Groundwater storage loss in the central valley analysis using a novel method based on in situ data compared to GRACE-derived data - Michael D. Stevens; Saul G. Ramirez; Eva-Marie H. Martin; Norman L. Jones; Gustavious P. Williams; Kyra H. Adams; Daniel P. Ames; Sarva T. Pulla (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Evaluation of enzyme activity predictions for variants of unknown significance in Arylsulfatase A - Shantanu Jain; Marena Trinidad; Thanh Binh Nguyen; Kaiya Jones; Santiago Diaz Neto; Fang Ge; Ailin Glagovsky; Cameron Jones; Giankaleb Moran; Boqi Wang; Kobra Rahimi; Sümeyra Zeynep Çalıcı; et al. (Human Genetics, 2025)

Efficacy, non-target impacts, and costs of mechanical control options against a bioturbator in bivalve aquaculture - Jennifer L. Ruesink; C. Haleh Mawson; Brian Allen; Jeffrey Barrett; David Beugli; Steven Booth; Laura Butler; Bill Dewey; Cinde R. Donoghue; Brett R. Dumbauld; Kristine Feldman; Zachary Forster; et al. (Aquaculture, 2025)

Protracted post-eruptive basaltic weathering of the Emeishan large igneous province constrained by U Pb CA–ID–TIMS geochronology - Zheng Gong; James L. Crowley; Sandra L. Kamo; Steven W. Denyszyn; Maochao Zhang; Jun Li; Yanmei Liu; Chengmin Huang (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Crustal thickening, exhumation and metamorphic cooling of Neoproterozoic eclogites in NE Brazil: Timescale for the assembly of West Gondwana - Alanielson Ferreira; Gary Stevens; Elton L. Dantas; Reinhardt A. Fuck; Ticiano J.S. dos Santos (Gondwana Research, 2025)

Nutrient based classification of Phyllospora comosa biomasses using machine learning algorithms: Towards sustainable valorisation - Thiru Chenduran Somasundaram; Thomas Steven Mock; Damien L. Callahan; David Scott Francis (Food Research International, 2025)

Disentangling winter relationships: Bat responses to forest stand structure, environmental conditions, and prey composition - Santiago Perea; Amanda Vicente-Santos; Angela L. Larsen-Gray; Kamal J.K. Gandhi; Daniel U. Greene; Brittany F. Barnes; Steven B. Castleberry (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Decarbonisation scenarios for the European residential sector - Steven S. Salim; Stefan L. Luxembourg; Francesco Dalla Longa; Bob van der Zwaan (Building and Environment, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes” [Biol. Conserv. 300 (2024), 110843] - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Vertebrates in trade that pose high invasion risk to the United States - Wesley M. Daniel; Helen R. Sofaer; Catherine S. Jarnevich; Richard A. Erickson; Brett A. DeGregorio; Peder S. Engelstad; Jonathan Freedman; Susan Canavan; E.M. Dean; Michael J. Adams; Charmayne L. Anderson; Mindy Barnett; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

TIMES-Europe: An Integrated Energy System Model for Analyzing Europe’s Energy and Climate Challenges - Stefan L. Luxembourg; Steven S. Salim; Koen Smekens; Francesco Dalla Longa; Bob van der Zwaan (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2025)
This paper introduces TIMES-Europe, a novel integrated multi-sectoral energy system optimization model for Europe based on the TIMES generator. We describe its main specifications and assumptions as well as its underlying methodology, and summarize the type of policy questions that it can help answering. TIMES-Europe can be used to analyze policy instruments designed for implementing the EU Green Deal and Fit-for-55 program, and to create strategic energy decarbonization and climate change mitigation insights for Europe against the backdrop of its interactions and relations with neighboring countries. Thanks to its technology richness across all main sectors—including power production, transport, industry and the commercial, agricultural and residential sectors—it allows for performing in-depth studies on the role of a large range of low-carbon options in the energy transition of all European countries, both jointly and individually. Three characteristics render TIMES-Europe particularly valuable: (1) it covers the entire European energy system and its main greenhouse gas emissions, (2) it includes all EU member states individually as well as a large set of countries in the EU’s vicinity, and (3) it can be used to generate high-level strategic insights as well as detailed recommendations for both national and EU policies. TIMES-Europe is especially suitable for analyzing system integration, which makes it an ideal tool for assessing the implementation of the energy transition and the establishment of a low-carbon economy. We present several research and scenario examples, and characterize opportunities for future energy and climate policy analysis.

Molecular characterization of the histopathological growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases by RNA sequencing of targeted samples at the tumor-liver interface - Emily Latacz; Sanne M. L. Verheul; Yasmine Sillis; Pieter-Jan van Dam; Michail Doukas; Dirk J. Grunhagen; Hanna Nyström; Piet Dirix; Luc Dirix; Steven Van Laere; Cornelis Verhoef; Peter Vermeulen (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2025)

The community diversity and metabolic function of symbiont bacteria associated with soil amoebae (dictyostelids) in free-living habitats - Zhaojuan Zhang; Yingkun Yang; Yujing Du; Yue Zou; Steven L. Stephenson; Yu Li; Pu Liu (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Circumpolar Population Structure, Diversity and Recent Evolutionary History of the Bearded Seal in Relation to Past and Present Icescapes - Morgan L. McCarthy; Alba Refoyo Martínez; Steven H. Ferguson; Aqqalu Rosing‐Asvid; Rune Dietz; Binia De Cahsan; Lennart Schreiber; Eline D. Lorenzen; Rikke Guldborg Hansen; Raphaela Stimmelmayr; Anna Bryan; Lori Quakenbush; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
The Arctic environment plays a critical role in the global climate system and marine biodiversity. The region's ice‐covered expanses provide essential breeding and feeding grounds for a diverse assemblage of marine species, who have adapted to thrive in these harsh conditions and consequently are under threat from global warming. The bearded seal ( Erignathus barbatus ), including two subspecies ( E. barbatus nauticus — Pacific and E. barbatus barbatus —Atlantic), is an ice‐obligate Arctic species using sea ice for many aspects of its life history, rendering it particularly vulnerable to sea ice loss. It is one of the least studied and hence enigmatic of the Arctic marine mammals, with little knowledge regarding genetic structure, diversity, adaptations, and demographic history, consequently hampering management and conservation efforts. Here, we sequenced 70 whole nuclear genomes from across most of the species' circumpolar range, finding significant genetic structure between the Pacific and the Atlantic subspecies, which diverged during the Penultimate Glacial Period (~200 KYA). Remarkably, we found fine‐scale genetic structure within both subspecies, with at least two distinct populations in the Pacific and three in the Atlantic. We hypothesise sea‐ice dynamics and bathymetry had a prominent role in shaping bearded seal genetic structure and diversity. Our analyses of highly differentiated genomic regions can be used to complement the health, physiological, and behavioural research needed to conserve this species. In addition, we provide recommendations for management units that can be used to more specifically assess climatic and anthropogenic impacts on bearded seal populations.

Dynamic proportional loss of functional connectivity revealed change of left superior frontal gyrus in subjective cognitive decline: an explanatory study based on Chinese and Western cohorts - Luyao Wang; Wenjing Hu; Fan Dong; Can Sheng; Jinglong Wu; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Do the biological characteristics of trout ( Salmo trutta ) smolts influence their spring migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration? - Jonathan P. Gillson; Robert E. Blackwell; Stephen D. Gregory; Jessica E. Marsh; Tea Bašić; Sophie A. M. Elliott; R. Andrew King; David L. Maxwell; William D. Riley; Jamie R. Stevens; Alan M. Walker; Rasmus B. Lauridsen (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
Anadromous salmonids migrate seaward to exploit feeding and growth opportunities in marine habitats, yet how smolt biological characteristics influence their marine migratory behavior remains poorly understood. This study used 9 years of trout ( Salmo trutta ) population monitoring data from 15,595 tagged age‐0+ parr, 1033 smolts detected migrating downstream in spring, and 99 adults detected returning from their first marine migration to the River Frome (Dorset, UK) to investigate the influence of smolt biological characteristics on their migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration. Age‐specific differences in the influence of smolt length on migration timing were found, with longer 1‐year‐old smolts emigrating later than their shorter counterparts within the same age class, but the opposite association existed for 2‐year‐old smolts. A bespoke integrated statistical model quantified the effects of smolt emigration day of year, age, sex, and length on the probability of first‐time migrants returning to the river after one or more sea winters. Younger, later migrating smolts had a longer marine sojourn duration than their older, earlier migrating counterparts, and females remained at sea for longer periods than males. Although the statistical model was designed to maximize the use of information available in the data, it revealed only weak effects of smolt biological characteristics on the maiden marine sojourn duration. A complementary simulation study suggested that detecting more spring migrating smolts and analyzing longer time series of trout population monitoring data would increase the ability to detect statistically significant effects. Therefore, a strategic review of the trout population monitoring program, including more long‐term biological data collection, is recommended. The modelling work presented here can provide guidance on the size of the required dataset and how to maximize the power of imperfect data.

A ten-year historical analysis of urban PM10 and exceedance filters along the Northern Wasatch Front, UT, USA - Callum E. Flowerday; Rebekah S. Stanley; John R. Lawson; Gregory L. Snow; Kaitlyn Brewster; Steven R. Goates; Walter F. Paxton; Jaron C. Hansen (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Coffee, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway, and Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study - Rui Song; Konrad H. Stopsack; Junkun Ren; Lorelei A. Mucci; Steven K. Clinton; Massimo Loda; Molin Wang; Edward L. Giovannucci; Kathryn M. Wilson; Stephanie A. Smith-Warner (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Structural inheritance and hydrothermal alteration impact on fluid circulation in a clay-rich shear zone - Benjamin Avakian; Béatrice A. Ledésert; Ghislain Trullenque; Ronan L. Hébert; Johanne Klee; Sébastien Potel; Titouan Miloikovitch; Steven Goderis; Philippe Claeys (Journal of Structural Geology, 2025)

Intrinsic factors affecting predator failure in crab-gastropod encounters and their implications for repair scar frequencies - Steven E. Mendonca; Carrie L. Tyler; Kristina M. Barclay; Lindsey R. Leighton (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2025)

Safety assurance and nutritional quality enhancement of Phyllospora comosa biomass using hydrothermal treatment derived ensemble machine learning models - Thiru Chenduran Somasundaram; Thomas Steven Mock; Damien L. Callahan; David Scott Francis (Food Control, 2025)

Solid-state anaerobic fermentation of crayweed (Phyllospora comosa) biomass for nutrient stabilisation - Thiru Chenduran Somasundaram; Thomas Steven Mock; Damien L. Callahan; David Scott Francis (Algal Research, 2025)

Why Is It Too Cold? Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Cold‐Water Pollution Effects on Recruitment of an Imperiled Warmwater Fish - Eliza I. Gilbert; Tracy A. Diver; Steven M. Mussmann; Melody J. Saltzgiver; William K. Knight; Scott L. Durst; Michael A. Farrington; Stephani L. Clark Barkalow; Michael Tobler; Nathan R. Franssen (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Environmental temperature shapes the ontogeny of ectotherms by influencing rates of growth and development which can be key determinants of survival. Whereas the escalating impacts of water management on freshwater ecosystems is well documented, the effects of cold‐water releases from dams—which can alter downstream temperatures—remains relatively underexplored but may present novel challenges to endemic ectotherms. Specifically, little is known about how thermal depressions reshape phenotypic and genetic patterns during larval metamorphosis for fishes that evolved in warmwater systems. We assessed the effects of thermal shifts on larval ontogeny of the endangered razorback sucker ( Xyrauchen texanus ), which evolved in the warm waters of the Colorado River Basin, USA. We hypothesised that development is more sensitive to cold‐water influences than growth and that temperature would influence patterns in gene expression related to development. Our results supported these hypotheses and showed that both wild and laboratory‐reared larvae in slightly cooler temperatures exhibited delayed development, but similar growth compared to larvae reared in warmer conditions. These findings suggest growth and development in early ectotherm life stages can be decoupled, which follows patterns more like the temperature‐size rule than allometric scaling of development by size. We also observed transcriptional differences related to genes associated with stress responses and development in our laboratory‐reared fish; here, gene expression of fish from the coldest conditions at the end of the experiment was more similar to fish reared in warmer temperatures at the midpoint. Our findings suggest that modest temperature reductions can delay ontogeny and alter the transcriptional landscape while not necessarily limiting growth. This finding highlights the need for conservation practitioners to consider cascading impacts that even small temperature reductions can cause in riverine ecosystems.

Marine Fish Passage—Underappreciated Threats to Connectivity Within the Marine Environment - Robert J. Lennox; Kim Birnie‐Gauvin; Caitlin Bate; Steven J. Cooke; Tormod Haraldstad; Saron Berhe; Heather D. Penney; Charles W. Bangley; Knut Wiik Vollset; Morgan L. Piczak (Marine Ecology, 2025)
Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity loss. However, much of the focus is on the connectivity of freshwaters, with much less attention given to marine ecosystems. We contend that coastal infrastructure including bridges, causeways, tidal turbines, land infilling and harbours, wharfs, quays, piers and docks have resulted in underappreciated impacts on the connectivity of fish movements resulting in passage challenges at sea. For each type of marine infrastructure, we synthesised the present status of knowledge to characterise the problems and future challenges and also identify mitigation options and passage solutions to restore connectivity for fishes. Bridges can disrupt currents, generate light and noise/vibration, and emit electromagnetic signals, so more work is needed to modify in‐water designs to minimise the negative impacts on fishes. Causeways involve infilling, resulting in full in‐water barriers, requiring fishes to circumnavigate these structures and there is limited research on mitigation (e.g., fishways). Tidal turbines are placed in areas with high currents, which can hinder movements and result in entrainment; however, monitoring fish movements is challenging in these unique areas. Offshore energy has grown in recent years and can impact fish connectivity via altered sediment dynamics and water currents, as well as through the generation of noise pollution and electromagnetic fields. Land filling results not only in habitat loss but also in fragmentation, and it will be imperative to identify important habitats and corridors to minimise impacts there. Finally, infrastructure associated with boats (e.g., harbours, docks) negatively impacts nearshore habitat, which can alter movement trajectories. In the collective, we found evidence that diverse types of marine infrastructure can impact connectivity and, ultimately, fish movement and migrations. Interestingly,bespoke fish passage solutions in marine environments seem rare. As coastal development will increase in the future, it is imperative that we assess the potential connectivity issues resulting from marine infrastructure and that we generate solutions to mitigate these issues for marine organisms.

SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Benjamin R. Goldstein; Christopher Pate; Paula Castiblanco; Maggie E. Abell; Jessie Adley; Briana Agenbroad; Adam A. Ahlers; Peter D. Alexander; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.

The biodiversity of ice‐free Antarctica database - Aleks Terauds; Jasmine R. Lee; Hannah S. Wauchope; Ben Raymond; Dana M. Bergstrom; Peter Convey; Claire Mason; Charlotte R. Patterson; Sharon A. Robinson; Anton Van de Putte; David Watts; Steven L. Chown (Ecology, 2025)
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide‐ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice‐free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity–related studies. Fundamental and applied research on biodiversity patterns, ecological structure and function, and options for conservation are reliant on spatially resolved, taxonomically consistent observations. Such information is especially important for modern, data‐driven biodiversity science, in both Antarctica and globally, and forms the backbone of biodiversity informatics, reflected, for example, in the Darwin Core Standard used by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Biodiversity data are also essential to fulfill the conservation requirements for Antarctica, as set out in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and inform the design of systematic surveys to address biodiversity and ecological knowledge gaps, for both specific taxa and ecosystems. Such surveys are key requirements for understanding and mitigating the impacts of environmental change on the region's biodiversity. Here, we address these requirements through the public release of The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database. In 2008, we extracted a subset of biodiversity records only from terrestrial ice‐free areas from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Biodiversity Database. We have subsequently added thousands of records from a range of sources: checking, and where necessary (and possible), correcting the spatial location, clarifying, cross‐referencing, and harmonizing taxonomy with globally recognized sources, and documenting the original source of records. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database spans the early 1800s to 2019 (with most records collected after 1950) and represents the most comprehensive consolidation of Antarctic ice‐free biodiversity occurrence data yet compiled into a single database. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database contains 35,654 records of 1890 species in over 800 genera across six kingdoms and spans all Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. These data are released under a CC BY Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).

Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands - Erika L. Koontz; Sarah M. Parker; Alice E. Stearns; Brian J. Roberts; Caitlin M. Young; Lisamarie Windham-Myers; Patricia Y. Oikawa; J. Patrick Megonigal; Genevieve L. Noyce; Edward J. Buskey; R. Kyle Derby; Robert P. Dunn; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Layer symmetry and irradiation dominate the oxidation capability of birnessite on biogenic isoprene - Zhengyan Han; Xuehua Zou; Haibo Liu; Tianhu Chen; Can Wang; Ping Zhang; Dong Chen; Yuefei Zhou; Qiaoqin Xie; Qimengzi Wang; Jinyong Chen; Aidi Huang; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Exploring the body condition of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) through adipocyte analysis during unusual mortality events - Lorena Citlalli Magallón Flores; Lorena Viloria-Gómora; Germán Garrido-Fariña; Pablo Hernández-Almaraz; Simone Antichi; Steven L. Swartz; Jorge Urbán R.; Sergio Martínez-Aguilar (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Imperiled wanderlust lichens in steppe habitats of western North America comprise geographically structured mycobiont lineages and a reversal to sexual reproduction within this asexual clade - Robert Hadfield; Teagan Mulford; Makani L. Fisher; Abigail Borgmeier; Diego A. Ardon; Andrew D. Suchomel; Judicaël Fomekong-Lontchi; Laura Sutherland; Madison Huie; Pungki Lupiyaningdyah; Sierra Nichols; Ying Fei Lin; et al. (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2024)

Molecular investigation of harmful cyanobacteria reveals hidden risks and niche partitioning in Kenyan Lakes - Brittany N. Zepernick; Lauren N. Hart; Emily E. Chase; Kaela E. Natwora; Julia A. Obuya; Mark Olokotum; Katelyn A. Houghton; E. Anders Kiledal; Dorine Achieng; Katelyn B. Barker; George M. Basweti; Max Beal; et al. (Harmful Algae, 2024)

The coupling of winds, ocean turbulence, and High Salinity Shelf Water in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya - Una Kim Miller; Christopher J. Zappa; Arnold L. Gordon; Seung-Tae Yoon; Craig Stevens; Liv Cornelissen; Sukyoung Yun; Won Sang Lee (Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2024)

Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Evaluating ecological restoration in urban ecosystems with acoustic telemetry: marine and freshwater case studies - Morgan L. Piczak; Saron Berhe; Anne C. Knag; Robert J. Lennox; Knut Wiik Vollset; Rick Portiss; Jonathan D. Midwood; Steven J. Cooke (Urban Ecosystems, 2024)

A Transcriptomic Comparative Study of Cranial Vasculature - Jianing Zhang; Jee-Yeon Ryu; Selena-Rae Tirado; Lawrence D. Dickinson; Aviva Abosch; M. Ali Aziz-Sultan; Alan S. Boulos; Daniel L. Barrow; H. Hunt Batjer; Tamar R. Binyamin; Spiros L. Blackburn; Edward F. Chang; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2024)

Regionalized life cycle inventory data collection and calculation for perennial forage production in Canada: methodological best practices and limitations - Sarah J. Pogue; Nicole Bamber; Hugues Imbeault-Tétreault; Adeline Baudoin; Aaron L. McPherson; Steven Kega; Madavine Tom; Roland Kröbel; Kim H. Ominski; Karen A. Beauchemin; Brenna Grant; Tim A. McAllister (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2024)
Purpose In Canada, 95–99% of produced forages are consumed domestically each year, mainly by beef cattle. Despite their importance, their contribution to the Canadian livestock industry and associated ecosystem services has not been investigated. This study developed a life cycle inventory (LCI) of perennial forage production in Canada averaged from 2009 to 2018. Methods LCI data were sourced or calculated from up-to-date, regionally resolved sources and models. Inputs to perennial forage production included the following: concrete, steel, and plastic usage; machinery fuel consumption; electricity, natural gas, and water use for irrigation; and synthetic and organic fertilizer, lime, and herbicide use. Assessed emissions included ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O); carbon dioxide from energy use; herbicide, nitrate, and phosphate losses; and soil carbon accumulation. Results were expressed per metric tonne of harvested perennial forage dry matter at provincial and regional scales—Western Canada [British Columbia (BC), Alberta (AB), Saskatchewan (SK), Manitoba (MB)] and Eastern Canada [Ontario (ON), Québec (QC)]. Results and discussion Rates of inputs varied, with generally lower nutrient but higher herbicide application in West vs. East. Irrigation was highest in BC, followed by AB and SK; energy consumption was highest in BC and lowest in QC. Higher N 2 O losses and nutrient losses via leaching and runoff in the East were partially due to greater soil moisture. Although total harvested perennial forage area declined from 6.43 to 5.23 million hectares from 2009 to 2018, these lands continued to accumulate soil carbon. The time period used to calculate average yields affected LCI estimates, as prairie yields were lower 1994–2003/1999–2008 due to drought. Furthermore, soil carbon sequestration estimates were affected by the annual change coefficients employed, underscoring the need for careful interpretation of LCI outputs. Results were compared to other studies and highlighted the importance of the choice of data and methods in creating LCI, and the need for transparency. Conclusions This first national LCI of perennial forage production in Canada provides a baseline for LCI inputs and outputs associated with this sector, highlighting provincial and regional differences. Outputs can be used to conduct future life cycle assessments to assess the environmental impacts of forage production and generate recommendations to improve sustainability, and for education and marketing purposes. This study demonstrates methodological best practices for LCI data mining and calculations, within available data and model limitations, thereby identifying gaps and providing a roadmap for other countries or sectors to develop detailed forage LCI.

Size, Scaling, and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Wild South African Thick-Tailed Greater Galagos (Otolemur crassicaudatus) - Steven R. Leigh; Michelle L. Sauther; Frank P. Cuozzo; Adrian S. W. Tordiffe; Ilana Van Wyk (International Journal of Primatology, 2024)

Correction to: Smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque) population trends and demographics in the Upper Mississippi River System - Kristopher A. Maxson; Levi E. Solomon; Taylor A. Bookout; Steven A. DeLain; Andrew D. Bartels; Melvin C. Bowler; Eric J. Gittinger; Eric N. Ratcliff; John L. West; Seth A. Love; Jason A. DeBoer; Andrya L. Whitten‑Harris; et al. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2024)

Smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque) population trends and demographics in the Upper Mississippi River System - Kristopher A. Maxson; Levi E. Solomon; Taylor A. Bookout; Steven A. DeLain; Andrew D. Bartels; Melvin C. Bowler; Eric J. Gittinger; Eric N. Ratcliff; John L. West; Seth A. Love; Jason A. DeBoer; Andrya L. Whitten-Harris; et al. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2024)
Smallmouth buffalo ( Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque) are a large-bodied fish highly valued and commercially exploited across most of their range. Despite this, relatively little is known of their population demographics compared to other exploited species. To fill these knowledge gaps, we analyzed two independent long-term datasets (30 and 57 years, respectively) and population demographic data (age structure, growth, mortality, age at maturity, and recruitment) from multiple pools of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) and Illinois River (Illinois, USA). Long-term data (30-year dataset) generally show downward trends or significant declines in catch per unit effort in the UMRS, while the 57-year dataset shows a stable trend or a significant increase in the Illinois River. The oldest smallmouth buffalo were estimated to be 39 years old, with nearly every pool sampled having individuals estimated to exceed 30 years of age. Except for Pool 13 of the UMRS, 90% of smallmouth buffalo were estimated to mature between 411 and 470 mm in length or between 8.7 and 11.2 years old. Recruitment was variable: strong year classes were generally preceded by multiple years of weak year classes. Our results indicate that the smallmouth buffalo population may be stable in portions of the UMRS and Illinois River systems, but significant declines in the northern extent of the UMRS may warrant conservation concern. Recent research into ages of buffalofishes shows that consideration should be given to the idea that the UMRS population could be age truncated. Results also emphasize the importance of long-term data and the ability to show changes in exploited populations over time.

Effects of an amazonian dam on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of non-volant small mammals - Raylenne da Silva Araujo; Paulo E. Dineli Bobrowiec; Richard D. Stevens; Raquel Teixeira de Moura; Marco Aurélio L. Sábato; Eduardo Lima Sábato; William E. Magnusson (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)

Isolation and characterization of Salmonella enterica- and Escherichia coli-specific bacteriophages of the genus Epseptimavirus from wastewater in Minnesota - Estephany Cortes-Ortega; Eleanore G. Hansen; Irem Iskender; Meredith L. Farmer; Juan M. Martinez-Villalobos; Jacob D. Vitt; Steven D. Bowden (Archives of Virology, 2024)

Mesopredator release moderates trophic control of plant biomass in a Georgia salt marsh - Joseph P. Morton; Marc J. S. Hensel; David S. DeLaMater; Christine Angelini; Rebecca L. Atkins; Kimberly D. Prince; Sydney L. Williams; Anjali D. Boyd; Jennifer Parsons; Emlyn J. Resetarits; Carter S. Smith; Stephanie Valdez; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Predators regulate communities through top‐down control in many ecosystems. Because most studies of top‐down control last less than a year and focus on only a subset of the community, they may miss predator effects that manifest at longer timescales or across whole food webs. In southeastern US salt marshes, short‐term and small‐scale experiments indicate that nektonic predators (e.g., blue crab, fish, terrapins) facilitate the foundational grass, Spartina alterniflora , by consuming herbivorous snails and crabs. To test both how nekton affect marsh processes when the entire animal community is present, and how prior results scale over time, we conducted a 3‐year nekton exclusion experiment in a Georgia salt marsh using replicated 19.6 m 2 plots. Our nekton exclusions increased densities of plant‐grazing snails and juvenile deposit‐feeding fiddler crab and, in Year 2, reduced predation on tethered juvenile snails, indicating that nektonic predators control these key macroinvertebrates. However, in Year 3, densities of mesopredatory benthic mud crabs increased threefold in nekton exclusions, erasing the tethered snails' predation refuge. Nekton exclusion had no effect on Spartina biomass, likely because the observed mesopredator release suppressed grazing snail densities and elevated densities of fiddler crabs, whose burrowing alleviates soil stresses. Structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses that nektonic predators and mesopredators control invertebrate communities, with nektonic predators having stronger total effects on Spartina than mud crabs by controlling densities of species that both suppress (grazers) and facilitate (fiddler crabs) plant growth. These findings highlight that salt marshes can be resilient to multiyear reductions in nektonic predators if mesopredators are present and that multiple pathways of trophic control manifest in different ways over time to mediate community dynamics. These results highlight that larger scale and longer‐term experiments can illuminate community dynamics not previously understood, even in well‐studied ecosystems such as salt marshes.

Dysregulation of astrocytic Aquaporin-1 in the brains of oldest-old rhesus macaques: the NIA caloric restriction study - Opal Stayer-Wilburn; Donald I. Brown; Randy L. Woltjer; Sathya Srinivasan; Byung S. Park; Penny Shultz; Ana Vitantonio; Christina Dimovasili; Kelli L. Vaughan; Matthew F. Starost; Douglas Rosene; Julie A. Mattison; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

The use of conceptual models to structure stock assessments: A tool for collaboration and for “modelling what to model” - Carolina V. Minte-Vera; Mark N. Maunder; Alexandre Aires-da-Silva; Haikun Xu; Juan L. Valero; Steven L.H. Teo; Patrício Barría; Nicholas D. Ducharme-Barth (Fisheries Research, 2024)

Exposure to acute ambient temperature extremes and neonatal intensive care unit admissions: A case-crossover study - Sarah LaPointe; Jing Nie; Danielle R. Stevens; Jessica L. Gleason; Sandie Ha; Indulaxmi Seeni; Katherine L. Grantz; Pauline Mendola (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Improving monitoring network design to detect leaks at hazardous facilities: Lessons from a CO2 storage site - Hyoun-Tae Hwang; Sung-Wook Jeen; Seong-Sun Lee; Seung-Wook Ha; Steven J. Berg; Killian L. Miller; Edward A. Sudicky; Kang-Kun Lee (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Large-scale ozone episodes in Europe: Decreasing sizes in the last decades but diverging changes in the future - Rodrigo Crespo-Miguel; Carlos Ordóñez; Ricardo García-Herrera; Jordan L. Schnell; Steven T. Turnock (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

New perspectives on ice forcing in continental arc magma plumbing systems - Brad S. Singer; Pablo Moreno-Yaeger; Meredith Townsend; Christian Huber; Joshua Cuzzone; Benjamin R. Edwards; Matias Romero; Yasmeen Orellana-Salazar; Shaun A. Marcott; Rachel E. Breunig; Ken L. Ferrier; Kathryn Scholz; et al. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2024)

Exploring the adsorption of catechol and resorcinol onto Croton caudatus activated carbon: An integrated experimental and theoretical approach - Shisak Sharma; Raplang Steven Umdor; Imotila T. Longchar; Soremo L. Ezung; Dipak Sinha (Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2024)

Environmental conditions outweigh seeding rates for cover crop mixture performance across the Northeast US - Helen S. Boniface; Steven B. Mirsky; Matthew R. Ryan; Richard G. Smith; Victoria J. Ackroyd; K. Ann Bybee-Finley; Heather M. Darby; Sjoerd W. Duiker; Masoud Hashemi; Sarah M. Hirsh; Ivy Krezinski; Ellen B. Mallory; et al. (Field Crops Research, 2024)

Lost and found coastal wetlands: Lessons learned from mapping estuaries across the USA - Charlie Endris; Suzanne Shull; Andrea Woolfolk; Laura S. Brophy; Daniel R. Brumbaugh; Jeffrey A. Crooks; Kaitlin L. Reinl; Roger Fuller; Denise M. Sanger; Rachel A. Stevens; Monica Almeida; Kerstin Wasson (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Bioremediation petroleum wastewater and oil-polluted soils by the non-toxigenic indigenous fungi - Fuad Ameen; Mohammad J. Alsarraf; Steven L. Stephenson (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2024)

Complementary value of molecular, phenotypic, and functional aging biomarkers in dementia prediction - Andreas Engvig; Karl Trygve Kalleberg; Lars T. Westlye; Esten Høyland Leonardsen; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for differentiating cognitively normal controls (CN) from dementia patients in a held-out test set. When combined with clinical biomarkers (apolipoprotein E ε4 allele count, memory, executive function), a model including aBA and aFI predicted 5-year dementia risk among MCI patients with an out-of-sample AUC of 0.88. In the prognostic model, BA and FI offered complementary value (both β s 0.50). The tested MAs did not improve predictions. Results were consistent across FI algorithms, with data-driven health deficit selection yielding the best performance. FI had a stronger adverse effect on prognosis in males, while BA’s impact was greater in females. Our findings highlight the complementary value of BA and FI in dementia prediction. The results support a multidimensional view of dementia, including an intertwined relationship between the biomarkers, sex, and prognosis. The tested MA’s limited contribution suggests caution in their use for individual risk assessment of dementia.

Sex differences in the association between skeletal muscle energetics and perceived physical fatigability: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) - Emma L. Gay; Paul M. Coen; Stephanie Harrison; Reagan E. Garcia; Yujia Qiao; Bret H. Goodpaster; Daniel E. Forman; Frederico G. S. Toledo; Giovanna Distefano; Philip A. Kramer; Sofhia V. Ramos; Anthony J. A. Molina; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Exploring spatial and temporal symptoms of the freshwater salinization syndrome in a rural to urban watershed - Nicole K. Marks; Charles A. Cravotta; Marissa L. Rossi; Camila Silva; Peleg Kremer; Steven T. Goldsmith (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

A rare ‘flat-headed’ pachycephalosaur (Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauridae) from West Texas, USA, with morphometric and heterochronic considerations - Steven L. Wick; Thomas M. Lehman (Geobios, 2024)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2023 Annual Report - Adrienne Hughes; Alexandra Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Mari Costantini; Meghan B. Spyres; Hannah Spungen; Jessica Kent; Alyssa Falise; Rachel Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffery Brent; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2024)

Genetic support for discrete conservation units of the fossorial rodent Geomys pinetis - Sarah I. Duncan; Robert A. McCleery; Celine M. Carneiro; J. T. Pynne; Elizabeth I. Parsons; L. Mike Conner; Steven B. Castleberry; Robert A. Gitzen; James D. Austin (Conservation Genetics, 2024)

Sport-Specific Recovery Trajectories for NCAA Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion - Spencer W. Liebel; Kathryn L. Van Pelt; Paul F. Pasquina; Thomas W. McAllister; Michael A. McCrea; Steven P. Broglio; Scott Anderson; Holly Benjamin; Thomas Buckley; Kenneth Cameron; Sara Chrisman; James Clugston; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Female Collegiate Athletes’ Concussion Characteristics and Recovery Patterns: A Report from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium - Landon B. Lempke; Jaclyn B. Caccese; Reid A. Syrydiuk; Thomas A. Buckley; Sara P. D. Chrisman; James R. Clugston; James T. Eckner; Elsa Ermer; Carrie Esopenko; Divya Jain; Louise A. Kelly; Allyssa K. Memmini; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Initial Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics and Recovery Patterns Among Females Across the United States Military Service Academies: A Report from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium - Landon B. Lempke; Elsa Ermer; Adrian J. Boltz; Jaclyn Caccese; Thomas A. Buckley; Kenneth L. Cameron; Sara P. D. Chrisman; Christopher D’Lauro; James T. Eckner; Carrie Esopenko; Tamerah N. Hunt; Divya Jain; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

The Impact of Microbial Interactions on Ecosystem Function Intensifies Under Stress - Brittni L. Bertolet; Luciana Chavez Rodriguez; José M. Murúa; Alonso Favela; Steven D. Allison (Ecology Letters, 2024)
A major challenge in ecology is to understand how different species interact to determine ecosystem function, particularly in communities with large numbers of co‐occurring species. We use a trait‐based model of microbial litter decomposition to quantify how different taxa impact ecosystem function. Furthermore, we build a novel framework that highlights the interplay between taxon traits and environmental conditions, focusing on their combined influence on community interactions and ecosystem function. Our results suggest that the ecosystem impact of a taxon is driven by its resource acquisition traits and the community functional capacity, but that physiological stress amplifies the impact of both positive and negative interactions. Furthermore, net positive impacts on ecosystem function can arise even as microbes have negative pairwise interactions with other taxa. As communities shift in response to global climate change, our findings reveal the potential to predict the biogeochemical functioning of communities from taxon traits and interactions.

Local molecular and connectomic contributions of tau-related neurodegeneration - Fardin Nabizadeh; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; Robert C. Green; Andrew J. Saykin; John Morris; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

P24-07 In vitro reconstructed 3D models of human duodenum, jejunum and ileum - J. Markus; L. Hudecova; Z. Stevens; J. Cheong; M. Klausner; A. Armento; S. Ayehunie (Toxicology Letters, 2024)

Forcing conditions of cross-shelf plumes on a wide continental shelf, Winyah Bay, South Atlantic Bight - Steven L. Dykstra; Gabrielle Ricche; George Marmorino; Alexander E. Yankovsky (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Plastic ingestion, accumulated heavy metals, and health metrics of four Larus gull species feeding at a coastal landfill in eastern Canada - Kerry Schutten; André Morrill; Akshaya Chandrashekar; Brian Stevens; E. Jane Parmley; Joshua T. Cunningham; Gregory J. Robertson; Mark L. Mallory; Claire Jardine; Jennifer F. Provencher (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Synthesis of results for Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) DECOVALEX-2023 Task E - Kristopher L. Kuhlman; Jeroen Bartol; Steven J. Benbow; Michelle Bourret; Oliver Czaikowski; Eric Guiltinan; Kyra Jantschik; Richard Jayne; Simon Norris; Jonny Rutqvist; Hua Shao; Philip H. Stauffer; et al. (Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 2024)

Brick kiln pollution and its impact on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Laura Nicolaou; Fiona Sylvies; Isabel Veloso; Katherine Lord; Ram K. Chandyo; Arun K. Sharma; Laxman P. Shrestha; David L. Parker; Steven M. Thygerson; Peter F. DeCarlo; Gurumurthy Ramachandran; William Checkley (Environmental Research, 2024)

Fully biobased thermal insulating aerogels with superior fire-retardant and mechanical properties - Amir Varamesh; Yeling Zhu; Guichun Hu; Hui Wang; Hamidreza Rezania; Ying Li; Qingye Lu; Xueyong Ren; Feng Jiang; Steven L. Bryant; Jinguang Hu (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Post‐glacial recolonization and multiple scales of secondary contact contribute to contemporary Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) genomic variation in North America - Cameron M. Nugent; Tony Kess; Barbara L. Langille; Samantha V. Beck; Steven Duffy; Amber Messmer; Nicole Smith; Sarah J. Lehnert; Brendan F. Wringe; Matthew Kent; Paul Bentzen; Ian R. Bradbury (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim In northern environments, periods of isolation during Pleistocene glaciations and subsequent recolonization and secondary contact have had a significant influence on contemporary diversity of many species. The recent advent of high‐resolution genomic analyses allows unprecedented power to resolve genomic signatures of such events in northern species. Here, we provide the highest resolution genomic characterization of Atlantic salmon in North America to date to infer glacial refugia and the geographic scales of post‐glacial secondary contact. Location North America. Taxon Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar . Methods Samples were collected for 5455 individuals from 148 populations, encompassing the majority of the Atlantic salmon's native range in North America, from Labrador to Maine. Individuals were genotyped using a 220K single nucleotide polymorphism array aligned to the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) genome. Spatial genetic structure (principal component analysis, k ‐means clustering, admixture) was evaluated in conjunction with genomic comparisons of these identified lineages to infer the refugia during the last glacial maximum and regions of secondary contact following recolonization. Results Spatial genomic analyses identified three phylogeographic groups, consistent with the northward recolonization from two southern glacial refugia in North America (a western Maritime lineage and an eastern Newfoundland and Labrador lineage), with subsequent differentiation of the eastern lineage into two separate groups. Secondary contact among these North American groups was observed within the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and evidence of trans‐Atlantic secondary contact was detected within the eastern Newfoundland and Labrador lineage. Comparison of groups from insular Newfoundland with those from mainland Labrador suggests genomic regions displaying high differentiation were characterized by elevated European admixture, suggesting a possible role of European secondary contact in population divergence. Main Conclusions These findings present the first evidence suggesting that genomic diversity in extant North American Atlantic salmon populations has resulted from allopatric isolation in two glacial refugia followed by both regional and trans‐Atlantic recolonization and secondary contact and demonstrate the power of genomic tools to resolve historical drivers of diversity in wild populations.

Antibacterial activity of Au(I), Pt(II), and Ir(III) biotin conjugates prepared by the iClick reaction: influence of the metal coordination sphere on the biological activity - Dominik Moreth; Lars Stevens-Cullinane; Thomas W. Rees; Victoria V. L. Müller; Adrien Pasquier; Ok-Ryul Song; Scott Warchal; Michael Howell; Jeannine Hess; Ulrich Schatzschneider (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2024)

From field station to forecast: managing data at the Alaska Volcano Observatory - Michelle L. Coombs; Cheryl E. Cameron; Hannah R. Dietterich; Eleanor S. Boyce; Aaron G. Wech; Ronni Grapenthin; Kristi L. Wallace; Tom Parker; Taryn Lopez; Scott Crass; David Fee; Matthew M. Haney; et al. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2024)

Recreational fisheries-related injuries and body size affect travel rate and post-release mortality in marine migrating coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) - Emma L. Lunzmann-Cooke; Scott G. Hinch; Arthur L. Bass; Stephen D. Johnston; Brian J. Hendriks; Aswea D. Porter; Steven J. Cooke; David W. Welch (Fisheries Research, 2024)

Review of dose setting for the extended one-generation reproductive toxicity studies (OECD TG 443): Considerations on ECHA's dose level selection recommendations - Manon Beekhuijzen; Emily Richmond; Jason Manton; Pragati S. Coder; Katy Goyak; Rashin Ghaffari; Susan L. Makris; Steven Van Cruchten; Leah Zorrilla; Shermaine Mitchell-Ryan (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

Aggregate Boid behavior to aid in artificial autopoietic organization - Steven Lawrence; Chrystopher L. Nehaniv (BioSystems, 2024)

Tannery effluent treatments with mangrove fungi, grass root biomass, and biochar - Fuad Ameen; Mohammad J. Alsarraf; Tarad Abalkhail; Steven L. Stephenson (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2024)

Association mapping of tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch resistance in cultivated emmer wheat - Dhondup Lhamo; Qun Sun; Timothy L. Friesen; Anil Karmacharya; Xuehui Li; Jason D. Fiedler; Justin D. Faris; Guangmin Xia; Mingcheng Luo; Yong-Qiang Gu; Zhaohui Liu; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2024)

Correction: Major histocompatibility complex class I molecule expression by pancreatic cancer cells is regulated by activation and inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor - Shelby M. Knoche; Alaina C. Larson; Gabrielle L. Brumfield; Steven Cate; William H. Hildebrand; Joyce C. Solheim (Immunologic Research, 2024)

Asymmetric effects of hydroclimate extremes on eastern US tree growth: Implications on current demographic shifts and climate variability - Justin T. Maxwell; Tsun Fung Au; Steven A. Kannenberg; Grant L. Harley; Matthew P. Dannenberg; Darren L. Ficklin; Scott M. Robeson; Macarena Férriz; Michael C. Benson; Benjamin R. Lockwood; Kimberly A. Novick; Richard P. Phillips; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Forests around the world are experiencing changes due to climate variability and human land use. How these changes interact and influence the vulnerability of forests are not well understood. In the eastern United States, well‐documented anthropogenic disturbances and land‐use decisions, such as logging and fire suppression, have influenced forest species assemblages, leading to a demographic shift from forests dominated by xeric species to those dominated by mesic species. Contemporarily, the climate has changed and is expected to continue to warm and produce higher evaporative demand, imposing stronger drought stress on forest communities. Here, we use an extensive network of tree‐ring records from common hardwood species across ~100 sites and ~1300 trees in the eastern United States to examine the magnitude of growth response to both wet and dry climate extremes. We find that growth reductions during drought exceed the positive growth response to pluvials. Mesic species such as Liriodendron tulipifera and Acer saccharum , which are becoming more dominant, are more sensitive to drought than more xeric species, such as oaks ( Quercus ) and hickory ( Carya ), especially at moderate and extreme drought intensities. Although more extreme droughts produce a larger annual growth reduction, mild droughts resulted in the largest cumulative growth decreases due to their higher frequency. When using global climate model projections, all scenarios show drought frequency increasing substantially (3–9 times more likely) by 2100. Thus, the ongoing demographic shift toward more mesic species in the eastern United States combined with drier conditions results in larger drought‐induced growth declines, suggesting that drought will have an even larger impact on aboveground carbon uptake in the future in the eastern United States.

Assessing the risk of climate maladaptation for Canadian polar bears - L. Ruth Rivkin; Evan S. Richardson; Joshua M. Miller; Todd C. Atwood; Steven Baryluk; Erik W. Born; Corey Davis; Markus Dyck; Evelien de Greef; Kristin L. Laidre; Nicholas J. Lunn; Sara McCarthy; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the world, threatening the persistence of many Arctic species. It is uncertain if Arctic wildlife will have sufficient time to adapt to such rapidly warming environments. We used genetic forecasting to measure the risk of maladaptation to warming temperatures and sea ice loss in polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) sampled across the Canadian Arctic. We found evidence for local adaptation to sea ice conditions and temperature. Forecasting of genome‐environment mismatches for predicted climate scenarios suggested that polar bears in the Canadian high Arctic had the greatest risk of becoming maladapted to climate warming. While Canadian high Arctic bears may be the most likely to become maladapted, all polar bears face potentially negative outcomes to climate change. Given the importance of the sea ice habitat to polar bears, we expect that maladaptation to future warming is already widespread across Canada.

Farmer perspectives on desired catfish attributes in aquaculture systems in Nigeria. An exploratory focus group study - Timothy Manyise; Rose K. Basiita; Catherine M. Mwema; Olutokunbo Oyesola; Sunil Siriwardena; Bernadette Fregene; Steven M. Cole; Eric B. Dompreh; Rodolfo Dam Lam; Denise L. Lozano; Cristiano M. Rossignoli; John A.H. Benzie (Aquaculture, 2024)

Addressing constraints to shellfish aquaculture through quantifying public perceptions and attitudes along the Atlantic coast of the US - Kelsey M. Schultz; Steven B. Scyphers; A. Randall Hughes; David L. Kimbro; Stephen Kirk; Jonathan H. Grabowski (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2024)

Modeling nearshore total phosphorus in Lake Michigan using linked hydrodynamic and water quality models - James J. Pauer; Mark D. Rowe; Wilson Melendez; Thomas P. Hollenhorst; Lisa L. Lowe; Peter J. Alsip; Dale M. Robertson; Steven A. Pothoven (Ecological Modelling, 2024)

Conservation features of the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula - Jasmine R. Lee; Justine D. Shaw; Yan Ropert-Coudert; Aleks Terauds; Steven L. Chown (Ambio, 2024)
Conserving landscapes used by multiple stakeholder groups requires understanding of what each stakeholder values. Here we employed a semi-structured, participatory approach to identify features of value in the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula related to biodiversity, science and tourism. Stakeholders identified 115 features, ranging from Adélie penguin colonies to sites suitable for snowshoeing tourists. We split the features into seven broad categories: science, tourism, historic, biodiversity, geographic, habitat, and intrinsic features, finding that the biodiversity category contained the most features of any one category, while science stakeholders identified the most features of any stakeholder group. Stakeholders have overlapping interests in some features, particularly for seals and seabirds, indicating that thoughtful consideration of their inclusion in future management is required. Acknowledging the importance of tourism and other social features in Antarctica and ensuring their integration into conservation planning and assessment will increase the likelihood of implementing successful environmental management strategies into the future.

Marine heatwaves redistribute pelagic fishing fleets - Nima Farchadi; Heather Welch; Camrin D. Braun; Andrew J. Allyn; Steven J. Bograd; Stephanie Brodie; Elliott L. Hazen; Alex Kerney; Nerea Lezama‐Ochoa; Katherine E. Mills; Dylan Pugh; Riley Young‐Morse; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have measurable impacts on marine ecosystems and reliant fisheries and associated communities. However, how MHWs translate to changes in fishing opportunities and the displacement of fishing fleets remains poorly understood. Using fishing vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS), we developed vessel distribution models for two pelagic fisheries targeting highly migratory species, the U.S. Atlantic longline and Pacific troll fleets, to understand how MHW properties (intensity, size, and duration) influence core fishing grounds and fleet displacement. For both fleets, MHW size had the largest influence on fishing ground area with northern fishing grounds gaining and southern fishing grounds decreasing in area. However, fleet displacement in response to MHWs varied between coasts, as the Atlantic longline fleet displaced farther in southern regions whereas the most northern and southern regions of the Pacific troll fleet shifted farther. Characterizing fishing fleet responses to these anomalous conditions can help identify regional vulnerabilities under future extreme events and aid in supporting climate‐readiness and resilience in pelagic fisheries.

Intrinsic aerobic capacity modulates Alzheimer’s disease pathological hallmarks, brain mitochondrial function and proteome during aging - Benjamin A. Kugler; Colton R. Lysaker; Edziu Franczak; Brittany M. Hauger; Vivien Csikos; Julia A. Stopperan; Julie A. Allen; John A. Stanford; Lauren G. Koch; Steven L. Britton; John P. Thyfault; Heather M. Wilkins (GeroScience, 2024)
Low aerobic capacity is strongly associated with all-cause mortality and risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with early dementia and AD have lower aerobic capacity compared to age-matched controls. The mechanism by which aerobic capacity influences AD risk is unknown but is likely mediated by sexual dimorphism and tissue-level differences in mitochondrial energetics. Here, we used rats selectively bred for large differences in intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity. Brain tissue from 18-month and 24-month-old female and male low-capacity runner (LCR) and high-capacity runner (HCR) rats were analyzed for markers of mitochondrial function and AD-associated pathologies. LCR rats, irrespective of sex, exhibited a greater increase in brain amyloid beta (Aβ 42 ) and tau hyperphosphorylation (pTau thr181 /total tau) with aging. In female LCR rats, brain mitochondrial respiration at states 3, 4, and FCCP-induced uncoupling, when stimulated with pyruvate/malate, was reduced at 18 and 24 months, leading to lower ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration compared to mitochondria from HCR rats. Male LCR rats also showed reduced complex II-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (succinate + rotenone) at 24 months compared to HCR rats. Differences in mitochondrial respiration were associated with tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ42 alterations in both HCR and LCR strains. Proteomic analysis unveiled a distinct difference in the mitochondrial proteome, wherein female LCR rats displayed diminished mitochondrial translation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins at 18 months compared to female HCR rats. Conversely, male LCR rats exhibited increased OXPHOS protein abundance but reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins compared to male HCR rats. These findings underscore a robust association between intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity, brain mitochondrial function, and AD pathologies during aging.

Development of an 8K SNP chip to assess adaptive diversity and hybridization in polar bears - Joshua M. Miller; René M. Malenfant; L. Ruth Rivkin; Todd C. Atwood; Steven Baryluk; Erik W. Born; Rune Dietz; Kristin L. Laidre; Jodie Pongracz; Evan S. Richardson; Øystein Wiig; Corey S. Davis (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2024)
The polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) is a species particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As the climate warms, polar bears will be forced to move to more suitable habitats which are likely to shrink, adapt to the new conditions, or decline in population size. However, the genomic diversity within and among all 19 subpopulations of polar bears, and therefore their adaptive potential, is currently unknown. In addition, warmer climates are likely to result in more frequent contact between polar bears and grizzly bears ( U. arctos ), with which they can hybridize. Here we describe the development, quality control, and application of the Ursus maritimus V2 SNP chip. This 8 K SNP chip contains loci explicitly selected to assess both RAD-derived and transcriptome-derived loci, as well as SNPs to detect hybridization between species. A total of 7,239 loci (90.3% of those printed) were successfully genotyped, with over 99% genotype concordance for individuals typed in duplicate on this chip, and between individuals typed here and on the Ursus maritimus V1 SNP chip. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the markers have high accuracy and efficiency to detect hybridization and backcrosses between polar bears and grizzly bears. However, empirical analysis of 371 polar bears, 440 grizzly bears, and 8 known hybrids found no novel instances of recent hybridization. The Ursus maritimus V2 SNP chip provides a powerful tool for monitoring the adaptive potential of this species along with assessing population structure, quantitative genomics, and hybridization in polar bears.

Population origin and heritable effects mediate road salt toxicity and thermal stress in an amphibian - Lauren M. Conner; Debora Goedert; Sarah W. Fitzpatrick; Amber Fearnley; Emma L. Gallagher; Jessica D. Peterman; Mia E. Forgione; Sophia Kokosinska; Malik Hamilton; Lydia A. Masala; Neil Merola; Hennesy Rico; et al. (Chemosphere, 2024)

Interactive effects of fish handling and water temperature on reflex impairment of angled Rainbow Trout - Jessica A. Robichaud; Morgan L. Piczak; Luc LaRochelle; Jessica L. Reid; Auston D. Chhor; Peter E. Holder; Liane B. Nowell; Jacob W. Brownscombe; Andrew J. Danylchuk; Steven J. Cooke (Fisheries Research, 2024)

A multi-marker assessment of sewage contamination in streams using human-associated indicator bacteria, human-specific viruses, and pharmaceuticals - Peter L. Lenaker; Matthew A. Pronschinske; Steven R. Corsi; Joel P. Stokdyk; Hayley T. Olds; Deborah K. Dila; Sandra L. McLellan (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Multiple interface coupling on natural tourmaline enables high-efficiency removal of antibiotic: Superior property and mechanism - Jingjing Cui; Xiangyu Liu; Feifan Qie; Chengzhe Xie; Qingdong He; Jian Liu; Steven L. Suib; Wenbo Wang (Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2024)

Suspended particulate matter influence on dissolved Nd concentration and isotopic composition along GEOTRACES section GP16 - Chandranath Basak; Yingzhe Wu; Brian A. Haley; Jesse Muratli; Leopoldo D. Pena; Louise Bolge; Jessica N. Fitzsimmons; Robert M. Sherrell; Steven L. Goldstein (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

A multi-tissue de novo transcriptome assembly and relative gene expression of the vulnerable freshwater salmonid Thymallus ligericus - Giulia Secci-Petretto; Steven Weiss; André Gomes-dos-Santos; Henri Persat; André M. Machado; Inês Vasconcelos; L. Filipe C. Castro; Elsa Froufe (Genetica, 2024)
Freshwater ecosystems are among the most endangered ecosystems worldwide. While numerous taxa are on the verge of extinction as a result of global changes and direct or indirect anthropogenic activity, genomic and transcriptomic resources represent a key tool for comprehending species' adaptability and serve as the foundation for conservation initiatives. The Loire grayling, Thymallus ligericus , is a freshwater European salmonid endemic to the upper Loire River basin. The species is comprised of fragmented populations that are dispersed over a small area and it has been identified as a vulnerable species. Here, we provide a multi-tissue de novo transcriptome assembly of T. ligericus . The completeness and integrity of the transcriptome were assessed before and after redundancy removal with lineage-specific libraries from Eukaryota, Metazoa, Vertebrata, and Actinopterygii. Relative gene expression was assessed for each of the analyzed tissues, using the de novo assembled transcriptome and a genome-based analysis using the available T. thymallus genome as a reference. The final assembly, with a contig N50 of 1221 and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) scores above 94%, is made accessible along with structural and functional annotations and relative gene expression of the five tissues (NCBI SRA and FigShare databases). This is the first transcriptomic resource for this species, which provides a foundation for future research on this and other salmonid species that are increasingly exposed to environmental stressors.

Methods to estimate body temperature and energy expenditure dynamics in fed and fasted laboratory mice: effects of sleep deprivation and light exposure - Vincent van der Vinne; Laura E. McKillop; Sian L. Wilcox; James Cantley; Stuart N. Peirson; Steven J. Swoap; Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2024)
Monitoring body temperature and energy expenditure in freely-moving laboratory mice remains a powerful methodology used widely across a variety of disciplines–including circadian biology, sleep research, metabolic phenotyping, and the study of body temperature regulation. Some of the most pronounced changes in body temperature are observed when small heterothermic species reduce their body temperature during daily torpor. Daily torpor is an energy saving strategy characterized by dramatic reductions in body temperature employed by mice and other species when challenged to meet energetic demands. Typical measurements used to describe daily torpor are the measurement of core body temperature and energy expenditure. These approaches can have drawbacks and developing alternatives for these techniques provides options that can be beneficial both from an animal-welfare and study-complexity perspective. First, this paper presents and assesses a method to estimate core body temperature based on measurements of subcutaneous body temperature, and second, a separate approach to better estimate energy expenditure during daily torpor based on core body temperature. Third, the effects of light exposure during the habitual dark phase and sleep deprivation during the light period on body temperature dynamics were tested preliminary in fed and fasted mice. Together, the here-published approaches and datasets can be used in the future to assess body temperature and metabolism in freely-moving laboratory mice.

Intrapopulation variation in boldness differs while average boldness is similar across populations of a widespread turtle - Bradley E. Carlson; Sarah E. Carter; Austin C. Hulbert; Natalie L. Hyslop; E. A. Free Kashon; Steven J. A. Kimble; Julie Lisk; Cara McElroy; Jennifer L. Mook; Jeanine M. Refsnider; John H. Roe; Sasha J. Tetzlaff; et al. (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2024)

Wildfire smoke impacts lake ecosystems - Mary Jade Farruggia; Janice Brahney; Andrew J. Tanentzap; Jennifer A. Brentrup; Ludmila S. Brighenti; Sudeep Chandra; Alicia Cortés; Rocio L. Fernandez; Janet M. Fischer; Alexander L. Forrest; Yufang Jin; Kenneth Larrieu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Wildfire activity is increasing globally. The resulting smoke plumes can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers, reflecting or scattering sunlight and depositing particles within ecosystems. Several key physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes are controlled by factors affected by smoke. The spatial and temporal scales of lake exposure to smoke are extensive and under‐recognized. We introduce the concept of the lake smoke‐day, or the number of days any given lake is exposed to smoke in any given fire season, and quantify the total lake smoke‐day exposure in North America from 2019 to 2021. Because smoke can be transported at continental to intercontinental scales, even regions that may not typically experience direct burning of landscapes by wildfire are at risk of smoke exposure. We found that 99.3% of North America was covered by smoke, affecting a total of 1,333,687 lakes ≥10 ha. An incredible 98.9% of lakes experienced at least 10 smoke‐days a year, with 89.6% of lakes receiving over 30 lake smoke‐days, and lakes in some regions experiencing up to 4 months of cumulative smoke‐days. Herein we review the mechanisms through which smoke and ash can affect lakes by altering the amount and spectral composition of incoming solar radiation and depositing carbon, nutrients, or toxic compounds that could alter chemical conditions and impact biota. We develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes known and theoretical impacts of smoke on lakes to guide future research. Finally, we identify emerging research priorities that can help us better understand how lakes will be affected by smoke as wildfire activity increases due to climate change and other anthropogenic activities.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Corrigendum: Turbulent diapycnal fluxes as a pilot Essential Ocean Variable - Arnaud Le Boyer; Nicole Couto; Matthew H. Alford; Henri F. Drake; Cynthia E. Bluteau; Kenneth G. Hughes; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato; Aurélie J. Moulin; Thomas Peacock; Elizabeth C. Fine; Ali Mashayek; Laura Cimoli; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)

Science advice for international governance – An evidence-based perspective on the role of SCAR in the Antarctic Treaty System - Steven L. Chown; Kees Bastmeijer; Cassandra M. Brooks; Neil Gilbert; Laura M. Phillips; Akiho Shibata (Marine Policy, 2024)

The illegal exploitation of threatened manta and devil rays in the Chagos Archipelago, one of the world’s largest no-take MPAs - Joanna L. Harris; Guy M.W. Stevens (Marine Policy, 2024)

Holocene paleoceanographic variability in Robertson Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica: A marine record of ocean, ice sheet, and climate connectivity - Olivia J. Truax; Christina R. Riesselman; Gary S. Wilson; Craig L. Stevens; Rebecca L. Parker; Jae Il Lee; Robert M. McKay; Brad E. Rosenheim; Catherine E. Ginnane; Jocelyn C. Turnbull; Heung Soo Moon; Min Kyung Lee; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale - Juan Serratosa; Steffen Oppel; Shay Rotics; Andrea Santangeli; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Luis S. Cano-Alonso; Jose Luis Tellería; Ryno Kemp; Aaron Nicholas; Aigars Kalvāns; Aitor Galarza; Aldina M.A. Franco; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Physiological and perceptual responses to acute arm cranking with blood flow restriction - Benjamin A. Cockfield; Isaac J. Wedig; Alyssa L. Vinckier; John McDaniel; Steven J. Elmer (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Collaboration and engagement with decision-makers are needed to reduce evidence complacency in wildlife management - Andrew N. Kadykalo; C. Scott Findlay; Matthew Spencer; Chris L. Callaghan; Steven J. Cooke; Nathan Young (Ambio, 2024)

First records of the sicklefin ( Mobula tarapacana ), bentfin ( Mobula thurstoni ), and spinetail ( Mobula mobular ) devil rays in the Chagos Archipelago - Joanna L. Harris; Claire Collins; Mark Spalding; Guy M. W. Stevens (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
Recent encounters with sicklefin ( Mobula tarapacana ) and bentfin ( Mobula thurstoni ) devil rays in the Chagos Archipelago provide the first confirmed observations of live specimens of these species in this region. Examination of illegal fishing photo archives collected during enforcement revealed these endangered species, and spinetail devil rays ( Mobula mobular ), are being caught within the archipelago's vast no‐take marine protected area. Future cooperation between authorities and mobulid ray experts is crucial to improve the availability and accuracy of enforcement data and improve management of illegal fishing and mobulid ray conservation activities.

Unearthing the soil‐borne microbiome of land plants - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso; David J. Eldridge; Miguel Berdugo; Pankaj Trivedi; Blessing Sokoya; Concha Cano‐Díaz; Sebastian Abades; Fernando Alfaro; Adebola R. Bamigboye; Felipe Bastida; José L. Blanco‐Pastor; Asunción de los Rios; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Plant–soil biodiversity interactions are fundamental for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, the existence of a set of globally distributed topsoil microbial and small invertebrate organisms consistently associated with land plants (i.e., their consistent soil‐borne microbiome), together with the environmental preferences and functional capabilities of these organisms, remains unknown. We conducted a standardized field survey under 150 species of land plants, including 58 species of bryophytes and 92 of vascular plants, across 124 locations from all continents. We found that, despite the immense biodiversity of soil organisms, the land plants evaluated only shared a small fraction (less than 1%) of all microbial and invertebrate taxa that were present across contrasting climatic and soil conditions and vegetation types. These consistent taxa were dominated by generalist decomposers and phagotrophs and their presence was positively correlated with the abundance of functional genes linked to mineralization. Finally, we showed that crossing environmental thresholds in aridity (aridity index of 0.65, i.e., the transition from mesic to dry ecosystems), soil pH (5.5; i.e., the transition from acidic to strongly acidic soils), and carbon (less than 2%, the lower limit of fertile soils) can result in drastic disruptions in the associations between land plants and soil organisms, with potential implications for the delivery of soil ecosystem processes under ongoing global environmental change.

Acclimation capacity to global warming of amphibians and freshwater fishes: Drivers, patterns, and data limitations - Katharina Ruthsatz; Flemming Dahlke; Katharina Alter; Sylke Wohlrab; Paula C. Eterovick; Mariana L. Lyra; Sven Gippner; Steven J. Cooke; Myron A. Peck (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Amphibians and fishes play a central role in shaping the structure and function of freshwater environments. These organisms have a limited capacity to disperse across different habitats and the thermal buffer offered by freshwater systems is small. Understanding determinants and patterns of their physiological sensitivity across life history is, therefore, imperative to predicting the impacts of climate change in freshwater systems. Based on a systematic literature review including 345 experiments with 998 estimates on 96 amphibian (Anura/Caudata) and 93 freshwater fish species (Teleostei), we conducted a quantitative synthesis to explore phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and biogeographic (thermal adaptation) patterns in upper thermal tolerance (CT max ) and thermal acclimation capacity (acclimation response ratio, ARR) as well as the influence of the methodology used to assess these thermal traits using a conditional inference tree analysis. We found globally consistent patterns in CT max and ARR, with phylogeny (taxa/order), experimental methodology, climatic origin, and life stage as significant determinants of thermal traits. The analysis demonstrated that CT max does not primarily depend on the climatic origin but on experimental acclimation temperature and duration, and life stage. Higher acclimation temperatures and longer acclimation times led to higher CT max values, whereby Anuran larvae revealed a higher CT max than older life stages. The ARR of freshwater fishes was more than twice that of amphibians. Differences in ARR between life stages were not significant. In addition to phylogenetic differences, we found that ARR also depended on acclimation duration, ramping rate, and adaptation to local temperature variability. However, the amount of data on early life stages is too small, methodologically inconsistent, and phylogenetically unbalanced to identify potential life cycle bottlenecks in thermal traits. We, therefore, propose methods to improve the robustness and comparability of CT max /ARR data across species and life stages, which is crucial for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity under climate change.

Distinct responses to warming within picoplankton communities across an environmental gradient - Bethany L. F. Stevens; Emily E. Peacock; E. Taylor Crockford; Alexi Shalapyonok; Michael G. Neubert; Heidi M. Sosik (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Picophytoplankton are a ubiquitous component of marine plankton communities and are expected to be favored by global increases in seawater temperature and stratification associated with climate change. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic picophytoplankton have distinct ecology, and global models predict that the two groups will respond differently to future climate scenarios. At a nearshore observatory on the Northeast US Shelf, however, decades of year‐round monitoring have shown these two groups to be highly synchronized in their responses to environmental variability. To reconcile the differences between regional and global predictions for picophytoplankton dynamics, we here investigate the picophytoplankton community across the continental shelf gradient from the nearshore observatory to the continental slope. We analyze flow cytometry data from 22 research cruises, comparing the response of picoeukaryote and Synechococcus communities to environmental variability across time and space. We find that the mechanisms controlling picophytoplankton abundance differ across taxa, season, and distance from shore. Like the prokaryote, Synechococcus , picoeukaryote division rates are limited nearshore by low temperatures in winter and spring, and higher temperatures offshore lead to an earlier spring bloom. Unlike Synechococcus , picoeukaryote concentration in summer decreases dramatically in offshore surface waters and exhibits deeper subsurface maxima. The offshore picoeukaryote community appears to be nutrient limited in the summer and subject to much greater loss rates than Synechococcus . This work both produces and demonstrates the necessity of taxon‐ and site‐specific knowledge for accurately predicting the responses of picophytoplankton to ongoing environmental change.

Tracking magma pathways and surface faulting in the Southwest Rift Zone and the Koaʻe fault system (Kīlauea volcano, Hawai ‘i) using photogrammetry and structural observations - Stefano Mannini; Joël Ruch; Richard W. Hazlett; Drew T. Downs; Carolyn E. Parcheta; Steven P. Lundblad; James L. Anderson; Ryan Perroy; Nicolas Oestreicher (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2024)
Volcanic islands are often subject to flank instability, resulting from a combination of magmatic intrusions along rift zones and gravitational spreading causing extensional faulting at the surface. Here, we study the Koaʻe fault system (KFS), located south of the summit caldera of Kīlauea volcano in Hawaiʻi, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, prone to active faulting, episodic dike intrusions, and flank instability. Two rift zones and the KFS are major structures controlling volcanic flank instability and magma propagation. Although several magmatic intrusions occurred over the KFS, the link between these faults, two nearby rift zones and the flank instability, is still poorly studied. To better characterize the KFS and its structural linkage with the surrounding fault and rift zones, we performed a detailed structural analysis of the extensional fault system, coupled with a helicopter photogrammetric survey, covering part of the south flank of Kīlauea. We generated a high-resolution DEM (~ 8 cm) and orthomosaic (~ 4 cm) to map the fracture field in detail. We also collected ~ 1000 ground structural measurements of extensional fractures during our three field missions (2019, 2022, and 2023). We observed many small, interconnected grabens, monoclines, rollover structures, and en-echelon fractures that were in part previously undocumented. We estimate the cumulative displacement rate across the KFS during the last 600 ~ 700 years and found a decrease toward the west of the horizontal component from 2 to 6 cm per year, consistent with GNSS data. Integrating morphology observations, fault mapping, and kinematic measurements, we propose a new kinematic model of the upper part of the Kīlauea’s south flank, suggesting a clockwise rotation and a translation of a triangular wedge. This wedge is bordered by the extensional structures (ERZ, SWRZ, and the KFS), largely influenced by gravitational spreading. These findings illustrate a structural linkage between the two rift zones and the KFS, the latter being episodically affected by dike intrusions.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Glyphosate-based restoration of a degraded grassland threatens soil health and the diversity of nematode communities - J. Parr McQueen; Eli M.S. Gendron; Adam J. Solon; Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita; Rebecca A. Hufft; Nancy Shackelford; Katharine N. Suding; Steven K. Schmidt; Dorota L. Porazinska (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

The faecal microbiome of the Australian silver gull contains phylogenetically diverse ExPEC, aEPEC and Escherichia coli carrying the transmissible locus of stress tolerance - Ethan R. Wyrsch; Bethany J. Hoye; Martina Sanderson-Smith; Jody Gorman; Kimberly Maute; Max L. Cummins; Veronica M. Jarocki; Marc S. Marenda; Monika Dolejska; Steven P. Djordjevic (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Morphodynamic and modeling insights from global sensitivity analysis of a barrier island evolution model - Steven W.H. Hoagland; Jennifer L. Irish; Robert Weiss (Geomorphology, 2024)

Associations between violent crime inside and outside, air temperature, urban heat island magnitude and urban green space - Heather R. Stevens; Petra L. Graham; Paul J. Beggs; Alessandro Ossola (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2024)
There are more incidents of violence in summer and on hot days, a trend likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Urban areas experience additional temperature modulation due to the urban form, however, to date, no studies have considered the effect of the urban heat island (UHI) or green space with respect to the temperature–violence relationship. This study modelled the relationship between the number of daily violent crime incidents that occurred inside or outside between July 2013 and June 2018, and the average surface UHI or percentage greencover (including grasses, shrubs and trees) within each local government area in Greater Sydney, Australia. Panelised negative binomial time series regression models indicated that the violent crime rate was associated with higher surface UHI for crimes committed outside ( p = 0.006) but not inside ( p = 0.072). Greater percentage of all vegetation was associated with significantly lower rates of violent crime committed outside ( p = 0.011) but was not associated with violent crimes committed inside ( p = 0.430). More socio-economic disadvantage was associated with higher rates of violent crime committed inside ( p = 0.002) but not outside ( p = 0.145). Greater temperature was non-linearly associated with higher rates of violent crime committed both inside and outside ( p < 0.001). The findings of this study are important because both violence and heat exposure are critical health issues and will be stressed by urbanisation and climate change. The expansion of green space and/or reduction in UHI may mitigate these effects.

Internal phosphorus loading alters nutrient limitation and contributes to cyanobacterial blooms in a polymictic lake - Micah M. Swann; Alicia Cortes; Alexander L. Forrest; Nick Framsted; Steven Sadro; S. Geoffrey Schladow; Angela De Palma-Dow (Aquatic Sciences, 2024)
Clear Lake, a medium-sized hypereutrophic, polymictic lake in northern California, has had recurring harmful cyanobacteria blooms (HCBs) for over a century despite reductions in external phosphorus (P) loadings. Internal P loading can alter nutrient availability and limitation supporting HCBs but is rarely quantified or compared with external loads. We have quantified external P loads from 2019 to 2021 for the three main tributaries (accounting for 46% of the flow) and internal loadings using two methods: a P mass balance and modeled release rates of soluble reactive phosphorus from oxic and anoxic sediments. In addition, we combined high-frequency in situ measurements of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, discrete grab sampling for nutrient chemistry, and remote sensing to explore the potential drivers of the observed variability and provide a comprehensive view of the spatiotemporal dynamics of HCBs. By understanding the relative contribution of external and internal nutrient loadings and the relationship between environmental parameters and HCBs, interannual bloom variability can be better predicted. Comparative estimates of external and internal phosphorus loading indicate that internal sources accounted for 70–95% of the total P input into the system during the study period. Contrary to other lakes, the intensity of the summer bloom season was correlated to the timing and duration of anoxia rather than the magnitude of spring runoff. Internally released P shifted the system from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation during the summer, potentially favoring the proliferation of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Habitat-dependent metabolic costs for a wild cold-water fish - Benjamin L. Hlina; Daniel M. Glassman; Elodie J. I. Lédée; Liane B. Nowell; Julie E. Claussen; David P. Philipp; J. Ellen Marsden; Michael Power; Steven J. Cooke (Aquatic Sciences, 2024)

The distinctive weathering crust habitat of a High Arctic glacier comprises discrete microbial micro‐habitats - Sara M. E. Rassner; Joseph M. Cook; Andrew C. Mitchell; Ian T. Stevens; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn; Andrew J. Hodson; Arwyn Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2024)
Sunlight penetrates the ice surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets, forming a water‐bearing porous ice matrix known as the weathering crust. This crust is home to a significant microbial community. Despite the potential implications of microbial processes in the weathering crust for glacial melting, biogeochemical cycles, and downstream ecosystems, there have been few explorations of its microbial communities. In our study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics of a Svalbard glacier surface catchment to characterise the microbial communities within the weathering crust, their origins and destinies, and the functional potential of the weathering crust metagenome. Our findings reveal that the bacterial community in the weathering crust is distinct from those in upstream and downstream habitats. However, it comprises two separate micro‐habitats, each with different taxa and functional categories. The interstitial porewater is dominated by Polaromonas , influenced by the transfer of snowmelt, and exported via meltwater channels. In contrast, the ice matrix is dominated by Hymenobacter , and its metagenome exhibits a diverse range of functional adaptations. Given that the global weathering crust area and the subsequent release of microbes from it are strongly responsive to climate projections for the rest of the century, our results underscore the pressing need to integrate the microbiome of the weathering crust with other communities and processes in glacial ecosystems.

Long‐term drought promotes invasive species by reducing wildfire severity - Sarah Kimball; Jessica Rath; Julie E. Coffey; Moises R. Perea‐Vega; Matthew Walsh; Nicole M. Fiore; Priscilla M. Ta; Katharina T. Schmidt; Michael L. Goulden; Steven D. Allison (Ecology, 2024)
Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency of drought, wildfire, and invasions of non‐native species. Although high‐severity fires linked to drought can inhibit recovery of native vegetation in forested ecosystems, it remains unclear how drought impacts the recovery of other plant communities following wildfire. We leveraged an existing rainfall manipulation experiment to test the hypothesis that reduced precipitation, fuel load, and fire severity convert plant community composition from native shrubs to invasive grasses in a Southern California coastal sage scrub system. We measured community composition before and after the 2020 Silverado wildfire in plots with three rainfall treatments. Drought reduced fuel load and vegetation cover, which reduced fire severity. Native shrubs had greater prefire cover in added water plots compared to reduced water plots. Native cover was lower and invasive cover was higher in postfire reduced water plots compared to postfire added and ambient water plots. Our results demonstrate the importance of fuel load on fire severity and plant community composition on an ecosystem scale. Management should focus on reducing fire frequency and removing invasive species to maintain the resilience of coastal sage scrub communities facing drought. In these communities, controlled burns are not recommended as they promote invasive plants.

Identifying predictors of translocation success in rare plant species - Joe Bellis; Oyomoare Osazuwa‐Peters; Joyce Maschinski; Matthew J. Keir; Elliott W. Parsons; Thomas N. Kaye; Michael Kunz; Jennifer Possley; Eric Menges; Stacy A. Smith; Daniela Roth; Debbie Brewer; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2024)
The fundamental goal of a rare plant translocation is to create self‐sustaining populations with the evolutionary resilience to persist in the long term. Yet, most plant translocation syntheses focus on a few factors influencing short‐term benchmarks of success (e.g., survival and reproduction). Short‐term benchmarks can be misleading when trying to infer future growth and viability because the factors that promote establishment may differ from those required for long‐term persistence. We assembled a large ( n = 275) and broadly representative data set of well‐documented and monitored (7.9 years on average) at‐risk plant translocations to identify the most important site attributes, management techniques, and species’ traits for six life‐cycle benchmarks and population metrics of translocation success. We used the random forest algorithm to quantify the relative importance of 29 predictor variables for each metric of success. Drivers of translocation outcomes varied across time frames and success metrics. Management techniques had the greatest relative influence on the attainment of life‐cycle benchmarks and short‐term population trends, whereas site attributes and species’ traits were more important for population persistence and long‐term trends. Specifically, large founder sizes increased the potential for reproduction and recruitment into the next generation, whereas declining habitat quality and the outplanting of species with low seed production led to increased extinction risks and a reduction in potential reproductive output in the long‐term, respectively. We also detected novel interactions between some of the most important drivers, such as an increased probability of next‐generation recruitment in species with greater seed production rates, but only when coupled with large founder sizes. Because most significant barriers to plant translocation success can be overcome by improving techniques or resolving site‐level issues through early intervention and management, we suggest that by combining long‐term monitoring with adaptive management, translocation programs can enhance the prospects of achieving long‐term success.

Editorial: Understanding and predicting the Gulf of Mexico ocean dynamics - Steven L. Morey; Ruoying He; Eric P. Chassignet; Julio Sheinbaum (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)

Participation in collaborative fisheries research improves the perceptions of recreational anglers towards marine protected areas - Erin M. Johnston; Grant T. Waltz; Rosamaria Kosaka; Ellie M. Brauer; Shelby L. Ziegler; Erica T. Jarvis Mason; Hunter S. Glanz; Lauren Zaragoza; Allison N. Kellum; Rachel O. Brooks; Brice X. Semmens; Christopher J. Honeyman; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Collaborative fisheries research programs engage stakeholders in data collection efforts, often with the benefit of increasing transparency about the status and management of natural resources. These programs are particularly important in marine systems, where management of recreational and commercial fisheries have historically been contentious. One such program is the California Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP), which was designed in 2006 to engage recreational anglers in the scientific process and evaluate the efficacy of California’s network of marine protected areas. CCFRP began on the Central Coast of California and expanded statewide in 2017 to include six partner institutions in three regions: Northern, Central, and Southern California. To date, over 2,000 volunteer anglers have participated in the program, with many anglers volunteering for multiple years. However, the impacts of outreach, education, and collaborative research on those anglers at the statewide scale are currently unknown. Thus, the objective of the current study was to survey the statewide pool of volunteer anglers to assess the degree to which participation in CCFRP has influenced angler perceptions of MPAs, fisheries management, and conservation. We received 259 completed surveys out of a pool of 1,386 active anglers, equating to an 18.7% response rate. Participation in CCFRP resulted in a significant, positive impact on anglers’ attitudes towards MPAs in California across all regions. Anglers who participated in six or more CCFRP fishing trips had a more positive perception of MPAs than those who participated in fewer trips. Volunteer anglers across all regions perceived that they caught larger fishes, a higher abundance of fishes, and a greater diversity of species inside MPAs, consistent with the ecological findings of the program. These results highlight the benefits of involving community members in collaborative scientific research. Collaboration between researchers and the broader community increases transparency and trust between stakeholders, and results in greater understanding of natural resource dynamics, ultimately producing better management outcomes.

Discovery of polycyclic aromatic acid metabolites in fish exposed to the petroleum compounds 1-methylphenanthrene and 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene - Charlotte L. Nakken; Sonnich Meier; Svein A. Mjøs; Lubertus Bijlsma; Steven J. Rowland; Carey E. Donald (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Daily Saturated Fat and Sodium Content of Elementary School Meals in a Large Sample of 128 Geographically Diverse School Systems in the United States - Leah Elizabeth Chapman; Scott A. Richardson; Eric B. Rimm; Steven L. Gortmaker; Matthew M. Lee; Juliana F.W. Cohen (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024)

Productivity and organic carbon loading control uranium isotope behavior in ancient reducing settings: Implications for the paleoredox proxy - Randolph L. Rutledge; Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau; Mariano N. Remírez; Alan J. Kaufman; Timothy W. Lyons; Steven Bates; Thomas J. Algeo (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Structured decision making remains underused in ecological restoration despite opportunities - Morgan L. Piczak; Jessica A. Robichaud; Peter Morrison; Andrew M. Rous; Ingeborg M. Mulder; Cassandra J. Hill; Tanya S. Prystay; Hanna Rosner-Katz; Kelly F. Robinson; Joseph R. Bennett; Steven J. Cooke (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2024)

Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses - Prasannaah Hadagali; Steven L. Fischer; Jack P. Callaghan; Duane S. Cronin (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Trait‐based analyses reveal global patterns in diverse diets of albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ) - Natasha A. Hardy; Cindy Matuch; Zachary Roote; Iris George; Barbara A. Muhling; Michael G. Jacox; Elliott L. Hazen; Steven J. Bograd; Larry B. Crowder; Stephanie J. Green (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
Simplifying complex species interactions can facilitate tracking and predicting functional responses to ecological stressors. This is important for highly migratory pelagic predators, exploiting diverse prey fields as they respond to dynamic environments. We reconstructed the historical resource use of albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ) globally from the 1900s to 2015 and confirmed highly biodiverse diets with 308 prey species, and an additional 238 taxa at coarser taxonomic resolution. We synthesised prey diversity into seven functional trait guilds using hierarchical divisive clustering algorithms as a function of four traits that describe habitat use and influence predator–prey encounter rates – prey habitat association vertically in the water column, horizontally along the coastal to pelagic gradient, seasonal and diel vertical migratory behaviour. We explored variability in historical composition of albacore diets across geographies based on species identity, individual trait information and functional trait guilds using a multi‐matrix modelling framework. Taxonomic information remains important for trophic ecology, however, species‐based diet composition in albacore tuna was highly variable across geographies and years sampled, making interpretation of these patterns difficult. By simplifying species identity into habitat‐based traits, we highlight changes in prey resources consumed, such as the historical importance of near‐surface epipelagic prey resources from coastal to oceanic habitats, and seasonally migrating continental shelf prey, with less frequent pulses of deeper water and demersal taxa. Trait information and trait guilds serve as useful classification frameworks for identifying functionally redundant food web linkages across biodiverse prey, and will prove useful in tracking predators' foraging responses to changing resource availability.

Comparison of sediment biomarker signatures generated using time-integrated and discrete suspended sediment samples - Hari Ram Upadhayay; Steven J. Granger; Adrian L. Collins (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024)
Sediment source fingerprinting using biomarker properties has led to new insights in our understanding of land use contributions to time-integrated suspended sediment samples at catchment scale. A time-integrated mass-flux sampler (TIMS; also known as the ‘Phillips’ sampler), a cost-effective approach for suspended sediment collection in situ. Such samplers are widely being used to collect sediment samples for source fingerprinting purposes, including studies using biomarkers as opposed to more conventional tracer properties. Here, we assessed the performance of TIMS for collecting representative sediment samples for biomarkers during high discharge events in a small lowland grassland-dominated catchment. Concentrations of long odd-chain n-alkanes (> C 23 ) and both saturated free and bound fatty acids (C 14 -C 32 ), as well as compound-specific 13 C were compared between sediment collected by both TIMS and autosamplers (ISCO). The results showed that concentrations of alkanes, free fatty acids, and bound fatty acids are consistently comparable between TIMS and ISCO suspended sediment samples. Similarly, compound-specific 13 C signals were not found to be significantly different in the suspended sediment samples collected using the different samplers. However, different magnitudes of resemblance in biomarker concentrations and compositions between the samples collected using the two sediment collection methods were confirmed by overlapping index and symmetric coordinates-based correlation analysis. Here, the difference is attributed to the contrasting temporal basis of TIMS (time-integrated) vs. ISCO (discrete) samples, as well as potential differences in the particle sizes collected by these different sediment sampling methods. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that TIMS can be used to generate representative biomarker data for suspended sediment samples collected during high discharge events.

Contribution of the wind and Loop Current eddies to the circulation in the western Gulf of Mexico - Erick R. Olvera-Prado; Steven L. Morey; Eric P. Chassignet (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
The roles of the Loop Current (LC) and associated eddies in driving the circulation of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) have been investigated for several decades from different perspectives. Nevertheless, a clear understanding of the relative contributions of the wind forcing and the Loop Current eddies (LCEs) to the GoM circulation and variability remain lacking. In this study, the roles of these two factors in sustaining the less well-known western GoM upper-layer (~1000 m) circulation are investigated with two numerical experiments using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). First, we examine the relative contributions of the wind and LCEs in setting the mean circulation in the western GOM. We then perform a vorticity balance to analyze the relative importance of the physical processes, including the wind stress, involved in sustaining the western GoM circulation. The results show that the wind stress contributes to a mean anticyclonic circulation in the central and northwestern Gulf, while in the southwestern subregion both wind and LCEs combine to induce a cyclonic circulation, highlighting the role of wind stress curl and topographic confinement. The vorticity balance analysis conducted in the upper layer of the western basin shows that planetary vorticity and stretching are primarily responsible for the balance in time scales longer than weeks, and their co-variability are good indicators of LCEs entering the central and northwestern subregions. However, the southwestern subregion is primarily driven by vortex stretching. Mean advection of vorticity and planetary vorticity are also contributors to the time-averaged vorticity field. Since the wind stress is distributed over the upper layer of the GoM, direct input of vorticity in the regional vorticity balance is negligible, but it does play a role through the vortex stretching term. The results also suggest that wind forcing acts to produce larger, faster moving, and longer-lived anticyclonic eddies that impact the western Gulf and modulate the circulation over monthly timescales.

State of the California Current Ecosystem report in 2022: a tale of two La Niñas - Andrew R. Thompson; Rasmus Swalethorp; Michaela Alksne; Jarrod A. Santora; Elliott L. Hazen; Andrew Leising; Erin Satterthwaite; William J. Sydeman; Clarissa R. Anderson; Toby D. Auth; Simone Baumann-Pickering; Timothy Baumgardner; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
2022 marked the third consecutive La Niña and extended the longest consecutive stretch of negative Oceanic Niño Index since 1998-2001. While physical and biological conditions in winter and spring largely adhered to prior La Niña conditions, summer and fall were very different. Similar to past La Niña events, in winter and spring coastal upwelling was either average or above average, temperature average or below average, salinity generally above average. In summer and fall, however, upwelling and temperature were generally average or slightly below average, salinity was close to average and chlorophyll a was close to average. Again, as during prior La Niña events, biomass of northern/southern copepods was above/below average off Oregon in winter, and body size of North Pacific krill in northern California was above average in winter. By contrast, later in the year the abundance of northern krill dropped off Oregon while southern copepods increased and body sizes of North Pacific krill fell in northern California. Off Oregon and Washington abundances of market squid and Pacific pompano (indicators of warm, non-typical La Niña conditions) were high. In the 20 th century, Northern anchovy recruitment tended to be high during cold conditions, but despite mostly warm conditions from 2015-2021 anchovy populations boomed and remained high in 2022. Resident seabird reproductive success, which tended in the past to increase during productive La Niña conditions was highly variable throughout the system as common murre and pelagic cormorant, experienced complete reproductive failure at Yaquina Head, Oregon while Brandt’s cormorant reproduction was average. At three sampling locations off central California, however, common murre reproduction was close to or above average while both pelagic and Brandt’s cormorant were above average. California sealion reproduction has been above average each year since 2016, and pup weight was also above average in 2022, likely in response not to La Niña or El Niño but continuous high abundance of anchovy. The highly variable and often unpredictable physical and biological conditions in 2022 highlight a growing recognition of disconnects between basin-scale indices and local conditions in the CCE. “July-December 2022 is the biggest outlier from individual “strong” La Niña (events) ever going back to the 50s.” – Nate Mantua

Effect of dietary phytase on water and fecal prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes in a hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis aureus x O. niloticus) mixotrophic biofloc production system - Candis L. Ray; Jason W. Abernathy; Bartholomew W. Green; Adam R. Rivers; Kevin K. Schrader; Steven D. Rawles; Matthew E. McEntire; Miles D. Lange; Carl D. Webster (Aquaculture, 2024)

Infestation of cultivated Pacific oysters by shell-boring polychaetes along the US West Coast: Prevalence is associated with season, culture method, and pH - Julieta C. Martinelli; Megan Considine; Helen R. Casendino; Carolyn M. Tarpey; Isadora Jiménez-Hidalgo; Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamiño; Teri L. King; Lorenz Hauser; Steven Rumrill; Chelsea L. Wood (Aquaculture, 2024)

Secular variation in the magnitudes of Phanerozoic and Precambrian weathering - L. Gordon Medaris Jr.; Steven G. Driese (Precambrian Research, 2024)

New caenagnathid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) dinosaur specimens from middle and upper Campanian strata of West Texas - Steven L. Wick; Thomas M. Lehman; John D. Fortner (Geobios, 2024)

A framework to support the identification of critical habitat for wide-ranging species at risk under climate change - Lionel Leston; Francisco V. Dénes; Teegan D. S. Docherty; Junior A. Tremblay; Yan Boulanger; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Diana Stralberg; Peter Sólymos; Samuel Haché; Kathy St. Laurent; Russ Weeber; Bruno Drolet; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)
To recover species at risk, it is necessary to identify habitat critical to their recovery. Challenges for species with large ranges (thousands of square kilometres) include delineating management unit boundaries within which habitat use differs from other units, along with assessing any differences among units in amounts of and threats to habitat over time. We developed a reproducible framework to support identification of critical habitat for wide-ranging species at risk. The framework (i) reviews species distribution and life history; (ii) delineates management units across the range; (iii) evaluates and compares current and (iv) potential future habitat and population size and (v) prioritizes areas within management units based on current and future conditions under various scenarios of climate change and land-use. We used Canada Warbler ( Cardellina canadensis ) and Wood Thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina ) in Canada as case studies. Using geographically weighted regression models and cluster analysis to measure spatial variation in model coefficients, we found geographic differences in habitat association only for Canada Warbler. Using other models to predict current habitat amount for each species in different management units, then future habitat amount under land use and climate change, we projected that: (1) Canada Warbler populations would decrease in Alberta but increase in Nova Scotia and (2) Wood Thrush populations would increase under most scenarios run in Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, but not in Ontario. By comparing results from future scenarios and spatial prioritization exercises, our framework supports identification of critical habitat in ways that incorporate climate and land-use projections.

Where did the water come from? Wetlands and shallow lakes in semi‐arid dunefields from South America during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition - Alfonsina Tripaldi; Ivana L. Ozán; Guillermo Heider; María J. Orgeira; Steven L. Forman (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2024)
Stabilized and active dunes and sand sheet deposits abound in a small lake‐dotted semi‐arid region of the Western Pampean Dunefield, Argentina. Here, a multi‐scale and multi‐proxy study of three sites, across a hydrologic gradient from lakes to a dryland with groundwater levels at more than 25 m depth, analyzes calcareous and ferruginous rhizoliths, calcareous crusts, hypocoatings, pedogenic carbonate and amorphous Mn‐oxide precipitates within blowout dunes. These palustrine‐related features indicate significantly wetter conditions that allowed the development of shallow lakes and expanding wetlands during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, limited by associated optically stimulated luminescence ages between ca. 14.7 and 11.6 ka. These wetter conditions, also identified in other nearby proxy records, may be associated with a strengthened South American Monsoon System, potentially during the Younger Dryas Chronozone, though other geological, ecological and climatic forcings cannot be ruled out with available data. Such a scenario lacks a modern analogue, since current hydrologic excess, evidenced in the formation of lakes and new rivers, is not observed in the localities which record paleolakes. This study underlines the variable conditions for pronounced hydrologic excess in semi‐arid eolian environments in western Argentina with complex ecological, anthropogenic and climatic linkages.

Genetic sex determination improves Canadian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) population assessments - Martha J. Robertson; Sarah J. Lehnert; Nicholas I. Kelly; Lorraine C. Hamilton; Ross A. Jones; Alex L. Levy; Rebecca Poole; Chantelle M. Burke; Steven J. Duffy; Amber Messmer; Ian R. Bradbury (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2024)
Estimating egg deposition for Atlantic salmon population assessments is made difficult by their lack of sexual dimorphism prior to the autumn spawning season. We quantified the effect of sex misclassification from subjective examination of external morphology on egg deposition estimates in four Atlantic salmon populations across multiple years. Sex classification of Canadian salmon using the genetic sex marker ( sd Y) was accurate (>97%), whereas sex classification based on subjective examination of external morphology was inaccurate, with misclassification rates dependent on sea age, life history, and sampling season. Sex misclassification led to annual egg deposition estimates that ranged from −36% to +56%. We found that sex could not be discriminated based on measures of external morphology.

Reasons to Be Skeptical about Sentience and Pain in Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates - Benjamin K. Diggles; Robert Arlinghaus; Howard I. Browman; Steven J. Cooke; Robin L. Cooper; Ian G. Cowx; Charles D. Derby; Stuart W. Derbyshire; Paul JB Hart; Brian Jones; Alexander O. Kasumyan; Brian Key; et al. (Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2024)

Improved computational methods for probabilistic liquefaction hazard analysis - Andrew J. Makdisi; Steven L. Kramer (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024)

Genomic analysis of Citrobacter from Australian wastewater and silver gulls reveals novel sequence types carrying critically important antibiotic resistance genes - Sopheak Hem; Max L. Cummins; Ethan R. Wyrsch; Barbara Drigo; Bethany J. Hoye; Kimberly Maute; Martina Sanderson-Smith; Jody Gorman; Daniel R. Bogema; Cheryl Jenkins; Ania T. Deutscher; Jerald Yam; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Plastic ingestion in giant tortoises: An example of a novel anthropogenic impact for Galapagos wildlife - Karina Ramon-Gomez; Santiago R. Ron; Sharon L. Deem; Kyana N. Pike; Colton Stevens; Juan Carlos Izurieta; Ainoa Nieto-Claudin (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Spatio-temporally resolved dynamical transitions in flow of Pickering emulsions through porous media - Aigerim S. Meimanova; Leonardo Martin-Alarcon; Guofeng Yang; Brandy Kinkead; Aleksandra Govedarica; Steven L. Bryant; Milana Trifkovic (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Trophic group specific responses of alpine nematode communities to 18 years of N addition and codominant plant removal - Rachel M. Shepherd; Laurel M. Brigham; Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita; Kaitlin M. Gattoni; Eli M. Gendron; Philip G. Hahn; Steven K. Schmidt; Jane G. Smith; Katharine N. Suding; Dorota L. Porazinska (Plant and Soil, 2024)

Impact of Drought on Ecohydrology of Southern California Grassland and Shrubland - Luciana Chavez Rodriguez; Scot Parker; Nicole M. Fiore; Steven D. Allison; Michael L. Goulden (Ecosystems, 2024)
Through their rooting profiles and water demands, plants affect the distribution of water in the soil profile. Simultaneously, soil water content controls plant development and interactions within and between plant communities. These plant-soil water feedbacks might vary across plant communities with different rooting depths and species composition. In semiarid environments, understanding these differences will be essential to predict how ecosystems will respond to drought, which may become more frequent and severe with climate change. In this study, we tested how plant-soil water feedbacks responded to drought in two contrasting ecosystem types—grassland and shrubland—in the coastal foothills of southern California. During years 5–8 of an ongoing precipitation manipulation experiment, we measured changes in plant communities and soil moisture up to 2 m depth. We observed different water use patterns in grassland and shrubland communities with distinct plant functional types and water use strategies. Drought treatment did not affect perennial, deep-rooted shrubs because they could access deep soil water pools. However, mid-rooted shrubs were sensitive to drought and experienced decreased productivity and die-off. As a result, water content actually increased with drought at soil depths from 50–150 cm. In grassland, biomass production by annual species, including annual grasses and forbs, declined with drought, resulting in lower water uptake from the surface soil layer. An opportunistic “live fast, die young“ life strategy allowed these species to recover quickly once water availability increased. Our results show how drought interacts with plant community composition to affect the soil water balance of semiarid ecosystems, information that could be integrated into global scale models.

First evidence of mouse predation killing adult great albatrosses - Maëlle Connan; Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; Lucy K. Smyth; Steffen Oppel; Vonica Perold; Kim L. Stevens; Roelf Daling; Peter G. Ryan (Biological Invasions, 2024)
Invasive rodents threaten native species in numerous ecosystems, especially oceanic islands. The House Mouse Mus musculus is the only introduced mammal species on sub-Antarctic Gough and Marion Islands. Ample evidence exists of mice preying upon seabird chicks on these two islands, but there have been only a few reports of attacks on adult seabirds, none of which has been fatal. We report the first deaths of adult great albatrosses due to mouse attacks. On Gough Island, three Tristan Albatrosses Diomedea dabbenena (Critically Endangered) brooding small chicks were observed with wounds typical of mouse attacks in March–April 2021; two likely abandoned their chick, causing breeding failure, and the third was found dead eight days after discovery with large blowfly larvae in the wound. On Marion Island, two wounded and eight dead adult Wandering Albatrosses D. exulans (Vulnerable) were found in April 2023. Inspection of the wounded individuals, as well as the injuries on the fresh carcasses strongly suggest that mouse predation was the cause of death. Gough Island is home to virtually all Tristan Albatrosses, and Marion Island is the single most important breeding site for Wandering Albatrosses, home to about a quarter of all breeding birds. The death of breeding adults of these long-lived species emphasizes the urgent need to eradicate introduced mice from these islands.

Undervaluing soil carbon sequestration potential enables climate inaction - Maya Almaraz; Maegen Simmonds; F. Garrett Boudinot; Alan V. Di Vittorio; Nina Bingham; Sat Darshan S. Khalsa; Steven Ostoja; Andrew Jones; Iris Holzer; Erin Manaigo; Emily Geoghegan; Heath Goertzen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)

Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem - Mattia Saccò; Stefano Mammola; Florian Altermatt; Roman Alther; Rossano Bolpagni; Anton Brancelj; David Brankovits; Cene Fišer; Vasilis Gerovasileiou; Christian Griebler; Simone Guareschi; Grant C. Hose; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Groundwater is a vital ecosystem of the global water cycle, hosting unique biodiversity and providing essential services to societies. Despite being the largest unfrozen freshwater resource, in a period of depletion by extraction and pollution, groundwater environments have been repeatedly overlooked in global biodiversity conservation agendas. Disregarding the importance of groundwater as an ecosystem ignores its critical role in preserving surface biomes. To foster timely global conservation of groundwater, we propose elevating the concept of keystone species into the realm of ecosystems, claiming groundwater as a keystone ecosystem that influences the integrity of many dependent ecosystems. Our global analysis shows that over half of land surface areas (52.6%) has a medium‐to‐high interaction with groundwater, reaching up to 74.9% when deserts and high mountains are excluded. We postulate that the intrinsic transboundary features of groundwater are critical for shifting perspectives towards more holistic approaches in aquatic ecology and beyond. Furthermore, we propose eight key themes to develop a science‐policy integrated groundwater conservation agenda. Given ecosystems above and below the ground intersect at many levels, considering groundwater as an essential component of planetary health is pivotal to reduce biodiversity loss and buffer against climate change.

Dynamic human, oceanographic, and ecological factors mediate transboundary fishery overlap across the Pacific high seas - Timothy H. Frawley; Barbara Muhling; Stephanie Brodie; Hannah Blondin; Heather Welch; Martin C. Arostegui; Steven J. Bograd; Camrin D. Braun; Megan A. Cimino; Nima Farchadi; Elliott L. Hazen; Desiree Tommasi; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2024)
The management and conservation of tuna and other transboundary marine species have to date been limited by an incomplete understanding of the oceanographic, ecological and socioeconomic factors mediating fishery overlap and interactions, and how these factors vary across expansive, open ocean habitats. Despite advances in fisheries monitoring and biologging technology, few attempts have been made to conduct integrated ecological analyses at basin scales relevant to pelagic fisheries and the highly migratory species they target. Here, we use vessel tracking data, archival tags, observer records, and machine learning to examine inter‐ and intra‐annual variability in fisheries overlap (2013–2020) of five pelagic longline fishing fleets with North Pacific albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga , Scombridae). Although progressive declines in catch and biomass have been observed over the past several decades, the North Pacific albacore is one of the only Pacific tuna stocks primarily targeted by pelagic longlines not currently listed as overfished or experiencing overfishing. We find that fishery overlap varies significantly across time and space as mediated by (1) differences in habitat preferences between juvenile and adult albacore; (2) variation of oceanographic features known to aggregate pelagic biomass; and (3) the different spatial niches targeted by shallow‐set and deep‐set longline fishing gear. These findings may have significant implications for stock assessment in this and other transboundary fishery systems, particularly the reliance on fishery‐dependent data to index abundance. Indeed, we argue that additional consideration of how overlap, catchability, and size selectivity parameters vary over time and space may be required to ensure the development of robust, equitable, and climate‐resilient harvest control rules.

Intracellular iron accumulation facilitates mycobacterial infection in old mouse macrophages - Stephen K. Kotey; Xuejuan Tan; Owen Fleming; Ramakrishnama Raju Kasiraju; Audrey L. Dagnell; Kyle N. Van Pelt; Janet Rogers; Steven D. Hartson; Nidheesh Thadathil; Ramasamy Selvarani; Rojina Ranjit; Sreemathi Logan; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Aging has a significant impact on the immune system, leading to a gradual decline in immune function and changes in the body’s ability to respond to bacterial infections. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria or environmental mycobacteria, are commonly found in soil, water, and various environmental sources. While many NTM species are considered opportunistic pathogens, some can cause significant infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as older individuals. When mycobacteria enter the body, macrophages are among the first immune cells to encounter them and attempt to engulf mycobacteria through a process called phagocytosis. Some NTM species, including Mycobacterium avium ( M. avium ) can survive and replicate within macrophages. However, little is known about the interaction between NTM and macrophages in older individuals. In this study, we investigated the response of bone marrow–derived macrophage (BMMs) isolated from young (5 months) and old (25 months) mice to M. avium serotype 4, one of the main NTM species in patients with pulmonary NTM diseases. Our results demonstrated that BMMs from old mice have an increased level of intracellular iron and are more susceptible to M. avium serotype 4 infection compared to BMMs from young mice. The whole-cell proteomic analysis indicated a dysregulated expression of iron homeostasis–associated proteins in old BMMs regardless of mycobacterial infection. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, significantly rescued mycobacterial killing and phagolysosome maturation in BMMs from old mice. Therefore, our data for the first time indicate that an intracellular iron accumulation improves NTM survival within macrophages from old mice and suggest a potential application of iron-chelating drugs as a host-directed therapy for pulmonary NTM infection in older individuals.

Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Analysis of a Molecule Designed to Enhance Endosomal Escape - Satish G. Jadhav; Ryan L. Setten; Carlos Medina; Xian-Shu Cui; Steven F. Dowdy (The AAPS Journal, 2023)

Editorial: Co-creating knowledge with fishers: challenges and lessons for integrating fishers’ knowledge contributions into marine science in well-developed scientific advisory systems - Nathalie A. Steins; Matthew R. Baker; Kate Brooks; Steven Mackinson; Robert L. Stephenson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)

Observing Antarctic Bottom Water in the Southern Ocean - Alessandro Silvano; Sarah Purkey; Arnold L. Gordon; Pasquale Castagno; Andrew L. Stewart; Stephen R. Rintoul; Annie Foppert; Kathryn L. Gunn; Laura Herraiz-Borreguero; Shigeru Aoki; Yoshihiro Nakayama; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Dense, cold waters formed on Antarctic continental shelves descend along the Antarctic continental margin, where they mix with other Southern Ocean waters to form Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW then spreads into the deepest parts of all major ocean basins, isolating heat and carbon from the atmosphere for centuries. Despite AABW’s key role in regulating Earth’s climate on long time scales and in recording Southern Ocean conditions, AABW remains poorly observed. This lack of observational data is mostly due to two factors. First, AABW originates on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope where in situ measurements are limited and ocean observations by satellites are hampered by persistent sea ice cover and long periods of darkness in winter. Second, north of the Antarctic continental slope, AABW is found below approximately 2 km depth, where in situ observations are also scarce and satellites cannot provide direct measurements. Here, we review progress made during the past decades in observing AABW. We describe 1) long-term monitoring obtained by moorings, by ship-based surveys, and beneath ice shelves through bore holes; 2) the recent development of autonomous observing tools in coastal Antarctic and deep ocean systems; and 3) alternative approaches including data assimilation models and satellite-derived proxies. The variety of approaches is beginning to transform our understanding of AABW, including its formation processes, temporal variability, and contribution to the lower limb of the global ocean meridional overturning circulation. In particular, these observations highlight the key role played by winds, sea ice, and the Antarctic Ice Sheet in AABW-related processes. We conclude by discussing future avenues for observing and understanding AABW, impressing the need for a sustained and coordinated observing system.

Heterogeneous Archean oceanic protoliths in Neoproterozoic retrogressed eclogites from Northeast Brazil: Petrological, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic constraints - Alanielson Ferreira; Gary Stevens; Elton L. Dantas; Reinhardt A. Fuck; Ticiano J.S. dos Santos; Marcel V.S. Leandro (Lithos, 2023)

The dynamic influence of subsurface geological processes on the assembly and diversification of thermophilic microbial communities in continental hydrothermal systems - Kenneth W.W. Sims; Cole M. Messa; Sean R. Scott; Andrew D. Parsekian; Andrew Miller; Abraham L. Role; Timothy P. Moloney; Everett L. Shock; Jacob B. Lowenstern; R. Blaine McCleskey; Matthew A. Charette; Bradley J. Carr; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

Perovskite evolution on La modified Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel through thermal ageing with enhanced oxidation activity: Is sintering always an issue? - Wenxiang Tang; Chi Zhang; Yijia Cao; Fangyuan Liu; Junfei Weng; Xingxu Lu; Yanliu Dang; Chang-Yong Nam; Steven L. Suib; Pu-Xian Gao (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Using social network analysis to track the evolution of Pacific food system research collaborations over time - Rachel S. Friedman; Ellis Mackenzie; Asenati L. Chan-Tung; Matthew G. Allen; Steven Crimp (Regional Environmental Change, 2023)
Climate change undermines the foundations of food and nutrition security, making it crucial to understand and improve the current research collaborations striving to fill knowledge gaps about the impacts on food systems. This study focuses on the network of research actors working on food systems and climate change in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vulnerable to climate change, and actively integrating knowledge about climate impacts to inform adaptation planning. Specifically, this study looks at co-publication as a form of research collaboration and co-production, using network analysis to understand who are the prominent organizational actors driving knowledge development in the region. Overall, we found a distinct core of these organizations engaged in the research space, dominated in number by academic institutions largely based in Australia, the USA, and New Zealand, but knit together through the interactions of the regional government agencies of the Pacific Islands. Over time, the network of research collaboration on climate change and food systems in the region has grown and diversified. While regional Pacific institutions have remained central actors throughout, national and subnational actors are still in the minority, raising questions about efforts to decolonize research in the region. Furthermore, greater interaction between peripheral actors and the core (especially Pacific actors) could help integrate new research into Pacific knowledge bases and decision-making. Ultimately, when facing the novel conditions that climate change brings, combining the infusion of new knowledge and innovation with local expertise and ownership is critical.

Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries - J. Robert Britton; Adrian C. Pinder; Josep Alós; Robert Arlinghaus; Andy J. Danylchuk; Wendy Edwards; Kátia M. F. Freire; Casper Gundelund; Kieran Hyder; Ivan Jarić; Robert Lennox; Wolf-Christian Lewin; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2023)
The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (up to and including 2019); ‘acute pandemic’ (2020) and ‘COVID-acclimated’ (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress.

Coformer-Dependent Physical Stability in a Series of Naringenin-Based Coamorphous Materials with Caffeine, Theophylline, and Theobromine - Sanika Jadhav; Dherya Bahl; Lewis L. Stevens (Pharmaceutical Research, 2023)

The role of abrasion and resident fines in dust production from aeolian sands as measured by the Portable in situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) - Mark R. Sweeney; Tad Lacey; Steven L. Forman (Aeolian Research, 2023)

Turbulent diapycnal fluxes as a pilot Essential Ocean Variable - Arnaud Le Boyer; Nicole Couto; Matthew H. Alford; Henri F. Drake; Cynthia E. Bluteau; Kenneth G. Hughes; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato; Aurélie J. Moulin; Thomas Peacock; Elizabeth C. Fine; Ali Mashayek; Laura Cimoli; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
We contend that ocean turbulent fluxes should be included in the list of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) created by the Global Ocean Observing System. This list aims to identify variables that are essential to observe to inform policy and maintain a healthy and resilient ocean. Diapycnal turbulent fluxes quantify the rates of exchange of tracers (such as temperature, salinity, density or nutrients, all of which are already EOVs) across a density layer. Measuring them is necessary to close the tracer concentration budgets of these quantities. Measuring turbulent fluxes of buoyancy ( J b ), heat ( J q ), salinity ( J S ) or any other tracer requires either synchronous microscale (a few centimeters) measurements of both the vector velocity and the scalar (e.g., temperature) to produce time series of the highly correlated perturbations of the two variables, or microscale measurements of turbulent dissipation rates of kinetic energy ( ϵ ) and of thermal/salinity/tracer variance ( χ ), from which fluxes can be derived. Unlike isopycnal turbulent fluxes, which are dominated by the mesoscale (tens of kilometers), microscale diapycnal fluxes cannot be derived as the product of existing EOVs, but rather require observations at the appropriate scales. The instrumentation, standardization of measurement practices, and data coordination of turbulence observations have advanced greatly in the past decade and are becoming increasingly robust. With more routine measurements, we can begin to unravel the relationships between physical mixing processes and ecosystem health. In addition to laying out the scientific relevance of the turbulent diapycnal fluxes, this review also compiles the current developments steering the community toward such routine measurements, strengthening the case for registering the turbulent diapycnal fluxes as an pilot Essential Ocean Variable.

Lower muscle mitochondrial energetics is associated with greater phenotypic frailty in older women and men: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging - Theresa Mau; Haley N. Barnes; Terri L. Blackwell; Philip A. Kramer; Scott R. Bauer; David J. Marcinek; Sofhia V. Ramos; Daniel E. Forman; Frederico G. S. Toledo; Russell T. Hepple; Stephen B. Kritchevsky; Steven R. Cummings; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Fish avoidance of ships during acoustic surveys tested with quiet uncrewed surface vessels - Thomas M. Evans; Lars G. Rudstam; Suresh A. Sethi; David M. Warner; S. Dale Hanson; Benjamin Turschak; Steven A. Farha; Andrew R. Barnard; Daniel L. Yule; Mark R. DuFour; Timothy P. O’Brien; Kevin N. McDonnell; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of African-Malagasy bent-winged bats (Miniopterus) - Terrence C. Demos; Paul W. Webala; Steven M. Goodman; Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans; Holly L. Lutz; Bernard R. Agwanda; Natalia Cortés-Delgado; Stefania Briones; Richard H. Ree; Bruce D. Patterson (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Microcystin aids in cold temperature acclimation: Differences between a toxic Microcystis wildtype and non-toxic mutant - Gwendolyn F. Stark; Robbie M. Martin; Laura E. Smith; Bofan Wei; Ferdi L. Hellweger; George S. Bullerjahn; R.Michael L. McKay; Gregory L. Boyer; Steven W. Wilhelm (Harmful Algae, 2023)

Fine particulate matter composition in American Indian vs. Non-American Indian communities - Maggie Li; Vivian Do; Jada L. Brooks; Markus Hilpert; Jeff Goldsmith; Steven N. Chillrud; Tauqeer Ali; Lyle G. Best; Joseph Yracheta; Jason G. Umans; Aaron van Donkelaar; Randall V. Martin; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Advancing co-production for transformative change by synthesizing guidance from case studies on the sustainable management and governance of natural resources - Fernanda A. van Maurik Matuk; Bas Verschuuren; Piero Morseletto; Torsten Krause; David Ludwig; Steven J. Cooke; Moacir Haverroth; Marieke Meesters; Thomas J.M. Mattijssen; Sabine Keßler; Tomaz R. Lanza; Esther Milberg; et al. (Environmental Science & Policy, 2023)

Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains - Tamara Shulgina; Alexander Gershunov; Benjamin J. Hatchett; Kristen Guirguis; Aneesh C. Subramanian; Steven A. Margulis; Yiwen Fang; Daniel R. Cayan; David W. Pierce; Michael Dettinger; Michael L. Anderson; F. Martin Ralph (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
The Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascades—California’s snowy mountains—are primary freshwater sources and natural reservoirs for the states of California and Nevada. These mountains receive precipitation overwhelmingly from wintertime storms including atmospheric rivers (ARs), much of it falling as snow at the higher elevations. Using a seven-decade record of daily observed temperature and precipitation as well as a snow reanalysis and downscaled climate projections, we documented historical and future changes in snow accumulation and snowlines. In four key subregions of California’s snowy mountains, we quantified the progressing contribution of ARs and non-AR storms to the evolving and projected snow accumulation and snowlines (elevation of the snow-to-rain transition), exploring their climatology, variability and trends. Historically, snow makes up roughly a third of the precipitation affecting California’s mountains. While ARs make up only a quarter of all precipitating days and, due to their relative warmth, produce snowlines higher than do other storms, they contribute over 40% of the total seasonal snow. Under projected unabated warming, snow accumulation would decline to less than half of historical by the late twenty-first century, with the greatest snow loss at mid elevations (from 1500 to 3300 m by the mountain sub-regions) during fall and spring. Central and Southern Sierra Nevada peaks above 3400 m might see occasionally extreme snow accumulations in January–February resulting entirely from wetter ARs. AR-related snowlines are projected to increase by more than 700 m, compared to about 500 m for other storms. We discuss likely impacts of the changing climate for water resources as well as for winter recreation.

Soil carbon sequestration in global working lands as a gateway for negative emission technologies - Maya Almaraz; Maegen Simmonds; F. Garrett Boudinot; Alan V. Di Vittorio; Nina Bingham; Sat Darshan S. Khalsa; Steven Ostoja; Kate Scow; Andrew Jones; Iris Holzer; Erin Manaigo; Emily Geoghegan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
The ongoing climate crisis merits an urgent need to devise management approaches and new technologies to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG) in the near term. However, each year that GHG concentrations continue to rise, pressure mounts to develop and deploy atmospheric CO 2 removal pathways as a complement to, and not replacement for, emissions reductions. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices in working lands provide a low‐tech and cost‐effective means for removing CO 2 from the atmosphere while also delivering co‐benefits to people and ecosystems. Our model estimates suggest that, assuming additive effects, the technical potential of combined SCS practices can provide 30%–70% of the carbon removal required by the Paris Climate Agreement if applied to 25%–50% of the available global land area, respectively. Atmospheric CO 2 drawdown via SCS has the potential to last decades to centuries, although more research is needed to determine the long‐term viability at scale and the durability of the carbon stored. Regardless of these research needs, we argue that SCS can at least serve as a bridging technology, reducing atmospheric CO 2 in the short term while energy and transportation systems adapt to a low‐C economy. Soil C sequestration in working lands holds promise as a climate change mitigation tool, but the current rate of implementation remains too slow to make significant progress toward global emissions goals by 2050. Outreach and education, methodology development for C offset registries, improved access to materials and supplies, and improved research networks are needed to accelerate the rate of SCS practice implementation. Herein, we present an argument for the immediate adoption of SCS practices in working lands and recommendations for improved implementation.

Divergence in aerobic capacity and energy expenditure influence metabolic tissue mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in aged rats - Edziu Franczak; Adrianna Maurer; Vivien Csikos Drummond; Benjamin A. Kugler; Emily Wells; Madi Wenger; Frederick F. Peelor; Abby Crosswhite; Colin S. McCoin; Lauren G. Koch; Steven L. Britton; Benjamin F. Miller; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

A measurement-to-modelling approach to understand catchment-to-reef processes: sediment transport in a highly turbid estuary - Ziyu Xiao; Geoffrey Carlin; Andrew D. L. Steven; Daniel N. Livsey; Dehai Song; Joseph R. Crosswell (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
As sediments carried by rivers enter coastal waters, fine particles can reduce the amount of light that reaches the reef through light attenuation. The Fitzroy Estuary - Keppel Bay (FE-KB), being the second-largest source of sediments to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) poses a significant threat to the GBR ecosystem such as coral reefs and seagrass meadows, and biogeochemical cycles that influence water clarity. While monitoring and modelling capabilities for catchment and marine settings are now well-developed and operational, a remaining key gap is to better understand and model the transport, dynamics and fate of catchment derived material through tidally influenced sections of rivers that discharge into the GBR. This study aims to reveal sediment transport in the FE-KB estuary by continuously monitoring the seasonal variability over a year-long period and build a high-resolution model to predict sediment budgets under different scenarios of physical forcing and river conditions. Multiple data sources, including field surveys, historical data, and numerical modelling were used to obtain a detailed understanding of the sediment transport processes during wet (high river flow) and dry (low-to-no river flow) seasons. The use of high-resolution bathymetry and survey data for sediment model parameterization allowed for accurate mapping of the morphological changes, while numerical modeling provided insights into the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes in the estuary. Observation and model data confirm the existence of a Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ) in the FE-KB (approximately 35 – 40 km from estuary head), where the topography plays a critical role in trapping sediments. By utilizing the model, a closed sediment budget was calculated under varying flow conditions and the results were used to determine the estuarine trapping coefficient that ranges from 28% (during extreme wet condition) to 100% (during dry condition) of the total catchment loads. Morphodynamic modelling demonstrated a persistent erosion pattern in the upper reach of the FE. The lower FE and southern tidal creeks serve as a large sediment storage basin during both wet and dry seasons, and sediment is exported and deposited offshore during high river flow conditions.

Connecting memory and functional brain networks in older adults: a resting-state fMRI study - Jori L. Waner; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Cheshire Hardcastle; Nicole D. Evangelista; Andrew O’Shea; Alejandro Albizu; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Improving the rigor and utility of botanical toxicity studies: Recommended resources - Deval Patel; Barbara C. Sorkin; Constance A. Mitchell; Michelle R. Embry; Sharline Rina-Kong; Rebecca E. Adams; Emily R. DeTemple; Aalekhya Reddam; Stefan Gafner; Olaf Kelber; Cynthia V. Rider; Hellen Oketch-Rabah; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Last interglacial global mean sea level from high-precision U-series ages of Bahamian fossil coral reefs - Oana A. Dumitru; Blake Dyer; Jacqueline Austermann; Michael R. Sandstrom; Steven L. Goldstein; William J. D'Andrea; Miranda Cashman; Roger Creel; Louise Bolge; Maureen E. Raymo (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Microstructures, geochemistry, and geochronology of mica fish: Review and advances - Bruno V. Ribeiro; Christopher L. Kirkland; Melanie A. Finch; Frederico M. Faleiros; Steven M. Reddy; William D.A. Rickard; Michael I.H. Hartnady (Journal of Structural Geology, 2023)

Size, age, and insights into establishment, dynamics and persistence of fairy rings in the Laramie Basin, Wyoming - Steven L. Miller; Abbie Gongloff (Fungal Ecology, 2023)

Density-dependent dynamics help explain the simultaneous expansion and decline of woodlands in the western US - Emily L. Schultz; Steven K. Filippelli; Jody C. Vogeler; Robert K. Shriver (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Contributions of non-tailpipe emissions to near-road PM2.5 and PM10: A chemical mass balance study - L.-W. Antony Chen; Xiaoliang Wang; Brenda Lopez; Guoyuan Wu; Steven Sai Hang Ho; Judith C. Chow; John G. Watson; Qi Yao; Seungju Yoon; Heejung Jung (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Small-scale topographic fronts along an exposed coast structure plankton communities - Helen Killeen; Marian Parker; Steven G. Morgan; John L. Largier; Michael G. Susner; Connor Dibble; David Dann (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2023)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual Report - Alexandra M. Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; Rachel E. Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffrey Brent; Kim Aldy; Jennifer Acciani; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Behaviors and Advocacy Related to COVID-19 among Cancer Patients: The Health Belief Model and Opportunities for Messaging and Education - Savanna G. Ledford; Jennifer L. Moss; Steven Alles; Ming Wang; Fritz C. Kessler; Benjamin Marks; Amr S. Soliman; Monika D. Joshi; Eugene J. Lengerich (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

A combination of host ecology and habitat but not evolutionary history explains differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers - Ester M. Eckert; Tommaso Cancellario; Paul L. E. Bodelier; Steven A. J. Declerck; Liang Diwen; Sainur Samad; Monika Winder; Libin Zhou; Diego Fontaneto (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
The holobiont concept places emphasis on the strict relationship between a host and its associated microbiome, with several studies supporting a strong effect of the quality of the microbiome on the host fitness. The generalities of the holobiont have been questioned for several invertebrates, including zooplankton. Here we assess the role of host ecology, habitat, and evolutionary history to explain the differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers, across a broad taxonomic spectrum and from different habitats. The analyses of 93 rotifer-associated microbiomes from 23 rotifer host species revealed that a combination of effects from the host ecology and its habitat seem to be stronger than host phylogenetic distances in explaining differences in microbial composition of the microbiomes. This pattern is in line with the idea of habitat filtering being a stronger explanation than co-evolution in shaping the relationship between a microbiome and its rotifer host.

Long-term home ranging in the large sea cucumber, Holothuria fuscopunctata - Steven W. Purcell; Sophie L. Rallings; Alison R. Hammond (Coral Reefs, 2023)
Long-term movements of adult marine animals predicate spatial management measures. Sea cucumbers are intensely exploited worldwide, yet few studies have assessed their long-term movement potential. Elephant trunkfish, Holothuria ( Microthele ) fuscopunctata, is a large coral reef holothuroid. At four sites at Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, we photographically marked and georeferenced 36 H. fuscopunctata , ranging 1.4–5.1 kg in weight. In broader searches one year later, we recaptured 92% of the animals. Their displacements were comparable among sites and averaged 8.7 m yr −1 . None of the movements could be characterised as nomadic; the maximum displacement was 21 m. Contrary to expectations, smaller animals tended to roam further than larger animals ( p = 0.025). Our study shows that certain large-bodied sea cucumbers might not displace far over annual timescales. This empirical evidence of home ranging reshapes our understanding of echinoderm mobility and reveals a behaviour that would exacerbate Allee effects at low population densities.

Electrospun Ce–Mn oxide as an efficient catalyst for soot combustion: Ce–Mn synergy, soot-catalyst contact, and catalytic oxidation mechanism - Yuxi Liao; Peng Liu; Jun Zhang; Can Wang; Longwen Chen; Dengfeng Yan; Quanming Ren; Xiaoliang Liang; Mingli Fu; Suib Steven L.; Daiqi Ye (Chemosphere, 2023)

Evaluation of microplastic pollution in a lotic ecosystem and its ecological risk - Shaymaa Arif Shukur; Fikrat M. Hassan; Saad Sabah Fakhry; Fuad Ameen; Steven L. Stephenson (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

S24-02: Gene network approaches predictive of adverse outcomes - G. Callegaro; J.P. Schimming; S.J. Kunnen; L. Wijaya; J. Sutherland; J. Stevens; B. van de Water (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Multifunctional fully biobased aerogels for water remediation: Applications for dye and heavy metal adsorption and oil/water separation - Amir Varamesh; Brett David Abraham; Hui Wang; Paula Berton; Heng Zhao; Keith Gourlay; Gurminder Minhas; Qingye Lu; Steven L. Bryant; Jinguang Hu (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Midstory removal of encroaching species has minimal impacts on fuels and fire behavior regardless of burn season in a degraded pine-oak mixture - Steven Cabrera; Heather D. Alexander; John L. Willis; Christopher J. Anderson (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

GWAS using low-pass whole genome sequence reveals a novel locus in canine congenital idiopathic megaesophagus - Sarah M. Bell; Jacquelyn M. Evans; Elizabeth A. Greif; Kate L. Tsai; Steven G. Friedenberg; Leigh Anne Clark (Mammalian Genome, 2023)

Soil-Litter Mixing Mediates Drivers of Dryland Decomposition along a Continuum of Biotic and Abiotic Factors - Steven G. McBride; Eva M. Levi; Jim A. Nelson; Steven R. Archer; Paul W. Barnes; Heather L. Throop; Katie Predick; Rebecca L. McCulley (Ecosystems, 2023)

Whole‐genome sequencing reveals fine‐scale environment‐associated divergence near the range limits of a temperate reef fish - Cameron M. Nugent; Tony Kess; Matthew K. Brachmann; Barbara L. Langille; Steven J. Duffy; Sarah J. Lehnert; Brendan F. Wringe; Paul Bentzen; Ian R. Bradbury (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Environmental variation is increasingly recognized as an important driver of diversity in marine species despite the lack of physical barriers to dispersal and the presence of pelagic stages in many taxa. A robust understanding of the genomic and ecological processes involved in structuring populations is lacking for most marine species, often hindering management and conservation action. Cunner ( Tautogolabrus adspersus ) is a temperate reef fish with both pelagic early life‐history stages and strong site‐associated homing as adults; the species is also of interest for use as a cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture in Atlantic Canada. We aimed to characterize genomic and geographic differentiation of cunner in the Northwest Atlantic. To achieve this, a chromosome‐level genome assembly for cunner was produced and used to characterize spatial population structure throughout Atlantic Canada using whole‐genome sequencing. The genome assembly spanned 0.72 Gbp and 24 chromosomes; whole‐genome sequencing of 803 individuals from 20 locations from Newfoundland to New Jersey identified approximately 11 million genetic variants. Principal component analysis revealed four regional Atlantic Canadian groups. Pairwise F ST and selection scans revealed signals of differentiation and selection at discrete genomic regions, including adjacent peaks on chromosome 10 across multiple pairwise comparisons (i.e. F ST 0.5–0.75). Redundancy analysis suggested association of environmental variables related to benthic temperature and oxygen range with genomic structure. Results suggest regional scale diversity in this temperate reef fish and can directly inform the collection and translocation of cunner for aquaculture applications and the conservation of wild populations throughout the Northwest Atlantic.

Permafrost thaw induces short‐term increase in vegetation productivity in northwestern Canada - Emily L. Ogden; Steven G. Cumming; Sharon L. Smith; Merritt R. Turetsky; Jennifer L. Baltzer (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Over the past several decades, various trends in vegetation productivity, from increases to decreases, have been observed throughout Arctic–Boreal ecosystems. While some of this variation can be explained by recent climate warming and increased disturbance, very little is known about the impacts of permafrost thaw on productivity across diverse vegetation communities. Active layer thickness data from 135 permafrost monitoring sites along a 10° latitudinal transect of the Northwest Territories, Canada, paired with a Landsat time series of normalized difference vegetation index from 1984 to 2019, were used to quantify the impacts of changing permafrost conditions on vegetation productivity. We found that active layer thickness contributed to the observed variation in vegetation productivity in recent decades in the northwestern Arctic–Boreal, with the highest rates of greening occurring at sites where the near‐surface permafrost recently had thawed. However, the greening associated with permafrost thaw was not sustained after prolonged periods of thaw and appeared to diminish after the thaw front extended outside the plants' rooting zone. Highest rates of greening were found at the mid‐transect sites, between 62.4° N and 65.2° N, suggesting that more southernly sites may have already surpassed the period of beneficial permafrost thaw, while more northern sites may have yet to reach a level of thaw that supports enhanced vegetation productivity. These results indicate that the response of vegetation productivity to permafrost thaw is highly dependent on the extent of active layer thickening and that increases in productivity may not continue in the coming decades.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Evidence of population-level impacts and resiliency for Gulf of Mexico shelf taxa following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill - William F. Patterson; Kelly Lynn Robinson; Beverly K. Barnett; Matthew D. Campbell; David C. Chagaris; Jeffrey P. Chanton; Kendra L. Daly; David S. Hanisko; Frank J. Hernandez; Steven A. Murawski; Adam G. Pollack; David S. Portnoy; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The goal of this paper was to review the evidence of population-level impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) on Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf taxa, as well as evidence of resiliency following the DWH. There is considerable environmental and biological evidence that GOM shelf taxa were exposed to and suffered direct and indirect impacts of the DWH. Numerous assessments, from mesocosm studies to analysis of biopsied tissue or tissue samples from necropsied animals, revealed a constellation of physiological effects related to DWH impacts on GOM biota, some of which clearly or likely resulted in mortality. While the estimated concentrations of hydrocarbons in shelf waters and sediments were orders of magnitude lower than measured in inshore or deep GOM environments, the level of mortality observed or predicted was substantial for many shelf taxa. In some cases, such as for zooplankton, community shifts following the spill were ephemeral, likely reflecting high rates of population turnover and productivity. In other taxa, such as GOM reef fishes, impacts of the spill are confounded with other stressors, such as fishing mortality or the appearance and rapid population growth of invasive lionfish ( Pterois spp.). In yet others, such as cetaceans, modeling efforts to predict population-level effects of the DWH made conservative assumptions given the species’ protected status, which post-DWH population assessments either failed to detect or population increases were estimated. A persistent theme that emerged was the lack of precise population-level data or assessments prior to the DWH for many taxa, but even when data or assessments did exist, examining evidence of population resiliency was confounded by other stressors impacting GOM biota. Unless efforts are made to increase the resolution of the data or precision of population assessments, difficulties will likely remain in estimating the scale of population-level effects or resiliency in the case of future large-scale environmental catastrophes.

Geochemical and physical variability of Icelandic tephra fields and glaciovolcanic sandur to inform spatial sampling in Mars biosignature searches - Morgan L. Cable; Alexander M. Sessa; Erika Rader; Anna C. Simpson; Ashley M. Hanna; Diana M. Gentry; Scot M. Sutton; Elena S. Amador; Carlie Novak; Chloe LeCates; Mark Helmlinger; Amanda M. Stockton; et al. (Planetary and Space Science, 2023)

Evaluating the sustainability of the 2017 US biofuel industry with an integrated techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment - Jack P. Smith; Braden J. Limb; Colin M. Beal; Kelly R. Banta; John L. Field; Steven J. Simske; Jason C. Quinn (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Knowledge of Spawning Phenology may Enhance Selective Barrier Passage for Wetland Fishes - Morgan L. Piczak; Tys Theÿsmeÿer; Susan E. Doka; Jonathan D. Midwood; Steven J. Cooke (Wetlands, 2023)

Biodiversity and environmental stressors along urban walking routes - Briony A. Norton; Meghann Mears; Philip H. Warren; Gavin M. Siriwardena; Kate E. Plummer; Tim Turner; Steven Hancock; Darren R. Grafius; Karl L. Evans (Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2023)

Linkage drag analysis in three Aegilops speltoides introgressions carrying Sr47 in modern durum and hard red spring wheat germplasm - Daryl L. Klindworth; Evan Salsman; Jesse Underdahl; Elias M. Elias; Andrew J. Green; Linda Dykes; Justin D. Faris; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023)

Reduction in productivity of soybean plants infested with Neohyadatothrips variabilis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with and without soybean vein necrosis virus - Doris M. Lagos-Kutz; Michelle L. Pawlowski; Jaeyeong Han; Steven J. Clough; Glen L. Hartman (Phytoparasitica, 2023)
Soybean thrips, Neohyadatothrips variabilis (Beach), a vector of Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus (SVNV), has been recognized as a widespread pest of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in USA and Canada. Several experiments investigated the effect on soybean when infested with soybean thrips with and without SVNV. Experiment 1 compared soybean infested at V1 and V5 growth stages (GS) with soybean thrips without SVNV and noninfested plants. For plants infested at GS V1, plant height, number of seeds, and seed weights were reduced by 50, 80, and 75%, respectively. When plants were infested at GSs V1 and V5, the counts of soybean thrips peaked at 1,803 and 4,214 per plant 4 weeks after infestation (WAI), respectively. Experiment 2 used SVNV-infected soybean thrips and compared soybean infested versus control at GS V1 and V5. For plants infested at GS V1, plant height was reduced 77.8%, and plants died before setting pods. For plants infested at GS V5, height, number of seeds, and seed weights were reduced 56, 78, and 92%, respectively. When plants were infested at GSs V1 and V5, the counts of soybean thrips peaked at 282 and 883 per plant 2 WAI, respectively. Experiment 3, five soybean genotypes were infested with SVNV-infected thrips at GS V1. Number and weight of seeds per plant were higher and with lower visual disease ratings (progressive chlorosis, necrosis and rugosity) for the more resistant genotypes Merschman Kennedy and plant introduction (PI) 171451 than for the more susceptible genotypes: soybean breeding line LD12-12734a ( Rag1/2 ), cv Williamsfield Illini 3509N, and PI 417136.

Rapidly Changing Range Limits in a Warming World: Critical Data Limitations and Knowledge Gaps for Advancing Understanding of Mangrove Range Dynamics in the Southeastern USA - Rémi Bardou; Michael J. Osland; Steven Scyphers; Christine Shepard; Karen E. Aerni; Jahson B. Alemu I; Robert Crimian; Richard H. Day; Nicholas M. Enwright; Laura C. Feher; Sarah L. Gibbs; Kiera O’Donnell; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and societal ramifications. Here, we synthesized existing data and expert knowledge to assess the distribution of mangroves near rapidly changing range limits in the southeastern USA. We used expert elicitation to identify data limitations and highlight knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of past, current, and future range dynamics. Mangroves near poleward range limits are often shorter, wider, and more shrublike compared to their tropical counterparts that grow as tall forests in freeze-free, resource-rich environments. The northern range limits of mangroves in the southeastern USA are particularly dynamic and climate sensitive due to abundance of suitable coastal wetland habitat and the exposure of mangroves to winter temperature extremes that are much colder than comparable range limits on other continents. Thus, there is need for methodological refinements and improved spatiotemporal data regarding changes in mangrove structure and abundance near northern range limits in the southeastern USA. Advancing understanding of rapidly changing range limits is critical for foundation plant species such as mangroves, as it provides a basis for anticipating and preparing for the cascading effects of climate-induced species redistribution on ecosystems and the human communities that depend on their ecosystem services.