Contrasting Photosynthetic Responses of Two Dominant Macrophyte Species to Seasonal Inundation in an Everglades Freshwater Prairie - Junbin Zhao; Steven F. Oberbauer; Paulo C. Olivas; Jessica L. Schedlbauer; Jeremy L. May; Jonathan G. Moser; Sparkle L. Malone; Christina L. Staudhammer; Gregory Starr (Wetlands, 2018)

Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tissue and Functional Recovery in the Murine Thromboembolic Stroke Model - Robin L. Webb; Erin E. Kaiser; Shelley L. Scoville; Tyler A. Thompson; Sumbul Fatima; Chirayukumar Pandya; Karishma Sriram; Raymond L. Swetenburg; Kumar Vaibhav; Ali S. Arbab; Babak Baban; Krishnan M. Dhandapani; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2018)

Analysis of oxygen uptake efficiency parameters in young people with cystic fibrosis - Owen W. Tomlinson; Alan R. Barker; Lucy V. Chubbock; Daniel Stevens; Zoe L. Saynor; Patrick J. Oades; Craig A. Williams (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)

Climate change beliefs in an agricultural context: what is the role of values held by farming and non-farming groups? - Matthew R. Sanderson; Jason S. Bergtold; Jessica L. Heier Stamm; Marcellus M. Caldas; Steven M. Ramsey; Joseph Aistrup (Climatic Change, 2018)

High frequency of Polio-like Enterovirus C strains with differential clustering of CVA-13 and EV-C99 subgenotypes in a cohort of Malawian children - Lieke Brouwer; Sabine M. G. van der Sanden; Job C. J. Calis; Andrea H. L. Bruning; Steven Wang; Joanne G. Wildenbeest; Sjoerd P. H. Rebers; Kamija S. Phiri; Brenda M. Westerhuis; Michaël Boele van Hensbroek; Dasja Pajkrt; Katja C. Wolthers (Archives of Virology, 2018)

Research Priorities to Support Effective Manta and Devil Ray Conservation - Joshua D. Stewart; Fabrice R. A. Jaine; Amelia J. Armstrong; Asia O. Armstrong; Michael B. Bennett; Katherine B. Burgess; Lydie I. E. Couturier; Donald A. Croll; Melissa R. Cronin; Mark H. Deakos; Christine L. Dudgeon; Daniel Fernando; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of plant-based treatments in milk and plasma of USDA organic dairy cattle with and without mastitis - Sharon E Mason; Keena A. E. Mullen; Steven P. Washburn; Kevin L. Anderson; Ronald E. Baynes (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2018)

A Simple Relation for Estimating Shale Permeability - Huy Tran; A. Sakhaee-Pour; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2018)

A decade of invertebrate colonization pressure on Scott Base in the Ross Sea region - Jana Newman; Ceisha Poirot; Rebecca Roper-Gee; Rachel I. Leihy; Steven L. Chown (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Compositional Analysis of Adsorbed Organic Aerosol on a Microresonator Mass Sensor - Arthur T. Zielinski; Steven J. Campbell; Ashwin A. Seshia; Roderic L. Jones; Markus Kalberer; Chiara Giorio (Aerosol Science and Engineering, 2018)

Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires - Xanthe J. Walker; Brendan M. Rogers; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Steven G. Cumming; Nicola J. Day; Scott J. Goetz; Jill F. Johnstone; Edward A. G. Schuur; Merritt R. Turetsky; Michelle C. Mack (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana ) or jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) of the Northwest Territories ( NWT ), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer ( SOL ) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35 kg C m −2 was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3 Tg C emitted from 2.85 Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine‐scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.

Physical forcing on fish abundance in the southern California Current System - Lia Siegelman‐Charbit; J. Anthony Koslow; Michael G. Jacox; Elliott L. Hazen; Steven J. Bograd; Eric F. Miller (Fisheries Oceanography, 2018)
The California Current System (CCS) is an eastern boundary current system with strong biological productivity largely due to seasonal wind‐driven upwelling and transport of the California Current (CC). Two independent, yet complementary time series, CalCOFI ichthyoplankton surveys and sampling of southern California power plant cooling‐water intakes, have indicated that an assemblage of predominantly cool‐water affinity fishes spanning nearshore to oceanic environments in the southern CCS has declined dramatically from the 1970s to the 2000s. We examined potential oceanographic drivers behind this decline both within and north of the CalCOFI survey area in order to capture upstream processes as well. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses using output from a data‐assimilative regional ocean model revealed significant relationships between the fish time series and spatial patterns of upwelling, upper ocean heat content and eddy kinetic energy in the CCS. Correlation and linear regression analyses indicated that the declining trend in fish abundance was correlated with a suite of factors: reduced offshore and increased inshore upwelling; a long term warming trend combined with more recent interannual variability in ocean temperature; weaker eddy kinetic energy north of Point Conception (35°N), potentially indicating reduced transport of the California Current (CC); increased influence of the California Undercurrent (CUC); and a decline in zooplankton displacement volume across the southern CCS. Understanding how changes in oceanography affect fish populations will offer insights into managing fisheries in a changing climate.

Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation - Dorothee Hodapp; Elizabeth T. Borer; W. Stanley Harpole; Eric M. Lind; Eric W. Seabloom; Peter B. Adler; Juan Alberti; Carlos A. Arnillas; Jonathan D. Bakker; Lori Biederman; Marc Cadotte; Elsa E. Cleland; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change – fertilisation and herbivore loss – are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilisation led to higher rates of local extinction, whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.

Turbulent length scales in a fast-flowing, weakly stratified, strait: Cook Strait, New Zealand - Craig L. Stevens (Ocean Science, 2018)
There remains much to be learned about the full range of turbulent motions in the ocean. Here we consider turbulence and overturn scales in the relatively shallow, weakly stratified, fast-flowing tidal flows of Cook Strait, New Zealand. With flow speeds reaching 3 m s−1 in a water column of ∼300 m depth the location is heuristically known to be highly turbulent. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy ε, along with the Thorpe scale, LT, are described. Thorpe scales, often as much as one-quarter of the water depth, are compared with dissipation rates and background flow speed. Turbulent energy dissipation rates ε are modest but high for oceans, around 5×10-5 W kg−1. Comparison of the buoyancy-limit Ozmidov scale LOz suggest the Cook Strait data lie for the majority of the time in the LOz > LT regime, but not universally. Also, comparison of direct and LT-based estimates of ε exhibit reasonable similarity.

Millennial-scale tree-ring isotope chronologies from coast redwoods provide insights on controls over California hydroclimate variability - Steven L. Voelker; John S. Roden; Todd E. Dawson (Oecologia, 2018)

Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders - Steven J. Lane; Bret W. Tobalske; Amy L. Moran; Caitlin M. Shishido; H. Arthur Woods (Marine Biology, 2018)

Changes in dynamic resting state network connectivity following aphasia therapy - E. Susan Duncan; Steven L. Small (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Stability of MRI metrics in the advanced research core of the NCAA-DoD concussion assessment, research and education (CARE) consortium - Andrew S. Nencka; Timothy B. Meier; Yang Wang; L. Tugan Muftuler; Yu-Chien Wu; Andrew J. Saykin; Jaroslaw Harezlak; M. Alison Brooks; Christopher C. Giza; John Difiori; Kevin M. Guskiewicz; Jason P. Mihalik; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Genetic engineering of trees: progress and new horizons - Shujun Chang; Elizabeth L. Mahon; Heather A. MacKay; William H. Rottmann; Steven H. Strauss; Paula M. Pijut; William A. Powell; Vernon Coffey; Haiwei Lu; Shawn D. Mansfield; Todd J. Jones (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2018)

Where vectors collide: the importance of mechanisms shaping the realized niche for modeling ranges of invasive Aedes mosquitoes - L. Philip Lounibos; Steven A. Juliano (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska; Kari Alitalo; Elizabeth Allen; Andrey Anisimov; Alfred C. Aplin; Robert Auerbach; Hellmut G. Augustin; David O. Bates; Judy R. van Beijnum; R. Hugh F. Bender; Gabriele Bergers; Andreas Bikfalvi; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2018)

Minimizing opportunity costs to aquatic connectivity restoration while controlling an invasive species - Austin W. Milt; Matthew W. Diebel; Patrick J. Doran; Michael C. Ferris; Matthew Herbert; Mary L. Khoury; Allison T. Moody; Thomas M. Neeson; Jared Ross; Ted Treska; Jesse R. O'Hanley; Lisa Walter; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2018)
Controlling invasive species is critical for conservation but can have unintended consequences for native species and divert resources away from other efforts. This dilemma occurs on a grand scale in the North American Great Lakes, where dams and culverts block tributary access to habitat of desirable fish species and are a lynchpin of long‐standing efforts to limit ecological damage inflicted by the invasive, parasitic sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ). Habitat restoration and sea‐lamprey control create conflicting goals for managing aging infrastructure. We used optimization to minimize opportunity costs of habitat gains for 37 desirable migratory fishes that arose from restricting sea lamprey access (0–25% increase) when selecting barriers for removal under a limited budget (US$1–105 million). Imposing limits on sea lamprey habitat reduced gains in tributary access for desirable species by 15–50% relative to an unconstrained scenario. Additional investment to offset the effect of limiting sea‐lamprey access resulted in high opportunity costs for 30 of 37 species (e.g., an additional US$20–80 million for lake sturgeon [ Acipenser fulvescens ]) and often required ≥5% increase in sea‐lamprey access to identify barrier‐removal solutions adhering to the budget and limiting access. Narrowly distributed species exhibited the highest opportunity costs but benefited more at less cost when small increases in sea‐lamprey access were allowed. Our results illustrate the value of optimization in limiting opportunity costs when balancing invasion control against restoration benefits for diverse desirable species. Such trade‐off analyses are essential to the restoration of connectivity within fragmented rivers without unleashing invaders.

Impact of toll-like receptor 4 stimulation on human neonatal neutrophil spontaneous migration, transcriptomics, and cytokine production - Steven L. Raymond; Russell B. Hawkins; Tyler J. Murphy; Jaimar C. Rincon; Julie A. Stortz; María Cecilia López; Ricardo Ungaro; Felix Ellett; Henry V. Baker; James L. Wynn; Lyle L. Moldawer; Daniel Irimia; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2018)

Black/white differences in treatment and survival among women with stage IIIB–IV breast cancer at diagnosis: a US population-based study - Lindsey Enewold; Dolly C. Penn; Jennifer L. Stevens; Linda C. Harlan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

MRI Verification of a 10–20 Targeting Protocol Used During Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sessions for Tinnitus - Sarah M. Theodoroff; Alexander A. Stevens; Garnett McMillan; David R. Pettersson; William Woodward; Robert L. Folmer (Brain Topography, 2018)

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Temperature sensitivities of extracellular enzyme V max and K m across thermal environments - Steven D. Allison; Adriana L. Romero‐Olivares; Ying Lu; John W. Taylor; Kathleen K. Treseder (Global Change Biology, 2018)
The magnitude and direction of carbon cycle feedbacks under climate warming remain uncertain due to insufficient knowledge about the temperature sensitivities of soil microbial processes. Enzymatic rates could increase at higher temperatures, but this response could change over time if soil microbes adapt to warming. We used the Arrhenius relationship, biochemical transition state theory, and thermal physiology theory to predict the responses of extracellular enzyme V max and K m to temperature. Based on these concepts, we hypothesized that V max and K m would correlate positively with each other and show positive temperature sensitivities. For enzymes from warmer environments, we expected to find lower V max , K m , and K m temperature sensitivity but higher V max temperature sensitivity. We tested these hypotheses with isolates of the filamentous fungus Neurospora discreta collected from around the globe and with decomposing leaf litter from a warming experiment in Alaskan boreal forest. For Neurospora extracellular enzymes, V max Q 10 ranged from 1.48 to 2.25, and K m Q 10 ranged from 0.71 to 2.80. In agreement with theory, V max and K m were positively correlated for some enzymes, and V max declined under experimental warming in Alaskan litter. However, the temperature sensitivities of V max and K m did not vary as expected with warming. We also found no relationship between temperature sensitivity of V max or K m and mean annual temperature of the isolation site for Neurospora strains. Declining V max in the Alaskan warming treatment implies a short‐term negative feedback to climate change, but the Neurospora results suggest that climate‐driven changes in plant inputs and soil properties are important controls on enzyme kinetics in the long term. Our empirical data on enzyme V max , K m , and temperature sensitivities should be useful for parameterizing existing biogeochemical models, but they reveal a need to develop new theory on thermal adaptation mechanisms.

Woody plants optimise stomatal behaviour relative to hydraulic risk - William R. L. Anderegg; Adam Wolf; Adriana Arango‐Velez; Brendan Choat; Daniel J. Chmura; Steven Jansen; Thomas Kolb; Shan Li; Frederick C. Meinzer; Pilar Pita; Víctor Resco de Dios; John S. Sperry; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Stomatal response to environmental conditions forms the backbone of all ecosystem and carbon cycle models, but is largely based on empirical relationships. Evolutionary theories of stomatal behaviour are critical for guarding against prediction errors of empirical models under future climates. Longstanding theory holds that stomata maximise fitness by acting to maintain constant marginal water use efficiency over a given time horizon, but a recent evolutionary theory proposes that stomata instead maximise carbon gain minus carbon costs/risk of hydraulic damage. Using data from 34 species that span global forest biomes, we find that the recent carbon‐maximisation optimisation theory is widely supported, revealing that the evolution of stomatal regulation has not been primarily driven by attainment of constant marginal water use efficiency. Optimal control of stomata to manage hydraulic risk is likely to have significant consequences for ecosystem fluxes during drought, which is critical given projected intensification of the global hydrological cycle.

Integrating Dynamic Subsurface Habitat Metrics Into Species Distribution Models - Stephanie Brodie; Michael G. Jacox; Steven J. Bograd; Heather Welch; Heidi Dewar; Kylie L. Scales; Sara M. Maxwell; Dana M. Briscoe; Christopher A. Edwards; Larry B. Crowder; Rebecca L. Lewison; Elliott L. Hazen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Mechanisms of Cross-Shore Transport and Spatial Variability of Phytoplankton on a Rip-Channeled Beach - Atsushi G. Fujimura; Ad J. H. M. Reniers; Claire B. Paris; Alan L. Shanks; Jamie H. MacMahan; Steven G. Morgan (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Wild bee abundance declines with urban warming, regardless of floral density - April L. Hamblin; Elsa Youngsteadt; Steven D. Frank (Urban Ecosystems, 2018)

A novel population of composite mounds: their initiation, growth and demise. San Emiliano Formation, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain - Steven L. Rogers (Journal of Iberian Geology, 2018)

Evaluation of eDNA for groundwater invertebrate detection and monitoring: a case study with endangered Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) - Matthew L. Niemiller; Megan L. Porter; Jenna Keany; Heather Gilbert; Daniel W. Fong; David C. Culver; Christopher S. Hobson; K. Denise Kendall; Mark A. Davis; Steven J. Taylor (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2018)

Ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria are the primary N 2 O producers in an ammonia‐oxidizing archaea dominated alkaline agricultural soil - Kelley A. Meinhardt; Nejc Stopnisek; Manmeet W. Pannu; Stuart E. Strand; Steven C. Fransen; Karen L. Casciotti; David A. Stahl (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary Most agricultural N 2 O emissions are a consequence of microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and mitigating increases in N 2 O emission will depend on identifying microbial sources and variables influencing their activities. Here, using controlled microcosm and field studies, we found that synthetic N addition in any tested amount stimulated the production of N 2 O from ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB), but not archaea (AOA), from a bioenergy crop soil. The activities of these two populations were differentiated by N treatments, with abundance and activity of AOB increasing as nitrate and N 2 O production increased. Moreover, as N 2 O production increased, the isotopic composition of N 2 O was consistent with an AOB source. Relative N 2 O contributions by both populations were quantified using selective inhibitors and varying N availability. Complementary field analyses confirmed a positive correlation between N 2 O flux and AOB abundance with N application. Collectively, our data indicate that AOB are the major N 2 O producers, even with low N addition, and that better‐metered N application, complemented by selective inhibitors, could reduce projected N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils.

Nearshore Larval Retention and Cross-Shelf Migration of Benthic Crustaceans at an Upwelling Center - Steven G. Morgan; Seth H. Miller; Matt J. Robart; John L. Largier (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

DNA metabarcoding of nestling feces reveals provisioning of aquatic prey and resource partitioning among Neotropical migratory songbirds in a riparian habitat - Brian K. Trevelline; Tim Nuttle; Brandon D. Hoenig; Nathan L. Brouwer; Brady A. Porter; Steven C. Latta (Oecologia, 2018)

Experimental Aspects of Measuring the Vial Heat Transfer Coefficient in Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying - Lindsay A. Wegiel; Steven J. Ferris; Steven L. Nail (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018)

Beyond trees: Biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa - Vincent Droissart; Gilles Dauby; Olivier J. Hardy; Vincent Deblauwe; David J. Harris; Steven Janssens; Barbara A. Mackinder; Anne Blach‐Overgaard; Bonaventure Sonké; Marc S. M. Sosef; Tariq Stévart; Jens‐Christian Svenning; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2018)
Aim To delineate bioregions in tropical Africa and determine whether different plant growth forms (trees, terrestrial herbs, lianas and shrubs) display the same pattern of regionalization, diversity and endemism as the whole flora. Location Tropical Africa (excl. Madagascar), from 20° N to 25° S. Taxon Vascular plants. Methods Analyses were based on occurrences of 24,719 vascular plant species distributed across tropical Africa extracted from the RAINBIO database. The majority of species (93%) were classified into four growth forms: terrestrial herbs, trees, shrubs and lianas. Biogeographical regions (bioregions) were delimited using a bipartite network clustering approach on the whole dataset and then separately for each growth form. Relationships among bioregions were investigated using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination, flora nestedness and endemism patterns. Results Analyses of the whole dataset identified 16 bioregions and 11 transition zones. These were congruent with most of the currently recognized phytogeographical classifications, and also highlighted previously under‐recognized bioregions. Bioregion endemism rates were lower and species richness higher when compared to estimates from the White/ Association pour l'Etude Taxonomique de la Flore d'Afrique Tropicale (AETFAT) classification. Analysed separately, plant growth forms showed contrasting geographical patterns. Bioregionalization was better resolved for closed forest types using trees and lianas and for open vegetation types using terrestrial herbs, while shrubs showed good discriminative power in all vegetation types. Main conclusions We show that distribution patterns based on solely trees are not sufficient to define floristic bioregions in tropical Africa. Analyses of spatial patterns using different growth forms are complementary, likely reflecting different evolutionary processes and ecological relationships. The contribution of growth forms to delimit geographical floristic patterns across tropical Africa is of critical importance for land use planning and management, and for selecting priority conservation areas.

Novel Magnetic Nanocarbon and Its Adsorption of Hg and Pb from Water - Kai Guo; Steven L. Larson; John H. Ballard; Zikri Arslan; Rong Zhang; Yong Ran; Yi Su; Fengxiang X. Han (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2018)

Nitrogen balance in dryland agroecosystem in response to tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice - Upendra M. Sainju; Andrew W. Lenssen; Brett L. Allen; William B. Stevens; Jalal D. Jabro (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2018)

Global Trends in Mineral Commodities for Advanced Technologies - Steven M. Fortier; Christine L. Thomas; Erin A. McCullough; Amy C. Tolcin (Natural Resources Research, 2018)

Fulani pastoralists’ transformation process: a sustainable development approach in the Western Highlands of Cameroon - Richard A. Mbih; Steven L. Driever; Stephen K. Ndzeidze; Mbongowo J. Mbuh; Carine S. Bongadzem; Harry M. Wirngo (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2018)

Adjoint analysis of Buckley-Leverett and two-phase flow equations - Savithru Jayasinghe; David L. Darmofal; Marshall C. Galbraith; Nicholas K. Burgess; Steven R. Allmaras (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

A global analysis of elevational distribution of non‐native versus native plants - Qinfeng Guo; Songlin Fei; Zehao Shen; Basil V. Iannone; Jonathan Knott; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Biogeography, 2018)
Aim Much is known about the elevational diversity patterns of native species and about the mechanisms that drive these patterns. A similar level of understanding is needed for non‐native species. Using published data, we examine elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plants and compare the resulting patterns with those observed for native plants. Location Global. Methods We compiled data from 65 case studies on elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plants around the world (including 32 cases in which both non‐native and native plants were sampled). We compared the elevational distributions (upper and lower limits, and extents) and diversity patterns of non‐native and native species. Results Compared to native plant species, the elevational diversity patterns of non‐native plant species were more negative (47% vs. 13%) and less unimodal (44% vs. 84%). That is, non‐native species richness tended to be highest at lower elevations, whereas native species richness peaked at mid‐elevations. In cases where species richness for both non‐native and native species on the same mountains showed unimodal patterns in relation to elevation, maximum values in species richness occurred at lower elevations for non‐native species. Main conclusions At present levels of invasion, non‐native and native species show different patterns in both distribution and diversity along elevational gradients worldwide. However, our observations constitute a snapshot of ongoing, long‐term invasion processes. As non‐native species typically show strong associations with human activities, future changes in human population (e.g. growth and migration), land use and climate change may promote upward spread of non‐native species and may thus increase risks of impact on native species and communities.

Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient - T. Michael Anderson; Daniel M. Griffith; James B. Grace; Eric M. Lind; Peter B. Adler; Lori A. Biederman; Dana M. Blumenthal; Pedro Daleo; Jennifer Firn; Nicole Hagenah; W. Stanley Harpole; Andrew S. MacDougall; et al. (Ecology, 2018)
Plant stoichiometry, the relative concentration of elements, is a key regulator of ecosystem functioning and is also being altered by human activities. In this paper we sought to understand the global drivers of plant stoichiometry and compare the relative contribution of climatic vs. anthropogenic effects. We addressed this goal by measuring plant elemental (C, N, P and K) responses to eutrophication and vertebrate herbivore exclusion at eighteen sites on six continents. Across sites, climate and atmospheric N deposition emerged as strong predictors of plot‐level tissue nutrients, mediated by biomass and plant chemistry. Within sites, fertilization increased total plant nutrient pools, but results were contingent on soil fertility and the proportion of grass biomass relative to other functional types. Total plant nutrient pools diverged strongly in response to herbivore exclusion when fertilized; responses were largest in ungrazed plots at low rainfall, whereas herbivore grazing dampened the plant community nutrient responses to fertilization. Our study highlights (1) the importance of climate in determining plant nutrient concentrations mediated through effects on plant biomass, (2) that eutrophication affects grassland nutrient pools via both soil and atmospheric pathways and (3) that interactions among soils, herbivores and eutrophication drive plant nutrient responses at small scales, especially at water‐limited sites.

TAG Plume: Revisiting the Hydrothermal Neodymium Contribution to Seawater - Torben Stichel; Katharina Pahnke; Brian Duggan; Steven L. Goldstein; Alison E. Hartman; Ronja Paffrath; Howie D. Scher (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Structure and Inhibitor Specificity of L,D-Transpeptidase (LdtMt2) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Antibiotic Resistance: Calcium Binding Promotes Dimer Formation - Kuppan Gokulan; Sangeeta Khare; Carl E. Cerniglia; Steven L. Foley; Kottayil I. Varughese (The AAPS Journal, 2018)

Development of a Multimetric Index for Integrated Assessment of Salt Marsh Ecosystem Condition - Jessica L. Nagel; Hilary A. Neckles; Glenn R. Guntenspergen; Erika N. Rocks; Donald R. Schoolmaster; James B. Grace; Dennis Skidds; Sara Stevens (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Comparison of four modeling tools for the prediction of potential distribution for non-indigenous weeds in the United States - Roger Magarey; Leslie Newton; Seung Cheon Hong; Yu Takeuchi; David Christie; Catherine S. Jarnevich; Lisa Kohl; Martin Damus; Steven I. Higgins; Leah Millar; Karen Castro; Amanda West; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Low and variable ecosystem calcification in a coral reef lagoon under natural acidification - Kathryn E. F. Shamberger; Steven J. Lentz; Anne L. Cohen (Limnology and Oceanography, 2018)
Laboratory‐based CO 2 experiments and studies of naturally low pH coral reef ecosystems reveal negative impacts of ocean acidification on the calcifying communities that build coral reefs. Conversely, in Palau's low pH lagoons, coral cover is high, coral communities are diverse, and calcification rates of two reef‐building corals exhibit no apparent sensitivity to the strong natural gradient in pH and aragonite saturation state (Ω ar ). We developed two methods to quantify rates of Net Ecosystem Calcification (NEC), the ecosystem‐level balance between calcification and dissolution, in Risong Lagoon, where average daily pH is ∼ 7.9 and Ω ar ∼ 2.7. While coral cover in the lagoon is within the range of other Pacific reefs (∼ 26%), NEC rates were among the lowest measured, averaging 25.9 ± 13.7 mmol m −2 d −1 over two 4 d study periods. NEC rates were highly variable, ranging from a low of 13.7 mmol m −2 d −1 in March 2012 to a high of 40.3 mmol m −2 d −1 in November 2013, despite no significant changes in temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients, Ω ar , or pH. Our results indicate that the coral reef community of Risong Lagoon produces just enough calcium carbonate to maintain net positive calcification but comes dangerously close to net zero or negative NEC (net dissolution). Identifying the factors responsible for low NEC rates as well as the drivers of NEC variability in naturally low pH reef systems are key to predicting their futures under 21 st century climate change.

Understanding and managing fish populations: keeping the toolbox fit for purpose - J. R. Paris; K. D. Sherman; E. Bell; C. Boulenger; C. Delord; M. B. M. El‐Mahdi; E. A. Fairfield; A. M. Griffiths; C. Gutmann Roberts; R. D. Hedger; L. E. Holman; L. H. Hooper; et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2018)
Wild fish populations are currently experiencing unprecedented pressures, which are projected to intensify in the coming decades. Developing a thorough understanding of the influences of both biotic and abiotic factors on fish populations is a salient issue in contemporary fish conservation and management. During the 50th Anniversary Symposium of The Fisheries Society of the British Isles at the University of Exeter, UK, in July 2017, scientists from diverse research backgrounds gathered to discuss key topics under the broad umbrella of ‘Understanding Fish Populations’. Below, the output of one such discussion group is detailed, focusing on tools used to investigate natural fish populations. Five main groups of approaches were identified: tagging and telemetry; molecular tools; survey tools; statistical and modelling tools; tissue analyses. The appraisal covered current challenges and potential solutions for each of these topics. In addition, three key themes were identified as applicable across all tool‐based applications. These included data management, public engagement, and fisheries policy and governance. The continued innovation of tools and capacity to integrate interdisciplinary approaches into the future assessment and management of fish populations is highlighted as an important focus for the next 50 years of fisheries research.

Chronosequence predictions are robust in a Neotropical secondary forest, but plots miss the mark - Justin M. Becknell; Stephen Porder; Steven Hancock; Robin L. Chazdon; Michelle A. Hofton; James B. Blair; James R. Kellner (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Tropical secondary forests (TSF) are a global carbon sink of 1.6 Pg C/year. However, TSF carbon uptake is estimated using chronosequence studies that assume differently aged forests can be used to predict change in aboveground biomass density (AGBD) over time. We tested this assumption using two airborne lidar datasets separated by 11.5 years over a Neotropical landscape. Using data from 1998, we predicted canopy height and AGBD within 1.1 and 10.3% of observations in 2009, with higher accuracy for forest height than AGBD and for older TSFs in comparison to younger ones. This result indicates that the space‐for‐time assumption is robust at the landscape‐scale. However, since lidar measurements of secondary tropical forest are rare, we used the 1998 lidar dataset to test how well plot‐based studies quantify the mean TSF height and biomass in a landscape. We found that the sample area required to produce estimates of height or AGBD close to the landscape mean is larger than the typical area sampled in secondary forest chronosequence studies. For example, estimating AGBD within 10% of the landscape mean requires more than thirty 0.1 ha plots per age class, and more total area for larger plots. We conclude that under‐sampling in ground‐based studies may introduce error into estimations of the TSF carbon sink, and that this error can be reduced by more extensive use of lidar measurements.

Marine Debris on Small Islands: Insights from an Educational Outreach Program in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia - Christine Sur; Jessica M. Abbott; Rohani Ambo-Rappe; Nenni Asriani; Sarah O. Hameed; Brittany M. Jellison; Hasriani A. Lestari; Steven R. Limbong; Musdalifah Mandasari; Gabriel Ng; Erin V. Satterthwaite; Sulham Syahid; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Endovascular Biopsy: In Vivo Cerebral Aneurysm Endothelial Cell Sampling and Gene Expression Analysis - Daniel L. Cooke; David B. McCoy; Van V. Halbach; Steven W. Hetts; Matthew R. Amans; Christopher F. Dowd; Randall T. Higashida; Devon Lawson; Jeffrey Nelson; Chih-Yang Wang; Helen Kim; Zena Werb; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2018)

Introduction to mammalian genome special issue: the combined role of genetics and environment relevant to human disease outcomes - Ivan Rusyn; Steven R. Kleeberger; Kimberly A. McAllister; John E. French; Karen L. Svenson (Mammalian Genome, 2018)

Inter-individual variation in adaptations to endurance and resistance exercise training: genetic approaches towards understanding a complex phenotype - Heather L. Vellers; Steven R. Kleeberger; J. Timothy Lightfoot (Mammalian Genome, 2018)

Inter-individual variation in health and disease associated with pulmonary infectious agents - Kirsten C. Verhein; Heather L. Vellers; Steven R. Kleeberger (Mammalian Genome, 2018)

Genetic diversity and phenotypic variation for drought resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm collected for drought tolerance - Tiejun Zhang; Sandya Kesoju; Stephanie L. Greene; Steven Fransen; Jinguo Hu; Long-Xi Yu (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2018)

A Simulation Framework for Assessing Physical and Wildlife Impacts of Oil and Gas Development Scenarios in Southwestern Wyoming - Steven L. Garman (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2018)

A space-time adaptive method for reservoir flows: formulation and one-dimensional application - Savithru Jayasinghe; David L. Darmofal; Nicholas K. Burgess; Marshall C. Galbraith; Steven R. Allmaras (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

Decadal prediction of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in the HiGEM high-resolution climate model - Jon Robson; Irene Polo; Dan L. R. Hodson; David P. Stevens; Len C. Shaffrey (Climate Dynamics, 2018)

High refuge availability on coral reefs increases the vulnerability of reef‐associated predators to overexploitation - Alice Rogers; Julia L. Blanchard; Steven P. Newman; Charlie S. Dryden; Peter J. Mumby (Ecology, 2018)
Refuge availability and fishing alter predator‐prey interactions on coral reefs, but our understanding of how they interact to drive food web dynamics, community structure and vulnerability of different trophic groups is unclear. Here, we apply a size‐based ecosystem model of coral reefs, parameterized with empirical measures of structural complexity, to predict fish biomass, productivity and community structure in reef ecosystems under a broad range of refuge availability and fishing regimes. In unfished ecosystems, the expected positive correlation between reef structural complexity and biomass emerges, but a non‐linear effect of predation refuges is observed for the productivity of predatory fish. Reefs with intermediate complexity have the highest predator productivity, but when refuge availability is high and prey are less available, predator growth rates decrease, with significant implications for fisheries. Specifically, as fishing intensity increases, predators in habitats with high refuge availability exhibit vulnerability to over‐exploitation, resulting in communities dominated by herbivores. Our study reveals mechanisms for threshold dynamics in predators living in complex habitats and elucidates how predators can be food‐limited when most of their prey are able to hide. We also highlight the importance of nutrient recycling via the detrital pathway, to support high predator biomasses on coral reefs.

Dissociable effects of the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine on pain/itch-stimulated and pain/itch-depressed behaviors in male rats - Matthew L. Lazenka; Megan J. Moerke; E. Andrew Townsend; Kevin B. Freeman; F. Ivy Carroll; S. Stevens Negus (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Identifying shifts in maternity den phenology and habitat characteristics of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Baffin Bay and Kane Basin - Erica Escajeda; Kristin L. Laidre; Erik W. Born; Øystein Wiig; Stephen Atkinson; Markus Dyck; Steven H. Ferguson; Nicholas J. Lunn (Polar Biology, 2018)

Persistent Differences in Horizontal Gradients in Phytoplankton Concentration Maintained by Surf Zone Hydrodynamics - Alan L. Shanks; Steven G. Morgan; Jamie MacMahan; Ad J.H.M. Reniers; Marley Jarvis; Jenna Brown; Atsushi Fujimura; Lisa Ziccarelli; Chris Griesemer (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Upstream—Downstream Shifts in Peak Recruitment of the Native Olympia Oyster in San Francisco Bay During Wet and Dry Years - Andrew L. Chang; Anna K. Deck; Lindsay J. Sullivan; Steven G. Morgan; Matthew C. Ferner (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation - J Rasmus Nielsen; Eric Thunberg; Daniel S Holland; Jorn O Schmidt; Elizabeth A Fulton; Francois Bastardie; Andre E Punt; Icarus Allen; Heleen Bartelings; Michel Bertignac; Eckhard Bethke; Sieme Bossier; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area‐specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader‐scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models ( IEEFM s) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFM s applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo‐dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFM s requiring a long‐term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision‐making.

Climate mediates the success of migration strategies in a marine predator - Briana Abrahms; Elliott L. Hazen; Steven J. Bograd; Justin S. Brashares; Patrick W. Robinson; Kylie L. Scales; Daniel E. Crocker; Daniel P. Costa (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Individual behavioural specialisation has far‐reaching effects on fitness and population persistence. Theory predicts that unconditional site fidelity, that is fidelity to a site independent of past outcome, provides a fitness advantage in unpredictable environments. However, the benefits of alternative site fidelity strategies driving intraspecific variation remain poorly understood and have not been evaluated in different environmental contexts. We show that contrary to expectation, strong and weak site fidelity strategies in migratory northern elephant seals performed similarly over 10 years, but the success of each strategy varied interannually and was strongly mediated by climate conditions. Strong fidelity facilitated stable energetic rewards and low risk, while weak fidelity facilitated high rewards and high risk. Weak fidelity outperformed strong fidelity in anomalous climate conditions, suggesting that the evolutionary benefits of site fidelity may be upended by increasing environmental variability. We highlight how individual behavioural specialisation may modulate the adaptive capacity of species to climate change.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Sense of Smell in U.S. Older Adults: Identification of Novel Risk Loci in African-Americans and European-Americans - Jing Dong; Annah Wyss; Jingyun Yang; T. Ryan Price; Aude Nicolas; Michael Nalls; Greg Tranah; Nora Franceschini; Zongli Xu; Claudia Schulte; Alvaro Alonso; Steven R. Cummings; et al. (Molecular Neurobiology, 2017)

The relationship between physical activity, obesity, and lung cancer risk by smoking status in a large prospective cohort of US adults - Alpa V. Patel; Brian D. Carter; Victoria L. Stevens; Mia M. Gaudet; Peter T. Campbell; Susan M. Gapstur (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Aquatic biodiversity in forests: a weak link in ecosystem services resilience - Brooke E. Penaluna; Deanna H. Olson; Rebecca L. Flitcroft; Matthew A. Weber; J. Ryan Bellmore; Steven M. Wondzell; Jason B. Dunham; Sherri L. Johnson; Gordon H. Reeves (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017)

Ranges of Injury Risk Associated with Impact from Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Eamon T. Campolettano; Megan L. Bland; Ryan A. Gellner; David W. Sproule; Bethany Rowson; Abigail M. Tyson; Stefan M. Duma; Steven Rowson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Drivers of nitrogen transfer in stream food webs across continents - Beth C. Norman; Matt R. Whiles; Sarah M. Collins; Alexander S. Flecker; Steve K. Hamilton; Sherri L. Johnson; Emma J. Rosi; Linda R. Ashkenas; William B. Bowden; Chelsea L. Crenshaw; Todd Crowl; Walter K. Dodds; et al. (Ecology, 2017)
Studies of trophic‐level material and energy transfers are central to ecology. The use of isotopic tracers has now made it possible to measure trophic transfer efficiencies of important nutrients and to better understand how these materials move through food webs. We analyzed data from thirteen 15 N‐ammonium tracer addition experiments to quantify N transfer from basal resources to animals in headwater streams with varying physical, chemical, and biological features. N transfer efficiencies from primary uptake compartments (PUCs; heterotrophic microorganisms and primary producers) to primary consumers was lower (mean 11.5%, range 100%). Total N transferred (as a rate) was greater in streams with open compared to closed canopies and overall N transfer efficiency generally followed a similar pattern, although was not statistically significant. We used principal component analysis to condense a suite of site characteristics into two environmental components. Total N uptake rates among trophic levels were best predicted by the component that was correlated with latitude, DIN:SRP, GPP:ER, and percent canopy cover. N transfer efficiency did not respond consistently to environmental variables. Our results suggest that canopy cover influences N movement through stream food webs because light availability and primary production facilitate N transfer to higher trophic levels.

ATLANTIC BATS : a data set of bat communities from the Atlantic Forests of South America - Renata d. L. Muylaert; Richard D. Stevens; Carlos E. L. Esbérard; Marco A. R. Mello; Guilherme S. T. Garbino; Luiz H. Varzinczak; Deborah Faria; Marcelo d. M. Weber; Patricia Kerches Rogeri; André L. Regolin; Hernani F. M. d. Oliveira; Luciana d. M. Costa; et al. (Ecology, 2017)
Bats are the second most diverse mammal order and they provide vital ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient flux in caves) and services (e.g., crop pest suppression). Bats are also important vectors of infectious diseases, harboring more than 100 different virus types. In the present study, we compiled information on bat communities from the Atlantic Forests of South America, a species‐rich biome that is highly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. The ATLANTIC BATS data set comprises 135 quantitative studies carried out in 205 sites, which cover most vegetation types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest: dense ombrophilous forest, mixed ombrophilous forest, semideciduous forest, deciduous forest, savanna, steppe, and open ombrophilous forest. The data set includes information on more than 90,000 captures of 98 bat species of eight families. Species richness averaged 12.1 per site, with a median value of 10 species (ranging from 1 to 53 species). Six species occurred in more than 50% of the communities: Artibeus lituratus , Carollia perspicillata , Sturnira lilium , Artibeus fimbriatus , Glossophaga soricina , and Platyrrhinus lineatus . The number of captures divided by sampling effort, a proxy for abundance, varied from 0.000001 to 0.77 individuals·h −1 ·m −2 (0.04 ± 0.007 individuals·h −1 ·m −2 ). Our data set reveals a hyper‐dominance of eight species that together that comprise 80% of all captures: Platyrrhinus lineatus (2.3%), Molossus molossus (2.8%), Artibeus obscurus (3.4%), Artibeus planirostris (5.2%), Artibeus fimbriatus (7%), Sturnira lilium (14.5%), Carollia perspicillata (15.6%), and Artibeus lituratus (29.2%).

Opportunism on the High Seas: Foraging Ecology of Olive Ridley Turtles in the Eastern Pacific Ocean - Lindsey E. Peavey; Brian N. Popp; Robert L. Pitman; Steven D. Gaines; Karen E. Arthur; Shaleyla Kelez; Jeffrey A. Seminoff (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Reconstructing variability in West Greenland ocean biogeochemistry and bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) food web structure using amino acid isotope ratios - Corinne Pomerleau; Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen; Steven H. Ferguson; Harry L. Stern; Jacob L. Høyer; Gary A. Stern (Polar Biology, 2017)

Range expansion of two invasive springtails on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island - Laura Phillips; Charlene Janion-Scheepers; Melissa Houghton; Aleks Terauds; Mikhail Potapov; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2017)

Effect of Aggregation on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin - Mariya A. Pindrus; James L. Cole; Japneet Kaur; Steven J. Shire; Sandeep Yadav; Devendra S. Kalonia (Pharmaceutical Research, 2017)

Reconstructing 800 years of summer temperatures in Scotland from tree rings - Miloš Rydval; Neil J. Loader; Björn E. Gunnarson; Daniel L. Druckenbrod; Hans W. Linderholm; Steven G. Moreton; Cheryl V. Wood; Rob Wilson (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Surf zones regulate larval supply and zooplankton subsidies to nearshore communities - Steven G. Morgan; Alan L. Shanks; Jamie MacMahan; Ad J. H. M. Reniers; Chris D. Griesemer; Marley Jarvis; Atsushi G. Fujimura (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Surf zone hydrodynamics vary along shorelines potentially affecting the delivery of larvae and zooplankton subsidies to intertidal communities, and, hence, the intensity of postsettlement interactions, growth and reproduction of filter‐feeding foundation species and planktivorous fishes. We investigated the ability of zooplankton assemblages to enter the wide surf zone of the rip‐channeled, more dissipative beach at Sand City, California, and the narrow surf zone of the steep reflective beach at nearby Carmel River State Beach. Every day for a month, we surveyed zooplankton inside and outside the surf zone and concomitant larval settlement of the dominant invertebrate onshore at each site in this upwelling regime. At the more dissipative surf zone, all zooplankters were far more concentrated inside than outside the surf zone. Many taxa increased in the surf zone and the predominant invertebrate on beaches, Emerita analoga , settled abundantly when prevailing northwesterly winds relaxed and waves were small. At the reflective surf zone, concentrations of zooplankters of most taxa were far greater outside than inside the surf zone, and many taxa increased in the surf zone when waves were small. Twice as many taxa were positively correlated inside and outside the surf zone at the dissipative than the reflective surf zone, indicating that zooplankters were more freely exchanged although behavior also played a role. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in surf zone hydrodynamics may regulate subsidies of zooplankton food and larval recruits to nearshore communities with potential cascading effects on community dynamics and structure.

Seasonal nitrogen uptake and regeneration in the western coastal Arctic - Steven E. Baer; Rachel E. Sipler; Quinn N. Roberts; Patricia L. Yager; Marc E. Frischer; Deborah A. Bronk (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Here, we present the first study to investigate the seasonal importance of amino acid‐nitrogen (N) to Arctic near shore microbial communities. We measured primary productivity and the uptake of ammonium, nitrate, urea, and amino acids in two size fractions (> 3 μ m and approximately 0.7–3 μ m), as well as ammonium regeneration and nitrification using 15 N and 13 C tracer approaches in the near‐shore waters of the Chukchi Sea, during January, April, and August for two consecutive years. At discrete depths, nitrate comprised 46–78% of the total dissolved N pool during January and April but only 2–6% during August. Dissolved organic N (DON) concentrations increased between January and August though the carbon (C) : N (mol : mol) of the DON pool declined. Of the substrates tested, amino acids supported the bulk of both N and C nutrition in both size fractions during January and April (ice‐covered). Urea generally had the lowest uptake rate under ice‐covered conditions; uptake of urea‐C was only detectable in August. Though previous Arctic studies focused largely on nitrate, we found nitrate uptake was generally lower than other substrates tested. The sharp decline in nitrate concentration between April and August, however, indicates a drawdown of nitrate during that period. Rates of ammonium uptake were highest in August, when it was the dominant N substrate used. During all sample periods, rates of ammonium regeneration were sufficient to supply ammonium demand. Rates of nitrification varied between sample periods, however, with much higher rates seen in January and April.

The relationship of impulsivity and cortical thickness in depressed and non-depressed adolescents - Yuli Fradkin; Sabin Khadka; Katie L. Bessette; Michael C. Stevens (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Genetic and epigenetic insight into morphospecies in a reef coral - James L. Dimond; Sanoosh K. Gamblewood; Steven B. Roberts (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Incongruence between conventional and molecular systematics has left the delineation of many species unresolved. Reef‐building corals are no exception, with phenotypic plasticity among the most plausible explanations for alternative morphospecies. As potential molecular signatures of phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic processes may contribute to our understanding of morphospecies. We compared genetic and epigenetic variation in Caribbean branching Porites spp., testing the hypothesis that epigenetics—specifically, differential patterns of DNA methylation—play a role in alternative morphotypes of a group whose taxonomic status has been questioned. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to analyse over 1,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and CpG sites in 27 samples of Porites spp. exhibiting a range of morphotypes from a variety of habitats in Belize. We found stronger evidence for genetic rather than epigenetic structuring, identifying three well‐defined genetic groups. One of these groups exhibited significantly thicker branches, and branch thickness was a better predictor of genetic groups than depth, habitat or symbiont type. In contrast, no clear epigenetic patterns emerged with respect to phenotypic or habitat variables. While there was a weak positive correlation between pairwise genetic and epigenetic distance, two pairs of putative clones exhibited substantial epigenetic differences, suggesting a strong environmental effect. We speculate that epigenetic patterns are a complex mosaic reflecting diverse environmental histories superimposed over a relatively small heritable component. Given the role of genetics in branching Porites spp. morphospecies we were able to detect with genomewide sequencing, use of such techniques throughout the geographic range of these corals may help settle their phylogeny.

Medical Knowledge Assessment by Hematology and Medical Oncology In-Training Examinations Are Better Than Program Director Assessments at Predicting Subspecialty Certification Examination Performance - Frances A. Collichio; Brian J. Hess; Elaine A. Muchmore; Lauren Duhigg; Rebecca S. Lipner; Steven Haist; Janine L. Hawley; Carol A. Morrison; Charles P. Clayton; Marilyn J. Raymond; Karen M. Kayoumi; Scott D. Gitlin (Journal of Cancer Education, 2017)

Top-down cortical interactions in visuospatial attention - Timothy P. Meehan; Steven L. Bressler; Wei Tang; Serguei V. Astafiev; Chad M. Sylvester; Gordon L. Shulman; Maurizio Corbetta (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

A call for more physiology at conservation conferences - Christine L. Madliger; Steven J. Cooke; Oliver P. Love (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017)

Local genes for local bacteria: Evidence of allopatry in the genomes of transatlantic Campylobacter populations - Ben Pascoe; Guillaume Méric; Koji Yahara; Helen Wimalarathna; Susan Murray; Matthew D. Hitchings; Emma L. Sproston; Catherine D. Carrillo; Eduardo N. Taboada; Kerry K. Cooper; Steven Huynh; Alison J. Cody; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
The genetic structure of bacterial populations can be related to geographical locations of isolation. In some species, there is a strong correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance, which can be caused by different evolutionary mechanisms. Patterns of ancient admixture in Helicobacter pylori can be reconstructed in concordance with past human migration, whereas in Mycobacterium tuberculosis it is the lack of recombination that causes allopatric clusters. In Campylobacter , analyses of genomic data and molecular typing have been successful in determining the reservoir host species, but not geographical origin. We investigated biogeographical variation in highly recombining genes to determine the extent of clustering between genomes from geographically distinct Campylobacter populations. Whole‐genome sequences from 294 Campylobacter isolates from North America and the UK were analysed. Isolates from within the same country shared more recently recombined DNA than isolates from different countries. Using 15 UK /American closely matched pairs of isolates that shared ancestors, we identify regions that have frequently and recently recombined to test their correlation with geographical origin. The seven genes that demonstrated the greatest clustering by geography were used in an attribution model to infer geographical origin which was tested using a further 383 UK clinical isolates to detect signatures of recent foreign travel. Patient records indicated that in 46 cases, travel abroad had occurred UK origin. Identification of biogeographical markers in Campylobacter genomes will contribute to improved source attribution of clinical Campylobacter infection and inform intervention strategies to reduce campylobacteriosis.

Chemical and photophysiological impact of terrestrially‐derived dissolved organic matter on nitrate uptake in the coastal western Arctic - Rachel E. Sipler; Steven E. Baer; Tara L. Connelly; Marc E. Frischer; Quinn N. Roberts; Patricia L. Yager; Deborah A. Bronk (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
The Arctic is warming at a rate nearly twice the global average, leading to thawing permafrost, increased coastal erosion, and enhanced delivery of riverine terrestrially‐derived dissolved organic matter (tDOM) to coastal waters. This humic‐rich tDOM has the ability to attenuate light required for photosynthesis and stimulate heterotrophic growth by supplying a source of labile organic carbon. Due to tDOM's high carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratio, additional nitrogen is required for microorganisms to utilize this excess carbon for growth, thus exacerbating competition between autotrophs and heterotrophs for limiting nutrients and potentially reducing primary production. The effect of Arctic tDOM additions on nitrate uptake by two microplankton size fractions in the coastal Chukchi Sea was quantified using 15 N tracer methods. To assess the biogeochemical vs. spectral impacts of tDOM, the uptake incubations were amended with either tDOM or light attenuating films that mimic light absorption by the tDOM. Nitrate uptake and primary production rates in the larger, predominantly phytoplankton, size fraction generally decreased with increasing tDOM additions. The change in light attenuation alone accounted for a ∼ 50% reduction in nitrate uptake. Responses in the smaller size fraction varied seasonally with tDOM additions stimulating uptake in spring and suppressing it in summer. The largest variation in summer nitrate uptake can be explained by the shared effect of biogeochemistry and light attenuation. Therefore, large increases in tDOM delivery currently occurring and predicted to increase in the coastal Arctic, could reduce primary production, broadly impact nitrogen and carbon cycling, and affect higher trophic levels.

Preclinical Development of a Prophylactic Neuroprotective Therapy for the Preventive Treatment of Anticipated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury - Frances Rena Bahjat; G. Alexander West; Steven G. Kohama; Christine Glynn; Henryk F. Urbanski; Theodore R. Hobbs; Eric Earl; Susan L. Stevens; Mary P. Stenzel-Poore (Translational Stroke Research, 2017)

Pollutant loading from low-density residential neighborhoods in California - Andrew E. Bale; Steven E. Greco; Bruno J. L. Pitton; Darren L. Haver; Lorence R. Oki (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2017)

The nature and consequences of cognitive deficits among tobacco smokers with HIV: a comparison to tobacco smokers without HIV - Joseph D. Harrison; Jessica A. Dochney; Sonja Blazekovic; Frank Leone; David Metzger; Ian Frank; Robert Gross; Anita Hole; Karam Mounzer; Steven Siegel; Robert A. Schnoll; Rebecca L. Ashare (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2017)

Individual Impact Magnitude vs. Cumulative Magnitude for Estimating Concussion Odds - Kathryn L. O’Connor; Thomas Peeters; Stefan Szymanski; Steven P. Broglio (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Effects of nintedanib on the microvascular architecture in a lung fibrosis model - Maximilian Ackermann; Yong Ook Kim; Willi L. Wagner; Detlef Schuppan; Cristian D. Valenzuela; Steven J. Mentzer; Sebastian Kreuz; Detlef Stiller; Lutz Wollin; Moritz A. Konerding (Angiogenesis, 2017)

Salix arctica changes root distribution and nutrient uptake in response to subsurface nutrients in High Arctic deserts - Amanda L. Muller; Sarah P. Hardy; Steven D. Mamet; Mitsuaki Ota; Eric G. Lamb; Steven D. Siciliano (Ecology, 2017)
Moisture is critical for plant success in polar deserts but not by the obvious pathway of reduced water stress. We hypothesized that an indirect, nutrient‐linked, pathway resulting from unique water/frozen soil interactions in polar deserts creates nutrient‐rich patches critical for plant growth. These nutrient‐rich patches (diapirs) form deep in High Arctic polar deserts soils from water accumulating at the permafrost freezing front and ultimately rising into the upper soil horizons through cryoturbated convective landforms (frost boils). To determine if diapirs provide an enhanced source of plant‐available N for Salix arctica (Arctic willow), we characterized soil, root, stem, and leaf 15 N natural abundance across 24 diapir and non‐diapir frost boils in a High Arctic granitic semi‐desert. When diapir horizons were available, S. arctica increased its subsurface (i.e., diapir) N uptake and plant root biomass doubled within diapir. Plant uptake of enriched 15 N injected into organic rich soil patches was 2.5‐fold greater in diapir than in non‐diapir frost boils. S. arctica percent cover was often higher (7.3 ± 1.0 [mean ± SE] ) on diapiric frost boils, compared to frost boils without diapirs (4.4 ± 0.7), potentially reflecting the additional 20% nitrogen available in the subsurface of diapiric frost boils. Selective N acquisition from diapirs is a mechanism by which soil moisture indirectly enhances plant growth. Our work suggests that diapirs may be one mechanism contributing to Arctic greening by shrub expansion.

Evaluating the Surface Response of Discharge Events in a New Zealand Gulf-ROFI - Joanne M. Ø'Callaghan; Craig L. Stevens (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

In Silico Prediction of Organ Level Toxicity: Linking Chemistry to Adverse Effects - Mark T.D. Cronin; Steven J. Enoch; Claire L. Mellor; Katarzyna R. Przybylak; Andrea-Nicole Richarz; Judith C. Madden (Toxicological Research, 2017)

Exome sequence genotype imputation in globally diverse hexaploid wheat accessions - Fan Shi; Josquin Tibbits; Raj K. Pasam; Pippa Kay; Debbie Wong; Joanna Petkowski; Kerrie L. Forrest; Ben J. Hayes; Alina Akhunova; John Davies; Steven Webb; German C. Spangenberg; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2017)

Abuse-related effects of subtype-selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators in an assay of intracranial self-stimulation in rats - Kathryn L. Schwienteck; Guanguan Li; Michael M. Poe; James M. Cook; Matthew L. Banks; S. Stevens Negus (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Chronic eccentric arm cycling improves maximum upper-body strength and power - Steven J. Elmer; Dakota J. Anderson; Travis R. Wakeham; Matthew A. Kilgas; John J. Durocher; Stan L. Lindstedt; Paul C. LaStayo (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

A novel cetacean adenovirus in stranded harbour porpoises from the North Sea: detection and molecular characterization - Steven J. van Beurden; Lonneke L. IJsseldijk; Marco W. G. van de Bildt; Lineke Begeman; James F. X. Wellehan; Thomas B. Waltzek; Geert de Vrieze; Andrea Gröne; Thijs Kuiken; M. Hélène Verheije; Judit J. Penzes (Archives of Virology, 2017)

Abiotic conditions drive significant variability in nutrient processing by a common Caribbean sponge, Ircinia felix - Stephanie K. Archer; Julia L. Stevens; Ryann E. Rossi; Kenan O. Matterson; Craig A. Layman (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Coral reefs typically occur in oligotrophic waters, where tight recycling of energy and nutrients is essential in order to support their high productivity. Sponges are efficient filter feeders that host diverse and abundant microbial communities that often contain members capable of carrying out complex nutrient transformations. Consequently, sponges often act as significant sources of bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus while acting as sinks for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, little attention has focused on variability of nutrient release by sponges and no studies have reported how abiotic conditions may impact sponge‐driven changes in nutrient concentrations. Here, we show that a common Caribbean sponge, Ircinia felix , is capable of being both a source and a sink for DOC, ammonium, nitrate/nitrite ( ), and phosphate ( ). Additionally, we show that abiotic conditions, particularly ambient nutrient availability, seem to explain a significant amount of the variability ( R 2 range from 0.40 to 0.65). Interestingly, as ambient nutrient concentrations increased, I. felix transitioned from acting as a source to serving as a sink for all nutrient forms measured. We also found I. felix ‐associated bacteria exhibit a significantly higher abundance of predicted nitrogen metabolism, carbon fixation, and photosynthetic genes relative to ambient water and sediment. These results suggest that sponges play an important and dynamic role in biogeochemical cycling on reefs, particularly as human activities alter natural nutrient dynamics in coastal systems.

Biogeographical assessment of myxomycete assemblages from Neotropical and Asian Palaeotropical forests - Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac; Yuri K. Novozhilov; Steven L. Stephenson; Carlos Lado; Carlos Rojas; Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz; Martin Unterseher; Martin Schnittler (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim Lowland/highland and Neotropical/Asian Palaeotropical assemblages of myxomycetes were compared to test the null hypothesis that neither species diversity nor species composition differs between the two ecoregions. This can be expected if myxomycetes behave as ubiquists and are capable of unlimited long distance dispersal. Location Four pairs (lowland/highland) of comprehensive regional surveys encompassing c . 7500 specimens were compared; these represented Neotropical (Yasuni/Maquipucuna in Ecuador; Guanacaste/Monteverde in Costa Rica) and Asian Palaeotropical forests (Cat Tien/Bi Dup Nui Ba in Vietnam; Chiang Mai in Thailand/South Luzon in the Philippines). Methods Each survey was carried out in an area characterized by relatively homogenous vegetation consisting of natural or near‐natural forests, and incorporated both field collecting and the use of moist chamber cultures, and all observed fructifications were recorded. Analyses of diversity (i.e. richness) and community composition were carried out with Estimate S and R. Results Between 400 and 2500 records per survey were obtained. Species accumulation curves indicated moderate to nearly exhaustive completeness (70–94% of expected species richness recorded). Multivariate analyses suggest that geographical separation (Neotropic versus Palaeotropic) explained the observed differences in composition of myxomycete assemblages better than habitat differences (lowland versus highland forests). Main Conclusion Both geographically restricted morphospecies and differences in myxomycete assemblages provide evidence that myxomycetes are not ubiquists but tend to follow the moderate endemicity hypothesis of protist biogeography.

Routine testing of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis - Marieke L. M. Jenniskens; Jan H. W. Veerbeek; Koen L. Deurloo; Erik J. van Hannen; Steven F. T. Thijsen (Infectious Diseases, 2017)

Physical mapping of DNA markers linked to stem rust resistance gene Sr47 in durum wheat - Daryl L. Klindworth; Jyoti Saini; Yunming Long; Matthew N. Rouse; Justin D. Faris; Yue Jin; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2017)

Chemical Eradication of the Ring Rot Bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus on Potato Storage Crates - L. H. Stevens; J. G. Lamers; P. S. van der Zouwen; O. Mendes; W. van den Berg; N. N. A. Tjou-Tam-Sin; C. J. T. J. Jilesen; P. M. Spoorenberg; J. M. van der Wolf (Potato Research, 2017)

Precise oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome - Wen-Zhi Jiang; Sarah Dumm; Mark E. Knuth; Steven L. Sanders; Donald P. Weeks (Plant Cell Reports, 2017)

Trans-ethnic fine-mapping of genetic loci for body mass index in the diverse ancestral populations of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study reveals evidence for multiple signals at established loci - Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes; Jian Gong; Jeffrey Haessler; Nora Franceschini; Mariaelisa Graff; Katherine K. Nishimura; Yujie Wang; Heather M. Highland; Sachiko Yoneyama; William S. Bush; Robert Goodloe; Marylyn D. Ritchie; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Alterations in microRNA expression associated with alcohol consumption in rectal cancer subjects - Lila E. Mullany; Jennifer S. Herrick; Roger K. Wolff; John R. Stevens; Martha L. Slattery (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

A Novel Idea to Improve Cardiac Output of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices by Optimizing Kinetic Energy Transfer Available in Forward Moving Aortic Blood Flow - Muhammad B. Qureshi; Jacob Glower; Daniel L. Ewert; Steven C. Koenig (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2017)

Northern Arabian Sea Circulation-Autonomous Research (NASCar): A Research Initiative Based on Autonomous Sensors - Luca Centurioni; Verena Hormann; Lynne Talley; Isabella Arzeno; Lisa Beal; Michael Caruso; Patrick Conry; Rosalind Echols; Harindra Fernando; Sarah Giddings; Arnold Gordon; Hans Graber; et al. (Oceanography, 2017)

Contrasting effects of habitat complexity and connectivity on biodiversity in seagrass meadows - Christopher J. Henderson; Ben L. Gilby; Shing Y. Lee; Tim Stevens (Marine Biology, 2017)

Abundance and distribution of sturgeon feeding pits in a Washington estuary - Mary L. Moser; Kim Patten; Stephen C. Corbett; Blake E. Feist; Steven T. Lindley (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2017)

Evaluating Arctic warming mechanisms in CMIP5 models - Christian L. E. Franzke; Sukyoung Lee; Steven B. Feldstein (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Comparison of the Chemical Compositions of the Cuticle and Dufour’s Gland of Two Solitary Bee Species from Laboratory and Field Conditions - Theresa L. Pitts-Singer; Marcia M. Hagen; Bryan R. Helm; Steven Highland; James S. Buckner; William P. Kemp (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2017)

Investigation of the role of environmental contamination in the occurrence of residues of the veterinary drug phenylbutazone in cattle - Paul Barnes; Terence L. Fodey; Wesley G. Smyth; Steven R. H. Crooks (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2017)

Soil–litter mixing and microbial activity mediate decomposition and soil aggregate formation in a sandy shrub-invaded Chihuahuan Desert grassland - Daniel B. Hewins; Robert L. Sinsabaugh; Steven R. Archer; Heather L. Throop (Plant Ecology, 2017)

Evidence that higher [CO2] increases tree growth sensitivity to temperature: a comparison of modern and paleo oaks - Steven L. Voelker; Michael C. Stambaugh; J. Renée Brooks; Frederick C. Meinzer; Barbara Lachenbruch; Richard P. Guyette (Oecologia, 2017)

Successful cultivation of a valuable wild strain of Lepista sordida from Thailand - Benjarong Thongbai; Kathrin Wittstein; Christian Richter; Steven L. Miller; Kevin D. Hyde; Naritsada Thongklang; Namphung Klomklung; Ekachai Chukeatirote; Marc Stadler (Mycological Progress, 2017)

Divergent mechanisms of iron-containing enzymes for hydrocarbon biosynthesis - Courtney E. Wise; Job L. Grant; Jose A. Amaya; Steven C. Ratigan; Chun H. Hsieh; Olivia M. Manley; Thomas M. Makris (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2017)

Nuclear localization signal sequence is required for VACM-1/CUL5-dependent regulation of cellular growth - Angelica N. Willis; Shirley E. Bradley Dean; Joe A. Habbouche; Brian T. Kempers; Megan L. Ludwig; Aaron D. Sayfie; Steven P. Lewis; Stephanie Harrier; Zachary J. DeBruine; Richard Garrett; Maria A. Burnatowska-Hledin (Cell and Tissue Research, 2017)

Following the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: patterns and processes in the biogeography of the limpet Nacella (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) across the Southern Ocean - Claudio A. González‐Wevar; Mathias Hüne; Nicolas I. Segovia; Tomoyuki Nakano; Hamish G. Spencer; Steven L. Chown; Thomas Saucède; Glenn Johnstone; Andrés Mansilla; Elie Poulin (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim We use an integrative biogeographical approach to further understand the evolution of an important Southern Ocean marine benthic element, the limpet genus Nacella (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda). Location Southern Ocean. Methods We used multi‐locus time‐calibrated phylogeny of Nacella at the scale of the whole Southern Ocean to elucidate the underlying processes involved in the origin and diversification of the genus. Results Divergence‐time estimates suggest that soon after its origin during the mid‐Miocene ( c . 12.5 Ma), Nacella separated into two main lineages currently distributed in (1) South America and (2) Antarctica and the sub‐Antarctic islands. We identified two pulses of diversification, during the late Miocene (8 to 5.5 Ma) and the Pleistocene ( Main conclusions Major periods of climatic and oceanographical change strongly affected the biogeography of Nacella and demonstrate both the long‐ and short‐term influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current across the Southern Ocean. Our analyses support the validity of all currently recognized Nacella species and reveal a new South‐American lineage. This work constitutes the most detailed molecular‐based study of an ecologically important, near‐shore invertebrate Southern Ocean group and in so doing contributes to the improved understanding of the underlying patterns and processes in the origin and diversification of marine benthic fauna across this globally important region.

Elevational species richness gradients in a hyperdiverse insect taxon: a global meta‐study on geometrid moths - Jan Beck; Christy M. McCain; Jan C. Axmacher; Louise A. Ashton; Florian Bärtschi; Gunnar Brehm; Sei‐Woong Choi; Oldrich Cizek; Robert K. Colwell; Konrad Fiedler; Cristina L. Francois; Steven Highland; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2017)
Aims We aim to document elevational richness patterns of geometrid moths in a globally replicated, multi‐gradient setting, and to test general hypotheses on environmental and spatial effects (i.e. productivity, temperature, precipitation, area, mid‐domain effect and human habitat disturbance) on these richness patterns. Location Twenty‐six elevational gradients world‐wide (latitudes 28° S to 51° N). Methods We compiled field datasets on elevational gradients for geometrid moths, a lepidopteran family, and documented richness patterns across each gradient while accounting for local undersampling of richness. Environmental and spatial predictor variables as well as habitat disturbance were used to test various hypotheses. Our analyses comprised two pathways: univariate correlations within gradients, and multivariate modelling on pooled data after correcting for overall variation in richness among different gradients. Results The majority of gradients showed midpeak patterns of richness, irrespective of climate and geographical location. The exclusion of human‐affected sampling plots did not change these patterns. Support for univariate main drivers of richness was generally low, although there was idiosyncratic support for particular predictors on single gradients. Multivariate models, in agreement with univariate results, provided the strongest support for an effect of area‐integrated productivity, or alternatively for an elevational area effect. Temperature and the mid‐domain effect received support as weaker, modulating covariates, while precipitation‐related variables had no explanatory potential. Main conclusions Despite the predicted decreasing diversity–temperature relationship in ectotherms, geometrid moths are similar to ants and salamanders as well as small mammals and ferns in having predominantly their highest diversity at mid‐elevations. As in those comparative analyses, single or clear sets of drivers are elusive, but both productivity and area appear to be influential. More comparative elevational studies for various insect taxa are necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of elevational diversity and productivity.

A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality - Maxime Cailleret; Steven Jansen; Elisabeth M. R. Robert; Lucía Desoto; Tuomas Aakala; Joseph A. Antos; Barbara Beikircher; Christof Bigler; Harald Bugmann; Marco Caccianiga; Vojtěch Čada; Jesus J. Camarero; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan‐continental tree‐ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1–100 years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long‐lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade‐ and drought‐tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark‐beetles) typically showed relatively small and short‐term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade‐off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark‐beetle attack, while long‐term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth‐based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark‐beetle outbreaks.

Tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture: predicted efficiency of indirect selection - Blair L. Waldron; Michael D. Peel; Steven R. Larson; Ivan W. Mott; J. Earl Creech (Euphytica, 2017)

Shocked monazite chronometry: integrating microstructural and in situ isotopic age data for determining precise impact ages - Timmons M. Erickson; Nicholas E. Timms; Christopher L. Kirkland; Eric Tohver; Aaron J. Cavosie; Mark A. Pearce; Steven M. Reddy (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

Simplified Murine 3D Neuronal Cultures for Investigating Neuronal Activity and Neurodegeneration - Steven J. Collins; Cathryn L. Haigh (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2017)

Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales - Kim M. Pepin; Shannon L. Kay; Ben D. Golas; Susan S. Shriner; Amy T. Gilbert; Ryan S. Miller; Andrea L. Graham; Steven Riley; Paul C. Cross; Michael D. Samuel; Mevin B. Hooten; Jennifer A. Hoeting; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Our ability to infer unobservable disease‐dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time‐averaged value and are based on population‐level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within‐host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within‐host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short‐lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual‐level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI . Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population‐level FOI signal can be recovered from individual‐level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual‐level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross‐scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual‐based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population‐level dynamics of disease.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of thymol, carvacrol and diallyl disulfide after intramammary and topical applications in healthy organic dairy cattle - Sharon E. Mason; Keena A. E. Mullen; Kevin L. Anderson; Steven P. Washburn; James L. Yeatts; Ronald E. Baynes (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2017)

Heat Survival and Phenotype Microarray Profiling of Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants - Turki M. Dawoud; Anita Khatiwara; Si Hong Park; Morgan L. Davis; Christopher A. Baker; Steven C. Ricke; Young Min Kwon (Current Microbiology, 2017)

Philopatry and Regional Connectivity of the Great Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna mokarran in the U.S. and Bahamas - Tristan L. Guttridge; Maurits P. M. Van Zinnicq Bergmann; Chris Bolte; Lucy A. Howey; Jean S. Finger; Steven T. Kessel; Jill L. Brooks; William Winram; Mark E. Bond; Lance K. B. Jordan; Rachael C. Cashman; Emily R. Tolentino; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Quantification of Storm-Induced Bathymetric Change in a Back-Barrier Estuary - Neil K. Ganju; Steven E. Suttles; Alexis Beudin; Daniel J. Nowacki; Jennifer L. Miselis; Brian D. Andrews (Estuaries and Coasts, 2017)

Decadal predictions with the HiGEM high resolution global coupled climate model: description and basic evaluation - L. C. Shaffrey; D. Hodson; J. Robson; D. P. Stevens; E. Hawkins; I. Polo; I. Stevens; R. T. Sutton; G. Lister; A. Iwi; D. Smith; A. Stephens (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Effects of Japanese Knotweed on avian diversity and function in riparian habitats - L. Tucker Serniak; Clay E. Corbin; Amber L. Pitt; Steven T. Rier (Journal of Ornithology, 2017)

Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes - Tommaso Jucker; John Caspersen; Jérôme Chave; Cécile Antin; Nicolas Barbier; Frans Bongers; Michele Dalponte; Karin Y. van Ewijk; David I. Forrester; Matthias Haeni; Steven I. Higgins; Robert J. Holdaway; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Remote sensing is revolutionizing the way we study forests, and recent technological advances mean we are now able – for the first time – to identify and measure the crown dimensions of individual trees from airborne imagery. Yet to make full use of these data for quantifying forest carbon stocks and dynamics, a new generation of allometric tools which have tree height and crown size at their centre are needed. Here, we compile a global database of 108753 trees for which stem diameter, height and crown diameter have all been measured, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass. Using this database, we develop general allometric models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can be remotely sensed – specifically height and crown diameter. We show that tree height and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a single equation predicts stem diameter from these two variables across the world's forests. These new allometric models provide an intuitive way of integrating remote sensing imagery into large‐scale forest monitoring programmes and will be of key importance for parameterizing the next generation of dynamic vegetation models.

Ecology under lake ice - Stephanie E. Hampton; Aaron W. E. Galloway; Stephen M. Powers; Ted Ozersky; Kara H. Woo; Ryan D. Batt; Stephanie G. Labou; Catherine M. O'Reilly; Sapna Sharma; Noah R. Lottig; Emily H. Stanley; Rebecca L. North; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under‐ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a , 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter‐summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake‐specific, species‐specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.

Long‐term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought - Derek J. N. Young; Jens T. Stevens; J. Mason Earles; Jeffrey Moore; Adam Ellis; Amy L. Jirka; Andrew M. Latimer (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Rising temperatures are amplifying drought‐induced stress and mortality in forests globally. It remains uncertain, however, whether tree mortality across drought‐stricken landscapes will be concentrated in particular climatic and competitive environments. We investigated the effects of long‐term average climate [i.e. 35‐year mean annual climatic water deficit (CWD)] and competition (i.e. tree basal area) on tree mortality patterns, using extensive aerial mortality surveys conducted throughout the forests of California during a 4‐year statewide extreme drought lasting from 2012 to 2015. During this period, tree mortality increased by an order of magnitude, typically from tens to hundreds of dead trees per km 2 , rising dramatically during the fourth year of drought. Mortality rates increased independently with average CWD and with basal area, and they increased disproportionately in areas that were both dry and dense. These results can assist forest managers and policy‐makers in identifying the most drought‐vulnerable forests across broad geographic areas.

Where Does River Runoff Matter for Coastal Marine Conservation? - Alexa Fredston-Hermann; Christopher J. Brown; Simon Albert; Carissa J. Klein; Sangeeta Mangubhai; Joanna L. Nelson; Lida Teneva; Amelia Wenger; Steven D. Gaines; Benjamin S. Halpern (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Bioluminescence spectra from three deep-sea polychaete worms - Warren R. Francis; Meghan L. Powers; Steven H. D. Haddock (Marine Biology, 2016)

Unraveling migratory connectivity of two European diving ducks: a stable isotope approach - Alain Caizergues; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Keith A. Hobson (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2016)

The complement system, neuronal injury, and cognitive function in horizontally-acquired HIV-infected youth - Jennifer L. McGuire; Alexander J. Gill; Steven D. Douglas; Dennis L. Kolson (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Ant assemblages have darker and larger members in cold environments - Tom R. Bishop; Mark P. Robertson; Heloise Gibb; Berndt J. van Rensburg; Brigitte Braschler; Steven L. Chown; Stefan H. Foord; Thinandavha C. Munyai; Iona Okey; Pfarelo G. Tshivhandekano; Victoria Werenkraut; Catherine L. Parr (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim In ectotherms, the colour of an individual's cuticle may have important thermoregulatory and protective consequences. In cool environments, ectotherms should be darker, to maximize heat gain, and larger, to minimize heat loss. Dark colours should also predominate under high UV‐B conditions because melanin offers protection. We test these predictions in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) across space and through time based on a new, spatially and temporally explicit, global‐scale combination of assemblage‐level and environmental data. Location Africa, Australia and South America. Methods We sampled ant assemblages ( n = 274) along 14 elevational transects on three continents. Individual assemblages ranged from 250 to 3000 m a.s.l. (minimum to maximum range in summer temperature of 0.5–35 °C). We used mixed‐effects models to explain variation in assemblage cuticle lightness. Explanatory variables were average assemblage body size, temperature and UV‐B irradiation. Annual temporal changes in lightness were examined for a subset of the data. Results Assemblages with large average body sizes were darker in colour than those with small body sizes. Assemblages became lighter in colour with increasing temperature, but darkened again at the highest temperatures when there were high levels of UV‐B. Through time, temperature and body size explained variation in lightness. Both the spatial and temporal models explained c . 50% of the variation in lightness. Main conclusions Our results are consistent with the thermal melanism hypothesis, and demonstrate the importance of considering body size and UV‐B radiation exposure in explaining the colour of insect cuticle. Crucially, this finding is at the assemblage level. Consequently, the relative abundances and identities of ant species that are present in an assemblage can change in accordance with environmental conditions over elevation, latitude and relatively short time spans. These findings suggest that there are important constraints on how ectotherm assemblages may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Mechanistic Model for Nanoparticle Retention in Porous Media - Tiantian Zhang; Michael Murphy; Haiyang Yu; Chun Huh; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2016)

Use of population approach non-linear mixed effects models in the evaluation of biosimilarity of monoclonal antibodies - Joannes A. A. Reijers; T. van Donge; F. M. L. Schepers; J. Burggraaf; J. Stevens (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016)

On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten - Steven J. Cooke; Edward H. Allison; T. Douglas Beard; Robert Arlinghaus; Angela H. Arthington; Devin M. Bartley; Ian G. Cowx; Carlos Fuentevilla; Nancy J. Leonard; Kai Lorenzen; Abigail J. Lynch; Vivian M. Nguyen; et al. (Ambio, 2016)

Fish introductions and light modulate food web fluxes in tropical streams: a whole‐ecosystem experimental approach - Sarah M. Collins; Steven A. Thomas; Thomas Heatherly; Keeley L. MacNeill; Antoine O. H. C. Leduc; Andrés López‐Sepulcre; Bradley A. Lamphere; Rana W. El‐Sabaawi; David N. Reznick; Catherine M. Pringle; Alexander S. Flecker (Ecology, 2016)
Decades of ecological study have demonstrated the importance of top‐down and bottom‐up controls on food webs, yet few studies within this context have quantified the magnitude of energy and material fluxes at the whole‐ecosystem scale. We examined top‐down and bottom‐up effects on food web fluxes using a field experiment that manipulated the presence of a consumer, the Trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata , and the production of basal resources by thinning the riparian forest canopy to increase incident light. To gauge the effects of these reach‐scale manipulations on food web fluxes, we used a nitrogen ( 15 N) stable isotope tracer to compare basal resource treatments (thinned canopy vs. control) and consumer treatments (guppy introduction vs. control). The thinned canopy stream had higher primary production than the natural canopy control, leading to increased N fluxes to invertebrates that feed on benthic biofilms (grazers), fine benthic organic matter (collector‐gatherers), and organic particles suspended in the water column (filter feeders). Stream reaches with guppies also had higher primary productivity and higher N fluxes to grazers and filter feeders. In contrast, N fluxes to collector‐gatherers were reduced in guppy introduction reaches relative to upstream controls. N fluxes to leaf‐shredding invertebrates, predatory invertebrates, and the other fish species present (Hart's killifish, Anablepsoides hartii ) did not differ across light or guppy treatments, suggesting that effects on detritus‐based linkages and upper trophic levels were not as strong. Effect sizes of guppy and canopy treatments on N flux rates were similar for most taxa, though guppy effects were the strongest for filter feeding invertebrates while canopy effects were the strongest for collector‐gatherer invertebrates. Combined, these results extend previous knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up controls on ecosystems by providing experimental, reach‐scale evidence that both pathways can act simultaneously and have equally strong influence on nutrient fluxes from inorganic pools through primary consumers.

Sensitivity to Low-Temperature Events: Implications for CO2 Dynamics in Subtropical Coastal Ecosystems - Sparkle L. Malone; Jordan Barr; Jose D. Fuentes; Steven F. Oberbauer; Christina L. Staudhammer; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Gregory Starr (Wetlands, 2016)

Decomposition drives convergence of forest litter nutrient stoichiometry following phosphorus addition - Tiff L. van Huysen; Steven S. Perakis; Mark E. Harmon (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Patients due to Toxic Exposure Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia - Katharine L. Modisett; Steven J. Walsh; Alan C. Heffner; David A. Pearson; William Kerns (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016)

Seascape context and predators override water quality effects on inshore coral reef fish communities - Ben L. Gilby; Ian R. Tibbetts; Andrew D. Olds; Paul S. Maxwell; Tim Stevens (Coral Reefs, 2016)

A 2-Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinoline Stimulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation by Modulating ROS Signalling - Cathryn L. Haigh; Carolin Tumpach; Steven J. Collins; Simon C. Drew (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2016)

ADHD and cannabis use in young adults examined using fMRI of a Go/NoGo task - Jerod Rasmussen; B. J. Casey; Theo G. M. van Erp; Leanne Tamm; Jeffery N. Epstein; Claudia Buss; James M. Bjork; Brooke S. G. Molina; Katerina Velanova; Daniel H. Mathalon; Leah Somerville; James M. Swanson; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Go/No Go task performance predicts cortical thickness in the caudal inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with and without ADHD - Erik Newman; Terry L. Jernigan; Krista M. Lisdahl; Leanne Tamm; Susan F. Tapert; Steven G. Potkin; Daniel Mathalon; Brooke Molina; James Bjork; F. Xavier Castellanos; James Swanson; Joshua M. Kuperman; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Mitral Valve Regurgitation with a Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Device: The Haemodynamic Effect of Inlet Cannulation Site and Speed Modulation - Shaun D. Gregory; Michael C. Stevens; Eric L. Wu; Jo P. Pauls; Matthias Kleinheyer; John F. Fraser (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Dynamic, mechanistic, molecular‐level modelling of cyanobacteria: Anabaena and nitrogen interaction - Ferdi L. Hellweger; Neil D. Fredrick; Mark J. McCarthy; Wayne S. Gardner; Steven W. Wilhelm; Hans W. Paerl (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Phytoplankton (eutrophication, biogeochemical) models are important tools for ecosystem research and management, but they generally have not been updated to include modern biology. Here, we present a dynamic, mechanistic, molecular‐level (i.e. gene, transcript, protein, metabolite) model of Anabaena – nitrogen interaction. The model was developed using the pattern‐oriented approach to model definition and parameterization of complex agent‐based models. It simulates individual filaments, each with individual cells, each with genes that are expressed to yield transcripts and proteins. Cells metabolize various forms of N, grow and divide, and differentiate heterocysts when fixed N is depleted. The model is informed by observations from 269 laboratory experiments from 55 papers published from 1942 to 2014. Within this database, we identified 331 emerging patterns, and, excluding inconsistencies in observations, the model reproduces 94% of them. To explore a practical application, we used the model to simulate nutrient reduction scenarios for a hypothetical lake. For a 50% N only loading reduction, the model predicts that N fixation increases, but this fixed N does not compensate for the loading reduction, and the chlorophyll a concentration decreases substantially (by 33%). When N is reduced along with P, the model predicts an additional 8% reduction (compared to P only).

Infection risk decreases with increasing mismatch in host and pathogen environmental tolerances - A. Justin Nowakowski; Steven M. Whitfield; Evan A. Eskew; Michelle E. Thompson; Jonathan P. Rose; Benjamin L. Caraballo; Jacob L. Kerby; Maureen A. Donnelly; Brian D. Todd (Ecology Letters, 2016)
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) has caused the greatest known wildlife pandemic, infecting over 500 amphibian species. It remains unclear why some host species decline from disease‐related mortality whereas others persist. We introduce a conceptual model that predicts that infection risk in ectotherms will decrease as the difference between host and pathogen environmental tolerances (i.e. tolerance mismatch) increases. We test this prediction using both local‐scale data from Costa Rica and global analyses of over 11 000 Bd infection assays. We find that infection prevalence decreases with increasing thermal tolerance mismatch and with increasing host tolerance of habitat modification. The relationship between environmental tolerance mismatches and Bd infection prevalence is generalisable across multiple amphibian families and spatial scales, and the magnitude of the tolerance mismatch effect depends on environmental context. These findings may help explain patterns of amphibian declines driven by a global wildlife pandemic.

Multi-Joint Compensatory Effects of Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty During High-Demand Tasks - Brecca M. Gaffney; Michael D. Harris; Bradley S. Davidson; Jennifer E. Stevens-Lapsley; Cory L. Christiansen; Kevin B. Shelburne (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Detecting grizzly bear use of ungulate carcasses using global positioning system telemetry and activity data - Michael R. Ebinger; Mark A. Haroldson; Frank T. van Manen; Cecily M. Costello; Daniel D. Bjornlie; Daniel J. Thompson; Kerry A. Gunther; Jennifer K. Fortin; Justin E. Teisberg; Shannon R. Pils; P. J. White; Steven L. Cain; et al. (Oecologia, 2016)

Dynamic soil characterization and site response estimation for Erbaa, Tokat (Turkey) - Muge K. Akin; Steven L. Kramer; Tamer Topal (Natural Hazards, 2016)

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Effects of a penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin fungicide mixture on phoma stem canker (Leptosphaeria spp.) on UK winter oilseed rape - Thomas R. Sewell; Steven Moloney; Mike Ashworth; Faye Ritchie; Alla Mashanova; Yong Ju Huang; Henrik U. Stotz; Bruce D. L. Fitt (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016)

Quantitative Imaging Assessment of an Alternative Approach to Surgical Mitral Valve Leaflet Resection: An Acute Porcine Study - Steven M. Boronyak; Joseph L. Fredi; Michael N. Young; Douglas M. Dumont; Phillip E. Williams; Brett C. Byram; W. David Merryman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Characterization of the ecological role of genes mediating acid resistance in L actobacillus reuteri during colonization of the gastrointestinal tract - Janina A. Krumbeck; Nathan L. Marsteller; Steven A. Frese; Daniel A. Peterson; Amanda E. Ramer‐Tait; Robert W. Hutkins; Jens Walter (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Rodent‐derived strains of L actobacillus reuteri densely colonize the forestomach of mice and possess several genes whose predicted functions constitute adaptations towards an acidic environment. The objective of this study was to systematically determine which genes of L . reuteri 100‐23 contribute to tolerance towards host gastric acid secretion. Genes predicted to be involved in acid resistance were inactivated, and their contribution to survival under acidic conditions was confirmed in model gastric juice. Fitness of five mutants that showed impaired in vitro acid resistance were then compared through competition experiments in ex‐germ‐free mice that were either treated with omeprazole, a proton‐pump inhibitor that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach, or left untreated. This analysis revealed that the urease cluster was the predominant factor in mediating resistance to gastric acid production. Population levels of the mutant, which were substantially decreased in untreated mice, were almost completely restored through omeprazole, demonstrating that urease production in L . reuteri is mainly devoted to overcome gastric acid. The findings provide novel information on the mechanisms by which L . reuteri colonizes its gastric niche and demonstrate that in silico gene predictions and in vitro tests have limitations for predicting the ecological functions of colonization factors in bacterial symbionts.

Heterozygosity, gender, and the growth-defense trade-off in quaking aspen - Christopher T. Cole; Michael T. Stevens; Jon E. Anderson; Richard L. Lindroth (Oecologia, 2016)

Earthworm Preference Bioassays to Evaluate Land Management Practices - Jennifer L. Bouldin; John W. P. Klasky; V. Steven Green (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Cortical reorganization in an astronaut’s brain after long-duration spaceflight - Athena Demertzi; Angelique Van Ombergen; Elena Tomilovskaya; Ben Jeurissen; Ekaterina Pechenkova; Carol Di Perri; Liudmila Litvinova; Enrico Amico; Alena Rumshiskaya; Ilya Rukavishnikov; Jan Sijbers; Valentin Sinitsyn; et al. (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

A preliminary study of the effects of working memory training on brain function - Michael C. Stevens; Alexandra Gaynor; Katie L. Bessette; Godfrey D. Pearlson (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Diets of deepwater oreos (Oreosomatidae) and orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus - J. S. Forman; P. L. Horn; D. W. Stevens (Journal of Fish Biology, 2016)
The diets of black oreo Allocyttus niger , smooth oreo Pseudocyttus maculatus , spiky oreo Neocyttus rhomboidalis and orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus were determined from examination of contents of 240, 311, 76 and 415 non‐empty stomachs, from fishes sampled by bottom trawl on Chatham Rise to the east of South Island, New Zealand. Hoplostethus atlanticus had an opportunistic predatory strategy with a broad diet dominated by prawns and mesopelagic teleosts, but with substantial components of mysids and cephalopods. Pseudocyttus maculatus was strongly specialized on gelatinous zooplankton (jellyfish and salps). Allocyttus niger consumed mainly salps and hyperiid amphipods, and to a lesser extent fishes, prawns, mysids and copepods. Neocyttus rhomboidalis primarily consumed salps, along with mysids, euphausiids and fishes. Only P. maculatus did not exhibit significant ontogenetic variation in diet. The diets were also influenced by year and bottom depth. Differences in the distributions and diets of the four species probably reduce conflicts in resource use.

Mortality risk from comorbidities independent of triple-negative breast cancer status: NCI-SEER-based cohort analysis - Helen Swede; Amna Sarwar; Anil Magge; Dejana Braithwaite; Linda S. Cook; David I. Gregorio; Beth A. Jones; Jessica R. Hoag; Lou Gonsalves; Andrew L. Salner; Kristen Zarfos; Biree Andemariam; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Range expansion and increasing impact of the introduced wasp Aphidius matricariae Haliday on sub-Antarctic Marion Island - Jennifer E. Lee; Steven L. Chown (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Erratum to Araújo et al (2013) - Miguel B. Araújo; Francisco Ferri‐Yáñez; Francisco Bozinovic; Steven L. Chown; Pablo A. Marquet (Ecology Letters, 2016)

Turbulent heat transfer as a control of platelet ice growth in supercooled under-ice ocean boundary layers - Miles G. McPhee; Craig L. Stevens; Inga J. Smith; Natalie J. Robinson (Ocean Science, 2016)
Late winter measurements of turbulent quantities in tidally modulated flow under land-fast sea ice near the Erebus Glacier Tongue, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, identified processes that influence growth at the interface of an ice surface in contact with supercooled seawater. The data show that turbulent heat exchange at the ocean–ice boundary is characterized by the product of friction velocity and (negative) water temperature departure from freezing, analogous to similar results for moderate melting rates in seawater above freezing. Platelet ice growth appears to increase the hydraulic roughness (drag) of fast ice compared with undeformed fast ice without platelets. Platelet growth in supercooled water under thick ice appears to be rate-limited by turbulent heat transfer and that this is a significant factor to be considered in mass transfer at the underside of ice shelves and sea ice in the vicinity of ice shelves.

A Framework to Assess Biogeochemical Response to Ecosystem Disturbance Using Nutrient Partitioning Ratios - J. Marty Kranabetter; Kendra K. McLauchlan; Sara K. Enders; Jennifer M. Fraterrigo; Philip E. Higuera; Jesse L. Morris; Edward B. Rastetter; Rebecca Barnes; Brian Buma; Daniel G. Gavin; Laci M. Gerhart; Lindsey Gillson; et al. (Ecosystems, 2016)

Antiretroviral treatment initiation does not differentially alter neurocognitive functioning over time in youth with behaviorally acquired HIV - Sharon L. Nichols; James Bethel; Bill G. Kapogiannis; Tiandong Li; Steven P. Woods; E. Doyle Patton; Weijia Ren; Sarah E. Thornton; Hanna O. Major-Wilson; Ana M. Puga; John W. Sleasman; Bret J. Rudy; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Determining the familial risk distribution of colorectal cancer: a data mining approach - Rowena Chau; Mark A. Jenkins; Daniel D. Buchanan; Driss Ait Ouakrim; Graham G. Giles; Graham Casey; Steven Gallinger; Robert W. Haile; Loic Le Marchand; Polly A. Newcomb; Noralane M. Lindor; John L. Hopper; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2016)

Global compositional variation among native and non-native regional insect assemblages emphasizes the importance of pathways - Andrew M. Liebhold; Takehiko Yamanaka; Alain Roques; Sylvie Augustin; Steven L. Chown; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Petr Pyšek (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Germline DNA methylation in reef corals: patterns and potential roles in response to environmental change - James L. Dimond; Steven B. Roberts (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that plays an inadequately understood role in gene regulation, particularly in nonmodel species. Because it can be influenced by the environment, DNA methylation may contribute to the ability of organisms to acclimatize and adapt to environmental change. We evaluated the distribution of gene body methylation in reef‐building corals, a group of organisms facing significant environmental threats. Gene body methylation in six species of corals was inferred from in silico transcriptome analysis of CpG O/E, an estimate of germline DNA methylation that is highly correlated with patterns of methylation enrichment. Consistent with what has been documented in most other invertebrates, all corals exhibited bimodal distributions of germline methylation suggestive of distinct fractions of genes with high and low levels of methylation. The hypermethylated fractions were enriched with genes with housekeeping functions, while genes with inducible functions were highly represented in the hypomethylated fractions. High transcript abundance was associated with intermediate levels of methylation. In three of the coral species, we found that genes differentially expressed in response to thermal stress and ocean acidification exhibited significantly lower levels of methylation. These results support a link between gene body hypomethylation and transcriptional plasticity that may point to a role of DNA methylation in the response of corals to environmental change.

Mesophotic depths as refuge areas for fishery-targeted species on coral reefs - Steven J. Lindfield; Euan S. Harvey; Andrew R. Halford; Jennifer L. McIlwain (Coral Reefs, 2016)

A positive vision of sustainability - Steven A. Cohen; Kelsie L. DeFrancia; Hayley J. Martinez (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2016)

The interaction of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, with Cry protein production and predation by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) in Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton and Cry1F maize - Yan-Yan Guo; Jun-Ce Tian; Wang-Peng Shi; Xue-Hui Dong; Jörg Romeis; Steven E. Naranjo; Richard L. Hellmich; Anthony M. Shelton (Transgenic Research, 2016)

Increased neurovirulence and reactivation of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT)-negative mutant dLAT2903 with a disrupted LAT miR-H2 - Xianzhi Jiang; Don Brown; Nelson Osorio; Chinhui Hsiang; Lbachir BenMohamed; Steven L. Wechsler (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Navigating the pitfalls and promise of landscape genetics - Jonathan L. Richardson; Steven P. Brady; Ian J. Wang; Stephen F. Spear (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
The field of landscape genetics has been evolving rapidly since its emergence in the early 2000s. New applications, techniques and criticisms of techniques appear like clockwork with each new journal issue. The developments are an encouraging, and at times bewildering, sign of progress in an exciting new field of study. However, we suggest that the rapid expansion of landscape genetics has belied important flaws in the development of the field, and we add an air of caution to this breakneck pace of expansion. Specifically, landscape genetic studies often lose sight of the fundamental principles and complex consequences of gene flow, instead favouring simplistic interpretations and broad inferences not necessarily warranted by the data. Here, we describe common pitfalls that characterize such studies, and provide practical guidance to improve landscape genetic investigation, with careful consideration of inferential limits, scale, replication, and the ecological and evolutionary context of spatial genetic patterns. Ultimately, the utility of landscape genetics will depend on translating the relationship between gene flow and landscape features into an understanding of long‐term population outcomes. We hope the perspective presented here will steer landscape genetics down a more scientifically sound and productive path, garnering a field that is as informative in the future as it is popular now.

Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns in South Africa's national parks - Nicola J. van Wilgen; Victoria Goodall; Stephen Holness; Steven L. Chown; Melodie A. McGeoch (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Air temperatures have increased globally over the past decades, while rainfall changes have been more variable, but are taking place. In South Africa, substantial climate‐related impacts are predicted, and protected area management agencies will need to respond actively to impacts. It is critical for management agencies to understand the way in which climate is changing locally to predict impacts and respond appropriately. Here, for the first time, we quantify observable changes in temperature and rainfall in South African national parks over the past five to ten decades. Our results show significant increases in temperatures in most parks, with increases being most rapid in the arid regions of the country. Increases in the frequency of extreme high temperature events were also most pronounced in these regions. These results are consistent with other climate studies conducted in these areas. Similar increases were identified for both minimum and maximum temperatures, though absolute minimum temperatures increased at greater rates than absolute maxima. Overall, rainfall trends were less obvious, but a decrease in rainfall was observed for the southern Cape (in three parks), and an increase was detected in one park. The observed temperature changes over the last 20–50 years have in several instances already reached those predicted for near future scenarios (2035), indicating that change scenarios are conservative. These results provide individual parks with evidence‐based direction for managing impacts under current and projected changes in local climate. They also provide the management agency with sub‐regional information to tailor policy and impact monitoring. Importantly, our results highlight the critical role that individual weather stations play in informing local land management and the concerns for parks that have no local information on changes in climate.

A dynamic leaf gas‐exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO 2 : evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO 2 enrichment studies - Steven L. Voelker; J. Renée Brooks; Frederick C. Meinzer; Rebecca Anderson; Martin K.‐F. Bader; Giovanna Battipaglia; Katie M. Becklin; David Beerling; Didier Bert; Julio L. Betancourt; Todd E. Dawson; Jean‐Christophe Domec; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Rising atmospheric [CO 2 ], c a , is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO 2 ], c i , a constant drawdown in CO 2 ( c a − c i ), and a constant c i / c a . These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas‐exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas‐exchange responses to varying c a . The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas‐exchange responses to c a . To assess leaf gas‐exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in c i inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C) or photosynthetic discrimination (∆) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of c a spanning at least 100 ppm. Our results suggest that much of the c a ‐induced changes in c i / c a occurred across c a spanning 200 to 400 ppm. These patterns imply that c a − c i will eventually approach a constant level at high c a because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant c i . Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low c a , when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water‐conservative at high c a , when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain.

Transport of Nanoparticle-Stabilized CO $$_2$$ 2 -Foam in Porous Media - Valentina Prigiobbe; Andrew J. Worthen; Keith P. Johnston; Chun Huh; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2016)

Out of Antarctica: quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) - Claudio A. González-Wevar; Steven L. Chown; Simon Morley; Nestor Coria; Thomas Saucéde; Elie Poulin (Polar Biology, 2016)

Use of a robotic device to measure age-related decline in finger proprioception - Morgan L. Ingemanson; Justin B. Rowe; Vicky Chan; Eric T. Wolbrecht; Steven C. Cramer; David J. Reinkensmeyer (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Root traits contributing to drought tolerance of synthetic hexaploid wheat in a greenhouse study - Steven R. Becker; Patrick F. Byrne; Scott D. Reid; William L. Bauerle; John K. McKay; Scott D. Haley (Euphytica, 2016)

Assessing vertebrate biodiversity in a kelp forest ecosystem using environmental DNA - Jesse A. Port; James L. O'Donnell; Ofelia C. Romero‐Maraccini; Paul R. Leary; Steven Y. Litvin; Kerry J. Nickols; Kevan M. Yamahara; Ryan P. Kelly (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Preserving biodiversity is a global challenge requiring data on species’ distribution and abundance over large geographic and temporal scales. However, traditional methods to survey mobile species’ distribution and abundance in marine environments are often inefficient, environmentally destructive, or resource‐intensive. Metabarcoding of environmental DNA ( eDNA ) offers a new means to assess biodiversity and on much larger scales, but adoption of this approach for surveying whole animal communities in large, dynamic aquatic systems has been slowed by significant unknowns surrounding error rates of detection and relevant spatial resolution of eDNA surveys. Here, we report the results of a 2.5 km eDNA transect surveying the vertebrate fauna present along a gradation of diverse marine habitats associated with a kelp forest ecosystem. Using PCR primers that target the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of marine fishes and mammals, we generated eDNA sequence data and compared it to simultaneous visual dive surveys. We find spatial concordance between individual species’ eDNA and visual survey trends, and that eDNA is able to distinguish vertebrate community assemblages from habitats separated by as little as ~60 m. eDNA reliably detected vertebrates with low false‐negative error rates (1/12 taxa) when compared to the surveys, and revealed cryptic species known to occupy the habitats but overlooked by visual methods. This study also presents an explicit accounting of false negatives and positives in metabarcoding data, which illustrate the influence of gene marker selection, replication, contamination, biases impacting eDNA count data and ecology of target species on eDNA detection rates in an open ecosystem.

Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research - Krista Casazza; Andrew Brown; Arne Astrup; Fredrik Bertz; Charles Baum; Michelle Bohan Brown; John Dawson; Nefertiti Durant; Gareth Dutton; David A. Fields; Kevin R. Fontaine; Steven Heymsfield; et al. (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2015)

Development of a diagnostic co-dominant marker for stem rust resistance gene Sr47 introgressed from Aegilops speltoides into durum wheat - Guotai Yu; Daryl L. Klindworth; Timothy L. Friesen; Justin D. Faris; Shaobin Zhong; Jack B. Rasmussen; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2015)

Screening of tropical isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for virulence to the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae) - Ronnie Dotaona; Bree A. L. Wilson; Mark M. Stevens; Joanne Holloway; Gavin J. Ash (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2015)

Identification and characterization of distinct IL-17F expression patterns and signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and normal B lymphocytes - Barbara Sherry; Preetesh Jain; Pui Yan Chiu; Ling Leung; Steven L. Allen; Jonathan E. Kolitz; Kanti R. Rai; Jacquie Barrientos; Spencer Liang; Rachael Hawtin; Nicholas Chiorazzi (Immunologic Research, 2015)

A seven-gene expression panel distinguishing clonal expansions of pre-leukemic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells from normal B lymphocytes - Brian A. McCarthy; Sophia Yancopoulos; Mike Tipping; Xiao-jie Yan; Xue Ping Wang; Fiona Bennett; Wentian Li; Martin Lesser; Santanu Paul; Erin Boyle; Carolina Moreno; Rosa Catera; et al. (Immunologic Research, 2015)

Anticipatory gaze strategies when grasping moving objects - Melissa C. Bulloch; Steven L. Prime; Jonathan J. Marotta (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and aortic wave reflection characteristics in aerobic- and resistance-trained subjects - Michael M. Smith; C. A. Tony Buffington; Robert L. Hamlin; Steven T. Devor (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Risk of colorectal cancer for people with a mutation in both a MUTYH and a DNA mismatch repair gene - Aung Ko Win; Jeanette C. Reece; Daniel D. Buchanan; Mark Clendenning; Joanne P. Young; Sean P. Cleary; Hyeja Kim; Michelle Cotterchio; James G. Dowty; Robert J. MacInnis; Katherine M. Tucker; Ingrid M. Winship; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2015)

Childhood cancers in families with and without Lynch syndrome - John A. Heath; Jeanette C. Reece; Daniel D. Buchanan; Graham Casey; Carol A. Durno; Steven Gallinger; Robert W. Haile; Polly A. Newcomb; John D. Potter; Stephen N. Thibodeau; Loïc Le Marchand; Noralane M. Lindor; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2015)

Identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus associated with (muco)cutaneous lesions in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) - Steven J. van Beurden; Lonneke L. IJsseldijk; Soledad R. Ordonez; Christine Förster; Geert de Vrieze; Andrea Gröne; M. Hélène Verheije; Marja Kik (Archives of Virology, 2015)

A global meta‐analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities - Andrew Siefert; Cyrille Violle; Loïc Chalmandrier; Cécile H. Albert; Adrien Taudiere; Alex Fajardo; Lonnie W. Aarssen; Christopher Baraloto; Marcos B. Carlucci; Marcus V. Cianciaruso; Vinícius de L. Dantas; Francesco de Bello; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2015)
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation ( ITV ) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole‐plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ‐level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait‐based community and ecosystem studies.

The abundance structure of Azorella selago Hook. f. on sub-Antarctic Marion Island: testing the peak and tail hypothesis - Ethel E. Phiri; Melodie A. McGeoch; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2015)