Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting - Shuji Ogino; Peter T. Campbell; Reiko Nishihara; Amanda I. Phipps; Andrew H. Beck; Mark E. Sherman; Andrew T. Chan; Melissa A. Troester; Adam J. Bass; Kathryn C. Fitzgerald; Rafael A. Irizarry; Karl T. Kelsey; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

The Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Valence State on Reactive Oxygen Species and Toxicity - Katherine M. Dunnick; Rajalekshmi Pillai; Kelly L. Pisane; Aleksandr B. Stefaniak; Edward M. Sabolsky; Stephen S. Leonard (Biological Trace Element Research, 2015)

Immunoglobulin VH gene diversity and somatic hypermutation during SIV infection of rhesus macaques - Kejun Guo; Kalani Halemano; Kimberly Schmitt; Miki Katuwal; Yaqiong Wang; Michael S. Harper; Karl J. Heilman; Takeo Kuwata; Edward B. Stephens; Mario L. Santiago (Immunogenetics, 2015)

A pan‐Arctic synthesis of CH 4 and CO 2 production from anoxic soil incubations - Claire C. Treat; Susan M. Natali; Jessica Ernakovich; Colleen M. Iversen; Massimo Lupascu; Anthony David McGuire; Richard J. Norby; Taniya Roy Chowdhury; Andreas Richter; Hana Šantrůčková; Christina Schädel; Edward A. G. Schuur; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Permafrost thaw can alter the soil environment through changes in soil moisture, frequently resulting in soil saturation, a shift to anaerobic decomposition, and changes in the plant community. These changes, along with thawing of previously frozen organic material, can alter the form and magnitude of greenhouse gas production from permafrost ecosystems. We synthesized existing methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) production measurements from anaerobic incubations of boreal and tundra soils from the geographic permafrost region to evaluate large‐scale controls of anaerobic CO 2 and CH 4 production and compare the relative importance of landscape‐level factors (e.g., vegetation type and landscape position), soil properties (e.g., pH, depth, and soil type), and soil environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and relative water table position). We found fivefold higher maximum CH 4 production per gram soil carbon from organic soils than mineral soils. Maximum CH 4 production from soils in the active layer (ground that thaws and refreezes annually) was nearly four times that of permafrost per gram soil carbon, and CH 4 production per gram soil carbon was two times greater from sites without permafrost than sites with permafrost. Maximum CH 4 and median anaerobic CO 2 production decreased with depth, while CO 2 :CH 4 production increased with depth. Maximum CH 4 production was highest in soils with herbaceous vegetation and soils that were either consistently or periodically inundated. This synthesis identifies the need to consider biome, landscape position, and vascular/moss vegetation types when modeling CH 4 production in permafrost ecosystems and suggests the need for longer‐term anaerobic incubations to fully capture CH 4 dynamics. Our results demonstrate that as climate warms in arctic and boreal regions, rates of anaerobic CO 2 and CH 4 production will increase, not only as a result of increased temperature, but also from shifts in vegetation and increased ground saturation that will accompany permafrost thaw.

Following Natures Lead: On the Construction of Membrane-Inserted Toxins in Lipid Bilayer Nanodiscs - Narahari Akkaladevi; Srayanta Mukherjee; Hiroo Katayama; Blythe Janowiak; Deepa Patel; Edward P. Gogol; Bradley L. Pentelute; R. John Collier; Mark T. Fisher (The Journal of Membrane Biology, 2015)

Coinfection with multiple strains of bovine papular stomatitis virus - Tao Huang; Edan R. Tulman; Diego G. Diel; Sushil Khatiwada; Will Sims; John F. Edwards; Xintian Wen; Gerald F. Kutish; Daniel L. Rock; Gustavo Delhon (Archives of Virology, 2015)

New QTL alleles for quality-related traits in spring wheat revealed by RIL population derived from supernumerary × non-supernumerary spikelet genotypes - Morgan Echeverry-Solarte; Ajay Kumar; Shahryar Kianian; Senay Simsek; Mohammed S. Alamri; Eder E. Mantovani; Phillip E. McClean; Edward L. Deckard; Elias Elias; Blaine Schatz; Steven S. Xu; Mohamed Mergoum (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)

Engineered VEGF-releasing PEG–MAL hydrogel for pancreatic islet vascularization - Edward A. Phelps; Kellie L. Templeman; Peter M. Thulé; Andrés J. García (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2015)

Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the endemic Socorro Warbler (Setophaga pitiayumi graysoni) - Edward L. Evans III; Juan E. Martínez-Gómez; Ravinder N. M. Sehgal (Journal of Ornithology, 2015)

Microbial taxonomy in the post-genomic era: Rebuilding from scratch? - Cristiane C. Thompson; Gilda R. Amaral; Mariana Campeão; Robert A. Edwards; Martin F. Polz; Bas E. Dutilh; David W. Ussery; Tomoo Sawabe; Jean Swings; Fabiano L. Thompson (Archives of Microbiology, 2015)

Bacteria or melanosomes? A geochemical analysis of micro-bodies on a tadpole from the Oligocene Enspel Formation of Germany - Holly E. Barden; Uwe Bergmann; Nicholas P. Edwards; Victoria M. Egerton; Phillip L. Manning; Sarah Perry; Arjen van Veelen; Roy A. Wogelius; Bart E. van Dongen (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2015)

Gene loss in the fungal canola pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans - Agnieszka A. Golicz; Paula A. Martinez; Manuel Zander; Dhwani A. Patel; Angela P. Van De Wouw; Paul Visendi; Timothy L. Fitzgerald; David Edwards; Jacqueline Batley (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2015)

Worldwide phylogeography of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data - K. M. Bayha; M. H. Chang; C. L. Mariani; J. L. Richardson; D. L. Edwards; T. S. DeBoer; C. Moseley; E. Aksoy; M. B. Decker; P. M. Gaffney; G. R. Harbison; J. H. McDonald; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Design Control for Clinical Translation of 3D Printed Modular Scaffolds - Scott J. Hollister; Colleen L. Flanagan; David A. Zopf; Robert J. Morrison; Hassan Nasser; Janki J. Patel; Edward Ebramzadeh; Sophia N. Sangiorgio; Matthew B. Wheeler; Glenn E. Green (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015)

Host association drives genetic divergence in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius - Warren Booth; Ondřej Balvín; Edward L. Vargo; Jitka Vilímová; Coby Schal (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Genetic differentiation may exist among sympatric populations of a species due to long‐term associations with alternative hosts (i.e. host‐associated differentiation). While host‐associated differentiation has been documented in several phytophagus insects, there are far fewer cases known in animal parasites. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius , a wingless insect, represents a potential model organism for elucidating the processes involved in host‐associated differentiation in animal parasites with relatively limited mobility. In conjunction with the expansion of modern humans from Africa into Eurasia, it has been speculated that bed bugs extended their host range from bats to humans in their shared cave domiciles throughout Eurasia. C. lectularius that associate with humans have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas those associated with bats occur across Europe, often in human‐built structures. We assessed genetic structure and gene flow within and among populations collected in association with each host using mt DNA , microsatellite loci and knock‐down resistance gene variants. Both nuclear and mitochondrial data support a lack of significant contemporary gene flow between host‐specific populations. Within locations human‐associated bed bug populations exhibit limited genetic diversity and elevated levels of inbreeding, likely due to human‐mediated movement, infrequent additional introduction events per infestation, and pest control. In contrast, populations within bat roosts exhibit higher genetic diversity and lower levels of relatedness, suggesting populations are stable with temporal fluctuations due to host dispersal and bug mortality. In concert with previously published evidence of morphological and behavioural differentiation, the genetic data presented here suggest C. lectularius is currently undergoing lineage divergence through host association.

Functionality and prevalence of trehalose‐based oligosaccharides as novel compatible solutes in ascospores of N eosartorya fischeri ( A spergillus fischeri ) and other fungi - Timon T. Wyatt; M. Richard van Leeuwen; Elena A. Golovina; Folkert A. Hoekstra; Eric J. Kuenstner; Edward A. Palumbo; Nicole L. Snyder; Cobus Visagie; Alex Verkennis; John E. Hallsworth; Han A.B. Wösten; Jan Dijksterhuis (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Ascospores of N eosartorya , B yssochlamys and T alaromyces can be regarded as the most stress‐resistant eukaryotic cells. They can survive exposure at temperatures as high as 85° C for 100 min or more. N eosartorya fischeri ascospores are more viscous and more resistant to the combined stress of heat and desiccation than the ascospores of T alaromyces macrosporus which contain predominantly trehalose. These ascospores contain trehalose‐based oligosaccharides ( TOS ) that are novel compatible solutes, which are accumulated to high levels. These compounds are also found in other members of the genus N eosartorya and in some other genera within the order Eurotiales that also include B yssochlamys and T alaromyces . The presence of oligosaccharides was observed in species that had a relatively high growth temperature. TOS glasses have a higher glass transition temperature ( T g ) than trehalose, and they form a stable glass with crystallizing molecules, such as mannitol. Our data indicate that TOS are important for prolonged stabilization of cells against stress. The possible unique role of these solutes in protection against dry heat conditions is discussed.

Evidence‐based conservation: reply to Tepedino et al. - Gretchen Lebuhn; Sam Droege; Edward F. Connor; Barbara Gemmill‐Herren; Simon G. Potts; Robert L. Minckley; Robert P. Jean; Emanuel Kula; David W. Roubik; Karen W. Wright; Gordon Frankie; Frank Parker (Conservation Biology, 2015)

The opioid receptor pharmacology of GSK1521498 compared to other ligands with differential effects on compulsive reward-related behaviours - Eamonn Kelly; Stuart J. Mundell; Anna Sava; Adelheid L. Roth; Antonio Felici; Kay Maltby; Pradeep J. Nathan; Edward T. Bullmore; Graeme Henderson (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Beak and feather disease viruses circulating in Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa - Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki (Archives of Virology, 2015)

Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa - Guy L. Regnard; Rutledge S. Boyes; Rowan O. Martin; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Edward P. Rybicki (Archives of Virology, 2015)

Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change - Kenneth R.N. Anthony; Paul A. Marshall; Ameer Abdulla; Roger Beeden; Chris Bergh; Ryan Black; C. Mark Eakin; Edward T. Game; Margaret Gooch; Nicholas A.J. Graham; Alison Green; Scott F. Heron; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional and local‐scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative stressors affect coral reef vulnerability is critical for successful reef conservation now and in the future. In this review, we present the case that strategically managing for increased ecological resilience (capacity for stress resistance and recovery) can reduce coral reef vulnerability (risk of net decline) up to a point. Specifically, we propose an operational framework for identifying effective management levers to enhance resilience and support management decisions that reduce reef vulnerability. Building on a system understanding of biological and ecological processes that drive resilience of coral reefs in different environmental and socio‐economic settings, we present an Adaptive Resilience‐Based management ( ARBM ) framework and suggest a set of guidelines for how and where resilience can be enhanced via management interventions. We argue that press‐type stressors (pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, ocean warming and acidification) are key threats to coral reef resilience by affecting processes underpinning resistance and recovery, while pulse‐type (acute) stressors (e.g. storms, bleaching events, crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks) increase the demand for resilience. We apply the framework to a set of example problems for Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific reefs. A combined strategy of active risk reduction and resilience support is needed, informed by key management objectives, knowledge of reef ecosystem processes and consideration of environmental and social drivers. As climate change and ocean acidification erode the resilience and increase the vulnerability of coral reefs globally, successful adaptive management of coral reefs will become increasingly difficult. Given limited resources, on‐the‐ground solutions are likely to focus increasingly on actions that support resilience at finer spatial scales, and that are tightly linked to ecosystem goods and services.

The Virtual Toxicology Service: Wearable Head-Mounted Devices for Medical Toxicology - Peter R. Chai; Roger Y. Wu; Megan L. Ranney; Paul S. Porter; Kavita M. Babu; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014)

Admixture mapping identifies a locus at 15q21.2–22.3 associated with keloid formation in African Americans - Digna R. Velez Edwards; Krystal S. Tsosie; Scott M. Williams; Todd L. Edwards; Shirley B. Russell (Human Genetics, 2014)

Recovery of precision grasping after motor cortex lesion does not require forced use of the impaired hand in macaca mulatta - Warren G. Darling; Robert J. Morecraft; Diane L. Rotella; Marc A. Pizzimenti; Jizhi Ge; Kimberly S. Stilwell-Morecraft; Hongyu Zhang; Hesham Soliman; Dave Seecharan; Ian Edwards; David McNeal; Randolph J. Nudo; et al. (Experimental Brain Research, 2014)

Cryptic structure and niche divergence within threatened Galápagos giant tortoises from southern Isabela Island - D. L. Edwards; R. C. Garrick; W. Tapia; A. Caccone (Conservation Genetics, 2014)

Experimental study of cohesive sediment consolidation and resuspension identifies approaches for coastal restoration: Lake Lery, Louisiana - Edward L. Lo; Samuel J. Bentley; Kehui Xu (Geo-Marine Letters, 2014)

Lineage fusion in G alápagos giant tortoises - Ryan C. Garrick; Edgar Benavides; Michael A. Russello; Chaz Hyseni; Danielle L. Edwards; James P. Gibbs; Washington Tapia; Claudio Ciofi; Adalgisa Caccone (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
Although many classic radiations on islands are thought to be the result of repeated lineage splitting, the role of past fusion is rarely known because during these events, purebreds are rapidly replaced by a swarm of admixed individuals. Here, we capture lineage fusion in action in a Galápagos giant tortoise species, Chelonoidis becki , from Wolf Volcano (Isabela Island). The long generation time of Galápagos tortoises and dense sampling (841 individuals) of genetic and demographic data were integral in detecting and characterizing this phenomenon. In C. becki, we identified two genetically distinct, morphologically cryptic lineages. Historical reconstructions show that they colonized Wolf Volcano from Santiago Island in two temporally separated events, the first estimated to have occurred ~199 000 years ago. Following arrival of the second wave of colonists, both lineages coexisted for approximately ~53 000 years. Within that time, they began fusing back together, as microsatellite data reveal widespread introgressive hybridization. Interestingly, greater mate selectivity seems to be exhibited by purebred females of one of the lineages. Forward‐in‐time simulations predict rapid extinction of the early arriving lineage. This study provides a rare example of reticulate evolution in action and underscores the power of population genetics for understanding the past, present and future consequences of evolutionary phenomena associated with lineage fusion.

The complete genome sequence for putative H 2 ‐ and S ‐oxidizer C andidatus Sulfuricurvum sp., assembled de novo from an aquifer‐derived metagenome - Kim M. Handley; Daniela Bartels; Edward J. O'Loughlin; Kenneth H. Williams; William L. Trimble; Kelly Skinner; Jack A. Gilbert; Narayan Desai; Elizabeth M. Glass; Tobias Paczian; Andreas Wilke; Dionysios Antonopoulos; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary We reconstructed the complete 2.4 Mb‐long genome of a previously uncultivated epsilonproteobacterium, C andidatus Sulfuricurvum sp. RIFRC ‐1, via assembly of short‐read shotgun metagenomic data using a complexity reduction approach. Genome‐based comparisons indicate the bacterium is a novel species within the S ulfuricurvum genus, which contains one cultivated representative, S . kujiense . Divergence between the species appears due in part to extensive genomic rearrangements, gene loss and chromosomal versus plasmid encoding of certain (respiratory) genes by RIFRC ‐1. Deoxyribonucleic acid for the genome was obtained from terrestrial aquifer sediment, in which RIFRC ‐1 comprised ∼ 47% of the bacterial community. Genomic evidence suggests RIFRC ‐1 is a chemolithoautotrophic diazotroph capable of deriving energy for growth by microaerobic or nitrate‐/nitric oxide‐dependent oxidation of S 0 , sulfide or sulfite or H 2 oxidation. Carbon may be fixed via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Consistent with these physiological attributes, the local aquifer was microoxic with small concentrations of available nitrate, small but elevated concentrations of reduced sulfur and NH 4 + / NH 3 ‐limited. Additionally, various mechanisms for heavy metal and metalloid tolerance and virulence point to a lifestyle well‐adapted for metal(loid)‐rich environments and a shared evolutionary past with pathogenic E psilonproteobacteria . Results expand upon recent findings highlighting the potential importance of sulfur and hydrogen metabolism in the terrestrial subsurface.

Apparent environmental synergism drives the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments - William F. Laurance; Ana S. Andrade; Ainhoa Magrach; José L. C. Camargo; Mason Campbell; Philip M. Fearnside; Will Edwards; Jefferson J. Valsko; Thomas E. Lovejoy; Susan G. Laurance (Ecology, 2014)
Many contemporary ecosystems are likely to be affected by multiple environmental drivers, complicating efforts to predict future changes in those ecosystems. We studied long‐term changes (1980–2012) in forest dynamics and liana (woody vine) abundance and biomass in fragmented and intact forests of the central Amazon. We did so by contrasting trends in 33 permanent 1‐ha plots near forest edges (plot center 2 or regional climate drivers that influence forest dynamics. Hence, the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments cannot be understood simply as a consequence of forest fragmentation. Rather, the changes we observed appear to arise from an interaction of fragmentation with one or more global‐ or regional‐scale drivers affecting forest dynamics. Both sets of phenomena are evidently increasing forest dynamics and liana abundances in fragmented forests, changes that could reduce carbon storage and alter many aspects of forest ecology.

Temporal evolution of human autoantibody response to cytoplasmic rods and rings structure during anti-HCV therapy with ribavirin and interferon-α - Gerson Dierley Keppeke; Minoru Satoh; Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz; Edward K. L. Chan; Luís Eduardo C. Andrade (Immunologic Research, 2014)

The Pink Eye Syndrome Does Not Impair Tuber Fresh Cut Wound-Related Responses - Edward C. Lulai; Jonathan D. Neubauer; Linda L. Huckle; Jeffrey C. Suttle (American Journal of Potato Research, 2014)

Archaeological Evidence of Validity of Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations - KEN LONGENECKER; YVONNE L. CHAN; ROBERT J. TOONEN; DAVID B. CARLON; TERRY L. HUNT; ALAN M. FRIEDLANDER; EDWARD E. DEMARTINI (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Reef‐fish management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish populations prior to large‐scale contemporary human impacts. As a result, relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for populations near sites affected by humans. This space‐for‐time approach can only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space‐for‐time substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400–1700) through historic (AD 1700–1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts in modern times. Evidencia Arqueológica de la Validez de Poblaciones de Peces en Arrecifes Sin Explotar como Objetivos de Apoderamiento para Poblaciones Actuales

Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine, as indicators of wastewater pollution in marine sediments from Masan Bay, Korea - Minkyu Choi; Edward T. Furlong; Stephen L. Werner; Anthony S. Pait; In-Seok Lee; Hee-Gu Choi (Ocean Science Journal, 2014)

How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change: plain facts, pie charts or metaphors? - Sander L. van der Linden; Anthony A. Leiserowitz; Geoffrey D. Feinberg; Edward W. Maibach (Climatic Change, 2014)

Towards a phylogenetic classification of reef corals: the I ndo‐ P acific genera M erulina , G oniastrea and S capophyllia ( S cleractinia, M erulinidae) - Danwei Huang; Francesca Benzoni; Roberto Arrigoni; Andrew H. Baird; Michael L. Berumen; Jessica Bouwmeester; Loke Ming Chou; Hironobu Fukami; Wilfredo Y. Licuanan; Edward R. Lovell; Rudolf Meier; Peter A. Todd; et al. (Zoologica Scripta, 2014)
Recent advances in scleractinian systematics and taxonomy have been achieved through the integration of molecular and morphological data, as well as rigorous analysis using phylogenetic methods. In this study, we continue in our pursuit of a phylogenetic classification by examining the evolutionary relationships between the closely related reef coral genera M erulina , G oniastrea , P araclavarina and S capophyllia (Merulinidae). In particular, we address the extreme polyphyly of F avites and G oniastrea that was discovered a decade ago. We sampled 145 specimens belonging to 16 species from a wide geographic range in the I ndo‐ P acific, focusing especially on type localities, including the Red Sea, western Indian Ocean and central Pacific. Tree reconstructions based on both nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal a novel lineage composed of three species previously placed in F avites and G oniastrea . Morphological analyses indicate that this clade, P aragoniastrea H uang, B enzoni & B udd, gen. n., has a unique combination of corallite and subcorallite features observable with scanning electron microscopy and thin sections. Molecular and morphological evidence furthermore indicates that the monotypic genus Paraclavarina is nested within Merulina , and the former is therefore synonymised.

Early Diagnosis of Orthopedic Implant Failure Using Macromolecular Imaging Agents - Ke Ren; Anand Dusad; Yijia Zhang; P. Edward Purdue; Edward V. Fehringer; Kevin L. Garvin; Steven R. Goldring; Dong Wang (Pharmaceutical Research, 2014)

Markedly divergent estimates of A mazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites - Edward T. A. Mitchard; Ted R. Feldpausch; Roel J. W. Brienen; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Abel Monteagudo; Timothy R. Baker; Simon L. Lewis; Jon Lloyd; Carlos A. Quesada; Manuel Gloor; Hans ter Steege; Patrick Meir; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land‐use planning. Remote sensing ( RS ) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset. Location Tropical forests of the A mazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1 Methods Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground‐plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area‐based comparisons. Results The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north‐east, to the light‐wooded, shorter forests of the south‐west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over‐ or under‐estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be Main conclusions Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon‐mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above‐ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.

Considerations for bio-specimen collection among black women residing in the rural Deep South participating in a cancer prevention study - Tiffany L. Carson; Claudia M. Hardy; Eva Greene; Pamela L. Carter; Glenda James; Edward E. Partridge; Monica L. Baskin (Journal of Community Genetics, 2014)

Phosphorylation of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein in vivo - Bong-Suk Kim; Edward L. Halk; Donald J. Merlo; Steven E. Nelson; L. Sue Loesch-Fries (Archives of Virology, 2014)

Variability in mangrove change estimates and implications for the assessment of ecosystem service provision - Daniel A. Friess; Edward L. Webb (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim To quantify the variability in estimates of change in mangrove area for key countries throughout the tropics, and to highlight potential implications for the assessment of global mangrove ecology, function and conservation. Location Pan‐tropical, covering 15 countries, and accounting for c. 67% of global mangrove area. Methods We review 314 national mangrove area estimates (authoritative statements with defined time periods) from various sources. Linear regression models of mangrove area over time were applied to various data point combinations, defined by data source. These included various FAO resources, as well as academic and government statistics and remote sensing studies. Results National trends of change in mangrove area exhibited high variability depending on which data points were modelled. Many countries showed high variability in deforestation rate when the results of all models were combined, e.g. I ndonesia had an average deforestation rate of 331.65 (± 222.26) km 2 yr −1 , N igeria lost 92.09 (± 188.95) km 2 yr −1 and C uba lost 34.82 (± 142.17) km 2 yr −1 . The standard deviations were large due to high variability in national estimates, and hence the number of contradictory trends that could be extracted. Conflicting trends of long‐term mangrove loss and gain could be derived for eight of the 15 countries analysed, including I ndonesia, B razil and the P hilippines. Main conclusions The great variability in trends of mangrove extent suggests that estimates of ecosystem functional loss, biodiversity threat assessments and science‐based conservation policies will be hampered by low confidence in mangrove area dynamics. Variable and inaccurate baseline data feed into various estimates of biodiversity and ecosystem functional loss, such as IUCN Red List assessments and estimates of global carbon emissions from mangrove deforestation. We also require robust information to inform conservation actions and policies hoping to reduce functional loss. Variability has important implications for all ecosystems where statistics are required over large scales.

The land-ice contribution to 21st-century dynamic sea level rise - T. Howard; J. Ridley; A. K. Pardaens; R. T. W. L. Hurkmans; A. J. Payne; R. H. Giesen; J. A. Lowe; J. L. Bamber; T. L. Edwards; J. Oerlemans (Ocean Science, 2014)
Climate change has the potential to influence global mean sea level through a number of processes including (but not limited to) thermal expansion of the oceans and enhanced land ice melt. In addition to their contribution to global mean sea level change, these two processes (among others) lead to local departures from the global mean sea level change, through a number of mechanisms including the effect on spatial variations in the change of water density and transport, usually termed dynamic sea level changes. In this study, we focus on the component of dynamic sea level change that might be given by additional freshwater inflow to the ocean under scenarios of 21st-century land-based ice melt. We present regional patterns of dynamic sea level change given by a global-coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model forced by spatially and temporally varying projected ice-melt fluxes from three sources: the Antarctic ice sheet, the Greenland Ice Sheet and small glaciers and ice caps. The largest ice melt flux we consider is equivalent to almost 0.7 m of global mean sea level rise over the 21st century. The temporal evolution of the dynamic sea level changes, in the presence of considerable variations in the ice melt flux, is also analysed. We find that the dynamic sea level change associated with the ice melt is small, with the largest changes occurring in the North Atlantic amounting to 3 cm above the global mean rise. Furthermore, the dynamic sea level change associated with the ice melt is similar regardless of whether the simulated ice fluxes are applied to a simulation with fixed CO2 or under a business-as-usual greenhouse gas warming scenario of increasing CO2.

Long‐term changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests - William F. Laurance; Ana S. Andrade; Ainhoa Magrach; José L. C. Camargo; Jefferson J. Valsko; Mason Campbell; Philip M. Fearnside; Will Edwards; Thomas E. Lovejoy; Susan G. Laurance (Ecology, 2014)
Lianas (climbing woody vines) are important structural parasites of tropical trees and may be increasing in abundance in response to global‐change drivers. We assessed long‐term (∼14‐year) changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics within 36 1‐ha permanent plots spanning ∼600 km 2 of undisturbed rainforest in central Amazonia. Within each plot, we counted each liana stem (≥2 cm diameter) and measured its diameter at 1.3 m height, and then used these data to estimate liana aboveground biomass. An initial liana survey was completed in 1997–1999 and then repeated in 2012, using identical methods. Liana abundance in the plots increased by an average of 1.00% ± 0.88% per year, leading to a highly significant ( t = 6.58, df = 35, P t = 1.46, df = 35, P = 0.15; paired t tests). Liana size distributions shifted significantly (χ 2 = 191, df = 8, P We used long‐term data on rainfall and forest dynamics from our study site to test hypotheses about potential drivers of change in liana communities. Lianas generally increase with rainfall seasonality, but we found no significant trends over time (1997–2012) in five rainfall parameters (total annual rainfall, dry‐season rainfall, wet‐season rainfall, number of very dry months, CV of monthly rainfall). However, rates of tree mortality and recruitment have increased significantly over time in our plots, and general linear mixed‐effect models suggested that lianas were more abundant at sites with higher tree mortality and flatter topography. Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 , which may stimulate liana growth, might also have promoted liana increases. Our findings clearly support the view that lianas are increasing in abundance in old‐growth tropical forests, possibly in response to accelerating forest dynamics and rising CO 2 concentrations. The aboveground biomass of trees was lowest in plots with abundant lianas, suggesting that lianas could reduce forest carbon storage and potentially alter forest dynamics if they continue to proliferate.

Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA - Madalene A. Earp; Linda E. Kelemen; Anthony M. Magliocco; Kenneth D. Swenerton; Georgia Chenevix-Trench; Yi Lu; Alexander Hein; Arif B. Ekici; Matthias W. Beckmann; Peter A. Fasching; Diether Lambrechts; Evelyn Despierre; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Association of C-peptide and leptin with prostate cancer incidence in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study - Gabriel Y. Lai; Edward L. Giovannucci; Michael N. Pollak; Sarah B. Peskoe; Meir J. Stampfer; Walter C. Willett; Elizabeth A. Platz (Cancer Causes & Control, 2014)

Tidal migration and retention of estuarine zooplankton investigated using a particle‐tracking model - Wim J. Kimmerer; Edward S. Gross; Michael L. MacWilliams (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
We used hydrodynamic and particle‐tracking models to investigate vertical movement of plankton and resulting retention in the San Francisco Estuary. The hydrodynamic model was UnTRIM, a three‐dimensional, unstructured grid model, which had been calibrated to historical conditions in this estuary for 1994–1997, a period of widely varying hydrology. Intensive field studies of hydrodynamics and vertical movements of organisms during 1994–1996 provided input data for the models. The particle‐tracking model was run with 14 alternative behaviors for three 45 d periods of contrasting hydrology. The behaviors included passive behavior, several simple tidal migration patterns, and several sinking speeds. Vertical positions of migrating and sinking particles resembled those seen in the field studies for copepods and epibenthos, respectively. Passive particles were advected from the estuary at rates that depended on freshwater flow. All of the non‐passive behaviors caused retention of the particles in the low‐salinity region of the estuary under some flow conditions. Tidal migration was very effective at maintaining position, but model results and a re‐examination of the field data suggested that migration speed should increase with increasing freshwater flow. Continuous sinking was also effective at retention, particularly in deep areas of low tidal velocity. We conclude that the vertical distributions observed in the field studies were a result of active patterns of movement, that these patterns can result in retention, and that retention in a bathymetrically complex estuary can be understood only in the context of the full time‐varying three‐dimensional flow field.

Oceanic currents, not land masses, maintain the genetic structure of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) in Southeast Asia - Alison K. S. Wee; Koji Takayama; Takeshi Asakawa; Bijoy Thompson; Onrizal; Sarawood Sungkaew; Nguyen Xuan Tung; M. Nazre; Khin Khin Soe; Hugh T. W. Tan; Yasuyuki Watano; Shigeyuki Baba; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)
Aim Mangroves are intertidal plants with sea‐dispersed propagules, hence their population structure can offer valuable insights into the biogeographical processes driving population subdivision in coastal species. In this study, we used molecular markers and ocean circulation simulations to examine the effects of ocean currents and land masses on the genetic structure of the major mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata . Location Southeast Asia. Methods We assessed the genetic structure of 13 R. mucronata populations from continental Southeast Asia and Sumatra using 10 microsatellite loci. We first examined the relative effects of geographical distance and land mass (the Malay Peninsula) in shaping the genetic structure of R. mucronata in Southeast Asia. We then characterized the genetic structure of R. mucronata and compared it to the simulated ocean circulation patterns within our study region. Results Despite the low genetic diversity, significant genetic structuring was detected across R. mucronata populations. Contrary to observations on other mangrove species, genetic differentiation in R. mucronata was not found across the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, nor was it correlated with geographical distance. Instead, the most distinct genetic discontinuity was found at the boundary between the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait, and this can be explained by the prevailing ocean currents in this region. Main conclusions Our study presents novel evidence that the genetic structure of R. mucronata is maintained by ocean current‐facilitated propagule dispersal.

Cost-effective IMTA: a comparison of the production efficiencies of mussels and seaweed - Susan L. Holdt; Maeve D. Edwards (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2014)

Cold habituation does not improve manual dexterity during rest and exercise in 5 °C - Matthew D. Muller; Yongsuk Seo; Chul-Ho Kim; Edward J. Ryan; Brandon S. Pollock; Keith J. Burns; Ellen L. Glickman (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

Patterns of genetic diversity in the rare Erigeron lemmoni and comparison with its more widespread congener, Erigeron arisolius (Asteraceae) - Christine E. Edwards; Denise L. Lindsay; Pamela Bailey; Richard F. Lance (Conservation Genetics, 2014)

Total calcium intake and colorectal adenoma in young women - Jennifer Massa; Eunyoung Cho; Endel J. Orav; Walter C. Willett; Kana Wu; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2014)

A multi‐genome analysis approach enables tracking of the invasion of a single R ussian wheat aphid ( D iuraphis noxia ) clone throughout the N ew W orld - B. Zhang; O. Edwards; L. Kang; S. Fuller (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
This study investigated the population genetics, demographic history and pathway of invasion of the Russian wheat aphid ( RWA ) from its native range in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe to South Africa and the Americas. We screened microsatellite markers, mitochondrial DNA and endosymbiont genes in 504 RWA clones from nineteen populations worldwide. Following pathway analyses of microsatellite and endosymbiont data, we postulate that Turkey and Syria were the most likely sources of invasion to Kenya and South Africa, respectively. Furthermore, we found that one clone transferred between South Africa and the Americas was most likely responsible for the New World invasion. Finally, endosymbiont DNA was found to be a high‐resolution population genetic marker, extremely useful for studies of invasion over a relatively short evolutionary history time frame. This study has provided valuable insights into the factors that may have facilitated the recent global invasion by this damaging pest.

Water, sediment, and nutrient runoff from urban lawns established on disturbed subsoil or topsoil and managed with inorganic or organic fertilizers - Zhiqiang Cheng; Edward L. McCoy; Parwinder S. Grewal (Urban Ecosystems, 2014)

Plant litter effects on soil nutrient availability and vegetation dynamics: changes that occur when annual grasses invade shrub-steppe communities - Sheel Bansal; Roger L. Sheley; Bob Blank; Edward A. Vasquez (Plant Ecology, 2014)

Atmospheric and oceanic climate forcing of the exceptional Greenland ice sheet surface melt in summer 2012 - Edward Hanna; Xavier Fettweis; Sebastian H. Mernild; John Cappelen; Mads H. Ribergaard; Christopher A. Shuman; Konrad Steffen; Len Wood; Thomas L. Mote (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)
The NASA announcement of record surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet in July 2012 led us to examine the atmospheric and oceanic climatic anomalies that are likely to have contributed to these exceptional conditions and also to ask the question of how unusual these anomalies were compared to available records. Our analysis allows us to assess the relative contributions of these two key influences to both the extreme melt event and ongoing climate change. In 2012, as in recent warm summers since 2007, a blocking high pressure feature, associated with negative NAO conditions, was present in the mid‐troposphere over Greenland for much of the summer. This circulation pattern advected relatively warm southerly winds over the western flank of the ice sheet, forming a ‘heat dome’ over Greenland that led to the widespread surface melting. Both sea‐surface temperature and sea‐ice cover anomalies seem to have played a minimal role in this record melt, relative to atmospheric circulation. Two representative coastal climatological station averages and several individual stations in south, west and north‐west Greenland set new surface air temperature records for May, June, July and the whole ( JJA ) summer. The unusually warm summer 2012 conditions extended to the top of the ice sheet at Summit, where our reanalysed (1994–2012) DMI Summit weather station summer ( JJA ) temperature series set new record high mean and extreme temperatures in 2012; 3‐hourly instantaneous 2‐m temperatures reached an exceptional value of 2.2°C at Summit on 11 July 2012. These conditions translated into the record observed ice‐sheet wide melt during summer 2012. However, 2012 seems not to be climatically representative of future ‘average’ summers projected this century.

The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems - Ellen K Pikitch; Konstantine J Rountos; Timothy E Essington; Christine Santora; Daniel Pauly; Reg Watson; Ussif R Sumaila; P Dee Boersma; Ian L Boyd; David O Conover; Philippe Cury; Selina S Heppell; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published E copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.

Opsin Genes and Visual Ecology in a Nocturnal Folivorous Lemur - Carrie C. Veilleux; Rachel L. Jacobs; Molly E. Cummings; Edward E. Louis; Deborah A. Bolnick (International Journal of Primatology, 2014)

The challenges of conducting environmental research on privately owned land - Christina L. M. Hargiss; Edward S. DeKeyser (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

Potential role of winter rainfall in explaining increased moisture in the Mediterranean and Middle East during periods of maximum orbitally-forced insolation seasonality - J. E. Kutzbach; G. Chen; H. Cheng; R. L. Edwards; Z. Liu (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Primary 4T1 tumor resection provides critical “window of opportunity” for immunotherapy - Anahit Ghochikyan; Arpine Davtyan; Armine Hovakimyan; Hayk Davtyan; Anna Poghosyan; Alexander Bagaev; Ravshan I. Ataullakhanov; Edward L. Nelson; Michael G. Agadjanyan (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2014)

Replacement of rooted macrophytes by filamentous macroalgae: effects on small fishes and macroinvertebrates - Edward V. Camp; Christina L. Staudhammer; William E. Pine; Jakob C. Tetzlaff; Thomas K. Frazer (Hydrobiologia, 2014)

Syncoilin is an intermediate filament protein in activated hepatic stellate cells - E. Rossen; Z. Liu; D. Blijweert; N. Eysackers; I. Mannaerts; B. Schroyen; A. El Taghdouini; B. Edwards; K. E. Davies; E. Sokal; M. Najimi; H. Reynaert; et al. (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2014)

Land‐sharing versus land‐sparing logging: reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation - David P. Edwards; James J. Gilroy; Paul Woodcock; Felicity A. Edwards; Trond H. Larsen; David J. R. Andrews; Mia A. Derhé; Teegan D. S. Docherty; Wayne W. Hsu; Simon L. Mitchell; Takahiro Ota; Leah J. Williams; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Selective logging is a major driver of rainforest degradation across the tropics. Two competing logging strategies are proposed to meet timber demands with the least impact on biodiversity: land sharing, which combines timber extraction with biodiversity protection across the concession; and land sparing, in which higher intensity logging is combined with the protection of intact primary forest reserves. We evaluate these strategies by comparing the abundances and species richness of birds, dung beetles and ants in Borneo, using a protocol that allows us to control for both timber yield and net profit across strategies. Within each taxonomic group, more species had higher abundances with land‐sparing than land‐sharing logging, and this translated into significantly higher species richness within land‐sparing concessions. Our results are similar when focusing only on species found in primary forest and restricted in range to Sundaland, and they are independent of the scale of sampling. For each taxonomic group, land‐sparing logging was the most promising strategy for maximizing the biological value of logging operations.

Multi‐decadal range changes vs. thermal adaptation for north east Atlantic oceanic copepods in the face of climate change - Stephanie L. Hinder; Mike B. Gravenor; Martin Edwards; Clare Ostle; Owen G. Bodger; Patricia L. M. Lee; Antony W. Walne; Graeme C. Hays (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Populations may potentially respond to climate change in various ways including moving to new areas or alternatively staying where they are and adapting as conditions shift. Traditional laboratory and mesocosm experiments last days to weeks and thus only give a limited picture of thermal adaptation, whereas ocean warming occurring over decades allows the potential for selection of new strains better adapted to warmer conditions. Evidence for adaptation in natural systems is equivocal. We used a 50‐year time series comprising of 117 056 samples in the NE Atlantic, to quantify the abundance and distribution of two particularly important and abundant members of the ocean plankton (copepods of the genus Calanus ) that play a key trophic role for fisheries. Abundance of C. finmarchicus , a cold‐water species, and C. helgolandicus , a warm‐water species, were negatively and positively related to sea surface temperature ( SST ) respectively. However, the abundance vs. SST relationships for neither species changed over time in a manner consistent with thermal adaptation. Accompanying the lack of evidence for thermal adaptation there has been an unabated range contraction for C. finmarchicus and range expansion for C. helgolandicus . Our evidence suggests that thermal adaptation has not mitigated the impacts of ocean warming for dramatic range changes of these key species and points to continued dramatic climate induced changes in the biology of the oceans.

Modeled diversity effects on microbial ecosystem functions of primary production, nutrient uptake, and remineralization - Nicole L. Goebel; Christopher A. Edwards; Michael J. Follows; Jonathan P. Zehr (Ecology, 2014)
Ecosystem‐wide primary productivity generally increases with primary producer diversity, emphasizing the importance of diversity for ecosystem function. However, most studies that demonstrate this positive relationship have focused on terrestrial and aquatic benthic systems, with little attention to the diverse marine pelagic primary producers that play an important role in regulating global climate. Here we show how phytoplankton biodiversity enhances overall marine ecosystem primary productivity and other ecosystem functions using a self‐organizing ecosystem model. Diversity manipulation numerical experiments reveal positive, asymptotically saturating relationships between ecosystem‐wide phytoplankton diversity and functions of productivity, nutrient uptake, remineralization, and diversity metrics used to identify mechanisms shaping these relationships. Increase in productivity with increasing diversity improves modeled ecosystem stability and model robustness and leads to productivity rates that exceed expected yields primarily through niche complementarity and facilitative interactions between coexisting phytoplankton types; the composition of traits in assemblages determines the magnitude of complementarity and selection effects. While findings based on these aggregate measures of diversity effects parallel those from the majority of experimental outcomes of terrestrial and benthic biodiversity–ecosystem function studies, we combine analyses of community diversity effects and investigations of the underlying interactions among phytoplankton types to demonstrate how an increase in recycled production of non‐diatoms through an increase in new production of diatoms drives this diversity–ecosystem function response. We demonstrate the important role that facilitation plays in the modeled marine plankton and how this facilitative interaction could amplify future climate‐driven changes in ocean ecosystem productivity.

Classification of Forested Wetland Degradation Using Ordination of Multitemporal Reflectance - Richard F. Keim; Jason A. Zoller; DeWitt H. Braud; Brandon L. Edwards (Wetlands, 2013)

Variants in BET1L and TNRC6B associate with increasing fibroid volume and fibroid type among European Americans - Todd L. Edwards; Katherine E. Hartmann; Digna R. Velez Edwards (Human Genetics, 2013)

Developing logistic models to relate the accumulation of DON associated with Fusarium head blight to climatic conditions in Europe - Xiangming Xu; Laurence V. Madden; Simon G. Edwards; Fiona M. Doohan; Antonio Moretti; L. Hornok; P. Nicholson; A. Ritieni (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Xylocarpus granatum (Meliaceae) using next-generation sequencing technology - Yuki Tomizawa; Yoshimi Shinmura; Alison K. S. Wee; Koji Takayama; Takeshi Asakawa; Orlex Baylen Yllano; Severino Garengo Salmo; Erwin Riyanto Ardli; Nguyen Xuan Tung; Norhaslinda Binti Malekal; Onrizal; Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram; et al. (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Communal nesting, kinship, and maternal success in a social primate - Andrea L. Baden; Patricia C. Wright; Edward E. Louis; Brenda J. Bradley (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2013)

Network structure and prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Belding’s ground squirrels - Kimberly L. VanderWaal; Edward R. Atwill; Stacie Hooper; Kelly Buckle; Brenda McCowan (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2013)

Erratum to: The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project - Basil A. S. Davis; Marco Zanon; Pamella Collins; Achille Mauri; Johan Bakker; Doris Barboni; Alexandra Barthelmes; Celia Beaudouin; H. John B. Birks; Anne E. Bjune; Elissaveta Bozilova; Richard H. W. Bradshaw; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2013)

The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project - Basil A. S. Davis; Marco Zanon; Pamella Collins; Achille Mauri; Johan Bakker; Doris Barboni; Alexandra Barthelmes; Celia Beaudouin; Anne E. Bjune; Elissaveta Bozilova; Richard H. W. Bradshaw; Barbara A. Brayshay; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2013)

Parkinson disease loci in the mid-western Amish - M. F. Davis; A. C. Cummings; L. N. D’Aoust; L. Jiang; D. R. Velez Edwards; R. Laux; L. Reinhart-Mercer; D. Fuzzell; W. K. Scott; M. A. Pericak-Vance; S. L. Lee; J. L. Haines (Human Genetics, 2013)

Acetochlor Persistence in Surface and Subsurface Soil Samples - Rubem S. Oliveira; William C. Koskinen; Carrie D. Graff; James L. Anderson; David J. Mulla; Edward A. Nater; Diego G. Alonso (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013)

Erratum to: Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment - Edward P. Glenn; Pamela L. Nagler; Kiyomi Morino; Kevin R. Hultine (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment - Edward P. Glenn; Pamela L. Nagler; Kiyomi Morino; Kevin R. Hultine (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Nuclear double-fluorescent reporter for in vivo and ex vivo analyses of biological transitions in mouse nuclei - Justin R. Prigge; James A. Wiley; Emily A. Talago; Elise M. Young; Laura L. Johns; Jean A. Kundert; Katherine M. Sonsteng; William P. Halford; Mario R. Capecchi; Edward E. Schmidt (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Priority research questions for the UK food system - John S. I. Ingram; Hugh L. Wright; Lucy Foster; Timothy Aldred; David Barling; Tim G. Benton; Paul M. Berryman; Charles S. Bestwick; Alice Bows-Larkin; Tim F. Brocklehurst; Judith Buttriss; John Casey; et al. (Food Security, 2013)
The rise of food security up international political, societal and academic agendas has led to increasing interest in novel means of improving primary food production and reducing waste. There are however, also many ‘post-farm gate’ activities that are critical to food security, including processing, packaging, distributing, retailing, cooking and consuming. These activities all affect a range of important food security elements, notably availability, affordability and other aspects of access, nutrition and safety. Addressing the challenge of universal food security, in the context of a number of other policy goals (e.g. social, economic and environmental sustainability), is of keen interest to a range of UK stakeholders but requires an up-to-date evidence base and continuous innovation. An exercise was therefore conducted, under the auspices of the UK Global Food Security Programme, to identify priority research questions with a focus on the UK food system (though the outcomes may be broadly applicable to other developed nations). Emphasis was placed on incorporating a wide range of perspectives (‘world views’) from different stakeholder groups: policy, private sector, non-governmental organisations, advocacy groups and academia. A total of 456 individuals submitted 820 questions from which 100 were selected by a process of online voting and a three-stage workshop voting exercise. These 100 final questions were sorted into 10 themes and the ‘top’ question for each theme identified by a further voting exercise. This step also allowed four different stakeholder groups to select the top 7–8 questions from their perspectives. Results of these voting exercises are presented. It is clear from the wide range of questions prioritised in this exercise that the different stakeholder groups identified specific research needs on a range of post-farm gate activities and food security outcomes. Evidence needs related to food affordability, nutrition and food safety (all key elements of food security) featured highly in the exercise. While there were some questions relating to climate impacts on production, other important topics for food security (e.g. trade, transport, preference and cultural needs) were not viewed as strongly by the participants.

Trophic Flexibility and the Persistence of Understory Birds in Intensively Logged Rainforest - DAVID P. EDWARDS; PAUL WOODCOCK; ROB J. NEWTON; FELICITY A. EDWARDS; DAVID J. R. ANDREWS; TEEGAN D. S. DOCHERTY; SIMON L. MITCHELL; TAKAHIRO OTA; SUZAN BENEDICK; SIMON H. BOTTRELL; KEITH C. HAMER (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Effects of logging on species composition in tropical rainforests are well known but may fail to reveal key changes in species interactions. We used nitrogen stable‐isotope analysis of 73 species of understory birds to quantify trophic responses to repeated intensive logging of rainforest in northern Borneo and to test 4 hypotheses: logging has significant effects on trophic positions and trophic‐niche widths of species, and the persistence of species in degraded forest is related to their trophic positions and trophic‐niche widths in primary forest. Species fed from higher up the food chain and had narrower trophic‐niche widths in degraded forest. Species with narrow trophic‐niche widths in primary forest were less likely to persist after logging, a result that indicates a higher vulnerability of dietary specialists to local extinction following habitat disturbance. Persistence of species in degraded forest was not related to a species’ trophic position. These results indicate changes in trophic organization that were not apparent from changes in species composition and highlight the importance of focusing on trophic flexibility over the prevailing emphasis on membership of static feeding guilds. Our results thus support the notion that alterations to trophic organization and interactions within tropical forests may be a pervasive and functionally important hidden effect of forest degradation. Flexibilidad Trófica y la Persistencia de Aves de Sotobosque en un Bosque Lluvioso Talado Intensivamente

Estimating traveler populations at airport and cruise terminals for population distribution and dynamics - Warren C. Jochem; Kelly Sims; Edward A. Bright; Marie L. Urban; Amy N. Rose; Phillip R. Coleman; Budhendra L. Bhaduri (Natural Hazards, 2013)

Performance of a Multi-disciplinary Emergency Department Observation Protocol for Acetaminophen Overdose - Gillian A. Beauchamp; Kimberly W. Hart; Christopher J. Lindsell; Michael S. Lyons; Edward J. Otten; Carol L. Smith; Michael J. Ward; Stewart W. Wright (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2013)

The Race for Space: Tracking Land-Cover Transformation in a Socio-ecological Landscape, South Africa - Kaera L. Coetzer; Barend F. N. Erasmus; Edward T. F. Witkowski; Belinda Reyers (Environmental Management, 2013)

BET1L and TNRC6B associate with uterine fibroid risk among European Americans - Todd L. Edwards; Kara A. Michels; Katherine E. Hartmann; Digna R. Velez Edwards (Human Genetics, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Using the palaeontological record of Microtus to test species distribution models and reveal responses to climate change - Jenny L. McGuire; Edward Byrd Davis (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim We used newly identified fossil specimens to reconstruct the Quaternary distributions of five Microtus species (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) from the Pacific coast of the United States. We used these distributions to test the hypothesis that when projected onto past, alternative climate surfaces, species distribution models ( SDM s) created using only climate variables are concordant with the empirical data of fossil Microtus species occurrences. Location Specimens from 11 fossil localities in California, Oregon and Nevada were identified and evaluated. Methods Geometric morphometrics and discriminant analyses were used to identify fossil Microtus specimens. Using a maximum‐entropy modelling approach, the best model for all five species was selected using the Akaike information criterion. Nineteen bioclimate variables were used to create SDM s for the five Microtus species using both Community Climate System Model ( CCSM ) and Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate ( MIROC ) models. Results We confidently identified 144 Microtus fossils, including the first fossil specimens of Microtus oregoni and Microtus townsendii . SDM s reconstructed approximately half the extralimital fossil occurrences (i.e. those found outside the present‐day range). Those species with extralimital occurrences not reconstructed have niche models primarily influenced by precipitation variables. The two species whose extralimitals were well predicted occupy indistinguishable climatic niches. Main conclusions The ranges of Pacific coast Microtus species have undergone substantial regional contractions since the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ; 21 ka). Inconsistencies between LGM SDM s and Quaternary fossil ranges indicate potential problems with LGM precipitation reconstructions, although interspecific interactions are also likely to contribute to these differences. Overall, the study highlights the need for further, detailed, species‐level palaeodistributions to put recent observations in a broader temporal context and examine the effectiveness of SDM s coupled with climate models for predicting range dynamics under scenarios of climate change.

No evidence for cumulative effects in a Dnmt3b hypomorph across multiple generations - Neil A. Youngson; Trevor Epp; Amity R. Roberts; Lucia Daxinger; Alyson Ashe; Edward Huang; Krystal L. Lester; Sarah K. Harten; Graham F. Kay; Timothy Cox; Jacqueline M. Matthews; Suyinn Chong; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Patch size and isolation influence genetic patterns in black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) populations - Sheila M. Holmes; Andrea L. Baden; Rick A. Brenneman; Shannon E. Engberg; Edward E. Louis; Steig E. Johnson (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

Immunohistochemical localization of urea and ammonia transporters in two confamilial fish species, the ureotelic gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and the ammoniotelic plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) - Carol Bucking; Susan L. Edwards; Paul Tickle; Craig P. Smith; M. Danielle McDonald; Patrick J. Walsh (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Phylogenetic structure of vertebrate communities across the A ustralian arid zone - Hayley C. Lanier; Danielle L. Edwards; L. Lacey Knowles (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim To understand the relative importance of ecological and historical factors in structuring terrestrial vertebrate assemblages across the A ustralian arid zone, and to contrast patterns of community phylogenetic structure at a continental scale. Location Australia. Methods We present evidence from six lineages of terrestrial vertebrates (five lizard clades and one clade of marsupial mice) that have diversified in arid and semi‐arid A ustralia across 37 biogeographical regions. Measures of within‐lineage community phylogenetic structure and species turnover were computed to examine how patterns differ across the continent and between taxonomic groups. These results were examined in relation to climatic and historical factors, which are thought to play a role in community phylogenetic structure. Analyses using a novel sliding‐window approach confirm the generality of processes structuring the assemblages of the A ustralian arid zone at different spatial scales. Results Phylogenetic structure differed greatly across taxonomic groups. Although these lineages have radiated within the same biome – the A ustralian arid zone – they exhibit markedly different community structure at the regional and local levels. Neither current climatic factors nor historical habitat stability resulted in a uniform response across communities. Rather, historical and biogeographical aspects of community composition (i.e. local lineage persistence and diversification histories) appeared to be more important in explaining the variation in phylogenetic structure. While arid‐zone assemblages show an overall tendency towards phylogenetic clustering, this pattern was less pronounced at finer spatial scales. Main conclusions By focusing within different taxonomic groups and between those groups within regions, we show that although the vertebrate lineages we examined exhibited high diversity and low turnover across the arid zone, the underlying phylogenetic structure differs between regions and taxonomic groups, suggesting that taxon‐specific histories are more important than habitat stability in determining patterns of phylogenetic community relatedness.

Anthropometric factors in relation to risk of glioma - Rebecca B. Little; Melissa H. Madden; Reid C. Thompson; Jeffrey J. Olson; Renato V. LaRocca; Edward Pan; James E. Browning; Kathleen M. Egan; L. Burton Nabors (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Prospective cohort studies of bowel movement frequency and laxative use and colorectal cancer incidence in US women and men - Xuehong Zhang; Kana Wu; Eunyoung Cho; Jing Ma; Andrew T. Chan; Xiang Gao; Walter C. Willett; Charles S. Fuchs; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Cigarette smoking and risk of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 21 case–control studies - Mette T. Faber; Susanne K. Kjær; Christian Dehlendorff; Jenny Chang-Claude; Klaus K. Andersen; Estrid Høgdall; Penelope M. Webb; Susan J. Jordan; Mary Anne Rossing; Jennifer A. Doherty; Galina Lurie; Pamela J. Thompson; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Metal Accumulation and Health Effects in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Coal Fly Ash Exposure - Marcy J. Souza; Edward C. Ramsay; Robert L. Donnell (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013)

Dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and niche differentiation influence forest tree communities in West Polynesia - Janet Franklin; Gunnar Keppel; Edward L. Webb; Joshua O. Seamon; Sergio J. Rey; David W. Steadman; Susan K. Wiser; Donald R. Drake (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Regional patterns of forest composition in West Polynesia were analysed to determine the relative importance of dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and biotic interactions. Location West Polynesia (Fiji, Tonga, Samoa). Methods We applied clustering and indicator species analysis to presence/absence data for 397 tree taxa in 338 forest plots to detect groups of plots sharing similar species composition. Patterns of plot composition and co‐occurrence of congeneric species were compared between archipelagos for evidence of dispersal limitation, speciation, and environmental filtering versus competitive displacement or niche differentiation across the three archipelagos at the local (plot) and regional scales. Results Dispersal limitation was evident in the compositional segregation of inland rain forests across the three archipelagos, whereas compositional overlap was widespread for coastal forests, which are composed of species dispersed by water. Within genera, species numbers attenuated from Fiji to Tonga to Samoa, but speciation also contributed to compositional differences in all three island groups. Environmental filtering was suggested by the distinct composition of both secondary and mature inland rain forest versus coastal forest. At the local scale, however, clumping of congeners, which might suggest fine‐scale environmental filtering, was observed for only a minority of inland forest genera. Most genera showed either overdispersion, suggesting competitive displacement or niche differentiation, or patterns not significantly different from random. Main conclusions Well‐established biogeographical patterns of dispersal limitation and speciation contribute to West Polynesian tree diversity at the community scale. Environmental filtering and competitive displacement further structure forest communities; the evidence from this study suggests that environmental filtering is more important at a landscape scale, while competitive displacement may be more important at a local scale, although their relative importance varies considerably among taxa.

Soil warming increases plant species richness but decreases germination from the alpine soil seed bank - Gemma L. Hoyle; Susanna E. Venn; Kathryn J. Steadman; Roger B. Good; Edward J. McAuliffe; Emlyn R. Williams; Adrienne B. Nicotra (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Global warming is occurring more rapidly above the treeline than at lower elevations and alpine areas are predicted to experience above average warming in the future. Temperature is a primary factor in stimulating seed germination and regulating changes in seed dormancy status. Thus, plant regeneration from seed will be crucial to the persistence, migration and post disturbance recruitment of alpine plants in future climates. Here, we present the first assessment of the impact of soil warming on germination from the persistent alpine soil seed bank. Contrary to expectations, soil warming lead to reduced overall germination from the soil seed bank. However, germination response to soil temperature was species specific such that total species richness actually increased by nine with soil warming. We further explored the system by assessing the prevalence of seed dormancy and germination response to soil disturbance, the frequency of which is predicted to increase under climate change. Seeds of a significant proportion of species demonstrated physiological dormancy mechanisms and germination of several species appeared to be intrinsically linked to soil disturbance. In addition, we found no evidence of subalpine species and little evidence of exotic weed species in the soil, suggesting that the soil seed bank will not facilitate their invasion of the alpine zone. In conclusion, changes in recruitment via the alpine soil seed bank can be expected under climate change, as a result of altered dormancy alleviation and germination cues. Furthermore, the alpine soil seed bank, and the species richness therein, has the potential to help maintain local species diversity, support species range shift and moderate species dominance. Implications for alpine management and areas for further study are also discussed.

Resistance is futile: effects of landscape features on gene flow of the northern bobwhite - Leah K. Berkman; Clayton K. Nielsen; Charlotte L. Roy; Edward J. Heist (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

Fungal palaeodiversity revealed using high‐throughput metabarcoding of ancient DNA from arctic permafrost - Eva Bellemain; Marie L. Davey; Håvard Kauserud; Laura S. Epp; Sanne Boessenkool; Eric Coissac; Jozsef Geml; Mary Edwards; Eske Willerslev; Galina Gussarova; Pierre Taberlet; Christian Brochmann (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary The taxonomic and ecological diversity of ancient fungal communities was assessed by combining next generation sequencing and metabarcoding of DNA preserved in permafrost. Twenty‐six sediment samples dated 16 000–32 000 radiocarbon years old from two localities in S iberia were analysed for fungal ITS . We detected 75 fungal OTU s from 21 orders representing three phyla, although rarefaction analyses suggested that the full diversity was not recovered despite generating an average of 6677 ± 3811 (mean ± SD ) sequences per sample and that preservation bias likely has considerable effect on the recovered DNA . Most OTU s (75.4%) represented ascomycetes. Due to insufficient sequencing depth, DNA degradation and putative preservation biases in our samples, the recovered taxa probably do not represent the complete historic fungal community, and it is difficult to determine whether the fungal communities varied geographically or experienced a composition shift within the period of 16 000–32 000 bp . However, annotation of OTU s to functional ecological groups provided a wealth of information on the historic communities. About one‐third of the OTUs are presumed plant‐associates (pathogens, saprotrophs and endophytes) typical of graminoid‐ and forb‐rich habitats. We also detected putative insect pathogens, coprophiles and keratinophiles likely associated with ancient insect and herbivore faunas. The detection of putative insect pathogens, mycoparasites, aquatic fungi and endophytes broadens our previous knowledge of the diversity of fungi present in Beringian palaeoecosystems. A large group of putatively psychrophilic/psychrotolerant fungi was also detected, most likely representing a modern, metabolically active fungal community.

Engaging People in Meaningful Problem Solving - Felicity N. Edwards; Michael L. Gibeau (Conservation Biology, 2013)

Gene-environment interactions and obesity traits among postmenopausal African-American and Hispanic women in the Women’s Health Initiative SHARe Study - Digna R. Velez Edwards; Adam C. Naj; Keri Monda; Kari E. North; Marian Neuhouser; Oyunbileg Magvanjav; Ibukun Kusimo; Mara Z. Vitolins; JoAnn E. Manson; Mary Jo O’Sullivan; Evadnie Rampersaud; Todd L. Edwards (Human Genetics, 2013)

Interspecific effects of 4A-DNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in Japanese quail, Northern bobwhite, and Zebra finch - Michael J. Quinn; Terry L. Hanna; Alicia A. Shiflett; Craig A. McFarland; Michelle E. Cook; Mark S. Johnson; Kurt A. Gust; Edward J. Perkins (Ecotoxicology, 2013)

Polymorphisms in genes related to one-carbon metabolism are not related to pancreatic cancer in PanScan and PanC4 - Max Leenders; Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee; Paolo Vineis; Victoria Stevens; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laufey Amundadottir; Myron Gross; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; Eric J. Duell; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case–control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum - Sharif B. Mohr; Edward D. Gorham; John E. Alcaraz; Christopher I. Kane; Caroline A. Macera; J. Kellogg Parsons; Deborah L. Wingard; Ronald Horst; Cedric F. Garland (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Noninvasive diffusive optical imaging of the auditory response to birdsong in the zebra finch - James V. Lee; Edward L. Maclin; Kathy A. Low; Gabriele Gratton; Monica Fabiani; David F. Clayton (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2013)

Clinal variation in colony breeding structure and level of inbreeding in the subterranean termites R eticulitermes flavipes and R . grassei - Edward L. Vargo; Laurianne Leniaud; Lois E. Swoboda; Sarah E. Diamond; Michael D. Weiser; Dini M. Miller; Anne‐Geneviève Bagnères (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Social insects exhibit remarkable variation in their colony breeding structures, both within and among species. Ecological factors are believed to be important in shaping reproductive traits of social insect colonies, yet there is little information linking specific environmental variables with differences in breeding structure. Subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae) show exceptional variation in colony breeding structure, differing in the number of reproductives and degree of inbreeding; colonies can be simple families headed by a single pair of monogamous reproductives (king and queen) or they can be extended families headed by multiple inbreeding neotenic reproductives (wingless individuals). Using microsatellite markers, we characterized colony breeding structure and levels of inbreeding in populations over large parts of the range of the subterranean termites Reticulitermes flavipes in the USA and R. grassei in Europe. Combining these new data with previous results on populations of both species, we found that latitude had a strong effect on the proportion of extended‐family colonies in R. flavipes and on levels of inbreeding in both species. We examined the effect of several environmental variables that vary latitudinally; while the degree of inbreeding was greatest in cool, moist habitats in both species, seasonality affected the species differently. Inbreeding in R. flavipes was most strongly associated with climatic variables (mean annual temperature and seasonality), whereas nonclimatic variables, including the availability of wood substrate and soil composition, were important predictors of inbreeding in R. grassei . These results are the first showing that termite breeding structure is shaped by local environmental factors and that species can vary in their responses to these factors.

Building the niche through time: using 13,000 years of data to predict the effects of climate change on three tree species in Europe - L. Maiorano; R. Cheddadi; N. E. Zimmermann; L. Pellissier; B. Petitpierre; J. Pottier; H. Laborde; B. I. Hurdu; P. B. Pearman; A. Psomas; J. S. Singarayer; O. Broennimann; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) based on current species ranges underestimate the potential distribution when projected in time and/or space. A multi‐temporal model calibration approach has been suggested as an alternative, and we evaluate this using 13,000 years of data. Location Europe. Methods We used fossil‐based records of presence for Picea abies , Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica and six climatic variables for the period 13,000 to 1000 yr bp . To measure the contribution of each 1000‐year time step to the total niche of each species (the niche measured by pooling all the data), we employed a principal components analysis (PCA) calibrated with data over the entire range of possible climates. Then we projected both the total niche and the partial niches from single time frames into the PCA space, and tested if the partial niches were more similar to the total niche than random. Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we calibrated SDMs for each time frame and for the pooled database. We projected each model to current climate and evaluated the results against current pollen data. We also projected all models into the future. Results Niche similarity between the partial and the total‐SDMs was almost always statistically significant and increased through time. SDMs calibrated from single time frames gave different results when projected to current climate, providing evidence of a change in the species realized niches through time. Moreover, they predicted limited climate suitability when compared with the total‐SDMs. The same results were obtained when projected to future climates. Main conclusions The realized climatic niche of species differed for current and future climates when SDMs were calibrated considering different past climates. Building the niche as an ensemble through time represents a way forward to a better understanding of a species' range and its ecology in a changing climate.

Estimating global arthropod species richness: refining probabilistic models using probability bounds analysis - Andrew J. Hamilton; Vojtech Novotný; Edward K. Waters; Yves Basset; Kurt K. Benke; Peter S. Grimbacher; Scott E. Miller; G. Allan Samuelson; George D. Weiblen; Jian D. L. Yen; Nigel E. Stork (Oecologia, 2013)

Fine map of the Gct1 spontaneous ovarian granulosa cell tumor locus - Kerri N. Smith; Sarah J. Halfyard; Edward S. Yaskowiak; Kathryn L. Shultz; Wesley G. Beamer; Ann M. Dorward (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Genetic diversity, conservation, and utilization of Theobroma cacao L.: genetic resources in the Dominican Republic - Edward J. Boza; Brian M. Irish; Alan W. Meerow; Cecile L. Tondo; Orlando A. Rodríguez; Marisol Ventura-López; Jaime A. Gómez; J. Michael Moore; Dapeng Zhang; Juan Carlos Motamayor; Raymond J. Schnell (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2013)

Erratum to: Landscape-Scale Factors Affecting Feral Horse Habitat Use During Summer Within The Rocky Mountain Foothills - Tisa L. Girard; Edward W. Bork; Scott E. Nielsen; Mike J. Alexander (Environmental Management, 2013)

Landscape-Scale Factors Affecting Feral Horse Habitat Use During Summer Within The Rocky Mountain Foothills - Tisa L. Girard; Edward W. Bork; Scott E. Neilsen; Mike J. Alexander (Environmental Management, 2013)

Nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism and risk of renal cell cancer - Eunyoung Cho; Edward L. Giovannucci; Hee-Kyung Joh (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Detecting Insect Pollinator Declines on Regional and Global Scales - Gretchen Lebuhn; Sam Droege; Edward F. Connor; Barbara Gemmill‐Herren; Simon G. Potts; Robert L. Minckley; Terry Griswold; Robert Jean; Emanuel Kula; David W. Roubik; Jim Cane; Karen W. Wright; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Recently there has been considerable concern about declines in bee communities in agricultural and natural habitats. The value of pollination to agriculture, provided primarily by bees, is >$200 billion/year worldwide, and in natural ecosystems it is thought to be even greater. However, no monitoring program exists to accurately detect declines in abundance of insect pollinators; thus, it is difficult to quantify the status of bee communities or estimate the extent of declines. We used data from 11 multiyear studies of bee communities to devise a program to monitor pollinators at regional, national, or international scales. In these studies, 7 different methods for sampling bees were used and bees were sampled on 3 different continents. We estimated that a monitoring program with 200–250 sampling locations each sampled twice over 5 years would provide sufficient power to detect small (2–5%) annual declines in the number of species and in total abundance and would cost U.S.$2,000,000. To detect declines as small as 1% annually over the same period would require >300 sampling locations. Given the role of pollinators in food security and ecosystem function, we recommend establishment of integrated regional and international monitoring programs to detect changes in pollinator communities. Detección de Declinaciones de Insectos Polinizadores a Escalas Regional y Global

A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in women of African ancestry - Fang Chen; Gary K. Chen; Daniel O. Stram; Robert C. Millikan; Christine B. Ambrosone; Esther M. John; Leslie Bernstein; Wei Zheng; Julie R. Palmer; Jennifer J. Hu; Tim R. Rebbeck; Regina G. Ziegler; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

Genetic variation of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified at the mating type locus correlates with form-specific disease phenotype in the barley net blotch fungus Pyrenophora teres - Shunwen Lu; Michael C. Edwards; Timothy L. Friesen (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium - Joanne W. Elena; Emily Steplowski; Kai Yu; Patricia Hartge; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Michelle J. Brotzman; Stephen J. Chanock; Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon; Alan A. Arslan; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Kathy Helzlsouer; Eric J. Jacobs; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Isolation and characterization of 14 microsatellite markers for Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) and their potential use in range-wide population studies - Yoshimi Shinmura; Alison K. S. Wee; Koji Takayama; Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram; Takeshi Asakawa; Onrizal; Bayu Adjie; Erwin Riyanto Ardli; Sarawood Sungkaew; Norhaslinda Binti Malekal; Nguyen Xuan Tung; Severino G. Salmo III; et al. (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2012)

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for a hyper-rare cliff endemic, Erigeron lemmonii, and a more widespread congener, Erigeron arisolius (Asteraceae) - Denise L. Lindsay; Pamela Bailey; Joseph L. Anderson; Michael G. Jung; Christine E. Edwards; Richard F. Lance (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2012)

Precision of host sanctions in the fig tree–fig wasp mutualism: consequences for uncooperative symbionts - K. Charlotte Jandér; Edward Allen Herre; Ellen L. Simms (Ecology Letters, 2012)
Host sanctions that reduce the relative fitness of uncooperative symbionts provide a mechanism that can limit cheating and thus stabilise mutualisms over evolutionary timescales. Sanctions have been demonstrated empirically in several mutualisms. However, if multiple individual symbionts interact with each host, the precision with which individual cheating symbionts are targeted by host sanctions is critical to their short‐ and long‐term effectiveness. No previous empirical study has directly addressed this issue. Here, we report the precision of host sanctions in the mutualism between fig trees and their pollinating wasps. Using field experiments and molecular parentage analyses, we show that sanctions in Ficus nymphaeifolia act at the level of entire figs (syconia), not at the level of the individual flowers within. Such fig‐level sanctions allow uncooperative wasps, which do not bring pollen, to avoid sanctions in figs to which other wasps bring pollen. We discuss the relevance of sanction precision to other mutualisms.

Integrating Climate and Ocean Change Vulnerability into Conservation Planning - Elizabeth McLeod; Alison Green; Edward Game; Kenneth Anthony; Joshua Cinner; Scott F. Heron; Joanie Kleypas; Catherine E. Lovelock; John M. Pandolfi; Robert L. Pressey; Rodney Salm; Steve Schill; et al. (Coastal Management, 2012)

Application of large-scale sequencing to marker discovery in plants - Robert J Henry; Mark Edwards; Daniel L E Waters; Gopala Krishnan S; Peter Bundock; Timothy R Sexton; Ardashir K Masouleh; Catherine J Nock; Julie Pattemore (Journal of Biosciences, 2012)

Fungal and bacterial growth following the application of slurry and anaerobic digestate of livestock manure to temperate pasture soils - John J. Walsh; Johannes Rousk; Gareth Edwards-Jones; Davey L. Jones; A. Prysor Williams (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012)

Microbial cell budgets of an A rctic glacier surface quantified using flow cytometry - T. D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; A. Edwards; S. Newton; H. Langford; S. M. Rassner; J. Telling; A. M. Anesio; A. J. Hodson (Environmental Microbiology, 2012)
Summary Uncertainty surrounds estimates of microbial cell and organic detritus fluxes from glacier surfaces. Here, we present the first enumeration of biological particles draining from a supraglacial catchment, on M idtre L ovénbreen ( S valbard) over 36 days. A stream cell flux of 1.08 × 10 7 cells m −2 h −1 was found, with strong inverse, non‐linear associations between water discharge and biological particle concentrations. Over the study period, a significant decrease in cell‐like particles exhibiting 530 nm autofluorescence was noted. The observed total fluvial export of ∼ 7.5 × 10 14 cells equates to 15.1–72.7 g C , and a large proportion of these cells were small ( 7 cells m −2 h −1 . Analysis of surface ice cores revealed cell concentrations comparable to previous studies (6 × 10 4 cells ml −1 ) but, critically, showed no variation with depth in the uppermost 1 m. The physical retention and growth of particulates at glacier surfaces has two implications: to contribute to ice mass thinning through feedbacks altering surface albedo, and to potentially seed recently deglaciated terrain with cells, genes and labile organic matter. This highlights the merit of further study into glacier surface hydraulics and biological processes.

N-Acetyl–seryl–aspartyl–lysyl–proline inhibits ET-1-induced collagen production by preserving Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 activity in cardiac fibroblasts - Hongmei Peng; Oscar A. Carretero; Edward L. Peterson; Xiao-Ping Yang; Kastuv Santra; Nour-Eddine Rhaleb (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2012)

An evaluation of potential solar radio emission power threat on GPS and GLONASS performance - Vladislav V. Demyanov; Edward L. Afraimovich; Shuanggen Jin (GPS Solutions, 2012)

Carbon outcomes of major land‐cover transitions in SE Asia: great uncertainties and REDD + policy implications - Alan D. Ziegler; Jacob Phelps; Jia QI Yuen; Edward L. Webb; Deborah Lawrence; Jeff M. Fox; Thilde B. Bruun; Stephen J. Leisz; Casey M. Ryan; Wolfram Dressler; Ole Mertz; Unai Pascual; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Policy makers across the tropics propose that carbon finance could provide incentives for forest frontier communities to transition away from swidden agriculture (slash‐and‐burn or shifting cultivation) to other systems that potentially reduce emissions and/or increase carbon sequestration. However, there is little certainty regarding the carbon outcomes of many key land‐use transitions at the center of current policy debates. Our meta‐analysis of over 250 studies reporting above‐ and below‐ground carbon estimates for different land‐use types indicates great uncertainty in the net total ecosystem carbon changes that can be expected from many transitions, including the replacement of various types of swidden agriculture with oil palm, rubber, or some other types of agroforestry systems. These transitions are underway throughout Southeast Asia, and are at the heart of REDD + debates. Exceptions of unambiguous carbon outcomes are the abandonment of any type of agriculture to allow forest regeneration (a certain positive carbon outcome) and expansion of agriculture into mature forest (a certain negative carbon outcome). With respect to swiddening, our meta‐analysis supports a reassessment of policies that encourage land‐cover conversion away from these [especially long‐fallow] systems to other more cash‐crop‐oriented systems producing ambiguous carbon stock changes – including oil palm and rubber. In some instances, lengthening fallow periods of an existing swidden system may produce substantial carbon benefits, as would conversion from intensely cultivated lands to high‐biomass plantations and some other types of agroforestry. More field studies are needed to provide better data of above‐ and below‐ground carbon stocks before informed recommendations or policy decisions can be made regarding which land‐use regimes optimize or increase carbon sequestration. As some transitions may negatively impact other ecosystem services, food security, and local livelihoods, the entire carbon and noncarbon benefit stream should also be taken into account before prescribing transitions with ambiguous carbon benefits.

Evaluating Perceived Benefits of Ecoregional Assessments - MADELEINE C. BOTTRILL; MORENA MILLS; ROBERT L. PRESSEY; EDWARD T. GAME; CRAIG GROVES (Conservation Biology, 2012)
The outcomes of systematic conservation planning (process of assessing, implementing, and managing conservation areas) are rarely reported or measured formally. A lack of consistent or rigorous evaluation in conservation planning has fueled debate about the extent to which conservation assessment (identification, design, and prioritization of potential conservation areas) ultimately influences actions on the ground. We interviewed staff members of a nongovernmental organization, who were involved in 5 ecoregional assessments across North and South America and the Asia‐Pacific region. We conducted 17 semistructured interviews with open and closed questions about the perceived purpose, outputs, and outcomes of the ecoregional assessments in which respondents were involved. Using qualitative data collected from those interviews, we investigated the types and frequency of benefits perceived to have emerged from the ecoregional assessments and explored factors that might facilitate or constrain the flow of benefits. Some benefits reflected the intended purpose of ecoregional assessments. Other benefits included improvements in social interactions, attitudes, and institutional knowledge. Our results suggest the latter types of benefits enable ultimate benefits of assessments, such as guiding investments by institutional partners. Our results also showed a clear divergence between the respondents’ expectations and perceived outcomes of implementation of conservation actions arising from ecoregional assessments. Our findings suggest the need for both a broader perspective on the contribution of assessments to planning goals and further evaluation of conservation assessments.

Egg Placement by Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) as Influenced by Resting Surface Slope and Enclosure - Megan L. Fritz; Edward D. Walker; James R. Miller (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2012)

Development and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae) using next-generation sequencing - Yoshimi Shinmura; Alison K. S. Wee; Koji Takayama; Takeshi Asakawa; Orlex Baylen Yllano; Severino G. Salmo; Erwin Riyanto Ardli; Nguyen Xuan Tung; Norhaslinda Binti Malekal; Onrizal; Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram; Sarawood Sungkaew; et al. (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2012)

Seasonal variation in expression of markers in the vitamin D pathway in prostate tissue - Mara M. Epstein; Ove Andrén; Julie L. Kasperzyk; Irene M. Shui; Kathryn L. Penney; Katja Fall; Jennifer R. Rider; Meir J. Stampfer; Swen-Olof Andersson; Edward Giovannucci; Lorelei A. Mucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

Impact of predatory carabids on below- and above-ground pests and yield in strawberry - Jana C. Lee; David L. Edwards (BioControl, 2012)

Effects of vicariant barriers, habitat stability, population isolation and environmental features on species divergence in the south‐western Australian coastal reptile community - D. L. EDWARDS; J. S. KEOGH; L. L. KNOWLES (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Identifying explicit hypotheses regarding the factors determining genetic structuring within species can be difficult, especially in species distributed in historically dynamic regions. To contend with these challenges, we use a framework that combines species distribution models, environmental data and multi‐locus genetic data to generate and explore phylogeographic hypotheses for reptile species occupying the coastal sand‐dune and sand‐plain habitats of the south‐western Australian biodiversity hotspot, a community which has both a high diversity of endemics and has varied dramatically in spatial extent over time. We use hierarchical amova , summary statistic and distance‐based analyses to explicitly test specific phylogeographic hypotheses. Namely, we test if biogeographic vicariance across barriers, habitat stability, population isolation along a linear habitat or fragmentation across different environments can explain genetic divergence within five co‐distributed squamate reptile species. Our results show that patterns of genetic variation reflect complex and species‐specific interactions related to the spatial distribution of habitats present currently and during repeated glacial minima, as opposed to being associated with historical factors such as habitat stability between glacial and inter‐glacial periods or vicariant barriers. We suggest that the large impact of habitat characteristics over time (i.e. relative levels of habitat connectivity, climatic gradients and spatial heterogeneity of soil types) reflects the ecological restrictions of the sand‐dune and sand‐plain reptile communities and may explain the lack of concordance across taxa. The study demonstrates the general utility of the approach for assemblage‐level, as well as single species, phylogeographic study, including its usefulness for exploring biologically informed hypotheses about what factors have influenced patterns of genetic variation.

DNA from soil mirrors plant taxonomic and growth form diversity - N. G. YOCCOZ; K. A. BRÅTHEN; L. GIELLY; J. HAILE; M. E. EDWARDS; T. GOSLAR; H. Von STEDINGK; A. K. BRYSTING; E. COISSAC; F. POMPANON; J. H. SØNSTEBØ; C. MIQUEL; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Ecosystems across the globe are threatened by climate change and human activities. New rapid survey approaches for monitoring biodiversity would greatly advance assessment and understanding of these threats. Taking advantage of next‐generation DNA sequencing, we tested an approach we call metabarcoding: high‐throughput and simultaneous taxa identification based on a very short (usually

Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI to Image Inflammation Within Human Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: a Pilot Investigation - David M. Hasan; Matthew Amans; Tarik Tihan; Christopher Hess; Yi Guo; Soonmee Cha; Hua Su; Alastair J. Martin; Michael T. Lawton; Edward A. Neuwelt; David A. Saloner; William L. Young (Translational Stroke Research, 2012)

Assessing the effects of chronic sazetidine-A delivery on nicotine self-administration in both male and female rats - Joshua E. Johnson; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Ann Petro; Hannah Sexton; Amir H. Rezvani; Milton L. Brown; Mikell A. Paige; Brian E. McDowell; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2012)

Nasopharyngeal Necrosis After Chronic Opioid (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen) Insufflation - Christopher D. Rosenbaum; Katherine L. Boyle; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2012)

Metabolic syndrome in mice induced by expressing a transcriptional activator in adipose tissue - Liwen Zhang; Yuchen Zhou; Amber Ying Zhu; Xiang-qing Li; Steven S. Mundt; Ling Gao; JeanMarie Lisnock; Melba Hernandez; Magdalena Alonso-Galicia; Martin S. Springer; Edward A. O’Neill; Bruce L. Daugherty; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2012)

Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning - Craig R. Groves; Edward T. Game; Mark G. Anderson; Molly Cross; Carolyn Enquist; Zach Ferdaña; Evan Girvetz; Anne Gondor; Kimberly R. Hall; Jonathan Higgins; Rob Marshall; Ken Popper; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Innate immunity and the evolution of resistance to an emerging infectious disease in a wild bird - CAMILLE BONNEAUD; SUSAN L. BALENGER; JIANGWEN ZHANG; SCOTT V. EDWARDS; GEOFFREY E. HILL (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Innate immunity is expected to play a primary role in conferring resistance to novel infectious diseases, but few studies have attempted to examine its role in the evolution of resistance to emerging pathogens in wild vertebrate populations. Here, we used experimental infections and cDNA microarrays to examine whether changes in the innate and/or acquired immune responses likely accompanied the emergence of resistance in house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) in the eastern United States subject to a recent outbreak of conjunctivitis‐causing bacterium ( Mycoplasma gallisepticum —MG). Three days following experimental infection with MG, we observed differences in the splenic transcriptional responses between house finches from eastern U.S. populations, with a 12‐year history of MG exposure, versus western U.S. populations, with no history of exposure to MG. In particular, western birds down‐regulated gene expression, while eastern finches showed no expression change relative to controls. Studies involving poultry have shown that MG can manipulate host immunity, and our observations suggest that pathogen manipulation occurred only in finches from the western populations, outside the range of MG. Fourteen days after infection, eastern finches, but not western finches, up‐regulated genes associated with acquired immunity (cell‐mediated immunity) relative to controls. These observations suggest population differences in the temporal course of the response to infection with MG and imply that innate immune processes were targets of selection in response to MG in the eastern U.S. population.

(2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid: a urinary biomarker of exposure for jet fuel JP-8 - Clayton B’Hymer; Patricia Mathias; Edward Krieg; Kenneth L. Cheever; Christine A. Toennis; John C. Clark; James S. Kesner; Roger L. Gibson; Mary Ann Butler (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2012)

Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream - Steve L. Schroder; Curtis M. Knudsen; Todd N. Pearsons; Todd W. Kassler; Edward P. Beall; Sewall F. Young; David E. Fast (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2012)

Russian wheat aphids ( Diuraphis noxia ) in China: native range expansion or recent introduction? - B. ZHANG; O. R. EDWARDS; L. KANG; S. J. FULLER (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
In this study, we explore the population genetics of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) ( Diuraphis noxia ), one of the world’s most invasive agricultural pests, in north‐western China. We have analysed the data of 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequences from 27 populations sampled over 2 years in China. The results confirm that the RWAs are holocyclic in China with high genetic diversity indicating widespread sexual reproduction. Distinct differences in microsatellite genetic diversity and distribution revealed clear geographic isolation between RWA populations in northern and southern Xinjiang, China, with gene flow interrupted across extensive desert regions. Despite frequent grain transportation from north to south in this region, little evidence for RWA translocation as a result of human agricultural activities was found. Consequently, frequent gene flow among northern populations most likely resulted from natural dispersal, potentially facilitated by wind currents. We also found evidence for the long‐term existence and expansion of RWAs in China, despite local opinion that it is an exotic species only present in China since 1975. Our estimated date of RWA expansion throughout China coincides with the debut of wheat domestication and cultivation practices in western Asia in the Holocene. We conclude that western China represents the limit of the far eastern native range of this species. This study is the most comprehensive molecular genetic investigation of the RWA in its native range undertaken to date and provides valuable insights into the history of the association of this aphid with domesticated cereals and wild grasses.

Identification of 104 rapidly-evolving nuclear protein-coding markers for amplification across scaled reptiles using genomic resources - Daniel M. Portik; Perry L. Wood; Jesse L. Grismer; Edward L. Stanley; Todd R. Jackman (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2012)

Meta-analysis of new genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer risk - Ulrike Peters; Carolyn M. Hutter; Li Hsu; Fredrick R. Schumacher; David V. Conti; Christopher S. Carlson; Christopher K. Edlund; Robert W. Haile; Steven Gallinger; Brent W. Zanke; Mathieu Lemire; Jagadish Rangrej; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Effect of cold acclimatization on exercise economy in the cold - Matthew D. Muller; Chul-Ho Kim; David M. Bellar; Edward J. Ryan; Yongsuk Seo; Sarah M. Muller; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012)

Characterisation of MHC haplotypes in a breeding colony of Indonesian cynomolgus macaques reveals a high level of diversity - Jane L. Mitchell; Edward T. Mee; Neil M. Almond; Keith Cutler; Nicola J. Rose (Immunogenetics, 2012)

Genetic diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus - Claudia Husseneder; Dawn M. Simms; Jennifer R. Delatte; Changlu Wang; J. Kenneth Grace; Edward L. Vargo (Biological Invasions, 2012)

Evaluation of Fluorescent Phosphatidylserine Substrates for the Aminophospholipid Flippase in Mammalian Cells - Bryan A. Smith; Edward J. O’Neil; Andrew J. Lampkins; James R. Johnson; Jung-Jae Lee; Erin L. Cole; Bradley D. Smith (Journal of Fluorescence, 2012)

MHC region and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in African American women - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez; Patricia A. Fraser; Julie R. Palmer; L. Adrienne Cupples; David Reich; Ying A. Wang; John D. Rioux; Lynn Rosenberg (Human Genetics, 2011)

A prospective study of intakes of zinc and heme iron and colorectal cancer risk in men and women - Xuehong Zhang; Edward L. Giovannucci; Stephanie A. Smith-Warner; Kana Wu; Charles S. Fuchs; Michael Pollak; Walter C. Willett; Jing Ma (Cancer Causes & Control, 2011)

Influence of insects and fungal pathogens on individual and population parameters of Cirsium arvense in its native and introduced ranges - Michael G. Cripps; Graeme W. Bourdôt; David J. Saville; Hariet L. Hinz; Simon V. Fowler; Grant R. Edwards (Biological Invasions, 2011)

Patterns of Root Dynamics in Mangrove Forests Along Environmental Gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA - Edward Castañeda-Moya; Robert R. Twilley; Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Brian D. Marx; Carlos Coronado-Molina; Sharon M. L. Ewe (Ecosystems, 2011)

Polyandry and multiple paternities in the threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii - Christina M. Davy; Taylor Edwards; Amy Lathrop; Mark Bratton; Mark Hagan; Brian Henen; Kenneth A. Nagy; Jonathon Stone; L. Scott Hillard; Robert W. Murphy (Conservation Genetics, 2011)

Forced and unforced variability of twentieth century North American droughts and pluvials - Benjamin I. Cook; Edward R. Cook; Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Richard Seager; Ron L. Miller (Climate Dynamics, 2011)

Influence of ley duration on the yield and quality of the subsequent cereal crop (spring oats) in an organically managed long-term crop rotation experiment - C. A. Watson; J. A. Baddeley; A. C. Edwards; R. M. Rees; R. L. Walker; C. F. E. Topp (Organic Agriculture, 2011)

Searching for a Sustainable Environmental Ethic - Edward L. Barnard; Justin D. Barnard (Journal of Forestry, 2011)

Recognizing Contemporary Roles of Swidden Agriculture in Transforming Landscapes of Southeast Asia - ALAN D. ZIEGLER; JEFF M. FOX; EDWARD L. WEBB; CHRISTINE PADOCH; STEVE J. LEISZ; ROB A. CRAMB; OLE MERTZ; THILDE B. BRUUN; TRAN DUC VIEN (Conservation Biology, 2011)

High frequency variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation - B. Balan Sarojini; J. M. Gregory; R. Tailleux; G. R. Bigg; A. T. Blaker; D. R. Cameron; N. R. Edwards; A. P. Megann; L. C. Shaffrey; B. Sinha (Ocean Science, 2011)
We compare the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) as simulated by the coupled climate models of the RAPID project, which cover a wide range of resolution and complexity, and observed by the RAPID/MOCHA array at about 26° N. We analyse variability on a range of timescales, from five-daily to interannual. In models of all resolutions there is substantial variability on timescales of a few days; in most AOGCMs the amplitude of the variability is of somewhat larger magnitude than that observed by the RAPID array, while the time-mean is within about 10 % of the observational estimate. The amplitude of the simulated annual cycle is similar to observations, but the shape of the annual cycle shows a spread among the models. A dynamical decomposition shows that in the models, as in observations, the AMOC is predominantly geostrophic (driven by pressure and sea-level gradients), with both geostrophic and Ekman contributions to variability, the latter being exaggerated and the former underrepresented in models. Other ageostrophic terms, neglected in the observational estimate, are small but not negligible. The time-mean of the western boundary current near the latitude of the RAPID/MOCHA array has a much wider model spread than the AMOC does, indicating large differences among models in the simulation of the wind-driven gyre circulation, and its variability is unrealistically small in the models. In many RAPID models and in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3), interannual variability of the maximum of the AMOC wherever it lies, which is a commonly used model index, is similar to interannual variability in the AMOC at 26° N. Annual volume and heat transport timeseries at the same latitude are well-correlated within 15–45° N, indicating the climatic importance of the AMOC. In the RAPID and CMIP3 models, we show that the AMOC is correlated over considerable distances in latitude, but not the whole extent of the North Atlantic; consequently interannual variability of the AMOC at 50° N, where it is particularly relevant to European climate, is not well-correlated with that of the AMOC at 26° N, where it is monitored by the RAPID/MOCHA array.

Mood and selective attention in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise - Matthew D. Muller; Sarah M. Muller; Chul-Ho Kim; Edward J. Ryan; John Gunstad; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)

An improved glacial isostatic adjustment model for the British Isles - Sarah L. Bradley; Glenn A. Milne; Ian Shennan; Robin Edwards (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2011)
The glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the British Isles is of interest due to the constraints that can be provided on key model parameters such as the global meltwater signal, local ice sheet history and viscoelastic earth structure. A number of recent studies have modelled relative sea‐level (RSL) data from this region to constrain model parameters. As indicated in these studies, the sensitivity of these data to both local and global parameters results in a highly non‐unique problem. This study aims to address this inherent non‐uniqueness by combining a previously published British–Irish ice model that is based on the most recent geomorphological data with a new global ice sheet model that provides an accurate prediction of eustatic sea‐level change. In addition, constraints from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of present‐day vertical land motion are considered alongside the entirety of RSL data from both Great Britain and Ireland. A model solution is found that provides a high‐quality fit to both the RSL data and the GPS data. Within the range of earth viscosity values considered, the optimal data model fits were achieved with a relatively thin lithosphere (71 km), upper mantle viscosities in the range 4–6 × 10 20 Pa s and lower mantle viscosities ≥ 3 × 10 22 Pa s. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Role of individual and developmental differences in voluntary cocaine intake in rats - Nicole L. Schramm-Sapyta; Marty C. Cauley; Dalene K. Stangl; Susan Glowacz; K. Amy Stepp; Edward D. Levin; Cynthia M. Kuhn (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand: effects on dizocilpine and scopolamine-induced attentional impairments in female Sprague–Dawley rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Marty Cauley; Hannah Sexton; Yingxian Xiao; Milton L. Brown; Mikell A. Paige; Brian E. McDowell; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Pain and thermal sensation in the cold: the effect of interval versus continuous exercise - Matthew D. Muller; Sarah M. Muller; Edward J. Ryan; David M. Bellar; Chul-Ho Kim; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011)

The Effects of Dormancy Status on the Endogenous Contents and Biological Activities of Jasmonic Acid, N-(jasmonoyl)-Isoleucine, and Tuberonic Acid in Potato Tubers - Jeffrey C. Suttle; Linda L. Huckle; Edward C. Lulai (American Journal of Potato Research, 2011)

The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm - Keryn B. Gedan; Matthew L. Kirwan; Eric Wolanski; Edward B. Barbier; Brian R. Silliman (Climatic Change, 2011)

Effects of age and composition of field-produced biofilms on oyster larval setting - Alaina H. Campbell; Donald W. Meritt; Rima B. Franklin; Edward L. Boone; Carol T. Nicely; Bonnie L. Brown (Biofouling, 2011)

Gene identification in black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.): expressed sequence tag profiling and genetic screening yields candidate genes for production of bioactive secondary metabolites - Martin J. Spiering; Lori A. Urban; Donald L. Nuss; Vivek Gopalan; Arlin Stoltzfus; Edward Eisenstein (Plant Cell Reports, 2011)

An Integrated Approach to Gene Discovery and Marker Development in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) - Sharen Bowman; Sophie Hubert; Brent Higgins; Cynthia Stone; Jennifer Kimball; Tudor Borza; Jillian Tarrant Bussey; Gary Simpson; Catherine Kozera; Bruce A. Curtis; Jennifer R. Hall; Tiago S. Hori; et al. (Marine Biotechnology, 2011)

A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and scatterometer satellite data - James L. Foster; Dorothy K. Hall; John B. Eylander; George A. Riggs; Son V. Nghiem; Marco Tedesco; Edward Kim; Paul M. Montesano; Richard E. J. Kelly; Kimberly A. Casey; Bhaskar Choudhury (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)

Feasibility of Spectroscopic Characterization of Algal Lipids: Chemometric Correlation of NIR and FTIR Spectra with Exogenous Lipids in Algal Biomass - Lieve M. L. Laurens; Edward J. Wolfrum (BioEnergy Research, 2011)

The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida - Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Robert R. Twilley; Stephen E. Davis; Daniel L. Childers; Marc Simard; Randolph Chambers; Rudolf Jaffe; Joseph N. Boyer; David T. Rudnick; Keqi Zhang; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Sharon M. L. Ewe; et al. (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Coastal bacterioplankton community diversity along a latitudinal gradient in Latin America by means of V6 tag pyrosequencing - Fabiano L. Thompson; Thiago Bruce; Alessandra Gonzalez; Alexander Cardoso; Maysa Clementino; Marcela Costagliola; Constanza Hozbor; Ernesto Otero; Claudia Piccini; Silvia Peressutti; Robert Schmieder; Robert Edwards; et al. (Archives of Microbiology, 2011)

Coordinated approaches to quantify long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change - YIQI LUO; JERRY MELILLO; SHULI NIU; CLAUS BEIER; JAMES S. CLARK; AIMÉE T. CLASSEN; ERIC DAVIDSON; JEFFREY S. DUKES; R. DAVE EVANS; CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD; CLAUDIA I. CZIMCZIK; MICHAEL KELLER; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2011)
Many serious ecosystem consequences of climate change will take decades or even centuries to emerge. Long‐term ecological responses to global change are strongly regulated by slow processes, such as changes in species composition, carbon dynamics in soil and by long‐lived plants, and accumulation of nutrient capitals. Understanding and predicting these processes require experiments on decadal time scales. But decadal experiments by themselves may not be adequate because many of the slow processes have characteristic time scales much longer than experiments can be maintained. This article promotes a coordinated approach that combines long‐term, large‐scale global change experiments with process studies and modeling. Long‐term global change manipulative experiments, especially in high‐priority ecosystems such as tropical forests and high‐latitude regions, are essential to maximize information gain concerning future states of the earth system. The long‐term experiments should be conducted in tandem with complementary process studies, such as those using model ecosystems, species replacements, laboratory incubations, isotope tracers, and greenhouse facilities. Models are essential to assimilate data from long‐term experiments and process studies together with information from long‐term observations, surveys, and space‐for‐time studies along environmental and biological gradients. Future research programs with coordinated long‐term experiments, process studies, and modeling have the potential to be the most effective strategy to gain the best information on long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change.

Vegetation Index Methods for Estimating Evapotranspiration by Remote Sensing - Edward P. Glenn; Pamela L. Nagler; Alfredo R. Huete (Surveys in Geophysics, 2010)

Erratum to: Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Cancer-Focused Summer Research Education Program for Navajo Undergraduate Students - Edward R. Garrison; Mark C. Bauer; Brenda L. Hosley; Christi A. Patten; Christine A. Hughes; Mary A. Trapp; Wesley O. Petersen; Martha A. Austin-Garrison; Clarissa N. Bowman; Robert A. Vierkant (Journal of Cancer Education, 2010)

Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Cancer-Focused Summer Research Education Program Navajo Undergraduate Students - Edward R. Garrison; Mark C. Bauer; Brenda L. Hosley; Christi A. Patten; Christine A. Hughes; Mary A. Trapp; Wesley O. Petersen; Martha A. Austin-Garrison; Clarissa N. Bowman; Robert A. Vierkant (Journal of Cancer Education, 2010)

Sex differences in force steadiness in three positions of the forearm - Ruth E. Brown; Darl L. Edwards; Jennifer M. Jakobi (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Transfers to Simsia and description of Davilanthus, a new genus of Asteraceae (Heliantheae) - Edward E. Schilling; Jose L. Panero (Brittonia, 2010)

Abundance and distribution of major groups of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and their potential contribution to N 2 fixation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean - Nicole L. Goebel; Kendra A. Turk; Katherine M. Achilles; Ryan Paerl; Ian Hewson; Amanda E. Morrison; Joseph P. Montoya; Christopher A. Edwards; Jonathan P. Zehr (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary The abundances of six N 2 ‐fixing cyanobacterial phylotypes were profiled at 22 stations across the tropical Atlantic Ocean during June 2006, and used to model the contribution of the diazotrophs to N 2 fixation. Diazotroph abundances were measured by targeting the nifH gene of Trichodesmium , unicellular groups A, B, C (UCYN‐A, UCYN‐B and UCYN‐C), and diatom‐cyanobiont symbioses Hemiaulus–Richelia , Rhizosolenia–Richelia and Chaetoceros–Calothrix . West to east gradients in temperature, salinity and nutrients [NO 3 ‐ + NO 2 ‐ , PO 4 3− , Si(OH) 4 ] showed the influence of the Amazon River plume and its effect on the distributions of the diazotrophs. Trichodesmium accounted for more than 93% of all nifH genes detected, dominated the warmer waters of the western Atlantic, and was the only diazotroph detected at the equatorial upwelling station. UCYN‐A was the next most abundant (> 5% of all nifH genes) and dominated the cooler waters of the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands. UCYN‐C was found at a single depth (200 m) of high salinity and low temperature and nutrients, whereas UCYN‐B cells were widespread but in very low abundance (6.1 × 10 1 ± 4.6 × 10 2 gene copies l −1 ). The diatom‐cyanobionts were observed primarily in the western Atlantic within or near the high Si(OH) 4 input of the Amazon River plume. Overall, highest diazotroph abundances were observed at the surface and declined with depth, except for some subsurface peaks in Trichodesmium , UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A. Modelled contributions of Trichodesmium , UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A to total N 2 fixation suggested that Trichodesmium had the largest input, except for the potential of UCYN‐A at the Cape Verde Islands.

Fine mapping QMi-C11 a major QTL controlling root-knot nematodes resistance in Upland cotton - Xinlian Shen; Yajun He; Edward L. Lubbers; Richard F. Davis; Robert L. Nichols; Peng W. Chee (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2010)

Slowed decomposition is biotically mediated in an ectomycorrhizal, tropical rain forest - Krista L. McGuire; Donald R. Zak; Ivan P. Edwards; Christopher B. Blackwood; Rima Upchurch (Oecologia, 2010)

75 years after mining ends stream insect diversity is still affected by heavy metals - Hugh Lefcort; James Vancura; Edward L. Lider (Ecotoxicology, 2010)

Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and use of multiple vitamin supplements and risk of colon cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies - Yikyung Park; Donna Spiegelman; David J. Hunter; Demetrius Albanes; Leif Bergkvist; Julie E. Buring; Jo L. Freudenheim; Edward Giovannucci; R. Alexandra Goldbohm; Lisa Harnack; Ikuko Kato; Vittorio Krogh; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Pooled analyses of 13 prospective cohort studies on folate intake and colon cancer - Dong-Hyun Kim; Stephanie A. Smith-Warner; Donna Spiegelman; Shiaw-Shyuan Yaun; Graham A. Colditz; Jo L. Freudenheim; Edward Giovannucci; R. Alexandra Goldbohm; Saxon Graham; Lisa Harnack; Eric J. Jacobs; Michael Leitzmann; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Factors associated with Type I and Type II endometrial cancer - Ashley S. Felix; Joel L. Weissfeld; Roslyn A. Stone; Robert Bowser; Mamatha Chivukula; Robert P. Edwards; Faina Linkov (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica, Expresses a Potent Antibacterial Histone H2B Protein - Jung-Kil Seo; Jeana Stephenson; J. Myron Crawford; Kathryn L. Stone; Edward J. Noga (Marine Biotechnology, 2010)

Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon - Jeana L. Drake; Edward J. Carpenter; Mary Cousins; Kara L. Nelson; Alejandro Guido-Zarate; Keith Loftin (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Immunoregulation of a CB2 Receptor Agonist in a Murine Model of NeuroAIDS - Santhi Gorantla; Edward Makarov; Deepa Roy; Jennifer Finke-Dwyer; L. Charles Murrin; Howard E. Gendelman; Larisa Poluektova (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2010)

Age independent and position-dependent alterations in motor unit activity of the biceps brachii - B. Harwood; D. L. Edwards; J. M. Jakobi (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Assessing regional impacts and adaptation strategies for climate change: the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment - Edward L. Miles; Marketa M. Elsner; Jeremy S. Littell; Lara Whitely Binder; Dennis P. Lettenmaier (Climatic Change, 2010)

Effects of sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitizing agent on alcohol and nicotine self-administration in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Susan Slade; Cori Wells; Ann Petro; Lawrence Lumeng; Ting-Kai Li; Yingxian Xiao; Milton L. Brown; Mikell A. Paige; Brian E. McDowell; Jed E. Rose; Kenneth J. Kellar; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2010)

Alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium (PanScan) - Dominique S. Michaud; Alina Vrieling; Li Jiao; Julie B. Mendelsohn; Emily Steplowski; Shannon M. Lynch; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Charles S. Fuchs; Myron Gross; Kathy Helzlsouer; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Detection of Food Intake from Swallowing Sequences by Supervised and Unsupervised Methods - Paulo Lopez-Meyer; Oleksandr Makeyev; Stephanie Schuckers; Edward L. Melanson; Michael R. Neuman; Edward Sazonov (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Phylogeographic analysis detects congruent biogeographic patterns between a woodland agamid and Australian wet tropics taxa despite disparate evolutionary trajectories - Danielle L. Edwards; Jane Melville (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim To test the congruence of phylogeographic patterns and processes between a woodland agamid lizard ( Diporiphora australis ) and well‐studied Australian wet tropics fauna. Specifically, to determine whether the biogeographic history of D. australis is more consistent with a history of vicariance, which is common in wet tropics fauna, or with a history of dispersal with expansion, which would be expected for species occupying woodland habitats that expanded with the increasingly drier conditions in eastern Australia during the Miocene–Pleistocene. Location North‐eastern Australia. Methods Field‐collected and museum tissue samples from across the entire distribution of D. australis were used to compile a comprehensive phylo‐geographic dataset based on c . 1400 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), incorporating the ND2 protein‐coding gene. We used phylogenetic methods to assess biogeographic patterns within D. australis and relaxed molecular clock analyses were conducted to estimate divergence times. Hierarchical Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests were used to test alternative topologies representing vicariant, dispersal and mixed dispersal/vicariant biogeographic hypotheses. Phylogenetic analyses were combined with phylogeographic analyses to gain an insight into the evolutionary processes operating within D. australis . Results Phylogenetic analyses identified six major mtDNA clades within D. australis , with phylogeographic patterns closely matching those seen in many wet tropics taxa. Congruent phylogeographic breaks were observed across the Black Mountain Corridor, Burdekin and St Lawrence Gaps. Divergence amongst clades was found to decrease in a north–south direction, with a trend of increasing population expansion in the south. Main conclusions While phylogeographic patterns in D australis reflect those seen in many rain forest fauna of the wet tropics, the evolutionary processes underlying these patterns appear to be very different. Our results support a history of sequential colonization of D. australis from north to south across major biogeographic barriers from the late Miocene–Pleistocene. These patterns are most likely in response to expanding woodland habitats. Our results strengthen the data available for this iconic region in Australia by exploring the understudied woodland habitats. In addition, our study shows the importance of thorough investigations of not only the biogeographic patterns displayed by species but also the evolutionary processes underlying such patterns.

Experimentally increased snow accumulation alters soil moisture and animal community structure in a polar desert - Edward Ayres; Johnson N. Nkem; Diana H. Wall; Byron J. Adams; J. E. Barrett; Breana L. Simmons; Ross A. Virginia; Andrew G. Fountain (Polar Biology, 2010)

Enemy release does not increase performance of Cirsium arvense in New Zealand - Michael G. Cripps; Grant R. Edwards; Graeme W. Bourdôt; David J. Saville; Hariet L. Hinz; Simon V. Fowler (Plant Ecology, 2010)

The influence of interval versus continuous exercise on thermoregulation, torso hemodynamics, and finger dexterity in the cold - Matthew D. Muller; Edward J. Ryan; David M. Bellar; Chul-Ho Kim; Robert P. Blankfield; Sarah M. Muller; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Symbiosis research, technology, and education: Proceedings of the 6th International Symbiosis Society Congress held in Madison Wisconsin, USA, August 2009 - Heidi Goodrich-Blair; Jean-Michel Ané; James D. Bever; Seth R. Bordenstein; Monika Bright; John M. Chaston; Keith Clay; Cameron R. Currie; Angela E. Douglas; Nicole Gerardo; Maria J. Harrison; Ruth E. Ley; et al. (Symbiosis, 2010)

Genetic variation in sex-steroid receptors and synthesizing enzymes and colorectal cancer risk in women - Jennifer Lin; Robert Y. L. Zee; Kuang-Yu Liu; Shumin M. Zhang; I-Min Lee; JoAnn E. Manson; Edward Giovannucci; Julie E. Buring; Nancy R. Cook (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Water Management Practices Used in Potato Production in Idaho - Loy Pehrson; Robert L. Mahler; Edward. J. Bechinski; Cinda Williams (American Journal of Potato Research, 2010)

The Role of the Intestinal Lymphatics in the Absorption of Two Highly Lipophilic Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors (CP524,515 and CP532,623) - Natalie L. Trevaskis; Claire L. McEvoy; Michelle P. McIntosh; Glenn A. Edwards; Ravi M. Shanker; William N. Charman; Christopher J. H. Porter (Pharmaceutical Research, 2010)