A genome-wide association study for colorectal cancer identifies a risk locus in 14q23.1 - Mathieu Lemire; Conghui Qu; Lenora W. M. Loo; Syed H. E. Zaidi; Hansong Wang; Sonja I. Berndt; Stéphane Bézieau; Hermann Brenner; Peter T. Campbell; Andrew T. Chan; Jenny Chang-Claude; Mengmeng Du; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Myocardial Perfusion: Characteristics of Distal Intramyocardial Arteriolar Trees - Mair Zamir; Andrew J. Vercnocke; Phillip K. Edwards; Jill L. Anderson; Steven M. Jorgensen; Erik L. Ritman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015)

Elevated rates of mild cognitive impairment in HIV disease - David P. Sheppard; Jennifer E. Iudicello; Mark W. Bondi; Katie L. Doyle; Erin E. Morgan; Paul J. Massman; Paul E. Gilbert; Steven Paul Woods (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) - Dale Carpenter; Chinhui Hsiang; Xianzhi Jiang; Nelson Osorio; Lbachir BenMohamed; Clinton Jones; Steven L. Wechsler (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

Decreased reactivation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) mutant using the in vivo mouse UV-B model of induced reactivation - Lbachir BenMohamed; Nelson Osorio; Ruchi Srivastava; Arif A. Khan; Jennifer L. Simpson; Steven L. Wechsler (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

Soil processes drive seasonal variation in retention of 15 N tracers in a deciduous forest catchment - Christine L. Goodale; Guinevere Fredriksen; Marissa S. Weiss; Carmody K. McCalley; Jed P. Sparks; Steven A. Thomas (Ecology, 2015)
Seasonal patterns of stream nitrate concentration have long been interpreted as demonstrating the central role of plant uptake in regulating stream nitrogen loss from forested catchments. Soil processes are rarely considered as important drivers of these patterns. We examined seasonal variation in N retention in a deciduous forest using three whole‐ecosystem 15 N tracer additions: in late April (post‐snowmelt, pre‐leaf‐out), late July (mid‐growing‐season), and late October (end of leaf‐fall). We expected that plant 15 N uptake would peak in late spring and midsummer, that immobilization in surface litter and soil would peak the following autumn leaf‐fall, and that leaching losses would vary inversely with 15 N retention. Similar to most other 15 N tracer studies, we found that litter and soils dominated ecosystem retention of added 15 N. However, 15 N recovery in detrital pools varied tremendously by season, with >90% retention in spring and autumn and sharply reduced 15 N retention in late summer. During spring, over half of the 15 N retained in soil occurred within one day in the heavy (mineral‐associated) soil fraction. During summer, a large decrease in 15 N retention one week after addition coincided with increased losses of 15 NO 3 − to soil leachate and seasonal increases in soil and stream NO 3 − concentrations, although leaching accounted for only a small fraction of the lost 15 N ( 15 N into roots did not vary by season and accounted for 15 N movement provide strong evidence for the dominant role of soil processes in regulating seasonal N retention and losses in this catchment and perhaps others with similar soils.

Role of 5-HT2C receptors in effects of monoamine releasers on intracranial self-stimulation in rats - Clayton T. Bauer; Matthew L. Banks; Bruce E. Blough; S. Stevens Negus (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Bottom-Up Factors for Algal Productivity Outweigh No-Fishing Marine Protected Area Effects in a Marginal Coral Reef System - Ben L. Gilby; Paul S. Maxwell; Ian R. Tibbetts; Tim Stevens (Ecosystems, 2015)

Risk factors for endometrial cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: a case control study - Yakir Segev; Barry Rosen; Jan Lubinski; Jacek Gronwald; Henry T. Lynch; Pal Moller; Charmaine Kim-Sing; Parviz Ghadirian; Beth Karlan; Charis Eng; Dawna Gilchrist; Susan L. Neuhausen; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2015)

Decline in Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion body yields with increasing infection cell density in vitro is strongly correlated with viral DNA levels - Hoai T. Huynh; Trinh T. B. Tran; Leslie C. L. Chan; Lars K. Nielsen; Steven Reid (Archives of Virology, 2015)

Quantified, multi-scale X-ray fluorescence element mapping using the Maia detector array: application to mineral deposit studies - Louise A. Fisher; Denis Fougerouse; James S. Cleverley; Christopher G. Ryan; Steven Micklethwaite; Angela Halfpenny; Robert M. Hough; Mary Gee; David Paterson; Daryl L. Howard; Kathryn Spiers (Mineralium Deposita, 2015)

Deletion of Panx3 Prevents the Development of Surgically Induced Osteoarthritis - Paxton M. Moon; Silvia Penuela; Kevin Barr; Sami Khan; Christopher L. Pin; Ian Welch; Mukundan Attur; Steven B. Abramson; Dale W. Laird; Frank Beier (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2015)

Evaluation of a permeable reactive barrier to capture and degrade hydrocarbon contaminants - K. A. Mumford; S. M. Powell; J. L. Rayner; G. Hince; I. Snape; G. W. Stevens (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Central and peripheral markers of neurodegeneration and monocyte activation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders - Jennifer L McGuire; Alexander J Gill; Steven D Douglas; Dennis L Kolson (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

Effects of climate change on the delivery of soil‐mediated ecosystem services within the primary sector in temperate ecosystems: a review and New Zealand case study - Kate H. Orwin; Bryan A. Stevenson; Simeon J. Smaill; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Ian A. Dickie; Brent E. Clothier; Loretta G. Garrett; Tony J. van der Weerden; Michael H. Beare; Denis Curtin; Cecile A. M. de Klein; Michael B. Dodd; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Future human well‐being under climate change depends on the ongoing delivery of food, fibre and wood from the land‐based primary sector. The ability to deliver these provisioning services depends on soil‐based ecosystem services (e.g. carbon, nutrient and water cycling and storage), yet we lack an in‐depth understanding of the likely response of soil‐based ecosystem services to climate change. We review the current knowledge on this topic for temperate ecosystems, focusing on mechanisms that are likely to underpin differences in climate change responses between four primary sector systems: cropping, intensive grazing, extensive grazing and plantation forestry. We then illustrate how our findings can be applied to assess service delivery under climate change in a specific region, using New Zealand as an example system. Differences in the climate change responses of carbon and nutrient‐related services between systems will largely be driven by whether they are reliant on externally added or internally cycled nutrients, the extent to which plant communities could influence responses, and variation in vulnerability to erosion. The ability of soils to regulate water under climate change will mostly be driven by changes in rainfall, but can be influenced by different primary sector systems' vulnerability to soil water repellency and differences in evapotranspiration rates. These changes in regulating services resulted in different potentials for increased biomass production across systems, with intensively managed systems being the most likely to benefit from climate change. Quantitative prediction of net effects of climate change on soil ecosystem services remains a challenge, in part due to knowledge gaps, but also due to the complex interactions between different aspects of climate change. Despite this challenge, it is critical to gain the information required to make such predictions as robust as possible given the fundamental role of soils in supporting human well‐being.

A stochastic movement simulator improves estimates of landscape connectivity - A. Coulon; J. Aben; S. C. F. Palmer; V. M. Stevens; T. Callens; D. Strubbe; L. Lens; E. Matthysen; M. Baguette; J. M. J. Travis (Ecology, 2015)
Conservation actions often focus on restoration or creation of natural areas designed to facilitate the movements of organisms among populations. To be efficient, these actions need to be based on reliable estimates or predictions of landscape connectivity. While circuit theory and least‐cost paths (LCPs) are increasingly being used to estimate connectivity, these methods also have proven limitations. We compared their performance in predicting genetic connectivity with that of an alternative approach based on a simple, individual‐based “stochastic movement simulator” (SMS). SMS predicts dispersal of organisms using the same landscape representation as LCPs and circuit theory‐based estimates (i.e., a cost surface), while relaxing key LCP assumptions, namely individual omniscience of the landscape (by incorporating perceptual range) and the optimality of individual movements (by including stochasticity in simulated movements). The performance of the three estimators was assessed by the degree to which they correlated with genetic estimates of connectivity in two species with contrasting movement abilities (Cabanis's Greenbul, an Afrotropical forest bird species, and natterjack toad, an amphibian restricted to European sandy and heathland areas). For both species, the correlation between dispersal model and genetic data was substantially higher when SMS was used. Importantly, the results also demonstrate that the improvement gained by using SMS is robust both to variation in spatial resolution of the landscape and to uncertainty in the perceptual range model parameter. Integration of this individual‐based approach with other developing methods in the field of connectivity research, such as graph theory, can yield rapid progress towards more robust connectivity indices and more effective recommendations for land management.

Erratum to: Anisotropy and Stress Dependence of Permeability in the Barnett Shale - Athma R. Bhandari; Peter B. Flemings; Peter J. Polito; Michael B. Cronin; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2015)

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Inaugural FDA/PQRI Conference - Lawrence X. Yu; Jeffrey Baker; Susan C. Berlam; Ashley Boam; E. J. Brandreth; Lucinda Buhse; Thomas Cosgrove; David Doleski; Lynne Ensor; Joseph Famulare; Mohan Ganapathy; Gustavo Grampp; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2015)

Fungal specificity and selectivity for algae play a major role in determining lichen partnerships across diverse ecogeographic regions in the lichen‐forming family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) - Steven D. Leavitt; Ekaphan Kraichak; Matthew P. Nelsen; Susanne Altermann; Pradeep K. Divakar; David Alors; Theodore L. Esslinger; Ana Crespo; Thorsten Lumbsch (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Microbial symbionts are instrumental to the ecological and long‐term evolutionary success of their hosts, and the central role of symbiotic interactions is increasingly recognized across the vast majority of life. Lichens provide an iconic group for investigating patterns in species interactions; however, relationships among lichen symbionts are often masked by uncertain species boundaries or an inability to reliably identify symbionts. The species‐rich lichen‐forming fungal family Parmeliaceae provides a diverse group for assessing patterns of interactions of algal symbionts, and our study addresses patterns of lichen symbiont interactions at the largest geographic and taxonomic scales attempted to date. We analysed a total of 2356 algal internal transcribed spacer ( ITS ) region sequences collected from lichens representing ten mycobiont genera in Parmeliaceae, two genera in Lecanoraceae and 26 cultured Trebouxia strains. Algal ITS sequences were grouped into operational taxonomic units ( OTU s); we attempted to validate the evolutionary independence of a subset of the inferred OTU s using chloroplast and mitochondrial loci. We explored the patterns of symbiont interactions in these lichens based on ecogeographic distributions and mycobiont taxonomy. We found high levels of undescribed diversity in Trebouxia , broad distributions across distinct ecoregions for many photobiont OTU s and varying levels of mycobiont selectivity and specificity towards the photobiont. Based on these results, we conclude that fungal specificity and selectivity for algal partners play a major role in determining lichen partnerships, potentially superseding ecology, at least at the ecogeographic scale investigated here. To facilitate effective communication and consistency across future studies, we propose a provisional naming system for Trebouxia photobionts and provide representative sequences for each OTU circumscribed in this study.

Lignin decomposition is sustained under fluctuating redox conditions in humid tropical forest soils - Steven J. Hall; Whendee L. Silver; Vitaliy I. Timokhin; Kenneth E. Hammel (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Lignin mineralization represents a critical flux in the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, yet little is known about mechanisms and environmental factors controlling lignin breakdown in mineral soils. Hypoxia is thought to suppress lignin decomposition, yet potential effects of oxygen (O 2 ) variability in surface soils have not been explored. Here, we tested the impact of redox fluctuations on lignin breakdown in humid tropical forest soils during ten‐week laboratory incubations. We used synthetic lignins labeled with 13 C in either of two positions (aromatic methoxyl or propyl side chain C β ) to provide highly sensitive and specific measures of lignin mineralization seldom employed in soils. Four‐day redox fluctuations increased the percent contribution of methoxyl C to soil respiration relative to static aerobic conditions, and cumulative methoxyl‐C mineralization was statistically equivalent under static aerobic and fluctuating redox conditions despite lower soil respiration in the latter treatment. Contributions of the less labile lignin C β to soil respiration were equivalent in the static aerobic and fluctuating redox treatments during periods of O 2 exposure, and tended to decline during periods of O 2 limitation, resulting in lower cumulative C β mineralization in the fluctuating treatment relative to the static aerobic treatment. However, cumulative mineralization of both the C β ‐ and methoxyl‐labeled lignins nearly doubled in the fluctuating treatment relative to the static aerobic treatment when total lignin mineralization was normalized to total O 2 exposure. Oxygen fluctuations are thought to be suboptimal for canonical lignin‐degrading microorganisms. However, O 2 fluctuations drove substantial Fe reduction and oxidation, and reactive oxygen species generated during abiotic Fe oxidation might explain the elevated contribution of lignin to C mineralization. Iron redox cycling provides a potential mechanism for lignin depletion in soil organic matter. Couplings between soil moisture, redox fluctuations, and lignin breakdown provide a potential link between climate variability and the biochemical composition of soil organic matter.

Anisotropy and Stress Dependence of Permeability in the Barnett Shale - Athma R. Bhandari; Peter B. Flemings; Peter J. Polito; Michael B. Cronin; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2015)

Iron-Induced Necrotic Brain Cell Death in Rats with Different Aerobic Capacity - Mingzhe Zheng; Hanjian Du; Wei Ni; Lauren G. Koch; Steven L. Britton; Richard F. Keep; Guohua Xi; Ya Hua (Translational Stroke Research, 2015)

Nitrogen uptake dynamics in landfast sea ice of the Chukchi Sea - Steven E. Baer; Tara L. Connelly; Deborah A. Bronk (Polar Biology, 2015)

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous telavancin in healthy subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment - Philip D. Worboys; Shekman L. Wong; Steven L. Barriere (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015)

Erratum to: Widespread prevalence of cryptic Symbiodinium D in the key Caribbean reef builder, Orbicella annularis - Emma V. Kennedy; Nicola L. Foster; Peter J. Mumby; Jamie R. Stevens (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Widespread prevalence of cryptic Symbiodinium D in the key Caribbean reef builder, Orbicella annularis - Emma V. Kennedy; Nicola L. Foster; Peter J. Mumby; Jamie R. Stevens (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide - Carly J. Stevens; Eric M. Lind; Yann Hautier; W. Stanley Harpole; Elizabeth T. Borer; Sarah Hobbie; Eric W. Seabloom; Laura Ladwig; Jonathan D. Bakker; Chengjin Chu; Scott Collins; Kendi F. Davies; et al. (Ecology, 2015)
Humans dominate many important Earth system processes including the nitrogen (N) cycle. Atmospheric N deposition affects fundamental processes such as carbon cycling, climate regulation, and biodiversity, and could result in changes to fundamental Earth system processes such as primary production. Both modelling and experimentation have suggested a role for anthropogenically altered N deposition in increasing productivity, nevertheless, current understanding of the relative strength of N deposition with respect to other controls on production such as edaphic conditions and climate is limited. Here we use an international multiscale data set to show that atmospheric N deposition is positively correlated to aboveground net primary production (ANPP) observed at the 1‐m 2 level across a wide range of herbaceous ecosystems. N deposition was a better predictor than climatic drivers and local soil conditions, explaining 16% of observed variation in ANPP globally with an increase of 1 kg N·ha −1 ·yr −1 increasing ANPP by 3%. Soil pH explained 8% of observed variation in ANPP while climatic drivers showed no significant relationship. Our results illustrate that the incorporation of global N deposition patterns in Earth system models are likely to substantially improve estimates of primary production in herbaceous systems. In herbaceous systems across the world, humans appear to be partially driving local ANPP through impacts on the N cycle.

New QTL alleles for quality-related traits in spring wheat revealed by RIL population derived from supernumerary × non-supernumerary spikelet genotypes - Morgan Echeverry-Solarte; Ajay Kumar; Shahryar Kianian; Senay Simsek; Mohammed S. Alamri; Eder E. Mantovani; Phillip E. McClean; Edward L. Deckard; Elias Elias; Blaine Schatz; Steven S. Xu; Mohamed Mergoum (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)

Erratum to: Behavioral economics of food reinforcement and the effects of prefeeding, extinction, and eticlopride in dopamine D2 receptor mutant mice - Paul L. Soto; David K. Grandy; Steven R. Hursh; Jonathan L. Katz (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

High glucose enhances store-operated calcium entry by upregulating ORAI/STIM via calcineurin-NFAT signalling - Nikoleta Daskoulidou; Bo Zeng; Lisa M. Berglund; Hongni Jiang; Gui-Lan Chen; Olga Kotova; Sunil Bhandari; James Ayoola; Steven Griffin; Stephen L. Atkin; Maria F. Gomez; Shang-Zhong Xu (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2015)

Toxicity reference values for chlorophacinone and their application for assessing anticoagulant rodenticide risk to raptors - Barnett A. Rattner; Katherine E. Horak; Rebecca S. Lazarus; Sandra L. Schultz; Susan Knowles; Benjamin G. Abbo; Steven F. Volker (Ecotoxicology, 2015)

The Lhx9 homeobox gene controls pineal gland development and prevents postnatal hydrocephalus - Fumiyoshi Yamazaki; Morten Møller; Cong Fu; Samuel J. Clokie; Artem Zykovich; Steven L. Coon; David C. Klein; Martin F. Rath (Brain Structure and Function, 2015)

Sediment Bioaccumulation Test with Lumbriculus variegatus: Effects of Feeding - Lawrence P. Burkhard; Dylan Hubin-Barrows; Nanditha Billa; Terry L. Highland; James R. Hockett; David R. Mount; Teresa J. Norberg-King; Steven Hawthorne; David J. Miller; Carol B. Grabanski (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2015)

Mitochondrial biogenesis-associated factors underlie the magnitude of response to aerobic endurance training in rats - Orsolya Marton; Erika Koltai; Masaki Takeda; Lauren Gerard Koch; Steven L. Britton; Kelvin J. A. Davies; Istvan Boldogh; Zsolt Radak (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2015)

Ecosystem Consequences of Changing Inputs of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter to Lakes: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges - Christopher T. Solomon; Stuart E. Jones; Brian C. Weidel; Ishi Buffam; Megan L. Fork; Jan Karlsson; Søren Larsen; Jay T. Lennon; Jordan S. Read; Steven Sadro; Jasmine E. Saros (Ecosystems, 2015)

Population structure and gene flow in the endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) across a fragmented landscape - You Li; Melanie L. Lancaster; Steven J. B. Cooper; Andrea C. Taylor; Susan M. Carthew (Conservation Genetics, 2015)

A herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant disrupted for microRNA H2 with increased neurovirulence and rate of reactivation - Xianzhi Jiang; Don Brown; Nelson Osorio; Chinhui Hsiang; Lily Li; Lucas Chan; Lbachir BenMohamed; Steven L. Wechsler (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

Dedicated beach surveys along the central Washington coast reveal a high proportion of unreported marine mammal strandings - Jessica L. Huggins; Josh Oliver; Dyanna M. Lambourn; John Calambokidis; Bethany Diehl; Steven Jeffries (Marine Mammal Science, 2015)

Identification and mapping of Sr46 from Aegilops tauschii accession CIae 25 conferring resistance to race TTKSK (Ug99) of wheat stem rust pathogen - Guotai Yu; Qijun Zhang; Timothy L. Friesen; Matthew N. Rouse; Yue Jin; Shaobin Zhong; Jack B. Rasmussen; Evans S. Lagudah; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)

Modulation of hand aperture during reaching in persons with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury - Victoria A. Stahl; Heather B. Hayes; Cathrin M. Buetefisch; Steven L. Wolf; Randy D. Trumbower (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Parental genome contribution in maize DH lines derived from six backcross populations using genotyping by sequencing - Veronica Ogugo; Kassa Semagn; Yoseph Beyene; Steven Runo; Michael Olsen; Marilyn L. Warburton (Euphytica, 2015)

Life in the Main Channel: Long-Term Hydrologic Control of Microbial Mat Abundance in McMurdo Dry Valley Streams, Antarctica - Tyler J. Kohler; Lee F. Stanish; Steven W. Crisp; Joshua C. Koch; Daniel Liptzin; Jenny L. Baeseman; Diane M. McKnight (Ecosystems, 2015)

Smooth brome changes gross soil nitrogen cycling processes during invasion of a rough fescue grassland - Candace L. Piper; Eric G. Lamb; Steven D. Siciliano (Plant Ecology, 2015)

Drift-diffusion simulation of the ephaptic effect in the triad synapse of the retina - Carl L. Gardner; Jeremiah R. Jones; Steven M. Baer; Sharon M. Crook (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2015)

The importance of environmental variables for submerged macrophyte community assemblage and coverage in shallow lakes: differences between northern and southern Europe - Torben L. Lauridsen; Erik Jeppesen; Steven A. J. Declerck; Luc De Meester; Jose M. Conde-Porcuna; Wouter Rommens; Sandra Brucet (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Effects of enamel matrix genes on dental caries are moderated by fluoride exposures - John R. Shaffer; Jenna C. Carlson; Brooklyn O. C. Stanley; Eleanor Feingold; Margaret Cooper; Michael M. Vanyukov; Brion S. Maher; Rebecca L. Slayton; Marcia C. Willing; Steven E. Reis; Daniel W. McNeil; Richard J. Crout; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Ecological Value of Submerged Breakwaters for Habitat Enhancement on a Residential Scale - Steven B. Scyphers; Sean P. Powers; Kenneth L. Heck (Environmental Management, 2015)

Coexistence of the endangered, endemic Chittenango ovate amber snail (Novisuccinea chittenangoensis) and a non-native competitor - Steven P. Campbell; Jacqueline L. Frair; James P. Gibbs; Rebecca J. Rundell (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Down-regulation of gibberellic acid in poplar has negligible effects on host-plant suitability and insect pest response - Christine Buhl; Steven H. Strauss; Richard L. Lindroth (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2015)

Validity and reliability of critical power field testing - B. Karsten; S. A. Jobson; J. Hopker; L. Stevens; C. Beedie (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Circadian clock genes and risk of fatal prostate cancer - Sarah C. Markt; Unnur A. Valdimarsdottir; Irene M. Shui; Lara G. Sigurdardottir; Jennifer R. Rider; Rulla M. Tamimi; Julie L. Batista; Sebastien Haneuse; Erin Flynn-Evans; Steven W. Lockley; Charles A. Czeisler; Meir J. Stampfer; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Robo4 vaccines induce antibodies that retard tumor growth - Xiaodong Zhuang; Forhad Ahmed; Yang Zhang; Henry J. Ferguson; Jane C. Steele; Neil M. Steven; Zsuzsanna Nagy; Victoria L. Heath; Kai-Michael Toellner; Roy Bicknell (Angiogenesis, 2015)

Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide - Suzanne M. Prober; Jonathan W. Leff; Scott T. Bates; Elizabeth T. Borer; Jennifer Firn; W. Stanley Harpole; Eric M. Lind; Eric W. Seabloom; Peter B. Adler; Jonathan D. Bakker; Elsa E. Cleland; Nicole M. DeCrappeo; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2015)
Aboveground–belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty‐five 1 m 2 plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.

Ocean acidification through the lens of ecological theory - Brian Gaylord; Kristy J. Kroeker; Jennifer M. Sunday; Kathryn M. Anderson; James P. Barry; Norah E. Brown; Sean D Connell; Sam Dupont; Katharina E. Fabricius; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Terrie Klinger; Marco Milazzo; et al. (Ecology, 2015)
Ocean acidification, chemical changes to the carbonate system of seawater, is emerging as a key environmental challenge accompanying global warming and other human‐induced perturbations. Considerable research seeks to define the scope and character of potential outcomes from this phenomenon, but a crucial impediment persists. Ecological theory, despite its power and utility, has been only peripherally applied to the problem. Here we sketch in broad strokes several areas where fundamental principles of ecology have the capacity to generate insight into ocean acidification's consequences. We focus on conceptual models that, when considered in the context of acidification, yield explicit predictions regarding a spectrum of population‐ and community‐level effects, from narrowing of species ranges and shifts in patterns of demographic connectivity, to modified consumer–resource relationships, to ascendance of weedy taxa and loss of species diversity. Although our coverage represents only a small fraction of the breadth of possible insights achievable from the application of theory, our hope is that this initial foray will spur expanded efforts to blend experiments with theoretical approaches. The result promises to be a deeper and more nuanced understanding of ocean acidification and the ecological changes it portends.

White matter abnormalities in adolescents with major depressive disorder - Katie L. Bessette; Andrea M. Nave; Arvind Caprihan; Michael C. Stevens (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Persistent neurocognitive decline in a clinic sample of hepatitis C virus-infected persons receiving interferon and ribavirin treatment - Jordan E. Cattie; Scott L. Letendre; Steven Paul Woods; Fatma Barakat; William Perry; Mariana Cherner; Anya Umlauf; Donald Franklin; Robert K. Heaton; Tarek Hassanein; Igor Grant (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

High prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency in prostate cancers diagnosed in mismatch repair gene mutation carriers from the colon cancer family registry - Christophe Rosty; Michael D. Walsh; Noralane M. Lindor; Stephen N. Thibodeau; Erin Mundt; Steven Gallinger; Melyssa Aronson; Aaron Pollett; John A. Baron; Sally Pearson; Mark Clendenning; Rhiannon J. Walters; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2014)

Planktonic larval mortality rates are lower than widely expected - J. Wilson White; Steven G. Morgan; Jennifer L. Fisher (Ecology, 2014)
Fundamental knowledge of mortality during the planktonic phase of the typical marine life cycle is essential to understanding population dynamics and managing marine resources. However, estimating larval mortality is extremely challenging, because the fate of microscopic larvae cannot be tracked as they develop for weeks in ocean currents. We used a two‐pronged approach to provide reliable estimates of larval mortality: (1) frequent, long‐term sampling where the combination of larval behaviors and recirculation greatly reduces larval transport to and from the study area, and (2) an improved method of calculating larval mortality that consists of a vertical life table with a negative binomial distribution to account for the notorious patchiness of plankton. Larval mortality rates of our study species (barnacles and crabs) were ≤0.14 larvae/d, which produce survivorships over an order of magnitude higher than commonly determined for marine larvae. These estimates are reliable because they were similar for species with similar dispersal patterns. They are conservative because they were conducted in a highly advective upwelling system, and they may be even lower in other systems using our approach. Until other systems can be tested, our improved estimates should be used to inform future models of population dynamics and the evolution of life histories in the sea.

Comment on Bachmann et al. (2013): A nonrepresentative sample cannot describe the extent of cultural eutrophication of natural lakes in the United States - Cory P. McDonald; Noah R. Lottig; John L. Stoddard; Alan T. Herlihy; Sarah Lehmann; Steven G. Paulsen; David V. Peck; Amina I. Pollard; R. Jan Stevenson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)

3-Dimensional histological reconstruction and imaging of the murine pancreas - Steven L. Ciciotte; Mark Lessard; Ellen C. Akeson; Elizabeth Cameron; Timothy M. Stearns; James M. Denegre; Jesus Ruberte; Karen L. Svenson (Mammalian Genome, 2014)

Comparing spatial and temporal changes in metal trends (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) on the Portuguese shelf since the 1970s - Mário Mil-Homens; Rodney L. Stevens; Ingemar Cato; Fátima Abrantes (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

Multi-tissue analyses reveal limited inter-annual and seasonal variation in mercury exposure in an Antarctic penguin community - Rebecka L. Brasso; Michael J. Polito; Steven D. Emslie (Ecotoxicology, 2014)

Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of rangelands in the United States - Matthew C. Reeves; Adam L. Moreno; Karen E. Bagne; Steven W. Running (Climatic Change, 2014)

A history of alcohol dependence augments HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits in persons aged 60 and older - Assawin Gongvatana; Erin E. Morgan; Jennifer E. Iudicello; Scott L. Letendre; Igor Grant; Steven Paul Woods (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

Investigation of Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Resistance and Aerosol Dispersion Timing on Emitted Aerosol Aerodynamic Particle Sizing by Multistage Cascade Impactor when Sampled Volume Is Reduced from Compendial Value of 4 L - Hlack Mohammed; Jan Arp; Frank Chambers; Mark Copley; Volker Glaab; Mark Hammond; Derek Solomon; Kerry Bradford; Theresa Russell; Yvonne Sizer; Steven C. Nichols; Daryl L. Roberts; et al. (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2014)

Breaking the enzymatic latch: impacts of reducing conditions on hydrolytic enzyme activity in tropical forest soils - Steven J. Hall; Jonathan Treffkorn; Whendee L. Silver (Ecology, 2014)
The enzymatic latch hypothesis proposes that oxygen (O 2 ) limitation promotes wetland carbon (C) storage by indirectly decreasing the activities of hydrolytic enzymes that decompose organic matter. Humid tropical forest soils are often characterized by low and fluctuating redox conditions and harbor a large pool of organic matter, yet they also have the fastest decomposition rates globally. We tested the enzymatic latch hypothesis across a soil O 2 gradient in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, USA. Enzyme activities expressed on a soil mass basis did not systematically decline across a landscape O 2 gradient, nor did phenolics accumulate, the proposed mechanism of the enzymatic latch. Normalizing enzyme activities by C concentrations did suggest a decline in several enzymes as mean soil O 2 decreased. However, relationships between hydrolytic enzymes and reducing conditions were scale‐dependent: enzymes displayed neutral to strongly positive relationships with reducing conditions and phenolics when comparing samples within sites, and enzyme activities in 18‐d anaerobic incubations generally exceeded those in aerobic soils despite a fourfold increase in phenolics. In summary, although O 2 availability and the activities of some enzymes appeared to be related at landscape scales after accounting for differences in organic matter, reducing conditions and phenolic compounds did not appear to constrain soil hydrolytic enzyme activity at the scale of soil microsites, challenging the enzymatic latch hypothesis. Hydrolytic enzymes can be resilient to periodic anaerobiosis and may actually stimulate O 2 consumption at the microsite scale. We suggest a critical re‐examination of mechanisms and the scale dependence of couplings between O 2 and decomposition in terrestrial soils.

Moving Beyond Science to Protect a Mammalian Migration Corridor - JOEL BERGER; STEVEN L. CAIN (Conservation Biology, 2014)
As the discipline of conservation biology evolves and practitioners grow increasingly concerned about how to put results into achievable conservation, it is still unclear the extent to which science drives conservation outcomes, especially across rural landscapes. We addressed this issue by examining the role of science in the protection of a biological corridor. Our focus is on a North American endemic mammal reliant on long distance migration as an adaptive strategy, the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) of the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The role of science in realizing policy change, while critical as a first step, was surprisingly small relative to the role of other human dimensions. In a case study, we strategically addressed a variety of conservation needs beyond science, first by building a partnership between government and private interests and then by enhancing interest in migratory phenomena across a landscape with divergent political ideologies and economic bases. By developing awareness and even people's pride in the concept of corridor conservation, we achieved local, state, and federal acceptance for protection of a 70 km long, 2 km wide pathway for the longest terrestrial migrant in the contiguous United States. Key steps included conducting and publishing research that defined the migration corridor; fostering a variety of media coverage at local, regional, and national levels; conducting public outreach through stakeholder workshops, meetings, and presentations; and meeting with and gaining the support of elected officials. All these contributed to the eventual policy change that created the first federally protected migration corridor in the United States, which in turn stimulated additional conservation actions. On the basis of our experience, we believe conservation scientists can and should step beyond traditional research roles to assist with on‐the‐ground conservation by engaging in aspects of conservation that involve local communities and public policy. Ir Más Allá de la Ciencia para Proteger un Corredor Migratorio de Mamíferos

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) for Control of Black Spot Formation in Chilled Prawns - Steven L. Slattery; Paul J. Palmer (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2014)

Improved hydrograph prediction through subsurface characterization: conditional stochastic hillslope simulations - Steven B. Meyerhoff; Reed M. Maxwell; Wendy D. Graham; John L. Williams (Hydrogeology Journal, 2014)

Transport of Crustacean Larvae Between a Low-Inflow Estuary and Coastal Waters - Steven G. Morgan; Jennifer L. Fisher; Skyli T. McAfee; John L. Largier; Seth H. Miller; Megan M. Sheridan; Joseph E. Neigel (Estuaries and Coasts, 2014)

A study on relationships between large‐scale climate indices and estimates of N orth P acific albacore tuna productivity - Zane Zhang; John Holmes; Steven L. H. Teo (Fisheries Oceanography, 2014)
A logistic production model was used to examine potential relationships between three climate indices, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ( NPGO ), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO ), and the Multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Index ( MEI ), and productivity estimates of the North Pacific albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ) population. Catch and standardized catch‐per‐unit‐effort data from three longline fisheries (Japan, US , and Taiwan) were used in the model. The climate indices were incorporated into the model by correlating time‐varying intrinsic population growth rate ( r y ) of the production model with the annual mean value for each index. The estimated probability that the NPGO is positively correlated with stock productivity, as measured by r y , was 0.99, and the calculated probability that MEI is negatively correlated with the productivity was 0.95. The time lag for these correlations is 4 yr, which is consistent with the timing of recruitment to the Japan longline fishery. The PDO did not seem to have any detectable relationship with stock productivity. However, it remains uncertain if there is a conclusive linkage between the albacore productivity and the NPGO or the MEI index, because model fit to the data is about the same as that of a base model which does not use any climate index and assumes a time‐invariant r .

Spatially explicit structural equation modeling - Eric G. Lamb; Kerrie L. Mengersen; Katherine J. Stewart; Udayanga Attanayake; Steven D. Siciliano (Ecology, 2014)
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a powerful statistical approach for the testing of networks of direct and indirect theoretical causal relationships in complex data sets with intercorrelated dependent and independent variables. SEM is commonly applied in ecology, but the spatial information commonly found in ecological data remains difficult to model in a SEM framework. Here we propose a simple method for spatially explicit SEM (SE‐SEM) based on the analysis of variance/covariance matrices calculated across a range of lag distances. This method provides readily interpretable plots of the change in path coefficients across scale and can be implemented using any standard SEM software package. We demonstrate the application of this method using three studies examining the relationships between environmental factors, plant community structure, nitrogen fixation, and plant competition. By design, these data sets had a spatial component, but were previously analyzed using standard SEM models. Using these data sets, we demonstrate the application of SE‐SEM to regularly spaced, irregularly spaced, and ad hoc spatial sampling designs and discuss the increased inferential capability of this approach compared with standard SEM. We provide an R package, sesem, to easily implement spatial structural equation modeling.

Early Diagnosis of Orthopedic Implant Failure Using Macromolecular Imaging Agents - Ke Ren; Anand Dusad; Yijia Zhang; P. Edward Purdue; Edward V. Fehringer; Kevin L. Garvin; Steven R. Goldring; Dong Wang (Pharmaceutical Research, 2014)

Movements, habitat use, and population characteristics of adult Pacific lamprey in a coastal river - Steven J. Starcevich; Stephanie L. Gunckel; Steven E. Jacobs (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2014)

Identifying and engineering promoters for high level and sustainable therapeutic recombinant protein production in cultured mammalian cells - Steven C. L. Ho; Yuansheng Yang (Biotechnology Letters, 2014)

Long‐term effects of stock transfers: synergistic introgression of allochthonous genomes in salmonids - J. L. Horreo; G. Machado‐Schiaffino; A. M. Griffiths; D. Bright; J. R. Stevens; E. Garcia‐Vazquez (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
The genus Salmo was employed as a model to study introgression of genes between species due to secondary contacts. Seven microsatellite loci, the LDH‐C1 * locus and the 5S ribosomal DNA were studied. Results showed the mutually enhanced introgression of allochthonous genomes into southern European salmonids. This phenomenon appears to go beyond a simple consequence of the altered behaviour of domestic individuals. Invasions of autochthonous genomes by allochthonous genes would be enhanced by human activities such as stock transfers, which would simultaneously promote allochthonous and allospecific (from other species) introgressions in a synergistic process in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta . As a minor result, the data do not support the value of the microsatellite locus SsaD486 as a species‐specific marker.

High-resolution X-Band radar measurements of currents, bathymetry and sea state in highly inhomogeneous coastal areas - Katrin Hessner; Konstanze Reichert; Jose Carlos Nieto Borge; Craig L. Stevens; Murray J. Smith (Ocean Dynamics, 2014)

The water impacts of climate change mitigation measures - Philip J. Wallis; Michael B. Ward; Jamie Pittock; Karen Hussey; Howard Bamsey; Amandine Denis; Steven J. Kenway; Carey W. King; Shahbaz Mushtaq; Monique L. Retamal; Brian R. Spies (Climatic Change, 2014)

Visual scoring of eggshell patterns has poor repeatability - Kaat Brulez; Pankaj K. Choudhary; Golo Maurer; Steven J. Portugal; Rebecca L. Boulton; Simone L. Webber; Phillip Cassey (Journal of Ornithology, 2014)

Phosphorylation of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein in vivo - Bong-Suk Kim; Edward L. Halk; Donald J. Merlo; Steven E. Nelson; L. Sue Loesch-Fries (Archives of Virology, 2014)

Numerical simulations of larval transport into a rip‐channeled surf zone - Atsushi G. Fujimura; Ad J. H. M. Reniers; Claire B. Paris; Alan L. Shanks; Jamie H. MacMahan; Steven G. Morgan (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
Competent larvae of intertidal invertebrates have to migrate toward shore for settlement; however, their migration through the surf zone is not understood. We investigated larval transport mechanisms at a rip‐channeled beach. Because tracking larvae in the surf zone is infeasible, we used a three‐dimensional biophysical model to simulate the processes. The coupled model consists of a physical module for currents and waves, and a biological module for adding larval traits and behaviors as well as Stokes drift to Lagrangian particles. Model calculations were performed with and without onshore wind forcing. Without wind, wave‐driven onshore streaming occurs in the bottom boundary layer outside the surf zone. With onshore wind, onshore currents occur near the surface. In the surf zone, offshore‐directed rip currents and compensating onshore‐directed currents over shoals are formed in both no‐wind and wind cases. In the biological module, neutral, negative, and positive buoyant particles were released offshore. Additionally, particles either sank in the presence of turbulence or not. Two scenarios achieved successful onshore migration: Negatively buoyant larvae without wind forcing sink in the turbulent bottom boundary layer and are carried onshore by streaming; positively buoyant larvae drift toward shore in wind‐driven surface currents to the surf zone, then sink in the turbulent surf zone and remain near the bottom while transported shoreward. In both cases, the larval concentration is highest in the rip channel, consistent with field data. This successful result is only obtained if turbulence‐dependent sinking behavior and Stokes drift are included in the transport of larvae.

Anthropogenic‐based regional‐scale factors most consistently explain plot‐level exotic diversity in grasslands - Andrew S. MacDougall; Joseph R. Bennett; Jennifer Firn; Eric W. Seabloom; Elizabeth T. Borer; Eric M. Lind; John L. Orrock; W. Stanley Harpole; Yann Hautier; Peter B. Adler; Elsa Cleland; Kendi Davies; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim Evidence linking the accumulation of exotic species to the suppression of native diversity is equivocal, often relying on data from studies that have used different methods. Plot‐level studies often attribute inverse relationships between native and exotic diversity to competition, but regional abiotic filters, including anthropogenic influences, can produce similar patterns. We seek to test these alternatives using identical scale‐dependent sampling protocols in multiple grasslands on two continents. Location Thirty‐two grassland sites in N orth A merica and A ustralia. Methods We use multiscale observational data, collected identically in grain and extent at each site, to test the association of local and regional factors with the plot‐level richness and abundance of native and exotic plants. Sites captured environmental and anthropogenic gradients including land‐use intensity, human population density, light and soil resources, climate and elevation. Site selection occurred independently of exotic diversity, meaning that the numbers of exotic species varied randomly thereby reducing potential biases if only highly invaded sites were chosen. Results Regional factors associated directly or indirectly with human activity had the strongest associations with plot‐level diversity. These regional drivers had divergent effects: urban‐based economic activity was associated with high exotic : native diversity ratios; climate‐ and landscape‐based indicators of lower human population density were associated with low exotic : native ratios. Negative correlations between plot‐level native and exotic diversity, a potential signature of competitive interactions, were not prevalent; this result did not change along gradients of productivity or heterogeneity. Main conclusion We show that plot‐level diversity of native and exotic plants are more consistently associated with regional‐scale factors relating to urbanization and climate suitability than measures indicative of competition. These findings clarify the long‐standing difficulty in resolving drivers of exotic diversity using single‐factor mechanisms, suggesting that multiple interacting anthropogenic‐based processes best explain the accumulation of exotic diversity in modern landscapes.

The effect of chronic amphetamine treatment on cocaine-induced facilitation of intracranial self-stimulation in rats - Clayton T. Bauer; Matthew L. Banks; S. Stevens Negus (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Loss of P2X7 nucleotide receptor function leads to abnormal fat distribution in mice - Kim L. Beaucage; Andrew Xiao; Steven I. Pollmann; Matthew W. Grol; Ryan J. Beach; David W. Holdsworth; Stephen M. Sims; Mark R. Darling; S. Jeffrey Dixon (Purinergic Signalling, 2014)

Natural dispersal to sub-Antarctic Marion Island of two arthropod species - Jennifer E. Lee; Aleks Terauds; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2014)

Attracted to the enemy: Aedes aegypti prefers oviposition sites with predator-killed conspecifics - Daniel Albeny-Simões; Ebony G. Murrell; Simon L. Elliot; Mateus R. Andrade; Eraldo Lima; Steven A. Juliano; Evaldo F. Vilela (Oecologia, 2014)

Performance-based design methodologies for geotechnical earthquake engineering - Steven L. Kramer (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2014)

The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data - Paul M. Thompson; Jason L. Stein; Sarah E. Medland; Derrek P. Hibar; Alejandro Arias Vasquez; Miguel E. Renteria; Roberto Toro; Neda Jahanshad; Gunter Schumann; Barbara Franke; Margaret J. Wright; Nicholas G. Martin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Genetic analysis of quantitative phenotypes in AD and MCI: imaging, cognition and biomarkers - Li Shen; Paul M. Thompson; Steven G. Potkin; Lars Bertram; Lindsay A. Farrer; Tatiana M. Foroud; Robert C. Green; Xiaolan Hu; Matthew J. Huentelman; Sungeun Kim; John S. K. Kauwe; Qingqin Li; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

An active lifestyle is associated with better neurocognitive functioning in adults living with HIV infection - Pariya L. Fazeli; Steven Paul Woods; Robert K. Heaton; Anya Umlauf; Ben Gouaux; Debra Rosario; Raeanne C. Moore; Igor Grant; David J. Moore (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

Development of 16 microsatellite loci for the endangered sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila) - Amanda L. McLean; Steven J. B. Cooper; Melanie L. Lancaster; Susan M. Carthew (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2014)

Best Practices for the Development, Scale-up, and Post-approval Change Control of IR and MR Dosage Forms in the Current Quality-by-Design Paradigm - Glenn A. Van Buskirk; Satish Asotra; Christopher Balducci; Prabir Basu; Gerald DiDonato; Angelica Dorantes; W. Mark Eickhoff; Tapash Ghosh; Mario A. González; Theresa Henry; Matthew Howard; Jason Kamm; et al. (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2014)

Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA - Madalene A. Earp; Linda E. Kelemen; Anthony M. Magliocco; Kenneth D. Swenerton; Georgia Chenevix-Trench; Yi Lu; Alexander Hein; Arif B. Ekici; Matthias W. Beckmann; Peter A. Fasching; Diether Lambrechts; Evelyn Despierre; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

The interplay between Epstein–Barr virus and B lymphocytes: implications for infection, immunity, and disease - Olivia L. Hatton; Aleishia Harris-Arnold; Steven Schaffert; Sheri M. Krams; Olivia M. Martinez (Immunologic Research, 2014)

Differential remineralization of major and trace elements in sinking diatoms - Benjamin S. Twining; Scott D. Nodder; Andrew L. King; David A. Hutchins; Gary R. LeCleir; Jennifer M. DeBruyn; Elizabeth W. Maas; Stefan Vogt; Steven W. Wilhelm; Philip W. Boyd (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
Macronutrients in sinking phytoplankton are typically remineralized at different rates, but less is known about the fate of micronutrient metals associated with sinking cells. Scavenging, the presence of co‐occurring abiotic particles, and inadvertent contamination limit the utility of bulk analytical approaches to study remineralization of trace metals in sinking phytoplankton. We used synchrotron x‐ray fluorescence mapping to measure macronutrients (P, S, and Si) and trace metals (Fe, Ni, and Zn) in individual cells of the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis during a spring bloom in subtropical waters off New Zealand. P, S, Zn, and Ni were released significantly faster than Fe and Si from sinking cells in the upper 200 m. Bulk particulate element fluxes to sediment traps indicated similar trends, but biogenic silica flux was attenuated much faster than Si was lost from intact sinking cells collected in the traps. The metals were spatially co‐located with P and S in upper ocean cells, but this association with P and S (based on a spatial resolution of 450 nm) was largely absent in sinking cells. In contrast, Fe retained a weak spatial association with Si, suggesting that remineralized Fe may be re‐scavenged onto cell surfaces. As a result, dissolved Fe : macronutrient stoichiometries in the water column likely underestimate stoichiometries in sinking cells. We propose linkages between the selective loss of diatom cellular components (e.g., ribosomes or phospholipid membranes, Zn‐finger proteins, and urease) and the observed recycling of specific elements (P, Zn, and Ni, respectively), which set the stoichiometry of macro‐ and micronutrient supply to surface waters.

Distribution patterns of P acific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) in relation to environmental variables along the continental shelf waters of the US W est C oast and southern B ritish C olumbia - Lauri L. Sadorus; Nathan J. Mantua; Timothy Essington; Barbara Hickey; Steven Hare (Fisheries Oceanography, 2014)
Knowing how P acific halibut ( H ippoglossus stenolepis ) distribute in relation to ocean conditions is of primary importance to halibut managers, as they are tasked with estimating stock size and designing effective monitoring programs amidst a changing climate. This research examined near‐bottom environmental data alongside halibut survey catch data for the years 2006–2009 on the continental shelf of O regon, W ashington, and southern B ritish C olumbia. The objectives of the research were to: (1) characterize summer environmental conditions and halibut distribution; (2) explore ranges and possible tolerance thresholds for halibut in relation to temperature, dissolved oxygen ( DO ), salinity, and pH ; and (3) identify the primary environmental factors affecting distribution of halibut and model the observed relationships. Seasonal hypoxia is an annual feature of the study area and results suggest halibut exhibited an apparent DO minimum threshold of 0.9 mL L −1 . Ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis indicated that depth, temperature, and DO were significant variables in predicting halibut distribution, whereas salinity and bottom type were not. Ambiguity in model results led to the use of two additional analytical methods, geographically weighted regression ( GWR ) and tree regression, to examine regional variation and the overarching structure of halibut distribution. The three models yielded similar results indicating the importance of DO and temperature as variables describing structure. The GWR model yielded the best fit of the three when using DO as a predictor variable, indicating that regional variation is a factor. These results suggest that low, but above‐threshold, DO may be contributing to catchability differences in the survey.

Development and characterization of wheat lines carrying stem rust resistance gene Sr43 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum - Z. Niu; D. L. Klindworth; G. Yu; T. L Friesen; S. Chao; Y. Jin; X. Cai; J.-B. Ohm; J. B. Rasmussen; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2014)

Chemosensory and thermal cue responses in the sub-Antarctic moth Pringleophaga marioni: Do caterpillars choose Wandering Albatross nest proxies? - Tanya M. Haupt; Brent J. Sinclair; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2014)

Spatial quick-clay predictions using multi-criteria evaluation in SW Sweden - M. A. Persson; R. L. Stevens; Å. Lemoine (Landslides, 2014)

How do researchers manage genetic results in practice? The experience of the multinational Colon Cancer Family Registry - Louise A. Keogh; Douglass Fisher; Sherri Sheinfeld Gorin; Sheri D. Schully; Jan T. Lowery; Dennis J. Ahnen; Judith A. Maskiell; Noralane M. Lindor; John L. Hopper; Terrilea Burnett; Spring Holter; Julie L. Arnold; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2014)

Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris - Jun-Ce Tian; Xiang-Ping Wang; Li-Ping Long; Jörg Romeis; Steven E. Naranjo; Richard L. Hellmich; Anthony M. Shelton (Transgenic Research, 2014)

Quantifying invasion resistance: the use of recruitment functions to control for propagule pressure - Alice L. Miller; Jeffrey M. Diez; Jon J. Sullivan; Steven R. Wangen; Susan K. Wiser; Ross Meffin; Richard P. Duncan (Ecology, 2014)
Invasive species distributions tend to be biased towards some habitats compared to others due to the combined effects of habitat‐specific resistance to invasion and non‐uniform propagule pressure. These two factors may also interact, with habitat resistance varying as a function of propagule supply rate. Recruitment experiments, in which the number of individuals recruiting into a population is measured under different propagule supply rates, can help us understand these interactions and quantify habitat resistance to invasion while controlling for variation in propagule supply rate. Here, we constructed recruitment functions for the invasive herb Hieracium lepidulum by sowing seeds at five different densities into six different habitat types in New Zealand's Southern Alps repeated over two successive years, and monitored seedling recruitment and survival over a four year period. We fitted recruitment functions that allowed us to estimate the total number of safe sites available for plants to occupy, which we used as a measure of invasion resistance, and tested several hypotheses concerning how invasion resistance differed among habitats and over time. We found significant differences in levels of H. lepidulum recruitment among habitats, which did not match the species' current distribution in the landscape. Local biotic and abiotic characteristics helped explain some of the between‐habitat variation, with vascular plant species richness, vascular plant cover, and light availability, all positively correlated with the number of safe sites for recruitment. Resistance also varied over time however, with cohorts sown in successive years showing different levels of recruitment in some habitats but not others. These results show that recruitment functions can be used to quantify habitat resistance to invasion and to identify potential mechanisms of invasion resistance.

Wintering birds avoid warm sunshine: predation and the costs of foraging in sunlight - Jennie M. Carr; Steven L. Lima (Oecologia, 2014)

DNA barcoding of brown Parmeliae (Parmeliaceae) species: a molecular approach for accurate specimen identification, emphasizing species in Greenland - Steven D. Leavitt; Theodore L. Esslinger; Eric Steen Hansen; Pradeep K. Divakar; Ana Crespo; Bradley F. Loomis; H. Thorsten Lumbsch (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2014)

Movements, environmental associations, and presumed spawning locations of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the northwest Atlantic determined using archival satellite pop-up tags - Shelley L. Armsworthy; M. Kurtis Trzcinski; Steven E. Campana (Marine Biology, 2014)

Distribution of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in central California and their phenological development - Anil Shrestha; Katrina M. Steinhauer; Marcelo L. Moretti; Bradley D. Hanson; Marie Jasieniuk; Kurt J. Hembree; Steven D. Wright (Journal of Pest Science, 2014)

Gradient compression garments protect against orthostatic intolerance during recovery from bed rest - Michael B. Stenger; Stuart M. C. Lee; L. Christine Ribeiro; Tiffany R. Phillips; Robert J. Ploutz-Snyder; Michael C. Willig; Christian M. Westby; Steven H. Platts (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

An Object-Based Image Analysis of Pinyon and Juniper Woodlands Treated to Reduce Fuels - April Hulet; Bruce A. Roundy; Steven L. Petersen; Ryan R. Jensen; Stephen C. Bunting (Environmental Management, 2014)

Body weight in early adulthood, adult weight gain, and risk of endometrial cancer in women not using postmenopausal hormones - Victoria L. Stevens; Eric J. Jacobs; Alpa V. Patel; Juzhong Sun; Susan M. Gapstur; Marjorie L. McCullough (Cancer Causes & Control, 2014)

Investigating a crow die-off in January–February 2011 during the introduction of a new clade of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 into Bangladesh - Salah Uddin Khan; LaShondra Berman; Najmul Haider; Nancy Gerloff; Md Z. Rahman; Bo Shu; Mustafizur Rahman; Tapan Kumar Dey; Todd C. Davis; Bidhan Chandra Das; Amanda Balish; Ausraful Islam; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2014)

Can fish really feel pain? - J D Rose; R Arlinghaus; S J Cooke; B K Diggles; W Sawynok; E D Stevens; C D L Wynne (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
We review studies claiming that fish feel pain and find deficiencies in the methods used for pain identification, particularly for distinguishing unconscious detection of injurious stimuli (nociception) from conscious pain. Results were also frequently misinterpreted and not replicable, so claims that fish feel pain remain unsubstantiated. Comparable problems exist in studies of invertebrates. In contrast, an extensive literature involving surgeries with fishes shows normal feeding and activity immediately or soon after surgery. C fiber nociceptors, the most prevalent type in mammals and responsible for excruciating pain in humans, are rare in teleosts and absent in elasmobranchs studied to date. A‐delta nociceptors, not yet found in elasmobranchs, but relatively common in teleosts, likely serve rapid, less noxious injury signaling, triggering escape and avoidance responses. Clearly, fishes have survived well without the full range of nociception typical of humans or other mammals, a circumstance according well with the absence of the specialized cortical regions necessary for pain in humans. We evaluate recent claims for consciousness in fishes, but find these claims lack adequate supporting evidence, neurological feasibility, or the likelihood that consciousness would be adaptive. Even if fishes were conscious, it is unwarranted to assume that they possess a human‐like capacity for pain. Overall, the behavioral and neurobiological evidence reviewed shows fish responses to nociceptive stimuli are limited and fishes are unlikely to experience pain.

The rise of the mediocre forest: why chronically stressed trees may better survive extreme episodic climate variability - Steven G. McNulty; Johnny L. Boggs; Ge Sun (New Forests, 2014)

Detrimental impact of remote methamphetamine dependence on neurocognitive and everyday functioning in older but not younger HIV+ adults: evidence for a legacy effect? - Jennifer E. Iudicello; Erin E. Morgan; Assawin Gongvatana; Scott L. Letendre; Igor Grant; Steven Paul Woods (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2014)

Optimism and Challenge for Science‐Based Conservation of Migratory Species in and out of U.S. National Parks - JOEL BERGER; STEVEN L. CAIN; ELLEN CHENG; PETER DRATCH; KEVIN ELLISON; JOHN FRANCIS; HERBERT C. FROST; SCOTT GENDE; CRAIG GROVES; WILLIAM A. KARESH; ELAINE LESLIE; GARY MACHLIS; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Public agencies sometimes seek outside guidance when capacity to achieve their mission is limited. Through a cooperative agreement and collaborations with the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), we developed recommendations for a conservation program for migratory species. Although NPS manages ∼36 million hectares of land and water in 401 units, there is no centralized program to conserve wild animals reliant on NPS units that also migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometers beyond parks. Migrations are imperiled by habitat destruction, unsustainable harvest, climate change, and other impediments. A successful program to counter these challenges requires public support, national and international outreach, and flourishing migrant populations. We recommended two initial steps. First, in the short term, launch or build on a suite of projects for high‐profile migratory species that can serve as proof to demonstrate the centrality of NPS units to conservation at different scales. Second, over the longer term, build new capacity to conserve migratory species. Capacity building will entail increasing the limited knowledge among park staff about how and where species or populations migrate, conditions that enable migration, and identifying species’ needs and resolving them both within and beyond parks. Building capacity will also require ensuring that park superintendents and staff at all levels support conservation beyond statutory borders. Until additional diverse stakeholders and a broader American public realize what can be lost and do more to protect it and engage more with land management agencies to implement actions that facilitate conservation, long distance migrations are increasingly likely to become phenomena of the past. Optimismo y Retos para la Conservación Científicamente Basada de Especies Migratorias Dentro y Fuera de Parques Nacionales de E.U.A.

Assessing geographic origins of Teal (Anas crecca) through stable-hydrogen (δ 2H) isotope analyses of feathers and ring-recoveries - Matthieu Guillemain; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Pierre Legagneux; Keith A. Hobson (Journal of Ornithology, 2014)

Lizard thermal trait variation at multiple scales: a review - Susana Clusella-Trullas; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2014)

Root Chemistry in Populus tremuloides: Effects of Soil Nutrients, Defoliation, and Genotype - Michael T. Stevens; Adam C. Gusse; Richard L. Lindroth (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

The effect of cell line, phylogenetics and medium on baculovirus budded virus yield and quality - Leila Matindoost; Hao Hu; Leslie C. L. Chan; Lars K. Nielsen; Steven Reid (Archives of Virology, 2014)

Combination of multipoint maximum likelihood (MML) and regression mapping algorithms to construct a high-density genetic linkage map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) - Pedro J. Martínez-García; Kristian A. Stevens; Jill L. Wegrzyn; John Liechty; Marc Crepeau; Charles H. Langley; David B. Neale (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2013)

Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of 15N-labeled leaf, root, and twig litter in temperate coniferous forests - Tiff L. van Huysen; Mark E. Harmon; Steven S. Perakis; Hua Chen (Oecologia, 2013)

A taxonomic comparison of local habitat niches of tropical trees - Claire A. Baldeck; Steven W. Kembel; Kyle E. Harms; Joseph B. Yavitt; Robert John; Benjamin L. Turner; George B. Chuyong; David Kenfack; Duncan W. Thomas; Sumedha Madawala; Nimal Gunatilleke; Savitri Gunatilleke; et al. (Oecologia, 2013)

Articles You Might Have Missed - Vinodinee L Dissanayake; Navneet Cheema; Christopher S Lim; Steven E Aks (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2013)

No evidence of interaction between known lipid-associated genetic variants and smoking in the multi-ethnic PAGE population - Logan Dumitrescu; Cara L. Carty; Nora Franceschini; Lucia A. Hindorff; Shelley A. Cole; Petra Bůžková; Fredrick R. Schumacher; Charles B. Eaton; Robert J. Goodloe; David J. Duggan; Jeff Haessler; Barbara Cochran; et al. (Human Genetics, 2013)

A stable isotope (δ 2H) approach to deriving origins of harvested woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) taken in France - Keith A. Hobson; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Yves Ferrand; François Gossman; Claudine Bastat (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2013)

Toward Consensus-Based Actions that Balance Invasive Plant Management and Conservation of At-Risk Fauna - John A. Litvaitis; Jeffrey L. Norment; Kelly Boland; Kate O’Brien; Rachel Stevens; Donald Keirstead; Thomas Lee; James D. Oehler; Jeffery M. Taylor; Susan Bickford; Matthew D. Tarr (Environmental Management, 2013)

Invasive lionfish harbor a different external bacterial community than native Bahamian fishes - J. L. Stevens; J. B. Olson (Coral Reefs, 2013)

Erratum to: Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of a double-stranded RNA with targeted activity against Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) - Pamela M. Bachman; Renata Bolognesi; William J. Moar; Geoffrey M. Mueller; Mark S. Paradise; Parthasarathy Ramaseshadri; Jianguo Tan; Joshua P. Uffman; JoAnne Warren; B. Elizabeth Wiggins; Steven L. Levine (Transgenic Research, 2013)

Relative transgene expression frequencies in homozygous versus hemizygous transgenic mice - Su-Ping Chang; Margaret L. Opsahl; C. Bruce A. Whitelaw; Steven D. Morley; John D. West (Transgenic Research, 2013)

Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of a double-stranded RNA with targeted activity against Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) - Pamela M. Bachman; Renata Bolognesi; William J. Moar; Geoffrey M. Mueller; Mark S. Paradise; Parthasarathy Ramaseshadri; Jianguo Tan; Joshua P. Uffman; JoAnne Warren; B. Elizabeth Wiggins; Steven L. Levine (Transgenic Research, 2013)

Real-world impact of neurocognitive deficits in acute and early HIV infection - Katie L. Doyle; Erin E. Morgan; Sheldon Morris; Davey M. Smith; Susan Little; Jennifer E. Iudicello; Kaitlin Blackstone; David J. Moore; Igor Grant; Scott L. Letendre; Steven Paul Woods (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2013)

Can molecular data validate morphometric identification of faecal pellets in Tanzanian forest antelope species? - Andrew E. Bowkett; Trevor Jones; Richard L. Laizzer; Amy B. Plowman; Jamie R. Stevens (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? - Eric W. Seabloom; Elizabeth T. Borer; Yvonne Buckley; Elsa E. Cleland; Kendi Davies; Jennifer Firn; W. Stanley Harpole; Yann Hautier; Eric Lind; Andrew MacDougall; John L. Orrock; Suzanne M. Prober; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global‐scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass‐dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic‐dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site‐ or regional‐scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Habitat area and climate stability determine geographical variation in plant species range sizes - Naia Morueta‐Holme; Brian J. Enquist; Brian J. McGill; Brad Boyle; Peter M. Jørgensen; Jeffrey E. Ott; Robert K. Peet; Irena Šímová; Lindsey L. Sloat; Barbara Thiers; Cyrille Violle; Susan K. Wiser; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Despite being a fundamental aspect of biodiversity, little is known about what controls species range sizes. This is especially the case for hyperdiverse organisms such as plants. We use the largest botanical data set assembled to date to quantify geographical variation in range size for ~ 85 000 plant species across the New World. We assess prominent hypothesised range‐size controls, finding that plant range sizes are codetermined by habitat area and long‐ and short‐term climate stability. Strong short‐ and long‐term climate instability in large parts of North America, including past glaciations, are associated with broad‐ranged species. In contrast, small habitat areas and a stable climate characterise areas with high concentrations of small‐ranged species in the Andes, Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest region. The joint roles of area and climate stability strengthen concerns over the potential effects of future climate change and habitat loss on biodiversity.

Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for filovirus strains and variants rescued from cDNA - Jens H. Kuhn; Yīmíng Bào; Sina Bavari; Stephan Becker; Steven Bradfute; Kristina Brauburger; J. Rodney Brister; Alexander A. Bukreyev; Yíngyún Caì; Kartik Chandran; Robert A. Davey; Olga Dolnik; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2013)

Regulation of the carbon-concentrating mechanism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in response to changing light intensity and inorganic carbon availability - Robert L. Burnap; Rehka Nambudiri; Steven Holland (Photosynthesis Research, 2013)

Diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of HIV-associated lymph node tuberculosis - A. Van Rie; L. Page-Shipp; K. Mellet; L. Scott; M. Mkhwnazi; E. Jong; T. Omar; N. Beylis; W. Stevens; I. Sanne; C. N. Menezes (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2013)

Climate feedback efficiency and synergy - Thorsten Mauritsen; Rune G. Graversen; Daniel Klocke; Peter L. Langen; Bjorn Stevens; Lorenzo Tomassini (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Menstrual and reproductive characteristics and breast density in young women - Joanne F. Dorgan; Catherine Klifa; Snehal Deshmukh; Brian L. Egleston; John A. Shepherd; Peter O. Kwiterovich; Linda Van Horn; Linda G. Snetselaar; Victor J. Stevens; Alan M. Robson; Norman L. Lasser; Nola M. Hylton (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

A reassessment of the evolutionary timescale of bat rabies viruses based upon glycoprotein gene sequences - Natalia A. Kuzmina; Ivan V. Kuzmin; James A. Ellison; Steven T. Taylor; David L. Bergman; Beverly Dew; Charles E. Rupprecht (Virus Genes, 2013)

Origins of juvenile Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) harvested in Spain inferred from stable hydrogen isotope (δ 2H) analyses of feathers - Keith A. Hobson; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Jose Luis Guzmán; Beatriz Arroyo (Journal of Ornithology, 2013)

Dual-mixed HIV-1 coreceptor tropism and HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits - Sheldon R. Morris; Steven Paul Woods; Reena Deutsch; Susan J. Little; Gabriel Wagner; Erin E. Morgan; Robert K. Heaton; Scott L. Letendre; Igor Grant; Davey M. Smith (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2013)

Response of mollusc assemblages to climate variability and anthropogenic activities: a 4000‐year record from a shallow bar‐built lagoon system - Robert M. Cerrato; Philip V. LoCicero; Steven L. Goodbred (Global Change Biology, 2013)
With their position at the interface between land and ocean and their fragile nature, lagoons are sensitive to environmental change, and it is reasonable to expect these changes would be recorded in well‐preserved taxa such as molluscs. To test this, the 4000‐year history of molluscs in G reat S outh B ay, a bar‐built lagoon, was reconstructed from 24 vibracores. Using x‐radiography to identify shell layers, faunal counts, shell condition, organic content, and sediment type were measured in 325 samples. Sample age was estimated by interpolating 40 radiocarbon dates. K‐means cluster analysis identified three molluscan assemblages, corresponding to sand‐associated and mud‐associated groups, and the third associated with inlet areas. Redundancy and regression tree analyses indicated that significant transitions from the sand‐associated to mud‐associated assemblage occurred over large portions of the bay about 650 and 294 years bp . The first date corresponds to the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age; this change in climate reduced the frequency of strong storms, likely leading to reduced barrier island breaching, greater bay enclosure, and fine‐grained sediment accumulation. The second date marks the initiation of clear cutting by E uropean settlers, an activity that would have increased runoff of fine‐grained material. The occurrence of the inlet assemblage in the western and eastern ends of the bay is consistent with a history of inlets in these areas, even though prior to Hurricane Sandy in 2012, no inlet was present in the eastern bay in almost 200 years. The mud dominant, M ulinia lateralis , is a bivalve often associated with environmental disturbances. Its increased frequency over the past 300 years suggests that disturbances are more common in the bay than in the past. Management activities maintaining the current barrier island state may be contributing to the sand‐mud transition and to the bay's susceptibility to disturbances.

Local representation of global diversity in a cosmopolitan lichen‐forming fungal species complex ( Rhizoplaca , Ascomycota) - Steven D. Leavitt; Fernando Fernández‐Mendoza; Sergio Pérez‐Ortega; Mohammad Sohrabi; Pradeep K. Divakar; Jan Vondrák; H. Thorsten Lumbsch; Larry L. St. Clair (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim The relative importance of long‐distance dispersal versus vicariance in determining the distribution of lichen‐forming fungi remains unresolved. Here, we examined diversity and distributions in a cosmopolitan lichen‐forming fungal species complex, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato (Ascomycota), across a broad, intercontinental geographical distribution. We sought to determine the temporal context of diversification and the impacts of past climatic fluctuations on demographic dynamics within this group. Location Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Methods We obtained molecular sequence data from a total of 240 specimens of R. melanophthalma s.l. collected across five continents. We assessed the monophyly of candidate species using individual gene trees and a tree from a seven‐locus concatenated data set. Divergence times and relationships among candidate species were evaluated using a multilocus coalescent‐based species tree approach. Speciation probabilities were estimated using the coalescent‐based species delimitation program bpp . We also calculated statistics on molecular diversity and population demographics for independent lineages. Main conclusions Our analyses of R. melanophthalma s.l. collected from five continents supported the presence of six species‐level lineages within this complex. Based on current sampling, two of these lineages were found to have broad intercontinental distributions, while the other four were limited to western North America. Of the six lineages, five were found on a single mountain in the western USA and the sixth occurred no more than 200 km away from this mountain. Our estimates of divergence times suggest that Pleistocene glacial cycles played an important role in species diversification within this group. At least three lineages show evidence of recent or ongoing population expansion.

Iron oxidation stimulates organic matter decomposition in humid tropical forest soils - Steven J. Hall; Whendee L. Silver (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Humid tropical forests have the fastest rates of organic matter decomposition globally, which often coincide with fluctuating oxygen ( O 2 ) availability in surface soils. Microbial iron (Fe) reduction generates reduced iron [Fe(II)] under anaerobic conditions, which oxidizes to Fe(III) under subsequent aerobic conditions. We demonstrate that Fe (II) oxidation stimulates organic matter decomposition via two mechanisms: (i) organic matter oxidation, likely driven by reactive oxygen species; and (ii) increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) availability, likely driven by acidification. Phenol oxidative activity increased linearly with Fe(II) concentrations ( P 0.0001, pseudo R 2 = 0.79) in soils sampled within and among five tropical forest sites. A similar pattern occurred in the absence of soil, suggesting an abiotic driver of this reaction. No phenol oxidative activity occurred in soils under anaerobic conditions, implying the importance of oxidants such as O 2 or hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) in addition to Fe(II). Reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 generate hydroxyl radical, a strong nonselective oxidant of organic compounds. We found increasing consumption of H 2 O 2 as soil Fe(II) concentrations increased, suggesting that reactive oxygen species produced by Fe(II) oxidation explained variation in phenol oxidative activity among samples. Amending soils with Fe(II) at field concentrations stimulated short‐term C mineralization by up to 270%, likely via a second mechanism. Oxidation of Fe(II) drove a decrease in pH and a monotonic increase in DOC; a decline of two pH units doubled DOC, likely stimulating microbial respiration. We obtained similar results by manipulating soil acidity independently of Fe(II), implying that Fe(II) oxidation affected C substrate availability via pH fluctuations, in addition to producing reactive oxygen species. Iron oxidation coupled to organic matter decomposition contributes to rapid rates of C cycling across humid tropical forests in spite of periodic O 2 limitation, and may help explain the rapid turnover of complex C molecules in these soils.

Heat freezes niche evolution - Miguel B. Araújo; Francisco Ferri‐Yáñez; Francisco Bozinovic; Pablo A. Marquet; Fernando Valladares; Steven L. Chown (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Climate change is altering phenology and distributions of many species and further changes are projected. Can species physiologically adapt to climate warming? We analyse thermal tolerances of a large number of terrestrial ectotherm ( n = 697), endotherm ( n = 227) and plant ( n = 1816) species worldwide, and show that tolerance to heat is largely conserved across lineages, while tolerance to cold varies between and within species. This pattern, previously documented for ectotherms, is apparent for this group and for endotherms and plants, challenging the longstanding view that physiological tolerances of species change continuously across climatic gradients. An alternative view is proposed in which the thermal component of climatic niches would overlap across species more than expected. We argue that hard physiological boundaries exist that constrain evolution of tolerances of terrestrial organisms to high temperatures. In contrast, evolution of tolerances to cold should be more frequent. One consequence of conservatism of upper thermal tolerances is that estimated niches for cold‐adapted species will tend to underestimate their upper thermal limits, thereby potentially inflating assessments of risk from climate change. In contrast, species whose climatic preferences are close to their upper thermal limits will unlikely evolve physiological tolerances to increased heat, thereby being predictably more affected by warming.

Modelling the ancient maize agriculture potential of landforms in Tikal National Park, Guatemala - Chris S. Balzotti; David L. Webster; Tim M. Murtha; Steven L. Petersen; Richard L. Burnett; Richard E. Terry (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013)

Diurnal pituitary-adrenal activity during schedule-induced polydipsia of water and ethanol in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) - Christa M. Helms; Steven W. Gonzales; Heather L. Green; Kendall T. Szeliga; Laura S. M. Rogers; Kathleen A. Grant (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Increased Generation of Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins after Brain Ischemia and Their Role in Aggregation of Ubiquitinated Proteins in Neurons - Hao Liu; Wenjin Li; Muzamil Ahmad; Marie E. Rose; Tricia M. Miller; Mei Yu; Jie Chen; Jordan L. Pascoe; Samuel M. Poloyac; Robert W. Hickey; Steven H. Graham (Neurotoxicity Research, 2013)

Salicylate Degradation by the Fungal Plant Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum - Cory D. Penn; Steven L. Daniel (Current Microbiology, 2013)

New insight into the structure of RNA in red clover necrotic mosaic virus and the role of divalent cations revealed by small-angle neutron scattering - Stanton L. Martin; Lilin He; Flora Meilleur; Richard H. Guenther; Tim L. Sit; Steven A. Lommel; William T. Heller (Archives of Virology, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

A predicted niche shift corresponds with increased thermal resistance in an invasive mite, H alotydeus destructor - Matthew P. Hill; Steven L. Chown; Ary A. Hoffmann (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Predicted distributions of invasive species are often not congruent between their realized native and introduced ranges, but the reasons for this are rarely investigated empirically. We tested for niche shift in an invasive species using a simple framework combining environmental niche models ( ENMs ) and niche‐limiting thermal tolerance traits. Location A ustralia and S outh A frica. Methods The red‐legged earth mite, H alotydeus destructor , native to S outh A frica, is a major agricultural pest in A ustralia and has expanded its range to areas not predictable from its native range in the last 40 years. Revisiting recently constructed ENMs for H . destructor , we select populations in both native and invasive ranges that appear to occupy different niches. We characterize thermal tolerance traits and test for acclimation patterns of cold tolerance of these H . destructor populations to test for niche shifts. Results Australian populations had an increased upper thermal threshold for movement and were able to recover from cold stress more rapidly than S outh A frican populations. Australian populations also differed in trait means from the likely source population in S outh A frica. Acclimation patterns were conserved across ranges for most populations, with 10 ° C acclimation lowering the onset of and recovery from cold tolerance and 15 ° C raising them when compared with field‐acclimated populations. Main conclusions These results support the prediction, based on ENMs , that H . destructor may have undergone a niche shift by adapting to environmental conditions in A ustralia. The increase in thermal resistance has implications for how this invasive species will respond to future climate change.

A new ceratopsian dinosaur from the Javelina Formation (Maastrichtian) of West Texas and implications for chasmosaurine phylogeny - Steven L. Wick; Thomas M. Lehman (The Science of Nature, 2013)

Acclimation-induced changes in cell membrane composition and influence on cryotolerance of in vitro shoots of native plant species - Bryn Funnekotter; Anja Kaczmarczyk; Shane R. Turner; Eric Bunn; Wenxu Zhou; Steven Smith; Gavin Flematti; Ricardo L. Mancera (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2013)

Postrelease movement of rehabilitated harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina richardii ) pups compared with cohort‐matched wild seal pups - Joseph K. Gaydos; L. Ignacio Vilchis; Monique M. Lance; Steven J. Jeffries; Austen Thomas; Vanessa Greenwood; Penny Harner; Michael H. Ziccardi (Marine Mammal Science, 2013)
Harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina richardii ) populations in the inland waters of Washington and British Columbia are at or near carrying capacity. Stranded pups often are collected and admitted to rehabilitation centers, and then released when they reach a weight of 22 kg and meet a variety of preestablished health and release conditions. While rehabilitation is common practice, it is unclear if rehabilitated seal pups behave like wild weaned pups. Using satellite transmitters, we compared movement patterns of 10 rehabilitated pups with 10 wild weaned pups. When released, rehabilitated seals were longer and heavier than wild pups, while wild pups had a larger mean axillary girth. No clinically different blood parameters were detected. On average, rehabilitated harbor seal pups traveled nearly twice as far cumulatively, almost three times as far daily, and dispersed over three times as far from the release site compared to wild weaned seals. Additionally, wild harbor seals transmitted nearly twice as long as did rehabilitated seals. These patterns suggest that learned behavior during the brief 3–4 wk nursing period likely enables wild harbor seal pups to move less daily and remain closer to their weaning site than rehabilitated pups.

A dynamic model of the cellular carbon to chlorophyll ratio applied to a batch culture and a continental shelf ecosystem - Mark E. Baird; Peter J. Ralph; Farhan Rizwi; Karen Wild-Allen; Andrew D. L. Steven (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
A novel parameterization of the dynamical relationship between cellular carbon (C) and chlorophyll (Chl) is developed using a Chl synthesis term that includes the physiological status of the cell and the effect of packaging of pigments within cells. The geometric derivation highlights the non‐linear relationship between Chl content and absorption due to the package effect. When parameterized for a generic 3 µm radius phytoplankton cell, the model reproduces the magnitude and daily variations of C : Chl and C : nitrogen ratios of the diatom Skeletonema costatum in published laboratory experiments. The parameterization is then applied in a three‐dimensional biogeochemical model containing three phytoplankton classes in the coastal waters off southeast Tasmania, Australia, which demonstrates the behavior of the dynamic Chl parameterization over a range of light‐ and nutrient‐limiting environments for phytoplankton of different sizes and growth rates. The model produces C : Chl ratios of ∼ 12–20 (weight : weight) and ∼ 60–80 for phytoplankton communities dominated by fast‐growing small and fast‐growing large cells, respectively, close to the ratios of 17 and 76 observed at two sampling stations during periods with diatom‐ and flagellate‐dominated communities. Throughout the simulation, community C : Chl ratios generally vary between 12 and 200, which is similar to the range observed globally. In the new parameterization, C : Chl ratios are most influenced by the package effect for light‐limited, slow‐growing large microalgae, with physiological processes becoming important for smaller, nutrient‐limited, fast‐growing microalgae.

When Wet Gets Wetter: Decoupling of Moisture, Redox Biogeochemistry, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Humid Tropical Forest Soil - Steven J. Hall; William H. McDowell; Whendee L. Silver (Ecosystems, 2013)

Morphology and microstructure of chromite crystals in chromitites from the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex, South Africa) - Zoja Vukmanovic; Stephen J. Barnes; Steven M. Reddy; Bélinda Godel; Marco L. Fiorentini (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2013)

Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity prevents anchorage-independent ovarian carcinoma cell growth and tumor progression - Kristy K. Ward; Isabelle Tancioni; Christine Lawson; Nichol L. G. Miller; Christine Jean; Xiao Lei Chen; Sean Uryu; Josephine Kim; David Tarin; Dwayne G. Stupack; Steven C. Plaxe; David D. Schlaepfer (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2013)

Men with prostate cancer make positive dietary changes following diagnosis and treatment - Kerry N. L. Avery; Jenny L. Donovan; Rebecca Gilbert; Michael Davis; Pauline Emmett; Liz Down; Steven Oliver; David E. Neal; Freddie C. Hamdy; J. Athene Lane (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Chemistry and Microbial Functional Diversity Differences in Biofuel Crop and Grassland Soils in Multiple Geographies - Lidia S. Watrud; Jay R. Reichman; Michael A. Bollman; Bonnie M. Smith; E. Henry Lee; Julie D. Jastrow; Michael D. Casler; Harold P. Collins; Steven Fransen; Robert B. Mitchell; Vance N. Owens; Brent Bean; et al. (BioEnergy Research, 2013)

Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for laboratory animal-adapted strains and variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae - Jens H. Kuhn; Yiming Bao; Sina Bavari; Stephan Becker; Steven Bradfute; J. Rodney Brister; Alexander A. Bukreyev; Yíngyún Caì; Kartik Chandran; Robert A. Davey; Olga Dolnik; John M. Dye; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2013)

Aminopyralid Residue Impacts on Potatoes and Weeds - Steven S. Seefeldt; Rick A. Boydston; Phil N. Kaspari; Mingchu Zhang; Erin Carr; Jeff Smeenk; David L. Barnes (American Journal of Potato Research, 2013)

Inheritance and QTL mapping of Fusarium wilt race 4 resistance in cotton - Mauricio Ulloa; Robert B. Hutmacher; Philip A. Roberts; Steven D. Wright; Robert L. Nichols; R. Michael Davis (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

A global quantitative synthesis of local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in agroecosystems - Christina M. Kennedy; Eric Lonsdorf; Maile C. Neel; Neal M. Williams; Taylor H. Ricketts; Rachael Winfree; Riccardo Bommarco; Claire Brittain; Alana L. Burley; Daniel Cariveau; Luísa G. Carvalheiro; Natacha P. Chacoff; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Bees provide essential pollination services that are potentially affected both by local farm management and the surrounding landscape. To better understand these different factors, we modelled the relative effects of landscape composition (nesting and floral resources within foraging distances), landscape configuration (patch shape, interpatch connectivity and habitat aggregation) and farm management (organic vs. conventional and local‐scale field diversity), and their interactions, on wild bee abundance and richness for 39 crop systems globally. Bee abundance and richness were higher in diversified and organic fields and in landscapes comprising more high‐quality habitats; bee richness on conventional fields with low diversity benefited most from high‐quality surrounding land cover. Landscape configuration effects were weak. Bee responses varied slightly by biome. Our synthesis reveals that pollinator persistence will depend on both the maintenance of high‐quality habitats around farms and on local management practices that may offset impacts of intensive monoculture agriculture.

A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of post-retrieval propranolol on reconsolidation of memory for craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent humans - Michael E. Saladin; Kevin M. Gray; Aimee L. McRae-Clark; Steven D. LaRowe; Sharon D. Yeatts; Nathaniel L. Baker; Karen J. Hartwell; Kathleen T. Brady (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Nitrogen limitation, 15N tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities - Dana L. Witwicki; Paul S. Doescher; David A. Pyke; Nicole M. DeCrappeo; Steven S. Perakis (Oecologia, 2013)

The impact of the MJO on clusters of wintertime circulation anomalies over the North American region - Emily E. Riddle; Marshall B. Stoner; Nathaniel C. Johnson; Michelle L. L’Heureux; Dan C. Collins; Steven B. Feldstein (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Metabolic and water loss rates of two cryptic species in the African velvet worm genus Opisthopatus (Onychophora) - Christopher W. Weldon; Savel R. Daniels; Susana Clusella-Trullas; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2013)

Uncovering symbiont‐driven genetic diversity across N orth A merican pea aphids - Jacob A. Russell; Stephanie Weldon; Andrew H. Smith; Kyungsun L. Kim; Yi Hu; Piotr Łukasik; Steven Doll; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Matthew Novin; Kerry M. Oliver (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Heritable genetic variation is required for evolution, and while typically encoded within nuclear and organellar genomes, several groups of invertebrates harbour heritable microbes serving as additional sources of genetic variation. Hailing from the symbiont‐rich insect order H emiptera, pea aphids ( A cyrthosiphon pisum ) possess several heritable symbionts with roles in host plant utilization, thermotolerance and protection against natural enemies. As pea aphids vary in the numbers and types of harboured symbionts, these bacteria provide heritable and functionally important variation within field populations. In this study, we quantified the cytoplasmically inherited genetic variation contributed by symbionts within N orth A merican pea aphids. Through the use of D enaturing G radient G el E lectrophoresis ( DGGE ) and 454 amplicon pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA genes, we explored the diversity of bacteria harboured by pea aphids from five populations, spanning three locations and three host plants. We also characterized strain variation by analysing 16S r RNA , housekeeping and symbiont‐associated bacteriophage genes. Our results identified eight species of facultative symbionts, which often varied in frequency between locations and host plants. We detected 28 cytoplasmic genotypes across 318 surveyed aphids, considering only the various combinations of secondary symbiont species infecting single hosts. Yet the detection of multiple R egiella insecticola , H amiltonella defensa and Rickettsia strains, and diverse bacteriophage genotypes from H . defensa , suggest even greater diversity. Combined, these findings reveal that heritable bacteria contribute substantially to genetic variation in A . pisum . Given the costs and benefits of these symbionts, it is likely that fluctuating selective forces play a role in the maintenance of this diversity.

Scale effects on the body size frequency distributions of A frican birds: patterns and potential mechanisms - Bernard W. T. Coetzee; Peter C. le Roux; Steven L. Chown (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim To describe and analyse the body size frequency distributions ( BSFDs ) of avian assemblages at several spatial scales in the A frotropics. We also tested if the variation in median body size across assemblages at different spatial scales was related to environmental variables and whether purely stochastic processes could explain BSFDs . Location The A frotropical biogeographic realm. Methods Avian body masses for 1960 species where analysed at continental, biome, ecoregion and local spatial scales with standard metrics. Variation in median assemblage body size was modelled as a function of environmental and spatial explanatory variables to assess non‐random assemblage structure. We tested if BSFDs of smaller spatial scale distributions are random subsets of the larger spatial scale assemblages in which they are embedded, and used three different null model randomizations to investigate the influence of stochastic processes on BSFDs . Results The A frican avifauna's continental BSFD is unimodal and right‐skewed. BSFDs generally become less skewed and less modal with decreasing spatial scale. The best‐fit model explained 71% of median body size values at the ecoregion scale as a function of latitude, latitude 2 , longitude, species richness and species range size. BSFDs at smaller scales show non‐random assembly from larger scale BSFDs distributions. Main conclusion A frican avifaunal BSFDs are quantitatively dissimilar to A frican mammal BSFDs , which are bimodal at all spatial scales. Much of the change in median body size with spatial scale can be captured by a range‐weighted null model, suggesting that differential turnover between smaller‐ and larger‐bodied species might explain the shift in the central tendency of the BSFD . At the local scale, energy may well contribute to structuring BSFDs , but this pattern is less pronounced at larger spatial scales.

Plasma and Urine Dimercaptopropanesulfonate Concentrations after Dermal Application of Transdermal DMPS (TD-DMPS) - Jennifer P. Cohen; Anne-Michelle Ruha; Steven C. Curry; Kallol Biswas; Benjamin Westenberger; Wei Ye; Kathleen L. Caldwell; Frank LoVecchio; Keith Burkhart; Nasr Samia (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2013)

Erratum to: Gaze strategies during visually-guided versus memory-guided grasping - Steven L. Prime; Jonathan J. Marotta (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Gaze strategies during visually-guided versus memory-guided grasping - Steven L. Prime; Jonathan J. Marotta (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Soil–Litter Mixing Accelerates Decomposition in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland - Daniel B. Hewins; Steven R. Archer; Gregory S. Okin; Rebecca L. McCulley; Heather L. Throop (Ecosystems, 2013)

Polymorphisms in genes related to one-carbon metabolism are not related to pancreatic cancer in PanScan and PanC4 - Max Leenders; Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee; Paolo Vineis; Victoria Stevens; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laufey Amundadottir; Myron Gross; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; Eric J. Duell; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Characterization of nine microsatellite loci from the endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) using 454 pyrosequencing - You Li; Melanie L. Lancaster; Steven J. B. Cooper; Jasmin G. Packer; Susan M. Carthew (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Biomass production potential of grasslands in the oak savanna region of Minnesota, USA - Peter A. Gillitzer; Donald L. Wyse; Craig C. Sheaffer; Steven J. Taff; Clarence C. Lehman (BioEnergy Research, 2013)

Microbial abundance and composition influence litter decomposition response to environmental change - Steven D. Allison; Ying Lu; Claudia Weihe; Michael L. Goulden; Adam C. Martiny; Kathleen K. Treseder; Jennifer B. H. Martiny (Ecology, 2013)
Rates of ecosystem processes such as decomposition are likely to change as a result of human impacts on the environment. In southern California, climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition in particular may alter biological communities and ecosystem processes. These drivers may affect decomposition directly, through changes in abiotic conditions, and indirectly through changes in plant and decomposer communities. To assess indirect effects on litter decomposition, we reciprocally transplanted microbial communities and plant litter among control and treatment plots (either drought or N addition) in a grassland ecosystem. We hypothesized that drought would reduce decomposition rates through moisture limitation of decomposers and reductions in plant litter quality before and during decomposition. In contrast, we predicted that N deposition would stimulate decomposition by relieving N limitation of decomposers and improving plant litter quality. We also hypothesized that adaptive mechanisms would allow microbes to decompose litter more effectively in their native plot and litter environments. Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found that drought treatment reduced litter mass loss from 20.9% to 15.3% after six months. There was a similar decline in mass loss of litter inoculated with microbes transplanted from the drought treatment, suggesting a legacy effect of drought driven by declines in microbial abundance and possible changes in microbial community composition. Bacterial cell densities were up to 86% lower in drought plots and at least 50% lower on litter derived from the drought treatment, whereas fungal hyphal lengths increased by 13–14% in the drought treatment. Nitrogen effects on decomposition rates and microbial abundances were weaker than drought effects, although N addition significantly altered initial plant litter chemistry and litter chemistry during decomposition. However, we did find support for microbial adaptation to N addition with N‐derived microbes facilitating greater mass loss in N plots than in control plots. Our results show that environmental changes can affect rates of ecosystem processes directly through abiotic changes and indirectly through microbial abundances and communities. Therefore models of ecosystem response to global change may need to represent microbial biomass and community composition to make accurate predictions.

Conservation through connectivity: can isotopic gradients in Africa reveal winter quarters of a migratory bird? - Thomas S. Reichlin; Keith A. Hobson; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Michael Schaub; Leonard I. Wassenaar; Manuel Martín-Vivaldi; Raphaël Arlettaz; Lukas Jenni (Oecologia, 2013)

A newly developed seismic microzonation model of Erbaa (Tokat, Turkey) located on seismically active eastern segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) - Muge K. Akin; Tamer Topal; Steven L. Kramer (Natural Hazards, 2013)

Body condition of predatory fishes linked to the availability of sandeels - Georg H. Engelhard; Julia L. Blanchard; John K. Pinnegar; Jeroen van der Kooij; Ewen D. Bell; Steven Mackinson; David A. Righton (Marine Biology, 2013)

Changes in postural sway as a function of prolonged walking - Kathleen S. Thomas; Bonnie L. VanLunen; Steven Morrison (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

Diel movements of out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed - Eric D. Chapman; Alex R. Hearn; Cyril J. Michel; Arnold J. Ammann; Steven T. Lindley; Michael J. Thomas; Philip T. Sandstrom; Gabriel P. Singer; Matthew L. Peterson; R. Bruce MacFarlane; A. Peter Klimley (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Archival and acoustic tags reveal the post-spawning migrations, diving behavior, and thermal habitat of hatchery-origin Sacramento River steelhead kelts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - Steven L. H. Teo; Phil T. Sandstrom; Eric D. Chapman; Robert E. Null; Kurt Brown; A. Peter Klimley; Barbara A. Block (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Taxonomic identity of the endangered Snake River physa, Physa natricina (Pulmonata: Physidae) combining traditional and molecular techniques - Kiza K. Gates; Billie L. Kerans; John L. Keebaugh; Steven Kalinowski; Ninh Vu (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

Substance use is a risk factor for neurocognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric distress in acute and early HIV infection - Erica Weber; Erin E. Morgan; Jennifer E. Iudicello; Kaitlin Blackstone; Igor Grant; Ronald J. Ellis; Scott L. Letendre; Susan Little; Sheldon Morris; Davey M. Smith; David J. Moore; Steven Paul Woods (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2013)

Numerical Simulation of Diagenetic Alteration and Its Effect on Residual Gas in Tight Gas Sandstones - Maša Prodanović; Steven L. Bryant; J. Steven Davis (Transport in Porous Media, 2013)

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Water-in-Oil Microemulsion System for Enhanced Peptide Intestinal Delivery - Dongyun Liu; Taku Kobayashi; Steven Russo; Fengling Li; Scott E. Plevy; Todd M. Gambling; Johnny L. Carson; Russell J. Mumper (The AAPS Journal, 2013)

Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for natural variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae - Jens H. Kuhn; Yiming Bao; Sina Bavari; Stephan Becker; Steven Bradfute; J. Rodney Brister; Alexander A. Bukreyev; Kartik Chandran; Robert A. Davey; Olga Dolnik; John M. Dye; Sven Enterlein; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2013)

A novel role for inducible Fut2 in angiogenesis - Pei-Suen Tsou; Jeffrey H. Ruth; Phillip L. Campbell; Takeo Isozaki; SolHee Lee; Hubert Marotte; Steven E. Domino; Alisa E. Koch; Mohammad A. Amin (Angiogenesis, 2013)

Changes in Spontaneous Activity Assessed by Accelerometry Correlate with Extent of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Nonhuman Primate - Henryk F. Urbanski; Steven G. Kohama; G. Alexander West; Christine Glynn; Rebecca L. Williams-Karnesky; Eric Earl; Martha N. Neuringer; Lauren Renner; Alison Weiss; Mary Stenzel-Poore; Frances Rena Bahjat (Translational Stroke Research, 2012)

The value of X-ray approaches in the study of the Messel fruit and seed flora - Margaret E. Collinson; Selena Y. Smith; Steven R. Manchester; Volker Wilde; Lauren E. Howard; Brittany E. Robson; David S. F. Ford; Federica Marone; Julie L. Fife; Marco Stampanoni (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2012)

Regioselective synthesis and cannabinoid receptor binding affinity of N-alkylated 4,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles - Murali Papudippu; Hong Shu; Sari Izenwasser; Dean Wade; Gerard Gulasey; Steven Fournet; Edwin D. Stevens; Stacey A. Lomenzo; Mark L. Trudell (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2012)

Genome-wide association study of glioma and meta-analysis - Preetha Rajaraman; Beatrice S. Melin; Zhaoming Wang; Roberta McKean-Cowdin; Dominique S. Michaud; Sophia S. Wang; Melissa Bondy; Richard Houlston; Robert B. Jenkins; Margaret Wrensch; Meredith Yeager; Anders Ahlbom; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Population stratification may bias analysis of PGC-1α as a modifier of age at Huntington disease motor onset - Eliana Marisa Ramos; Jeanne C. Latourelle; Ji-Hyun Lee; Tammy Gillis; Jayalakshmi S. Mysore; Ferdinando Squitieri; Alba Di Pardo; Stefano Di Donato; Michael R. Hayden; Patrick J. Morrison; Martha Nance; Christopher A. Ross; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Sensitivity of Spring Phenology to Warming Across Temporal and Spatial Climate Gradients in Two Independent Databases - Benjamin I. Cook; Elizabeth M. Wolkovich; T. Jonathan Davies; Toby R. Ault; Julio L. Betancourt; Jenica M. Allen; Kjell Bolmgren; Elsa E. Cleland; Theresa M. Crimmins; Nathan J. B. Kraft; Lesley T. Lancaster; Susan J. Mazer; et al. (Ecosystems, 2012)

Using field-evolved resistance to Cry1F maize in a lepidopteran pest to demonstrate no adverse effects of Cry1F on one of its major predators - Jun-Ce Tian; Hilda L. Collins; Jörg Romeis; Steven E. Naranjo; Richard L. Hellmich; Anthony M. Shelton (Transgenic Research, 2012)

Dynamics of Lipid Biosynthesis and Redistribution in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Under Nitrate Deprivation - Elizabeth H. Burrows; Nicholas B. Bennette; Damian Carrieri; Joseph L. Dixon; Anita Brinker; Miguel Frada; Steven N. Baldassano; Paul G. Falkowski; G. Charles Dismukes (BioEnergy Research, 2012)

Full-length genome analysis of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains representing the phylogenetic and geographic diversity of the virus - Steven J. Pauszek; Luis L. Rodriguez (Archives of Virology, 2012)