Future changes in tropical cyclone genesis in fully dynamic ocean- and mixed layer ocean-coupled climate models: a low-resolution model study - Joo-Hong Kim; Simon J. Brown; Ruth E. McDonald (Climate Dynamics, 2011)

Proteomic insights into cold adaptation of psychrotrophic and mesophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains - Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk; Jack T. Trevors; Simon J. Foote; Leo G. Leduc; Garry D. Ferroni; Susan M. Twine (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2011)

Genetic inferences about the population dynamics of codling moth females at a local scale - P. Franck; B. Ricci; E. K. Klein; J. Olivares; S. Simon; J.-M. Cornuet; C. Lavigne (Genetica, 2011)

Rethinking the evolution of extant sub‐Saharan African suids (Suidae, Artiodactyla) - Jaime Gongora; Rebecca E. Cuddahee; Fabrícia Ferreira do Nascimento; Christopher J. Palgrave; Stewart Lowden; Simon Y. W. Ho; Denbigh Simond; Chandramaya Siska Damayanti; Daniel James White; Wee Tek Tay; Ettore Randi; Hans Klingel; et al. (Zoologica Scripta, 2011)
Gongora, J., Cuddahee, R. E., do Nascimento, F. F., Palgrave, C. J., Lowden, S., Ho, S. Y. W., Simond, D., Damayanti, C. S., White, D. J., Tay, W. T., Randi, E., Klingel, H., Rodrigues‐Zarate, C. J., Allen, K., Moran, C. & Larson, G. (2011). Rethinking the evolution of extant sub‐Saharan African suids (Suidae, Artiodactyla). — Zoologica Scripta, 40 , 327–335. Although African suids have been of scientific interest for over two centuries, their origin, evolution, phylogeography and phylogenetic relationships remain contentious. There has been a long‐running debate concerning the evolution of pigs and hogs (Suidae), particularly regarding the phylogenetic relationships among extant Eurasian and African species of the subfamily Suinae. To investigate these issues, we analysed the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of extant genera of Suidae from Eurasia and Africa. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that all extant sub‐Saharan African genera form a monophyletic clade separate from Eurasian suid genera, contradicting previous attempts to resolve the Suidae phylogeny. Two major sub‐Saharan African clades were identified, with Hylochoerus and Phacochoerus grouping together as a sister clade to Potamochoerus. In addition, we find that the ancestors of extant African suids may have evolved separately from the ancestors of modern day Sus and Porcula in Eurasia before they colonised Africa. Our results provide a revision of the intergeneric relationships within the family Suidae.

Plant leaf roughness analysis by texture classification with generalized Fourier descriptors in a dimensionality reduction context - L. Journaux; J.-C. Simon; M. F. Destain; F. Cointault; J. Miteran; A. Piron (Precision Agriculture, 2011)

Polymorphic variants in tenascin-C (TNC) are associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease - Mollie A. Minear; David R. Crosslin; Beth S. Sutton; Jessica J. Connelly; Sarah C. Nelson; Shera Gadson-Watson; Tianyuan Wang; David Seo; Jeffrey M. Vance; Michael H. Sketch; Carol Haynes; Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont; et al. (Human Genetics, 2011)

The Elicitation of Audiovisual Steady-State Responses: Multi-Sensory Signal Congruity and Phase Effects - Julian Jenkins; Ariane E. Rhone; William J. Idsardi; Jonathan Z. Simon; David Poeppel (Brain Topography, 2011)

Dissolution Testing of Sublingual Tablets: A Novel In Vitro Method - Ousama Rachid; Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji; F. Estelle R. Simons; Keith J. Simons (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2011)

Data Requirements for the Reliable Use of Atomic Pair Distribution Functions in Amorphous Pharmaceutical Fingerprinting - Timur Dykhne; Ryan Taylor; Alastair Florence; Simon J. L. Billinge (Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)

Germination requirements of Allanblackia parviflora seeds and early growth of seedlings - D. A. Ofori; T. Peprah; J. R. Cobbinah; H. A. Atchwerebour; F. Osabutey; Z. Tchoundjeu; A. J. Simons; R. Jamnadass (New Forests, 2011)

Development of S/MAR minicircles for enhanced and persistent transgene expression in the mouse liver - Orestis Argyros; Suet Ping Wong; Constantinos Fedonidis; Oleg Tolmachov; Simon N. Waddington; Steven J. Howe; Marcello Niceta; Charles Coutelle; Richard P. Harbottle (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2011)

New tools to boost butterfly habitat quality in existing grass buffer strips - Robin J. Blake; Ben A. Woodcock; Duncan B. Westbury; Peter Sutton; Simon G. Potts (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2011)

Effect of dietary alginic acid on juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestinal microbial balance, intestinal histology and growth performance - Daniel L. Merrifield; Glenn M. Harper; Sanaa Mustafa; Oliana Carnevali; Simona Picchietti; Simon J. Davies (Cell and Tissue Research, 2011)

Extinction vulnerability of coral reef fishes - Nicholas A. J. Graham; Pascale Chabanet; Richard D. Evans; Simon Jennings; Yves Letourneur; M. Aaron MacNeil; Tim R. McClanahan; Marcus C. Öhman; Nicholas V. C. Polunin; Shaun K. Wilson (Ecology Letters, 2011)

Ca2+-Dependent Phosphorylation of RyR2 Can Uncouple Channel Gating from Direct Cytosolic Ca2+ Regulation - Simon Carter; Samantha J. Pitt; John Colyer; Rebecca Sitsapesan (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2011)

Strong Photoluminescence Enhancement from Colloidal Quantum Dot Near Silver Nano-Island Films - Hagen Langhuth; Simon Frédérick; Michael Kaniber; Jonathan J. Finley; Ulrich Rührmair (Journal of Fluorescence, 2011)

Long-interval intracortical inhibition in a human hand muscle - Chris J. McNeil; Peter G. Martin; Simon C. Gandevia; Janet L. Taylor (Experimental Brain Research, 2011)

The Kimberlites and related rocks of the Kuruman Kimberlite Province, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa - Cara L. Donnelly; William L. Griffin; Suzanne Y. O’Reilly; Norman J. Pearson; Simon R. Shee (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2011)

Land use, soil erosion, and sediment yield at Pinto Lake, California: comparison of a simplified USLE model with the lake sediment record - John F. Boyle; Andy J. Plater; Claire Mayers; Simon D. Turner; Rob W. Stroud; Jerry E. Weber (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011)

Desiccation tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus - Plykaeow Chaibenjawong; Simon J. Foster (Archives of Microbiology, 2011)

Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance - REIMO KINDLER; JAN SIEMENS; KLAUS KAISER; DAVID C. WALMSLEY; CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER; NINA BUCHMANN; PIERRE CELLIER; WERNER EUGSTER; GERD GLEIXNER; THOMAS GRŨNWALD; ALEXANDER HEIM; ANDREAS IBROM; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2011)
Estimates of carbon leaching losses from different land use systems are few and their contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance is uncertain. We investigated leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved methane (CH 4 ), at forests, grasslands, and croplands across Europe. Biogenic contributions to DIC were estimated by means of its δ 13 C signature. Leaching of biogenic DIC was 8.3±4.9 g m −2 yr −1 for forests, 24.1±7.2 g m −2 yr −1 for grasslands, and 14.6±4.8 g m −2 yr −1 for croplands. DOC leaching equalled 3.5±1.3 g m −2 yr −1 for forests, 5.3±2.0 g m −2 yr −1 for grasslands, and 4.1±1.3 g m −2 yr −1 for croplands. The average flux of total biogenic carbon across land use systems was 19.4±4.0 g C m −2 yr −1 . Production of DOC in topsoils was positively related to their C/N ratio and DOC retention in subsoils was inversely related to the ratio of organic carbon to iron plus aluminium (hydr)oxides. Partial pressures of CO 2 in soil air and soil pH determined DIC concentrations and fluxes, but soil solutions were often supersaturated with DIC relative to soil air CO 2 . Leaching losses of biogenic carbon (DOC plus biogenic DIC) from grasslands equalled 5–98% (median: 22%) of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) plus carbon inputs with fertilization minus carbon removal with harvest. Carbon leaching increased the net losses from cropland soils by 24–105% (median: 25%). For the majority of forest sites, leaching hardly affected actual net ecosystem carbon balances because of the small solubility of CO 2 in acidic forest soil solutions and large NEE. Leaching of CH 4 proved to be insignificant compared with other fluxes of carbon. Overall, our results show that leaching losses are particularly important for the carbon balance of agricultural systems.

Benzodiazepine discontinuation among community-dwelling older people: a population-based cohort study - J. Simon Bell; Piia Lavikainen; Mikko Korhonen; Sirpa Hartikainen (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2011)

Relative sensitivity of fish and mammalian cells to the antibiotic, trimethoprim: cytotoxic and genotoxic responses as determined by neutral red retention, Comet and micronucleus assays - Elena Papis; Simon J. Davies; Awadhesh N. Jha (Ecotoxicology, 2011)

TAT Is Not Capable of Transcellular Delivery Across an Intact Endothelial Monolayer In Vitro - Melissa J. Simon; Woo Hyeun Kang; Shan Gao; Scott Banta; Barclay Morrison III (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Non‐target sites with single nucleotide insertions or deletions are frequently found in 16S rRNA sequences and can lead to false positives in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) - Simon J. McIlroy; Daniel Tillett; Steve Petrovski; Robert J. Seviour (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has impacted profoundly on our knowledge of the in situ ecophysiology and biodiversity of bacteria in natural communities. However, it has many technical challenges including the possibility of false positives from the binding of probes to non‐target rRNA sequences. We show here that probe target sites containing single‐base insertions or deletions can lead to false FISH positives, the result of hybridization with a bulge around the missing base. Experimental and in silico data suggest this situation occurs at a surprisingly high frequency. The existence of such sites is not currently considered during most FISH probe design processes. We describe software to identify potential non‐target sites resulting from single‐base insertions or deletions in rRNA sequences. This software also provides an estimate of the FISH probe hybridization efficiency to these sites.

Approaches to the total synthesis of biologically active natural products: studies directed towards bryostatins - Anthony P. Green; Simon Hardy; Alan T. L. Lee; Eric J. Thomas (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2010)

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of pancreatic cancer among postmenopausal women in the women’s health initiative observational study and clinical trial - M. S. Simon; J. M. Shikany; M. L. Neuhouser; T. Rohan; K. Nirmal; Y. Cui; J. Abrams (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Malignant melanoma as a target malignancy for the study of the anti-metastatic properties of the heparins - Anthony Maraveyas; Miriam J. Johnson; Yu Pei Xiao; Simon Noble (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2010)

Thermal expansion and high-temperature P21/c–C2/c phase transition in clinopyroxene-type LiFeGe2O6 and comparison to NaFe(Si,Ge)2O6 - Günther J. Redhammer; Fernando Cámara; Matteo Alvaro; Fabrizio Nestola; Gerold Tippelt; Sebastian Prinz; Jan Simons; Georg Roth; Georg Amthauer (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2010)

Polymorphisms in oxidative stress and inflammation pathway genes, low-dose ionizing radiation, and the risk of breast cancer among US radiologic technologists - Sara J. Schonfeld; Parveen Bhatti; Elizabeth E. Brown; Martha S. Linet; Steven L. Simon; Robert M. Weinstock; Amy A. Hutchinson; Marilyn Stovall; Dale L. Preston; Bruce H. Alexander; Michele M. Doody; Alice J. Sigurdson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

The relation between adiposity throughout the life course and variation in IGFs and IGFBPs: evidence from the ProtecT (Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment) study - Mari-Anne Rowlands; Jeff M. P. Holly; David Gunnell; Rebecca Gilbert; Jenny Donovan; J. Athene Lane; Gemma Marsden; Simon M. Collin; Freddie Hamdy; David E. Neal; Richard M. Martin (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Patterns of spatial genetic structure and diversity at the onset of a rapid range expansion: colonisation of the UK by the small red-eyed damselfly Erythromma viridulum - Phillip C. Watts; Simon Keat; David J. Thompson (Biological Invasions, 2010)

Evaluating the protection of wildlife in parks: the case of African buffalo in Serengeti - K. L. Metzger; A. R. E. Sinclair; Ray Hilborn; J. Grant C. Hopcraft; Simon A. R. Mduma (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World - F. A. ZEPEDA‐PAULO; J.‐C. SIMON; C. C. RAMÍREZ; E. FUENTES‐CONTRERAS; J. T. MARGARITOPOULOS; A. C. C. WILSON; C. E. SORENSON; L. M. BRIONES; R. AZEVEDO; D. V. OHASHI; C. LACROIX; L. GLAIS; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2010)
Biological invasions are rapid evolutionary events in which populations are usually subject to a founder event during introduction followed by rapid adaptation to the new environment. Molecular tools and Bayesian approaches have shown their utility in exploring different evolutionary scenarios regarding the invasion routes of introduced species. We examined the situation for the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae , a recently introduced aphid species in Chile. Using seven microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation, we studied populations of the tobacco aphid sampled from several American and European countries, identifying the most likely source populations and tracking the route of introduction to Chile. Our population genetic data are consistent with available historical information, pointing to an introduction route of the tobacco aphid from Europe and/or from other putative populations (e.g. Asia) with subsequent introduction through North America to South America. Evidence of multiple introductions to North America from different genetic pools, with successive loss of genetic diversity from Europe towards North America and a strong bottleneck during the southward introduction to South America, was also found. Additionally, we examined the special case of a widespread multilocus genotype that was found in all American countries examined. This case provides further evidence for the existence of highly successful genotypes or ‘superclones’ in asexually reproducing organisms.

Distribution and partial molecular characterization of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) found in Croatian autochthonous grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm - D. Voncina; S. Simon; E. Dermic; B. Cvjetkovic; I. Pejic; E. Maletic; J. Karoglan Kontic (Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2010)

Eye movements influence estimation of time-to-contact in prediction motion - Simon J. Bennett; Robin Baures; Heiko Hecht; Nicolas Benguigui (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Mineral inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds from Collier 4 kimberlite pipe, Juina, Brazil: subducted protoliths, carbonated melts and primary kimberlite magmatism - Galina P. Bulanova; Michael J. Walter; Chris B. Smith; Simon C. Kohn; Lora S. Armstrong; Jon Blundy; Luiz Gobbo (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2010)

Light colour influences the behaviour and stress physiology of captive tench (Tinca tinca) - Matthew A. G. Owen; Simon J. Davies; Katherine A. Sloman (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2010)

Synthesis of “Difficult” Fluorescence Quenched Substrates of Granzyme C - Susan E. Northfield; Kade D. Roberts; Simon J. Mountford; Richard A. Hughes; Dion Kaiserman; Matthew Mangan; Robert N. Pike; Phillip I. Bird; Philip E. Thompson (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2010)

Sensory-motor equivalence: manual aiming in C6 tetraplegics following musculotendinous transfer surgery at the elbow - Mark A. Robinson; Spencer J. Hayes; Simon J. Bennett; Gabor J. Barton; Digby Elliott (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

The structure of dopamine induced α-synuclein oligomers - Agata Rekas; Robert B. Knott; Anna Sokolova; Kevin J. Barnham; Keyla A. Perez; Colin L. Masters; Simon C. Drew; Roberto Cappai; Cyril C. Curtain; Chi L. L. Pham (European Biophysics Journal, 2010)

Enhanced ozone exposure of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) stimulates nitrogen mobilization from leaf litter and nitrogen accumulation in the soil - G. Stoelken; K. Pritsch; J. Simon; C. W. Mueller; T. E. E. Grams; J. Esperschuetz; S. Gayler; F. Buegger; N. Brueggemann; R. Meier; B. Zeller; J. B. Winkler; et al. (Plant Biosystems, 2010)

A Role for Potassium Permeability in the Recognition, Clearance, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells - Jingxuan Zhang; Michael J. Shipston; Simon B. Brown (Molecular Neurobiology, 2010)

Rewarding and unrewarding aspects of deployment to Iraq and its association with psychological health in UK military personnel - Josefin Sundin; Nicola T. Fear; Lisa Hull; Norman Jones; Christopher Dandeker; Matthew Hotopf; Simon Wessely; Roberto J. Rona (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2010)

Oculomotor prediction of accelerative target motion during occlusion: long-term and short-term effects - Simon J. Bennett; Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry; Philippe Lefèvre; Graham R. Barnes (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Permeability of Endothelial and Astrocyte Cocultures: In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Models for Drug Delivery Studies - Guanglei Li; Melissa J. Simon; Limary M. Cancel; Zhong-Dong Shi; Xinying Ji; John M. Tarbell; Barclay Morrison; Bingmei M. Fu (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Effect of Local Cultural Context on the Success of Community‐Based Conservation Interventions - KERRY A. WAYLEN; ANKE FISCHER; PHILIP J. K. MCGOWAN; SIMON J. THIRGOOD; E. J. MILNER‐GULLAND (Conservation Biology, 2010)
Conservation interventions require evaluation to understand what factors predict success or failure. To date, there has been little systematic investigation of the effect of social and cultural context on conservation success, although a large body of literature argues it is important. We investigated whether local cultural context, particularly local institutions and the efforts of interventions to engage with this culture significantly influence conservation outcomes. We also tested the effects of community participation, conservation education, benefit provision, and market integration. We systematically reviewed the literature on community‐based conservation and identified 68 interventions suitable for inclusion. We used a protocol to extract and code information and evaluated a range of measures of outcome success (attitudinal, behavioral, ecological, and economic). We also examined the association of each predictor with each outcome measure and the structure of predictor covariance. Local institutional context influenced intervention outcomes, and interventions that engaged with local institutions were more likely to succeed. Nevertheless, there was limited support for the role of community participation, conservation education, benefit provision, and market integration on intervention success. We recommend that conservation interventions seek to understand the societies they work with and tailor their activities accordingly. Systematic reviews are a valuable approach for assessing conservation evidence, although sensitive to the continuing lack of high‐quality reporting on conservation interventions.

Enemy release does not increase performance of Cirsium arvense in New Zealand - Michael G. Cripps; Grant R. Edwards; Graeme W. Bourdôt; David J. Saville; Hariet L. Hinz; Simon V. Fowler (Plant Ecology, 2010)

General motor representations are developed during action-observation - Spencer J. Hayes; Digby Elliott; Simon J. Bennett (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Efficacy of bacterially expressed dsRNA specific to different structural genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in protection of shrimp from WSSV infection - M Sarathi; M C Simon; C Venkatesan; J Thomas; M Ravi; N Madan; S Thiyagarajan; A S Sahul Hameed (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2010)

Ecological effects of longline fishing and climate change on the pelagic ecosystem off eastern Australia - Shane P. Griffiths; Jock W. Young; Matt J. Lansdell; Robert A. Campbell; John Hampton; Simon D. Hoyle; Adam Langley; Donald Bromhead; Michael G. Hinton (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2010)

Eurypterid trackways from Early Devonian tidal facies of Alken an der Mosel (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Germany) - Markus Poschmann; Simon J. Braddy (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2010)

Three new legumes endemic to the Marañón Valley, Perú - G. P. Lewis; C. E. Hughes; A. Daza Yomona; J. Solange Sotuyo; M. F. Simon (Kew Bulletin, 2010)

Environmental and social influences on the genetic structure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Southeastern Australia - Joanna Wiszniewski; Luciano B. Beheregaray; Simon J. Allen; Luciana M. Möller (Conservation Genetics, 2010)

An Electronic Tongue: Evaluation of the Masking Efficacy of Sweetening and/or Flavoring Agents on the Bitter Taste of Epinephrine - Ousama Rachid; F. Estelle R. Simons; Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji; Keith J. Simons (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010)

Historic fuel wood use in the Galápagos Islands: identification of charred remains - Cynthia A. Froyd; Jessica A. Lee; Atholl J. Anderson; Simon G. Haberle; Peter E. Gasson; Katherine J. Willis (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010)

Discrimination of Nuclear Explosions against Civilian Sources Based on Atmospheric Xenon Isotopic Activity Ratios - Martin B. Kalinowski; Anders Axelsson; Marc Bean; Xavier Blanchard; Theodore W. Bowyer; Guy Brachet; Simon Hebel; Justin I. McIntyre; Jana Peters; Christoph Pistner; Maria Raith; Anders Ringbom; et al. (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2010)

Inheritance of beta-carotene-associated mesocarp color and fruit maturity of melon (Cucumis melo L.) - H. E. Cuevas; J. E. Staub; P. W. Simon (Euphytica, 2010)

Mitochondrial plasticity in brachiopod (Liothyrella spp.) smooth adductor muscle as a result of season and latitude - Glenn J. Lurman; Till Blaser; Miles Lamare; Lloyd S. Peck; Simon Morley (Marine Biology, 2010)

Movement and habitat selection by Argia vivida (Hagen) (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) in fuel-modified forest - Andrea D. Kortello; Simon J. Ham (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2010)

Ocular pursuit and the estimation of time-to-contact with accelerating objects in prediction motion are controlled independently based on first-order estimates - Nicolas Benguigui; Simon J. Bennett (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Advance knowledge effects on kinematics of one-handed catching - Pieter Tijtgat; Simon J. Bennett; Geert J. P. Savelsbergh; Dirk De Clercq; Matthieu Lenoir (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Optimisation of contained Nicotiana tabacum cultivation for the production of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals - Richard Colgan; Christopher J. Atkinson; Matthew Paul; Sally Hassan; Pascal M. W. Drake; Amy L. Sexton; Simon Santa-Cruz; David James; Keith Hamp; Colin Gutteridge; Julian K-C. Ma (Transgenic Research, 2010)

The high value of logged tropical forests: lessons from northern Borneo - Nicholas J. Berry; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Jane K. Hill; David P. Edwards; Noel B. Tawatao; Norhayati Ahmad; David Magintan; Chey V. Khen; M. Maryati; Robert C. Ong; Keith C. Hamer (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Hybridization and polyploidy as drivers of continuing evolution and speciation in Sorbus - ASHLEY ROBERTSON; TIMOTHY C. G. RICH; ALEXANDRA M. ALLEN; LIBBY HOUSTON; CAT ROBERTS; JON R. BRIDLE; STEPHEN A. HARRIS; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Propagating trembling aspen from root cuttings: impact of storage length and phenological period of root donor plants - Jessica Snedden; Simon M. Landhäusser; Victor J. Lieffers; Lee R. Charleson (New Forests, 2010)

The role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in hepatic encephalopathy - Mark J. W. McPhail; Simon D. Taylor-Robinson (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2010)

Molybdenum—nitrogen co‐limitation in freshwater and coastal heterocystous cyanobacteria - Jennifer B. Glass; Felisa Wolfe-Simon; James J. Elser; Ariel D. Anbar (Limnology and Oceanography, 2010)
Molybdenum (Mo) is essential for the biological assimilation of inorganic nitrogen (N). We compared Mo requirements for N 2 ‐fixation in two species of filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria (HC) to test the hypothesis that coastal HC require higher Mo concentrations than freshwater HC. This expectation follows from the fact that Mo is more concentrated in seawater (~ 105 nmol L −1 ) than in most freshwaters ( −1 ). Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that both strains maintained N 2 ‐fixation for 30 d at 10 nmol L −1 . Mo concentrations −1 induced N‐limitation in both species, as indicated by increased C:N ratios and decreased nitrogenase expression and activity. This response took time to induce, likely due to high‐affinity molybdate uptake by both species. Measurable N 2 ‐fixation persisted in the coastal strain ( Nostoc sp. CCMP 2511) for at most 12 d; 3 d were required for chlorophyll a concentrations to fall below those of Mo‐replete cultures. An additional 7 d and 11 d, respectively, were required for N 2 ‐fixation rates and chlorophyll levels to decline in Mo‐limited freshwater cultures ( Nostoc sp. PCC 7120). When Mo was high (> 1 µmol L −1 ), the freshwater strain exhibited considerable Mo storage (> 100 µmol mol −1 Mo: C) whereas cellular Mo remained −1 Mo:C in the coastal strain. The high Mo content and extended time required for N 2 ‐fixation to decrease in the freshwater strain could be due to expression of the gene mop, which encodes a putative molybdate‐storage protein. This study suggests the importance of Mo storage in freshwater HC.

Anthropogenic disturbance affects the structure of bacterial communities - Duane Ager; Simon Evans; Hong Li; Andrew K. Lilley; Christopher J. Van Der Gast (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary Patterns of taxa abundance distributions are the result of the combined effects of historical and biological processes and as such are central to ecology. It is accepted that a taxa abundance distribution for a given community of animals or plants following a perturbation will typically change in structure from one of high evenness to increasing dominance. Subsequently, such changes in evenness have been used as indicators of biological integrity and environmental assessment. Here, using replicated experimental treehole microcosms perturbed with different concentrations of the pollutant pentachlorophenol, we investigated whether changes in bacterial community structure would reflect the effects of anthropogenic stress in a similar manner to larger organisms. Community structure was visualized using rank–abundance plots fitted with linear regression models. The slopes of the regression models were used as a descriptive statistic of changes in evenness over time. Our findings showed that bacterial community structure reflected the impact and the recovery from an anthropogenic disturbance. In addition, the intensity of impact and the rate of recovery to pre‐perturbation structure were dose‐dependent. These properties of bacterial community structures may potentially provide a metric for environmental assessment and regulation.

Effects of acute tryptophan depletion in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-remitted patients with generalized anxiety disorder - Sean D. Hood; Dana A. Hince; Simon J. C. Davies; Spilios Argyropoulos; Hayley Robinson; John Potokar; David J. Nutt (Psychopharmacology, 2010)

Inheritance of beta-carotene-associated flesh color in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit - H. E. Cuevas; H. Song; J. E. Staub; P. W. Simon (Euphytica, 2010)

Nitrogen deposition causes widespread loss of species richness in British habitats - LINDSAY C. MASKELL; SIMON M. SMART; JAMES M. BULLOCK; KEN THOMPSON; CARLY J. STEVENS (Global Change Biology, 2010)
We use national scale data to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) deposition is strongly negatively correlated with plant species richness in a wide range of ecosystem types. Vegetation plots from a national ecological surveillance programme were drawn from heathland, acid, calcareous and mesotrophic grassland habitats. Mean species number and mean plant traits were calculated for each plot and related to atmospheric N deposition. There was a significant reduction in species richness with N deposition in acid grassland and heathland even after fitting covarying factors. In acid grassland and heathland, evidence from trait changes suggested that acidification rather than increased fertility was responsible for species loss. In contrast, calcareous grassland showed evidence of eutrophication in response to increasing N deposition. Loss of species richness from chronic N deposition is apparent in infertile grasslands and heathland. Mechanisms associated with loss of species richness differ between habitats so mitigation of N deposition should be targeted to habitat type.

Effects of thalamic high-frequency electrical stimulation on whisker-evoked cortical adaptation - Jason W. Middleton; Amanda Kinnischtzke; Daniel J. Simons (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

How unpredictable is the individual scanning process in socially foraging mammals? - Olivier Pays; Simon P. Blomberg; Pierre-Cyril Renaud; François-René Favreau; Peter J. Jarman (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2010)

Burkholderia species are ancient symbionts of legumes - CYRIL BONTEMPS; GEOFFREY N. ELLIOTT; MARCELO F. SIMON; FÁBIO B. DOS REIS JÚNIOR; EDUARDO GROSS; REBECCA C. LAWTON; NICOLAU ELIAS NETO; MARIA de FÁTIMA LOUREIRO; SERGIO M. DE FARIA; JANET I. SPRENT; EUAN K. JAMES; J. PETER W. YOUNG (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Disturbance facilitates rapid range expansion of aspen into higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains under a warming climate - Simon M. Landhäusser; Dominique Deshaies; Victor J. Lieffers (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim Trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) is absent in the upper foothills region of west‐central Alberta because of the cold conditions and short growing season at this high elevation. However, in recent years it appears that aspen has been establishing from seed in this zone and that it has been doing so mainly as a result of forest harvesting. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of and types of microsite required for the successful establishment of aspen seedlings at these higher elevations. Location Rocky Mountains Upper Foothills Natural Subregion of west‐central Alberta, Canada. Methods The current distribution of mature aspen and the presence and absence of aspen seedlings in harvested areas were determined in an area c. 300 km 2 in size, using ground and aerial surveys. In an intensive study, 12 belt transects (180 m long and 5 m wide) were established in areas disturbed by forest harvesting at high elevations where no aspen was present prior to harvesting. Transects were surveyed seven growing seasons after disturbance and the microsites occupied by aspen seedlings were characterized according to their substrate and microtopography. Similarly, the availability of different substrates and microtopographic positions were assessed by systematic point sampling on these sites. Results On level surfaces, aspen seedling regeneration was found up to 200 m higher in elevation than the mature aspen in the original undisturbed forests. Overall, there were 428 seedlings ha −1 established on these transects, and the age distribution indicates that aspen seedlings had established in each of the seven growing seasons since the disturbance. Nearly all of the seedlings (93%) were established on mineral soil microsites and virtually no seedlings were established on undisturbed forest floor layers. Significantly more seedlings were found in concave microtopographic positions. Main conclusions This study indicates that aspen establishment from seed is currently not a stochastic event and demonstrates that aspen is rapidly expanding its range upslope in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region as a result of forest management practices that expose mineral soil substrates in conjunction with a warming climate. The change in canopy composition from conifer to deciduous forests at these higher elevations will have far‐reaching implications for ecosystem processes and functions.

Age distribution of lactating New Zealand sea lions: Interannual and intersite variation - Simon J. Childerhouse; Stephen M. Dawson; Elisabeth Slooten; David J. Fletcher; Ian S. Wilkinson (Marine Mammal Science, 2009)

Emerging targeted therapies for bladder cancer: a disease waiting for a drug - Simon J. Dovedi; Barry R. Davies (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2009)

Surge in sulphur and halogen degassing from Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu - Philipson Bani; Clive Oppenheimer; Vitchko I. Tsanev; Simon A. Carn; Shane J. Cronin; Rachel Crimp; Julie A. Calkins; Douglas Charley; Michel Lardy; Tjarda R. Roberts (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2009)

Major QTL for carrot color are positionally associated with carotenoid biosynthetic genes and interact epistatically in a domesticated × wild carrot cross - Brian J. Just; Carlos A. F. Santos; Brian S. Yandell; Philipp W. Simon (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

Aspen regeneration on log decking areas as influenced by season and duration of log storage - Kevin N. Renkema; Victor J. Lieffers; Simon M. Landhäusser (New Forests, 2009)

Tracking volcanic sulfur dioxide clouds for aviation hazard mitigation - Simon A. Carn; Arlin J. Krueger; Nickolay A. Krotkov; Kai Yang; Keith Evans (Natural Hazards, 2009)

Reproductive biology and characterization of Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. in Ghana - T. Peprah; D. A. Ofori; D. E. K. A. Siaw; S. D. Addo-Danso; J. R. Cobbinah; A. J. Simons; R. Jamnadass (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009)

Prognostic value of the quality indicator “concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs” among residents of long-term-care facilities - J. Simon Bell; Heidi T. Taipale; Helena Soini; Kaisu H. Pitkälä (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009)

Structural characterisation of neutrophil glycans by ultra sensitive mass spectrometric glycomics methodology - Ponnusamy Babu; Simon J. North; Jihye Jang-Lee; Sara Chalabi; Kathryn Mackerness; Sean R. Stowell; Richard D. Cummings; Sara Rankin; Anne Dell; Stuart M. Haslam (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2009)

Extracting nucleic acids from activated sludge which reflect community population diversity - Simon J. McIlroy; Kate Porter; Robert J. Seviour; Daniel Tillett (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2009)

Fur seals at Macquarie Island: post-sealing colonisation, trends in abundance and hybridisation of three species - Simon David Goldsworthy; Jane McKenzie; Brad Page; Melanie L. Lancaster; Peter D. Shaughnessy; Louise P. Wynen; Susan A. Robinson; Kristian J. Peters; Alastair M. M. Baylis; Rebecca R. McIntosh (Polar Biology, 2009)

Identification of novel MHC class I sequences in pig-tailed macaques by amplicon pyrosequencing and full-length cDNA cloning and sequencing - Claire E. O’Leary; Roger W. Wiseman; Julie A. Karl; Benjamin N. Bimber; Simon M. Lank; Jennifer J. Tuscher; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2009)

Recognition and palaeoclimatic implications of late Quaternary niche glaciation in eastern Lesotho - Stephanie C. Mills; Stefan W. Grab; Simon J. Carr (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2009)
Geomorphic evidence of former glaciation in the high Drakensberg of southern Africa has proven controversial, with conflicting glacial and non‐glacial interpretations suggested for many landforms. This paper presents new geomorphological, sedimentological and micromorphological data, and glacier mass‐balance modelling for a site in the Leqooa Valley, eastern Lesotho, preserving what are considered to be moraines of a former niche glacier that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The geomorphology and macro‐sedimentology of the deposits display characteristics of both active and passive transport by glacial processes. However, micromorphological analyses indicate a more complex history of glacial deposition and subsequent reworking by mass movement processes. The application of a glacier reconstruction technique to determine whether this site could have supported a glacier indicates a reconstructed glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 3136 m a.s.l. and palaeoglacier mass balance characteristics comparable with modern analogues, reflecting viable, if marginal glaciation. Radiocarbon dates obtained from organic sediment within the moraines indicate that these are of LGM age. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic conditions during the LGM suggest that snow accumulation in the Drakensberg was significantly higher than considered by other studies, and has substantial relevance for tuning regional climate models for southern Africa during the last glacial cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Ataxic Cacna1a-Mutant Mouse Rolling Nagoya: An Overview of Neuromorphological and Electrophysiological Findings - Jaap J. Plomp; Arn M. J. M. van den Maagdenberg; Simon Kaja (The Cerebellum, 2009)

Primary biliary cirrhosis - Simon Hohenester; Ronald P. J. Oude-Elferink; Ulrich Beuers (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2009)

Synthesis, characterization, and reaction pathways for the formation of a GMP adduct of a cytotoxic thiocyanato ruthenium arene complex - Fuyi Wang; Abraha Habtemariam; Erwin P. L. van der Geer; Robert J. Deeth; Robert Gould; Simon Parsons; Peter J. Sadler (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2009)

Movement signal choreography unaffected by receiver distance in the Australian Jacky lizard, Amphibolurus muricatus - Richard A. Peters; Simon J. Allen (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2009)

A consensus linkage map identifies genomic regions controlling fruit maturity and beta-carotene-associated flesh color in melon (Cucumis melo L.) - H. E. Cuevas; J. E. Staub; P. W. Simon; J. E. Zalapa (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

Creating Functional Vesicle Assemblies from Vesicles and Nanoparticles - Robert J. Mart; Kwan Ping Liem; Simon J. Webb (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Climate and agricultural context shape reproductive mode variation in an aphid crop pest - A. GILABERT; J.‐C. SIMON; L. MIEUZET; F. HALKETT; S. STOECKEL; M. PLANTEGENEST; C.‐A. DEDRYVER (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
In aphids, reproductive mode is generally assumed to be selected for by winter climate. Sexual lineages produce frost‐resistant eggs, conferring an advantage in regions with cold winters, while asexual lineages predominate in regions with mild winters. However, habitat and resource heterogeneities are known to exert a strong influence on sex maintenance and might modulate the effect of climate on aphid reproductive strategies. We carried out a hierarchical sampling in northern France to investigate whether reproductive mode variation of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi is driven by winter climate conditions, by habitat and resource heterogeneities represented by a range of host plants or by both factors. We confirmed the coexistence in R. padi populations of two genetic clusters associated with distinct reproductive strategies. Asexual lineages predominated, whatever the surveyed year and location. However, we detected a between‐year variation in the local contribution of both clusters, presumably associated with preceding winter severity. No evidence for host‐driven niche differentiation was found in the field on six Poaceae among sexual and asexual lineages. Two dominant multilocus genotypes (∼70% of the sample), having persisted over a 10‐year period, were equally abundant on different plant species and locations, indicating their large ecological tolerance. Our results fit theoretical predictions of the influence of winter climate on the balance between sexual and asexual lineages. They also highlight the importance of current agricultural practices which seem to favour a small number of asexual generalist genotypes and their migration across large areas of monotonous environments.

From captivity to the wild and back: An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale - M. Simon; M. B. Hanson; L. Murrey; J. Tougaard; F. Ugarte (Marine Mammal Science, 2009)

Autism Overflows with Syntheses - Matthew K. Belmonte; Yoram S. Bonneh; Yael Adini; Portia E. Iversen; Natacha A. Akshoomoff; Tal Kenet; Christopher I. Moore; Helen J. Simon; John F. Houde; Michael M. Merzenich (Neuropsychology Review, 2009)

The Effects of l-theanine on Alpha-Band Oscillatory Brain Activity During a Visuo-Spatial Attention Task - Manuel Gomez-Ramirez; Simon P. Kelly; Jennifer L. Montesi; John J. Foxe (Brain Topography, 2009)

Does size predict demographic fate? Modular demography and constraints on growth determine response to decreases in size - Simon P. Hart; Michael J. Keough (Ecology, 2009)
The modular construction of many plants and animals defies conventional approaches to the study of life histories and population dynamics. An important complication of modular construction is that individuals can rapidly decrease in size when some modules are removed or die or when an individual fragments. Most attempts to describe life histories and population dynamics of modular organisms classify individuals according to their size. This approach relies on the fundamental assumption that fragmentation and module loss have no consequences for an individual apart from a simple decrease in size. Here we experimentally test this assumption. Using a modular marine invertebrate, the encrusting bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata , as a model species, we manipulated colony size and then assessed performance against three potential explanatory models based on size, age, and damage. In a second experiment we disrupted the internal modular demography of colonies to determine whether the performance of a fragment is influenced by the type of modules that remain. Finally, we investigated how constraints on growth in modular organisms uniquely influence growth after module loss. We found that single‐state variables such as size or age do not describe performance in our species. Internal constraints substantially reduce growth after a decrease in size, and the age of modules that remain determines the timing of reproductive onset and fecundity. A knowledge of the size history of individuals, including any decreases in size, is necessary to accurately describe life histories and population dynamics in this modular organism. Our results have major consequences for established methods for modeling the demography of modular organisms.

Spatial arrangement affects population dynamics and competition independent of community composition - Simon P. Hart; Dustin J. Marshall (Ecology, 2009)
Theory suggests that the spatial context within which species interactions occur will have major implications for the outcome of competition and ultimately, coexistence, but empirical tests are rare. This is surprising given that individuals of species in real communities are typically distributed nonrandomly in space. Nonrandom spatial arrangement has the potential to modify the relative strength of intra‐ and interspecific competition by changing the ratio of conspecific to heterospecific competitive encounters, particularly among sessile species where interactions among individuals occur on local scales. Here we test the influence of aggregated and random spatial arrangements on population trajectories of competing species in benthic, marine, sessile‐invertebrate assemblages. We show that the spatial arrangement of competing species in simple assemblages has a strong effect on species performance: when conspecifics are aggregated, strong competitors perform poorly and weaker competitors perform better. The effect of specific spatial arrangements depends on species identity but is also strongly context dependent. When there are large differences in species competitive ability, aggregated spatial arrangements can slow competitive exclusion, and so nonrandom spatial arrangement can work synergistically with other trade‐off based mechanisms to facilitate coexistence.

Genetic control of wheat quality: interactions between chromosomal regions determining protein content and composition, dough rheology, and sponge and dough baking properties - Gulay Mann; Simon Diffey; Brian Cullis; Fermin Azanza; David Martin; Alison Kelly; Lynne McIntyre; Adele Schmidt; Wujun Ma; Zena Nath; Ibrahim Kutty; P. Emmett Leyne; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

Cardiac slowing and acute tryptophan depletion: a comment on the paper by van der Veen et al. - Sean D. Hood; Simon J. C. Davies; David J. Nutt (Psychopharmacology, 2009)

Composition and significance of picophytoplankton in Antarctic waters - Simon W. Wright; Akira Ishikawa; Harvey J. Marchant; Andrew T. Davidson; Rick L. van den Enden; Geraldine V. Nash (Polar Biology, 2009)

An Investigation into the Rheology of Pharmaceutical Inter-granular Material Bridges at High Shear Rates - Barry Crean; Xinyong Chen; Simon R. Banks; Walter G. Cook; Colin D. Melia; Clive J. Roberts (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Why do parasitized hosts look different? Resolving the “chicken-egg” dilemma - Simon Blanchet; Lionel Méjean; Jean-François Bourque; Sovan Lek; Frédéric Thomas; David J. Marcogliese; Julian J. Dodson; Géraldine Loot (Oecologia, 2009)

Relationship of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages to environmental factors: implications for community concordance - Dana M. Infante; J. David Allan; Simon Linke; Richard H. Norris (Hydrobiologia, 2009)

Visuomotor control of step descent: evidence of specialised role of the lower visual field - Matthew A. Timmis; Simon J. Bennett; John G. Buckley (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)

Recent hybrid origin and invasion of the British Isles by a self-incompatible species, Oxford ragwort (Senecio squalidus L., Asteraceae) - Richard J. Abbott; Adrian C. Brennan; Juliet K. James; David G. Forbes; Matthew J. Hegarty; Simon J. Hiscock (Biological Invasions, 2009)

Sex-specific differences in the synaptonemal complex in the genus Oreochromis (Cichlidae) - Rafael Campos-Ramos; Simon C. Harvey; David J. Penman (Genetica, 2009)

The role of binocular vision in grasping: a small stimulus-set distorts results - Bruce D. Keefe; Simon J. Watt (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)

Large scale purification protocol for carnocin KZ 213 from Carnobacterium piscicola - C. Saint-Hubert; A. Durieux; E. Bodo; J.-P. Simon (Biotechnology Letters, 2009)

A comparison between CLNA and CLA effects on body fat, serum parameters and liver composition - J. Miranda; A. Fernández-Quintela; M. T. Macarulla; I. Churruca; C. García; V. M. Rodríguez; E. Simon; M. P. Portillo (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009)

Genetic effects in the leukotriene biosynthesis pathway and association with atherosclerosis - David R. Crosslin; Svati H. Shah; Sarah C. Nelson; Carol S. Haynes; Jessica J. Connelly; Shera Gadson; Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont; Jeffery M. Vance; Jason Rose; Chris B. Granger; David Seo; Simon G. Gregory; et al. (Human Genetics, 2009)

Seasonal decline in reproductive performance varies with colony size in the fairy martin, Petrochelidon ariel - Michael J. L. Magrath; Peter Santema; Karen M. Bouwman; Dušan M. Brinkhuizen; Simon C. Griffith; Naomi E. Langmore (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2009)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) Production by Cells in the Osteoblast Lineage is Regulated by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Cultures Grown on Calcium Phosphate Substrates - Zvi Schwartz; Maya Fisher; Christoph H. Lohmann; Bruce J. Simon; Barbara D. Boyan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2009)

Feed intake and its relation to foregut capacity in juvenile spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii - Cedric J. Simon (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2009)
Limited food consumption has been identified as a possible reason for the poor growth in spiny lobsters raised on dry formulated diets. Food intake was determined for different sized juveniles (20–80 g) of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii , fed either fresh mussel flesh or a dry formulated diet for 0.5–5.0 h every 48 h. In addition, the foregut capacities of lobsters of various sizes were measured to relate food intake to foregut fullness. Food intake was relatively rapid on both diets (1 h) and reached mean dry matter threshold values (mean satiation rations) that were related to foregut capacity. Foregut capacity increased linearly with body weight (BW; 10–110 g) and restricted dry matter intake of lobsters to an average of 0.8–1.2% BW regardless of diet. Both wet and dry diets, when fed in equal amount of dry matter, were found to have similar wet weights in the foregut after ingestion. Allowing lobsters more time to feed (2 to 5 h) had no significant effect on mean dry matter intake because the foregut filled to maximum capacity within 1 h. The results suggest that /. edwardsii juveniles have a small foregut capacity (2.5–3% BW) that limits food intake when diets are fed every 48 h. There appears to be no advantage in dry matter intake by providing the nutrient‐dense dry formulated diet of this study compared with mussel flesh. Formulated diets would need to be fed more frequently and be highly digestible if they are to deliver sufficient nutrition to maximise growth for commercial aquaculture.

Extreme changes to gene expression associated with homoploid hybrid speciation - MATTHEW J. HEGARTY; GARY L. BARKER; ADRIAN C. BRENNAN; KEITH J. EDWARDS; RICHARD J. ABBOTT; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Hybridization is an important cause of abrupt speciation. Hybrid speciation without a change in ploidy (homoploid hybrid speciation) is well‐established in plants but has also been reported in animals and fungi. A notable example of recent homoploid hybrid speciation is Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort), which originated in the UK in the 18th Century following introduction of hybrid material from a hybrid zone between S. chrysanthemifolius and S. aethnensis on Mount Etna, Sicily. To investigate genetic divergence between these taxa, we used complementary DNA microarrays to compare patterns of floral gene expression. These analyses revealed major differences in gene expression between the parent species and wild and resynthesized S. squalidus . Comparisons of gene expression between S. aethnensis , S. chrysanthemifolius and natural S. squalidus identified genes potentially involved in local environmental adaptation. The analysis also revealed non‐additive patterns of gene expression in the hybrid relative to its progenitors. These expression changes were more dramatic and widespread in resynthesized hybrids than in natural S. squalidus , suggesting that a unique expression pattern may have been fixed during the allopatric divergence of British S. squalidus . We speculate that hybridization‐induced gene‐expression change may provide an immediate source of novel phenotypic variation upon which selection can act to facilitate homoploid hybrid speciation in plants.

A Neisseria meningitidis NMB1966 mutant is impaired for invasion of respiratory epithelial cells, survival in human blood and for virulence in vivo - Ming-Shi Li; Noel Y. S. Chow; Sunita Sinha; Denise Halliwell; Michelle Finney; Andrew R. Gorringe; Mark W. Watson; J. Simon Kroll; Paul R. Langford; Steven A. R. Webb (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2009)

Spin distribution of the H-cluster in the Hox–CO state of the [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans: HYSCORE and ENDOR study of 14N and 13C nuclear interactions - Alexey Silakov; Brian Wenk; Eduard Reijerse; Simon P. J. Albracht; Wolfgang Lubitz (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2009)

Elevated expression of Runx2 as a key parameter in the etiology of osteosarcoma - Saminathan S. Nathan; Barry P. Pereira; Ye-fang Zhou; Anurag Gupta; Christian Dombrowski; Ritchie Soong; Robert W. H. Pho; Gary S. Stein; Manuel Salto-Tellez; Simon M. Cool; Andre J. van Wijnen (Molecular Biology Reports, 2009)

Diversity in Current Ecological Thinking: Implications for Environmental Management - Susan A. Moore; Tabatha J. Wallington; Richard J. Hobbs; Paul R. Ehrlich; C. S. Holling; Simon Levin; David Lindenmayer; Claudia Pahl-Wostl; Hugh Possingham; Monica G. Turner; Mark Westoby (Environmental Management, 2009)

Growth and mortality of European glass eel Anguilla anguilla marked with oxytetracycline and alizarin red - J. Simon; H. Dörner; C. Richter (Journal of Fish Biology, 2009)
The growth and mortality of European glass eel Anguilla anguilla 192 days after marking with oxytetracycline and alizarin red S were not significantly different between the two treatments and not different to the unmarked A. anguilla .

Failure of the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae and the predatory mite Neoseiulus idaeus to control a population of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa - Simon L. Elliot; Gilberto J. de Moraes; John D. Mumford (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2008)

Effects of Methyl Jasmonate and an Endophytic Fungus on Plant Resistance to Insect Herbivores - Lacy Simons; Thomas L. Bultman; T. J. Sullivan (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2008)

Quantification of Extinction Risk: IUCN's System for Classifying Threatened Species - GEORGINA M. MACE; NIGEL J. COLLAR; KEVIN J. GASTON; CRAIG HILTON‐TAYLOR; H. RESIT AKÇAKAYA; NIGEL LEADER‐WILLIAMS; E.J. MILNER‐GULLAND; SIMON N. STUART (Conservation Biology, 2008)
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species was increasingly used during the 1980s to assess the conservation status of species for policy and planning purposes. This use stimulated the development of a new set of quantitative criteria for listing species in the categories of threat: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. These criteria, which were intended to be applicable to all species except microorganisms, were part of a broader system for classifying threatened species and were fully implemented by IUCN in 2000. The system and the criteria have been widely used by conservation practitioners and scientists and now underpin one indicator being used to assess the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 biodiversity target. We describe the process and the technical background to the IUCN Red List system. The criteria refer to fundamental biological processes underlying population decline and extinction. But given major differences between species, the threatening processes affecting them, and the paucity of knowledge relating to most species, the IUCN system had to be both broad and flexible to be applicable to the majority of described species. The system was designed to measure the symptoms of extinction risk, and uses 5 independent criteria relating to aspects of population loss and decline of range size. A species is assigned to a threat category if it meets the quantitative threshold for at least one criterion. The criteria and the accompanying rules and guidelines used by IUCN are intended to increase the consistency, transparency, and validity of its categorization system, but it necessitates some compromises that affect the applicability of the system and the species lists that result. In particular, choices were made over the assessment of uncertainty, poorly known species, depleted species, population decline, restricted ranges, and rarity; all of these affect the way red lists should be viewed and used. Processes related to priority setting and the development of national red lists need to take account of some assumptions in the formulation of the criteria.

Mapping of genetic loci that regulate quantity of beta-carotene in fruit of US Western Shipping melon (Cucumis melo L.) - H. E. Cuevas; J. E. Staub; P. W. Simon; J. E. Zalapa; J. D. McCreight (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008)

Host range expansion of an introduced insect pest through multiple colonizations of specialized clones - J. PECCOUD; C. C. FIGUEROA; A. X. SILVA; C. C. RAMIREZ; L. MIEUZET; J. BONHOMME; S. STOECKEL; M. PLANTEGENEST; J.‐C. SIMON (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Asexuality confers demographic advantages to invasive taxa, but generally limits adaptive potential for colonizing of new habitats. Therefore, pre‐existing adaptations and habitat tolerance are essential in the success of asexual invaders. We investigated these key factors of invasiveness by assessing reproductive modes and host‐plant adaptations in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , a pest recently introduced into Chile. The pea aphid encompasses lineages differing in their reproductive mode, ranging from obligatory cyclical parthenogenesis to fully asexual reproduction. This species also shows variation in host use, with distinct biotypes specialized on different species of legumes as well as more polyphagous populations. In central Chile, microsatellite genotyping of pea aphids sampled on five crops and wild legumes revealed three main clonal genotypes, which showed striking associations with particular host plants rather than sampling locations. Phenotypic analyses confirmed their strong host specialization and demonstrated parthenogenesis as their sole reproductive mode. The genetic relatedness of these clonal genotypes with corresponding host‐specialized populations from the Old World indicated that each clone descended from a particular Eurasian biotype, which involved at least three successful introduction events followed by spread on different crops. This study illustrates that multiple introductions of highly specialized clones, rather than local evolution in resource use and/or selection of generalist genotypes, can explain the demographic success of a strictly asexual invader.

Genetic structuring of important medicinal species of genus Warburgia as revealed by AFLP analysis - A. Muchugi; G. M. Muluvi; R. Kindt; C. A. C. Kadu; A. J. Simons; R. H. Jamnadass (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2008)

Mortalities caused by off-road vehicles (ORVs) to a key member of sandy beach assemblages, the surf clam Donax deltoides - Thomas A. Schlacher; Luke M. C. Thompson; Simon J. Walker (Hydrobiologia, 2008)

Major Sex Pheromone Components of the Australian Gum Leaf Skeletonizer Uraba lugens: (10E,12Z)-Hexadecadien-1-yl Acetate and (10E,12Z)-Hexadecadien-1-ol - Andrew R. Gibb; David M. Suckling; Simon Fielder; Barry Bunn; Lisa E. Jamieson; Michelle L. Larsen; Gimme H. Walter; Darren J. Kriticos (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2008)

The spatial organisation of time-averaged streamwise velocity and its correlation with the surface topography of water-worked gravel beds - James R. Cooper; Simon J. Tait (Acta Geophysica, 2008)

Electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of the copper-resistance protein PcoC from Escherichia coli - Simon C. Drew; Karrera Y. Djoko; Lianyi Zhang; Melissa Koay; John F. Boas; John R. Pilbrow; Zhiguang Xiao; Kevin J. Barnham; Anthony G. Wedd (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2008)

Temporal and spatial variability in the phytoplankton community of Myall Lakes, Australia, and influences of salinity - Natasha J. Ryan; Simon M. Mitrovic; Lee C. Bowling (Hydrobiologia, 2008)

Reply to comment on “Deep groundwater flow and geochemical processes in limestone aquifers: evidence from thermal waters in Derbyshire, England, UK” by John Gunn, Simon H Bottrell, David J Lowe, Stephen R H Worthington. Hydrogeology Journal (2006), 14 (6), 868–881 - John Gunn; Simon H. Bottrell; David J. Lowe; Stephen R. H. Worthington (Hydrogeology Journal, 2008)

Ti-in-zircon thermometry: applications and limitations - Bin Fu; F. Zeb Page; Aaron J. Cavosie; John Fournelle; Noriko T. Kita; Jade Star Lackey; Simon A. Wilde; John W. Valley (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)

Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling partial clubroot resistance in new mapping populations of Arabidopsis thaliana - Mélanie Jubault; Christine Lariagon; Matthieu Simon; Régine Delourme; Maria J. Manzanares-Dauleux (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008)

Expressing a gene encoding wheat oxalate oxidase enhances resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) - Xiangbai Dong; Ruiqin Ji; Xuelan Guo; Simon J. Foster; Hong Chen; Caihua Dong; Yueying Liu; Qiong Hu; Shengyi Liu (Planta, 2008)

Mantle dynamics and mantle melting beneath Niuafo’ou Island and the northern Lau back-arc basin - Marcel Regelous; Simon Turner; Trevor J. Falloon; Paul Taylor; John Gamble; Trevor Green (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)

Polyclonal cytomegalovirus-specific antibodies not only prevent virus dissemination from the portal of entry but also inhibit focal virus spread within target tissues - Nikolaus Wirtz; Sina I. Schader; Rafaela Holtappels; Christian O. Simon; Niels A. W. Lemmermann; Matthias J. Reddehase; Jürgen Podlech (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2008)

Farmers’ perceptions about exotic multipurpose fodder trees and constraints to their adoption - Abebe Mekoya; Simon J. Oosting; Salvador Fernandez-Rivera; Akke J. Van der Zijpp (Agroforestry Systems, 2008)

Gene flow between sexual and facultatively asexual lineages of an aphid species and the maintenance of reproductive mode variation - F. HALKETT; M. PLANTEGENEST; J. BONHOMME; J.‐C. SIMON (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Many organisms considered as strictly clonal may in fact experience some rare events of sexual reproduction with their sexual relatives. However, the rate of sexual–asexual gene flow has rarely been assessed mainly because its evaluation is difficult to achieve in the field. In the cyclically parthenogenetic aphid Rhopalosiphum padi , two main sets of lineages, differing in their investment in sexual reproduction and in their genetic attributes, co‐exist even at a very fine scale: the ‘sexual’ lineages which have a full commitment to the sexual reproduction, and the ‘facultatively asexual’ lineages, which allocate investment in the sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. This system offers a unique opportunity to tackle the genetic interactions between two contrasting reproductive modes. Here, we provide evidence that gene flow occurred between sexual and facultatively asexual lineages of R. padi. We carefully examined the shuffling in phenotypic and genotypic variation following a sexual reproduction event that took place in the field. Combining genotypic data and phenotypic measurements showed that this gene mixing led to the production of a wide array of reproductive modes, including strictly asexual lineages. Finally, we discuss the central role played by facultatively asexual lineages on the maintenance of reproductive mode variation.

Quetiapine augmentation of paroxetine CR for the treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings - Naomi M. Simon; Kathryn M. Connor; Richard T. LeBeau; Elizabeth A. Hoge; John J. Worthington; Wei Zhang; Jonathan R. T. Davidson; Mark H. Pollack (Psychopharmacology, 2008)

A Tertiary Amino-Containing Polymethacrylate Polymer Protects Mucus-Covered Intestinal Epithelial Monolayers Against Pathogenic Challenge - Simon Keely; Lee-Anne B. Rawlinson; David M. Haddleton; David J. Brayden (Pharmaceutical Research, 2008)

A new mechanism of dominance in hypophosphatasia: the mutated protein can disturb the cell localization of the wild-type protein - A. S. Lia-Baldini; I. Brun-Heath; C. Carrion; B. Simon-Bouy; J. L. Serre; M. E. Nunes; E. Mornet (Human Genetics, 2008)

Hydrodynamic Shear Rate Regulates Melanoma-Leukocyte Aggregation, Melanoma Adhesion to the Endothelium, and Subsequent Extravasation - Shile Liang; Margaret J. Slattery; Desiree Wagner; Scott I. Simon; Cheng Dong (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2008)

Small‐scale spatial genetic structure in the Central African rainforest tree species Aucoumea klaineana : a stepwise approach to infer the impact of limited gene dispersal, population history and habitat fragmentation - CÉLINE BORN; OLIVIER J. HARDY; MARIE‐HÉLÈNE CHEVALLIER; SIMON OSSARI; CHRISTIANE ATTÉKÉ; E. JEAN WICKINGS; MARTINE HOSSAERT‐MCKEY (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Under the isolation‐by‐distance model, the strength of spatial genetic structure (SGS) depends on seed and pollen dispersal and genetic drift, which in turn depends on local demographic structure. SGS can also be influenced by historical events such as admixture of differentiated gene pools. We analysed the fine‐scale SGS in six populations of a pioneer tree species endemic to Central Africa, Aucoumea klaineana . To infer the impacts of limited gene dispersal, population history and habitat fragmentation on isolation by distance, we followed a stepwise approach consisting of a Bayesian clustering method to detect differentiated gene pools followed by the analysis of kinship‐distance curves. Interestingly, despite considerable variation in density, the five populations situated under continuous forest cover displayed very similar extent of SGS. This is likely due to an increase in dispersal distance with decreased tree density. Admixture between two gene pools was detected in one of these five populations creating a distinctive pattern of SGS. In the last population sampled in open habitat, the genetic diversity was in the same range as in the other populations despite a recent habitat fragmentation. This result may due to the increase of gene dispersal compensating the effect of the disturbance as suggested by the reduced extent of SGS estimated in this population. Thus, in A. klaineana , the balance between drift and dispersal may facilitate the maintenance of genetic diversity. Finally, from the strength of the SGS and population density, an indirect estimate of gene dispersal distances was obtained for one site: the quadratic mean parent–offspring distance, σ g , ranged between 210 m and 570 m.

Integration of Mouse Phenome Data Resources - John M. Hancock; Niels C. Adams; Vassilis Aidinis; Andrew Blake; Judith A. Blake; Molly Bogue; Steve D. M. Brown; Elissa J. Chesler; Duncan Davidson; Christopher Duran; Janan T. Eppig; Valérie Gailus-Durner; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2008)

QTL analyses of lineage-negative mouse bone marrow cells labeled with Sca-1 and c-Kit - Mays Jawad; Clare Cole; Abigail Zanker; George Giotopoulos; Simon Fitch; Christopher J. Talbot; Mark Plumb (Mammalian Genome, 2008)

Reduced physical activity and risk of chronic disease: the biology behind the consequences - Frank W. Booth; Matthew J. Laye; Simon J. Lees; R. Scott Rector; John P. Thyfault (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008)

Predicting the effect of climate change on wildfire behavior and initial attack success - Jeremy S. Fried; J. Keith Gilless; William J. Riley; Tadashi J. Moody; Clara Simon de Blas; Katharine Hayhoe; Max Moritz; Scott Stephens; Margaret Torn (Climatic Change, 2008)

Severe sepsis and Toll-like receptors - Hongmei Gao; Susannah K. Leaver; Anne Burke-Gaffney; Simon J. Finney (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2008)

Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: The MHC Haplotype Project - Roger Horton; Richard Gibson; Penny Coggill; Marcos Miretti; Richard J. Allcock; Jeff Almeida; Simon Forbes; James G. R. Gilbert; Karen Halls; Jennifer L. Harrow; Elizabeth Hart; Kevin Howe; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2008)

MicroCT Analysis of Symphyseal Ontogeny in Archaeolemur - Matthew J. Ravosa; Stuart R. Stock; Elwyn L. Simons; Ravinder Kunwar (International Journal of Primatology, 2007)

Asynchrony in larval development of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, on an introduced host plant may affect parasitoid efficacy - Barry J. Hicks; James N. Aegerter; Simon R. Leather; Allan D. Watt (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2007)

Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs: fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck - Simon J. Walker; Thomas A. Schlacher; Monika A. Schlacher‐Hoenlinger (Marine Ecology, 2007)
Artificial reefs are spatially complex habitats and serve as good model systems to study patterns of community succession and the response of epibiota to environmental clines over small spatial scales. Here, we quantified spatial heterogeneity in community composition and diversity of fouling communities across a number of environmental gradients that included water depth, surface orientation of habitats, exposure to currents, and shelter. Assemblage structure was quantified by spatially replicated photo transects on a recently scuttled large navy ship off the East Australian coast, lying in 27 m of water. A rich assemblage of epifauna had colonized the wreck within a year, dominated by barnacles, sponges and bryozoans. Community structure varied significantly over small spatial scales of meters to tens of meters. Depth, surface orientation and exposure were the major environmental drivers. Assemblages were substantially less diverse and abundant on the deepest (23 m near the seafloor) part of the hull with residual antifouling paint, on sheltered surfaces inside the wreck, and on the sediment‐laden horizontal surfaces. Overall, the wrecks’ habitat complexity corresponds with small‐scale heterogeneity in the fouling communities. This study supports the notion that wrecks enhance local diversity and biomass within the habitat mosaic of their location, and habitat complexity may be an important mechanism for this, as demonstrated by the large spatial variability in the assemblages documented here.

Fungal rDNA signatures in coronary atherosclerotic plaques - Stephan J. Ott; Nour Eddine El Mokhtari; Ateequr Rehman; Philip Rosenstiel; Stephan Hellmig; Tanja Kühbacher; Markus Lins; Rüdiger Simon; Stefan Schreiber (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary Bacterial DNA has been found in coronary plaques and it has therefore been concluded that bacteria may play a role as trigger factors in the chronic inflammatory process underlying coronary atherosclerosis. However, the microbial spectrum is complex and it is not known whether microorganisms other than bacteria are involved in coronary disease. Fungal 18S rDNA signatures were systematically investigated in atherosclerotic tissue obtained through catheter‐based atherectomy of 38 patients and controls (unaffected coronary arteries) using clone libraries, denaturating gradient gel analysis (DGGE), in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fungal DNA was found in 35 of 38 (92.11%) coronary heart disease patients by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers or in situ hybridization analysis ( n = 5), but not in any control sample. In a clone library with more than 350 sequenced clones from pooled patient DNA, an overall richness of 19 different fungal phylotypes could be observed. Fungal profiles of coronary heart disease patients obtained by DGGE analysis showed a median richness of fungal species of 5 (range from 2 to 9) with a high interindividual variability (mean similarity 18.83%). For the first time, the presence of fungal components in atherosclerotic plaques has been demonstrated. Coronary atheromatous plaques harbour diverse and variable fungal communities suggesting a polymicrobial contribution to the chronic inflammatory aetiology.

Visual guidance of landing behaviour when stepping down to a new level - John G. Buckley; Michael J. MacLellan; Mark W. Tucker; Andy J. Scally; Simon J. Bennett (Experimental Brain Research, 2007)

Distribution and redox speciation of dissolved iron on the European continental margin - Simon J. Ussher; Paul J. Worsfold; Eric P. Achterberg; Agathe Laës; StÉphane Blain; Patrick Laan; Hein J. W. de Baar (Limnology and Oceanography, 2007)
To investigate the biogeochemistry of iron in the waters of the European continental margin, we determined the dissolved iron distribution and redox speciation in filtered ( r 2 = 0.572 and 0.528, respectively, n = 92). Labile Fe(II) concentrations varied from −1 in North Atlantic surface waters to >200 pmol L −1 in the near bottom waters of the shelf break. Labile Fe(II) accounted for ~5% of the dissolved iron species in surface shelf waters (mean 5.0 ± 2.7%), whereas higher Fe(II) fractions (i.e., >8%) were observed near the sea bottom on the shelf break and during a midday solar maximum in surface waters in the vicinity of the Scheldt river plume. Benthic processes (resuspension and diagenesis) constituted important sources of Fe(II) and DFe in this region, and photoreduction of Fe(III) species in shelf waters caused enhanced labile Fe(II) concentrations. These processes increased the lability of iron and its potential availability to marine organisms in the shelf ecosystem.

Topography, independent component analysis and dipole source analysis of movement related potentials - Susan Pockett; Simon Whalen; Alexander V. H. McPhail; Walter J. Freeman (Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2007)

Piperacillin-tazobactam in pediatric cancer patients younger than 25 months: a retrospective multicenter survey - A. Simon; T. Lehrnbecher; U. Bode; A. H. Groll; L. Tramsen; R. Wieland; E. Molitor; G. Fleischhack; H. J. Laws (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2007)

PIP2-dependent inhibition of M-type (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channels: direct on-line assessment of PIP2 depletion by Gq-coupled receptors in single living neurons - Simon Hughes; Stephen J. Marsh; Andrew Tinker; David A. Brown (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2007)

Glycosaminoglycan and growth factor mediated murine calvarial cell proliferation - Kerry J. Manton; Larisa M. Haupt; Kumeri Vengadasalam; Victor Nurcombe; Simon M. Cool (Journal of Molecular Histology, 2007)

Identification of fish species by an egg identification key: an alternative to the incubation of eggs and rearing of larvae for species recognition - J. Simon (Journal of Fish Biology, 2007)
Comparison of the results of two methods for species recognition, an egg identification key and rearing of larvae, showed only small qualitative differences in the identification of fish species present in a stretch of the River Elbe, Germany. Both the identification key and rearing methods complement each other as methods of identification, and the selection of which method to be used should depend primarily on the aim of the investigation.

Consumption, Investment, and Future Well‐Being: Reply to Daly et al. - KENNETH J. ARROW; GRETCHEN DAILY; PARTHA DASGUPTA; PAUL EHRLICH; LAWRENCE GOULDER; GEOFFREY HEAL; SIMON LEVIN; KARL‐GÖRAN MÄLER; STEPHEN SCHNEIDER; DAVID STARRETT; BRIAN WALKER (Conservation Biology, 2007)

Lag Effects in the Impacts of Mass Coral Bleaching on Coral Reef Fish, Fisheries, and Ecosystems - NICHOLAS A. J. GRAHAM; SHAUN K. WILSON; SIMON JENNINGS; NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN; JAN ROBINSON; JUDE P. BIJOUX; TIM M. DAW (Conservation Biology, 2007)
Recent episodes of coral bleaching have led to wide‐scale loss of reef corals and raised concerns over the effectiveness of existing conservation and management efforts. The 1998 bleaching event was most severe in the western Indian Ocean, where coral declined by up to 90% in some locations. Using fisheries‐independent data, we assessed the long‐term impacts of this event on fishery target species in the Seychelles, the overall size structure of the fish assemblage, and the effectiveness of two marine protected areas (MPAs) in protecting fish communities. The biomass of fished species above the size retained in fish traps changed little between 1994 and 2005, indicating no current effect on fishery yields. Biomass remained higher in MPAs, indicating they were effective in protecting fish stocks. Nevertheless, the size structure of the fish communities, as described with size‐spectra analysis, changed in both fished areas and MPAs, with a decline in smaller fish ( 45 cm). We believe this represents a time‐lag response to a reduction in reef structural complexity brought about because fishes are being lost through natural mortality and fishing, and are not being replaced by juveniles. This effect is expected to be greater in terms of fisheries productivity and, because congruent patterns are observed for herbivores, suggests that MPAs do not offer coral reefs long‐term resilience to bleaching events. Corallivores and planktivores declined strikingly in abundance, particularly in MPAs, and this decline was associated with a similar pattern of decline in their preferred corals. We suggest that climate‐mediated disturbances, such as coral bleaching, be at the fore of conservation planning for coral reefs.

Combining DNA and morphological analyses of faecal samples improves insight into trophic interactions: a case study using a generalist predator - Ruth M. Casper; Simon N. Jarman; Nicholas J. Gales; Mark A. Hindell (Marine Biology, 2007)

A comparison of the leaf shredding ability and influence on microbial films of surface and cave forms of Gammarus minus Say - Jennifer Kinsey; Timothy J. Cooney; Kevin S. Simon (Hydrobiologia, 2007)

Diagnosis and management of small‐scale fisheries in developing countries - Neil L Andrew; Christophe Béné; Stephen J Hall; Edward H Allison; Simon Heck; Blake D Ratner (Fish and Fisheries, 2007)
Small‐scale fisheries (SSF) make important but undervalued contributions to the economies of some of the world’s poorest countries. They also provide much of the animal protein needed by societies in which food security remains a pressing issue. Assessment and management of these fisheries is usually inadequate or absent and they continue to fall short of their potential as engines for development and social change. In this study, we bring together existing theory and methods to suggest a general scheme for diagnosing and managing SSF. This approach can be adapted to accommodate the diversity of these fisheries in the developing world. Many threats and solutions to the problems that beset SSF come from outside the domain of the fishery. Significant improvements in prospects for fisheries will require major changes in societal priorities and values, with consequent improvements in policy and governance. Changes in development policy and science reflect these imperatives but there remains a need for intra‐sectoral management that builds resilience and reduces vulnerability to those forces beyond the influence of small‐scale fishers.

Molecular phylogeny of Juglans (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective - Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya; Daniel Potter; Fangyou Gao; Charles J. Simon (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2007)

Lower reproductive success in hybrid fur seal males indicates fitness costs to hybridization - MELANIE L. LANCASTER; COREY J. A. BRADSHAW; SIMON D. GOLDSWORTHY; PAUL SUNNUCKS (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
Hybridization among organisms can potentially contribute to the processes of evolution, but this depends on the fitness of hybrids relative to parental species. A small, recently formed population of fur seals on subantarctic Macquarie Island contains a high proportion of hybrids (17–30%) derived from combinations of three parental species: Antarctic, subantarctic and New Zealand fur seals. Mitochondrial control‐region data (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and nine microsatellites were used to determine the species composition of breeding adults, and hybrid male fitness was measured by comparing reproductive success (number of genetically inferred paternities) of hybrid and pure‐species territory males over 6 years. No correlations were found between male reproductive success and three genetic measures of outbreeding, but this may be due to a relatively small number of dominant males analysed. Territory males fathered 63% of pups, but hybrid males had lower reproductive success than pure‐species males despite having the same ability to hold territories. A greater proportion of females in hybrid male territories conceived extra‐territorially than those in territories of pure‐species males, and most (70 of 82) mated with conspecifics. This suggests the presence of reproductive isolating mechanisms that promote positive assortative mating and reduce the production of hybrid offspring. Although we found no evidence for male sterility in the population, mechanisms that reduce lifetime reproductive success may act to decrease the frequency of hybrids. Our study has identified a disadvantage of hybridization — reduced reproductive success of hybrid sons — that may be contributing to the persistence of pure lineages at Macquarie Island and the temporal decline in hybridization observed there.

Hypoxia tolerance associated with activity reduction is a key adaptation for Laternula elliptica seasonal energetics - Simon A. Morley; Lloyd S. Peck; Andrew J. Miller; Hans O. Pörtner (Oecologia, 2007)

Modulation of neural response to happy and sad faces by acute tryptophan depletion - Paolo Fusar-Poli; Paul Allen; Francis Lee; Simon Surguladze; Nigel Tunstall; Cynthia H. Y. Fu; Michael J. Brammer; Anthony J. Cleare; Philip K. McGuire (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene - Robert D. Ward; Shannon W. Davis; MinChul Cho; Constance Esposito; Robert H. Lyons; Jan-Fang Cheng; Edward M. Rubin; Simon J. Rhodes; Lori T. Raetzman; Timothy P. L. Smith; Sally A. Camper (Mammalian Genome, 2007)

Airflow limitation among workers in a labour-intensive coal mine in Tanzania - Simon H. D. Mamuya; Magne Bråtveit; Yohana J. S. Mashalla; Bente E. Moen (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2007)

Meiotic recombination in Caenorhabditis elegans - Tatiana Garcia-Muse; Simon J. Boulton (Chromosome Research, 2007)

Medial prefrontal cortex infusion of α-flupenthixol attenuates systemic d-amphetamine-induced disruption of conditional discrimination performance in rats - Michael J. Dunn; Simon Killcross (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Phase-reversed seabed reflections in seismic data: examples related to mud volcanoes from the South Caspian Sea - Robert J. Evans; Simon A. Stewart; Richard J. Davies (Geo-Marine Letters, 2007)

Introduction - Simon J. Thirgood; Simon A.R. Mduma; Julius D. Keyyu; M. Karen Laurenson (Conservation Biology, 2007)

Long‐Term Ecosystem Dynamics in the Serengeti: Lessons for Conservation - A.R.E. SINCLAIR; SIMON A.R. MDUMA; J. GRANT C. HOPCRAFT; JOHN M. FRYXELL; RAY HILBORN; SIMON THIRGOOD (Conservation Biology, 2007)
Data from long‐term ecological studies further understanding of ecosystem dynamics and can guide evidence‐based management. In a quasi‐natural experiment we examined long‐term monitoring data on different components of the Serengeti‐Mara Ecosystem to trace the effects of disturbances and thus to elucidate cause‐and‐effect connections between them. The long‐term data illustrated the role of food limitation in population regulation in mammals, particularly in migratory wildebeest and nonmigratory buffalo. Predation limited populations of smaller resident ungulates and small carnivores. Abiotic events, such as droughts and floods, created disturbances that affected survivorship of ungulates and birds. Such disturbances showed feedbacks between biotic and abiotic realms. Interactions between elephants and their food allowed savanna and grassland communities to co‐occur. With increased woodland vegetation, predators' capture of prey increased. Anthropogenic disturbances had direct (hunting) and indirect (transfer of disease to wildlife) effects. Slow and rapid changes and multiple ecosystem states became apparent only over several decades and involved events at different spatial scales. Conservation efforts should accommodate both infrequent and unpredictable events and long‐term trends. Management should plan on the time scale of those events and should not aim to maintain the status quo. Systems can be self‐regulating through food availability and predator‐prey interactions; thus, culling may not be required. Ecosystems can occur in multiple states; thus, there may be no a priori need to maintain one natural state. Finally, conservation efforts outside protected areas must distinguish between natural change and direct human‐induced change. Protected areas can act as ecological baselines in which human‐induced change is kept to a minimum

Olfactory cues, genetic relatedness and female mate choice in the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis) - Marissa L. Parrott; Simon J. Ward; Peter D. Temple-Smith (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2007)

Summer drought alters plant‐mediated competition between foliar‐ and root‐feeding insects - JOANNA T. STALEY; SIMON R. MORTIMER; MICHAEL D. MORECROFT; VALERIE K. BROWN; GREGORY J. MASTERS (Global Change Biology, 2007)
Summer droughts are predicted to increase in severity and frequency in the United Kingdom, due to climate change. Few studies have addressed the impacts of drought on interactions between species, and the majority have focussed on increases in CO 2 concentration and changes in temperature. Here, the effect of experimental summer drought on the strength of the plant‐mediated interaction between leaf‐mining Stephensia brunnichella larvae and root‐chewing Agriotes larvae was investigated. Agriotes larvae reduced the abundance and performance of S. brunnichella feeding on a mutual host plant, Clinopodium vulgare , as well as the rate of parasitism of the leaf‐miner. The interaction did not, however, occur on plants subjected to a severe drought treatment, which were reduced in size. Changes to summer rainfall, due to climate change, may therefore reduce the occurrence of plant‐mediated interactions between insect herbivores.

First-year growth response of cold-stored, nursery-grown aspen planting stock - Lee A. Martens; Simon M. Landhäusser; Victor J. Lieffers (New Forests, 2007)

Production, formulation and antagonistic activity of the biocontrol like-yeast Aureobasidium pullulans against Penicillium expansum - R. Mounir; A. Durieux; E. Bodo; C. Allard; J.-P. Simon; E.-H. Achbani; S. El-Jaafari; A. Douira; M.-H. Jijakli (Biotechnology Letters, 2007)

Functional effects of the DCM mutant Gly159Asp Troponin C in skinned muscle fibres - Laura C. Preston; Simon Lipscomb; Paul Robinson; Jens Mogensen; William J. McKenna; Hugh Watkins; Chris C. Ashley; Charles S. Redwood (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2007)

Analysis of extended HLA haplotypes in multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy families confirms a predisposing effect for the class I region in Tasmanian MS patients - Justin P. Rubio; Melanie Bahlo; Jim Stankovich; Rachel K. Burfoot; Laura J. Johnson; Stewart Huxtable; Helmut Butzkueven; Ling Lin; Bruce V. Taylor; Terence P. Speed; Trevor J. Kilpatrick; Emmanuel Mignot; et al. (Immunogenetics, 2007)

Carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (Daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genome mapping - B. J. Just; C. A. F. Santos; M. E. N. Fonseca; L. S. Boiteux; B. B. Oloizia; P. W. Simon (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2007)

Characterization of a cyanobacterial-like uptake [NiFe] hydrogenase: EPR and FTIR spectroscopic studies of the enzyme from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans - Olga Schröder; Boris Bleijlevens; Thyra E. de Jongh; Zhujun Chen; Tianshu Li; Jörg Fischer; Jochen Förster; Cornelius G. Friedrich; Kimberly A. Bagley; Simon P. J. Albracht; Wolfgang Lubitz (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2007)

Clozapine, SCH 23390 and α-flupenthixol but not haloperidol attenuate acute phencyclidine-induced disruption of conditional discrimination performance - Michael J. Dunn; Simon Killcross (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Ceratocystis atrox sp. nov. associated with Phoracantha acanthocera infestations on Eucalyptus grandis in Australia - Marelize van Wyk; Geoff Pegg; Simon Lawson; Michael J. Wingfield (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2007)

Molecular phylogeny of fig wasp pollinators (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera) of Ficus section Galoglychia - J. Christoff Erasmus; Simon Van Noort; Emmanuelle Jousselin; Jaco M. Greeff (Zoologica Scripta, 2007)
The obligate mutualism between fig trees and their fig wasp pollinators, together with the general tendency for each host species to be pollinated by one fig wasp species, led to the hypothesis that these two lineages have cospeciated. The pollinators of African figs of section Galoglychia form a diverse group of genera whose species seem to be less constrained to a specific host than other pollinating fig wasp genera. Various authors have suggested remarkably different phylogenetic relationships between the seven genera associated with section Galoglychia . These uncertainties concerning the classification make it difficult to understand the historical patterns of association between these wasps and their hosts. The phylogenetic tree for the pollinators was reconstructed with 28S, COI and ITS2 DNA sequence data and compared with morphological classification of the hosts. Pollinator genera were monophyletic in all analyses. However, the relative position of some genera remains unresolved. Investigation of host−fig association suggests that there have been frequent host jumps between host subsections. This indicates that cospeciation between fig trees and fig wasps is not as stringent as previously assumed. In addition, pollinators of the genus Alfonsiella associated with three host figs ( Ficus craterostoma , F. stuhlmannii and F. petersii ) are morphologically very similar in South Africa. We investigated the possibility that these pollinators form a complex of species with host‐based genetic differentiation. Molecular analyses supported the distinction of the pollinator of F. craterostoma as a good species, but the pollinators of F. stuhlmannii and F. petersii clustered within the same clade, suggesting that these two host species share a single pollinator, Alfonsiella binghami . Based on both molecular data and morphological re‐evaluation, a new Alfonsiella species is described, Alfonsiella pipithiensis sp. nov., which is the pollinator of F. craterostoma in southern Africa. A key to both females and males of all described species of Alfonsiella is provided.

The genetic effective and adult census size of an Australian population of tiger prawns ( Penaeus esculentus ) - JENNIFER R. OVENDEN; DAVID PEEL; RAEWYN STREET; ANTHONY J. COURTNEY; SIMON D. HOYLE; SAMANTHA L. PEEL; HEATHER PODLICH (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
This study compares estimates of the census size of the spawning population with genetic estimates of effective current and long‐term population size for an abundant and commercially important marine invertebrate, the brown tiger prawn ( Penaeus esculentus ). Our aim was to focus on the relationship between genetic effective and census size that may provide a source of information for viability analyses of naturally occurring populations. Samples were taken in 2001, 2002 and 2003 from a population on the east coast of Australia and temporal allelic variation was measured at eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. Moments‐based and maximum‐likelihood estimates of current genetic effective population size ranged from 797 to 1304. The mean long‐term genetic effective population size was 9968. Although small for a large population, the effective population size estimates were above the threshold where genetic diversity is lost at neutral alleles through drift or inbreeding. Simulation studies correctly predicted that under these experimental conditions the genetic estimates would have non‐infinite upper confidence limits and revealed they might be overestimates of the true size. We also show that estimates of mortality and variance in family size may be derived from data on average fecundity, current genetic effective and census spawning population size, assuming effective population size is equivalent to the number of breeders. This work confirms that it is feasible to obtain accurate estimates of current genetic effective population size for abundant Type III species using existing genetic marker technology.

A BIOPSY POLE SYSTEM FOR BOW‐RIDING DOLPHINS: SAMPLING SUCCESS, BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, AND TEST FOR SAMPLING BIAS - Kerstin Bilgmann; Owen J. Griffiths; Simon J. Allen; Luciana M. Möller (Marine Mammal Science, 2007)

Evaluation of marking European silver eels with visible implant elastomer tags and alcian blue - J. Simon (Journal of Fish Biology, 2007)
After 183 days, the retention of the visible implant elastomer marks implanted on the belly and along the basis of the ventral fin margin of the European silver eel Anguilla anguilla was 100%. The retention of the alcian blue spots on the belly was 84% after 1 day, but decreased to 68% by the end of the experiment (after 183 days). Marking‐induced mortality was 0% for both marking types over the complete trial period.

Streptomycin production by Streptomyces griseus can be modulated by a mechanism not associated with change in the adpA component of the A-factor cascade - Bin Hong; Somkiat Phornphisutthimas; Emma Tilley; Simon Baumberg; Kenneth J. McDowall (Biotechnology Letters, 2006)

The Ecotoxicological Recovery of Ely Creek and Tributaries (Lee County, Va) After Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage - Matthew L. Simon; Donald S. Cherry; Rebecca J. Currie; Carl E. Zipper (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006)

Characterization of a HoxEFUYH type of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Allochromatium vinosum and some EPR and IR properties of the hydrogenase module - Minnan Long; Jingjing Liu; Zhifeng Chen; Boris Bleijlevens; Winfried Roseboom; Simon P. J. Albracht (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2006)

The impact of natural and anthropogenic forcings on climate and hydrology since 1550 - Simon F. B. Tett; Richard Betts; Thomas J. Crowley; Jonathan Gregory; Timothy C. Johns; Andy Jones; Timothy J. Osborn; Elisabeth Öström; David L. Roberts; Margaret J. Woodage (Climate Dynamics, 2006)

Does mechanical site preparation affect trembling aspen density and growth 9–12 years after treatment? - Erin C. Fraser; Simon M. Landhäusser; Victor J. Lieffers (New Forests, 2006)

The challenge of truly cryptic diversity: diagnosis and description of a new madtom catfish (Ictaluridae: Noturus ) - Jacob J. D. Egge; Andrew M. Simons (Zoologica Scripta, 2006)
The Ozark madtom, Noturus albater , is distributed in upland streams in the upper White, Black, and St. Francis rivers of Missouri and Arkansas, USA. Fixed chromosomal and biochemical differences between populations in the upper White River and the Black and St. Francis rivers led earlier researchers to suggest that the Ozark madtom comprised two distinct species. The current study reviewed previous data, and examined osteology, pigmentation, morphometrics and DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the nuclear Recombination Activating Gene 2. Sequence data were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian methods to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships within Noturus and examine relationships of populations of Ozark madtoms. Results of the molecular analyses were consistent with earlier chromosomal and biochemical studies. Morphology could not distinguish between populations from the upper White River and populations from the Black and St. Francis rivers. However, karyotypes, allozyme variation, and DNA sequences all provide diagnostic characters demonstrating the presence of two species consistent with the phylogenetic species concept. We describe the populations from the Black and St. Francis rivers as Noturus maydeni , a new cryptic species of madtom catfish.