Ground Data are Essential for Biomass Remote Sensing Missions - Jérôme Chave; Stuart J. Davies; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Plinio Sist; Dmitry Schepaschenko; John Armston; Tim R. Baker; David Coomes; Mathias Disney; Laura Duncanson; Bruno Hérault; et al. (Surveys in Geophysics, 2019)

A Proof of Concept for 3D Printing of Solid Lipid-Based Formulations of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs to Control Formulation Dispersion Kinetics - Kapilkumar Vithani; Alvaro Goyanes; Vincent Jannin; Abdul W. Basit; Simon Gaisford; Ben J. Boyd (Pharmaceutical Research, 2019)

Demography and genetics suggest reversal of dolphin source‐sink dynamics, with implications for conservation - Oliver Manlik; Delphine Chabanne; Claire Daniel; Lars Bejder; Simon J. Allen; William B. Sherwin (Marine Mammal Science, 2019)
The forecast for the viability of populations depends upon metapopulation dynamics: the combination of reproduction and mortality within populations, as well as dispersal between populations. This study focuses on an Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops aduncus ) population in coastal waters near Bunbury, Western Australia. Demographic modeling of this population suggested that recent reproductive output was not sufficient to offset mortality. Migrants from adjacent populations might make up this deficit, so that Bunbury would act as a “sink,” or net recipient population. We investigated historical dispersal in and out of Bunbury, using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA of 193 dolphins across five study locations along the southwestern Australian coastline. Our results indicated limited gene flow between Bunbury and adjacent populations. The data also revealed a net‐dispersal from Bunbury to neighboring populations, with microsatellites showing that more than twice as many individuals per generation dispersed out of Bunbury than into Bunbury. Therefore, in historic times, Bunbury appears to have acted as a source population, supporting nearby populations. In combination with the prior finding that Bunbury is currently not producing surplus offspring to support adjacent populations, this potential reversal of source‐sink dynamics may have serious conservation implications for Bunbury and other populations nearby.

Breeding and wintering bird distributions in Britain and Ireland from citizen science bird atlases - Simon Gillings; Dawn E. Balmer; Brian J. Caffrey; Iain S. Downie; David W. Gibbons; Peter C. Lack; James B. Reid; J. Tim R. Sharrock; Robert L. Swann; Robert J. Fuller (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Motivation We undertook large citizen science surveys of bird distributions (atlases) in Britain and Ireland, aimed at quantifying breeding bird distributions on a 20‐year cycle and wintering bird distributions on a c . 30‐year cycle. We use these to generate spatially referenced information on apparent changes in bird distributions over c . 40 years. Main type of variable contained Detection of breeding and wintering bird species in grid squares during five periods, and changes in detection between periods. The combined distribution dataset contains 1,410,938 records detailing detections of 465 bird species in 3,880 grid cells in different periods. The combined distribution change dataset contains 1,297,791 records describing stability, apparent colonization or apparent extinction of individual species in grid squares between pairs of atlases spanning up to c. 40 years. Spatial location and grain Grid squares (10 km × 10 km) containing land throughout Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The majority of data are at 10‐km resolution, but data for rare species are summarized at 20‐ or 50‐km resolution to protect sensitive locations. Time period The data represent summarized detection information derived from fieldwork during five periods: the breeding seasons 1968–1972, 1988–1991 and 2008–2011, and the winters 1981/1982–1983/1984 and 2007/2008–2010/2011. Major taxa studied and level of measurement Birds; their distribution derived from citizen science surveys. Software format Data are supplied as comma‐separated text files.

Landscape patterns in top‐down control of decomposition: omnivory disrupts a tropical detrital‐based trophic cascade - Troy N. Simon; Andrew J. Binderup; Alex S. Flecker; James F. Gilliam; Michael C. Marshall; Steven A. Thomas; Joseph Travis; David N. Reznick; Catherine M. Pringle (Ecology, 2019)
Detrital‐based trophic cascades are often considered weak or absent in tropical stream ecosystems because of the prevalence of omnivorous macroconsumers and the dearth of leaf‐shredding insects. In this study, we isolate top‐down effects of three macroconsumer species on detrital processing in headwater streams draining Trinidad's northern mountains. We separated effects of different macroconsumers by experimentally manipulating their temporal access to isolated benthic habitat over the diel cycle. We found no evidence that omnivorous macroconsumers, including a freshwater crab ( Eudaniela garmani ) and guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ), increased leaf decomposition via consumption. By contrast, above a waterfall excluding guppies, the insectivorous killifish, Anablepsoides hartii , reduced the biomass of the leaf‐shredding insect Phylloicus hansoni 4‐fold, which consequently reduced leaf decomposition rates 1.6‐fold. This detrital cascade did not occur below the barrier waterfall, where omnivorous guppies join the assemblage and reduce killifish densities; here killifish had no significant effects on Phylloicus or decomposition rates. These patterns of detrital processing were also observed in upstream–downstream comparisons in a landscape study across paired reaches of six streams. Above waterfalls, where killifish were present, but guppies absent, leaf decomposition rates and Phylloicus biomass were 2.5‐ and ~35‐fold lower, respectively, compared to measurements below waterfalls. Moreover, the strength of top‐down control by killifish is reflected by the 20‐ and 5‐fold reductions in variability (± SE ) surrounding mean Phylloicus biomass and leaf decomposition rates in upstream relative to downstream reaches where no top‐down control was detected. Findings show a clear, detrital‐based trophic cascade among killifish, a leaf‐shredding insect, and leaf decomposition rates. Results also show how omnivorous guppies disrupt this cascade by depressing killifish densities, thereby releasing invertebrate shredders from predation, and significantly increasing decomposition rates. Moreover, this combination of direct and indirect trophic interactions drives patterns in decomposition rates in stream networks at a landscape scale, resulting in significantly lower rates of decomposition above vs. below barrier waterfalls. Our findings reveal that omnivory can result in significant indirect effects on a key ecosystem process, illustrating the importance of these hidden trophic pathways in detrital‐based systems and suggesting that resource control in tropical systems may be even more complex than previously envisioned.

Prokaryotic Diversity and Community Patterns in Antarctic Continental Shelf Sponges - Georg Steinert; Bernd Wemheuer; Dorte Janussen; Dirk Erpenbeck; Rolf Daniel; Meinhard Simon; Thorsten Brinkhoff; Peter J. Schupp (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade - Jay Pearlman; Mark Bushnell; Laurent Coppola; Johannes Karstensen; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Francoise Pearlman; Pauline Simpson; Michele Barbier; Frank E. Muller-Karger; Cristian Munoz-Mas; Peter Pissierssens; Cyndy Chandler; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Special issue of theoretical ecology to honor Alan Hastings’ 65th birthday - Stephen P. Ellner; Louis J. Gross; Simon A. Levin; Mark Lewis (Theoretical Ecology, 2019)

Immune reconstitution after HSCT in SCID—a cohort of conditioned and unconditioned patients - Uri Manor; Atar Lev; Amos J. Simon; Daphna Hutt; Amos Toren; Bella Bielorai; Lior Goldberg; Tali Stauber; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2019)

The European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics—25 years’ young and going strong - Jamie J. Coleman; Caroline Samer; Markus Zeitlinger; Michiel van Agtmael; Gerard A. Rongen; Pierre Marquet; Tabassome Simon; Donald Singer; Vangelis G. Manolopoulos; Ylva Böttiger (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Effect of flowering on physical and mechanical properties of Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz - A. K. Sethy; S. K. Sharma; J. Simon (Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 2019)

Incorporating existing thermal tolerance into projections of compositional turnover under climate change - Alex Bush; Renee Catullo; Karel Mokany; Tom Harwood; Andrew J. Hoskins; Simon Ferrier (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Aim Observed, realized niche space often underestimates species’ physiological tolerances due to interactions with other species, dispersal constraints, and because some combinations of influential environmental factors do not currently exist in the real world. Conversely, correlative ecological niche models rely on the assumption that the range of environmental conditions encompassed by a species’ geographic distribution accurately reflects their environmental tolerances, including community‐level approaches like generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM). We extend GDM to better understand what effect broader environmental tolerances could have on compositional turnover under climate change. Innovation We show how GDM can be adjusted as a function of best‐available estimates of the average ratio between realized and potential niche widths to modify projected temporal turnover. We demonstrate this approach by using the estimated niche ratios of Australian plant species ( n = 7,184) relative to thermal extremes, and the rate at which this ratio varied with temperature. The modified GDMs showed existing thermal tolerance could reduce the turnover predicted by standard models under climate change by up to 11%. We further show how the reduction in expected turnover by 2090 will influence where a greater proportion of the current community will persist in a region. Main conclusions We suggest that standard spatial GDMs and their modified versions represent the extremes of ecological niche perspectives (i.e., realized and potential) and the range of tolerance communities may have when responding to environmental change. GDM projections therefore identify the range of uncertainty associated with a critical model assumption, and as climate change continues, ongoing community monitoring could be used to validate the balance between the two possibilities.

Uncertainty associated with ambient ozone metrics in epidemiologic studies and risk assessments - Benjamin Wells; Heather Simon; Thomas J. Luben; Zachary Pekar; Scott M. Jenkins (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2019)

Contrasting Habitat Use and Population Dynamics of Reef Manta Rays Within the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area, Indonesia - Elitza S. Germanov; Lars Bejder; Delphine B. H. Chabanne; Dharmadi Dharmadi; I. Gede Hendrawan; Andrea D. Marshall; Simon J. Pierce; Mike van Keulen; Neil R. Loneragan (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Chitinozoans and scolecodonts from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan - Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke; Olle Hints; Mark Williams; Simon Wallis; Jules Velleman; Toshiyuki Kurihara; Gengo Tanaka; Toshifumi Komatsu; Peep Männik; David J. Siveter; Tim de Backer (Island Arc, 2019)
Silurian and Devonian chitinozoans and scolecodonts are recorded from strata of the Hida‐Gaien Terrane, central Honshu. Silurian chitinozoans include Eisenackitina , Bursachitina , and the species Angochitina elongata . The latter provides a precise biostratigraphical tie between the Japanese succession and the Type Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland, UK, and indicates a Ludlow age (Gorstian or early Ludfordian) for the upper member of the Yoshiki Formation in the Ichinotani Valley. Chitinozoans from other Yoshiki Formation localities contain other specimens of Lagenochitinidae. Scolecodonts are more common than chitinozoans in the palynological residues, but are mostly represented by fragments or minor apparatus elements with a low biostratigraphical value. However, material from the Yoshiki and Fukuji Formations includes several species of Mochtyella as well as representatives of Oenonites , Kettnerites , Lunoprionella , Vistulella ? and possibly other placognath taxa. Scolecodonts are also present in the Silurian Middle Member of the Gionyama Formation, Kyushu, including a well‐preserved jaw of Pistoprion , and fragments of putative Kettnerites and Oenonites . These finds of scolecodonts suggest close similarity in assemblages between Paleozoic polychaete faunas of Japanese terranes and those of Baltica‐Laurentia.

Accounting for interspecific competition and age structure in demographic analyses of density dependence improves predictions of fluctuations in population size - Marlène Gamelon; Stefan J. G. Vriend; Steinar Engen; Frank Adriaensen; André A. Dhondt; Simon R. Evans; Erik Matthysen; Ben C. Sheldon; Bernt‐Erik Sæther (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Understanding species coexistence has long been a major goal of ecology. Coexistence theory for two competing species posits that intraspecific density dependence should be stronger than interspecific density dependence. Great tits and blue tits are two bird species that compete for food resources and nesting cavities. On the basis of long‐term monitoring of these two competing species at sites across Europe, combining observational and manipulative approaches, we show that the strength of density regulation is similar for both species, and that individuals have contrasting abilities to compete depending on their age. For great tits, density regulation is driven mainly by intraspecific competition. In contrast, for blue tits, interspecific competition contributes as much as intraspecific competition, consistent with asymmetric competition between the two species. In addition, including age‐specific effects of intra‐ and interspecific competition in density‐dependence models improves predictions of fluctuations in population size by up to three times.

Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long‐term drought - Jesús Aguirre‐Gutiérrez; Imma Oliveras; Sami Rifai; Sophie Fauset; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Kofi Affum‐Baffoe; Timothy R. Baker; Ted R. Feldpausch; Agne Gvozdevaite; Wannes Hubau; Nathan J. B. Kraft; Simon L. Lewis; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Climatic changes have profound effects on the distribution of biodiversity, but untangling the links between climatic change and ecosystem functioning is challenging, particularly in high diversity systems such as tropical forests. Tropical forests may also show different responses to a changing climate, with baseline climatic conditions potentially inducing differences in the strength and timing of responses to droughts. Trait‐based approaches provide an opportunity to link functional composition, ecosystem function and environmental changes. We demonstrate the power of such approaches by presenting a novel analysis of long‐term responses of different tropical forest to climatic changes along a rainfall gradient. We explore how key ecosystem's biogeochemical properties have shifted over time as a consequence of multi‐decadal drying. Notably, we find that drier tropical forests have increased their deciduous species abundance and generally changed more functionally than forests growing in wetter conditions, suggesting an enhanced ability to adapt ecologically to a drying environment.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Pore Water Chemistry in the Inter-Tidal Zone of a High Energy Beach - Hannelore Waska; J. Greskowiak; J. Ahrens; M. Beck; S. Ahmerkamp; P. Böning; H. J. Brumsack; J. Degenhardt; C. Ehlert; B. Engelen; N. Grünenbaum; M. Holtappels; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Assessment of the optimal spectral bands for designing a sensor for vineyard disease detection: the case of ‘Flavescence dorée’ - H. Al-Saddik; J. C. Simon; F. Cointault (Precision Agriculture, 2019)

Anthurium harleyi (Araceae) — a new rupicolous species of section Urospadix from the northern Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil - Tiago Arruda Pontes; Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade; Rosineide Souza Richards; Anna Haigh; Cássio van den Berg; Simon J. Mayo (Kew Bulletin, 2019)

Gneiss-forming events in the Saglek Block, Labrador; a reappraisal of the Uivak gneiss - Anna Sałacińska; Monika A. Kusiak; Martin J. Whitehouse; Daniel J. Dunkley; Simon A. Wilde; Ross Kielman; Piotr Król (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019)

A margin for error in grasping: hand pre-shaping takes into account task-dependent changes in the probability of errors - Bruce D. Keefe; Pierre-Arthur Suray; Simon J. Watt (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Congo Basin peatlands: threats and conservation priorities - Greta C. Dargie; Ian T. Lawson; Tim J. Rayden; Lera Miles; Edward T. A. Mitchard; Susan E. Page; Yannick E. Bocko; Suspense A. Ifo; Simon L. Lewis (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2019)

Resurrection of the sixgill shark Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 (Hexanchiformes, Hexanchidae), with comments on its distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean - Toby S. Daly-Engel; Ivy E. Baremore; R. Dean Grubbs; Simon J. B. Gulak; Rachel T. Graham; Michael P. Enzenauer (Marine Biodiversity, 2019)

DNA metabarcoding—Need for robust experimental designs to draw sound ecological conclusions - Lucie Zinger; Aurélie Bonin; Inger G. Alsos; Miklós Bálint; Holly Bik; Frédéric Boyer; Anthony A. Chariton; Simon Creer; Eric Coissac; Bruce E. Deagle; Marta De Barba; Ian A. Dickie; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2019)

The effects of training population design on genomic prediction accuracy in wheat - Stefan McKinnon Edwards; Jaap B. Buntjer; Robert Jackson; Alison R. Bentley; Jacob Lage; Ed Byrne; Chris Burt; Peter Jack; Simon Berry; Edward Flatman; Bruno Poupard; Stephen Smith; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Commentary: Reconstructing Four Centuries of Temperature-Induced Coral Bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg; William J. Skirving; Janice M. Lough; Chunying Liu; Michael E. Mann; Simon Donner; C. Mark Eakin; Neal Cantin; Jessica Carilli; Scott Fraser Heron; Sonya Miller; Sophie Dove (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Wave-tide interaction modulates nearshore wave height - Matt J. Lewis; Tamsin Palmer; Resa Hashemi; Peter Robins; Andrew Saulter; Jenny Brown; Huw Lewis; Simon Neill (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Environmental influences on stem borer incidence in Australian subtropical Corymbia plantations - Valerie J. Debuse; Tim E. Smith; Chris T. Holloway; Aaron N. Wiegand; Helen F. Nahrung; Simon A. Lawson (Journal of Pest Science, 2019)

Antibiotic misuse in respiratory tract infections in children and adults—a prospective, multicentre study (TAILORED Treatment) - Chantal B. van Houten; Asi Cohen; Dan Engelhard; John P. Hays; Roger Karlsson; Edward Moore; David Fernández; Racheli Kreisberg; Laurence V. Collins; Wouter de Waal; Karin M. de Winter-de Groot; Tom F. W. Wolfs; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Enhanced characterisation for the management of industrial steel processing by products: potential of sequential chemical extraction - Kiri J. Rodgers; Iain S. McLellan; Simon J. Cuthbert; Andrew S. Hursthouse (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Archaean phosphates: a case study of transformation processes in apatite from the Barberton greenstone belt - Łukasz Birski; E. Słaby; R. Wirth; M. Koch-Müller; K. Simon; A. Wudarska; J. Götze; A. Lepland; A. Hofmann; A. Kuras (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2019)

Causes and analytical impacts of missing data in RADseq phylogenetics: Insights from an African frog ( Afrixalus ) - Marco Crotti; Christopher D. Barratt; Simon P. Loader; David J. Gower; Jeffrey W. Streicher (Zoologica Scripta, 2019)
Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has emerged as a useful tool in systematics and population genomics. A common feature of RADseq data sets is that they contain missing data that arise from multiple sources including genealogical sampling bias, assembly methodology and sequencing error. Many RADseq studies have demonstrated that allowing sites (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) with missing data can increase support for phylogenetic hypotheses. Two non‐mutually exclusive explanations for this observation are that (a) larger data sets contain more phylogenetic information; and (b) excluding missing data disproportionally removes sites with the highest mutation rates, causing the exclusion of characters that are likely variable and informative. Using a RADseq data set derived from the East African banana frog, Afrixalus fornasini (up to 1.1 million SNPs), we found that missing data thresholds were positively correlated with the proportion of parsimony‐informative sites and mean branch support. Using three proxies for estimating site‐specific rate, we found that the most conservative missing data strategies excluded rapidly evolving sites, with four‐state sites present only when allowing ≥60% missing data per SNP. Topological similarity among estimated phylogenies was highest for the data sets with ≥60% missing data per SNP. Our results suggest that several desirable phylogenetic qualities were observed when allowing ≥60% missing data per SNP. However, at the highest missing data thresholds (80% and 90% missing data per SNP), we observed differences in performance between high‐ and mixed‐weight DNA extraction samples, which may indicate there are trade‐offs to consider when using degraded genomic template with RADseq protocols.

The paleobiogeographical significance of the Silurian and Devonian trilobites of Japan - Christopher P. Stocker; Derek J. Siveter; Philip D. Lane; Mark Williams; Tatsuo Oji; Simon R. Wallis; Gengo Tanaka; Toshifumi Komatsu; David J. Siveter; Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke (Island Arc, 2019)
Six major groups of trilobites from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan are evaluated for their paleobiogeographical signature. Silurian illaenids and scutelluids show four generic‐level and at least two species‐level links with the Australian segment of the Gondwana paleocontinent; encrinurids also indicate two generic‐level links with Australia and also the South China paleocontinent; whilst Devonian phacopids, and possibly proetids, suggest at least two generic‐level links with the North China paleocontinent. These different patterns may reflect the fragmentary biostratigraphical record of Japanese trilobites, but they also appear to reflect paleoenvironmental parameters associated with lithofacies, and paleoecology. Thus, Japanese assemblages of proetids and phacopids occurring in deep‐water clastic lithofacies have counterparts in similar settings in North China, and Japanese scutelluids and illaenids are strongly associated with shallow marine carbonate lithofacies that are similar to those of their occurrences in Australia. Japanese encrinurids occur in carbonate rocks indicative of shallow marine settings in the Kurosegawa Terrane, and they demonstrate a consistent paleobiogeographical affinity with Australia and South China. Larval ecology cannot be directly assessed for Japanese trilobite groups. However, proetids have consistently been shown to have planktonic protaspides, whereas illaenids, scutelluids, and encrinurids have benthic protaspides. Planktonic protaspides would have a greater propensity for distribution in ocean currents than benthic ones, and therefore may be of more limited paleobiogeographical utility. The combined data from the six different groups indicates that the complex paleobiogeographical patterns of the Japanese trilobite assemblages need to be interpreted with caution, and similarity of taxa does not necessarily denote paleogeographical proximity to other regions.

Ocean Data Product Integration Through Innovation-The Next Level of Data Interoperability - Justin J. H. Buck; Scott J. Bainbridge; Eugene F. Burger; Alexandra C. Kraberg; Matthew Casari; Kenneth S. Casey; Louise Darroch; Joaquin Del Rio; Katja Metfies; Eric Delory; Philipp F. Fischer; Thomas Gardner; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Challenges and Prospects in Ocean Circulation Models - Baylor Fox-Kemper; Alistair Adcroft; Claus W. Böning; Eric P. Chassignet; Enrique Curchitser; Gokhan Danabasoglu; Carsten Eden; Matthew H. England; Rüdiger Gerdes; Richard J. Greatbatch; Stephen M. Griffies; Robert W. Hallberg; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Comparative population genomics confirms little population structure in two commercially targeted carcharhinid sharks - Claudia Junge; Stephen C. Donnellan; Charlie Huveneers; Corey J. A. Bradshaw; Alexis Simon; Michael Drew; Clinton Duffy; Grant Johnson; Geremy Cliff; Matias Braccini; Scott C. Cutmore; Paul Butcher; et al. (Marine Biology, 2019)

Correction to: The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC): a functional catalogue of the mammalian genome that informs conservation - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes; Pilar Cacheiro; Terrence F. Meehan; Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel; Arthur L. Beaudet; Steve D. M. Brown; Mary E. Dickinson; Ann M. Flenniken; Paul Flicek; Antonella Galli; Hamed Haseli Mashhadi; Jason D. Heaney; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Neural correlates of emotional valence processing in Parkinson’s disease: dysfunction in the subcortex - Peter T. Bell; Moran Gilat; James M. Shine; Katie L. McMahon; Simon J. G. Lewis; David A. Copland (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2019)

A statistical seasonal forecast model of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones using the quasi‐biennial oscillation - Md Wahiduzzaman; Eric C. J. Oliver; Philip J. Klotzbach; Simon J. Wotherspoon; Neil J. Holbrook (International Journal of Climatology, 2019)
Previous studies have shown that the skill of seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) tends to be poor. This paper investigates the forecast potential of TC formation, trajectories and points of landfall in the NIO region using an index of the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) as the predictor variable in a new statistical seasonal forecast model. Genesis was modelled by kernel density estimation, tracks were fitted using a generalized additive model (GAM) approach with an Euler integration step, and landfall location was estimated using a country mask. The model was trained on 30 years of TC observations (1980–2009) from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the QBO index at lags from 0 to 6 months. Over this time period, and within each season and QBO phase, the kernel density estimator modelled the distribution of genesis points, and the cyclone trajectories were then fit by the GAM along the observed cyclone tracks as smooth functions of location. Trajectories were simulated from randomly selected genesis points in the kernel density estimates. Ensembles of cyclone paths were traced, taking account of random innovations every 6‐hr along the GAM‐fitted velocity fields, to determine the points of landfall. Lead–lag analysis was used to assess the best predictor timescales for TC forecast potential. We found that the best model utilized the QBO index with a 3‐month lead. Two hindcast validation methods were applied. First, leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was performed where the country of landfall was decided by the majority vote of the simulated tracks. Second, the distances between the landfall locations in the observations and simulations were calculated. Application of seasonal forecast analysis further indicated that including information on the state of the QBO has the potential to improve the skill of TC seasonal forecasts in the NIO region.

Estimating Uncertainties in Oceanographic Trace Element Measurements - Paul J. Worsfold; Eric P. Achterberg; Antony J. Birchill; Robert Clough; Ivo Leito; Maeve C. Lohan; Angela Milne; Simon J. Ussher (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Predicting Which Species Succeed in Climate-Forced Polar Seas - Simon A. Morley; David K. A. Barnes; Michael J. Dunn (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Tools to Enrich Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning for Coastal Communities in Data-Poor Regions: Application to a Case Study in Madagascar - K. L. Cochrane; H. Rakotondrazafy; S. Aswani; T. Chaigneau; N. Downey-Breedt; A. Lemahieu; A. Paytan; G. Pecl; E. Plagányi; E. Popova; E. I. van Putten; Warwick H. H. Sauer; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

An Overview of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Materials and Potential Opportunities for Lipid-based Drug Delivery Systems - Kapilkumar Vithani; Alvaro Goyanes; Vincent Jannin; Abdul W. Basit; Simon Gaisford; Ben J. Boyd (Pharmaceutical Research, 2019)

Additive or synergistic? Early ectomycorrhizal fungal community response to mixed tree plantings in boreal forest reclamation - Natalie Scott; Gregory J. Pec; Justine Karst; Simon M. Landhäusser (Oecologia, 2019)

Correction to: Fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in at-risk patients with inflammatory bowel disease, fulminant CDI, renal impairment or hepatic impairment: a retrospective study of routine clinical use (ANEMONE) - Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild; Surabhi Taori; Simon D. Goldenberg; Florian Thalhammer; Emilio Bouza; Joop van Oene; Graham Wetherill; Areti Georgopali (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

A streamlined approach for the seismic hazard assessment of a new nuclear power plant in the UK - Guillermo Aldama-Bustos; Iain J. Tromans; Fleur Strasser; Graham Garrard; Guy Green; Liz Rivers; John Douglas; Roger M. W. Musson; Simon Hunt; Angeliki Lessi-Cheimariou; Manuela Daví; Colin Robertson (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2019)

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for a new-build nuclear power plant site in the UK - Iain J. Tromans; Guillermo Aldama-Bustos; John Douglas; Angeliki Lessi-Cheimariou; Simon Hunt; Manuela Daví; Roger M. W. Musson; Graham Garrard; Fleur O. Strasser; Colin Robertson (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2019)

Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change - Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert; Timothy R. Baker; Kyle G. Dexter; Simon L. Lewis; Roel J. W. Brienen; Ted R. Feldpausch; Jon Lloyd; Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza; Luzmila Arroyo; Esteban Álvarez-Dávila; Niro Higuchi; Beatriz S. Marimon; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Just a FAD ? Ecosystem impacts of tuna purse‐seine fishing associated with fish aggregating devices in the western Pacific Warm Pool Province - Shane P. Griffiths; Valerie Allain; Simon D. Hoyle; Tim A. Lawson; Simon J. Nicol (Fisheries Oceanography, 2019)
The western and central Pacific Ocean supports the world's largest tuna fisheries. Since the 1990s, the purse‐seine fishery has increasingly fished in association with fish aggregating devices ( FAD s), which has increased catches of juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas and vulnerable bycatch species (e.g., sharks). This has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of these species’ populations and the supporting ecosystem, but may provide improved food security of Pacific Island nations through utilisation of FAD ‐associated byproduct species (e.g., wahoo). An ecosystem model of the western Pacific Warm Pool Province was used to explore the potential ecological impacts of varying FAD fishing effort (±50% or 100%) over 30 years. The ecosystem has undergone a significant change in structure since 1980 from heavy exploitation of top predators (e.g., tunas) and “fishing up the food web” of high‐trophic‐level non‐target species. The ecosystem appeared resistant to simulated fishing perturbations, with only modest changes ( FAD effort by at least 50% was predicted to increase the biomass of tuna species and sharks and return the ecosystem structure to a pre‐industrial‐fishing state within 10 years. Spatial disaggregation of the model and integration of economic information are recommended to better capture ecological and economic changes that may result from fishing and/or climate impacts and to develop appropriate management measures in response.

Bayesian chemistry-assisted hydrograph separation (BACH) and nutrient load partitioning from monthly stream phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations - Simon J. R. Woodward; Roland Stenger (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2018)

The use of electronic monitoring within tuna longline fisheries: implications for international data collection, analysis and reporting - Timothy J. Emery; Rocio Noriega; Ashley J. Williams; James Larcombe; Simon Nicol; Peter Williams; Neville Smith; Graham Pilling; Malo Hosken; Stephen Brouwer; Laura Tremblay-Boyer; Thomas Peatman (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2018)

Modelling glacial lake outburst flood impacts in the Bolivian Andes - Ioannis Kougkoulos; Simon J. Cook; Laura A. Edwards; Leon J. Clarke; Elias Symeonakis; Jason M. Dortch; Kathleen Nesbitt (Natural Hazards, 2018)

The invasive alien plant, Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan Balsam), and increased soil erosion: causation or association? Case studies from a river system in Switzerland and the UK - Philip Greenwood; Patrick Baumann; Simon Pulley; Nikolaus J. Kuhn (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018)

Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns - Robert B. Flint; Rob ter Heine; Edwin Spaans; David M. Burger; Johan C. A. de Klerk; Karel Allegaert; Catherijne A. J. Knibbe; Sinno H. P. Simons (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Storylines: an alternative approach to representing uncertainty in physical aspects of climate change - Theodore G. Shepherd; Emily Boyd; Raphael A. Calel; Sandra C. Chapman; Suraje Dessai; Ioana M. Dima-West; Hayley J. Fowler; Rachel James; Douglas Maraun; Olivia Martius; Catherine A. Senior; Adam H. Sobel; et al. (Climatic Change, 2018)

Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas - Jianghai Ruan; Sebastian Bludau; Nicola Palomero-Gallagher; Svenja Caspers; Hartmut Mohlberg; Simon B. Eickhoff; Rüdiger J. Seitz; Katrin Amunts (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

Progressive microstructural changes of the occipital cortex in Huntington’s disease - Omar F. F. Odish; Robert H. A. M. Reijntjes; Simon J. A. van den Bogaard; Raymund A. C. Roos; Alexander Leemans (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Further spectral and chromatographic studies of ambergris - Steven J. Rowland; Paul A. Sutton; Simon T. Belt; Vera Fitzsimmons-Thoss; Alan G. Scarlett (Natural Product Research, 2018)

Response of cell-wall composition and RNA-seq transcriptome to methyl-jasmonate in Brachypodium distachyon callus - Lucy S. Hyde; Till K. Pellny; Jackie Freeman; Louise V. Michaelson; Rachael Simister; Simon J. McQueen-Mason; Rowan A. C. Mitchell (Planta, 2018)

Fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in at-risk patients with inflammatory bowel disease, fulminant CDI, renal impairment or hepatic impairment: a retrospective study of routine clinical use (ANEMONE) - Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild; Surabhi Taori; Simon D. Goldenberg; Florian Thalhammer; Emilio Bouza; Joop van Oene; Graham Wetherill; Areti Georgopali (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2018)
Information is limited or lacking on fidaxomicin treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, fulminant or life-threatening CDI, severe renal impairment, moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment and pregnancy. The ANEMONE study investigated fidaxomicin use in a routine clinical setting, focusing on these medical conditions of specific interest (MCSIs). This retrospective, post-authorisation study reviewed hospital records from Austria, Germany, Spain and the UK (June 2012–June 2015), collecting data from hospital admission to 30 days after last fidaxomicin dose. The primary objective was to identify the proportion of fidaxomicin-treated patients with MCSIs. Secondary objectives were to describe 30-day mortality, changes in ECG and laboratory parameters, fidaxomicin exposure and CDI response (resolution of diarrhoea; 30-day recurrence). 45.3% (261/576) of patients had ≥ 1 MCSI. Thirty-day mortality (post-first dose) was 17.0% (98/576) in the total population and slightly higher (24.6–27.6%) in patients with fulminant CDI or severe renal impairment. 29.6% (24/81) deaths of known cause were attributable to CDI. Of changes in laboratory parameters or ECG findings, only a decrease in leucocyte counts appeared associated with fidaxomicin, consistent with a positive treatment response. Diarrhoea resolved in 78.0% (404/518) of treatment episodes; diarrhoea resolution was lowest in patients with fulminant CDI (investigator-defined, 67.5%, 56/88) and severe renal impairment (68.0%, 68/100). Thirty-day recurrence (18.8%, 79/420) was similar across MCSI subgroups. Although almost half of fidaxomicin-treated patients had ≥ 1 MCSI, the majority of patients in all subgroups had positive responses to treatment, and no particular safety concerns were identified.

Demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors associated with high-intensity statin therapy in Australia: the AusDiab study - Karen Ho; Kris M. Jamsen; J. Simon Bell; Maarit Jaana Korhonen; Kevin P. Mc Namara; Dianna J. Magliano; Danny Liew; Taliesin E. Ryan-Atwood; Jonathan E. Shaw; Susan Luc; Jenni Ilomäki (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Sedimentary Environment Influences Ecosystem Response to Nutrient Enrichment - Emily J. Douglas; Conrad A. Pilditch; Andrew M. Lohrer; Candida Savage; Louis A. Schipper; Simon F. Thrush (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

In Vivo Evaluation of Taste-Masked Fast-Disintegrating Sublingual Tablets of Epinephrine Microcrystals - Ousama Rachid; Keith J. Simons; Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

Signatures of genetic adaptation to extremely varied Australian environments in introduced European house sparrows - Samuel C. Andrew; Henrik Jensen; Ingerid J. Hagen; Sarah Lundregan; Simon C. Griffith (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Due to its history of multiple introductions to novel environments worldwide, the house sparrow has been used as a model species to study local adaption in invasive avian species. New genomic resources such as a custom 200K SNP array and a house sparrow reference genome provide great prospects for studying rapid local adaptation in this invasive species. Here, we analyse high‐density genomewide genetic data collected across an extensive range of temperate, arid and tropical climates, in Australian populations that were introduced from Europe 150 years ago. We used two population differentiation ( PD ) and two ecological association ( EA ) methods to identify putative loci subject to selection across these varied climates. A majority of the outlier SNP s were identified through the use of the latent factor mixed models ( LFMM ) EA method, but the BayeScEnv EA method had the strongest overlap with the outliers from the two PD methods. Out of all the 971 outliers identified across the different methods, 38.3% were physically linked (within 20 kbps) to 575 known protein‐coding regions in the house sparrow reference genome. Interestingly, some outlier genes had been previously identified in genome scan studies of broadly distributed species or had strong links to traits that are expected to be important to local adaptation, for example, heat‐shock proteins, immune response and HOX genes. However, many outliers still have unknown relevance and some outliers can be false positives. Our results identify an opportunity to use the house sparrow model to further study local adaptation in an invasive species.

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes - R. Iestyn Woolway; Piet Verburg; John D. Lenters; Christopher J. Merchant; David P. Hamilton; Justin Brookes; Elvira de Eyto; Sean Kelly; Nathan C. Healey; Simon Hook; Alo Laas; Don Pierson; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2018)
Heat fluxes at the lake surface play an integral part in determining the energy budget and thermal structure in lakes, including regulating how lakes respond to climate change. We explore patterns in turbulent heat fluxes, which vary across temporal and spatial scales, using in situ high‐frequency monitoring data from 45 globally distributed lakes. Our analysis demonstrates that some of the lakes studied follow a marked seasonal cycle in their turbulent surface fluxes and that turbulent heat loss is highest in larger lakes and those situated at low latitude. The Bowen ratio, which is the ratio of mean sensible to mean latent heat fluxes, is smaller at low latitudes and, in turn, the relative contribution of evaporative to total turbulent heat loss increases toward the tropics. Latent heat transfer ranged from ~ 60% to > 90% of total turbulent heat loss in the examined lakes. The Bowen ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 and correlated significantly with latitude. The relative contributions to total turbulent heat loss therefore differ among lakes, and these contributions are influenced greatly by lake location. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of lakes in the climate system, effects on the lake water balance, and temperature‐dependent processes in lakes.

Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 - Jon Robson; Rowan T. Sutton; Alex Archibald; Fenwick Cooper; Matthew Christensen; Lesley J. Gray; N. Penny Holliday; Claire Macintosh; Malcolm McMillan; Ben Moat; Maria Russo; Rachel Tilling; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in the future. To this end, this article characterizes the recent observed changes in the North Atlantic region, especially in the period 2005–2016, across many different aspects of the system including: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric composition; clouds and aerosols; ocean circulation and properties; and the cryosphere. Recent changes include: an increase in the speed of the North Atlantic jet stream in winter; a southward shift in the North Atlantic jet stream in summer, associated with a weakening summer North Atlantic Oscillation; increases in ozone and methane; increases in net absorbed radiation in the mid‐latitude western Atlantic, linked to an increase in the abundance of high level clouds and a reduction in low level clouds; cooling of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, concomitant with increases in the western subtropical gyre, and a decline in the Atlantic Ocean's overturning circulation; a decline in Atlantic sector Arctic sea ice and rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. There are many interactions between these changes, but these interactions are poorly understood. This article concludes by highlighting some of the key outstanding questions.

Pan‐tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees - Jean‐François Bastin; Ervan Rutishauser; James R. Kellner; Sassan Saatchi; Raphael Pélissier; Bruno Hérault; Ferry Slik; Jan Bogaert; Charles De Cannière; Andrew R. Marshall; John Poulsen; Patricia Alvarez‐Loyayza; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan‐tropical model to predict plot‐level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location Pan‐tropical. Time period Early 21st century. Major taxa studied Woody plants. Methods Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the i th largest trees. Results Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot‐ and site‐level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium‐sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate‐diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change.

Primary productivity is related to niche width in the Australian Wet Tropics - Hugh M. Burley; Karel Mokany; Shawn W. Laffan; Kristen J. Williams; Dan Metcalfe; Helen T. Murphy; Andrew Ford; Tom D. Harwood; Simon Ferrier (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim A key ecological debate is whether ecosystem functions are distinctly influenced by biological diversity across broad scales. Although recent work has emphasized the importance of links between ecosystem functions and measures of ecological specialization as proxies of biodiversity, few studies have analysed macroecological relationships empirically in diverse environments. We tested whether gross primary productivity (GPP) in the Australian Wet Tropics (WT) was distinctly related to community‐level measures of the ecological specialization of component tree species across climate space, after accounting for climate drivers. Location Wet Tropics, Australia. Time period 1976–2012. Major taxa studied Nine hundred and forty‐eight WT tree species. Methods Using all geographically valid herbarium records for WT trees, we quantified the realized climatic niche widths using continental surfaces for maximum temperature of the warmest period and total annual rainfall. The median realized niche width for all tree species occurring at 510 sites was used to approximate ecological specialization within communities. To separate climatic effects on GPP, we applied a novel analysis using the difference in GPP and the difference in median community realized niche width between site pairs with similar climatic conditions. Linear models were then run on the difference in GPP between site pairs (response) and the difference in climatic niche widths (predictor). Results For climatically similar sites in drier areas, GPP was higher in sites composed of species with narrower temperature niches (average R 2 = 0.087, average t ‐statistic = −3.45). Conversely, for climatically similar sites in drier areas, GPP was lower in sites composed of species with narrower rainfall niches (average R 2 = 0.171, average t ‐statistic = 5.06). Main conclusions Wet Tropics sites with more thermal specialists had higher productivity, whereas sites with more moisture specialists had lower productivity. These findings suggest that physiological specialization across climate space can influence primary productivity at broad scales, but in inconsistent ways.

The Challenges Associated With Connectivity in Ecosystem Processes - Jenny R. Hillman; Carolyn J. Lundquist; Simon F. Thrush (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Do rivers influence fine-scale population genetic structure of tigers in the Sundarbans? - M. Abdul Aziz; Olutolani Smith; Adam Barlow; Simon Tollington; Md. Anwarul Islam; Jim J. Groombridge (Conservation Genetics, 2018)

Effects of program scale-up on time to resolution for patients with abnormal screening mammography results - Simon Craddock Lee; Robin T. Higashi; Joanne M. Sanders; Hong Zhu; Stephen J. Inrig; Caroline Mejias; Keith E. Argenbright; Jasmin A. Tiro (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Comments on “a framework for assessing readiness for tiger reintroductions” - Dale G. Miquelle; Colin M. Poole; Simon P. Mahood; Henry Travers; Matt Linkie; J. Goodrich; Joe Walston; Kenserey Rotha; Alan Rabinowtiz (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018)

Soil multifunctionality and drought resistance are determined by plant structural traits in restoring grassland - Ellen L. Fry; Joanna Savage; Amy L. Hall; Simon Oakley; W. J. Pritchard; Nicholas J. Ostle; Richard F. Pywell; James M. Bullock; Richard D. Bardgett (Ecology, 2018)
It is increasingly recognized that belowground responses to vegetation change are closely linked to plant functional traits. However, our understanding is limited concerning the relative importance of different plant traits for soil functions and of the mechanisms by which traits influence soil properties in the real world. Here we test the hypothesis that taller species, or those with complex rooting structures, are associated with high rates of nutrient and carbon (C) cycling in grassland. We further hypothesized that communities dominated by species with deeper roots may be more resilient to drought. These hypotheses were tested in a 3‐yr grassland restoration experiment on degraded ex‐arable land in southern England. We sowed three trait‐based plant functional groups, assembled using database derived values of plant traits, and their combinations into bare soil. This formed a range of plant trait syndromes onto which we superimposed a simulated drought 2 yr after initial establishment. We found strong evidence that community weighted mean ( CWM ) of plant height is negatively associated with soil nitrogen cycling and availability and soil multifunctionality. We propose that this was due to an exploitative resource capture strategy that was inappropriate in shallow chalk soils. Further, complexity of root architecture was positively related to soil multifunctionality throughout the season, with fine fibrous roots being associated with greater rates of nutrient cycling. Drought resistance of soil functions including ecosystem respiration, mineralization, and nitrification were positively related to functional divergence of rooting depth, indicating that, in shallow chalk soils, a range of water capture strategies is necessary to maintain functions. Finally, after 3 yr of the experiment, we did not detect any links between the plant traits and microbial communities, supporting the finding that traits based on plant structure and resource foraging capacity are the main variables driving soil function in the early years of grassland conversion. We suggest that screening recently restored grassland communities for potential soil multifunctionality and drought resilience may be possible based on rooting architecture and plant height. These results indicate that informed assembly of plant communities based on plant traits could aid in the restoration of functioning in degraded soil.

Nephrotoxicity and Kidney Transport Assessment on 3D Perfused Proximal Tubules - Marianne K. Vormann; Linda Gijzen; Simon Hutter; Lisette Boot; Arnaud Nicolas; Angelique van den Heuvel; Jelle Vriend; Chee Ping Ng; Tom T. G. Nieskens; Vincent van Duinen; Bjorn de Wagenaar; Rosalinde Masereeuw; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2018)

Resilience engineering: theory and practice in interdependent infrastructure systems - Adrian J. Hickford; Simon P. Blainey; Alejandro Ortega Hortelano; Raghav Pant (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2018)

Ocean warming has a greater effect than acidification on the early life history development and swimming performance of a large circumglobal pelagic fish - Sue‐Ann Watson; Bridie J. M. Allan; David E. McQueen; Simon Nicol; Darren M. Parsons; Stephen M. J. Pether; Stephen Pope; Alvin N. Setiawan; Neville Smith; Carly Wilson; Philip L. Munday (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Ocean warming and acidification are serious threats to marine life; however, their individual and combined effects on large pelagic and predatory fishes are poorly understood. We determined the effects of projected future temperature and carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) levels on survival, growth, morphological development and swimming performance on the early life stages of a large circumglobal pelagic fish, the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi . Eggs, larvae and juveniles were reared in cross‐factored treatments of temperature (21 and 25°C) and p CO 2 (500 and 985 μatm) from fertilisation to 25 days post hatching (dph). Temperature had the greatest effect on survival, growth and development. Survivorship was lower, but growth and morphological development were faster at 25°C, with surviving fish larger and more developed at 1, 11 and 21 dph. Elevated p CO 2 affected size at 1 dph, but not at 11 or 21 dph, and did not affect survival or morphological development. Elevated temperature and p CO 2 had opposing effects on swimming performance at 21 dph. Critical swimming speed ( U crit ) was increased by elevated temperature but reduced by elevated p CO 2 . Additionally, elevated temperature increased the proportion of individuals that responded to a startle stimulus, reduced latency to respond and increased maximum escape speed, potentially due to the more advanced developmental stage of juveniles at 25°C. By contrast, elevated p CO 2 reduced the distance moved and average speed in response to a startle stimulus. Our results show that higher temperature is likely to be the primary driver of global change impacts on kingfish early life history; however, elevated p CO 2 could affect critical aspects of swimming performance in this pelagic species. Our findings will help parameterise and structure fisheries population dynamics models and improve projections of impacts to large pelagic fishes under climate change scenarios to better inform adaptation and mitigation responses.

Climate change alterations to ecosystem dominance: how might sponge‐dominated reefs function? - James J. Bell; Alberto Rovellini; Simon K. Davy; Michael W. Taylor; Elizabeth A. Fulton; Matthew R. Dunn; Holly M. Bennett; Nora M. Kandler; Heidi M. Luter; Nicole S. Webster (Ecology, 2018)
Anthropogenic stressors are impacting ecological systems across the world. Of particular concern are the recent rapid changes occurring in coral reef systems. With ongoing degradation from both local and global stressors, future reefs are likely to function differently from current coral‐dominated ecosystems. Determining key attributes of future reef states is critical to reliably predict outcomes for ecosystem service provision. Here we explore the impacts of changing sponge dominance on coral reefs. Qualitative modelling of reef futures suggests that changing sponge dominance due to increased sponge abundance will have different outcomes for other trophic levels compared with increased sponge dominance as a result of declining coral abundance. By exploring uncertainty in the model outcomes we identify the need to (1) quantify changes in carbon flow through sponges, (2) determine the importance of food limitation for sponges, (3) assess the ubiquity of the recently described “sponge loop,” (4) determine the competitive relationships between sponges and other benthic taxa, particularly algae, and (5) understand how changing dominance of other organisms alters trophic pathways and energy flows through ecosystems. Addressing these knowledge gaps will facilitate development of more complex models that assess functional attributes of sponge‐dominated reef ecosystems.

Host genetics in malaria: lessons from mouse studies - Hong Ming Huang; Brendan J. McMorran; Simon J. Foote; Gaetan Burgio (Mammalian Genome, 2018)

Sedimentary macrofossil records reveal ecological change in English lakes: implications for conservation - Helen Bennion; Carl D. Sayer; Stewart J. Clarke; Thomas A. Davidson; Neil L. Rose; Ben Goldsmith; Ruth Rawcliffe; Amy Burgess; Gina Clarke; Simon Turner; Emma Wiik (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2018)

MHC II deficient infant identified by newborn screening program for SCID - Nufar Marcus; Tali Stauber; Atar Lev; Amos J. Simon; Jerry Stein; Arnon Broides; Ido Somekh; Shlomo Almashanu; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2018)

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC): a functional catalogue of the mammalian genome that informs conservation - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes; Pilar Cacheiro; Terrence F. Meehan; Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel; Steve D. M. Brown; Ann M. Flenniken; Paul Flicek; Antonella Galli; Hamed Haseli Mashhadi; Martin Hrabě de Angelis; Jong Kyoung Kim; K. C. Kent Lloyd; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2018)
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is building a catalogue of mammalian gene function by producing and phenotyping a knockout mouse line for every protein-coding gene. To date, the IMPC has generated and characterised 5186 mutant lines. One-third of the lines have been found to be non-viable and over 300 new mouse models of human disease have been identified thus far. While current bioinformatics efforts are focused on translating results to better understand human disease processes, IMPC data also aids understanding genetic function and processes in other species. Here we show, using gorilla genomic data, how genes essential to development in mice can be used to help assess the potentially deleterious impact of gene variants in other species. This type of analyses could be used to select optimal breeders in endangered species to maintain or increase fitness and avoid variants associated to impaired-health phenotypes or loss-of-function mutations in genes of critical importance. We also show, using selected examples from various mammal species, how IMPC data can aid in the identification of candidate genes for studying a condition of interest, deliver information about the mechanisms involved, or support predictions for the function of genes that may play a role in adaptation. With genotyping costs decreasing and the continued improvements of bioinformatics tools, the analyses we demonstrate can be routinely applied.

Linking Ross Sea Coastal Benthic Communities to Environmental Conditions: Documenting Baselines in a Spatially Variable and Changing World - Vonda J. Cummings; Judi E. Hewitt; Simon F. Thrush; Peter M. Marriott; N. Jane Halliday; Alf Norkko (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Selective effects of 5-HT2C receptor modulation on performance of a novel valence-probe visual discrimination task and probabilistic reversal learning in mice - Benjamin U. Phillips; Sigma Dewan; Simon R. O. Nilsson; Trevor W. Robbins; Christopher J. Heath; Lisa M. Saksida; Timothy J. Bussey; Johan Alsiö (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Agronomic and economic benefits of green-waste compost for peri-urban vegetable production: implications for food security - Simon M. Eldridge; Kwong Yin Chan; Nerida J. Donovan; Fadi Saleh; Leanne Orr; Idris Barchia (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2018)

Genetic diversity of a hitchhiker and prized food source in the Anthropocene: the Asian green mussel Perna viridis (Mollusca, Mytilidae) - P. Joana Dias; Matthew R. Gilg; Sherralee S. Lukehurst; W. Jason Kennington; Mareike Huhn; Hawis H. Madduppa; Simon J. McKirdy; Paul de Lestang; Serena L. M. Teo; Serina Siew Chen Lee; Justin I. McDonald (Biological Invasions, 2018)

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Elucidating the sponge stress response; lipids and fatty acids can facilitate survival under future climate scenarios - Holly Bennett; James J. Bell; Simon K. Davy; Nicole S. Webster; David S. Francis (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Ocean warming ( OW ) and ocean acidification ( OA ) are threatening coral reef ecosystems, with a bleak future forecast for reef‐building corals, which are already experiencing global declines in abundance. In contrast, many coral reef sponge species are able to tolerate climate change conditions projected for 2100. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this tolerance, we explored the lipid and fatty acid ( FA ) composition of four sponge species with differing sensitivities to climate change, experimentally exposed to OW and OA levels predicted for 2100, under two CO 2 Representative Concentration Pathways. Sponges with greater concentrations of storage lipid, phospholipids, sterols and elevated concentrations of n ‐3 and n ‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated FA ( LC PUFA ), were more resistant to OW . Such biochemical constituents likely contribute to the ability of these sponges to maintain membrane function and cell homeostasis in the face of environmental change. Our results suggest that n ‐3 and n ‐6 LC PUFA are important components of the sponge stress response potentially via chain elongation and the eicosanoid stress‐signalling pathways. The capacity for sponges to compositionally alter their membrane lipids in response to stress was also explored using a number of specific homeoviscous adaptation ( HVA ) indicators. This revealed a potential mechanism via which additional CO 2 could facilitate the resistance of phototrophic sponges to thermal stress through an increased synthesis of membrane‐stabilizing sterols. Finally, OW induced an increase in FA unsaturation in phototrophic sponges but a decrease in heterotrophic species, providing support for a difference in the thermal response pathway between the sponge host and the associated photosymbionts. Here we have shown that sponge lipids and FA are likely to be an important component of the sponge stress response and may play a role in facilitating sponge survival under future climate conditions.

Response of benthic fauna to experimental bottom fishing: A global meta‐analysis - Marija Sciberras; Jan Geert Hiddink; Simon Jennings; Claire L Szostek; Kathryn M Hughes; Brian Kneafsey; Leo J Clarke; Nick Ellis; Adriaan D Rijnsdorp; Robert A McConnaughey; Ray Hilborn; Jeremy S Collie; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Bottom‐contact fishing gears are globally the most widespread anthropogenic sources of direct disturbance to the seabed and associated biota. Managing these fishing disturbances requires quantification of gear impacts on biota and the rate of recovery following disturbance. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 122 experiments on the effects‐of‐bottom fishing to quantify the removal of benthos in the path of the fishing gear and to estimate rates of recovery following disturbance. A gear pass reduced benthic invertebrate abundance by 26% and species richness by 19%. The effect was strongly gear‐specific, with gears that penetrate deeper into the sediment having a significantly larger impact than those that penetrate less. Sediment composition (% mud and presence of biogenic habitat) and the history of fishing disturbance prior to an experimental fishing event were also important predictors of depletion, with communities in areas that were not previously fished, predominantly muddy or biogenic habitats being more strongly affected by fishing. Sessile and low mobility biota with longer life‐spans such as sponges, soft corals and bivalves took much longer to recover after fishing (>3 year) than mobile biota with shorter life‐spans such as polychaetes and malacostracans (

Co-appearance of OPV and BCG vaccine-derived complications in two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency - Sophia Heiman; Merav Weil; Lester M. Shulman; Amos J. Simon; Atar Lev; Raz Somech; Tali Stauber (Immunologic Research, 2018)

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of GSK3008348, a novel integrin αvβ6 inhibitor, in healthy participants - Charlotte H. Maden; David Fairman; Michelle Chalker; Maria J. Costa; William A. Fahy; Nadia Garman; Pauline T. Lukey; Tim Mant; Simon Parry; Juliet K. Simpson; Robert J. Slack; Stuart Kendrick; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Long-term trends in Swiss rivers sampled continuously over 39 years reflect changes in geochemical processes and pollution - Juerg Zobrist; Ursula Schoenenberger; Simon Figura; Stephan J. Hug (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Individual voices in a cluttered soundscape: acoustic ecology of the Bocon toadfish, Amphichthys cryptocentrus - Erica Staaterman; Simon J. Brandl; Michelle Hauer; Jordan M. Casey; Austin J. Gallagher; Aaron N. Rice (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Genetic diversity through time and space: diversity and demographic history from natural history specimens and serially sampled contemporary populations of the threatened Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) - Peri E. Bolton; Lee A. Rollins; James Brazill-Boast; Kimberley L. Maute; Sarah Legge; Jeremy J. Austin; Simon C. Griffith (Conservation Genetics, 2018)

Bleaching and recovery of a phototrophic bioeroding sponge - Joseph Marlow; Simon K. Davy; Megan Shaffer; Abdul Haris; James J. Bell (Coral Reefs, 2018)

Integration of transcriptomic and cytoarchitectonic data implicates a role for MAOA and TAC1 in the limbic-cortical network - Sebastian Bludau; Thomas W. Mühleisen; Simon B. Eickhoff; Michael J. Hawrylycz; Sven Cichon; Katrin Amunts (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

Ocean acidification in New Zealand waters: trends and impacts - Cliff S. Law; James J. Bell; Helen C. Bostock; Chris E. Cornwall; Vonda J. Cummings; Kim Currie; Simon K. Davy; Malindi Gammon; Christopher D. Hepburn; Catriona L. Hurd; Miles Lamare; Sara E. Mikaloff‐Fletcher; et al. (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2018)
The threat posed by ocean acidification (OA) to the diversity and productivity of New Zealand marine ecosystems is assessed in a synthesis of published trends and impacts. A 20‐year time series in Subantarctic water, and a national coastal monitoring programme, provide insight into pH variability, and context for experimental design, modelling and projections. A review of the potential impact of changes in the carbonate system on the major phyla in New Zealand waters confirms international observations that calcifying organisms, and particularly their early life‐history stages, are vulnerable. The synthesis considers ecosystem and socio‐economic impacts, and identifies current knowledge gaps and future research directions, including mechanistic studies of OA sensitivity. Advanced ecosystem models of OA, that incorporate the indirect effects of OA and interactions with other climate stressors, are required for robust projection of the future status of New Zealand marine ecosystems.

A cross‐continental comparison of assemblages of seed‐ and fruit‐feeding insects in tropical rain forests: Faunal composition and rates of attack - Yves Basset; Chris Dahl; Richard Ctvrtecka; Sofia Gripenberg; Owen T. Lewis; Simon T. Segar; Petr Klimes; Héctor Barrios; John W. Brown; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Buntika A. Butcher; Anthony I. Cognato; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2018)
Aim Insects feeding on seeds and fruits represent interesting study systems, potentially able to lower the fitness of their host plants. In addition to true seed eaters, a suite of insects feed on the fleshy parts of fruits. We examined the likelihood of community convergence in whole insect assemblages attacking seeds/fruits in three tropical rain forests. Location Three Forest GEO permanent forest plots within different biogeographical regions: Barro Colorado Island (Panama), Khao Chong (Thailand) and Wanang (Papua New Guinea). Methods We surveyed 1,186 plant species and reared 1.1 ton of seeds/fruits that yielded 80,600 insects representing at least 1,678 species. We assigned seeds/fruits to predation syndromes on the basis of plant traits relevant to insects, seed/fruit appearance and mesocarp thickness. Results We observed large differences in insect faunal composition, species richness and guild structure between our three study sites. We hypothesize that the high species richness of insect feeding on seeds/fruits in Panama may result from a conjunction of low plant species richness and high availability of dry fruits. Insect assemblages were weakly influenced by seed predation syndromes, both at the local and regional scale, and the effect of host phylogeny varied also among sites. At the driest site (Panama), the probability of seeds of a plant species being attacked depended more on seed availability than on the measured seed traits of that plant species. However, when seeds were attacked, plant traits shaping insect assemblages were difficult to identify and not related to seed availability. Main conclusions We observed only weak evidence of community convergence at the intercontinental scale among these assemblages. Our study suggests that seed eaters may be most commonly associated with dry fruits at relatively dry tropical sites where fleshy fruits may be less prevalent.

Launching Environmental Microbiology : ‘The most effective way to do it, is to do it’ - Amanda J. L. McLean‐Inglis; Simon P. Rallison (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)

Canalisation in the wild: effects of developmental conditions on physiological traits are inversely linked to their association with fitness - Jelle J. Boonekamp; Ellis Mulder; Simon Verhulst (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Ecological conditions affect fitness, but mechanisms causing such effects are not well known, while evolved responses to environmental variation may depend on the underlying mechanisms. Consequences of environmental conditions vary strongly between traits, but a framework to interpret such variation is lacking. We propose that variation in trait response may be explained by differential canalisation, with traits with larger fitness effects showing weaker responses to environmental perturbations due to preferential resource allocation to such traits. We tested the canalisation hypothesis using brood size manipulation in wild jackdaw nestlings in which we measured eight physiological traits (mainly oxidative stress markers), and two feather traits. For each trait, we estimated manipulation response and association with fitness (over‐winter survival). As predicted, a strong negative correlation emerged between manipulation response and association with fitness ( r =−0.76). We discuss the consequences of differential trait canalisation for the study of mechanisms mediating environmental effects on fitness.

Truly sedentary? The multi-range tactic as a response to resource heterogeneity and unpredictability in a large herbivore - Ophélie Couriot; A. J. Mark Hewison; Sonia Saïd; Francesca Cagnacci; Simon Chamaillé-Jammes; John D. C. Linnell; Atle Mysterud; Wibke Peters; Ferdinando Urbano; Marco Heurich; Petter Kjellander; Sandro Nicoloso; et al. (Oecologia, 2018)

Wheat nutrient response functions for the East Africa highlands - Athanase R. Cyamweshi; Leon N. Nabahungu; Catherine J. Senkoro; Catherine Kibunja; Athanase Mukuralinda; Kayuki C. Kaizzi; Simon M. Mvuyekure; John Kayumba; Keziah W. Ndungu-Magiroi; Mary N. Koech; Charles S. Wortmann (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2018)

De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder - Lot Snijders Blok; Susan M. Hiatt; Kevin M. Bowling; Jeremy W. Prokop; Krysta L. Engel; J. Nicholas Cochran; E. Martina Bebin; Emilia K. Bijlsma; Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp; Paulien Terhal; Marleen E. H. Simon; Rosemarie Smith; et al. (Human Genetics, 2018)

Textural and micro-analytical insights into mafic–felsic interactions during the Oruanui eruption, Taupo - Shane M. Rooyakkers; Colin J. N. Wilson; C. Ian Schipper; Simon J. Barker; Aidan S. R. Allan (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2018)

Incongruence in molecular species delimitation schemes: What to do when adding more data is difficult - Sarah J. Jacobs; Casey Kristofferson; Simon Uribe‐Convers; Maribeth Latvis; David C. Tank (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Using multiple, independent approaches to molecular species delimitation is advocated to accommodate limitations and assumptions of a single approach. Incongruence in delimitation schemes is a potential by‐product of employing multiple methods on the same data, and little attention has been paid to its reconciliation. Instead, a particular scheme is prioritized, and/or molecular delimitations are coupled with additional, independent lines of evidence that mitigate incongruence. We advocate that incongruence within a line of evidence should be accounted for before comparing across lines of evidence that can themselves be incongruent. Additionally, it is not uncommon for empiricists working in nonmodel systems to be data‐limited, generating some concern for the adequacy of available data to address the question of interest. With conservation and management decisions often hinging on the status of species , it seems prudent to understand the capabilities of approaches we use given the data we have. Here, we apply two molecular species delimitation approaches, spedeSTEM and BPP, to the Castilleja ambigua (Orobanchaceae) species complex, a relatively young plant lineage in western North America. Upon finding incongruence in our delimitation, we employed a post hoc simulation study to examine the power of these approaches to delimit species. Given the data we collected, we find that spedeSTEM lacks the power to delimit while BPP is capable, thus allowing us to address incongruence before proceeding in delimitation. We suggest post hoc simulation studies like this compliment empirical delimitation and serve as a means of exploring conflict within a line of evidence and dealing with it appropriately.

Childhood adversity associated with white matter alteration in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, and uncinate fasciculus of psychiatrically healthy adults - Simon McCarthy-Jones; Lena K. L. Oestreich; Amanda E. Lyall; Zora Kikinis; Dominick T. Newell; Peter Savadjiev; Martha E. Shenton; Marek Kubicki; Ofer Pasternak; Thomas J. Whitford (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Pastoralists in a changing environment: The competition for grazing land in and around the W Biosphere Reserve, Benin Republic - Charles Tamou; Raimon Ripoll-Bosch; Imke J. M. de Boer; Simon J. Oosting (Ambio, 2018)

Selectivity underlies the dissociation between seasonal prey availability and prey consumption in a generalist predator - Thomas D. Whitney; Michael I. Sitvarin; Edward A. Roualdes; Simon J. Bonner; James D. Harwood (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Generalist predators are capable of selective foraging, but are predicted to feed in close proportion to prey availability to maximize energetic intake especially when overall prey availability is low. By extension, they are also expected to feed in a more frequency‐dependent manner during winter compared to the more favourable foraging conditions during spring, summer and fall seasons. For 18 months, we observed the foraging patterns of forest‐dwelling wolf spiders from the genus Schizocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) using PCR ‐based gut‐content analysis and simultaneously monitored the activity densities of two common prey: springtails (Collembola) and flies (Diptera). Rates of prey detection within spider guts relative to rates of prey collected in traps were estimated using Roualdes’ c st model and compared using various linear contrasts to make inferences pertaining to seasonal prey selectivity. Results indicated spiders foraged selectively over the course of the study, contrary to predictions derived from optimal foraging theory. Even during winter, with overall low prey densities, the relative rates of predation compared to available prey differed significantly over time and by prey group. Moreover, these spiders appeared to diversify their diets; the least abundant prey group was consistently overrepresented in the diet within a given season. We suggest that foraging in generalist predators is not necessarily restricted to frequency dependency during winter. In fact, foraging motives other than energy maximization, such as a more nutrient‐focused strategy, may also be optimal for generalist predators during prey‐scarce winters.

The drivers of variability in UK extreme rainfall - Simon J. Brown (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
The effect of large‐scale modes of climate variability on extreme UK daily rainfall, together with potential trends is investigated with non‐stationary extreme value analysis. Extreme rainfall is identified from 25 km gridded observations spanning 1958–2012 and to which generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions are fitted. The GEV location and scale parameters are assessed for their dependence on indices of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO), together with any evidence of trend. The influence of indices and trend are assessed individually and in combination, for individual months and 3‐month rolling seasons. To improve signal‐to‐noise ratio all data below 200 m elevation is pooled. The NAO is found to have the greatest impact with positive NAO reducing the likelihood of extreme rainfall from spring to autumn, but increasing it in winter. London's 50 year return level for JJA (DJF) ranges from 34(26) mm day −1 at maximum NAO to 51(24) mm day −1 for minimum NAO over the observed period. A weak ENSO influence is only found for early winter (NDJ) and no influence detected for PDO or AMO. Trends towards more extreme rainfall were found for OND and DJF; however, the inclusion of NAO resulted in reduced magnitude and significance for DJF trends. Robust trends were found for the winter half year irrespective of NAO influence, with London's 50‐year return level increasing by 6%. Extreme rainfall changes associated with NAO are consistent with NAO driven changes in extra‐tropical cyclones. Positive NAO non‐winter months have fewer less intense storms crossing the UK in contrast to winter where they are more frequent and intense. The speed of storms is also higher during positive NAO winters which can mitigate increases in the rarest events.

Improved seasonal prediction skill of rainfall for the Primera season in Central America - Eric J. Alfaro; Xandre Chourio; Ángel G. Muñoz; Simon J. Mason (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
This study explores the predictive skill of seasonal rainfall characteristics for the first rainy (and planting) season, May–June, in Central America. Statistical predictive models were built using a Model Output Statistics (MOS) technique based on canonical correlation analysis, in which variables that forecast with the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) were used as candidate predictors for the observed total precipitation, frequency of rainy days and mean number of extremely dry and wet events in the season. CFSv2 initializations from February to April were explored. The CFSv2 variables used in the study consist of rainfall, as in a typical MOS technique, and a combination of low‐level winds and convective available potential energy (CAPE), a blend that has been previously shown to be a good predictor for convective activity. The highest predictive skill was found for the seasonal frequency of rainy days, followed by the mean frequency of dry events. In terms of candidate predictors, the zonal transport of CAPE (uCAPE) at 925 hPa offers higher skill across Central America than rainfall, which is attributed in part to the high model uncertainties associated with precipitation in the region. As expected, dynamical model predictors initialized in February provide lower skill than those initialized later. Nonetheless, the skill is comparable for March and April initializations. These results suggest that the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Central America, and the Central American Regional Climate Outlook Forum, can produce earlier more skilful forecasts for May–June rainfall characteristics than previously stated.

Diet, the intestinal microbiota, and immune health in aging - Sarah J. Clements; Simon R. Carding (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2018)

Plants eavesdrop on cues produced by snails and induce costly defenses that affect insect herbivores - John L. Orrock; Brian M. Connolly; Won-Gyu Choi; Peter W. Guiden; Sarah J. Swanson; Simon Gilroy (Oecologia, 2018)

Prospects for seasonal forecasting of iceberg distributions in the North Atlantic - Robert Marsh; Grant Bigg; Yifan Zhao; Matthew J. Martin; Jeffrey R. Blundell; Simon A. Josey; Edward Hanna; Vladimir Ivchenko (Natural Hazards, 2018)

Biogeographic history of subterranean isopods from groundwater calcrete islands in Western Australia - Mohammad Javidkar; Steven J. B. Cooper; William F. Humphreys; Rachael A. King; Simon Judd; Andrew D. Austin (Zoologica Scripta, 2018)
Groundwater calcretes in arid central Western Australia contain a diverse invertebrate groundwater fauna (stygofauna). Surveys have uncovered a diverse oniscidean isopod subterranean fauna above the water table (troglofauna), including species of a recently described genus Paraplatyarthrus . The aim of this study was to investigate the biogeographic history of Paraplatyarthrus and the timing of transitions from surface to subterranean habitats. Phylogenetic relationships among the isopod troglofauna from 11 groundwater calcretes along three palaeodrainage systems were assessed using one mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( COI ) , and two nuclear markers, lysyl‐ tRNA synthetase (Lys RS ) and 18S rRNA ( 18S ) genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple sister lineage relationships between troglophile and troglobite lineages and evidence for divergent mt DNA lineages within species, providing a range of nodes for dating evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean habitats. Relaxed molecular clock analyses provided evidence that evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean environments took place between 13.3 and 1.75 million years ago, coinciding with the onset of aridification of Australia from the late Tertiary. In cases where groundwater calcretes contained multiple species, the taxa were not closely related phylogenetically, suggesting that these calcretes were independently colonised by multiple ancestral species. The study further confirmed the role of late/post‐Miocene aridification as a key driver of the evolution of subterranean invertebrates in the calcrete islands of Western Australia, supporting the climatic relict hypothesis. Troglobites most likely evolved from the troglophile ancestors that were capable of dispersal among, and active colonisation of, calcretes.

Bottom‐up processes mediated by social systems drive demographic traits of coral‐reef fishes - Brett M. Taylor; Simon J. Brandl; Maia Kapur; William D. Robbins; Garrett Johnson; Charlie Huveneers; Phil Renaud; John Howard Choat (Ecology, 2018)
Ectotherms exhibit considerable plasticity in their life‐history traits. This plasticity can reflect variability in environmental and social factors, but the causes of observed patterns are often obscured with increasing spatial scales. We surveyed dichromatic parrotfishes across the northern Great Barrier Reef to examine variation in body size distributions and concomitant size at sex change ( L ∆50 ) against hypotheses of directional influence from biotic and abiotic factors known to affect demography. By integrating top‐down, horizontal, and bottom‐up processes, we demonstrate a strong association between exposure regimes (which are known to influence nutritional ecology and mating systems) and both body size distribution and L ∆50 (median length at female‐to‐male sex change), with an accompanying lack of strong empirical support for other biotic drivers previously hypothesized to affect body size distributions. Across sites, body size was predictably linked to variation in temperature and productivity, but the strongest predictor was whether subpopulations occurred at sheltered mid and inner shelf reefs or at wave‐exposed outer shelf reef systems. Upon accounting for the underlying influence of body size distribution, this habitat‐exposure gradient was highly associated with further L ∆50 variation across species, demonstrating that differences in mating systems across exposure gradients affect the timing of sex change beyond variation concomitant with differing overall body sizes. We posit that exposure‐driven differences in habitat disturbance regimes have marked effects on the nutritional ecology of parrotfishes, leading to size‐related variation in mating systems, which underpin the observed patterns. Our results call for better integration of life‐history, social factors, and ecosystem processes to foster an improved understanding of complex ecosystems such as coral reefs.

Perceived versus real toxicological safety of pangasius catfish: a review modifying market perspectives - Albertinka J. Murk; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Simon R. Bush (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2018)
Mass media reports suggest that pangasius ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) is ‘full of poison’ because it is able to survive in the ‘heavily polluted Mekong River’ and contains pesticides and veterinary treatment chemicals. However, most of these claims are not substantiated with scientific evidence. To assess the safety of pangasius consumption, a full toxicological risk assessment was performed. The results obtained were compared to toxicity claims made in a selection of media reports. Information on contaminant levels encountered in pangasius was collected from the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed ( RASFF ) database. The toxicological risk assessments do not support any of the toxicological risks suggested in the media. Next, the maximum pangasius consumption that would be considered safe was estimated on the basis of the highest levels of the toxic contaminants reported in Vietnamese pangasius by RASFF and the safety thresholds for the contaminants. The maximum amount of the recalled fillet that could have been consumed without any adverse effects amounted to between 3.4 and 166.7 kg day −1 (lifelong for a 70 kg adult) in the case of pesticide contamination and between 0.613 and 303 kg fillet day −1 in the case of preservatives and antibiotics. It is concluded that consumption of pangasius available on the European market does not pose any concern for the health of the consumer. The analysis presented in this study illustrates that publicly available independent information could help consumers to develop their own well‐informed opinion about food safety issues.

Ticagrelor inhibits platelet–tumor cell interactions and metastasis in human and murine breast cancer - Alison J. Gareau; Colin Brien; Simon Gebremeskel; Robert S. Liwski; Brent Johnston; Michael Bezuhly (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2018)

Effect of diets supplemented with feed additives on growth, feed utilization, survival, body composition and intestinal bacterial load of early weaning European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax post-larvae - A. M. Goda; E. A. Omar; T. M. Srour; A. M. Kotiet; E. El-Haroun; Simon J. Davies (Aquaculture International, 2018)

Nutrients from salmon parents alter selection pressures on their offspring - Sonya K. Auer; Graeme J. Anderson; Simon McKelvey; Ronald D. Bassar; Darryl McLennan; John D. Armstrong; Keith H. Nislow; Helen K. Downie; Lynn McKelvey; Thomas A.J. Morgan; Karine Salin; Danielle L. Orrell; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Organisms can modify their surrounding environment, but whether these changes are large enough to feed back and alter their evolutionary trajectories is not well understood, particularly in wild populations. Here we show that nutrient pulses from decomposing Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) parents alter selection pressures on their offspring with important consequences for their phenotypic and genetic diversity. We found a strong survival advantage to larger eggs and faster juvenile metabolic rates in streams lacking carcasses but not in streams containing this parental nutrient input. Differences in selection intensities led to significant phenotypic divergence in these two traits among stream types. Stronger selection in streams with low parental nutrient input also decreased the number of surviving families compared to streams with high parental nutrient levels. Observed effects of parent‐derived nutrients on selection pressures provide experimental evidence for key components of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in wild populations.

The eye as a complement dysregulation hotspot - Simon J. Clark; Paul N. Bishop (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2018)

Scale-specific drivers of kelp forest communities - Thomas Lamy; Daniel C. Reed; Andrew Rassweiler; David A. Siegel; Li Kui; Tom W. Bell; Rachel D. Simons; Robert J. Miller (Oecologia, 2018)

NiftyPET: a High-throughput Software Platform for High Quantitative Accuracy and Precision PET Imaging and Analysis - Pawel J. Markiewicz; Matthias J. Ehrhardt; Kjell Erlandsson; Philip J. Noonan; Anna Barnes; Jonathan M. Schott; David Atkinson; Simon R. Arridge; Brian F. Hutton; Sebastien Ourselin (Neuroinformatics, 2018)

Copeptin reflects physiological strain during thermal stress - Michael John Stacey; Simon K. Delves; Sophie E. Britland; Adrian J. Allsopp; Stephen J. Brett; Joanne L. Fallowfield; David R. Woods (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)
Purpose To prevent heat-related illnesses, guidelines recommend limiting core body temperature ( T c ) ≤ 38 °C during thermal stress. Copeptin, a surrogate for arginine vasopressin secretion, could provide useful information about fluid balance, thermal strain and health risks. It was hypothesised that plasma copeptin would rise with dehydration from occupational heat stress, concurrent with sympathoadrenal activation and reduced glomerular filtration, and that these changes would reflect T c responses. Methods Volunteers ( n = 15) were recruited from a British Army unit deployed to East Africa. During a simulated combat assault (3.5 h, final ambient temperature 27 °C), T c was recorded by radiotelemetry to differentiate volunteers with maximum T c > 38 °C versus ≤ 38 °C. Blood was sampled beforehand and afterwards, for measurement of copeptin, cortisol, free normetanephrine, osmolality and creatinine. Results There was a significant ( P < 0.05) rise in copeptin from pre- to post-assault (10.0 ± 6.3 vs. 16.7 ± 9.6 pmol L −1 , P < 0.001). Although osmolality did not increase, copeptin correlated strongly with osmolality after the exposure ( r = 0.70, P = 0.004). In volunteers with maximum T c > 38 °C ( n = 8) vs ≤ 38 °C ( n = 7) there were significantly greater elevations in copeptin (10.4 vs. 2.4 pmol L −1 ) and creatinine (10 vs. 2 μmol L −1 ), but no differences in cortisol, free normetanephrine or osmolality. Conclusions Changes in copeptin reflected T c response more closely than sympathoadrenal markers or osmolality. Dynamic relationships with tonicity and kidney function may help to explain this finding. As a surrogate for integrated physiological strain during work in a field environment, copeptin assay could inform future measures to prevent heat-related illnesses.

Chronic Nitrogen Enrichment at the Watershed Scale Does Not Enhance Microbial Phosphorus Limitation - Corianne Tatariw; Jean D. MacRae; Ivan J. Fernandez; Marie-Cécile Gruselle; Cayce J. Salvino; Kevin S. Simon (Ecosystems, 2018)

Automated parameter tuning applied to sea ice in a global climate model - Lettie A. Roach; Simon F. B. Tett; Michael J. Mineter; Kuniko Yamazaki; Cameron D. Rae (Climate Dynamics, 2018)

Brain cortical characteristics of lifetime cognitive ageing - Simon R. Cox; Mark E. Bastin; Stuart J. Ritchie; David Alexander Dickie; Dave C. Liewald; Susana Muñoz Maniega; Paul Redmond; Natalie A. Royle; Alison Pattie; Maria Valdés Hernández; Janie Corley; Benjamin S. Aribisala; et al. (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

Co-innovation to increase community resilience: influencing irrigation efficiency in the Waimakariri Irrigation Scheme - Simon J. Fielke; M. S. Srinivasan (Sustainability Science, 2018)

Shark bite injuries on three inshore dolphin species in tropical northwestern Australia - Felix Smith; Simon J. Allen; Lars Bejder; Alexander M. Brown (Marine Mammal Science, 2018)
Predation risk has a profound influence on the behavior of marine mammals, affecting grouping patterns and habitat use. Dolphins frequently bear evidence of shark bites, which can provide an indirect measure of predation pressure. Using photo‐identification data, we investigated the prevalence of shark bites on three sympatric species of inshore dolphin, the Australian snubfin ( Orcaella heinsohni ), Australian humpback ( Sousa sahulensis ), and Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops aduncus ), among four study sites in northwestern Australia. Bite prevalence varied markedly between species, with 72% of snubfin, 46% of humpback, and 18% of bottlenose dolphins exhibiting evidence of shark bites. Binomial logistic regression confirmed a high likelihood of bite presence on snubfin dolphins, and at one particular site for snubfin and bottlenose dolphins. The prevalence of tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier ) bites on snubfin dolphins was high, and bites attributed to other carcharhinid sharks were observed on all species. While acknowledging methodological differences with other studies, the prevalence of shark bites on snubfin dolphins is among the highest reported for any dolphins, suggesting predation risk represents an important but varying influence thereon. This study provides a baseline for future investigations into the affect of predation risk on the behavioral ecology of these sympatric species.

Trade‐offs in triple‐bottom‐line outcomes when recovering fisheries - Christopher J Brown; Glenn Althor; Benjamin S Halpern; Md Sayed Iftekhar; Carissa J Klein; Simon Linke; Elizabeth C Pryde; Steven Schilizzi; James E M Watson; Becky Twohey; Hugh P Possingham (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Almost all environmental management comes at an economic cost that may not be borne equitably by all stakeholders. Here, we investigate how heterogeneity in catch and profits among fishers influences the trade‐off among the triple‐bottom‐line objectives of recovering a fish population, maximizing its economic value and distributing restrictions equitably across fishers. As a case‐study, we examine management reform of an ecologically and economically important coral reef fishery operating within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Using a simulation model, we find that total profitability of the fishing industry is 40% lower if recovery plans are equitable when compared to the most economically efficient plan. However, efficient recovery plans were typically highly inequitable because they required some fishers to cease fishing. Equity was defined according to different norms, and the efficiency loss was greatest when catch losses were shared equally across fishers rather than in proportion to their historical catch. We then varied key social, economic and biological parameters to identify cases when equity and efficient recovery would trade‐off most strongly. Recovery plans could be both efficient and equitable when heterogeneity in fisher's catches and individual catch efficiencies was lower. If fishers were homogenous then equitable plans could have maximal economic efficiency. These results emphasize the importance of considering heterogeneity in individual fishers when designing recovery plans. Recovery plans that are inequitable may often fail to gain stakeholder support, so in fisheries with high heterogeneity we should temper our expectations for marked increases in profits.

Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation - J Rasmus Nielsen; Eric Thunberg; Daniel S Holland; Jorn O Schmidt; Elizabeth A Fulton; Francois Bastardie; Andre E Punt; Icarus Allen; Heleen Bartelings; Michel Bertignac; Eckhard Bethke; Sieme Bossier; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area‐specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader‐scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models ( IEEFM s) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFM s applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo‐dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFM s requiring a long‐term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision‐making.

iDNA at Sea: Recovery of Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Mitochondrial DNA Sequences from the Whale Shark Copepod (Pandarus rhincodonicus) Confirms Global Population Structure - Mark Meekan; Christopher M. Austin; Mun H. Tan; Nu-Wei V. Wei; Adam Miller; Simon J. Pierce; David Rowat; Guy Stevens; Tim K. Davies; Alessandro Ponzo; Han Ming Gan (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Oceanic, Latitudinal, and Sex-Specific Variation in Demography of a Tropical Deepwater Snapper across the Indo-Pacific Region - Ashley J. Williams; Corey B. Wakefield; Stephen J. Newman; Elodie Vourey; Francisco J. Abascal; Tuikolongahau Halafihi; Jeremie Kaltavara; Simon J. Nicol (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Review of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga, biology, fisheries and management - Natacha Nikolic; Gilles Morandeau; Ludovic Hoarau; Wendy West; Haritz Arrizabalaga; Simon Hoyle; Simon J. Nicol; Jérôme Bourjea; Alexis Puech; Jessica H. Farley; Ashley J. Williams; Alain Fonteneau (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2017)

An ensemble of spatially explicit land-cover model projections: prospects and challenges to retrospectively evaluate deforestation policy - Andrew V. Bradley; Isabel M. D. Rosa; Amintas Brandão; Stefano Crema; Carlos Dobler; Simon Moulds; Sadia E. Ahmed; Tiago Carneiro; Matthew J. Smith; Robert M. Ewers (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2017)

Viewing geometry determines the contribution of binocular vision to the online control of grasping - Bruce D. Keefe; Simon J. Watt (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

The Influence of Legacy P on Lake Water Quality in a Midwestern Agricultural Watershed - Melissa Motew; Xi Chen; Eric G. Booth; Stephen R. Carpenter; Pavel Pinkas; Samuel C. Zipper; Steven P. Loheide; Simon D. Donner; Kai Tsuruta; Peter A. Vadas; Christopher J. Kucharik (Ecosystems, 2017)

Shelter use by large reef fishes: long-term occupancy and the impacts of disturbance - Joanna A. Khan; Christopher H. R. Goatley; Simon J. Brandl; Sterling B. Tebbett; David R. Bellwood (Coral Reefs, 2017)

Assessment of anthropogenic, seasonal and aquatic vegetation effects on the contamination level of oxbows - J. T. Kundrát; Zs. Balogh; S. Harangi; B. Tóthmérész; E. Simon (Community Ecology, 2017)

A latent measure explains substantial variance in white matter microstructure across the newborn human brain - Emma J. Telford; Simon R. Cox; Sue Fletcher-Watson; Devasuda Anblagan; Sarah Sparrow; Rozalia Pataky; Alan Quigley; Scott I. Semple; Mark E. Bastin; James P. Boardman (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Multiple plant traits influence community composition of insect herbivores: a comparison of two understorey shrubs - Renae J. Forbes; Simon J. Watson; Martin J. Steinbauer (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2017)

Drivers of nitrogen transfer in stream food webs across continents - Beth C. Norman; Matt R. Whiles; Sarah M. Collins; Alexander S. Flecker; Steve K. Hamilton; Sherri L. Johnson; Emma J. Rosi; Linda R. Ashkenas; William B. Bowden; Chelsea L. Crenshaw; Todd Crowl; Walter K. Dodds; et al. (Ecology, 2017)
Studies of trophic‐level material and energy transfers are central to ecology. The use of isotopic tracers has now made it possible to measure trophic transfer efficiencies of important nutrients and to better understand how these materials move through food webs. We analyzed data from thirteen 15 N‐ammonium tracer addition experiments to quantify N transfer from basal resources to animals in headwater streams with varying physical, chemical, and biological features. N transfer efficiencies from primary uptake compartments (PUCs; heterotrophic microorganisms and primary producers) to primary consumers was lower (mean 11.5%, range 100%). Total N transferred (as a rate) was greater in streams with open compared to closed canopies and overall N transfer efficiency generally followed a similar pattern, although was not statistically significant. We used principal component analysis to condense a suite of site characteristics into two environmental components. Total N uptake rates among trophic levels were best predicted by the component that was correlated with latitude, DIN:SRP, GPP:ER, and percent canopy cover. N transfer efficiency did not respond consistently to environmental variables. Our results suggest that canopy cover influences N movement through stream food webs because light availability and primary production facilitate N transfer to higher trophic levels.

Contaminated sediment dynamics in peatland headwater catchments - Emma L. Shuttleworth; Gareth D. Clay; Martin G. Evans; Simon M. Hutchinson; James J. Rothwell (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2017)

The representativeness of direct oral anticoagulant clinical trials to hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation - Laura Fanning; Jenni Ilomäki; J. Simon Bell; Pēteris Dārziņš (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2017)

Macrofaunal Functional Diversity Provides Resilience to Nutrient Enrichment in Coastal Sediments - Emily J. Douglas; Conrad A. Pilditch; Casper Kraan; Louis A. Schipper; Andrew M. Lohrer; Simon F. Thrush (Ecosystems, 2017)

Risk and protective factors for structural brain ageing in the eighth decade of life - Stuart J. Ritchie; Elliot M. Tucker-Drob; Simon R. Cox; David Alexander Dickie; Maria del C. Valdés Hernández; Janie Corley; Natalie A. Royle; Paul Redmond; Susana Muñoz Maniega; Alison Pattie; Benjamin S. Aribisala; Adele M. Taylor; et al. (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity associated with the monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic BAL30072 - Franziska Paech; Simon Messner; Jochen Spickermann; Mathias Wind; Anne-Hortense Schmitt-Hoffmann; Anne Therese Witschi; Brett A. Howell; Rachel J. Church; Jeff Woodhead; Marc Engelhardt; Stephan Krähenbühl; Martina Maurer (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes - Elinor M. Lichtenberg; Christina M. Kennedy; Claire Kremen; Péter Batáry; Frank Berendse; Riccardo Bommarco; Nilsa A. Bosque‐Pérez; Luísa G. Carvalheiro; William E. Snyder; Neal M. Williams; Rachael Winfree; Björn K. Klatt; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in‐field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in‐field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.

MAM-E17 rat model impairments on a novel continuous performance task: effects of potential cognitive enhancing drugs - Adam C. Mar; Simon R. O. Nilsson; Begoña Gamallo-Lana; Ming Lei; Theda Dourado; Johan Alsiö; Lisa M. Saksida; Timothy J. Bussey; Trevor W. Robbins (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Quantifying deformation in North Borneo with GPS - Mohamad Asrul Mustafar; Wim J. F. Simons; Felix Tongkul; Chalermchon Satirapod; Kamaludin Mohd Omar; Pieter N. A. M. Visser (Journal of Geodesy, 2017)

Characterisation of Peptide5 systemic administration for treating traumatic spinal cord injured rats - Yilin Mao; Tara Nguyen; Ryan S. Tonkin; Justin G. Lees; Caitlyn Warren; Simon J. O’Carroll; Louise F. B. Nicholson; Colin R. Green; Gila Moalem-Taylor; Catherine A. Gorrie (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

A climatological model of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone genesis, tracks and landfall - Mohammad Wahiduzzaman; Eric C. J. Oliver; Simon J. Wotherspoon; Neil J. Holbrook (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex - Tulio Guadalupe; Samuel R. Mathias; Theo G. M. vanErp; Christopher D. Whelan; Marcel P. Zwiers; Yoshinari Abe; Lucija Abramovic; Ingrid Agartz; Ole A. Andreassen; Alejandro Arias-Vásquez; Benjamin S. Aribisala; Nicola J. Armstrong; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Habitat as a mediator of mesopredator‐driven mammal extinction - Peter J. McDonald; Catherine E. M. Nano; Simon J. Ward; Alistair Stewart; Chris R. Pavey; Gary W. Luck; Chris R. Dickman (Conservation Biology, 2017)
A prevailing view in dryland systems is that mammals are constrained by the scarcity of fertile soils and primary productivity. An alternative view is that predation is a primary driver of mammal assemblages, especially in Australia, where 2 introduced mesopredators—feral cat (Felis catus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) —are responsible for severe declines of dryland mammals. We evaluated productivity and predation as drivers of native mammal assemblage structure in dryland Australia. We used new data from 90 sites to examine the divers of extant mammal species richness and reconstructed historic mammal assemblages to determine proportional loss of mammal species across broad habitat types (landform and vegetation communities). Predation was supported as a major driver of extant mammal richness, but its effect was strongly mediated by habitat. Areas that were rugged or had dense grass cover supported more mammal species than the more productive and topographically simple areas. Twelve species in the critical weight range (CWR) (35–5500 g) that is most vulnerable to mesopredator predation were extirpated from the continent's central region, and the severity of loss of species correlated negatively with ruggedness and positively with productivity. Based on previous studies, we expect that habitat mediates predation from red foxes and feral cats because it affects these species’ densities and foraging efficiency. Large areas of rugged terrain provided vital refuge for Australian dryland mammals, and we predict such areas will support the persistence of CWR species in the face of ongoing mammal declines elsewhere in Australia.

Development of an In Vitro PIV Setup for Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Aortic Compliance on Flow Patterns and Hemodynamics - Martin Büsen; Christian Arenz; Michael Neidlin; Sam Liao; Thomas Schmitz-Rode; Ulrich Steinseifer; Simon J. Sonntag (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2017)

Cis ‐regulatory evolution in a wild primate: Infection‐associated genetic variation drives differential expression of MHC ‐ DQA 1 in vitro - Noah D. Simons; Geeta N. Eick; Maria J. Ruiz‐Lopez; Patrick A. Omeja; Colin A. Chapman; Tony L. Goldberg; Nelson Ting; Kirstin N. Sterner (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Few studies have combined genetic association analyses with functional characterization of infection‐associated SNP s in natural populations of nonhuman primates. Here, we investigate the relationship between host genetic variation, parasitism and natural selection in a population of red colobus ( Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles ) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We collected parasitological, cellular and genomic data to test the following hypotheses: (i) MHC ‐ DQA 1 regulatory genetic variation is associated with control of whipworm ( Trichuris ) infection in a natural population of red colobus; (ii) infection‐associated SNP s are functional in driving differential gene expression in vitro; and (iii) balancing selection has shaped patterns of variation in the MHC ‐ DQA 1 promoter. We identified two SNP s in the MHC ‐ DQA 1 promoter, both in transcription factor binding sites, and both of which are associated with decreased control of Trichuris infection. We characterized the function of both SNP s by testing differences in gene expression between the two alleles of each SNP in two mammalian cell lines. Alleles of one of the SNP s drove differential gene expression in both cell lines, while the other SNP drove differences in expression in one of the cell lines. Additionally, we found evidence of balancing selection acting on the MHC ‐ DQA 1 promoter, including extensive trans‐species polymorphisms between red colobus and other primates, and an excess of intermediate‐frequency alleles relative to genome‐wide, coding and noncoding RAD seq data. Our data suggest that balancing selection provides adaptive regulatory flexibility that outweighs the consequences of increased parasite infection intensity in heterozygotes.

CO2 fluid inclusions in Jack Hills zircons - Martina Menneken; Thorsten Geisler; Alexander A. Nemchin; Martin J. Whitehouse; Simon A. Wilde; Biliana Gasharova; Robert T. Pidgeon (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

Intercomparison and validation of the mixed layer depth fields of global ocean syntheses - Takahiro Toyoda; Yosuke Fujii; Tsurane Kuragano; Masafumi Kamachi; Yoichi Ishikawa; Shuhei Masuda; Kanako Sato; Toshiyuki Awaji; Fabrice Hernandez; Nicolas Ferry; Stéphanie Guinehut; Matthew J. Martin; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Steric sea level variability (1993–2010) in an ensemble of ocean reanalyses and objective analyses - Andrea Storto; Simona Masina; Magdalena Balmaseda; Stéphanie Guinehut; Yan Xue; Tanguy Szekely; Ichiro Fukumori; Gael Forget; You-Soon Chang; Simon A. Good; Armin Köhl; Guillaume Vernieres; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Risk management to prioritise the eradication of new and emerging invasive non-native species - Olaf Booy; Aileen C. Mill; Helen E. Roy; Alice Hiley; Niall Moore; Pete Robertson; Simon Baker; Matt Brazier; Mathilde Bue; Richard Bullock; Steve Campbell; Dominic Eyre; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2017)

Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predict gait transitions of dogs - Simon Wilshin; G. Clark Haynes; Jack Porteous; Daniel Koditschek; Shai Revzen; Andrew J. Spence (Biological Cybernetics, 2017)

Utility of spherical human liver microtissues for prediction of clinical drug-induced liver injury - William R. Proctor; Alison J. Foster; Jennifer Vogt; Claire Summers; Brian Middleton; Mark A. Pilling; Daniel Shienson; Monika Kijanska; Simon Ströbel; Jens M. Kelm; Paul Morgan; Simon Messner; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Stratigraphy, age and correlation of two widespread Late Holocene tephras preserved within Lake Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea - Larissa Schneider; Brent V. Alloway; Russell J. Blong; Geoff S. Hope; Stewart J. Fallon; Colin F. Pain; William A. Maher; Simon G. Haberle (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2017)
Sediment cores were retrieved from Lake Kutubu, the largest upland lake in Papua New Guinea, to assess palaeoenvironmental baselines. Two prominent tephra layers were encountered within the cores. Using a combination of core stratigraphy, sediment properties and geochemical characterization (electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled‐plasma mass spectrometry techniques) we were able to correlate these tephras with Tibito and Olgaboli tephras, both previously described at adjacent distal localities. Glass shard compositional data of Tibito tephra from Lake Kutubu, Kuk swamp and from proximal volcaniclastic successions from Long Island are indistinguishable and this similarity strongly supports Long Island as the eruptive source. For Olgaboli tephra, the location of its eruptive source is less certain but the glass shard compositional data indicate a Karkar Island source. The occurrence of Tibito and Olgaboli tephras in Lake Kubutu sediments extends their known distributions further south‐west into the southern Highlands region and affirms their importance as inter‐regional stratigraphic markers, of late Holocene age, that have considerable potential for use in future palaeoenvironmental, archaeological and volcanic hazard and/or impact studies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Environmental correlates of biome‐level floristic turnover in South Africa - Simon C. Power; G. Anthony Verboom; William J. Bond; Michael D. Cramer (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim Biomes are defined according to the growth forms of their dominant species but also contrast in floristic composition. Biome boundaries thus represent areas of taxonomic turnover. The degree of turnover is dependent on the difference in environmental conditions between biomes and the ability of lineages to evolve adaptive traits. Open‐ and closed‐canopy biomes differ in structure, disturbance and resource availability. We aimed to determine whether these boundaries impose greater adaptive challenges to the movement of floristic lineages than do structurally similar ones. Location South Africa. Methods We determined genus‐ and family‐level dissimilarity between neighbouring biomes, and tested their correlations with differences in climate and soil properties, fire frequency and leaf area index ( LAI : a measure of canopy cover used as a proxy for understorey light availability). Results Genus‐ and family‐level dissimilarities between biomes were positively correlated with differences in LAI . High taxonomic turnover was also associated with differences in fire frequency and soil organic carbon. LAI was strongly predicted by differences in precipitation in the driest quarter. Although environmental correlates with floristic turnover varied, the taxonomically dissimilar Fynbos boundaries were linked to differences in cation exchange capacity. Main conclusions Biome boundaries with edaphic contrasts or emergent differences in vegetation structure caused by plant–water–fire interactions present possibly the hardest boundaries for floristic transitions. The infrequency of transitions across these boundaries is probably a consequence of environments contrasting in light and moisture availability, fire frequency and soil properties, requiring co‐adaptation across multiple traits. Variation in floristic turnover between boundaries, however, implies that adaptive challenges and the ease with which they overcome vary with biome.

Chronic effects of an invasive species on an animal community - J. Sean Doody; David Rhind; Brian Green; Christina Castellano; Colin McHenry; Simon Clulow (Ecology, 2017)
Invasive species can trigger trophic cascades in animal communities, but published cases involving their removal of top predators are extremely rare. An exception is the invasive cane toad ( Rhinella marina ) in Australia, which has caused severe population declines in monitor lizards, triggering trophic cascades that facilitated dramatic and sometimes unexpected increases in several prey of the predators, including smaller lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and birds. Persistence of isolated populations of these predators with a decades‐long sympatry with toads suggests the possibility of recovery, but alternative explanations are possible. Confirming predator recovery requires longer‐term study of populations with both baseline and immediate post‐invasion densities. Previously, we quantified short‐term impacts of invasive cane toads on animal communities over seven years at two sites in tropical Australia. Herein, we test the hypothesis that predators have begun to recover by repeating the study 12 yr after the initial toad invasion. The three predatory lizards that experienced 71–97% declines in the short‐term study showed no sign of recovery, and indeed a worse fate: two of the three species were no longer detectable in 630 km of river surveys, suggesting local extirpation. Two mesopredators that had increased markedly in the short term due to these predator losses showed diverse responses in the medium term; a small lizard species increased by ~500%, while populations of a snake species showed little change. Our results indicate a system still in ecological turmoil, having not yet reached a “new equilibrium” more than a decade after the initial invasion; predator losses due to this toxic invasive species, and thus downstream effects, were not transient. Given that cane toads have proven too prolific to eradicate or control, we suggest that recovery of impacted predators must occur unassisted by evolutionary means: dispersal into extinction sites from surviving populations with alleles for toxin resistance or toad avoidance. Evolution and subsequent dispersal may be the only solution for a number of species or communities affected by invasive species for which control is either prohibitively expensive, or not possible.

Resistin and NGAL are associated with inflammatory response, endothelial activation and clinical outcomes in sepsis - Stephen P. J. Macdonald; Erika Bosio; Claire Neil; Glenn Arendts; Sally Burrows; Lisa Smart; Simon G. A. Brown; Daniel M. Fatovich (Inflammation Research, 2017)

A cascade of magmatic events during the assembly and eruption of a super-sized magma body - Aidan. S. R. Allan; Simon J. Barker; Marc-Alban Millet; Daniel J. Morgan; Shane M. Rooyakkers; C. Ian Schipper; Colin J. N. Wilson (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

Feeding and nutrient excretion of the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii (Hyriidae, Unionida): implications for nearshore nutrient budgets in lakes and reservoirs - Hélène Cyr; Kevin J. Collier; Susan J. Clearwater; Brendan J. Hicks; Simon D. Stewart (Aquatic Sciences, 2017)

Diets and trophic guilds of small fishes from coastal marine habitats in western Taiwan - J. P. Egan; U.‐S. Chew; C.‐H. Kuo; V. Villarroel‐Diaz; P. J. Hundt; N. G. Iwinski; M. P. Hammer; A. M. Simons (Journal of Fish Biology, 2017)
The diets and trophic guilds of small fishes were examined along marine sandy beaches and in estuaries at depths L S ) in seven species and at the assemblage level and negatively correlated with L S in a single detritivorous species. The diet data and trophic guild scheme produced by this study contribute to an understanding of coastal marine food webs and can inform ecosystem‐based fisheries management.

Past, present and future refugia for Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora - Karel Mokany; Greg J. Jordan; Thomas D. Harwood; Peter A. Harrison; Gunnar Keppel; Louise Gilfedder; Oberon Carter; Simon Ferrier (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim Refugia under past climates have been important in structuring current patterns in diversity, while refugia under anthropogenic climate change will likely be important in retaining this diversity and shaping new patterns. However, few studies have examined the congruence of past, present and future refugia, or the spatiotemporal connectivity of these refugia. Our aim was to test the extent of overlap of refugia under Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ), present (2015) and likely future climates (2100), for Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora. We then aimed to identify areas of high spatiotemporal refugia connectivity, as priority areas for conservation and management. Location Tasmania, Australia. Methods We developed and applied a new community‐level approach to identifying refugia, based on generalized dissimilarity modelling of compositional turnover and a set of reference sites with known biodiversity value. Using these projections of palaeoendemic plant refugia for past, present and future climates, we developed and applied a second approach to quantify the level of connectivity of these refugia over space and time. Results Although there was large overlap (85%) between current and future climates in the distribution of the highest value palaeoendemic refugia, the small congruence of these areas with refugia at the LGM resulted in only a small area ( c . 9 km 2 ) of persistent high value refugia over all three time periods. Despite this, our spatiotemporal analysis identified several areas of high connectivity in refugial environments for Tasmania's palaeoendemic flora over time. Main conclusions The community‐level approaches we demonstrate here to quantify refugia and their spatiotemporal connectivity have the potential to advance our understanding of biodiversity dynamics, particularly for taxonomic groups that are species‐rich, poorly studied or comprised of many rare species, where species‐level approaches are less suitable.

Going with the flow: the role of ocean circulation in global marine ecosystems under a changing climate - Simon J. van Gennip; Ekaterina E. Popova; Andrew Yool; Gretta T. Pecl; Alistair J. Hobday; Cascade J. B. Sorte (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation and reduced productivity are widely considered to be the major stressors to ocean ecosystems induced by emissions of CO 2 . However, an overlooked stressor is the change in ocean circulation in response to climate change. Strong changes in the intensity and position of the western boundary currents have already been observed, and the consequences of such changes for ecosystems are beginning to emerge. In this study, we address climatically induced changes in ocean circulation on a global scale but relevant to propagule dispersal for species inhabiting global shelf ecosystems, using a high‐resolution global ocean model run under the IPCC RCP 8.5 scenario. The ¼ degree model resolution allows improved regional realism of the ocean circulation beyond that of available CMIP 5‐class models. We use a Lagrangian approach forced by modelled ocean circulation to simulate the circulation pathways that disperse planktonic life stages. Based on trajectory backtracking, we identify present‐day coastal retention, dominant flow and dispersal range for coastal regions at the global scale. Projecting into the future, we identify areas of the strongest projected circulation change and present regional examples with the most significant modifications in their dominant pathways. Climatically induced changes in ocean circulation should be considered as an additional stressor of marine ecosystems in a similar way to ocean warming or acidification.

The quality of compliance: investigating fishers’ responses towards regulation and authorities - Wiebren J Boonstra; Simon Birnbaum; Emma Björkvik (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
A substantial amount of scientific effort goes into understanding and measuring compliance in fisheries. Understanding why, how and when fishers follow or violate rules is crucial for designing effective fishery policies that can halt overfishing. Non‐compliance was initially explained almost exclusively with reference to economic and self‐interested motivations. More recently, however, most explanations involve a combination of economic, social, political and environmental factors. Despite this recent development towards more holistic explanations, many scientists continue to frame the issue in binary terms: fishers either follow rules, or they don't. In this article we challenge this binary interpretation and focus attention on the diversity of fishers’ dispositions and perceptions that underpin compliant behaviour. To this aim we construct a typology of fishers’ responses towards regulation and authorities, thereby developing conceptual tools to understand different motivations and attitudes that underlie compliance outcomes. For this purpose, we identify the motivational postures of ‘creativity’ and ‘reluctance’, and then highlight their empirical relevance with an interview study of Swedish fishers. Reasons for studying the quality and diversity of fishers’ motivations and responses are not purely academic. Conceptualizing and observing the quality of compliance can help policymakers and managers gauge and anticipate the potentiality of non‐compliant fishing practices that may threaten the resilience of marine ecosystems.

Indirect effects of bottom fishing on the productivity of marine fish - Jeremy Collie; Jan Geert Hiddink; Tobias van Kooten; Adriaan D Rijnsdorp; Michel J Kaiser; Simon Jennings; Ray Hilborn (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
One quarter of marine fish production is caught with bottom trawls and dredges on continental shelves around the world. Towed bottom‐fishing gears typically kill 20–50 per cent of the benthic invertebrates in their path, depending on gear type, substrate and vulnerability of particular taxa. Particularly vulnerable are epifaunal species, which stabilize the sediment and provide habitat for benthic invertebrates. To identify the habitats, fisheries or target species most likely to be affected, we review evidence of the indirect effects of bottom fishing on fish production. Recent studies have found differences in the diets of certain species in relation to bottom fishing intensity, thereby linking demersal fish to their benthic habitats at spatial scales of ~10 km. Bottom fishing affects diet composition and prey quality rather than the amount of prey consumed; scavenging of discarded by‐catch makes only a small contribution to yearly food intake. Flatfish may benefit from light trawling levels on sandy seabeds, while higher‐intensity trawling on more vulnerable habitats has a negative effect. Models suggest that reduction in the carrying capacity of habitats by bottom fishing could lead to lower equilibrium yield and a lower level of fishing mortality to obtain maximum yield. Trawling effort is patchily distributed – small fractions of fishing grounds are heavily fished, while large fractions are lightly fished or unfished. This patchiness, coupled with the foraging behaviour of demersal fish, may mitigate the indirect effects of bottom fishing on fish productivity. Current research attempts to scale up these localized effects to the population level.

Development of a novel strategy to target CD39 antithrombotic activity to the endothelial-platelet microenvironment in kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury - Maithili Sashindranath; Karen M. Dwyer; Shala Dezfouli; Carly Selan; Sandra Crikis; Bo Lu; Yuping Yuan; Michael J. Hickey; Karlheinz Peter; Simon C. Robson; Peter J. Cowan; Harshal H. Nandurkar (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Initial biochar effects on plant productivity derive from N fertilization - Simon Jeffery; Ilse Memelink; Edward Hodgson; Sian Jones; Tess F. J. van de Voorde; T. Martijn Bezemer; Liesje Mommer; Jan Willem van Groenigen (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Abundance and morphology of Paleodictyon nodosum, observed at the Clarion-Clipperton Zone - Jennifer M. Durden; Erik Simon-Lledo; Andrew J. Gooday; Daniel O. B. Jones (Marine Biodiversity, 2017)

Large extents of intensive land use limit community reorganization during climate warming - Tom H. Oliver; Simon Gillings; James W. Pearce‐Higgins; Tom Brereton; Humphrey Q. P. Crick; Simon J. Duffield; Michael D. Morecroft; David B. Roy (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Climate change is increasingly altering the composition of ecological communities, in combination with other environmental pressures such as high‐intensity land use. Pressures are expected to interact in their effects, but the extent to which intensive human land use constrains community responses to climate change is currently unclear. A generic indicator of climate change impact, the community temperature index ( CTI ), has previously been used to suggest that both bird and butterflies are successfully ‘tracking’ climate change. Here, we assessed community changes at over 600 English bird or butterfly monitoring sites over three decades and tested how the surrounding land has influenced these changes. We partitioned community changes into warm‐ and cold‐associated assemblages and found that English bird communities have not reorganized successfully in response to climate change. CTI increases for birds are primarily attributable to the loss of cold‐associated species, whilst for butterflies, warm‐associated species have tended to increase. Importantly, the area of intensively managed land use around monitoring sites appears to influence these community changes, with large extents of intensively managed land limiting ‘adaptive’ community reorganization in response to climate change. Specifically, high‐intensity land use appears to exacerbate declines in cold‐adapted bird and butterfly species, and prevent increases in warm‐associated birds. This has broad implications for managing landscapes to promote climate change adaptation.

Optimal visual–haptic integration with articulated tools - Chie Takahashi; Simon J. Watt (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

Molecular detection of kobuviruses in livestock in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland - P. J. Collins; Michael J. McMenamy; Julie McClintock; Paula Lagan-Tregaskis; Lorna McCabe; Simon Doherty; Helen O’Shea; Michael Welsh; John McKillen (Archives of Virology, 2017)

The origin and phylogeny of Margaritiferidae (Bivalvia, Unionoida): a synthesis of molecular and fossil data - Rafael Araujo; Simon Schneider; Kevin J. Roe; Dirk Erpenbeck; Annie Machordom (Zoologica Scripta, 2017)
The family Margaritiferidae is a small but widely distributed group within the Unionoida, or freshwater mussels, whose taxonomy and systematics has been the subject of numerous publications. Despite several efforts, there is no consensus on which characters reliably diagnose this family. Herein, we present the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the most comprehensive data set for Margaritiferidae in terms of taxa and phylogenetic markers assembled to date, including eleven out of the twelve margaritiferid species currently considered valid. In addition, we review the fossil record of the family and attempt to integrate fossil and DNA sequence data to provide a diagnosis of Margaritiferidae, identify its origin and biogeographic patterns, and determine the systematic relationships of its constituent species and their taxonomic affinities. We assembled a molecular data set comprised of five markers: COI , 16S, 28S, 18S and histone 3 for a total of 59 specimens representing eleven species of Margaritifera . Our results indicate that the family Margaritiferidae is a monophyletic group comprised of the single genus Margaritifera , which includes the following 12 species: M. dahurica , M. margaritifera , M. monodonta, M. middendorffi, M. laevis , M. marrianae, M. hembeli , M. falcata , M. laosensis, M. auricularia and M. marocana plus the unstudied M. homsensis . Estimates of divergence times using fossil calibrations or mean substitution rates produced dramatically different results. Divergence estimates based on the fossil calibrations were 10 times higher than those obtained applying the mean substitution rates. The current distribution of the family implies dispersal across marine or brackish waters by their host fish, leaving a fossil record on four continents that dates to the Mesozoic. Margaritiferidae appear to be derived from putative ancestor in the Silesunionidae, with a likely origin in Asia. We suggest that Margaritiferidae had spread along the Tethys margins and crossed the Atlantic already in the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. Further dispersal events, in the Late Cretaceous or Eocene, may be linked to salinity‐depleted coastal waters or freshwater layering.

Interactive effects of temperature and p CO 2 on sponges: from the cradle to the grave - Holly M. Bennett; Christine Altenrath; Lisa Woods; Simon K. Davy; Nicole S. Webster; James J. Bell (Global Change Biology, 2017)
As atmospheric CO 2 concentrations rise, associated ocean warming ( OW ) and ocean acidification ( OA ) are predicted to cause declines in reef‐building corals globally, shifting reefs from coral‐dominated systems to those dominated by less sensitive species. Sponges are important structural and functional components of coral reef ecosystems, but despite increasing field‐based evidence that sponges may be ‘winners’ in response to environmental degradation, our understanding of how they respond to the combined effects of OW and OA is limited. To determine the tolerance of adult sponges to climate change, four abundant Great Barrier Reef species were experimentally exposed to OW and OA levels predicted for 2100, under two CO 2 Representative Concentration Pathways ( RCP s). The impact of OW and OA on early life‐history stages was also assessed for one of these species to provide a more holistic view of species impacts. All species were generally unaffected by conditions predicted under RCP 6.0, although environmental conditions projected under RCP 8.5 caused significant adverse effects: with elevated temperature decreasing the survival of all species, increasing levels of tissue necrosis and bleaching, elevating respiration rates and decreasing photosynthetic rates. OA alone had little adverse effect, even under RCP 8.5 concentrations. Importantly, the interactive effect of OW and OA varied between species with different nutritional modes, with elevated p CO 2 exacerbating temperature stress in heterotrophic species but mitigating temperature stress in phototrophic species. This antagonistic interaction was reflected by reduced mortality, necrosis and bleaching of phototrophic species in the highest OW / OA treatment. Survival and settlement success of Carteriospongia foliascens larvae were unaffected by experimental treatments, and juvenile sponges exhibited greater tolerance to OW than their adult counterparts. With elevated p CO 2 providing phototrophic species with protection from elevated temperature, across different life stages, climate change may ultimately drive a shift in the composition of sponge assemblages towards a dominance of phototrophic species.

Characterisation of the DAACS Family Escherichia coli Glutamate/Aspartate-Proton Symporter GltP Using Computational, Chemical, Biochemical and Biophysical Methods - Moazur Rahman; Fouzia Ismat; Li Jiao; Jocelyn M. Baldwin; David J. Sharples; Stephen A. Baldwin; Simon G. Patching (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2017)

Urinary metabolic profiling by 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with cirrhosis may discriminate overt but not covert hepatic encephalopathy - Mark J. W. McPhail; Sara Montagnese; Manuela Villanova; Hamza El Hadi; Piero Amodio; Mary M. E. Crossey; Roger Williams; I. Jane Cox; Simon D. Taylor-Robinson (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2017)

Exome analysis of Smith–Magenis-like syndrome cohort identifies de novo likely pathogenic variants - Seth I. Berger; Carla Ciccone; Karen L. Simon; May Christine Malicdan; Thierry Vilboux; Charles Billington; Roxanne Fischer; Wendy J. Introne; Andrea Gropman; Jan K. Blancato; James C. Mullikin; William A. Gahl; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Erratum to: A comparison of changes in river runoff from multiple global and catchment-scale hydrological models under global warming scenarios of 1 °C, 2 °C and 3 °C - Simon N. Gosling; Jamal Zaherpour; Nick J. Mount; Fred F. Hattermann; Rutger Dankers; Berit Arheimer; Lutz Breuer; Jie Ding; Ingjerd Haddeland; Rohini Kumar; Dipangkar Kundu; Junguo Liu; et al. (Climatic Change, 2017)

A comparison of changes in river runoff from multiple global and catchment-scale hydrological models under global warming scenarios of 1 °C, 2 °C and 3 °C - Simon N. Gosling; Jamal Zaherpour; Nick J. Mount; Fred F. Hattermann; Rutger Dankers; Berit Arheimer; Lutz Breuer; Jie Ding; Ingjerd Haddeland; Rohini Kumar; Dipangkar Kundu; Junguo Liu; et al. (Climatic Change, 2017)

Normal radial migration and lamination are maintained in dyslexia-susceptibility candidate gene homolog Kiaa0319 knockout mice - Isabel Martinez-Garay; Luiz G. Guidi; Zoe G. Holloway; Melissa A. G. Bailey; Daniel Lyngholm; Tomasz Schneider; Timothy Donnison; Simon J. B. Butt; Anthony P. Monaco; Zoltán Molnár; Antonio Velayos-Baeza (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Chondrogenesis of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture progresses rapidly to hypertrophy and is modulated by hydrostatic pressure - Anurati Saha; Rebecca Rolfe; Simon Carroll; Daniel J. Kelly; Paula Murphy (Cell and Tissue Research, 2017)

Factors driving the variability in diving and movement behavior of migrating humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ): Implications for anthropogenic disturbance studies - Ailbhe S. Kavanagh; Michael J. Noad; Simon P. Blomberg; Anne W. Goldizen; Eric Kniest; Douglas H. Cato; Rebecca A. Dunlop (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)
Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) undertake one of the longest migrations of any animal and while on a broad‐scale this journey appears direct, on a fine‐scale, behaviors associated with socializing and breeding are regularly observed. However, little is known about which social and environmental factors influence behavior during this time. Here we examined the effect of multiple factors on the movement (speed and course) and diving behavior (dive and surfacing duration) of humpback whales during migration off the eastern coast of Australia. Focal data (202 h) were collected on 94 different whale groups with simultaneous social and environmental context data. The environmental factors water depth and wind speed were found to be important predictors of dive and movement behavior, whereas social factors were less influential at this site. Groups tended to dive for longer with increased water depth but traveled more slowly in increasing wind speeds. These baseline studies are crucial when examining the effect of anthropogenic disturbance. Determining which natural factors significantly affect behavior ensures any observed behavioral changes are correctly attributed to the disturbance and are not a result of other factors. In addition, any responses observed can be put into biological context and their relative magnitude determined.

Individual size, sex, and rearing environment impact on aggression in newly weaned seals - Kelly J. Robinson; Patrick P. Pomeroy; Neil Hazon; Simon Moss; Sean D. Twiss (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)

Effect of historical land‐use and climate change on tree‐climate relationships in the upper Midwestern United States - Simon J. Goring; John W. Williams (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Contemporary forest inventory data are widely used to understand environmental controls on tree species distributions and to construct models to project forest responses to climate change, but the stability and representativeness of contemporary tree‐climate relationships are poorly understood. We show that tree‐climate relationships for 15 tree genera in the upper Midwestern US have significantly altered over the last two centuries due to historical land‐use and climate change. Realised niches have shifted towards higher minimum temperatures and higher rainfall. A new attribution method implicates both historical climate change and land‐use in these shifts, with the relative importance varying among genera and climate variables. Most climate/land‐use interactions are compounding, in which historical land‐use reinforces shifts in species‐climate relationships toward wetter distributions, or confounding, in which land‐use complicates shifts towards warmer distributions. Compounding interactions imply that contemporary‐based models of species distributions may underestimate species resilience to climate change.

Metabolic Profiling of Human Long-Term Liver Models and Hepatic Clearance Predictions from In Vitro Data Using Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Modeling - Nicole A. Kratochwil; Christophe Meille; Stephen Fowler; Florian Klammers; Aynur Ekiciler; Birgit Molitor; Sandrine Simon; Isabelle Walter; Claudia McGinnis; Johanna Walther; Brian Leonard; Miriam Triyatni; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2017)

Do alcohol-dependent patients show different neural activation during response inhibition than healthy controls in an alcohol-related fMRI go/no-go-task? - Marta Czapla; Christian Baeuchl; Joe J. Simon; Barbara Richter; Matthias Kluge; Hans-Christoph Friederich; Karl Mann; Sabine C. Herpertz; Sabine Loeber (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Understanding the double peaked El Niño in coupled GCMs - Felicity S. Graham; Andrew T. Wittenberg; Jaclyn N. Brown; Simon J. Marsland; Neil J. Holbrook (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Fluid Dynamics in Rotary Piston Blood Pumps - Johannes Wappenschmidt; Simon J. Sonntag; Martin Buesen; Sascha Gross-Hardt; Tim Kaufmann; Thomas Schmitz-Rode; Ruediger Autschbach; Andreas Goetzenich (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Modular growth vessels for the cultivation of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 - Simon A. Jackson; Julian J. Eaton‐Rye (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2017)
Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 is a euryhaline cyanobacterium that serves as a model organism for studies of photosynthesis and cellular metabolism. At high light intensity Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 exhibits a fast growth rate and rapid biomass accumulation, making it an ideal candidate for the production of biofuels and commercially valuable secondary metabolites. To fully realise the production potential for this cyanobacterium a system is required to maintain axenic cultures under optimal growth conditions. We have designed and constructed two sizes of modular culture vessel systems, designed specifically to meet the abnormally high light penetration requirements of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The smaller volume culture vessels are best suited to phenotype analysis, allowing multiple candidate strains to be screened simultaneously, whereas the larger vessels are designed to facilitate higher biomass production.

Climate change is not a major driver of shifts in the geographical distributions of North American birds - David J. Currie; Simon Venne (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2017)
Aim Many studies postulate that physiological tolerance of climatic variables imposes the primary limit on species geographical distributions, that tolerances are constant through time, that climate has warmed and that geographical distributions shift to maintain species in their thermal niches when climate changes. However, recent studies present evidence that is inconsistent with each of these propositions. Here we ask: how strongly did avian species entire geographical distributions (as opposed to their latitudinal extremes) in North America track temperature changes between 1979 and 2010? Location The continental United States (excluding Alaska) and southern Canada. Methods We examined changes from 1979 to 2010 in the geographical distributions, and the realized temperature niches, of 21 species of passerine birds whose entire breeding ranges fall within the area well sampled by the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We related changes in breeding distributions to the concomitant changes in breeding season temperature. Results The median temperature increased within the breeding ranges of most, but not all, species. Temperature on the coolest 2.5% of routes increased significantly for only 8 of 21 species. Most species' distributions shifted geographically, but the most frequent shift was westward, not northward. Most species' realized temperature niches changed detectably through time, mainly as a result of changing temperature (versus geographical shifts). Where shifts in geographical distribution occurred, in most cases they did not result in smaller changes in species realized temperature niche than species would have experienced by not moving at all. There is little suggestion of a lagged response to climate change. Main conclusions We find only slight evidence that the geographical distributions of North American passeriform birds, considered in their entirety (as opposed to their latitudinal extremes), tracked temperature change. Of the factors that have driven recent shifts in the geographical distributions of North American avian species temperature change is probably only a minor one.

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

A longitudinal study of patients with cirrhosis treated with L-ornithine L-aspartate, examined with magnetization transfer, diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Vijay P. B. Grover; Mark J. W. McPhail; Marzena Wylezinska-Arridge; Mary M. E. Crossey; Julie A. Fitzpatrick; Louise Southern; Brian K. Saxby; Nicola A. Cook; I. Jane Cox; Adam D. Waldman; Novraj S. Dhanjal; Aluel Bak-Bol; et al. (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2017)

The Alpine snow-albedo feedback in regional climate models - Kevin J. -P. M. Winter; Sven Kotlarski; Simon C. Scherrer; Christoph Schär (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Quiet eye facilitates sensorimotor preprograming and online control of precision aiming in golf putting - Joe Causer; Spencer J. Hayes; James M. Hooper; Simon J. Bennett (Cognitive Processing, 2017)