APPA (apocynin and paeonol) modulates pathological aspects of human neutrophil function, without supressing antimicrobial ability, and inhibits TNFα expression and signalling - A. L. Cross; J. Hawkes; H. L. Wright; R. J. Moots; S. W. Edwards (Inflammopharmacology, 2020)
Neutrophils are key players in the pathophysiological process underlying inflammatory conditions not only by release of tissue-damaging cytotoxic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also by secretion of important immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we report the effects of the novel agent APPA, undergoing formal clinical development for treatment of osteoarthritis, and its constituent components, apocynin (AP) and paeonol (PA) on a number of neutrophil functions, including effects on TNFα- expression and signalling. Neutrophils were treated with APPA (10–1000 µg/mL) prior to the measurement of cell functions, including ROS production, chemotaxis, apoptosis and surface receptor expression. Expression levels of several key genes and proteins were measured after incubation with APPA and the chromatin re-modelling agent, R848. APPA did not significantly affect phagocytosis, bacterial killing or expression of surface receptors, while chemotactic migration was affected only at the highest concentrations. However, APPA down-regulated neutrophil degranulation and ROS levels, and decreased the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. APPA also decreased cytokine-stimulated gene expression, inhibiting both TNFα- and GM-CSF-induced cell signalling. APPA was as effective as infliximab in down-regulating chemokine and IL-6 expression following incubation with R848. Whilst APPA does not interfere with neutrophil host defence against infections, it does inhibit neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine-driven signalling pathways (e.g. autocrine signalling and NF-κB activation), processes that are associated with inflammation. These observations may explain the mechanisms by which APPA exerts anti-inflammatory effects and suggests a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases in which neutrophils and TNFα signalling are important in pathology, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Old growth Afrotropical forests critical for maintaining forest carbon - John R. Poulsen; Vincent P. Medjibe; Lee J. T. White; Zewei Miao; Ludovic Banak‐Ngok; Chris Beirne; Connie J. Clark; Aida Cuni‐Sanchez; Mathias Disney; Jean‐Louis Doucet; Michelle E. Lee; Simon L. Lewis; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Large trees [≥ 70 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)] contribute disproportionately to aboveground carbon stock (AGC) across the tropics but may be vulnerable to changing climate and human activities. Here we determine the distribution, drivers and threats to large trees and high carbon forest. Location Central Africa. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods Using Gabon's new National Resource Inventory of 104 field sites, AGC was calculated from 67,466 trees from 578 species and 97 genera. Power and Michaelis–Menten models assessed the contribution of large trees to AGC. Environmental and anthropogenic drivers of AGC, large trees, and stand variables were modelled using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) weights to calculate average regression coefficients for all p ossible models. Results Mean AGC for trees ≥ 10 cm DBH in Gabonese forestlands was 141.7 Mg C/ha, with averages of 166.6, 171.3 and 96.6 Mg C/ha in old growth, concession and secondary forest. High carbon forests occurred where large trees are most abundant: 31% of AGC was stored in large trees (2.3% of all stems). Human activities largely drove variation in AGC and large trees, but climate and edaphic conditions also determined stand variables (basal area, tree height, wood density, stem density). AGC and large trees increased with distance from human settlements; AGC was 40% lower in secondary than primary and concession forests and 33% higher in protected than non‐managed areas. Main conclusions AGC and large trees were negatively associated with human activities, highlighting the importance of forest management. Redefining large trees as ≥ 50 cm DBH (4.3% more stems) would account for 20% more AGC. This study demonstrates that protecting relatively undisturbed forests can be disproportionately effective in conserving carbon and suggests that including sustainable forestry in programs like reduced emissions for deforestation and forest degradation could maintain carbon dense forests in logging concessions that are a large proportion of remaining Central African forests.

Modelling climate change impacts on maize yields under low nitrogen input conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa - Gatien N. Falconnier; Marc Corbeels; Kenneth J. Boote; François Affholder; Myriam Adam; Dilys S. MacCarthy; Alex C. Ruane; Claas Nendel; Anthony M. Whitbread; Éric Justes; Lajpat R. Ahuja; Folorunso M. Akinseye; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Smallholder farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) currently grow rainfed maize with limited inputs including fertilizer. Climate change may exacerbate current production constraints. Crop models can help quantify the potential impact of climate change on maize yields, but a comprehensive multimodel assessment of simulation accuracy and uncertainty in these low‐input systems is currently lacking. We evaluated the impact of varying [CO 2 ], temperature and rainfall conditions on maize yield, for different nitrogen (N) inputs (0, 80, 160 kg N/ha) for five environments in SSA, including cool subhumid Ethiopia, cool semi‐arid Rwanda, hot subhumid Ghana and hot semi‐arid Mali and Benin using an ensemble of 25 maize models. Models were calibrated with measured grain yield, plant biomass, plant N, leaf area index, harvest index and in‐season soil water content from 2‐year experiments in each country to assess their ability to simulate observed yield. Simulated responses to climate change factors were explored and compared between models. Calibrated models reproduced measured grain yield variations well with average relative root mean square error of 26%, although uncertainty in model prediction was substantial (CV = 28%). Model ensembles gave greater accuracy than any model taken at random. Nitrogen fertilization controlled the response to variations in [CO 2 ], temperature and rainfall. Without N fertilizer input, maize (a) benefited less from an increase in atmospheric [CO 2 ]; (b) was less affected by higher temperature or decreasing rainfall; and (c) was more affected by increased rainfall because N leaching was more critical. The model intercomparison revealed that simulation of daily soil N supply and N leaching plays a crucial role in simulating climate change impacts for low‐input systems. Climate change and N input interactions have strong implications for the design of robust adaptation approaches across SSA, because the impact of climate change in low input systems will be modified if farmers intensify maize production with balanced nutrient management.

Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities for marine conservation - Jennifer McGowan; Rob Weary; Leah Carriere; Edward T. Game; Joanna L. Smith; Melissa Garvey; Hugh P. Possingham (Conservation Biology, 2020)
Incentivized debt conversion is a financing mechanism that can assist countries with a heavy debt burden to bolster their long‐term domestic investment in nature conservation. The Nature Conservancy, an international conservation‐based nongovernmental organization, is adapting debt conversions to support marine conservation efforts by small island developing states and coastal countries. Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities according to their potential return on investment can increase the impact and effectiveness of this finance mechanism. We developed guidance on how to do so with a decision‐support approach that relies on a novel threat‐based adaptation of cost‐effectiveness analysis. We constructed scenarios by varying parameters of the approach, including enabling conditions, expected benefits, and threat classifications. Incorporating both abatable and unabatable threats affected priorities across planning scenarios. Similarly, differences in scenario construction resulted in unique solution sets for top priorities. We show how environmental organizations, private entities, and investment banks can adopt structured prioritization frameworks for making decisions about conservation finance investments, such as debt conversions. Our guidance can accommodate a suite of social, ecological, and economic considerations, making the approach broadly applicable to other conservation finance mechanisms or investment strategies that seek to establish a transparent process for return‐on‐investment decision‐making.

Phylogeny and diversification of the gallopheasants (Aves: Galliformes): Testing roles of sexual selection and environmental niche divergence - Peter A. Hosner; Hannah L. Owens; Edward L. Braun; Rebecca T. Kimball (Zoologica Scripta, 2020)
The gallopheasants comprise a clade of 22 species including some of the most elaborately plumaged and highly ornamented birds in the world. They also occupy a remarkable breath of environments and habitats, ranging from lowland rainforests to high grasslands and steppes of the Tibetan plateau. Here, we provide the first well‐resolved species phylogeny of this charismatic group, inferred from ultraconserved elements, nuclear introns and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Unlike previous studies which found unresolvable relationships and suggested a rapid initial burst of diversification, we identified a well‐resolved phylogeny supported in both concatenated and coalescent analytical frameworks, and a steady accrual of lineages through time. Morphological trait reconstructions demonstrated strong phylogenetic signal, not only for highly ornamented males, but also in more cryptically plumaged females. Environmental niche similarly exhibited strong phylogenetic signal. Moreover, evolution of male traits, female traits and environmental niche were all significantly correlated, making it difficult to disentangle their individual roles in gallopheasant diversification.

The global abundance of tree palms - Robert Muscarella; Thaise Emilio; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Ferry Slik; William J. Baker; Thomas L. P. Couvreur; Wolf L. Eiserhardt; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Kofi Affum‐Baffoe; Shin‐Ichiro Aiba; Everton C. de Almeida; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Effectiveness of beta blockers in patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction - Sanjay Verma; Edward L. Peterson; Bin Liu; Hani N. Sabbah; L. Keoki Williams; David E. Lanfear (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020)

Fitness, independent of physical activity is associated with cerebral blood flow in adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - Ryan J. Dougherty; Elizabeth A. Boots; Jacob B. Lindheimer; Aaron J. Stegner; Stephanie Van Riper; Dorothy F. Edwards; Catherine L. Gallagher; Cynthia M. Carlsson; Howard A. Rowley; Barbara B. Bendlin; Sanjay Asthana; Bruce P. Hermann; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2020)

Ensuring tests of conservation interventions build on existing literature - William J. Sutherland; Sergio Ticul Alvarez‐Castañeda; Tatsuya Amano; Roberto Ambrosini; Philip Atkinson; John M. Baxter; Alexander L. Bond; Philip J. Boon; Katherine L. Buchanan; Jos Barlow; Giuseppe Bogliani; Olivia M. Bragg; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2020)

The influence of marine algae on iodine speciation in the coastal ocean - Mary W. Carrano; Kyoko Yarimizu; Jennifer L. Gonzales; Ricardo Cruz-López; Matthew S. Edwards; Teresa M. Tymon; Frithjof C. Küpper; Carl J. Carrano (Algae, 2020)

High dietary sodium augments vascular tone and attenuates low-flow mediated constriction in salt-resistant adults - Ninette Shenouda; Meghan G. Ramick; Shannon L. Lennon; William B. Farquhar; David G. Edwards (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020)

7700-year persistence of an isolated, free-living coral assemblage in the Galápagos Islands: a model for coral refugia? - J. S. Feingold; B. Riegl; K. Hendrickson; L. T. Toth; H. Cheng; R. L. Edwards; R. B. Aronson (Coral Reefs, 2020)

Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant species - Alison K. S. Wee; Annika M. E. Noreen; Junya Ono; Koji Takayama; Prakash P. Kumar; Hugh T. W. Tan; Mohd N. Saleh; Tadashi Kajita; Edward L. Webb (Journal of Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Biogeographical barriers restrict the movement of individuals, resulting in population divergence, genetic differentiation, endemism and speciation. Yet, some barriers demonstrate unequal effect across species depending on species dispersal, which manifests in varying genetic structure. We test the hypotheses that the genetic structure of four coastal mangrove species would reflect differences in dispersal potential across the Malay Peninsula, a major biogeographical barrier in the Indo‐West Pacific region. Location East and west coasts of the Malay Peninsula. Taxon Mangrove trees Avicennia alba , Sonneratia alba , Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Rhizophora mucronata. Methods For each species, we characterized genetic structure and gene flow using 7–12 species‐specific nuclear microsatellite markers. We tested for east–west genetic differentiation across the peninsula, a stepping‐stone migration pattern, and assessed the proportion of recent dispersal and direction of historical migration along the Malacca Strait. Results Significant east–west genetic differentiation across the peninsula was observed in A. alba , S. alba and B. gymnorhiza , and the effect was most pronounced for the two species with lower dispersal potential ( A. alba , S. alba ). In contrast, the two species with higher dispersal potential ( B. gymnorhiza and R. mucronata ) exhibited much higher proportion of recent inter‐population migration along the Malacca Strait. The signature of historical colonization from refugia in the Andaman Sea (north‐to‐south migration along the Malacca Strait) predominated for A. alba and S. alba. Historical south–north migration predominated for R. mucronata and B. gymnorhiza . Main conclusions This study implicated dispersal potential as a cause of varying mangrove species genetic structure across a biogeographical barrier. The Malay Peninsula functions as a filter to gene flow rather than a barrier. The genetic structure in mangrove species with a higher dispersal potential is more congruent with contemporary gene flow while that of species with a lower dispersal potential reflects historical processes. Our findings hint at the role of dispersal potential as a predictor of gene flow in mangroves.

Nonstate governance of solar geoengineering research - Jesse L. Reynolds; Edward A. Parson (Climatic Change, 2020)
As climate change’s risks have grown and limits to primary responses become evident, solar geoengineering (or solar radiation modification) has risen in prominence as a potential complementary response. Widespread calls for expanded research have raised objections, based on anticipated links to potential future deployment and potentially harmful interactions with other climate responses. The unique concerns raised by solar geoengineering may warrant governing associated research with more care or scrutiny than other areas, but states have not engaged the issue. Given this, we analyze the potential for nonstate actors to provide governance functions needed to enable, control, and legitimate near-term, small-scale solar geoengineering research. Drawing on the theory of regulatory processes and nonstate actors as well as evidence from other issue areas, we describe six types of nonstate actors in terms of their capacity, knowledge, and interests relevant to governing solar geoengineering research: researchers themselves, the universities or other institutions that employ them, funders, academic publishers, professional societies, and advocacy nongovernmental organizations. We conclude that suitably configured collaborations among these actors can meet the additional governance needs of near-term solar geoengineering research. We consider potential limitations to nonstate governance related to legitimacy, effectiveness, and capture, and conclude that these are not severe under present conditions, but could become stronger if research grows toward deployment. Nonstate governance may even be preferable to state regulation of small-scale scientific activities, offering more flexible early exploration of options with the possibility of later transition into more state-led and legalized governance arrangements.

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Matthew B. Sullivan; Petar Knezevic; Leonardo J. van Zyl; B. L. Sarkar; Bas E. Dutilh; Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini; Małgorzata Łobocka; Yigang Tong; James Rodney Brister; Andrea I. Moreno Switt; Jochen Klumpp; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2020)

The Rapid Regenerative Response of a Model Sea Anemone Species Exaiptasia pallida Is Characterised by Tissue Plasticity and Highly Coordinated Cell Communication - Chloé A. van der Burg; Ana Pavasovic; Edward K. Gilding; Elise S. Pelzer; Joachim M. Surm; Hayden L. Smith; Terence P. Walsh; Peter J. Prentis (Marine Biotechnology, 2020)

Socioecology of a high-density brown hyaena population within an enclosed reserve - Sarah Edwards; Jenny Noack; Louis Heyns; Diethardt Rodenwoldt; L Max Tarjan (Mammal Research, 2020)

Loss of vacuolar acidity results in iron-sulfur cluster defects and divergent homeostatic responses during aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Kenneth L. Chen; Toby N. Ven; Matthew M. Crane; Matthew L. C. Brunner; Adrian K. Pun; Kathleen L. Helget; Katherine Brower; Dexter E. Chen; Ha Doan; Justin D. Dillard-Telm; Ellen Huynh; Yen-Chi Feng; et al. (GeroScience, 2020)

Gastric and duodenal ulcers, periodontal disease, and risk of bladder cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study - Hannah Oh; Dong Hoon Lee; Edward L. Giovannucci; NaNa Keum (Cancer Causes & Control, 2020)

Dissolved Gas and Metal Composition of Hydrothermal Plumes From a 2008 Submarine Eruption on the Northeast Lau Spreading Center - Tamara Baumberger; Marvin D. Lilley; John E. Lupton; Edward T. Baker; Joseph A. Resing; Nathaniel J. Buck; Sharon L. Walker; Gretchen L. Früh-Green (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Tsunami Inundation and Maritime Hazard Modelling for a Maximum Credible Tsunami Scenario in Southeast Tasmania, Australia - Claire L. Kain; Barrie Lewarn; Edward H. Rigby; Colin Mazengarb (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2020)

The integration of grain-size distribution and plasticity parameters for characterizing and classifying unconsolidated fine-grained sediments - Wisam R. Muttashar; L. Sebastian Bryson; Michael McGlue; Edward Woolery (Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2020)

Not a melting pot: Plant species aggregate in their non‐native range - Gisela C. Stotz; James F. Cahill; Jonathan A. Bennett; Cameron N. Carlyle; Edward W. Bork; Diana Askarizadeh; Sandor Bartha; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Bazartseren Boldgiv; Leslie Brown; Marcelo Cabido; Giandiego Campetella; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Plant species continue to be moved outside of their native range by human activities. Here, we aim to determine whether, once introduced, plants assimilate into native communities or whether they aggregate, thus forming mosaics of native‐ and alien‐rich communities. Alien species might aggregate in their non‐native range owing to shared habitat preferences, such as their tendency to establish in high‐biomass, species‐poor areas. Location Twenty‐two herbaceous grasslands in 14 countries, mainly in the temperate zone. Time period 2012–2016. Major taxa studied Plants. Methods We used a globally coordinated survey. Within this survey, we found 46 plant species, predominantly from Eurasia, for which we had co‐occurrence data in their native and non‐native ranges. We tested for differences in co‐occurrence patterns of 46 species between their native (home) and non‐native (away) range. We also tested whether species had similar habitat preferences, by testing for differences in total biomass and species richness of the patches that species occupy in their native and non‐native ranges. Results We found the same species to show different patterns of association depending on whether they were in their native or non‐native range. Alien species were negatively associated with native species; instead, they aggregated with other alien species in species‐poor, high‐biomass communities in their non‐native range compared with their native range. Main conclusions The strong differences between the native (home) and non‐native (away) range in species co‐occurrence patterns are evidence that the way in which species associate with resident communities in their non‐native range is not species dependent, but is instead a property of being away from their native range. These results thus highlight that species might undergo important ecological changes when introduced away from their native range. Overall, we show origin‐dependent associations that result in novel communities, in which alien‐rich patches exist within a mosaic of native‐dominated communities.

A case of aberrant CD8 T cell–restricted IL-7 signaling with a Janus kinase 3 defect–associated atypical severe combined immunodeficiency - Aaruni Khanolkar; Jeffrey D. Wilks; Guorong Liu; Bridget M. Simpson; Edward A. Caparelli; Dawn A. Kirschmann; Jenna Bergerson; Ramsay L. Fuleihan (Immunologic Research, 2020)

Relationships among white-tailed deer density, harvest, and landscape metrics in TN, USA - Heidi L. Adams; Robert E. Kissell; Daryl Ratajczak; Edward L. Warr; Roger D. Applegate; Lynn Barrett; Tabitha Lavacot; David Graves (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2020)
Landscape and harvest indices are frequently used to represent white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) density. However, the relationship between deer density and specific landscape indices is unclear. Harvest is another metric often used to estimate deer density. Our objective was to model the relationship among deer density, landscape metrics, and harvest density of deer in TN, USA. We estimated deer density across 11 regions in 2011 using distance sampling techniques. We developed 18 a priori models to assess relationships among deer density, harvest density, and landscape metrics. Estimates of deer density ranged from 1.85 to 19.99 deer/km 2 . Deer density was best predicted by harvest density and harvest density + percent woody area. However, harvest density was the only important variable in predicting deer density (Σω i = 0.700). Results of this study emphasize the significance of harvest density in deer management. While the importance of harvest as a management tool for deer is likely to increase as landscapes are fragmented and urbanized, specific management guidelines should be based upon deer densities and landscape metrics when they are important.

Conservation genetics of Madagascar’s critically endangered ploughshare tortoise (Astrochelys yniphora) - Angelo R. Mandimbihasina; Cynthia L. Frasier; Ryan A. Hagenson; Brittani A. D. Robertson; Shannon E. Engberg; Richard E. Lewis; Lance G. Woolaver; Emilienne Razafimahatratra; Lydia L. Rabetafika; Edward E. Louis (Conservation Genetics, 2020)

Harmful Algal Blooms: Identifying Effective Adaptive Actions Used in Fishery-Dependent Communities in Response to a Protracted Event - Kathleen M. Moore; Edward H. Allison; Stacia J. Dreyer; Julia A. Ekstrom; Sunny L. Jardine; Terrie Klinger; Stephanie K. Moore; Karma C. Norman (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Predicting Patient Reported Outcomes of Cognitive Function Using Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling in Breast Cancer - Ashley M. Henneghan; Chris Gibbons; Rebecca A. Harrison; Melissa L. Edwards; Vikram Rao; Douglas W. Blayney; Oxana Palesh; Shelli R. Kesler (Brain Topography, 2020)

Changes in benthic community composition associated with the outbreak of the corallimorph, Rhodactis howesii, at Palmyra Atoll - Amanda L. Carter; Clinton B. Edwards; Michael D. Fox; Corinne G. Amir; Yoan Eynaud; Maggie D. Johnson; Levi S. Lewis; Stuart A. Sandin; Jennifer E. Smith (Coral Reefs, 2019)

Complete genome sequence of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) Los Angeles (LA) strain and its genotypic relationship to BoHV-1.1 Cooper and more recently isolated wild-type field strains - Jean M. d’Offay; Robert W. Fulton; R. Eberle; Edward J. Dubovi; Christopher C. L. Chase (Archives of Virology, 2019)

OceanGliders: A Component of the Integrated GOOS - Pierre Testor; Brad de Young; Daniel L. Rudnick; Scott Glenn; Daniel Hayes; Craig M. Lee; Charitha Pattiaratchi; Katherine Hill; Emma Heslop; Victor Turpin; Pekka Alenius; Carlos Barrera; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)
The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health, and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean processes and phenomena that are relevant for societal applications; and, (2) to contribute to the GOOS through real-time and delayed mode data dissemination. The OceanGliders program is distributed across national and regional observing systems and significantly contributes to integrated, multi-scale and multi-platform sampling strategies. OceanGliders shares best practices, requirements, and scientific knowledge needed for glider operations, data collection and analysis. It also monitors global glider activity and supports the dissemination of glider data through regional and global databases, in real-time and delayed modes, facilitating data access to the wider community. OceanGliders currently supports national, regional and global initiatives to maintain and expand the capabilities and application of gliders to meet key global challenges such as improved measurement of ocean boundary currents, water transformation and storm forecast.

Elevated carbon dioxide decreases the adverse effects of higher temperature and drought stress by mitigating oxidative stress and improving water status in Arabidopsis thaliana - Mohammad I. Abo Gamar; Anna Kisiala; R. J. Neil Emery; Edward C. Yeung; Sophia L. Stone; Mirwais M. Qaderi (Planta, 2019)

Evidence of a high-density brown hyena population within an enclosed reserve: the role of fenced systems in conservation - S. Edwards; J. Noack; L. Heyns; D. Rodenwoldt (Mammal Research, 2019)

Decentralization and the environment: Assessing smallholder oil palm development in Indonesia - Rosamond L. Naylor; Matthew M. Higgins; Ryan B. Edwards; Walter P. Falcon (Ambio, 2019)

Environmental heterogeneity and not vicariant biogeographic barriers generate community‐wide population structure in desert‐adapted snakes - Edward A. Myers; Alexander T. Xue; Marcelo Gehara; Christian L. Cox; Alison R. Davis Rabosky; Julio Lemos‐Espinal; Juan E. Martínez‐Gómez; Frank T. Burbrink (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Genetic structure can be influenced by local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity and biogeographic barriers, resulting in discrete population clusters. Geographic distance among populations, however, can result in continuous clines of genetic divergence that appear as structured populations. Here, we evaluate the relevant importance of these three factors over a landscape characterized by environmental heterogeneity and the presence of a hypothesized biogeographic barrier in producing population genetic structure within 13 codistributed snake species using a genomic data set. We demonstrate that geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity across western North America contribute to population genomic divergence. Surprisingly, landscape features long thought to contribute to biogeographic barriers play little role in divergence community wide. Our results suggest that isolation by environment is the most important contributor to genomic divergence. Furthermore, we show that models of population clustering that incorporate spatial information consistently outperform nonspatial models, demonstrating the importance of considering geographic distances in population clustering. We argue that environmental and geographic distances as drivers of community‐wide divergence should be explored before assuming the role of biogeographic barriers.

Patterns of Fine Ash Dispersal Related to Volcanic Activity at West Mata Volcano, NE Lau Basin - Sharon L. Walker; Edward T. Baker; John E. Lupton; Joseph A. Resing (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Combining Distribution and Dispersal Models to Identify a Particularly Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem - Rebecca E. Ross; Edward J. G. Wort; Kerry L. Howell (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Characterisation of the effect of day length, and associated differences in dietary intake, on the gut microbiota of Soay sheep - Nadine A. Thomas; Andrea M. Olvera-Ramírez; Leticia Abecia; Clare L. Adam; Joan E. Edwards; Georgina F. Cox; Patricia A. Findlay; Elodie Destables; Tracy A. Wood; Neil R. McEwan (Archives of Microbiology, 2019)

Epidemiological Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Commercial Sheep Flock in an Endemic Area for Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil - Angélica Consalter; Edwards Frazão-Teixeira; Jitender P. Dubey; Eraldo L. Zanella; Andressa F. da Silva; Guilherme N. de Souza; Ana M. R. Ferreira (Acta Parasitologica, 2019)

The model squid–vibrio symbiosis provides a window into the impact of strain‐ and species‐level differences during the initial stages of symbiont engagement - Sabrina Koehler; Roxane Gaedeke; Cecilia Thompson; Clotilde Bongrand; Karen L. Visick; Edward Ruby; Margaret McFall‐Ngai (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Among horizontally acquired symbioses, the mechanisms underlying microbial strain‐ and species‐level specificity remain poorly understood. Here, confocal‐microscopy analyses and genetic manipulation of the squid–vibrio association revealed quantitative differences in a symbiont's capacity to interact with the host during initial engagement. Specifically, dominant strains of Vibrio fischeri , ‘D‐type’, previously named for their dominant, single‐strain colonization of the squid's bioluminescent organ, were compared with ‘S‐type’, or ‘sharing’, strains, which can co‐colonize the organ. These D‐type strains typically: (i) formed aggregations of 100s–1000s of cells on the light‐organ surface, up to 3 orders of magnitude larger than those of S‐type strains; (ii) showed dominance in co‐aggregation experiments, independent of inoculum size or strain proportion; (iii) perturbed larger areas of the organ's ciliated surface; and, (iv) appeared at the pore of the organ approximately 4×s more quickly than S‐type strains. At least in part, genes responsible for biofilm synthesis control the hyperaggregation phenotype of a D‐type strain. Other marine vibrios produced relatively small aggregations, while an array of marine Gram‐positive and ‐negative species outside of the Vibrionaceae did not attach to the organ's surface. These studies provide insight into the impact of strain variation on early events leading to establishment of an environmentally acquired symbiosis.

Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature - Anne G. O’Carroll; Edward M. Armstrong; Helen M. Beggs; Marouan Bouali; Kenneth S. Casey; Gary K. Corlett; Prasanjit Dash; Craig J. Donlon; Chelle L. Gentemann; Jacob L. Høyer; Alexander Ignatov; Kamila Kabobah; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Typha (Cattail) Invasion in North American Wetlands: Biology, Regional Problems, Impacts, Ecosystem Services, and Management - Sheel Bansal; Shane C. Lishawa; Sue Newman; Brian A. Tangen; Douglas Wilcox; Dennis Albert; Michael J. Anteau; Michael J. Chimney; Ryann L. Cressey; Edward DeKeyser; Kenneth J. Elgersma; Sarah A. Finkelstein; et al. (Wetlands, 2019)

Caspase-8 restricts natural killer cell accumulation during MCMV Infection - Yanjun Feng; Lisa P. Daley-Bauer; Linda Roback; Marc Potempa; Lewis L. Lanier; Edward S. Mocarski (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2019)

Limited coral mortality following acute thermal stress and widespread bleaching on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific - Michael D. Fox; Amanda L. Carter; Clinton B. Edwards; Yuichiro Takeshita; Maggie D. Johnson; Vid Petrovic; Corinne G. Amir; Enric Sala; Stuart A. Sandin; Jennifer E. Smith (Coral Reefs, 2019)

Resolving the depth zonation paradox in reef‐building corals - T. Edward Roberts; Tom C. L. Bridge; M. Julian Caley; Joshua S. Madin; Andrew H. Baird (Ecology, 2019)
Changes in abundance across a natural environmental gradient provide important insights into a species’ realized ecological niche. In reef‐building corals, a species’ niche is often defined using its depth range. However, most reef‐building coral species occur over a broad depth range, a fact that is incompatible with the strong zonation found in coral assemblages across depth. We resolve this paradox by modeling the abundance distributions of 110 coral species across a 45 m depth gradient to show that most are in fact depth specialists and reveal that depth range alone is incapable of capturing a species’ depth use. We then highlight the significance of our results by demonstrating how depth range greatly overestimates the potential number of species with a refuge at depth from global warming. Our findings illustrate both the limitations of the simple metric of depth range and the ecological insights that can be gained by moving beyond it.

The NE Lau Basin: Widespread and Abundant Hydrothermal Venting in the Back-Arc Region Behind a Superfast Subduction Zone - Edward T. Baker; Sharon L. Walker; Gary J. Massoth; Joseph A. Resing (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Late Holocene environmental changes and anthropogenic impact in Dee Why Lagoon, New South Wales - C. Chagué; D. Edwards; J. Ruszczyk; P. Gadd; A. Zawadzki; G. Jacobsen; D. Fierro; J. Goralewski; L. Clement; A. Albani (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019)

Strong genetic isolation despite wide distribution in a commercially exploited coastal shark - Kelvin L. Hull; Tamaryn A. Asbury; Charlene da Silva; Matthew Dicken; Ana Veríssimo; Edward D. Farrell; Stefano Mariani; Carlotta Mazzoldi; Ilaria A. M. Marino; Lorenzo Zane; Simo N. Maduna; Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes - Nicole M. Gilbertson; Joan A. Mandelson; Kathryn Hilovsky; Jeremy D. Akers; Trent A. Hargens; David L. Wenos; Elizabeth S. Edwards (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Microbiological safety of popular recreation swimming sites in Central California - Xunde Li; Jennifer A. Chase; Ronald F. Bond; Panachon Lor; Kristine Fernandez; Trân H. Nguyen; Melissa L. Partyka; Anyarat Thiptara; Edward R. Atwill (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Ten tips for developing interdisciplinary socio-ecological researchers - Rachel Kelly; Mary Mackay; Kirsty L. Nash; Christopher Cvitanovic; Edward H. Allison; Derek Armitage; Aletta Bonn; Steven J. Cooke; Stewart Frusher; Elizabeth A. Fulton; Benjamin S. Halpern; Priscila F. M. Lopes; et al. (Socio-Ecological Practice Research, 2019)

Leading by listening, learning by doing: modeling democratic approaches to conservation leadership in graduate education - Karen A. Kainer; Citlalli López Binnqüist; Jonathan L. Dain; Belinda Contreras Jaimes; Patricia Negreros Castillo; Roldan Gonzalez Basulto; Edward A. Ellis; Hannah H. Covert; Rodrigo López Rodríguez; Irving Uriel Hernández Gómez; Fernando Melchor Contreras (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2019)

Joint exposure to smoking, excessive weight, and physical inactivity and survival of ovarian cancer patients, evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Rikki Cannioto; Allan Jensen; Susanne K. Kjaer; Susan J. Jordan; Brenda Diergaarde; J. Brian Szender; Kunle Odunsi; Hani Almohanna; Paul Mayor; Kirsten Starbuck; Emese Zsiros; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Germination niches and seed persistence of tropical epiphytic orchids in an urban landscape - Muhammad Izuddin; Tim Wing Yam; Edward L. Webb (Journal of Plant Research, 2019)

Securing a Just Space for Small-Scale Fisheries in the Blue Economy - Philippa J. Cohen; Edward H. Allison; Neil L. Andrew; Joshua Cinner; Louisa S. Evans; Michael Fabinyi; Len R. Garces; Stephen J. Hall; Christina C. Hicks; Terry P. Hughes; Svein Jentoft; David J. Mills; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Advancing Research for the Management of Long-Lived Species: A Case Study on the Greenland Shark - Jena E. Edwards; Elizabeth Hiltz; Franziska Broell; Peter G. Bushnell; Steven E. Campana; Jørgen S. Christiansen; Brynn M. Devine; Jeffrey J. Gallant; Kevin J. Hedges; M. Aaron MacNeil; Bailey C. McMeans; Julius Nielsen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Quantitation of Purines from Pigeon Guano and Implications for Cryptococcus neoformans Survival During Infection - Jessica L. Chitty; David J. Edwards; Avril A. B. Robertson; Mark S. Butler; John A. Duley; Matthew A. Cooper; James A. Fraser (Mycopathologia, 2019)

Pre-diagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in cancer patients - Johanna E. Torfadottir; Thor Aspelund; Unnur A. Valdimarsdottir; Mary Frances Cotch; Laufey Tryggvadottir; Tamara B. Harris; Vilmundur Gudnason; Hans-Olov Adami; Lorelei A. Mucci; Edward L. Giovannucci; Meir J. Stampfer; Laufey Steingrimsdottir (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Congo Basin peatlands: threats and conservation priorities - Greta C. Dargie; Ian T. Lawson; Tim J. Rayden; Lera Miles; Edward T. A. Mitchard; Susan E. Page; Yannick E. Bocko; Suspense A. Ifo; Simon L. Lewis (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2019)

Better Regional Ocean Observing Through Cross-National Cooperation: A Case Study From the Northeast Pacific - John A. Barth; Susan E. Allen; Edward P. Dever; Richard K. Dewey; Wiley Evans; Richard A. Feely; Jennifer L. Fisher; Jonathan P. Fram; Burke Hales; Debby Ianson; Jennifer Jackson; Kim Juniper; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters - Airam Rodríguez; José M. Arcos; Vincent Bretagnolle; Maria P. Dias; Nick D. Holmes; Maite Louzao; Jennifer Provencher; André F. Raine; Francisco Ramírez; Beneharo Rodríguez; Robert A. Ronconi; Rebecca S. Taylor; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Distribution of dissolved iron and bacteria producing the photoactive siderophore, vibrioferrin, in waters off Southern California and Northern Baja - Kyoko Yarimizu; Ricardo Cruz-López; Ernesto García-Mendoza; Matthew Edwards; Melissa L. Carter; Carl J. Carrano (BioMetals, 2019)

Less is more: lemurs (Eulemur spp.) may benefit from loss of trichromatic vision - Rachel L. Jacobs; Carrie C. Veilleux; Edward E. Louis; James P. Herrera; Chihiro Hiramatsu; David C. Frankel; Mitchell T. Irwin; Amanda D. Melin; Brenda J. Bradley (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2019)

Inbreeding tolerance as a pre‐adapted trait for invasion success in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis - Pierre‐André Eyer; Kenji Matsuura; Edward L. Vargo; Kazuya Kobayashi; Toshihisa Yashiro; Wataru Suehiro; Chihiro Himuro; Tomoyuki Yokoi; Benoit Guénard; Robert R. Dunn; Kazuki Tsuji (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Identifying traits that facilitate species introductions and successful invasions of ecosystems represents a key issue in ecology. Following their establishment into new environments, many non‐native species exhibit phenotypic plasticity with post‐introduction changes in behaviour, morphology or life history traits that allow them to overcome the presumed loss of genetic diversity resulting in inbreeding and reduced adaptive potential. Here, we present a unique strategy in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis (Emery) , in which inbreeding tolerance is a pre‐adapted trait for invasion success, allowing this ant to cope with genetic depletion following a genetic bottleneck. We report for the first time that inbreeding is not a consequence of the founder effect following introduction, but it is due to mating between sister queens and their brothers that pre‐exists in native populations which may have helped it circumvent the cost of invasion. We show that a genetic bottleneck does not affect the genetic diversity or the level of heterozygosity within colonies and suggest that generations of sib‐mating in native populations may have reduced inbreeding depression through purifying selection of deleterious alleles. This work highlights how a unique life history may pre‐adapt some species for biological invasions.

Benign gynecologic conditions are associated with ovarian cancer risk in African-American women: a case–control study - Hyo K. Park; Joellen M. Schildkraut; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Sydnee Crankshaw; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Paul Terry; Frances Wang; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Does sowing an oats catch crop reduce nitrate leaching from urine deposition following simulated winter forage grazing? - a growth chamber experiment - P. L. Carey; K. C. Cameron; H. J. Di; G. R. Edwards (Plant and Soil, 2018)

Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins with 30 years of discordant exercise habits - Katherine E. Bathgate; James R. Bagley; Edward Jo; Robert J. Talmadge; Irene S. Tobias; Lee E. Brown; Jared W. Coburn; Jose A. Arevalo; Nancy L. Segal; Andrew J. Galpin (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)

High‐resolution reconstruction of 8.2‐ka BP event documented in Père Noël cave, southern Belgium - M. Allan; N. Fagel; H. J. L. van der Lubbe; H. B. Vonhof; H. Cheng; R. Lawrence Edwards; S. Verheyden (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2018)
A distinct shift in δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace element contents of the Père Noël (PN) stalagmite from southern Belgium revealed an abrupt climatic anomaly at 8.13 ± 0.03 ka BP (before present = before 1950 AD). This anomaly is characterized by a maximum drop in the δ 18 O (−1.4‰ compared the mean) between 8.13 and 8.10 ka BP (±0.03). This drop of δ 18 O coincides with a decrease in δ 13 C and trace element (Sr, Ba and Mg) concentrations suggesting drier conditions. Our precise chronology provides the timing of the outburst of proglacial lakes Agassiz and Ojibway that caused the δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace elemental anomalies at 8.13–8.10 ± 0.03 ka BP, which corresponds to the 8.2‐ka BP event. The PN stalagmite bears δ 18 O values in fluid inclusions that covary with the δ 18 O values in calcite, suggesting that the speleothem calcite δ 18 O primarily reflects variations in the rainfall δ 18 O. Comparison of the PN record with different marine and terrestrial archives during the 8.2‐ka BP event shows a good agreement in timing and duration, suggesting that the PN speleothem can be regarded as a valuable proxy to better understand the 8.2‐ka BP event.

The Influence of Riverine Nutrients in Niche Partitioning of Phytoplankton Communities–A Contrast Between the Amazon River Plume and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Diluted Water of the East China Sea - Helga do Rosario Gomes; Qian Xu; Joji Ishizaka; Edward J. Carpenter; Patricia L. Yager; Joaquim I. Goes (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

A lateral-to-mesial organization of human ventral visual cortex at birth - P. Barttfeld; S. Abboud; H. Lagercrantz; U. Adén; N. Padilla; A. D. Edwards; L. Cohen; M. Sigman; S. Dehaene; G. Dehaene-Lambertz (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

Thyroid hormone manipulation influences development of cardiovascular regulation in embryonic Pekin duck, Anas platyrhynchos domestica - Tushar S. Sirsat; Dane A. Crossley; Janna L. Crossley; Edward M. Dzialowski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2018)

Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires - Xanthe J. Walker; Brendan M. Rogers; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Steven G. Cumming; Nicola J. Day; Scott J. Goetz; Jill F. Johnstone; Edward A. G. Schuur; Merritt R. Turetsky; Michelle C. Mack (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana ) or jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) of the Northwest Territories ( NWT ), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer ( SOL ) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35 kg C m −2 was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3 Tg C emitted from 2.85 Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine‐scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries - Robert L. Stephenson; Stacey Paul; Melanie Wiber; Eric Angel; Ashleen J. Benson; Anthony Charles; Omer Chouinard; Marc Clemens; Dan Edwards; Paul Foley; Lindsay Jennings; Owen Jones; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Fisheries sustainability is recognized to have four pillars: ecological, economic, social (including cultural) and institutional (or governance). Although international agreements, and legislation in many jurisdictions, call for implementation of all four pillars of sustainability, the social, economic and institutional aspects (i.e., the “human dimensions”) have not been comprehensively and collectively addressed to date. This study describes a framework for comprehensive fisheries evaluation developed by the Canadian Fisheries Research Network ( CFRN ) that articulates the full spectrum of ecological, economic, social and institutional objectives required under international agreements, together with candidate performance indicators for sustainable fisheries. The CFRN framework is aimed at practical fisheries evaluation and management and has a relatively balanced distribution of elements across the four pillars of sustainability relative to 10 alternative management decision support tools and indicator scorecards, which are heavily focused on ecological and economic aspects. The CFRN framework has five immediate uses: (a) It can serve as a logic frame for defining management objectives; (b) it can be used to define alternate management options to achieve given objectives; (c) it can serve as a tool for comparing management scenarios/options in decision support frameworks; (d) it can be employed to create a report card for comprehensive fisheries management evaluation; and (e) it is a tool for practical implementation of an integrated social–ecological system approach.

Co-Processed Excipients for Dispersible Tablets—Part 2: Patient Acceptability - Karolina Dziemidowicz; Felipe L. Lopez; Ben J. Bowles; Andrew J. Edwards; Terry B. Ernest; Mine Orlu; Catherine Tuleu (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

Co-Processed Excipients for Dispersible Tablets–Part 1: Manufacturability - Ben J. Bowles; Karolina Dziemidowicz; Felipe L. Lopez; Mine Orlu; Catherine Tuleu; Andrew J. Edwards; Terry B. Ernest (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

DNA Extraction Method Plays a Significant Role When Defining Bacterial Community Composition in the Marine Invertebrate Echinometra mathaei - Remi N. Ketchum; Edward G. Smith; Grace O. Vaughan; Britney L. Phippen; Dain McParland; Noura Al-Mansoori; Tyler J. Carrier; John A. Burt; Adam M. Reitzel (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Integrating Dynamic Subsurface Habitat Metrics Into Species Distribution Models - Stephanie Brodie; Michael G. Jacox; Steven J. Bograd; Heather Welch; Heidi Dewar; Kylie L. Scales; Sara M. Maxwell; Dana M. Briscoe; Christopher A. Edwards; Larry B. Crowder; Rebecca L. Lewison; Elliott L. Hazen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Specific niche requirements drive long-term survival and growth of translocated epiphytic orchids in an urbanised tropical landscape - Muhammad Izuddin; Tim Wing Yam; Edward L. Webb (Urban Ecosystems, 2018)

An investigation of the distribution of phosphorus between free and mineral associated soil organic matter, using density fractionation - Jessica L. Adams; Edward Tipping; Sarah A. Thacker; John N. Quinton (Plant and Soil, 2018)

Physiological determinants of walking effort in older adults: should they be targets for physical activity intervention? - Dain P. LaRoche; Edward L. Melanson; Morgan P. Baumgartner; Breanna M. Bozzuto; Victoria M. Libby; Brittany N. Marshall (GeroScience, 2018)

Neural correlates of verbal memory in youth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure - Lauren A. Gross; Eileen M. Moore; Jeffrey R. Wozniak; Claire D. Coles; Julie A. Kable; Elizabeth R. Sowell; Kenneth L. Jones; Edward P. Riley; Sarah N. Mattson (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Restoration of Cordgrass Salt Marshes: Limited Effects of Organic Matter Additions on Nitrogen Fixation - Jennifer L. Murphy; Katharyn E. Boyer; Edward J. Carpenter (Wetlands, 2018)

Genetic differentiation, races and interracial admixture in avocado (Persea americana Mill.), and Persea spp. evaluated using SSR markers - Edward J. Boza; Cecile L. Tondo; Noris Ledesma; Richard J. Campbell; Jay Bost; Raymond J. Schnell; Osman A. Gutiérrez (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2018)

Glucosamine use and risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort - Elizabeth D. Kantor; Christina C. Newton; Edward L. Giovannucci; Marjorie L. McCullough; Peter T. Campbell; Eric J. Jacobs (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Extra-pair parentage and personality in a cooperatively breeding bird - Hannah A Edwards; Hannah L Dugdale; David S Richardson; Jan Komdeur; Terry Burke (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2018)

Profiling differential microRNA expression between in situ, infiltrative and lympho-vascular space invasive breast cancer: a pilot study - Patsy S. Soon; Pamela J. Provan; Edward Kim; Nirmala Pathmanathan; Dinny Graham; Christine L. Clarke; Rosemary L. Balleine (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2018)

Exposure to Sublethal Ammonia Concentrations Alters the Duration and Intensity of Agonistic Interactions in the Crayfish, Orconectes rusticus - David D. Edwards; Katie L. Klotz; Paul A. Moore (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018)

Anthropometric characteristics and ovarian cancer risk and survival - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Kirsten B. Moysich; Paul C. Mayor; John L. Etter; Rikki A. Cannioto; Roberta B. Ness; Kristen Starbuck; Robert P. Edwards; Brahm H. Segal; Sashikant Lele; Kunle Odunsi; Brenda Diergaarde; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Ecosystem state shifts during long‐term development of an Amazonian peatland - Graeme T. Swindles; Paul J. Morris; Bronwen Whitney; Jennifer M. Galloway; Mariusz Gałka; Angela Gallego‐Sala; Andrew L. Macumber; Donal Mullan; Mark W. Smith; Matthew J. Amesbury; Thomas P. Roland; Hamed Sanei; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
The most carbon (C)‐dense ecosystems of Amazonia are areas characterized by the presence of peatlands. However, Amazonian peatland ecosystems are poorly understood and are threatened by human activities. Here, we present an investigation into long‐term ecohydrological controls on C accumulation in an Amazonian peat dome. This site is the oldest peatland yet discovered in Amazonia (peat initiation ca. 8.9 ka BP ), and developed in three stages: (i) peat initiated in an abandoned river channel with open water and aquatic plants; (ii) inundated forest swamp; and (iii) raised peat dome (since ca. 3.9 ka BP ). Local burning occurred at least three times in the past 4,500 years. Two phases of particularly rapid C accumulation (ca. 6.6–6.1 and ca. 4.9–3.9 ka BP ), potentially resulting from increased net primary productivity, were seemingly driven by drier conditions associated with widespread drought events. The association of drought phases with major ecosystem state shifts (open water wetland–forest swamp–peat dome) suggests a potential climatic control on the developmental trajectory of this tropical peatland. A third drought phase centred on ca. 1.8–1.1 ka BP led to markedly reduced C accumulation and potentially a hiatus during the peat dome stage. Our results suggest that future droughts may lead to phases of rapid C accumulation in some inundated tropical peat swamps, although this can lead ultimately to a shift to ombrotrophy and a subsequent return to slower C accumulation. Conversely, in ombrotrophic peat domes, droughts may lead to reduced C accumulation or even net loss of peat. Increased surface wetness at our site in recent decades may reflect a shift towards a wetter climate in western Amazonia. Amazonian peatlands represent important carbon stores and habitats, and are important archives of past climatic and ecological information. They should form key foci for conservation efforts.

Greenland coastal air temperatures linked to Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea ice conditions during autumn through regional blocking patterns - Thomas J. Ballinger; Edward Hanna; Richard J. Hall; Jeffrey Miller; Mads H. Ribergaard; Jacob L. Høyer (Climate Dynamics, 2018)

Long-term patterns of fasting blood glucose levels and pancreatic cancer incidence - NaNa Keum; Kyoung Hwa Ha; Ying Bao; Moon Jae Chung; Hyeon Chang Kim; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Recreational physical activity and survival in African-American women with ovarian cancer - Sarah E. Abbott; Fabian Camacho; Lauren C. Peres; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Bo Qin; Ann G. Schwartz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Glacial and interglacials in the Neotropics: a 130,000-year diatom record from central Panama - C. R. Shadik; G. M. Cárdenes-Sandí; A. Correa-Metrio; R. L. Edwards; A. Min; M. B. Bush (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2017)

Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities - Kevin R. Wilcox; Andrew T. Tredennick; Sally E. Koerner; Emily Grman; Lauren M. Hallett; Meghan L. Avolio; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Gregory R. Houseman; Forest Isbell; David Samuel Johnson; Juha M. Alatalo; Andrew H. Baldwin; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species‐level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1–315%); this range was positively correlated with the size of the metacommunity. Additionally, asynchronous responses among local communities were linked with species’ populations fluctuating asynchronously across space, perhaps stemming from physical and/or competitive differences among local communities. Accordingly, we suggest spatial heterogeneity should be a major focus for maintaining the stability of ecosystem services at larger spatial scales.

Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar - Cheng Ling Lim; Graham W. Prescott; Jose Don T. De Alban; Alan D. Ziegler; Edward L. Webb (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Political transitions often trigger substantial environmental changes. In particular, deforestation can result from the complex interplay among the components of a system—actors, institutions, and existing policies—adapting to new opportunities. A dynamic conceptual map of system components is particularly useful for systems in which multiple actors, each with different worldviews and motivations, may be simultaneously trying to alter different facets of the system, unaware of the impacts on other components. In Myanmar, a global biodiversity hotspot with the largest forest area in mainland Southeast Asia, ongoing political and economic reforms are likely to change the dynamics of deforestation drivers. A fundamental conceptual map of these dynamics is therefore a prerequisite for interventions to reduce deforestation. We used a system‐dynamics approach and causal‐network analysis to determine the proximate causes and underlying drivers of forest loss and degradation in Myanmar from 1995 to 2016 and to articulate the linkages among them. Proximate causes included infrastructure development, timber extraction, and agricultural expansion. These were stimulated primarily by formal agricultural, logging, mining, and hydropower concessions and economic investment and social issues relating to civil war and land tenure. Reform of land laws, the link between natural resource extraction and civil war, and the allocation of agricultural concessions will influence the extent of future forest loss and degradation in Myanmar. The causal‐network analysis identified priority areas for policy interventions, for example, creating a public registry of land‐concession holders to deter corruption in concession allocation. We recommend application of this analytical approach to other countries, particularly those undergoing political transition, to inform policy interventions to reduce forest loss and degradation.

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar - Graham W. Prescott; William J. Sutherland; Daniel Aguirre; Matthew Baird; Vicky Bowman; Jake Brunner; Grant M. Connette; Martin Cosier; David Dapice; Jose Don T. De Alban; Alex Diment; Julia Fogerite; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.

Erratum to: A multi-stage genome-wide association study of uterine fibroids in African Americans - Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Janina M. Jeff; Lauren A. Wise; C. Scott Gallagher; Melissa Wellons; Katherine E. Hartmann; Sarah F. Jones; Eric S. Torstenson; Scott Dickinson; Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez; Nadin Rohland; Alexander Allen; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Comparing tiers of a multi-tiered wetland assessment in the Prairie Pothole Region - Christina L. M. Hargiss; Edward S. DeKeyser; Jack E. Norland; Michael J. Ell (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2017)

Biomarkers of Acute Stroke Etiology (BASE) Study Methodology - Edward C. Jauch; Andrew D. Barreto; Joseph P. Broderick; Doug M. Char; Brett L. Cucchiara; Thomas G. Devlin; Alison J. Haddock; William J. Hicks; Brian C. Hiestand; Glen C. Jickling; Jeff June; David S. Liebeskind; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2017)

Segregation distortion and genome-wide digenic interactions affect transmission of introgressed chromatin from wild cotton species - Rahul Chandnani; Baohua Wang; Xavier Draye; Lisa K. Rainville; Susan Auckland; Zhimin Zhuang; Edward L. Lubbers; O. Lloyd May; Peng W. Chee; Andrew H. Paterson (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2017)

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of uterine fibroids in African Americans - Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Janina M. Jeff; Lauren A. Wise; C. Scott Gallagher; Melissa Wellons; Katherine E. Hartmann; Sarah F. Jones; Eric S. Torstenson; Scott Dickinson; Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez; Nadin Rohland; Alexander Allen; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus affecting up to 77% of women by menopause. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and account for $34 billion annually in the United States. Race/ethnicity and age are the strongest known risk factors. African American (AA) women have higher prevalence, earlier onset, and larger and more numerous fibroids than European American women. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fibroid risk among AA women followed by in silico genetically predicted gene expression profiling of top hits. In Stage 1, cases and controls were confirmed by pelvic imaging, genotyped and imputed to 1000 Genomes. Stage 2 used self-reported fibroid and GWAS data from 23andMe, Inc. and the Black Women’s Health Study. Associations with fibroid risk were modeled using logistic regression adjusted for principal components, followed by meta-analysis of results. We observed a significant association among 3399 AA cases and 4764 AA controls at rs739187 (risk-allele frequency = 0.27) in CYTH4 (OR (95% confidence interval) = 1.23 (1.16–1.30), p value = 7.82 × 10 −9 ). Evaluation of the genetic association results with MetaXcan identified lower predicted gene expression of CYTH4 in thyroid tissue as significantly associated with fibroid risk ( p value = 5.86 × 10 −8 ). In this first multi-stage GWAS for fibroids among AA women, we identified a novel risk locus for fibroids within CYTH4 that impacts gene expression in thyroid and has potential biological relevance for fibroids.

Influence of aerobic fitness on vasoreactivity in young men - Preston L. Bell; Edward T. Kelley; Stephanie M. McCoy; Daniel P. Credeur (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Tubal ligation and ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Chrissy McNamara; Sarah E. Abbott; Elisa V. Bandera; Bo Qin; Lauren C. Peres; Fabian Camacho; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Functional connectivity abnormalities and associated cognitive deficits in fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders (FASD) - Jeffrey R. Wozniak; Bryon A. Mueller; Sarah N. Mattson; Claire D. Coles; Julie A. Kable; Kenneth L. Jones; Christopher J. Boys; Kelvin O. Lim; Edward P. Riley; Elizabeth R. Sowell (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Phylogeography and population genetics of introduced Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Bighead Carp (H. nobilis) in North America - Heather L. Farrington; Christine E. Edwards; Meredith Bartron; Richard F. Lance (Biological Invasions, 2017)

Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to precipitation extremes: A synthesis of grassland precipitation manipulation experiments - Kevin R. Wilcox; Zheng Shi; Laureano A. Gherardi; Nathan P. Lemoine; Sally E. Koerner; David L. Hoover; Edward Bork; Kerry M. Byrne; James Cahill; Scott L. Collins; Sarah Evans; Anna K. Gilgen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Climatic changes are altering Earth's hydrological cycle, resulting in altered precipitation amounts, increased interannual variability of precipitation, and more frequent extreme precipitation events. These trends will likely continue into the future, having substantial impacts on net primary productivity ( NPP ) and associated ecosystem services such as food production and carbon sequestration. Frequently, experimental manipulations of precipitation have linked altered precipitation regimes to changes in NPP . Yet, findings have been diverse and substantial uncertainty still surrounds generalities describing patterns of ecosystem sensitivity to altered precipitation. Additionally, we do not know whether previously observed correlations between NPP and precipitation remain accurate when precipitation changes become extreme. We synthesized results from 83 case studies of experimental precipitation manipulations in grasslands worldwide. We used meta‐analytical techniques to search for generalities and asymmetries of aboveground NPP ( ANPP ) and belowground NPP ( BNPP ) responses to both the direction and magnitude of precipitation change. Sensitivity (i.e., productivity response standardized by the amount of precipitation change) of BNPP was similar under precipitation additions and reductions, but ANPP was more sensitive to precipitation additions than reductions; this was especially evident in drier ecosystems. Additionally, overall relationships between the magnitude of productivity responses and the magnitude of precipitation change were saturating in form. The saturating form of this relationship was likely driven by ANPP responses to very extreme precipitation increases, although there were limited studies imposing extreme precipitation change, and there was considerable variation among experiments. This highlights the importance of incorporating gradients of manipulations, ranging from extreme drought to extreme precipitation increases into future climate change experiments. Additionally, policy and land management decisions related to global change scenarios should consider how ANPP and BNPP responses may differ, and that ecosystem responses to extreme events might not be predicted from relationships found under moderate environmental changes.

Differential efficacies of the nicotinic α4β2 desensitizing agents in reducing nicotine self-administration in female rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Venkata M. Yenugonda; Yong Liu; Milton L. Brown; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine–Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats - Bruno P. Meloni; Diego Milani; Jane L. Cross; Vince W. Clark; Adam B. Edwards; Ryan S. Anderton; David J. Blacker; Neville W. Knuckey (NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2017)

Estimating the upper limit of prehistoric peak ground acceleration using an in situ, intact and vulnerable stalagmite from Plavecká priepast cave (Detrekői-zsomboly), Little Carpathians, Slovakia—first results - K. Gribovszki; K. Kovács; P. Mónus; G. Bokelmann; P. Konecny; M. Lednická; G. Moseley; C. Spötl; R.L. Edwards; M. Bednárik; L. Brimich; L. Tóth (Journal of Seismology, 2017)

Music as an Adjunct to Opioid-Based Analgesia - Peter R. Chai; Stephanie Carreiro; Megan L. Ranney; Ketki Karanam; Marko Ahtisaari; Robert Edwards; Kristin L. Schreiber; Lubabah Ben-Ghaly; Timothy B. Erickson; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2017)

Diversity and Inclusion in Conservation: A Proposal for a Marine Diversity Network - Nicola S. Smith; Isabelle M. Côté; Lourdes Martinez-Estevez; Edward J. Hind-Ozan; Angela L. Quiros; Nathan Johnson; Stephanie J. Green; Leslie Cornick; David Shiffman; Luis Malpica-Cruz; Allison Gleason Besch; Nikita Shiel-Rolle (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Calcium as a chemopreventive agent against colorectal neoplasm: does obesity play a role? - NaNa Keum; Hanseul Kim; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Feedbacks between plant N demand and rhizosphere priming depend on type of mycorrhizal association - Benjamin N. Sulman; Edward R. Brzostek; Chiara Medici; Elena Shevliakova; Duncan N. L. Menge; Richard P. Phillips (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Ecosystem carbon (C) balance is hypothesised to be sensitive to the mycorrhizal strategies that plants use to acquire nutrients. To test this idea, we coupled an optimality‐based plant nitrogen (N) acquisition model with a microbe‐focused soil organic matter ( SOM ) model. The model accurately predicted rhizosphere processes and C–N dynamics across a gradient of stands varying in their relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) and ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) trees. When mycorrhizal dominance was switched – ECM trees dominating plots previously occupied by AM trees, and vice versa – legacy effects were apparent, with consequences for both C and N stocks in soil. Under elevated productivity, ECM trees enhanced decomposition more than AM trees via microbial priming of unprotected SOM . Collectively, our results show that ecosystem responses to global change may hinge on the balance between rhizosphere priming and SOM protection, and highlight the importance of dynamically linking plants and microbes in terrestrial biosphere models.

Paleo-environmental reconstruction of Lopingian (upper Permian) sediments in the Galilee Basin, Queensland, Australia - L. J. Phillips; S. A. Edwards; V. Bianchi; J. S. Esterle (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017)

Cigarette smoking and the association with serous ovarian cancer in African American women: African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) - Linda E. Kelemen; Sarah Abbott; Bo Qin; Lauren Cole Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Kristin Wallace; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Kathleen Cartmell; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

QTL analysis of cotton fiber length in advanced backcross populations derived from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. mustelinum - Baohua Wang; Xavier Draye; Zhimin Zhuang; Zhengsheng Zhang; Min Liu; Edward L. Lubbers; Don Jones; O. Lloyd May; Andrew H. Paterson; Peng W. Chee (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2017)

Wide scope for ammonia and urea excretion in foraging Pacific hagfish - Michael P. Wilkie; Alexander M. Clifford; Susan L. Edwards; Gregory G. Goss (Marine Biology, 2017)

Does Aquaculture Support the Needs of Nutritionally Vulnerable Nations? - Christopher D. Golden; Katherine L. Seto; Madan M. Dey; Oai L. Chen; Jessica A. Gephart; Samuel S. Myers; Matthew Smith; Bapu Vaitla; Edward H. Allison (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

History of hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes and ovarian cancer patient survival: evidence from the ovarian cancer association consortium - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Jo L. Freudenheim; Rikki A. Cannioto; J. Brian Szender; Kevin H. Eng; Francesmary Modugno; Roberta B. Ness; Michael J. LaMonte; Grace Friel; Brahm H. Segal; Kunle Odunsi; Paul Mayor; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Lifetime number of ovulatory cycles and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Lauren C. Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Edward S. Peters; Ann G. Schwartz; Paul D. Terry; Sarah E. Abbott; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheries - Jose A Fernandes; Eleni Papathanasopoulou; Caroline Hattam; Ana M Queirós; William W W L Cheung; Andrew Yool; Yuri Artioli; Edward C Pope; Kevin J Flynn; Gorka Merino; Piero Calosi; Nicola Beaumont; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
Assessments of the combined ecological impacts of ocean acidification and warming ( OAW ) and their social and economic consequences can help develop adaptive and responsive management strategies in the most sensitive regions. Here, available observational and experimental data, theoretical, and modelling approaches are combined to project and quantify potential effects of OAW on the future fisheries catches and resulting revenues and employment in the UK under different CO 2 emission scenarios. Across all scenarios, based on the limited available experimental results considered, the bivalve species investigated were more affected by OAW than the fish species considered, compared with ocean warming alone. Projected standing stock biomasses decrease between 10 and 60%. These impacts translate into an overall fish and shellfish catch decrease of between 10 and 30% by 2020 across all areas except for the Scotland >10 m fleet. This latter fleet shows average positive impacts until 2050, declining afterwards. The main driver of the projected decreases is temperature rise (0.5–3.3 °C), which exacerbate the impact of decreases in primary production (10–30%) in UK fishing waters. The inclusion of the effect of ocean acidification on the carbon uptake of primary producers had very little impact on the projections of potential fish and shellfish catches ( 10 m fleet by the end of the century in all countries. Overall, losses in revenue are estimated to range between 1 and 21% in the short term (2020–50) with England and Scotland being the most negatively impacted in absolute terms, and Wales and North Ireland in relative terms. Losses in total employment (fisheries and associated industries) may reach approximately 3–20% during 2020–50 with the >10 m fleet and associated industries bearing the majority of the losses.

Review of Lopingian (upper Permian) stratigraphy of the Galilee Basin, Queensland, Australia - L. J. Phillips; J. S. Esterle; S. A. Edwards (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017)

The impact of floral spot and ring markings on pollinator foraging dynamics - Marinus L. de Jager; Edward Willis-Jones; Samuel Critchley; Beverley J. Glover (Evolutionary Ecology, 2017)

Canine distemper virus in the Serengeti ecosystem: molecular adaptation to different carnivore species - Veljko M. Nikolin; Ximena A. Olarte‐Castillo; Nikolaus Osterrieder; Heribert Hofer; Edward Dubovi; Camila J. Mazzoni; Edgar Brunner; Katja V. Goller; Robert D. Fyumagwa; Patricia D. Moehlman; Dagmar Thierer; Marion L. East (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Was the 1993/1994 fatal canine distemper virus ( CDV ) epidemic in lions and spotted hyaenas in the Serengeti ecosystem caused by the recent spillover of a virulent domestic dog strain or one well adapted to these noncanids? We examine this question using sequence data from 13 ‘Serengeti’ strains including five complete genomes obtained between 1993 and 2011. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses reveal that strains from noncanids during the epidemic were more closely related to each other than to those from domestic or wild canids. All noncanid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic encoded: (1) one novel substitution G134S in the CDV ‐V protein; and (2) the rare amino acid combination 519I/549H at two sites under positive selection in the region of the CDV ‐H protein that binds to SLAM ( CD 150) host cell receptors. Worldwide, only a few noncanid strains in the America II lineage encode CDV ‐H 519I/549H. All canid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic coded CDV ‐V 134G, and CDV ‐H 519R/549Y, or 519R/549H. A functional assay of cell entry revealed the highest performance by CDV ‐H proteins encoding 519I/549H in cells expressing lion SLAM receptors, and the highest performance by proteins encoding 519R/549Y, typical of dog strains worldwide, in cells expressing dog SLAM receptors. Our findings are consistent with an epidemic in lions and hyaenas caused by CDV variants better adapted to noncanids than canids, but not with the recent spillover of a dog strain. Our study reveals a greater complexity of CDV molecular epidemiology in multihost environments than previously thought.

Litter decay controlled by temperature, not soil properties, affecting future soil carbon - Edward G. Gregorich; Henry Janzen; Benjamin H. Ellert; Bobbi L. Helgason; Budong Qian; Bernie J. Zebarth; Denis A. Angers; Ronald P. Beyaert; Craig F. Drury; Scott D. Duguid; William E. May; Brian G. McConkey; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Widespread global changes, including rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, climate warming and loss of biodiversity, are predicted for this century; all of these will affect terrestrial ecosystem processes like plant litter decomposition. Conversely, increased plant litter decomposition can have potential carbon‐cycle feedbacks on atmospheric CO 2 levels, climate warming and biodiversity. But predicting litter decomposition is difficult because of many interacting factors related to the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, as well as to climate and agricultural management practices. We applied 13 C‐labelled plant litter to soil at ten sites spanning a 3500‐km transect across the agricultural regions of Canada and measured its decomposition over five years. Despite large differences in soil type and climatic conditions, we found that the kinetics of litter decomposition were similar once the effect of temperature had been removed, indicating no measurable effect of soil properties. A two‐pool exponential decay model expressing undecomposed carbon simply as a function of thermal time accurately described kinetics of decomposition. ( R 2 = 0.94; RMSE = 0.0508). Soil properties such as texture, cation exchange capacity, pH and moisture, although very different among sites, had minimal discernible influence on decomposition kinetics. Using this kinetic model under different climate change scenarios, we projected that the time required to decompose 50% of the litter (i.e. the labile fractions) would be reduced by 1–4 months, whereas time required to decompose 90% of the litter (including recalcitrant fractions) would be reduced by 1 year in cooler sites to as much as 2 years in warmer sites. These findings confirm quantitatively the sensitivity of litter decomposition to temperature increases and demonstrate how climate change may constrain future soil carbon storage, an effect apparently not influenced by soil properties.

Ensemble Decision Tree Models Using RUSBoost for Estimating Risk of Iron Failure in Drinking Water Distribution Systems - S. R. Mounce; K. Ellis; J. M. Edwards; V. L. Speight; N. Jakomis; J. B. Boxall (Water Resources Management, 2017)

Geochemistry of deep-sea sediments in two cores retrieved at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River delta, western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico - Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez; John S. Armstrong-Altrin; Leticia Rosales-Hoz; María L. Machain-Castillo; Arturo Carranza-Edwards (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2017)

Amazon River influence on nitrogen fixation and export production in the western tropical North Atlantic - Sarah C. Weber; Edward J. Carpenter; Victoria J. Coles; Patricia L. Yager; Joaquim Goes; Joseph P. Montoya (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
As part of the ANACONDAS program, we investigated the role of the Amazon plume in stimulating offshore nitrogen fixation and export production during the river's high‐discharge period (May–June 2010). Using the shipboard underway system, we performed high‐resolution sampling of over 450,000 km 2 of surface waters, characterizing the distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton, particulate organic matter (POM), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of POM in the offshore plume. We found distinct regional variations in diazotroph communities, with the Diatom‐Diazotroph Associations (DDA) Hemiaulus hauckii – Richelia intracellularis dominating the low N : P mesohaline waters to the northwest of the plume axis and Trichodesmium spp. primarily occupying oceanic waters to the east. Nutrient availability broadly shaped diazotroph distributions along the salinity gradient, but habitat longevity may also play a role in the finer‐scale distributions of communities, particularly of DDAs. H. hauckii and Trichodesmium spp. affected the nitrogen and carbon budgets in fundamentally different ways within the plume‐influenced regions, with H. hauckii making much greater contributions to the particulate nitrogen pool and to CO 2 drawdown than Trichodesmium spp., leading to much higher export fluxes. Our findings provide an important constraint on the role of the Amazon plume in creating distinct niches and roles for diazotrophs in the nutrient and carbon budgets of the western tropical North Atlantic.

Visualising the relationships between synoptic circulation type and air quality in Sydney, a subtropical coastal‐basin environment - Ningbo Jiang; Yvonne Scorgie; Melissa Hart; Matthew L. Riley; Jagoda Crawford; Paul J. Beggs; Grant C. Edwards; Lisa Chang; David Salter; Giovanni Di Virgilio (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
Ozone and particle pollution are of concern for the Sydney basin, in particular during warm months (November to March) when pollution levels can exceed national standards. Previous studies on the relationship between synoptic circulation and air quality focused on high pollution days or aggregated air quality conditions over the region as a whole. This study provides both temporal and spatial analyses of the synoptic processes affecting warm‐month ozone and particle pollution in Sydney. A warm‐month synoptic catalogue was developed by applying the self‐organising map method to the NCEP/NCAR geopotential height reanalysis for south‐east Australia. The catalogue was linked to mesoscale meteorological features such as drainage flows and sea breezes, and subsequently to the spatial variability in air quality across the Sydney basin. The typical synoptic types commonly associated with high or low ozone and PM 10 levels, as well as variations in visibility, were identified. The results suggest that, due to Sydney's subtropical coastal‐basin environment, the interaction between meso‐ and synoptic‐scale features determine local air quality conditions in the region, rather than the synoptic conditions alone. Emissions from bushfires appear to have considerable impacts on the synoptic modulation to visibility and PM 10 levels, with such impacts tending to be more at a local scale. In contrast, no comparable impacts were found for ozone pollution. For ozone and visibility, the probability for an exceedance day under some synoptic types varied considerably over time, implying that there might have been a shift in the role of synoptic modulation to local air quality associated with changes in air emissions profiles. This study provides a leap in our understanding of the relationship between synoptic circulation and air quality in a coastal‐basin environment. The results are useful for improving air quality forecasting in Sydney, with the methodology developed readily applicable to similar regions elsewhere.

Spatial reconstruction of Scottish summer temperatures from tree rings - Miloš Rydval; Björn E. Gunnarson; Neil J. Loader; Edward R. Cook; Daniel L. Druckenbrod; Rob Wilson (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
A detailed understanding of past temporal patterns and spatial expression of temperature variations is important to place recent anthropogenic climate change into a longer term context. In order to fill the current gap in our understanding of northwest European temperature variability, point‐by‐point principal component regression was used to reconstruct a spatial field of 0.5° temperature grids across Scotland. A sequence of reconstructions utilizing several combinations of detrending and disturbance correction procedures, and a selection of tree‐ring parameters [including ring width ( RW ), maximum latewood density ( MXD ) and blue intensity ( BI )] was used in an evaluation of reconstruction skill. The high resolution of the reconstructed field serves also as a diagnostic tool to spatially assess the temperature reconstruction potential of local chronologies. Best reconstruction results, reaching calibration r 2 = 65.8% and verification r 2 = 63.7% in central Scotland over the 1901–1976 period, were achieved using disturbance‐corrected and signal‐free detrended RW chronologies merged with BI data after low‐pass (high‐pass) filtering the RW ( BI ) chronologies. Calibration and verification r 2 > 50% was attained for central, north and east Scotland, >40% in west and northwest, and >30% in southern Scotland with verification of nearly all grids showing some reconstruction skill. However, the full calibration potential of reconstructions outside central Scotland was reduced either due to residual disturbance trends undetected by the disturbance correction procedure or due to other climatic or non‐climatic factors which may have adversely affected the strength of the climate signal.

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

In‐situ incubation of iron‐sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role for Thiomicrospira - Roman A. Barco; Colleen L. Hoffman; Gustavo A. Ramírez; Brandy M. Toner; Katrina J. Edwards; Jason B. Sylvan (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Sulfide mineral precipitation occurs at mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) spreading centers, both in the form of plume particles and seafloor massive sulfide structures. A common constituent of MOR is the iron‐bearing sulfide mineral pyrrhotite, which was chosen as a substrate for in‐situ incubation studies in shallow waters of Catalina Island, CA to investigate the colonization of iron‐oxidizing bacteria. Microbial community datasets were obtained from in‐situ incubated pyrrhotite, allowing for direct comparison to microbial communities of iron‐sulfides from active and inactive chimneys in deep‐sea environments. Unclassified Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria ( Magnetovibrio) largely dominated the bacterial community on pyrrhotite samples incubated in the water column while samples incubated at the surface sediment showed more even dominance by Deltaproteobacteria ( Desulfobulbus ), Gammaproteobacteria (Piscirickettsiaceae), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae), and Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriia). Cultivations that originated from pyrrhotite samples resulted in the enrichment of both, sheath‐forming and stalk‐forming Zetaproteobacteria. Additionally, a putative novel species of Thiomicrospira was isolated and shown to grow autotrophically with iron, indicating a new biogeochemical role for this ubiquitous microorganism.

Hierarchical winner-take-all particle swarm optimization social network for neural model fitting - Brandon S. Coventry; Aravindakshan Parthasarathy; Alexandra L. Sommer; Edward L. Bartlett (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2017)

Biomarkers and Pathogenic Mechanisms in Autoimmunity - Edward K. L. Chan; Elias Toubi; Karsten Conrad (Immunologic Research, 2017)

Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health - A. Lovegrove; C. H. Edwards; I. De Noni; H. Patel; S. N. El; T. Grassby; C. Zielke; M. Ulmius; L. Nilsson; P. J. Butterworth; P. R Ellis; P. R. Shewry (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017)

Coastal sea level variability in the US West Coast Ocean Forecast System (WCOFS) - Alexander L. Kurapov; Svetlana Y. Erofeeva; Edward Myers (Ocean Dynamics, 2017)

Losing Legacies, Ecological Release, and Transient Responses: Key Challenges for the Future of Northern Ecosystem Science - Merritt R. Turetsky; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Jill F. Johnstone; Michelle C. Mack; Kevin McCann; Edward A. G. Schuur (Ecosystems, 2017)

Sex differences in the association of obesity and colorectal cancer risk - Hanseul Kim; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Raman spectroscopic analysis of the effect of the lichenicolous fungus Xanthoriicola physciae on its lichen host - Howell G.M. Edwards; Mark R.D. Seaward; Tom F. Preece; Susana E. Jorge-Villar; David L. Hawksworth (Symbiosis, 2017)

3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery - Ryan Trombetta; Jason A. Inzana; Edward M. Schwarz; Stephen L. Kates; Hani A. Awad (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Ancestral range reconstruction of Galliformes: the effects of topology and taxon sampling - Ning Wang; Rebecca T. Kimball; Edward L. Braun; Bin Liang; Zhengwang Zhang (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim We examined divergence times and biogeography of the avian order Galliformes (which, despite a nearly world‐wide distribution, includes many weak fliers), to test whether current distributions reflect vicariance or long‐distance dispersal. We also tested the impact of taxon sampling and tree topology on our estimates of historical biogeography. Location World‐wide. Methods We generated timetrees for all major galliform lineages using several fossil calibrations and a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear data. We compared divergence times and reconstructed ancestral ranges using this timetree and the galliforms from a recent synthetic tree for all birds. Thus, we explored the sensitivity of our conclusions to differences in topology and taxon sampling. Results The results suggest late Cretaceous origins for Megapodiidae and possibly for Cracidae, the earliest diverging families. The other families diversified in the Eocene after the break‐up of Gondwana, contrary to previous suggestions. Both topology and taxon sampling affected the ancestral area estimates, although many nodes were consistent among the approaches. Main conclusions Divergences of Numididae, Odontophoridae and Phasianidae occurred in Africa, with subsequent dispersal to other continents. Reconstructed ranges for ancestors of the earliest diverging families, Megapodiidae and Cracidae, are less conclusive, but may have involved a South American origin, then dispersal to other continents. Thus, long‐distance dispersal is likely to have been important in galliforms, possibly reflecting more vagile ancestors and repeated range expansions and contractions. There appears to be a trade‐off between the use of trees with rich taxon sampling but limited data, where key taxa can be misplaced, and more robust trees with missing taxa. When biogeographically important taxa are included, complete taxon sampling does not appear necessary for accurate ancestral area reconstruction. Robust trees that include taxa targeted based on their distribution may be the best way to improve our understanding of historical biogeography.

Variability and anatomical specificity of the orbitofrontothalamic fibers of passage in the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS): precision care for patient-specific tractography-guided targeting of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - Nikolaos Makris; Yogesh Rathi; Palig Mouradian; Giorgio Bonmassar; George Papadimitriou; Wingkwai I. Ing; Edward H. Yeterian; Marek Kubicki; Emad N. Eskandar; Lawrence L. Wald; Qiuyun Fan; Aapo Nummenmaa; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Protection against vascular leak in neprilysin transgenic mice with complex overexpression pattern - Marilee J. Wick; Zoe L. Loomis; Julie W. Harral; Mysan Le; Carol A. Wehling; York E. Miller; Edward C. Dempsey (Transgenic Research, 2016)

Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoproteins: Entry, Replication, and Pathogenesis - Stefan L. Oliver; Edward Yang; Ann M. Arvin (Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 2016)

Metabolome‐mediated biocryomorphic evolution promotes carbon fixation in G reenlandic cryoconite holes - Joseph M. Cook; Arwyn Edwards; Mark Bulling; Luis A. J. Mur; Sophie Cook; Jarishma K. Gokul; Karen A. Cameron; Michael Sweet; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Microbial photoautotrophs on glaciers engineer the formation of granular microbial‐mineral aggregates termed cryoconite which accelerate ice melt, creating quasi‐cylindrical pits called ‘cryoconite holes’. These act as biogeochemical reactors on the ice surface and provide habitats for remarkably active and diverse microbiota. Evolution of cryoconite holes towards an equilibrium depth is well known, yet interactions between microbial activity and hole morphology are currently weakly addressed. Here, we experimentally perturbed the depths and diameters of cryoconite holes on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Cryoconite holes responded by sensitively adjusting their shapes in three dimensions (‘biocryomorphic evolution’) thus maintaining favourable conditions for net autotrophy at the hole floors. Non‐targeted metabolomics reveals concomitant shifts in cyclic AMP and fucose metabolism consistent with phototaxis and extracellular polymer synthesis indicating metabolomic‐level granular changes in response to perturbation. We present a conceptual model explaining this process and suggest that it results in remarkably robust net autotrophy on the Greenland Ice Sheet. We also describe observations of cryoconite migrating away from shade, implying a degree of self‐regulation of carbon budgets over mesoscales. Since cryoconite is a microbe‐mineral aggregate, it appears that microbial processes themselves form and maintain stable autotrophic habitats on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet.

Asynchronous demographic responses to Pleistocene climate change in Eastern Nearctic vertebrates - Frank T. Burbrink; Yvonne L. Chan; Edward A. Myers; Sara Ruane; Brian Tilston Smith; Michael J. Hickerson (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Pleistocene climatic cycles altered species distributions in the Eastern Nearctic of North America, yet the degree of congruent demographic response to the Pleistocene among codistributed taxa remains unknown. We use a hierarchical approximate Bayesian computational approach to test if population sizes across lineages of snakes, lizards, turtles, mammals, birds, salamanders and frogs in this region expanded synchronously to Late Pleistocene climate changes. Expansion occurred in 75% of 74 lineages, and of these, population size trajectories across the community were partially synchronous, with coexpansion found in at least 50% of lineages in each taxonomic group. For those taxa expanding outside of these synchronous pulses, factors related to when they entered the community, ecological thresholds or biotic interactions likely condition their timing of response to Pleistocene climate change. Unified timing of population size change across communities in response to Pleistocene climate cycles is likely rare in North America.

On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten - Steven J. Cooke; Edward H. Allison; T. Douglas Beard; Robert Arlinghaus; Angela H. Arthington; Devin M. Bartley; Ian G. Cowx; Carlos Fuentevilla; Nancy J. Leonard; Kai Lorenzen; Abigail J. Lynch; Vivian M. Nguyen; et al. (Ambio, 2016)

Primate genotyping via high resolution melt analysis: rapid and reliable identification of color vision status in wild lemurs - Rachel L. Jacobs; Amanda N. Spriggs; Tammie S. MacFie; Andrea L. Baden; Mitchell T. Irwin; Patricia C. Wright; Edward E. Louis; Richard R. Lawler; Nicholas I. Mundy; Brenda J. Bradley (Primates, 2016)

Bruguiera hainesii, a critically endangered mangrove species, is a hybrid between B. cylindrica and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) - Junya Ono; Jean W. H. Yong; Koji Takayama; Mohd Nazre Bin Saleh; Alison K. S. Wee; Takeshi Asakawa; Orlex Baylen Yllano; Severino G. Salmo; Monica Suleiman; Nguyen Xuan Tung; Khin Khin Soe; Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2016)

Dissolved Copper, Nickel and Lead in Tampamachoco Lagoon and Tuxpan River Estuary in the SW Gulf of Mexico - E. P. Garduño Ruiz; L. Rosales Hoz; A. Carranza Edwards (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Use of a coupled soil-root-leaf model to optimise phosphate fertiliser use efficiency in barley - J. Heppell; S. Payvandi; P. Talboys; K. C. Zygalakis; D. Langton; R. Sylvester-Bradley; A. C. Edwards; R. Walker; P. Withers; D. L. Jones; T. Roose (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Biogeographic gradients in ecosystem processes of the invasive ecosystem engineer Phragmites australis - A. Randall Hughes; Forest R. Schenck; Jeanne Bloomberg; Torrance C. Hanley; Dongmei Feng; Tarik C. Gouhier; R. Edward Beighley; David L. Kimbro (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Parametric Modeling of the Mouse Left Ventricular Myocardial Fiber Structure - Samer S. Merchant; Arnold David Gomez; James L. Morgan; Edward W. Hsu (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

Sub-canopy Evapotranspiration from Floating Vegetation and Open Water in a Swamp Forest - Scott T. Allen; Brandon L. Edwards; Michele L. Reba; Richard F. Keim (Wetlands, 2016)

Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity - Satria P. Sajuthi; Neeraj K. Sharma; Jeff W. Chou; Nicholette D. Palmer; David R. McWilliams; John Beal; Mary E. Comeau; Lijun Ma; Jorge Calles-Escandon; Jamehl Demons; Samantha Rogers; Kristina Cherry; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Daphnia magna’s sense of competition: intra-specific interactions (ISI) alter life history strategies and increase metals toxicity - Kurt A. Gust; Alan J. Kennedy; Nicolas L. Melby; Mitchell S. Wilbanks; Jennifer Laird; Barbara Meeks; Erik B. Muller; Roger M. Nisbet; Edward J. Perkins (Ecotoxicology, 2016)

Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with increased risk of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; a prospective cohort study - Edward R. Hammond; Rosa M. Crum; Glenn J. Treisman; Shruti H. Mehta; David B. Clifford; Ronald J. Ellis; Benjamin B. Gelman; Igor Grant; Scott L. Letendre; Christina M. Marra; Susan Morgello; David M. Simpson; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Taxon interactions control the distributions of cryoconite bacteria colonizing a High Arctic ice cap - Jarishma K. Gokul; Andrew J. Hodson; Eli R. Saetnan; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; Philippa J. Westall; Andrew P. Detheridge; Nozomu Takeuchi; Jennifer Bussell; Luis A. J. Mur; Arwyn Edwards (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Microbial colonization of glacial ice surfaces incurs feedbacks which affect the melting rate of the ice surface. Ecosystems formed as microbe–mineral aggregates termed cryoconite locally reduce ice surface albedo and represent foci of biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling. Consequently, greater understanding the ecological processes in the formation of functional cryoconite ecosystems upon glacier surfaces is sought. Here, we present the first bacterial biogeography of an ice cap, evaluating the respective roles of dispersal, environmental and biotic filtration occurring at local scales in the assembly of cryoconite microbiota. 16S rRNA gene amplicon semiconductor sequencing of cryoconite colonizing a Svalbard ice cap coupled with digital elevation modelling of physical parameters reveals the bacterial community is dominated by a ubiquitous core of generalist taxa, with evidence for a moderate pairwise distance–decay relationship. While geographic position and melt season duration are prominent among environmental predictors of community structure, the core population of taxa appears highly influential in structuring the bacterial community. Taxon co‐occurrence network analysis reveals a highly modular community structured by positive interactions with bottleneck taxa, predominantly Actinobacteria affiliated to isolates from soil humus. In contrast, the filamentous cyanobacterial taxon (assigned to Leptolyngbya/Phormidesmis pristleyi ) which dominates the community and binds together granular cryoconite are poorly connected to other taxa. While our study targeted one ice cap, the prominent role of generalist core taxa with close environmental relatives across the global cryosphere indicate discrete roles for cosmopolitan Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria as respective keystone taxa and ecosystem engineers of cryoconite ecosystems colonizing ice caps.

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

The 12-day thermoregulatory metamorphosis of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) - Sarah K. Goy Sirsat; Tushar S. Sirsat; Janna L. Crossley; Paul R. Sotherland; Edward M. Dzialowski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2016)

Shrubline but not treeline advance matches climate velocity in montane ecosystems of south‐central Alaska - Roman J. Dial; T. Scott Smeltz; Patrick F. Sullivan; Christina L. Rinas; Katriina Timm; Jason E. Geck; S. Carl Tobin; Trevor S. Golden; Edward C. Berg (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Tall shrubs and trees are advancing into many tundra and wetland ecosystems but at a rate that often falls short of that predicted due to climate change. For forest, tall shrub, and tundra ecosystems in two pristine mountain ranges of Alaska, we apply a Bayesian, error‐propagated calculation of expected elevational rise (climate velocity), observed rise (biotic velocity), and their difference (biotic inertia). We show a sensitive dependence of climate velocity on lapse rate and derive biotic velocity as a rigid elevational shift. Ecosystem presence identified from recent and historic orthophotos ~50 years apart was regressed on elevation. Biotic velocity was estimated as the difference between critical point elevations of recent and historic logistic fits divided by time between imagery. For both mountain ranges, the 95% highest posterior density of climate velocity enclosed the posterior distributions of all biotic velocities. In the Kenai Mountains, mean tall shrub and climate velocities were both 2.8 m y −1 . In the better sampled Chugach Mountains, mean tundra retreat was 1.2 m y −1 and climate velocity 1.3 m y −1 . In each mountain range, the posterior mode of tall woody vegetation velocity (the complement of tundra) matched climate velocity better than either forest or tall shrub alone, suggesting competitive compensation can be important. Forest velocity was consistently low at 0.1–1.1 m y −1 , indicating treeline is advancing slowly. We hypothesize that the high biotic inertia of forest ecosystems in south‐central Alaska may be due to competition with tall shrubs and/or more complex climate controls on the elevational limits of trees than tall shrubs. Among tall shrubs, those that disperse farthest had lowest inertia. Finally, the rapid upward advance of woody vegetation may be contributing to regional declines in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli), a poorly dispersing alpine specialist herbivore with substantial biotic inertia due to dispersal reluctance.

Participant views on consent in cancer genetics research: preparing for the precision medicine era - Karen L. Edwards; Diane M. Korngiebel; Lesley Pfeifer; Deborah Goodman; Anne Renz; Lari Wenzel; Deborah J. Bowen; Celeste M. Condit (Journal of Community Genetics, 2016)

A Framework to Assess Biogeochemical Response to Ecosystem Disturbance Using Nutrient Partitioning Ratios - J. Marty Kranabetter; Kendra K. McLauchlan; Sara K. Enders; Jennifer M. Fraterrigo; Philip E. Higuera; Jesse L. Morris; Edward B. Rastetter; Rebecca Barnes; Brian Buma; Daniel G. Gavin; Laci M. Gerhart; Lindsey Gillson; et al. (Ecosystems, 2016)

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology - Helen E. Roy; Peter M. J. Brown; Tim Adriaens; Nick Berkvens; Isabel Borges; Susana Clusella-Trullas; Richard F. Comont; Patrick De Clercq; Rene Eschen; Arnaud Estoup; Edward W. Evans; Benoit Facon; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2016)

An integrated pan‐tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets - Valerio Avitabile; Martin Herold; Gerard B. M. Heuvelink; Simon L. Lewis; Oliver L. Phillips; Gregory P. Asner; John Armston; Peter S. Ashton; Lindsay Banin; Nicolas Bayol; Nicholas J. Berry; Pascal Boeckx; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass ( AGB ) ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 108 , 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change , 2 , 2012, 182) into a pan‐tropical AGB map at 1‐km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high‐resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1‐km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N–23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9–18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South‐East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15–21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha −1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha −1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy‐relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country‐specific reference datasets.

The invertebrate ecology of the Chalk aquifer in England (UK) - L. Maurice; A. R. Robertson; D. White; L. Knight; T. Johns; F. Edwards; M. Arietti; J. P. R. Sorensen; D. Weitowitz; B. P. Marchant; J. P. Bloomfield (Hydrogeology Journal, 2016)

Unrelated secondary reproductives in the neotropical termite Silvestritermes euamignathus (Isoptera: Termitidae) - Ives Haifig; Edward L. Vargo; Paul Labadie; Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo (The Science of Nature, 2016)

Alcohol exposure in utero is associated with decreased gray matter volume in neonates - Kirsten A. Donald; J. P. Fouche; Annerine Roos; Nastassja Koen; Fleur M. Howells; Edward P. Riley; Roger P. Woods; Heather J. Zar; Katherine L. Narr; Dan J. Stein (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Fixed prey cue preferences among Dusky Pigmy Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) raised on different long-term diets - Matthew L. Holding; Edward H. Kern; Robert D. Denton; H. Lisle Gibbs (Evolutionary Ecology, 2016)

The impact of the introduction of fidaxomicin on the management of Clostridium difficile infection in seven NHS secondary care hospitals in England: a series of local service evaluations - S. D. Goldenberg; S. Brown; L. Edwards; D. Gnanarajah; P. Howard; D. Jenkins; D. Nayar; M. Pasztor; S. Oliver; T. Planche; J. A. T. Sandoe; P. Wade; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2016)

Evaluation of cystatin C as an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity in the rat - Walter C. Prozialeck; Aaron VanDreel; Christopher D. Ackerman; Ian Stock; Alexander Papaeliou; Christian Yasmine; Kristen Wilson; Peter C. Lamar; Victoria L. Sears; Joshua Z. Gasiorowski; Karyn M. DiNovo; Vishal S. Vaidya; et al. (BioMetals, 2016)

The Involvement of Gibberellins in 1,8-Cineole-Mediated Inhibition of Sprout Growth in Russet Burbank Tubers - Jeffrey C. Suttle; Linda L. Olson; Edward C. Lulai (American Journal of Potato Research, 2016)

Does Increased Road Dust Due to Energy Development Impact Wetlands in the Bakken Region? - Jessica Creuzer; Christina L. M. Hargiss; Jack E. Norland; Thomas DeSutter; Francis X. Casey; Edward S. DeKeyser; Mike Ell (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016)

Connectivity-Based Brain Parcellation - Qi Wang; Rong Chen; Joseph JaJa; Yu Jin; L. Elliot Hong; Edward H. Herskovits (Neuroinformatics, 2016)

Metformin and prostate cancer mortality: a meta-analysis - Konrad H. Stopsack; David R. Ziehr; Jennifer R. Rider; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Impact of post-anthesis rainfall, fungicide and harvesting time on the concentration of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in wheat - Lalit L. Kharbikar; Edward T. Dickin; Simon G. Edwards (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2015)

Enigmatic spheres from the Upper Triassic Lockatong Formation, Newark Basin of eastern Pennsylvania: evidence for microbial activity in marginal-lacustrine strandline deposits - Edward L. Simpson; David L. Fillmore; Michael J. Szajna; Emily Bogner; Margariete G. Malenda; Kelsey M. Livingston; Brian Hartline (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2015)

Utilizing an Ingestible Biosensor to Assess Real-Time Medication Adherence - Peter R. Chai; Jose Castillo-Mancilla; Eric Buffkin; Chad Darling; Rochelle K. Rosen; Keith J. Horvath; Edwin D. Boudreaux; Gregory K. Robbins; Patricia L. Hibberd; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015)

Brain control and information transfer - Edward J. Tehovnik; Lewis L. Chen (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster - Edward D. Zaron; Patrick J. Fitzpatrick; Scott L. Cross; John M. Harding; Frank L. Bub; Jerry D. Wiggert; Dong S. Ko; Yee Lau; Katharine Woodard; Christopher N. K. Mooers (Frontiers of Earth Science, 2015)

Speciation with gene flow in whiptail lizards from a Neotropical xeric biome - Eliana F. Oliveira; Marcelo Gehara; Vinícius A. São‐Pedro; Xin Chen; Edward A. Myers; Frank T. Burbrink; Daniel O. Mesquita; Adrian A. Garda; Guarino R. Colli; Miguel T. Rodrigues; Federico J. Arias; Hussam Zaher; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversification of the Caatinga biota. The riverine barrier hypothesis ( RBH ) claims that the São Francisco River ( SFR ) is a major biogeographic barrier to gene flow. The Pleistocene climatic fluctuation hypothesis ( PCH ) states that gene flow, geographic genetic structure and demographic signatures on endemic Caatinga taxa were influenced by Quaternary climate fluctuation cycles. Herein, we analyse genetic diversity and structure, phylogeographic history, and diversification of a widespread Caatinga lizard ( Cnemidophorus ocellifer ) based on large geographical sampling for multiple loci to test the predictions derived from the RBH and PCH . We inferred two well‐delimited lineages (Northeast and Southwest) that have diverged along the Cerrado–Caatinga border during the Mid‐Late Miocene (6–14 Ma) despite the presence of gene flow. We reject both major hypotheses proposed to explain diversification in the Caatinga. Surprisingly, our results revealed a striking complex diversification pattern where the Northeast lineage originated as a founder effect from a few individuals located along the edge of the Southwest lineage that eventually expanded throughout the Caatinga. The Southwest lineage is more diverse, older and associated with the Cerrado–Caatinga boundaries. Finally, we suggest that C. ocellifer from the Caatinga is composed of two distinct species. Our data support speciation in the presence of gene flow and highlight the role of environmental gradients in the diversification process.

Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole - Evan P. Economo; Eli M. Sarnat; Milan Janda; Ronald Clouse; Pavel B. Klimov; Georg Fischer; Benjamin D. Blanchard; Lizette N. Ramirez; Alan N. Andersen; Maia Berman; Benoit Guénard; Andrea Lucky; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim We sought to reconstruct the biogeographical structure and dynamics of a hyperdiverse ant genus, Pheidole, and to test several predictions of the taxon cycle hypothesis. Using large datasets on Pheidole geographical distributions and phylogeny, we (1) inferred patterns of biogeographical modularity (clusters of areas with similar faunal composition), (2) tested whether species in open habitats are more likely to be expanding their range beyond module boundaries, and (3) tested whether there is a bias of lineage flow from high‐ to low‐diversity areas. Location The Old World. Methods We compiled and jointly analysed a comprehensive database of Pheidole geographical distributions, the ecological affinities of different species, and a multilocus phylogeny of the Old World radiation. We used network modularity methods to infer biogeographical structure in the genus and comparative methods to evaluate the hypotheses. Results The network analysis identified eight biogeographical modules, and a suite of species with anomalous ranges that are statistically more likely to occur in open habitat, supporting the hypothesis that open habitats promote range expansion. Phylogenetic analysis shows evidence for a cascade pattern of colonization from Asia to New Guinea to the Pacific, but no ‘upstream’ colonization in the reverse direction. Main conclusions The distributions of Pheidole lineages in the Old World are highly modular, with modules generally corresponding to biogeographical regions inferred in other groups of organisms. However, some lineages have expanded their ranges across module boundaries, and these species are more likely to be adapted to open habitats rather than interior forest. In addition, there is a cascade pattern of dispersal from higher to lower diversity areas during these range expansions. Our findings are consistent with the taxon cycle hypothesis, although they do not rule out alternative interpretations.

Lignin‐modifying processes in the rhizosphere of arid land grasses - Corey M. Hudson; Edward Kirton; Miriam I. Hutchinson; Joanna L. Redfern; Blake Simmons; Eric Ackerman; Seema Singh; Kelly P. Williams; Donald O. Natvig; Amy J. Powell (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Genes associated with elevated oxidative enzyme activities in arid systems have not been well characterized. To link measured oxidative activities with specific enzymes, we assembled protein‐coding reads from the rhizospheres ( RHZ ) of two arid land grasses. Targeted gene scans for open reading frames, encoding genes potentially involved in lignin modification, resulted in 127 distinct assembly products. The putative genes included those significantly similar to C lass II secretory fungal peroxidases. These genes are expressed at sufficiently high levels for assembly, annotation and differentiation across experimental conditions, and they demonstrate the interplay of root systems, environment and plant microbiomes. The genes assembled also included copper‐dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. We detail the enzymes in the host grass RHZs and present a preliminary taxonomic microhabitat characterization. Our findings provide support for biologically mediated Fenton chemistry in the root zones of desert grasses, and provide insight into arid land carbon flow. These results also demonstrate a hyperdiverse microbial community. Both ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA sequences were dominated by bacteria, followed by fungal sequence abundance. Among the notable fungal sequences were those from the members of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( G lomeromycota), which though abundant in this study, we rarely observed in previous PCR ‐based surveys.

Retrospective stable isotope analysis reveals ecosystem responses to river regulation over the last century - Thomas F. Turner; Trevor J. Krabbenhoft; Michael L. Collyer; Corey A. Krabbenhoft; Melanie S. Edwards; Zachary D. Sharp (Ecology, 2015)
Disruption of natural flow regimes, nutrient pollution, and other consequences of human population growth and development have impacted most major rivers of the world. Alarming losses of aquatic biodiversity coincide with human‐caused river alteration, but effects of biotic homogenization on aquatic ecosystem processes are not as well documented. This is because unaltered systems for comparison are scarce, and some ecosystem‐wide effects may take decades to manifest. We evaluated aquatic ecosystem responses to extensive river‐floodplain engineering and nutrient addition in the Rio Grande of southwestern North America as revealed by changes in trophic structure of, and resource availability to, the fish community. Stable Isotope Analysis (SIA) was conducted on museum‐preserved fishes collected over a 70‐year period of intensive river management and exponential human population growth. Trophic complexity and resource heterogeneity for fish consumers (measured as “isotopic niche breadth”) decreased following sediment deprivation and channelization, and these effects persist into the present. Increased nutrient inputs led to δ 15 N enrichment in the entire fish community at all affected sites, and a shift to autochthonous sources of carbon at the most proximal site downstream of wastewater release, probably via bottom‐up transfer. Overall, retrospective SIA of apex consumers suggests radical change and functional impairment of a floodplain river ecosystem already marked by significant biodiversity loss.

Aquatic vegetation mediates the relationship between hydrologic connectivity and water quality in a managed floodplain - Michael D. Kaller; Richard F. Keim; Brandon L. Edwards; A. Raynie Harlan; Tiffany E. Pasco; William E. Kelso; D. Allen Rutherford (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Myocardial Perfusion: Characteristics of Distal Intramyocardial Arteriolar Trees - Mair Zamir; Andrew J. Vercnocke; Phillip K. Edwards; Jill L. Anderson; Steven M. Jorgensen; Erik L. Ritman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015)

Edge-Centered DTI Connectivity Analysis: Application to Schizophrenia - Edward H. Herskovits; L. Elliot Hong; Peter Kochunov; Hemalatha Sampath; Rong Chen (Neuroinformatics, 2015)

Significant spatial variability of bioavailable PAHs in water column and sediment porewater in the Gulf of Mexico 1 year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill - Yongseok Hong; Dana Wetzel; Erin L. Pulster; Pete Hull; Danny Reible; Hyun-Min Hwang; Pan Ji; Erik Rifkin; Edward Bouwer (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015)

Television watching and colorectal cancer survival in men - Yin Cao; Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt; Andrew T. Chan; Kana Wu; Charles S. Fuchs; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Low birth rates and reproductive skew limit the viability of Europe’s captive eastern black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis michaeli - Katie L. Edwards; Susan L. Walker; Amy E. Dunham; Mark Pilgrim; Benson Okita-Ouma; Susanne Shultz (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2015)

Seascape drivers of M acrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast P acific - Mattias L. Johansson; Filipe Alberto; Daniel C. Reed; Peter T. Raimondi; Nelson C. Coelho; Mary A. Young; Patrick T. Drake; Christopher A. Edwards; Kyle Cavanaugh; Jorge Assis; Lydia B. Ladah; Tom W. Bell; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
At small spatial and temporal scales, genetic differentiation is largely controlled by constraints on gene flow, while genetic diversity across a species' distribution is shaped on longer temporal and spatial scales. We assess the hypothesis that oceanographic transport and other seascape features explain different scales of genetic structure of giant kelp, M acrocystis pyrifera . We followed a hierarchical approach to perform a microsatellite‐based analysis of genetic differentiation in M acrocystis across its distribution in the northeast P acific. We used seascape genetic approaches to identify large‐scale biogeographic population clusters and investigate whether they could be explained by oceanographic transport and other environmental drivers. We then modelled population genetic differentiation within clusters as a function of oceanographic transport and other environmental factors. Five geographic clusters were identified: A laska/ C anada, central C alifornia, continental S anta B arbara, C alifornia C hannel I slands and mainland southern C alifornia/ B aja C alifornia peninsula. The strongest break occurred between central and southern C alifornia, with mainland S anta B arbara sites forming a transition zone between the two. Breaks between clusters corresponded approximately to previously identified biogeographic breaks, but were not solely explained by oceanographic transport. An isolation‐by‐environment ( IBE ) pattern was observed where the northern and southern C hannel I slands clustered together, but not with closer mainland sites, despite the greater distance between them. The strongest environmental association with this IBE pattern was observed with light extinction coefficient, which extends suitable habitat to deeper areas. Within clusters, we found support for previous results showing that oceanographic connectivity plays an important role in the population genetic structure of M acrocystis in the Northern hemisphere.

Land connectivity changes and global cooling shaped the colonization history and diversification of New World quail (Aves: Galliformes: Odontophoridae) - Peter A. Hosner; Edward L. Braun; Rebecca T. Kimball (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim Range disjunctions are frequent in birds, but the relative roles of vicariance and long‐distance dispersal in producing them are debated. Odontophorid quail are widespread in tropical and temperate habitats in the Americas, yet recent phylogenetic studies support the view that they are sister to sub‐Saharan African Ptilopachus rather than the widespread Phasianidae as formerly believed. To understand how this 10,000 km range disjunction arose in relatively non‐vagile birds, we reconstructed colonization history and diversification of odontophorids with respect to hypothesized dry‐land connections between continents (North Atlantic, Beringian, Panamanian) that would have facilitated faunal exchange. Location Africa, Nearctic and Neotropics. Methods We inferred a fossil‐calibrated odontophorid phylogeny from DNA sequences (three mitochondrial genes and eight nuclear introns) and modelled ancestral ranges with six probabilistic biogeographical models. We used the Akaike information criterion ( AIC ) to select the best‐fit biogeographical model. Results Ptilopachus and New World quail shared an Old World ancestor c . 32 Ma. During this period, Beringia connected the Nearctic and Palaearctic, and global temperatures were high, such that presence of temperate organisms at high latitudes and direct dispersal across land connections were feasible. The extant New World quail began diversifying in Central America c . 18 Ma; timing estimates and ancestral range reconstructions support the hypothesis that New World quail colonized and diversified in South America following closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Main conclusions The Africa/New World range disjunction between New World quail and Ptilopachus is the result of changes in Earth and climate history, combined with range expansion and diversification in the New World, and range contraction in the Old World. We find no evidence for overwater dispersal in New World quail.

The novel mu-opioid antagonist, GSK1521498, reduces ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J mice - Tamzin L. Ripley; Sandra Sanchez-Roige; Edward T. Bullmore; Manolo Mugnaini; Kay Maltby; Sam R. Miller; David R. Wille; Pradeep Nathan; David N. Stephens (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Evidence of the St. Clair-Detroit River System as a dispersal corridor and nursery habitat for transient larval burbot - Darrin E. McCullough; Edward F. Roseman; Kevin M. Keeler; Robin L. DeBruyne; Jeremy J. Pritt; Patricia A. Thompson; Stacey Ireland; Jason E. Ross; Dustin Bowser; Robert D. Hunter; Dana Castle; Jason L. Fischer; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with brain structure, cognition, and mood in a middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - Elizabeth A. Boots; Stephanie A. Schultz; Jennifer M. Oh; Jordan Larson; Dorothy Edwards; Dane Cook; Rebecca L. Koscik; Maritza N. Dowling; Catherine L. Gallagher; Cynthia M. Carlsson; Howard A. Rowley; Barbara B. Bendlin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2015)

Hydrology under change: an evaluation protocol to investigate how hydrological models deal with changing catchments - G. Thirel; V. Andréassian; C. Perrin; J.-N. Audouy; L. Berthet; P. Edwards; N. Folton; C. Furusho; A. Kuentz; J. Lerat; G. Lindström; E. Martin; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2015)

The influence of tree architecture, forest remnants, and dispersal syndrome on roadside epiphyte diversity in a highly urbanized tropical environment - Muhammad Izuddin; Edward L. Webb (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2015)

Chromosomal genomics facilitates fine mapping of a Russian wheat aphid resistance gene - Helena Staňková; Miroslav Valárik; Nora L. V. Lapitan; Paul J. Berkman; Jacqueline Batley; David Edwards; Ming-Cheng Luo; Zuzana Tulpová; Marie Kubaláková; Nils Stein; Jaroslav Doležel; Hana Šimková (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)