Data integration for European marine biodiversity research: creating a database on benthos and plankton to study large-scale patterns and long-term changes - Leen Vandepitte; Bart Vanhoorne; Alexandra Kraberg; Natalie Anisimova; Chryssanthi Antoniadou; Rita Araújo; Inka Bartsch; Beatriz Beker; Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi; Iacopo Bertocci; Sabine Cochrane; Keith Cooper; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Biological consequences of invasion by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) - Greg Spyreas; Brian W. Wilm; Allen E. Plocher; David M. Ketzner; Jeffrey W. Matthews; James L. Ellis; Edward J. Heske (Biological Invasions, 2010)

Historical and paleolimnological evidence for expansion of Lake Athabasca (Canada) during the Little Ice Age - R. Niloshini Sinnatamby; Yi Yi; Michael A. Sokal; Kenneth P. Clogg-Wright; Taro Asada; Sheila R. Vardy; Tammy L. Karst-Riddoch; William M. Last; John W. Johnston; Roland I. Hall; Brent B. Wolfe; Thomas W. D. Edwards (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2010)

The high value of logged tropical forests: lessons from northern Borneo - Nicholas J. Berry; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Jane K. Hill; David P. Edwards; Noel B. Tawatao; Norhayati Ahmad; David Magintan; Chey V. Khen; M. Maryati; Robert C. Ong; Keith C. Hamer (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Local people value environmental services provided by forested parks - Navjot S. Sodhi; Tien Ming Lee; Cagan H. Sekercioglu; Edward L. Webb; Dewi M. Prawiradilaga; David J. Lohman; Naomi E. Pierce; Arvin C. Diesmos; Madhu Rao; Paul R. Ehrlich (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Conducting Drug Abuse Investigations in Natural Environments: Potential Directions for Medical Toxicology Research - Edward W. Boyer; Richard J. Fay; Aaron Cook; Martin Buckosh; Patricia L. Hibberd; Patricia Case (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2010)

Conserved synteny at the protein family level reveals genes underlying Shewanella species’ cold tolerance and predicts their novel phenotypes - Tatiana V. Karpinets; Anna Y. Obraztsova; Yanbing Wang; Denise D. Schmoyer; Guruprasad H. Kora; Byung H. Park; Margrethe H. Serres; Margaret F. Romine; Miriam L. Land; Terence B. Kothe; Jim K. Fredrickson; Kenneth H. Nealson; et al. (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2010)

A unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in South Africa - Arvind Varsani; Gillian K. de Villiers; Guy L. Regnard; Robert R. Bragg; Kulsum Kondiah; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki (Archives of Virology, 2010)

Erratum to: Precise U–Pb zircon–baddeleyite age of the Jinchuan sulfide ore-bearing ultramafic intrusion, western China - Mingjie Zhang; Sandra L. Kamo; Chusi Li; Peiqing Hu; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2010)

The End of the Line: Who is Most at Risk from the Crisis in Global Fisheries? - Stephen J. Hall; Patrick Dugan; Edward H. Allison; Neil L. Andrew (Ambio, 2010)

Molecular identification of Na + –H + exchanger isoforms (NHE2) in the gills of the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus - S. L. Edwards; J. C. Weakley; A. W. Diamanduros; J. B. Claiborne (Journal of Fish Biology, 2010)
In the current study, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR were used to clone full‐length putative Na + –H + exchanger isoforms (NHE2a) cDNA from the gills of Fundulus heteroclitus. The 2480 bp cDNA includes a coding region for a protein that shows a 57% amino acid homology to rabbit NHE2. These sequences allowed data mining of available fish genome data, which revealed at least three NHE2 subtypes in some teleost species.

Prey diversity is associated with weaker consumer effects in a meta‐analysis of benthic marine experiments - Kyle F. Edwards; Kristin M. Aquilino; Rebecca J. Best; Kirsten L. Sellheim; John J. Stachowicz (Ecology Letters, 2010)
Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 194–201 Abstract A rapidly accumulating body of research has shown that species diversity consistently affects the functioning of ecosystems. The incorporation of trophic complexity and the extension of this research to larger scales and natural ranges in species diversity remain as important challenges for understanding the true magnitude of these effects in natural systems. Here, we test whether the diversity of prey communities affects the magnitude of aggregate consumer effects. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 57 consumer removal field experiments from a range of intertidal and subtidal hard substrate marine communities. We found that the richness of the prey community was the strongest predictor of the magnitude of consumer effects while controlling for habitat type, taxonomic composition, and other variables. Consumer removal increased aggregate prey abundance on average by 1200% at the lower limit of prey diversity (two species), but only 200% at the upper limit of 37 species. Importantly, compositional change was substantial at both high and low prey diversity, suggesting predation intensity did not vary with prey richness. Rather diverse prey communities appear to be more capable of maintaining abundance via compensatory responses, by containing prey species that are resistant to (or tolerant of) predators. These results suggest that the effects of species diversity on trophic interactions may scale consistently from small‐scale manipulations to cross‐community comparisons.

Precise U–Pb zircon–baddeleyite age of the Jinchuan sulfide ore-bearing ultramafic intrusion, western China - Mingjie Zhang; Sandra L. Kamo; Chusi Li; Peiqing Hu; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2010)

Genetic map construction and QTL mapping of resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) disease in Australian canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars - S. Kaur; N. O. I. Cogan; G. Ye; R. C. Baillie; M. L. Hand; A. E. Ling; A. K. Mcgearey; J. Kaur; C. J. Hopkins; M. Todorovic; H. Mountford; D. Edwards; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

A limited innate immune response is induced by a replication-defective herpes simplex virus vector following delivery to the murine central nervous system - Zane Zeier; J Santiago Aguilar; Cecilia M Lopez; GB Devi-Rao; Zachary L Watson; Henry V Baker; Edward K Wagner; David C Bloom (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2009)

Patient preferences and National Health Service costs: a cost-consequences analysis of cancer genetic services - Gethin L. Griffith; Rhiannon Tudor Edwards; J. Mark G. Williams; Jonathon Gray; Val Morrison; Clare Wilkinson; Jim Turner; Barbara France; Paul Bennett (Familial Cancer, 2009)

Hybridization and polymorphic microsatellite markers for two lagomorph species (Genus Sylvilagus): implications for conservation - Leah K. Berkman; Melody J. Saltzgiver; Edward J. Heist; Clayton K. Nielsen; Charlotte L. Roy; Paul D. Scharine (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2009)

Home Gardening for Tropical Biodiversity Conservation - EDWARD L. WEBB; MD. ENAMUL KABIR (Conservation Biology, 2009)

Terrestrial mesofauna in above- and below-ground habitats: Taylor Valley, Antarctica - Breana L. Simmons; Diana H. Wall; Byron J. Adams; Edward Ayres; John E. Barrett; Ross A. Virginia (Polar Biology, 2009)

Distribution of Dissolved Trace Metals Around the Sacrificos Coral Reef Island, in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico - L. Rosales-Hoz; A. Carranza-Edwards; L. Sanvicente-Añorve; M. A. Alatorre-Mendieta; F. Rivera-Ramirez (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009)

Insights into the molecular basis of the microaerophily of three Campylobacterales: a comparative study - Nadeem O. Kaakoush; Claudia Baar; Joanna MacKichan; Peer Schmidt; Edward M. Fox; Stephan C. Schuster; George L. Mendz (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2009)

Rapid effects of hypoxia on H+ homeostasis in articular chondrocytes - John S. Gibson; David McCartney; Joanna Sumpter; Thomas P. A. Fairfax; Peter I. Milner; Hannah L. Edwards; Robert J. Wilkins (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2009)

Microzooplankton grazing and the control of phytoplankton biomass in the Suwannee River estuary, USA - Erin L. Quinlan; Christina H. Jett; Edward J. Phlips (Hydrobiologia, 2009)

Characterization of 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical ant-garden ant, Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius) - Warren Booth; Elsa Youngsteadt; Coby Schal; Edward L. Vargo (Conservation Genetics, 2009)

Are adolescents more vulnerable to drug addiction than adults? Evidence from animal models - Nicole L. Schramm-Sapyta; Q. David Walker; Joseph M. Caster; Edward D. Levin; Cynthia M. Kuhn (Psychopharmacology, 2009)

Linking stream and landscape trajectories in the southern Appalachians - Edward P. Gardiner; Andrew B. Sutherland; Rebecca J. Bixby; Mark C. Scott; Judy L. Meyer; Gene S. Helfman; E. Fred Benfield; Cathy M. Pringle; Paul V. Bolstad; David N. Wear (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Indirect method to estimate specific Hispanic group cancer rates - Holly L. Howe; Andrew Lake; Maria J. Schymura; Brenda K. Edwards (Cancer Causes & Control, 2009)

Impacts of Nonnative Invasive Species on US Forests and Recommendations for Policy and Management - W. Keith Moser; Edward L. Barnard; Ronald F. Billings; Susan J. Crocker; Mary Ellen Dix; Andrew N. Gray; George G. Ice; Mee-Sook Kim; Richard Reid; Sue U. Rodman; William H. McWilliams (Journal of Forestry, 2009)
The introduction of nonnative invasive species (NNIS) into the United States has had tremendous impacts on the nation's commercial and urban forest resources. Of principal concern are the effects of NNIS on forest composition, structure, function, productivity, and patterns of carbon sequestration. In 2006, the Society of American Foresters commissioned an ad hoc team to prepare a white paper on the effect of NNIS on America's forests. The paper was the genesis of this article, which provides an overview of the impacts of NNIS within the United States and includes recommendations for NNIS policy and management.

Formulation and Pharmacokinetics of Self-Assembled Rifampicin Nanoparticle Systems for Pulmonary Delivery - Jean C. Sung; Danielle J. Padilla; Lucila Garcia-Contreras; Jarod L. VerBerkmoes; David Durbin; Charles A. Peloquin; Katharina J. Elbert; Anthony J. Hickey; David A. Edwards (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Intestinal Lymphatic Transport Enhances the Post-Prandial Oral Bioavailability of a Novel Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Via Avoidance of First-Pass Metabolism - Natalie L. Trevaskis; David M. Shackleford; William N. Charman; Glenn A. Edwards; Anne Gardin; Silke Appel-Dingemanse; Olivier Kretz; Bruno Galli; Christopher J. H. Porter (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the ant-garden ant, Crematogaster levior (Forel) - Warren Booth; Elsa Youngsteadt; Coby Schal; Edward L. Vargo (Conservation Genetics, 2009)

Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries - Edward H. Allison; Allison L. Perry; Marie‐Caroline Badjeck; W. Neil Adger; Katrina Brown; Declan Conway; Ashley S. Halls; Graham M. Pilling; John D. Reynolds; Neil L. Andrew; Nicholas K. Dulvy (Fish and Fisheries, 2009)
Anthropogenic global warming has significantly influenced physical and biological processes at global and regional scales. The observed and anticipated changes in global climate present significant opportunities and challenges for societies and economies. We compare the vulnerability of 132 national economies to potential climate change impacts on their capture fisheries using an indicator‐based approach. Countries in Central and Western Africa (e.g. Malawi, Guinea, Senegal, and Uganda), Peru and Colombia in north‐western South America, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) were identified as most vulnerable. This vulnerability was due to the combined effect of predicted warming, the relative importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and opportunities. Many vulnerable countries were also among the world’s least developed countries whose inhabitants are among the world’s poorest and twice as reliant on fish, which provides 27% of dietary protein compared to 13% in less vulnerable countries. These countries also produce 20% of the world’s fish exports and are in greatest need of adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the contribution that fisheries can make to poverty reduction. Although the precise impacts and direction of climate‐driven change for particular fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, our analysis suggests they are likely to lead to either increased economic hardship or missed opportunities for development in countries that depend upon fisheries but lack the capacity to adapt.

Evidence for multiple, autoploid origins of agamospermous populations in Eupatorium sessilifolium (Asteraceae) - Kunsiri C. Grubbs; Randall L. Small; Edward E. Schilling (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2009)

Intact amino acid uptake by northern hardwood and conifer trees - Anne Gallet-Budynek; Edward Brzostek; Vikki L. Rodgers; Jennifer M. Talbot; Sharon Hyzy; Adrien C. Finzi (Oecologia, 2009)

Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study - Limin X. Clegg; Marsha E. Reichman; Barry A. Miller; Benjamin F. Hankey; Gopal K. Singh; Yi Dan Lin; Marc T. Goodman; Charles F. Lynch; Stephen M. Schwartz; Vivien W. Chen; Leslie Bernstein; Scarlett L. Gomez; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2009)

Mhc haplotype H6 is associated with sustained control of SIVmac251 infection in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques - Edward T. Mee; Neil Berry; Claire Ham; Ulrike Sauermann; Maria T. Maggiorella; Frédéric Martinon; Ernst J. Verschoor; Jonathan L. Heeney; Roger Le Grand; Fausto Titti; Neil Almond; Nicola J. Rose (Immunogenetics, 2009)

Climatic drivers of hemispheric asymmetry in global patterns of ant species richness - Robert R. Dunn; Donat Agosti; Alan N. Andersen; Xavier Arnan; Carsten A. Bruhl; Xim Cerdá; Aaron M. Ellison; Brian L. Fisher; Matthew C. Fitzpatrick; Heloise Gibb; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Aaron D. Gove; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2009)
Although many taxa show a latitudinal gradient in richness, the relationship between latitude and species richness is often asymmetrical between the northern and southern hemispheres. Here we examine the latitudinal pattern of species richness across 1003 local ant assemblages. We find latitudinal asymmetry, with southern hemisphere sites being more diverse than northern hemisphere sites. Most of this asymmetry could be explained statistically by differences in contemporary climate. Local ant species richness was positively associated with temperature, but negatively (although weakly) associated with temperature range and precipitation. After contemporary climate was accounted for, a modest difference in diversity between hemispheres persisted, suggesting that factors other than contemporary climate contributed to the hemispherical asymmetry. The most parsimonious explanation for this remaining asymmetry is that greater climate change since the Eocene in the northern than in the southern hemisphere has led to more extinctions in the northern hemisphere with consequent effects on local ant species richness.

Glucose homeostasis across human airway epithelial cell monolayers: role of diffusion, transport and metabolism - Kameljit K. Kalsi; Emma H. Baker; Owen Fraser; Yuen-Li Chung; Oliver J. Mace; Edward Tarelli; Barbara J. Philips; Deborah L. Baines (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2009)

Avian host community structure and prevalence of West Nile virus in Chicago, Illinois - Scott R. Loss; Gabriel L. Hamer; Edward D. Walker; Marilyn O. Ruiz; Tony L. Goldberg; Uriel D. Kitron; Jeffrey D. Brawn (Oecologia, 2009)

Is the Response of Estuarine Nekton to Freshwater Flow in the San Francisco Estuary Explained by Variation in Habitat Volume? - Wim J. Kimmerer; Edward S. Gross; Michael L. MacWilliams (Estuaries and Coasts, 2009)

Selection and application of a rainbow trout toxicity testing procedure for screening Sacramento River Watershed, California samples - Jeffrey L. Miller; Michael J. Miller; Victor de Vlaming; Karen Larsen; Edward Smith; Kevin Reece (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Using data augmentation via the Gibbs Sampler to incorporate missing covariate structure in linear models for ecological assessments - Edward L. Boone; Keying Ye; Eric P. Smith (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2009)

Extreme changes to gene expression associated with homoploid hybrid speciation - MATTHEW J. HEGARTY; GARY L. BARKER; ADRIAN C. BRENNAN; KEITH J. EDWARDS; RICHARD J. ABBOTT; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Hybridization is an important cause of abrupt speciation. Hybrid speciation without a change in ploidy (homoploid hybrid speciation) is well‐established in plants but has also been reported in animals and fungi. A notable example of recent homoploid hybrid speciation is Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort), which originated in the UK in the 18th Century following introduction of hybrid material from a hybrid zone between S. chrysanthemifolius and S. aethnensis on Mount Etna, Sicily. To investigate genetic divergence between these taxa, we used complementary DNA microarrays to compare patterns of floral gene expression. These analyses revealed major differences in gene expression between the parent species and wild and resynthesized S. squalidus . Comparisons of gene expression between S. aethnensis , S. chrysanthemifolius and natural S. squalidus identified genes potentially involved in local environmental adaptation. The analysis also revealed non‐additive patterns of gene expression in the hybrid relative to its progenitors. These expression changes were more dramatic and widespread in resynthesized hybrids than in natural S. squalidus , suggesting that a unique expression pattern may have been fixed during the allopatric divergence of British S. squalidus . We speculate that hybridization‐induced gene‐expression change may provide an immediate source of novel phenotypic variation upon which selection can act to facilitate homoploid hybrid speciation in plants.

Assessing the extent and diversity of riparian ecosystems in Sonora, Mexico - Michael L. Scott; Pamela L. Nagler; Edward P. Glenn; Carlos Valdes-Casillas; Joseph A. Erker; Elizabeth W. Reynolds; Patrick B. Shafroth; Euduardo Gomez-Limon; Cory L. Jones (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009)

Household and homegarden characteristics in southwestern Bangladesh - Md Enamul Kabir; Edward L. Webb (Agroforestry Systems, 2009)

Cultural Resources on the New England Coast and Continental Shelf: Research, Regulatory, and Ethical Considerations from a Massachusetts Perspective - Edward L. Bell (Coastal Management, 2009)

Characterizing microbial diversity in production water from an Alaskan mesothermic petroleum reservoir with two independent molecular methods - Vinh D. Pham; Linda L. Hnatow; Shiping Zhang; Robert D. Fallon; Scott C. Jackson; Jean‐Francois Tomb; Edward F. DeLong; Sharon J. Keeler (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary The phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria and Archaea within a biodegraded, mesothermic petroleum reservoir in the Schrader Bluff Formation of Alaska was examined by two culture‐independent methods based on fosmid and small‐subunit rRNA gene PCR clone libraries. Despite the exclusion of certain groups by each method, there was overall no significant qualitative difference in the diversity of phylotypes recovered by the two methods. The resident Bacteria belonged to at least 14 phylum‐level lineages, including the polyphyletic Firmicutes , which accounted for 36.2% of all small‐subunit rRNA gene‐containing (SSU + ) fosmid clones identified. Members of uncultured divisions were also numerous and made up 35.2% of the SSU + fosmid clones. Clones from domain Archaea accounted for about half of all SSU + fosmids, suggesting that their cell numbers were comparable to those of the Bacteria in this microbial community. In contrast to the Bacteria , however, nearly all archaeal clones recovered by both methods were related to methanogens, especially acetoclastic methanogens, while the plurality of bacterial fosmid clones was affiliated with Synergistes ‐like acetogenic Firmicutes that possibly degrade longer‐chain carboxylic acid components in the crude oil to acetate. These data suggest that acetate may be a key intermediary metabolite in this subsurface anaerobic food chain, which leads to methane production as the primary terminal electron sink.

Sub‐millennial climate shifts in the western Mediterranean during the last glacial period recorded in a speleothem from Mallorca, Spain - Edward J. Hodge; David A. Richards; Peter L. Smart; Angel Ginés; David P. Mattey (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2008)
Very few high‐resolution and directly dated terrestrial archives of the last glacial period exist for the western Mediterranean region, yet this is a key locality for recording sub‐millennial North Atlantic and Mediterranean climate change. Here, we present evidence of effective precipitation changes based on growth history and δ 13 C of calcite in a Mallorcan stalagmite that grew between 112 and 48 ka. Effective precipitation in Mallorca appears to have been sensitive to proximal sea surface temperature variations and at certain times, ca. 76 ka for example, changed rapidly from moist to arid conditions in only a few centuries. A sea‐level highstand during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a interrupted growth. Regrowth started promptly after this, but effective precipitation decreased markedly for much of the later part of MIS 5a, and also for shorter periods correlative with Heinrich events H8 (ca. 90 ka) and H6 (ca. 65 ka), with growth ceasing during H5 (ca. 48 ka). Arid episodes in Mallorca appear to be expressions of extremely cold periods recorded further north in Europe and occur contemporaneously with rapid decreases in Greenland temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Should We Protect the Strong or the Weak? Risk, Resilience, and the Selection of Marine Protected Areas - EDWARD T. GAME; EVE McDONALD‐MADDEN; MARJI L. PUOTINEN; HUGH P. POSSINGHAM (Conservation Biology, 2008)
It is thought that recovery of marine habitats from uncontrollable disturbance may be faster in marine reserves than in unprotected habitats. But which marine habitats should be protected, those areas at greatest risk or those at least risk? We first defined this problem mathematically for 2 alternate conservation objectives. We then analytically solved this problem for both objectives and determined under which conditions each of the different protection strategies was optimal. If the conservation objective was to maximize the chance of having at least 1 healthy site, then the best strategy was protection of the site at lowest risk. On the other hand, if the goal was to maximize the expected number of healthy sites, the optimal strategy was more complex. If protected sites were likely to spend a significant amount of time in a degraded state, then it was best to protect low‐risk sites. Alternatively, if most areas were generally healthy then, counterintuitively, it was best to protect sites at higher risk. We applied these strategies to a situation of cyclone disturbance of coral reefs on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. With regard to the risk of cyclone disturbance, the optimal reef to protect differed dramatically, depending on the expected speed of reef recovery of both protected and unprotected reefs. An adequate consideration of risk is fundamental to all conservation actions and can indicate surprising routes to conservation success.

Effects of Human Trampling on Populations of Soil Fauna in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - EDWARD AYRES; JOHNSON N. NKEM; DIANA H. WALL; BYRON J. ADAMS; J. E. BARRETT; EMMA J. BROOS; ANDREW N. PARSONS; LAURA E. POWERS; BREANA L. SIMMONS; ROSS A. VIRGINIA (Conservation Biology, 2008)
Antarctic ecosystems are often considered nearly pristine because levels of anthropogenic disturbance are extremely low there. Nevertheless, over recent decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of people, researchers and tourists, visiting Antarctica. We evaluated, over 10 years, the direct impact of foot traffic on the abundance of soil animals and soil properties in Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. We compared soils from minimally disturbed areas with soils from nearby paths that received intermediate and high levels of human foot traffic (i.e., up to approximately 80 passes per year). The nematodes Scottnema lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. were the most commonly found animal species, whereas rotifers and tardigrades were found only occasionally. On the highly trampled footpaths, abundance of S. lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. was up to 52 and 76% lower, respectively, than in untrampled areas. Moreover, reduction in S. lindsayae abundance was more pronounced after 10 years than 2 years and in the surface soil than in the deeper soil, presumably because of the longer period of disturbance and the greater level of physical disturbance experienced by the surface soil. The ratio of living to dead Eudorylaimus sp. also declined with increased trampling intensity, which is indicative of increased mortality or reduced fecundity. At one site there was evidence that high levels of trampling reduced soil CO 2 fluxes, which is related to total biological activity in the soil. Our results show that even low levels of human traffic can significantly affect soil biota in this ecosystem and may alter ecosystem processes, such as carbon cycling. Consequently, management and conservation plans for Antarctic soils should consider the high sensitivity of soil fauna to physical disturbance as human presence in this ecosystem increases.

A region of barley chromosome 6H harbors multiple major genes associated with net type net blotch resistance - M. Abu Qamar; Z. H. Liu; J. D. Faris; S. Chao; M. C. Edwards; Z. Lai; J. D. Franckowiak; T. L. Friesen (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008)

Development of a Smart Nano-vehicle to Target Cerebrovascular Amyloid Deposits and Brain Parenchymal Plaques Observed in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - Edward K. Agyare; Geoffry L. Curran; Muthu Ramakrishnan; Caroline C. Yu; Joseph F. Poduslo; Karunya K. Kandimalla (Pharmaceutical Research, 2008)

Association of the TCF7L2 polymorphism with colorectal cancer and adenoma risk - Aditi Hazra; Charles S. Fuchs; Andrew T. Chan; Edward L. Giovannucci; David J. Hunter (Cancer Causes & Control, 2008)

Syringeal anatomy and allometry in murres (Alcidae: Uria) - Edward H. Miller; Sampath S. Seneviratne; Ian L. Jones; Gregory J. Robertson; Sabina I. Wilhelm (Journal of Ornithology, 2008)

Climatic fluctuations shape the phylogeography of a mesic direct‐developing frog from the south‐western Australian biodiversity hotspot - Danielle L. Edwards; J. Dale Roberts; J. Scott Keogh (Journal of Biogeography, 2008)
Aim To assess phylogeographic pattern throughout the range of Metacrinia nichollsi in order to develop specific biogeographical hypotheses for the wet forests of south‐western Australia. This was carried out by contrasting a direct‐developing frog species, M. nichollsi , that breeds independently of free surface water with conventional, aquatic breeders and highly specialized direct developers. Location Wet forests of the south‐western Australian biodiversity hotspot – an area of high species richness and endemism for myobatrachid frogs and many other faunal groups. Methods We compiled an extensive phylogeographic data set from field‐collected samples based on mitochondrial ND2 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses combined with estimates of divergence times were used to build a model of major biogeographical events affecting the species. Phylogeographic analyses were used to provide insights into smaller‐scale processes acting within each major lineage. Results Phylogenetic analysis recovered three major lineages, with divergence dates coincident with late Miocene–early Pliocene arid cycles. One lineage was confined to geographically isolated populations in the Stirling Ranges (Stirling Ranges Lineage, SRL). The continuous range of M. nichollsi was split into two: the Main Range Lineage (MRL) and the Southern Coastal Lineage (SCL). The SCL displays a strong drainage‐based population structure, whereas the MRL displays a strong signature of recent expansion, suggesting that these two lineages have had very different biogeographical histories. Main conclusions Late Miocene–Pliocene aridity appears to have isolated populations in the Stirling Ranges and resulted in the formation of two additional lineages on a north–south gradient that are independent of southward‐flowing drainage systems. Our results demonstrate that climatic fluctuations are likely to have generated fine‐scale phylogeographic structure within M. nichollsi and that catchment regions are important refugia during arid cycles.

Decreased adhesiveness, resistance to anoikis and suppression of GRP94 are integral to the survival of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer - Edward W. Howard; Steve C. L. Leung; H. F. Yuen; Chee Wai Chua; Davy T. Lee; K. W. Chan; Xianghong Wang; Yong Chuan Wong (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2008)

Prevalence and predictors of cancer screening among American Indian and Alaska native people: the EARTH study - Mary Catherine Schumacher; Martha L. Slattery; Anne P. Lanier; Khe-Ni Ma; Sandra Edwards; Elizabeth D. Ferucci; Lillian Tom-Orme (Cancer Causes & Control, 2008)

Cell-type-specific level of DNA nucleotide excision repair in primary human mammary and ovarian epithelial cell cultures - Jean J. Latimer; Jennifer M. Johnson; Tiffany D. Miles; Jason M. Dimsdale; Robert P. Edwards; Joseph L. Kelley; Stephen G. Grant (Cell and Tissue Research, 2008)

Viral communities associated with healthy and bleaching corals - Kristen L. Marhaver; Robert A. Edwards; Forest Rohwer (Environmental Microbiology, 2008)
Summary The coral holobiont is the integrated assemblage of the coral animal, its symbiotic algae, protists, fungi and a diverse consortium of Bacteria and Archaea . Corals are a model system for the study of symbiosis, the breakdown of which can result in disease and mortality. Little is known, however, about viruses that infect corals and their symbionts. Here we present metagenomic analyses of the viral communities associated with healthy and partially bleached specimens of the Caribbean reef‐building coral Diploria strigosa . Surprisingly, herpes‐like sequences accounted for 4–8% of the total sequences in each metagenome; this abundance of herpes‐like sequences is unprecedented in other marine viral metagenomes. Viruses similar to those that infect algae and plants were also present in the coral viral assemblage. Among the phage identified, cyanophages were abundant in both healthy and bleaching corals and vibriophages were also present. Therefore, coral‐associated viruses could potentially infect all components of the holobiont – coral, algal and microbial. Thus, we expect viruses to figure prominently in the preservation and breakdown of coral health.

Replication of association between ELAVL4 and Parkinson disease: the GenePD study - Anita L. DeStefano; Jeanne Latourelle; Mark F. Lew; Oksana Suchowersky; Christine Klein; Lawrence I. Golbe; Margery H. Mark; John H. Growdon; G. Fredrick Wooten; Ray Watts; Mark Guttman; Brad A. Racette; et al. (Human Genetics, 2008)

Age- and sex-related differences in muscle activation for a discrete functional task - B. Harwood; D. L. Edwards; J. M. Jakobi (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008)

A new African streak virus species from Nigeria - Sunday Oluwafemi; Arvind Varsani; Adérito L. Monjane; Dionne N. Shepherd; Betty E. Owor; Edward P. Rybicki; Darren P. Martin (Archives of Virology, 2008)

Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data - M. J. Power; J. Marlon; N. Ortiz; P. J. Bartlein; S. P. Harrison; F. E. Mayle; A. Ballouche; R. H. W. Bradshaw; C. Carcaillet; C. Cordova; S. Mooney; P. I. Moreno; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2008)

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum and Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrids as Feedstocks for Ethanol Production - Thomas L. Tew; Robert M. Cobill; Edward P. Richard (BioEnergy Research, 2008)

Extensive polymorphism and geographical variation at a positively selected MHC class II B gene of the lesser kestrel ( Falco naumanni ) - MIGUEL ALCAIDE; SCOTT V. EDWARDS; JUAN J. NEGRO; DAVID SERRANO; JOSÉ L. TELLA (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
Understanding the selective forces that shape genetic variation in natural populations remains a high priority in evolutionary biology. Genes at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have become excellent models for the investigation of adaptive variation and natural selection because of their crucial role in fighting off pathogens. Here we present one of the first data sets examining patterns of MHC variation in wild populations of a bird of prey, the lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni . We report extensive polymorphism at the second exon of a putatively functional MHC class II gene, Fana‐ DAB*1. Overall, 103 alleles were isolated from 121 individuals sampled from Spain to Kazakhstan. Bayesian inference of diversifying selection suggests that several amino acid sites may have experienced strong positive selection (ω = 4.02 per codon). The analysis also suggests a prominent role of recombination in generating and maintaining MHC diversity (ρ = 4 Nc = 0.389 per codon, θ = 0.017 per codon). Both the Fana ‐DAB*1 locus and a set of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers revealed an isolation‐by‐distance pattern across the Western Palaearctic ( r = 0.67; P = 0.01 and r = 0.50; P = 0.04, respectively). Nonetheless, geographical variation at the MHC contrasts with relatively uniform distributions in the frequencies of microsatellite alleles. In addition, we found lower fixation rates in the MHC than those predicted by genetic drift after controlling for neutral mitochondrial sequences. Our results therefore underscore the role of balancing selection as well as spatial variations in parasite‐mediated selection regimes in shaping MHC diversity when gene flow is limited.

Autumn migration and wintering of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Canadian high Arctic - Mark L. Mallory; Jason A. Akearok; Darryl B. Edwards; Kieran O’Donovan; Cynthia D. Gilbert (Polar Biology, 2008)

Climate change, weather variability and corn yield at a higher latitude locale: Southwestern Quebec - Juan Jose Almaraz; Fazli Mabood; Xiaomin Zhou; Edward G. Gregorich; Donald L. Smith (Climatic Change, 2008)

Changes in abundance and spatial distribution of geese molting near Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska: interspecific competition or ecological change? - Paul L. Flint; Edward J. Mallek; Rodney J. King; Joel A. Schmutz; Karen S. Bollinger; Dirk V. Derksen (Polar Biology, 2008)

Phylogeography, historical demography, and the role of post-settlement ecology in two Hawaiian damselfish species - Marina L. Ramon; Peter A. Nelson; Edward De Martini; William J. Walsh; Giacomo Bernardi (Marine Biology, 2008)

Liver lesions in demersal fishes near a large ocean outfall on the San Pedro Shelf, California - Edward Basmadjian; Edwin M. Perkins; Charles R. Phillips; Daniel J. Heilprin; Susan D. Watts; Douglas R. Diener; Mark S. Myers; Kelly A. Koerner; Michael J. Mengel; George Robertson; Jeffrey L. Armstrong; Andrew L. Lissner; et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008)

Reconciling Environmental and Flood Control Goals on an Arid-Zone River: Case Study of the Limitrophe Region of the Lower Colorado River in the United States and Mexico - Edward P. Glenn; Kate Hucklebridge; Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta; Pamela L. Nagler; Jennifer Pitt (Environmental Management, 2008)

Recovery of Aboveground Plant Biomass and Productivity After Fire in Mesic and Dry Black Spruce Forests of Interior Alaska - Michelle C. Mack; Kathleen K. Treseder; Kristen L. Manies; Jennifer W. Harden; Edward A. G. Schuur; Jason G. Vogel; James T. Randerson; F. Stuart Chapin (Ecosystems, 2008)

Aureoles of Pb(II)-enriched feldspar around monazite in paragneiss and anatectic pods of the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica: the roles of dissolution-reprecipitation and diffusion - Edward S. Grew; Martin G. Yates; Christopher J. L. Wilson (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)

Overview of the California climate change scenarios project - Daniel R. Cayan; Amy L. Luers; Guido Franco; Michael Hanemann; Bart Croes; Edward Vine (Climatic Change, 2008)

Postglacial relative sea‐level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling - Anthony J. Brooks; Sarah L. Bradley; Robin J. Edwards; Glenn A. Milne; Ben Horton; Ian Shennan (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2008)
The British Isles have been the focus of a number of recent modelling studies owing to the existence of a high‐quality sea‐level dataset for this region and the suitability of these data for constraining shallow earth viscosity structure, local to regional ice sheet histories and the magnitude/timing of global meltwater signals. Until recently, the paucity of both glaciological and relative sea‐level (RSL) data from Ireland has meant that the majority of these glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling studies of the British Isles region have tended to concentrate on reconstructing ice cover over Britain. However, the recent development of a sea‐level database for Ireland along with emergence of new glaciological data on the spatial extent, thickness and deglacial chronology of the Irish Ice Sheet means it is now possible to revisit this region of the British Isles. Here, we employ these new data to constrain the evolution of the Irish Ice Sheet. We find that in order to reconcile differences between model predictions and RSL evidence, a thick, spatially extensive ice sheet of ∼600–700 m over much of north and central Ireland is required at the LGM with very rapid deglaciation after 21 k cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The California Hotspots Project: identifying regions of rapid diversification of mammals - EDWARD BYRD DAVIS; MICHELLE S. KOO; CHRIS CONROY; JAMES L. PATTON; CRAIG MORITZ (Molecular Ecology, 2008)
The high rate of anthropogenic impact on natural systems mandates protection of the evolutionary processes that generate and sustain biological diversity. Environmental drivers of diversification include spatial heterogeneity of abiotic and biotic agents of divergent selection, features that suppress gene flow, and climatic or geological processes that open new niche space. To explore how well such proxies perform as surrogates for conservation planning, we need first to map areas with rapid diversification —‘evolutionary hotspots’. Here we combine estimates of range size and divergence time to map spatial patterns of neo‐endemism for mammals of California, a global biodiversity hotspot. Neo‐endemism is explored at two scales: (i) endemic species, weighted by the inverse of range size and mtDNA sequence divergence from sisters; and (ii) as a surrogate for spatial patterns of phenotypic divergence, endemic subspecies, again using inverse‐weighting of range size. The species‐level analysis revealed foci of narrowly endemic, young taxa in the central Sierra Nevada, northern and central coast, and Tehachapi and Peninsular Ranges. The subspecies endemism‐richness analysis supported the last four areas as hotspots for diversification, but also highlighted additional coastal areas (Monterey to north of San Francisco Bay) and the Inyo Valley to the east. We suggest these hotspots reflect the major processes shaping mammal neo‐endemism: steep environmental gradients, biotic admixture areas, and areas with recent geological/climate change. Anthropogenic changes to both environment and land use will have direct impacts on regions of rapid divergence. However, despite widespread changes to land cover in California, the majority of the hotspots identified here occur in areas with relatively intact ecological landscapes. The geographical scope of conserving evolutionary process is beyond the scale of any single agency or nongovernmental organization. Choosing which land to closely protect and/or purchase will always require close coordination between agencies.

Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution - S. R. Floeter; L. A. Rocha; D. R. Robertson; J. C. Joyeux; W. F. Smith‐Vaniz; P. Wirtz; A. J. Edwards; J. P. Barreiros; C. E. L. Ferreira; J. L. Gasparini; A. Brito; J. M. Falcón; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2008)
Aim To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location Atlantic Ocean. Methods The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum‐parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio‐temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non‐terrestrial) inter‐regional barriers (mid‐Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as ‘filters’ by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic. Main conclusions Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former.

Within-field variability of Fusarium head blight pathogens and their associated mycotoxins - X.-M. Xu; D. W. Parry; P. Nicholson; M. A. Thomsett; D. Simpson; S. G. Edwards; B. M. Cooke; F. M. Doohan; S. Monaghan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007)

Effects of Helicobacter hepaticus on the proteome of HEp-2 cells - Arinze S. Okoli; Edward M. Fox; Mark J. Raftery; George L. Mendz (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2007)

Patterns of Vertebrate Isochore Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Expressed Mammalian, Avian, and Crocodilian Genes - Jena L. Chojnowski; James Franklin; Yoshinao Katsu; Taisen Iguchi; Louis J. Guillette; Rebecca T. Kimball; Edward L. Braun (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2007)

Diagnosis and management of small‐scale fisheries in developing countries - Neil L Andrew; Christophe Béné; Stephen J Hall; Edward H Allison; Simon Heck; Blake D Ratner (Fish and Fisheries, 2007)
Small‐scale fisheries (SSF) make important but undervalued contributions to the economies of some of the world’s poorest countries. They also provide much of the animal protein needed by societies in which food security remains a pressing issue. Assessment and management of these fisheries is usually inadequate or absent and they continue to fall short of their potential as engines for development and social change. In this study, we bring together existing theory and methods to suggest a general scheme for diagnosing and managing SSF. This approach can be adapted to accommodate the diversity of these fisheries in the developing world. Many threats and solutions to the problems that beset SSF come from outside the domain of the fishery. Significant improvements in prospects for fisheries will require major changes in societal priorities and values, with consequent improvements in policy and governance. Changes in development policy and science reflect these imperatives but there remains a need for intra‐sectoral management that builds resilience and reduces vulnerability to those forces beyond the influence of small‐scale fishers.

Population dynamics of marine magnetotactic bacteria in a meromictic salt pond described with qPCR - Sheri L. Simmons; Dennis A. Bazylinski; Katrina J. Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) contain membrane‐bound magnetic iron minerals and are globally abundant in the suboxic/anoxic portions of chemically stratified marine and freshwater environments. However, their population dynamics and potential quantitative contribution to the biogeochemical cycles that they influence (iron, sulfur, carbon) have not been previously considered. Here we report the first quantitative description of the distribution of individual species of magnetite‐ and greigite‐producing MTB in a natural system. We developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay targeting 16s rRNA genes to enumerate four major groups of marine MTB, and applied the assay to samples collected with respect to geochemical parameters during summer 2003 in seasonally stratified Salt Pond, MA. Using catalysed reporter deposition‐fluorescent in situ hybridization, we also show that a large greigite‐producing bacterium is distantly related to Thiomicrospira pelophila in the Gammaproteobacteria . Ribosomal RNA copy numbers obtained with quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicate that MTB comprise up to 10% of total Bacteria and that each organism has a characteristic distributional profile with respect to the chemocline.

Poster abstracts - J. Ferrie; M. Shipley; F. Cappuccio; E. Brunner; M. Miller; M. Kumari; M. Marmot; A. Coenen; J. L. Castillo; F. Araya; G. Bustamante; L. Montecino; et al. (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2007)

Exploration of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: a concept paper on the development, organisation and execution of an experiment to explore, measure and sample the environment of a West Antarctic subglacial lake - M.J. Siegert; A. Behar; M. Bentley; D. Blake; S. Bowden; P. Christoffersen; C. Cockell; H. Corr; D. C. Cullen; H. Edwards; A. Ellery; C. Ellis-Evans; et al. (Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2007)

The use of incidence-based species richness estimators, species accumulation curves and similarity measures to appraise ethnobotanical inventories from South Africa - Vivienne L. Williams; Edward T. F. Witkowski; Kevin Balkwill (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2007)

Environmental Implications of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments near Isla de Sacrificios, Mexico - L. Rosales-Hoz; A. Carranza-Edwards; O. Celis-Hernandez (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007)

Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene - Robert D. Ward; Shannon W. Davis; MinChul Cho; Constance Esposito; Robert H. Lyons; Jan-Fang Cheng; Edward M. Rubin; Simon J. Rhodes; Lori T. Raetzman; Timothy P. L. Smith; Sally A. Camper (Mammalian Genome, 2007)

Just Add Water and the Colorado River Still Reaches the Sea - Edward P. Glenn; Karl W. Flessa; Michael J. Cohen; Pamela L. Nagler; Kirsten Rowell; Francisco Zamora-Arroyo (Environmental Management, 2007)

Impact of Plio‐Pleistocene arid cycling on the population history of a southwestern Australian frog - DANIELLE L. EDWARDS; J. DALE ROBERTS; J. SCOTT KEOGH (Molecular Ecology, 2007)
Southwestern Australia is regarded as a global biodiversity hotspot. The region contains a high number of endemic species, ranging from Gondwanan relicts to much more recently evolved plant and animal species. Myobatrachid frogs are diverse in southwestern Australia, and while we know they have speciated in situ in the southwest, we know little about the temporal and geographical patterning of speciation events. Crinia georgiana is an ideal subject to test hypotheses concerning the effect of climatic history on southwestern Australian anurans, as it is an old lineage with a broad distribution covering the entire region. We compiled an extensive phylogeographical data set based on 1085 bp of the mitochondrial gene ND2 for 68 individuals from 18 sites across the species’ range. Two major genetic clades were identified which were largely confined to the high rainfall and southeast coastal biogeographical zones, respectively. The clades appear to have diverged around the Plio‐Pleistocene border (1.26–1.72 million years ago), concordant with increasing intensity and frequency of arid climate cycles. Subsequent phylogeographical structure appears to have developed primarily during the Pleistocene climatic fluctuations that also have been integral in generating species diversity in the endemic southwestern Australian flora. Phylogeographical analyses identified several dispersal routes, possible refugial areas within the range of the species and also regions of secondary contact. Dispersal routes identified may now be closed to the species because of habitat destruction and salinity problems in inland regions, posing concerns about the evolutionary potential of the species in light of predicted climate change.

The effects of temperature and predator—prey interactions on the migration behavior and vertical distribution of Mysis relicta - Brent T. Boscarino; Lars G. Rudstam; Shylene Mata; Gideon Gal; Ora E. Johannsson; Edward L. Mills (Limnology and Oceanography, 2007)
The extent to which temperature, temperature gradients, predator smell, and prey availability influence the migratory behaviors and vertical distribution of the opossum shrimp, Mysis relicta , was explored through controlled laboratory experiments and comparisons with field distributions of mysids in Lake Ontario. By varying environmental conditions in 2‐m tall experimental columns in a temperature‐controlled room, we determined that mysids prefer temperatures between 6°C and 8°C with limited movement into waters of 12°C or higher. No mysids moved into waters above 16°C in the absence of prey. However, a higher proportion of mysids moved into temperatures of 14°C and 16°C (but not 18°C) when densities of Daphnia pulicaria exceeding 120 L −1 were present at those temperatures. Mysis avoided waters with kairomones from a primary mysid predator, the alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ). The rate of temperature change with depth did not restrict mysid movements. A temperature preference function based on the experimental data was applied to an existing model of mysid vertical distribution. The modified model predicted the depth of maximum mysid density to within 1 m and yielded high percentage overlap index values when compared with published mysid vertical distributions in Lake Ontario. Our approach may be used to model how diurnal, seasonal, and larger climactic changes can impact both the vertical position and feeding ecology of mysids, a keystone species in many deep‐water pelagic food webs.

Psychiatric safety of ketamine in psychopharmacology research - Edward B. Perry; Joyce A. Cramer; Hyun-Sang Cho; Ismene L. Petrakis; Laurence P. Karper; Angelina Genovese; Elizabeth O’Donnell; John H. Krystal; D. Cyril D’Souza (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

FDG-PET for Pharmacodynamic Assessment of the Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor C75 in an Experimental Model of Lung Cancer - Jae Sung Lee; Hajime Orita; Kathleen Gabrielson; Sara Alvey; Ruth L. Hagemann; Francis P. Kuhajda; Edward Gabrielson; Martin G. Pomper (Pharmaceutical Research, 2007)

Labile nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus pools and nitrogen mineralization and immobilization rates at low temperatures in seasonally snow-covered soils - Michele Freppaz; Berwyn L. Williams; Anthony C. Edwards; Riccardo Scalenghe; Ermanno Zanini (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2007)

AAPS-FDA Workshop White Paper: Microdialysis Principles, Application and Regulatory Perspectives - Chandra S. Chaurasia; Markus Müller; Edward D. Bashaw; Eva Benfeldt; Jan Bolinder; Ross Bullock; Peter M. Bungay; Elizabeth C. M. DeLange; Hartmut Derendorf; William F. Elmquist; Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes; Christian Joukhadar; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2007)

Measuring RNA:DNA ratios in individual Acartia tonsa (Copepoda) - Christa L. Speekmann; B. Scott Nunez; Edward J. Buskey (Marine Biology, 2007)

Characterization and multi-generational stability of the growth hormone transgene (EO-1α) responsible for enhanced growth rates in Atlantic Salmon - Edward S. Yaskowiak; Margaret A. Shears; Alka Agarwal-Mawal; Garth L. Fletcher (Transgenic Research, 2007)

AAPS-FDA workshop white paper: Microdialysis principles, application, and regulatory perspectives report from the Joint AAPS-FDA Workshop, November 4–5, 2005, Nashville, TN - Chandra S. Chaurasia; Markus Müller; Edward D. Bashaw; Eva Benfeldt; Jan Bolinder; Ross Bullock; Peter M. Bungay; Elizabeth C. M. DeLange; Hartmut Derendorf; William F. Elmquist; Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes; Christian Joukhadar; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2007)

Genetic connectivity among color morphs and Pacific archipelagos for the flame angelfish, Centropyge loriculus - Jennifer K. Schultz; Richard L. Pyle; Edward DeMartini; Brian W. Bowen (Marine Biology, 2007)

Complexation of oxoanions and cationic metals by the biscatecholate siderophore azotochelin - Jean-Philippe Bellenger; Françoise Arnaud-Neu; Zouhair Asfari; Satish C. B. Myneni; Edward I. Stiefel; Anne M. L. Kraepiel (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2007)

Quality of race, Hispanic ethnicity, and immigrant status in population-based cancer registry data: implications for health disparity studies - Limin X. Clegg; Marsha E. Reichman; Benjamin F. Hankey; Barry A. Miller; Yi D. Lin; Norman J. Johnson; Stephen M. Schwartz; Leslie Bernstein; Vivien W. Chen; Marc T. Goodman; Scarlett L. Gomez; John J. Graff; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990–2000 - Lance A. Waller; Brett J. Goodwin; Mark L. Wilson; Richard S. Ostfeld; Stacie L. Marshall; Edward B. Hayes (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2007)

Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research - Shannon G. Matta; David J. Balfour; Neal L. Benowitz; R. Thomas Boyd; Jerry J. Buccafusco; Anthony R. Caggiula; Caroline R. Craig; Allan C. Collins; M. Imad Damaj; Eric C. Donny; Phillip S. Gardiner; Sharon R. Grady; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Progress in isotope paleohydrology using lake sediment cellulose - Brent B. Wolfe; Matthew D. Falcone; Ken P. Clogg-Wright; Cherie L. Mongeon; Yi Yi; Bronwyn E. Brock; Natalie A. St. Amour; William A. Mark; Thomas W. D. Edwards (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2007)

Bottom‐up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus ) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis - ANDREW W. TRITES; ARTHUR J. MILLER; HERBERT D. G. MASCHNER; MICHAEL A. ALEXANDER; STEVEN J. BOGRAD; JOHN A. CALDER; ANTONIETTA CAPOTONDI; KENNETH O. COYLE; EMANUELE DI LORENZO; BRUCE P. FINNEY; EDWARD J. GREGR; CHESTER E. GROSCH; et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 2007)
Declines of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976–77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon by Steller sea lions at mid‐trophic levels. The east–west asymmetry of the oceanic response to climate forcing after 1976–77 is consistent with both the temporal aspect (populations decreased after the late 1970s) and the spatial aspect of the decline (western, but not eastern, sea lion populations decreased). These broad‐scale climate variations appear to be modulated by regionally sensitive biogeographic structures along the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, which include a transition point from coastal to open‐ocean conditions at Samalga Pass westward along the Aleutian Islands. These transition points delineate distinct clusterings of different combinations of prey species, which are in turn correlated with differential population sizes and trajectories of Steller sea lions. Archaeological records spanning 4000 yr further indicate that sea lion populations have experienced major shifts in abundance in the past. Shifts in ocean climate are the most parsimonious underlying explanation for the broad suite of ecosystem changes that have been observed in the North Pacific Ocean in recent decades.

Unexpected diversity in populations of the many‐celled magnetotactic prokaryote - Sheri L. Simmons; Katrina J. Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary The many‐celled magnetotactic prokaryote (MMP) is an uncultivated, highly motile aggregate of 10–30 cells containing numerous chains of greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) magnetosomes. It is unique to marine environments and is abundant in slightly sulfidic sediments of the Little Sippewissett salt marsh (Falmouth, MA). We sequenced 16s rDNA genes from a natural population of MMP and found five lineages separated by at least 5% sequence divergence. Fluorescent in situ hybridization probes for three of these lineages showed significant variation in their relative abundances across a seasonal cycle in marsh productivity. The MMP should therefore be considered a separate genus in the δ‐proteobacteria rather than a single species as previously thought. All cells in each aggregate express identical SSU rRNAs, suggesting that the aggregates are composed of a single MMP phylotype. This observation supports a model of the MMP as comprised of clonal cells which reproduce by binary fission of the aggregate.

Evolution of the karyotype and sex chromosome systems in basal clades of araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae) - Jiří Král; Jana Musilová; František Št’áhlavský; Milan Řezáč; Zübeyde Akan; Robert L. Edwards; Frederick A. Coyle; Carles Ribera Almerje (Chromosome Research, 2006)

A prospective study of fish, marine fatty acids, and bladder cancer risk among men and women (United States) - Crystal N. Holick; Edward L. Giovannucci; Meir J. Stampfer; Dominique S. Michaud (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

An eddy covariance mesonet to measure the effect of forest age on land–atmosphere exchange - MICHAEL L. GOULDEN; GREGORY C. WINSTON; ANDREW M. S. McMILLAN; MARCY E. LITVAK; EDWARD L. READ; ADRIAN V. ROCHA; J. ROB ELLIOT (Global Change Biology, 2006)
We deployed a mesonet of year‐round eddy covariance towers in boreal forest stands that last burned in ∼1850, ∼1930, 1964, 1981, 1989, 1998, and 2003 to understand how CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration change during secondary succession. We used MODIS imagery to establish that the tower sites were representative of the patterns of secondary succession in the region, and Landsat images to show that the individual stands have changed over the last 22 years in ways that match the spatially derived trends. The eddy covariance towers were well matched, with similar equipment and programs, which maximized site‐to‐site precision and allowed us to operate the network in an efficient manner. The six oldest sites were fully operational for ∼90% of the growing season and ∼70% of the dormant season from 2001 or 2002 to 2004, with most of the missing data caused by low battery charge or bad signals from the sonic anemometers. The rates of midday growing‐season CO 2 uptake recovered to preburn levels within 4 years of fire. The seasonality of land–atmosphere exchange and growing‐season length changed markedly with stand age. The foliage in the younger stands (1989, 1998, and 2003 burns) was almost entirely deciduous, which resulted in comparatively short growing seasons that lasted ∼65 days. In contrast, the older stands (1850, 1930, 1964, and 1981) were mostly evergreen, which resulted in comparatively long growing seasons that lasted ∼130 days. The eddy covariance mesonet approach we describe could be used within the context of other ecological experimental designs such as controlled manipulations and gradient comparisons.

Temperature‐independent diel variation in soil respiration observed from a temperate deciduous forest - Q. LIU; N. T. EDWARDS; W. M. POST; L. GU; J. LEDFORD; S. LENHART (Global Change Biology, 2006)
The response of soil respiration ( R s ) to temperature depends largely on the temporal and spatial scales of interest and how other environmental factors interact with this response. They are often represented by empirical exponential equations in many ecosystem analyses because of the difficulties in separating covarying environmental responses and in observing below ground processes. The objective of this study was to quantify a soil temperature‐independent component in R s by examining the diel variation of an R s time series measured in a temperate deciduous forest located at Oak Ridge, TN, USA between March and December 2003. By fitting 2 hourly, continuous automatic chamber measurements of CO 2 efflux at the soil surface to a Q 10 function to obtain the temperature‐dependent respiration ( R t ) and plotting the diel cycles of R t , R s , and their difference ( R i ), we found that an obvious temperature‐independent component exists in R s during the growing season. The diel cycle of this component has a distinct day/night pattern and agrees well with diel variations in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and air temperature. Elevated canopy CO 2 concentration resulted in similar patterns in the diel cycle of the temperature‐independent component but with different daily average rates in different stages of growing season. We speculate that photosynthesis of the stand is one of the main contributors to this temperature‐independent respiration component although more experiments are needed to draw a firm conclusion. We also found that despite its relatively small magnitude compared with the temperature‐dependent component, the diel variation in the temperature‐independent component can lead to significantly different estimates of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the study forest. As a result, the common practice of using fitted temperature‐dependent function from night‐time measurements to extrapolate soil respiration during the daytime may underestimate daytime soil respiration.

A COMPARISON OF BIOFOULING COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH FREE‐RANGING AND CAPTIVE FLORIDA MANATEES ( TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS ) - Erin L. Bledsoe; Kendal E. Harr; Mary F. Cichra; Edward J. Phlips; Robert K. Bonde; Mark Lowe (Marine Mammal Science, 2006)

Gap size and succession in cutover southern Appalachian forests: an 18 year study of vegetation dynamics - Donald J. Shure; Donald L. Phillips; P. Edward Bostick (Plant Ecology, 2006)

Evidence for adiabatic decompression melting in the Southern Mariana Arc from high-Mg lavas and melt inclusions - Edward J. Kohut; Robert J. Stern; Adam J. R. Kent; Roger L. Nielsen; Sherman H. Bloomer; Matthew Leybourne (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006)

Characterization and multi-generational stability of the growth hormone transgene (EO-1α) responsible for enhanced growth rates in Atlantic Salmon - Edward S. Yaskowiak; Margaret A. Shears; Alka Agarwal-Mawal; Garth L. Fletcher (Transgenic Research, 2006)

Pharmacodynamics of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1 Infected Patients: Using Viral Dynamic Models that Incorporate Drug Susceptibility and Adherence - Hulin Wu; Yangxin Huang; Edward P. Acosta; Jeong -Gun Park; Song Yu; Susan L. Rosenkranz; Daniel R. Kuritzkes; Joseph J. Eron; Alan S. Perelson; John G. Gerber (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2006)

Indirect effects of algae on coral: algae‐mediated, microbe‐induced coral mortality - Jennifer E. Smith; Morrigan Shaw; Rob A. Edwards; David Obura; Olga Pantos; Enric Sala; Stuart A. Sandin; Steven Smriga; Mark Hatay; Forest L. Rohwer (Ecology Letters, 2006)
Declines in coral cover are generally associated with increases in the abundance of fleshy algae. In many cases, it remains unclear whether algae are responsible, directly or indirectly, for coral death or whether they simply settle on dead coral surfaces. Here, we show that algae can indirectly cause coral mortality by enhancing microbial activity via the release of dissolved compounds. When coral and algae were placed in chambers together but separated by a 0.02 μ m filter, corals suffered 100% mortality. With the addition of the broad‐spectrum antibiotic ampicillin, mortality was completely prevented. Physiological measurements showed complementary patterns of increasing coral stress with proximity to algae. Our results suggest that as human impacts increase and algae become more abundant on reefs a positive feedback loop may be created whereby compounds released by algae enhance microbial activity on live coral surfaces causing mortality of corals and further algal growth.

Preliminary evidence of reduced occipital GABA concentrations in puerperal women: a 1H-MRS study - C. Neill Epperson; Ralitza Gueorguieva; Kathryn A. Czarkowski; Stephanie Stiklus; Edward Sellers; John H. Krystal; Douglas L. Rothman; Graeme F. Mason (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Characterization of the novel CYP2A6*21 allele using in vivo nicotine kinetics - Nael Al Koudsi; Jill C. Mwenifumbo; Edward M. Sellers; Neal L. Benowitz; Gary E. Swan; Rachel F. Tyndale (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2006)

Interactions between Widely Spaced Young Poplars (Populus spp.) and the Understorey Environment - G. B. Douglas; A. S. Walcroft; S. E. Hurst; J. F. Potter; A. G. Foote; L. E. Fung; W. R. N. Edwards; C. van den Dijssel (Agroforestry Systems, 2006)

Primary production in Long Island sound - Nicole L. Goebel; James N. Kremer; Christopher A. Edwards (Estuaries and Coasts, 2006)

Coupling climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework: A convex optimisation approach - L. Drouet; N. R. Edwards; A. Haurie (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2006)

An indirect test of inbreeding depression in the termites Reticulitermes flavipes and Reticulitermes virginicus - Christopher J. DeHeer; Edward L. Vargo (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2006)

Genetic Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer: Prostate-specific Antigen and its Interaction with the Androgen Receptor (United States) - Weiva Sieh; Karen L. Edwards; Annette L. Fitzpatrick; Sengkeo L. Srinouanprachanh; Fred M. Farin; Stephanie A. Monks; Richard A. Kronmal; David L. Eaton (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Diet After Diagnosis and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression, Recurrence, and Death (United States) - June M. Chan; Crystal N. Holick; Michael F. Leitzmann; Eric B. Rimm; Walter C. Willett; Meir J. Stampfer; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Contradicting Barrier Reef relationships for Darwin’s Evolution of reef types - Edward G. Purdy; Edward L. Winterer (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2006)

Interactions between Widely Spaced Young Poplars (Populus spp.) and Introduced Pasture Mixtures - G. B. Douglas; A. S. Walcroft; S. E. Hurst; J. F. Potter; A. G. Foote; L. E. Fung; W. R. N. Edwards; C. van den Dijssel (Agroforestry Systems, 2006)

Phosphodiesterase inhibition by sildenafil citrate attenuates a maze learning impairment in rats induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition - Bryan D. Devan; Jonna L. Bowker; Kara B. Duffy; Ila S. Bharati; Mariana Jimenez; Demetrio Sierra-Mercado; Christopher M. Nelson; Edward L. Spangler; Donald K. Ingram (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

(−)-Menthol biosynthesis and molecular genetics - Rodney B. Croteau; Edward M. Davis; Kerry L. Ringer; Mark R. Wildung (The Science of Nature, 2005)

Observation and Simulation of Root Reinforcement on Abandoned Mediterranean Slopes - L. P. H. van Beek; J. Wint; L. H. Cammeraat; J. P. Edwards (Plant and Soil, 2005)

Regeneration of Native Trees in the Presence of Invasive Saltcedar in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico - PAMELA L. NAGLER; OSVEL HINOJOSA‐HUERTA; EDWARD P. GLENN; JAQUELINE GARCIA‐HERNANDEZ; REGGIE ROMO; CHARLES CURTIS; ALFREDO R. HUETE; STEPHEN G. NELSON (Conservation Biology, 2005)
Many riparian zones in the Sonoran Desert have been altered by elimination of the normal flood regime; such changes to the flow regime have contributed to the spread of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissma Ledeb.), an exotic, salt‐tolerant shrub. It has been proposed that reestablishment of a natural flow regime on these rivers might permit passive restoration of native trees, without the need for aggressive saltcedar clearing programs. We tested this proposition in the Colorado River delta in Mexico, which has received a series of large‐volume water releases from U.S. dams over the past 20 years. We mapped the vegetation of the delta riparian corridor through ground and aerial surveys (1999–2002) and satellite imagery (1992–2002) and related vegetation changes to river flood flows and fire events. Although saltcedar is still the dominant plant in the delta, native cottonwood ( Populus fremontii S. Wats.) and willow (Salix gooddingii C. Ball) trees have regenerated multiple times because of frequent flood releases from U.S. dams since 1981. Tree populations are young and dynamic (ages 5–10 years). The primary cause of tree mortality between floods is fire. Biomass in the floodplain, as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index on satellite images, responds positively even to low‐volume (but long‐duration) flood events. Our results support the hypothesis that restoration of a pulse flood regime will regenerate native riparian vegetation despite the presence of a dominant invasive species, but fire management will be necessary to allow mature tree stands to develop.

Hydroxyl and Peroxy Radical Chemistry in a Rural Area of Central Pennsylvania: Observations and Model Comparisons - Xinrong Ren; William H. Brune; Christopher A. Cantrell; Gavin D. Edwards; Terry Shirley; Andrew R. Metcalf; Robert L. Lesher (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2005)

Application of Diversity Indices to Appraise Plant Availability in the Traditional Medicinal Markets of Johannesburg, South Africa - Vivienne L. Williams; Edward T. F. Witkowski; Kevin Balkwill (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2005)

Altered genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of aphid populations under enriched CO 2 and O 3 atmospheres - Edward B. Mondor; Michelle N. Tremblay; Caroline S. Awmack; Richard L. Lindroth (Global Change Biology, 2005)
Environmental change is anticipated to negatively affect both plant and animal populations. As abiotic factors rapidly change habitat suitability, projections range from altered genetic diversity to wide‐spread species loss. Here, we assess the degree to which changes in atmospheric composition associated with environmental change will influence not only the abundance, but also the genotypic/phenotypic diversity, of herbivore populations. Using free‐air CO 2 and O 3 enrichment (FACE) technology, we assess numerical responses of pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) exhibiting a pink–green genetic polymorphism and an environmentally determined wing polyphenism on broad bean plants ( Vicia faba ) under enriched CO 2 and/or O 3 atmospheres, over multiple generations. We show that these two greenhouse gases alter not only aphid population sizes, but also genotypic and phenotypic frequencies. As the green genotype was positively influenced by elevated CO 2 levels, but the pink genotype was not, genotypic frequencies (pink morph : green morph) ranged from 1 : 1 to 9 : 1. These two genotypes also displayed marked differences in phenotypic frequencies. The pink genotype exhibited higher levels of wing induction under all atmospheric treatments, however, this polyphenism was negatively influenced by elevated O 3 levels. Resultantly, frequencies of winged phenotypes (pink morph : green morph) varied from 10 : 1 to 332 : 1. Thus, atmospheric conditions associated with environmental change may alter not just overall population sizes, but also genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of herbivore populations, thereby influencing community and ecosystem functioning.

Dual mechanism of queen influence over sex ratio in the ant Pheidole pallidula - Ludivine de Menten; Denis Fournier; Colin Brent; Luc Passera; Edward L. Vargo; Serge Aron (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2005)

Repeated administration of methylphenidate in young, adolescent, and mature rats affects the response to cocaine later in adulthood - Annelyn Torres-Reverón; Diana L. Dow-Edwards (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Development of baroreflex and endocrine responses to hypotensive stress in newborn foals and lambs - S. J. O’Connor; D. S. Gardner; J. C. Ousey; N. Holdstock; P. Rossdale; C. M. B. Edwards; A. L. Fowden; D. A. Giussani (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2005)

Alteration of the embryo transcriptome of hexaploid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Mercia) during maturation and germination - Ian D. Wilson; Gary L. A. Barker; Chungui Lu; Jane A. Coghill; Richard W. Beswick; John R. Lenton; Keith J. Edwards (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2005)

Development of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes to the Senecio floral transcriptome during hybrid speciation - MATTHEW J. HEGARTY; JOANNA M. JONES; IAN D. WILSON; GARY L. BARKER; JANE A. COGHILL; PATRICIA SANCHEZ‐BARACALDO; GUOQING LIU; RICHARD J. A. BUGGS; RICHARD J. ABBOTT; KEITH J. EDWARDS; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
Interspecific hybridization is an important process through which abrupt speciation can occur. In recent years, genetic changes associated with hybrid speciation have been identified through a variety of techniques, including AFLP/SSR mapping, GISH/FISH and cDNA‐AFLP differential display. However, progress in using microarray technology to analyse whole genome/transcriptome changes associated with hybrid speciation has been limited due to the lack of extensive sequence data for many hybrid species and the difficulties in extrapolating results from commercially available microarrays for model species onto nonmodel hybrid taxa. Increasingly therefore researchers studying nonmodel systems are turning to the development of ‘anonymous’ cDNA microarrays, where the time and cost of producing microarrays is reduced by printing unsequenced cDNA clones, and sequencing only those clones that display interesting expression patterns. Here we describe the creation, testing and preliminary use of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes in floral transcriptome associated with allopolyploid speciation in the genus Senecio. We report a comparison of gene expression between the allohexaploid hybrid, Senecio cambrensis , its parental taxa Senecio squalidus (diploid) and Senecio vulgaris (tetraploid), and the intermediate triploid (sterile) hybrid Senecio × baxteri . Anonymous microarray analysis revealed dramatic differences in floral gene expression between these four taxa and demonstrates the power of this technique for studies of the genetic impact of hybridization in nonmodel flowering plants.

A general biophysical model of larval cod ( Gadus morhua ) growth applied to populations on Georges Bank - R. G. LOUGH; L. J. BUCKLEY; F. E. WERNER; J. A. QUINLAN; K. PEHRSON EDWARDS (Fisheries Oceanography, 2005)
Field‐derived growth rates (RNA‐DNA based) of cod ( Gadus morhua ) larvae collected on the southern flank of Georges Bank were higher on average in May 1993 than May 1994, despite the apparent higher abundance of potential prey in 1994. A biophysical modeling study is presented here in which factors are examined that may have led to the difference in population mean growth. A one‐dimensional physical model, forced by winds and tides, was used to simulate the vertical structure (of currents, temperature field, and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate) following a column of water in a Lagrangian sense at a site on the southern flank of Georges Bank over 5‐day periods in late May of 1993 and 1994. The biophysical model and observed zooplankton abundance allowed us to explore the vertical structure and temporal (hourly) evolution of feeding and growth for cod larvae in relation to environmental conditions. Our trophodynamic model is improved over previous versions and now includes the effect of light on larval feeding response, as well as the effect of temperature on larval metabolic costs, ingestion, and digestion. Larval prey profiles, comprising four copepod species, were used from a time series of 1/4‐m 2 MOCNESS tows to define the prey field. Data from a collateral time‐series of larval gut contents (1‐m 2 MOCNESS tows) was used to define maximum ingestion (satiation level) and prey selection. Model outputs provide depth‐dependent estimates of growth, prey biomass ingested, larval length, and larval weight. Water‐column growth‐rate profiles were made for four size classes of larvae (5, 6, 7 and 9 mm) under the environmental conditions observed in May 1993 and 1994. A weighted‐mean growth rate based on the mean vertical distribution of larvae was estimated for each size class. In all cases, when using all available potential prey, the model‐derived 1994 growth rates were higher (by 3–6% day −1 ) than those for 1993. However, simulations in which 7‐mm larvae followed the field‐derived weighted mean depth over the sampling period, and were limited to their preferred Pseudocalanus prey, resulted in average growth of 12.2% day −1 for 1993 and 9.7% day −1 for 1994. These compared closely to the field growth means of 11.3% day −1 in 1993 and 9.8% day −1 in 1994. Thus, the lower observed growth in May 1994 may have resulted from depth‐dependent food limitation and prey‐selectivity coupled with the greater metabolic costs induced by the higher temperature that year.

Remote wetland assessment for Missouri Coteau prairie glacial basins - Rebecca L. Phillips; Ofer Beeri; Edward Shawn DeKeyser (Wetlands, 2005)

Sleep quality deteriorates over a binge–abstinence cycle in chronic smoked cocaine users - Edward F. Pace-Schott; Robert Stickgold; Amir Muzur; Pia E. Wigren; Amie S. Ward; Carl L. Hart; Denise Clarke; Alexandra Morgan; J. Allan Hobson (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Structure–activity relationships of dinucleotides: Potent and selective agonists of P2Y receptors - Sammy R. Shaver; Janet L. Rideout; William Pendergast; James G. Douglass; Edward G. Brown; José L. Boyer; Roshni I. Patel; Catherine C. Redick; Arthur C. Jones; Maryse Picher; Benjamin R. Yerxa (Purinergic Signalling, 2005)

Predominance and association of pathogenic fungi causing Fusarium ear blightin wheat in four European countries - X. -M. Xu; D. W. Parry; P. Nicholson; M. A. Thomsett; D. Simpson; S. G. Edwards; B. M. Cooke; F. M. Doohan; J. M. Brennan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2005)

Properties of saccades generated as a choice response - Kyoung-Min Lee; Edward L. Keller; Stephen J. Heinen (Experimental Brain Research, 2005)

Genetic analysis of the breeding system of an invasive subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis , in urban and natural habitats - STÉPHANIE DRONNET; MICHEL CHAPUISAT; EDWARD L. VARGO; ANNE‐GENEVIÈVE BAGNÈRES (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
Reticulitermes santonensis is a subterranean termite that invades urban areas in France and elsewhere where it causes damage to human‐built structures. We investigated the breeding system, colony and population genetic structure, and mode of dispersal of two French populations of R. santonensis . Termite workers were sampled from 43 and 31 collection points, respectively, from a natural population in west–central France (in and around the island of Oléron) and an urban population (Paris). Ten to 20 workers per collection point were genotyped at nine variable microsatellite loci to determine colony identity and to infer colony breeding structure. There was a total of 26 colonies, some of which were spatially expansive, extending up to 320 linear metres. Altogether, the analysis of genotype distribution, F‐ statistics and relatedness coefficients suggested that all colonies were extended families headed by numerous neotenics (nonwinged precocious reproductives) probably descended from pairs of primary (winged) reproductives. Isolation by distance among collection points within two large colonies from both populations suggested spatially separated reproductive centres with restricted movement of workers and neotenics. There was a moderate level of genetic differentiation ( F ST = 0.10) between the Oléron and Paris populations, and the number of alleles was significantly higher in Oléron than in Paris, as expected if the Paris population went through bottlenecks when it was introduced from western France. We hypothesize that the diverse and flexible breeding systems found in subterranean termites pre‐adapt them to invade new or marginal habitats. Considering that R. santonensis may be an introduced population of the North American species R. flavipes , a breeding system consisting primarily of extended family colonies containing many neotenic reproductives may facilitate human‐mediated spread and establishment of R. santonensis in urban areas with harsh climates.

Climate variability and campylobacter infection: an international study - R. Sari Kovats; Sally J. Edwards; Dominique Charron; John Cowden; Rennie M. D’Souza; Kristie L. Ebi; Charmaine Gauci; Peter Gerner-Smidt; Shakoor Hajat; Simon Hales; Gloria Hernández Pezzi; Bohumir Kriz; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2005)

A national framework for cancer surveillance in the United States - Phyllis A. Wingo; Holly L. Howe; Michael J. Thun; Rachel Ballard-Barbash; Elizabeth Ward; Martin L. Brown; JoAnne Sylvester; Gilbert H. Friedell; Linda Alley; Julia H. Rowland; Brenda K. Edwards (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Effects of heterogeneous habitat use by cattle on nutrient availability and litter decomposition in soils of an Alpine pasture - Sabine Güsewell; Peter L. Jewell; Peter J. Edwards (Plant and Soil, 2005)

NMI-1182, a gastro-protective cyclo-oxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donor - James L. Ellis; Michael E. Augustyniak; Edward D. Cochran; Richard A. Earl; David S. Garvey; Laura J. Gordon; David R. Janero; Subhash P. Khanapure; L. Gordon Letts; Terry L. Melim; Madhavi G. Murty; David J. Schwalb; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2005)

A model of the saccade-generating system that accounts for trajectory variations produced by competing visual stimuli - Kuniharu Arai; Edward L. Keller (Biological Cybernetics, 2005)

Dietary intake of Cruciferous vegetables, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Caucasian population - Lisa I. Wang; Edward L. Giovannucci; David Hunter; Donna Neuberg; Li Su; David C. Christiani (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Relationship between the incidences of ear and spikelet infection of Fusarium ear blight in wheat - X.-m. Xu; D.W. Parry; S.G. Edwards; B.M. Cooke; F.M. Doohan; A. Maanen; J.M. Brennan; S. Monaghan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; L. Hornok; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2004)

Cataract Extraction and Risk of Breast Cancer - Shumin M. Zhang; Walter C. Willett; Frank B. Hu; Edward L. Giovannucci; JoAnn E. Manson; Graham A. Colditz; Susan E. Hankinson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Quaternary ecological and geomorphic changes associated with rainfall events in presently semi‐arid northeastern Brazil - Augusto S. Auler; Xianfeng Wang; R. Lawrence Edwards; Hai Cheng; Patrícia S. Cristalli; Peter L. Smart; David A. Richards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2004)
Several geomorphic features and palaeobiotic remains in now semi‐arid northeastern Brazil indicate major palaeoenvironmental changes during past periods of increased rainfall. 230 Th mass spectrometric ages of speleothems and travertines have allowed the determination of the timing and duration of wetter than present conditions. The data demonstrate that wet events have occurred throughout much of the Pleistocene, present dry conditions having been established at the end of the Younger Dryas. A markedly different fauna comprising megafaunal elements not adapted to the present low arboreal scrubland caatinga vegetation existed in the area. Palaeobotanical remains embedded in travertine indicate forested vegetation at these wetter intervals, suggesting that the caatinga was then replaced or mixed with a semi‐deciduous forest. Due to the abundance of travertine sites containing fossil botanical remains in northeastern Brazil, it is believed that forest expansion occurred over large areas of the now semi‐arid zone, showing that the long hypothesised forested links between biodiversity‐rich Amazon and Atlantic rainforests may indeed have existed during these moister phases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Divergent pheromone‐mediated insect behaviour under global atmospheric change - Edward B. Mondor; Michelle N. Tremblay; Caroline S. Awmack; Richard L. Lindroth (Global Change Biology, 2004)
While the effects of global atmospheric changes on vegetation and resulting insect populations(‘bottom‐up interactions’) are being increasingly studied, how these gases modify interactions among insects and their natural enemies (‘top‐down interactions’) is less clear. As natural enemy efficacy is governed largely by behavioural mechanisms, altered prey finding and prey defence may change insect population dynamics. Here we show that pheromone‐mediated escape behaviours, and hence the vulnerability of insects to natural enemies, are divergent under atmospheric conditions associated with global climate change. Chaitophorus stevensis , a common aphid on trembling aspen trees, Populus tremuloides , have diminished escape responses in enriched carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) environments, while those in enriched ozone (O 3 ) have augmented escape responses, to alarm pheromone. These results suggest that divergent pheromone‐mediated behaviours could alter predator–prey interactions in future environments.

Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity under future atmospheric conditions - Edward B. Mondor; Michelle N. Tremblay; Richard L. Lindroth (Ecology Letters, 2004)
Organisms often exhibit transgenerational phenotypic changes in response to an increased risk of parasitism or predation. Shifts in global atmospheric composition could modify these phenotypic effects through changes in either nutrient quantity/quality or altered interactions with higher trophic levels. Here we show that future atmospheric conditions alter a natural enemy‐induced wing polyphenism in aphids. Winged offspring production by Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum aphids on goldenrod ( Solidago canadensis var. scabra ) does not differ in enriched CO 2 and/or O 3 atmospheres. However, proportionally more winged offspring are produced in response to search cues from both coccinellid predators ( Coccinella septempunctata ) and hymenopteran parasitoids ( Aphidius polygonaphis ) relative to plants not searched by natural enemies. Moreover, the magnitude of this response differs under enriched CO 2 and O 3 environments. Aphids produce more winged offspring in response to predators under elevated CO 2 , but produce more winged offspring in response to parasitoids under elevated O 3 . Thus, global atmospheric changes influence natural enemy‐mediated phenotypic expression, with potentially far‐reaching consequences for trophic dynamics.

Mapping Ds insertions in barley using a sequence-based approach - L. D. Cooper; L. Marquez-Cedillo; J. Singh; A. K. Sturbaum; S. Zhang; V. Edwards; K. Johnson; A. Kleinhofs; S. Rangel; V. Carollo; P. Bregitzer; P. G. Lemaux; et al. (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2004)

Forest Health, Collective Behaviors, and Management - Nitaya Kijtewachakul; Ganesh P. Shivakoti; Edward L. Webb (Environmental Management, 2004)

Cold hardiness of wheat near-isogenic lines differing in vernalization alleles - John E. Koemel; Arron C. Guenzi; Jeffrey A. Anderson; Edward L. Smith (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004)

A gene-driven ENU-based approach to generating an allelic series in any gene - Mohamed Mohideen Quwailid; Alison Hugill; Neil Dear; Lucie Vizor; Sara Wells; Emma Horner; Shelly Fuller; Jessica Weedon; Hamish McMath; Paul Woodman; David Edwards; David Campbell; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

Specific Status of Propithecus spp. - Mireya I. Mayor; Julie A. Sommer; Marlys L. Houck; John R. Zaonarivelo; Patricia C. Wright; Colleen Ingram; Stacia R. Engel; Edward E. Louis (International Journal of Primatology, 2004)

Melt inclusion formation mechanisms and compositional effects in high-An feldspar and high-Fo olivine in anhydrous mafic silicate liquids - Edward Kohut; Roger L. Nielsen (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2004)

Pit membrane remnants in perforation plates and other vessel details of Cornales - Edward L. Schneider; Sherwin Carlquist (Brittonia, 2004)

The gene encoding the ribulose monophosphate pathway enzyme, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, from Aminomonas aminovorus C2A1 is adjacent to coding sequences that exhibit similarity to histidine biosynthesis enzymes. - Edward J. Taylor; Nicola L. Smith; John Colby; Simon J. Charnock; Gary W. Black (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2004)

The diminutive supercolony: the Argentine ants of the southeastern United States - GRZEGORZ BUCZKOWSKI; EDWARD L. VARGO; JULES SILVERMAN (Molecular Ecology, 2004)
Native to Argentina and Brazil, the Argentine ant ( Linepithema humile ) is an invasive species that has become established on six continents and many oceanic islands. In several parts of its introduced range, including the western United States, southern Europe and Chile, the Argentine ant is unicolonial, forming extensive supercolonies. We examined population genetic structure and intercolony aggression in two regions of the introduced range of this species in the United States: California and the southeastern United States. Our results show that the southeastern L. humile population has high genotypic variability and strong intercolony aggression relative to the California population. In the California population, intercolony aggression was absent and 23 alleles were found across seven polymorphic microsatellite loci. However, in the Southeast, aggression between colonies was high and 47 alleles were present across the same seven loci in an equal number of colonies. We suggest that distinctly different colonization patterns for California and the Southeast may be responsible for the striking disparity in the genetic diversity of introduced populations. Southeastern colonies may have descended from multiple, independent introductions from the native range, undergoing a bottleneck at each introduction. In contrast, the California supercolony may have originated from one or more colonies inhabiting the southeastern United States, thus experiencing a double bottleneck. The differences in present‐day distribution patterns between California and the Southeast may be due to the combined effect of two factors: lower winter temperatures in the Southeast and/or competition with another successful and widely distributed ant invader, the fire ant Solenopsis invicta .

West Nile virus: pending crisis for greater sage‐grouse - David E. Naugle; Cameron L. Aldridge; Brett L. Walker; Todd E. Cornish; Brendan J. Moynahan; Matt J. Holloran; Kimberly Brown; Gregory D. Johnson; Edward T. Schmidtmann; Richard T. Mayer; Cecilia Y. Kato; Marc R. Matchett; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2004)
Scientists have feared that emerging infectious diseases could complicate efforts to conserve rare and endangered species, but quantifying impacts has proven difficult until now. We report unexpected impacts of West Nile virus (WNv) on radio‐marked greater sage‐grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ), a species that has declined 45–80% and is endangered in Canada and under current consideration for federal listing in the US. We show that WNv reduced late‐summer survival an average of 25% in four radio‐marked populations in the western US and Canada. Serum from 112 sage‐grouse collected after the outbreak show that none had antibodies, suggesting that they lack resistance. The spread of WNv represents a significant new stressor on sage‐grouse and probably other at‐risk species. While managing habitat might lessen its impact on sage‐grouse populations, WNv has left wildlife and public health officials scrambling to address surface water and vector control issues in western North America.

P-glycoprotein Expression, Localization, and Function in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat and Human Hepatocytes: Relevance to the Hepatobiliary Disposition of a Model Opioid Peptide - Keith A. Hoffmaster; Ryan Z. Turncliff; Edward L. LeCluyse; Richard B. Kim; Peter J. Meier; Kim L. R. Brouwer (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

SURVIVAL ESTIMATES FOR FLORIDA MANATEES FROM THE PHOTO‐IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS - Catherine A. Langtimm; Cathy A. Beck; Holly H. Edwards; Kristin J. Fick‐Child; Bruce B. Ackerman; Sheri L. Barton; Wayne C. Hartley (Marine Mammal Science, 2004)
A bstract We estimated adult survival probabilities for the endangered Florida manatee ( Trichechus manatus latirostris ) in four regional populations using photoidentification data and open‐population capture‐recapture statistical models. The mean annual adult survival probability over the most recent 10‐yr period of available estimates was as follows: Northwest ‐ 0.956 (SE 0.007), Upper St. Johns River ‐ 0.960 (0.011), Atlantic Coast ‐ 0.937 (0.008), and Southwest ‐ 0.908 (0.019). Estimates of temporal variance independent of sampling error, calculated from the survival estimates, indicated constant survival in the Upper St. Johns River, true temporal variability in the Northwest and Atlantic Coast, and large sampling variability obscuring estimates for the Southwest. Calf and subadult survival probabilities were estimated for the Upper St. Johns River from the only available data for known‐aged individuals: 0.810 (95% CI 0.727–0.873) for 1st year calves, 0.915 (0.827–0.960) for 2nd year calves, and 0.969 (0.946–0.982) for manatee 3 yr or older. These estimates of survival probabilities and temporal variance, in conjunction with estimates of reproduction probabilities from photoidentification data can be used to model manatee population dynamics, estimate population growth rates, and provide an integrated measure of regional status.

Hybridization Between Canada Lynx and Bobcats: Genetic Results and Management Implications - Michael K. Schwartz; Kristine L. Pilgrim; Kevin S. McKelvey; Edward L. Lindquist; James J. Claar; Steve Loch; Leonard F. Ruggiero (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

QTL controlling partial resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in winter wheat cultivar Alba - Edward Arseniuk; Pawel C. Czembor; Andrzej Czaplicki; Qijian Song; Perry B. Cregan; David L. Hoffman; Peter P. Ueng (Euphytica, 2004)

Characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the Mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei ) - Ingo Hein; Edward I. Campbell; Mary Woodhead; Peter E. Hedley; Vanessa Young; Wayne L. Morris; Luke Ramsay; Joerg Stockhaus; Paul R. J. Birch; Gary D. Lyon; Adrian C. Newton (Planta, 2004)

Electrical stimulation driving functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with stroke - Teresa J. Kimberley; Scott M. Lewis; Edward J. Auerbach; Lisa L. Dorsey; Jeanne M. Lojovich; James R. Carey (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

Colony genetic organization and colony fusion in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes as revealed by foraging patterns over time and space - Christopher J. Deheer; Edward L. Vargo (Molecular Ecology, 2004)
Temporal and spatial analyses are seldom utilized in the study of colony genetic structure, but they are potentially powerful methods which can yield novel insights into the mechanisms underlying variation in breeding systems. Here we present the results of a study which incorporated both of these dimensions in an examination of genetic structure of subterranean termites in the genus Reticulitermes ( primarily R. flavipes ). Most colonies of this species (70%) were simple families apparently headed by outbred primary reproductives, while most of the remaining (27% of the total) colonies contained low effective numbers of moderately inbred reproductives. Mapping the spatial distribution of colony foraging sites over time revealed that despite the high colony density, the absolute foraging boundaries of most R. flavipes colonies were persistent and exclusive of other conspecific colonies, which suggests that this species is more territorial than has been implied by laboratory studies of intraspecific aggression. Nevertheless, we found a single colony (3% of all colonies) which contained the offspring of more than two unrelated reproductives. Although other studies have also described subterranean termite colonies with a similarly complex genetic composition, we demonstrate here that such colonies can form under natural conditions via the fusion of whole colonies. This study underscores how repeated sampling from individual colonies over time and space can yield information about colony spatial and genetic structure that cannot be obtained from conventional analyses or sampling methods.

Forest Cover Change, Physiography, Local Economy, and Institutions in a Mountain Watershed in Nepal - Ambika P. Gautam; Ganesh P. Shivakoti; Edward L. Webb (Environmental Management, 2004)

A kinetic model of metamorphism: an application to siliceous dolomites - Edward W. Bolton; Danny M. Rye; Andreas Lttge (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2004)

Clinical and serological associations of autoantibodies to GW bodies and a novel cytoplasmic autoantigen GW182 - Theophany Eystathioy; Edward K. L. Chan; Ken Takeuchi; Michael Mahler; LeeAnne M. Luft; Douglas W. Zochodne; Marvin J. Fritzler (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2003)

Preparing for Climatic Change: The Water, Salmon, and Forests of the Pacific Northwest - Philip W. Mote; Edward A. Parson; Alan F. Hamlet; William S. Keeton; Dennis Lettenmaier; Nathan Mantua; Edward L. Miles; David W. Peterson; David L. Peterson; Richard Slaughter; Amy K. Snover (Climatic Change, 2003)

The effect of osmotic potential on anther culture in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) - Tae-Jin Kang; Moon-Sik Yang; Edward L. Deckard (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2003)

Effects of Land Cover on Stream Ecosystems: Roles of Empirical Models and Scaling Issues - David L. Strayer; R. Edward Beighley; Lisa C. Thompson; Shane Brooks; Christer Nilsson; Gilles Pinay; Robert J. Naiman (Ecosystems, 2003)

Immunization with a vaccine that combines the expression of MUC1 and B7 co-stimulatory molecules prolongs the survival of mice and delays the appearance of mouse mammary tumors - Vitaly Vasilevko; Anahit Ghochikyan; Nadya Sadzikava; Irina Petrushina; Mike Tran; Edward P. Cohen; Patrick J. Kesslak; David H. Cribbs; Garth L. Nicolson; Michael G. Agadjanyan (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2003)

Colony and population genetic structure of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus , in Japan - Edward L. Vargo; Claudia Husseneder; J. Kenneth Grace (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
Subterranean termites have unusual plasticity in their breeding systems. As a result of their cryptic foraging and nesting habits, detailed information on the numbers and types of reproductive individuals in colonies has been difficult to obtain. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to infer the major features of the breeding system of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus , in southern Japan, where it is believed to have been introduced from China. A total of 30 colonies was sampled from two islands (Kyushu and Fukue) located 100 km apart. Twenty workers from each colony were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. Analysis of worker genotypes within colonies indicated that 27 colonies (90%) were simple (Mendelian) families. The remaining three colonies, all from Kyushu, were consistent with being extended families having begun as simple families but being currently headed by multiple neotenic (secondary) reproductives descended from the original king and queen. Workers from simple families in both populations were significantly inbred ( F IT = 0.10 for Kyushu and 0.46 for Fukue) and highly related to their nestmates (coefficient of relatedness, r = 0.59 for Kyushu and 0.77 for Fukue), suggesting that many simple‐family colonies were headed by closely related reproductives, especially in the Fukue population. This conclusion is supported by the high coefficient of relatedness between nestmate reproductives in simple‐family colonies ( r = 0.23 for Kyushu and 0.61 for Fukue) based on genotypes inferred from their worker offspring. There was moderate genetic differentiation ( F ST = 0.12) between the two populations, suggesting rather restricted gene flow between them. There was no significant isolation by distance among colonies, as might be expected given the limited dispersal of reproductives, presumably because of the frequent movement of colonies by humans. Finally, there was no evidence of a recent bottleneck, a finding possibly consistent with the more than 300‐year history of this species in Japan.

A vision for cancer incidence surveillance in the United States - Holly L. Howe; Brenda K. Edwards; John L. Young; Tiefu Shen; Dee W. West; Mary Hutton; Catherine N. Correa (Cancer Causes & Control, 2003)

Upscaling of Channel Systems in Two Dimensions Using Flow-Based Grids - X. H. Wen; L. J. Durlofsky; M. G. Edwards (Transport in Porous Media, 2003)

Molecular evolution of VH9 germline genes isolated from DBA, BALB, 129 and C57BL mouse strains and sublines - Paula Zylstra; Andrew Franklin; Karl A. Hassan; Kim L. Powell; Edward J. Steele; Robert V. Blanden (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Receptor-specific targeting with complementary peptide nucleic acids conjugated to peptide analogs and radionuclides - Eric Wickstrom; Mathew L. Thakur; Edward R. Sauter (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2003)

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on toad early life stages - Edward E. Little; Robin D. Calfee; David L. Fabacher; Cynthia Carey; Vicki S. Blazer; Elizabeth M. Middleton (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2003)

Chaetae and mechanical function: tools no Metazoan class should be without - Sarah A. Woodin; Rachel A. Merz; Florence M. Thomas; Deirdre R. Edwards; Irene L. Garcia (Hydrobiologia, 2003)

Class I molecules with similar peptide-binding specificities are the result of both common ancestry and convergent evolution - Alessandro Sette; John Sidney; Brian D. Livingston; John L. Dzuris; Claire Crimi; Christopher M. Walker; Scott Southwood; Edward J. Collins; Austin L. Hughes (Immunogenetics, 2003)

Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes - Richard B. Kreider; Charles Melton; Christopher J. Rasmussen; Michael Greenwood; Stacy Lancaster; Edward C. Cantler; Pervis Milnor; Anthony L. Almada (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Incidence of Stress in Benthic Communities along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coasts within Different Ranges of Sediment Contamination from Chemical Mixtures - Jeffrey L. Hyland; W. Leonard Balthis; Virginia D. Engle; Edward R. Long; John F. Paul; J. Kevin Summers; Robert F. Van Dolah (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Social grouping and maternal behaviour in feral horses (Equus caballus): the influence of males on maternal protectiveness - Elissa Z. Cameron; Wayne L. Linklater; Kevin J. Stafford; Edward O. Minot (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003)

N ylon B arium S ulphate G illnet R educes P orpoise and S eabird M ortality - Edward A. Trippel; Norman L. Holy; Debra L. Palka; Travis D. Shepherd; Gary D. Melvin; John M. Terhune (Marine Mammal Science, 2003)

Molecular and Physiological Differentiation Between Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba - Naveed A. Khan; Edward L. Jarroll; Timothy A. Paget (Current Microbiology, 2002)

Integrating Social Preference in GIS-Aided Planning for Forestry and Conservation Activities: A Case Study from Rural SE Asia - EDWARD L. WEBB; Not Available Not Available (Environmental Management, 2002)

Region Specific Modeling of Cardiac Muscle: Comparison of Simulated and Experimental Potentials - Adam L. Muzikant; Edward W. Hsu; Patrick D. Wolf; Craig S. Henriquez (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Toward positional cloning of Vgt1, a QTL controlling the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in maize - Silvio Salvi; Roberto Tuberosa; Elena Chiapparino; Marco Maccaferri; Stanislas Veillet; Leon van Beuningen; Peter Isaac; Keith Edwards; Ronald L. Phillips (Plant Molecular Biology, 2002)

Decoding of a motor command vector from distributed activity in superior colliculus - Jeremy B. Badler; Edward L. Keller (Biological Cybernetics, 2002)

Estimating recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: comparison of methods - Alan L. Flint; Lorraine E. Flint; Edward M. Kwicklis; June T. Fabryka-Martin; Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson (Hydrogeology Journal, 2002)

MUSCLE-DERIVED CD45−SCA-1+C-KIT− PROGENITOR CELLS GIVE RISE TO SKELETAL MUSCLE MYOTUBES IN VITRO - CASSANDRE L. ROYER; JONATHAN C. HOWELL; PAUL R. MORRISON; EDWARD F. SROUR; MERVIN C. YODER (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2002)

Interfibrillar cardiac mitochondrial comples III defects in the aging rat heart - Charles L. Hoppel; Shadi Moghaddas; Edward J. Lesnefsky (Biogerontology, 2002)

Stoichiometric food quality and herbivore dynamics - Erik B. Muller; Roger M. Nisbet; Sebastiaan A. L. M. Kooijman; James J. Elser; Edward McCauley (Ecology Letters, 2001)
Herbivores may grow with nutrient or energy limitation, depending on food abundance and the chemical composition of their food. We present a model that describes herbivore growth as a continuous function of two limiting factors. This function uses the synthesizing unit concept, has the hyperbolic Monod model as a limiting case, and has the same number of parameters as the Monod model coupled to Liebig’s discontinuous minimum rule. We use the model to explore nutrient‐limited herbivore growth in a closed system with algae, Daphnia and phosphorus as the limiting nutrient. Phosphorus in algae may substantially influence Daphnia growth. This influence changes over time and is most pronounced when algae and Daphnia populations fluctuate strongly. Relative to classic models that only consider food quantity as a determinant of Daphnia growth, our model shows richer dynamical behaviour. In addition to the standard positive equilibrium, which may be stable or unstable depending on nutrient availability, a new positive equilibrium may arise in our model when mortality rates are relatively high. This equilibrium is unstable and reduces the likelihood of long‐term persistence of Daphnia in the system.