetation cover and, from this, selected areas identified under different international agreements as being important for achieving global biodiversity, carbon, soil, and water targets. At least 67 million km 2 of Earth's terrestrial vegetation (∼79% of the area of vegetation remaining) required retention to contribute to biodiversity, climate, soil, and freshwater conservation objectives under 4 United Nations’ resolutions. This equates to retaining natural and seminatural vegetation across at least 50% of the total terrestrial (excluding Antarctica) surface of Earth. Retention efforts could contribute to multiple goals simultaneously, especially where natural and seminatural vegetation can be managed to achieve cobenefits for biodiversity, carbon storage, and ecosystem service provision. Such management can and should co‐occur and be driven by people who live in and rely on places where natural and sustainably managed vegetation remains in situ and must be complemented by restoration and appropriate management of more human‐modified environments if global goals are to be realized.

SIPN South: six years of coordinated seasonal Antarctic sea ice predictions - François Massonnet; Sandra Barreira; Antoine Barthélemy; Roberto Bilbao; Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth; Ed Blockley; David H. Bromwich; Mitchell Bushuk; Xiaoran Dong; Helge F. Goessling; Will Hobbs; Doroteaciro Iovino; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Antarctic sea ice prediction has garnered increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the context of the recent record lows of February 2022 and 2023. As Antarctica becomes a climate change hotspot, as polar tourism booms, and as scientific expeditions continue to explore this remote continent, the capacity to anticipate sea ice conditions weeks to months in advance is in increasing demand. Spurred by recent studies that uncovered physical mechanisms of Antarctic sea ice predictability and by the intriguing large variations of the observed sea ice extent in recent years, the Sea Ice Prediction Network South (SIPN South) project was initiated in 2017, building upon the Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Network. The SIPN South project annually coordinates spring-to-summer predictions of Antarctic sea ice conditions, to allow robust evaluation and intercomparison, and to guide future development in polar prediction systems. In this paper, we present and discuss the initial SIPN South results collected over six summer seasons (December-February 2017-2018 to 2022-2023). We use data from 22 unique contributors spanning five continents that have together delivered more than 3000 individual forecasts of sea ice area and concentration. The SIPN South median forecast of the circumpolar sea ice area captures the sign of the recent negative anomalies, and the verifying observations are systematically included in the 10-90% range of the forecast distribution. These statements also hold at the regional level except in the Ross Sea where the systematic biases and the ensemble spread are the largest. A notable finding is that the group forecast, constructed by aggregating the data provided by each contributor, outperforms most of the individual forecasts, both at the circumpolar and regional levels. This indicates the value of combining predictions to average out model-specific errors. Finally, we find that dynamical model predictions (i.e., based on process-based general circulation models) generally perform worse than statistical model predictions (i.e., data-driven empirical models including machine learning) in representing the regional variability of sea ice concentration in summer. SIPN South is a collaborative community project that is hosted on a shared public repository. The forecast and verification data used in SIPN South are publicly available in near-real time for further use by the polar research community, and eventually, policymakers.

Towards a wireless sensing infrastructure for smart mobility - Syed Faizan Husain; Erol Tutumluer; Kirill A. Mechitov; Issam I.A. Qamhia; Bill Spencer; J. Riley Edwards (Transportation Geotechnics, 2023)

Improving the combined use of reflectance and thermal channels for ocean and coastal cloud detection for the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) - Claire E. Bulgin; Agnieszka Faulkner; Christopher J. Merchant; Gary K. Corlett; Niall McCarroll; Owen Embury; Edward Polehampton; Connor McGurk (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Investigating spatio-temporal variability of initial 230Th/232Th in intertidal corals - Hong-Wei Chiang; Belle Philibosian; Aron J. Meltzner; Chung-Che Wu; Chuan-Chou Shen; R. Lawrence Edwards; Chih-Kai Chuang; Bambang W. Suwargadi; Danny H. Natawidjaja (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Uranus ring occultation observations: 1977–2006 - Richard G. French; Colleen A. McGhee-French; Mitchell Gordon; Richard L. Baron; Amanda S. Bosh; Marc W. Buie; Nancy Chanover; Mary Ann Clark; Edward W. Dunham; Linda M. French; Ian S. Glass; Jay D. Goguen; et al. (Icarus, 2023)

Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) variants leading to hyperinsulinism-polycystic kidney disease are associated with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease and gastric antral foveolar hyperplasia - Fevronia Kiparissi; Antonia Dastamani; Liina Palm; Aline Azabdaftari; Luis Campos; Edward Gaynor; Stephanie Grünewald; Holm H. Uhlig; Robert Kleta; Detlef Böckenhauer; Kelsey D. J. Jones (Human Genetics, 2023)
Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) deficiency causes Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (PMM2-CDG), but does not have a recognised association with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). A distinct clinical syndrome of hyperinsulinism and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (HIPKD) arises in the context of a specific variant in the PMM2 promotor, either in homozygosity, or compound heterozygous with a deleterious PMM2 variant. Here, we describe the development of IBD in three patients with PMM2-HIPKD, with onset of IBD at 0, 6, and 10 years of age. In each case, intestinal inflammation coincided with the unusual finding of gastric antral foveolar hyperplasia. IBD disease was of variable severity at onset but well controlled with conventional and first-line biologic treatment approaches. The organ-level pattern of disease manifestations in PMM2-HIPKD-IBD may reflect a loss of cis -acting regulatory control by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A). Analysis of published transcriptomic data suggests that IBD most likely arises due to an impact on epithelial cellular function. We identify a specific pattern of variation in PMM2 as a novel association of early-onset IBD with distinctive gastric pathology.

Flow cytometry-based biomarker assay for in vitro identification of microalgal symbionts conferring heat tolerance on corals - Patrick Buerger; Marcin Buler; Heng L. Yeap; Owain R. Edwards; Madeleine J. H. van Oppen; John G. Oakeshott; Leon Court (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Corals’ tolerance to high temperature stress largely depends on their symbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae). However, the contributing microalgal traits and their relationships to one another are largely unclear. Here we compare the in vitro cellular profiles of seven Cladocopium C1 acro microalgal strains (derived from the same ancestral strain) during a four-week exposure to 27°C or 31°C. One was an unselected wild-type strain (WT), three were selected at 31°C for nine years and shown to confer thermal tolerance on the coral host (SS+) and three others were similarly selected but did not confer tolerance (SS-). Flow cytometry was used to measure the staining intensities of cells treated with dyes representing the intracellular stress indicators reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (rGSH) and mitochondrial activity, as well as cell size/shape and photosynthetic pigments. Cell densities and photosynthetic efficiency (ϕPSII, F v /F m ) were also measured. WT showed the highest levels of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial activity, lowest rGSH and largest cell sizes at both temperatures. SS+ strains had the lowest ROS and highest rGSH values and a unique pattern of correlations among parameters at 31°C. Our results support previous reports implicating the role of microalgal ROS, mitochondria and rGSH in holobiont thermal tolerance and suggest flow cytometry is a useful screening tool for identifying microalgal strains with enhanced thermal tolerance.

Modes of ingress by larvae and juveniles of marine fishes into estuaries: From microtidal to macrotidal systems - Alan K. Whitfield; Ian C. Potter; Francisco J. Neira; Edward D. Houde (Fish and Fisheries, 2023)
We review published research on the ingress of larvae and early juveniles of marine fishes into estuaries subjected to different tidal regimes and provide perspectives on the abilities and responses of these early‐life stages to the physico‐chemical, hydrodynamic and biological drivers that facilitate such ingress. We focus on documenting ingress and the mechanisms employed by early‐stage fishes from coastal waters to enter different types of microtidal and macrotidal estuaries but also include information on ingress into mesotidal systems. Spawning localities for estuary‐associated marine fishes are assessed with respect to ontogeny of larvae and their ability to ingress estuaries during the preflexion and postflexion stages. The processes and physico‐chemical cues employed by larvae and early juveniles to locate estuaries are reviewed, with olfactory cues being recognised as especially important. Particular emphasis is directed to vertical migratory behaviours and selective tidal stream transport (STST) employed by many larvae ingressing macrotidal estuaries, contrasting with mainly passive flood‐tide entry and active swimming modes typically used by larvae and early juveniles that enter microtidal estuaries and estuarine lakes and lagoon systems.

Long‐term trajectories of non‐native vegetation on islands globally - Anna Walentowitz; Bernd Lenzner; Franz Essl; Nichola Strandberg; Alvaro Castilla‐Beltrán; José María Fernández‐Palacios; Svante Björck; Simon Connor; Simon G. Haberle; Karl Ljung; Matiu Prebble; Janet M. Wilmshurst; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2023)
Human‐mediated changes in island vegetation are, among others, largely caused by the introduction and establishment of non‐native species. However, data on past changes in non‐native plant species abundance that predate historical documentation and censuses are scarce. Islands are among the few places where we can track human arrival in natural systems allowing us to reveal changes in vegetation dynamics with the arrival of non‐native species. We matched fossil pollen data with botanical status information (native, non‐native), and quantified the timing, trajectories and magnitude of non‐native plant vegetational change on 29 islands over the past 5000 years. We recorded a proportional increase in pollen of non‐native plant taxa within the last 1000 years. Individual island trajectories are context‐dependent and linked to island settlement histories. Our data show that non‐native plant introductions have a longer and more dynamic history than is generally recognized, with critical implications for biodiversity baselines and invasion biology.

Tonian–Ediacaran evolution of the Brunovistulian microcontinent (Czech Republic) deciphered from LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar muscovite ages - Martin J. Timmerman; Lukáš Krmíček; Simona Krmíčková; Jiří Sláma; Masafumi Sudo; Edward Sobel (Precambrian Research, 2023)

A critical scientific and policy opinion on reuse and reclamation of contaminated wastewater for agriculture and other purposes - Evgenios Agathokleous; Damià Barceló; Edward J. Calabrese (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023)

Climate-driven shifts in pelagic fish distributions in a rapidly changing Pacific Arctic - Robert M. Levine; Alex De Robertis; Daniel Grünbaum; Sharon Wildes; Edward V. Farley; Phyllis J. Stabeno; Christopher D. Wilson (Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2023)

Socio-economic parameters affect CO2 emissions and energy consumption – An analysis over the United Nations Countries - Marco Balsamo; Fabio Montagnaro; Edward J. Anthony (Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2023)

Updated guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat - S. A. Boden; R. A. McIntosh; C. Uauy; S. G. Krattinger; J. Dubcovsky; W. J. Rogers; X. C. Xia; E. D. Badaeva; A. R. Bentley; G. Brown-Guedira; M. Caccamo; L. Cattivelli; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023)
Key message Here, we provide an updated set of guidelines for naming genes in wheat that has been endorsed by the wheat research community. Abstract The last decade has seen a proliferation in genomic resources for wheat, including reference- and pan-genome assemblies with gene annotations, which provide new opportunities to detect, characterise, and describe genes that influence traits of interest. The expansion of genetic information has supported growth of the wheat research community and catalysed strong interest in the genes that control agronomically important traits, such as yield, pathogen resistance, grain quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. To accommodate these developments, we present an updated set of guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat. These guidelines can be used to describe loci identified based on morphological or phenotypic features or to name genes based on sequence information, such as similarity to genes characterised in other species or the biochemical properties of the encoded protein. The updated guidelines provide a flexible system that is not overly prescriptive but provides structure and a common framework for naming genes in wheat, which may be extended to related cereal species. We propose these guidelines be used henceforth by the wheat research community to facilitate integration of data from independent studies and allow broader and more efficient use of text and data mining approaches, which will ultimately help further accelerate wheat research and breeding.

Plant-based production of an orally active cyclotide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis - Mark A. Jackson; Jing Xie; Linh T. T. Nguyen; Xiaohan Wang; Kuok Yap; Peta J. Harvey; Edward K. Gilding; David J. Craik (Transgenic Research, 2023)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment with often severe side effects. One experimental MS therapeutic currently under development is a single amino acid mutant of a plant peptide termed kalata B1, of the cyclotide family. Like all cyclotides, the therapeutic candidate [T20K]kB1 is highly stable as it contains a cyclic backbone that is cross-linked by three disulfide bonds in a knot-like structure. This stability is much sought after for peptide drugs, which despite exquisite selectivity for their targets, are prone to rapid degradation in human serum. In preliminary investigations, it was found that [T20K]kB1 retains oral activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS in mice, thus opening up opportunities for oral dosing of the peptide. Although [T20K]kB1 can be synthetically produced, a recombinant production system provides advantages, specifically for reduced scale-up costs and reductions in chemical waste. In this study, we demonstrate the capacity of the Australian native Nicotiana benthamiana plant to produce a structurally identical [T20K]kB1 to that of the synthetic peptide. By optimizing the co-expressed cyclizing enzyme, precursor peptide arrangements, and transgene regulatory regions, we demonstrate a [T20K]kB1 yield in crude peptide extracts of ~ 0.3 mg/g dry mass) in whole plants and close to 1.0 mg/g dry mass in isolated infiltrated leaves. With large-scale plant production facilities coming on-line across the world, the sustainable and cost-effective production of cyclotide-based therapeutics is now within reach.

Effects of data sources and biological criteria on length-at-maturity estimates and spawning periodicity of the commercially important Hawaiian snapper, Etelis coruscans - Erin M. Reed; Nancy J. Brown-Peterson; Edward E. DeMartini; Allen H. Andrews (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Reproductive characteristics of a fish stock provide important tools for assessing population health. Change in length-at-maturity ( L 50 ) is a potential indicator of exploited fish populations but when criteria for determining maturity classifications are inconsistent, it is difficult to accurately assess change over time and space. Etelis coruscans is a commercially important eteline snapper found throughout the Indo-Pacific, but its region-specific reproductive information in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) is sparse. The present study describes length-specific (fork length: FL) female reproductive characteristics of this deep water snapper in the context of a data-limited fishery. We explored the use of six maturity classification criteria based on a functionally mature (containing vitellogenic oocytes and capable of spawning within the season of collection) or physiologically mature (gonadotropin-dependent maturation initiation) designation combined with seasonality and inclusion of additional reproductive phases. Of these classifications, the largest and therefore most conservative estimate was for functional maturity during the spawning period, September-December ( L 50F = 65.8 cm ). Progressively smaller L 50 estimates occurred as we incorporated additional reproductive phases and seasonality, the smallest being for physiological maturity during the entire year ( L 50PY = 50.0 cm). Both functional and physiological maturity criteria are valid for estimating L 50 but can yield drastically different parameter estimates based on the definition of mature or immature reproductive phases. Fish that are relatively slow growing, late to mature, and whose fisheries encompass a wide size range, such as E. coruscans , may be more subject to unreliability in the development of their reproductive indicators (length-at-maturity and spawning period) when inconsistent maturity classification criteria are executed over time. We discuss the reproductive characteristics of E. coruscans in the MHI, the use of alternative maturity classification criteria in L 50 estimation, the impact on resultant parameters estimates, and the life history implications for the future fishery.

Nitric oxide, hormesis and plant biology - Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Freshwater Flow Affects Subsidies of a Copepod (Pseudodiaptomus forbesi) to Low-Salinity Food Webs in the Upper San Francisco Estuary - Jason L. Hassrick; Josh Korman; Wim J. Kimmerer; Edward S. Gross; Lenny F. Grimaldo; Calvin Lee; Andrew A. Schultz (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Productivity of the food web supporting small pelagic fishes in the upper San Francisco Estuary is chronically low, and some of the native fish species are in a long-term decline. The low-salinity (oligohaline) zone (LSZ) is particularly depauperate in phytoplankton and zooplankton. Based on prior empirical studies, it is hypothesized that freshwater flow increases the subsidy of a key copepod prey species ( Pseudodiaptomus forbesi ) from its freshwater population center into the LSZ. We combined hydrodynamic and particle-tracking modeling with Bayesian analysis in a box-model approach to estimate the magnitude of this subsidy and its dependence on freshwater flow rates. Net gains of P. forbesi into the LSZ came mostly from freshwater, landward regions of higher copepod abundance. The subsidy increased with freshwater flow, a finding that supports previous empirical analyses. However, in the context of persistent drought and ongoing climate change, the levels required to achieve a detectable net gain may be difficult and costly to achieve.

Survival of epithelial ovarian cancer in Black women: a society to cell approach in the African American cancer epidemiology study (AACES) - Joellen M. Schildkraut; Courtney Johnson; Lauren F. Dempsey; Bo Qin; Paul Terry; Maxwell Akonde; Edward S. Peters; Hannah Mandle; Michele L. Cote; Lauren Peres; Patricia Moorman; Ann G. Schwartz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)
Purpose The causes for the survival disparity among Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are likely multi-factorial. Here we describe the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), the largest cohort of Black women with EOC. Methods AACES phase 2 (enrolled 2020 onward) is a multi-site, population-based study focused on overall survival (OS) of EOC. Rapid case ascertainment is used in ongoing patient recruitment in eight U.S. states, both northern and southern. Data collection is composed of a survey, biospecimens, and medical record abstraction. Results characterizing the survival experience of the phase 1 study population (enrolled 2010–2015) are presented. Results Thus far, ~ 650 patients with EOC have been enrolled in the AACES. The five-year OS of AACES participants approximates those of Black women in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry who survive at least 10-month past diagnosis and is worse compared to white women in SEER, 49 vs. 60%, respectively. A high proportion of women in AACES have low levels of household income (45% < $25,000 annually), education (51% ≤ high school education), and insurance coverage (32% uninsured or Medicaid). Those followed annually differ from those without follow-up with higher levels of localized disease (28 vs 24%) and higher levels of optimal debulking status (73 vs 67%). Conclusion AACES is well positioned to evaluate the contribution of social determinants of health to the poor survival of Black women with EOC and advance understanding of the multi-factorial causes of the ovarian cancer survival disparity in Black women.

Agricultural systems regulate plant and insect diversity and induce ecosystem novelty - Jessie Woodbridge; Ralph Fyfe; David Smith; Anne de Varielles; Ruth Pelling; Michael J. Grant; Robert Batchelor; Robert Scaife; James Greig; Petra Dark; Denise Druce; Geoff Garbett; et al. (Anthropocene, 2023)

Vulnerability to climate change of managed stocks in the California Current large marine ecosystem - Michelle M. McClure; Melissa A. Haltuch; Ellen Willis-Norton; David D. Huff; Elliott L. Hazen; Lisa G. Crozier; Michael G. Jacox; Mark W. Nelson; Kelly S. Andrews; Lewis A.K. Barnett; Aaron M. Berger; Sabrina Beyer; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Introduction Understanding how abundance, productivity and distribution of individual species may respond to climate change is a critical first step towards anticipating alterations in marine ecosystem structure and function, as well as developing strategies to adapt to the full range of potential changes. Methods This study applies the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Fisheries Climate Vulnerability Assessment method to 64 federally-managed species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem to assess their vulnerability to climate change, where vulnerability is a function of a species’ exposure to environmental change and its biological sensitivity to a set of environmental conditions, which includes components of its resiliency and adaptive capacity to respond to these new conditions. Results Overall, two-thirds of the species were judged to have Moderate or greater vulnerability to climate change, and only one species was anticipated to have a positive response. Species classified as Highly or Very Highly vulnerable share one or more characteristics including: 1) having complex life histories that utilize a wide range of freshwater and marine habitats; 2) having habitat specialization, particularly for areas that are likely to experience increased hypoxia; 3) having long lifespans and low population growth rates; and/or 4) being of high commercial value combined with impacts from non-climate stressors such as anthropogenic habitat degradation. Species with Low or Moderate vulnerability are either habitat generalists, occupy deep-water habitats or are highly mobile and likely to shift their ranges. Discussion As climate-related changes intensify, this work provides key information for both scientists and managers as they address the long-term sustainability of fisheries in the region. This information can inform near-term advice for prioritizing species-level data collection and research on climate impacts, help managers to determine when and where a precautionary approach might be warranted, in harvest or other management decisions, and help identify habitats or life history stages that might be especially effective to protect or restore.

The morphology, functionality, and longevity of a novel all human hepatic cell-based tri-culture system - Jessica R. Weaver; Justin J. Odanga; Kristina K. Wolf; Stephanie Piekos; Mercedes Biven; Mitchell Taub; Jessica LaRocca; Cody Thomas; Alexander Byer-Alcorace; Jingsong Chen; Jung Bok Lee; Edward L. LeCluyse (Toxicology in Vitro, 2023)

Manhattan Project genetic studies: Flawed research discredits LNT recommendations - Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous; James Giordano; Paul B. Selby (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Foxes at your front door? Habitat selection and home range estimation of suburban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) - Halina T. Kobryn; Edward J. Swinhoe; Philip W. Bateman; Peter J. Adams; Jill M. Shephard; Patricia A. Fleming (Urban Ecosystems, 2023)
The red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) is one of the most adaptable carnivorans, thriving in cities across the globe. We used GPS-tracking of five suburban foxes across high-density residential suburbs of Perth, Western Australia to quantify (1) their habitat selection and (2) home range area. All five foxes showed statistically significant avoidance of residential locations (p < 0.001) and preference for parkland (p < 0.001), with native vegetation reserves, golf courses, and water reserves showing disproportionately greater use. Landuse category also influenced their movements, with foxes moving quickest (i.e., commuting) in proximity to roads and slowest (i.e., foraging) when they were further from roads. Three females had core home ranges (50% autocorrelated-corrected kernel density estimate; AKDE c ) averaging 37 ± 20 ha or 95% AKDE c averaging 208 ± 196 ha. One male had a 95 ha core home range and 349 ha 95% AKDE c but the other male covered an area ~ 20 times this: using a 371 ha core home range and 7,368 ha 95% AKDE c . The extensive movement patterns we describe are likely to be common for urban foxes, with half of published home range estimates for urban foxes (principally based on VHF data) excluding data for ‘lost’ individuals or animals that showed ‘excursions’. It is likely that the home range estimates for these urban exploiters have therefore been grossly underestimated to date. Further application of GPS trackers that allow remote download will vastly improve our understanding of habitat preference and exploitation of resources by urban foxes.

The National Conference on Health Disparities Student Research Forum - Marvella E. Ford; Angela M. Malek; Erica Martino; Latecia Abraham-Hilaire; Oluwole Ariyo; Dana Burshell; Gloria Callwood; Laura Campbell; Kimberly Cannady; Courtney Chavis; Brittney Crawford; Andie Edwards; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)
The annual National Conference on Health Disparities (NCHD) was launched in 2000. It unites health professionals, researchers, community leaders, and government officials, and is a catalyzing force in developing policies, research interventions, and programs that address prevention, social determinants, health disparities, and health equity. The NCHD Student Research Forum (SRF) was established in 2011 at the Medical University of South Carolina to build high-quality biomedical research presentation capacity in primarily underrepresented undergraduate and graduate/professional students. This paper describes the unique research training and professional development aspects of the NCHD SRF. These include guidance in abstract development, a webinar on presentation techniques and methods, a vibrant student-centric conference, and professional development workshops on finding a mentor and locating scholarship/fellowship funding, networking, and strategies for handling ethical issues in research with mentors. Between 2011 and 2018, 400 undergraduate and graduate/professional students participated in the NCHD SRF. Most students were women (80.5%). Approximately half were African American or black (52.3%), 18.0% were white, and 21.3% were of Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity. The NCHD SRF is unique in several ways. First, it provides detailed instructions on developing a scientific abstract, including content area examples. Second, it establishes a mandatory pre-conference training webinar demonstrating how to prepare a scientific poster. Third, it works with the research mentors, faculty advisors, department chairs, and deans to help identify potential sources of travel funding for students with accepted abstracts. These features make the NCHD SRF different from many other conferences focused on students’ scientific presentations.

SCIP: software for efficient clinical interpretation of copy number variants detected by whole-genome sequencing - Qiliang Ding; Cherith Somerville; Roozbeh Manshaei; Brett Trost; Miriam S. Reuter; Kelsey Kalbfleisch; Kaitlin Stanley; John B. A. Okello; S. Mohsen Hosseini; Eriskay Liston; Meredith Curtis; Mehdi Zarrei; et al. (Human Genetics, 2023)
Copy number variants (CNVs) represent major etiologic factors in rare genetic diseases. Current clinical CNV interpretation workflows require extensive back-and-forth with multiple tools and databases. This increases complexity and time burden, potentially resulting in missed genetic diagnoses. We present the Suite for CNV Interpretation and Prioritization (SCIP), a software package for the clinical interpretation of CNVs detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The SCIP Visualization Module near-instantaneously displays all information necessary for CNV interpretation (variant quality, population frequency, inheritance pattern, and clinical relevance) on a single page—supported by modules providing variant filtration and prioritization. SCIP was comprehensively evaluated using WGS data from 1027 families with congenital cardiac disease and/or autism spectrum disorder, containing 187 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) CNVs identified in previous curations. SCIP was efficient in filtration and prioritization: a median of just two CNVs per case were selected for review, yet it captured all P/LP findings (92.5% of which ranked 1st). SCIP was also able to identify one pathogenic CNV previously missed. SCIP was benchmarked against AnnotSV and a spreadsheet-based manual workflow and performed superiorly than both. In conclusion, SCIP is a novel software package for efficient clinical CNV interpretation, substantially faster and more accurate than previous tools (available at https://github.com/qd29/SCIP , a video tutorial series is available at https://bit.ly/SCIPVideos ).

Comparison of Prospective and Retrospective Gated 4D Flow Cardiac MR Image Acquisitions in the Carotid Bifurcation - Elliott R. Hurd; Mengjiao Han; Jason K. Mendes; J. Rock Hadley; Chris R. Johnson; Edward V. R. DiBella; John N. Oshinski; Lucas H. Timmins (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2023)

Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee - Dann Turner; Andrey N. Shkoporov; Cédric Lood; Andrew D. Millard; Bas E. Dutilh; Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini; Leonardo J. van Zyl; Ramy K. Aziz; Hanna M. Oksanen; Minna M. Poranen; Andrew M. Kropinski; Jakub Barylski; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2023)
This article summarises the activities of the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for the period of March 2021−March 2022. We provide an overview of the new taxa proposed in 2021, approved by the Executive Committee, and ratified by vote in 2022. Significant changes to the taxonomy of bacterial viruses were introduced: the paraphyletic morphological families Podoviridae , Siphoviridae , and Myoviridae as well as the order Caudovirales were abolished, and a binomial system of nomenclature for species was established. In addition, one order, 22 families, 30 subfamilies, 321 genera, and 862 species were newly created, promoted, or moved.

Nutrient function over form: Organic and inorganic nitrogen additions have similar effects on lake phytoplankton nutrient limitation - Sabrina N. Volponi; Heather L. Wander; David C. Richardson; Clayton J. Williams; Denise A. Bruesewitz; Shelley Arnott; Jennifer A. Brentrup; Hailee L. Edwards; Holly A. Ewing; Kristen Holeck; Lauren Johnson; Brian S. Kim; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
The concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is increasing in many northern hemisphere lakes, yet its use by phytoplankton and fate in the environment seldom have been quantified. We conducted 1 week, in situ, microcosm incubations across 25 lakes in northeastern North America to understand how DON, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (P) affected phytoplankton biomass. In addition, we tested whether lakes were limited by single macronutrients (N or P) or colimited by both. Phytoplankton biomass in 80% of lakes responded similarly to DON and DIN additions. Of the lakes where N form produced differential responses, the majority of phytoplankton communities exhibited greater biomass accumulation with DON than DIN. Colimitation was the most common type of nutrient limitation among the study lakes, followed by P limitation. Limitation type shifted with N form in 40% of the study lakes, but without consistent patterns explaining how shifts occurred. Regardless of N form, lakes with watersheds more dominated by agriculture and higher total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) tended to show P‐limited phytoplankton responses, while lakes with less agricultural watersheds and lower TDN tended to show colimited phytoplankton responses. Finally, ambient TDN and total phosphorus (TP) nutrient concentrations were stronger predictors of limitation type than ambient TDN : TP ratios. The different contributions of DON and DIN to phytoplankton biomass in some of our study lakes suggest that DON loading from surrounding watersheds may be an overlooked component in predicting phytoplankton productivity and nutrient limitation dynamics in freshwater ecosystems.

A roadmap for ladybird conservation and recovery - António O. Soares; Danny Haelewaters; Olga M. C. C. Ameixa; Isabel Borges; Peter M. J. Brown; Pedro Cardoso; Michiel D. de Groot; Edward W. Evans; Audrey A. Grez; Axel Hochkirch; Milada Holecová; Alois Honěk; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provide services that are critical to food production, and they fulfill an ecological role as a food source for predators. The richness, abundance, and distribution of ladybirds, however, are compromised by many anthropogenic threats. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge of the conservation status of most species and the factors driving their population dynamics hinders the development and implementation of conservation strategies for ladybirds. We conducted a review of the literature on the ecology, diversity, and conservation of ladybirds to identify their key ecological threats. Ladybird populations are most affected by climate factors, landscape composition, and biological invasions. We suggest mitigating actions for ladybird conservation and recovery. Short‐term actions include citizen science programs and education, protective measures for habitat recovery and threatened species, prevention of the introduction of non‐native species, and the maintenance and restoration of natural areas and landscape heterogeneity. Mid‐term actions involve the analysis of data from monitoring programs and insect collections to disentangle the effect of different threats to ladybird populations, understand habitat use by taxa on which there is limited knowledge, and quantify temporal trends of abundance, diversity, and biomass along a management‐intensity gradient. Long‐term actions include the development of a worldwide monitoring program based on standardized sampling to fill data gaps, increase explanatory power, streamline analyses, and facilitate global collaborations.

Coral disease outbreak at the remote Flower Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico - Michelle A. Johnston; Michael S. Studivan; Ian C. Enochs; Adrienne M. S. Correa; Nicole Besemer; Ryan J. Eckert; Kimberly Edwards; Ryan Hannum; Xinping Hu; Marissa Nuttall; Kelly O’Connell; Ana M. Palacio-Castro; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
East and West Flower Garden Bank (FGB) are part of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) in the northwest Gulf of Mexico. This geographically-isolated reef system contains extensive coral communities with the highest coral cover (>50%) in the continental United States due, in part, to their remoteness and depth, and have historically exhibited low incidence of coral disease and bleaching despite ocean warming. Yet in late August 2022, disease-like lesions on seven coral species were reported during routine monitoring surveys on East and West FGB (2.1–2.6% prevalence). A series of rapid response cruises were conducted in September and October 2022 focused on 1) characterizing signs and epidemiological aspects of the disease across FGB and within long-term monitoring sites, 2) treating affected coral colonies with Base 2B plus amoxicillin, and 3) collecting baseline images through photostations and photomosaics. Marginal and/or multi-focal lesions and tissue loss were observed, often associated with substantial fish and invertebrate predation, affecting the dominant coral species Pseudodiploria strigosa (7–8% lesion prevalence), Colpophyllia natans (11–18%), and Orbicella spp. (1%). Characterizing this disease event during its early epidemic phase at East and West FGB provides a critical opportunity to observe how coral disease functions in a relatively healthy coral ecosystem versus on reefs chronically affected by various stressors (e.g., Caribbean reefs adjacent to urban centers). Insights into the etiology, spread, and impacts of the disease can ultimately inform efforts to mitigate its effects on coral communities.

Solar-driven semi-conductor photocatalytic water treatment (TiO2, g-C3N4, and TiO2+g-C3N4) of cyanotoxins: Proof-of-concept study with microcystin-LR - Carlos J. Pestana; Jianing Hui; Dolores Camacho-Muñoz; Christine Edwards; Peter K.J. Robertson; John.T.S. Irvine; Linda A. Lawton (Chemosphere, 2023)

Detection of numerous phycotoxins in young bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) collected from an estuary of national significance - Michelle L. Edwards; Adam M. Schaefer; Malcolm McFarland; Spencer Fire; Christopher R. Perkins; Matthew J. Ajemian (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Monoterpenoid acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum hengshanense W. T. Wang with antiproliferative activities - Ruifei Zhang; Zhuo Cheng; Qiong Fang; Edward J. Kennelly; Chunlin Long (Phytochemistry, 2023)

Irregular silviculture and stand structural effects on the plant community in an ancient semi-natural woodland - D.C. Alder; B. Edwards; A. Poore; J. Norrey; S.J. Marsden (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Fine particulate matter and incident coronary heart disease events up to 10 years of follow-up among Deepwater Horizon oil spill workers - Dazhe Chen; Dale P. Sandler; Alexander P. Keil; Gerardo Heiss; Eric A. Whitsel; Gregory C. Pratt; Patricia A. Stewart; Mark R. Stenzel; Caroline P. Groth; Sudipto Banerjee; Tran B. Huynh; Jessie K. Edwards; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Cre-mediated autoexcision of selectable marker genes in soybean, cotton, canola and maize transgenic plants - Xudong Ye; Zarir Vaghchhipawala; Edward J. Williams; Changlin Fu; Jinyuan Liu; Fengming Lu; Erin L. Hall; Shirley X. Guo; LaRee Frank; Larry A. Gilbertson (Plant Cell Reports, 2023)

Fisheries Oceanography : The first 30 years and new challenges in the 21st century - Steven J. Bograd; Martin Edwards; Shin‐ichi Ito; Janet Nye; Emily Chappell (Fisheries Oceanography, 2023)
The journal Fisheries Oceanography provides a global forum for fisheries scientists and oceanographers to understand how marine ecosystems, and the services they provide to society, are structured and shaped by environmental variability and climate change. With this special issue, as well as the 30th Anniversary Virtual Issue of the most influential papers from the journal's history, we commemorate 30 years of publishing leading research in the field of fisheries oceanography. These issues showcase the extent, depth and impact of the research published in Fisheries Oceanography . We also reflect on the evolution of research themes through the journal's history, and highlight key emergent themes in our field. We look forward to continuing to publish impactful research in the pages of Fisheries Oceanography in the years ahead.

Reproductive sterility in aquaculture: A review of induction methods and an emerging approach with application to Pacific Northwest finfish species - Lan Xu; Mingli Zhao; Jun Hyung Ryu; Edward S. Hayman; William T. Fairgrieve; Yonathan Zohar; J. Adam Luckenbach; Ten‐Tsao Wong (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2023)
Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing food‐production sector and is striving to become a long‐term sustainable approach to meet the rising global demand for seafood. During the expansion and advancement of aquaculture, minimizing ecological impacts should occur concomitantly with maximizing production. Farmed fish, often genetically distinct from their natural conspecifics, may pose significant risks of genetic contamination and ecological imbalance to wild populations if they escape from aquaculture confinement. Growing reproductively sterile fish is the most effective way to genetically contain farmed fish. Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) escape events in the ‘Pacific Northwest’ region of the United States and Canada have raised alarms over potential ecological impacts and led to legislation in Washington State phasing out the culture of non‐native finfish species. Farming sterile native species such as coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ) in the Pacific Northwest would ease public concerns and promote environmentally and economically sustainable aquaculture. Sterile fish also can mitigate the challenge of precocious maturation, a prominent issue associated with culture of salmonids and many other species, to improve somatic growth, flesh quality and fish health and welfare. Here, we review methods having potential applications for producing sterile fish and introduce our novel immersion‐based technology that temporarily silences the dead end ( dnd ) gene using Morpholino oligonucleotides to produce sterile coho salmon and sablefish for the first time. The successful induction of sterility in these two iconic Pacific Northwest species without introducing genetic modifications would promote the use of this immersion‐based sterilization technology for more aquaculture finfish worldwide.

Evolution of the French Guiana coast from Late Pleistocene to Holocene based on chenier and beach sand dating - Guillaume Brunier; Toru Tamura; Edward J. Anthony; Philippe Dussouillez; Antoine Gardel (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)
The 1500-km-long Guianas coast between the Amazon delta in Brazil and the Orinoco delta in Venezuela is characterized by alternations of muddy shoreline advance and retreat caused by large mud banks migrating alongshore from the mouths of the Amazon. In this dominantly muddy environment, wave reworking of sand and shells results in the formation of beaches, termed ‘cheniers’, that provide valuable information on coastal evolution, especially on past erosional phases. Twenty-eight depositional ages showing the long-term patterns of shoreline mobility in French Guiana were obtained from optically stimulated luminescence. Twenty-one ages younger than 7 ka define three clusters centred on 4.5 ka, 1.0–1.3 ka, and 0.30 ka. They indicate that chenier formation was relatively synchronous and significantly affected by alongshore diversions of river mouths and changes in river-mouth position over time under the influence of muddy shoreline advance. A prominent cluster at 1.0–1.3 ka reveals a clear hiatus after the 4.5 ka cluster, indicating that the present muddy coastal plain of French Guiana was largely formed and preserved after 1.0–1.3 ka. This cluster also implies either an episode of coastal retreat or no coastal advance around 1.0–1.3 ka. The remaining seven samples were derived from Late Pleistocene deposits of headland-bound beaches and probable cheniers capped by aeolian sand, suggesting similar conditions of coastal Amazon mud-dominated sedimentation. By informing on past patterns of shoreline mobility, these results have broader implications for coastal land-use planning and shoreline management between the mouths of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers.

Ground-motion prediction models for induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands - Julian J. Bommer; Peter J. Stafford; Elmer Ruigrok; Adrian Rodriguez-Marek; Michail Ntinalexis; Pauline P. Kruiver; Benjamin Edwards; Bernard Dost; Jan van Elk (Journal of Seismology, 2022)
Small-magnitude earthquakes induced by gas production in the Groningen field in the Netherlands have prompted the development of seismic risk models that serve both to estimate the impact of these events and to explore the efficacy of different risk mitigation strategies. A core element of the risk modelling is ground-motion prediction models (GMPM) derived from an extensive database of recordings obtained from a dense network of accelerographs installed in the field. For the verification of damage claims, an empirical GMPM for peak ground velocity (PGV) has been developed, which predicts horizontal PGV as a function of local magnitude, M L ; hypocentral distance, R hyp ; and the time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the upper 30 m, V S30 . For modelling the risk due to potential induced and triggered earthquakes of larger magnitude, a GMPM for response spectral accelerations has been developed from regressions on the outputs from finite-rupture simulations of motions at a deeply buried rock horizon. The GMPM for rock motions is coupled with a zonation map defining frequency-dependent non-linear amplification factors to obtain estimates of surface motions in the region of thick deposits of soft soils. The GMPM for spectral accelerations is formulated within a logic-tree framework to capture the epistemic uncertainty associated with extrapolation from recordings of events of M L ≤ 3.6 to much larger magnitudes.

Sign-oriented Dirichlet Normal Energy: Aligning Dental Topography and Dental Function in the R-package molaR - James D. Pampush; Paul E. Morse; Edward J. Fuselier; Matthew M. Skinner; Richard F. Kay (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2022)

Maternal Nutrient History Enhances Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) Seedling Growth After Propagules Experience a Hard Freeze - Sophia E. Hoffman; Donna J. Devlin; C. Edward Proffitt (Estuaries and Coasts, 2022)

Investigating how economic and national identity loss messages impact climate change policy support - Anna Klas; Edward J. R. Clarke; Kelly Fielding; Matthew Mackay; Susanne Lohmann; Mathew Ling (Climatic Change, 2022)

Streptomyces spiramenti sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea microbial mat - Rachel M. Loughran; Caitlin M. Diefendorf; Jassmine R. Reill-VanSise; Edward A. Mitchell; Oliver B. Vining; David A. Gallegos; Gregory Miller; Marc J. Koyack; David K. Oline; Orion S. Rivers; Blake Ushijima; Jimmy H. Saw; et al. (Archives of Microbiology, 2022)

Assessing Coastal Flood Risk in a Changing Climate for Dublin, Ireland - Roberta Paranunzio; Marco Guerrini; Edward Dwyer; Paul J. Alexander; Barry O’Dwyer (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
With increasing urban expansion and population growth, coastal urban areas will be increasingly affected by climate change impacts such as extreme storm events, sea level rise and coastal flooding. To address coastal inundation risk for impact studies, integrated approaches accounting for flood hazard modelling, exposure and vulnerability of human and environmental systems are crucial. In this study, we model the impacts of sea level rise on coastal inundation depth for County Dublin, the most extensively urbanized area in Ireland, for the current period and for 2100 under two Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 4.5 and 8.5. A risk-centred approach has been considered by linking the information on coastal flood-prone areas to the exposure of the urban environment, in terms of potential future land cover changes, and to the socioeconomic vulnerability of the population. The results suggest significant challenges for Dublin city and the surrounding coastal areas, with an increase of around 26% and 67% in the number of administrative units considered at very high risk by the end of the century under a RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. This study aims to contribute to existing coastal inundation research undertaken for Ireland by (i) providing a first-level screening of flooding hazards in the study area, (ii) demonstrating how land cover changes and socioeconomic vulnerability can contribute to the level of experienced risk and (iii) informing local authorities and at-risk communities so as to support them in the development of plans for adaptation and resilience.

Uterine fibroid polygenic risk score (PRS) associates and predicts risk for uterine fibroid - Jacqueline A. Piekos; Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Yanfei Zhang; Eric S. Torstenson; Gail P. Jarvik; Ozan Dikilitas; Iftikhar J. Kullo; Daniel J. Schaid; David R. Crosslin; Sarah A. Pendergrass; Ming Ta Michael Lee; Dan Roden; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)

Is LNT anti-evolution dose response model? - Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous (Archives of Toxicology, 2022)

Elevated CO 2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) tested in groups - Dominic M. Jarvis; Edward C. Pope; Mathieu Duteil; Ines Fürtbauer; M. Rowan Brown; Richard J. Davis; Andrew J. King (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
The authors investigated left–right turning preferences of n = 260 juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) reared in ambient conditions and ocean acidification (OA) conditions or in ambient conditions but tested in OA water. Groups of 10 individuals were observed alone in a circular tank, and individuals' left and right turning during free‐swimming was quantified using trajectory data from the video. The authors showed that near‐future OA levels do not affect the number of turns made, or behavioural lateralization (turning preference), in juvenile D. labrax tested in groups.

More than a whistle: Automated detection of marine sound sources with a convolutional neural network - Ellen L. White; Paul R. White; Jonathan M. Bull; Denise Risch; Suzanne Beck; Ewan W. J. Edwards (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The effective analysis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) data has the potential to determine spatial and temporal variations in ecosystem health and species presence if automated detection and classification algorithms are capable of discrimination between marine species and the presence of anthropogenic and environmental noise. Extracting more than a single sound source or call type will enrich our understanding of the interaction between biological, anthropogenic and geophonic soundscape components in the marine environment. Advances in extracting ecologically valuable cues from the marine environment, embedded within the soundscape, are limited by the time required for manual analyses and the accuracy of existing algorithms when applied to large PAM datasets. In this work, a deep learning model is trained for multi-class marine sound source detection using cloud computing to explore its utility for extracting sound sources for use in marine mammal conservation and ecosystem monitoring. A training set is developed comprising existing datasets amalgamated across geographic, temporal and spatial scales, collected across a range of acoustic platforms. Transfer learning is used to fine-tune an open-source state-of-the-art ‘small-scale’ convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect odontocete tonal and broadband call types and vessel noise (from 0 to 48 kHz). The developed CNN architecture uses a custom image input to exploit the differences in temporal and frequency characteristics between each sound source. Each sound source is identified with high accuracy across various test conditions, including variable signal-to-noise-ratio. We evaluate the effect of ambient noise on detector performance, outlining the importance of understanding the variability of the regional soundscape for which it will be deployed. Our work provides a computationally low-cost, efficient framework for mining big marine acoustic data, for information on temporal scales relevant to the management of marine protected areas and the conservation of vulnerable species.

Blood in the water: DNA barcoding of traded shark fins in Singapore - Lynn Drescher; Noel Jin Kiat Heng; Min Yi Chin; Neel R. O. Karve; Edward Jun Wei Cheung; Anastasia Kurniadi; Mariana Quesada Urera; Felipe Gabriel Waldeck; U. Dharshini; Nirel Tze En Hoe; Joshua Song Yang Choo; Russell Fock Jun Lok; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Overfishing has significantly decreased global shark populations, with some species experiencing reductions of approximately 70% over the last 50 years. Singapore is a major shark fin transhipment hub that helps to satisfy the global demand for shark fins, which are considered status symbols and reputed to have medicinal value in Asian culture. Despite the recognised and urgent need to better protect shark populations, the success of such efforts has been limited by the difficulties associated with visually identifying the species of shark from which the fins originated. In this study, we collected 451 shark fin tissue samples from a variety of local retail markets in Singapore. Using DNA barcoding techniques, we amplified a 350 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from each to identify the species sold in Singapore. We identified 22 shark species, of which 17 are categorised as Threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) under the IUCN Red List. Six of these species are also listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Stress induces major depressive disorder by a neutral sphingomyelinase 2-mediated accumulation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma - Fabian Schumacher; Alexander Carpinteiro; Michael J. Edwards; Gregory C. Wilson; Simone Keitsch; Matthias Soddemann; Barbara Wilker; Burkhard Kleuser; Katrin Anne Becker; Christian P. Müller; Johannes Kornhuber; Erich Gulbins (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2022)
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common, severe disease with a lifetime prevalence of ~ 10%. The pathogenesis of MDD is unknown and, unfortunately, therapy is often insufficient. We have previously reported that ceramide levels are increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD and in mice with experimental MDD. Here, we demonstrate that ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma are increased in mice with stress-induced MDD. Genetic studies reveal that neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for the formation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. Accordingly, induced deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 prevented mice from the development of stress-induced MDD. Intravenous injection of microparticles from mice with MDD or injection of ceramide-loaded exosomes induced MDD-like behavior in untreated mice, which was abrogated by ex vivo pre-incubation of purified exosomes with anti-ceramide antibodies or ceramidase. Mechanistically, injection of exosomes from mice with MDD or injection of ex vivo ceramide-loaded microparticles inhibited phospholipase D (PLD) in endothelial cells in vitro and in the hippocampus in vivo and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus, which has been previously shown to mediate MDD by plasma ceramide. In summary, our data indicate that ceramide-enriched exosomes are released by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 into the blood plasma upon stress and mediate stress-induced MDD. Key messages Stress induces ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. Ceramide-enriched exosomes mediate major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 protects from stress-induced MDD. Neutralization or digestion of ceramide in exosomes prevents stress-induced MDD. Ceramide-enriched exosomes inhibit endothelial phospholipase D in the hippocampus.

Development of the invasive candidiasis discharge [I Can discharge] model: a mixed methods analysis - Jinhee Jo; Truc T. Tran; Nicholas D. Beyda; Debora Simmons; Joshua A. Hendrickson; Masaad Saeed Almutairi; Faris S. Alnezary; Anne J. Gonzales-Luna; Edward J. Septimus; Kevin W. Garey (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2022)
Patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) have complex medical and infectious disease problems that often require continued care after discharge. This study aimed to assess echinocandin use at hospital discharge and develop a transition of care (TOC) model to facilitate discharge for patients with IC. This was a mixed method study design that used epidemiologic assessment to better understand echinocandin use at hospital discharge TOC. Using grounded theory methodology focused on patients given echinocandins during their last day of hospitalization, a TOC model for patients with IC, the invasive candidiasis [I Can] discharge model was developed to better understand discharge barriers. A total of 33% (1405/4211) echinocandin courses were continued until the last day of hospitalization. Of 536 patients chosen for in-depth review, 220 (41%) were discharged home, 109 (20%) were transferred, and 207 (39%) died prior to discharge. Almost half (46%, 151/329) of patients discharged alive received outpatient echinocandin therapy. Independent predictors for outpatient echinocandin use were osteomyelitis (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.7; p = 0.04), other deep-seated infection (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7–12.0; p = 0.003), and non-home discharge location (OR, 3.9, 95% CI, 2.0–7.7; p < 0.001). The I Can discharge model was developed encompassing four distinct themes which was used to identify potential barriers to discharge. Significant echinocadin use occurs at hospital discharge TOC. The I Can discharge model may help clinical, policy, and research decision-making processes to facilitate smoother and earlier hospital discharges.

Cancer clinical trials in the Philippines - Michelle Ann B. Eala; Patricia Anne S. Basilio; Edward Christopher Dee; Reno Eufemon P. Cereno; Christian Daniel Ang; Nikko J. Magsanoc; Frederic Ivan L. Ting; Dennis L. Sacdalan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus in incarcerated women scoring high on psychopathy - J. Michael Maurer; Subhadip Paul; Bethany G. Edwards; Nathaniel E. Anderson; Prashanth K. Nyalakanti; Carla L. Harenski; Jean Decety; Kent A. Kiehl (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

A possible role for river restoration enhancing biodiversity through interaction with wildfire - Brittany E. Pugh; Megan Colley; Stephen J. Dugdale; Patrick Edwards; Rebecca Flitcroft; Andrés Holz; Matthew Johnson; Michela Mariani; Mickey Means‐Brous; Kate Meyer; Kevan B. Moffett; Lisa Renan; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Background Historically, wildfire regimes produced important landscape‐scale disturbances in many regions globally. The “pyrodiversity begets biodiversity” hypothesis suggests that wildfires that generate temporally and spatially heterogeneous mosaics of wildfire severity and post‐burn recovery enhance biodiversity at landscape scales. However, river management has often led to channel incision that disconnects rivers from their floodplains, desiccating floodplain habitats and depleting groundwater. In conjunction with predicted increases in frequency, intensity and extent of wildfires under climate change, this increases the likelihood of deep, uniform burns that reduce biodiversity. Predicted synergy of river restoration and biodiversity increase Recent focus on floodplain re‐wetting and restoration of successional floodplain habitat mosaics, developed for river management and flood prevention, could reduce wildfire intensity in restored floodplains and make the burns less uniform, increasing climate‐change resilience; an important synergy. According to theory, this would also enhance biodiversity. However, this possibility is yet to be tested empirically. We suggest potential research avenues. Illustration and future directions We illustrate the interaction between wildfire and river restoration using a restoration project in Oregon, USA. A project to reconnect the South Fork McKenzie River and its floodplain suffered a major burn (“Holiday Farm” wildfire, 2020), offering a rare opportunity to study the interaction between this type of river restoration and wildfire; specifically, the predicted increases in pyrodiversity and biodiversity. Given the importance of river and wetland ecosystems for biodiversity globally, a research priority should be to increase our understanding of potential mechanisms for a “triple win” of flood reduction, wildfire alleviation and biodiversity promotion.

Multi-year acoustic tracking reveals transient movements, recurring hotspots, and apparent seasonality in the coastal-offshore presence of Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) - Jena E. Edwards; Kevin J. Hedges; Steven T. Kessel; Nigel E. Hussey (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Variable movement strategies can complicate the conservation and management of mobile species. Given its extreme life history traits as a long-lived, deep-water species, the Greenland shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) is vulnerable to fisheries bycatch, but little is known over its long-term movements across a spatially and seasonally variable Arctic environment. To address this knowledge gap, the movements of Greenland sharks in coastal fjords and offshore waters of Baffin Bay were examined using seven years of acoustic telemetry data. Seasonal patterns in broad-scale movements and inshore-offshore connectivity were compared among 155 sharks (101 males, 54 females [mean LT = 2.65 ± 0.48 m, range 0.93-3.5 m]) tagged in 6 discrete coastal locations spanning from Grise Fiord to Cumberland Sound (Nunavut). Sharks exhibited transient movements throughout coastal and offshore regions with some evidence of seasonally recurring hotspots revealed by repeat detections of individuals at sites over multiple years. Shark presence in coastal fjords occurred exclusively during the coastal ice-free period (July to November), regardless of the location of tagging or detection, while presence in the offshore was recorded during the period of ice re-formation and cover (November to July). Through multi-year telemetry, it was possible to reveal repetitive patterns in broad-scale habitat use for a complex marine predator with direct relevance for understanding the seasonal distribution of mobile Arctic consumers and informing regional fisheries management.

State of the California Current Ecosystem in 2021: Winter is coming? - Andrew R. Thompson; Eric P. Bjorkstedt; Steven J. Bograd; Jennifer L. Fisher; Elliott L. Hazen; Andrew Leising; Jarrod A. Santora; Erin V. Satterthwaite; William J. Sydeman; Michaela Alksne; Toby D. Auth; Simone Baumann-Pickering; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
In late 2020, models predicted that a strong La Niña would take place for the first time since 2013, and we assessed whether physical and biological indicators in 2021 were similar to past La Niñas in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Oceanic Niño Index indeed remained negative throughout 2021; the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Index, however, remained strongly negative. The seventh largest marine heatwave on record was unexpectedly present from April to the end of 2021; however, similar to past La Niñas, this mass of warm water mostly remained seaward of the continental shelf. As expected from past La Niñas, upwelling and chlorophyll were mostly high and sea surface temperature was low throughout the CCE; however, values were close to average south of Point Conception. Similar to past La Niñas, abundances of lipid-rich, northern copepods off Oregon increased. In northern California, unlike past La Niñas, the body size of North Pacific krill ( Euphausia pacifica ) was close to average. Predictably, overall krill abundance was above average in far northern California but, unexpectedly, below average south of Cape Mendocino. Off Oregon, similar to past La Niñas, larval abundances of three of six coastal species rose, while five of six southern/offshore taxa decreased in 2021. Off California, as expected based on 2020, Northern Anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ) were very abundant, while Pacific Sardine ( Sardinops sagax ) were low. Similar to past La Niñas, market squid ( Doryteuthis opalescens ) and young of the year (YOY) Pacific Hake ( Merluccius pacificus ), YOY sanddabs ( Citharichthys spp.), and YOY rockfishes ( Sebastes spp.) increased. Southern mesopelagic (e.g., Panama lightfish Vinciguerria lucetia , Mexican lampfish Triphoturus mexicanus ) larvae decreased as expected but were still well above average, while northern mesopelagic (e.g., northern lampfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus ) larvae increased but were still below average. In line with predictions, most monitored bird species had above-average reproduction in Oregon and California. California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) pup count, growth, and weight were high given the abundant Anchovy forage. The CCE entered an enduring La Niña in 2021, and assessing the responses of various ecosystem components helped articulate aspects of the system that are well understood and those that need further study.

Genomic regions associated with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) under field conditions in soybean germplasm accessions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam - David R. Walker; Samuel C. McDonald; Donna K. Harris; H. Roger Boerma; James W. Buck; Edward J. Sikora; David B. Weaver; David L. Wright; James J. Marois; Zenglu Li (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2022)
Key message Eight soybean genomic regions, including six never before reported, were found to be associated with resistance to soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi ) in the southeastern USA. Abstract Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Although seven Rpp resistance gene loci have been reported, extensive pathotype variation in and among fungal populations increases the importance of identifying additional genes and loci associated with rust resistance. One hundred and ninety-one soybean plant introductions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam, and 65 plant introductions from other countries were screened for resistance to P. pachyrhizi under field conditions in the southeastern USA between 2008 and 2015. The results indicated that 84, 69, and 49% of the accessions from southern Japan, Vietnam or central Indonesia, respectively, had negative BLUP values, indicating less disease than the panel mean. A genome-wide association analysis using SoySNP50K Infinium BeadChip data identified eight genomic regions on seven chromosomes associated with SBR resistance, including previously unreported regions of Chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 15, in addition to the locations of the Rpp3 and Rpp6 loci. The six unreported genomic regions might contain novel Rpp loci. The identification of additional sources of rust resistance and associated genomic regions will further efforts to develop soybean cultivars with broad and durable resistance to soybean rust in the southern USA.

Dynamics of mud banks and sandy urban beaches in French Guiana, South America - Morgane Jolivet; Edward J. Anthony; Antoine Gardel; Tanguy Maury; Sylvain Morvan (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)
Beach rotation is a widely described process characterized by periodic alternations in sediment transport involving erosion at one end of the beach and accretion at the other. The 1500-km-long coast of the Guianas, South America, is a unique system dominated by large migrating mud banks, muddy, mangrove-rich shorelines, and rare sandy beaches. Interactions between waves and the rare beaches on this coast are affected by the mud banks which are separated by ‘inter-bank’ areas. Kourou beach is situated near the site of the European Space Agency’s satellite-launching pad in French Guiana. The beach has maintained multi-decadal stability, but its interaction with mud banks has led to phases of severe erosion. To understand these changes, which constitute a risk for the urban front of Kourou, we combined a mesoscale temporal (1950–2017) analysis of shoreline fluctuations with a short-term approach based on photogrammetric monitoring of beach change conducted in 2017–2018 and on bathymetric surveys of the nearshore zone. The results show that Kourou beach evolves in a context of ‘rotation’, a process involving periodic alternations in beach erosion and recovery. Rotation is characterized during inter-bank phases by ‘normal’ sand transport to the northwest generated by the prevailing NE waves, and during mud-bank phases by drift reversal to the southeast generated by refraction of these waves at the leading front of a bank. Due to the aperiodic nature of these bank and inter-bank phases, erosion and accretion involved in beach rotation may prevail over variable periods of time (several years to decades). The large mud banks migrating from east to west first protect the southeastern sector of the beach, blocking the ‘normal’ northwestward longshore sand transport, but generating, through differential refraction, southeastward counter-drift. These processes and the irregular timescale of beach rotation they entail have not been compatible with the recent urbanization of the beach front in the southeastern sector, resulting in erosion and a sense of threat to beachfront property. Insight gained from an understanding of the rotation process and its irregular timescales should contribute to better beach-front management.

Projected climate in coffee-based farming systems: implications for crop suitability in Uganda - Catherine Mulinde; J. G. Mwanjalolo Majaliwa; Revocatus Twinomuhangi; David Mfitumukiza; Daniel Waiswa; Fredrick Tumwine; Edward Kato; Judith Asiimwe; Winfred N. Nakyagaba; David Mukasa (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)

Total Dental Occlusal Area as a Feeding Constraint Feature in Extant Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), and Implications for the Evolution of Molluscivory in Odobenidae - Win N. F. McLaughlin; Caitlyn J. Boatman; Edward B. Davis; Samantha S. B. Hopkins (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2022)

Consistent signatures of urban adaptation in a native, urban invader ant Tapinoma sessile - Alexander J. Blumenfeld; Pierre‐André Eyer; Anjel M. Helms; Grzegorz Buczkowski; Edward L. Vargo (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Biological invasions are becoming more prevalent due to the rise of global trade and expansion of urban areas. Ants are among the most prolific invaders with many exhibiting a multiqueen colony structure, dependent colony foundation and reduced internest aggression. Although these characteristics are generally associated with the invasions of exotic ants, they may also facilitate the spread of native ants into novel habitats. Native to diverse habitats across North America, the odorous house ant Tapinoma sessile has become abundant in urban environments throughout the United States. Natural colonies typically have a small workforce, inhabit a single nest, and are headed by a single queen, whereas urban colonies tend to be several orders of magnitude larger, inhabit multiple nests (i.e., polydomy) and are headed by multiple queens (i.e., polygyny). Here, we explore and compare the population genetic and breeding structure of T . sessile within and between urban and natural environments in several localities across its distribution range. We found the social structure of a colony to be a plastic trait in both habitats, although extreme polygyny was confined to urban habitats. Additionally, polydomous colonies were only present in urban habitats, suggesting T . sessile can only achieve supercoloniality within urbanized areas. Finally, we identified strong differentiation between urban and natural populations in each locality and continent‐wide, indicating cities may restrict gene flow and exert intense selection pressure. Overall, our study highlights urbanization's influence in charting the evolutionary course for species.

Predicting larval alewife transport in Lake Michigan using hydrodynamic and Lagrangian particle dispersion models - Mark D. Rowe; Sara E. Prendergast; Karen M. Alofs; David B. Bunnell; Edward S. Rutherford; Eric J. Anderson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Several species of fish in large lakes and marine environments have a pelagic larval stage, and are subject to variable transport that can ultimately regulate survival and recruitment success. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus , are subject to transport by complex coastal currents during their pelagic larval stage (~ 30 d). We assessed backward‐trajectory simulations, consisting of a Lagrangian particle dispersion model linked to the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model, to estimate likely hatch locations of aged larval alewife collected from locations on both the eastern and western sides of Lake Michigan during July 2015. We used four deployments of three satellite‐tracked drifter buoys in coastal waters to assess model skill in estimating the origin of a drifter from its final location. We found that the trajectories of drifters varied greatly, depending on wind events and associated coastal transport processes, including upwelling/downwelling and coastal jet currents. In 2 of 12 cases, the backward trajectory simulations failed to predict the drifter origin, associated with transport of 170 km in a narrow coastal jet current. In the remaining 10 cases, the known drifter origin was within 3.5 km of the spatial patch of predicted possible origins for a scenario of horizontal diffusivity (188 m 2 s −1 ) consistent with the offshore model grid resolution. Modeled backward trajectories estimated that alewife originated from the same side of the lake where they were collected, within ~ 100 km of the collection site. Our paper demonstrates the utility of hydrodynamic models to estimate a region of origin for aged larval fish.

Three‐dimensional ontogenetic shifts of groundfish in the Northeast Pacific - Lingbo Li; Anne B. Hollowed; Edward D. Cokelet; Michelle M. McClure; Aimee A. Keller; Steve J. Barbeaux; Wayne A. Palsson (Fish and Fisheries, 2022)
It has been more than 100 years since fish were first described to move to deep waters as size increased, termed ‘Heincke's Law’. However, large‐scale studies on ontogenetic shifts are rare compared with increased reports of distributional changes in response to temperature, often confounded with the ontogenetic shifts. We fill this gap by examining the distribution of ten abundant groundfish species in three dimensions, depth, latitude and longitude, at 10‐cm size intervals within nine subregions of NE Pacific. Here, we utilized large, quality‐controlled datasets from random depth‐stratified, bottom trawl surveys consistently conducted during summer along the NE Pacific shelf from 1996 to 2015. Groundfish demonstrated complex ontogenetic movements in three dimensions across species, size class and subregion. In addition to the expected ontogenetic deepening, shoaling also occurred and some species demonstrated major ontogenetic shifts in longitude and/or latitude with limited changes in depth. Based on standardized ontogenetic shifts in three dimensions, our analyses show that there were significant differences in aggregate fish ontogenetic shifts between small (≤30 cm) and large (>30 cm) size groups. Small fish exhibited substantially larger ontogenetic shifts in depth than the large size group while both groups showed relatively small shifts in latitude and longitude. Our analyses strongly suggest that size structure and ontogenetic shifts should be included in the population distribution.

Krill biomass estimation: Sampling and measurement variability - Fiona Bairstow; Sven Gastauer; Simon Wotherspoon; C. Tom A. Brown; So Kawaguchi; Tom Edwards; Martin J. Cox (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Krill are the subject of growing commercial fisheries and therefore fisheries management is necessary to ensure long-term sustainability. Krill catch limits, set by Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, are based on absolute krill biomass, estimated from acoustic-trawl surveys. In this work, we develop a method for determining an error budget for acoustic-trawl surveys of krill which includes sampling and measurement variability. We use our error budget method to examine the sensitivity of biomass estimates to parameters in acoustic target strength (TS) models, length frequency distribution and length to wetmass relationships derived from net data. We determined that the average coefficient of variation ( CV ) of estimated biomass was 17.7% and the average CV due from scaling acoustic observations to biomass density was 5.3%. We found that a large proportion of the variability of biomass estimates is due to the krill orientation distribution, a parameter in the TS model. Orientation distributions with narrow standard deviations were found to emphasise the results of nulls in the TS to length relationship, which has to potential to lead to biologically implausible results.

Shifts in root dynamics along a hillslope in a mixed, mesic temperate forest - Edward J. Primka; Thomas S. Adams; Alexandra S. Buck; David M. Eissenstat (Plant and Soil, 2022)

Seismic site characterization with shear wave (SH) reflection and refraction methods - James A. Hunter; Heather L. Crow; William J. Stephenson; André J.-M. Pugin; Robert A. Williams; James B. Harris; Jack K. Odum; Edward W. Woolery (Journal of Seismology, 2022)
Reflection and critically refracted seismic methods use traveltime measurements of body waves propagating between a source and a series of receivers on the ground surface to calculate subsurface velocities. Body wave energy is refracted or reflected at boundaries where there is a change in seismic impedance, defined as the product of material density and seismic velocity. This article provides practical guidance on the use of horizontally propagating shear wave (SH-wave) refraction and reflection methods to determine shear wave velocity as a function of depth for near-surface seismic site characterizations. Method principles and the current state of engineering practice are reviewed, along with discussions of limitations and uncertainty assessments. Typical data collection procedures are described using basic survey equipment, along with information on more advanced applications and emerging technologies. Eight case studies provide examples of the techniques in real-world seismic site characterizations performed in a variety of geological settings.

Growth and survival rates of dispersing free embryos and settled larvae of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Missouri River, Montana and North Dakota - Patrick J. Braaten; Robert J. Holm; Jeffrey Powell; Edward J. Heist; Amy C. Buhman; Colt T. Holley; Aaron J. DeLonay; Tyler M. Haddix; Ryan H. Wilson; Robert B. Jacobson (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2022)
We released nearly 1.0 million 1-day post-hatch (dph) and 5-dph pallid sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchus albus ) free embryos in the Missouri River on 1 July 2019 and sequentially captured survivors at multiple sites through a 240-km river reach to quantify daily growth and survival rates during the early life stages. Genetic analysis was used to assign captured fish to released family lots and known ages. Growth rate was similar (0.74–0.75 mm day −1 ) between the 1- and 5-dph age groups during the 3–4-day dispersal period when water temperature averaged 16.8 °C. Daily survival rate was 0.64 during 1–4 dph for the original 1-dph age group and 0.80 during 5–7 dph for the original 5-dph age group. Total survival during free embryo dispersal (hatch to 9 dph) was estimated as 0.0437. The transition from dispersing as free embryos to settling as benthic larvae was verified for fish originally released as 5 dph. Growth of settled larvae was quantified with a Gompertz model through 75 dph (9 September; 112 mm) when water temperature was 18.8–21.0 °C in the rearing areas. Settled larvae had an estimated daily survival rate of 0.96, and estimated total survival during 9–75 dph was 0.0714. This study provides the first empirical survival estimates for pallid sturgeon early life stages in natural settings and is one of few studies reporting similar information for other sturgeon species. Applications of this work extend to pallid sturgeon restoration programs where population models are being developed to predict recruitment potential and population responses to river management alternatives.

Benthic assemblages are more predictable than fish assemblages at an island scale - Stuart A. Sandin; Esmeralda Alcantar; Randy Clark; Ramón de León; Faisal Dilrosun; Clinton B. Edwards; Andrew J. Estep; Yoan Eynaud; Beverly J. French; Michael D. Fox; Dave Grenda; Scott L. Hamilton; et al. (Coral Reefs, 2022)
Decades of research have revealed relationships between the abundance of coral reef taxa and local conditions, especially at small scales. However, a rigorous test of covariation requires a robust dataset collected across wide environmental or experimental gradients. Here, we surveyed spatial variability in the densities of major coral reef functional groups at 122 sites along a 70 km expanse of the leeward, forereef habitat of Curaçao in the southern Caribbean. These data were used to test the degree to which spatial variability in community composition could be predicted based on assumed functional relationships and site-specific anthropogenic, physical, and ecological conditions. In general, models revealed less power to describe the spatial variability of fish biomass than cover of reef builders (R 2 of best-fit models: 0.25 [fish] and 0.64 [reef builders]). The variability in total benthic cover of reef builders was best described by physical (wave exposure and reef relief) and ecological (turf algal height and coral recruit density) predictors. No metric of anthropogenic pressure was related to spatial variation in reef builder cover. In contrast, total fish biomass showed a consistent (albeit weak) association with anthropogenic predictors (fishing and diving pressure). As is typical of most environmental gradients, the spatial patterns of both fish biomass density and reef builder cover were spatially autocorrelated. Residuals from the best-fit model for fish biomass retained a signature of spatial autocorrelation while the best-fit model for reef builder cover removed spatial autocorrelation, thus reinforcing our finding that environmental predictors were better able to describe the spatial variability of reef builders than that of fish biomass. As we seek to understand spatial variability of coral reef communities at the scale of most management units (i.e., at kilometer- to island-scales), distinct and scale-dependent perspectives will be needed when considering different functional groups.

Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: Isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits - Kyle E. Jaynes; Edward A. Myers; Václav Gvoždík; David C. Blackburn; Daniel M. Portik; Eli Greenbaum; Gregory F. M. Jongsma; Mark‐Oliver Rödel; Gabriel Badjedjea; Abraham Bamba‐Kaya; Ninda L. Baptista; Jeannot B. Akuboy; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Secondary sympatry amongst sister lineages is strongly associated with genetic and ecological divergence. This pattern suggests that for closely related species to coexist in secondary sympatry, they must accumulate differences in traits that mediate ecological and/or reproductive isolation. Here, we characterized inter‐ and intraspecific divergence in three giant tree frog species whose distributions stretch across West and Central Africa. Using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data, we demonstrated that species‐level divergence coincides temporally and geographically with a period of large‐scale forest fragmentation during the late Pliocene. Our environmental niche models further supported a dynamic history of climatic suitability and stability, and indicated that all three species occupy distinct environmental niches. We found modest morphological differentiation amongst the species with significant divergence in tympanum diameter and male advertisement call. In addition, we confirmed that two species occur in secondary sympatry in Central Africa but found no evidence of hybridization. These patterns support the hypothesis that cycles of genetic exchange and isolation across West and Central Africa have contributed to globally significant biodiversity. Furthermore, divergence in both ecology and reproductive traits appear to have played important roles in maintaining distinct lineages. At the intraspecific level, we found that climatic refugia, precipitation gradients, marine incursions, and potentially riverine barriers generated phylogeographic structure throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Further studies examining phenotypic divergence and secondary contact amongst these geographically structured populations may demonstrate how smaller scale and more recent biogeographic barriers contribute to regional diversification.

A melting cryosphere constrains fish growth by synchronizing the seasonal phenology of river food webs - J. Ryan Bellmore; Jason B. Fellman; Eran Hood; Matthew R. Dunkle; Richard T. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Mountain watersheds often contain a mosaic of glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams that have distinct hydrologic, temperature, and biogeochemical regimes. However, as glaciers diminish and precipitation shifts from snow to rain, the physical and chemical characteristics that make glacial or snowmelt streams distinct from rain‐fed streams will fade. Among the unforeseen consequences of this hydrologic homogenization could be the loss of unique food webs that sustain aquatic consumers. To explore the impacts of a melting cryosphere on stream food webs, we parameterized an aquatic food web model with empirical physicochemical data from glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams in southeast Alaska and used the model to simulate the seasonal biomass dynamics of aquatic primary producers and consumers and the growth of juvenile salmon. Model results suggest that glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams exhibit seasonal asynchronies in the timing of biofilm and aquatic invertebrate abundance. Although warmer rain‐fed streams were more productive during the summer (June through September), colder glacial and snowmelt streams provided enhanced foraging and growth opportunities throughout the remainder of the year. For juvenile salmon that can track peaks in resource abundance within river networks, the loss of meltwater streams strongly constrained modeled growth opportunities by removing spatially and temporally distinct foraging habitats within a watershed. These findings suggest that climate change induced homogenization of high latitude river networks may result in the loss of unique food web dynamics, which could diminish the capacity of watersheds to sustain mobile consumers.

Microsatellite markers for 24 loci developed for genotyping eastern woodrats, Neotoma floridana - Tiffanie B. Atherton; Edward J. Heist; Clayton K. Nielsen (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2022)

A stable isotope record of late Quaternary hydrologic change in the northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska (eastern Beringia) - Amanda L. King; Lesleigh Anderson; Mark Abbott; Mary Edwards; Matthew S. Finkenbinder; Bruce Finney; Matthew J. Wooller (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2022)
A submillennial‐resolution record of lake water oxygen isotope composition (δ 18 O) from chironomid head capsules is presented from Burial Lake, northwest Alaska. The record spans the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20–16k cal a bp ) to the present and shows a series of large lake δ 18 O shifts (~5‰). Relatively low δ 18 O values occurred during a period covering the LGM, when the lake was a shallow, closed‐basin pond. Higher values characterize deglaciation (~16–11.5k cal a bp ) when the lake was still closed but lake levels were higher. A rapid decline between ~11 and 10.5k cal a bp indicates that lake levels rose to overflowing. Lake δ 18 O values are interpreted to reflect the combined effects of changes in lake hydrology, growing season temperature and meteoric source water as well as large‐scale environmental changes impacting this site, including opening of the Bering Strait and shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns related to ice‐sheet dynamics. The results indicate significant shifts in precipitation minus evaporation across the late Pleistocene to early Holocene transition, which are consistent with temporal patterns of vegetation change and paludification. This study provides new perspectives on the paleohydrology of eastern Beringia concomitant with human migration and major turnover in megafaunal assemblages.

Sustainable development outcomes of livelihood diversification in small‐scale fisheries - Matthew B. Roscher; Edward H. Allison; David J. Mills; Hampus Eriksson; Denis Hellebrandt; Neil L. Andrew (Fish and Fisheries, 2022)
Livelihood diversification is increasingly central to policy advice and investments in rural development and fisheries management. For small‐scale fishing communities in low‐ to middle‐income countries, more diverse livelihoods are generally hypothesized to reduce fishing pressure and vulnerabilities to external shocks and adverse trends while enabling people to construct routes out of poverty. Yet, evidence of impacts from livelihood diversification in small‐scale fisheries remains sparse. Our examination of the peer‐reviewed literature found substantial differences in how livelihood diversification is pursued, and in the realized outcomes from the process of diversification. Studies describing diversified livelihoods were almost as likely to report that livelihoods were not improved or that outcomes were mixed (54% combined) as they were to report improved livelihood outcomes (45%). Furthermore, one of the main theoretical drivers behind the support for diversified livelihoods—ecological conservation benefits—was unexplored in over 70% of studies. Of the minority of studies that did explore ecological outcomes, most reported that ecological conditions had not improved. These findings indicate conceptual ambiguity around livelihood diversification and a lack of empirical evidence supporting its theoretical underpinnings. There remain important questions about the impacts of diversification on multidimensional poverty and ecological conservation. Future research on and investment in diversification should be both more deliberate of what diversification means and more rigorous in the evaluation of its impacts.

A remote sensing-based classification approach for river mouths of the Amazon-influenced Guianas coast - Antoine Gardel; Edward J. Anthony; Valdenira F. Santos; Nicolas Huybrechts; Sandric Lesourd; Aldo Sottolichio; Tanguy Maury (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)
The mouths of the rivers on the 1500-km-long Guianas coast, South America, are strongly influenced by large mud banks migrating alongshore from the Amazon River. To probe this influence, a river-mouth morphological classification scheme was carried out from satellite images, complemented by data from rare previous studies of estuarine hydrodynamics. The classification highlights a variety of morphological and dynamic river-mouth types that are further influenced by both fluvial water discharge and fluvial catchment rock type. Three basic types are identified: (1) river mouths diverted westward by capes and spits built from multi-decadal to multi-millennial accumulation of mud supplied by the Amazon; among these, mouths close to the Amazon are fixed by bedrock surrounded by mud; (2) small river mouths in French Guiana fixed by outcrops of Precambrian rocks that form headlands devoid of Amazon mud; and (3) large river mouths characterized by high water discharge that imparts an orientation normal to the coast; the largest two belonging to this type (the Essequibo in Guyana and the Maroni on the border between French Guiana and Suriname) exhibit infilled mouths that are transitioning towards deltas. These river mouths show a tropical seasonal estuarine circulation regime strongly influenced by Amazon mud. The influence of mud from the distant Amazon constitutes a unique aspect of the river mouths on the Guianas coast. Field and modelling studies in the future will be needed in order to achieve better characterization of the influence of Amazon mud on the estuarine circulation systems and of the distribution of sediment types within these river mouths, including sand supplied by the rivers.

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people - Johannes Tobias Neumann; Le T. P. Thao; Anne M. Murray; Emily Callander; Prudence R. Carr; Mark R. Nelson; Rory Wolfe; Robyn L. Woods; Christopher M. Reid; Raj C. Shah; Anne B. Newman; Jeff D. Williamson; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disability-free survival outcome was defined as absence of dementia, persistent disability or death. Selection of potential predictors from amongst 25 biomedical, psychosocial and lifestyle variables including recognized geriatric risk factors, utilizing a machine-learning approach. Separate models were developed for men and women. The selected predictors were evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and validated internally by bootstrapping. We included 19,114 Australian and US participants aged ≥65 years (median 74 years, IQR 71.6–77.7). Common predictors of a worse prognosis in both sexes included higher age, lower Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, lower gait speed, lower grip strength and abnormal (low or elevated) body mass index. Additional risk factors for men included current smoking, and abnormal eGFR. In women, diabetes and depression were additional predictors. The biased-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the final prognostic models at 5 years were 0.72 for men and 0.75 for women. Final models showed good calibration between the observed and predicted risks. We developed a prediction model in which age, cognitive function and gait speed were the strongest predictors of disability-free survival in healthy older people. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583)

Hormesis is an evolutionary expectation: implications for aging - Edward J. Calabrese; Evgenios Agathokleous (Biogerontology, 2022)

The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database ( NAFMFD ): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States and Mexico - Emily M. Dean; Arthur R. Cooper; Lizhu Wang; Wesley Daniel; Solomon David; Clayton Ernzen; Keith B. Gido; Edward Hale; Tim J. Haxton; William Kelso; Nancy Leonard; Chris Lido; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Migratory freshwater fishes are those that must access discrete habitats to complete their life cycles. Freshwater fish migrations occur around the world and provide numerous ecosystem services for humans and natural systems; however, many migratory species are in decline globally. A limiting factor to successfully conserve freshwater migratory fishes is that the migratory life histories of many species are unknown or only partially described. To provide researchers with critical and comprehensive information to conserve migratory fishes, we developed the North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD). Location Canada, Mexico and the United States. Taxon Freshwater fish. Methods To develop this database, we assigned migratory status, pattern and behaviour to a comprehensive list of freshwater fish species found throughout North America. We assembled the database which included assignments (i.e. migratory status, pattern and behaviour) as well as the sources used to make the assignments. Researchers and managers from across North America reviewed the database for completeness and accuracy on the migratory life histories of fishes. Results The database synthesizes current knowledge of migratory status, pattern and behaviour of native and non‐native freshwater fishes throughout North America, including 1250 species representing 79 families and 325 genera. Results showcase the diversity of migratory life histories of freshwater fishes on the continent, including that at least 25% of North American freshwater fishes are migratory, 23% are non‐migratory and 44% have undetermined migratory status. Main conclusions NAFMFD improves the quality of migratory data accessible to researchers, which supports a more holistic understanding of the threats encountered by migratory fishes, including habitat fragmentation. The approach we used in developing NAFMFD can provide guidance for developing similar databases in other regions. Collectively, our work offers new insights into the range of freshwater fish migratory life histories, stimulating a need to better understand this diversity globally.

Wildfire, Smoke Exposure, Human Health, and Environmental Justice Need to be Integrated into Forest Restoration and Management - Savannah M. D’Evelyn; Jihoon Jung; Ernesto Alvarado; Jill Baumgartner; Pete Caligiuri; R. Keala Hagmann; Sarah B. Henderson; Paul F. Hessburg; Sean Hopkins; Edward J. Kasner; Meg A. Krawchuk; Jennifer E. Krenz; et al. (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2022)
Purpose of Review Increasing wildfire size and severity across the western United States has created an environmental and social crisis that must be approached from a transdisciplinary perspective. Climate change and more than a century of fire exclusion and wildfire suppression have led to contemporary wildfires with more severe environmental impacts and human smoke exposure. Wildfires increase smoke exposure for broad swaths of the US population, though outdoor workers and socially disadvantaged groups with limited adaptive capacity can be disproportionally exposed. Exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with a range of health impacts in children and adults, including exacerbation of existing respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, worse birth outcomes, and cardiovascular events. Seasonally dry forests in Washington, Oregon, and California can benefit from ecological restoration as a way to adapt forests to climate change and reduce smoke impacts on affected communities. Recent Findings Each wildfire season, large smoke events, and their adverse impacts on human health receive considerable attention from both the public and policymakers. The severity of recent wildfire seasons has state and federal governments outlining budgets and prioritizing policies to combat the worsening crisis. This surging attention provides an opportunity to outline the actions needed now to advance research and practice on conservation, economic, environmental justice, and public health interests, as well as the trade-offs that must be considered. Summary Scientists, planners, foresters and fire managers, fire safety, air quality, and public health practitioners must collaboratively work together. This article is the result of a series of transdisciplinary conversations to find common ground and subsequently provide a holistic view of how forest and fire management intersect with human health through the impacts of smoke and articulate the need for an integrated approach to both planning and practice.

Estimated life-history traits and movements of the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi) in The Bahamas based on tag-recapture data - Brendan S. Talwar; Darcy Bradley; Christopher Berry; Mark E. Bond; Ian A. Bouyoucos; Annabelle M. L. Brooks; Candace Y. A. Fields; Austin J. Gallagher; Tristan L. Guttridge; Annie E. Guttridge; Neil Hammerschlag; Ian Hamilton; et al. (Marine Biology, 2022)

Transport Processes in the Gulf of Mexico Along the River-Estuary-Shelf-Ocean Continuum: a Review of Research from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative - Dubravko Justić; Villy Kourafalou; Giulio Mariotti; Songjie He; Robert Weisberg; Yannis Androulidakis; Christopher Barker; Annalisa Bracco; Brian Dzwonkowski; Chuanmin Hu; Haosheng Huang; Gregg Jacobs; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2022)
Estuarine and coastal geomorphology, biogeochemistry, water quality, and coastal food webs in river-dominated shelves of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are modulated by transport processes associated with river inputs, winds, waves, tides, and deep-ocean/continental shelf interactions. For instance, transport processes control the fate of river-borne sediments, which in turn affect coastal land loss. Similarly, transport of freshwater, nutrients, and carbon control the dynamics of eutrophication, hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, and coastal acidification. Further, freshwater inflow transports pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and oil into receiving estuaries and coastal systems. Lastly, transport processes along the continuum from the rivers and estuaries to coastal and shelf areas and adjacent open ocean (abbreviated herein as “river-estuary-shelf-ocean”) regulate the movements of organisms, including the spatial distributions of individuals and the exchange of genetic information between distinct subpopulations. The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) provided unprecedented opportunities to study transport processes along the river-estuary-shelf-ocean continuum in the GoM. The understanding of transport at multiple spatial and temporal scales in this topographically and dynamically complex marginal sea was improved, allowing for more accurate forecasting of the fate of oil and other constituents. For this review, we focus on five specific transport themes: (i) wetland, estuary, and shelf exchanges; (ii) river-estuary coupling; (iii) nearshore and inlet processes; (iv) open ocean transport processes; and (v) river-induced fronts and cross-basin transport. We then discuss the relevancy of GoMRI findings on the transport processes for ecological connectivity and oil transport and fate. We also examine the implications of new findings for informing the response to future oil spills, and the management of coastal resources and ecosystems. Lastly, we summarize the research gaps identified in the many studies and offer recommendations for continuing the momentum of the research provided by the GoMRI effort. A number of uncertainties were identified that occurred in multiple settings. These include the quantification of sediment, carbon, dissolved gasses and nutrient fluxes during storms, consistent specification of the various external forcings used in analyses, methods for smooth integration of multiscale advection mechanisms across different flow regimes, dynamic coupling of the atmosphere with sub-mesoscale and mesoscale phenomena, and methods for simulating finer-scale dynamics over long time periods. Addressing these uncertainties would allow the scientific community to be better prepared to predict the fate of hydrocarbons and their impacts to the coastal ocean, rivers, and marshes in the event of another spill in the GoM.

Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer - Kaitlin H. Wade; James Yarmolinsky; Edward Giovannucci; Sarah J. Lewis; Iona Y. Millwood; Marcus R. Munafò; Fleur Meddens; Kimberley Burrows; Joshua A. Bell; Neil M. Davies; Daniela Mariosa; Noora Kanerva; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)
Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid changes in cancer incidence over time, it is crucial to establish which of the observational associations reflect causality and to identify novel risk factors as these may be modified to prevent the onset of cancer and reduce its progression. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses the special properties of germline genetic variation to strengthen causal inference regarding potentially modifiable exposures and disease risk. MR can be implemented through instrumental variable (IV) analysis and, when robustly performed, is generally less prone to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error than conventional observational methods and has different sources of bias (discussed in detail below). It is increasingly used to facilitate causal inference in epidemiology and provides an opportunity to explore the effects of nutritional exposures on cancer incidence and progression in a cost-effective and timely manner. Here, we introduce the concept of MR and discuss its current application in understanding the impact of nutritional factors (e.g., any measure of diet and nutritional intake, circulating biomarkers, patterns, preference or behaviour) on cancer aetiology and, thus, opportunities for MR to contribute to the development of nutritional recommendations and policies for cancer prevention. We provide applied examples of MR studies examining the role of nutritional factors in cancer to illustrate how this method can be used to help prioritise or deprioritise the evaluation of specific nutritional factors as intervention targets in randomised controlled trials. We describe possible biases when using MR, and methodological developments aimed at investigating and potentially overcoming these biases when present. Lastly, we consider the use of MR in identifying causally relevant nutritional risk factors for various cancers in different regions across the world, given notable geographical differences in some cancers. We also discuss how MR results could be translated into further research and policy. We conclude that findings from MR studies, which corroborate those from other well-conducted studies with different and orthogonal biases, are poised to substantially improve our understanding of nutritional influences on cancer. For such corroboration, there is a requirement for an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to investigate risk factors for cancer incidence and progression.

Behavioural Responses of a Large, Benthic Elasmobranch to Catch-and-Release Angling - Edward Lavender; Dmitry Aleynik; Jane Dodd; Janine Illian; Mark James; Peter J. Wright; Sophie Smout; James Thorburn (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Catch-and-release angling is widespread, but the impacts of this practice for captured individuals are understudied, especially among elasmobranchs. Studies on sub-lethal behavioural impacts are particularly sparse, despite their importance for the interpretation of biologging data and for assessments of species’ tolerance to capture. In this study, the behavioural responses of flapper skate ( Dipturus intermedius ) to catch-and-release angling were described for the first time, using archival observations (depth and temperature) for 21 tag deployment/retrieval events and five recreational angling events that occurred during tagged individuals’ time at liberty from charter vessels off the west coast of Scotland in 2016–17. During capture (8–50 minutes), the changes in depth and temperature experienced by individuals typically exceeded natural variability. Post-release, behavioural change was apparent from visual inspection, regression and functional data analysis of the time series. Immediately following release, movements into deeper water and short periods of low vertical activity (usually 1–2 hours in duration) were common. However, overall average vertical activity was typically around 38% higher in the 12 hours following release than in undisturbed activity. A small number of individuals (n = 3, 14%) exhibited irregular post-release behaviour in the form of rapid, transient re-ascents towards the surface following release. Collectively, the evidence for limited, short-term behavioural changes suggests that flapper skate behaviour is relatively resilient to catch-and-release angling from charter vessels, but irregular post-release behaviour in 14% of individuals is sufficiently notable to indicate that further research is required on the impacts of this practice. This study clearly demonstrates the value of biologging data and behavioural analyses for examining the impacts of disturbance and separating ‘disturbed’ and ‘undisturbed’ behaviours in studies of animal movement.

Using structured decision making to guide habitat restoration for butterflies: a case study of Oregon silverspots - Cassandra F. Doll; Sarah J. Converse; Collin B. Edwards; Cheryl B. Schultz (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2022)

Enhancing health span: muscle stem cells and hormesis - Edward J. Calabrese; Vittorio Calabrese (Biogerontology, 2022)

‘The most remarkable man’: James Croll, Quaternary scientist - Kevin J. Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2022)
The year 2021 marked the bicentenary of the birth of James Croll (1821–1890), the self‐educated son of a crofter‐stonemason, whose life was characterised by a dizzying range of occupations and homes, poor health and financial concerns, and yet he became a pioneer of orbital dynamics and ice age climate change with an impressive record of publication. Drawing upon archival information and recently published observations, this paper explores selected aspects of Croll's biography, his scientific connections and controversies, and that area of his life relevant to Quaternary science. He was a 19th century polymath whose multifaceted contributions have been a catalyst for subsequent systems‐based climate science on the grand scale, including the foundations for the seminal work of Milutin Milankovitch on the rhythms of Quaternary environmental change.

Importance of equitable cost sharing in the Convention on Biological Diversity's protected area agenda - Keila Stark; Vanessa Adams; Christopher J. Brown; Alienor Chauvenet; Katrina Davis; Edward T. Game; Benjamin S. Halpern; John Lynham; Bonnie Mappin; Kim Selkoe; James E. M. Watson; Hugh P. Possingham; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)

Myocardial work and left ventricular mechanical adaptations following isometric exercise training in hypertensive patients - Jamie M. O’Driscoll; Jamie J. Edwards; Jonathan D. Wiles; Katrina A. Taylor; Paul Leeson; Rajan Sharma (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)

Corrigendum: State of the California Current 2019–2020: Back to the Future With Marine Heatwaves? - Edward D. Weber; Toby D. Auth; Simone Baumann-Pickering; Timothy R. Baumgartner; Eric P. Bjorkstedt; Steven J. Bograd; Brian J. Burke; José L. Cadena-Ramírez; Elizabeth A. Daly; Martin de la Cruz; Heidi Dewar; John C. Field; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)

Litter decomposition and infiltration capacities in soils of different tropical urban land covers - Tze Kwan Fung; Daniel R. Richards; Rachel A. T. Leong; Subhadip Ghosh; Christabel W. J. Tan; Zuzana Drillet; Kit Ling Leong; Peter J. Edwards (Urban Ecosystems, 2022)

Design and discovery of a high affinity, selective and β-arrestin biased 5-HT7 receptor agonist - Edem K. Onyameh; Edward Ofori; Barbara A. Bricker; Uma M. Gonela; Suresh V. K. Eyunni; Hye J. Kang; Chandrashekar Voshavar; Seth Y. Ablordeppey (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2022)

Persistently elevated complement alternative pathway biomarkers in COVID-19 correlate with hypoxemia and predict in-hospital mortality - Alexander Leatherdale; Sophie Stukas; Victor Lei; Henry E. West; Christopher J. Campbell; Ryan L. Hoiland; Jennifer Cooper; Cheryl L. Wellington; Mypinder S. Sekhon; Edward L. G. Pryzdial; Edward M. Conway (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2022)

Stem Region of tRNA Genes Favors Transition Substitution Towards Keto Bases in Bacteria - Piyali Sen; Ruksana Aziz; Ramesh C. Deka; Edward J. Feil; Suvendra Kumar Ray; Siddhartha Sankar Satapathy (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2022)

Observation of Aerosol Generation by Human Subjects During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Using a High-Powered Laser Technique: A Pilot Project - Christopher M. Varga; Keith J. Kwiatkowski; Michael J. Pedro; Herman Groepenhoff; Edward A. Rose; Callum Gray; Kai D. Pinkerton; Michael G. McBride; Stephen M. Paridon (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2022)

Left ventricular mechanical, cardiac autonomic and metabolic responses to a single session of high intensity interval training - Jamie J. Edwards; Jonathan D. Wiles; Noemi Vadaszy; Katrina A. Taylor; Jamie M. O’Driscoll (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)

Alcohol intake and risk of pituitary adenoma - David J. Cote; Timothy R. Smith; Ursula B. Kaiser; Edward R. Laws; Meir J. Stampfer (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Sea-Level Rise: From Global Perspectives to Local Services - Gaël Durand; Michiel R. van den Broeke; Goneri Le Cozannet; Tamsin L. Edwards; Paul R. Holland; Nicolas C. Jourdain; Ben Marzeion; Ruth Mottram; Robert J. Nicholls; Frank Pattyn; Frank Paul; Aimée B. A. Slangen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Coastal areas are highly diverse, ecologically rich, regions of key socio-economic activity, and are particularly sensitive to sea-level change. Over most of the 20th century, global mean sea level has risen mainly due to warming and subsequent expansion of the upper ocean layers as well as the melting of glaciers and ice caps. Over the last three decades, increased mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has also started to contribute significantly to contemporary sea-level rise. The future mass loss of the two ice sheets, which combined represent a sea-level rise potential of ∼65 m, constitutes the main source of uncertainty in long-term (centennial to millennial) sea-level rise projections. Improved knowledge of the magnitude and rate of future sea-level change is therefore of utmost importance. Moreover, sea level does not change uniformly across the globe and can differ greatly at both regional and local scales. The most appropriate and feasible sea level mitigation and adaptation measures in coastal regions strongly depend on local land use and associated risk aversion. Here, we advocate that addressing the problem of future sea-level rise and its impacts requires (i) bringing together a transdisciplinary scientific community, from climate and cryospheric scientists to coastal impact specialists, and (ii) interacting closely and iteratively with users and local stakeholders to co-design and co-build coastal climate services, including addressing the high-end risks.

Quantifying Mesophotic Fish Assemblages of Hawai‘i’s Au‘au Channel: Associations With Benthic Habitats and Depth - Raymond C. Boland; K. David Hyrenbach; Edward E. DeMartini; Frank A. Parrish; John J. Rooney (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Mesophotic reefs (30–150 m) occur in the tropics and subtropics at depths beyond most scientific diving, thereby making conventional surveys challenging. Towed cameras, submersibles, and mixed-gas divers were used to survey the mesophotic reef fish assemblages and benthic substrates of the Au‘au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lāna‘i. Non-parametric multivariate analysis: Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) were used to determine the association of mesophotic reef fish species with benthic substrates and depth. Between 53 and 115-m depths, 82 species and 10 genera of fish were observed together with 10 types of benthic substrate. Eight species of fish ( Apolemichthys arcuatus , Centropyge potteri, Chaetodon kleinii, Chromis leucura, Chromis verater, Forcipiger sp., Naso hexacanthus , and Parupeneus multifasciatus ) were positively associated with increasing depth, Leptoseris sp. coral cover, and hard-bottom cover, and one species ( Oxycheilinus bimaculatus ) of fish was positively associated with increasing Halimeda sp. algae cover. Fish assemblages associated with rubble were not significantly different from those associated with sand, Montipora coral beds and Leptoseris coral beds, but were distinct from fish assemblages associated with hard bottom. The patterns in the data suggested two depth assemblages, one “upper mesophotic” between 53 and 95 m and the other deeper, possibly part of a “lower mesophotic” assemblage between 96 and 115 m at the edge of the rariphotic and bottomfish complex.

Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severity - Chiara Fallerini; Nicola Picchiotti; Margherita Baldassarri; Kristina Zguro; Sergio Daga; Francesca Fava; Elisa Benetti; Sara Amitrano; Mirella Bruttini; Maria Palmieri; Susanna Croci; Mirjam Lista; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the presence of variants in each gene. An ensemble of LASSO logistic regression models was used to identify the most informative Boolean features with respect to the genetic bases of severity. The Boolean features selected by these logistic models were combined into an Integrated PolyGenic Score that offers a synthetic and interpretable index for describing the contribution of host genetics in COVID-19 severity, as demonstrated through testing in several independent cohorts. Selected features belong to ultra-rare, rare, low-frequency, and common variants, including those in linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS loci. Noteworthily, around one quarter of the selected genes are sex-specific. Pathway analysis of the selected genes associated with COVID-19 severity reflected the multi-organ nature of the disease. The proposed model might provide useful information for developing diagnostics and therapeutics, while also being able to guide bedside disease management.

Impact of diabetes and modifiable risk factors on pancreatic cancer survival in a population-based study after adjusting for clinical factors - Mei-Chin Hsieh; Lu Zhang; Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez; Yong Yi; Lisa A. Pareti; Edward J. Trapido; Vivien W. Chen; Xiao-Cheng Wu (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Contrasting climate velocity impacts in warm and cool locations show that effects of marine warming are worse in already warmer temperate waters - Philina A. English; Eric J. Ward; Christopher N. Rooper; Robyn E. Forrest; Luke A. Rogers; Karen L. Hunter; Andrew M. Edwards; Brendan M. Connors; Sean C. Anderson (Fish and Fisheries, 2022)
Species responses to climate change are often measured at broad spatiotemporal scales, which can miss the fine‐scale changes that are most relevant to conservation and fisheries management. We develop a scaleable geostatistical approach to assess how juvenile and adult fish distributions have been shaped by changes in bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen over a recent decade of warming in the northeast Pacific. Across 38 demersal fishes, biomass trends were associated negatively with warming and positively with dissolved oxygen, but when trends in both biomass and climate were converted to velocities—the speed and direction a population would have to move to maintain consistent conditions—the effect of temperature change differed depending on local conditions. In the warmest locations, warming velocities were associated with negative biotic velocities for 19 of 69 species‐maturity combinations, and yet were almost always associated with stable or positive biotic velocities in the coolest locations (64 of 69). These spatially consistent biomass declines (negative biotic velocities) in the warmest locations and increases in cooler locations suggest a redistribution of species with the potential for new ecological and fisheries interactions. After controlling for temperature, the more spatially consistent effects of dissolved oxygen were often negative, suggesting a mechanism other than hypoxia avoidance—potentially changes in primary production. Our approach identifies the species and locations that are most sensitive to observed changes in the environment at any scale, thus facilitating future vulnerability assessments.

Metabolism of key atmospheric volatile organic compounds by the marine heterotrophic bacterium Pelagibacter HTCC1062 ( SAR11 ) - Eric R. Moore; Alec J. Weaver; Edward W. Davis; Stephen J. Giovannoni; Kimberly H. Halsey (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Summary Plants and phytoplankton are natural sources of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acetone and isoprene, which are reactive and can alter atmospheric chemistry. In earlier research we reported that, when co‐cultured with a diatom, the marine bacterium Pelagibacter (strain HTCC1062; ‘SAR11 clade’) reduced the concentration of compounds tentatively identified as acetone and isoprene. In this study, experiments with Pelagibacter monocultures confirmed that these cells are capable of metabolizing acetone and isoprene at rates similar to bacterial communities in seawater and high enough to consume substantial fractions of the total marine acetone and isoprene budgets if extrapolated to global SAR11 populations. Homologues of an acetone/cyclohexanone monooxygenase were identified in the HTCC1062 genome and in the genomes of a wide variety of other abundant marine taxa, and were expressed at substantial levels ( c . 10 −4 of transcripts) across TARA oceans metatranscriptomes from ocean surface samples. The HTCC1062 genome lacks the canonical isoprene degradation pathway, suggesting an unknown alternative biochemical pathway is used by these cells for isoprene uptake. Fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of bacterial isoprenoid biosynthesis, blocked HTCC1062 growth, but the cells were rescued when isoprene was added to the culture, indicating SAR11 cells may be capable of synthesizing isoprenoid compounds from exogenous isoprene.

Impact of the source of fermentable carbohydrate on SCFA production by human gut microbiota in vitro - a systematic scoping review and secondary analysis - Hannah C. Harris; Douglas J. Morrison; Christine A. Edwards (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2021)

Effects of oil palm and human presence on activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in the Colombian Llanos - Lain E. Pardo; William Edwards; Mason J. Campbell; Bibiana Gómez-Valencia; Gopalasamy Reuben Clements; William F. Laurance (Mammalian Biology, 2021)
The ability of animals to adjust their behaviour can influence how they respond to environmental changes and human presence. We quantified activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in oil palm plantations and native riparian forest in Colombia to determine if species exhibited behavioural changes depending on the type of habitat and the presence of humans. Despite the large sampling effort (12,403 camera-days), we were only able to examine the activity patterns of ten species in riparian forests and seven species in oil palm plantations, with four species (capybara, giant anteater, lesser anteater and common opossum) being represented by enough records (i.e. n > 20) in both oil palm and forest to allow robust comparisons. Only capybaras showed an apparent change in activity patterns between oil palm plantations and riparian forests, shifting from being crepuscular in forest to predominantly nocturnal inside oil palm plantations. Further, capybaras, giant anteaters and white-tailed deer appeared to modify their activities to avoid human presence inside oil palm plantations by increasing nocturnality (temporal overlap $$\widehat{\Delta }$$ Δ ^ ranged from 0.13 to 0.36), whereas jaguarundi had high overlap with human activities [ $$\widehat{\Delta }$$ Δ ^ =0.85 (0.61–0.90)]. Species pair-wise analysis within oil palm revealed evidence for temporal segregation between species occupying the same trophic position (e.g. foxes and jaguarundi), whereas some predators and their prey (e.g. ocelots and armadillos) had high overlaps in temporal activity patterns as might be expected. Our findings shed light on the potential behavioural adaptation of mammals to anthropogenic landscapes, a feature not captured in traditional studies that focus on measures such as species richness or abundance.

The impacts of climate change and post bleaching effects on the octocoral communities of Gulf of Mannar, India - Mahalakshmi Boopathi; P Dinesh Kumar; J K Patterson Edward (Journal of Earth System Science, 2021)

How to report the antinuclear antibodies (anti-cell antibodies) test on HEp-2 cells: guidelines from the ICAP initiative - Carlos Alberto von Mühlen; Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre; Maria Infantino; Jan Damoiseaux; Luis E. C. Andrade; Orlando Gabriel Carballo; Karsten Conrad; Paulo Luiz Carvalho Francescantonio; Marvin J. Fritzler; Manfred Herold; Werner Klotz; Wilson de Melo Cruvinel; et al. (Immunologic Research, 2021)

Detecting the effects of rapid tectonically induced subsidence on Mayotte Island since 2018 on beach and reef morphology, and implications for coastal vulnerability to marine flooding - Matthieu Jeanson; Edward J. Anthony; Sarah Charroux; Aline Aubry; Franck Dolique (Geo-Marine Letters, 2021)

Extreme Convection vs. Extreme Rainfall: a Global View - Edward J. Zipser; Chuntao Liu (Current Climate Change Reports, 2021)

Ocean Turbulence and Mixing Near the Shelf Break South-East of Nova Scotia - Iossif Lozovatsky; Charlotte Wainwright; Edward Creegan; Harindra J. S. Fernando (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2021)

Automated Framework for the Inclusion of a His–Purkinje System in Cardiac Digital Twins of Ventricular Electrophysiology - Karli Gillette; Matthias A. F. Gsell; Julien Bouyssier; Anton J. Prassl; Aurel Neic; Edward J. Vigmond; Gernot Plank (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)
Personalized models of cardiac electrophysiology (EP) that match clinical observation with high fidelity, referred to as cardiac digital twins (CDTs), show promise as a tool for tailoring cardiac precision therapies. Building CDTs of cardiac EP relies on the ability of models to replicate the ventricular activation sequence under a broad range of conditions. Of pivotal importance is the His–Purkinje system (HPS) within the ventricles. Workflows for the generation and incorporation of HPS models are needed for use in cardiac digital twinning pipelines that aim to minimize the misfit between model predictions and clinical data such as the 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG). We thus develop an automated two stage approach for HPS personalization. A fascicular-based model is first introduced that modulates the endocardial Purkinje network. Only emergent features of sites of earliest activation within the ventricular myocardium and a fast-conducting sub-endocardial layer are accounted for. It is then replaced by a topologically realistic Purkinje-based representation of the HPS. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated. Equivalence between both HPS model representations is investigated by comparing activation patterns and 12 lead ECGs under both sinus rhythm and right-ventricular apical pacing. Predominant ECG morphology is preserved by both HPS models under sinus conditions, but elucidates differences during pacing.

Mesozooplankton Community Dynamics and Grazing Potential Across Algal Bloom Cycles in a Subtropical Estuary - L. Holly Sweat; Hunter Alexander; Edward J. Phlips; Kevin B. Johnson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Mesozooplankton, as abundant grazers of microalgae in coastal systems, have the potential to prevent or mitigate harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their effects. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a subtropical estuary in eastern Florida (United States) where repeated blooms, dominated by the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense , the brown tide species Aureoumbra lagunensis , pico/nano planktonic cyanobacteria and other nano-eukaryotes, have highlighted the need to better understand fluctuations in the grazing potential of mesozooplankton populations across bloom cycles. Mesozooplankton and abiotic environmental data were collected at five sites in the northern IRL system at 6-week intervals from November 2013 through June 2016. A total of 107 taxa from 14 phyla were detected. Communities varied across sites, dates and between bloom and non-bloom periods, with densities up to 338 individuals L –1 . Eight taxa comprising 85–94% of the total population at each site were identified as primary potential grazers, including barnacle nauplii, cladocerans, adult copepods, gastropod veligers, larvaceans, and polychaete metatrochophores. Although abundant, the estimated grazing potential of the primary taxa, calculated from their measured densities and previously published grazing rates, suggest that mesozooplankton lack the capacity to suppress phytoplankton once they reach bloom levels. These findings illustrate the utility of monitoring data and underscore the importance of systematically evaluating algal bloom controls with a consideration for the dynamic conditions of each unique ecosystem.

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact - Molly K. Grace; H. Resit Akçakaya; Elizabeth L. Bennett; Thomas M. Brooks; Anna Heath; Simon Hedges; Craig Hilton‐Taylor; Michael Hoffmann; Axel Hochkirch; Richard Jenkins; David A. Keith; Barney Long; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2021)
Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species’ viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score ) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics ( conservation legacy, conservation dependence , conservation gain , and recovery potential ). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species’ recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories : fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty‐nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics , indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard.