PSSformer: A persistent scatters selection method for SAR interferometry based on temporal-spatial vision transformers - Yifan Zhang; Jordi J. Mallorqui; Wen Wang; Yu Qiu; Yaogang Chen; Leixin Zhang; Liqun Liu (ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2026)

Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of photocomplexes from the extremely halophilic purple sulfur bacterium, Halorhodospira halophila strain SL1T - I. Satoh; K. Inada; N. Hiwatashi; S. Ohara; N. Shimazaki; E.R. Purba; T. Mochizuki; A. Mizoguchi; L.-J. Yu; J. Overmann; M.T. Madigan; K. Tani; et al. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2026)

Corrigendum to ‘Cyclosporine A protects against wasp venom-induced rhabdomyolysis in rats by inhibiting the CypD-mPTP pathway’ [Toxicon 281 (2026) 109187] - S. Li; F. Deng; C. Yang; S. Liu; J. Zhou; F. Guo; A. Yu; T. Zhang (Toxicon, 2026)

Environmental conditions associated with carbonate-bearing rocks in lower Hawksbill Gap, Jezero western fan, Mars - Rebecca M.E. Williams; Joel A. Hurowitz; Linda C. Kah; Gwénaël Caravaca; Sanjeev Gupta; Nicolas Mangold; Michelle E. Minitti; R. Aileen Yingst; Kyle Uckert; Roger C. Wiens; Michael Tice; Megan Kennedy Wu; et al. (Icarus, 2026)

The colonization of land by plants and its effects on Earth's environments and resources - Jinzhuang Xue; Jing Lu; Wenchao Yu; Thomas J. Algeo; Bing Shen (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Regulating peracetic acid activation toward a singlet oxygen-dominated pathway via a 3D floating photothermal catalyst for selective antibiotic degradation - Qifan Wu; Cheuk Wai Lung; Jonathan J. Calvillo Solis; Yu Zhang; Musharib Khan; Ashutosh Kumar; Juhua He; Irene M.C. Lo (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Enhancing O3 design value predictions via source-tagged PM tracers in random forest bias correction - Mohammad Astaneh; Sunny Kant; Yu Yu; Michael Jerrett; Ninez A. Ponce; Michael J. Kleeman (Atmospheric Environment, 2026)

Recreational microplastics as emerging pollutants: effects of crumb rubber leachate across ecosystems - Sharon T. Pochron; Xiayan Ye; Amith S. Maroli; Arjun K. Venkatesan; Samy Sasoun; Thomas J. Gaylor; Mary Girgis; Morgan A. Jacobellis; Alec Miranda; Johanna A. Mitra; Grace Van Gelder; Samantha H. Byrne; et al. (Chemosphere, 2026)

Springtime dynamics of semivolatile pesticides in air and water at Toolik Lake, Arctic Alaska - Jeffrey Perala-Dewey; Kimberly J. Hageman; Yu-Ping Chin; Jennifer J. Guerard (Water Research, 2026)

Nomi, oyaT: Exploring the culinary heritage significance of bibliometric review of Philippine drinking identity and pulutan tradition (1961-2021) - Angelo Gabrielle J. Lati; Christopher Josh R. Espino; Feliz Carmelina B. Lescano; Frances Dawn E. Sarmiento; Aegis Uistean C. Yu; Jame Monren T. Mercado (International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2026)

Integrated geological, economic, and risk assessment of underground hydrogen storage - Prakash Purswani; K C Bijay; Hyeonseok Lee; Yun Yang; Uwaila C. Iyare; Lawrence O. Baompong; Shaowen Mao; David Z. Li; Zhidi Wu; Manjeet Chhetri; Siqin Yu; Xiaoyu Zhang; et al. (Fuel, 2026)

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IBB082 inoculation shapes microbial succession, metabolite profile and immunomodulatory potential in traditional short-term Romanian cucumber fermentations - José Ángel Salas-Millan; Mihai-Alexandru Tonciulescu; Todor T. Koev; Alise J. Ponsero; Ignacio Quevedo-Romero; Covadonga Valle Alcaraz; Pierric L.D. Chuppa; Caridad Soto; Fernando Ródenas Pérez Cuadrado; Nieves García-Lorca; Alberto Gila-Navarro; Poorvaja Muley; et al. (Food Bioscience, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Mapping long-term soil organic carbon stocks across the conterminous United States with machine learning” [Environ Res. 306 (2026) 125271] - Hannah J. Rubin; Xinxin Zhang; Joshua S. Fu; T. Edward Yu (Environmental Research, 2026)

Mapping long-term soil organic carbon stocks across the conterminous United States with machine learning - Hannah J. Rubin; Xinxin Zhang; Joshua S. Fu; T. Edward Yu (Environmental Research, 2026)

The hidden infectious disease-related sepsis risk of wildfire-specific PM2.5 - Rahini Mahendran; Rongbin Xu; Lei Zhang; Tingting Ye; Yiwen Zhang; Zhihu Xu; Wenzhong Huang; Zhengyu Yang; Michael J. Abramson; Fay H. Johnston; Luke Knibbs; Simon Hales; et al. (Environmental Research, 2026)

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Taiwan: Updates and improvements in TEM PSHA2025 - Jia-Cian Gao; Jo-Chen Kao; Chung-Han Chan; Ray Y. Chuang; Cheng-Hung Chen; J. Bruce H. Shyu; Kuo-En Ching; Yu Wang; Kuo-Fong Ma (Engineering Geology, 2026)

GollumFit: An icecube open-source framework for binned-likelihood neutrino telescope analyses - R. Abbasi; M. Ackermann; J. Adams; S.K. Agarwalla; J.A. Aguilar; M. Ahlers; J.M. Alameddine; N.M. Amin; K. Andeen; C. Argüelles; Y. Ashida; S. Athanasiadou; et al. (Computer Physics Communications, 2026)

Cosolvent-driven exciton delocalization and dual dissociation pathways enable high-efficiency inverted all-polymer solar cells - Jia-Fu Chang; Hui Chan Ahn; Sunil V. Barma; Cheng-Yu Yeh; Yu-Cheng Tseng; Hyun Min Kwon; Hyerin Jeon; Hsu-Tzu Cheng; Bumjoon J. Kim; Sae Byeok Jo; Chu-Chen Chueh (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Enhancing flocculation for fluoride removal using lanthanum based coagulant under near-neutral conditions: Performance optimization and pilot-scale evaluation - Yongjun Sun; Yuhan Ji; Zhihao Hu; Wenquan Sun; Kinjal J. Shah; Chengzhang zhu; Yang Wu; Yang Yu (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Whole transcriptome sequencing and metabolism analysis reveal new insight into Ginkgo biloba terpene trilactones biosynthesis - Xiaoxia Liu; Xiaofang Luo; Xiaoming Chen; Zihao Yu; Gregory J. Duns; Fulin He; Zuodong Qin (Euphytica, 2026)

The transmembrane domain is a primary determinant of the location and substrate specificity in cyanobacterial FtsH heterocomplexes - Lanbo Yi; Natalia Kulik; Shengxi Shao; Peter J. Nixon; Josef Komenda; Vendula Krynická; Jianfeng Yu; Bin Liu (Algal Research, 2026)

There Is More to the Taxonomy of Schoenus apogon (Cyperaceae) Than Meets the Eye: An Unresolved Complex With Cytological Diversity - Yu Ito; Norio Tanaka; Jeremy J. Bruhl; Karen L. Wilson; Okihito Yano (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2026)
Schoenus apogon s . lat . is widely distributed in Australia, Japan and New Zealand. There has been limited cytological and molecular study of this species complex and putatively related species. Different chromosome numbers have been reported from New Zealand (2 n = 8) and Japan (2 n = 18), perhaps indicating taxonomic differences. We investigate the chromosome diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the S . apogon complex by root‐tip squashes to expand the sample of chromosome numbers, and by examining chloroplast and nuclear DNA gene regions ( trn L ‐trn F and ITS). Occurrence of 2 n = 8 is now known from Japan and Australia as well as New Zealand. Novel chromosome numbers recorded for Japanese samples, 2 n = 16 and 17, making an aneuploid series, and 2 n = 10 and 20 for Australian species indicate independent polypoid events. There is some evidence that the plesiomorphic chromosome number for the complex is 2 n = 10. Both gene regions recovered the S. apogon complex as monophyletic but relationships within the complex were largely unresolved. We found no support for recognition of S. caespitans and S. yarrabensis or several putative species as distinct from S. apogon . We suggest approaches for testing these results, aiming at a robust estimate of phylogeny for the complex.

Impact of extreme rainstorm on the spatial distribution of population exposure in Haihe River basin in China - C. Cheng; X. Fang; S. Zhang; Y. Yu; S. Yang; Y. Li; J. Liu; C. Mei (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2026)
Based on daily rainfall data from 252 national meteorological stations in the Haihe River Basin of China during 1961–2023, rainstorm events were divided, and four characteristic variables representing the hazard index of rainstorms were statistically analyzed, including total number of rainstorm days ( I day ), cumulative rainfall ( I pre ), average daily rainfall ( I 24pre ), and maximum duration days ( I dur ). Combined with the 1 km gridded population density data of the basin, the population exposure ( PE ) during 1961–2023 under scenarios with and without the “23·7” extreme rainstorm was calculated using the product model of the rainstorm hazard index ( HR ) and exposed population. K-means clustering was adopted to analyze the impact of this rainstorm on the spatial distribution characteristics of watershed population exposure, and a quantitative assessment of the impact contribution rate ( PEC ) was provided. The results show that a single extreme rainstorm can cause changes in the spatial clustering of population exposure in nearly 1/3 of the districts and counties in the basin, and its contribution rate to rainstorm hazard index and population exposure can exceed 10%, which provides a scientific basis for the timely incorporation of typical extreme rainstorm cases and the updating of the flood control and drainage design assessment system as well as relevant codes and standards. The findings can also help optimize the layout of flood storage and detention areas, and provide references for the deployment and construction of X-band radars in areas along the front plain of the Taihang Mountains.

Storage timescales and the crystal growth history recorded in the layered reservoir of the Unit 3 Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uēkahuna Ash from Kīlauea volcano - Abigail R. Nalesnik; Kendra J. Lynn; Timothy R. Rose; Jessica M. Warren; Dawn C. S. Ruth; Kuan-Yu Lin; Donald A. Swanson (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2026)
The Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Unit 3 (900 C.E.) was a subplinian basaltic scoria eruption, the largest known to have occurred at Kīlauea’s summit. The initiation mechanism and cause(s) of this highly hazardous eruption remain poorly understood, particularly as this style of activity has not been observed in the modern period. We use olivine diffusion timescales from Fe-Mg and lithium zoning to assess magma storage timescales and evaluate evidence for mixing prior to eruption. Of the 200 crystals assessed, 55% are normally zoned for forsterite and 45% are non-zoned. Zoned crystals (> 1 mm) ( n = 96) have average compositions of Fo 89 cores and Fo 81 rims, while small crystals 0.5–1 mm ( n = 14) have Fo 85 cores and Fo 82 rims. Modeled Fo diffusion timescales range from n = 17), reflecting growth processes and precluding their use for diffusion studies. Overall, our Unit 3 olivine dataset displays no evidence of magmatic priming shortly prior to eruption, unlike prior observations for the basaltic subplinian eruption of the Keanakāko‘i Tephra Unit E (1650 C.E.). Thus, explosive eruption magmas may be stored for considerably longer than previously thought, and magmatic priming is not a necessary precursor for Kīlauea’s explosive eruptions. We hypothesize that gas-driven filter pressing from crystallization of microlites and macrocrysts in the reservoir slurry contributed to the explosivity of the Unit 3 eruption.

A Review of 35 Years in Developing Constitutive Models for the Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone Behavior - M. N. Vu; G. Armand; J. Talandier; C. Plua; M. Souley; J. F. Shao; Z. Yu; J. B. Colliat; J. Vaunat; A. Gens; S. Olivella; F. Collin; et al. (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2026)

A spatially discretized convolutional neural mass model for studying meso-scale spatio-temporal transformations in the rat hippocampus - Duy-Tan J. Pham; Gene J. Yu; Gianluca Lazzi; Jean-Marie C. Bouteiller (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2026)
The brain operates across multiple spatial and temporal scales, necessitating computationally efficient models that link micro-scale mechanisms to meso- and macro-scale dynamics. Here, we introduce a novel convolutional neural mass model (CNMM) that computes the meso-scale activity of spatially discretized neural populations (“neural masses") in the rat hippocampal CA3 subregion. The CNMM employs a kernel-based architecture, leveraging first-order Volterra expansions with Laguerre (temporal) and Chebyshev (spatial) basis functions to transform input spike densities from entorhinal cortex (EC), dentate gyrus (DG), and neighboring CA3 masses into output CA3 spike density. The model was trained and validated using data from a biophysically detailed large-scale mechanistic model (LSM) simulating exploratory behavior. The CNMM achieved high predictive accuracy for spike density across 32 neural masses spanning the entire extent of CA3 (mean correlation coefficient $$R = 0.951 ± 0.027$$ ) and replicated theta and beta oscillations consistent with experimental findings. When extended for forward modeling, the CNMM accurately predicted local field potentials (LFPs) at a single neural mass ( $$R = 0.952$$ ), demonstrating feasibility of this approach. Kernel analysis revealed topographic gradients in afferent integration, with DG inputs dominating proximally (CA3c) and associational connections distally (CA3a), aligning with anatomical gradients. Compared to the LSM, the CNMM provided a 658-fold speedup in simulation time, 322-fold reduction in memory usage, and 183-fold less disk space for LFP predictions. This framework offers a scalable, efficient approach for meso-scale modeling of neural tissue, bridging detailed simulations with empirical data and laying groundwork for future investigations into both normal and pathological brain function.

Stakeholder priorities dominate the evaluation of climate change impacts on ecosystem-service multifunctionality - Xin Jing; Hao Wang; Wei Xu; Xiaomin Fan; Lin Jiang; Yu Li; Zhiyuan Ma; Peter Manning; Nathan J. Sanders; Bernhard Schmid; Yunfeng Yang; Zhenhua Zhang; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2026)

Can DNA from wet, temperate soils be used for palaeoecological reconstruction? - Nick A. Cutler; Doreen Yu‐Tuan Huang; Richard T. Streeter; Andrew J. Dugmore (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2026)
Sedimentary ancient DNA in well‐dated contexts ( sed aDNA) has great potential as a palaeoecological proxy. A few studies have attempted palaeoecological reconstructions using sed aDNA from soil; these studies have been mainly restricted to cold and/or dry soils. The study of soils from wet, temperate locations has been limited due to uncertainties surrounding the longevity and mobility of DNA in these environments. We addressed this knowledge gap with a novel field experiment that (i) tracked the movement and longevity of ‘exotic’ DNA applied to a wet, temperate soil and (ii) compared extant plant community structure with recent (decades old) environmental DNA (eDNA) data extracted from shallow ( sed aDNA would be suitable as a palaeo‐proxy for vegetation in similar settings, albeit restricted to the most abundant taxa. Further work in more taxonomically and structurally diverse settings, preferably with different soil types, would be required to establish the broader use of soil sed aDNA as a palaeoecological proxy in wet, temperate soils.

Upscaling Shock Wave Electrodialysis for Scalable Deionization - Yu-I Lin; Po-Chih Tseng; Hyunook Kim; Yupo J Lin; Shu-Yuan Pan (Water Research, 2026)

Quantifying late Quaternary slip on the northern Yangsan Fault, Korea: implications for segment-scale variability in slip rate on a slowly deforming intraplate fault system - Taehyung Kim; Tae-Ho Lee; Jin-Hyuck Choi; Yire Choi; Youngbeom Cheon; Namgwon Kim; Changwan Sun; Yu Wang; J. Bruce H. Shyu; Hoil Lee (Tectonophysics, 2026)

Minutes-long soft X-ray prompt emission from a compact object merger - An Li; Chen-Wei Wang; Niccolò Passaleva; Jie An; Bin-Bin Zhang; Eleonora Troja; Yi-Han Iris Yin; Yuan Liu; Shao-Lin Xiong; Li-Ping Xin; Yi-Xuan Shao; Jun Yang; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2026)

Geomorphic evidence of late Quaternary fault activity of the Xainza Rift and the eastern segment of the Gyaring Co Fault, central Tibet - En-Wei Chang; Yu Wang; Yu-Ting Kuo; Ray J. Weldon; Yue-Gau Chen; Xiwei Xu (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2026)

Environmental and fecal DNA metabarcoding reveal complementary patterns of fish species composition and trophic interactions in a wetland ecosystem - David J. Kavana; Yuchen Wang; Guocan Zhang; Siqin He; Bing Yu (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2026)

The spatiotemporal distributions of global paleo-Köppen climate zones during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic - Chenmin Yu; Daniel J. Lunt; Laiming Zhang; Linshu Hu; Chengshan Wang (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Proteomic comparison of human neural cell-derived extracellular vesicles and parental cells from Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal individuals - Jia-Yan Xin; Jie Liu; Hao-Min Dong; Hai-Lun Yu; Zhong-Song Xiao; Jian-Ni Hu; Qiu Jiang; Yu-Peng Zhu; Lin Feng; Yun Feng; Yu-Juan Jia; Zi-Yu Yuan; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2026)

Genome-wide analysis of subcortical aging identifies a spatially structured pattern of genetic associations - Nicholas J. Kim; Ayati Mishra; Jeremy S. Yu; Owen M. Vega; Nikhil N. Chaudhari; Fangyun C. Liu; Andrei Irimia (GeroScience, 2026)
Local brain age (LBA) is a spatially resolved biomarker of brain aging that captures regional deviations from chronological age, yet its genetic architecture in the subcortex remains unexplored. Here, we present the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of subcortical LBA, estimated using a deep neural network applied to T1-weighted MRI scans from 41,957 cognitively normal participants in the UK Biobank. We computed LBA across 14 subcortical structures and identified 14 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across nine independent loci. These variants map to genes involved in cellular homeostasis, gene regulation, and synaptic and developmental signaling. A prominent signal emerged at the 17q21.31 haplotype, encompassing MAPT -related regulatory architecture, with significant associations across all subcortical regions. Across loci, we observed a recurring spatial pattern in which effect sizes are relatively larger in metabolically central structures such as the pallidum and thalamus compared to limbic regions. Together, these findings support a spatially structured pattern of genetic associations in subcortical brain aging. This work supports subcortical LBA as a genetically informed phenotype and provides a framework for linking common genetic variation to region-specific vulnerability and resilience in neurodegenerative disease.

Optimizing anaerobic Co-digestion of antibiotic fermentation residue and sludge with iron nanoparticles: Impacts on methane production, microbial dynamics, and biocompatibility - Qianqian Zhang; Yu Yang; Li-an Hou; Nigel J. D. Graham; Yaobin Zhang; How Yong Ng (ENGINEERING Environment, 2026)

The future of the small blue butterfly (Cupido minimus) in Scotland - Zhilin Yu; Andrew J. Dugmore (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2026)
Climate change is reshaping species distributions and habitat suitability, presenting particular challenges for habitat-specialist species with limited dispersal ability and strong ecological dependencies. The small blue butterfly ( Cupido minimus ) is a habitat-specialist that is rare and localised in Scotland, where it relies on kidney vetch ( Anthyllis vulneraria ) as its sole larval host plant. This study uses MaxEnt-based integrative species distribution modelling to assess how climate change may affect future habitat suitability for the small blue in Scotland, while incorporating environmental predictors and host-plant suitability, with a post-model assessment of coastal erosion risk. The results suggest that suitable habitat for small blue is likely to shift inland under future high-emission climate scenarios, with substantial declines in coastal suitability by the late 21st century. Climate-driven shifts in habitat may create a mismatch between the location of environmentally-favourable areas, host-plant availability, and existing populations. For coastal populations, rising sea levels and shoreline erosion may further reduce or fragment the narrow strips of grassland and dune habitats on which the small blue depends. Including non-climatic and biotic predictors helped produce more ecologically constrained projections, while more complex models may reduce the relative contribution of key climatic variables. Implications for insect conservation This study demonstrates how combining climate, biotic, and coastal-change information can support spatially explicit conservation planning for coastal populations of threatened insects. Forward planning for the conservation of the small blue will be required as potential inland habitat expansions, whilst providing a lifeline for this butterfly, are uncertain and may depend on kidney vetch availability, habitat connectivity and successful colonisation. For the small blue butterfly, adaptive conservation strategies in response to shifting habitats will be essential to support its long-term persistence.

Phosphate modulates elemental and macromolecular composition of unicellular nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria - Sing‐how Tuo; Ying‐Yu Hu; Andrew J. Irwin; Michael J. Follows; Zoe V. Finkel (Limnology and Oceanography, 2026)
The C : N : P of nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria regulates phosphate‐limited nitrogen fixation in the ocean yet the causes and range in variation C : N : P is not well constrained. Here we quantify the C : N : P and underlying macromolecular composition of Crocosphaera . Crocosphaera is a nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium that substantively contributes to elemental biogeochemistry in the (sub)tropical oceans. We observed variation in C : N : P and macromolecular composition over the photoperiod, across two different sized phenotypes and with phosphate concentration. In both phenotypes, C : N is ~ 1.3‐fold higher in the day than the night due to increasing carbohydrate in the smaller phenotype and increasing lipid in the larger phenotype during the day and increasing protein in both phenotypes at night. Detectable levels of surface adsorbed phosphorus were only observed at night. The two sized phenotypes differed in macromolecular allocation: the smaller phenotype had a higher proportion of carbon to DNA, RNA, and chlorophyll a while the larger phenotype was higher in lipids relative to carbohydrates. The largest variation in C : N : P arose with changes in phosphate concentration. Decreasing phosphate in the media from 50 to 0.5 μ M induced a 27‐fold decrease in cellular P, increasing molar N : P from ~ 2 to between 41 and 64 and C : P from ~ 15 to between 335 and 484 across the phenotypes. Much of these changes can be attributed to changes in polyphosphate content and secondarily DNA content. The accumulation and storage of polyphosphate under higher phosphate concentrations could temporarily increase Crocosphaera 's capacity to fix nitrogen when phosphate is scarce.

Aerenchyma optimization enhances nitrate-ammonium synergism in rice - Zhenglun Yu; Herbert J. Kronzucker; Lingjia Liang; Weiming Shi; Yilin Li (Plant and Soil, 2026)

From coast to coast: Understanding electric vehicle adoption across Canadian regions - Mwendwa Kiko; Jiaxin Zhang; Yu Zhang; Eric J. Miller (Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2026)

Harnessing cover crop–rock weathering synergies for climate-smart agriculture - Tianyi Qiu; Jay Ram Lamichhane; David J. Beerling; Sara Vicca; Yu Shi; Jordi Sardans; Zhiyuan Xu; Wenfeng Tan; Thomas C. Wanger; Pete Smith; Josep Peñuelas; Linchuan Fang (Trends in Plant Science, 2026)

Molecular typing, biofilm characteristics and biofilm-targeted inhibition strategies of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from donkey endometritis - S. Ma; T. Luo; Y. Zheng; Y. Wang; J. Yu; H. Qu; B. Liu; T. Wang; C. Wu; Y. Zhu; X. Bai; Z. Wang; et al. (Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2026)

Heavy tungsten isotopes in sulfidic seep sediments linked to carbonate precipitation - Xiaoming Miao; Jiangong Wei; Davide Oppo; Xiting Liu; Jingrui Li; Hangyu Nan; Xi Yu; Ziyao Fang; Zhiwei He; Jiangtao Li; Hongxiang Guan; Nengyou Wu; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2026)

Metabolomic profiling and identification of flavonoids related compounds in peanut seed oils for inhibition of aspergillus flavus growth - Lingling Wu; Weinan Xu; Xinyang Wang; Muhammad J. Umer; Weicai Jin; Zhihui Sun; Shaoxiong Li; Yanbin Hong; Rajeev K. Varshney; Lu Huang; Runfeng Wang; Qianxia Yu; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2026)

Ecology of freshwater mussels, ecosystem engineers: a global review with focus on Hyriidae - Michelle J. Hobbs; Songyan Yu; Mark J. Kennard; Fran Sheldon (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2026)
Freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) are widespread across intermittent to perennial waterbodies on every continent except Antarctica. Their aquatic ecosystem roles span filtration, nutrient cycling, linking food webs, and habitat provision. They alter energy exchange between water column and sediments and enhance benthic productivity, which has led to them being described as ‘ecosystem engineers.’ They are also a significant food and cultural resource to many communities globally. Freshwater mussels are threatened by climate change and anthropogenic alteration of aquatic ecosystems, undergoing drastic population declines and at least 21 species extinctions. It remains uncertain how the decline of this important invertebrate filter feeder may affect aquatic ecosystems. We conducted a broad examination of the literature using a text mining and topic modelling approach to identify key research themes within freshwater mussel ecology, knowledge gaps and areas of taxonomic and geographical bias. Our current understanding of freshwater mussels as ecosystem engineers draws heavily from studies on taxa from North America and Europe, namely Unionidae and Margaritiferidae. However, our case study on Hyriidae, which inhabit Australasia and South America, found compelling evidence that Hyriid mussels also function as ecosystem engineers. They are powerful filter feeders, modulate water quality, alter planktonic and benthic community composition and productivity, and add physical structure to habitats. They exhibit remarkable flexibility in diet and habitat, leaving many questions on ecological roles in different contexts. Managing aquatic systems to benefit freshwater mussels would be an important step to safeguard populations and associated ecosystem benefits, particularly in Australia and other regions where mussels have infrequently been considered.

Food structure-mediated stomach-brain neural signaling controls gastric emptying - Hongi Shi; Peter J. Wilde; Heng Yu; Jianzhong Han; Weilin Liu (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2026)

Meta-Analysis and Physiologically-Based Modeling of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexamethasone in Horses - Ruihong Yu; Pierre-Louis Toutain; Carl Ekstrand; William J. Jusko (Pharmaceutical Research, 2026)
Purpose Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used in equine practice for its potent anti-inflammatory effects and diverse studies have examined its pharmacology in horses. We integrated all available pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data from 12 studies to quantify DEX disposition and endocrine effects in horses. Methods DEX concentrations in blood, urine and synovial fluid, plus cortisol (CTS) and glucose (GLU) in plasma, following various administration routes (intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), intra-articular, oral) were available from original studies or digitized from literature. A minimal physiologically-based PK model and linked indirect response PD models were applied. Results The mean clearance of DEX was 344 mL/h/kg via hepatic metabolism (98%) and renal excretion (2%). Due to nonlinear tissue binding, DEX generally exhibited a prolonged terminal phase in plasma, maintaining concentrations above a designated plasma threshold of 5 pg/mL for 67 h following 0.05 mg/kg IV dose. Dosing input parameters of DEX varied markedly across dosing routes and prodrug formulations (alcohol, isonicotinate, phosphate), with bioavailability ranging 37 ~ 100%. Oral and pro-drug doses produced rapid absorption, except for IM DEX-isonicotinate that exhibited slow (flip-flop) availability. Adrenal suppression with an IC 50 of 0.038 ng/mL and plasma GLU increases with an EC 50 of 0.79 ng/mL were observed that commonly persisted for 2 ~ 4 days after single dose. Conclusions This meta-analysis utilized a mechanistic and physiologically-based modeling framework to provide global perspectives that may promote the rational use of DEX in equine medicine and support evidence-based regulatory decisions.

Habitat segregation and rare hybridization between Gasterosteus aculeatus and Gasterosteus nipponicus around the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea - Yu Endo; Atsushi J. Nagano; Dmitry Lajus; Yo Y. Yamasaki; Jun Kitano (Ichthyological Research, 2026)
Understanding how genetic differentiation is maintained between closely related species with overlapping habitats is a central question in evolutionary biology. The sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and Gasterosteus nipponicus occur in sympatry with reproductive isolation on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido Island. However, their distributions and hybridization patterns in more northern regions remain largely elusive. Here, we analyzed species distributions and hybrid occurrences in Sakhalin, the Northern Territories, the Kuril Islands, the Pacific and Okhotsk coasts of Kamchatka, Chukotka, and the open Bering Sea using genome-wide nucleotide variant data. We found that G. nipponicus is largely restricted to Sakhalin, while G. aculeatus predominates in other regions, with only rare hybrids detected. These findings indicate largely allopatric distributions around the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. These allopatric populations provide valuable opportunities for comparing patterns of genetic differentiation and phenotypic divergence between allopatric and sympatric species pairs.

Precision measurement of the Ds*+-Ds+ meson mass difference - M. Ablikim; M.N. Achasov; P. Adlarson; X.C. Ai; R. Aliberti; A. Amoroso; Q. An; Y. Bai; O. Bakina; Y. Ban; H.-R. Bao; V. Batozskaya; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2026)

Chronological assessments of Quina Neanderthals at De Nadale cave (Italy) using combined uranium-series/electron spin resonance dating of fossil teeth - Wenjing Yu; Lee J. Arnold; Martina Demuro; Davide Delpiano; Alessandra Livraghi; Renaud Joannes-Boyau; Marco Peresani (Journal of Human Evolution, 2026)

Earliest centripetal flaking system in eastern Eurasia reveals human behavioral complexity in late Middle Pleistocene China - Yu-chao Zhao; Zhan-yang Li; Hai-wei Zhang; Xin-ya Shao; Hao-hong Cai; Ying Cui; Ya-Nan Li; Hai Cheng; Zhe Hou; Christopher J. Bae; Brian A. Stewart (Journal of Human Evolution, 2026)

Stomatal width and vascular bundle anatomy govern foliar uptake and phloem transport of atmospheric Pb in wheat - Liu-Xu Feng; Xiang-Yu Li; Pei-Pei Gao; Yan Li; Gui-Li Hua; Ding-Hao Li; Li-Ping Geng; Xiao-Min Wang; Hong-J. Di; Wen-Ju Liu; Pei-Ying Xue (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2026)

Climate signals in coral lipids: Temperature-driven variations in lipid distribution and δ13C of fatty acids - Yi Song; Jianrong Huang; Kefu Yu; Thomas J. Algeo; Xianyu Huang; Huan Yang; Jiabao Wang; Mingsi Zang; Yingzhao Wang (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2026)

Deciphering carbon-water trade-offs between plantations and natural forests in tibet through an ecological spatial network perspective - X. Wang; Qiang Yu; J. Lu; Tianbao Zhan; Z. Sun; Jinling Ma; Wangjian Zhou (Forest Ecology and Management, 2026)

The ongoing journey of modelling intercropping systems: A conceptual resource sharing intercomparison from model developers and expert users - Adam Muhammad Adam; Myriam Adam; Folkard Asch; Kenneth J Boote; Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo; Mathias Christina; Marc Corbeels; Antoine Couëdel; Mathilde De Freitas; Tomas Della Chiesa; Frank Ewert; Gatien N Falconnier; et al. (Field Crops Research, 2026)

Exploring molecular-level rolling friction based on cyclodextrins for lubrication - Jiao Wang; Hao Cao; Wei You; Ding Xiao; Lan Sheng; Yuan Wang; Honggang Mei; Qing Bi; Xuedong Xiao; Yuping Wang; Guangfeng Li; Chenchen Wang; et al. (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2026)

Host analysis-guided selection and targeted engineering (HASTE) of Lipomyces tetrasporus for the conversion of CO2-derived feedstocks - Zhengyang Xiao; Jeffrey J. Czajka; Jasmin Alvarez; Ying Yu; Zhaoxi Wang; Ziyu Dai; Shuang Deng; Teresa Lemmon; Marie Swita; Sumant Pandey; Jie Dong; Feng Jiao; et al. (Bioresource Technology, 2026)

Water-in-oil emulsion fermentation as a platform for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) production from hydrophobic feedstocks - Wen-Hsuan Tsung; Wei-Shu Huang; Yu-Hsiang He; Anthony J. Sinskey; Si-Yu Li (Bioresource Technology, 2026)

Middle Jurassic Theropod Tracks from the Wenda Tracksite (Eastern Xizang, China) - Yangui Li; He Zhao; William J. Foster; Yue Yu; Quansheng Cai; Zhihui An; Chuanshang Wang; Yongheng Sang; Huazhou Yao (Journal of Earth Science, 2026)

Prediction of Adverse effects of Geomagnetic storms and Energetic Radiation (PAGER) project - Yuri Y. Shprits; Tony Arber; Michael Liemohn; Ondřej Santolík; Keith Bennett; Stefano Bianco; Melanie Burns; Angelica Castillo; Marina García Peñaranda; Bernhard Haas; Julia Himmelsbach; Artem Smirnov; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2026)

Effect of water soaking on the hardness and hardness anisotropy of argillaceous, kerogen-rich, and calcite-rich shales - Raj Patel; Marcus H. Hansen; Camilo J. Sanchez Avellaneda; Jeong-Yeon Yu; Hejian Zhu; Youjun Deng; Kelvin Y. Xie (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2026)

Investigating Pathogenicity and the Virulence Genes txtAB, nec1, and tomA in Streptomyces Isolates from Wisconsin Potato Systems - Bryan J. Webster; Yu Chen; Amanda J. Gevens (American Journal of Potato Research, 2026)

Hepatic IFRD1 suppresses metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease via GLUD1/α-KG axis - Mengya Geng; Fanzheng Meng; Hairui Li; Lijie Sun; Xuedan Sun; Yu Ding; Rongdongqing Shi; Zhihua Wang; Yabin Huang; Jizhou Wang; Yao Liu; Jiabei Wang; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2026)

Phage-based suppression of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance: A promising approach for antimicrobial stewardship - Yan-Zi Wang; Hu Li; Bei-Ning Xue; Xiao-Xu Zhao; Yu Rao; Sha Zhao; Kiandro J. Fortuna; Mao Ye; Jian-Qiang Su (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2026)

Source-specific short-term-ozone exposure and specific cancer mortality risk: A multi-country study in 11,215 communities - Pei Yu; Rongbin Xu; Wenzhong Huang; Yanming Liu; Zhengyu Yang; Michael J. Abramson; Eric Lavigne; Simon Hales; Lidia Morawska; Paulo H.N. Saldiva; Fay H. Johnston; Luke Knibbs; et al. (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2026)

MFC 5.0: An exascale many-physics flow solver - Benjamin Wilfong; Henry A. Le Berre; Anand Radhakrishnan; Ansh Gupta; Daniel J. Vickers; Diego Vaca-Revelo; Dimitrios Adam; Haocheng Yu; Hyeoksu Lee; Jose Rodolfo Chreim; Mirelys Carcana Barbosa; Yanjun Zhang; et al. (Computer Physics Communications, 2026)

Balancing the activity–stability trade-off via catalyst–support interface lattice oxygen sharing for acidic OER - Ming Gong; Dongxu Jiao; Qiwen Su; Dewen Wang; Jinchang Fan; Lei Zhang; Xiaoxin Zou; Dantong Zhang; David J. Singh; Yong-Wei Zhang; Zhi Gen Yu; Weitao Zheng; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

NAD+ depletion transdifferentiates the gastric stem cells to intestinal goblet cells in patient-derived gastric organoids - Bin Liu; Xiaoyang Zhang; Xia Xue; Fazhan Li; Feifei Ren; Ihtisham Bukhari; Baitong Hu; Xiangdong Sun; Bo Zhang; Yong Yu; Quan Zheng; Wanqing Wu; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Chronic ethanol exposure reduces resting state functional connectivity and regional synchrony in male rats - Elizabeth J. Crofton; Sung-Ho Lee; Woomi Ban; Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang; Yen-Yu Ian Shih; A. Leslie Morrow; Melissa A. Herman (Psychopharmacology, 2026)

Alternaria and Stemphylium species associated with leaf blight and fruit rot of field-grown tomatoes in Australia - Hanyue Feng; Andraws Jones; Eden J. Tongson; Paul W. J. Taylor; Yu Pei Tan; Roger G. Shivas; Niloofar Vaghefi (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2026)

Future humidex extremes over North America: projections and uncertainties from the CanESM5 large ensemble - Bin Yu; Alex J. Cannon; Dae Il. Jeong (Climate Dynamics, 2026)
Extreme heat poses growing risks to human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure under global warming. While most studies emphasize air temperature, the humidex, which combines temperature and humidity, better captures human-perceived heat stress. This study assesses historical and projected changes in the 95th percentile of daily humidex (HX95) across North America using ERA5 reanalysis and the Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) single-model initial-condition large ensemble. By integrating observations with climate simulations under multiple emission scenarios, we quantify externally forced changes and uncertainties from internal variability. Results reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with HX95 highest in the southern U.S. and Mexico and lowest in northern and mountainous regions. At 2 °C and 3.5 °C of global warming above the pre-industrial level, North American mean HX95 rises by about 2.6 and 5.8 units, respectively, relative to 1995–2014, with widespread expansion of areas exceeding hazardous thresholds. Responses are robust and only weakly dependent on emission scenario, as inter-scenario differences remain small at fixed warming levels. Increases stem from higher temperatures, enhanced moisture, and poleward circulation shifts. Internal variability contributes substantially to regional uncertainty, particularly in northern North America, but externally forced changes dominate, with signal-to-noise ratios above 3 at 2 °C and 6 at 3.5 °C. Overall, humidex extremes are projected to intensify and migrate poleward with continued global warming. Limiting warming to 2 °C rather than 3.5 °C would significantly reduce exposure to dangerous heat, underscoring the urgency of mitigation and adaptation.

Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegeneration - Nikhil N. Chaudhari; Owen M. Vega; Phoebe Imms; Jaron M. Kawamura; Nahian F. Chowdhury; Tamara Jafar; Andrei Irimia; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can find aging-related structural alterations above and beyond cortical thickness and atrophy. Using a novel approach to DNN interpretability, we mapped brain aging progression in 25,539 cognitively normal UK Biobank adults aged 45–83 years. Cortical aging is found to involve anatomic features becoming prominent during the 50s within frontolateral, mesolimbic, cuneal, and occipitotemporal regions. From these foci, aging-related features propagate to adjacent areas at rates peaking in the 60s. Cortical thinning and atrophy do not trend closely with neurodegeneration, but important DNN-identifiable anatomic features have spatiotemporal dynamics that match those of amyloid or tau. Our results challenge the assumption that MRI cannot map anatomic features trending with neurodegeneration. Interpretable DNNs can empower MRI to quantify anatomic aging as a process of spatial feature expansion from focal regions into nearby structures in the sequence of neurodegenerative pathology. Traditional morphometrics explain only ∼1% of variance in DNN-identifiable features, which clarifies why the former are insensitive to anatomic changes involving neurodegeneration. Our results conceptualize brain aging in the context of spatial and temporal parallels between anatomic senescence and neuropathology. These findings may help to map cognitively normal adults’ neurodegenerative anatomy even without PET measurements. Graphical Abstract

Sex-specific associations of low-level urinary albumin-creatinine ratio with mortality and adverse cardiac events in older adults - Cammie Tran; Rowan G. Walker; Hans G. Schneider; Que T. Lam; Chenglong Yu; Zhen Zhou; Flavia Cicuttini; Sultana Monira Hussain; Paul Lacaze; John J. McNeil (GeroScience, 2026)
Albuminuria is traditionally defined using fixed urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) thresholds, although cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been reported to increase continuously across the UACR spectrum. Whether these associations are present in healthy older adults and differ by sex remains unclear. We examined sex-specific associations between low-level UACR, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with preserved kidney function. From the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study, we included 5396 males and 6305 females aged ≥ 70 years with baseline UACR and eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ). Sex-stratified Cox models examined associations between UACR quintiles (Q) and mortality, CVD, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and stroke, using Q1 as reference. Over a median follow-up of 8.3–8.6 years, increasing UACR was associated with progressively higher risk of all-cause mortality in both sexes, despite most values being below the guideline thresholds. Mortality risk reached statistical significance for males from Q4 (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.18–1.77) and females from Q2 (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04–1.71). Males also had a statistically significant increase in CVD from Q4 (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.70) and MACE and stroke in Q5 (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.25–2.07 and HR 1.96; 95%CI 1.38–1.78). Despite an increasing trend in females, adverse cardiovascular outcomes did not reach significance. UACR levels below guideline thresholds were associated with all-cause mortality in both sexes, with increased cardiovascular disease predominately observed in men. These findings support a continuous relationship between UACR and risk and suggest that even low-level albuminuria may have prognostic significance in healthy older adults.

Correlates of pregnant women’s active and passive mobility: A smartphone-based tracking study in Barcelona, Spain - Karl Samuelsson; Ioar Rivas; Marta Cirach; Bruno Raimbault; Alan Domínguez; Yu Zhao; Toni Galmés; Antònia Valentin; Maria Foraster; Mireia Gascon; Cecilia Persavento; Maria Dolores Gomez Roig; et al. (Travel Behaviour and Society, 2026)

Singlet oxygen-dominated dye degradation by cobalt-functionalized ceramic hollow fiber membrane via peroxymonosulfate activation - Li Zeng; Hanbin Wu; Yiyang Xu; J. Paul Chen; Yiqiao Xie; Yang Yu (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2026)

Storylines for the 1997 New Year’s Flood: The role of watershed antecedent conditions and future warming in shaping discharge in the Truckee River watershed - Guo Yu; Alan M. Rhoades; Christine M. Albano; Julianne J. Miller; Mariana J. Webb; Travis Dahl; Ian Floyd (Journal of Hydrology, 2026)

Contrasting behaviour of the marine- and land-based portions of the Lambert Glacier system in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica during the late Quaternary - Li Wu; David J. Wilson; Rujian Wang; Wenshen Xiao; Xun Yu; Chuang Bao; Bin Yan (Global and Planetary Change, 2026)

Astronomically tuned chronostratigraphy of an Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic lacustrine succession in Southwest China - Qian He; Haotian Zhang; Stephen P. Hesselbo; Sofie Lindström; Sev Kender; Christian J. Bjerrum; Mingsong Li; Jianxin Yu; Yongdong Wang; Thomas J. Algeo; Yong Lei; Jun Shen (Global and Planetary Change, 2026)

Serum PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and PCAs: Associations with metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Flemish Gut Flora Project cohort - Adam Cseresznye; Fatima den Ouden; Yu Ait Bamai; Liesa Engelen; Elias Maris; Ellen De Paepe; Giulia Poma; Muriel Derrien; Arnau Vich Vila; Sebastian Proost; Lindsey de Commer; Chloe Verspecht; et al. (Environmental Research, 2026)

Corrigendum to “Isotope effects (Cl, O, C) of heterogeneous electrochemistry induced by Martian dust activities” [Earth and Planetary Science Letters 676 (2026) 119784] - Neil C. Sturchio; Hao Yan; Alian Wang; W. Andrew Jackson; Huiming Bao; Chuck Y.C. Yan; Linnea J. Heraty; Yu Wei; Quincy H.K. Qu; Kevin S. Olsen (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

N-Acetylcysteine Dose and Treatment Duration in High-Risk Acetaminophen Ingestions Treated Within Eight Hours: A Retrospective Cohort Study - C. James Watson; Michael D. Simpson; Nishita Saraiya; Christopher A. Wilkosz; Michael B. Yu; Michele M. Burns; Mark J. Neavyn; Karen E. Simone; Tania D. Strout (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2026)
Introduction Toxicologists may use high dose n-acetylcysteine (HD-NAC) for early-treated high-risk acetaminophen ingestions (EHRAI) given concerns over standard NAC (S-NAC) dosing’s efficacy. We utilize the novel, clinically relevant outcome of mean additional 16-hour NAC maintenance infusions (NMI) to evaluate differences in treatment duration for EHRAI patients treated with S-NAC versus HD-NAC. Methods Retrospective multistate poison center study from 1/1/2019-7/4/2024 of patients ≥ 13-years-old who were treated with S-NAC or HD-NAC within eight hours of a high-risk acetaminophen ingestion. The primary outcome was mean additional NMI. Secondary outcomes were NAC infusion duration, hepatotoxicity, coagulopathy, transplant, and death. Sensitivity analyses evaluated for robustness of findings. Results Of 127 included cases, 52.0% (66/127) received HD-NAC. 7.1% (9/127) had anti-peristaltic co-ingestions. HD-NAC cases received more fomepizole (23.1% versus 1.6%; difference 21.1%). Acetaminophen concentrations controlled for time since ingestion were similar (mean acetaminophen ratio for HD-NAC: 2.7, IQR: 2.3, 3.3 versus S-NAC: 2.4, IQR: 2.2, 2.7; difference − 0.3). 26.0% (33/127) received NMI solely for residual detectable serum acetaminophen. There was no difference in mean additional NMI (HD-NAC: 0.53 versus S-NAC: 0.38; p = 0.240). Median NAC infusion durations were equal across groups (21.0; IQR: 21.0, 37.0; difference 0.0) ( p = 0.137). One patient per group developed hepatotoxicity; there were no transplants or deaths. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions We found no difference in mean NMI for EHRAI based on NAC dose. These findings support additional NMI as an objective, common, clinically relevant outcome for acetaminophen toxicity research.

Atmospheric circulation and moisture budget drivers of dominant modes of winter extreme precipitation variability over North America - Dae Il Jeong; Bin Yu; Alex J. Cannon (Climate Dynamics, 2026)
Multi-day winter precipitation events can trigger hazards like flooding and landslides. This study identifies dominant modes of variability—and large-scale dynamical, thermodynamical, and moisture budget drivers—of monthly maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation extremes (Rx5day) across North America (NA) during extended winter months (November–March, 1961–2023). Three dominant modes of Rx5day variability, collectively accounting for 30.7% of total variance, are identified from two global reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and JRA-55) using common Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. Distinct positive and negative anomaly centers are found across western and eastern NA. The three modes are primarily driven by large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies, extending from the North Pacific across NA to the North Atlantic, and atmospheric moisture anomalies, particularly wind-driven moisture transport concentrated in the lower troposphere (surface to ~ 500 hPa). This is reflected in anomalous westerly and southerly flows bringing moisture from the Pacific into western NA and from the Gulf of Mexico into southeastern NA, where upward motion and deep tropospheric moisture columns enhance extreme precipitation. Moisture budget analysis reveals that moisture flux convergence primarily supplies moisture for these extreme events, with local evaporation playing a minor role. Specifically, convergence of mean moisture by transient winds emerges as the primary driver of extreme precipitation variability, with its contribution often exceeding that of total moisture flux convergence. Moisture budget components at 850 hPa closely reflect their vertically integrated counterparts, indicating the pivotal role of the lower troposphere in large-scale moisture transport and convergence processes for extreme precipitation.

The Product User’s Experience of Circular Economy Behaviors: An Interdisciplinary Delphi-Validated Model - Sahra Svensson-Hoglund; M. Joseph Sirgy; Jennifer D. Russell; Vicki J. Little; Alexandra Ganglmair-Wooliscroft; Dave Webb; Ben Wooliscroft; Ahmet Ekici; Grace B. Yu (Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2026)
Adoption of Circular Economy (CE) behaviors, such as repair and sharing, remains slow, often due to high costs, inconvenience, limited rewards, or social undesirability. Accelerating the sustainability transition requires that consumers, or product users, experience these behaviors as predominantly positive. To address the lack of a comprehensive framework for understanding such experiences, this paper introduces the Product User’s Experience of CE Behaviors (PUxCEB) Model, developed for durable consumer goods (e.g., clothing and electronics). It is validated through an interdisciplinary Delphi study with two expert groups in CE and Sufficiency, and Consumer Studies and Macromarketing. The Model identifies eight experiential areas: effort, financial, functional, task immersion, aesthetics, social interaction, social status, and moral alignment. Within these areas, the Model captures potential frictions (e.g., costs) and rewards (e.g., gains). It further classifies contextual variables within the experience into four types: mediators (i.e., directly causing effects, such as social status rewards), moderators (i.e., amplifying or reducing effects), determinants (i.e., generating variables), and qualifiers (i.e., determining the salience of variables, based on socio-cultural meanings). The scientific contribution consists of how the Model separates and organizes variables, highlighting the importance of moderators, resource allocation (i.e., time, effort, and money), and the creation of synergies across the experiential areas. In practice, it provides policymakers, businesses, and community organizations with a holistic mapping tool for assessing current, and designing new, initiatives (e.g., policies and business offerings) in which rewards exceeds the frictions, thus ensuring positive experiences of CE behaviors. Directions for future research are proposed to refine the model.

Census tract-level socioeconomic variables and breast cancer characteristics and outcomes in California and New York State - Margaret Gates Kuliszewski; Baozhen Qiao; Mandi Yu; Maria J. Schymura; Tabassum Insaf (Cancer Causes & Control, 2026)
Purpose Synthetic census tracts can allow for release of small area cancer data without compromising patient confidentiality. We used synthetic and actual census tract data for California and actual data for New York State (NYS) to examine associations of small area socioeconomic factors with breast cancer prognosis and outcomes and to evaluate results obtained from synthetic versus actual data. Methods We retrieved data on invasive, first primary breast cancers diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 in females ages ≥ 18 in California ( n = 237,156) or NYS ( n = 149,789). We categorized into quintiles census tract-level exposures and used multivariable-adjusted multilevel logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to examine associations with stage, grade, subtype, and overall and cancer-specific survival. We conducted separate analyses for California and NYS and compared results from the two states and from synthetic and actual data for California. Results Except for income inequality, greater disadvantage for each socioeconomic variable was statistically significantly associated with more advanced stage, higher grade, higher-risk subtypes, and poorer survival in both states. Synthetic and actual results for California were consistent in direction and statistical significance, but the synthetic data tended to overestimate associations with stage and underestimate associations with grade, subtype, and survival. Conclusion Our results indicate that residence in more disadvantaged census tracts is associated with poorer breast cancer prognosis and outcomes. Associations were similar across two large, diverse states, and synthetic results approximated actual results for California. Additional work is needed to improve early diagnosis, care, and outcomes for individuals with breast cancer in disadvantaged areas.

Precipitation variability interacts with mean precipitation to restructure a semiarid grassland community - Jennifer A. Rudgers; Laureano A. Gherardi; Purbendra Yogi; Melissa Bacigalupa; Tom E. X. Miller; Jacob J. Blais; Lana Bolin; Scott L. Collins; Enqing Hou; Yiqi Luo; Javier O. Morales; William T. Pockman; et al. (Ecology, 2026)
Climate forecasts project change not only in the mean of climate variables but also in their variance. If these dual changes interact, then future ecological dynamics will be difficult to predict using current experimental approaches, which typically change the mean or impose a single extreme event, such as drought. We designed a new field experiment to factorially reduce mean precipitation and increase its interannual variability. Across 4 years, drier, more variable precipitation additively reduced aboveground primary productivity by 48%–69% and interactively reduced the dominant plant species, but had no effect on the plant species predicted to dominate in the future, which could lead to state transition. Drier, more variable precipitation also interactively reduced biodiversity more than either climate factor alone, with 37%–42% fewer plant species than under ambient conditions, a pattern that matched declining richness during the past 20 years of ongoing climate change. Drier, more variable precipitation restructured the composition and spatiotemporal variation of the plant community. Altered precipitation mean or variance affected 14% of plant species, with eight species sensitive to the mean × variance interaction. Results suggest that future forecasts of plant community structure may be inadequate if they fail to incorporate climate mean × variance interactions.

Synergistic dual-pathway activation of peroxymonosulfate via topochemically engineered A-site deficient BaMnO3 perovskite for advanced water decontamination - Yu Shen; Verónica Blanco-Gutiérrez; Giulio Gorni; Maria J. Sampaio; Adrián M.T. Silva; Ana R. Lado Ribeiro; Jingqing Gao; Antonio J. Dos santos-García (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2026)

Urinary cotinine cut-offs for tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and associations with child intelligence quotient: A multi-cohort analysis - Yu Ni; Logan C. Dearborn; Adam A. Szpiro; Christine T. Loftus; Qi Zhao; Nicole R. Bush; Kaja Z. LeWinn; Marnie F. Hazlehurst; Thomas F. Northrup; Penelope J.E. Quintana; Eunha Hoh; Georg Matt; et al. (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2026)

Pre- and postnatal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and blood pressure in children: Results from the ECHO Cohort - Yu Ni; Andrew Law; Xingyu Gao; Adam A. Szpiro; Christine T. Loftus; Miranda Jones; Logan C. Dearborn; Marnie F. Hazlehurst; Allison R. Sherris; Sindana Ilango; Kaja Z. LeWinn; Nicole R. Bush; et al. (Environmental Research, 2026)

Racial and ethnic disparities in environmental chemical exposures and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The ECHO-wide cohort study - Hongxiu Liu; Amii M. Kress; Emma X. Yu; Xuejuan Ning; Akhgar Ghassabian; Linda G. Kahn; Shilpi Mehta-Lee; Sara Brubaker; Akram Alshawabkeh; John Meeker; Carlos A. Camargo; Shakira F. Suglia; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2026)

A novel approach to balancing stakeholder interests in construction waste landfill charges for advancing a circular economy - B. Yu; S. Zhang; Y. Yang; K. S. Woon; C. T. Lee; J. Wang; Y. Su; Z. Bao (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2026)
Landfill charging schemes effectively reduce construction and demolition waste (C&DW) sent to landfills, advancing the global circular economy. Their success, however, depends on scientifically sound charging standards. Current methods for setting landfill charges largely rely on waste generators’ willingness to pay, with little consideration for landfill operators’ interests. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel, stakeholder-inclusive approach to develop waste landfill charging standards. Distinct from methods centered on willingness to pay, this approach integrates both generators’ cost considerations and operators’ revenue needs, alongside market realities (e.g., costs of alternative disposal facilities, transportation expenses). It comprises four progressive steps: (1) identifying the generation area and specific locations of the C&DW to be landfilled; (2) calculating the total disposal costs at alternative facilities; (3) estimating transportation costs from waste sources to the target landfill; (4) determining the final charging standard by balancing cost-efficiency for generators and operational sustainability for operators. Validated through a case study of the Litoushan Landfill in Shenzhen, China, the approach yielded an optimal charging standard ranging from CNY 106 to CNY 112/m 3 . This method provides a valuable, and actionable reference for policymakers worldwide to establish evidence-based C&DW landfill charging standards, strengthening waste management practices globally. Additionally, its adaptable framework can be extended to determine charging standards for other waste types (e.g., municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste), further supporting the global transition to a circular economy.

Evaluating surface fluxes in WRF using eddy-covariance flux measurements in the Western and Eastern U.S. - Fan Wu; Kenneth J. Davis; Li Zhang; Ray G. Anderson; Jason P. Horne; Sarah Goslee; William Munger; Chenxia Cai; Yu Yan Cui; Zhan Zhao; Min Zhong (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2026)

Global Synthesis Reveals Context‐Dependent Plant Diversity Responses to CO 2 , Climate Change, and Nitrogen - Mengmei Zheng; Jian Song; Fei Yu; Mark J. Hovenden (Ecology Letters, 2026)
Global understanding of how plant diversity responds to multiple, co‐occurring global change drivers (e.g., elevated CO 2 , climate change, and nitrogen addition) remains fragmented, largely due to the highly context‐dependent nature of responses and disparate experimental evidence. To address this, we conducted a global meta‐analysis synthesising 6832 control‐treatment comparisons from 465 studies. We found that for individual drivers, elevated CO 2 had no effect on species richness, whereas increased precipitation enhanced it. In contrast, warming, decreased precipitation, and nitrogen addition generally reduced richness, with nitrogen addition consistently decreasing Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness. When drivers combined, warming‐driven losses were offset by elevated CO 2 and increased precipitation and those of nitrogen addition were counteracted by both increased and decreased precipitation. Interaction analyses further revealed that additive effects between drivers predominated, though significant antagonisms emerged for specific pairs. Importantly, these responses were strongly context‐dependent, being mediated by a combination of site‐specific conditions (i.e., local climate, soil, and background diversity) and experimental methodologies (i.e., treatment duration, intensity, and plot and sampling area). Our synthesis underscores that predicting future biodiversity trajectories necessitates that models evolve beyond main effects to explicitly represent both multi‐driver interactions and the critical, often‐dominant, moderating role of local contexts and experimental conditions.

Shallow seasonal stratification ameliorates coral bleaching during record-breaking marine heatwaves in a marginal subtropical system - Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales; Yu-De Pei; Joshua Bennett-Williams; Timothy B. King; Markus Rummel; Tzu Hao Chung; Alex S. J. Wyatt (Coral Reefs, 2026)
Marine heatwaves are intensifying globally, with the Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event (GCBE) beginning in 2023, yet coral bleaching outcomes remain highly variable across space and time. This study examines the role of fine-scale thermal variation in shaping bleaching impacts during two record-breaking marine heatwaves (2022 and 2024) affecting shallow coral assemblages in the marginal and urbanised environments of Hong Kong. Using high-resolution in situ temperature loggers, we quantified thermal exposure across coral-inhabited depths (1–8 m) at three sites and related this to bleaching prevalence across taxa. In 2024, surface temperatures exceeded the local bleaching threshold (29.7 °C) for 37 days, resulting in heat accumulation that reached 25.2 °C days (9.24 °C weeks) and remained above 8 °C days (°C weeks) for 46 days (20 days). However, seasonal stratification created vertical gradients of up to 9.6 °C between 2 and 8 m, reducing the magnitude and duration of heat accumulation severalfold (e.g., up to 35.4 °C days and 76 days > 8 °C days at 2 m, compared to 7.9 °C days at 8 m). Bleaching prevalence was 20–46% lower between 1 and 5 m, with Bayesian bleaching probabilities highest for Goniopora (82%) and lowest for Porites (64%). These patterns could not be explained by satellite-derived sea surface temperatures alone. Despite record heating and stress, mortality was limited (60 to 95% pigmentation recovery). Our findings provide rare fine-scale assessments of bleaching and thermal dynamics, including during the Fourth GCBE, and highlight how local stratification can create thermal refuges. Understanding how oceanographic contexts structure these refuges is essential for identifying and conserving coral communities with greater survival potential under accelerating ocean heating.

Sex and APOE genotype specific brain regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease - Qi Zeng; Minghui Wang; Erming Wang; Xianxiao Zhou; Peng Xu; Vahram Haroutunian; Dongming Cai; Bin Zhang; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and regional vulnerability was assessed with a composite vulnerability score (CVS) derived from associations between diffusion features and AD severity across clinical traits in each of the four sex-APOE groups (female or male, with or without APOE4). Brain parcellation with the Eve atlas revealed regions consistently affected across sex-APOE groups (e.g., parahippocampal and superior temporal gyri) and regions specific to individual groups (e.g., the cingulum in females with APOE4 and the middle frontal gyrus in males without APOE4). Gene co-expression network analysis of the matched blood expression data identified gene subnetworks linked to group-specific regional vulnerability, including a muscle tissue morphogenesis module regulated by NEURL1B and HIST1H2BN associated with middle frontal gyrus vulnerability. These findings demonstrate that sex and APOE genotype jointly shape region-specific WM vulnerability and its molecular signatures in AD. Understanding these interactions provides novel mechanistic insights and may inform precision approaches to drug development, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial design for AD.

GOOS Essential Ocean Variables: the backbone of a sustained and evolving global ocean observing system - Belén Martín Míguez; Emma Heslop; Narissa Bax; Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi; Gabrielle Canonico; Kim Currie; Karen Evans; Albert S. Fischer; Véronique Garçon; Maria Hood; Johannes Karstensen; Ana Lara-López; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2026)
The need for ocean information has never been greater. From climate change to food security and extreme events, we need to understand the role of the ocean and better predict change and impact. This is only possible with the sustained collection of a key set of ocean observations. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) coordinates international efforts to collect these Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), which span physics, biogeochemistry, biology and ecosystem realms. Guided by three expert panels, these EOVs are used to define the needs and design of a sustained, fit for purpose global ocean observing system, aimed at maximizing investments in observing infrastructure. As the GOOS EOVs are increasingly used, it has become important to discuss and refine the understanding of this framework, to ensure that the right balance is struck between their essential nature and the need to expand to new domains and integrate with key global policies. In this paper we provide a description of the EOV framework, discuss some of the challenges in implementing it, and identify a set of recommendations for GOOS and the ocean observing community to take forward. These recommendations include increasing the transparency of the EOV adoption process, and the need to periodically assess the EOVs in consultation with observing communities and with the entities managing other global essential variable frameworks in cross cutting realms such as climate and biodiversity. This will contribute to building a useful and responsive global ocean observing system that delivers the observations required to meet societal needs.

PTUPB improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease associated with enhancing cerebral vascular myogenic response and attenuating vascular remodeling - Gilbert C. Morgan; Andrew Gregory; Chengyun Tang; Sung Hee Hwang; Jane J. Border; Jing Xu; Yedan Liu; Shan Bai; Tae Jin Lee; Cameron Cantwell; David Bunn; Karen M. Wagner; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

A dual-resolution acoustic-sensing robot for autonomous in-pipe inspection - Xiaoyu Sun; Yicheng Yu; Xudong Niu; Zhenshan Wang; Alexander R.K. Towlson; Kirill V. Horoshenkov; Anthony J. Croxford; Bruce W. Drinkwater (Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2026)

First evidence of CP violation in beauty baryon to charmonium decays - R. Aaij; A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb; C. Abellan Beteta; F. Abudinén; T. Ackernley; A.A. Adefisoye; B. Adeva; M. Adinolfi; P. Adlarson; C. Agapopoulou; C.A. Aidala; Z. Ajaltouni; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2026)

Skin sea surface temperature diagnostics in a regional ocean model - Jie Yu; David D. Flagg; Tommy G. Jensen; Tim J. Campbell; Qing Wang; Denny P. Alappattu (Ocean Modelling, 2026)

Trace element geochemistry of magnetite and hematite from the Jinchang porphyry Au-Cu deposit, northeast China: Implications for fluid evolution and cobalt enrichment - Peng-Fei Shan; Ming-Jian Cao; Noreen J. Evans; Le Wang; Yi Li; Yu-Suo Zhao; Ke-Zhang Qin (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2026)

Neodymium isotopes in marginal seawater trace continental weathering inputs - Zhaojie Yu; Zehua Song; Xiaojie Tang; David J. Wilson; Germain Bayon; Yi Huang; Xiaoying Kang; Hualong Jin; Shiming Wan; Christophe Colin (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2026)

Hydration dynamics of hydrocolloid Particles. Part 1: Experimental investigation of water vapor sorption and bulk diffusion - Andrew T. Tyowua; Zhibing Zhang; Michael J. Adams; Edwin Joseph; Guoping Lian; Chuan-Yu Wu (Food Hydrocolloids, 2026)

Hydration dynamics of hydrocolloid particles - Part 2: Molecular dynamics simulation and correlation of self-diffusion coefficients with water vapor sorption kinetics - Edwin Joseph; Guoping Lian; Michael J. Adams; Zhibing Zhang; Andrew T. Tyowua; Chuan-Yu Wu (Food Hydrocolloids, 2026)

Isotope effects (Cl, O, C) of heterogeneous electrochemistry induced by Martian dust activities - Neil C. Sturchio; Hao Yan; Alian Wang; W. Andrew Jackson; Huiming Bao; Chuck Y.C. Yan; Linnea J. Heraty; Yu Wei; Quincy H.K. Qu; Kevin S. Olsen (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2026)

Architects of plant immunity: Structure-informed strategies for engineering plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors - Daniel S. Yu; Mark J. Banfield (Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2026)

Redirecting electron transfer toward synergistic peroxymonosulfate activation via A-Site nonstoichiometry in perovskite oxide - Jingqing Gao; Lin Cui; Tingyu Chen; Chenxi Shi; Giulio Gorni; Yu Shen; Antonio J. Dos santos-García (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026)

Perspectives on GUIDE (Guiding participation toward understanding, inclusion, diversity, and equity for cancer trials): a clinical trial access intervention - Kristine A. Karvonen; Jean A. McDougall; Sarah D. Hohl; Elizabeth A. Carosso; Tina Burrows; Solange H. Mecham; Elizabeth Stohr; Anne Devine; Hannah Linden; Ajay K. Gopal; Evan Y. Yu; Andrew J. Cowan; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2026)

Hyperspectral reconstruction based on low-cost UAV RGB imagery for alfalfa yield prediction - Lang Qiao; Jiahao Fan; Jose G. Franco; Alison J. Duff; Emily J. Diaz-Vallejo; Tong Yu; Zhou Zhang (Biosystems Engineering, 2026)

Asymmetrical contamination of anionic PFAS across global freshwater reservoirs - Zhao-Feng Guo; Mohamed Ateia; Edoardo Borgomeo; Wiebke J. Boeing; Daniel Malnes; Yu-Qin He; Dong Liu; Yao-Yang Xu (Water Research, 2026)

Post-LGM sedimentation history and deglaciation processes in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada - I. Schulten; V. Maselli; E.L. King; M. Schmidt; C. Hensen; T. Müller; A. Asioli; A. Micallef; C. Berndt; C.J. Brown; F. Córdoba-Ramírez; J. Elger; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2026)

Multi-omics reveals CmLOX2 involvement in the lipoxygenase pathway during salicylic acid-induced inhibition of calcification in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) - Wu Wang; Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen; Yu Chen; Shijie Zhang; Yuqiang Zhao; Cancan Zhu; Guoming Wang (Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2026)

The DMPA secreted by the pitcher of Nepenthes × ventrata demonstrates insecticidal activity against a range of insect pests - Yan Zhou; Jia Liu; Xiang-Yu Zhao; Wen-Jia Yang; Michael J. Adang; Guang-Mao Shen (Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2026)

Widespread incongruence in the phylogenomics of the ancient land plant lineage, Selaginellaceae (lycophytes) - Jing Zhao; Hong Yu; Carl J. Rothfels; Jian-Jun Yang; Shao-Li Fang; Zhao-Rong He; Li-Bing Zhang; Xin-Mao Zhou (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2026)

Pinoresinol diglucoside alleviates hindlimb unloading-induced bone loss in mice - Ying-Ying Xuan; Liang Li; Yi Wu; Zhen-Long Wei; Mei Zhang; Min-Na Liu; Dong-Shuai Shen; Yu-Hai Gao; Cory J Xian; Hui-Ping Ma; Ke-Ming Chen (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2026)

Modified QuEChERS coupled with hybrid mass spectrometry for 322 target pesticides and suspect screening of emerging organic contaminants in agricultural soils - Yu-Hui Chang; Chi-Chieh Hu; Chinn-Yuan Fu; Sichao Wang; Yu-Min Tzou; Shiou-Ruei Lin; Hsiao-Ying Yang; Jerry J. Wu; Cheng-Hua Liu; Ya-Hui Chuang (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2026)

High-resolution marine records of human-nature interactions in the Yellow River Basin since 2.2 kyr ago - Wenqiang Pei; Shiming Wan; Peter D. Clift; Jin Zhang; J. Paul Liu; Yongming Han; Debo Zhao; Zhendong Luan; Zhaojie Yu; Zehua Song; Anchun Li (Global and Planetary Change, 2026)

Taphonomy of soft-tissue preservation in ferricrete at the McGraths Flat Lagerstätte - Tara Djokic; Patrick M. Smith; Jeff R. Havig; Michael Frese; Paulo Vasconcelos; Jochen Brocks; Michael Ellwood; David J. Cantrill; Dayna McGeeney; Ross Pogson; Chris Ryan; Yu Wang; et al. (Gondwana Research, 2026)

Revisiting the provenance and formation environments of Quaternary bauxite in South China and significance for ancient karstic bauxite deposits - Wenchao Yu; Tianyi Shen; Wei Wei; Shangyu Guo; Jintao Zhou; Long Chen; Xing Zhen; Hongcheng Mo; Yuanhong Li; Xinnian Li; Thomas J. Algeo; Yuansheng Du (Earth-Science Reviews, 2026)

Comparative genomic analysis of QTL for resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches between pea, lentil, faba bean, and the model species Medicago truncatula - Théo Leprévost; Baptiste Imbert; Clément Lavaud; Gilles Boutet; Henri Miteul; Antoine Leduc; Jonathan Kreplak; Ha-Trang Phung; Grégoire Aubert; Estefania Carrillo-Perdomo; Renan Uhdre; Hatice Sari; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2026)

Craniofacial photography for detection of positional obstructive sleep apnoea - Kate Sutherland; John Wheatley; Kristina Kairaitis; Brendon J. Yee; Gary Cohen; Kerri Melehan; Stephen Lambert; Philip de Chazal; Peter A. Cistulli; Peter Cistulli; Philip de Chazal; Nina Sarkissian; et al. (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2026)
Supine-dependent OSA is a well-recognised OSA phenotype and may relate to craniofacial structure. Our aim was to assess whether craniofacial photos are able to identify positional OSA, specifically supine-isolated OSA, in comparison to non-positional OSA. Frontal and profile craniofacial photographs of participants were acquired according to a standardised protocol. Photographs were analysed and compared between non-positional and supine-isolated OSA groups. A total of 156 OSA patients were included (54.5% supine-isolated OSA, 45.5% with non-positional OSA). The supine-isolated group had a longer upper face height and greater upper-to-lower face height ratio, smaller face width, reduced face width-to-height ratio, and smaller mandibular width, length, and size of the mandibular base. Differences in facial measurements were no longer significant after adjustment for body size and OSA severity. Our study demonstrates that supine-isolated OSA can be identified using facial photography. Larger studies in groups matched for BMI and OSA severity are needed to confirm whether this technique may also capture other features related to supine-isolated OSA (i.e., differences in underlying skeletal structure).

Reply to the letter : To consider the exercise density in the dose–response relationship: the idea is promising, the operationalization tricky! - Fabian Herold; Liye Zou; Paula Theobald; Patrick Manser; Ryan S. Falck; Qian Yu; Teresa Liu-Ambrose; Arthur F. Kramer; Kirk I. Erickson; Boris Cheval; Yanxia Chen; Matthew Heath; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2026)

Out‐of‐Africa: Origin of the Disjunct Distribution of Paleotropical Eneopterinae Crickets (Gryllidae, Xenogryllini) - Zhe‐Yuan Yu; Jiajia Dong; Sylvain Hugel; Ranjana Jaiswara; Zhu‐Qing He; Tony Robillard; Gael J. Kergoat (Zoologica Scripta, 2026)
Many groups of terrestrial plants and animals display a disjunct distribution pattern in the Paleotropics, being found almost exclusively in tropical Africa and Asia. The origin of such a pattern may be manifold, particularly for older lineages where plate tectonics potentially played an important role. Several potential colonisation routes may have been involved in dispersal events between the Afrotropics and tropical Asia, not to mention long‐distance dispersal events through island hopping. To advance in the understanding of disjunct Paleotropical distributions, we focus on a tribe of Paleotropical crickets, the Xenogryllini. They supposedly originated in the Early Eocene, thus experiencing multiple past geological and environmental changes during their diversification. Resolving the evolutionary history of Xenogryllini is thus expected to shed light on the biogeographic processes that generated disjunct Paleotropical distributions. To tackle this, we assembled a multi‐marker molecular dataset for the tribe encompassing all species. We carried out phylogenetic, molecular dating, and historical biogeography analyses. Our results provide a highly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe and suggest an out‐of‐Africa origin with several independent dispersal events towards Asia, likely involving distinct colonisation routes in the Neogene.

Trait space and compactness: A new perspective on explaining variations in primary productivity - Jiahui Zhang; Kailiang Yu; Markus Reichstein; Li Xu; Ian J. Wright; Mirco Migliavacca; Ulisse Gomarasca; Daniel C. Laughlin; Xiaoyu Cen; Congcong Liu; Honglin He; Nianpeng He (Ecology, 2026)
A fundamental question in ecology is why plant communities have large trait space yet strong coordination among those traits across large scales, despite these patterns seeming contradictory. Answering this question requires quantitatively linking the geographic distribution of trait space and coordination with gross primary productivity (GPP). We leveraged an unprecedented large‐scale dataset of nine leaf traits for 5718 species‐site combinations with simultaneous field measurements of plant community composition in 64 naturally assembled communities to investigate trait spaces (hypervolume, quantity dimension) and trait compactness (coordination, efficiency dimension) and their influence on GPP. Trait space and compactness combined explained 72% of the variation of GPP. Interestingly, a larger trait space (more diverse trait combinations) drove higher GPP in resource‐poor communities, while higher trait compactness (greater coordination of traits) determined higher GPP in resource‐rich communities. Our findings provide a new perspective that natural plant communities increase both trait space and compactness to improve GPP, shedding light on the development of multidimensional functional ecology.

Assessing the evidence for active volcanism on Venus: current limitations and prospects for future investigations - Justin Filiberto; Mikhail Yu. Zolotov; Erika Kohler; Piero D'Incecco; Dmitry A. Gorinov; Sriram S. Bhiravarasu; Matthew B. Weller; Jeremy F. Brossier; Iván López; Philippa J. Mason; Jemila A. Edmond; Nicola Mari; et al. (Geochemistry, 2025)

Exposome-wide associations and polyexposure risks of workplace chemical exposures on adult asthma: The Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) - Yujing Chen; Farida S. Akhtari; Yixuan He; Lihang Yu; Vy Kim Nguyen; Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui; Yuki Mizuno; William E. Funk; Crystal Ying Chan; Lap Ah Tse; Kin Fai Ho; Chirag J. Patel; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Tracking the source heterogeneities and distinct origins of flood basalt provinces: Insights from Panjal, Rajmahal-Sylhet and Deccan Traps - M.P. Manu Prasanth; J. Gregory Shellnutt; M.L. Dora; Feng Guo; Xiao-Ping Xia; Xin Zhu; Lei Zou; Yu Zhu; K.R. Hari (Earth-Science Reviews, 2025)

The electric double layer governs the spatially-variable thermodynamic equilibrium of gas hydrates in clays - Sheng-Li Li; Yu-Xiang Chen; John J. Carroll; Shu-Hui Jiang; Pi-Bo Su (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Molecular and structural insights into neurosporene accumulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides G1C - Yu-Lu Wu; Guang-Lei Wang; Xiang-Ping Wang; Xing-Yu Yue; Mei-Juan Zou; Zheng-Yu Wang-Otomo; Michael T. Madigan; Richard J. Cogdell; Long-Jiang Yu (Photosynthesis Research, 2025)

Diversity of crystallization conditions of coherent kimberlites recorded in diamond surface textures: an experimental study - Yana Fedortchouk; Ingrid L. Chinn; Tom Nowicki; Jon A. Carlson; Shahbaz Bin Khalid; Elliot J. M. Bird; Rosa Toutah; Guangyuan Yu; Thomas Pierce-Jones (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2025)

Temporal and spatial dynamics of drought in the Amur River Basin under climate change: observed trends, future projections, and driving mechanisms - Yanhui Zhang; Lei Wang; Ming Li; Wen J. Wang; Jinyuan Ren; Shanfeng Xing; Yu Cong (Climate Dynamics, 2025)

Ecological risk assessment for Cry1Da_7, Cry1B.3 and Vip3Cb1 proteins expressed in MON 89151 cotton: an insect-protected cotton with targeted activity against Lepidoptera - Harit K. Bal; Collin J. Preftakes; Lawrence Long; Carlos J. Esquivel; Frankie Stubbins; Chitvan Khajuria; Jianguo Tan; David Dyck; Brent Werner; Justin Ungerer; Bingyao Li; Yu Liu-Gontarek; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2025)

Dynamics of Endogenous Somatostatin and the Infarct-Limiting Effect of Octreotide in a Rat Model of Long-Term Ischemia/Reperfusion - J. N. Ilyushenkova; A. V. Mukhomedzyanov; B. K. Kurbatov; A. S. Slidnevskaya; Yu. V. Varlamova; S. I. Sazonova (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2025)

Regional Emergence of Water‐Related Browning in a Greening World - Rene Orth; Jasper M. C. Denissen; Josephin Kroll; Sungmin O; Ana Bastos; Wantong Li; Diego G. Miralles; Melissa Ruiz‐Vásquez; Anne J. Hoek van Dijke; Andrew F. Feldman; Mirco Migliavacca; Lan Wang‐Erlandsson; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
The Earth is greening in many regions under elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, along with increasing temperature and land use changes. However, despite the continued rise in CO 2 , greening has stagnated or even reversed in some regions, suggesting a reduced capacity of the land surface to act as a carbon sink. Here, we show that declining water availability and rising atmospheric water demand have coincided with regional browning trends over recent decades in some tropical regions that have historically acted as prominent carbon sinks. A regression analysis considering a balanced set of water‐ and energy‐related variables alongside land cover change and climate extremes confirms that both water availability and atmospheric water demand are important contributors to inter‐annual variability in Leaf Area Index (LAI) there. Earth system models mostly reproduce the observed spatial extent of browning and concurrent related coinciding water changes in the multi‐model mean, but results from individual models differ strongly. Our findings provide a new constraint for related model development and highlight the need for enhanced monitoring and consideration of observation‐based water availability trends as an emerging driver of vegetation in future analyses and model development.

Chronology of dozens of Late Paleolithic sites in the Ulan Buh Desert, northwest China - Xiaoqi Guo; Xuefeng Sun; Yuan Yao; Lupeng Yu; Feng Li; Shuangwen Yi; Konglan Shao; Lu Teng; Yinghua Wang; Cheng Zhao; Christopher J. Bae; Huayu Lu (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Normalization of fossil plant megafossil databases for diversity and palaeobiogeography analyses by filtering taxonomic duplication: Principles, methods, examples, and recommendations - Zhen Xu; Emma Bateson; Christopher J. Cleal; Reece Hutton; Jianxin Yu; Shi-Jun Wang; Andrew H. Knoll; Benjamin J.W. Mills; Jason Hilton (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Timing of closure of the South Tianshan Ocean: Evidence from a stitching pluton in the Western Tianshan, NW China - Zhi-Hao Jiang; Ru-Xiong Lei; Shi-Bao Wu; Matthew J. Brzozowski; Mingyi Xia; Yuanjun Yu; Chang-Zhi Wu (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2025)

Thermo-hydro-mechanical responses of a high-level radioactive waste repository: Effects of short- and long-term nonlinear behavior of the host rock - M.N. Vu; C. Plúa; G. Armand; F. Bumbieler; C. De Lesquen; M. Souley; M. Alonso; J. Vaunat; A. Gens; Z. Yu; J.F. Shao (International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2025)

Dramatically suppressed climate signals in the Yellow River - Yonggui Yu; Rick J. Yang; Gang Wang; Jaap H. Nienhuis; Xianyao Chen; James T. Liu; Marcel van der Perk; Rens van Beek; Xuefa Shi; Shuqing Qiao; Zhi Li; Jay Lee; et al. (Global and Planetary Change, 2025)

Hydrogen, single-carbon compounds, and thermal regime in the oceanic ultramafic-dominated lithosphere: insights from a deep borehole on the Atlantis Massif - Susan Q. Lang; C. Geoffrey Wheat; Kristin L. Dickerson; Mark K. Reagan; Ivan P. Savov; Jordyn A. Robare; William J. Brazelton; Johanna Suhonen; Oscar Cavazos; Andrew McCaig; Peter Blum; Natsue Abe; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Evaluation of accuracy on bottom-up NH3 emissions and sensitivity of PM2.5 to emission control in South Korea - K.M. Han; C.H. Jung; C.H. Song; J. Yu; Y. Pan; S.J. Cho; S.D. Shim; J.-H. Koo; J.H. Woo; J. Madalipay; K.Y. Kim; H.S. Kim (Atmospheric Environment, 2025)

Study on Explosive Fracturing Mechanism of Jimsar Shale Oil - J. Luo; R. D. Tian; Y. T. Xu; W. C. Yu; D. Xiang; H. R. Liu (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2025)

Intercropping sunflower with amaranth to remediate cadmium-contaminated agricultural land: performance and mechanism - Zhuo-hui Wu; Feifan Wang; Mai Ye; Jingru Zhang; Zhiyi Li; Yunrong Xi; Rongzhou Jin; Yanying Li; Zhipeng Chen; Ye Wu; Ting Huang; Qijie Cheng; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2025)

Elevated alpha-1 antitrypsin and C-reactive protein: association on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults - Cammie Tran; Hans G. Schneider; Que T. Lam; Johannes T. Neumann; Flavia Cicuttini; Chenglong Yu; Zhen Zhou; Mark R. Nelson; Andrew M. Tonkin; Daniel Clayton-Chubb; Sultana Monira Hussain; Peter D. Fransquet; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Towards real-time weed detection and segmentation with lightweight CNN models on edge devices - Md Didarul Islam; Wenxin Liu; Pascal Izere; Puranjit Singh; Chong Yu; Benjamin Riggan; Kuan Zhang; Amit J. Jhala; Stevan Knezevic; Yufeng Ge; Santosh Pitla; Joe Luck; et al. (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025)

Chlorpyrifos selectively alters fluvial dissolved organic carbon composition and ecosystem dynamics - Lauren E. O'Connor; Jennifer J. Guerard; Emma J. Rosi; Yu-Ping Chin (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Do associations of neighbourhood attributes with cognitive function vary by socio-economic status? A 12-year follow-up study of older Australians - Ester Cerin; Maria V. Soloveva; Miguel A. Molina; Ralf-Dieter Schroers; Yu-Tzu Wu; Perminder S. Sachdev; Luke D. Knibbs; Nicolas Cherbuin; Bin Jalaludin; Suzanne Mavoa; Kaarin J. Anstey (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Holocene environmental change in Singapore: Insights from sedimentary and foraminifera records - Yu Ting Yan; Adam D. Switzer; Stephen Chua; Kyle Morgan; Christophe Fontanier; Stephen J. Culver; Abang M.S. Nugraha; Chris Gouramanis; Yama Dixit; Benjamin P. Horton (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

The utility of mangrove foraminifera, diatoms, and stable carbon isotope and C/N geochemistry in relative sea-level reconstruction in the Pearl River Delta, China - Howard K.Y. Yu; Nicole S. Khan; Nina Desianti; Ed Garrett; Noah J. Planavsky; Ayesha Ahmed (Marine Geology, 2025)

Effects of feeding strategy on cathodic electro-fermentation of xylose with mixed microbial cultures - Yu Sun; Antti J. Rissanen; Gaia Salvatori; Marianna Villano; Marika Kokko (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

On the origin of the late-flowering ppd-H1 allele in barley - Rajiv Sharma; Salar Shaaf; Kerstin Neumann; Peter Civan; Yu Guo; Martin Mascher; Michal David; Adnan Al-Yassin; Hakan Özkan; Tom Blake; Sariel Hübner; Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025)
To breed for climate resilient crops, an understanding of the genetic and environmental factors influencing adaptation is critical. Barley provides a model species to study adaptation to climate change. Here we present a detailed analysis of genetic variation at a major photoperiod response locus and relate this to the domestication history and dispersal of barley. The PPD-H1 locus (a PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 ) promotes flowering under long-day conditions, and a natural mutation at this locus resulted in a recessive, late-flowering ppd-H1 allele. This mutation proved beneficial in high-latitude environments such as Northern Europe, where it allows extended vegetative growth during long spring days. We infer the origin of the mutated late-flowering ppd-H1 allele by re-sequencing a large geo-referenced collection of 942 Hordeum spontaneum , 5 Hordeum agriocrithon and 1110 domesticated ( Hordeum vulgare ) barleys. We demonstrate that the late-flowering phenotype originated from Desert-type wild barley in the Southern Levant and present evidence suggesting a post-domestication origin of the mutated ppd-H1 allele.

Beyond FITT: addressing density in understanding the dose–response relationships of physical activity with health—an example based on brain health - Fabian Herold; Liye Zou; Paula Theobald; Patrick Manser; Ryan S. Falck; Qian Yu; Teresa Liu-Ambrose; Arthur F. Kramer; Kirk I. Erickson; Boris Cheval; Yanxia Chen; Matthew Heath; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)
Research on physical activity (PA) and health has a fundamental concern with dose–response relationships. The variables of (1) Frequency, (2) Intensity, (3) Time, and (4) Type (i.e., the FITT principle) have traditionally been used to operationalize the dosage of PA. We consider some limitations of FITT and propose that it can be complemented by the additional variable density (from the German exercise and training variable Belastungsdichte), which can be defined as the timing of successive work bouts within a single PA bout as well as the timing between successive PA bouts within a specific time period; it does so by quantifying the temporal intervals between successive work or PA bouts (i.e., time spent at a lower PA intensity or resting such as in napping/sleeping or sedentary behaviors). Using the field of PA and brain health as an example, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for further research employing the variable density and consider its potential to improve the understanding of dose–response relationships between PA and health outcomes.

Microneedle-mediated intracochlear injection safely achieves higher perilymphatic dexamethasone concentration than intratympanic delivery in guinea pig - François Voruz; Sharon J. Feng; Eugénie Breil; Michelle Yu; Daniella R. Hammer; Aykut Aksit; Fereshteh Zandkarimi; Elizabeth S. Olson; Jeffrey W. Kysar; Anil K. Lalwani (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2025)

Sale of critically endangered sharks in the United States - Savannah J. Ryburn; Tammy Yu; Kelly J. Ong; Eldridge Wisely; Meggan A. Alston; Ella Howie; Peyton LeRoy; Sarah Elizabeth Giang; William Ball; Jewel Benton; Robert Calhoun; Isabella Favreau; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
In the United States, shark meat is sold in grocery stores, seafood markets, and online. The meat is often mislabeled as another species or generically labeled as “shark”. The ambiguity of these generic labels makes it challenging to assess the conservation implications of this practice and for consumers to avoid high trophic-level species that often have high mercury concentrations in their tissues. We purchased and DNA barcoded 29 shark products in the United States to determine their species identity. Our samples consisted of 19 filets sold in grocery stores, seafood markets, and Asian specialty markets (mostly in North Carolina) and 10 ordered online as “jerky”. Ninety three percent of samples (27 of 29) were ambiguously labeled as shark or mako shark but not as a specific species. Of the two samples that were labeled to species, one was mislabeled (e.g., shortfin mako shark labeled as blacktip shark) and the other was correctly labeled. Barcoding indicated that the 29 samples included 11 different species of shark, including three species listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered: great hammerhead, scalloped hammerhead, and tope. Previous studies have found that the first two species contain very high levels of mercury, illustrating the implications of seafood mislabeling for human health. The availability of shark meat in U.S. grocery stores is surprising given the dramatic decline of shark populations globally. Moreover, the fact that nearly all shark meat is labeled ambiguously or incorrectly amplifies the problem. Accurate, verified product labels for shark meat would benefit consumers and shark conservation efforts, and should be a priority for the seafood industry.

Comparative insight: hereditary colorectal cancer registries in Iran, Singapore, and South Africa - Ladan Goshayeshi; Ernest Wencong Eu; Raj Ramesar; Paul Goldberg; Yu Bin Tan; Ursula Algar; Rutharra Ghayadthri Manisekaran; Shao-Tzu Li; Rebecca Caeser; Adam Boutall; Lena Goshayeshi; Kevin J. Monahan; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2025)

Intrasexual and intersexual territorial aggressive responses are repeatable and correlated in blue tits of both sexes - Gaoyang Yu; Koen Baas; Alexander A. Schlatmann; Stephen M. Salazar; Maaike A. Versteegh; Ella Rees-Baylis; Koen J. van Benthem; Peter Korsten; Jan Komdeur (Animal Behaviour, 2025)

LP-35 Development of an Optimized in vitro model for Range Finding in Acute Inhalation Toxicity: An Alternative to MucilAir™ - J.Y. Park; I.J. Bang; Y. Han; G.E. Kim; J.E. Lim; J.H. Yu; J. Yoo; H.R. Kim (Toxicology Letters, 2025)

P24-23 Key Agronomic and Safety Characteristics (Key ASCs) and why they matter to improve safety and reduce reliance on animal testing for agricultural solutions - M. Corvaro; M. Battalora; L. Bertomeu; S. Ellis; I. Fegert; J.-C. Garcin; S. Kan-King-Yu; T. Mehta; S. Nadzialek; B. Neumann; P. Rawlinson; U. Rooni; et al. (Toxicology Letters, 2025)

A novel trifunctional hydrolase cleaving C−O, C−N, and C−C bonds and its widespread distribution in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria - Yingying Qian; Houyu Yu; Qihuan He; Dandan Fan; Gerben J. Zylstra; Hancheng Wang; Xing Huang (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Copper isotope signatures during red earth weathering and their significance for soil reticulation (Xuancheng, South China) - Daqian Zhang; Lian Zhou; Thomas J. Algeo; Ke Yin; Lanping Feng; Yu Jiao; Yating Hu; Jinhua Liu; Hanlie Hong (Geoderma Regional, 2025)

Opinion : Why Sex‐Based Genomic Differentiation Should Not Be Overlooked in Population Genetics - Yu‐Chi Chen; Nikolas Vellnow; Justin J. S. Wilcox; Sahar Javaheri Tehrani; Toni I. Gossmann (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Sex‐specific genomic differentiation is a crucial yet frequently overlooked factor in population genetics. In this opinion piece, we leverage the substantial genomic resources available for the great tit ( Parus major ), including population‐scale data sets from many European populations, to investigate genomic differentiation between males and females. Unlike in some other species, where high‐quality genome assemblies exist but broad population sampling is lacking, the great tit offers a unique opportunity to study sex‐based differentiation at both the genomic and population level. We identify significant differentiation at an autosomal locus on chromosome 5, which we hypothesise originates from sex‐linked variation present on the sex chromosomes (Z and potentially W). By referencing genomic data from other songbirds with well‐assembled sex chromosomes, we illustrate how autosomal loci may exhibit high sequence similarity to sex‐linked regions. Our analyses demonstrate that uneven sex ratios in sampled populations can substantially bias differentiation metrics (e.g., F ST ), potentially resulting in false‐positive interpretations of adaptive differentiation. To mitigate such issues, we stress the importance of sex‐aware study designs, including balanced sex sampling and explicitly incorporating sex as a covariate. Furthermore, while optimal study designs would include high‐quality reference genomes from both sexes, we recommend, as a pragmatic and cost‐effective alternative for labs with limited resources, generating a reference genome from the heterogametic sex (females in birds) to ensure both sex chromosomes are represented in mapping and analysis. Finally, we emphasise the need for rigorous validation of candidate loci to ensure accurate and biologically meaningful outcomes in evolutionary genomic studies.

Latent Growth Models of Longitudinal Changes in Functional Connectivity during Early Stage Psychosis - Kristina M. Holton; Shi Yu Chan; Austin J. Brockmeier; Mei-Hua Hall (Neuroinformatics, 2025)

Deciphering membrane biofouling induced by micro-/nano-plastics in nanofiltration: Metagenomic insights and spacer-driven mitigations - Xinhui Liu; Yu Yang; Nigel J D Graham; Satoshi Takizawa; How Yong Ng (Water Research, 2025)

Fast degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds using soluble cobalt complexes - Maryam Mirabediny; Tsz Tin Yu; Jun Sun; Matthew Lee; Denis M O’Carroll; Michael J. Manefield; Biswanath Das; Naresh Kumar (Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2025)

Fate, transport, and plant uptake of ricinine in soils amended with castor cake organic fertilizer - Ya-Hui Chuang; Kai-Xuan Zheng; Siu Chun Wong; Yu-Min Tzou; Sichao Wang; Shiou-Ruei Lin; Hsiao-Ying Yang; Chinn-Yuan Fu; Jerry J. Wu; Cheng-Hua Liu (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Physics-driven complex relaxation for multi-body systems of SPH method - Chenxi Zhao; Yongchuan Yu; Oskar J. Haidn; Xiangyu Hu (Computer Physics Communications, 2025)

Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Drug Efflux from Erythrocytes Loaded with Corticosteroid Esters - William J. Jusko; Ruihong Yu (Pharmaceutical Research, 2025)
Purpose Drugs can be found in erythrocytes (RBC) in accordance with their physicochemical and specific binding properties, but particularly high concentrations can be attained using an ex vivo hypotonic pre-swelling method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) methodology and characterization of in vivo data for RBC-loaded corticosteroid prodrugs was sought. Methods Three studies providing in vitro and in vivo assessments of the pharmacokinetics of steroid ester prodrugs loaded into RBC were found. A PK model involving three fractional input rates and two-compartment disposition was applied. Results After their sodium phosphate ester pro-drugs were loaded into RBC and dosed intravenously, dexamethasone (DEX) and betamethasone (BET) plasma concentrations were markedly prolonged with three phases in humans and animals. For DEX in humans, a PK model accounted for the typical biexponential disposition of the active steroid and for input of a large fraction (0.72) released within 1 h, a small fraction (0.27) released over several hours ( t 1/2 = 5.5 h), and a very small fraction (0.008) released extremely slowly ( t 1/2 = 109 h). The DEX RBC concentrations were expected to remain far higher than plasma concentrations for this prolonged time. The PK model was also applied to DEX in rabbits and BET in rats with generally similar results and indicating full bioavailability. Conclusions The proposed PK methodology well characterized the input properties of RBC-loaded controlled-release formulations of corticosteroids in animal and humans in context of the flip-flop kinetics of the released drug. The model may be relevant to other types of RBC-loaded therapeutic agents. Graphical Abstract

From Correlation to Causation: Understanding Episodic Memory Networks - Ahsan Khan; Jing Liu; Maité Crespo-García; Kai Yuan; Cheng-Peng Hu; Ziyin Ren; Chun-Hang Eden Ti; Desmond J. Oathes; Raymond Kai-Yu Tong (Neuroscience Bulletin, 2025)
Episodic memory, our ability to recall past experiences, is supported by structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) particularly the hippocampus, and its interactions with fronto-parietal brain regions. Understanding how these brain regions coordinate to encode, consolidate, and retrieve episodic memories remains a fundamental question in cognitive neuroscience. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods, especially transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have advanced episodic memory research beyond traditional lesion studies and neuroimaging by enabling causal investigations through targeted magnetic stimulation to specific brain regions. This review begins by delineating the evolving understanding of episodic memory from both psychological and neurobiological perspectives and discusses the brain networks supporting episodic memory processes. Then, we review studies that employed TMS to modulate episodic memory, with the aim of identifying potential cortical regions that could be used as stimulation sites to modulate episodic memory networks. We conclude with the implications and prospects of using NIBS to understand episodic memory mechanisms.

Critical construction waste minimization strategies for a circular economy in developing countries: A contractor’s perspective in China - H. Wu; X. Weng; Y. Li; S. Liu; J. Ma; R. Chen; B. Yu; Z. Bao (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2025)
Developing countries are often burdened by substantial construction waste (CW) generated through urbanization and urban renewal activities, highlighting the urgent need for effective CW minimization strategies to facilitate their transition towards a circular economy. Although previous studies have examined similar topics at various stages of construction projects from different perspectives, a comprehensive study integrating all critical stages from a contractor’s perspective is still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to identify critical CW minimization strategies in developing countries, with a holistic concentration on the planning, design, and construction stages, using China as a case study. æThe research began by compiling a comprehensive list of CW minimization strategies tailored to developing countries, based on an extensive desktop survey and a focus group interview, resulting in 32 strategies. A subsequent questionnaire survey with leading CW management experts and rigorous statistical analyses have identified 9 strategies as critical for minimizing CW in developing countries. Finally, through exploratory factor analysis, seven fundamental principles for CW minimization have been established: “Planning for CW Minimization” for the planning stage; “Optimized Design of Building Structures,” “Optimization of Design Process,” and “Stakeholders’ Efforts in the Design Stage” for the design stage; and “Optimization of Construction Techniques,” “Stakeholders’ Efforts in the Construction Stage,” and “Efforts on CW Disposal” for the construction stage. This study offers valuable insights for stakeholders in developing countries, empowering them to effectively minimize CW through targeted strategies, facilitating the transition to a circular economy and supporting the realization of the "zero-waste city" goal.

Methacrylated poly(glycerol sebacate) as a photocurable, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer with tunable degradation and drug release kinetics - Mei-Li L. Bice; Marina H. Yu; Valentina L. Ortega; Chia-Chien Hsu; Kevin J. McHugh (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2025)

Phosphoproteomics reveals essential regulatory roles of phosphorylation in marine oligotrophic bacteria - Yu Zhang; Yao-Hui He; Zhang-Xian Xie; Zhuo-An Bai; Guo-Sheng Hu; Ming-Hua Wang; Stephen J. Giovannoni; Da-Zhi Wang (Marine Life Science & Technology, 2025)
Oligotrophic bacteria with reduced genomes have relatively few transcriptional regulators and are thought to rely more than other bacteria on post-transcriptional regulation to respond to environmental stimuli. SAR11 bacteria are the most abundant group of heterotrophic bacteria in marine planktonic systems and are a model for understanding genome reduction in other free-living microorganisms. Here, we report a comprehensive, quantitative protein phosphorylation profile for SAR11 strain HTCC1062 grown under various environmentally relevant conditions, including light/dark cycles, temperature differences, and nutrient limitations, to investigate phosphorylation dynamics in this streamlined organism. Nearly half of proteins encoded by the genome were detected in phosphorylated forms under at least one condition. 1014 Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation sites were observed in 1576 phosphopeptides from 555 phosphoproteins. Protein phosphorylation was concentrated in proteins for functions associated with nutrient acquisition and growth, such as ABC transporters, RNA polymerase, and ribosomal proteins. Prominent patterns in protein phosphorylation were detected across a range of culture conditions. In these cells, which previously have been shown to continuously express nearly their entire proteome, protein phosphorylation was more dynamic than protein abundance, supporting the hypothesis that post-transcriptional regulation by protein phosphorylation might play a large role in modulating protein activity. Our findings support a regulatory model characterized by minimal variation in protein expression but extensive protein phosphorylation. This model diverges from bacterial regulatory paradigms reliant on transcriptional control, and may be relevant to understanding other abundant heterotrophs with reduced genomes.

Lonely online: A social model of digital media addiction: A study in 21 countries - Agata Blachnio; Aneta Przepiórka; Oleg Gorbaniuk; Monika McNeill; Rebecca Bendayan; Menachem Ben-Ezra; Alan Angeluci; Ana Maria Abreu; Maria J. Blanca; Tihana Brkljacic; Nenad Čuš Babić; Mithat Durak; et al. (The Social Science Journal, 2025)

Microplastic contamination, comparative retention efficiency, and ecological hazard in saltmarsh, mangrove, sandy, and muddy habitats along the northern Bay of Bengal coast - Bilal Ahamad Paray; Khadijatul Kubra Riya; David J. Marshall; Md Kamal Hossain; Partho Banik; Salma Sultana; Jimmy Yu; Norhayati Ngah; M. Belal Hossain (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2025)

Mineral phases and growth conditions of morphologically diverse shelfal ferromanganese concretions - Joonas Wasiljeff; Changxun Yu; Pasi Heikkilä; Yann Lahaye; Matti Kurhila; Wei‐Li Hong; Aivo Lepland; Sten Suuroja; Volker Liebetrau; Joonas J. Virtasalo (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance” [Food Chemistry 473 (2025) 142977] - Christopher Suarez; Shawn Ehlers Cheang; Jules A. Larke; Jiani Jiang; Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng; Aaron Stacy; Garret Couture; Ye Chen; Nikita P. Bacalzo; Jennifer T. Smilowitz; J. Bruce German; David A. Mills; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Understanding stakeholder influence on resident participation in neighborhood rehabilitation from a project lifecycle perspective - Yu Li; Penglin Zhu; Erwin Mlecnik; Henk J. Visscher; Queena K. Qian (Environmental Science & Policy, 2025)

The Cost of Antivenom: A Cost Minimization Study using the North American Snakebite Registry - Benjamin Herzel; Neev Batavia; Paul Gavaza; Tammy Phan; Emmelyn Samones; Anne-Michelle Ruha; Jakub Furmaga; Christopher Hoyte; Brian J. Wolk; Peter Akpunonu; Adam Algren; Alexandra Amaducci; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2025)
Envenomation is a global health issue, with over 9,000 encounters managed in the United States yearly. The introduction of immunoglobulin fragment antivenom has reduced the risk of hypersensitivity. This study compares treatment costs of crotaline envenomation using the Fab and F(ab’) 2 antivenoms as reported to the North American Snakebite Registry (NASBR), a nationwide surveillance tool. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of NASBR data between 2018 and 2020. The following data points were assessed: patient demographics (age, gender, race), snake species, type of antivenom used, and treatment costs. Unit costs were estimated based on United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. Average (mean) per patient costs from the payer perspective were calculated by multiplying resources by the unit costs. Sensitivity analyses were performed regarding cost variance and snake species. All costs reported in this study are in U.S. dollars. Results The average total cost of treatment was $31,343 per person, with medications contributing 72% of the total. Average total cost among patients who received Fab treatments was $33,347 per person compared to $19,747 among patients who received F(ab’) 2 . Antivenom costs accounted for 75% of the total cost in the Fab group and 42% in the F(ab’) 2 group. F(ab’) 2 required more vials than Fab (median 18 versus 10). Non-antivenom costs such as hospitalizations were higher in the F(ab’) 2 group. Using average sale prices increased average total cost to $52,572; Fab remained more expensive. Conclusion Antivenom is the primary cost driver in snakebite treatment in North America. Treatment with F(ab’) 2 resulted in lower overall costs, driven by lower cost of antivenom. F(ab’) 2 did not significantly lower overall resource use except for blood product administration.

Orbital-millennial-centennial evolution of paleoceanography and sea ice in the northwestern Pacific during the LGM-Holocene inferred from micropaleontological, geochemical and lithological proxies - S.A. Gorbarenko; A.V. Artemova; O. Yu Psheneva; N.K. Vagina; X. Shi; A.A. Bosin; Yu P. Vasilenko; Z. Yao; Y. Liu; E.A. Yanchenko; Yu V. Novoselova; J. Zou (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Discordant sibling analysis of autism risk associated with prenatal exposure to tailpipe and non-tailpipe particulate matter pollution - Anny H. Xiang; Jane C. Lin; Ting Chow; Xin Yu; Mayra P. Martinez; Zhanghua Chen; Sandrah P. Eckel; Joel Schwartz; Frederick W. Lurmann; Michael J. Kleeman; Rob McConnell; Md. Mostafijur Rahman (Environmental Research, 2025)

Vulnerability and psychosocial impacts of extreme weather events among young people in Australia - Myriam Ziou; Daniel Z.Q. Gan; Bronwyn Boon; Shu Mei Teo; Jana M. Menssink; Wenhua Yu; Catherine L. Smith; Rebecca Patrick; Hasini Gunasiri; Nicholas J. Fava; David G. Baker; Vivienne Browne; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Diurnal impacts of tire wear and waste burning on fine particulate matter concentrations in a metropolitan area - Sea-Ho Oh; Chaehyeong Park; Geun-Hye Yu; Hajeong Jeon; James J. Schauer; Min-Suk Bae (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Highly selective and reversible adsorption of trace gaseous ammonia by a stable nanoporous carboxylic acid-functionalized silica aerogel - Zai-Dong Shao; Ting-Ting Hu; J. Paul Chen; Qi-Jun Zhang; Peng Wu; Rui-Sang Liu; Jiang Lu; Xiao-Meng Ren; Yu-Ming Zheng (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Achieving optimised oxygen evolution reaction performance by tailoring NiFeMn layer double hydroxide composites - Laura J. Titheridge; Chang Wu; Shailendra Kumar Sharma; Campbell Tiffin; Daniel Holland; Yu Mao; Ziyun Wang; Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse; Jiayang Li; Aaron T. Marshall (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Utility of the B/Ga salinity proxy in carbonate and marly sediments - Wei Wei; Thomas J. Algeo; David Meyer; Jiangsi Liu; Katherine N. Snihur; Cody Lazowski; Zhiquan Li; Daniel S. Alessi; Kurt O. Konhauser; Yuansheng Du; Wenchao Yu (Chemical Geology, 2025)

3D facial imaging: a novel approach for metabolic abnormalities risk profiling - Qianqian Peng; Yam Ki Cheung; Yu Liu; Yiyang Wang; Jingze Tan; Yajun Yang; Jiucun Wang; Jing-Dong J. Han; Li Jin; Fan Liu; Sijia Wang (Science China Life Sciences, 2025)

Innovation in apatite Lu-Hf geochronology opens new opportunity for copper systems in southern Australia during the Nuna destruction - Jie Yu; Martin Hand; Justin L. Payne; Laura J. Morrissey; Alexander Simpson; Stijn Glorie; Yan-Jing Chen (Mineralium Deposita, 2025)
Precambrian iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) systems have commonly experienced multiple mineralising and tectonothermal events and identifying their timing and geodynamic framework is challenging. World-class IOCG deposits in the Olympic Cu-Au Province, South Australia, are dominated by hematite and formed in the upper crust, while the magnetite-dominated Cu deposits hosted in granulite facies rocks are considered to represent the deeper expression of giant IOCG system. However, the application of novel in-situ Lu-Hf apatite geochronology reveals the magnetite-hosted Cu mineralisation is significantly younger and unrelated to the well-known ~ 1590 Ma Gawler Craton IOCG systems. Apatite Lu-Hf ages from the granulite that predates Cu mineralisation give ages of 1490 Ma. Infiltration of Cu-bearing fluids resulted in recrystallisation of apatite, LREE mobilisation and formation of secondary monazite. Lu-Hf ages for syn-mineralisation apatite give 1460 Ma, consistent with c. 1460 Ma U-Pb ages from secondary monazite. In contrast to the apatite in situ Lu-Hf ages, all apatite types produce a single U-Pb age of c. 1460 Ma, demonstrating the ability of Lu-Hf to preserve a more complete history of apatite formation than U-Pb in high- to medium-temperature rock systems. The timing of mineralisation coincides with the onset of Nuna fragmentation, representing a previously unrecognised driver for mineral system formation in southern Australia that installed Cu in crust previously dehydrated during a long history of granulite-grade tectonic events. The recognition of this Cu system in rocks generally considered unprospective shows that continental breakup can rejuvenate metallic systems in otherwise unprospective crust.

Predictability of the Summer 2022 Yangtze River Valley Heatwave in Multiple Seasonal Forecast Systems - Jinqing Zuo; Jianshuang Cao; Lijuan Chen; Yu Nie; Daquan Zhang; Adam A. Scaife; Nick J. Dunstone; Steven C. Hardiman (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2025)

Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society - Heidi Kreibich; Murugesu Sivapalan; Amir AghaKouchak; Nans Addor; Hafzullah Aksoy; Berit Arheimer; Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen; Cynthia Vail-Castro; Christophe Cudennec; Mariana Madruga de Brito; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; David C. Finger; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2025)

Occurrence of tar-rich coal: review and perspectives - J. Bian; C. L. Hu; X. Li; J. A. Quaye; H. M. Su; S. Feng; H. Yu (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2025)

Correction: Electrosprayed Janus Particles for Combined Photo-Chemotherapy - Brenda Sanchez-Vazquez; Adérito J. R. Amaral; Deng-Guang Yu; George Pasparakis; Gareth R. Williams (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025)

Microbial taxa and interactions can predict lignin mineralization in soil at continental scale - Wenjuan Yu; Wenjuan Huang; Kenneth E. Hammel; Yan Li; Shanshan Zhang; Bo Yi; Vitaliy I. Timokhin; Chaoqun Lu; Adina Howe; Samantha R. Weintraub-Leff; Steven J. Hall (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2025)

Study of D s 1 ( 2460 ) + → D s + π + π - in B → D ‾ ( * ) D s + π + π - decays - R. Aaij; A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb; C.Abellan Beteta; F. Abudinén; T. Ackernley; A.A. Adefisoye; B. Adeva; M. Adinolfi; P. Adlarson; C. Agapopoulou; C.A. Aidala; Z. Ajaltouni; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2025)

The importance of tropical tree-ring chronologies for global change research - Peter Groenendijk; Flurin Babst; Valerie Trouet; Ze-Xin Fan; Daniela Granato-Souza; Giuliano Maselli Locosselli; Mulugeta Mokria; Shankar Panthi; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Abrham Abiyu; Rodolfo Acuña-Soto; Eduardo Adenesky-Filho; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Tradeoffs in the energetic value of neuromodulation in a closed-loop neuromechanical system - Zhuojun Yu; Yangyang Wang; Peter J. Thomas; Hillel J. Chiel (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

Cost-effective production of meaty aroma from porcine cells for hybrid cultivated meat - Hanzhang Zhou; Larry Sai Weng Loo; Francesca Yi Teng Ong; Xuanming Lou; Jiahao Wang; Matthew Khine Myint; Aaron Thong; Deborah Chwee San Seow; Mario Wibowo; Shengyong Ng; Yunbo Lv; Leng Gek Kwang; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance - Christopher Suarez; Shawn Ehlers Cheang; Jules A. Larke; Jiani Jiang; Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng; Aaron Stacy; Garret Couture; Ye Chen; Nikita P. Bacalzo; Jennifer T. Smilowitz; J. Bruce German; David A. Mills; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Assessing the contribution of Good's buffers to laboratory experiments on Fe(II)aq-induced ferrihydrite transformation - Chao Li; Peng Liu; James Jamieson; Henning Prommer; Adam J. Siade; Jiafeng Wang; Ling Shi; Jie Yan; Shirong Liu; Wen Yu; Chengshuai Liu; Jing Sun (Chemical Geology, 2025)

AhR Activation at the Air-Blood Barrier Alters Systemic microRNA Release After Inhalation of Particulate Matter Containing Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals - Ankit Aryal; Ashlyn C. Harmon; Alexandra Noël; Qingzhao Yu; Kurt J. Varner; Tammy R. Dugas (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2025)
Particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) is formed when organic pollutants are incompletely burned and adsorb to the surface of particles containing redox-active metals. Our prior studies showed that in mice, EPFR inhalation impaired vascular relaxation in a dose- and endothelium-dependent manner. We also observed that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells that form the air-blood interface stimulates the release of systemic factors that promote endothelial dysfunction in vessels peripheral to the lung. AhR is a recognized regulator of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, and miRNA control diverse signaling pathways. We thus hypothesized that systemic EPFR-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction is initiated via AhR activation in AT-II cells, resulting in a systemic release of miRNA. Using a combustion reactor, we generated EPFR of two free radical concentrations—EPFR lo (10 16–17 radicals/g particles) and EPFR (10 18–19 radicals/g)—and exposed mice by inhalation. EFPR inhalation resulted in changes in a distinct array of miRNA in the plasma, and these miRNAs are linked to multiple systemic effects, including cardiovascular diseases and dysregulation of cellular and molecular pathways associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. We identified 17 miRNA in plasma that were altered dependent upon both AhR activation in AT-II cells and ~ 280 ug/m 3 EPFR exposure. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found that 5 of these miRNAs have roles in modulating endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide signaling, known regulators of endothelial function. Furthermore, EPFR exposure reduced the expression of lung adherens and gap junction proteins in control mice but not AT-II-AhR deficient mice, and reductions in barrier function may facilitate miRNA release from the lungs. In summary, our findings support that miRNA may be systemic mediators promoting endothelial dysfunction mediated via EPFR-induced AhR activation at the air-blood interface. Graphical Abstract

Systematics and evolutionary history of raft and nursery‐web spiders (Araneae: Dolomedidae and Pisauridae) - Kuang‐Ping Yu; Ren‐Chung Cheng; Charles R. Haddad; Akio Tanikawa; Brogan L. Pett; Luis N. Piacentini; Ho Yin Yip; Yuya Suzuki; Arnaud Henrard; Christina J. Painting; Cor J. Vink; Eileen A. Hebets; et al. (Zoologica Scripta, 2025)
Pisauridae are a global and heterogeneous assemblage of spider genera with diverse morphologies and lifestyles. So far, the monophyly of Pisauridae and the inclusion of fishing spiders ( Dolomedes ) in this family have not been thoroughly tested. Here, we amend the systematics and classification of these lineages within a UCE phylogenomic framework and through a detailed morphological reappraisal. For estimations of their evolutionary age, we perform and compare outcomes from two divergence estimation approaches, an a posteriori likelihood, and an a priori Bayesian. Phylogenies reject the monophyly of both Pisauridae and Dolomedes : (1) Focal Clade I groups true Pisauridae genera including Pisaura ; (2) Focal Clade II contains Blandinia and is sister to Trechaleidae and Lycosidae; (3) Focal Clade III groups Dolomedes , Megadolomedes , and Ornodolomedes , and is sister to Blandinia , Trechaleidae, and Lycosidae. We therefore propose to delimit Pisauridae by removing Dolomedidae rank resurrected (including Dolomedes , Bradystichus , Megadolomedes , Caledomedes , Mangromedes , Ornodolomedes , and Tasmomedes ) and Blandinia incertae sedis . Likelihood and Bayesian time calibration approaches yield comparable divergence estimations: Pisauridae origin is estimated at 29–40 Ma; Blandinia 21–34 Ma; Dolomedidae 10–17 Ma; Dolomedes 9–16 Ma. Reconstructions suggest that the evolution of terrestrial and web‐building lifestyles from semi‐aquatic ancestors in Pisauridae coincided with cooling and drying climates during the mid‐Miocene, but this was not the case in the few recent cases of terrestrialization in Dolomedes species. This historic reconstruction illustrates how climatic changes, or rapid radiation, can drive lifestyle diversification.

Around the World in 26 Million Years: Diversification and Biogeography of Pantropical Grass‐Yellow Eurema Butterflies (Pieridae: Coliadinae) - Jing V. Leong; Pável Matos‐Maraví; Rayner Núñez; Renato Nunes; Weijun Liang; Michael F. Braby; Tenzing Doleck; Kwaku Aduse‐Poku; Yutaka Inayoshi; Yu‐Feng Hsu; Niklas Wahlberg; Djunijanti Peggie; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Grass‐yellow butterflies ( Eurema ) are a group of pantropical Pieridae distributed throughout Asia, Australasia, Africa and the New World. However, little is known about their diversification, including the biogeographic mechanism(s) explaining their circumglobal distribution. We present the first densely sampled, time‐calibrated phylogeny and biogeographic reconstruction of grass‐yellows to confirm the monophyly of the genera, re‐evaluate their taxonomy and infer the biogeographic events contributing to their worldwide distribution. Location Global tropics and subtropics. Taxon The butterfly tribe Euremini (Pieridae: Coliadinae). Methods We analysed up to 391 genetic loci from 126 samples of 66 ingroup species. Divergence dating was accomplished in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework using secondary calibration points, and maximum likelihood models of various biogeographic models were fitted to the data using the R package BioGeoBEARS. We used the best fitting model to estimate relative dispersal events with biogeographical stochastic mapping. Finally, we estimated branch‐specific speciation and extinction rates to assess the diversification history of the group. Results Different phylogenomic analyses converged on similar topologies with robust support. Grass‐yellows emerged ca . 26 Mya in the New World, and a single extant lineage dispersed to Asia in the early Miocene, where they diversified and dispersed to Africa and Australasia. The fastest rates of diversification occurred in the Old World tropics during the late Miocene. Many of the grass‐yellow genera were either paraphyletic or polyphyletic as traditionally circumscribed. To maintain nomenclatural stability, we place all grass‐yellows in Eurema sensu lato and recognise two subgenera: Eurema ( Abaeis ) and Eurema ( Eurema ). Main Conclusions Grass‐yellow butterflies originated in the Americas and attained their global distributional patterns via dispersal. The Indo‐Australian and Caribbean archipelagoes seem to have accelerated the diversification of the group, and movement in and out of these island regions was frequent. Although the traditional view of founder‐event speciation envisions migrants from large landmasses (‘mainland’) colonising smaller landmasses (‘islands’), we find that island to mainland dispersal and differentiation were equally or more common.