A de novo FLCN mutation in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax and renal cancer; a clinical and molecular evaluation - Fred H. Menko; Paul C. Johannesma; R. Jeroen A. van Moorselaar; Rinze Reinhard; Jan Hein van Waesberghe; Erik Thunnissen; Arjan C. Houweling; Edward M. Leter; Quinten Waisfisz; Martijn B. van Doorn; Theo M. Starink; Pieter E. Postmus; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2013)

Origin of the linearity no threshold (LNT) dose–response concept - Edward J. Calabrese (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Blunted endogenous GABA-mediated inhibition in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes - Zurina Hassan; Munavvar Zubaid Abdul Sattar; Farah Wahida Suhaimi; Nurul Hasnida Mohammed Yusoff; Mohammed H. Abdulla; Ahmad Pauzi M. Yusof; Edward J. Johns (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2013)

Genetic and experimental evidence for a mixed‐age, mixed‐origin bank of kelp microscopic stages in southern California - Laura T. Carney; Andrew J. Bohonak; Matthew S. Edwards; Filipe Alberto (Ecology, 2013)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the microscopic stages of kelps can rapidly resume development from a delayed state. Like terrestrial seeds or aquatic resting eggs, banks of delayed kelp stages may supplement population recovery after periods of stress, playing an important role for kelp populations that experience adult sporophyte absences due to seasonal or interannual disturbances. We found that removing the microscopic stages from natural rock substratum could prevent the appearance of juvenile kelp sporophytes for three months and the establishment of a diverse kelp assemblage for over four months within a southern California kelp forest. Juveniles were observed within one month in plots where microscopic stages were left intact, which may confer an advantage for the resulting sporophytes as they attain larger sizes before later recruiting neighbors. Microsatellite diversity was high (expected heterozygosity H E ≈ 0.9) for juveniles and adults within our sites. Using a microsatellite‐based parentage analysis for the dominant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera , we estimated that a portion of the new M. pyrifera sporophyte recruits had originated from their parents at least seven months after their parents had disappeared. Similar delay durations have been demonstrated in recent laboratory studies. Additionally, our results suggest that zoospore dispersal distances >50 m may be supported by including additional microsatellite loci in the analysis. We propose a mixed‐age and, potentially, a mixed‐origin bank of M. pyrifera gametophytes promotes maximal genetic diversity in recovering populations and reduces population genetic subdivision and self‐fertilization rates for intact populations by promoting the survival of zoospores dispersed >10 m and during inhospitable environmental conditions.

On the influence of tree size on the climate–growth relationship of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis): insights from annual, monthly and daily growth patterns - Jan Wunder; Anthony M. Fowler; Edward R. Cook; Maryann Pirie; Shane P. J. McCloskey (Trees, 2013)

Demographic patterns in the peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus), an introduced Hawaiian reef fish - Mary K. Donovan; Alan M. Friedlander; Edward E. DeMartini; Megan J. Donahue; Ivor D. Williams (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Low doses of radiation can enhance insect lifespans - Edward J. Calabrese (Biogerontology, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Local Understandings of Conservation in Southeastern Mexico and Their Implications for Community‐Based Conservation as an Alternative Paradigm - VICTORIA REYES‐GARCIA; ISABEL RUIZ‐MALLEN; LUCIANA PORTER‐BOLLAND; EDUARDO GARCIA‐FRAPOLLI; EDWARD A. ELLIS; MARIA‐ELENA MENDEZ; DIANA J. PRITCHARD; MARÍA‐CONSUELO SANCHEZ‐GONZALEZ (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Since the 1990s national and international programs have aimed to legitimize local conservation initiatives that might provide an alternative to the formal systems of state‐managed or otherwise externally driven protected areas. We used discourse analysis (130 semistructured interviews with key informants) and descriptive statistics (679 surveys) to compare local perceptions of and experiences with state‐driven versus community‐driven conservation initiatives. We conducted our research in 6 communities in southeastern Mexico. Formalization of local conservation initiatives did not seem to be based on local knowledge and practices. Although interviewees thought community‐based initiatives generated less conflict than state‐managed conservation initiatives, the community‐based initiatives conformed to the biodiversity conservation paradigm that emphasizes restricted use of and access to resources. This restrictive approach to community‐based conservation in Mexico, promoted through state and international conservation organizations, increased the area of protected land and had local support but was not built on locally relevant and multifunctional landscapes, a model that community‐based conservation is assumed to advance. Percepciones Locales de Conservación en el Sureste de México e Implicaciones para la Conservación Comunitaria como Paradigma Alternativo

Haplotype dictionary for the Rht-1 loci in wheat - Edward P. Wilhelm; Ian J. Mackay; Robert J. Saville; Andrey V. Korolev; Francois Balfourier; Andy J. Greenland; Margaret I. Boulton; Wayne Powell (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Risk of dietary magnesium deficiency is low in most African countries based on food supply data - Edward J. M. Joy; Scott D. Young; Colin R. Black; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Martin R. Broadley (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Initial epidemic area is strongly associated with the yearly extent of soybean rust spread in North America - Christopher C. Mundt; LaRae D. Wallace; Tom W. Allen; Clayton A. Hollier; Robert C. Kemerait; Edward J. Sikora (Biological Invasions, 2013)

The association of active smoking with multiple cancers: national census-cancer registry cohorts with quantitative bias analysis - Tony Blakely; Jan J. Barendregt; Rachel H. Foster; Sarah Hill; June Atkinson; Diana Sarfati; Richard Edwards (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli) - Edward J. Heist; Jill C. Devine; Jeffrey W. Gersch; Kevin M. Kingsland; Bryan M. Musungu; Amanda J. Warner; Sydney K. Youngs; Elliott A. Zieman (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Immunohistochemical localization of urea and ammonia transporters in two confamilial fish species, the ureotelic gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and the ammoniotelic plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) - Carol Bucking; Susan L. Edwards; Paul Tickle; Craig P. Smith; M. Danielle McDonald; Patrick J. Walsh (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Vascular plants as surrogates of butterfly and grasshopper diversity on two Swiss subalpine summer pastures - Bärbel Koch; Peter J. Edwards; Wolf U. Blanckenhorn; Serge Buholzer; Thomas Walter; Rafael O. Wüest; Gabriela Hofer (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Palynology supports ‘ O ld N orse’ introductions to the flora of G reenland - J. Edward Schofield; Kevin J. Edwards; Egill Erlendsson; Paul M. Ledger (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim This paper integrates pollen‐analytical data from sites across southern G reenland to revisit the debate regarding which plants may have been introduced during the N orse colonization or landnám c . ad 985. Location Palynological data are drawn from 14 sites (lakes and mires) located within the former E astern S ettlement of N orse G reenland ( c . 60.9° N, 45.5° W). Methods Maps are presented displaying palynological data for three taxa ( R umex acetosella , P olygonum aviculare and A chillea millefolium ), which earlier scholars have argued are ‘Old Norse’ anthropochores. The maps display pollen frequencies at regular ( c . 100‐year) intervals across a period ( ad 800–1500) encompassing N orse settlement. Results Maps for c . ad 800 and 900 (prior to N orse arrival) display the taxa as locally absent, with the appearance and expansion of their pollen at multiple sites from c . ad 1000 ( landnám ) providing support for the assumption that each taxon arrived with the first settlers. A general and widespread decline in pollen frequencies for these ‘Old Norse’ elements on the c. ad 1500 map (following N orse abandonment) demonstrates a close connection between these plants and a cultural landscape that was shaped and maintained predominantly via animal husbandry. Main conclusions Patterns emerging from this exercise may initiate wider debates related to the pattern and character of the N orse colonization of G reenland. It is suggested that differences in the function or role of farm sites could have led to the creation of greater areas of favourable habitat for ‘ O ld N orse’ flora in some locations relative to others, and that uneven patterns of colonization and the spread of ‘ O ld N orse’ plants might be explained if their introduction – presumably from Iceland – first occurred at only a few locations.

Genetic characterization and mapping of the Rht-1 homoeologs and flanking sequences in wheat - Edward P. Wilhelm; Rhian M. Howells; Nadia Al-Kaff; Jizeng Jia; Catherine Baker; Michelle A. Leverington-Waite; Simon Griffiths; Andy J. Greenland; Margaret I. Boulton; Wayne Powell (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Attenuation of cocaine and heroin seeking by μ-opioid receptor antagonism - Chiara Giuliano; Trevor W. Robbins; David R. Wille; Edward T. Bullmore; Barry J. Everitt (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

The Site-Wise Log-Likelihood Score is a Good Predictor of Genes under Positive Selection - Huai-Chun Wang; Edward Susko; Andrew J. Roger (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2013)

Anthropometric factors in relation to risk of glioma - Rebecca B. Little; Melissa H. Madden; Reid C. Thompson; Jeffrey J. Olson; Renato V. LaRocca; Edward Pan; James E. Browning; Kathleen M. Egan; L. Burton Nabors (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Cigarette smoking and risk of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 21 case–control studies - Mette T. Faber; Susanne K. Kjær; Christian Dehlendorff; Jenny Chang-Claude; Klaus K. Andersen; Estrid Høgdall; Penelope M. Webb; Susan J. Jordan; Mary Anne Rossing; Jennifer A. Doherty; Galina Lurie; Pamela J. Thompson; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Metal Accumulation and Health Effects in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Coal Fly Ash Exposure - Marcy J. Souza; Edward C. Ramsay; Robert L. Donnell (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013)

Dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and niche differentiation influence forest tree communities in West Polynesia - Janet Franklin; Gunnar Keppel; Edward L. Webb; Joshua O. Seamon; Sergio J. Rey; David W. Steadman; Susan K. Wiser; Donald R. Drake (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Regional patterns of forest composition in West Polynesia were analysed to determine the relative importance of dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and biotic interactions. Location West Polynesia (Fiji, Tonga, Samoa). Methods We applied clustering and indicator species analysis to presence/absence data for 397 tree taxa in 338 forest plots to detect groups of plots sharing similar species composition. Patterns of plot composition and co‐occurrence of congeneric species were compared between archipelagos for evidence of dispersal limitation, speciation, and environmental filtering versus competitive displacement or niche differentiation across the three archipelagos at the local (plot) and regional scales. Results Dispersal limitation was evident in the compositional segregation of inland rain forests across the three archipelagos, whereas compositional overlap was widespread for coastal forests, which are composed of species dispersed by water. Within genera, species numbers attenuated from Fiji to Tonga to Samoa, but speciation also contributed to compositional differences in all three island groups. Environmental filtering was suggested by the distinct composition of both secondary and mature inland rain forest versus coastal forest. At the local scale, however, clumping of congeners, which might suggest fine‐scale environmental filtering, was observed for only a minority of inland forest genera. Most genera showed either overdispersion, suggesting competitive displacement or niche differentiation, or patterns not significantly different from random. Main conclusions Well‐established biogeographical patterns of dispersal limitation and speciation contribute to West Polynesian tree diversity at the community scale. Environmental filtering and competitive displacement further structure forest communities; the evidence from this study suggests that environmental filtering is more important at a landscape scale, while competitive displacement may be more important at a local scale, although their relative importance varies considerably among taxa.

Soil warming increases plant species richness but decreases germination from the alpine soil seed bank - Gemma L. Hoyle; Susanna E. Venn; Kathryn J. Steadman; Roger B. Good; Edward J. McAuliffe; Emlyn R. Williams; Adrienne B. Nicotra (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Global warming is occurring more rapidly above the treeline than at lower elevations and alpine areas are predicted to experience above average warming in the future. Temperature is a primary factor in stimulating seed germination and regulating changes in seed dormancy status. Thus, plant regeneration from seed will be crucial to the persistence, migration and post disturbance recruitment of alpine plants in future climates. Here, we present the first assessment of the impact of soil warming on germination from the persistent alpine soil seed bank. Contrary to expectations, soil warming lead to reduced overall germination from the soil seed bank. However, germination response to soil temperature was species specific such that total species richness actually increased by nine with soil warming. We further explored the system by assessing the prevalence of seed dormancy and germination response to soil disturbance, the frequency of which is predicted to increase under climate change. Seeds of a significant proportion of species demonstrated physiological dormancy mechanisms and germination of several species appeared to be intrinsically linked to soil disturbance. In addition, we found no evidence of subalpine species and little evidence of exotic weed species in the soil, suggesting that the soil seed bank will not facilitate their invasion of the alpine zone. In conclusion, changes in recruitment via the alpine soil seed bank can be expected under climate change, as a result of altered dormancy alleviation and germination cues. Furthermore, the alpine soil seed bank, and the species richness therein, has the potential to help maintain local species diversity, support species range shift and moderate species dominance. Implications for alpine management and areas for further study are also discussed.

A toxicokinetic model for thiamethoxam in rats: implications for higher-tier risk assessment - Agnieszka J. Bednarska; Peter Edwards; Richard Sibly; Pernille Thorbek (Ecotoxicology, 2013)

Resistance is futile: effects of landscape features on gene flow of the northern bobwhite - Leah K. Berkman; Clayton K. Nielsen; Charlotte L. Roy; Edward J. Heist (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

Investigation of proposed Norse irrigation channels and dams at Garðar/Igaliku, Greenland - Kevin J. Edwards; J. Edward Schofield (Water History, 2013)

The biogeography of marine plankton traits - Andrew D. Barton; Andrew J. Pershing; Elena Litchman; Nicholas R. Record; Kyle F. Edwards; Zoe V. Finkel; Thomas Kiørboe; Ben A. Ward (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Changes in marine plankton communities driven by environmental variability impact the marine food web and global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and other elements. To predict and assess these community shifts and their consequences, ecologists are increasingly investigating how the functional traits of plankton determine their relative fitness along environmental and biological gradients. Laboratory, field and modelling studies are adopting this trait‐based approach to map the biogeography of plankton traits that underlies variations in plankton communities. Here, we review progress towards understanding the regulatory roles of several key plankton functional traits, including cell size, N 2 ‐fixation and mixotrophy among phytoplankton, and body size, ontogeny and feeding behaviour for zooplankton. The trait biogeographical approach sheds light on what structures plankton communities in the current ocean, as well as under climate change scenarios, and also allows for finer resolution of community function because community trait composition determines the rates of significant processes, including carbon export. Although understanding of trait biogeography is growing, uncertainties remain that stem, in part, from the paucity of observations describing plankton functional traits. Thus, in addition to recommending widespread adoption of the trait‐based approach, we advocate for enhanced collection, standardisation and dissemination of plankton functional trait data.

Volcanic impacts on the Holocene vegetation history of Britain and Ireland? A review and meta-analysis of the pollen evidence - Richard J. Payne; Kevin J. Edwards; Jeff J. Blackford (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2013)

Effects of chronic sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors desensitizing agent on pharmacologically-induced impaired attention in rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Marty Cauley; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Interspecific effects of 4A-DNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in Japanese quail, Northern bobwhite, and Zebra finch - Michael J. Quinn; Terry L. Hanna; Alicia A. Shiflett; Craig A. McFarland; Michelle E. Cook; Mark S. Johnson; Kurt A. Gust; Edward J. Perkins (Ecotoxicology, 2013)

Increases of Soil C, N, and P Pools Along an Acacia Tree Density Gradient and Their Effects on Trees and Grasses - Judith Sitters; Peter J. Edwards; Harry Olde Venterink (Ecosystems, 2013)

Links between Indo-Pacific climate variability and drought in the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas - Caroline C. Ummenhofer; Rosanne D. D’Arrigo; Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Brendan M. Buckley; Edward R. Cook (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Polymorphisms in genes related to one-carbon metabolism are not related to pancreatic cancer in PanScan and PanC4 - Max Leenders; Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee; Paolo Vineis; Victoria Stevens; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laufey Amundadottir; Myron Gross; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; Eric J. Duell; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case–control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum - Sharif B. Mohr; Edward D. Gorham; John E. Alcaraz; Christopher I. Kane; Caroline A. Macera; J. Kellogg Parsons; Deborah L. Wingard; Ronald Horst; Cedric F. Garland (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

The nature and formation of cristobalite at the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat: implications for the petrology and stability of silicic lava domes - Claire J. Horwell; Ben J. Williamson; Edward W. Llewellin; David E. Damby; Jennifer S. Le Blond (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2013)

Rising costs of care make spiny chromis discerning parents - Lyndon Alexander Jordan; James Edward Herbert-Read; Ashley J. W. Ward (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2013)

Repeat oral dose toxicity studies of melamine in rats and monkeys - Richard J. Early; Hong Yu; Xueyan Peter Mu; Haiyan Xu; Lei Guo; Qingxue Kong; Junma Zhou; Bruce He; Xiuying Yang; Hailiang Huang; Edward Hu; Ying Jiang (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Building the niche through time: using 13,000 years of data to predict the effects of climate change on three tree species in Europe - L. Maiorano; R. Cheddadi; N. E. Zimmermann; L. Pellissier; B. Petitpierre; J. Pottier; H. Laborde; B. I. Hurdu; P. B. Pearman; A. Psomas; J. S. Singarayer; O. Broennimann; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) based on current species ranges underestimate the potential distribution when projected in time and/or space. A multi‐temporal model calibration approach has been suggested as an alternative, and we evaluate this using 13,000 years of data. Location Europe. Methods We used fossil‐based records of presence for Picea abies , Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica and six climatic variables for the period 13,000 to 1000 yr bp . To measure the contribution of each 1000‐year time step to the total niche of each species (the niche measured by pooling all the data), we employed a principal components analysis (PCA) calibrated with data over the entire range of possible climates. Then we projected both the total niche and the partial niches from single time frames into the PCA space, and tested if the partial niches were more similar to the total niche than random. Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we calibrated SDMs for each time frame and for the pooled database. We projected each model to current climate and evaluated the results against current pollen data. We also projected all models into the future. Results Niche similarity between the partial and the total‐SDMs was almost always statistically significant and increased through time. SDMs calibrated from single time frames gave different results when projected to current climate, providing evidence of a change in the species realized niches through time. Moreover, they predicted limited climate suitability when compared with the total‐SDMs. The same results were obtained when projected to future climates. Main conclusions The realized climatic niche of species differed for current and future climates when SDMs were calibrated considering different past climates. Building the niche as an ensemble through time represents a way forward to a better understanding of a species' range and its ecology in a changing climate.

Estimating global arthropod species richness: refining probabilistic models using probability bounds analysis - Andrew J. Hamilton; Vojtech Novotný; Edward K. Waters; Yves Basset; Kurt K. Benke; Peter S. Grimbacher; Scott E. Miller; G. Allan Samuelson; George D. Weiblen; Jian D. L. Yen; Nigel E. Stork (Oecologia, 2013)

Fine map of the Gct1 spontaneous ovarian granulosa cell tumor locus - Kerri N. Smith; Sarah J. Halfyard; Edward S. Yaskowiak; Kathryn L. Shultz; Wesley G. Beamer; Ann M. Dorward (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Genetic diversity, conservation, and utilization of Theobroma cacao L.: genetic resources in the Dominican Republic - Edward J. Boza; Brian M. Irish; Alan W. Meerow; Cecile L. Tondo; Orlando A. Rodríguez; Marisol Ventura-López; Jaime A. Gómez; J. Michael Moore; Dapeng Zhang; Juan Carlos Motamayor; Raymond J. Schnell (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2013)

Food safety and security and the dose-response - Edward J. Calabrese (Food Security, 2013)

Erratum to: Landscape-Scale Factors Affecting Feral Horse Habitat Use During Summer Within The Rocky Mountain Foothills - Tisa L. Girard; Edward W. Bork; Scott E. Nielsen; Mike J. Alexander (Environmental Management, 2013)

Landscape-Scale Factors Affecting Feral Horse Habitat Use During Summer Within The Rocky Mountain Foothills - Tisa L. Girard; Edward W. Bork; Scott E. Neilsen; Mike J. Alexander (Environmental Management, 2013)

High efficiency intranasal drug delivery using Intravail® alkylsaccharide absorption enhancers - Edward T. Maggio; Dennis J. Pillion (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2013)

Effects of cadmium on the sub-cellular localization of β-catenin and β-catenin-regulated gene expression in NRK-52E cells - Joshua R. Edwards; Kevin Kolman; Peter C. Lamar; Nalini Chandar; Michael J. Fay; Walter C. Prozialeck (BioMetals, 2013)

Accessing complex crop genomes with next-generation sequencing - David Edwards; Jacqueline Batley; Rod J. Snowdon (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Prevents Binge Ethanol-Dependent Aquaporin-4 Elevations While Inhibiting Neurodegeneration: Experiments in Rat Adult-Age Entorhino-Hippocampal Slice Cultures - Michael A. Collins; Kwan-Hoon Moon; Nuzhath Tajuddin; Edward J. Neafsey; Hee-Yong Kim (Neurotoxicity Research, 2013)

Investigation of genetic risk factors for chronic adult diseases for association with preterm birth - Nadia Falah; Jude McElroy; Victoria Snegovskikh; Charles J. Lockwood; Errol Norwitz; Jeffey C. Murray; Edward Kuczynski; Ramkumar Menon; Kari Teramo; Louis J. Muglia; Thomas Morgan (Human Genetics, 2013)

A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry - Fang Chen; Gary K. Chen; Daniel O. Stram; Robert C. Millikan; Christine B. Ambrosone; Esther M. John; Leslie Bernstein; Wei Zheng; Julie R. Palmer; Jennifer J. Hu; Tim R. Rebbeck; Regina G. Ziegler; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium - Joanne W. Elena; Emily Steplowski; Kai Yu; Patricia Hartge; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Michelle J. Brotzman; Stephen J. Chanock; Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon; Alan A. Arslan; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Kathy Helzlsouer; Eric J. Jacobs; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Environmental Lithium Exposure in the North of Chile—II. Natural Food Sources - Leonardo T. Figueroa; Blago Razmillic; Oscar Zumeata; G. Nina Aranda; Sara Ann Barton; William J. Schull; Allan H. Young; Yumi M. Kamiya; John A Hoskins; Edward B. Ilgren (Biological Trace Element Research, 2013)

Trait-dependent declines of species following conversion of rain forest to oil palm plantations - Michael J. M. Senior; Keith C. Hamer; Simon Bottrell; David P. Edwards; Tom M. Fayle; Jennifer M. Lucey; Peter J. Mayhew; Robert Newton; Kelvin S.-H. Peh; Frederick H. Sheldon; Christopher Stewart; Alison R. Styring; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Improving our understanding of environmental controls on the distribution of C 3 and C 4 grasses - Stephanie Pau; Erika J. Edwards; Christopher J. Still (Global Change Biology, 2013)
A number of studies have demonstrated the ecological sorting of C 3 and C 4 grasses along temperature and moisture gradients. However, previous studies of C 3 and C 4 grass biogeography have often inadvertently compared species in different and relatively unrelated lineages, which are associated with different environmental settings and distinct adaptive traits. Such confounded comparisons of C 3 and C 4 grasses may bias our understanding of ecological sorting imposed strictly by photosynthetic pathway. Here, we used MaxEnt species distribution modeling in combination with satellite data to understand the functional diversity of C 3 and C 4 grasses by comparing both large clades and closely related sister taxa. Similar to previous work, we found that C 4 grasses showed a preference for regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation compared with grasses using the C 3 pathway. However, air temperature differences were smaller (2 °C vs. 4 °C) and precipitation and % tree cover differences were larger (1783 mm vs. 755 mm, 21.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively) when comparing C 3 and C 4 grasses within the same clade vs. comparing all C 4 and all C 3 grasses (i.e., ignoring phylogenetic structure). These results were due to important differences in the environmental preferences of C 3 BEP and PACMAD clades (the two main grass clades). Winter precipitation was found to be more important for understanding the distribution and environmental niche of C 3 PACMAD s in comparison with both C 3 BEP s and C 4 taxa, for which temperature was much more important. Results comparing closely related C 3 –C 4 sister taxa supported the patterns derived from our modeling of the larger clade groupings. Our findings, which are novel in comparing the distribution and niches of clades, demonstrate that the evolutionary history of taxa is important for understanding the functional diversity of C 3 and C 4 grasses, and should have implications for how grasslands will respond to global change.

Testosterone induces off-line perceptual learning - Nicholas D. Wright; Thomas Edwards; Stephen M. Fleming; Raymond J. Dolan (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Effects of mu opioid receptor antagonism on cognition in obese binge-eating individuals - Samuel R. Chamberlain; Karin Mogg; Brendan P. Bradley; Annelize Koch; Chris M. Dodds; Wenli X. Tao; Kay Maltby; Bhopinder Sarai; Antonella Napolitano; Duncan B. Richards; Edward T. Bullmore; Pradeep J. Nathan (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Challenges to Replicating Evidence-Based Research in Real-World Settings: Training African-American peers as Patient Navigators for Colon Cancer Screening - Jamilia R. Sly; Lina Jandorf; Rayhana Dhulkifl; Diana Hall; Tiffany Edwards; Adam J. Goodman; Elithea Maysonet; Sulaiman Azeez (Journal of Cancer Education, 2012)

Microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA reveal regional population structure in bobcats (Lynx rufus) of North America - Emily K. Croteau; Edward J. Heist; Clayton K. Nielsen; Jennifer R. Hutchinson; Eric C. Hellgren (Conservation Genetics, 2012)

Microstructure characteristics during hydrate formation and dissociation revealed by X-ray tomographic microscopy - Stephan A. Klapp; Frieder Enzmann; Peter Walz; Thomas Huthwelker; Jürgen Tuckermann; J.-Oliver Schwarz; Thomas Pape; Edward T. Peltzer; Rajmund Mokso; David Wangner; Federica Marone; Michael Kersten; et al. (Geo-Marine Letters, 2012)

Long-term development of a cultural landscape: the origins and dynamics of lowland heathland in southern England - Jon A. Groves; Martyn P. Waller; Michael J. Grant; J. Edward Schofield (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2012)

Th2 responses in schistosomiasis - Keke Fairfax; Marcia Nascimento; Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang; Bart Everts; Edward J. Pearce (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2012)

Phylogenetic niche conservatism in C4 grasses - Hui Liu; Erika J. Edwards; Robert P. Freckleton; Colin P. Osborne (Oecologia, 2012)

Application of large-scale sequencing to marker discovery in plants - Robert J Henry; Mark Edwards; Daniel L E Waters; Gopala Krishnan S; Peter Bundock; Timothy R Sexton; Ardashir K Masouleh; Catherine J Nock; Julie Pattemore (Journal of Biosciences, 2012)

The influence of spatial working memory on ipsilateral remembered proprioceptive matching in adults with cerebral palsy - Daniel J. Goble; Micah B. Aaron; Seth Warschausky; Jacqueline N. Kaufman; Edward A. Hurvitz (Experimental Brain Research, 2012)

Multiple environmental stressors elicit complex interactive effects in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) - Craig A. McFarland; Larry G. Talent; Michael J. Quinn; Matthew A. Bazar; Mitchell S. Wilbanks; Mandana Nisanian; Robert M. Gogal; Mark S. Johnson; Edward J. Perkins; Kurt A. Gust (Ecotoxicology, 2012)

Fungal and bacterial growth following the application of slurry and anaerobic digestate of livestock manure to temperate pasture soils - John J. Walsh; Johannes Rousk; Gareth Edwards-Jones; Davey L. Jones; A. Prysor Williams (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012)

Oxygen minimum zones harbour novel viral communities with low diversity - Noriko Cassman; Alejandra Prieto‐Davó; Kevin Walsh; Genivaldo G. Z. Silva; Florent Angly; Sajia Akhter; Katie Barott; Julia Busch; Tracey McDole; J. Matthew Haggerty; Dana Willner; Gadiel Alarcón; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Oxygen minimum zones ( OMZs ) are oceanographic features that affect ocean productivity and biodiversity, and contribute to ocean nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Here we describe the viral communities associated with the E astern T ropical S outh P acific ( ETSP ) OMZ off I quique, C hile for the first time through abundance estimates and viral metagenomic analysis. The viral‐to‐microbial ratio ( VMR ) in the ETSP OMZ fluctuated in the oxycline and declined in the anoxic core to below one on several occasions. The number of viral genotypes (unique genomes as defined by sequence assembly) ranged from 2040 at the surface to 98 in the oxycline, which is the lowest viral diversity recorded to date in the ocean. Within the ETSP OMZ viromes, only 4.95% of genotypes were shared between surface and anoxic core viromes using reciprocal BLASTn sequence comparison. ETSP virome comparison with surface marine viromes ( S argasso S ea, G ulf of M exico, K ingman R eef, C hesapeake B ay) revealed a dissimilarity of ETSP OMZ viruses to those from other oceanic regions. From the 1.4 million non‐redundant DNA sequences sampled within the altered oxygen conditions of the ETSP OMZ , more than 97.8% were novel. Of the average 3.2% of sequences that showed similarity to the SEED non‐redundant database, phage sequences dominated the surface viromes, eukaryotic virus sequences dominated the oxycline viromes, and phage sequences dominated the anoxic core viromes. The viral community of the ETSP OMZ was characterized by fluctuations in abundance, taxa and diversity across the oxygen gradient. The ecological significance of these changes was difficult to predict; however, it appears that the reduction in oxygen coincides with an increased shedding of eukaryotic viruses in the oxycline, and a shift to unique viral genotypes in the anoxic core.

Microbial cell budgets of an A rctic glacier surface quantified using flow cytometry - T. D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; A. Edwards; S. Newton; H. Langford; S. M. Rassner; J. Telling; A. M. Anesio; A. J. Hodson (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Uncertainty surrounds estimates of microbial cell and organic detritus fluxes from glacier surfaces. Here, we present the first enumeration of biological particles draining from a supraglacial catchment, on M idtre L ovénbreen ( S valbard) over 36 days. A stream cell flux of 1.08 × 10 7 cells m −2 h −1 was found, with strong inverse, non‐linear associations between water discharge and biological particle concentrations. Over the study period, a significant decrease in cell‐like particles exhibiting 530 nm autofluorescence was noted. The observed total fluvial export of ∼ 7.5 × 10 14 cells equates to 15.1–72.7 g C , and a large proportion of these cells were small ( 7 cells m −2 h −1 . Analysis of surface ice cores revealed cell concentrations comparable to previous studies (6 × 10 4 cells ml −1 ) but, critically, showed no variation with depth in the uppermost 1 m. The physical retention and growth of particulates at glacier surfaces has two implications: to contribute to ice mass thinning through feedbacks altering surface albedo, and to potentially seed recently deglaciated terrain with cells, genes and labile organic matter. This highlights the merit of further study into glacier surface hydraulics and biological processes.

Effects of AZD3480, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and donepezil on dizocilpine-induced attentional impairment in rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Marty C. Cauley; Edwin C. Johnson; Gregory J. Gatto; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Gene expression changes of interconnected spared cortical neurons 7 days after ischemic infarct of the primary motor cortex in the rat - Edward T. R. Urban; Scott D. Bury; H. Scott Barbay; David J. Guggenmos; Yafeng Dong; Randolph J. Nudo (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2012)

Adaptation of surround inhibition in the human motor system - P. Kassavetis; T. A. Saifee; A. Sadnicka; I. Pareés; M. Kojovic; J. C. Rothwell; M. J. Edwards (Experimental Brain Research, 2012)

Genetic evaluation of the initiation of a captive population: the general approach and a case study in the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) - Melody J. Saltzgiver; Edward J. Heist; Philip W. Hedrick (Conservation Genetics, 2012)

Carbon outcomes of major land‐cover transitions in SE Asia: great uncertainties and REDD + policy implications - Alan D. Ziegler; Jacob Phelps; Jia QI Yuen; Edward L. Webb; Deborah Lawrence; Jeff M. Fox; Thilde B. Bruun; Stephen J. Leisz; Casey M. Ryan; Wolfram Dressler; Ole Mertz; Unai Pascual; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Policy makers across the tropics propose that carbon finance could provide incentives for forest frontier communities to transition away from swidden agriculture (slash‐and‐burn or shifting cultivation) to other systems that potentially reduce emissions and/or increase carbon sequestration. However, there is little certainty regarding the carbon outcomes of many key land‐use transitions at the center of current policy debates. Our meta‐analysis of over 250 studies reporting above‐ and below‐ground carbon estimates for different land‐use types indicates great uncertainty in the net total ecosystem carbon changes that can be expected from many transitions, including the replacement of various types of swidden agriculture with oil palm, rubber, or some other types of agroforestry systems. These transitions are underway throughout Southeast Asia, and are at the heart of REDD + debates. Exceptions of unambiguous carbon outcomes are the abandonment of any type of agriculture to allow forest regeneration (a certain positive carbon outcome) and expansion of agriculture into mature forest (a certain negative carbon outcome). With respect to swiddening, our meta‐analysis supports a reassessment of policies that encourage land‐cover conversion away from these [especially long‐fallow] systems to other more cash‐crop‐oriented systems producing ambiguous carbon stock changes – including oil palm and rubber. In some instances, lengthening fallow periods of an existing swidden system may produce substantial carbon benefits, as would conversion from intensely cultivated lands to high‐biomass plantations and some other types of agroforestry. More field studies are needed to provide better data of above‐ and below‐ground carbon stocks before informed recommendations or policy decisions can be made regarding which land‐use regimes optimize or increase carbon sequestration. As some transitions may negatively impact other ecosystem services, food security, and local livelihoods, the entire carbon and noncarbon benefit stream should also be taken into account before prescribing transitions with ambiguous carbon benefits.

Assimilating GlobColour ocean colour data into a pre-operational physical-biogeochemical model - D. A. Ford; K. P. Edwards; D. Lea; R. M. Barciela; M. J. Martin; J. Demaria (Ocean Science, 2012)
As part of the GlobColour project, daily chlorophyll a observations, derived using remotely sensed ocean colour data from the MERIS, MODIS and SeaWiFS sensors, are produced. The ability of these products to be assimilated into a pre-operational global coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been tested, on both a hindcast and near-real-time basis, and the impact on the system assessed. The assimilation was found to immediately and considerably improve the bias, root mean square error and correlation of modelled surface chlorophyll concentration compared to the GlobColour observations, an improvement which was sustained throughout the year and in every ocean basin. Errors against independent in situ chlorophyll observations were also reduced, both at and beneath the ocean surface. However, the model fit to in situ observations was not consistently better than that of climatology, due to errors in the underlying model. The assimilation scheme used is multivariate, updating all biogeochemical model state variables at all depths. The other variables were not degraded by the assimilation, with annual mean surface fields of nutrients, alkalinity and carbon variables remaining of similar quality compared to climatology. There was evidence of improved representation of zooplankton concentration, and reduced errors were seen against in situ observations of nitrate and pCO2, but too few observations were available to conclude about global model skill. The near-real-time GlobColour products were found to be sufficiently reliable for operational purposes, and of benefit to both operational-style systems and reanalyses.

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in an epiphytic ant-plant, Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f. (Rubiaceae) - Edward W. J. Tsen; Joseph A. M. Holtum (Photosynthesis Research, 2012)

Genetically based differentiation in growth of multiple non-native plant species along a steep environmental gradient - Sylvia Haider; Christoph Kueffer; Peter J. Edwards; Jake M. Alexander (Oecologia, 2012)

The effect of losartan and carvedilol on renal haemodynamics and altered metabolism in fructose-fed Sprague–Dawley rats - Mohammed H. Abdulla; Munavvar A. Sattar; Nor A. Abdullah; Edward J. Johns (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012)

The Gauss–Listing geopotential value W 0 and its rate from altimetric mean sea level and GRACE - N. Dayoub; S. J. Edwards; P. Moore (Journal of Geodesy, 2012)

Effects of Sub-Acute Exposure to Rhodium (as Rh (III) chloride hydrate) on Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats - Ivo Iavicoli; Alessandro Sgambato; Luca Fontana; Alessandro Marinaccio; Veruscka Leso; Maddalena Corbi; Antonio Bergamaschi; Edward J. Calabrese (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012)

Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well‐known fauna: implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology - Elizabeth H. M. Tyler; Paul J. Somerfield; Edward Vanden Berghe; Julie Bremner; Emma Jackson; Olivia Langmead; Maria Lourdes D. Palomares; Thomas J. Webb (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012)
Aim Ecologists seeking to describe patterns at ever larger scales require compilations of data on the global abundance and distribution of species. Comparable compilations of biological data are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these patterns, but have received far less attention. We assess the availability of biological data across an entire assemblage: the well‐documented demersal marine fauna of the United Kingdom. We also test whether data availability for a species depends on its taxonomic group, maximum body size, the number of times it has been recorded in a global biogeographic database, or its commercial and conservation importance. Location Seas of the United Kingdom. Methods We defined a demersal marine fauna of 973 species from 15 phyla and 40 classes using five extensive surveys around the British Isles. We then quantified the availability of data on eight key biological traits (termed biological knowledge) for each species from online databases. Relationships between biological knowledge and our predictors were tested with generalized linear models. Results Full data on eight fundamental biological traits exist for only 9% ( n = 88) of the UK demersal marine fauna, and 20% of species completely lack data. Clear trends in our knowledge exist: fish (median biological knowledge score = six traits) are much better known than invertebrates (one trait). Biological knowledge increases with biogeographic knowledge and (to a lesser extent) with body size, and is greater in species that are commercially exploited or of conservation concern. Main conclusions Our analysis reveals deep ignorance of the basic biology of a well‐studied fauna, highlighting the need for far greater efforts to compile biological trait data. Clear biases in our knowledge, relating to how well sampled or ‘important’ species are suggests that caution is required in extrapolating small subsets of biologically well‐known species to ecosystem‐level studies.

Community composition, species richness, and abundance of birds in field margins of central Mexico: local and landscape-scale effects - Iriana Zuria; J. Edward Gates (Agroforestry Systems, 2012)

Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae as potential causes of proliferative vascular diseases in animals - Christiane Beerlage; Mrudula Varanat; Keith Linder; Ricardo G. Maggi; Jim Cooley; Volkhard A. J. Kempf; Edward B. Breitschwerdt (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2012)

Comparison of techniques used to count single-celled viable phytoplankton - Mia K. Steinberg; Matthew R. First; Edward J. Lemieux; Lisa A. Drake; Bruce N. Nelson; David M. Kulis; Donald M. Anderson; Nicholas A. Welschmeyer; Penny R. Herring (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2012)

Seasonal variation in expression of markers in the vitamin D pathway in prostate tissue - Mara M. Epstein; Ove Andrén; Julie L. Kasperzyk; Irene M. Shui; Kathryn L. Penney; Katja Fall; Jennifer R. Rider; Meir J. Stampfer; Swen-Olof Andersson; Edward Giovannucci; Lorelei A. Mucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

Probing cochlear tuning and tonotopy in the tiger using otoacoustic emissions - Christopher Bergevin; Edward J. Walsh; JoAnn McGee; Christopher A. Shera (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2012)

Effects of vicariant barriers, habitat stability, population isolation and environmental features on species divergence in the south‐western Australian coastal reptile community - D. L. EDWARDS; J. S. KEOGH; L. L. KNOWLES (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Identifying explicit hypotheses regarding the factors determining genetic structuring within species can be difficult, especially in species distributed in historically dynamic regions. To contend with these challenges, we use a framework that combines species distribution models, environmental data and multi‐locus genetic data to generate and explore phylogeographic hypotheses for reptile species occupying the coastal sand‐dune and sand‐plain habitats of the south‐western Australian biodiversity hotspot, a community which has both a high diversity of endemics and has varied dramatically in spatial extent over time. We use hierarchical amova , summary statistic and distance‐based analyses to explicitly test specific phylogeographic hypotheses. Namely, we test if biogeographic vicariance across barriers, habitat stability, population isolation along a linear habitat or fragmentation across different environments can explain genetic divergence within five co‐distributed squamate reptile species. Our results show that patterns of genetic variation reflect complex and species‐specific interactions related to the spatial distribution of habitats present currently and during repeated glacial minima, as opposed to being associated with historical factors such as habitat stability between glacial and inter‐glacial periods or vicariant barriers. We suggest that the large impact of habitat characteristics over time (i.e. relative levels of habitat connectivity, climatic gradients and spatial heterogeneity of soil types) reflects the ecological restrictions of the sand‐dune and sand‐plain reptile communities and may explain the lack of concordance across taxa. The study demonstrates the general utility of the approach for assemblage‐level, as well as single species, phylogeographic study, including its usefulness for exploring biologically informed hypotheses about what factors have influenced patterns of genetic variation.

DNA from soil mirrors plant taxonomic and growth form diversity - N. G. YOCCOZ; K. A. BRÅTHEN; L. GIELLY; J. HAILE; M. E. EDWARDS; T. GOSLAR; H. Von STEDINGK; A. K. BRYSTING; E. COISSAC; F. POMPANON; J. H. SØNSTEBØ; C. MIQUEL; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Ecosystems across the globe are threatened by climate change and human activities. New rapid survey approaches for monitoring biodiversity would greatly advance assessment and understanding of these threats. Taking advantage of next‐generation DNA sequencing, we tested an approach we call metabarcoding: high‐throughput and simultaneous taxa identification based on a very short (usually

The effect of experimental warming and precipitation change on proteolytic enzyme activity: positive feedbacks to nitrogen availability are not universal - Edward R. Brzostek; John M. Blair; Jeffrey S. Dukes; Serita D. Frey; Sarah E. Hobbie; Jerry M. Melillo; Robert J. Mitchell; Elise Pendall; Peter B. Reich; Gaius R. Shaver; Artur Stefanski; Mark G. Tjoelker; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Nitrogen regulates the E arth's climate system by constraining the terrestrial sink for atmospheric CO 2 . Proteolytic enzymes are a principal driver of the within‐system cycle of soil nitrogen, yet there is little to no understanding of their response to climate change. Here, we use a single methodology to investigate potential proteolytic enzyme activity in soils from 16 global change experiments. We show that regardless of geographical location or experimental manipulation (i.e., temperature, precipitation, or both), all sites plotted along a single line relating the response ratio of potential proteolytic activity to soil moisture deficit, the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. In particular, warming and reductions in precipitation stimulated potential proteolytic activity in mesic sites – temperate and boreal forests, arctic tundra – whereas these manipulations suppressed potential activity in dry grasslands. This study provides a foundation for a simple representation of the impacts of climate change on a central component of the nitrogen cycle.

Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI to Image Inflammation Within Human Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: a Pilot Investigation - David M. Hasan; Matthew Amans; Tarik Tihan; Christopher Hess; Yi Guo; Soonmee Cha; Hua Su; Alastair J. Martin; Michael T. Lawton; Edward A. Neuwelt; David A. Saloner; William L. Young (Translational Stroke Research, 2012)

Assessing the effects of chronic sazetidine-A delivery on nicotine self-administration in both male and female rats - Joshua E. Johnson; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Ann Petro; Hannah Sexton; Amir H. Rezvani; Milton L. Brown; Mikell A. Paige; Brian E. McDowell; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Transcriptome profiling and methyl homeostasis of an Arabidopsis mutant deficient in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase1 (SAHH1) - Bo Ouyang; Zhangjun Fei; Je-Gun Joung; Allan Kolenovsky; Chushin Koh; Jacek Nowak; Allan Caplan; Wilfred A. Keller; Yuhai Cui; Adrian J. Cutler; Edward W. T. Tsang (Plant Molecular Biology, 2012)

Incorporating invasive weeds into a plant indicator method (LakeSPI) to assess lake ecological condition - M. D. de Winton; J. S. Clayton; T. Edwards (Hydrobiologia, 2012)

Evolutionary genetics of the human Rh blood group system - George H. Perry; Yali Xue; Richard S. Smith; Wynn K. Meyer; Minal Çalışkan; Omar Yanez-Cuna; Arthur S. Lee; María Gutiérrez-Arcelus; Carole Ober; Edward J. Hollox; Chris Tyler-Smith; Charles Lee (Human Genetics, 2012)

Short-Term and Interannual Variability in Primary Production in the Low-Salinity Zone of the San Francisco Estuary - Wim J. Kimmerer; Alexander E. Parker; Ulrika E. Lidström; Edward J. Carpenter (Estuaries and Coasts, 2012)

Microbial community phylogenetic and trait diversity declines with depth in a marine oxygen minimum zone - Jessica A. Bryant; Frank J. Stewart; John M. Eppley; Edward F. DeLong (Ecology, 2012)
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are natural physical features of the world's oceans. They create steep physiochemical gradients in the water column, which most notably include a dramatic draw down in oxygen concentrations over small vertical distances (

Food for folivores: nutritional explanations linking diets to population density - Ian R. Wallis; Melanie J. Edwards; Hannah Windley; Andrew K. Krockenberger; Annika Felton; Megan Quenzer; Joerg U. Ganzhorn; William J. Foley (Oecologia, 2012)

Muscle power failure in mobility-limited older adults: preserved single fiber function despite lower whole muscle size, quality and rate of neuromuscular activation - Kieran F. Reid; Gheorghe Doros; David J. Clark; Carolynn Patten; Robert J. Carabello; Gregory J. Cloutier; Edward M. Phillips; Lisa S. Krivickas; Walter R. Frontera; Roger A. Fielding (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012)

Hormesis: why it is important to biogerontologists - Edward J. Calabrese; Ivo Iavicoli; Vittorio Calabrese (Biogerontology, 2012)

Forest phenology and a warmer climate – growing season extension in relation to climatic provenance - Carla A. Gunderson; Nelson T. Edwards; Ashley V. Walker; Keiran H. O'Hara; Christina M. Campion; Paul J. Hanson (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Predicting forest responses to warming climates relies on assumptions about niche and temperature sensitivity that remain largely untested. Observational studies have related current and historical temperatures to phenological shifts, but experimental evidence is sparse, particularly for autumn responses. A 4 year field experiment exposed four deciduous forest species from contrasting climates ( L iquidambar styraciflua, Q uercus rubra, P opulus grandidentata, and B etula alleghaniensis ) to air temperatures 2 and 4 °C above ambient controls, using temperature‐controlled open top chambers. Impacts of year‐round warming on bud burst ( BB ), senescence, and abscission were evaluated in relation to thermal provenance. Leaves emerged earlier in all species by an average of 4–9 days at +2 °C and 6–14 days at +4 °C. Magnitude of advance varied with species and year, but was larger for the first 2 °C increment than for the second. Effect of warming increased with early BB , favoring L iquidambar , but even BB of northern species advanced, despite temperatures exceeding those of the realized niche. Treatment differences in BB were inadequately explained by temperature sums alone. In autumn, chlorophyll was retained an average of 4 and 7 days longer in +2 and +4 °C treatments, respectively, and abscission delayed by 8 and 13 days. Growing seasons in the warmer atmospheres averaged 5–18 days (E2) and 6–28 days (E4) longer, according to species, with the least impact in Q uercus . Results are compared with a 16 years record of canopy onset and offset in a nearby upland deciduous forest, where BB showed similar responsiveness to spring temperatures (2–4 days °C −1 ). Offset dates in the stand tracked August–September temperatures, except when late summer drought caused premature senescence. The common garden‐like experiment provides evidence that warming alone extends the growing season, at both ends, even if stand‐level impacts may be complicated by variation in other environmental factors.

Russian wheat aphids ( Diuraphis noxia ) in China: native range expansion or recent introduction? - B. ZHANG; O. R. EDWARDS; L. KANG; S. J. FULLER (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
In this study, we explore the population genetics of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) ( Diuraphis noxia ), one of the world’s most invasive agricultural pests, in north‐western China. We have analysed the data of 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequences from 27 populations sampled over 2 years in China. The results confirm that the RWAs are holocyclic in China with high genetic diversity indicating widespread sexual reproduction. Distinct differences in microsatellite genetic diversity and distribution revealed clear geographic isolation between RWA populations in northern and southern Xinjiang, China, with gene flow interrupted across extensive desert regions. Despite frequent grain transportation from north to south in this region, little evidence for RWA translocation as a result of human agricultural activities was found. Consequently, frequent gene flow among northern populations most likely resulted from natural dispersal, potentially facilitated by wind currents. We also found evidence for the long‐term existence and expansion of RWAs in China, despite local opinion that it is an exotic species only present in China since 1975. Our estimated date of RWA expansion throughout China coincides with the debut of wheat domestication and cultivation practices in western Asia in the Holocene. We conclude that western China represents the limit of the far eastern native range of this species. This study is the most comprehensive molecular genetic investigation of the RWA in its native range undertaken to date and provides valuable insights into the history of the association of this aphid with domesticated cereals and wild grasses.

Assessing trophic position from nitrogen isotope ratios: effective calibration against spatially varying baselines - Paul Woodcock; David P. Edwards; Rob J. Newton; Felicity A. Edwards; Chey Vun Khen; Simon H. Bottrell; Keith C. Hamer (The Science of Nature, 2012)

Population estimates of Alfred mantas (Manta alfredi) in central Maldives atolls: North Male, Ari and Baa - Anne-Marie Kitchen-Wheeler; Csilla Ari; Alasdair J. Edwards (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2012)

Plasma folate, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and colorectal cancer risk in three large nested case–control studies - Jung Eun Lee; Esther K. Wei; Charles S. Fuchs; David J. Hunter; I-Min Lee; Jacob Selhub; Meir J. Stampfer; Walter C. Willett; Jing Ma; Edward Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

Monitoring the effects of Rodolia cardinalis on Icerya purchasi populations on the Galapagos Islands - Carolina Calderón Alvarez; Charlotte E. Causton; Mark S. Hoddle; Christina D. Hoddle; Roy van Driesche; Edward J. Stanek (BioControl, 2012)

Transcriptomic alterations induced by Ochratoxin A in rat and human renal proximal tubular in vitro models and comparison to a rat in vivo model - Paul Jennings; Christina Weiland; Alice Limonciel; Katarzyna M. Bloch; Robert Radford; Lydia Aschauer; Tara McMorrow; Anja Wilmes; Walter Pfaller; Hans J. Ahr; Craig Slattery; Edward A. Lock; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2012)

Using a mandible accelerometer to study fine‐scale foraging behavior of free‐ranging Antarctic fur seals - Takashi Iwata; Kentaro Q. Sakamoto; Akinori Takahashi; Ewan W. J. Edwards; Iain J. Staniland; Philip N. Trathan; Yasuhiko Naito (Marine Mammal Science, 2012)

Soil C erosion and burial in cropland - A. J. VandenBygaart; DAVID Kroetsch; EDWARD G. Gregorich; DAVID Lobb (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Erosion influences the lateral and vertical distribution of soil in agricultural landscapes. A better understanding of the effects of erosion and redistribution on soil organic carbon ( C ) within croplands would improve our knowledge of how management practices may affect global C dynamics. In this study, the vertical and lateral distribution of soil organic C was characterized to evaluate the amounts and timescales of soil organic C movement, deposition and burial over the last 50 years in different agroecosystems across C anada. There was strong evidence that a substantial portion of eroded sediment and soil organic C was deposited as colluvium close to its source area, thereby burying the original topsoil. The deepest aggraded profile was in a potato field and contained over 70 cm of deposited soil indicating an accumulation rate of 152 Mg ha yr −1 ; aggraded profiles in other sites had soil deposition rates of 40–90 Mg ha −1 yr −1 . The largest stock of soil organic C was 463 Mg ha −1 (to 60 cm depth) and soil C deposition ranged from about 2 to 4 Mg ha −1 yr −1 across all sites. A distinct feature observed in the aggraded profiles at every site was the presence of a large increase in soil organic C concentration near the bottom of the A horizon; the concentration of this C was greater than that at the soil surface. Compared to aggraded profiles, the SOC concentration in eroded profiles did not differ with depth, suggesting that dynamic replacement of soil organic C had occurred in eroded soils. A large amount of soil organic C is buried in depositional areas of C anadian croplands; mineralization of this stock of C appears to have been constrained since burial, but it may be vulnerable to future loss by management practices, land use change and a warming climate.

Preliminary Efforts Directed Toward the Detection of Craving of Illicit Substances: The iHeal Project - Edward W. Boyer; Rich Fletcher; Richard J. Fay; David Smelson; Douglas Ziedonis; Rosalind W. Picard (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2012)

Coastal community resilience: analysis of resilient elements in 3 districts of Tamil Nadu State, India - Sushma Guleria; J. K. Patterson Edward (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2012)

Frontogenesis and Frontal Progression of a Trapping-Generated Estuarine Convergence Front and Its Influence on Mixing and Stratification - Sarah N. Giddings; Derek A. Fong; Stephen G. Monismith; C. Chris Chickadel; Kathleen A. Edwards; William J. Plant; Bing Wang; Oliver B. Fringer; Alexander R. Horner-Devine; Andrew T. Jessup (Estuaries and Coasts, 2012)

Hydraulic conductivity profiling with direct push methods - Gaisheng Liu; James J. Butler; Edward Reboulet; Steven Knobbe (Grundwasser, 2012)

Endogenous tissue engineering: PTH therapy for skeletal repair - Masahiko Takahata; Hani A. Awad; Regis J. O’Keefe; Susan V. Bukata; Edward M. Schwarz (Cell and Tissue Research, 2012)

Sequencing wheat chromosome arm 7BS delimits the 7BS/4AL translocation and reveals homoeologous gene conservation - Paul J. Berkman; Adam Skarshewski; Sahana Manoli; Michał T. Lorenc; Jiri Stiller; Lars Smits; Kaitao Lai; Emma Campbell; Marie Kubaláková; Hana Šimková; Jacqueline Batley; Jaroslav Doležel; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2012)

Canine epilepsy genetics - Kari J. Ekenstedt; Edward E. Patterson; James R. Mickelson (Mammalian Genome, 2012)

Meta-analysis of new genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer risk - Ulrike Peters; Carolyn M. Hutter; Li Hsu; Fredrick R. Schumacher; David V. Conti; Christopher S. Carlson; Christopher K. Edlund; Robert W. Haile; Steven Gallinger; Brent W. Zanke; Mathieu Lemire; Jagadish Rangrej; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Seasonal diet changes in elephant and impala in mopane woodland - Martine Kos; Arno J. Hoetmer; Yolanda Pretorius; Willem Frederik de Boer; Henjo de Knegt; C. C. Grant; Edward Kohi; Bruce Page; Mike Peel; Rob Slotow; Cornelis van der Waal; Sipke E. van Wieren; et al. (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2012)

Effect of cold acclimatization on exercise economy in the cold - Matthew D. Muller; Chul-Ho Kim; David M. Bellar; Edward J. Ryan; Yongsuk Seo; Sarah M. Muller; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012)

Development and characterization of transgenic mouse models for conditional gene knockout in the blood–brain and blood-CSF barriers - Matthew H. Crouthamel; Edward J. Kelly; Rodney J. Y. Ho (Transgenic Research, 2012)

Characterisation of MHC haplotypes in a breeding colony of Indonesian cynomolgus macaques reveals a high level of diversity - Jane L. Mitchell; Edward T. Mee; Neil M. Almond; Keith Cutler; Nicola J. Rose (Immunogenetics, 2012)

Genetic diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus - Claudia Husseneder; Dawn M. Simms; Jennifer R. Delatte; Changlu Wang; J. Kenneth Grace; Edward L. Vargo (Biological Invasions, 2012)

Concentrated flow paths in riparian buffer zones of southern Illinois - R. C. Pankau; J. E. Schoonover; K. W. J. Williard; P. J. Edwards (Agroforestry Systems, 2012)

Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non‐native plant species in mountains around the world - Tim Seipel; Christoph Kueffer; Lisa J. Rew; Curtis C. Daehler; Aníbal Pauchard; Bridgett J. Naylor; Jake M. Alexander; Peter J. Edwards; Catherine G. Parks; José Ramon Arevalo; Lohengrin A. Cavieres; Hansjörg Dietz; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2012)
Aim To investigate how species richness and similarity of non‐native plants varies along gradients of elevation and human disturbance. Location Eight mountain regions on four continents and two oceanic islands. Methods We compared the distribution of non‐native plant species along roads in eight mountainous regions. Within each region, abundance of plant species was recorded at 41–84 sites along elevational gradients using 100‐m 2 plots located 0, 25 and 75 m from roadsides. We used mixed‐effects models to examine how local variation in species richness and similarity were affected by processes at three scales: among regions (global), along elevational gradients (regional) and with distance from the road (local). We used model selection and information criteria to choose best‐fit models of species richness along elevational gradients. We performed a hierarchical clustering of similarity to investigate human‐related factors and environmental filtering as potential drivers at the global scale. Results Species richness and similarity of non‐native plant species along elevational gradients were strongly influenced by factors operating at scales ranging from 100 m to 1000s of km. Non‐native species richness was highest in the New World regions, reflecting the effects of colonization from Europe. Similarity among regions was low and due mainly to certain Eurasian species, mostly native to temperate Europe, occurring in all New World regions. Elevation and distance from the road explained little of the variation in similarity. The elevational distribution of non‐native species richness varied, but was always greatest in the lower third of the range. In all regions, non‐native species richness declined away from roadsides. In three regions, this decline was steeper at higher elevations, and there was an interaction between distance and elevation. Main conclusions Because non‐native plant species are affected by processes operating at global, regional and local scales, a multi‐scale perspective is needed to understand their patterns of distribution. The processes involved include global dispersal, filtering along elevational gradients and differential establishment with distance from roadsides.

Nitrogen source and p CO 2 synergistically affect carbon allocation, growth and morphology of the coccolithophore E miliania huxleyi : potential implications of ocean acidification for the carbon cycle - Stephane C. Lefebvre; Ina Benner; Jonathon H. Stillman; Alexander E. Parker; Michelle K. Drake; Pascale E. Rossignol; Kristine M. Okimura; Tomoko Komada; Edward J. Carpenter (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Coccolithophores are unicellular phytoplankton that produce calcium carbonate coccoliths as an exoskeleton. E miliania huxleyi , the most abundant coccolithophore in the world's ocean, plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by regulating the exchange of CO 2 across the ocean‐atmosphere interface through photosynthesis and calcium carbonate precipitation. As CO 2 concentration is rising in the atmosphere, the ocean is acidifying and ammonium ( NH 4 + ) concentration of future ocean water is expected to rise. The latter is attributed to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen ( N ) deposition, increasing rates of cyanobacterial N 2 fixation due to warmer and more stratified oceans, and decreased rates of nitrification due to ocean acidification. Thus, future global climate change will cause oceanic phytoplankton to experience changes in multiple environmental parameters including CO 2 , pH , temperature and nitrogen source. This study reports on the combined effect of elevated p CO 2 and increased NH 4 + to nitrate ( NO 3 − ) ratio ( NH 4 + / NO 3 − ) on E . huxleyi, maintained in continuous cultures for more than 200 generations under two p CO 2 levels and two different N sources. Herein, we show that NH 4 + assimilation under N ‐replete conditions depresses calcification at both low and high p CO 2 , alters coccolith morphology, and increases primary production. We observed that N source and p CO 2 synergistically drive growth rates, cell size, and the ratio of inorganic to organic carbon. These responses to N source suggest that, compared to increasing CO 2 alone, a greater disruption of the organic carbon pump could be expected in response to the combined effect of increased NH 4 + / NO 3 − ratio and CO 2 level in the future acidified ocean. Additional experiments conducted under lower nutrient conditions are needed prior to extrapolating our findings to the global oceans. Nonetheless, our results emphasize the need to assess combined effects of multiple environmental parameters on phytoplankton biology to develop accurate predictions of phytoplankton responses to ocean acidification.

Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Binge Alcohol-Induced Neuronal Degeneration: Oxidative Stress Cascade Involving Aquaporin, Brain Edema, and Phospholipase A2 Activation - Michael A. Collins; Edward J. Neafsey (Neurotoxicity Research, 2012)

Machine vision-based localization of nucleic and cytoplasmic injection sites on low-contrast adherent cells - Hadi Esmaeilsabzali; Kelly Sakaki; Nikolai Dechev; Robert D. Burke; Edward J. Park (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2012)

Evaluation of Fluorescent Phosphatidylserine Substrates for the Aminophospholipid Flippase in Mammalian Cells - Bryan A. Smith; Edward J. O’Neil; Andrew J. Lampkins; James R. Johnson; Jung-Jae Lee; Erin L. Cole; Bradley D. Smith (Journal of Fluorescence, 2012)

Climatic Influences on Autochthonous and Allochthonous Phytoplankton Blooms in a Subtropical Estuary, St. Lucie Estuary, Florida, USA - Edward J. Phlips; Susan Badylak; Jane Hart; Daniel Haunert; Jean Lockwood; Kathyrn O’Donnell; Detong Sun; Paula Viveros; Mete Yilmaz (Estuaries and Coasts, 2012)

Effects of biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling in the U nited S tates and C anada - Jeffrey A. Hicke; Craig D. Allen; Ankur R. Desai; Michael C. Dietze; Ronald J. Hall; Edward H. (Ted) Hogg; Daniel M. Kashian; David Moore; Kenneth F. Raffa; Rona N. Sturrock; James Vogelmann (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Forest insects and pathogens are major disturbance agents that have affected millions of hectares in N orth A merica in recent decades, implying significant impacts to the carbon ( C ) cycle. Here, we review and synthesize published studies of the effects of biotic disturbances on forest C cycling in the U nited S tates and C anada. Primary productivity in stands was reduced, sometimes considerably, immediately following insect or pathogen attack. After repeated growth reductions caused by some insects or pathogens or a single infestation by some bark beetle species, tree mortality occurred, altering productivity and decomposition. In the years following disturbance, primary productivity in some cases increased rapidly as a result of enhanced growth by surviving vegetation, and in other cases increased slowly because of lower forest regrowth. In the decades following tree mortality, decomposition increased as a result of the large amount of dead organic matter. Net ecosystem productivity decreased immediately following attack, with some studies reporting a switch to a C source to the atmosphere, and increased afterward as the forest regrew and dead organic matter decomposed. Large variability in C cycle responses arose from several factors, including type of insect or pathogen, time since disturbance, number of trees affected, and capacity of remaining vegetation to increase growth rates following outbreak. We identified significant knowledge gaps, including limited understanding of carbon cycle impacts among different biotic disturbance types (particularly pathogens), their impacts at landscape and regional scales, and limited capacity to predict disturbance events and their consequences for carbon cycling. We conclude that biotic disturbances can have major impacts on forest C stocks and fluxes and can be large enough to affect regional C cycling. However, additional research is needed to reduce the uncertainties associated with quantifying biotic disturbance effects on the N orth A merican C budget.

Phage–bacteria relationships and CRISPR elements revealed by a metagenomic survey of the rumen microbiome - Margret E. Berg Miller; Carl J. Yeoman; Nicholas Chia; Susannah G. Tringe; Florent E. Angly; Robert A. Edwards; Harry J. Flint; Raphael Lamed; Edward A. Bayer; Bryan A. White (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and play an important role in balancing microbes within an ecosystem and facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Although bacteriophages are abundant in rumen environments, little is known about the types of viruses present or their interaction with the rumen microbiome. We undertook random pyrosequencing of virus‐enriched metagenomes (viromes) isolated from bovine rumen fluid and analysed the resulting data using comparative metagenomics. A high level of diversity was observed with up to 28 000 different viral genotypes obtained from each environment. The majority (∼78%) of sequences did not match any previously described virus. Prophages outnumbered lytic phages approximately 2:1 with the most abundant bacteriophage and prophage types being associated with members of the dominant rumen phyla ( Firmicutes and Proteobacteria ). Metabolic profiling based on SEED subsystems revealed an enrichment of sequences with putative functional roles in DNA and protein metabolism, but a surprisingly low proportion of sequences assigned to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We expanded our analysis to include previously described metagenomic data and 14 reference genomes. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) were detected in most of the microbial genomes, suggesting previous interactions between viral and microbial communities.

Microbial metatranscriptomics in a permanent marine oxygen minimum zone - Frank J. Stewart; Osvaldo Ulloa; Edward F. DeLong (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Simultaneous characterization of taxonomic composition, metabolic gene content and gene expression in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) has potential to broaden perspectives on the microbial and biogeochemical dynamics in these environments. Here, we present a metatranscriptomic survey of microbial community metabolism in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific OMZ off northern Chile. Community RNA was sampled in late austral autumn from four depths (50, 85, 110, 200 m) extending across the oxycline and into the upper OMZ. Shotgun pyrosequencing of cDNA yielded 180 000 to 550 000 transcript sequences per depth. Based on functional gene representation, transcriptome samples clustered apart from corresponding metagenome samples from the same depth, highlighting the discrepancies between metabolic potential and actual transcription. BLAST‐based characterizations of non‐ribosomal RNA sequences revealed a dominance of genes involved with both oxidative (nitrification) and reductive (anammox, denitrification) components of the marine nitrogen cycle. Using annotations of protein‐coding genes as proxies for taxonomic affiliation, we observed depth‐specific changes in gene expression by key functional taxonomic groups. Notably, transcripts most closely matching the genome of the ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus dominated the transcriptome in the upper three depths, representing one in five protein‐coding transcripts at 85 m. In contrast, transcripts matching the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis dominated at the core of the OMZ (200 m; 1 in 12 protein‐coding transcripts). The distribution of N. maritimus ‐like transcripts paralleled that of transcripts matching ammonia monooxygenase genes, which, despite being represented by both bacterial and archaeal sequences in the community DNA, were dominated (> 99%) by archaeal sequences in the RNA, suggesting a substantial role for archaeal nitrification in the upper OMZ. These data, as well as those describing other key OMZ metabolic processes (e.g. sulfur oxidation), highlight gene‐specific expression patterns in the context of the entire community transcriptome, as well as identify key functional groups for taxon‐specific genomic profiling.

Migratory flyway and geographical distance are barriers to the gene flow of influenza virus among North American birds - Tommy Tsan‐Yuk Lam; Hon S. Ip; Elodie Ghedin; David E. Wentworth; Rebecca A. Halpin; Timothy B. Stockwell; David J. Spiro; Robert J. Dusek; James B. Bortner; Jenny Hoskins; Bradley D. Bales; Dan R. Yparraguirre; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2012)
Ecology Letters (2011) 14 : 24–33 Abstract Despite the importance of migratory birds in the ecology and evolution of avian influenza virus (AIV), there is a lack of information on the patterns of AIV spread at the intra‐continental scale. We applied a variety of statistical phylogeographic techniques to a plethora of viral genome sequence data to determine the strength, pattern and determinants of gene flow in AIV sampled from wild birds in North America. These analyses revealed a clear isolation‐by‐distance of AIV among sampling localities. In addition, we show that phylogeographic models incorporating information on the avian flyway of sampling proved a better fit to the observed sequence data than those specifying homogeneous or random rates of gene flow among localities. In sum, these data strongly suggest that the intra‐continental spread of AIV by migratory birds is subject to major ecological barriers, including spatial distance and avian flyway.

Linear-motion tattoo machine and prefabricated needle sets for the delivery of plant viruses by vascular puncture inoculation - John J. Weiland; Michael C. Edwards (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011)

Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in prostate cancer - Isabelle M. Berquin; Iris J. Edwards; Steven J. Kridel; Yong Q. Chen (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2011)

Influence of insects and fungal pathogens on individual and population parameters of Cirsium arvense in its native and introduced ranges - Michael G. Cripps; Graeme W. Bourdôt; David J. Saville; Hariet L. Hinz; Simon V. Fowler; Grant R. Edwards (Biological Invasions, 2011)

Muller’s Nobel lecture on dose–response for ionizing radiation: ideology or science? - Edward J. Calabrese (Archives of Toxicology, 2011)

The effect of landscape heterogeneity and host movement on a tick-borne pathogen - Edward O. Jones; Steven D. Webb; Francisco J. Ruiz-Fons; Steven Albon; Lucy Gilbert (Theoretical Ecology, 2011)

Alcohol impairs brain reactivity to explicit loss feedback - Lindsay D. Nelson; Christopher J. Patrick; Paul Collins; Alan R. Lang; Edward M. Bernat (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Temporal and spatial variation in the δ15N and δ13C values of fish and squid from Alaskan waters - Carolyn M. Kurle; Elizabeth H. Sinclair; Ann E. Edwards; Carolyn J. Gudmundson (Marine Biology, 2011)

Potentials and limitations of Coastal Web Atlases - Elizabeth K. O’Dea; Edward Dwyer; Valerie Cummins; Dawn J. Wright (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2011)

Hybridisation of Australian chickpea cultivars with wild Cicer spp. increases resistance to root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus) - John P. Thompson; Roslyn A. Reen; Timothy G. Clewett; Jason G. Sheedy; Alison M. Kelly; Beverley J. Gogel; Edward J. Knights (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2011)

Advances in winter pulse pathology research in Australia - Moin U. Salam; Jennifer A. Davidson; Geoff J. Thomas; Rebecca Ford; Roger A. C. Jones; Kurt D. Lindbeck; William J. MacLeod; Rohan B. E. Kimber; Jean Galloway; Nitin Mantri; Joop A. G. van Leur; Brenda A. Coutts; et al. (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2011)

Problematic but promising ponds? Palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland - Kevin J. Edwards; J. Edward Schofield; Jason R. Kirby; Gordon T. Cook (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2011)
Pollen‐ and related proxy‐based studies of human–environment interactions during the Norse and later periods within Greenland have primarily involved the investigation of peat, lake and soil deposits, all of which have taphonomic and sampling problems. Many small ponds exist, but they seem to have been relatively ignored in investigations of palaeoecologically based environmental history. To evaluate their usefulness for studies of ecologically related cultural history, especially where sites are in intimate association with the archaeology, a pond in the Norse Eastern Settlement has been examined to investigate three principal questions: (i) Does such a site contain a useful record of environmental history? (ii) Does it offer a record of sufficient resolution and sensitivity for the study of anthropogenic landscape impacts? (iii) Are there any apparent drawbacks to these sequences? Using data obtained from palynological, diatom, sedimentological and radiocarbon analyses, it is concluded that environmental data for each proxy – aside from 14 C dating – are clearly capable of being explained in a reasonably straightforward and compatible manner and fulfil the hopes for the sampling medium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

BMP4 loss-of-function mutations in developmental eye disorders including SHORT syndrome - Linda M. Reis; Rebecca C. Tyler; Kala F. Schilter; Omar Abdul-Rahman; Jeffrey W. Innis; Beth A. Kozel; Adele S. Schneider; Tanya M. Bardakjian; Edward J. Lose; Donna M. Martin; Ulrich Broeckel; Elena V. Semina (Human Genetics, 2011)

Characterisation of Mhc class I and class II DRB polymorphism in red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus) - Edward T. Mee; James Greenhow; Nicola J. Rose (Immunogenetics, 2011)

Antioxidant and NF-κB inhibitory constituents isolated from Morchella esculenta - Jeong-Ah Kim; Edward Lau; David Tay; Esperanza J. Carcache De Blanco (Natural Product Research, 2011)

Resistance to the Translation Initiation Inhibitor Silvestrol is Mediated by ABCB1/P-Glycoprotein Overexpression in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells - Sneha V. Gupta; Ellen J. Sass; Melanie E. Davis; Ryan B. Edwards; Gerard Lozanski; Nyla A. Heerema; Amy Lehman; Xiaoli Zhang; David Jarjoura; John C. Byrd; Li Pan; Kenneth K. Chan; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2011)

Forced and unforced variability of twentieth century North American droughts and pluvials - Benjamin I. Cook; Edward R. Cook; Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Richard Seager; Ron L. Miller (Climate Dynamics, 2011)

Influence of ley duration on the yield and quality of the subsequent cereal crop (spring oats) in an organically managed long-term crop rotation experiment - C. A. Watson; J. A. Baddeley; A. C. Edwards; R. M. Rees; R. L. Walker; C. F. E. Topp (Organic Agriculture, 2011)

Packera insulae-regalis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species endemic to Isle Royale, Michigan, U.S.A. - Robert R. Kowal; Emmet J. Judziewicz; Joan Edwards (Brittonia, 2011)

Turn designation, sampling rate and the misidentification of power laws in movement path data using maximum likelihood estimates - Edward A. Codling; Michael J. Plank (Theoretical Ecology, 2011)

Relative larval loss among females during dispersal of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) - Thuy Yen Duong; Kim T. Scribner; James A. Crossman; Patrick S. Forsythe; Edward A. Baker; Jeannette Kanefsky; Jared J. Homola; Christin Davis (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2011)

Enhanced production of single copy backbone-free transgenic plants in multiple crop species using binary vectors with a pRi replication origin in Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Xudong Ye; Edward J. Williams; Junjiang Shen; Susan Johnson; Brenda Lowe; Sharon Radke; Steve Strickland; James A. Esser; Michael W. Petersen; Larry A. Gilbertson (Transgenic Research, 2011)

Recognizing Contemporary Roles of Swidden Agriculture in Transforming Landscapes of Southeast Asia - ALAN D. ZIEGLER; JEFF M. FOX; EDWARD L. WEBB; CHRISTINE PADOCH; STEVE J. LEISZ; ROB A. CRAMB; OLE MERTZ; THILDE B. BRUUN; TRAN DUC VIEN (Conservation Biology, 2011)

High frequency variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation - B. Balan Sarojini; J. M. Gregory; R. Tailleux; G. R. Bigg; A. T. Blaker; D. R. Cameron; N. R. Edwards; A. P. Megann; L. C. Shaffrey; B. Sinha (Ocean Science, 2011)
We compare the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) as simulated by the coupled climate models of the RAPID project, which cover a wide range of resolution and complexity, and observed by the RAPID/MOCHA array at about 26° N. We analyse variability on a range of timescales, from five-daily to interannual. In models of all resolutions there is substantial variability on timescales of a few days; in most AOGCMs the amplitude of the variability is of somewhat larger magnitude than that observed by the RAPID array, while the time-mean is within about 10 % of the observational estimate. The amplitude of the simulated annual cycle is similar to observations, but the shape of the annual cycle shows a spread among the models. A dynamical decomposition shows that in the models, as in observations, the AMOC is predominantly geostrophic (driven by pressure and sea-level gradients), with both geostrophic and Ekman contributions to variability, the latter being exaggerated and the former underrepresented in models. Other ageostrophic terms, neglected in the observational estimate, are small but not negligible. The time-mean of the western boundary current near the latitude of the RAPID/MOCHA array has a much wider model spread than the AMOC does, indicating large differences among models in the simulation of the wind-driven gyre circulation, and its variability is unrealistically small in the models. In many RAPID models and in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3), interannual variability of the maximum of the AMOC wherever it lies, which is a commonly used model index, is similar to interannual variability in the AMOC at 26° N. Annual volume and heat transport timeseries at the same latitude are well-correlated within 15–45° N, indicating the climatic importance of the AMOC. In the RAPID and CMIP3 models, we show that the AMOC is correlated over considerable distances in latitude, but not the whole extent of the North Atlantic; consequently interannual variability of the AMOC at 50° N, where it is particularly relevant to European climate, is not well-correlated with that of the AMOC at 26° N, where it is monitored by the RAPID/MOCHA array.

3D spinal motion analysis during staircase walking using an ambulatory inertial and magnetic sensing system - Jung Keun Lee; Edward J. Park (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2011)

Mood and selective attention in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise - Matthew D. Muller; Sarah M. Muller; Chul-Ho Kim; Edward J. Ryan; John Gunstad; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)

The Mid‐Brunhes Event and West Antarctic ice sheet stability - P. B. Holden; N. R. Edwards; E. W. Wolff; P. J. Valdes; J. S. Singarayer (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2011)
The complex cyclical nature of Pleistocene climate, driven by the evolving orbital configuration of the Earth, is well known but not well understood. A major climatic transition took place at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE), ca. 430 ka ago after which the amplitude of the ca.100 ka climate oscillations increased, with substantially warmer interglacials, including periods warmer than present. Recent modelling has indicated that while the timing of these warmer‐than‐present transient (WPT) events is consistent with southern warming due to a deglaciation‐forced slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the magnitude of warming requires a local amplification, for which a candidate is the feedback of significant West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) retreat. We here extend this argument, based on the absence of WPTs in the early ice core record (450–800 ka ago), to hypothesize that the MBE could be a manifestation of decreased WAIS stability, triggered by ongoing subglacial erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fluorine-free mixed amphiphilic polymers based on PDMS and PEG side chains for fouling release applications - Harihara S. Sundaram; Youngjin Cho; Michael D. Dimitriou; Craig J. Weinman; John A. Finlay; Gemma Cone; Maureen E. Callow; James A. Callow; Edward J. Kramer; Christopher K. Ober (Biofouling, 2011)

Sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand: effects on dizocilpine and scopolamine-induced attentional impairments in female Sprague–Dawley rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Marty Cauley; Hannah Sexton; Yingxian Xiao; Milton L. Brown; Mikell A. Paige; Brian E. McDowell; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Quasi real-time gait event detection using shank-attached gyroscopes - Jung Keun Lee; Edward J. Park (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2011)

Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Emiliania huxleyi, a Marine Phytoplankton Species of Major Biogeochemical Importance - Bethan M. Jones; Richard J. Edwards; Paul J. Skipp; C. David O’Connor; M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez (Marine Biotechnology, 2011)

Determining the viability of marine protists using a combination of vital, fluorescent stains - Mia K. Steinberg; Edward J. Lemieux; Lisa A. Drake (Marine Biology, 2011)

Mitochondrial genome sequence of Unionicola parkeri (Acari: Trombidiformes: Unionicolidae): molecular synapomorphies between closely-related Unionicola gill mites - Dale D. Edwards; Lesley E. Jackson; Amy J. Johnson; Brian R. Ernsting (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2011)

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise - Matthew D. Muller; Sarah M. Muller; Edward J. Ryan; David M. Bellar; Chul-Ho Kim; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)

Repurposing climate reconstructions for drought prediction in Southeast Asia - Andrew R. Bell; Benjamin I. Cook; Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Brendan M. Buckley; Edward R. Cook (Climatic Change, 2011)

Grazing impacts and woodland management in Eriksfjord: Betula, coprophilous fungi and the Norse settlement of Greenland - J. Edward Schofield; Kevin J. Edwards (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2011)

T cell recognition of weak ligands: roles of signaling, receptor number, and affinity - Lindsay J. Edwards; Brian D. Evavold (Immunologic Research, 2011)

“Dead Zone” dynamics in Lake Erie: the importance of weather and sampling intensity for calculated hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rates - Joseph D. Conroy; Leon Boegman; Hongyan Zhang; William J. Edwards; David A. Culver (Aquatic Sciences, 2011)

Gene identification in black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.): expressed sequence tag profiling and genetic screening yields candidate genes for production of bioactive secondary metabolites - Martin J. Spiering; Lori A. Urban; Donald L. Nuss; Vivek Gopalan; Arlin Stoltzfus; Edward Eisenstein (Plant Cell Reports, 2011)

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profile of an insecticidal compound of Trochus radiatus and assessment of mucus-associated bacterial extracts - Mary Elizabeth K. Gnanambal; K. C. Ramya Devi; P. Hareesh Chandra; Edward J. K. Patterson (Phytoparasitica, 2011)

Large herbivores may alter vegetation structure of semi-arid savannas through soil nutrient mediation - Cornelis van der Waal; Ada Kool; Seline S. Meijer; Edward Kohi; Ignas M. A. Heitkönig; Willem F. de Boer; Frank van Langevelde; Rina C. Grant; Mike J. S. Peel; Rob Slotow; Henrik J. de Knegt; Herbert H. T. Prins; et al. (Oecologia, 2011)

Microgravity assay of neuroblastoma: in vitro aggregation kinetics and organoid morphology correlate with MYCN expression - Robert A. Redden; Edward J. Doolin (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2011)

Motivation and movement: the effect of monetary incentive on performance speed - Pablo Mir; Iris Trender-Gerhard; Mark J. Edwards; Susanne A. Schneider; Kailash P. Bhatia; Marjan Jahanshahi (Experimental Brain Research, 2011)

Cancer survival among Latinos and the Hispanic Paradox - Paulo S. Pinheiro; Melanie Williams; Eric A. Miller; Stephanie Easterday; Sheniz Moonie; Edward J. Trapido (Cancer Causes & Control, 2011)

Assessing the complex architecture of polygenic traits in diverged yeast populations - FRANCISCO A. CUBILLOS; ELEONORA BILLI; ENIKÖ ZÖRGÖ; LEOPOLD PARTS; PATRICK FARGIER; STIG OMHOLT; ANDERS BLOMBERG; JONAS WARRINGER; EDWARD J. LOUIS; GIANNI LITI (Molecular Ecology, 2011)
Phenotypic variation arising from populations adapting to different niches has a complex underlying genetic architecture. A major challenge in modern biology is to identify the causative variants driving phenotypic variation. Recently, the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has emerged as a powerful model for dissecting complex traits. However, past studies using a laboratory strain were unable to reveal the complete architecture of polygenic traits. Here, we present a linkage study using 576 recombinant strains obtained from crosses of isolates representative of the major lineages. The meiotic recombinational landscape appears largely conserved between populations; however, strain‐specific hotspots were also detected. Quantitative measurements of growth in 23 distinct ecologically relevant environments show that our recombinant population recapitulates most of the standing phenotypic variation described in the species. Linkage analysis detected an average of 6.3 distinct QTLs for each condition tested in all crosses, explaining on average 39% of the phenotypic variation. The QTLs detected are not constrained to a small number of loci, and the majority are specific to a single cross‐combination and to a specific environment. Moreover, crosses between strains of similar phenotypes generate greater variation in the offspring, suggesting the presence of many antagonistic alleles and epistatic interactions. We found that subtelomeric regions play a key role in defining individual quantitative variation, emphasizing the importance of the adaptive nature of these regions in natural populations. This set of recombinant strains is a powerful tool for investigating the complex architecture of polygenic traits.

Macroscale factors affecting diatom abundance: a synergistic use of Continuous Plankton Recorder and satellite remote sensing data - Dionysios E. Raitsos; Samantha J. Lavender; Christos D. Maravelias; John Haralabous; Abigail McQuatters-Gollop; Martin Edwards; Philip C. Reid (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)

A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and scatterometer satellite data - James L. Foster; Dorothy K. Hall; John B. Eylander; George A. Riggs; Son V. Nghiem; Marco Tedesco; Edward Kim; Paul M. Montesano; Richard E. J. Kelly; Kimberly A. Casey; Bhaskar Choudhury (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)

Identification of histones as endogenous antibiotics in fish and quantification in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin and gill - Edward J. Noga; Paul J. Borron; Jeffrey Hinshaw; William C. Gordon; Linda J. Gordon; Jung-Kil Seo (Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2011)

Cerebellar brain inhibition is decreased in active and surround muscles at the onset of voluntary movement - Panagiotis Kassavetis; Britt S. Hoffland; Tabish A. Saifee; Kailash P. Bhatia; Bart P. van de Warrenburg; John C. Rothwell; Mark J. Edwards (Experimental Brain Research, 2011)

The basketweave form of the Z-band is expanded relative to the small-square form - Robert J. Perz-Edwards (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2011)

Feasibility of Spectroscopic Characterization of Algal Lipids: Chemometric Correlation of NIR and FTIR Spectra with Exogenous Lipids in Algal Biomass - Lieve M. L. Laurens; Edward J. Wolfrum (BioEnergy Research, 2011)

The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida - Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Robert R. Twilley; Stephen E. Davis; Daniel L. Childers; Marc Simard; Randolph Chambers; Rudolf Jaffe; Joseph N. Boyer; David T. Rudnick; Keqi Zhang; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Sharon M. L. Ewe; et al. (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Impact of polymorphism of the regulatory subunit of the μ-calpain (CAPN1S) on the proteolysis process and meat tenderness of young cattle - Agnieszka Iwanowska; Bożena Grześ; Beata Mikołajczak; Ewa Iwańska; Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak; Stanisław J. Rosochacki; Edward Pospiech (Molecular Biology Reports, 2011)

Monitoring seasonal bat activity on a coastal barrier island in Maryland, USA - Joshua B. Johnson; J. Edward Gates; Nicolas P. Zegre (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011)

A new attachment device for deployment of monitoring equipment in estuaries and other high-energy environments - Lance W. Riley; Nicole Dix; Edward J. Phlips (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011)

Distribution, growth performance and genetic variation of Erigeron annuus in the Swiss Alps - Miluse Trtikova; Sabine Güsewell; Matthias Baltisberger; Peter J. Edwards (Biological Invasions, 2011)

Presence of a polyA tail at the 3’ end of maize rayado fino virus RNA - Michael C. Edwards; John J. Weiland (Archives of Virology, 2011)

Coordinated approaches to quantify long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change - YIQI LUO; JERRY MELILLO; SHULI NIU; CLAUS BEIER; JAMES S. CLARK; AIMÉE T. CLASSEN; ERIC DAVIDSON; JEFFREY S. DUKES; R. DAVE EVANS; CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD; CLAUDIA I. CZIMCZIK; MICHAEL KELLER; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2011)
Many serious ecosystem consequences of climate change will take decades or even centuries to emerge. Long‐term ecological responses to global change are strongly regulated by slow processes, such as changes in species composition, carbon dynamics in soil and by long‐lived plants, and accumulation of nutrient capitals. Understanding and predicting these processes require experiments on decadal time scales. But decadal experiments by themselves may not be adequate because many of the slow processes have characteristic time scales much longer than experiments can be maintained. This article promotes a coordinated approach that combines long‐term, large‐scale global change experiments with process studies and modeling. Long‐term global change manipulative experiments, especially in high‐priority ecosystems such as tropical forests and high‐latitude regions, are essential to maximize information gain concerning future states of the earth system. The long‐term experiments should be conducted in tandem with complementary process studies, such as those using model ecosystems, species replacements, laboratory incubations, isotope tracers, and greenhouse facilities. Models are essential to assimilate data from long‐term experiments and process studies together with information from long‐term observations, surveys, and space‐for‐time studies along environmental and biological gradients. Future research programs with coordinated long‐term experiments, process studies, and modeling have the potential to be the most effective strategy to gain the best information on long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change.

Reserve design for uncertain responses of coral reefs to climate change - Peter J. Mumby; Ian A. Elliott; C. Mark Eakin; William Skirving; Claire B. Paris; Helen J. Edwards; Susana Enríquez; Roberto Iglesias‐Prieto; Laurent M. Cherubin; Jamie R. Stevens (Ecology Letters, 2011)
Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 132–140 Abstract Rising sea temperatures cause mass coral bleaching and threaten reefs worldwide. We show how maps of variations in thermal stress can be used to help manage reefs for climate change. We map proxies of chronic and acute thermal stress and develop evidence‐based hypotheses for the future response of corals to each stress regime. We then incorporate spatially realistic predictions of larval connectivity among reefs of the Bahamas and apply novel reserve design algorithms to create reserve networks for a changing climate. We show that scales of larval dispersal are large enough to connect reefs from desirable thermal stress regimes into a reserve network. Critically, we find that reserve designs differ according to the anticipated scope for phenotypic and genetic adaptation in corals, which remains uncertain. Attempts to provide a complete reserve design that hedged against different evolutionary outcomes achieved limited success, which emphasises the importance of considering the scope for adaptation explicitly. Nonetheless, 15% of reserve locations were selected under all evolutionary scenarios, making them a high priority for early designation. Our approach allows new insights into coral holobiont adaptation to be integrated directly into an adaptive approach to management.

Are the best dispersers the best colonizers? Seed mass, dispersal and establishment in Carduus thistles - Olav Skarpaas; Edward J. Silverman; Eelke Jongejans; Katriona Shea (Evolutionary Ecology, 2011)

Salinity and Chlorophyll a as Performance Measures to Rehabilitate a Mangrove-Dominated Deltaic Coastal Region: the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta–Pajarales Lagoon Complex, Colombia - Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Robert R. Twilley; J. Ernesto Mancera-Pineda; Christopher J. Madden; Ariel Alcantara-Eguren; E. Barry Moser; Bror F. Jonsson; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Oscar Casas-Monroy; Paola Reyes-Forero; Jorge Restrepo (Estuaries and Coasts, 2011)

Scaling an Instantaneous Model of Tundra NEE to the Arctic Landscape - Michael M. Loranty; Scott J. Goetz; Edward B. Rastetter; Adrian V. Rocha; Gaius R. Shaver; Elyn R. Humphreys; Peter M. Lafleur (Ecosystems, 2011)

Interval-counting neurons in the anuran auditory midbrain: factors underlying diversity of interval tuning - Gary J. Rose; Christopher J. Leary; Christofer J. Edwards (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2011)

Host migration impacts on the phylogeography of Lyme Borreliosis spirochaete species in Europe - Stephanie A. Vollmer; Antra Bormane; Ruth E. Dinnis; Frederik Seelig; Andrew D. M. Dobson; David M. Aanensen; Marianne C. James; Michael Donaghy; Sarah E. Randolph; Edward J. Feil; Klaus Kurtenbach; Gabriele Margos (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary The geographic patterns of transmission opportunities of vector‐borne zoonoses are determined by a complex interplay between the migration patterns of the host and the vector. Here we examine the impact of host migration on the spread of a tick‐borne zoonotic disease, using Lyme Borreliosis (LB) spirochaetal species in Europe. We demonstrate that the migration of the LB species is dependent on and limited by the migration of their respective hosts. We note that populations of Borrelia spp. associated with birds ( Borrelia garinii and B. valaisiana ) show limited geographic structuring between countries compared with those associated with small mammals ( Borrelia afzelii ), and we argue that this can be explained by higher rates of migration in avian hosts. We also show the presence of B. afzelii strains in England and, through the use of the multi‐locus sequence analysis scheme, reveal that the strains are highly structured. This pattern in English sites is very different from that observed at the continental sites, and we propose that these may be recent introductions.

The biology and ecology of the ocean sunfish Mola mola: a review of current knowledge and future research perspectives - Edward C. Pope; Graeme C. Hays; Tierney M. Thys; Thomas K. Doyle; David W. Sims; Nuno Queiroz; Victoria J. Hobson; Lukas Kubicek; Jonathan D. R. Houghton (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2010)

The role of bioclimatic origin, residence time and habitat context in shaping non-native plant distributions along an altitudinal gradient - Sylvia Haider; Jake Alexander; Hansjörg Dietz; Ludwig Trepl; Peter J. Edwards; Christoph Kueffer (Biological Invasions, 2010)

Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments - STEPHEN J. THACKERAY; TIMOTHY H. SPARKS; MORTEN FREDERIKSEN; SARAH BURTHE; PHILIP J. BACON; JAMES R. BELL; MARC S. BOTHAM; TOM M. BRERETON; PAUL W. BRIGHT; LAURENCE CARVALHO; TIM CLUTTON‐BROCK; ALISTAIR DAWSON; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2010)
Recent changes in the seasonal timing (phenology) of familiar biological events have been one of the most conspicuous signs of climate change. However, the lack of a standardized approach to analysing change has hampered assessment of consistency in such changes among different taxa and trophic levels and across freshwater, terrestrial and marine environments. We present a standardized assessment of 25 532 rates of phenological change for 726 UK terrestrial, freshwater and marine taxa. The majority of spring and summer events have advanced, and more rapidly than previously documented. Such consistency is indicative of shared large scale drivers. Furthermore, average rates of change have accelerated in a way that is consistent with observed warming trends. Less coherent patterns in some groups of organisms point to the agency of more local scale processes and multiple drivers. For the first time we show a broad scale signal of differential phenological change among trophic levels; across environments advances in timing were slowest for secondary consumers, thus heightening the potential risk of temporal mismatch in key trophic interactions. If current patterns and rates of phenological change are indicative of future trends, future climate warming may exacerbate trophic mismatching, further disrupting the functioning, persistence and resilience of many ecosystems and having a major impact on ecosystem services.

Validation of first annulus formation in red snapper otoliths with the use of an alizarin complexone fluorescent marker - Andrew J. Fischer; Edward J. Chesney; James H. Cowan (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2010)