Seawater carbon and strontium isotope variations in the eastern Tarim Basin during the Cambrian: Implications for connection with the open ocean - Yinggang Zhang; Tao Yang; Robert J. Newton; Wenqing Pan; Yongquan Chen; Huiyang Yu (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2023)

Molecular defense responses to natural enemies determine seedling survival in a subtropical forest - Hui Shang; Yunquan Wang; Baocai Han; Franca J. Bongers; Xiangcheng Mi; Lei Chen; Yu Liang; Keping Ma (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Emulsions containing composite (clove, oregano, and cinnamon) essential oils: Phase inversion preparation, physicochemical properties and antibacterial mechanism - Jiajie Hu; Hangxin Zhu; Yuwei Feng; Mijia Yu; Yueqiang Xu; Yadong Zhao; Bin Zheng; Jiheng Lin; Wenhua Miao; Rusen Zhou; Patrick J. Cullen (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Temperature‐mediated microbial carbon utilization in China's lakes - Yao Guo; Songsong Gu; Kaixuan Wu; Andrew J. Tanentzap; Junqi Yu; Xiangfen Liu; Qianzheng Li; Peng He; Dongru Qiu; Ye Deng; Pei Wang; Zhenbin Wu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Microbes play an important role in aquatic carbon cycling but we have a limited understanding of their functional responses to changes in temperature across large geographic areas. Here, we explored how microbial communities utilized different carbon substrates and the underlying ecological mechanisms along a space‐for‐time substitution temperature gradient of future climate change. The gradient included 47 lakes from five major lake regions in China spanning a difference of nearly 15°C in mean annual temperatures (MAT). Our results indicated that lakes from warmer regions generally had lower values of variables related to carbon concentrations and greater carbon utilization than those from colder regions. The greater utilization of carbon substrates under higher temperatures could be attributed to changes in bacterial community composition, with a greater abundance of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteriota and less Proteobacteria in warmer lake regions. We also found that the core species in microbial networks changed with increasing temperature, from Hydrogenophaga and Rhodobacteraceae, which inhibited the utilization of amino acids and carbohydrates, to the CL500‐29‐marine‐group , which promoted the utilization of all almost carbon substrates. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can mediate aquatic carbon utilization by changing the interactions between bacteria and individual carbon substrates, and the discovery of core species that affect carbon utilization provides insight into potential carbon sequestration within inland water bodies under future climate warming.

Sex-dependent associations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality risk in healthy older men and women: two prospective cohort studies - Sultana Monira Hussain; Andrew M Tonkin; Gerald F Watts; Paul Lacaze; Chenglong Yu; Lawrence J Beilin; Zhen Zhou; Anne B Newman; Johannes T Neumann; Cammie Tran; John J McNeil (GeroScience, 2023)
The relationship between high plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cause and mortality are not well established in healthy older people. This study examined the associations between HDL-C levels and mortality in initially healthy older men and women. This analysis included participants from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE; n =18,668) trial and a matched cohort from the UK Biobank (UKB; n =62,849 ≥65 years). Cox regression was used to examine hazard ratios between HDL-C categories <1.03 mmol/L, 1.03–1.55 mmol/L (referent category), 1.55–2.07 mmol/L, and >2.07 mmol/L and all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and “non-cancer non-CVD” mortality. Genetic contributions were assessed using a polygenic score for HDL-C. Among ASPREE participants (aged 75±5 years), 1836 deaths occurred over a mean follow-up of 6.3±1.8 years. In men, the highest category of HDL-C levels was associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26–2.03), cancer (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.96–2.00), and “non-cancer non-CVD” mortality (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.41–3.42) but not CVD mortality (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.60–1.94). The associations were replicated among UKB participants (aged 66.9±1.5 years), including 8739 deaths over a mean follow-up of 12.7±0.8 years. There was a non-linear association between HDL-C levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The association between HDL-C levels and mortality was unrelated to variations in the HDL-C polygenic score. No significant association was found between HDL-C levels and mortality in women. Higher HDL-C levels are associated with increased risk from cancer and “non-cancer non-CVD” mortality in healthy older men but no such relationship was observed in women.

Chlorpyrifos fate in the Arctic: Importance of analyte structure in interactions with Arctic dissolved organic matter - Lauren E. O'Connor; Pippin Robison; Ginna Quesada; Jill F. Kerrigan; Robyn C. O'Halloran; Jennifer J. Guerard; Yu-Ping Chin (Water Research, 2023)

Use of ChatGPT: What does it mean for biology and environmental science? - Evgenios Agathokleous; Costas J. Saitanis; Chao Fang; Zhen Yu (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Co-proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes in tilapia farming ponds associated with use of antimicrobials - Min Zhou; Qi Li; Shen Yu; Han Han; Nicholas J. Osborne (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Direct evidence and mechanism for biocrusts-induced improvements in pore structure of dryland soil and the hydrological implications - Fuhai Sun; Bo Xiao; Shenglong Li; Xingxing Yu; Giora J. Kidron; Joshua Heitman (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Low-coordinated Co-N3 sites induce peroxymonosulfate activation for norfloxacin degradation via high-valent cobalt-oxo species and electron transfer - Caiyun Wang; Xiaoxia Wang; Hu Wang; Lijie Zhang; Yonghao Wang; Chung-Li Dong; Yu-Cheng Huang; Peng Guo; Rongsheng Cai; Sarah J. Haigh; Xianfeng Yang; Yuanyuan Sun; et al. (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Limited change in silicate chemical weathering intensity during the Permian–Triassic transition indicates ineffective climate regulation by weathering feedbacks - Guozhen Xu; Jun Shen; Thomas J. Algeo; Jianxin Yu; Qinglai Feng; Tracy D. Frank; Christopher R. Fielding; Jiaxin Yan; Jean-François Deconink; Yong Lei (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Level-set based pre-processing techniques for particle methods - Yongchuan Yu; Yujie Zhu; Chi Zhang; Oskar J. Haidn; Xiangyu Hu (Computer Physics Communications, 2023)

Defective Ru-doped α-MnO2 nanorods enabling efficient hydrazine oxidation for energy-saving hydrogen production via proton exchange membranes at near-neutral pH - Zhipeng Yu; Chaowei Si; Ferran Sabaté; Alec P. LaGrow; Zhixin Tai; Vlad Martin Diaconescu; Laura Simonelli; Lijian Meng; Maria J. Sabater; Bo Li; Lifeng Liu (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Rhus typhina decreased soil nitrogen contents and peroxidase activity following the addition of nitrogen - S. Zhong; Z. Xu; Y. Yu; J. Liu; Y. Wang; E. Guo; C. Wang (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Correlating pollutant removal by activated carbon with the concentration of humic acid in water - J. Feng; Q. Yu; A. He; G. D. Sheng (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates - Kuang‐Yu Chang; William J. Riley; Nathan Collier; Gavin McNicol; Etienne Fluet‐Chouinard; Sara H. Knox; Kyle B. Delwiche; Robert B. Jackson; Benjamin Poulter; Marielle Saunois; Naveen Chandra; Nicola Gedney; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
The recent rise in atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) concentrations accelerates climate change and offsets mitigation efforts. Although wetlands are the largest natural CH 4 source, estimates of global wetland CH 4 emissions vary widely among approaches taken by bottom‐up (BU) process‐based biogeochemical models and top‐down (TD) atmospheric inversion methods. Here, we integrate in situ measurements, multi‐model ensembles, and a machine learning upscaling product into the International Land Model Benchmarking system to examine the relationship between wetland CH 4 emission estimates and model performance. We find that using better‐performing models identified by observational constraints reduces the spread of wetland CH 4 emission estimates by 62% and 39% for BU‐ and TD‐based approaches, respectively. However, global BU and TD CH 4 emission estimate discrepancies increased by about 15% (from 31 to 36 TgCH 4 year −1 ) when the top 20% models were used, although we consider this result moderately uncertain given the unevenly distributed global observations. Our analyses demonstrate that model performance ranking is subject to benchmark selection due to large inter‐site variability, highlighting the importance of expanding coverage of benchmark sites to diverse environmental conditions. We encourage future development of wetland CH 4 models to move beyond static benchmarking and focus on evaluating site‐specific and ecosystem‐specific variabilities inferred from observations.

“We All Have a Job to Do in This World, It’s up to Us”: Farmworker and Farmer Mental Health in a Rural US-Mexico Border Region - Annie J. Keeney; Amy Quandt; Yu Meng; Luis Flores Jr; Daniela Flores; Robyn Garratt; Paola Hernandez; Mercy Villaseñor (Journal of Agromedicine, 2023)

A new class of layered Bi2O2S nanopetals by one-pot supercritical-CO2 approach: A reliable electrocatalyst for analgesic bioflavonoid detection - Shobana Sebastin Mary Manickaraj; Sabarison Pandiyarajan; Ai-Ho Liao; Angelin Rubavathi Panneer Selvam; Sheng-Tung Huang; J Rosaline Vimala; Kuo-Yu Lee; Ho-Chiao Chuang (Chemosphere, 2023)

Insights into the release of triclosan from microplastics in aquatic environment assessed with diffusive gradient in thin-films - Si-Si Liu; Yu-Wei Jia; Xiao-Yuan Guo; Jian-Liang Zhao; Yue Gao; Andy J. Sweetman; Guang-Guo Ying; Li Xu; Chen Tu; Chang-Er Chen (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Geological controls on the distribution of gas hydrates in the shallow parts of the gas hydrate stability zone – constraints from seafloor drilling off Taiwan - G. Bohrmann; C. Berndt; S. Lin; T.-H. Tu; A.T. Lin; H.-H. Hsu; M.-C. Lai; W.-C. Chi; C. Deusner; J. Elger; K. Wallmann; T. Freudenthal; et al. (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Basic human values of dairy producers in Canada and the U.S.: A cross-sectional survey study - Ting-Yu Cheng; Devon J. Wilson; Cecilia Brooks; Jessica A. Pempek; Kelly A. George; Stephen J. LeBlanc; Claudia Cobo-Angel; David L. Renaud; Gregory G. Habing (Journal of Rural Studies, 2023)

Effects of acute alcohol exposure and chronic alcohol use on neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) parameters - Karmen K. Yoder; Evgeny J. Chumin; Sourajit M. Mustafi; Kelly A. Kolleck; Meredith E. Halcomb; Karen L. Hile; Martin H. Plawecki; Sean J. O’Connor; Mario Dzemidzic; Yu-Chien Wu (Psychopharmacology, 2023)

Heritable methylation marks associated with prostate cancer risk - James G. Dowty; Chenglong Yu; Mahnaz Hosseinpour; Jihoon Eric Joo; Ee Ming Wong; Tu Nguyen-Dumont; Joseph Rosenbluh; Graham G. Giles; Roger L. Milne; Robert J. MacInnis; Pierre-Antoine Dugué; Melissa C. Southey (Familial Cancer, 2023)
DNA methylation marks that are inherited from parents to offspring are known to play a role in cancer risk and could explain part of the familial risk for cancer. We therefore conducted a genome-wide search for heritable methylation marks associated with prostate cancer risk. Peripheral blood DNA methylation was measured for 133 of the 469 members of 25 multiple-case prostate cancer families, using the EPIC array. We used these families to systematically search the genome for methylation marks with Mendelian patterns of inheritance, then we tested the 1,000 most heritable marks for association with prostate cancer risk. After correcting for multiple testing, 41 heritable methylation marks were associated with prostate cancer risk. Separate analyses, based on 869 incident cases and 869 controls from a prospective cohort study, showed that 9 of these marks near the metastable epiallele VTRNA2-1 were also nominally associated with aggressive prostate cancer risk in the population.

CLDN6 Suppresses Migration and Invasion of MCF-7 and SKBR-3 Breast Cancer Cells by Blocking the SMAD/Snail/MMP-2/9 Axis - T. Liu; L. Jiang; Q. Bai; S. Wu; X. Yu; T. Wu; J. Wang; X. Zhang; H. Li; K. Zhao; L. Wang (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2023)

Artificial Neural Network-Based Activities Classification, Gait Phase Estimation, and Prediction - Shuangyue Yu; Jianfu Yang; Tzu-Hao Huang; Junxi Zhu; Christopher J. Visco; Farah Hameed; Joel Stein; Xianlian Zhou; Hao Su (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)

Biomass valorization toward sustainable asphalt pavements: Progress and prospects - Liang He; Mengzhe Tao; Zhuang Liu; Zhi Cao; Jiqing Zhu; Jie Gao; Wim Van den bergh; Emmanuel Chailleux; Yue Huang; Kamilla Vasconcelos; Augusto Cannone Falchetto; Romain Balieu; et al. (Waste Management, 2023)

Divergent spatiotemporal variability of terrestrial water storage and eight hydroclimatic components over three different scales of the Yangtze River basin - Nengfang Chao; Fupeng Li; Nan Yu; Gang Chen; Zhengtao Wang; Guichong Ouyang; Pat J.-F. Yeh (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Detrital zircon signals of the late Eocene provenance change of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea - Yichao Li; Chenglin Gong; Guangrong Peng; Xinwei Qiu; Ronald J. Steel; Zhangbo Xiao; Yanbing He; Kun Qi; Yixin Yu (Sedimentary Geology, 2023)

Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: Species diversity, new records, and conservation status - Rodulf Anthony T. Balisco; Victor S. Ticzon; Badi R. Samaniego; Wen-Chien Huang; Benjamin J. Gonzales; Te-Yu Liao (Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2023)

Rare earth elements detoxification mechanism in the hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis: [silicon-pectin] matrix fixation - Hong-Xiang Zheng; Yu-Lu Yang; Wen-Shen Liu; Ying Zhong; Yue Cao; Rong-Liang Qiu; Chong Liu; Antony van der Ent; Martin J. Hodson; Ye-Tao Tang (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Novel waste-derived non-noble metal catalysts to accelerate acidic and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction - Peitao Zhao; Yanling Zhao; Huagen Liang; Xueping Song; Bo Yu; Fang Liu; Art J. Ragauskas; Cuiping Wang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

The effects of intrinsic water-use efficiency and climate on wood anatomy - Yixue Hong; Xiaohong Liu; J. Julio Camarero; Guobao Xu; Lingnan Zhang; Xiaomin Zeng; Amy Ny Aina Aritsara; Yu Zhang; Wenzhi Wang; Xiaoyu Xing; Qiangqiang Lu (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2023)

Uncertainty quantification of inflow on passive scalar dispersion in an urban environment - Bharathi Boppana; Vinh-Tan Nguyen; Daniel J. Wise; Jason Yu Chuan Leong (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2023)

Spatial and temporal scaling of sub-daily extreme rainfall for data sparse places - R. L. Wilby; C. W. Dawson; D. Yu; Z. Herring; A. Baruch; M. J. Ascott; D. L. Finney; D. M. J. Macdonald; J. H. Marsham; T. Matthews; C. Murphy (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
Global efforts to upgrade water, drainage, and sanitation services are hampered by hydrometeorological data-scarcity plus uncertainty about climate change. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) tables are used routinely to design water infrastructure so offer an entry point for adapting engineering standards. This paper begins with a novel procedure for guiding downscaling predictor variable selection for heavy rainfall simulation using media reports of pluvial flooding. We then present a three-step workflow to: (1) spatially downscale daily rainfall from grid-to-point resolutions; (2) temporally scale from daily series to sub-daily extreme rainfalls and; (3) test methods of temporal scaling of extreme rainfalls within Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations under changed climate conditions. Critically, we compare the methods of moments and of parameters for temporal scaling annual maximum series of daily rainfall into sub-daily extreme rainfalls, whilst accounting for rainfall intermittency. The methods are applied to Kampala, Uganda and Kisumu, Kenya using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), two RCM simulations covering East Africa (CP4 and P25), and in hybrid form (RCM-SDSM). We demonstrate that Gumbel parameters (and IDF tables) can be reliably scaled to durations of 3 h within observations and RCMs. Our hybrid RCM-SDSM scaling reduces errors in IDF estimates for the present climate when compared with direct RCM output. Credible parameter scaling relationships are also found within RCM simulations under changed climate conditions. We then discuss the practical aspects of applying such workflows to other city-regions.

MMS observation of cold electrons in the magnetotail reconnection separatrix region - Z.Z. Chen; J. Yu; C.M. Liu; J. Wang; J. Cui; J.B. Cao (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Rhizosphere-induced shift in the composition of bacterial community favors mineralization of crop residue nitrogen - Zhihuang Xie; Zhenhua Yu; Yansheng Li; Guanghua Wang; Caixian Tang; Ulrike Mathesius; Xiaobing Liu; Junjie Liu; Judong Liu; Yuan Chen; Shaoqing Zhang; Stephen J. Herbert; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2023)

Bringing the Nature Futures Framework to life: creating a set of illustrative narratives of nature futures - América Paz Durán; Jan J. Kuiper; Ana Paula Dutra Aguiar; William W. L. Cheung; Mariteuw Chimère Diaw; Ghassen Halouani; Shizuka Hashimoto; Maria A. Gasalla; Garry D. Peterson; Machteld A. Schoolenberg; Rovshan Abbasov; Lilibeth A. Acosta; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2023)
To halt further destruction of the biosphere, most people and societies around the globe need to transform their relationships with nature. The internationally agreed vision under the Convention of Biological Diversity—Living in harmony with nature—is that “By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people”. In this context, there are a variety of debates between alternative perspectives on how to achieve this vision. Yet, scenarios and models that are able to explore these debates in the context of “living in harmony with nature” have not been widely developed. To address this gap, the Nature Futures Framework has been developed to catalyse the development of new scenarios and models that embrace a plurality of perspectives on desirable futures for nature and people. In this paper, members of the IPBES task force on scenarios and models provide an example of how the Nature Futures Framework can be implemented for the development of illustrative narratives representing a diversity of desirable nature futures: information that can be used to assess and develop scenarios and models whilst acknowledging the underpinning value perspectives on nature. Here, the term illustrative reflects the multiple ways in which desired nature futures can be captured by these narratives. In addition, to explore the interdependence between narratives, and therefore their potential to be translated into scenarios and models, the six narratives developed here were assessed around three areas of the transformative change debate, specifically, (1) land sparing vs. land sharing, (2) Half Earth vs. Whole Earth conservation, and (3) green growth vs. post-growth economic development. The paper concludes with an assessment of how the Nature Futures Framework could be used to assist in developing and articulating transformative pathways towards desirable nature futures.

Quantum neuronal sensing of quantum many-body states on a 61-qubit programmable superconducting processor - Ming Gong; He-Liang Huang; Shiyu Wang; Chu Guo; Shaowei Li; Yulin Wu; Qingling Zhu; Youwei Zhao; Shaojun Guo; Haoran Qian; Yangsen Ye; Chen Zha; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2023)

A temporally relaxed theory of physically or chemically non-equilibrium solute transport in heterogeneous porous media - Ying-Fan Lin; Junqi Huang; Elliot J. Carr; Tung-Chou Hsieh; Hongbin Zhan; Hwa-Lung Yu (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Bona fide upcycling strategy of anhydride cured epoxy and reutilization of decomposed dual monomers into multipurpose applications - Lin Shao; Yu-Chung Chang; Baoming Zhao; Xinyan Yan; Brian J. Bliss; Ming-en Fei; Chenhao Yu; Jinwen Zhang (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Electronic and structural engineering of supported single atomic layer, low-nuclearity palladium catalysts for conversion of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol - Xiaowen Lu; Tingting Luo; Mingyang Zhang; J Hugh Horton; Qiong Wu; Wei Wu; Man Qiao; Yu Wang; Zhijun Li (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

RETRACTED: Production of biochar from tropical fruit tree residues and ecofriendly applications – A review - Zheli Ding; Yu Ge; Sarath C. Gowd; Ekta Singh; Vinay Kumar; Deepshi Chaurasia; Vikas Kumar; Karthik Rajendran; Preeti Chaturvedi Bhargava; Peicong Wu; Fei Lin; Sharareh Harirchi; et al. (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Field validation of isotropic analytical models for simulating fabric shades - Taoning Wang; Eleanor S. Lee; Gregory J. Ward; Tammie Yu (Building and Environment, 2023)

Biomarkers of aging - Hainan Bao; Jiani Cao; Mengting Chen; Min Chen; Wei Chen; Xiao Chen; Yanhao Chen; Yu Chen; Yutian Chen; Zhiyang Chen; Jagadish K. Chhetri; Yingjie Ding; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2023)

Across‐model spread and shrinking in predicting peatland carbon dynamics under global change - Enqing Hou; Shuang Ma; Yuanyuan Huang; Yu Zhou; Hyung‐Sub Kim; Efrén López‐Blanco; Lifen Jiang; Jianyang Xia; Feng Tao; Christopher Williams; Mathew Williams; Daniel Ricciuto; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Large across‐model spread in simulating land carbon (C) dynamics has been ubiquitously demonstrated in model intercomparison projects (MIPs), and became a major impediment in advancing climate change prediction. Thus, it is imperative to identify underlying sources of the spread. Here, we used a novel matrix approach to analytically pin down the sources of across‐model spread in transient peatland C dynamics in response to a factorial combination of two atmospheric CO 2 levels and five temperature levels. We developed a matrix‐based MIP by converting the C cycle module of eight land models (i.e., TEM, CENTURY4, DALEC2, TECO, FBDC, CASA, CLM4.5 and ORCHIDEE) into eight matrix models. While the model average of ecosystem C storage was comparable to the measurement, the simulation differed largely among models, mainly due to inter‐model difference in baseline C residence time. Models generally overestimated net ecosystem production (NEP), with a large spread that was mainly attributed to inter‐model difference in environmental scalar. Based on the sources of spreads identified, we sequentially standardized model parameters to shrink simulated ecosystem C storage and NEP to almost none. Models generally captured the observed negative response of NEP to warming, but differed largely in the magnitude of response, due to differences in baseline C residence time and temperature sensitivity of decomposition. While there was a lack of response of NEP to elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) concentrations in the measurements, simulated NEP responded positively to eCO 2 concentrations in most models, due to the positive responses of simulated net primary production. Our study used one case study in Minnesota peatland to demonstrate that the sources of across‐model spreads in simulating transient C dynamics can be precisely traced to model structures and parameters, regardless of their complexity, given the protocol that all the matrix models were driven by the same gross primary production and environmental variables.

Uncertainty of Vowel Predictions as a Digital Biomarker for Ataxic Dysarthria - Dmitry Yu. Isaev; Roza M. Vlasova; J. Matias Di Martino; Christopher D. Stephen; Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Guillermo Sapiro; Anoopum S. Gupta (The Cerebellum, 2023)

Regional variability in peatland burning at mid-to high-latitudes during the Holocene - Thomas G. Sim; Graeme T. Swindles; Paul J. Morris; Andy J. Baird; Angela V. Gallego-Sala; Yuwan Wang; Maarten Blaauw; Philip Camill; Michelle Garneau; Mark Hardiman; Julie Loisel; Minna Vӓliranta; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Study on the antineoplastic and toxicological effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf infusion using the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model - Manyou Yu; Irene Gouvinhas; Maria J. Pires; Maria J. Neuparth; Rui M. Gil da Costa; Rui Medeiros; Margarida M.S.M. Bastos; Helena Vala; Luis Félix; Carlos Venâncio; Ana I.R.N.A. Barros; Paula A. Oliveira (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Inulin for surimi gel fortification: Performance and molecular weight-dependent effects - Xinyue Piao; Jiabao Huang; Yu Sun; Yadong Zhao; Bin Zheng; Yufang Zhou; Haixia Yu; Rusen Zhou; Patrick J. Cullen (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023)

RETRACTED: Valorization of tropical fruits waste for production of commercial biorefinery products – A review - Zheli Ding; Yu Ge; Taner Sar; Vinay Kumar; Sharareh Harirchi; Parameswaran Binod; Ranjna Sirohi; Raveendran Sindhu; Peicong Wu; Fei Lin; Zengqiang Zhang; Mohammad J. Taherzadeh; et al. (Bioresource Technology, 2023)

Greenhouse-gas forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and related worldwide sea-level change - Matthew P. Couldrey; Jonathan M. Gregory; Xiao Dong; Oluwayemi Garuba; Helmuth Haak; Aixue Hu; William J. Hurlin; Jiangbo Jin; Johann Jungclaus; Armin Köhl; Hailong Liu; Sayantani Ojha; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
The effect of anthropogenic climate change in the ocean is challenging to project because atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) respond differently to forcing. This study focuses on changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), ocean heat content ( $$Δ$$ Δ OHC), and the spatial pattern of ocean dynamic sea level ( $$Δ ζ$$ Δ ζ ). We analyse experiments following the FAFMIP protocol, in which AOGCMs are forced at the ocean surface with standardised heat, freshwater and momentum flux perturbations, typical of those produced by doubling $$\hbox {CO}_{{2}}$$ CO 2 . Using two new heat-flux-forced experiments, we find that the AMOC weakening is mainly caused by and linearly related to the North Atlantic heat flux perturbation, and further weakened by a positive coupled heat flux feedback. The quantitative relationships are model-dependent, but few models show significant AMOC change due to freshwater or momentum forcing, or to heat flux forcing outside the North Atlantic. AMOC decline causes warming at the South Atlantic-Southern Ocean interface. It does not strongly affect the global-mean vertical distribution of $$Δ$$ Δ OHC, which is dominated by the Southern Ocean. AMOC decline strongly affects $$Δ ζ$$ Δ ζ in the North Atlantic, with smaller effects in the Southern Ocean and North Pacific. The ensemble-mean $$Δ ζ$$ Δ ζ and $$Δ$$ Δ OHC patterns are mostly attributable to the heat added by the flux perturbation, with smaller effects from ocean heat and salinity redistribution. The ensemble spread, on the other hand, is largely due to redistribution, with pronounced disagreement among the AOGCMs.

Altered cerebral blood flow in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review - Cecily G. Swinford; Shannon L. Risacher; Yu-Chien Wu; Liana G. Apostolova; Sujuan Gao; Paula J. Bice; Andrew J. Saykin (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2023)

Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions - Masahito Ueyama; Sara H. Knox; Kyle B. Delwiche; Sheel Bansal; William J. Riley; Dennis Baldocchi; Takashi Hirano; Gavin McNicol; Karina Schafer; Lisamarie Windham‐Myers; Benjamin Poulter; Robert B. Jackson; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH 4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co‐occurrence of CH 4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data‐model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data‐constrained model—iPEACE—reasonably reproduced CH 4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH 4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter‐site variations in CH 4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH 4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant‐mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH 4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI ( 4 production and CH 4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH 4 production, plant‐mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH 4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH 4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH 4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH 4 fluxes.

Longitudinal characterization of cerebral hemodynamics in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer’s disease - Xing Fang; Chengyun Tang; Huawei Zhang; Jane J. Border; Yedan Liu; Seung Min Shin; Hongwei Yu; Richard J. Roman; Fan Fan (GeroScience, 2023)

New reduction of old glass astronomical plates of Pallas and Vesta in 1956–1994 based on Gaia DR3 catalogue - L.L. Wang; Y. Yu; Q.X. Yuldoshev; Sh.A. Ehgamberdiev; Z.J. Shang; M.T. Yang; J. Yang; S. Dong; D.M. Da; Z.H. Tang; J.H. Zhao; M.M. Muminov (Planetary and Space Science, 2023)

Reaction of decabromodiphenyl ether with organo-modified clay-templated zero-valent iron in water-tetrahydrofuran solution: Nano- to micrometric scale effects - Kai Yu; Yanni Lv; Cun Liu; Stephen A. Boyd; Brian J. Teppen; Hui Li (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Mantle structure and dynamics at the eastern boundary of the northern Cascadia backarc - Claire A. Currie; Deirdre A. Mallyon; Tai-Chieh Yu; Yunfeng Chen; Andrew J. Schaeffer; Pascal Audet; Yu Jeffrey Gu (Journal of Geodynamics, 2023)

Number of COVID-19 cases required in a population to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in the province of Alberta, Canada: Sensitivity assessment - Qiaozhi Li; Bonita E. Lee; Tiejun Gao; Yuanyuan Qiu; Erik Ellehoj; Jiaao Yu; Mathew Diggle; Graham Tipples; Rasha Maal-Bared; Deena Hinshaw; Christopher Sikora; Nicholas J. Ashbolt; et al. (Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2023)

Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Sorption of Cells of the Electrogenic Bacterium Strain Micrococcus luteus on Carbon Cloth - D. I. Stom; M. N. Saksonov; E. I. Gavlik; G. O. Zhdanova; S. A. Sasim; T. Ph. Kazarinova; M. Yu. Tolstoy; J. Gescher (Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2023)

Response of zooplankton to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic matter: Food quality constraints induced by microbes - Yali Tang; Ling Su; Ruohua Xu; Sirui Wang; Yaling Su; Zhengwen Liu; Jinlei Yu; Henri J. Dumont; Erik Jeppesen (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Terrestrial inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) stimulate microbial growth by supplying organic carbon and DOM‐associated nutrients, and thus increase food availability for zooplankton. Terrestrial inputs of DOM might decrease the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in particular organic matter (POM) due to an increase in biomass of EPA‐poor microbes, for example, heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic cyanobacteria, thereby reducing food quality and filter‐feeding zooplankton's biomass. We performed a 26‐d mesocosm experiment where terrestrial DOM was manipulated by adding (treatments) and kept without adding (controls) 13 C‐labeled maize leachate to evaluate the effect of food quality changes induced by terrestrial DOM inputs on zooplankton. DOM addition treatments had significantly higher concentrations of POM and Chlorophyll a relative to controls, but significant lower EPA content of POM, responding to increased biomass of bacteria and chlorophytes. Biomass and EPA content of filter‐feeding cladoceran Chydorus sphaericus was significantly reduced by terrestrial DOM addition. Stable isotope analyses showed 13 C enrichments in bacteria and cryptophytes in the treatment of 13 C‐labeled maize leachate, indicating a growth stimulation of heterotrophic microbes by organic carbon addition. Although the 13 C enrichment in Chydorus evidenced the extensive use of terrestrial DOM by this cladoceran, positive relationships between Chydorus biomass and EPA content of POM suggest that terrestrial DOM inputs increase food quality constrains on filter‐feeding zooplankton. Our study suggests that the response of filter‐feeding zooplankton to inputs of terrestrial DOM depends on how the terrestrial inputs change the microbial communities and thus the food quality in the receiving aquatic ecosystems.

Maternal exposure to nitrosamines in drinking water during pregnancy and birth outcomes in a Chinese cohort - Qiong Luo; Yu Miao; Chong Liu; Er Bei; Jin-Feng Zhang; Ling-Hua Zhang; Yan-Ling Deng; Yu Qiu; Wen-Qing Lu; J. Michael Wright; Chao Chen; Qiang Zeng (Chemosphere, 2023)

Analysis of spatiotemporal variation in dissolved organic carbon concentrations for streams with cropland-dominated watersheds - Yong Q. Tian; Qian Yu; Hunter J. Carrick; Brian L. Becker; Remegio Confesor; Mark Francek; Olivia C. Anderson (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Do neighbourhood traffic-related air pollution and socio-economic status moderate the associations of the neighbourhood physical environment with cognitive function? Findings from the AusDiab study - Ester Cerin; Anthony Barnett; Yu-Tzu Wu; Erika Martino; Jonathan E. Shaw; Luke D. Knibbs; Govinda Poudel; Bin Jalaludin; Kaarin J. Anstey (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Impact of blood tube additives and timing of sampling on blood taurine concentrations in clinically healthy dogs - K. Kriström; J. Häggström; A. Tidholm; J.Z. Yu; A.J. Fascetti; I. Ljungvall (Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 2023)

Carbonized wood impregnated with bimetallic nanoparticles as a monolithic continuous-flow microreactor for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol - Qingtong Zhang; Rosie J. Somerville; Lan Chen; Yuanyuan Yu; Zhaofu Fei; Shuangfei Wang; Paul J. Dyson; Douyong Min (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

An integrated biohydrometallurgical approach for the extraction of base metals from printed circuit boards - Jonovan Van Yken; Ka Yu Cheng; Naomi J. Boxall; Aleksandar N. Nikoloski; Navid Moheimani; Marjorie Valix; Anna H. Kaksonen (Hydrometallurgy, 2023)

Climatic factors and human population changes in Eurasia between the Last Glacial Maximum and the early Holocene - Yanyan Yu; Feng He; Stephen J. Vavrus; Amber Johnson; Haibin Wu; Wenchao Zhang; Qiuzhen Yin; Junyi Ge; Chenglong Deng; Michael D. Petraglia; Zhengtang Guo (Global and Planetary Change, 2023)

Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis - VA. Florez-Garcia; EC. Guevara-Romero; MM. Hawkins; LE. Bautista; TE. Jenson; J. Yu; AE. Kalkbrenner (Environmental Research, 2023)

Possible influence of typhoons, volcanic ash, and ocean productivity on early larval survival and Japanese eel annual cohort recruitment - Yu-Lin K. Chang; Michael J. Miller (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2023)

Atomically dispersed single ruthenium sites anchored on bismuth tungstate with synergistic geometric and electronic effects for epoxidation of trans-stilbene - Xiuli Dong; Chun Wang; Mingyang Zhang; Siqi Ji; Leipeng Leng; J. Hugh Horton; Hongliang Dong; Man Qiao; Yu Wang; Jiangwei Zhang; Zhijun Li (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

An Early Cretaceous gold mineralization event in the Triassic West Qinling orogen revealed from U-Pb titanite dating of the Ma’anqiao gold deposit - Chongguo He; Jianwei Li; Daniel J. Kontak; Xiaoye Jin; Yafei Wu; Hao Hu; Bo Zu; Xueling Yu; Shaorui Zhao; Shiguang Du; Yunlong Zhu; Huan Tao (Science China Earth Sciences, 2023)

Peronosclerospora neglecta sp. nov.—a widespread and overlooked threat to corn (maize) production in the tropics - Amran Muis; Malcolm J. Ryley; Yu Pei Tan; Radix Suharjo; Nurnina Nonci; Yanuar Danaatmadja; Iman Hidayat; Ani Widiastuti; Sri Widinugraheni; Roger G. Shivas; Marco Thines (Mycological Progress, 2023)
Downy mildew is a serious threat to corn (maize) production in the tropics and subtropics. Corn is native to Central America, and was introduced into South-East Asia by the Spanish colonisers in the 1700s. Corn is evolutionarily naïve to downy mildews of the genus Peronosclerospora . Consequently, corn monocultures are particularly susceptible to a variety of Peronosclerospora species, which spread to the crop from local grasses. Globally, corn is one of the most important crops for both humans and livestock. Several downy mildews of corn have been identified as potential threats to global food security, and trade with corn seeds is strictly regulated to avoid spreading the pathogens. Despite their importance, little is known about the biodiversity of graminicolous downy mildews, because their identification has often relied on variable morphological features, such as conidial dimensions. DNA barcodes for most species have become available only recently. During surveys for downy mildews on corn in Indonesia, a previously unrecognised species of Peronosclerospora was found and investigated using a combination of morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species, introduced here as Peronosclerospora neglecta , is widely distributed in South-East Asia from Thailand to eastern Indonesia. The impact of this downy mildew can be severe, with complete crop losses in heavily affected fields. Given the aggressiveness of the species, close surveillance is warranted to restrict its further spread.

Chinese consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring of polymyxin B, endorsed by the Infection and Chemotherapy Committee of the Shanghai Medical Association and the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society - Xiaofen Liu; Chenrong Huang; Phillip J. Bergen; Jian Li; Jingjing Zhang; Yijian Chen; Yongchuan Chen; Beining Guo; Fupin Hu; Jinfang Hu; Linlin Hu; Xin Li; et al. (Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2023)

Baicalein Inhibits the Growth of Transplanted Esophageal Cancer in Mice and the Effect on the Expression of PAK4 - Yao Liu; X. Sun; J. Liu; W. Liu; J. Jin; Yu Liu (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2023)

Endothelial cell expression of mutant Map2k1 causes vascular malformations in mice - Patrick J. Smits; Christopher L. Sudduth; Dennis J. Konczyk; Yu Sheng Cheng; Matthew P. Vivero; Harry P. W. Kozakewich; Matthew L. Warman; Arin K. Greene (Angiogenesis, 2023)

What is the role of disturbance in catalyzing spatial shifts in forest composition and tree species biomass under climate change? - Yu Liang; Eric J. Gustafson; Hong S. He; Josep M. Serra‐Diaz; Matthew J. Duveneck; Jonathan R. Thompson (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Mounting evidence suggests that climate change will cause shifts of tree species range and abundance (biomass). Abundance changes under climate change are likely to occur prior to a detectable range shift. Disturbances are expected to directly affect tree species abundance and composition, and could profoundly influence tree species spatial distribution within a geographical region. However, how multiple disturbance regimes will interact with changing climate to alter the spatial distribution of species abundance remains unclear. We simulated such forest demographic processes using a forest landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS‐II) parameterized with forest inventory data in the northeastern United States. Our study incorporated climate change under a high‐emission future and disturbance regimes varying with gradients of intensities and spatial extents. The results suggest that disturbances catalyze changes in tree species abundance and composition under a changing climate, but the effects of disturbances differ by intensity and extent. Moderate disturbances and large extent disturbances have limited effects, while high‐intensity disturbances accelerate changes by removing cohorts of mid‐ and late‐successional species, creating opportunities for early‐successional species. High‐intensity disturbances result in the northern movement of early‐successional species and the southern movement of late‐successional species abundances. Our study is among the first to systematically investigate how disturbance extent and intensity interact to determine the spatial distribution of changes in species abundance and forest composition.

Responses of a semiarid grassland to recurrent drought are linked to community functional composition - Wentao Luo; Taofeek O. Muraina; Robert J. Griffin‐Nolan; Wang Ma; Lin Song; Wei Fu; Qiang Yu; Alan K. Knapp; Zhengwen Wang; Xingguo Han; Scott L. Collins (Ecology, 2023)
Recurrent droughts are an inevitable consequence of climate change, yet how grasslands respond to such events is unclear. We conducted a 6‐year rainfall manipulation experiment in a semiarid grassland that consisted of an initial 2‐year drought (2015–2016), followed by a recovery period (2017–2018) and, finally, a second 2‐year drought (2019–2020). In each year, we estimated aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species richness, community‐weighted mean (CWM) plant traits, and several indices of functional diversity. The initial drought led to reduced ANPP, which was primarily driven by limited growth of forbs in the first year and grasses in the second year. Total ANPP completely recovered as the rapid recovery of grass productivity compensated for the slow recovery of forb productivity. The subsequent drought led to a greater reduction in total ANPP than the initial drought due to the greater decline of both grass and forb productivity. The structural equation models revealed that soil moisture influenced ANPP responses directly during the initial drought, and indirectly during the subsequent drought by lowering functional diversity, which resulted in reduced total ANPP. Additionally, ANPP was positively influenced by CWM plant height and leaf nitrogen during the recovery period and recurrent drought, respectively. Overall, the greater impact of the second drought on ecosystem function than the initial drought, as well as the underlying differential mechanism, underscores the need for an understanding of how increased drought frequency may alter semiarid grassland functioning.

Facilitation of non-indigenous ascidian by marine eco-engineering interventions at an urban site - Nina Schaefer; Francisco Sedano; Melanie J. Bishop; Kate Dunn; M. Hank Haeusler; K. Daniel Yu; Yannis Zavoleas; Katherine A. Dafforn (Biofouling, 2023)

Origins of clay-rich strata in Cenozoic paleochannel deposits: an example from Suttor Formation, Queensland - T. Yu; J. Cooling; J. Esterle; T. Chadwick; A. Babaahmadi (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023)

Nature and evolution of diagenetic fluids in the deeply buried Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation, Tarim Basin, China - T. Y. Wei; C. F. Cai; Y. J. Hu; H. Y. Yu; D. W. Liu; Z. W. Jiang; D. W. Wang (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023)

Evaluating the release and metabolism of ricinine from castor cake fertilizer in soils using a LC-QTOF/MS coupled with SIRIUS workflow - Kai-Xuan Zheng; Cheng-Hua Liu; Sichao Wang; Yu-Min Tzou; Chih-Min Chiang; Shiou-Ruei Lin; Hsiao-Ying Yang; Jerry J. Wu; Ya-Hui Chuang (Chemosphere, 2023)

CO2 dynamics in a small and old subtropical reservoir in East Asia: Environmental controls driving seasonal and spatial variability - Chun Ngai Chan; Matthew J. Bogard; Fong Ching Ma; Yu Ching Ip; Boyi Liu; Shuai Chen; Lishan Ran (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Corrigendum to “Comparative efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on major cardiovascular events: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” [Progress in Lipid Research. 2022 Oct 28;88:101196. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101196] - Bo Yang; Ping-Tao Tseng; Xiang Hu; Bing-Yan Zeng; Jane Pei-Chen Chang; Yang Liu; Wei-Jie Chu; Shuang-Shuang Zhang; Zhi-Liang Zhou; Chih-Sheng Chu; Cheng-Ho Chang; Yu-Kang Tu; et al. (Progress in Lipid Research, 2023)

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Panjal Traps from the southern Pir Panjal Range, Kashmir, India - Wei-Yu Chen; J. Gregory Shellnutt; Ghulam M. Bhat; Maria Luisa G. Tejada; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Steven W. Denyszyn (Lithos, 2023)

Prediction of enteric methane emissions by sheep using an intercontinental database - Alejandro Belanche; Alexander N. Hristov; Henk J. van Lingen; Stuart E. Denman; Ermias Kebreab; Angela Schwarm; Michael Kreuzer; Mutian Niu; Maguy Eugène; Vincent Niderkorn; Cécile Martin; Harry Archimède; et al. (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Marked shifts of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea linked with combined impacts of environmental changes - Xiao-Yu Li; Ren-Cheng Yu; Anthony J. Richardson; Chaojiao Sun; Ruth Eriksen; Fan-Zhou Kong; Zheng-Xi Zhou; Hui-Xia Geng; Qing-Chun Zhang; Ming-Jiang Zhou (Harmful Algae, 2023)

Terrestrial rather than volcanic mercury inputs to the Yangtze Platform (South China) during the Ordovician-Silurian transition - Yu Liu; Yuanchun Li; Mingcai Hou; Jun Shen; Thomas J. Algeo; Junxuan Fan; Xiaolin Zhou; Qing Chen; Zongyuan Sun; Chao Li (Global and Planetary Change, 2023)

Simultaneous detection of two herbicides in fruits and vegetables with nanoparticle-linked immunosorbent and lateral flow immunoassays - Eunice Y. Kwon; Xiaofan Ruan; Fei Yu; Yuehe Lin; Dan Du; Bernard J. Van Wie (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not associated with behavior problems in preschool and early school-aged children: A prospective multi-cohort study - Erin R. Wallace; Erin Buth; Adam A. Szpiro; Yu Ni; Christine T. Loftus; Erin Masterson; Drew B. Day; Bob Z. Sun; Alexis Sullivan; Emily Barrett; Ruby HN. Nguyen; Morgan Robinson; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Brown tides linked to the unique nutrient profile in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China - Zhengxi Zhou; Fanzhou Kong; Qingchun Zhang; Yan Gao; Florian Koch; Christopher J. Gobler; Zhenfan Chen; Yunfeng Wang; Rencheng Yu (Environmental Research, 2023)

Hydrogenolysis of n-eicosane over Ru-based catalysts in a continuous flow reactor - Siwon Lee; Kai Shen; Ching-Yu Wang; John M. Vohs; Raymond J. Gorte (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Metabolic clearance of oxaloacetate and mitochondrial complex II respiration: Divergent control in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue - Liping Yu; Brian D. Fink; Ritu Som; Adam J. Rauckhorst; Eric B. Taylor; William I. Sivitz (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2023)

Single-cell technologies uncover intra-tumor heterogeneity in childhood cancers - Yu-Chen Lo; Yuxuan Liu; Marte Kammersgaard; Abhishek Koladiya; Timothy J. Keyes; Kara L. Davis (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2023)

Nanoscale zero-valent-iron-loaded sugarcane bagasse composite as an efficient adsorbent for phosphate sorption from aqueous solution - R. Zhou; H. Li; J. Yu; R. Chi (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Water-in-zircon: a discriminant between S- and I-type granitoid - Jing Mo; Xiao-Ping Xia; Peng-Fei Li; Christopher J. Spencer; Chun-Kit Lai; Jian Xu; Qing Yang; Ming-Dao Sun; Yang Yu; Luke Milan (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023)

Climate change impacts on linkages between atmospheric blocking and North American winter cold spells in CanESM2 and CanESM5 - Dae Il Jeong; Bin Yu; Alex J. Cannon (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
This study investigates changes in linkages between atmospheric blocking and winter (December–February) cold spells over the Pacific-North America region in two large-ensembles of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM2 and CanESM5 under high-emission scenarios). The two ensembles show decreases in winter blocking frequency over the North Pacific from 1981–2010 baseline to 2071–2100, with larger decreases in CanESM5 (− 3.08%/decade) than CanESM2 (− 1.73%/decade). Using a time-invariant (stationary) threshold estimated from the baseline to define cold days, the two ensembles project a decline in cold spell events as future air temperature increases; the occasional occurrence of cold spell events is still projected to occur at the end of the century. Using a time-dependent (nonstationary) climatological threshold, CanESM2 and CanESM5 ensembles project modest decreases in cold spell days over North America (− 2.0 and − 2.3%/decade). With the nonstationary threshold, the two ensembles project decreases in winter cold spell frequency during blocking, with larger decreases in CanESM5 (13%) than CanESM2 (3%) for 2071–2100 period compared to the baseline. The two ensembles display similar blocking-cold spell linkages between the baseline and future periods; however, the linkage is weaker and exhibits larger uncertainty in the future. Moreover, temperature advection and net heat flux anomalies during blocking are generally weaker for the future period, resulting in weaker impacts on North American cold spells with larger uncertainty associated with increases in internal-variability.

Mikania sesquiterpene lactones enhance soil bacterial diversity and fungal and bacterial activities - Hanxia Yu; Johannes J. Le Roux; Mengxin Zhao; Weihua Li (Biological Invasions, 2023)

The landscape of aging - Yusheng Cai; Wei Song; Jiaming Li; Ying Jing; Chuqian Liang; Liyuan Zhang; Xia Zhang; Wenhui Zhang; Beibei Liu; Yongpan An; Jingyi Li; Baixue Tang; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2022)

A Virtual Crack-Based Numerical Manifold Approach to Crack Initiation, Propagation and Coalescence in Granite - Xian-yang Yu; Tao Xu; Michael J. Heap; Zhen Heng; Wancheng Zhu; Guanglei Zhou; Boyi Su (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022)

Complete genome sequence of a new badnavirus infecting a tea plant in China - Fang Wang; Junyan Zhu; Yu Zhu; Dankan Yan; Qing Dong; Oluwasegun J. Jegede; Qingfa Wu (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Effects of spatially heterogeneous lakeside development on nearshore biotic communities in a large, deep, oligotrophic lake - Michael F. Meyer; Ted Ozersky; Kara H. Woo; Kirill Shchapov; Aaron W. E. Galloway; Julie B. Schram; Emma J. Rosi; Daniel D. Snow; Maxim A. Timofeyev; Dmitry Yu. Karnaukhov; Matthew R. Brousil; Stephanie E. Hampton (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Sewage released from lakeside development can reshape ecological communities. Nearshore periphyton can rapidly assimilate sewage‐associated nutrients, leading to increases of filamentous algal abundance, thus altering both food abundance and quality for grazers. In Lake Baikal, a large, ultra‐oligotrophic, remote lake in Siberia, filamentous algal abundance has increased near lakeside developments, and localized sewage input is the suspected cause. These shifts are of particular interest in Lake Baikal, where endemic littoral biodiversity is high, lakeside settlements are mostly small, tourism is relatively high (~1.2 million visitors annually), and settlements are separated by large tracts of undisturbed shoreline, enabling investigation of heterogeneity and gradients of disturbance. We surveyed sites along 40 km of Baikal's southwestern shore for sewage indicators—pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and microplastics—as well as periphyton and macroinvertebrate abundance and indicators of food web structure (stable isotopes and fatty acids). Summed PPCP concentrations were spatially related to lakeside development. As predicted, lakeside development was associated with more filamentous algae and lower abundance of sewage‐sensitive mollusks. Periphyton and macroinvertebrate stable isotopes and essential fatty acids suggested that food web structure otherwise remained similar across sites; yet, the invariance of amphipod fatty acid composition, relative to periphyton, suggested that grazers adjust behavior or metabolism to compensate for different periphyton assemblages. Our results demonstrate that even low levels of human disturbance can result in spatial heterogeneity of nearshore ecological responses, with potential for changing trophic interactions that propagate through the food web.

SIRT3 Promotes the Development of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating Hexokinase 2 through the AKT Signaling Pathway - M. L. Yuan; L. H. Ren; X. C. Yu; J. W. Dong; R. H. Shi (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2022)

Huge sedimentary hiatus in the southern margin of the North China Craton from mid-Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic - Pengfei Zuo; Yu Li; Haihua Cheng; Christopher J. Spencer; Fengbo Sun; Shiyan Wang; Deshun Zheng (International Geology Review, 2022)

Shyer fish are superior swimmers in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) - Lingli Xiang; Xiangyuan Mi; Yingchao Dang; Yu Zeng; Wei Jiang; Hao Du; William M. Twardek; Steven J. Cooke; Jianghui Bao; Ming Duan (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Differences in individual personality are common amongst animals, which can play an ecological and evolutionary role given links to fitness. Personality affects animal life processes and outputs (e.g., behavior, life history, growth, survival, reproduction), and has become a common theme in animal behavioral ecology research. In the present study, we used Siberian Sturgeon to explore how personality traits of boldness and shyness are related to swimming performance, post exercise recovery and phenotypic morphology. Firstly, our results indicated that the Siberian sturgeon juveniles of shyness were better swimmers, validating evolutionary biology trade-off theory. The critical swimming speed (U crit ) of the shy groups was higher than that of the bold groups. Secondly, the shy groups were more resilient after exercise fatigue. The swimming fatigue recovery ability, the glucose and lactic acid concentration recovery ability of shy groups were greater than that of bold groups. Thirdly, the shy groups were more streamlined. Compared with bold groups, shy groups had smaller caudate stalk lengths, caudate stalk heights, superior caudal lobes, and inferior caudal lobes. In general, we demonstrated that shy Siberian sturgeon had better swimming performance from physiology and morphology. These research results further enrich the theoretical viewpoints of fish behavior biology, more importantly, which provided a good example for studying the relationship between sturgeon’s “personality” and swimming performance.

On capturing human agency and methodological interdisciplinarity in socio-hydrology research - David J. Yu; Melissa Haeffner; Hanseok Jeong; Saket Pande; Juliane Dame; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Glenda Garcia-Santos; Leon Hermans; Rachata Muneepeerakul; Fernando Nardi; Matthew R. Sanderson; Fuqiang Tian; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2022)

Differential impacts of adult trees on offspring and non-offspring recruits in a subtropical forest - Fang Wang; Xiangcheng Mi; Lei Chen; Wubing Xu; Walter Durka; Nathan G. Swenson; Daniel J. Johnson; Samantha J. Worthy; Jianhua Xue; Yan Zhu; Bernhard Schmid; Yu Liang; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2022)

Circulating markers of oxidative stress and risk of incident cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea - A. J. Hirsch Allen; Bernardo U. Peres; Yu Liu; Rachel Jen; Aditi Shah; Ismail Laher; Fernanda Almeida; Carolyn Taylor; Ali Abdul Ghafoor; Najib T. Ayas (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2022)

A Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling Approach to Unravel the Complex Pharmacokinetics of Vincristine in Children - A. Laura Nijstad; Wan-Yu Chu; Evelien de Vos-Kerkhof; Catherine F. Enters-Weijnen; Mirjam E. van de Velde; Gertjan J. L. Kaspers; Shelby Barnett; Gareth J. Veal; Arief Lalmohamed; C. Michel Zwaan; Alwin D. R. Huitema (Pharmaceutical Research, 2022)
Background Vincristine, a chemotherapeutic agent that extensively binds to β-tubulin, is commonly dosed at 1.4–2.0 mg/m 2 capped at 2 mg. For infants, doses vary from 0.025–0.05 mg/kg or 50–80% of the mg/m 2 dose. However, evidence for lower doses in infants compared to older children is lacking. This study was conducted to unravel the complex pharmacokinetics of vincristine, including the effects of age, to assist optimal dosing in this population. Methods 206 patients (0.04–33.9 years; 25 patients < 1 years), receiving vincristine, with 1297 plasma concentrations were included. Semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using non-linear mixed effects modelling. Results A three-compartment model, with one saturable compartment resembling saturable binding to β-tubulin and thus, saturable distribution, best described vincristine pharmacokinetics. Body weight and age were covariates significantly influencing the maximal binding capacity to β-tubulin, which increased with increasing body weight and decreased with increasing age. Vincristine clearance (CL) was estimated as 30.6 L/h (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.6–33.0), intercompartmental CL (Q) as 63.2 L/h (95%CI 57.2–70.1), volume of distribution of the central compartment as 5.39 L (95%CI 4.23–6.46) and of the peripheral compartment as 400 L (95%CI 357–463) (all parameters correspond to a patient of 70 kg). The maximal binding capacity was 0.525 mg (95%CI 0.479–0.602) (for an 18 year old patient of 70 kg), with a high association rate constant, fixed at 1300 /h and a dissociation constant of 11.5 /h. Interpretation A decrease of vincristine β-tubulin binding capacity with increasing age suggests that young children tolerate higher doses of vincristine.

Rice yield response to climate and price policy in high-latitude regions of China - Yan Yu; J. Stephen Clark; Qingsong Tian; Fengxian Yan (Food Security, 2022)
Climate change has renewed interest in the production capacity of agriculture. Few researchers paid attention to price policy and heteroscedasticity in yield model. We incorporate rice price policy into the yield model at the expected price using a Tobit procedure and take Kalman filter theory to explore useful information, and then estimate the rice yield response to climate and rice price using a spatial autoregressive combined model in high-latitude regions of China from 1992 to 2018. Meanwhile, we apply two different Breusch-Pagan tests to examine heteroscedasticity. Our results suggest that spatial correlation of the error term is a more critical source of heteroscedasticity and cannot be completely solved by only allowing spatially autocorrelated errors due to possible technology diffusion effects. The results also show that rice price support policy is useful for constructing rice expected prices, and the price elasticities of rice and corn on rice yield are 0.194 and -0.097, respectively. Among climate variables, the total growing degree days in the growing season has positive effects, and monthly accumulated growing degree days also matter, especially in June. Precipitation in July and August has a significant effect with an inverse U shape. Projections of future climate change suggest that rice yield will mainly increase, ranging from 0.095% to 1.769%, but the rate of increase in yield will slow down in the higher-rate global warming. This study shows how price policy could be incorporated into yield response model and highlights the importance of climate factors and crop price policy for rice yield.

Role of ocean dynamics in equatorial Pacific decadal variability - Yu Zhang; Shi-Yun Yu; Shang-Ping Xie; Dillon J. Amaya; Qihua Peng; Yu Kosaka; Xiaopei Lin; Jun-Chao Yang; Sarah M. Larson; Arthur J. Miller; Lei Fan (Climate Dynamics, 2022)

Thickness change of the Tibetan lithosphere since Early Cretaceous as revealed by Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios of volcanic rocks - Zhenhan Wu; Patrick J. Barosh; Qichao Zhang; Zhen Zhao; Junqiu Yu (International Geology Review, 2022)

Increased susceptibility to Chrysanthemum Yellows phytoplasma infection in Atcals7ko plants is accompanied by enhanced expression of carbohydrate transporters - Chiara Bernardini; Simonetta Santi; Giovanni Mian; Amit Levy; Sara Buoso; Joon Hyuk Suh; Yu Wang; Christopher Vincent; Aart J. E. van Bel; Rita Musetti (Planta, 2022)
Main conclusion Loss of CALS7 appears to confer increased susceptibility to phytoplasma infection in Arabidopsis, altering expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and membrane transport . Abstract Callose deposition around sieve pores, under control of callose synthase 7 ( CALS7 ), has been interpreted as a mechanical response to limit pathogen spread in phytoplasma-infected plants. Wild-type and Atcals7ko mutants were, therefore, employed to unveil the mode of involvement of CALS7 in the plant’s response to phytoplasma infection. The fresh weights of healthy and CY-(Chrysanthemum Yellows) phytoplasma-infected Arabidopsis wild type and mutant plants indicated two superimposed effects of the absence of CALS7 : a partial impairment of photo-assimilate transport and a stimulated phytoplasma proliferation as illustrated by a significantly increased phytoplasma titre in Atcal7ko mutants. Further studies solely dealt with the effects of CALS7 absence on phytoplasma growth. Phytoplasma infection affected sieve-element substructure to a larger extent in mutants than in wild-type plants, which was also true for the levels of some free carbohydrates. Moreover, infection induced a similar upregulation of gene expression of enzymes involved in sucrose cleavage ( AtSUS5, AtSUS6 ) and transmembrane transport ( AtSWEET11 ) in mutants and wild-type plants, but an increased gene expression of carbohydrate transmembrane transporters ( AtSWEET12 , AtSTP13 , AtSUC3 ) in infected mutants only. It remains still unclear how the absence of AtCALS7 leads to gene upregulation and how an increased intercellular mobility of carbohydrates and possibly effectors contributes to a higher susceptibility. It is also unclear if modified sieve-pore structures in mutants allow a better spread of phytoplasmas giving rise to higher titre.

Biotite composition as a tracer of fluid evolution and mineralization center: a case study at the Qulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Tibet - Kelong Yu; Guangming Li; Junxing Zhao; Noreen J. Evans; Jinxiang Li; Guangwu Jiang; Xinyu Zou; Kezhang Qin; Hu Guo (Mineralium Deposita, 2022)

GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13) at the Advanced Photon Source: a comprehensive synchrotron radiation facility for Earth science research at ambient and extreme conditions - S. R. Sutton; M. L. Rivers; S. Chariton; P. J. Eng; A. Lanzirotti; M. Newville; T. Officer; V. B. Prakapenka; Y. J. Ryu; J. E. Stubbs; S. Tkachev; Y. Wang; et al. (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2022)

Incomplete denitrification phenotypes in diverse Thermus species from diverse geothermal spring sediments and adjacent soils in southwest China - Chrisabelle C. Mefferd; Enmin Zhou; Cale O. Seymour; Noel A. Bernardo; Shreya Srivastava; Amanda J. Bengtson; Jian-Yu Jiao; Hailiang Dong; Wen-Jun Li; Brian P. Hedlund (Extremophiles, 2022)
A few members of the bacterial genus Thermus have been shown to be incomplete denitrifiers, terminating with nitrite (NO 2 − ) or nitrous oxide (N 2 O). However, the denitrification abilities of the genus as a whole remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe diverse denitrification phenotypes and genotypes of a collection of 24 strains representing ten species, all isolated from a variety of geothermal systems in China. Confirmed terminal products of nitrate reduction were nitrite or N 2 O, while nitric oxide (NO) was inferred as the terminal product in some strains. Most strains produced N 2 O; complete denitrification was not observed. Denitrification phenotypes were largely consistent with the presence of denitrification genes, and strains of the same species often had the same denitrification phenotypes and largely syntenous denitrification gene clusters. Genes for nirS and nirK coexisted in three Thermus brockianus and three Thermus oshimai genomes, which is a unique hallmark of some denitrifying Thermus strains and may be ecologically important. These results show that incomplete denitrification phenotypes are prominent, but variable, within and between Thermus species. The incomplete denitrification phenotypes described here suggest Thermus species may play important roles in consortial denitrification in high-temperature terrestrial biotopes where sufficient supply of oxidized inorganic nitrogen exists.

Rapamycin Enhanced Sensitivity of HT-29 Cells to 5-Fluororacil by Promoting Autophagy - S. Chen; J. Yang; F. Wang; X. Gao; Qiang Liu; Qian Liu; Y. Zhang; Y. Yu (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2022)

Geographical contrasts of Y‐chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions - Isaäc J. Nijman; Benjamin D. Rosen; Philippe Bardou; Thomas Faraut; Tristan Cumer; Kevin G. Daly; Zhuqing Zheng; Yudong Cai; Hojjat Asadollahpour; Bengi Çınar Kul; Wei‐Yi Zhang; Guangxin E.; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
By their paternal transmission, Y‐chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male‐mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single‐nucleotide variants in the SRY , ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y‐chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y‐chromosomal variants from whole‐genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from present‐day bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male‐mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene flow from Asian goats into Madagascar and the crossbreeding that in the 19th century resulted in the popular Boer and Anglo‐Nubian breeds. More recent introgressions are those from European goats into the native Korean goat population and from Boer goat into Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. This study illustrates the power of the Y‐chromosomal variants for reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographical range.

The global biogeography of soil priming effect intensity - Chengjie Ren; Fei Mo; Zhenghu Zhou; Felipe Bastida; Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo; Jieying Wang; Xinyi Zhang; Yiqi Luo; Timothy J. Griffis; Xinhui Han; Gehong Wei; Jun Wang; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Fresh carbon (C) inputs to the soil can have important consequences for the decomposition rates of soil organic matter (priming effect), thereby impacting the delicate global C balance at the soil–atmosphere interface. Yet, the environmental factors that control soil priming effect intensity remain poorly understood at a global scale. Location Global. Time period 1980–2020. Major taxa studied Soil priming effect intensity. Methods We conducted a global dataset of CO 2 effluxes in 711 pairwise soils with 13 C or 14 C simple C sources inputs and without C inputs from incubation experiments in which isotope‐labelled C was used to quantify fresh C‐induced rather than exudate‐induced priming. Results Soil priming effect intensity is predominantly positive. Soil texture and C content were identified as the most important factors associated with priming effects, with sandy soils from tropical and mid‐latitudes supporting the highest soil priming effect intensity, and soils with greater C content and fine textures from high latitudes maintaining the lowest soil priming effects. The negative association between C content and soil priming effect intensity was also indirectly driven by changing mean annual temperature, net primary productivity, and fungi : bacteria ratio. Using this information, we generated a global map of soil priming effect intensity, and found that the priming was lower at high latitudes and higher at lower latitudes. Main conclusions Global patterns of soil priming effect intensity can be predicted using environmental data, with soil texture and C content playing a predominant role in explaining in priming effects. These effects were also indirectly driven by climate, vegetation and soil microbial properties. We present the first global atlas of soil priming effect intensity and advance our knowledge on the potential mechanisms underlying soil priming effect intensity, which are integral to improving the climate change and soil C dynamics components of Earth System models.

Registered clinical trials investigating treatment of long COVID: a scoping review and recommendations for research - Felicia Ceban; Alexia Leber; Muhammad Youshay Jawad; Mathew Yu; Leanna M. W. Lui; Mehala Subramaniapillai; Joshua D. Di Vincenzo; Hartej Gill; Nelson B. Rodrigues; Bing Cao; Yena Lee; Kangguang Lin; et al. (Infectious Diseases, 2022)

Richness, not evenness, varies across water availability gradients in grassy biomes on five continents - Melinda D. Smith; Sally E. Koerner; Meghan L. Avolio; Kimberly J. Komatsu; Stephanie Eby; Elisabeth J. Forrestel; Scott L. Collins; Kevin R. Wilcox; Rodrigo Ahumada; John W. Morgan; Gabriel Oliva; Gastón R. Oñatibia; et al. (Oecologia, 2022)

Characterization of Water Transport in Porous Building Materials Based on an Analytical Spontaneous Imbibition Model - Ming-Liang Qu; Sheng-Yue Lu; Qingyang Lin; Sajjad Foroughi; Zi-Tao Yu; Martin J. Blunt (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Numerical Study of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Periodic Closed-Cell Porous Media - Yu-Lin Shen; Mohammad G. Abdo; Isabella J. Van Rooyen (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Immunosuppression Induced by Brain-Specific HDAC6 Knockdown Improves Aging Performance in Drosophila melanogaster - Yingying Zhao; Hongwen Xuan; Chao Shen; Peiyi Liu; Jing-Dong J. Han; Wei Yu (Phenomics, 2022)

Particle size rather than concentration of silver nanoparticles mainly affects soil N2-fixing bacterial communities - Y. Yu; H. Cheng; J. Zhou; S. Wang; M. Wei; C. Wang (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people - Johannes Tobias Neumann; Le T. P. Thao; Anne M. Murray; Emily Callander; Prudence R. Carr; Mark R. Nelson; Rory Wolfe; Robyn L. Woods; Christopher M. Reid; Raj C. Shah; Anne B. Newman; Jeff D. Williamson; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disability-free survival outcome was defined as absence of dementia, persistent disability or death. Selection of potential predictors from amongst 25 biomedical, psychosocial and lifestyle variables including recognized geriatric risk factors, utilizing a machine-learning approach. Separate models were developed for men and women. The selected predictors were evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and validated internally by bootstrapping. We included 19,114 Australian and US participants aged ≥65 years (median 74 years, IQR 71.6–77.7). Common predictors of a worse prognosis in both sexes included higher age, lower Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, lower gait speed, lower grip strength and abnormal (low or elevated) body mass index. Additional risk factors for men included current smoking, and abnormal eGFR. In women, diabetes and depression were additional predictors. The biased-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the final prognostic models at 5 years were 0.72 for men and 0.75 for women. Final models showed good calibration between the observed and predicted risks. We developed a prediction model in which age, cognitive function and gait speed were the strongest predictors of disability-free survival in healthy older people. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583)

Microevolution of Pieris butterfly genes involved in host plant adaptation along a host plant community cline - Yu Okamura; Ai Sato; Lina Kawaguchi; Atsushi J. Nagano; Masashi Murakami; Heiko Vogel; Juergen Kroymann (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Herbivorous insects have evolved counteradaptations to overcome the chemical defences of their host plants. Several of these counteradaptations have been elucidated at the molecular level, in particular for insects specialized on cruciferous host plants. While the importance of these counteradaptations for host plant colonization is well established, little is known about their microevolutionary dynamics in the field. In particular, it is not known whether and how host plant diversity shapes diversity in insect counteradaptations. In this study, we examine patterns of host plant use and insect counteradaptation in three Pieris butterfly species across Japan. The larvae of these butterflies express nitrile‐specifier protein (NSP) and its paralogue major allergen (MA) in their gut to overcome the highly diversified glucosinolate–myrosinase defence system of their cruciferous host plants. Pieris napi and Pieris melete colonize wild Brassicaceae whereas Pieris rapae typically uses cultivated Brassica as a host, regardless of the local composition of wild crucifers. As expected, NSP and MA diversity was independent of the local composition of wild Brassicaceae in P. rapae . In contrast, NSP diversity correlated with local host plant diversity in both species that preferred wild Brassicaceae. Both P. melete and P. napi revealed two distinct major NSP alleles, which shaped diversity among local populations, albeit with different evolutionary trajectories. In comparison, MA showed no indication for local adaptation. Altogether, MA appeared to be evolutionary more conserved than NSP , suggesting that both genes play different roles in diverting host plant chemical defence.

Acoustic-Gravity Lamb Waves from the Eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Hapai Volcano, Its Energy Release and Impact on Aerosol Concentrations and Tsunami - S. N. Kulichkov; I. P. Chunchuzov; O. E. Popov; G. I. Gorchakov; A. A. Mishenin; V. G. Perepelkin; G. A. Bush; A. I. Skorokhod; Yu. A. Vinogradov; E. G. Semutnikova; J. Šepic; I. P. Medvedev; et al. (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2022)

Influences of atmospheric blocking on North American summer heatwaves in a changing climate: a comparison of two Canadian Earth system model large ensembles - Dae II Jeong; Alex J. Cannon; Bin Yu (Climatic Change, 2022)
As summer heatwaves have severe adverse impacts on human society and ecosystems, there is need to better understand their meteorological drivers and future projections under climate change. This study investigates the linkage between atmospheric blocking and summer (June–August) heatwaves over North America using two reanalysis datasets (ERA-Interim and NCEP-DOE-R2) and two large-ensembles of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM2 and CanESM5) for the 1981–2010 baseline period as well as projected changes under high-emission scenarios out to 2071–2100. Compared to NCEP-DOE-R2, both ensembles underestimate summer blocking frequency in the north Pacific, Alaska, and western Canada (by − 37%), while CanESM2 ensemble also underestimates blocking frequency in central and eastern Canada (by − 36%). CanESM5 generally shows better performance than CanESM2 in its reproduction of blocking frequency over central and eastern Canada, which is consistent with its overall improvements in simulating large-scale climate patterns. The two ensembles, however, agree with the reanalyses in their blocking-heatwave linkages. Above-normal heatwave frequency occurs in the blocking core and its surroundings due to positive heat flux anomalies, while below-normal frequency occurs at remote locations on the eastern and/or southern flanks of the blocking core due to cold air temperature advection anomalies. Future projections in central Canada differ between the models, largely due to the significant under-representation of blocking frequency by CanESM2. However, the two ensembles generally project similar behavior between the baseline and future period for spatial distributions of blocking-heatwave linkages, indicating blocking will continue to play an important role in the development of summer heatwaves in the future.

LINC00839 Promotes the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Sponging miR-1236-3p - J. X. An; Z. S. Ma; W. J. Yu; B. J. Xie; F. S. Zhu; Y. X. Zhou; F. L. Cao (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2022)

Global maps of soil temperature - Jonas J. Lembrechts; Johan van den Hoogen; Juha Aalto; Michael B. Ashcroft; Pieter De Frenne; Julia Kemppinen; Martin Kopecký; Miska Luoto; Ilya M. D. Maclean; Thomas W. Crowther; Joseph J. Bailey; Stef Haesen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1‐km 2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1‐km 2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse‐grained air temperature estimates from ERA5‐Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome‐specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near‐surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil‐related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Demographic composition, not demographic diversity, predicts biomass and turnover across temperate and tropical forests - Jessica F. Needham; Daniel J. Johnson; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Norman Bourg; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Nathalie Butt; Min Cao; Dairon Cárdenas; Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang; Yu‐Yun Chen; George Chuyong; Handanakere S. Dattaraja; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
The growth and survival of individual trees determine the physical structure of a forest with important consequences for forest function. However, given the diversity of tree species and forest biomes, quantifying the multitude of demographic strategies within and across forests and the way that they translate into forest structure and function remains a significant challenge. Here, we quantify the demographic rates of 1961 tree species from temperate and tropical forests and evaluate how demographic diversity (DD) and demographic composition (DC) differ across forests, and how these differences in demography relate to species richness, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon residence time. We find wide variation in DD and DC across forest plots, patterns that are not explained by species richness or climate variables alone. There is no evidence that DD has an effect on either AGB or carbon residence time. Rather, the DC of forests, specifically the relative abundance of large statured species, predicted both biomass and carbon residence time. Our results demonstrate the distinct DCs of globally distributed forests, reflecting biogeography, recent history, and current plot conditions. Linking the DC of forests to resilience or vulnerability to climate change, will improve the precision and accuracy of predictions of future forest composition, structure, and function.

Descriptions of Two New Species, Sillago muktijoddhai sp. nov. and Sillago mengjialensis sp. nov. (Perciformes: Sillaginidae) from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh - Shilpi Saha; Na Song; Zhengsen Yu; Mohammad Abdul Baki; Roland J. McKay; Jianguang Qin; Tianxiang Gao (Fishes, 2022)
Due to difficulty in recognition, many true species have been covered under the synonyms of wide-spread species. To justify the identification of a widely distributed species, Sillago sihama from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, an integrated approach including morphology and DNA barcoding was used. Two unrecognized species of Sillago, i.e., Sillagomuktijoddhai sp. nov. and S. mengjialensis sp. nov., were identified from the coastal area of Bangladesh. S. muktijoddhai sp. nov. has marked differences in the body color, anal fin color, number of gill rakers, snout length, and swimbladder. S. mengjialensis sp. nov. has notable differences in the anal fin color, snout length, and swimbladder and is distinguished from S. muktijoddhai sp. nov. by the body color and swimbladder. The morphological characters of 14 documented Sillago species with two posterior extensions of the swimbladder were referenced and distinguished to accredit the two new species. Genetic analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA also supported the validity of the new species. This study has increased the number of recognized species of Sillago in the world and confirmed the prevailing misidentification of these two new species in Bangladesh as so-called S. sihama. Moreover, the study confirmed the misidentification of S. mengjialensis sp. nov. in Indonesia as S. sihama and the identification of unknown Sillago sp.1 in India.

Xidaosterols A and B, two new steroids with unusual α -keto-enol functionality from the South China Sea sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis - Bao Chen; Yu-Cheng Gu; Nicole J. de Voogd; Chang-Yun Wang; Yue-Wei Guo (Natural Product Research, 2022)

Chronic and intense droughts differentially influence grassland carbon-nutrient dynamics along a natural aridity gradient - Wentao Luo; Xiaoan Zuo; Robert J. Griffin-Nolan; Chong Xu; Jordi Sardans; Qiang Yu; Zhengwen Wang; Xingguo Han; Josep Peñuelas (Plant and Soil, 2022)

Influence of KAR1 on the plant growth and development of dormant seeds by balancing different factors - A. Sami; Z. H. Zhu; T. X. Zhu; D. M. Zhang; L. H. Xiao; Y. Yu; K. J. Zhou (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

DVPred: a disease-specific prediction tool for variant pathogenicity classification for hearing loss - Fengxiao Bu; Mingjun Zhong; Qinyi Chen; Yumei Wang; Xia Zhao; Qian Zhang; Xiarong Li; Kevin T. Booth; Hela Azaiez; Yu Lu; Jing Cheng; Richard J. H. Smith; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)

COCH-related autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss: a phenotype–genotype study - Kyung Seok Oh; Daniel Walls; Sun Young Joo; Jung Ah Kim; Jee Eun Yoo; Young Ik Koh; Da Hye Kim; John Hoon Rim; Hye Ji Choi; Hye-Youn Kim; Seyoung Yu; Richard J. Smith; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)

B cell repertoire in patients with a novel BTK mutation: expanding the spectrum of atypical X-linked agammaglobulinemia - Ori Toker; Arnon Broides; Atar Lev; Amos J. Simon; Orli Megged; Oded Shamriz; Yuval Tal; Raz Somech; Yu Nee Lee; Amit Nahum (Immunologic Research, 2022)

Geographic distribution of racial differences in mortality in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: an opportunity for improvement - Elliott Freudenburg; Yong Shan; Ariza Martinez; Aditya Srinivasan; Giri Movva; Alexander Yu; Mohanad AlBayyaa; Zachary Klaassen; Stephen J. Freedland; Ashish M. Kamat; Stephen B. Williams (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Tau deposition and structural connectivity demonstrate differential association patterns with neurocognitive tests - Zack Hall; Billy Chien; Yi Zhao; Shannon L. Risacher; Andrew J. Saykin; Yu-Chien Wu; Qiuting Wen (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)
Tau neurofibrillary tangles have a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Mounting evidence indicates that the propagation of tau is assisted by brain connectivity with weakened white-matter integrity along the propagation pathways. Recent advances in tau positron emission tomography tracers and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging allow the visualization of tau pathology and white-matter connectivity of the brain in vivo. The current study aims to investigate how tau deposition and structural connectivity are associated with memory function in prodromal AD. In this study, tau accumulation and structural connectivity data from 83 individuals (57 cognitively normal participants and 26 participants with mild cognitive impairment) were associated with neurocognitive test scores. Statistical analyses were performed in 70 cortical/subcortical brain regions to determine: 1. the level of association between tau and network metrics extracted from structural connectivity and 2. the association patterns of brain memory function with tau accumulation and network metrics. The results showed that tau accumulation and network metrics were correlated in early tau deposition regions. Furthermore, tau accumulation was associated with worse performance in almost all neurocognitive tests performance evaluated in the study. In comparison, decreased network connectivity was associated with declines in the delayed memory recall in Craft Stories and Benson Figure Copy. Interaction analysis indicates that tau deposition and dysconnectivity have a synergistic effect on the delayed Benson Figure Recall. Overall, our findings indicate that both tau deposition and structural dysconnectivity are associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. They also suggest that tau-PET may have better sensitivity to neurocognitive performance than diffusion MRI-derived measures of white-matter connectivity.

Panel of Candidate Genes to Predict the Survival of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cancer on the Basis of Gene Expression Regulated by HIF1α/HIF2α - N. V. Apanovich; P. V. Apanovich; D. J. Mansorunov; A. Yu. Kuzevanova; A. A. Korotaeva; T. A. Bogush; V. B. Matveev; A. V. Karpukhin (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2022)

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intranasally Administered Heparin - Hannah M. Harris; Katherine L. Boyet; Hao Liu; Rohini Dwivedi; Nicole M. Ashpole; Ritesh Tandon; Gene L. Bidwell; Zhi Cheng; Lauren A. Fassero; Christian S. Yu; Vitor H. Pomin; Dipanwita Mitra; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2022)

Legacy effects of a multi-year extreme drought on belowground bud banks in rhizomatous vs bunchgrass-dominated grasslands - Jianqiang Qian; Ziyue Guo; Taofeek O. Muraina; Niwu Te; Robert J. Griffin-Nolan; Lin Song; Chong Xu; Qiang Yu; Zhiming Zhang; Wentao Luo (Oecologia, 2022)

Recapitulating lipid accumulation and related metabolic dysregulation in human liver-derived organoids - Ling Wang; Meng Li; Bingting Yu; Shaojun Shi; Jiaye Liu; Ruyi Zhang; Ibrahim Ayada; Monique M. A. Verstegen; Luc J. W. van der Laan; Maikel P. Peppelenbosch; Wanlu Cao; Qiuwei Pan (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2022)

Study on adsorption-degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by modified biochar immobilized laccase - Z. Wang; D. Ren; J. Wu; S. Jiang; H. Yu; Y. Cheng; S. Zhang; X. Zhang (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022)

Multi-species approach strengthens the reliability of dendroclimatic reconstructions in monsoonal Northeast China - Liangjun Zhu; Shuguang Liu; Haifeng Zhu; David J. Cooper; Danyang Yuan; Yu Zhu; Zongshan Li; Yuandong Zhang; Hanxue Liang; Xu Zhang; Wenqi Song; Xiaochun Wang (Climatic Change, 2022)

The influence of aboveground and belowground species composition on spatial turnover in nutrient pools in alpine grasslands - Xin Jing; Case M. Prager; Litong Chen; Haiyan Chu; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Jin‐Sheng He; Yu Shi; Teng Yang; Biao Zhu; Aimée T. Classen; Nathan J. Sanders (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim An important research question in ecology is how climate and the biodiversity of aboveground plants and belowground microbiomes affect ecosystem functions such as nutrient pools. However, little is studied on the concurrent role of above‐ and belowground species composition in shaping the spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem functions across environmental gradients. Here, we investigated the relationships between the taxonomic composition of plants, soil bacteria and soil fungi and spatial turnover in nutrient pools, and assessed how species composition–nutrient pool relationships were mediated by contemporary climatic conditions. Location Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Plants, soil bacteria and soil fungi. Methods We surveyed plant assemblages, sampled the taxonomic composition of soil bacteria and soil fungi, and measured plant‐ and soil‐mediated nutrient pools at 60 alpine grasslands on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Using Mantel tests, structural equation models and general linear models, we investigated the relative importance of the taxonomic composition of plant, soil bacterial, and soil fungal communities on the spatial turnover of alpine grassland nutrient pools. Results We found that the taxonomic composition of plant, soil bacterial, and soil fungal communities was associated with local climate. However, the effects of local climate on the spatial turnover of plant‐ and soil‐mediated nutrient pools were mainly indirect and mediated through plant and soil bacterial species composition, but not through soil fungal species composition. We further found that the replacement component of soil bacterial β‐diversity and the richness difference of plant β‐diversity were the direct predictors of nutrient pools in the alpine grasslands. Main conclusions These results highlight that belowground bacterial composition together with aboveground plant species composition are related to spatial turnover in nutrient pools, perhaps even driving it. Conserving above‐ and belowground biodiversity may therefore safeguard against the impacts of local climate on the functions of climate‐sensitive alpine grasslands.

Prevalence, complete genome, and metabolic potentials of a phylogenetically novel cyanobacterial symbiont in the coral‐killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota - Yu‐Hsiang Chen; Hsing‐Ju Chen; Cheng‐Yu Yang; Jia‐Ho Shiu; Daphne Z. Hoh; Pei‐Wen Chiang; Wenhua Savanna Chow; Chaolun Allen Chen; Tin‐Han Shih; Szu‐Hsien Lin; Chi‐Ming Yang; James Davis Reimer; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Summary Terpios hoshinota is an aggressive, space‐competing sponge that kills various stony corals. Outbreaks of this species have led to intense damage to coral reefs in many locations. Here, the first large‐scale 16S rRNA gene survey across three oceans revealed that bacteria related to the taxa Prochloron , Endozoicomonas , SAR116, Ruegeria , and unclassified Proteobacteria were prevalent in T . hoshinota . A Prochloron ‐related bacterium was the most dominant and prevalent cyanobacterium in T . hoshinota . The complete genome of this uncultivated cyanobacterium and pigment analysis demonstrated that it has phycobiliproteins and lacks chlorophyll b , which is inconsistent with the definition of Prochloron . Furthermore, the cyanobacterium was phylogenetically distinct from Prochloron , strongly suggesting that it should be a sister taxon to Prochloron . Therefore, we proposed this symbiotic cyanobacterium as a novel species under the new genus Candidatus Paraprochloron terpiosi. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that ‘Paraprochloron’ and Prochloron exhibit distinct genomic features and DNA replication machinery. We also characterized the metabolic potentials of ‘Paraprochloron terpiosi’ in carbon and nitrogen cycling and propose a model for interactions between it and T. hoshinota . This study builds a foundation for the study of the T . hoshinota microbiome and paves the way for better understanding of ecosystems involving this coral‐killing sponge.

The premature decay of rifting processes in the northern South China Sea (38–33.9 Ma): insight from 3D seismic and its interpretation of the Lufeng Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin - B. S. Ma; J. W. Ge; G. H. Wu; J. F. Qi; F. Yu; S. Chen; W. G. He (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022)

Population Genomics, Transcriptional Response to Heat Shock, and Gut Microbiota of the Hong Kong Oyster Magallana hongkongensis - Yichun Xie; Elaine Y. Y. Huang; Wenyan Nong; Sean T. S. Law; Yifei Yu; Khan Cheung; Yiqian Li; Cheuk Fung Wong; Ho Yin Yip; Patrick W. S. Joyce; King Ming Chan; Ka Hou Chu; et al. (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
The Hong Kong oyster Magallana hongkongensis, previously known as Crassostrea hongkongensis, is a true oyster species native to the estuarine-coast of the Pearl River Delta in southern China. The species—with scientific, ecological, cultural, and nutritional importance—has been farmed for hundreds of years. However, there is only limited information on its genetics, stress adaptation mechanisms, and gut microbiota, restricting the sustainable production and use of oyster resources. Here, we present population structure analysis on M. hongkongensis oysters collected from Deep Bay and Lantau Island in Hong Kong, as well as transcriptome analysis on heat shock responses and the gut microbiota profile of M. hongkongensis oysters collected from Deep Bay. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including those on the homeobox genes and heat shock protein genes, were revealed by the whole genome resequencing. Transcriptomes of oysters incubated at 25 °C and 32 °C for 24 h were sequenced which revealed the heat-induced regulation of heat shock protein pathway genes. Furthermore, the gut microbe community was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing which identified Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes as the most abundant phyla. This study reveals the molecular basis for the adaptation of the oyster M. hongkongensis to environmental conditions.

Urokinase plasminogen activator as an anti-metastasis target: inhibitor design principles, recent amiloride derivatives, and issues with human/mouse species selectivity - Nehad S El Salamouni; Benjamin J. Buckley; Marie Ranson; Michael J. Kelso; Haibo Yu (Biophysical Reviews, 2022)

Optical Flow Analysis of Left Ventricle Wall Motion with Real-Time Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Subjects and Heart Failure Patients - Yu Y. Li; Jason Craft; Yang Cheng; William Schapiro; Kathleen Gliganic; Elizabeth Haag; J. Jane Cao (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2022)

Coupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatland - Moira Hough; Samantha McCabe; S. Rose Vining; Emily Pickering Pedersen; Rachel M. Wilson; Ryan Lawrence; Kuang‐Yu Chang; Gil Bohrer; William J. Riley; Patrick M. Crill; Ruth K. Varner; Steven J. Blazewicz; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity (NPP) caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO 2 , and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates. Predicting decomposition rates based on litter quality remains challenging, but a promising new way forward is to incorporate measures of the energetic favorability to soil microbes of plant biomass decomposition. We asked how the variation in one such measure, the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), interacts with changing quantities of plant material inputs to influence the net C balance of a thawing permafrost peatland. We found: (1) Plant productivity (NPP) increased post‐thaw, but instead of contributing to increased standing biomass, it increased plant biomass turnover via increased litter inputs to soil; (2) Plant litter thermodynamic favorability (NOSC) and decomposition rate both increased post‐thaw, despite limited changes in bulk C:N ratios; (3) these increases caused the higher NPP to cycle more rapidly through both plants and soil, contributing to higher CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from decomposition. Thus, the increased C‐storage expected from higher productivity was limited and the high global warming potential of CH 4 contributed a net positive warming effect. Although post‐thaw peatlands are currently C sinks due to high NPP offsetting high CO 2 release, this status is very sensitive to the plant community's litter input rate and quality. Integration of novel bioavailability metrics based on litter chemistry, including NOSC, into studies of ecosystem dynamics, is needed to improve the understanding of controls on arctic C stocks under continued ecosystem transition.

Genome-wide analysis of mitochondrial DNA copy number reveals loci implicated in nucleotide metabolism, platelet activation, and megakaryocyte proliferation - R. J. Longchamps; S. Y. Yang; C. A. Castellani; W. Shi; J. Lane; M. L. Grove; T. M. Bartz; C. Sarnowski; C. Liu; K. Burrows; A. L. Guyatt; T. R. Gaunt; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) measured from blood specimens is a minimally invasive marker of mitochondrial function that exhibits both inter-individual and intercellular variation. To identify genes involved in regulating mitochondrial function, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 465,809 White individuals from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB). We identified 133 SNPs with statistically significant, independent effects associated with mtDNA-CN across 100 loci. A combination of fine-mapping, variant annotation, and co-localization analyses was used to prioritize genes within each of the 133 independent sites. Putative causal genes were enriched for known mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes ( p = 3.09 × 10 –15 ) and the gene ontology (GO) terms for mtDNA metabolism ( p = 1.43 × 10 –8 ) and mtDNA replication ( p = 1.2 × 10 –7 ). A clustering approach leveraged pleiotropy between mtDNA-CN associated SNPs and 41 mtDNA-CN associated phenotypes to identify functional domains, revealing three distinct groups, including platelet activation, megakaryocyte proliferation, and mtDNA metabolism. Finally, using mitochondrial SNPs, we establish causal relationships between mitochondrial function and a variety of blood cell-related traits, kidney function, liver function and overall ( p = 0.044) and non-cancer mortality ( p = 6.56 × 10 –4 ).

The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees - Tse‐Yen Liu; Chao‐Han Chen; Yu‐Liang Yang; Isheng J. Tsai; Ying‐Ning Ho; Chia‐Lin Chung (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Summary Brown root rot (BRR) caused by Phellinus noxius is a destructive tree disease in tropical and subtropical areas. To understand how BRR affects the composition of the plant rhizoplane‐enriched microbiota, the microbiomes within five root‐associated compartments (i.e., bulk soil, old/young root rhizosphere soil, old/young root tissue) of Ficus trees naturally infected by P. noxius were investigated. The level of P. noxius infection was determined by quantitative PCR. Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and 16S rRNA revealed that P. noxius infection caused a significant reduction in fungal diversity in the bulk soil, the old root rhizosphere soil, and the old root tissue. Interestingly, Cosmospora was the only fungal genus positively correlated with P. noxius . The abundance and composition of dominant bacterial taxa such as Actinomadura , Bacillus , Rhodoplanes , and Streptomyces differed between BRR‐diseased and healthy samples. Furthermore, 838 isolates belonging to 26 fungal and 35 bacterial genera were isolated and tested for interactions with P. noxius . Antagonistic activities were observed for isolates of Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Trichoderma . Cellophane overlay and cellulose/lignin utilization assays suggested that Cosmospora could tolerate the secretions of P. noxius and that the degradation of lignin by P. noxius may create suitable conditions for Cosmorpora growth.

Is a drought a drought in grasslands? Productivity responses to different types of drought - Charles J. W. Carroll; Ingrid J. Slette; Robert J. Griffin-Nolan; Lauren E. Baur; Ava M. Hoffman; Elsie M. Denton; Jesse E. Gray; Alison K. Post; Melissa K. Johnston; Qiang Yu; Scott L. Collins; Yiqi Luo; et al. (Oecologia, 2021)

Speciation and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Soils from Overlapped Areas of Farmland and Coal Resources in Northern Xuzhou, China - Y. Y. Yang; J. X. Zhang; X. Xiao; M. Du; H. J. Luan; Q. X. Yu; Y. Liang (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2021)

Fan-delta facies architecture, morphological evolution and sediment delivery in the Oligocene Dongying Formation of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China - H. Jia; T. Liu; H. Ji; X. Meng; J. Yu (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2021)

Prevalence and predictors of REM sleep without atonia in a sleep clinic population - C. Yu; J. Stonehouse; A. R. Turton; S. A. Joosten; Garun S. Hamilton (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2021)

Links between atmospheric blocking and North American winter cold spells in two generations of Canadian Earth System Model large ensembles - Dae Il Jeong; Bin Yu; Alex J. Cannon (Climate Dynamics, 2021)
Due to the significant negative consequences of winter cold extremes, there is need to better understand and simulate the mechanisms driving their occurrence. The impact of atmospheric blocking on winter cold spells over North America is investigated using ERA-Interim and NCEP-DOE-R2 reanalyses for 1981–2010. Initial-condition large-ensembles of two generations of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM5 and its predecessor, CanESM2) are evaluated in terms of their ability to represent the blocking-cold spell linkage and the associated internal-variability. The reanalysis datasets show that 72 and 58% of cold spells in southern and northern North America coincide with blocking occurring in the high-latitude Pacific-North America. Compared to the two reanalyses, CanESM2 and CanESM5 ensembles underestimate by 19.9 and 14.3% cold spell events coincident with blocking, due to significant under-representation of blocking frequency over the North Pacific (− 47.1 and − 29.0%), whereas biases in cold spell frequency are relatively small (6.6 and − 4.7%). In the reanalyses, regions with statistically significant above-normal cold spell frequency relative to climatology lie on the east and/or south flanks of blocking events, whereas those with below-normal frequency lie along the core or surrounding the blocking. The two ensembles reproduce the observed blocking-cold spell linkage over North America, despite underestimating the magnitude of blocking frequency. The two ensembles also reproduce the physical drivers that underpin the blocking-cold spell linkage. Spatial agreement with the reanalyses is found in the simulated patterns of temperature advection and surface heat flux forcing anomalies during blocking events. While CanESM5 shows an improved representation of the blocking climatology relative to CanESM2, both yield similar results in terms of the blocking-cold spell linkage and associated internal-variability.

Components of metabolic syndrome associated with lower neurocognitive performance in youth with perinatally acquired HIV and youth who are HIV-exposed uninfected - Stephanie Shiau; Wendy Yu; Denise L. Jacobson; Sharon Nichols; Elizabeth J. McFarland; Janet S. Chen; Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo; Karen Surowiec; Mitchell E. Geffner; Jennifer Jao (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2021)

Plant traits and soil fertility mediate productivity losses under extreme drought in C 3 grasslands - Wentao Luo; Robert J. Griffin‐Nolan; Wang Ma; Bo Liu; Xiaoan Zuo; Chong Xu; Qiang Yu; Yahuang Luo; Pierre Mariotte; Melinda D. Smith; Scott L. Collins; Alan K. Knapp; et al. (Ecology, 2021)
Extreme drought decreases aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands, but the magnitude of ANPP reductions varies especially in C 3 ‐dominated grasslands. Because the mechanisms underlying such differential ecosystem responses to drought are not well resolved, we experimentally imposed an extreme 4‐yr drought (2015–2018) in two C 3 grasslands that differed in aridity. These sites had similar annual precipitation and dominant grass species ( Leymus chinensis ) but different annual temperatures and thus water availability. Drought treatments differentially affected these two semiarid grasslands, with ANPP of the drier site reduced more than at the wetter site. Structural equation modeling revealed that community‐weighted means for some traits modified relationships between soil moisture and ANPP, often due to intraspecific variation. Specifically, drought reduced community mean plant height at both sites, resulting in a reduction in ANPP beyond that attributable to reduced soil moisture alone. Higher community mean leaf carbon content enhanced the negative effects of drought on ANPP at the drier site, and ANPP–soil‐moisture relationships were influenced by soil C:N ratio at the wetter site. Importantly, neither species richness nor functional dispersion were significantly correlated with ANPP at either site. Overall, as expected, soil moisture was a dominant, direct driver of ANPP response to drought, but differential sensitivity to drought in these two grasslands was also related to soil fertility and plant traits.

US Food and Drug Administration regulatory pesticide residue monitoring of human foods: 2009-2017 - Chia-Pei Liang; Chris Sack; Sara McGrath; Yu Cao; Clinton J. Thompson; Lauren Posnick Robin (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2021)

Assessing tree height and density of a young forest using a consumer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) - Zhenbang Hao; Lili Lin; Christopher J. Post; Yusen Jiang; Minghui Li; Nibin Wei; Kunyong Yu; Jian Liu (New Forests, 2021)

Genetic analyses of gynecological disease identify genetic relationships between uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer, and a novel endometrial cancer genetic risk region at the WNT4 1p36.12 locus - Pik Fang Kho; Sally Mortlock; Frederic Amant; Daniela Annibali; Katie Ashton; John Attia; Paul L. Auer; Matthias W. Beckmann; Amanda Black; Louise Brinton; Daniel D. Buchanan; Stephen J. Chanock; et al. (Human Genetics, 2021)

Hidden diversity of Macrophomina associated with broadacre and horticultural crops in Australia - Barsha Poudel; Roger G. Shivas; Dante L. Adorada; Martin J. Barbetti; Sean L. Bithell; Lisa A. Kelly; Natalie Moore; Adam H. Sparks; Yu Pei Tan; Geoff Thomas; Joop Van Leur; Niloofar Vaghefi (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021)

Apatite as an alternative petrochronometer to trace the evolution of magmatic systems containing metamict zircon - Hao-Cheng Yu; Kun-Feng Qiu; Callum J. Hetherington; David Chew; Ya-Qi Huang; Deng-Yang He; Jian-Zhen Geng; Hai-Yang Xian (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2021)

In Vivo Intravascular Pacing Using a Wireless Microscale Stimulator - Parinaz Abiri; Sandra Duarte-Vogel; Tzu-Chieh Chou; Arash Abiri; Varun Gudapati; Alireza Yousefi; Mehrdad Roustaei; Chih-Chiang Chang; Qingyu Cui; Jeffrey J. Hsu; Malcolm Bersohn; Dejan Markovic; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

The bacterium Pseudomonas protegens antagonizes the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a blend of toxins - Magdalena M. Rose; Daniel Scheer; Yu Hou; Vivien S. Hotter; Anna J. Komor; Prasad Aiyar; Kirstin Scherlach; Fredd Vergara; Qing Yan; Joyce E. Loper; Torsten Jakob; Nicole M. van Dam; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the bacterium Pseudomonas protegens serve as a model to study the interactions between photosynthetic and heterotrophic microorganisms. P . protegens secretes the cyclic lipopeptide orfamide A that interferes with cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis in C . reinhardtii resulting in deflagellation of the algal cells. Here, we studied the roles of additional secondary metabolites secreted by P . protegens using individual compounds and co‐cultivation of algae with bacterial mutants. Rhizoxin S2, pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and orfamide A all induce changes in cell morphology and inhibit the growth of C . reinhardtii . Rhizoxin S2 exerts the strongest growth inhibition, and its action depends on the spatial structure of the environment (agar versus liquid culture). Algal motility is unaffected by rhizoxin S2 and is most potently inhibited by orfamide A (IC 50 = 4.1 μM). Pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin both interfere with algal cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis and motility whereas high concentrations of DAPG immobilize C . reinhardtii without deflagellation or disturbance of Ca 2+ homeostasis. Co‐cultivation with a regulatory mutant of bacterial secondary metabolism (Δ gacA ) promotes algal growth under spatially structured conditions. Our results reveal how a single soil bacterium uses an arsenal of secreted antialgal compounds with complementary and partially overlapping activities.

Legal Issues for Artificial Floating Islands - Maarten M. B. Flikkema; Fen-Yu (Vicky) Lin; Pernille P. J. van der Plank; Jos Koning; Olaf Waals (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Developments of multi-use floating islands are accelerated by an increase in offshore activities and pressing needs to create extra space in coastal regions for the surging population. The Horizon 2020 EU funded research project Space@Sea developed a modular floating island concept for offshore multi-use applications and examined current legal issues and barriers concerning its development. In this paper a floating island is defined to be “an artificially created floater, or set of connected floaters, moored to the seabed of which the topside can be used for activities similar to activities on land”. This paper aims to delve into governance issues like the assignment of authority on a multi-use floating island and the shift from regulating offshore living for working purposes to living purposes, as well as maritime law and property law (using the Netherlands as case study). Within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) a coastal state can establish, locate, and govern the floating island. For the high seas the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the most probable organization to initiate a discussion on settlement of floating islands. For each activity on the floating island, limiting criteria regarding motions as well as safety rules and regulations need to be established. Industry and housing will have completely different requirements regarding safety which will not be possible to fit in a one size fits all regulation. This case study shows that current Dutch property law prohibit the division of ownership of buildings built on floating objects. They can only be owned together as one object. For urban expansion, future inhabitants will want to have the possibility to buy property, requiring an amendment of current property law. It is to be expected that other countries will have similar or additional governance challenges. The Space@Sea project has developed a technical solution for floating islands which have identified barriers for multi-use in the rules and regulations described in this paper. The paper urges the responsible institutions and stakeholders to take on their roles in overcoming these barriers.

Water safety attitudes, risk perception, experiences, and education for households impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire, California - Tolulope O. Odimayomi; Caitlin R. Proctor; Qi Erica Wang; Arman Sabbaghi; Kimberly S. Peterson; David J. Yu; Juneseok Lee; Amisha D. Shah; Christian J. Ley; Yoorae Noh; Charlotte D. Smith; Jackson P. Webster; et al. (Natural Hazards, 2021)

LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals cassiterite inheritance in the Yazov granite, Eastern Siberia: Implications for tin mineralization - L. A. Neymark; C. S. Holm-Denoma; A. M. Larin; R. J. Moscati; Yu. V. Plotkina (Mineralium Deposita, 2021)

Risk of two common glandular cell-type cancers (breast and colorectal cancers) in Chinese occupational chefs: a nationwide ecological study in Taiwan - Pei-Chen Lin; Chiung‑Yu Peng; Chih‑Hong Pan; Jui-Ying Lee; Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh; Yun-Shiuan Chuang; Robert J. Turesky; Chia-Fang Wu; Ming-Tsang Wu (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2021)

Geographic and subsequent biotic isolations led to a diversity anomaly of section Heterotropa (genus Asarum : Aristolochiaceae) in insular versus continental regions of the Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region - Daiki Takahashi; Shota Sakaguchi; Yu Feng; Yuji Isagi; Ying‐Xiong Qiu; Pan Li; Rui‐Sen Lu; Chang‐Tse Lu; Shih‐Wen Chung; Yang‐Shan Lin; Yun‐Chao Chen; Atsushi J. Nagano; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2021)
Aim The Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region has extremely high species diversity with respect to temperate plants; however, the reasons for this diversity are poorly understood because most studies have only considered geographic isolation caused by climatic oscillations. In some plant groups, high floral trait diversity and uneven species diversity between insular systems and the continental area suggest other factors may have important roles too. The primary purpose of this study is to reveal how abiotic and biotic factors have shaped the species diversity anomaly of Heterotropa between the insular systems and the continental area. Location The Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region. Taxon Section Heterotropa (genus Asarum ; Aristolochiaceae). Methods Using ddRAD‐seq and chloroplast genome data, we built a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree including 79 species. We estimated the patterns of floral traits (flowering time and floral size) evolution using macroevolutionary modelling, and tested the correlation of speciation rate with the trait evolution rates. Finally, we estimated the isolation factors of all taxa pairs and sister‐taxa pairs based on distribution range and floral traits. Results Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Heterotropa was diverged into two clades (continental clade and insular clade) in the Miocene, and the major subclades corresponded to geographic entities. Most rate shifts accelerating floral trait's evolution occurred during the Pleistocene period. Evolution rate of floral traits showed positive correlation with the speciation rate. Large proportion of taxa in the insular clade are distributed allopatrically. Several sister pairs showed floral trait divergence with geographic overlap. Main Conclusions The diversification of Heterotropa appears to have been triggered by geographic and climatic events, and subsequent repeated floral trait evolution with and without geographic isolation. Furthermore, the high species diversity in the insular systems would have been formed by the repeated range fragmentations and contractions. Our study demonstrates the importance of multidimensional studies to understand the diversification process of temperate plants in the Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region.

Chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass: A critical comparison between biochemical, microwave and thermochemical conversion methods - Iris K. M. Yu; Huihui Chen; Felix Abeln; Hadiza Auta; Jiajun Fan; Vitaly L. Budarin; James H. Clark; Sophie Parsons; Christopher J. Chuck; Shicheng Zhang; Gang Luo; Daniel C.W Tsang (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021)

Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) - Megha Kanabar; Samuel Bauer; Zimuzo M. Ezedum; Ian P. Dwyer; William S. Moore; Gabriella Rodriguez; Aditya Mall; Anne T. Littleton; Michael Yudell; Jenil Kanabar; Wade J. Tucker; Emily R. Daniels; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) with Lidocaine Provokes Pyroptosis of Glioblastoma Cells - B. Zhou; Y. Lin; S. Chen; J. Cai; Z. Luo; S. Yu; J. Lu (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2021)

In vitro Inhibition of Clinical Isolates of Otitis Media Pathogens by the Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius BLIS K12 - Tzu Yu Chen; John D. F. Hale; John R. Tagg; Rohit Jain; Abigail L. Voss; Nikki Mills; Emma J. Best; Duncan S. Stevenson; Philip A. Bird; Tony Walls (Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2021)

Rhizosphere microbiome modulated effects of biochar on ryegrass 15N uptake and rhizodeposited 13C allocation in soil - Yingyi Fu; Amit Kumar; Lijun Chen; Yuji Jiang; Ning Ling; Runze Wang; Qiong Pan; Bhupinder Pal Singh; Marc Redmile-Gordon; Lu Luan; Qin Li; Quan Shi; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2021)

Linking rhizospheric diazotrophs to the stimulation of soybean N2 fixation in a Mollisol amended with maize straw - Zhihuang Xie; Zhenhua Yu; Yansheng Li; Guanghua Wang; Caixian Tang; Ulrike Mathesius; Xiaobing Liu; Junjie Liu; Judong Liu; Stephen J. Herbert; Junjiang Wu; Jian Jin (Plant and Soil, 2021)

Novel disease resistance gene paralogs created by CRISPR/Cas9 in soy - Ervin D. Nagy; Julia L. Stevens; Neil Yu; Chris S. Hubmeier; Nona LaFaver; Megan Gillespie; Brian Gardunia; Qianshun Cheng; Steven Johnson; Audrey L. Vaughn; Miguel E. Vega-Sanchez; Mingqui Deng; et al. (Plant Cell Reports, 2021)
Key message Novel disease resistance gene paralogues are generated by targeted chromosome cleavage of tandem duplicated NBS-LRR gene complexes and subsequent DNA repair in soybean. This study demonstrates accelerated diversification of innate immunity of plants using CRISPR. Abstract Nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich-repeat (NBS-LRR) gene families are key components of effector-triggered immunity. They are often arranged in tandem duplicated arrays in the genome, a configuration that is conducive to recombinations that will lead to new, chimeric genes. These rearrangements have been recognized as major sources of novel disease resistance phenotypes. Targeted chromosome cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9 can conceivably induce rearrangements and thus emergence of new resistance gene paralogues. Two NBS-LRR families of soy have been selected to demonstrate this concept: a four-copy family in the Rpp1 region (Rpp1L) and a large, complex locus, Rps1 with 22 copies. Copy-number variations suggesting large-scale, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated chromosome rearrangements in the Rpp1L and Rps1 complexes were detected in up to 58.8% of progenies of primary transformants using droplet-digital PCR. Sequencing confirmed development of novel, chimeric paralogs with intact open reading frames. These novel paralogs may confer new disease resistance specificities. This method to diversify innate immunity of plants by genome editing is readily applicable to other disease resistance genes or other repetitive loci.

Cranial Anatomy of the Desert Dormouse, Selevinia betpakdalaensis (Rodentia, Gliridae), revealed by Micro-Computed Tomography - Jesse J. Hennekam; James W. F. Sadler; Fedor N. Golenishchev; Lyudmila Yu. Kryuchkova; Dmitry Korost; Olga Nanova; Philip G. Cox (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2021)

Establishing and Evaluating an ASCO Learning Cohort: a Longitudinal Project Assessing the Learning Needs and Behaviors of Oncology Professionals - Rami Manochakian; Thomas J. George; Marie Wood; Maura Polansky; Allyson Baer; Anne Grupe; Yu Shyr; Cathy Wang; Leora Horn (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)

Climate response to introduction of the ESA CCI land cover data to the NCAR CESM - Shu Liu; Xiaoxuan Liu; Le Yu; Yong Wang; Guang J. Zhang; Peng Gong; Wenyu Huang; Bin Wang; Mengmiao Yang; Yuqi Cheng (Climate Dynamics, 2021)

Biogeochemistry and hydrography shape microbial community assembly and activity in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone - J. Michael Beman; Sonia Marie Vargas; Samantha Vazquez; Jesse Mac Wilson; Angela Yu; Ariadna Cairo; Elisabet Perez‐Coronel (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles due to extensive microbial activity. How OMZ microbial communities assemble and respond to environmental variation is therefore essential to understanding OMZ functioning and ocean biogeochemistry. Sampling along depth profiles at five stations in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP), we captured systematic variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and associated variables (nitrite, chlorophyll, and ammonium) with depth and between stations. We quantitatively analysed relationships between oceanographic gradients and microbial community assembly and activity based on paired 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall microbial community composition and diversity were strongly related to regional variations in density, DO, and other variables (regression and redundancy analysis r 2 = 0.68–0.82), displaying predictable patterns with depth and between stations. Although similar factors influenced the active community, diversity was substantially lower within the OMZ. We also identified multiple active microbiological networks that tracked specific gradients or features – particularly subsurface ammonium and nitrite maxima. Our findings indicate that overall microbial community assembly is consistently shaped by hydrography and biogeochemistry, while active segments of the community form discrete networks inhabiting distinct portions of the water column, and that both are tightly tuned to environmental conditions in the ETNP.

Circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopies of bacteriochlorophyll b-containing LH1-RC complexes - Y. Kimura; T. Yamashita; R. Seto; M. Imanishi; M. Honda; S. Nakagawa; Y. Saga; S. Takenaka; L.-J. Yu; M. T. Madigan; Z.-Y. Wang-Otomo (Photosynthesis Research, 2021)

In Silico Ventilation Within the Dose-Volume is Predictive of Lung Function Post-radiation Therapy in Patients with Lung Cancer - Yu Dong; H. Kumar; M. Tawhai; C. Veiga; A. Szmul; D. Landau; J. McClelland; L. Lao; K. S. Burrowes (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Radiation therapy (RT) is one method to treat this disease. A common side effect of RT for lung cancer is radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) which leads to loss of lung function. RILD often compounds pre-existing smoking-related regional lung function impairment. It is difficult to predict patient outcomes due to large variability in individual response to RT. In this study, the capability of image-based modelling of regional ventilation in lung cancer patients to predict lung function post-RT was investigated. Twenty-five patient-based models were created using CT images to define the airway geometry, size and location of tumour, and distribution of emphysema. Simulated ventilation within the 20 Gy isodose volume showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s 12-months post-RT ( p = 0.001, R = − 0.61). Patients with higher simulated ventilation within the 20 Gy isodose volume had a greater loss in lung function post-RT and vice versa. This relationship was only evident with the combined impact of tumour and emphysema, with the location of the emphysema relative to the dose-volume being important. Our results suggest that model-based ventilation measures can be used in the prediction of patient lung function post-RT.

Sex‐linked genetic diversity and differentiation in a globally distributed avian species complex - Drew R. Schield; Elizabeth S. C. Scordato; Chris C. R. Smith; Javan K. Carter; Sidi Imad Cherkaoui; Sundev Gombobaatar; Said Hajib; Saad Hanane; Amanda K. Hund; Kazuo Koyama; Wei Liang; Yang Liu; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Sex chromosomes often bear distinct patterns of genetic variation due to unique patterns of inheritance and demography. The processes of mutation, recombination, genetic drift and selection also influence rates of evolution on sex chromosomes differently than autosomes. Measuring such differences provides information about how these processes shape genomic variation and their roles in the origin of species. To test hypotheses and predictions about patterns of autosomal and sex‐linked genomic diversity and differentiation, we measured population genetic statistics within and between populations and subspecies of the barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica ) and performed explicit comparisons between autosomal and Z‐linked genomic regions. We first tested for evidence of low Z‐linked genetic diversity and high Z‐linked population differentiation relative to autosomes, then for evidence that the Z chromosome bears greater ancestry information due to faster lineage sorting. Finally, we investigated geographical clines across hybrid zones for evidence that the Z chromosome is resistant to introgression due to selection against hybrids. We found evidence that the barn swallow mating system, demographic history and linked selection each contribute to low Z‐linked diversity and high Z‐linked differentiation. While incomplete lineage sorting is rampant across the genome, our results indicate faster sorting of ancestral polymorphism on the Z. Finally, hybrid zone analyses indicate barriers to introgression on the Z chromosome, suggesting that sex‐linked traits are important in reproductive isolation, especially in migratory divide regions. Our study highlights how selection, gene flow and demography shape sex‐linked genetic diversity and underlines the relevance of the Z chromosome in speciation.

Microbial metabolic response to winter warming stabilizes soil carbon - Jing Tian; Ning Zong; Iain P. Hartley; Nianpeng He; Jinjing Zhang; David Powlson; Jizhong Zhou; Yakov Kuzyakov; Fusuo Zhang; Guirui Yu; Jennifer A. J. Dungait (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Current consensus on global climate change predicts warming trends with more pronounced temperature changes in winter than summer in the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. Moderate increases in soil temperature are generally related to faster rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in Northern ecosystems, but there is evidence that SOC stocks have remained remarkably stable or even increased on the Tibetan Plateau under these conditions. This intriguing observation points to altered soil microbial mediation of carbon‐cycling feedbacks in this region that might be related to seasonal warming. This study investigated the unexplained SOC stabilization observed on the Tibetan Plateau by quantifying microbial responses to experimental seasonal warming in a typical alpine meadow. Ecosystem respiration was reduced by 17%–38% under winter warming compared with year‐round warming or no warming and coincided with decreased abundances of fungi and functional genes that control labile and stable organic carbon decomposition. Compared with year‐round warming, winter warming slowed macroaggregate turnover rates by 1.6 times, increased fine intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter content by 75%, and increased carbon stabilized in microaggregates within stable macroaggregates by 56%. Larger bacterial “necromass” (amino sugars) concentrations in soil under winter warming coincided with a 12% increase in carboxyl‐C. These results indicate the enhanced physical preservation of SOC under winter warming and emphasize the role of soil microorganisms in aggregate life cycles. In summary, the divergent responses of SOC persistence in soils exposed to winter warming compared to year‐round warming are explained by the slowing of microbial decomposition but increasing physical protection of microbially derived organic compounds. Consequently, the soil microbial response to winter warming on the Tibetan Plateau may cause negative feedbacks to global climate change and should be considered in Earth system models.

Lactobacillus plantarum-Mediated Regulation of Dietary Aluminum Induces Changes in the Human Gut Microbiota: an In Vitro Colonic Fermentation Study - Leilei Yu; Hui Duan; Lee Kellingray; Shi Cen; Fengwei Tian; Jianxin Zhao; Hao Zhang; Gwénaëlle Le Gall; Melinda J Mayer; Qixiao Zhai; Wei Chen; Arjan Narbad (Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2021)

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium - Corné M. J. Pieterse; Roeland L. Berendsen; Ronnie de Jonge; Ioannis A. Stringlis; Anja J. H. Van Dijken; Johan A. Van Pelt; Saskia C. M. Van Wees; Ke Yu; Christos Zamioudis; Peter A. H. M. Bakker (Plant and Soil, 2021)
Background Since the 1980s, numerous mutualistic Pseudomonas spp. strains have been used in studies on the biology of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their interactions with host plants. In 1988, a strain from the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, WCS417, was isolated from lesions of wheat roots growing in a take-all disease-suppressive soil. In subsequent trials, WCS417 limited the build-up of take-all disease in field-grown wheat and significantly increased wheat yield. In 1991, WCS417 was featured in one of the first landmark studies on rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR), in which it was shown to confer systemic immunity in carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus ) against Fusarium wilt. The discovery that WCS417 conferred systemic immunity in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana in 1996 incited intensive research on the molecular mechanisms by which PGPR promote plant growth and induce broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants. Since then, the strain name appeared in over 750 studies on beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Scope In this review, we will highlight key discoveries in plant-microbe interactions research that have emerged from over 30 years of research featuring WCS417 as a model rhizobacterial strain. WCS417 was instrumental in improving our understanding of the microbial determinants that are involved in root colonization and the establishment of mutually beneficial interactions with the host plant. The model strain also provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant growth promotion and the onset and expression of rhizobacteria-ISR. More recently, WCS417 has been featured in studies on host immune evasion during root colonization, and chemical communication in the rhizosphere during root microbiome assembly. Conclusions Numerous studies on the modes of action of WCS417 have provided major conceptual advances in our understanding of how free-living mutualists colonize the rhizosphere, modulate plant immunity, and promote plant growth. The concepts may prove useful in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in other binary plant-beneficial microbe interactions, and in more complex microbial community contexts, such as the root microbiome.

Exploring genetic defects in adults who were clinically diagnosed as severe combined immune deficiency during infancy - Ido Somekh; Atar Lev; Ortal Barel; Yu Nee Lee; Ayal Hendel; Amos J. Simon; Raz Somech (Immunologic Research, 2021)

Response of non-point source pollution to landscape pattern: case study in mountain-rural region, China - Wuhua Li; Xiangju Cheng; Yu Zheng; Chengguang Lai; David J. Sample; Dantong Zhu; Zhaoli Wang (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Dynamical consequences of sensory feedback in a half-center oscillator coupled to a simple motor system - Zhuojun Yu; Peter J. Thomas (Biological Cybernetics, 2021)

Genetic mapping of the three-pistil gene Pis1 in an F2 population derived from a synthetic hexaploid wheat using multiple molecular marker systems - Z. Y. Yu; Q. Luo; Z. S. Peng; S. H. Wei; Z. J. Yang; N. Yamamoto (Cereal Research Communications, 2021)

Spatial study of particulate matter distribution, based on climatic indicators during major dust storms in the State of Arizona - Amin Mohebbi; Fan Yu; Shiqing Cai; Simin Akbariyeh; Edward J. Smaglik (Frontiers of Earth Science, 2021)

Electric Field Stimulation for the Functional Assessment of Isolated Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Excitability - Ian M. Berke; Tom M. McGrath; J. Jordan Stivers; Chang Gui; Marcos N. Barcellona; Matthew G. Gayoso; Simon Y. Tang; Yu-Qing Cao; Munish C. Gupta; Lori A. Setton (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Connecting high‐throughput biodiversity inventories: Opportunities for a site‐based genomic framework for global integration and synthesis - Paula Arribas; Carmelo Andújar; Martin I. Bidartondo; Kristine Bohmann; Éric Coissac; Simon Creer; Jeremy R. deWaard; Vasco Elbrecht; Gentile F. Ficetola; Marta Goberna; Susan Kennedy; Henrik Krehenwinkel; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) is increasingly being used for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. If applied in a structured way, across broad geographical scales, it offers the potential for a much deeper understanding of global biodiversity through the integration of massive quantities of molecular inventory data generated independently at local, regional and global scales. The universality, reliability and efficiency of HTS data can potentially facilitate the seamless linking of data among species assemblages from different sites, at different hierarchical levels of diversity, for any taxonomic group and regardless of prior taxonomic knowledge. However, collective international efforts are required to optimally exploit the potential of site‐based HTS data for global integration and synthesis, efforts that at present are limited to the microbial domain. To contribute to the development of an analogous strategy for the nonmicrobial terrestrial domain, an international symposium entitled “Next Generation Biodiversity Monitoring” was held in November 2019 in Nicosia (Cyprus). The symposium brought together evolutionary geneticists, ecologists and biodiversity scientists involved in diverse regional and global initiatives using HTS as a core tool for biodiversity assessment. In this review, we summarize the consensus that emerged from the 3‐day symposium. We converged on the opinion that an effective terrestrial Genomic Observatories network for global biodiversity integration and synthesis should be spatially led and strategically united under the umbrella of the metabarcoding approach. Subsequently, we outline an HTS‐based strategy to collectively build an integrative framework for site‐based biodiversity data generation.

Genetic diversity and life‐history traits of bonefish Albula spp. from the Red Sea - Collin T. Williams; Ashlie J. McIvor; Elizabeth M. Wallace; Yu‐Jia Lin; Michael L. Berumen (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
The management of bonefishes Albula spp. has been hindered by unresolved species distributions and a general lack of life‐history information. This study provides the first genetic species identifications of Albula spp. from the northern Indian Ocean. The roundjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta was documented in the Red Sea, and the smallscale bonefish A. oligolepis was identified in the Gulf of Aden with no evidence supporting sympatry. Estimates of genetic differentiation indicate three closely related lineages of A. glossodonta in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Red Sea‐Pacific Ocean, F st = 0.295; Red Sea‐Seychelles, F st = 0.193; Pacific Ocean‐Seychelles, F st = 0.141). In addition, the authors provide the first life‐history information of Albula spp. in the Indian Ocean. Age‐based growth models of A. glossodonta from the Red Sea demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to previously published data from the Pacific Ocean. Spawning activity during winter months was derived from gonado‐somatic index values of A. glossodonta from the Red Sea and corresponded with spawning seasonality previously documented for the species in the Pacific Ocean. The results of this study aid in refining biogeographical uncertainties of Albula spp. and illustrate the importance of collecting regional growth information for subsequent management of A. glossodonta .

Warming Iron-Limited Oceans Enhance Nitrogen Fixation and Drive Biogeographic Specialization of the Globally Important Cyanobacterium Crocosphaera - Nina Yang; Carlin A. Merkel; Yu-An Lin; Naomi M. Levine; Nicholas J. Hawco; Hai-Bo Jiang; Ping-Ping Qu; Michelle A. DeMers; Eric A. Webb; Fei-Xue Fu; David A. Hutchins (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Primary productivity in the nutrient-poor subtropical ocean gyres depends on new nitrogen inputs from nitrogen fixers that convert inert dinitrogen gas into bioavailable forms. Temperature and iron (Fe) availability constrain marine nitrogen fixation, and both are changing due to anthropogenic ocean warming. We examined the physiological responses of the globally important marine nitrogen fixer, Crocosphaera watsonii across its full thermal range as a function of iron availability. At the lower end of its thermal range, from 22 to 27°C, Crocosphaera growth, nitrogen fixation, and Nitrogen-specific Iron Use Efficiencies (N-IUEs, mol N fixed hour –1 mol Fe –1 ) increased with temperature. At an optimal growth temperature of 27°C, N-IUEs were 66% higher under iron-limited conditions than iron-replete conditions, indicating that low-iron availability increases metabolic efficiency. However, Crocosphaera growth and function decrease from 27 to 32°C, temperatures that are predicted for an increasing fraction of tropical oceans in the future. Altogether, this suggests that Crocosphaera are well adapted to iron-limited, warm waters, within prescribed limits. A model incorporating these results under the IPCC RCP 8.5 warming scenario predicts that Crocosphaera N-IUEs could increase by a net 47% by 2100, particularly in higher-latitude waters. These results contrast with published responses of another dominant nitrogen fixer ( Trichodesmium ), with predicted N-IUEs that increase most in low-latitude, tropical waters. These models project that differing responses of Crocosphaera and Trichodesmium N-IUEs to future warming of iron-limited oceans could enhance their current contributions to global marine nitrogen fixation with rates increasing by ∼91 and ∼22%, respectively, thereby shifting their relative importance to marine new production and also intensifying their regional divergence. Thus, interactive temperature and iron effects may profoundly transform existing paradigms of nitrogen biogeochemistry and primary productivity in open ocean regimes.