Prefrontal activation may predict working-memory training gain in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment - Anouk Vermeij; Roy P. C. Kessels; Linda Heskamp; Esther M. F. Simons; Paul L. J. Dautzenberg; Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Sexual response of male Drosophila to honey bee queen mandibular pheromone: implications for genetic studies of social insects - Justin R. Croft; Tom Liu; Alison L. Camiletti; Anne F. Simon; Graham J. Thompson (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2017)

Spatial Distribution and Residency of Green and Loggerhead Sea Turtles Using Coastal Reef Habitats in Southern Mozambique - Jessica L. Williams; Simon J. Pierce; Chris A. Rohner; Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; Mark Hamann (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Climate adaptation of food value chains: the implications of varying consumer acceptance - Lilly Lim-Camacho; Anoma Ariyawardana; Gemma K. Lewis; Steven J. Crimp; Simon Somogyi; Brad Ridoutt; Stuart Mark Howden (Regional Environmental Change, 2017)

A test of trophic cascade theory: fish and benthic assemblages across a predator density gradient on coral reefs - Jordan M. Casey; Andrew H. Baird; Simon J. Brandl; Mia O. Hoogenboom; Justin R. Rizzari; Ashley J. Frisch; Christopher E. Mirbach; Sean R. Connolly (Oecologia, 2017)

A computerized volumetric segmentation method applicable to multi-centre MRI data to support computer-aided breast tissue analysis, density assessment and lesion localization - Gokhan Ertas; Simon J. Doran; Martin O. Leach (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2017)

Insights into the migration of the European Roller from ring recoveries - Tom Finch; Jamie Dunning; Orsolya Kiss; Edmunds Račinskis; Timothée Schwartz; Laimonas Sniauksta; Otto Szekeres; Béla Tokody; Aldina Franco; Simon J. Butler (Journal of Ornithology, 2017)

Changes in pathways and vectors of biological invasions in Northwest Europe - Alexandra Zieritz; Belinda Gallardo; Simon J. Baker; J. Robert Britton; Johan L. C. H. van Valkenburg; Hugo Verreycken; David C. Aldridge (Biological Invasions, 2017)

Genetic diversity among Babesia rossi detected in naturally infected dogs in Abeokuta, Nigeria, based on 18S rRNA gene sequences - Michael I. Takeet; Adeoye J. Oyewusi; Simon A.V. Abakpa; Olukayode O. Daramola; Sunday O. Peters (Acta Parasitologica, 2017)
Adequate knowledge of the genetic diversity among

Evidence for the functions of surface‐active behaviors in humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) - Ailbhe S. Kavanagh; Kylie Owen; Michael J. Williamson; Simon P. Blomberg; Michael J. Noad; Anne W. Goldizen; Eric Kniest; Douglas H. Cato; Rebecca A. Dunlop (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)
As part of their social sound repertoire, migrating humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) perform a large variety of surface‐active behaviors, such as breaching and repetitive slapping of the pectoral fins and tail flukes; however, little is known about what factors influence these behaviors and what their functions might be. We investigated the potential functions of surface‐active behaviors in humpback whale groups by examining the social and environmental contexts in which they occurred. Focal observations on 94 different groups of whales were collected in conjunction with continuous acoustic monitoring, and data on the social and environmental context of each group. We propose that breaching may play a role in communication between distant groups as the probability of observing this behavior decreased significantly when the nearest whale group was within 4,000 m compared to beyond 4,000 m. Involvement in group interactions, such as the splitting of a group or a group joining with other whales, was an important factor in predicting the occurrence of pectoral, fluke, and peduncle slapping, and we suggest that they play a role in close‐range or within‐group communication. This study highlights the potentially important and diverse roles of surface‐active behaviors in the communication of migrating humpback whales.

Plenty more fish in the sea? - Reg A Watson; Tony J Pitcher; Simon Jennings (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
Only in the last century did humans overwhelmingly accept that fisheries resources are finite. Consequently, ‘there are more fish still in the sea than ever came out of it’ served as a popular metaphor for unbounded expectations for half a millennium, expectations that also extended to use of the planet in general. By reconstructing historical fishing back 1200 years, we identify when this metaphor actually ceased to be true. For some of our most important stocks, it has not been true for centuries, although surprisingly, for fishes globally, it applied until the last century. We demonstrate, however, that there can still be ‘plenty more fish in the sea’ and that with effective management they provide a continuous flow of benefits for our future.

Where Does River Runoff Matter for Coastal Marine Conservation? - Alexa Fredston-Hermann; Christopher J. Brown; Simon Albert; Carissa J. Klein; Sangeeta Mangubhai; Joanna L. Nelson; Lida Teneva; Amelia Wenger; Steven D. Gaines; Benjamin S. Halpern (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Climate change adaptation and mitigation in smallholder crop–livestock systems in sub-Saharan Africa: a call for integrated impact assessments - Katrien Descheemaeker; Simon J. Oosting; Sabine Homann-Kee Tui; Patricia Masikati; Gatien N. Falconnier; Ken E. Giller (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Computational Tracking of Shear-Mediated Platelet Interactions with von Willebrand Factor - Adam Ralph; Martin Somers; Jonathan Cowman; Bruno Voisin; Emma Hogan; Hannah Dunne; Eimear Dunne; Barry Byrne; Nigel Kent; Antonio J. Ricco; Dermot Kenny; Simon Wong (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2016)

Aerial low-frequency hearing in captive and free-ranging harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) measured using auditory brainstem responses - Klaus Lucke; Gordon D. Hastie; Kerstin Ternes; Bernie McConnell; Simon Moss; Deborah J. F. Russell; Heike Weber; Vincent M. Janik (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2016)

Human centromere repositioning within euchromatin after partial chromosome deletion - Lori L. Sullivan; Kristin A. Maloney; Aaron J. Towers; Simon G. Gregory; Beth A. Sullivan (Chromosome Research, 2016)

A Galaxy-based bioinformatics pipeline for optimised, streamlined microsatellite development from Illumina next-generation sequencing data - Sarah M. Griffiths; Graeme Fox; Peter J. Briggs; Ian J. Donaldson; Simon Hood; Pen Richardson; George W. Leaver; Nathan K. Truelove; Richard F. Preziosi (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2016)

Microsatellite discovery in an insular amphibian (Grandisonia alternans) with comments on cross-species utility and the accuracy of locus identification from unassembled Illumina data - Eleanor A. S. Adamson; Anwesha Saha; Simon T. Maddock; Ronald A. Nussbaum; David J. Gower; Jeffrey W. Streicher (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2016)

Lessons on Climate Sensitivity From Past Climate Changes - Anna S. von der Heydt; Henk A. Dijkstra; Roderik S. W. van de Wal; Rodrigo Caballero; Michel Crucifix; Gavin L. Foster; Matthew Huber; Peter Köhler; Eelco Rohling; Paul J. Valdes; Peter Ashwin; Sebastian Bathiany; et al. (Current Climate Change Reports, 2016)

Aquatic food security: insights into challenges and solutions from an analysis of interactions between fisheries, aquaculture, food safety, human health, fish and human welfare, economy and environment - Simon Jennings; Grant D Stentiford; Ana M Leocadio; Keith R Jeffery; Julian D Metcalfe; Ioanna Katsiadaki; Neil A Auchterlonie; Stephen C Mangi; John K Pinnegar; Tim Ellis; Edmund J Peeler; Tiziana Luisetti; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Fisheries and aquaculture production, imports, exports and equitability of distribution determine the supply of aquatic food to people. Aquatic food security is achieved when a food supply is sufficient, safe, sustainable, shockproof and sound: sufficient, to meet needs and preferences of people; safe, to provide nutritional benefit while posing minimal health risks; sustainable, to provide food now and for future generations; shock‐proof, to provide resilience to shocks in production systems and supply chains; and sound, to meet legal and ethical standards for welfare of animals, people and environment. Here, we present an integrated assessment of these elements of the aquatic food system in the United Kingdom, a system linked to dynamic global networks of producers, processors and markets. Our assessment addresses sufficiency of supply from aquaculture, fisheries and trade; safety of supply given biological, chemical and radiation hazards; social, economic and environmental sustainability of production systems and supply chains; system resilience to social, economic and environmental shocks; welfare of fish, people and environment; and the authenticity of food. Conventionally, these aspects of the food system are not assessed collectively, so information supporting our assessment is widely dispersed. Our assessment reveals trade‐offs and challenges in the food system that are easily overlooked in sectoral analyses of fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and environment. We highlight potential benefits of an integrated, systematic and ongoing process to assess security of the aquatic food system and to predict impacts of social, economic and environmental change on food supply and demand.

Enhancing conservation of A ustralian freshwater ecosystems: identification of freshwater flagship fishes and relevant target audiences - Brendan C Ebner; David L Morgan; Adam Kerezsy; Scott Hardie; Stephen J Beatty; Jamie E Seymour; James A Donaldson; Simon Linke; Stirling Peverell; David Roberts; Thomas Espinoza; Nadine Marshall; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Flagship species, especially mammals and birds, are commonly used to increase awareness of conservation issues in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, flagship species oriented programs are often ad hoc with initiatives scarce in the freshwater context. Here, we aim to identify potential flagship candidates that would appeal to a broad cross section of society at a continental scale where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from human impacts. We identified 19 species from a list of 299 Australian freshwater fishes on the basis of body size, trophic guild and threatened species status assuming these characteristics of flagship species are transferable from previous work on terrestrial flagship species. We considered the potential of species to be of international appeal but focused mostly on eight relevant interest groups within Australia. This followed the rationale that public engagement with conservation issues in freshwater systems might be more effective if the link between fish species and the decisions people make were better understood, and we acknowledge the diverging interests of stakeholders. This scoping work contributes towards addressing the challenges of connecting societies to the principles of sharing water resources with ecosystems, and represents the first continental‐scale assessment of its kind.

A perspective on the importance of oceanic fronts in promoting aggregation of visitors to seamounts - Telmo Morato; Peter I Miller; Daniel C Dunn; Simon J Nicol; James Bowcott; Patrick N Halpin (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Recent evidence has demonstrated that not all seamounts are areas where productivity, biomass and biodiversity of marine life thrive. Therefore, understanding the drivers and mechanisms underlying seamount productivity is a major challenge in today's seamount research. Incorporating oceanographic data in future analyses has been suggested to be of paramount importance to unveil many of the seamount ecology paradigms. Persistent hydrographic features, such as oceanic fronts, have been recognized to enhance biological activity and to drive marine animal distributions and migration patterns. However, the importance of oceanic fronts in driving aggregations of visiting animals on seamounts has not been understood yet. Here, we analysed a data set of seamounts in the P acific O cean alongside satellite‐derived maps of strong, persistent and frequently occurring oceanographic features, to evaluate if oceanic fronts promote aggregation of visitors on seamounts. Our analyses suggest that seamounts with a higher front frequency were more likely to aggregate tuna catch than average seamounts. However, it appears that fronts may be driving factors for aggregation only if present above a certain threshold. These results highlight the importance of environmental conditions in general, and oceanic fronts in particular, in promoting seamount productivity. We therefore argue that a thorough examination of the oceanographic conditions promoting seamount productivity at various temporal and spatial scales is warranted in future seamount research agendas.

Performance on the Cogstate Brief Battery Is Related to Amyloid Levels and Hippocampal Volume in Very Mild Dementia - Yen Ying Lim; Victor L. Villemagne; Simon M. Laws; Robert H. Pietrzak; David Ames; Christopher Fowler; Stephanie Rainey-Smith; Peter J. Snyder; Pierrick Bourgeat; Ralph N. Martins; Olivier Salvado; Christopher C. Rowe; et al. (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Rectal prolapse in Winnie mice with spontaneous chronic colitis: changes in intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the rectum - Ahmed A. Rahman; Ainsley M. Robinson; Simon J. H. Brookes; Rajaraman Eri; Kulmira Nurgali (Cell and Tissue Research, 2016)

Localised magmatic constraints on continental back-arc volcanism in southern Mendoza, Argentina: the Santa Maria Volcano - Venera R. Espanon; Allan R. Chivas; Simon P. Turner; Leslie P. J. Kinsley; Anthony Dosseto (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2016)

Handaxe and non‐handaxe assemblages during Marine Isotope Stage 11 in northern Europe: recent investigations at Barnham, Suffolk, UK - Nick Ashton; Simon G. Lewis; Simon A. Parfitt; Rob J. Davis; Chris Stringer (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2016)
Britain has an important geological, environmental and archaeological record for Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11), which makes a major contribution to understanding of the human occupation of northern Europe. New fieldwork at Barnham, Suffolk, UK, has identified through improved geological resolution the change in assemblages from simple core and flake working to those with handaxe technology. The two assemblages are argued to reflect distinct human populations from different source areas in Europe. The paper examines the European record and puts forward a new model of how the complex mosaic of lithic assemblages reflects local, habitual practices during stable environments, but changes in climate and environment led to larger scale shifts in population, resulting in new human groups arriving in Britain.

Primary productivity is weakly related to floristic alpha and beta diversity across Australia - Hugh M. Burley; Karel Mokany; Simon Ferrier; Shawn W. Laffan; Kristen J. Williams; Tom D. Harwood (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Ecosystem functions such as productivity may be influenced not only by the biological diversity at each location (α‐diversity) but also by the biological turnover between locations (β‐diversity). We perform a continental‐scale test of the strength and direction of relationships between gross primary productivity (GPP) and both α‐ and β‐diversity. Location Continental Australia. Methods Species occurrence records were used to quantify the taxonomic α‐diversity of vascular plants in approximately 11,000 1 km × 1 km grid cells across Australia, and to calculate the average β‐diversity within a 10‐km radius around each cell. The magnitude and variability of monthly, MODIS‐derived remotely sensed GPP (2001–12) were summarized for continental Australia, as were rainfall and temperature over the same period. Generalized additive models were then used to test whether the magnitude or variability of GPP were distinctly influenced by either biodiversity measure, over and above the influence of environmental conditions. Results Precipitation and temperature explained large proportions of deviance in the magnitude (75.6%) and variability (38.3%) of GPP across the Australian continent. GPP was marginally more strongly related to species richness than it was to species turnover. However, neither diversity measure provided substantial increases in the explanatory power of GPP models over and above that of environment‐only models (always Main conclusions The relationship between primary productivity and taxonomic α‐ and β‐diversity was weak for the Australian flora. Our findings question the generality of key assumptions, predictions and results in the literature regarding the strength of empirical relationships between productivity and biodiversity across multiple biological levels (α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity) at macroecological scales.

Overview of the potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its analytical determination - Cristina Porojan; Simon M. Mitrovic; Darren C. J. Yeo; Ambrose Furey (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2016)

Nano-Bio Interactions: Guiding the Development of Nanoparticle Therapeutics, Diagnostics, and Imaging Agents - Simon R. Corrie; Kristofer J. Thurecht (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date - Daniel Bobo; Kye J. Robinson; Jiaul Islam; Kristofer J. Thurecht; Simon R. Corrie (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Habitat availability and geographic isolation as potential drivers of population structure in an oceanic dolphin in the Southwest Indian Ocean - Amélia Viricel; Benoit Simon-Bouhet; Laura Ceyrac; Violaine Dulau-Drouot; Per Berggren; Omar A. Amir; Narriman S. Jiddawi; Philippe Mongin; Jeremy J. Kiszka (Marine Biology, 2016)

Mass‐flowering crops dilute pollinator abundance in agricultural landscapes across Europe - Andrea Holzschuh; Matteo Dainese; Juan P. González‐Varo; Sonja Mudri‐Stojnić; Verena Riedinger; Maj Rundlöf; Jeroen Scheper; Jennifer B. Wickens; Victoria J. Wickens; Riccardo Bommarco; David Kleijn; Simon G. Potts; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Mass‐flowering crops ( MFC s) are increasingly cultivated and might influence pollinator communities in MFC fields and nearby semi‐natural habitats ( SNH s). Across six European regions and 2 years, we assessed how landscape‐scale cover of MFC s affected pollinator densities in 408 MFC fields and adjacent SNH s. In MFC fields, densities of bumblebees, solitary bees, managed honeybees and hoverflies were negatively related to the cover of MFC s in the landscape. In SNH s, densities of bumblebees declined with increasing cover of MFC s but densities of honeybees increased. The densities of all pollinators were generally unrelated to the cover of SNH s in the landscape. Although MFC fields apparently attracted pollinators from SNH s, in landscapes with large areas of MFC s they became diluted. The resulting lower densities might negatively affect yields of pollinator‐dependent crops and the reproductive success of wild plants. An expansion of MFC s needs to be accompanied by pollinator‐supporting practices in agricultural landscapes.

Ontogenetic shifts in the social behaviour of pairing coral reef rabbitfishes (Siganidae) - Christopher E. Mirbach; Simon J. Brandl (Marine Biology Research, 2016)

Review of the life history characteristics, ecology and fisheries for deep-water tropical demersal fish in the Indo-Pacific region - Stephen J. Newman; Ashley J. Williams; Corey B. Wakefield; Simon J. Nicol; Brett M. Taylor; Joseph M. O’Malley (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2016)

Erratum to: The continuous performance test (rCPT) for mice: a novel operant touchscreen test of attentional function - Chi Hun Kim; Martha Hvoslef-Eide; Simon R. O. Nilsson; Mark R. Johnson; Bronwen R. Herbert; Trevor W. Robbins; Lisa M. Saksida; Timothy J. Bussey; Adam C. Mar (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Microtopographic refuges shape consumer-producer dynamics by mediating consumer functional diversity - Simon J. Brandl; David R. Bellwood (Oecologia, 2016)

Short-interval cortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation during submaximal voluntary contractions changes with fatigue - Sandra K. Hunter; Chris J. McNeil; Jane E. Butler; Simon C. Gandevia; Janet L. Taylor (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Effects of a common transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol on motor evoked potentials found to be highly variable within individuals over 9 testing sessions - Jared Cooney Horvath; Simon J. Vogrin; Olivia Carter; Mark J. Cook; Jason D. Forte (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Polypharmacy and medication regimen complexity as factors associated with staff informant rated quality of life in residents of aged care facilities: a cross-sectional study - Samanta Lalic; Kris M. Jamsen; Barbara C. Wimmer; Edwin C.K. Tan; Sarah N. Hilmer; Leonie Robson; Tina Emery; J. Simon Bell (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016)

A 2-Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinoline Stimulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation by Modulating ROS Signalling - Cathryn L. Haigh; Carolin Tumpach; Steven J. Collins; Simon C. Drew (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2016)

Dwelling in the biosphere: exploring an embodied human–environment connection in resilience thinking - Benjamin Cooke; Simon West; Wiebren J. Boonstra (Sustainability Science, 2016)

Periostin as a multifunctional modulator of the wound healing response - John T. Walker; Karrington McLeod; Shawna Kim; Simon J. Conway; Douglas W. Hamilton (Cell and Tissue Research, 2016)

A comparative review of fisheries management experiences in the E uropean U nion and in other countries worldwide: I celand, A ustralia, and N ew Z ealand - Paul Marchal; Jesper Levring Andersen; Martin Aranda; Mike Fitzpatrick; Leyre Goti; Olivier Guyader; Gunnar Haraldsson; Aaron Hatcher; Troels Jacob Hegland; Pascal Le Floc'h; Claire Macher; Loretta Malvarosa; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
This study compares the details and performance of fisheries management between the EU and a selection of other countries worldwide: Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, which are considered in many respects to be among the most advanced in the world in fisheries management. Fisheries management in the EU , Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand has developed following different paths, despite being based on similar instruments and principles. Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand have been at the forefront of developing management practices such as stakeholder involvement, legally binding management targets (Australia, New Zealand), individual transferable quotas, and discard bans (Iceland, New Zealand). The EU has since the beginning of the 21st century taken significant steps to better involve stakeholders and establish quantitative targets through management plans, and a landing obligation is gradually being implemented from 2015 onward. The management of domestic fisheries resources in Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland has, overall, performed better than in the EU , in terms of conservation and economic efficiency. It should, however, be stressed that, compared to Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland, (i) initial over‐capacity was more of an issue in the EU when management measures became legally binding and also that (ii) EU has been progressive in developing common enforcement standards, on stocks shared by sovereign nations. The situation of EU fisheries has substantially improved over the period 2004–2013 in the northeast Atlantic, with fishery status getting close to that in the other jurisdictions, but the lack of recovery for Mediterranean fish stocks remains a concern.

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

A saturated SNP linkage map for the orange wheat blossom midge resistance gene Sm1 - Mulualem T. Kassa; Sabrina Haas; Edgar Schliephake; Clare Lewis; Frank M. You; Curtis J. Pozniak; Ilona Krämer; Dragan Perovic; Andrew G. Sharpe; Pierre R. Fobert; Michael Koch; Ian L. Wise; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016)

Susceptibility to disease varies with ontogeny and immunocompetence in a threatened amphibian - Amalina Abu Bakar; Deborah S. Bower; Michelle P. Stockwell; Simon Clulow; John Clulow; Michael J. Mahony (Oecologia, 2016)

Combined immunodeficiency in a patient with mosaic monosomy 21 - Erez Rechavi; Sarina Levy-Mendelovich; Tali Stauber; Jana Shamash; Shlomit Reinstein; Helly Vernitsky; Dganit Adam; Amos J. Simon; Atar Lev; Annick Raas-Rothschild; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2016)

Enzymatic capacities of metabolic fuel use in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and responses to food deprivation: insight into the metabolic organization and starvation survival strategy of cephalopods - Ben Speers-Roesch; Neal I. Callaghan; Tyson J. MacCormack; Simon G. Lamarre; Antonio V. Sykes; William R. Driedzic (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2016)

Compatibility of Amblyseius swirskii with Beauveria bassiana: two potentially complimentary biocontrol agents - Audun Midthassel; Simon R. Leather; Denis J. Wright; Ian H. Baxter (BioControl, 2016)

Land cover change and carbon emissions over 100 years in an A frican biodiversity hotspot - Simon Willcock; Oliver L. Phillips; Philip J. Platts; Ruth D. Swetnam; Andrew Balmford; Neil D. Burgess; Antje Ahrends; Julian Bayliss; Nike Doggart; Kathryn Doody; Eibleis Fanning; Jonathan M. H. Green; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Agricultural expansion has resulted in both land use and land cover change ( LULCC ) across the tropics. However, the spatial and temporal patterns of such change and their resulting impacts are poorly understood, particularly for the presatellite era. Here, we quantify the LULCC history across the 33.9 million ha watershed of Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains, using geo‐referenced and digitized historical land cover maps (dated 1908, 1923, 1949 and 2000). Our time series from this biodiversity hotspot shows that forest and savanna area both declined, by 74% (2.8 million ha) and 10% (2.9 million ha), respectively, between 1908 and 2000. This vegetation was replaced by a fivefold increase in cropland, from 1.2 million ha to 6.7 million ha. This LULCC implies a committed release of 0.9 Pg C (95% CI : 0.4–1.5) across the watershed for the same period, equivalent to 0.3 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . This is at least threefold higher than previous estimates from global models for the same study area. We then used the LULCC data from before and after protected area creation, as well as from areas where no protection was established, to analyse the effectiveness of legal protection on land cover change despite the underlying spatial variation in protected areas. We found that, between 1949 and 2000, forest expanded within legally protected areas, resulting in carbon uptake of 4.8 (3.8–5.7) Mg C ha −1 , compared to a committed loss of 11.9 (7.2–16.6) Mg C ha −1 within areas lacking such protection. Furthermore, for nine protected areas where LULCC data are available prior to and following establishment, we show that protection reduces deforestation rates by 150% relative to unprotected portions of the watershed. Our results highlight that considerable LULCC occurred prior to the satellite era, thus other data sources are required to better understand long‐term land cover trends in the tropics.

How variation between individuals affects species coexistence - Simon P. Hart; Sebastian J. Schreiber; Jonathan M. Levine (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Although the effects of variation between individuals within species are traditionally ignored in studies of species coexistence, the magnitude of intraspecific variation in nature is forcing ecologists to reconsider. Compelling intuitive arguments suggest that individual variation may provide a previously unrecognised route to diversity maintenance by blurring species‐level competitive differences or substituting for species‐level niche differences. These arguments, which are motivating a large body of empirical work, have rarely been evaluated with quantitative theory. Here we incorporate intraspecific variation into a common model of competition and identify three pathways by which this variation affects coexistence: (1) changes in competitive dynamics because of nonlinear averaging, (2) changes in species’ mean interaction strengths because of variation in underlying traits (also via nonlinear averaging) and (3) effects on stochastic demography. As a consequence of the first two mechanisms, we find that intraspecific variation in competitive ability increases the dominance of superior competitors, and intraspecific niche variation reduces species‐level niche differentiation, both of which make coexistence more difficult. In addition, individual variation can exacerbate the effects of demographic stochasticity, and this further destabilises coexistence. Our work provides a theoretical foundation for emerging empirical interests in the effects of intraspecific variation on species diversity.

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Expression of the retinoic acid catabolic enzyme CYP26B1 in the human brain to maintain signaling homeostasis - Patrick N. Stoney; Yara D. Fragoso; Reem Bu Saeed; Anna Ashton; Timothy Goodman; Claire Simons; Mohamed S. Gomaa; Angelo Sementilli; Leonardo Sementilli; Alexander W. Ross; Peter J. Morgan; Peter J. McCaffery (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Brain white matter structure and information processing speed in healthy older age - Ksenia A. Kuznetsova; Susana Muñoz Maniega; Stuart J. Ritchie; Simon R. Cox; Amos J. Storkey; John M. Starr; Joanna M. Wardlaw; Ian J. Deary; Mark E. Bastin (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Mesophotic fishes of the Abrolhos Shelf, the largest reef ecosystem in the South Atlantic - T. Simon; H. T. Pinheiro; R. L. Moura; A. Carvalho‐Filho; L. A. Rocha; A. S. Martins; E. Mazzei; R. B. Francini‐Filho; G. M. Amado‐Filho; J.‐C. Joyeux (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
Fishes inhabiting rhodolith beds and reefs at mesophotic depths on the Abrolhos Shelf, which encompasses the largest and richest coral reef formation in the South Atlantic Ocean, were assessed through technical diving and remotely operated vehicles ( ROVs ). A total of 74 fish species were recorded, including at least one new species, one new record for the south‐western Atlantic and six new records for the Abrolhos region. Overfishing, mining and port activities are already threatening many endangered and commercially important species recorded on the mesophotic reefs of Abrolhos Shelf, and the establishment of marine protected areas and off‐reserve fisheries regulations are urgently needed.

Worldwide Analysis of Sedimentary DNA Reveals Major Gaps in Taxonomic Knowledge of Deep-Sea Benthos - Frédéric Sinniger; Jan Pawlowski; Saki Harii; Andrew J. Gooday; Hiroyuki Yamamoto; Pierre Chevaldonné; Tomas Cedhagen; Gary Carvalho; Simon Creer (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Quantifying changes to historic fish habitat extent on north coast NSW floodplains, Australia - Kerrylee Rogers; Evan J. Knoll; Craig Copeland; Simon Walsh (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

A mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome shows prefrontal neurophysiological dysfunctions and attentional impairment - Simon R. O. Nilsson; Pau Celada; Kim Fejgin; Jonas Thelin; Jacob Nielsen; Noemí Santana; Christopher J. Heath; Peter H. Larsen; Vibeke Nielsen; Brianne A. Kent; Lisa M. Saksida; Tine B. Stensbøl; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Roles of nitrogen and phosphorus in growth responses and toxin production (using LC-MS/MS) of tropical Microcystis ichthyoblabe and M. flos-aquae - Maxine A. D. Mowe; Feras Abbas; Cristina Porojan; Simon M. Mitrovic; Richard P. Lim; Ambrose Furey; Darren C. J. Yeo (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016)

Formal modelling of predator preferences using molecular gut-content analysis - Edward A. Roualdes; Simon J. Bonner; Thomas D. Whitney; James D. Harwood (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2016)

Decreased integrity of the fronto-temporal fibers of the left inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia - Lena K. L. Oestreich; Simon McCarthy-Jones; Thomas J. Whitford (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Glycoproteomic studies of IgE from a novel hyper IgE syndrome linked to PGM3 mutation - Gang Wu; Paul G. Hitchen; Maria Panico; Simon J. North; Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche; Daniel Binet; Howard R. Morris; Anne Dell; Stuart M. Haslam (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2016)

Non-cultured faecal and gastrointestinal seed samples fail to detect Trichomonad infection in clinically and sub-clinically infected columbid birds - Jenny C. Dunn; Jennifer E. Stockdale; Alexandra McCubbin; Rebecca C. Thomas; Simon J. Goodman; Philip V. Grice; Antony J. Morris; Keith C. Hamer; William O. C. Symondson (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2016)

Regional and seasonal variation in airborne grass pollen levels between cities of Australia and New Zealand - Danielle E. Medek; Paul J. Beggs; Bircan Erbas; Alison K. Jaggard; Bradley C. Campbell; Don Vicendese; Fay H. Johnston; Ian Godwin; Alfredo R. Huete; Brett J. Green; Pamela K. Burton; David M. J. S. Bowman; et al. (Aerobiologia, 2016)

Genetic isolation between coastal and fishery‐impacted, offshore bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops spp.) populations - Simon J. Allen; Kate A. Bryant; Robert H. S. Kraus; Neil R. Loneragan; Anna M. Kopps; Alexander M. Brown; Livia Gerber; Michael Krützen (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
The identification of species and population boundaries is important in both evolutionary and conservation biology. In recent years, new population genetic and computational methods for estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses in a quantitative manner have emerged. Using a Bayesian framework and a quantitative model‐testing approach, we evaluated the species status and genetic connectedness of bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops spp.) populations off remote northwestern Australia, with a focus on pelagic ‘offshore’ dolphins subject to incidental capture in a trawl fishery. We analysed 71 dolphin samples from three sites beyond the 50 m depth contour (the inshore boundary of the fishery) and up to 170 km offshore, including incidentally caught and free‐ranging individuals associating with trawl vessels, and 273 dolphins sampled at 12 coastal sites inshore of the 50 m depth contour and within 10 km of the coast. Results from 19 nuclear microsatellite markers showed significant population structure between dolphins from within the fishery and coastal sites, but also among dolphins from coastal sites, identifying three coastal populations. Moreover, we found no current or historic gene flow into the offshore population in the region of the fishery, indicating a complete lack of recruitment from coastal sites. Mitochondrial DNA corroborated our findings of genetic isolation between dolphins from the offshore population and coastal sites. Most offshore individuals formed a monophyletic clade with common bottlenose dolphins ( T. truncatus ), while all 273 individuals sampled coastally formed a well‐supported clade of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( T. aduncus ). By including a quantitative modelling approach, our study explicitly took evolutionary processes into account for informing the conservation and management of protected species. As such, it may serve as a template for other, similarly inaccessible study populations.

The Limits of Dispersal: Fine Scale Spatial Genetic Structure in Australian Sea Lions - Heidi Ahonen; Andrew D. Lowther; Robert G. Harcourt; Simon D. Goldsworthy; Isabelle Charrier; Adam J. Stow (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Saving land to feed a growing population: consequences for consumption of crop and livestock products - Heleen R. J. Van Kernebeek; Simon J. Oosting; Martin K. Van Ittersum; Paul Bikker; Imke J. M. De Boer (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2016)

The microRNA-29 family in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis - Linh T. T. Le; Tracey E. Swingler; Natalie Crowe; Tonia L. Vincent; Matthew J. Barter; Simon T. Donell; Anne M. Delany; Tamas Dalmay; David A. Young; Ian M. Clark (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016)

Association of genetic susceptibility variants for type 2 diabetes with breast cancer risk in women of European ancestry - Zhiguo Zhao; Wanqing Wen; Kyriaki Michailidou; Manjeet K. Bolla; Qin Wang; Ben Zhang; Jirong Long; Xiao-Ou Shu; Marjanka K. Schmidt; Roger L. Milne; Montserrat García-Closas; Jenny Chang-Claude; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

An assessment of the ocean wave climate of New Zealand as represented in Kidson's synoptic types - Jack H. J. Coggins; Simon Parsons; David Schiel (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Recent studies have shown large increases in global significant ocean wave height since the genesis of satellite‐borne altimeter wave observations in the mid‐1980s. The island nation of New Zealand ( NZ ) has many coastal communities and ecosystems which are sensitive to changes in ocean wave climate. In this article we document regional ocean wave height in the seas around NZ , employing significant wave height output from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) Re‐analysis (ERA)‐Interim reanalysis. Initially, we perform a comparison against independent satellite altimeter observations in deep waters around NZ . Results indicate that the ERA ‐Interim well represents wave heights in this region, although there is some underestimation of extremes. We apply the Kidson types, a synoptic climatology of NZ lower atmospheric circulation to the wave fields, finding that mean swell and wind‐sea heights greatly depend on local weather conditions. High waves in the south of the country coincide with local strong south‐westerly winds, while those in the north are dominated by distantly generated swells, punctuated by strong local events. Linear trend analysis of ocean wave height shows increases that are statistically significant in many areas. Trends vary by location and season, are larger in winter than summer, and appear to change according to different seasonal forcings. We find that summer wave trends are congruent with mean sea‐level pressure gradient trends in large sectors of the Southern Ocean, suggesting that distant forcing is important. In summer, the height of swells has increased over the period examined, while those of locally generated wind‐sea have decreased. This is consistent with the movement south and intensification of the near‐surface westerly jet. In winter, trends are forced via intensification and shifts in the dominant NZ wind patterns. Pressure gradient congruent trends are large only in the vicinity of NZ , and both the heights of swell and wind‐sea have increased over the period.

Vascular plants promote ancient peatland carbon loss with climate warming - Tom N. Walker; Mark H. Garnett; Susan E. Ward; Simon Oakley; Richard D. Bardgett; Nicholas J. Ostle (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Northern peatlands have accumulated one third of the Earth's soil carbon stock since the last Ice Age. Rapid warming across northern biomes threatens to accelerate rates of peatland ecosystem respiration. Despite compensatory increases in net primary production, greater ecosystem respiration could signal the release of ancient, century‐ to millennia‐old carbon from the peatland organic matter stock. Warming has already been shown to promote ancient peatland carbon release, but, despite the key role of vegetation in carbon dynamics, little is known about how plants influence the source of peatland ecosystem respiration. Here, we address this issue using in situ 14 C measurements of ecosystem respiration on an established peatland warming and vegetation manipulation experiment. Results show that warming of approximately 1 °C promotes respiration of ancient peatland carbon (up to 2100 years old) when dwarf‐shrubs or graminoids are present, an effect not observed when only bryophytes are present. We demonstrate that warming likely promotes ancient peatland carbon release via its control over organic inputs from vascular plants. Our findings suggest that dwarf‐shrubs and graminoids prime microbial decomposition of previously ‘locked‐up’ organic matter from potentially deep in the peat profile, facilitating liberation of ancient carbon as CO 2 . Furthermore, such plant‐induced peat respiration could contribute up to 40% of ecosystem CO 2 emissions. If consistent across other subarctic and arctic ecosystems, this represents a considerable fraction of ecosystem respiration that is currently not acknowledged by global carbon cycle models. Ultimately, greater contribution of ancient carbon to ecosystem respiration may signal the loss of a previously stable peatland carbon pool, creating potential feedbacks to future climate change.

Natal origin and population connectivity of bigeye and yellowfin tuna in the Pacific Ocean - Jay R. Rooker; R. J. David Wells; David G. Itano; Simon R. Thorrold; Jessica M. Lee (Fisheries Oceanography, 2016)
Natural chemical markers (stable isotopes and trace elements) in otoliths of bigeye tuna ( Thunnus obesus ) and yellowfin tuna ( T . albacares ) were used to investigate their origin and spatial histories in the western and central Pacific Ocean ( WCPO ). Otolith chemistry of young‐of‐the‐year ( YOY ) T. obesus and T. albacares from four regions in the WCPO was first determined and used to establish baseline chemical signatures for each region. Spatial variation in stable isotope ratios of YOY T. obesus and T. albacares was detected, with the most noticeable difference being depleted otolith δ 18 O values for both species from the far west equatorial and west equatorial regions relative to the central equatorial and Hawaii regions. Elemental ratios in otoliths were also quantified for YOY T. obesus and T. albacares collected in 2008, and several showed promise for distinguishing YOY T. obesus (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Ba:Ca) and T. albacares (Li:Ca and Sr:Ca). The natal origin of age‐1 to age‐2+ T. obesus and T. albacares was then determined for two regions of the WCPO , and mixed‐stock analysis indicated that T . obesus and T. albacares in our west equatorial sample were almost entirely from local production, with a minor contribution from central equatorial waters. Similarly, T. albacares collected in Hawaii were exclusively from local sources; however, a large fraction of T. obesus in Hawaii were classified to the central equatorial region, suggesting that the movement of migrants from outside production zones (i.e., south of Hawaii) are important to Hawaii's domestic fishery.

Highlighting the problematic reliance on CD18 for diagnosing leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 - Sarina Levy-Mendelovich; Erez Rechavi; Omar Abuzaitoun; Helly Vernitsky; Amos J. Simon; Atar Lev; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2016)

A combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of levodopa motor response and dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease patients - N. Simon; F. Viallet; A. Boulamery; A. Eusebio; D. Gayraud; J-P. Azulay (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016)

Common dab, Limanda limanda (L.), as a natural carrier of salmonid alphavirus ( SAV ) from waters off north‐west Ireland - J Simons; D W Bruno; Y‐M Ho; W Murray; I Matejusova (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2016)

An integrated pan‐tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets - Valerio Avitabile; Martin Herold; Gerard B. M. Heuvelink; Simon L. Lewis; Oliver L. Phillips; Gregory P. Asner; John Armston; Peter S. Ashton; Lindsay Banin; Nicolas Bayol; Nicholas J. Berry; Pascal Boeckx; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass ( AGB ) ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 108 , 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change , 2 , 2012, 182) into a pan‐tropical AGB map at 1‐km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high‐resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1‐km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N–23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9–18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South‐East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15–21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha −1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha −1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy‐relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country‐specific reference datasets.

Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of important bird and biodiversity areas - Moreno Di Marco; Thomas Brooks; Annabelle Cuttelod; Lincoln D.C. Fishpool; Carlo Rondinini; Robert J. Smith; Leon Bennun; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Simon Ferrier; Ruud P.B. Foppen; Lucas Joppa; Diego Juffe‐Bignoli; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2016)
World governments have committed to increase the global protected areas coverage by 2020, but the effectiveness of this commitment for protecting biodiversity depends on where new protected areas are located. Threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches have been independently used to identify important sites for biodiversity. We brought together these approaches by performing a complementarity‐based analysis of irreplaceability in important bird and biodiversity areas (IBAs), which are sites identified using a threshold‐based approach. We determined whether irreplaceability values are higher inside than outside IBAs and whether any observed difference depends on known characteristics of the IBAs. We focused on 3 regions with comprehensive IBA inventories and bird distribution atlases: Australia, southern Africa, and Europe. Irreplaceability values were significantly higher inside than outside IBAs, although differences were much smaller in Europe than elsewhere. Higher irreplaceability values in IBAs were associated with the presence and number of restricted‐range species; number of criteria under which the site was identified; and mean geographic range size of the species for which the site was identified (trigger species). In addition, IBAs were characterized by higher irreplaceability values when using proportional species representation targets, rather than fixed targets. There were broadly comparable results when measuring irreplaceability for trigger species and when considering all bird species, which indicates a good surrogacy effect of the former. Recently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has convened a consultation to consolidate global standards for the identification of key biodiversity areas (KBAs), building from existing approaches such as IBAs. Our results informed this consultation, and in particular a proposed irreplaceability criterion that will allow the new KBA standard to draw on the strengths of both threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches.

A Full-Capture Hierarchical Bayesian Model of Pollock's Closed Robust Design and Application to Dolphins - Robert W. Rankin; Krista E. Nicholson; Simon J. Allen; Michael Krützen; Lars Bejder; Kenneth H. Pollock (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Rare copy number variants and congenital heart defects in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome - Elisabeth E. Mlynarski; Michael Xie; Deanne Taylor; Molly B. Sheridan; Tingwei Guo; Silvia E. Racedo; Donna M. McDonald-McGinn; Eva W. C. Chow; Jacob Vorstman; Ann Swillen; Koen Devriendt; Jeroen Breckpot; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Tectonic subsidence provides insight into possible coral reef futures under rapid sea-level rise - Megan I. Saunders; Simon Albert; Chris M. Roelfsema; Javier X. Leon; Colin D. Woodroffe; Stuart R. Phinn; Peter J. Mumby (Coral Reefs, 2016)

Why is the South Orkney Island shelf (the world's first high seas marine protected area) a carbon immobilization hotspot? - David K. A. Barnes; Louise Ireland; Oliver T. Hogg; Simon Morley; Peter Enderlein; Chester J. Sands (Global Change Biology, 2016)
The Southern Ocean archipelago, the South Orkney Islands ( SOI ), became the world's first entirely high seas marine protected area ( MPA ) in 2010. The SOI continental shelf (~44 000 km 2 ), was less than half covered by grounded ice sheet during glaciations, is biologically rich and a key area of both sea surface warming and sea‐ice losses. Little was known of the carbon cycle there, but recent work showed it was a very important site of carbon immobilization (net annual carbon accumulation) by benthos, one of the few demonstrable negative feedbacks to climate change. Carbon immobilization by SOI bryozoans was higher, per species, unit area and ice‐free day, than anywhere‐else polar. Here, we investigate why carbon immobilization has been so high at SOI , and whether this is due to high density, longevity or high annual production in six study species of bryozoans (benthic suspension feeders). We compared benthic carbon immobilization across major regions around West Antarctica with sea‐ice and primary production, from remotely sensed and directly sampled sources. Lowest carbon immobilization was at the northernmost study regions (South Georgia) and southernmost Amundsen Sea. However, data standardized for age and density showed that only SOI was anomalous (high). High immobilization at SOI was due to very high annual production of bryozoans (rather than high densities or longevity), which were 2x, 3x and 5x higher than on the Bellingshausen, South Georgia and Amundsen shelves, respectively. We found that carbon immobilization correlated to the duration (but not peak or integrated biomass) of phytoplankton blooms, both in directly sampled, local scale data and across regions using remote‐sensed data. The long bloom at SOI seems to drive considerable carbon immobilization, but sea‐ice losses across West Antarctica mean that significant carbon sinks and negative feedbacks to climate change could also develop in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas.

Sex-Specific Patterns in Abundance, Temporary Emigration and Survival of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Coastal and Estuarine Waters - Kate R. Sprogis; Kenneth H. Pollock; Holly C. Raudino; Simon J. Allen; Anna M. Kopps; Oliver Manlik; Julian A. Tyne; Lars Bejder (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Site-Specific Assessments of the Abundance of Three Inshore Dolphin Species to Inform Conservation and Management - Alexander M. Brown; Lars Bejder; Kenneth H. Pollock; Simon J. Allen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Bcl11b: A New Piece to the Complex Puzzle of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neuropathogenesis? - Matthew J. Lennon; Simon P. Jones; Michael D. Lovelace; Gilles J. Guillemin; Bruce J. Brew (Neurotoxicity Research, 2016)

Modelling the influences of climate change-associated sea-level rise and socioeconomic development on future storm surge mortality - Simon J. Lloyd; R. Sari Kovats; Zaid Chalabi; Sally Brown; Robert J. Nicholls (Climatic Change, 2016)

Signatures of genetic bottleneck and differentiation after the introduction of an exotic parasitoid for classical biological control - F. Zepeda-Paulo; E. Dion; B. Lavandero; F. Mahéo; Y. Outreman; J. C. Simon; C. C. Figueroa (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Science and Societal Partnerships to Address Cumulative Impacts - Carolyn J. Lundquist; Karen T. Fisher; Richard Le Heron; Nick I. Lewis; Joanne I. Ellis; Judi E. Hewitt; Alison J. Greenaway; Katie J. Cartner; Tracey C. Burgess-Jones; David R. Schiel; Simon F. Thrush (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Long‐term spatial dynamics in vegetated seascapes: fragmentation and habitat loss in a human‐impacted subtropical lagoon - Rolando O. Santos; Diego Lirman; Simon J. Pittman (Marine Ecology, 2016)
Vegetated coastal seascapes exhibit dynamic spatial patterning, some of which is directly linked to human coastal activities. Human activities ( e.g . coastal development) have modified freshwater flow to marine environments, resulting in significant changes to submerged aquatic vegetation ( SAV ) communities. Yet, very little is known about the spatially complex process of SAV habitat loss and fragmentation that affects ecosystem function. Using habitat mapping from aerial photography spanning 71 years (1938–2009) for Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA ), we quantify both SAV habitat loss and fragmentation using a novel fragmentation index. To understand the influence of water management practices on SAV seascapes, habitat loss and fragmentation were compared between nearshore and offshore locations, as well as locations adjacent to and distant from canals that transport freshwater into the marine environment. Habitat loss and fragmentation were significantly higher along the shoreline compared with offshore seascapes. Nearshore habitats experienced a net loss of 3.31% of the total SAV mapped (2.57 km 2 ) over the time series. While areas adjacent to canals had significantly higher SAV cover, they still experienced wide fluctuations in cover and fragmentation over time. All sites exhibited higher fragmentation in 2009 compared with 1938, with four sites exhibiting high fragmentation levels between the 1990s and 2000s. We demonstrate that freshwater inputs into coastal bays modify the amount of SAV and the fragmentation dynamics of SAV habitats. Spatial changes are greater close to shore and canals, indicating that these coastal developments have transformative impacts on vegetated habitats, with undetermined consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem goods and services.

Facies analysis of the Middle and Late Quaternary sediment infill of the northern Weihe Basin, Central China - Daniël S. Rits; Maarten A. Prins; Simon R. Troelstra; Ronald T. van Balen; Yan Zheng; Christiaan J. Beets; Bin Wang; Xiaoqiang Li; Jie Zhou; Hongbo Zheng (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2016)
A detailed study of the uppermost 221 m of drill core LYH‐1 – located in the northern part of the Weihe Basin – reveals considerable environmental variety over the past 1 Myr. Studied parameters include lithofacies, sedimentological properties and micropalaeontological content of selected core‐samples. Present‐day environments in the research area have been used as analogues for past conditions. The palaeoenvironments documented in the sedimentary record are interpreted as shallow lakes, fluvial settings, soils and aeolian environments. The temporal variation of the environments indicates a rapid alternation between climate‐driven wet and dry phases, suggesting that these fluctuations are related to changes in monsoon intensity. However, on a larger temporal scale, the sedimentation and accumulation of water is also affected by local tectonics. End‐member modelling shows that the siliciclastic grain‐size distributions can be ascribed to the mixing of six distinct end‐members. Most of the sediments in core LYH‐1 have similar characteristics to the loess deposits from the Central Loess Plateau. However, the much higher sedimentation rates and sedimentary structures suggest that these sediments consist for a large part of fluvially reworked loess. A broad subdivision of the core into three main intervals can be made, tentatively dated by magnetostratigraphy. From 162 to 221 m (690–1000 ka), brackish wetland conditions with a regular influence from fluvial and/or distal alluvial fan systems prevailed. The interval 90–162 m (330–690 ka) shows more terrestrial settings with occasional hypersaline lakes. From 0 to 90 m (0–330 ka), the environment was a shallow wetland, albeit with a relatively low diversity of aquatic and terrestrial microfossils compared to the lower interval.

Underestimated effects of climate on plant species turnover in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region - Mirkka M. Jones; Neil Gibson; Colin Yates; Simon Ferrier; Karel Mokany; Kristen J. Williams; Glenn Manion; Jens‐Christian Svenning (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Spatial turnover in plant species composition reflects the interplay between species’ environmental requirements and their dispersal dynamics. However, its origins are also historical, arising from speciation, extinction and past range dynamics. Here, we test the effects of current environmental gradients and geographical distance on regional species turnover. Using a new approach, we then interpret residual turnover patterns, unexplained by these factors. Location Native vegetation in the wheatbelt of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region ( SWAFR ). Methods We fitted a generalized dissimilarity model of species turnover across 650 floristic inventory plots as a function of current climate, topography, soils and inter‐plot distances. We then decomposed the model errors into independent axes of residual variation, representing unexplained species turnover. We mapped the spatial patterns evident on the main residual axes, and interpreted these using ancillary data on the life form and geographical ranges of associated species, the distributions of some major habitat types, and anomalies between recent and Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ) climate. Results Soil and climatic variables (especially phosphorus and wet quarter precipitation) made sizeable independent contributions to explaining deviance in species turnover, whereas deviance explained by inter‐plot distances and climate co‐varied strongly. Total explained deviance was 34%. Analyses of residual dissimilarity highlighted unexplained floristic similarity among many southern plots. A secondary residual axis highlighted unexplained variation in a broadly westerly to easterly direction. Consistent trends in the life form and geographical ranges of associated species suggest that these patterns are climate‐related. LGM climatic anomalies were correlated with patterns on the second residual axis. Main conclusions Current soil and climatic gradients are important drivers of floristic turnover in the SWAFR . However, residual analyses revealed broad‐scale gradients in floristic composition unexplained by these variables. These appear to reflect imperfect modelling of the effects of current and perhaps historical climate on species turnover.

Three‐dimensional structure and cyanobacterial activity within a desert biological soil crust - Hagai Raanan; Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde; Stephan Peth; Sylvie Drahorad; Danny Ionescu; Gil Eshkol; Haim Treves; Peter Felix‐Henningsen; Simon M. Berkowicz; Nir Keren; Rainer Horn; Martin Hagemann; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Desert biological soil crusts ( BSC s) are formed by adhesion of soil particles to polysaccharides excreted by filamentous cyanobacteria, the pioneers and main producers in this habitat. Biological soil crust destruction is a central factor leading to land degradation and desertification. We study the effect of BSC structure on cyanobacterial activity. Micro‐scale structural analysis using X ‐ray microtomography revealed a vesiculated layer 1.5–2.5 mm beneath the surface in close proximity to the cyanobacterial location. Light profiles showed attenuation with depth of 1%–5% of surface light within 1 mm but also revealed the presence of ‘light pockets’, coinciding with the vesiculated layer, where the irradiance was 10‐fold higher than adjacent crust parts at the same depth. Maximal photosynthetic activity, examined by O 2 concentration profiles, was observed 1 mm beneath the surface and another peak in association with the ‘light pockets’. Thus, photosynthetic activity may not be visible to currently used remote sensing techniques, suggesting that BSC s' contribution to terrestrial productivity is underestimated. Exposure to irradiance higher than 10% full sunlight diminished chlorophyll fluorescence, whereas O 2 evolution and CO 2 uptake rose, indicating that fluorescence did not reflect cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity. Our data also indicate that although resistant to high illumination, the BSC ‐inhabiting cyanobacteria function as ‘low‐light adapted’ organisms.

What do metabolic rates tell us about thermal niches? Mechanisms driving crayfish distributions along an altitudinal gradient - Rick J. Stoffels; Adam J. Richardson; Matthew T. Vogel; Simon P. Coates; Warren J. Müller (Oecologia, 2016)

Genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes and breast cancer susceptibility: a pooled analysis of 42,510 cases and 40,577 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium - Jieping Lei; Anja Rudolph; Kirsten B. Moysich; Sabine Behrens; Ellen L. Goode; Manjeet K. Bolla; Joe Dennis; Alison M. Dunning; Douglas F. Easton; Qin Wang; Javier Benitez; John L. Hopper; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Perceived discrimination and cancer screening behaviors in US Hispanics: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study - Cristina Valdovinos; Frank J. Penedo; Carmen R. Isasi; Molly Jung; Robert C. Kaplan; Rebeca Espinoza Giacinto; Patricia Gonzalez; Vanessa L. Malcarne; Krista Perreira; Hugo Salgado; Melissa A. Simon; Lisa M. Wruck; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Quantifying the conservation value of seascape connectivity: a global synthesis - Andrew D. Olds; Rod M. Connolly; Kylie A. Pitt; Simon J. Pittman; Paul S. Maxwell; Chantal M. Huijbers; Brad R. Moore; Simon Albert; David Rissik; Russell C. Babcock; Thomas A. Schlacher (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Connectivity structures populations, communities and ecosystems in the sea. The extent of connectivity is, therefore, predicted to also influence the outcomes of conservation initiatives, such as marine reserves. Here we review the published evidence about how important seascape connectivity (i.e. landscape connectivity in the sea) is for marine conservation outcomes. Location Global. Methods We analysed the global literature on the effects of seascape connectivity on reserve performance. Results In the majority of cases, greater seascape connectivity inside reserves translates into better conservation outcomes (i.e. enhanced productivity and diversity). Research on reserve performance is, however, most often conducted separately from research on connectivity, resulting in few studies ( Main conclusions Given that research rarely connects the effects of connectivity and reserves, our thesis is that stronger linkages between landscape ecology and marine spatial planning are likely to improve conservation outcomes in the sea. The key science challenge is to identify the full range of ecological functions that are modulated by connectivity and the spatial scale over which these functions enhance conservation outcomes.

The OPAL bugs count survey: exploring the effects of urbanisation and habitat characteristics using citizen science - Adam J. Bates; Poppy Lakeman Fraser; Lucy Robinson; John C. Tweddle; Jon P. Sadler; Sarah E. West; Simon Norman; Martin Batson; Linda Davies (Urban Ecosystems, 2015)

Community composition of epibenthic megafauna on the West Greenland Shelf - C. Yesson; P. Simon; I. Chemshirova; T. Gorham; C. J. Turner; N. Hammeken Arboe; M. E. Blicher; K. M. Kemp (Polar Biology, 2015)

Elemental changes in the hippocampal formation following two different formulas of ketogenic diet: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study - J. Chwiej; A. Patulska; A. Skoczen; K. Janeczko; M. Ciarach; R. Simon; Z. Setkowicz (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2015)

Cortical activity differs between position- and force-control knee extension tasks - Peter C. Poortvliet; Kylie J. Tucker; Simon Finnigan; Dion Scott; Paul Sowman; Paul W. Hodges (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Time to leave? Immediate response of roe deer to experimental disturbances using playbacks - Sophie Padié; Nicolas Morellet; Bruno Cargnelutti; A. J. Mark Hewison; Jean-Louis Martin; Simon Chamaillé-Jammes (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2015)

Infrastructure for collaborative science and societal applications in the Columbia River estuary - António M. Baptista; Charles Seaton; Michael P. Wilkin; Sarah F. Riseman; Joseph A. Needoba; David Maier; Paul J. Turner; Tuomas Kärnä; Jesse E. Lopez; Lydie Herfort; V. M. Megler; Craig McNeil; et al. (Frontiers of Earth Science, 2015)
To meet societal needs, modern estuarine science needs to be interdisciplinary and collaborative, combine discovery with hypotheses testing, and be responsive to issues facing both regional and global stakeholders. Such an approach is best conducted with the benefit of data-rich environments, where information from sensors and models is openly accessible within convenient timeframes. Here, we introduce the operational infrastructure of one such data-rich environment, a collaboratory created to support (a) interdisciplinary research in the Columbia River estuary by the multi-institutional team of investigators of the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction and (b) the integration of scientific knowledge into regional decision making. Core components of the operational infrastructure are an observation network, a modeling system and a cyber-infrastructure, each of which is described. The observation network is anchored on an extensive array of long-term stations, many of them interdisciplinary, and is complemented by on-demand deployment of temporary stations and mobile platforms, often in coordinated field campaigns. The modeling system is based on finiteelement unstructured-grid codes and includes operational and process-oriented simulations of circulation, sediments and ecosystem processes. The flow of information is managed through a dedicated cyber-infrastructure, conversant with regional and national observing systems.

Four-way development of microsatellite markers for the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) - Kang-Wook Kim; Hanyuan Zhang; Gavin J. Horsburgh; Susannah Bird; Deborah A. Dawson; Simon C. Griffith; Terry Burke (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2015)

PCR‐based techniques to determine diet of the Australian sea lion ( Neophoca cinerea ): a comparison with morphological analysis - Kristian J. Peters; Kathy Ophelkeller; Herdina; Nathan J. Bott; Simon D. Goldsworthy (Marine Ecology, 2015)
Comprehensive dietary information for the endangered Australian sea lion ( Neophoca cinerea ) is currently limited by the deficiency and poor quality of identifiable prey remains recovered from regurgitate and faeces and the difficulty of observing feeding in the wild. In this study, we investigated DNA ‐based prey detection methods using conventional (end‐point) and quantitative real‐time PCR ( qPCR ) on faeces collected from two captive Australian sea lions fed experimental diets of whole teleost fish, squid and shark tissue. PCR prey detection methods using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and 16S genes combined with clone sequencing were compared with prey identified using traditional hard part analysis. The molecular results indicated that prey DNA was degraded. However, prey amplification was successful by targeting short (71 bp) DNA fragments. Both conventional PCR and qPCR techniques significantly increased prey detection compared with analysis of hard parts. For both sea lions, the hard part analysis was constrained by sporadic and extremely low recovery of fish otoliths ( PCR techniques indicated comparable prey detection frequencies for all species tested; however, the sensitivity and greater resolution of qPCR improved prey detection by ~25% in one sea lion fed the experimental squid and perch. The detection of squid DNA ≤ 6 day post‐ingestion by qPCR further exhibits the ability and potential of this method to detect low concentrations of infrequent or pulse prey. This study highlights the use of DNA ‐based analysis to detect prey taxa in the absence of identifiable hard prey remains.

Prioritization of knowledge needs for sustainable aquaculture: a national and global perspective - Aisla C Jones; Angela Mead; Michel J Kaiser; Melanie C V Austen; Alex W Adrian; Neil A Auchterlonie; Kenneth D Black; Lucy R Blow; Charlotte Bury; Janet H Brown; Gavin M Burnell; Elaine Connolly; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2015)
Aquaculture is currently the fastest expanding global animal food production sector and is a key future contributor to food security. An increase in food security will be dependent upon the development and improvement of sustainable practices. A prioritization exercise was undertaken, focusing on the future knowledge needs to underpin UK sustainable aquaculture (both domestic and imported products) using a ‘task force’ group of 36 ‘practitioners’ and 12 ‘research scientists’ who have an active interest in sustainable aquaculture. A long list of 264 knowledge needs related to sustainable aquaculture was developed in conjunction with the task force. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge need. The top 25 knowledge needs are presented, as scored separately by ‘practitioners’ or ‘research scientists’. There was similar agreement in priorities identified by these two groups. The priority knowledge needs will provide guidance to structure ongoing work to make science accessible to practitioners and help to prioritize future science policy needs and funding. The process of knowledge exchange, and the mechanisms by which this can be achieved, effectively emerged as the top priority for sustainable aquaculture. Viable alternatives to wild fish‐based aquaculture feeds, resource constraints that will potentially limit expansion of aquaculture, sustainable offshore aquaculture and the treatment of sea lice also emerged as strong priorities. Although the exercise was focused on UK needs for sustainable aquaculture, many of the emergent issues are considered to have global application.

Modelling hydrological processes, crop yields and NPS pollution in a small sub-tropical catchment in South Africa using ACRU-NPS - Kipkemboi J. Kollongei; Simon A. Lorentz (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2015)

The continuous performance test (rCPT) for mice: a novel operant touchscreen test of attentional function - Chi Hun Kim; Martha Hvoslef-Eide; Simon R. O. Nilsson; Mark R. Johnson; Bronwen R. Herbert; Trevor W. Robbins; Lisa M. Saksida; Timothy J. Bussey; Adam C. Mar (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Restoring forests: What constitutes success in the twenty-first century? - Douglass F. Jacobs; Juan A. Oliet; James Aronson; Andreas Bolte; James M. Bullock; Pablo J. Donoso; Simon M. Landhäusser; Palle Madsen; Shaolin Peng; José M. Rey-Benayas; John C. Weber (New Forests, 2015)

Propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and scale interaction with the diurnal cycle in a high-resolution GCM - Simon C. Peatman; Adrian J. Matthews; David P. Stevens (Climate Dynamics, 2015)

The mineralogy and fabric of ‘Brickearths’ in Kent, UK and their relationship to engineering behaviour - Antoni E. Milodowski; Kevin J. Northmore; Simon J. Kemp; David C. Entwisle; David A. Gunn; Peter D. Jackson; David I. Boardman; Aris Zoumpakis; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Neil Dixon; Ian Jefferson; Ian J. Smalley; et al. (Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2015)

Evaluation of microbial transport during aerobic bioaugmentation of an RDX-contaminated aquifer - Fiona H. Crocker; Karl J. Indest; Carina M. Jung; Dawn E. Hancock; Mark E. Fuller; Paul B. Hatzinger; Simon Vainberg; Jonathan D. Istok; Edward Wilson; Mandy M. Michalsen (Biodegradation, 2015)

Vegetation, fire, and climate history during the last 18 500 cal a BP in south‐western Yunnan Province, China - Xiayun Xiao; J. I. Shen; Simon G. Haberle; Yong Han; Bin Xue; Enlou Zhang; Sumin Wang; Guobang Tong (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2015)
High‐resolution pollen and charcoal records from Qinghai Lake in south‐western China are presented. The records reveal variations in vegetation, fire and climate history since 18 500 cal a BP. The results show that seven significant vegetation changes are recorded, which are responses to climate changes and/or fire events. Frequent and intensive fires occurred during the periods 17 900–15 000, 13 000–11 500 and 4280–980 cal a BP, corresponding to relatively dry climatic conditions. Combined with the climatic record from Tiancai Lake, the regional climatic changes since 18 500 cal a BP in western Yunnan Province are reconstructed. Namely, the Heinrich Event 1, the Bølling–Allerød warm period and the Younger Dryas event during the last deglaciation are ubiquitous in western Yunnan Province. The start of the Holocene is recorded at 11 500 cal a BP. The Holocene climatic optimum occurred between 8450 and 4280 cal a BP. After 4280 cal a BP, the climate deteriorated, accompanied by evidence for human impact. Based on this study, we consider that vegetation and climatic changes since 18 500 cal a BP in south‐western Yunnan Province are primarily driven by September and average summer solar insolation, with some associated influence from regional sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level rise.

Global inequities between polluters and the polluted: climate change impacts on coral reefs - Nicholas H. Wolff; Simon D. Donner; Long Cao; Roberto Iglesias‐Prieto; Peter F. Sale; Peter J. Mumby (Global Change Biology, 2015)
For many ecosystem services, it remains uncertain whether the impacts of climate change will be mostly negative or positive and how these changes will be geographically distributed. These unknowns hamper the identification of regional winners and losers, which can influence debate over climate policy. Here, we use coral reefs to explore the spatial variability of climate stress by modelling the ecological impacts of rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification, two important coral stressors associated with increasing greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions. We then combine these results with national per capita emissions to quantify inequities arising from the distribution of cause ( CO 2 emissions) and effect (stress upon reefs) among coral reef countries. We find pollution and coral stress are spatially decoupled, creating substantial inequity of impacts as a function of emissions. We then consider the implications of such inequity for international climate policy. Targets for GHG reductions are likely to be tied to a country's emissions. Yet within a given level of GHG emissions, our analysis reveals that some countries experience relatively high levels of impact and will likely experience greater financial cost in terms of lost ecosystem productivity and more extensive adaptation measures. We suggest countries so disadvantaged be given access to international adaptation funds proportionate with impacts to their ecosystem. We raise the idea that funds could be more equitably allocated by formally including a metric of equity within a vulnerability framework.

Influences of extreme weather, climate and pesticide use on invertebrates in cereal fields over 42 years - Julie A. Ewald; Christopher J. Wheatley; Nicholas J. Aebischer; Stephen J. Moreby; Simon J. Duffield; Humphrey Q. P. Crick; Michael B. Morecroft (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Cereal fields are central to balancing food production and environmental health in the face of climate change. Within them, invertebrates provide key ecosystem services. Using 42 years of monitoring data collected in southern E ngland, we investigated the sensitivity and resilience of invertebrates in cereal fields to extreme weather events and examined the effect of long‐term changes in temperature, rainfall and pesticide use on invertebrate abundance. Of the 26 invertebrate groups examined, eleven proved sensitive to extreme weather events. Average abundance increased in hot/dry years and decreased in cold/wet years for A raneae, C icadellidae, adult H eteroptera, T hysanoptera, B raconidae, E nicmus and L athridiidae. The average abundance of D elphacidae, C ryptophagidae and M ycetophilidae increased in both hot/dry and cold/wet years relative to other years. The abundance of all 10 groups usually returned to their long‐term trend within a year after the extreme event. For five of them, sensitivity to cold/wet events was lowest (translating into higher abundances) at locations with a westerly aspect. Some long‐term trends in invertebrate abundance correlated with temperature and rainfall, indicating that climate change may affect them. However, pesticide use was more important in explaining the trends, suggesting that reduced pesticide use would mitigate the effects of climate change.

Monitoring Effects of Excipients, Formulation Parameters and Mutations on the High Order Structure of Filgrastim by NMR - Yves Aubin; Derek J. Hodgson; William B. Thach; Geneviève Gingras; Simon Sauvé (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Cardiac gene expression data and in silico analysis provide novel insights into human and mouse taste receptor gene regulation - Simon R. Foster; Enzo R. Porrello; Maurizio Stefani; Nicola J. Smith; Peter Molenaar; Cristobal G. dos Remedios; Walter G. Thomas; Mirana Ramialison (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2015)

Surgical attenuation of spontaneous congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs resolves hepatic encephalopathy but not hypermanganesemia - Adam G. Gow; Polly E. Frowde; Clive M. Elwood; Carolyn A. Burton; Roger M. Powell; Simon W. Tappin; Rob D. Foale; Andrew Duncan; Richard J. Mellanby (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2015)

Publishing and sharing multi-dimensional image data with OMERO - Jean-Marie Burel; Sébastien Besson; Colin Blackburn; Mark Carroll; Richard K. Ferguson; Helen Flynn; Kenneth Gillen; Roger Leigh; Simon Li; Dominik Lindner; Melissa Linkert; William J. Moore; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2015)

Effect-based assessment of persistent organic pollutant and pesticide dumpsite using mammalian CALUX reporter cell lines - B. Pieterse; I. J. C. Rijk; E. Simon; B. M. A. van Vugt-Lussenburg; B. F. H. Fokke; M. van der Wijk; H. Besselink; R. Weber; B. van der Burg (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Heritability of telomere length in the Zebra Finch - Els Atema; Ellis Mulder; Hannah L. Dugdale; Michael Briga; Arie J. van Noordwijk; Simon Verhulst (Journal of Ornithology, 2015)

First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011 - Berhe Goitom; Clive Oppenheimer; James O. S. Hammond; Raphaël Grandin; Talfan Barnie; Amy Donovan; Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi; Ermias Yohannes; Goitom Kibrom; J- Michael Kendall; Simon A. Carn; David Fee; et al. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2015)

Sublingual Diffusion of Epinephrine Microcrystals from Rapidly Disintegrating Tablets for the Potential First-Aid Treatment of Anaphylaxis: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study - Mutasem M. Rawas-Qalaji; Shima Werdy; Ousama Rachid; F. Estelle R. Simons; Keith J. Simons (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2015)

Metagenomic characterization of viral communities in corals: mining biological signal from methodological noise - Elisha M. Wood‐Charlson; Karen D. Weynberg; Curtis A. Suttle; Simon Roux; Madeleine J. H. van Oppen (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Reef‐building corals form close associations with organisms from all three domains of life and therefore have many potential viral hosts. Yet knowledge of viral communities associated with corals is barely explored. This complexity presents a number of challenges in terms of the metagenomic assessments of coral viral communities and requires specialized methods for purification and amplification of viral nucleic acids, as well as virome annotation. In this minireview, we conduct a meta‐analysis of the limited number of existing coral virome studies, as well as available coral transcriptome and metagenome data, to identify trends and potential complications inherent in different methods. The analysis shows that the method used for viral nucleic acid isolation drastically affects the observed viral assemblage and interpretation of the results. Further, the small number of viral reference genomes available, coupled with short sequence read lengths might cause errors in virus identification. Despite these limitations and potential biases, the data show that viral communities associated with corals are diverse, with double‐ and single‐stranded DNA and RNA viruses. The identified viruses are dominated by double‐stranded DNA ‐tailed bacteriophages, but there are also viruses that infect eukaryote hosts, likely the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium spp., host coral and other eukaryotes in close association.

Exploration of EEG features of Alzheimer’s disease using continuous wavelet transform - Parham Ghorbanian; David M. Devilbiss; Terry Hess; Allan Bernstein; Adam J. Simon; Hashem Ashrafiuon (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2015)

Exercise type and volume alter signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and protein synthesis - Juha P. Ahtiainen; Simon Walker; Mika Silvennoinen; Heikki Kyröläinen; Bradley C. Nindl; Keijo Häkkinen; Kai Nyman; Harri Selänne; Juha J. Hulmi (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Factors associated with medication regimen complexity in older people: a cross-sectional population-based study - Barbara Caecilia Wimmer; Kristina Johnell; Johan Fastbom; Michael David Wiese; J. Simon Bell (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015)

Automated Hippocampal Subfield Measures as Predictors of Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease in Two Independent Cohorts - Wasim Khan; Eric Westman; Nigel Jones; Lars-Olof Wahlund; Patrizia Mecocci; Bruno Vellas; Magda Tsolaki; Iwona Kłoszewska; Hilkka Soininen; Christian Spenger; Simon Lovestone; J-Sebastian Muehlboeck; et al. (Brain Topography, 2015)

Fine‐scale diet of the A ustralian sea lion ( N eophoca cinerea ) using DNA ‐based analysis of faeces - Kristian J. Peters; Kathy Ophelkeller; Nathan J. Bott; Bruce E. Deagle; Simon N. Jarman; Simon D. Goldsworthy (Marine Ecology, 2015)
We applied DNA ‐based faecal analysis to determine the diet of female A ustralian sea lions (n = 12) from two breeding colonies in S outh A ustralia. DNA dietary components of fish and cephalopods were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and mitochondrial DNA primers targeting the short (~100 base pair) section of the 16S gene region. Prey diversity was determined by sequencing ~50 amplicons generated from clone libraries developed for each individual. Faecal DNA was also combined and cloned from multiple individuals at each colony and fish diversity determined. Diets varied between individuals and sites. Overall, DNA analysis identified a broad diversity of prey comprising 23 fish and five cephalopod taxa, including many species not previously described as prey of the Australian sea lion. Labridae (wrasse), Monacanthidae (leatherjackets) and Mullidae (goat fish) were important fish prey taxa. Commonly identified cephalopods were Octopodidae (octopus), Loliginidae (calamary squid) and Sepiidae (cuttlefish). Comparisons of fish prey diversity determined by pooling faecal DNA from several samples provided a reasonable but incomplete resemblance (55–71%) to the total fish diversity identified across individual diets at each site. Interpretation of diet based on the recovery of prey hard‐parts identified one cephalopod beak ( Octopus sp.) and one fish otolith ( Parapriacanthus elongatus ). The present study highlights the value of DNA ‐based analyses and their capabilities to enhance information of trophic interactions.

Phylogeography of six codistributed New Zealand cicadas and their relationship to multiple biogeographical boundaries suggest a re‐evaluation of the Taupo Line - Emily A. Ellis; David C. Marshall; Kathy B. R. Hill; Christopher L. Owen; Peter J. J. Kamp; Chris Simon (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Comparative biogeographers question the extent to which codistributed species respond similarly to environmental change. Such responses should create similar, appropriately timed patterns of cladogenesis among codistributed taxa compared to evolutionary independence, which may limit the predictions that can be made for unstudied species. Here, we compare phylogeographical patterns across ecologically divergent, codistributed taxa in the light of New Zealand's palaeohistory. Location North Island, New Zealand. Methods Mitochondrial DNA from six codistributed cicada species ( Kikihia ochrina , K. cutora , K. laneorum , K. cauta , K. scutellaris and K. dugdalei ) was analysed using phylogenetic methods and molecular dating techniques. We analysed phylogeographical distributions using analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) to determine the significance of hypothesized biogeographical boundaries for clade differentiation and spatial distribution of genetic diversity. Results Five species ( Kikihia ochrina , K. cutora , K. laneorum , K. cauta and K. scutellaris ) show various degrees of intraspecific concordance with biogeographical boundaries found in previously studied taxa – the Kauri Line, the Northland Line and the newly identified Cockayne's Line. Clade splits of forest species correlate with the Kauri Line and/or Northland Line, whereas splits of scrub/hill species correlate with Cockayne's Line. Four species ( Kikihia ochrina , K. cutora , K. laneorum and K. cauta ) diversified before the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM , 20 ka), whereas two species ( K. scutellaris and K. dugdalei ) show only post‐ LGM diversification. Main conclusions Despite species idiosyncrasies, we see the imprint of shared palaeoclimatic/geological events. We distinguish between (1) the importance of biogeographical lines as the demarcation between older genetically diverse and newer genetically depauperate populations, and (2) the importance of lines as biogeographical boundaries between sister clades. We also stress the importance of dating clade splits to ensure consistency with explanations for the biogeographical lines in question. We suggest that the Taupo Line has been overemphasized as a biogeographical boundary, whereas the importance of the mountain axis running north‐east to south‐west (‘Cockayne's Line’) has been overlooked.

Understanding fisheries credit systems: potentials and pitfalls of managing catch efficiency - Maria C Van Riel; Simon R Bush; Paul A M van Zwieten; Arthur P J Mol (Fish and Fisheries, 2015)
Following implementation in a range of other resource sectors, a number of credit‐like systems have been proposed for fisheries. But confusion exists over what constitutes these nascent ‘fisheries credit’ systems and how they operate. Based on a review of credit systems in other sectors, this study fills this gap by defining how credit systems function and what credits add to prevailing fisheries management. In doing so, we distinguish ‘mitigation’ and ‘behavioural’ fishery credits. Mitigation credits require resource users to compensate for unsustainable catches of target species, by‐catch species or damaging practices on the marine environment by investing in conservation in a biologically equivalent habitat or resource. Behavioural credit systems incentivize fishers to gradually change their fishing behaviour to more sustainable fishing methods by rewarding them with, for instance, extra fishing effort to compensate for less efficient but more sustainable fishing methods. The choice of credit system largely depends on the characteristics of specific fisheries and the management goals agreed upon by managers, scientists and the fishing industry. The study concludes that fisheries credit systems are different but complimentary to other forms of management by focusing on ‘catchability’ or gear efficiency in addition to effort or catch quota, affecting overall economic efficiency by setting specific goals as to how fish are caught. Credit systems therefore incentivize specific management interventions that can directly improve stock sustainability, conserve habitat and endangered species, or decrease by‐catch.

Invasive toads shift predator–prey densities in animal communities by removing top predators - J. Sean Doody; Rebekah Soanes; Christina M. Castellano; David Rhind; Brian Green; Colin R. McHenry; Simon Clulow (Ecology, 2015)
Although invasive species can have substantial impacts on animal communities, cases of invasive species facilitating native species by removing their predators have rarely been demonstrated across vertebrate trophic linkages. The predictable spread of the invasive cane toad ( Rhinella marina ), however, offered a unique opportunity to quantify cascading effects. In northern Australia, three species of predatory monitor lizards suffered severe population declines due to toad‐induced lethal toxic ingestion (yellow‐spotted monitor [ Varanus panoptes ], Mertens' water monitor [ V. mertensi ], Mitchell's water monitor [ V. mitchelli ]). We, thus, predicted subsequent increases in the abundance and recruitment of prey species due to the reduction of those predators. Toad‐induced population‐level declines in the water monitor species approached 50% over a five‐year period spanning the toad invasion, apparently causing fledging success of the Crimson Finch ( Neochmia phaeton ) to increase from 55% to 81%. The consensus of our original and published long‐term data is that invasive cane toads are causing predators to lose a foothold on top‐down regulation of their prey, triggering shifts in the relative densities of predator and prey in the Australian tropical savannah ecosystem.

GPCR structure, function, drug discovery and crystallography: report from Academia-Industry International Conference (UK Royal Society) Chicheley Hall, 1–2 September 2014 - Alexander Heifetz; Gebhard F. X. Schertler; Roland Seifert; Christopher G. Tate; Patrick M. Sexton; Vsevolod V. Gurevich; Daniel Fourmy; Vadim Cherezov; Fiona H. Marshall; R. Ian Storer; Isabel Moraes; Irina G. Tikhonova; et al. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2015)

Loss of Spatial Memory, Learning, and Motor Function During Normal Aging Is Accompanied by Changes in Brain Presenilin 1 and 2 Expression Levels - Simon Kaja; Nathalie Sumien; Vidhi V. Shah; Imran Puthawala; Alexandra N. Maynard; Nitasha Khullar; Andrew J. Payne; Michael J. Forster; Peter Koulen (Molecular Neurobiology, 2015)

A recessive homozygous p.Asp92Gly SDHD mutation causes prenatal cardiomyopathy and a severe mitochondrial complex II deficiency - Charlotte L. Alston; Camilla Ceccatelli Berti; Emma L. Blakely; Monika Oláhová; Langping He; Colin J. McMahon; Simon E. Olpin; Iain P. Hargreaves; Cecilia Nolli; Robert McFarland; Paola Goffrini; Maureen J. O’Sullivan; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Conspecific recognition and aggression reduction to familiars in newly weaned, socially plastic mammals - Kelly J. Robinson; Sean D. Twiss; Neil Hazon; Simon Moss; Mike Lonergan; Patrick P. Pomeroy (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)

Ancestral origins and invasion pathways in a globally invasive bird correlate with climate and influences from bird trade - Hazel Jackson; Diederik Strubbe; Simon Tollington; Robert Prys‐Jones; Erik Matthysen; Jim J. Groombridge (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Invasive species present a major threat to global biodiversity. Understanding genetic patterns and evolutionary processes that reinforce successful establishment is paramount for elucidating mechanisms underlying biological invasions. Among birds, the ring‐necked parakeet ( Psittacula krameri ) is one of the most successful invasive species, established in over 35 countries. However, little is known about the evolutionary genetic origins of this species and what population genetic signatures tell us about patterns of invasion. We reveal the ancestral origins of populations across the invasive range and explore the potential influence of climate and propagule pressure from the pet trade on observed genetic patterns. Ring‐necked parakeet samples representing the ancestral native range ( n = 96) were collected from museum specimens, and modern samples from the invasive range ( n = 855) were gathered from across Europe, Mauritius and Seychelles, and sequenced for two mitochondrial DNA markers comprising 868 bp of cytochrome b and control region, and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. Invasive populations comprise birds that originate predominantly from Pakistan and northern areas of India. Haplotypes associated with more northerly distribution limits in the ancestral native range were more prevalent in invasive populations in Europe, and the predominance of Asian haplotypes in Europe is consistent with the higher number of Asian birds transported by the pet trade outside the native range. Successful establishment of invasive species is likely to be underpinned by a combination of environmental and anthropogenic influences.

Geographic and temporal dynamics of a global radiation and diversification in the killer whale - Phillip A. Morin; Kim M. Parsons; Frederick I. Archer; María C. Ávila‐Arcos; Lance G. Barrett‐Lennard; Luciano Dalla Rosa; Sebastián Duchêne; John W. Durban; Graeme M. Ellis; Steven H. Ferguson; John K. Ford; Michael J. Ford; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Global climate change during the Late Pleistocene periodically encroached and then released habitat during the glacial cycles, causing range expansions and contractions in some species. These dynamics have played a major role in geographic radiations, diversification and speciation. We investigate these dynamics in the most widely distributed of marine mammals, the killer whale ( Orcinus orca ), using a global data set of over 450 samples. This marine top predator inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems ranging from the ice edge to the tropics, often exhibiting ecological, behavioural and morphological variation suggestive of local adaptation accompanied by reproductive isolation. Results suggest a rapid global radiation occurred over the last 350 000 years. Based on habitat models, we estimated there was only a 15% global contraction of core suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum, and the resources appeared to sustain a constant global effective female population size throughout the Late Pleistocene. Reconstruction of the ancestral phylogeography highlighted the high mobility of this species, identifying 22 strongly supported long‐range dispersal events including interoceanic and interhemispheric movement. Despite this propensity for geographic dispersal, the increased sampling of this study uncovered very few potential examples of ancestral dispersal among ecotypes. Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial data further confirms genetic cohesiveness, with little or no current gene flow among sympatric ecotypes. Taken as a whole, our data suggest that the glacial cycles influenced local populations in different ways, with no clear global pattern, but with secondary contact among lineages following long‐range dispersal as a potential mechanism driving ecological diversification.

Selection of a breast cancer subpopulation-specific antibody using phage display on tissue sections - Simon Asbjørn Larsen; Theresa Meldgaard; Agla J. Fridriksdottir; Simon Lykkemark; Pi Camilla Poulsen; Laura F. Overgaard; Helene Bundgaard Petersen; Ole William Petersen; Peter Kristensen (Immunologic Research, 2015)

Antimicrobial susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria using the rapid colorimetric method - I. B. Ramis; M. Cnockaert; A. von Groll; C. L. Nogueira; S. C. Leão; E. Andre; A. Simon; J. C. Palomino; P. E. A. da Silva; P. Vandamme; A. Martin (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2015)

The Reporting Of MEdication use in Observational studies (ROMEO) Statement - Susan G. Poole; J. Simon Bell; Michael J. Dooley; Carl M. Kirkpatrick (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015)

Fine-scale temporal recovery, reconstruction and evolution of a post-supereruption magmatic system - Simon J. Barker; Colin J. N. Wilson; Aidan S. R. Allan; C. Ian Schipper (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2015)

The RPTEC/TERT1 Cell Line as an Improved Tool for In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Assessments - Bridget R. Simon-Friedt; Mark J. Wilson; Diane A. Blake; Haini Yu; Yasmin Eriksson; Jeffrey K. Wickliffe (Biological Trace Element Research, 2015)

Resistance to Spongospora subterranea induced in potato by the elicitor β-aminobutyric acid - M. Loreto Hernandez Maldonado; Richard E. Falloon; Ruth C. Butler; Anthony J. Conner; Simon R. Bulman (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2015)

Transplantation of corals into a new environment results in substantial skeletal loss in Acropora tenuis - Melissa M. Rocker; Simon J. Brandl (Marine Biodiversity, 2015)

Disentangling the effects of land‐use change, climate and CO 2 on projected future E uropean habitat types - Veiko Lehsten; Martin T. Sykes; Anna Victoria Scott; Joseph Tzanopoulos; Athanasios Kallimanis; Antonios Mazaris; Peter H. Verburg; Catharina J. E. Schulp; Simon G. Potts; Ioannis Vogiatzakis (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2015)
Aim To project the potential E uropean distribution of seven broad habitat categories (needle‐leaved, broad‐leaved, mixed and mediterranean forest, urban, grassland and cropland) in order to assess effects of land use, climate change and increase in CO 2 on predicted habitat changes up to the year 2050. Location E urope. Method We modelled the response of European vegetation to changes in land use, climate and CO 2 by combining the land‐use model D yna‐ CLUE (based on the CORINE land‐cover data) and the dynamic vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS . Two reforestation options were explored: maintaining the current range of tree species ( EFI ) or promoting naturally occurring tree species ( NAT ). Climate data from two general circulation models and two SRES scenarios ( A2 and B1 ) were used. The broad habitat types were classified according to a combination of land use and the dominant plant species. Results Our models predicted that croplands and grasslands are expected to decrease due to land‐use change. Although climate change has a negative effect on needle‐leaved forest, it is expected to maintain its area or even increase in the EFI reforestation option while mediterranean, broad‐leaved and mixed forests are expected to increase markedly. All investigated drivers have shown some effect, but land use is the dominant contributor to broad habitat change except for needle‐leaved and mixed which are mainly influenced by climate change. Main conclusions Land use is predicted to have the greatest effect on broad habitat distribution according to our simulations. Hence in most parts of E urope mitigating actions should focus on land‐use change rather than climate change. According to our simulation, the effects of the different drivers are not in general additive. In some cases they act synergistically and in some cases antagonistically. The projected habitat changes are a valuable tool for species distribution modelling and are available online.

Directionality of recent bird distribution shifts and climate change in Great Britain - Simon Gillings; Dawn E. Balmer; Robert J. Fuller (Global Change Biology, 2015)
There is good evidence that species' distributions are shifting poleward in response to climate change and wide interest in the magnitude of such responses for scientific and conservation purposes. It has been suggested from the directions of climatic changes that species' distribution shifts may not be simply poleward, but this has been rarely tested with observed data. Here, we apply a novel approach to measuring range shifts on axes ranging through 360°, to recent data on the distributions of 122 species of British breeding birds during 1988–1991 and 2008–2011. Although previously documented poleward range shifts have continued, with an average 13.5 km shift northward, our analysis indicates this is an underestimate because it ignores common and larger shifts that occurred along axes oriented to the north‐west and north‐east. Trailing edges contracted from a broad range of southerly directions. Importantly, these results are derived from systematically collected data so confounding observer‐effort biases can be discounted. Analyses of climate for the same period show that whilst temperature trends should drive species along a north–north‐westerly trajectory, directional responses to precipitation will depend on both the time of year that is important for determining a species' distribution, and the location of the range margin. Directions of species' range centroid shift were not correlated with spatial trends in any single climate variable. We conclude that range shifts of British birds are multidirectional, individualistic and probably determined by species‐specific interactions of multiple climate factors. Climate change is predicted to lead to changes in community composition through variation in the rates that species' ranges shift; our results suggest communities could change further owing to constituent species shifting along different trajectories. We recommend more studies consider directionality in climate and range dynamics to produce more appropriate measures of observed and expected responses to climate change.

Characterization of a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 double mutant lacking the CyanoP and Ycf48 proteins of Photosystem II - Simon A. Jackson; Julian J. Eaton-Rye (Photosynthesis Research, 2015)

Resource availability affects individual niche variation and its consequences in group-living European badgers Meles meles - Andrew Robertson; Robbie A. McDonald; Richard J. Delahay; Simon D. Kelly; Stuart Bearhop (Oecologia, 2015)

Combination paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery: a dose ranging study - Hartley C. Atkinson; John Currie; John Moodie; Simon Carson; Steven Evans; James P. Worthington; Leon J. Steenberg; Eileen Bisley; Chris Frampton (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015)

Living on the continental shelf edge: habitat use of juvenile shortfin makos Isurus oxyrinchus in the Great Australian Bight, southern Australia - Paul J. Rogers; Charlie Huveneers; Brad Page; Simon D. Goldsworthy; Micheal Coyne; Andrew D. Lowther; James G. Mitchell; Laurent Seuront (Fisheries Oceanography, 2015)
We used satellite telemetry data to investigate the movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile shortfin makos Isurus oxyrinchus (Lamnidae) tagged in the Great Australian Bight, southern Australia. Tracking durations ranged from 49–672 days and six deployments were > 1 year. During winter and spring, some shortfin makos migrated to the tropical NE Indian Ocean and Coral Sea, and the Subtropical Front region. One shortfin mako undertook an extended migration of 25 550 km across the Indian Ocean. Areas characterized by sea‐mounts in the NE Indian Ocean, the oceanic Subtropical Front region, and the continental shelf edge (200‐m depth) and slope canyons were visited by several sharks. Juvenile shortfin makos used the outer continental shelf, the shelf edge, the slope and oceanic waters during migrations and mostly exhibited fidelity in the mid‐outer shelf, the shelf edge and slope habitats characterized by high bathymetric relief and oceanographic frontal gradients. Our findings highlighted that the continental shelf and slope and associated submarine canyons of the Great Australian Bight represent ecologically important habitats for juvenile shortfin makos. The findings of this study will be pertinent during future management processes for this highly migratory species in this Southern Hemisphere region.

Remote sensing of intertidal habitats predicts West Indian topsnail population expansion but reveals scale-dependent bias - Erin L. Meyer; Nicholas J. Matzke; Simon J. Williams (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2015)

Exploiting the intrinsic hydrocarbon-degrading microbial capacities in oil tank bottom sludge and waste soil for sludge bioremediation - E. M. Adetutu; C. Bird; K. K. Kadali; A. Bueti; E. Shahsavari; M. Taha; S. Patil; P. J. Sheppard; T. Makadia; K. L. Simons; A. S. Ball (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015)

Regional agricultural governance in peri-urban and rural South Australia: strategies to improve multifunctionality - Simon J. Fielke; Douglas K. Bardsley (Sustainability Science, 2015)

Peptide Amphiphile Micelles Self-Adjuvant Group A Streptococcal Vaccination - Amanda Trent; Bret D. Ulery; Matthew J. Black; John C. Barrett; Simon Liang; Yulia Kostenko; Natalie A. David; Matthew V. Tirrell (The AAPS Journal, 2015)

Population dynamics of Thaumastocoris peregrinus in Eucalyptus plantations of South Africa - Ryan L. Nadel; Michael J. Wingfield; Mary C. Scholes; Jeffrey R. Garnas; Simon A. Lawson; Bernard Slippers (Journal of Pest Science, 2015)

Spatial dissimilarities in plankton structure and function during flood pulses in a semi-arid floodplain wetland system - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi; Timothy J. Ralph; Darren S. Ryder; Simon J. Hunter; Russell J. Shiel; Hendrik Segers (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Insight into normal thymic activity by assessment of peripheral blood samples - Diti Machnes-Maayan; Atar Lev; Uriel Katz; David Mishali; Amir Vardi; Amos J. Simon; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2015)

Motor cortex excitability and connectivity in chronic stroke: a multimodal model of functional reorganization - Lukas J. Volz; Anna-Sophia Sarfeld; Svenja Diekhoff; Anne K. Rehme; Eva-Maria Pool; Simon B. Eickhoff; Gereon R. Fink; Christian Grefkes (Brain Structure and Function, 2015)

Evolutionary transitions of complex labile traits: Silk weaving and arboreal nesting in Polyrhachis ants - Simon K. A. Robson; Rudy J. Kohout; Andrew T. Beckenbach; Corrie S. Moreau (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)

The effect of skin fatty acids on Staphylococcus aureus - Yvonne Neumann; Knut Ohlsen; Stefanie Donat; Susanne Engelmann; Harald Kusch; Dirk Albrecht; Michael Cartron; Alexander Hurd; Simon J. Foster (Archives of Microbiology, 2015)

Variation in plant diversity in mediterranean‐climate ecosystems: the role of climatic and topographical stability - Richard M. Cowling; Alastair J. Potts; Peter L. Bradshaw; Jonathan Colville; Margarita Arianoutsou; Simon Ferrier; Felix Forest; Nikolaos M. Fyllas; Stephen D. Hopper; Fernando Ojeda; Şerban Procheş; Rhian J. Smith; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Although all five of the major mediterranean‐climate ecosystems ( MCE s) of the world are recognized as loci of high plant species diversity and endemism, they show considerable variation in regional‐scale richness. Here, we assess the role of stable Pleistocene climate and Cenozoic topography in explaining variation in regional richness of the globe's MCE s. We hypothesize that older, more climatically stable MCE s would support more species, because they have had more time for species to accumulate than MCE s that were historically subject to greater topographic upheavals and fluctuating climates. Location South‐western Africa (Cape), south‐western Australia, California, central Chile and the eastern (Greece) and western (Spain) Mediterranean Basin. Methods We estimated plant diversity for each MCE as the intercepts of species–area curves that are homogeneous in slope across all regions. We used two down‐scaled global circulation models of the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ) to quantify climate stability by comparing the change in the location of MCE s between the LGM and present. We quantified the Cenozoic topographic stability of each MCE by comparing contemporary topographic profiles with those present in the late Oligocene and the early Pliocene. Results The most diverse MCE s – Cape and Australia – had the highest Cenozoic environmental stability, and the least diverse – Chile and California – had the lowest stability. Main conclusions Variation in plant diversity in MCE s is likely to be a consequence not of differences in diversification rates, but rather the persistence of numerous pre‐Pliocene clades in the more stable MCE s. The extraordinary plant diversity of the Cape is a consequence of the combined effects of both mature and recent radiations, the latter associated with increased habitat heterogeneity produced by mild tectonic uplift in the Neogene.

Addendum to: ‘Reproductive effort accelerates actuarial senescence in wild birds: an experimental study’ - Jelle J. Boonekamp; H. Martijn Salomons; Sandra Bouwhuis; Cor Dijkstra; Simon Verhulst (Ecology Letters, 2015)

Species associations structured by environment and land‐use history promote beta‐diversity in a temperate forest - Stephen J. Murphy; Lívia D. Audino; James Whitacre; Jenalle L. Eck; John W. Wenzel; Simon A. Queenborough; Liza S. Comita (Ecology, 2015)
Patterns of diversity and community composition in forests are controlled by a combination of environmental factors, historical events, and stochastic or neutral mechanisms. Each of these processes has been linked to forest community assembly, but their combined contributions to alpha and beta‐diversity in forests has not been well explored. Here we use variance partitioning to analyze ~40 000 individual trees of 49 species, collected within 137 ha of sampling area spread across a 900‐ha temperate deciduous forest reserve in Pennsylvania to ask (1) To what extent is site‐to‐site variation in species richness and community composition of a temperate forest explained by measured environmental gradients and by spatial descriptors (used here to estimate dispersal‐assembly or unmeasured, spatially structured processes)? (2) How does the incorporation of land‐use history information increase the importance attributed to deterministic community assembly? and (3) How do the distributions and abundances of individual species within the community correlate with these factors? Environmental variables (i.e., topography, soils, and distance to stream), spatial descriptors (i.e., spatial eigenvectors derived from Cartesian coordinates), and land‐use history variables (i.e., land‐use type and intensity, forest age, and distance to road), explained about half of the variation in both species richness and community composition. Spatial descriptors explained the most variation, followed by measured environmental variables and then by land‐use history. Individual species revealed variable responses to each of these sets of predictor variables. Several species were associated with stream habitats, and others were strictly delimited across opposing north‐ and south‐facing slopes. Several species were also associated with areas that experienced recent (i.e.,

Effect of Gas Diffusion on Mobility of Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery - Lars E. Nonnekes; Simon J. Cox; William R. Rossen (Transport in Porous Media, 2015)

Patterns of SNP distribution provide a molecular basis for high genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Vitis species - Huike Li; Yi-zhen Wan; Charles J. Simon (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2015)

Time-course of extracellular nicotine and cotinine levels in rat brain following administration of nicotine: effects of route and ethanol coadministration - Simon N. Katner; Jamie E. Toalston; Michael P. Smoker; Zachary A. Rodd; William J. McBride; Eric A. Engleman (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Suspended organic particles drive the development of attached algal communities in degraded peatlands - Alejandra Goldenberg Vilar; J. Arie Vonk; Simon Bichebois; Herman van Dam; Wim Admiraal; Harm G. van der Geest (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Can the tropical Western and Central Pacific tuna purse seine fishery contribute to Pacific Island population food security? - Graham M. Pilling; Shelton J. Harley; Simon Nicol; Peter Williams; John Hampton (Food Security, 2015)

Risk factors for endometrial cancer in black and white women: a pooled analysis from the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium (E2C2) - Michele L. Cote; Tala Alhajj; Julie J. Ruterbusch; Leslie Bernstein; Louise A. Brinton; William J. Blot; Chu Chen; Margery Gass; Sarah Gaussoin; Brian Henderson; Eunjung Lee; Pamela L. Horn-Ross; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Genome edited sheep and cattle - Chris Proudfoot; Daniel F. Carlson; Rachel Huddart; Charles R. Long; Jane H. Pryor; Tim J. King; Simon G. Lillico; Alan J. Mileham; David G. McLaren; C. Bruce A. Whitelaw; Scott C. Fahrenkrug (Transgenic Research, 2015)

Long-term consequences of invasive deer on songbird communities: Going from bad to worse? - Simon Chollet; Carita Bergman; Anthony J. Gaston; Jean-Louis Martin (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Laboratory evaluation of bioaugmentation for aerobic treatment of RDX in groundwater - Mark E. Fuller; Paul B. Hatzinger; Charles W. Condee; Christina Andaya; Simon Vainberg; Mandy M. Michalsen; Fiona H. Crocker; Karl J. Indest; Carina M. Jung; Hillary Eaton; Jonathan D. Istok (Biodegradation, 2015)

Structure and function of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (TIR) domains - Thomas Ve; Simon J. Williams; Bostjan Kobe (Apoptosis, 2015)

Assessing the risks and opportunities of presence‐only data for conservation planning - Virgilio Hermoso; Mark J. Kennard; Simon Linke (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Presence‐only data represent a significant source of information for quantifying biodiversity distributions and provide opportunities for use in conservation planning. The large databases of presence‐only records that are available and the lower cost of acquisition could help overcome the traditional problem of lack of data for conservation. However, there are risks associated with the use of presence‐only data inherent with the lack of true absences that might cause omission errors (species are erroneously thought to be absent) and loss of efficiency (more areas are thought to be necessary than needed). These errors could constrain the economic viability of conservation plans and thus the success of conservation practice. We therefore evaluated the opportunities and risks of using presence‐only data for conservation planning. Location Northern Australia. Methods The effects of using two different types (presence‐only and presence–absence) and different quantities of data were simulated by building predictive models on different subsets of data with increasing numbers of presence–absence or presence‐only records or a combination of both, for 80 freshwater fish species. We then compared the performance of conservation planning outcomes with the best information attainable (a true model built on the complete set of presence–absence data). We measured omission and commission errors in conservation planning outcomes, and the efficiency of and return on the investment in data acquisition. Results Including presence‐only data helped reduce commission and omission errors in conservation planning outcomes, but only when used in combination with at least some presence–absence data. The use of just a large quantity of presence‐only data resulted in significant reductions in the efficiency of conservation planning outcomes, as more areas than actually needed were required to achieve conservation targets. This reduction in efficiency was mainly related to inflated omission errors. Main conclusions We recommend using presence‐only data cautiously if this is the only source of data available; whenever possible, presence‐only data should be complemented with presence–absence data.

Response of beta diversity to pulses of Ordovician‐Silurian mass extinction - Simon A. F. Darroch; Peter J. Wagner (Ecology, 2015)
Ecologists are increasingly using the fossil record of mass extinction to build predictive models for the ongoing biodiversity crisis. During mass extinctions, major depletions in global (i.e., gamma) diversity may reflect decrease in alpha diversity (i.e., local assemblages support fewer taxa), and/or decrease in beta diversity (such that similar pools of taxa are common to a greater number of local areas). Contrasting the effects of extinction on alpha and beta diversity is therefore central to understanding how global richness becomes depleted over these critical events. Here we investigate the spatial effects of mass extinction by examining changes in alpha, beta, and gamma diversity in brachiopod communities over both pulses of Ordovician‐Silurian extinction (~445.2 and ~438.8 million years ago), which had dramatically different causal mechanisms. We furthermore reconstruct geographic range sizes for brachiopod genera to test competing models for drivers of beta diversity change. We find that: (1) alpha and beta diversity respond differently to extinction; (2) these responses differ between pulses of extinction; (3) changes in beta diversity associated with extinction are accompanied by changes in geographic range size; and (4) changes in global beta diversity were driven by the extinction of taxa with statistically small and large ranges, rather than range expansion/contraction in taxa that survive into the aftermath. A symptom of ongoing biotic crisis may therefore be the extinction of specific narrow‐ or wide‐ranging taxa, rather than the global proliferation of opportunistic and “disaster” forms. In addition, our results illustrate that changes in beta diversity on these longer timescales may largely be dictated by emplacement and removal of barriers to dispersal. Lastly, this study reinforces the utility of the fossil record in addressing questions surrounding the role of global‐scale processes (such as mass extinctions) in sculpting and assembling regional biotas.

Temporal estimation with two moving objects: overt and covert pursuit - Robin Baurès; Simon J. Bennett; Joe Causer (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning - J. P. van der Sluijs; V. Amaral-Rogers; L. P. Belzunces; M. F. I. J. Bijleveld van Lexmond; J-M. Bonmatin; M. Chagnon; C. A. Downs; L. Furlan; D. W. Gibbons; C. Giorio; V. Girolami; D. Goulson; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites - N. Simon-Delso; V. Amaral-Rogers; L. P. Belzunces; J. M. Bonmatin; M. Chagnon; C. Downs; L. Furlan; D. W. Gibbons; C. Giorio; V. Girolami; D. Goulson; D. P. Kreutzweiser; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates - L. W. Pisa; V. Amaral-Rogers; L. P. Belzunces; J. M. Bonmatin; C. A. Downs; D. Goulson; D. P. Kreutzweiser; C. Krupke; M. Liess; M. McField; C. A. Morrissey; D. A. Noome; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.

Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil - J.-M. Bonmatin; C. Giorio; V. Girolami; D. Goulson; D. P. Kreutzweiser; C. Krupke; M. Liess; E. Long; M. Marzaro; E. A. D. Mitchell; D. A. Noome; N. Simon-Delso; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Human induced stepping-stone colonisation of an admixed founder population: the spread of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) in Europe - Andrea Simon; Rodolphe E. Gozlan; J. Robert Britton; Cock van Oosterhout; Bernd Hänfling (Aquatic Sciences, 2015)

Evidence of land‐sea transfer of the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter to a wildlife marine sentinel species - Johanna L. Baily; Guillaume Méric; Sion Bayliss; Geoffrey Foster; Simon E. Moss; Eleanor Watson; Ben Pascoe; Jane Mikhail; Romain Pizzi; Robert J. Goldstone; David G. E. Smith; Kim Willoughby; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Environmental pollution often accompanies the expansion and urbanization of human populations where sewage and wastewaters commonly have an impact on the marine environments. Here, we explored the potential for faecal bacterial pathogens, of anthropic origin, to spread to marine wildlife in coastal areas. The common zoonotic bacterium Campylobacter was isolated from grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ), an important sentinel species for environmental pollution, and compared to isolates from wild birds, agricultural sources and clinical samples to characterize possible transmission routes. Campylobacter jejuni was present in half of all grey seal pups sampled (24/50 dead and 46/90 live pups) in the breeding colony on the Isle of May (Scotland), where it was frequently associated with histological evidence of disease. Returning yearling animals (19/19) were negative for C . jejuni suggesting clearance of infection while away from the localized colony infection source. The genomes of 90 isolates from seals were sequenced and characterized using a whole‐genome multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) approach and compared to 192 published genomes from multiple sources using population genetic approaches and a probabilistic genetic attribution model to infer the source of infection from MLST data. The strong genotype‐host association has enabled the application of source attribution models in epidemiological studies of human campylobacteriosis, and here assignment analyses consistently grouped seal isolates with those from human clinical samples. These findings are consistent with either a common infection source or direct transmission of human campylobacter to grey seals, raising concerns about the spread of human pathogens to wildlife marine sentinel species in coastal areas.

Response to commentary by W oinarski (Critical‐weight‐range marsupials in northern A ustralia are declining: a commentary on Fisher et al . (2014) ‘The current decline of tropical marsupials in A ustralia: is history repeating?’) - Diana O. Fisher; Chris N. Johnson; Michael J. Lawes; Susanne A. Fritz; Hamish McCallum; Simon P. Blomberg; Jeremy VanDerWal; Brett Abbott; Anke Frank; Sarah Legge; Mike Letnic; Colette R. Thomas; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2015)
The recent commentary by Woinarski (2014, Global Ecology and Biogeography , doi: 10.1111/geb.12165) disagreed with our conclusions on the correlates of decline in the marsupials of tropical A ustralia (Fisher et al., 2014, Global Ecology and Biogeography , 23 , 181–190). We compared traits of species that were associated with range decline in southern and northern A ustralia. We found that habitat structure, climate and body size were correlated with range decline. In the north, declines of marsupials were most severe in savanna with moderate rainfall. In the south, the ranges of species in open habitat with very low rainfall have declined most. Also, the association between range decline and body mass differed between north and south: this is the main concern of Woinarski, who further disagreed with our choice of the T ropic of C apricorn as a boundary between north and south, our omission of rodents, how to treat timing of extinctions, and our inference that cats are major drivers of decline. W e address these concerns in this response.

Fire in Australian savannas: from leaf to landscape - Jason Beringer; Lindsay B. Hutley; David Abramson; Stefan K. Arndt; Peter Briggs; Mila Bristow; Josep G. Canadell; Lucas A. Cernusak; Derek Eamus; Andrew C. Edwards; Bradley J. Evans; Benedikt Fest; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km 2 ) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of Australian savannas have coevolved with fire, yet remain driven by the dynamic constraints of their bioclimatic niche. Fire in Australian savannas influences both the biophysical and biogeochemical processes at multiple scales from leaf to landscape. Here, we present the latest emission estimates from Australian savanna biomass burning and their contribution to global greenhouse gas budgets. We then review our understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystem function and local surface water and heat balances, which in turn influence regional climate. We show how savanna fires are coupled to the global climate through the carbon cycle and fire regimes. We present new research that climate change is likely to alter the structure and function of savannas through shifts in moisture availability and increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in turn altering fire regimes with further feedbacks to climate. We explore opportunities to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from savanna ecosystems through changes in savanna fire management.

Vegetation exerts a greater control on litter decomposition than climate warming in peatlands - Susan E. Ward; Kate H. Orwin; Nicholas J. Ostle; Maria J. I. Briones; Bruce C. Thomson; Robert I. Griffiths; Simon Oakley; Helen Quirk; Richard D. Bardgett (Ecology, 2015)
Historically, slow decomposition rates have resulted in the accumulation of large amounts of carbon in northern peatlands. Both climate warming and vegetation change can alter rates of decomposition, and hence affect rates of atmospheric CO 2 exchange, with consequences for climate change feedbacks. Although warming and vegetation change are happening concurrently, little is known about their relative and interactive effects on decomposition processes. To test the effects of warming and vegetation change on decomposition rates, we placed litter of three dominant species ( Calluna vulgaris , Eriophorum vaginatum , Hypnum jutlandicum ) into a peatland field experiment that combined warming with plant functional group removals, and measured mass loss over two years. To identify potential mechanisms behind effects, we also measured nutrient cycling and soil biota. We found that plant functional group removals exerted a stronger control over short‐term litter decomposition than did ~1°C warming, and that the plant removal effect depended on litter species identity. Specifically, rates of litter decomposition were faster when shrubs were removed from the plant community, and these effects were strongest for graminoid and bryophyte litter. Plant functional group removals also had strong effects on soil biota and nutrient cycling associated with decomposition, whereby shrub removal had cascading effects on soil fungal community composition, increased enchytraeid abundance, and increased rates of N mineralization. Our findings demonstrate that, in addition to litter quality, changes in vegetation composition play a significant role in regulating short‐term litter decomposition and belowground communities in peatland, and that these impacts can be greater than moderate warming effects. Our findings, albeit from a relatively short‐term study, highlight the need to consider both vegetation change and its impacts below ground alongside climatic effects when predicting future decomposition rates and carbon storage in peatlands.

The Relative Ages of Eukaryotes and Akaryotes - David Penny; Lesley J. Collins; Toni K. Daly; Simon J. Cox (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2014)

Differential basolateral–apical distribution of scavenger receptor, class B, type I in cultured cells and the liver - Stefanie Fruhwürth; Werner J. Kovacs; Robert Bittman; Simon Messner; Clemens Röhrl; Herbert Stangl (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2014)

Acute leukocyte, cytokine and adipocytokine responses to maximal and hypertrophic resistance exercise bouts - Johanna Ihalainen; Simon Walker; Gøran Paulsen; Keijo Häkkinen; William J. Kraemer; Mari Hämäläinen; Katriina Vuolteenaho; Eeva Moilanen; Antti A Mero (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Side by Side Comparison of Chemical Compounds Generated by Aqueous Pretreatments of Maize Stover, Miscanthus and Sugarcane Bagasse - Leonardo D. Gómez; Ruben Vanholme; Susannah Bird; Geert Goeminne; Luisa M. Trindade; Igor Polikarpov; Rachael Simister; Kris Morreel; Wout Boerjan; Simon J. McQueen-Mason (BioEnergy Research, 2014)

Resveratrol and its oligomers: modulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in disease - Keng Gat Lim; Alexander I. Gray; Nahoum G. Anthony; Simon P. Mackay; Susan Pyne; Nigel J. Pyne (Archives of Toxicology, 2014)

Climate projections of future extreme events accounting for modelling uncertainties and historical simulation biases - Simon J. Brown; James M. Murphy; David M. H. Sexton; Glen R. Harris (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Effectiveness of the Bjerknes stability index in representing ocean dynamics - Felicity S. Graham; Jaclyn N. Brown; Clothilde Langlais; Simon J. Marsland; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Neil J. Holbrook (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Evolution of Stratocumulus Over Land: Comparison of Ground and Aircraft Observations with Numerical Weather Prediction Simulations - Simon R. Osborne; Steven J. Abel; Ian A. Boutle; Franco Marenco (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2014)

Impacts of the invasive cane toad on aquatic reptiles in a highly modified ecosystem: the importance of replicating impact studies - J. Sean Doody; Phil Mayes; Simon Clulow; David Rhind; Brian Green; Christina M. Castellano; Domenic D’Amore; Colin Mchenry (Biological Invasions, 2014)

Estimating tectonic uplift of the Cape Fear Arch (south‐eastern United States) using reconstructions of Holocene relative sea level - ORSON VAN DE PLASSCHE; ALEX J. WRIGHT; BENJAMIN P. HORTON; SIMON E. ENGELHART; ANDREW C. KEMP; DAVID MALLINSON; ROBERT E. KOPP (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2014)
We use relative sea‐level (RSL) reconstructions and a spatiotemporal statistical model to estimate the rate of uplift of the Cape Fear Arch, a Mesozoic structural high, during the last ∼4000 years. We reconstructed RSL using 12 radiocarbon‐dated samples of basal salt‐marsh sediment preserved at Elizabeth Creek Marsh on the Cape Fear River. The new data show that RSL rose by ∼3 m during the past ∼4.6 ka at an average rate of 0.67 ± 0.12 mm a −1 . RSL reconstructions from other sites in southern North Carolina (which have rates of 0.91 ± 0.10 to 0.84 ± 0.24 mm a −1 ) probably show ( P > 0.9) higher rates of regional RSL rise for the same period, while sites from northern South Carolina (which have rates of 0.72 ± 0.17 to 0.80 ± 0.21 mm a −1 ) probably ( P > 0.67) show the same. We attribute the differences between Elizabeth Creek Marsh and neighboring regions to uplift of the Cape Fear Arch, which we estimate to be 0.24 ± 0.15 mm a −1 . Uplift of the arch may be responsible for lower rates of 20 th century RSL rise recorded by the Wilmington tide gauge relative to rates measured elsewhere along the US mid‐Atlantic coast.

Individual foraging specialisation in a social mammal: the European badger (Meles meles) - Andrew Robertson; Robbie A. McDonald; Richard J. Delahay; Simon D. Kelly; Stuart Bearhop (Oecologia, 2014)

Biomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Exiguobacterium mexicanum - Aparna J. Padman; Janey Henderson; Simon Hodgson; Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman (Biotechnology Letters, 2014)

The broadcast spawning Caribbean shipworm, Teredothyra dominicensis (Bivalvia, Teredinidae), has invaded and become established in the eastern Mediterranean Sea - J. Reuben Shipway; Luisa M. S. Borges; Johann Müller; Simon M. Cragg (Biological Invasions, 2014)

Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus is a member of the genus Anulavirus - Simon W. Scott; Stuart A. MacFarlane; Wendy J. McGavin; Denis Fargette (Archives of Virology, 2014)

The use of synoptic climatology with general circulation model output over New Zealand - Simon Parsons; Adrian J. McDonald; James A. Renwick (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)
A cluster analysis‐based synoptic classification scheme, known as the Kidson types, was applied to reanalyses and Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 3 ( CMIP3 ) general circulation model ( GCM ) output over New Zealand to identify the potential for future changes in regional circulation. Results indicate that a number of GCM 20th century control runs reproduce the type frequencies observed in reanalysis data. Application to future scenario runs for the periods 2046–2065 and 2081–2100 displays little variation in the annual frequency of the synoptic types relative to the 20th century, especially when uncertainty associated with the model ensemble is considered. This is surprising in the context of previous work on possible future movements in jet position and subsequent impacts on weather patterns. A sensitivity analysis that mimics the movement of the jet position was performed, revealing that the annual type frequencies are relatively insensitive to change. To determine whether this is a problem with the synoptic typing scheme, a correlation‐based classification technique was also used, but showed similar results. This work highlights issues with applying synoptic classification schemes to GCM output and indicates that if such schemes are to be used they should be designed and tested with this application in mind.

Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota - Andrew J. Constable; Jessica Melbourne‐Thomas; Stuart P. Corney; Kevin R. Arrigo; Christophe Barbraud; David K. A. Barnes; Nathaniel L. Bindoff; Philip W. Boyd; Angelika Brandt; Daniel P. Costa; Andrew T. Davidson; Hugh W. Ducklow; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Antarctic and Southern Ocean ( ASO ) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole‐ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole‐ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species‐specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.