Intestinal Lymphatic Transport of Halofantrine Occurs After Oral Administration of a Unit-Dose Lipid-Based Formulation to Fasted Dogs - Shui-Mei Khoo; David M. Shackleford; Christopher J. H. Porter; Glenn A. Edwards; William N. Charman (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Estimating cotton evapotranspiration crop coefficients with a multispectral vegetation index - Douglas J. Hunsaker; Paul J. Pinter; Edward M. Barnes; Bruce A. Kimball (Irrigation Science, 2003)

The Belize margin revisited. 2. Origin of Holocene antecedent topography - Edward G. Purdy; Eberhard Gischler; Anthony J. Lomando (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2003)

PCB Congener Distribution in Estuarine Water, Sediment and Fish Samples: Implications for Monitoring Programs - Thomas J. Fikslin; Edward D. Santoro (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Deferoxamine reduces and nitric oxide synthase inhibition increases neutrophil-mediated myotube injury - Thomas J. McLoughlin; Susan K. Tsivitse; Jessica A. Edwards; Brittany A. Aiken; Francis X. Pizza (Cell and Tissue Research, 2003)

The Tagliamento River: A model ecosystem of European importance - Klement Tockner; James V. Ward; David B. Arscott; Peter J. Edwards; Johannes Kollmann; Angela M. Gurnell; Geoffrey E. Petts; Bruno Maiolini (Aquatic Sciences, 2003)

Tuna schools/aggregations in surface longline data 1993–98 - David S. Kirby; Edward R. Abraham; Michael J. Uddstrom; Hudson Dean (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2003)
Exploratory data analysis of a high‐resolution (hook‐by‐hook), 6‐year time series (1993–98) of observed longline catch data for tunas was used to investigate fine‐scale spatial patterns along individual sets that may be indicative of social behaviour (i.e., schooling) and/or the response of individual fish to favourable extrinsic conditions (i.e., aggregation). Methods of spatial data analysis (i.e., nearest neighbour analysis) that have previously been applied in various other sciences (e.g., forestry and astronomy) were used. Results indicate strong clustering of individual tunas at characteristic scales within the set. Mean Nearest Neighbour Distances (NNDs) were between 100 and 200 m, compared with NNDs of 200–700 m predicted by a heterogeneous Poisson process on the same spatial domain. The results suggest that these adult tunas were either schooling or aggregating at the time of capture; this may therefore be related either to social behaviour or to sub‐mesoscale oceanographic features. An aggregation index was derived from the NNDs, giving a classification method that may be used for similar data and the development of empirical models attempting to relate patterns in fish catch distributions to environmental variables. The success of such models will ultimately depend on elucidating the ecological processes reflected in oceanographic features at biologically meaningful spatial scales.

Abundance and distribution of planktonic Archaea and Bacteria in the waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula - Matthew J. Church; Edward F. DeLong; Hugh W. Ducklow; Markus B. Karner; Christina M. Preston; David M. Karl (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Polyribonucleotide probes targeting planktonic archaeal (Group I and II) and bacterial rRNA revealed that Archaea comprised a significant fraction of total prokaryote cell abundance in the marine waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula. Determinations of Archaea and Bacteria cell abundances were made during two research cruises to the Palmer Long‐Term Ecological Research region during the austral winter and summer of 1999. During the austral summer, surface water abundances of Group I (GI) Archaea were generally low, averaging 4.7 x 10 3 cells ml −1 and accounting for 1% of the total picoplankton assemblage. The abundance of GI Archaea increased significantly with depth, averaging 2.1 X 10 4 cells ml −1 and comprising 9–39% of the total picoplankton abundance in the meso‐ (150–1,000 m) and bathypelagic (1,000–3,500 m) circumpolar deep water (CDW). Relative to summertime distributions, GI cells were more evenly distributed throughout the water column during the winter, averaging 10% of the picoplankton in the surface waters and 13% in the CDW. Surface water GI abundance increased 44% between the summer and winter, coincident with a fivefold decrease in GI abundance in the deeper waters. The abundance of Group II (GII) Archaea was persistently 5 cells ml −1 and comprised 89% of the total picoplankton assemblage. Generally, GI Archaea varied seasonally in the deeper waters, whereas bacterial abundance varied more in the upper waters. The observed variability in bacterial and archaeal abundance suggests that these two groups of marine picoplankton are dynamic components of Southern Ocean microbial food webs.

Iron requirements for dinitrogen‐ and ammonium‐supported growth in cultures of Trichodesmium (IMS 101): Comparison with nitrogen fixation rates and iron: carbon ratios of field populations - Adam B. Kustka; Sergio A. Sañudo‐Wilhelmy; Edward J. Carpenter; Douglas Capone; James Burns; William G. Sunda (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
We quantified the relationships among the specific growth rate, intracellular iron content, and steady state iron uptake rate for cultures of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium (IMS 101) grown under differing conditions of Fe and N availability. The Fe quotas necessary to support a moderately Fe‐limited growth rate (70% mmax) of 0.1 d −1 under diazotrophy and ammonium were 38 and 8 µmol mol −1 , indicating a fivefold increased Fe cost for diazotrophy. This increased demand reflects the influences of both the ninefold lower marginal use efficiency and the greater maintenance Fe :C requirement at zero growth rate under diazotrophy (13.5 versus 5.2 µmol mol −1 ). For diazotrophic growth at µ = 0.1 d −1 , we estimate that 19%–53% of the cellular Fe is bound in nitrogenase. Trichodesmium is capable of luxury uptake of at least 13‐fold greater amounts of Fe than needed for moderately Fe‐limited growth. At least half of the populations sampled from the continental shelf of northern Australia had Fe :C ratios within the range of iron limitation of laboratory cultures. Bottle incubations showed that, after 3–4 d with added iron, a low Fe :C population (21 µmol mol −1 ) had higher N2 fixation rates than controls, whereas a high Fe :C population (78 µmol mol −1 ) showed no response. The cellular N: P quotas and N2 fixation rates were compared to those previously reported for the Atlantic Ocean. Empirically, these data suggest a critical N: P ratio ~40–50 for the onset of P limitation of growth. Only 10% of the Trichodesmium populations from coastal Australia had N: P ratios within the putative P‐limitation range (>40), whereas 40% the Atlantic populations fell within this range. These comparisons, along with those for N fixation versus colony Fe :C ratio, suggest that Fe limitation is more prevalent in the Australia Trichodesmium populations, while P limitation predominates in the Atlantic populations.

Pharmacokinetic Model to Describe the Lymphatic Absorption of r-metHu-Leptin After Subcutaneous Injection to Sheep - Danielle N. McLennan; Christopher J. H. Porter; Glenn A. Edwards; Maria Brumm; Steven W. Martin; Susan A. Charman (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Transcytosis of GCSF-Transferrin Across Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers - Adam Widera; Kwang-Jin J. Kim; Edward D. Crandall; Wei-Chiang Shen (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

AP1 genes in Fugu indicate a divergent transcriptional control to that of mammals - Amanda J. Cottage; Yvonne J. K. Edwards; Greg Elgar (Mammalian Genome, 2003)

Characterization of expressed pigmented core light harvesting complex (LH 1) in a reaction center deficient mutant of Blastochloris viridis - Agnes E. Ostafin; Nina S. Ponomarenko; Julia A. Popova; Martin Jäger; Edward J. Bylina; James R. Norris (Photosynthesis Research, 2003)

Improving Relative Bioavailability of Dicumarol by Reducing Particle Size and Adding the Adhesive Poly(Fumaric-Co-Sebacic) Anhydride - C. G. Thanos; Z. Liu; J. Reineke; E. Edwards; E. Mathiowitz (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Targeted suppression of the ferroxidase and iron trafficking activities of the multicopper oxidase Fet3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Tzu-Pin Wang; Liliana Quintanar; Scott Severance; Edward I. Solomon; Daniel J. Kosman (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Signal that reboxetine use is linked with symptoms of peripheral ischaemia (Raynaud's syndrome) - David W. J. Clark; Ana-Maria Correa-Nunes; I. Ralph Edwards (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2003)

Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halogeton glomeratus - Jeffrey J. Duda; D. Carl Freeman; John M. Emlen; Jayne Belnap; Stanley G. Kitchen; John C. Zak; Edward Sobek; Mary Tracy; James Montante (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2003)

Dendroclimatic signals in long tree‐ring chronologies from the Himalayas of Nepal - Edward R. Cook; Paul J. Krusic; Philip D. Jones (International Journal of Climatology, 2003)
We describe the development of a tree‐ring chronology network in Nepal that is suitable for reconstructing temperature‐related climate forcing over the past few hundred years. The network is composed of 32 tree‐ring chronologies and is represented by five indigenous tree species. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of the chronologies over the common interval 1796–92 indicates the existence of coherent large‐scale signals among the tree‐ring chronologies that are hypothesized to reflect, in part, broad‐scale climate forcing related to temperatures. A long monthly temperature record for Kathmandu is developed and used to test this hypothesis. In so doing, significant monthly and seasonal temperature responses are identified that provide guidance for the formal reconstruction of two temperature seasons: February–June (1546–91) and October–February (1605–91). Each reconstruction indicates the occurrence of unusually cold temperatures in 1815–22, which coincides with the eruption of Tambora in Indonesia. A novel method is also used to add probable missing multi‐centennial temperature variance to each reconstruction. The resulting ‘adjusted’ reconstructions strongly reflect patterns of temperature variability associated with Little Ice Age cooling and warming into the 20th century, with the October–February season exhibiting the strongest increase in temperature over the past ∼400 years. Only the October–February season shows any evidence for late‐ 20th century warming, whereas February–June temperatures have actually cooled since 1960 (as with the observational series). Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society

Upscaling of Channel Systems in Two Dimensions Using Flow-Based Grids - X. H. Wen; L. J. Durlofsky; M. G. Edwards (Transport in Porous Media, 2003)

Cloning, characterization and regulation of a family of phi class glutathione transferases from wheat - Ian Cummins; David O'Hagan; Istvan Jablonkai; David J. Cole; Alain Hehn; Danièle Werck-Reichhart; Robert Edwards (Plant Molecular Biology, 2003)

Molecular evolution of VH9 germline genes isolated from DBA, BALB, 129 and C57BL mouse strains and sublines - Paula Zylstra; Andrew Franklin; Karl A. Hassan; Kim L. Powell; Edward J. Steele; Robert V. Blanden (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Haplotype diversity in the interleukin-4 gene is not associated with HIV-1 transmission and AIDS progression - William S. Modi; Thomas R. O'Brien; David Vlahov; Susan Buchbinder; Edward Gomperts; John Phair; Stephen J. O'Brien; Cheryl Winkler (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Cloning, functional study and comparative mapping of Luzp2 to mouse Chromosome 7 and human Chromosome 11p13?11p14 - Min Wu; Edward J. Michaud; Dabney K. Johnson (Mammalian Genome, 2003)

Parallel changes in agonistic and non-agonistic behaviors during dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish - J. Herberholz; M. M. Sen; D. H. Edwards (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2003)

Matrix synthesis by bladder smooth muscle cells is modulated by stretch frequency - Douglas E. Coplen; Edward J. Macarak; Pamela S. Howard (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2003)

Selecting in situ conservation sites for grape genetic resources in the USA - Diane S. Pavek; Warren F. Lamboy; Edward J. Garvey (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2003)

Understanding Climatic Impacts, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptation in the United States: Building a Capacity for Assessment - Edward A. Parson; Robert W. Corell; Eric J. Barron; Virginia Burkett; Anthony Janetos; Linda Joyce; Thomas R. Karl; Michael C. MacCracken; Jerry Melillo; M. Granger Morgan; David S. Schimel; Thomas Wilbanks (Climatic Change, 2003)

Class I molecules with similar peptide-binding specificities are the result of both common ancestry and convergent evolution - Alessandro Sette; John Sidney; Brian D. Livingston; John L. Dzuris; Claire Crimi; Christopher M. Walker; Scott Southwood; Edward J. Collins; Austin L. Hughes (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Optimized Region Finding and Edge Detection of Knee Cartilage Surfaces from Magnetic Resonance Images - Elsa D. Angelini; Edward J. Ciaccio (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2003)

Molecular diversity among marine picophytoplankton as revealed by psbA analyses - Gil Zeidner; Christina M. Preston; Edward F. Delong; Ramon Massana; Anton F. Post; David J. Scanlan; Oded Béjà (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary Photosynthetic microorganisms play a crucial role in the marine environment. In vast areas of the oceans, marine primary productivity is performed by cells smaller than 2–3 µm (picoplankton). Here, we report on molecular analyses of the conserved photosynthetic psbA gene (coding for protein D1 of photosystem II reaction centre) as a diversity indicator of naturally occurring marine oxygenic picophytoplankton. The psbA genes proved to be good indicators of the presence of a wide variety of photosynthetic marine microbial groups, including new cyanobacterial groups and eukaryotic algae (prasinophytes). Furthermore, using environmental bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, we were able to correlate psbA genes with small subunit rRNAs and, therefore, to confirm their phylogenetic affiliation.

Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes - Richard B. Kreider; Charles Melton; Christopher J. Rasmussen; Michael Greenwood; Stacy Lancaster; Edward C. Cantler; Pervis Milnor; Anthony L. Almada (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Body mass index and colon cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of estrogen (United States) - M.L. Slattery; Rachel Ballard-Barbash; Sandra Edwards; Bette J. Caan; John D. Potter (Cancer Causes & Control, 2003)

Multiproxy Devensian Late‐glacial and Holocene environmental records at an Atlantic coastal site in Shetland - Graeme Whittington; Paul Buckland; Kevin. J. Edwards; Malcolm Greenwood; Adrian M. Hall; Marie Robinson (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2003)
Marine erosion at Clettnadal, West Burra island off the west coast of Shetland, caused the drainage of a small water body at Clettnadal, exposing deposits of Late Devensian and Holocene age. Pollen, diatom and invertebrate analyses have provided variable records of environmental change during stratigraphical event GI‐1. Event GS‐1 is revealed by the non‐pollen evidence, especially by Coleoptera, by sediment stratigraphy, and by radiocarbon dating. In contrast, the pollen evidence indicates that an arctic tundra flora, in which dwarf shrubs were prominent, persisted throughout the Late‐glacial. The Holocene brought colonisation by tree birch, but by ca. 9000 14 C yr BP the taxon had almost disappeared. This contrasts strongly with other Holocene pollen records for Shetland where both Betula and Corylus avellana ‐type survived longer—at some sites, for example, until ca. 2900 yr BP. The extreme westerly and exposed coastal situation of Clettnadal appears to be responsible both for a muted Late‐glacial response in the pollen record of terrestrial vegetation and for the early replacement of woodland by a maritime grassland. The results provoke questions concerning biological stability at times of marked climatic change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

MATRIX SYNTHESIS BY BLADDER SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IS MODULATED BY STRETCH FREQUENCY - DOUGLAS E. COPLEN; EDWARD J. MACARAK; PAMELA S. HOWARD (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2003)

Microstimulation of macaque V1 disrupts target selection: effects of stimulation polarity - Edward J. Tehovnik; Warren M. Slocum (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

The effects of graded compression of the median nerve in the carpal canal on grip force - Kelly J. Cole; Curtis M. Steyers; Edward K. Graybill (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Incidence of Stress in Benthic Communities along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coasts within Different Ranges of Sediment Contamination from Chemical Mixtures - Jeffrey L. Hyland; W. Leonard Balthis; Virginia D. Engle; Edward R. Long; John F. Paul; J. Kevin Summers; Robert F. Van Dolah (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Prion Diseases - Edward McKintosh; Sarah J Tabrizi; John Collinge (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2003)

Social grouping and maternal behaviour in feral horses (Equus caballus): the influence of males on maternal protectiveness - Elissa Z. Cameron; Wayne L. Linklater; Kevin J. Stafford; Edward O. Minot (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003)

Diatom—chemistry relationships in Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming) sediments: Implications for climatic and aquatic processes research - Sebastian J. Interlandi; Susan S. Kilham; Edward C. Theriot (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
We analyzed sediment elemental composition (C, N, P, and Si) and planktonic diatom fossils from the top 32 cm of a short core (55 cm) from Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming), tracking deposition from about 1650 to 1998. Associations between fossil communities and sediment chemistry were measured by rank‐order correlation to gauge decadal scale relationships between lake chemistry and phytoplankton community composition. Strong associations were found between the abundance of individual diatom species and the chemical composition of sediments, suggesting that sediment chemistry can directly track the elemental composition of seston. Among three fossil measures (relative frustule abundance, relative biovolume, and absolute biovolume), associations between sediment chemistry and relative biovolume were strongest. We then compared measures and trends in sediment elemental composition to in‐lake seston chemistry to assess transport processes that alter sediment composition relative to source material. On the basis of elemental stoichiometry, sediments were enriched in P and depleted in C and N compared with seston. Trends of increasing C and N accumulation along with decreasing Si accumulation were consistent with patterns of increasing productivity, increasing lake N levels, and decreasing dominance of diatoms, respectively. A sharp increase in sediment C:N ratio, with a decrease in diatom absolute biovolume and absolute C and N levels, was associated with a prolonged drought in the 1930s. These trends suggest alteration of ecosystem properties by a combination of climatic variation and increasing N availability, adding complexity to larger goals of climatic reconstruction by diatom—nutrient chemistry—climate transfer functions in large lakes of the region.

Threatened Fishes of the World: Gambusia heterochir Hubbs, 1957 (Poeciliidae) - Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards; Gary P. Garrett (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Dionda diaboli Hubbs & Brown, 1956 (Cyprinidae) - Gary P. Garrett; Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Microsatellite markers for the shortfin mako and cross-species amplification in lamniformes - Aaron W. Schrey; Edward J. Heist (Conservation Genetics, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Gambusia georgei Hubbs & Peden, 1969 (Poeciliidae) - Robert J. Edwards; Clark Hubbs; Gary P. Garrett (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle & Echelle, 1978 (Cyprinodontidae) - Gary P. Garrett; Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Cyprinodon elegans Baird & Girard, 1853 (Cyprinodontidae) - Gary P. Garrett; Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Fly Larvae in Wastewater Discharges: A Potential Source of Food and Organochlorine Contaminants for some Southern California Fishes - Daniel J. Heilprin; Charles R. Phillips; Edward Basmadjian (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen isotope abundances in zooplankton of the oligotrophic North Atlantic - Joseph P. Montoya; Edward J. Carpenter; Douglas G. Capone (Limnology and Oceanography, 2002)
Deep‐water nitrate is a major reservoir of oceanic combined nitrogen and has long been considered to be the major source of new nitrogen supporting primary production in the oligotrophic ocean. 15 N: 14 N ratios in plankton provide an integrative record of the nitrogen cycle processes at work in the ocean, and near‐surface organic matter in oligotrophic waters like the Sargasso Sea is characterized by an unusually low 15 N content relative to average deep‐water nitrate. Herein we show that the low dΔ 15 N of suspended particles and zooplankton from the tropical North Atlantic cannot arise through isotopic fractionation associated with nutrient uptake and food web processes but are instead consistent with a significant input of new nitrogen to the upper water column by N 2 fixation. These results provide direct, integrative evidence that N 2 fixation makes a major contribution to the nitrogen budget of the oligotrophic North Atlantic Ocean.

Soil Leachate Responses During 10 Years of Induced Whole-Watershed Acidification - Pamela J. Edwards; James N. Kochenderfer; Dean W. Coble; Mary Beth Adams (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2002)

Monitoring the Penetration Enhancer Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Human Stratum Corneum in Vivo by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy - Peter J. Caspers; Adrian C. Williams; Elizabeth A. Carter; Howell G. M. Edwards; Brian W. Barry; Hajo A. Bruining; Gerwin J. Puppels (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Characterization of the flanking regions of Zea mays microsatellites reveals a large number of useful sequence polymorphisms - R. Mogg; J. Batley; S. Hanley; D. Edwards; H. O'Sullivan; K. Edwards (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Gambusia gaigei Hubbs, 1929 (Poeciliidae) - Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards; Gary P. Garrett (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Genetic mapping of 66 new microsatellite (SSR) loci in bread wheat - P. Gupta; H. Balyan; K. Edwards; P. Isaac; V. Korzun; M. Röder; M.–F. Gautier; P. Joudrier; A. Schlatter; J. Dubcovsky; R. De la Pena; M. Khairallah; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002)

Effects of aerobic fitness training on human cortical function - Arthur F. Kramer; Stanley Colcombe; Kirk Erickson; Artem Belopolsky; Edward McAuley; Neal J. Cohen; Andrew Webb; Gerald J. Jerome; David X. Marquez; Tracey M. Wszalek (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Cyprinodon bovinus Baird & Girard, 1853 (Cyprinodontidae) - Gary P. Garrett; Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Gambusia nobilis Baird & Girard, 1853 (Poeciliidae) - Clark Hubbs; Robert J. Edwards; Gary P. Garrett (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Gambusia amistadensis Peden, 1973 (Poeciliidae) - Robert J. Edwards; Clark Hubbs; Gary P. Garrett (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

DIETS OF FIN, SEI, AND SPERM WHALES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: AN ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL WHALING RECORDS, 1963–1967 - Rowenna D. Flinn; Andrew W. Trites; Edward J. Gregr; R. Ian Perry (Marine Mammal Science, 2002)
A bstract Diets of fin ( Balaenoptera physalus ), sei ( Balaenoptera borealis ), and sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) were estimated from the stomach contents of individuals killed along the British Columbia coast from 1963 to 1967. The dominant prey types of fin whales were euphausiids, with minor contributions from copepods and fish. Sei whale stomachs contained primarily copepods in three years, whereas euphausiids or a variety of fish dominated the diet in the other two years. Sperm whales consumed primarily North Pacific giant squid ( Moroteuthis robusta ), but secondary prey differed between males and females. Female sperm whales frequently consumed ragfish ( Icosteus spp.) and other fish, whereas the male diet also contained rockfish ( Sebastes spp.). The high abundance of euphausiids along the British Columbia coast likely contributed to the presence of a summer resident population of fin whales. The high abundance of large copepods farther north probably influenced the migration of sei whales through the offshore waters of British Columbia. Sperm whale stomach contents differed by sex reflecting location and possibly breeding behaviors.

Conservation and status of the fish communities inhabiting the Río Conchos basin and middle Rio Grande, México and U.S.A. - Robert J. Edwards; Gary P. Garrett; Edie Marsh-Matthews (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2002)

Fish biodiversity changes in the Lower Rio Grande/Rio Bravo, 1953–1996 - Salvador Contreras-Balderas; Robert J. Edwards; María de Lourdes Lozano-Vilano; María Elena García-Ramírez (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2002)

Nonsyndromic recessive deafness DFNB18 and Usher syndrome type IC are allelic mutations of USHIC - Zubair M. Ahmed; Tenesha N. Smith; Saima Riazuddin; Tomoko Makishima; Manju Ghosh; Sirosh Bokhari; Puthezhath S. Menon; Dilip Deshmukh; Andrew J. Griffith; Sheikh Riazuddin; Thomas B. Friedman; Edward R. Wilcox (Human Genetics, 2002)

Microsatellite Markers for the Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) - Edward J. Heist; Erica H. Nicholson; Justin T. Sipiorski; Devon B. Keeney (Conservation Genetics, 2002)

A high degree of genetic diversity is revealed in Isatis spp. (dyer's woad) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) - K. Gilbert; S. Garton; M. Karam; G. Arnold; A. Karp; K. Edwards; D. Cooke; J. Barker (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002)

Bifurcations of the thermohaline circulation in a simplified three-dimensional model of the world ocean and the effects of inter-basin connectivity - Edwards N.; Shepherd J. (Climate Dynamics, 2002)

Subglacial, phonolitic volcanism at Hoodoo Mountain volcano, northern Canadian Cordillera - Edwards B.; Russell J.; Anderson R. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2002)

Hybrid cluster proteins (HCPs) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough): X-ray structures at 1.25 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation - Sofia Macedo; Edward P. Mitchell; Célia V. Romão; Serena J. Cooper; Ricardo Coelho; Ming Y. Liu; António V. Xavier; Jean LeGall; Susan Bailey; David C. Garner; Wilfred R. Hagen; Miguel Teixeira; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)

The genetics of the dog - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 2002)

Numerical Calculation of Equivalent Cell Permeability Tensors for General Quadrilateral Control Volumes - Chuanping He; Michael G. Edwards; Louis J. Durlofsky (Computational Geosciences, 2002)

Development of Stem-base Pathogens on Different Cultivars of Winter Wheat Determined by Quantitative PCR - P. Nicholson; A.S. Turner; S.G. Edwards; G.L. Bateman; L.W. Morgan; D.W. Parry; J. Marshall; M. Nuttall (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2002)

1H NMR investigations of the molecular nature of low-molecular-mass calcium ions in biofluids - Christopher J. Silwood; Martin Grootveld; Edward Lynch (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)

Interfibrillar cardiac mitochondrial comples III defects in the aging rat heart - Charles L. Hoppel; Shadi Moghaddas; Edward J. Lesnefsky (Biogerontology, 2002)

Parallel Cascade Recognition of Exon and Intron DNA Sequences - Michael J. Korenberg; Edward D. Lipson; James R. Green; Jerry E. Solomon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Changes in color and sugar content of yellow-fleshed potatoes stored at three different temperatures - Charles G. Edwards; James W. Englar; Charles R. Brown; John C. Peterson; Erik J. Sorensen (American Journal of Potato Research, 2002)

The genetics of cattle - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 2001)

The genetics of the horse - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 2001)

Stoichiometric food quality and herbivore dynamics - Erik B. Muller; Roger M. Nisbet; Sebastiaan A. L. M. Kooijman; James J. Elser; Edward McCauley (Ecology Letters, 2001)
Herbivores may grow with nutrient or energy limitation, depending on food abundance and the chemical composition of their food. We present a model that describes herbivore growth as a continuous function of two limiting factors. This function uses the synthesizing unit concept, has the hyperbolic Monod model as a limiting case, and has the same number of parameters as the Monod model coupled to Liebig’s discontinuous minimum rule. We use the model to explore nutrient‐limited herbivore growth in a closed system with algae, Daphnia and phosphorus as the limiting nutrient. Phosphorus in algae may substantially influence Daphnia growth. This influence changes over time and is most pronounced when algae and Daphnia populations fluctuate strongly. Relative to classic models that only consider food quantity as a determinant of Daphnia growth, our model shows richer dynamical behaviour. In addition to the standard positive equilibrium, which may be stable or unstable depending on nutrient availability, a new positive equilibrium may arise in our model when mortality rates are relatively high. This equilibrium is unstable and reduces the likelihood of long‐term persistence of Daphnia in the system.

Lymphatic Absorption Is a Significant Contributor to the Subcutaneous Bioavailability of Insulin in a Sheep Model - Susan A. Charman; Danielle N. McLennan; Glenn A. Edwards; Christopher J. H. Porter (Pharmaceutical Research, 2001)

Colonization of an island volcano, Long Island, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake. VII. Overview and discussion - I. W. B. Thornton; S. Cook; J. S. Edwards; R. D. Harrison; C. Schipper; M. Shanahan; R. Singadan; R. Yamuna (Journal of Biogeography, 2001)
Location, aims Long Island's biota was destroyed by volcanic eruption in c. 1645, and Motmot, an emergent island in its caldera lake, was re‐created in 1968, providing a nested pair of natural colonization sequences. In 1999 we surveyed the plants and vertebrates of Long and the entire biota of Motmot for comparison with previous surveys of Long (1932, 1972, birds only) and Motmot (1969–88). Results The known flora of Long is 305 vascular plants (thirty‐two pteridophytes, 273 spermatophytes), including thirty‐one Ficus species, the sixteen fruiting all having pollinating wasps, and there were eleven species of effective fig dispersers. There were two frog species, a crocodile, a monitor, seven skinks, four geckos, a boid snake, fifty species non‐migrant land birds, seven bats, two rats, a cuscus (probably introduced) and feral pigs, dogs, cats and chickens. Most of Motmot's surface was barren or sparsely vegetated ash, cinder and lava fields. There were seven pteridophyte and thirty‐eight spermatophyte species, including eight Ficus , and the cumulative known flora comprises eleven pteridophytes and fifty‐one spermatophytes, mainly zoochorous and anemochorous, with sedges, grasses and herbs predominating. All Ficus individuals but one were small; three plants of two species bore syconia but had not been pollinated and had not set seed. Motmot's known invertebrate fauna comprises thirty‐five species, mainly predators and scavengers; two spider and one ant species dominating. An insectivorous bat and eight land bird species (three breeding) were the only vertebrates. Main conclusions Long's biota comprised mainly widely distributed species with broad ecological tolerances, well‐adapted for colonizing species‐poor islands. The mid‐level caldera plateau, as in 1932, was covered in fairly open forest of similar‐sized trees with a few much larger individuals and little or no understorey. Primary rain forest tree species from the region were under‐represented or absent but secondary forest species were common. There were few regional endemic Ficus species. The avifauna comprised species with good dispersal ability, lacked endemic subspecies and probably for at least the past seven decades has been held at a quasi‐equilibrium of fifty species, fourteen below the theoretical number. More than half the fifty‐four resident land birds known from Long (and three of the seven bats) are high class tramps in the sense of Diamond; only two birds are high‐S species. Turnover has been low and none of the bird super tramps has been replaced. The non‐avian fauna comprised mostly high‐category tramptype species with relatively broad habitat requirements and extensive geographical ranges. Non‐volant vertebrates comprised a number of highly vagile species associated with humans. Several groups, especially snakes and amphibians, were depauperate compared with the fauna of other islands in the area. Long's biota is evidently held at an arrested stage of development by some physical factor, possibly the extremely porous substratum and relatively dry climate. The allochthonous input of lake insects to Motmot evidently provides the major energy source for its animal communities, with a very minor contribution from organic flotsam. Reflecting Motmot's very isolated situation, plant colonization has been slow, but when more fig individuals mature and fig–wasp populations become established fruit production should attract frugivores and start a positive feedback process which will accelerate the growth of Motmot's community. Long's colonization shows similarities with that of Krakatau (Sunda Strait, Indonesia) after the 1883 eruption, and species shared by the two include a high proportion of pioneer species. Motmot's triple isolation (sea, land and fresh‐water barriers) means that its colonization differs markedly from those on two marine emergent islands of the region, Tuluman (Admiralty Group) and Anak Krakatau.

Colonization of an island volcano, Long Island, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake. VII. Overview and discussion - I. W. B. Thornton; S. Cook; J. S. Edwards; R. D. Harrison; C. Schipper; M. Shanahan; R. Singadan; R. Yamuna (Journal of Biogeography, 2001)

An Edge Effect Caused by Adult Corn‐Rootworm Beetles on Sunflowers in Tallgrass Prairie Remnants - Mark J. McKone; Kendra K. McLauchlan; Edward G. Lebrun; Andrew C. McCall (Conservation Biology, 2001)
The once‐extensive tallgrass prairie community of North America has been reduced to small remnants, many of which are surrounded by intensive corn ( Zea mays ) agriculture. We investigated adult corn‐rootworm beetles (Chrysomelidae : Diabrotica spp.), important pests of corn, on sunflowers (Asteraceae : Helianthus spp . ) in prairie remnants in southeast Minnesota. Large numbers of beetles invaded the prairie from surrounding corn fields in late summer. D. barberi and D. virgifera were captured on sticky traps in all locations in the prairie, but abundance was much greater near the edge adjacent to corn. We observed D. barberi ( but not D. virgifera ) feeding extensively on sunflower pollen and occasionally on other flower parts, such as petals. Sunflowers located nearer corn fields sustained more floral damage than those farther from corn. To determine the effect of beetle damage on seed set, we enclosed sunflower heads in bags with either zero, two, or four D. barberi adults. Seed set was reduced in heads enclosed with D. barberi . Thus, this agricultural pest may interfere with the successful reproduction of sunflowers and possibly other prairie composites that flower in late summer. Given the small size of most prairie remnants and the abundance of this flower‐feeding beetle in landscapes dominated by corn agriculture, D. barberi may affect the sustainability of prairie plant populations.

An Edge Effect Caused by Adult Corn-Rootworm Beetles on Sunflowers in Tallgrass Prairie Remnants - Mark J. McKone; Kendra K. McLauchlan; Edward G. Lebrun; Andrew C. McCall (Conservation Biology, 2001)

The C1 locus in maize (Zea mays L.): effect on gene expression - J. Edwards; D. Stoltzfus; P. A. Peterson (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001)

Screening of algal strains for metal removal capabilities - JoAnn C. Radway; Edward W. Wilde; Michael J. Whitaker; Joseph C. Weissman (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2001)

Multiple Ligand and Cell-Dependent States of Lateral Mobility of Plasmalemmal G Protein-Coupled Cholecystokinin Receptors - Belinda F. Roettger; Edward H. Hellen; Thomas P. Burghardt; Laurence J. Miller (Journal of Fluorescence, 2001)

Availability of medicines in the European Union: results from the EURO-Medicines project - Folino-Gallo P.; Walley T.; Frolich J.; Carvajal A.; Edwards I. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2001)

CD2F-10: a new member of the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily - Janet A. Fennelly; Bela Tiwari; Simon J. Davis; Edward J. Evans (Immunogenetics, 2001)

Evaluating Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure with Satellite Data at Sites of Amphibian Declines in Central and South America - Elizabeth M. Middleton; Jay R. Herman; Edward A. Celarier; John W. Wilkinson; Cynthia Carey; Robert J. Rusin (Conservation Biology, 2001)
Many amphibian species have experienced substantial population declines or have disappeared altogether during the last several decades at a number of amphibian survey sites in Central and South America. Our study addresses the use of trends in solar UV‐B radiation exposure (280–320 nm) at these sites over the last two decades, derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer satellite data. It is intended to demonstrate a role for satellite observations in determining whether UV‐B radiation is a contributing factor in amphibian declines. We used these data to calculate the daily erythemal (sunburning) UV‐B, or UV‐B ery , exposure at the latitude, longitude, and elevation of each of 20 survey sites. The annually averaged UV‐B ery dose, as well as the maximum values, have been increasing in both Central and South America, with higher levels reached at the Central American sites. The annually averaged UV‐B ery exposure increased significantly from 1979–1998 at all 11 Central American sites we examined ( r 2 = 0.60–0.79; p ≤ 0.015), with smaller but significant increases at five of the nine South American sites ( r 2 = 0.24–0.42; p ≤ 0.05). The number of days having the highest UV‐B exposure (≥6.75 kJ/m 2 /day) increased in both regions from r 2 = 0.24–0.42; p ≤ 0.001). In Central America, the contribution of these very high UV‐B ery exposure levels to the annual UV‐B ery total increased from approximately 5 to approximately 15% over the 19‐year period, but actual daily exposures for each species are unknown. A UV‐B ratio, the highest monthly UV‐B exposure relative to the annual average for the highest UV‐B category (≥6.75 kJ/m 2 ), increased in both regions over this time period ( r 2 = 0.73; p ≤ 0.001). This UV index was consistently higher for Central America, where species declines have been the most severe. These results should justify further research into whether UV‐B ery radiation plays a role in amphibian population declines and extinctions. We discuss synergy among UV‐B radiation and other factors, especially those associated with alterations of water chemistry (e.g., acidification) in aqueous habitats.

A maize bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the European flint inbred line F2 - D. M. O’Sullivan; P. J. Ripoll; M. Rodgers; K. J. Edwards (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001)

The test-retest reliability of gas exchange kinetics in humans using a pseudo random binary sequence exercise test - A. M. Edwards; N. V. Challis; J. H. Chapman; D. B. Claxton; M. L. Fysh (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001)

A prospective study on intake of animal products and risk of prostate cancer - Dominique S. Michaud; Katarina Augustsson; Eric B. Rimm; Meir J. Stampfer; Walter C. Willett; Edward Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2001)

Diversity, genetic structure and evidence of outcrossing in British populations of the rock fern Adiantum capillus‐veneris using microsatellites - K. V. Pryor; J. E. Young; F. J. Rumsey; K. J. Edwards; M. W. Bruford; H. J. Rogers (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
Microsatellites were isolated and a marker system was developed in the fern Adiantum capillus‐veneris . Polymorphic markers were then used to study the genetic diversity and structure of populations within the UK and Ireland where this species grows at the northern edge of its range, requiring a specific rock habitat and limited to a few scattered populations. Three dinucleotide loci detected a high level of diversity (23 alleles and 28 multilocus genotypes) across the UK and Ireland, with nearly all variation partitioned among rather than within populations. Of 17 populations represented by multiple samples, all except four were monomorphic. Heterozygosity was detected in three populations, all within Glamorgan, Wales (UK), showing evidence of outcrossing. We make inferences on the factors determining the observed levels and patterns of genetic variation and the possible evolutionary history of the populations.

Potassium nutrition effects on seed alkaloid concentrations, yield and mineral content of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) - P. Gremigni; M. T. F. Wong; N. K. Edwards; D. Harris; J. Hamblin (Plant and Soil, 2001)

Unprecedented bleaching-induced mortality in Porites spp. at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia - Mumby P.; Chisholm J.; Edwards A.; Clark C.; Roark E.; Andrefouet S.; Jaubert J. (Marine Biology, 2001)

Decaying Scalars Emitted By A Forest Canopy: A Numerical Study - Edward G. Patton; Kenneth J. Davis; Mary C. Barth; Peter P. Sullivan (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2001)

The CD4 T cell-deficient mouse mutation nackt ( nkt ) involves a deletion in the cathepsin L ( Ctsl ) gene - Fernando Benavides; Ann Venables; Heather Poetschke Klug; Edward Glasscock; Natalia Martin Palenzuela; Claudio J. Conti; Alexander Rudensky; Marcela Gmez; Jean-Louis Gunet; Ellen R. Richie (Immunogenetics, 2001)

Physiological comparisons among three maximal treadmill exercise protocols in trained and untrained individuals - Jie Kang; Edward C. Chaloupka; M. Alysia Mastrangelo; Gregory B. Biren; Robert J. Robertson (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001)

Breeding biology, resource partitioning and reproductive effort of a dioecious shrub, Clutia pulchella L. (Euphorbiaceae) - D. I. Thompson; T. J. Edwards (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2001)

Transport issues and bioremediation modeling for the in situ aerobic co-metabolism of chlorinated solvents - Mark N. Goltz; Edward J. Bouwer; Junqi Huang (Biodegradation, 2001)

Mid‐ to late Holocene relative sea‐level change in Poole Harbour, southern England - Robin J. Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2001)
A foraminiferal transfer function for mean tide level (MTL) is used in combination with AMS radiocarbon dated material to construct a record of relative sea‐level (RSL) change from Poole Harbour, southern Britain. These new data, based on multiple cores from duplicate sites, indicate four phases of change during the last 5000 cal. (calendar) yr: (i) rising RSL between ca. 4700 cal. yr BP and ca. 2400 cal. yr BP; (ii) stable to falling RSL from ca. 2400 cal. yr BP until ca. 1200 cal. yr BP; (iii) a brief rise in RSL from ca. 1200 cal. yr BP to ca. 900 cal. yr BP, followed by a period of stability; (iv) a recent increase in the rate of RSL rise from ca. 400–200 cal. yr BP until the present day. In addition, they suggest that the region has experienced long‐term crustal subsidence at a rate of 0.5 mm C 14 yr −1 . Although this can account for the overall rise in MTL observed during the past 2500 yr, it fails to explain the changes in the rate of rise during this period. This implies that the phases of RSL change recorded in the marshes of Poole Harbour reflect tidal range variations or ‘eustatic’ fluctuations in sea‐level. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Transgenic GNA Expressing Potato Plants Augment the Beneficial Biocontrol of Lacanobia Oleracea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by the parasitoid Eulophus Pennicornis (Hymenoptera; Eulophidae) - H.A. Bell; E.C. Fitches; G.C Marris; J. Bell; J.P. Edwards; J.A. Gatehouse; A.M.R. Gatehouse (Transgenic Research, 2001)

Aging of the trigeminal blink system - Kavita R. Peshori; Edward J. Schicatano; Ramesh Gopalaswamy; Eva Sahay; Craig Evinger (Experimental Brain Research, 2001)

The CD45 locus in cattle: allelic polymorphism and evidence for exceptional positive natural selection - Keith T. Ballingall; Lillian Waibochi; Declan J. McKeever; Edward C. Holmes; Christopher H. Woelk; Niall D. MacHugh; Vittoria Lutje (Immunogenetics, 2001)

Tissue distribution and functional expression of the human voltage-gated sodium channel β3 subunit - Edward B. Stevens; Peter J. Cox; Bhaval S. Shah; Alistair K. Dixon; Peter J. Richardson; Robert D. Pinnock; Kevin Lee (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2001)

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers survey of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genome: towards an SSR-based molecular genetic map of cassava - R. E. C. Mba; P. Stephenson; K. Edwards; S. Melzer; J. Nkumbira; U. Gullberg; K. Apel; M. Gale; J. Tohme; M. Fregene (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001)

Alteration zoning and primary geochemical dispersion at the Bronzewing lode-gold deposit, Western Australia - Pasi Eilu; Edward J. Mikucki; Allison L. Dugdale (Mineralium Deposita, 2001)

Critical factors for the formation of a nickel-copper deposit in an evolved magma system: lessons from a comparison of the Pants Lake and Voisey's Bay sulfide occurrences in Labrador, Canada - Chusi Li; Anthony J. Naldrett; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2001)

Application of Rhizobacteria for Induced Resistance - Geoffrey W. Zehnder; John F. Murphy; Edward J. Sikora; Joseph W. Kloepper (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2001)

Hemp diseases and pests management and biological control. by J. M. McPartland, R. C. Clarke and D. P. Watson - J. Edwards (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2001)

Reproductive performance of a harpactorine reduviid Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on three lepidopteran insect pests - P. J. Edward George (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2000)

The genetics of sheep - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 2000)

The effects of gamma rays on longevity - Edward J. Calabrese; Linda A. Baldwin (Biogerontology, 2000)

Characterization of nuclear microsatellites in Pinus halepensis Mill. and their inheritance in P. halepensis and Pinus brutia Ten. - R. N. Keys; A. Autino; K. J. Edwards; B. Fady; C. Pichot; G. G. Vendramin (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Microsatellites for Barren Brome ( Anisantha sterilis ) - J. M. Green; K. J. Edwards; S. L. Usher; J. H. A. Barker; E. J. P. Marshall; R. J. Froud‐Williams; A. Karp (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Characterization of nuclear microsatellites in Pinus halepensis Mill. and their inheritance in P. halepensis and Pinus brutia Ten. - R. N. Keys; A. Autino; K. J. Edwards; B. Fady; C. Pichot; G. G. Vendramin (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Physical Characterization of Large Porous Particles for Inhalation - Rajiv Gupta; R Vanbever; J Mintzes; J Nice; D Chen; R Batycky; R Langer; DA Edwards (Pharmaceutical Research, 2000)

Molecular Cloning and Antiserum Development of Cyclin Box in the Brown Tide Alga Aureococcus anophagefferens - Senjie Lin; Erika Magaletti; Edward J. Carpenter (Marine Biotechnology, 2000)

Metal substitution in transferrins: specific binding of cerium(IV) revealed by the crystal structure of cerium-substituted human lactoferrin - Heather M. Baker; Christina J. Baker; Clyde A. Smith; Edward N. Baker (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2000)

Intact negative patterning in rats with fornix or combined perirhinal and postrhinal cortex lesions - Timothy J. Bussey; Rebecca Dias; Edward S. Redhead; John M. Pearce; Janice L. Muir; John P. Aggleton (Experimental Brain Research, 2000)

MIGRATION AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC WHALES OFF COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA: AN ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL WHALING RECORDS FROM 1908‐1967 - Edward J. Gregr; Linda Nichol; John K. B. Ford; Graeme Ellis; Andrew W. Trites (Marine Mammal Science, 2000)
A bstract Data recorded from 24,862 whales killed by British Columbia coastal whaling stations between 1908 and 1967 revealed trends in the abundance, sex ratios, age structure, and distribution of sperm ( Physeter macrocephalus ), fin ( Balaenoptera physalus ), sei ( Balaenoptera borealis ), humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae ), and blue ( Balaenoptera musculus ) whales. The catch data were analyzed using annual and monthly mean values. Monthly and annual variation in whaling effort was deduced from accounts of the history of British Columbia coastal whaling, and biases arising from changes in effort were considered in the interpretation of the results. During the later years of whaling (1948‐1967), the mean lengths of captured whales declined significantly and pregnancy rates dropped to near zero in fin, sei, and blue whales. Monthly patterns in numbers killed revealed a summer migration of sei and blue whales past Vancouver Island, and confirms anecdotal suggestions that local populations of fin and humpback whales once spent extended periods in the coastal waters of British Columbia. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that sperm whales mated (April‐May) and calved (July‐August) in British Columbia's offshore waters. The historic whaling records reveal much about the migratory behavior and distribution of the large whales species as they once were, and may continue to be, in the northeastern Pacific. Verifying the persistence of these trends in the remnant populations is a necessary and logical next step.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) induces a quasi-morphine abstinence syndrome in the rat - David H. Malin; J. Ronald Lake; William D. Moon; Debora Moy; Ana L. Montellano; Edward Moy; Tracy D. Campbell; Maurice V. Bell; Dana Bryant; Laura M. Harrison; David K. Grandy (Psychopharmacology, 2000)

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the benthic seaweed, Cladophoropsis membranacea (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) - H. J. Van Der Strate; J. L. Olsen; L. Van De Zande; K. J. Edwards; W. T. Stam (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells - Miroslav Styblo; Luz M. Del Razo; Libia Vega; Dori R. Germolec; Edward L. LeCluyse; Geraldine A. Hamilton; William Reed; Changqing Wang; William R. Cullen; David J. Thomas (Archives of Toxicology, 2000)

Effects of pH and Dose on Nasal Absorption of Scopolamine Hydrobromide in Human Subjects - Shamim Ahmed; Anthony P. Sileno; Jorge C. deMeireles; Ramneik Dua; Harish K. Pimplaskar; Wei J. Xia; John Marinaro; Edward Langenback; Frank J. Matos; Lakshmi Putcha; Vincent D. Romeo; Charan R. Behl (Pharmaceutical Research, 2000)

The 31 P–NMR Stress Test: An Approach for Detecting Myocardial Ischemia - Edward J. Butterworth; William T. Evanochko; Gerald M. Pohost (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2000)

Conservation of microsatellite loci within the genus Vitis - G. Di Gaspero; E. Peterlunger; R. Testolin; K. J. Edwards; G. Cipriani (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000)

Characterisation and analysis of microsatellite loci in a mangrove species, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae) - T. L. Maguire; K. J. Edwards; P. Saenger; R. Henry (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000)

The ternary transformation system: constitutive virG on a compatible plasmid dramatically increases Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation - Leslie van der Fits; Edward A. Deakin; J. Harry C. Hoge; Johan Memelink (Plant Molecular Biology, 2000)

Abstracts - Danuta Babula; Malgorzata Ruminska; Jan Sadowski; Josep M. Folch; Ramona Natacha Pena; Agustina Coll; Armand Sánchez; James M. H. Kijas; Leif Andersson; Dušan Kordiš; Franc Gubenšek; Gregor Majdič; et al. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2000)

The exopolymer secretions (EPS) layer surrounding Aureoumbra lagunensis cells affects growth, grazing, and behavior of protozoa - Hongbin Liu; Edward J. Buskey (Limnology and Oceanography, 2000)
“Texas brown tide”, a nuisance algal bloom formed by the marine pelagophyte Aureoumbra lagunensis , persisted without interruption from 1990–1997 in Laguna Madre, Texas. We hypothesize that, in addition to other factors, the presence of a mucus layer of exopolymer secretions (EPS) outside its cell wall may have played a role in reducing microzooplankton grazing on A. lagunensis , and therefore contributing to the persistence of the brown tide bloom. Three protozoan species common to the bloom waters fed A. lagunensis with low or high EPS showed significantly reduced growth rates with a high EPS diet. An additional experiment with the ciliate Aspidisca sp. revealed that the lower growth rate was caused by a reduced grazing rate on A. lagunensis with high EPS. A. lagunensis cells with high EPS might be unpalatable to Aspidisca , hence forced it to feed on bacteria as an alternate food source. Also, the EPS mucus might have affected the feeding mechanics of ciliates by adhering to their cilia and clogging their feeding apparatus. Motion analysis of swimming behavior of Aspidisca fed high and low EPS A. lagunensis revealed altered behavior in the presence of high EPS that could affect their grazing efficiency.

Development and incorporation of microsatellite markers into the linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spp.) - S. J. Rae; C. Aldam; I. Dominguez; M. Hoebrechts; S. R. Barnes; K. J. Edwards (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000)

Angiostatin and Endostatin: Endogenous Inhibitors of Tumor Growth - B. Kim Lee Sim; Nicholas J. MacDonald; Edward R. Gubish (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2000)

2-Methoxyestradiol: an Endogenous Antiangiogenic and Antiproliferative Drug Candidate - Victor S. Pribluda; Edward R. Gubish; Edward R. Gubish; Theresa M. LaVallee; Anthony Treston; Glenn M. Swartz; Shawn J. Green (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2000)

Characteristics of attachment and growth of Thiobacillus caldus on sulphide minerals: a chemotactic response to sulphur minerals? - Katrina J. Edwards; Philip L. Bond; Jillian F. Banfield (Environmental Microbiology, 2000)
To further our understanding of the ecological role of sulphur‐oxidizing microorganisms in the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD), growth and attachment of the chemoautotrophic sulphur‐oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus caldus , on the sulphide minerals pyrite, marcasite and arsenopyrite was studied. Growth curves were estimated based on total cells detected in the system (in suspension and attached to mineral surfaces). In general, higher cell numbers were detected on surfaces than in suspension. Fluorescent in situ hybridizations to cells on surfaces at mid‐log growth confirmed that cells on surfaces were metabolically active. Total cell (both surface and solution phase) generation times on pyrite and marcasite (both FeS 2 ) were calculated to be ≈ 7 and 6 h respectively. When grown on pyrite (not marcasite), the number of T. caldus cells in the solution phase decreased, while the total number of cells (both surface and solution) increased. Additionally, marcasite supported about three times more total cells (≈ 3 × 10 9 ) than pyrite (≈ 8 × 10 8 ). This may be attributed to the dissolution rate of marcasite, which is twice that of pyrite. Epifluorescent and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyse the cell orientation on surfaces. Results of Fourier transform analysis of fluorescent images confirmed that attachment to all three sulphides occurred in an oriented manner. Results from high‐resolution SEM imaging showed that cell orientation coincides with dissolution pit edges and secondary sulphur minerals that develop during dissolution. Preferential colonization of surfaces relative to solution and oriented cell attachment on these sulphide surfaces suggest that T. caldus may chemotactically select the optimal site for chemoautotrophic growth on sulphur (i.e. the mineral surface).

Identification of theta-class glutathione S-transferase in liver cytosol of the marmoset monkey - Thomas G. Schulz; Frederike A. Wiebel; Ricarda Thier; Diether Neubert; Donald S. Davis; Robert J. Edwards (Archives of Toxicology, 2000)

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of peridotites from the South Sandwich arc-basin system, South Atlantic - J. A. Pearce; P. F. Barker; S. J. Edwards; I. J. Parkinson; P. T. Leat (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2000)

Characterising sclerophylly: some mechanical properties of leaves from heath and forest - C. Edwards; J. Read; G. Sanson (Oecologia, 2000)

Pollen‐based biomes for Beringia 18,000, 6000 and 0 14 C yr bp † - M. E. Edwards; P. M. Anderson; L. B. Brubaker; T. A. Ager; A. A. Andreev; N. H. Bigelow; L. C. Cwynar; W. R. Eisner; S. P. Harrison; F.‐S. Hu; D. Jolly; A. V. Lozhkin; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2000)
The objective biomization method developed by Prentice et al . (1996) for Europe was extended using modern pollen samples from Beringia and then applied to fossil pollen data to reconstruct palaeovegetation patterns at 6000 and 18,000 14 C yr bp . The predicted modern distribution of tundra, taiga and cool conifer forests in Alaska and north‐western Canada generally corresponds well to actual vegetation patterns, although sites in regions characterized today by a mosaic of forest and tundra vegetation tend to be preferentially assigned to tundra. Siberian larch forests are delimited less well, probably due to the extreme under‐representation of Larix in pollen spectra. The biome distribution across Beringia at 6000 14 C yr bp was broadly similar to today, with little change in the northern forest limit, except for a possible northward advance in the Mackenzie delta region. The western forest limit in Alaska was probably east of its modern position. At 18,000 14 C yr bp the whole of Beringia was covered by tundra. However, the importance of the various plant functional types varied from site to site, supporting the idea that the vegetation cover was a mosaic of different tundra types.

Ozone tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity in soybean cultivars - Tatyana Chernikova; J. Michael Robinson; Edward H. Lee; Charles L. Mulchi (Photosynthesis Research, 2000)

A prospective study of plasma ascorbic acid concentrations and breast cancer (United States) - Kana Wu; Kathy J. Helzlsouer; Anthony J. Alberg; George W. Comstock; Edward P. Norkus; Sandra C. Hoffman (Cancer Causes & Control, 2000)

Effects of supplemental α-tocopherol and β-carotene on colorectal cancer: results from a controlled trial (Finland) - Demetrius Albanes; Nea Malila; Philip R. Taylor; Jussi K. Huttunen; Jarmo Virtamo; Brenda K. Edwards; Matti Rautalahti; Anne M. Hartman; Michael J. Barrett; Pirjo Pietinen; Terryl J. Hartman; Pentti Sipponen; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2000)

Factors influencing the induction of diapausing egg production in the calanoid copepod Diaptomus leptopus - David W. Piercey; Edward J. Maly (Aquatic Ecology, 2000)

Holocene river development and environmental change in Upper Wharfedale, Yorkshire Dales, England - Andy J. Howard; Mark G. Macklin; Stuart Black; Karen A. Hudson-Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2000)

Timing of Late Quaternary glaciations in the Himalayas of northern Pakistan - Benedict W. Richards; Lewis A. Owen; Edward J. Rhodes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2000)

Timing of Late Quaternary glaciations in the Himalayas of northern Pakistan - Benedict W. Richards; Lewis A. Owen; Edward J. Rhodes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2000)

Surface pollen‐vegetation relationships on the Atlantic seaboard: South Uist, Scotland - Barbara A. Brayshay; David D. Gilbertson; Martin Kent*; Kevin J. Edwards; Peter Wathern; Ruth E. Weaver (Journal of Biogeography, 2000)
Studies of modern pollen rain from remote islands have raised a number of interesting issues concerning the spatial precision of present‐day pollen spectra in relation to their parent plant community types. This paper examines the relationships and degree of correlation between a sequence of contemporary vegetation types, environments and their associated surface pollen spectra from a transect across the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Paired data on both contemporary vegetation and associated surface pollen assemblages have been collected and analysed using methods of numerical classification and ordination. In general terms, the modern pollen rain on South Uist reflects the major changes in vegetation pattern and the major community types fairly closely. The major boundary between the alkaline machair sand dune communities and the various acidic upland vegetation types is particularly clear. However, both variability in the vegetation and the effects of the strong prevailing westerly and south‐westerly winds tend to blur the boundaries of the various communities within each of these larger categories. On average 86.6% of the palynomorphs come from in‐community quadrat sources, while only 1.3% are from off‐island sources. The limited present‐day tree distribution on the transect is discussed in the context of the more widespread distribution of arboreal pollen. Overall, there is a strong numerical correspondence between vegetation, pollen and environmental variables. The various problems inherent in examining surface pollen spectra are reviewed.

Volcanic Morphology of the East Pacific Rise Crest 9°49′–52′: Implications for volcanic emplacement processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges - Gregory J. Kurras; Daniel J. Fornari; Margo H. Edwards; Michael R. Perfit; Matthew C. Smith (Marine Geophysical Research, 2000)

The structure and function of orchid pollinaria - S. D. Johnson; T. J. Edwards (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2000)

PRIMARY CULTURES OF MIDGUT CELLS FROM HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS CAN BE FROZEN AND STORED - MARCIA J. LOEB; JAMES L. VAUGHN; EDWARD A. CLARK (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2000)

Activity in deep intermediate layer collicular neurons during interrupted saccades - Edward L. Keller; Neeraj J. Gandhi; S. Vijay Sekaran (Experimental Brain Research, 2000)

Partitioning linear trends in age-adjusted rates - Benjamin F. Hankey; Lynn A. Ries; Carol L. Kosary; Eric J. Feuer; Ray M. Merrill; Limin X. Clegg; Brenda K. Edwards (Cancer Causes & Control, 2000)

Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVth international plant protection congress (IPPC) July 25–30, 1999 - R. Hull; H. A. Kuiper; Maryvon Y. Noordam; Marjorie A. Hoy; Jenny S. Cory; A. C. Fereres; P. Gonzalez; F. Meins; Y. Elkind; Benedicte Charrier; P. Meyer; M. Metzlaff; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1999)

A General Method for Constrained Analysis of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay: Application of the Steady-State Anisotropy - Edward L. Rachofsky; Barnabas Wolf; Carl N. Bialik; J. B. Alexander Ross; William R. Laws (Journal of Fluorescence, 1999)

Book review - J. H. Edwards (Journal of Genetics, 1999)

Palynology and people: observations on the British record - Kevin J. Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999)

Preface - Kevin J. Edwards; Jon P. Sadler (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999)

Landscape scale soil pollen analysis - Graeme Whittington; Kevin J. Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999)

Introduction: striving for an environment-human consensus - Kevin J. Edwards; Jon P. Sadler (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999)

Landscape scale soil pollen analysis - Graeme Whittington; Kevin J. Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999)

A conceptual model of vegetation dynamics on gravel bars of a large Alpine river - P.J. Edwards; J. Kollmann; A.M. Gurnell; G.E. Petts; K. Tockner; J.V. Ward (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 1999)

Optimisation of a Microsatellite Enrichment Technique in Saccharum spp. - Giovanni M. Cordeiro; Tina L. Maguire; Keith J. Edwards; Robert J. Henry (Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 1999)

Below-ground respiratory responses of sugar maple and red maple saplings to atmospheric CO2 enrichment and elevated air temperature - Nelson T. Edwards; Richard J. Norby (Plant and Soil, 1999)

Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A. - Martin J. Horgan; Edward L. Mills (Hydrobiologia, 1999)

Dimerisation of maize glutathione transferases in recombinant bacteria - David P. Dixon; David J. Cole; Robert Edwards (Plant Molecular Biology, 1999)

Combination benefit of PEGylated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (PEG sTNF-RI) and dexamethasone or indomethacin in adjuvant arthritic rats - A. M. Bendele; J. McComb; T. Gould; J. Frazier; E. S. Chlipala; J. Seely; G. Kieft; J. Wolf; C. K. Edwards, III (Inflammation Research, 1999)

A microsatellite marker associated with a QTL for grain protein content on chromosome arm 2DL of bread wheat - M. Prasad; R. K. Varshney; A. Kumar; H. S. Balyan; P. C. Sharma; K. J. Edwards; H-Singh; H. S. Dhaliwal; J. K. Roy; P. K. Gupta (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999)

Identification of a microsatellite on chromosomes 6B and a STS on 7D of bread wheat showing an association with preharvest sprouting tolerance - J. K. Roy; M. Prasad; R. K. Varshney; H. S. Balyan; T. K. Blake; H. S. Dhaliwal; H-Singh; K. J. Edwards; P. K. Gupta (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999)

Identification of stretch-responsive genes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by a two arbitrary primer-based mRNA differential display approach - Brahim Chaqour; Pamela S. Howard; Edward J. Macarak (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1999)

Effects of topography on rainforest tree community structure and diversity in American Samoa, and implications for frugivore and nectarivore populations - Edward L. Webb; Brooks J. Stanfield; Marya L. Jensen (Journal of Biogeography, 1999)
Summary Aim We investigated the spatial variation of rainforest tree community structure and composition to determine if forest structure and diversity varied as a function of topography; and in turn if this could influence patterns of habitat use by native forest birds and pteropodid bats. Location The study was undertaken on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa, located in the South Pacific Ocean. Methods All trees ≥10 cm diameter were censused in sixty 200 m 2 plots in ridge, slope and valley forest across the island of Tutuila. Results Forest structure varied significantly across topographical space. Ridge forest was shortest and had the highest stem densities, and valley forest was tallest with the fewest stems per unit area. Species richness was highest on ridges, and slope and valley forest were more similar in composition with each other than they were with ridge forest. Of the fifty‐two tree species encountered in the plots, nine showed a statistical affiliation to one of the three topographical positions. Main conclusions We explain patterns of forest structure and diversity in the context of chronic and catastrophic disturbances. Higher stem densities in ridge forest suggested a higher degree of disturbance on ridges, and this was supported by the fact that the height/diameter ratio of the forest was lowest on ridges, which indicated wind‐cropping. We hypothesize the potential effects of topographical variation and known phenological patterns on wildlife abundances. We predict that flowering episodes of ridge‐affiliated, bird‐visited species (particularly Syzygium inophylloides (A. Gray) C. Muell.; Myrtaceae) will concentrate honeyeater densities on ridges, and that fruiting of the tree Canarium vitiense A. Gray (Burseraceae) could localize populations of the Pacific pigeon ( Ducula pacifica ). Overall (i.e. net) bat foraging patterns are unlikely to be affected by either flowering or fruiting events. Most of the tree species on Tutuila are generalist in their demographic patterns, and the island is depauperate in wildlife fauna; the evolutionary and conservation implications are discussed. We conclude with the argument that conservation of vertebrate species is essential to maintain the current generalist demographic patterns of Samoan trees.

An Investigation Into the Mechanism by Which Synthetic Zeolites Reduce Labile Metal Concentrations in Soils - Robert Edwards; Irina Rebedea; Nicholas W. Lepp; Anthony J. Lovell (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 1999)

Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) and their conservation in the olive family (Oleaceae) - F. Lefort; S. Brachet; N. Frascaria‐Lacoste; K. J. Edwards; G. C. Douglas (Molecular Ecology, 1999)

Blooms of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus in Florida Bay, a subtropical inner‐shelf lagoon - Edward J. Phlips; Susan Badylak; Tammy C. Lynch (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
Seventeen sites in Florida Bay were sampled on a monthly basis for 51 months to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton blooms. The study focused on the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus . The greatest frequency and intensity of blooms was observed in the north‐central region of Florida Bay, where cellular biovolumes of this species regularly exceeded 10 × 10 6 μm 3 ml −1 and chlorophyll a concentrations were frequently >20 mg m −3 . Synechococcus blooms were often restricted to this region of the bay, in part because of the network of shallow mudbanks and islands that restrict water exchange with other regions and outlying waters of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. The most severe blooms occurred in the summer and fall (May–December). High concentrations of Synechococcus also appeared during the fall in the south‐central region of the bay. The appearance of blooms in this region coincided with the onset of seasonal cold fronts, whose strong northerly and northwesterly winds appear to drive bloom‐laden water from the north‐central region into adjacent parts of the bay. A number of physical and chemical factors appear to contribute to the remarkably high phytoplankton biovolumes observed in the north‐central region of Florida Bay. Physical factors include the shallowness and hydrological isolation of the region. The dominance of Synechococcus in the center of the bay may be attributable to several of the unique physicochemical characteristics of this species, including its small size, cyanobacterial metabolism, euryhaline character, buoyancy, and tolerance to high light intensity.

Two novel polymorphic sequences in the glucocerebrosidase gene region enhance mutational screening and founder effect studies of patients with Gaucher disease - Elaine K. Lau; Nahid Tayebi; Loring J. Ingraham; Suzanne L. Winfield; V. Koprivica; Deborah L. Stone; Ari Zimran; Edward I. Ginns; E. Sidransky (Human Genetics, 1999)

Abundance and polymorphism of microsatellite markers in the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae) - M. Rossetto; A. McLauchlan; F. C. L. Harriss; R. J. Henry; P. R. Baverstock; L. S. Lee; T. L. Maguire; K. J. Edwards (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999)

Responses of phytoplankton to varied resource availability in large lakes of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem - Sebastian J. Interlandi; Susan S. Kilham; Edward C. Theriot (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
We assessed phytoplankton dynamics in three lakes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to better understand the connections between changing environmental conditions and aquatic communities. This work primarily describes the connections between resource availability and phytoplankton seasonal succession in these lakes. We hypothesized that algal species efficient at utilizing a given resource (including N, P, Si, and light) would be correlated with low relative concentrations of those resources. The lakes generally exhibited moderate resource limitation, which is characteristic of lakes in subalpine and subarctic regions. Although in proximity, the lakes all exhibited different resource relationships: Lewis Lake was most P limited, Jackson Lake was most N limited, and Yellowstone Lake exhibited a moderate degree of N limitation along with periodic Si limitation. Mixing depths and light penetration were also variable among lakes. In 1996, spring diatom biomass was dominated by Stephanodiscus minutulus , Asterionella formosa , Aulacoseira subarctica , and Synedra sp. Relative abundances and dominance varied among the lakes. A. formosa and Synedra sp. abundances were positively correlated with total N:total P (TN:TP) levels in an analysis of data from all three lakes. A. subarctica was negatively correlated with TN:TP and all light:nutrient ratios. Species exhibiting late season maxima included Cyclotella bodanica , Fragilaria crotonensis , and Stephanodiscus niagarae . C. bodanica abundances corresponded to high‐light/low‐N situations, whereas S. niagarae maxima were found in high‐TN:TP/low‐light conditions. F. crotonensis abundances were most strongly positively correlated with total Si:TP and TN:TP. Environmental correlations were generally in good agreement with the measured physiological requirements of these species. Additionally, local population maxima of major species of diatoms never coincided.

Bio‐optical properties of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. I. Absorption and photosynthetic action spectra - Ajiit Subramaniam1; Edward J. Carpenter; Deneb Karentz; Paul G. Falkowski (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
The optical absorption, fluorescence excitation and emission, and photosynthetic action spectra were measured in vivo on intact colonies of Trichodesmium from the Caribbean Sea. The optical cross‐sections were dominated by ultraviolet‐A (UVA) absorption, which was a consequence of massive accumulations of mycosporinelike amino acids. The visible region of the spectrum was decomposed into several bands, among which chlorophyll a (Chl a ), carotenoids, and individual phycobilipigments could be discerned. There was a clear diel periodicity in the ratio of the optical absorption cross‐sections of phycourobilin (PUB) to phycoerythrobilin (PEB), increasing from around 1.7 at night to 2.1 at midmorning. The diel cycle in PUB/PEB is consistent with a reversible interconversion of the two pigments. The ratio of PUB/PEB was inversely correlated with the transfer of excitation energy to photosystem II (PSII). Light absorbed by PUB was not transferred to PSII with a high efficiency, but rather, a significant fraction was reemitted at 565 nm as fluorescence. These observations suggest that the PUBs and PEBs in Trichodesmium act as a dynamic biophysical energy valve that modify the rate of excitation energy delivered to PSII in response to changes in ambient light regime. The low‐temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra reveal an extremely weak 685‐nm emission signal in relation to that at 730 nm. Based on a simple model, these data suggest that the ratio of PSI/PSII reaction centers in Trichodesmium is about 24:1. Such an extraordinary bias against PSII may help minimize damage to nitrogenase from O 2 production in PSII, but it also reduces the photosynthesis‐enhanced growth and makes Trichodesmium virtually undetectable by chlorophyll fluorescence. The unique bio‐optical properties of Trichodesmium can be used to develop algorithms to study its temporal and spatial distributions from remotely sensed information.

Bio‐optical properties of the marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. II. A reflectance model for remote sensing - Ajiit Subramaniam1; Edward J. Carpenter; Paul G. Falkowski (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
The spatial and temporal distribution of Trichodesmium in the world's oceans is highly variable and can potentially be assessed using satellite imagery. Distinguishing these organisms from other phytoplankton in the upper ocean using remotely sensed information, however, requires an optical model that uniquely characterizes Trichodesmium . Here, we parameterize a standard remote‐sensing reflectance model using measured values of Trichodesmium 's inherent optical properties, namely the spectral dependence of the chlorophyll‐specific optical absorption cross‐sections and the spectral dependence of the chlorophyll‐specific backscatter cross‐sections. Values for the chlorophyll‐specific absorption cross sections are described in the previous paper. We calculated the spectral chlorophyll‐specific backscattering cross‐section (b * b ) from measurements of the chlorophyll‐specific volume‐scattering function and the spectral backscatter coefficients. b * b was 0.0027 m 2 (mg chlorophyll a [Chl a ]) −1 at 436 nm and 0.002 m 2 (mg Chl a ) −1 at 546 nm; these cross‐sections are approximately one order of magnitude higher than those for "typical" phytoplankton. The optical model revealed that the combination of high backscatter, absorption, and fluorescence could be used to distinguish moderate to high concentrations (>1 mg Chl m −3 )of Trichodesmium from other phytoplankton. The model also predicted that surface scum blooms of Trichodesmium would have high reflectance in the near infrared. The high reflectance feature of surface Trichodesmium blooms was used in conjunction with sea truth and data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) to map a 300,000‐km 2 Trichodesmium bloom off the Somali Coast in May 1995. The nitrogen fixed by this bloom was estimated to be 9.4 × 10 8 gN d −1 . These results demonstrate the potential of using remote‐sensing techniques in the estimation of nitrogen fixation and the contribution of nitrogen fixation to global biogeochemical processes.

Servicizing the Chemical Supply Chain - Edward D. Reiskin; Allen L. White; Jill Kauffman Johnson; Thomas J. Votta (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1999)
Summary Servicizing—the transformation from product‐to service‐based enterprise—is a major force in changing how firms manage material input, throughput, and output. Redefinition of the firm as a service provider instead of a product manufacturer means that function, not form, is the source of added value delivered to the customer. To realize the dematerialization benefits of such a transformation requires a fundamental realignment of the supplier‐customer relationship. Instead of the traditional incentives to maximize the volume of physical product sold, servicizing requires a partnership wherein the financial rewards of reduced material consumption are shared between supplier and customer. We illustrate this partnership concept with the example of chemical management services (CMS), an approach that is gaining momentum in the automobile and electronics sector. Compensation and gain‐sharing based on chemical efficiency and chemical use reduction, often tied to fixed price mechanisms, lie at the core of the CMS model. Diffusion of the servicizing model holds much promise for driving dematerialization while reducing the environmental burden of product manufacturers.

Biodegradation of 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-hydroxypyridine by an Arthrobacter sp. isolated from subsurface sediment - Edward J. O'Loughlin; Gerald K. Sims; Samuel J. Traina (Biodegradation, 1999)

A Revised Assessment of Species Redundancy and Ecosystem Reliability - Edward B. Rastetter; Laura Gough; Anne E. Hartley; Darrell A. Herbert; Knute J. Nadelhoffer; Mathew Williams (Conservation Biology, 1999)

Possible preferential metabolism of xylene isomers following occupational exposure to mixed xylenes - M. J. Miller; J. W. Edwards (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1999)

Reviews - Edward Maltby; William J. Mitsch; Charles Andrew Cole; Mark M. Brinson (Wetlands, 1999)

Pollination of sevenPlectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) in southern Natal, South Africa - C. J. Potgieter; T. J. Edwards; R. M. Miller; J. Van Staden (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1999)

Computationally Efficient Model for Simulating Electrical Activity in Cardiac Tissue with Fiber Rotation - Edward J. Vigmond; L. Josh Leon (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Seasonal Sulfate Deposition and Export Patterns for a Small Appalachian Watershed - Pamela J. Edwards; James D. Gregory; H. Lee Allen (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1999)

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of six new recombinant congenic strains derived from NOD/Shi and CBA/J genomes - Peter C. Reifsnyder; Jeffry C. Flynn; Amanda L. Gavin; Eric A. Simone; John J. Sharp; Lieselotte Herberg; Edward H. Leiter (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

Reversible inactivation of macaque dorsomedial frontal cortex: effects on saccades and fixations - Marc A. Sommer; Edward J. Tehovnik (Experimental Brain Research, 1999)

Contribution of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors to synaptic transmission from the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the medial subdivision of the medial geniculate nucleus in the rabbit - Tim J. Webber; Edward J. Green; Ray W. Winters; Neil Schneiderman; P. M. McCabe (Experimental Brain Research, 1999)

Callinectin, an Antibacterial Peptide from Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, Hemocytes - Lester Khoo; David W. Robinette; Edward J. Noga (Marine Biotechnology, 1999)

Statistical Issues for Monitoring Ecological and Natural Resources in the United States - Anthony R. Olsen; Joseph Sedransk; Don Edwards; Carol A. Gotway; Walter Liggett; Stephen Rathbun; Kenneth H. Reckhow; Linda J. Yyoung (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1999)

Errata - Kell Kristiansen; Lars P. Christensen; Yurong Chen; Edward O. Kenaschuk; J. Doug Procunier (Euphytica, 1998)

Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana C-8,7 sterol isomerase: functional and structural similarities to mammalian C-8,7 sterol isomerase/emopamil-binding protein - Robert J. Grebenok; Thomas E. Ohnmeiss; Alvin Yamamoto; Edward D. Huntley; David W. Galbraith; Dean Della Penna (Plant Molecular Biology, 1998)

Taurine indirectly increases [Ca]i by inducing Ca2+ influx through the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger - Ghassan Bkaily; Doris Jaalouk; Sawsan Sader; Hadia Shbaklo; Pierre Pothier; Danielle Jacques; Pedro D'Orléans-Juste; Edward J. Cragoe; forename Bose (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1998)

Compounded Perturbations Yield Ecological Surprises - Robert T. Paine; Mia J. Tegner; Edward A. Johnson (Ecosystems, 1998)

No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of Saxifraga cernua in the Alps using RAPD markers - M. R. BAUERT; M. KÄLIN; M. BALTISBERGER; P. J. EDWARDS (Molecular Ecology, 1998)
Genetic variation in seven relict populations of Saxifraga cernua from three regions of the Alps was investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. No variation, either within the populations or within the regions, could be demonstrated. Nevertheless, each alpine region was characterized by a unique RAPD phenotype. Absence of genetic variation in these relict populations is attributed to population bottlenecks and founder effects during or following the ice ages. Contrasting hypotheses about the history of these populations, either as survivors of the glacial period or as products of postglacial immigration, are discussed in the light of the data presented.

Relic permafrost structures in the Gobi of Mongolia: age and significance - Lewis A. Owen; Ben Richards; Edward J. Rhodes; W. Dickson Cunningham; Brian F. Windley; J. Badamgarav; D. Dorjnamjaa (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1998)

CO2 and O2 dependence of PS II activity in C4 plants having genetically produced deficiencies in the C3 or C4 cycle - João P. Maroco; Maurice S. B. Ku; Robert T. Furbank; Peter J. Lea; Richard C. Leegood; Gerald E. Edwards (Photosynthesis Research, 1998)

Partial Maintenance of Taurocholate Uptake by Adult Rat Hepatocytes Cultured in a Collagen Sandwich Configuration - Xingrong Liu; Kim L. R. Brouwer; Liang-Sheng L. Gan; Kenneth R. Brouwer; Bruno Stieger; Peter J. Meier; Kenneth L. Audus; Edward L. LeCluyse (Pharmaceutical Research, 1998)

Population dynamics of earthworm communities in corn agroecosystems receiving organic or inorganic fertilizer amendments - J. K. Whalen; R. W. Parmelee; C. A. Edwards (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1998)

Oxygen and differentiation inDictyostelium discoideum - J. T. Bonner; Lee Segel; Edward C. Cox (Journal of Biosciences, 1998)

Spawning ecology of flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus lattipinnis (Catostomidae), in two small tributaries of the lower Colorado River - Steven J. Weiss; Edward O. Otis; O. Eugene Maughan (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1998)