Ranking welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits - Steven L. Quane; James K. Russell (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2005)

Diverse dextranase genes from Paenibacillus species - Patrick M. Finnegan; Stevens M. Brumbley; Michael G. O’Shea; Helena Nevalainen; Peter L. Bergquist (Archives of Microbiology, 2005)

PROPERTIES OF A UNIQUE MUTANT OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA SINGLE-NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS THAT EXHIBITS A PARTIAL MANY POLYHEDRA AND FEW POLYHEDRA PHENOTYPE ON EXTENDED SERIAL PASSAGING IN SUSPENSION CELL CULTURES - MÁRCIA R. S. PEDRINI; LARS K. NIELSEN; STEVEN REID; LESLIE C. L. CHAN (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

Assessing Private Forest Owner Attitudes Toward Ecosystem-Based Management - Daniel L. Belin; David B. Kittredge; Thomas H. Stevens; Donald C. Dennis; Charles M. Schweik; Bernard J. Morzuch (Journal of Forestry, 2005)
Nonindustrial private forest owners in Vermont, New Hampshire, and western Massachusetts were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward an ecosystem-based approach to management. In all cases, respondents showed favorable attitudes toward: unique, small-scale ecological features like rare species and wetlands; management at spatial scales larger than the individual parcel; and ownership beyond a single generation. Even nonrespondents, when interviewed on the telephone, indicated attitudes sensitive to these issues. We believe future conservation of nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) lands will be successful if professionals design management alternatives sensitive to these attitudes and policy makers craft appealing and effective programs that are perceived as relevant.

Nestedness of Southern Ocean island biotas: ecological perspectives on a biogeographical conundrum - Michelle Greve; Niek J. M. Gremmen; Kevin J. Gaston; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Biogeography, 2005)
Aim To use patterns of nestedness in the indigenous and non‐indigenous biotas of the Southern Ocean islands to determine the influence of dispersal ability on biogeographical patterns, and the importance of accounting for variation in dispersal ability in their subsequent interpretation, especially in the context of the Insulantarctic and multi‐regional hypotheses proposed to explain the biogeography of these islands. Location Southern Ocean islands. Methods Nestedness was determined using a new metric, d1 (a modification of discrepancy), for the indigenous and introduced seabirds, land birds, insects and vascular plants of 26 Southern Ocean islands. To assess the possible confounding effects of spatial autocorrelation on the results, islands were assigned to 11 major island groups and each group was treated as a single island in a following analysis. In addition, nestedness of the six Southern Ocean islands comprising the South Pacific Province (New Zealand islands) was analysed. All analyses were conducted for species and genera, for each of the taxa on its own, and for the complete data sets. Results Statistically significant nestedness was found in all of the taxa examined, with nestedness declining in the order seabirds > land birds > vascular plants > insects for the indigenous species. Vagility had a marked influence on nestedness and the biogeographical patterns shown by the indigenous species. This influence was borne out by additional analyses of marine taxa and small‐sized terrestrial species, both of which were more nested than the most nested group examined here, the seabirds. Assemblages of non‐indigenous species also showed nestedness, and nestedness was generally more pronounced than in the indigenous species. Surprisingly, vagility had a significant effect on nestedness in these assemblages too. Main conclusions Nestedness analyses provide a quantitative means of comparing biogeographical patterns for groups differing in vagility. These comparisons revealed that vagility has a considerable influence on biogeographical patterns and should be taken into account in analyses. Here, investigations of more vagile taxa support hypotheses for a single origin of the Southern Ocean island biota (the Insulantarctica scenario), whilst those of less mobile taxa support the more commonly held, multi‐regional hypothesis. All biogeographical analyses across the Southern Ocean (and elsewhere) will be influenced by the effects of dispersal ability, with composite analyses dominated by sedentary groups likely to favour multi‐regional scenarios, and those dominated by mobile groups favouring single origins. Mechanisms underlying nestedness in the region range from nested physiological tolerances in more mobile groups to colonization ability and patterns of speciation in less vagile taxa. Considerable nestedness in the non‐indigenous assemblages is largely a consequence of the fact that many of these species are European weedy species.

A Mechanistic Investigation of An Amorphous Pharmaceutical and Its Solid Dispersions, Part II: Molecular Mobility and Activation Thermodynamic Parameters - Rama A. Shmeis; Zeren Wang; Steven L. Krill (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

A Mechanistic Investigation of an Amorphous Pharmaceutical and Its Solid Dispersions, Part I: A Comparative Analysis by Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current and Differential Scanning Calorimetry - Rama A. Shmeis; Zeren Wang; Steven L. Krill (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of calsequestrin on CK2-sensitive sites in heart - Michal L. Ram; Arash Kiarash; James D. Marsh; Steven E. Cala (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2004)

Isolation and Characterization of Genes Encoding Thermoactive and Thermostable Dextranases from Two Thermotolerant Soil Bacteria - Patrick M. Finnegan; Stevens M. Brumbley; Michael G. O’Shea; Helena Nevalainen; Peter L. Bergquist (Current Microbiology, 2004)

Cold tolerance of Littorinidae from southern Africa: intertidal snails are not constrained to freeze tolerance - Brent J. Sinclair; David J. Marshall; Sarika Singh; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2004)

Nutrient and growth dynamics of Halimeda tuna on Conch Reef, Florida Keys: Possible influence of internal tides on nutrient status and physiology - Jennifer E. Smith; Celia M. Smith; Peter S. Vroom; Kevin L. Beach; Steven Miller (Limnology and Oceanography, 2004)
We conducted a manipulative nutrient enrichment study to examine the physiological and growth dynamics of the common tropical reef alga Halimeda tun a from shallow and deep coral reef environments on Conch Reef, in the Florida Keys. Paradoxically, H. tuna exhibited higher growth rates at depth (low light and below saturating irradiances) than at shallow sites (high light and at or above saturating irradiances). We hypothesized that the differences in growth rates were caused by differing nutrient environments at the two sites potentially caused by the influence of internal tidal bores that elevate nutrient concentrations with depth on Conch Reef. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating nutrients in a 10‐d field experiment, after which we assessed growth, photosynthetic pigments, tissue nutrients, and other physiological parameters. H. tuna from the shallow back reef site exhibited nutrient limitation, as indicated by increases in growth rates, pigmentation, tissue nutrients, segment size, and photosynthetic rates, after enrichment. At the deep site, growth rates were not significantly different between controls and nutrient‐enriched algae. Shallow enriched samples achieved levels of growth that were not significantly different from deep control or enriched samples. Algae from the deep site responded positively to enrichment for some physiological parameters; this suggests an opportunistic strategy in an environment that is known to experience frequent and significant pulses of nutrients from internal tides. Our results document differential nutrient limitation for H. tuna from two sites on Conch Reef where, in general, algae from the shallow site were more nutrient limited than those from the deep site. Finally, this provides some evidence that tropical reef communities may be adapted to large‐scale physical processes such as internal tides.

A genetic linkage map of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) based on AFLP, RAPD, and SSR markers - P. J. Maughan; A. Bonifacio; E. N. Jellen; M. R. Stevens; C. E. Coleman; M. Ricks; S. L. Mason; D. E. Jarvis; B. W. Gardunia; D. J. Fairbanks (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004)

Enhancement of the Efficacy of An Antagonist of an Extracellular Receptor by Attachment to the Surface of a Biocompatible Carrier - Charles A. Wartchow; Susan E. Alters; Pamela D. Garzone; Lingyun Li; Steven Choi; Neal E. DeChene; Tina Doede; Linong Huang; John S. Pease; Zhimin Shen; Susan J. Knox; Jeffrey L. Cleland (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

An Approach for Estimating Soil Carbon Using the National Nutrient Loss Database - Steven R. Potter; Jay D. Atwood; Robert L. Kellogg; Jimmy R. Williams (Environmental Management, 2004)

Do floral syndromes predict specialization in plant pollination systems? An experimental test in an “ornithophilous” African Protea - Anna L. Hargreaves; Steven D. Johnson; Erica Nol (Oecologia, 2004)

Spatial distribution, biomass and population dynamics of Mysis relicta in Lake Michigan - Steven A. Pothoven; Gary L. Fahnenstiel; Henry A. Vanderploeg (Hydrobiologia, 2004)

Assessment of prey overlap between a native ( Polistes humilis ) and an introduced ( Vespula germanica ) social wasp using morphology and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA - Marta L. Kasper; Andrew F. Reeson; Steven J. B. Cooper; Kym D. Perry; Andrew D. Austin (Molecular Ecology, 2004)
In newly invaded communities, interspecific competition is thought to play an important role in determining the success of the invader and its impact on the native community. In southern Australia, the native Polistes humilis was the predominant social wasp prior to the arrival of the exotic Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) . Both species forage for similar resources (water, pulp, carbohydrate and protein prey), and concerns have arisen about potential competition between them. The aim of this study was to identify the protein foods that these wasps feed on. As many prey items are masticated by these wasps to the degree that they cannot be identified using conventional means, morphological identification was complemented by sequencing fragments of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. GenBank searches using blast and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify prey items to at least order level. The results were used to construct complete prey inventories for the two species. These indicate that while P. humilis is restricted to feeding on lepidopteran larvae, V. germanica collects a variety of prey of invertebrate and vertebrate origin. Calculated values of prey overlap between the two species are used to discuss the implications of V. germanica impacting on P. humilis. Results obtained are compared to those gained by solely ‘conventional’ methods, and the advantages of using DNA‐based taxonomy in ecological studies are emphasized.

GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL HUMPBACK WHALE BETWEEN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN AND THE NORWEGIAN SEA - Martine Bérubé; Mary Beth Rew; Tim Cole; Steven L. Swartz; Eric Zolman; Nils ØIen; Per J. Palsbøll (Marine Mammal Science, 2004)

Identification of a congenic mouse line with obesity and body length phenotypes - Craig H. Warden; Steven Stone; Sally Chiu; Adam L. Diament; Pablo Corva; Donna Shattuck; Robyn Riley; Steven C. Hunt; Juliet Easlick; Janis S. Fisler; Juan F. Medrano (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

Atmospheric Wet Deposition of Total Phosphorus in New Jersey - Yvonne Koelliker; Lisa A. Totten; Cari L. Gigliotti; John H. Offenberg; John R. Reinfelder; Yan Zhuang; Steven J. Eisenreich (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2004)

A field test for competitive effects of Aedes albopictus on A. aegypti in South Florida: differences between sites of coexistence and exclusion? - Steven A. Juliano; L. Philip Lounibos; George F. O’Meara (Oecologia, 2004)

A short chemical sensitivity scale for assessment of airway sensory hyperreactivity - Steven Nordin; Eva Millqvist; Olle Lwhagen; Mats Bende (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2004)

Spatial congruence of ecological transition at the regional scale in South Africa - Berndt J. Van Rensburg; Patricia Koleff; Kevin J. Gaston; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Biogeography, 2004)
Aim To determine whether patterns of avian species turnover reflect either biome or climate transitions at a regional scale, and whether anthropogenic landscape transformation affects those patterns. Location South Africa and Lesotho. Methods Biome and land transformation data were used to identify sets of transition areas, and avian species occurrence data were used to measure species turnover rates ( β ‐diversity). Spatial congruence between areas of biome transition, areas of high vegetation heterogeneity, high climatic heterogeneity, and high β ‐diversity was assessed using random draw techniques. Spatial overlap in anthropogenically transformed areas, areas of high climatic heterogeneity and high β ‐diversity areas was also assessed. Results Biome transition areas had greater vegetation heterogeneity, climatic heterogeneity, and β ‐diversity than expected by chance. For the land transformation transition areas, this was only true for land transformation heterogeneity values and for one of the β ‐diversity measures. Avian presence/absence data clearly separated the biome types but not the land transformation types. Main conclusions Biome edges have elevated climatic and vegetation heterogeneity. More importantly, elevated β ‐diversity in the avifauna is clearly reflected in the heterogeneous biome transition areas. Thus, there is spatial congruence in biome transition areas (identified on vegetation and climatic grounds) and avian turnover patterns. However, there is no congruence between avian turnover and land transformation transition areas. This suggests that biogeographical patterns can be recovered using modern data despite landscape transformation.

Radon fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems of Brazilian Amazonia: night‐time CO 2 net ecosystem exchange derived from radon and eddy covariance methods - Christopher S. Martens; Thomas J. Shay; Howard P. Mendlovitz; Daniel M. Matross; Scott R. Saleska; Steven C. Wofsy; W. Stephen Woodward; Mary C. Menton; José M. S. De Moura; Patrick M. Crill; Osvaldo L. L. De Moraes; Risonaldo L. Lima (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Radon‐222 (Rn‐222) is used as a transport tracer of forest canopy–atmosphere CO 2 exchange in an old‐growth, tropical rain forest site near km 67 of the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil. Initial results, from month‐long periods at the end of the wet season (June–July) and the end of the dry season (November–December) in 2001, demonstrate the potential of new Rn measurement instruments and methods to quantify mass transport processes between forest canopies and the atmosphere. Gas exchange rates yield mean canopy air residence times ranging from minutes during turbulent daytime hours to greater than 12 h during calm nights. Rn is an effective tracer for net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (CO 2 NEE) during calm, night‐time hours when eddy covariance‐based NEE measurements are less certain because of low atmospheric turbulence. Rn‐derived night‐time CO 2 NEE (9.00±0.99 μmol m −2 s −1 in the wet season, 6.39±0.59 in the dry season) was significantly higher than raw uncorrected, eddy covariance‐derived CO 2 NEE (5.96±0.51 wet season, 5.57±0.53 dry season), but agrees with corrected eddy covariance results (8.65±1.07 wet season, 6.56±0.73 dry season) derived by filtering out lower NEE values obtained during calm periods using independent meteorological criteria. The Rn CO 2 results suggest that uncorrected eddy covariance values underestimate night‐time CO 2 loss at this site. If generalizable to other sites, these observations indicate that previous reports of strong net CO 2 uptake in Amazonian terra firme forest may be overestimated.

An auxin-inducible gene from loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) is differentially expressed in mature and juvenile-phase shoots and encodes a putative transmembrane protein - Victor B. Busov; Eva Johannes; Ross W. Whetten; Ronald R. Sederoff; Steven L. Spiker; Carmen Lanz-Garcia; Barry Goldfarb (Planta, 2004)

Patterns of tree dieback in Queensland, Australia: the importance of drought stress and the role of resistance to cavitation - Kevin J. Rice; Steven L. Matzner; William Byer; Joel R. Brown (Oecologia, 2004)

Cell Penetrating Peptides in Drug Delivery - Eric L. Snyder; Steven F. Dowdy (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

The consequences of habitat fragmentation for plant–pollinator mutualisms - L. Fabienne Harris; Steven D. Johnson (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2004)

Anti-metastatic properties of RGD-peptidomimetic agents S137 and S247 - Kristen E. Shannon; Jeffery L. Keene; Steven L. Settle; Tiffany D. Duffin; Maureen A. Nickols; Marisa Westlin; Sally Schroeter; Peter G. Ruminski; David W. Griggs (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2004)

A small molecule antagonist of the α v β3 integrin suppresses MDA-MB-435 skeletal metastasis - John F. Harms; Danny R. Welch; Rajeev S. Samant; Lalita A. Shevde; Mary E. Miele; Geetha R. Babu; Steven F. Goldberg; Virginia R. Gilman; Donna M. Sosnowski; Dianalee A. Campo; Carol V. Gay; Lynn R. Budgeon; et al. (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2004)

An Evaluation of the Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic Properties of the Healing Medial Collateral Ligament in a Goat Model - Steven D. Abramowitch; Savio L-Y. Woo; Theodore D. Clineff; Richard E. Debski (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2004)

The History of Recent Limnological Changes and Human Impact on Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - J. Platt Bradbury; Steven M. Colman; Richard L. Reynolds (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2004)

Record of Late Pleistocene Glaciation and Deglaciation in the Southern Cascade Range. I. Petrological Evidence from Lacustrine Sediment in Upper Klamath Lake, Southern Oregon - Richard L. Reynolds; Joseph G. Rosenbaum; Josh Rapp; Michael W. Kerwin; J. Platt Bradbury; Steven Colman; David Adam (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2004)

Electrolytic lesions and pharmacological inhibition of the dorsal raphe nucleus prevent stressor potentiation of morphine conditioned place preference in rats - Matthew J. Will; Andre Der-Avakian; Sondra T. Bland; Ruth E. Grahn; Sayamwong E. Hammack; Peter D. Sparks; Julie L. Pepin; Linda R. Watkins; Steven F. Maier (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

DIFFERENTIATED CULTURES OF PRIMARY HAMSTER TRACHEALAIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS - REGINA K. ROWE; STEVEN L. BRODY; ANDREW PEKOSZ (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2004)

Phytoremediation: Transformation and control of contaminants - Steven C. McCutcheon; Jerald L. Schnoor (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2004)

Characterization and inheritance of seven microsatellite loci from Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, and cross-species amplification in Arctic char, S. alpinus - Penelope A. Crane; Cara J. Lewis; Eric J. Kretschmer; Steven J. Miller; William J. Spearman; Alfred L. DeCicco; Mark J. Lisac; John K. Wenburg (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

The latency-related gene encoded by bovine herpesvirus 1 can suppress caspase 3 and caspase 9 cleavage during productive infection - Gail Henderson; Guey-Chuen Perng; Anthony B Nesburn; Steven L Wechsler; Clinton Jones (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2004)

Using the bootstrap and fast Fourier transform to estimate confidence intervals of 2D kernel densities - John W. Kern; Trent L. McDonald; Steven. C. Amstrup; George M. Durner; Wallace P. Erickson (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2003)

Force enhancement by PEG during ramp stretches of skeletal muscle - Marc Chinn; Elise Burmeister Getz; Roger Cooke; Steven L. Lehman (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2003)

Estimation of single-trial multicomponent ERPs: Differentially variable component analysis (dVCA) - Wilson Truccolo; Kevin H. Knuth; Ankoor Shah; Steven L. Bressler; Charles E. Schroeder; Mingzhou Ding (Biological Cybernetics, 2003)

Probing the stability of the disulfide radical intermediate of thioredoxin using direct electrochemistry - Daniel L. Johnson; Steven W. Polyak; John C. Wallace; Lisandra L. Martin (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2003)

Soil moisture effects on uptake of metals by Thlaspi, Alyssum, and Berkheya - J. Scott Angle; Alan J. M. Baker; Steven N. Whiting; Rufus L. Chaney (Plant and Soil, 2003)

Physical-Biological Coupling in Southern Lake Michigan: Influence of Episodic Sediment Resuspension on Phytoplankton - David F. Millie; Gary L. Fahnenstiel; Steven E. Lohrenz; Hunter J. Carrick; Thomas H. Johengen; Oscar M.E. Schofield (Aquatic Ecology, 2003)

CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERNATIVE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE FORMULATIONS IN MODELS EXPLORING WHALE‐FISHERY INTERACTIONS - Steven Mackinson; Julia L. Blanchard; John K. Pinnegar; Robert Scott (Marine Mammal Science, 2003)
A bstract We evaluated the utility of Ecosim for exploring interactions between cetacean predators, their prey, and fisheries. We formulated six Ecosim parameterizations, representing alternative hypotheses of feeding interactions (functional response) between cetaceans and their main fish prey, and examined differences in the predicted responses to simulated harvesting regimes for minke whales and their prey. Regardless of the type of function response formulated, intense fishing on the main fish prey of minke whales had a longer‐lasting negative impact on minke whales than when minke whale biomass was removed directly by harvesting. Consumption rate, biomass, feeding time and mortality of minke whales were all sensitive to the type of functional response specified. Inclusion of “handling time” limited minke whales consumption at high prey densities and predicted higher consumption at low prey densities; features characteristic of a type II functional response. Predicted decline and recovery rates of minke whales were slower than when consumption rates were not limited. Addition of “foraging time” adjustments resulted in more conservative estimates of decline and recovery. However, when “other mortality” was linked to time spent foraging, exposure to higher mortality at low prey densities, and reduced mortality at high prey densities resulted in dramatic differences in predicted biomass trajectory. Sensitivity to the “other mortality” assumption is important for cetaceans whose predation mortality is only a small proportion of total mortality. Differences in the feeding and biomass dynamics were also observed when prey availability to predators was represented by changes in prey vulnerability, confirming earlier reports that Ecosim predictions are sensitive to this parameter.

Importance of Sediment?Water Interactions in Coeur d?Alene Lake, Idaho, USA: Management Implications - James L. Carter; Brent R. Topping; James S. Kuwabara; Laurie S. Balistrieri; Paul F. Woods; William M. Berelson; Steven V. Fend (Environmental Management, 2003)

Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia: implications for glacial history, ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration - Hanna Lokrantz; Ólafur Ingólfsson; Steven L. Forman (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2003)
The coastal cliffs of Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia, occupy a key position for recording overriding ice sheets during past glaciations in the Kara Sea area, either from the Kara Sea shelf or the uplands of Yugorski Peninsula/Polar Urals. This study on Late Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and glaciotectonic structures of the Cape Shpindler coastal cliffs records two glacier advances and two ice‐free periods older than the Holocene. During interglacial conditions, a sequence of marine to fluvial sediments was deposited. This was followed by a glacial event when ice moved southwards from an ice‐divide over Novaya Zemlya and overrode and disturbed the interglacial sediments. After a second period of fluvial deposition, under interstadial or interglacial conditions, the area was again subject to glacial overriding, with the ice moving northwards from an inland ice divide. The age‐control suggests that the older glacial event could possibly belong to marine oxygen isotope stage (MOIS) 8, Drenthe (300–250 ka), and that the underlying interglacial sediments might be Holsteinian (>300 ka). One implication of this is that relict glacier ice, buried in sediments and incorporated into the permafrost, may survive several interglacial and interstadial events. The younger glacial event recognised in the Cape Shpindler sequence is interpreted to be of Early‐to‐Middle Weichselian age. It is suggested to correlate to a regional glaciation around 90 or 60 ka. The Cape Shpindler record suggests more complex glacial dynamics during that glaciation than can be explained by a concentric ice sheet located in the Kara Sea, as suggested by recent geological and model studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Larval Fishes in Relation to Water Masses of the Central North Pacific Transitional Areas, Including the Shelf Break of West-Central Alaska - Brenda L. Norcross; Skip M. McKinnell; Michele Frandsen; David L. Musgrave; Steven R. Sweet (Journal of Oceanography, 2003)

Nutrient uptake by coral-reef microatolls - A. D. L. Steven; M. J. Atkinson (Coral Reefs, 2003)

Episodic nutrient transport to Florida coral reefs - James J. Leichter; Hannah L. Stewart; Steven L. Miller (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
This study documents the changes in nutrient fluxes associated with internal tidal bores arriving on Florida Keys coral reefs and points to biological use of subthermocline nitrate brought onshore by this mechanism. Internal bores on Conch Reef, Florida Keys, are associated with concentrations of 1.0–4.0 µmol L −1 nitrate (NO 3 − ) and 0.1–0.3 µmol L −1 soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) and onshore flow velocities of 0.1–0.3 m s −1 . The arrival of internal bores causes 10–40 fold increases in nutrient concentrations and 1–2 orders of magnitude increases in nutrient flux relative to ambient, nonbore conditions. The magnitude and duration of cool‐water nutrient transport events increases significantly with increasing depth on reef slopes. In June 2001, the gradient of increased exposure to subsurface water with depth corresponded to increased percentage of N and δ 15 N and decreased C:N ratio in a common benthic macroalga, Codium isthmocladum . Internal tidal bores are widespread throughout the Florida Keys reef tract, with cool‐water episodes influencing reefs up to 10%–25% of the time during summer months and with significant variability among years. Estimated inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus by internal tidal bores to Florida Keys reef slopes are as much as 40‐fold larger than published estimates of inputs to near‐shore waters from waste water and storm water runoff. Internal tidal upwelling represents an important, previously underestimated, episodic source of nutrients on the Florida Keys reef tract. In order to assess nutrient availability in this system accurately it is essential to understand natural sources of high‐frequency variability.

A reciprocal transplant experiment within a climatic gradient in a semiarid shrub‐steppe ecosystem: effects on bunchgrass growth and reproduction, soil carbon, and soil nitrogen - STEVEN O. LINK; JEFFREY L. SMITH; JONATHAN J. HALVORSON; HARVEY BOLTON (Global Change Biology, 2003)
We investigated the effect of climate change on Poa secunda Presl. and soils in a shrub‐steppe ecosystem in south‐eastern Washington. Intact soil cores containing P. secunda were reciprocally transplanted between two elevations. Plants and soils were examined, respectively, 4.5 and 5 years later. The lower elevation (310 m) site is warmer (28.5 °C air average monthly maximum) and drier (224 mm yr −1 ) than the upper elevation (844 m) site (23.5 °C air average monthly maximum, 272 mm yr −1 ). Observations were also made on undisturbed plants at both sites. There was no effect of climate change on plant density, shoot biomass, or carbon isotope discrimination in either transplanted plant population. The cooler, wetter environment significantly reduced percent cover and leaf length, while the warmer, drier environment had no effect. Warming and drying reduced percent shoot nitrogen, while the cooler, wetter environment had no effect. Culm density was zero for the lower elevation plants transplanted to the upper site and was 10.3 culms m −2 at the lower site. There was no effect of warming and drying on the culm density of the upper elevation plants. Culm density of in situ lower elevation plants was greater than that of the in situ upper elevation plants. Warming and drying reduced total soil carbon 32% and total soil nitrogen 40%. The cooler, wetter environment had no effect on total soil C or N. Of the C and N that was lost over time, 64% of both came from the particulate organic matter fraction (POM, > 53 µ m). There was no effect of warming and drying on the upper population of P. secunda while exposing the lower population to the cooler, wetter environment reduced reproductive effort and percent cover. With the warmer and drier conditions that may develop with climate change, total C and N of semiarid soils may decrease with the active fraction of soil C also rapidly decreasing, which may alter ecosystem diversity and function.

Integration of soil solarization with chemical, biological and cultural control for the management of soilborne diseases of vegetables - C. Stevens; V. A. Khan; R. Rodriguez-Kabana; L. D. Ploper; P. A. Backman; D. J. Collins; J. E. Brown; M. A. Wilson; E. C. K. Igwegbe (Plant and Soil, 2003)

Myxomycetes associated with decaying fronds of nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) in New Zealand - Steven L. Stephenson (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
The assemblage of myxomycetes associated with the special microhabitat represented by the basal sheath of decaying fronds of nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) in the forests of New Zealand was investigated. At least 37 species in 14 genera were represented among 280 field collections obtained from decaying fronds; the vast majority of species (89%) and of collections (>98%) consisted of members of the orders Physarales or Trichiales. Among the myxomycetes recorded from nikau palm were several species not previously known to occur in New Zealand or known from only one or two collections. Prominent examples include Badhamia gracilis, Craterium aureum, Diderma effusum, Physarum hongkongense, and P. pezizoideum.

Zoosporic fungi from subantarctic Campbell Island - Olga G. Golubeva; Steven L. Stephenson (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Eight species of zoosporic fungi (Catenophlyctis variabilis, Karlingia rosea, Cladochytrium tenue, Rhizophlyctis mastigotrichis, Chytriomyces hyalinus, Saprolegnia ferax, S. diclina, and Phythium monospermum) were isolated from soil and water samples collected on subantarctic Campbell Island. All are new records for the New Zealand subantarctic islands, and two (R. mastigotrichis and S. diclina) have not yet been recorded from mainland New Zealand.

Interactions of BA, GA3, NAA, and surfactant on interspecific hybridization of Lycopersicon esculentum × L. chilense - L. F. Gordillo; V. D. Jolley; R. D. Horrocks; M. R. Stevens (Euphytica, 2003)

Nitrite as an Energy-Conserving Electron Sink for the Acetogenic Bacterium Moorella thermoacetica - Corinna Seifritz; Harold L. Drake; Steven L. Daniel (Current Microbiology, 2003)

The age of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome duplication - Maria D. Ermolaeva; Martin Wu; Jonathan A. Eisen; Steven L. Salzberg (Plant Molecular Biology, 2003)

Coarse Filter Ecosystem Management in a Nonequilibrating Forest - Glen W. Armstrong; Wiktor L. Adamowicz; James A. Beck; Steven G. Cumming; Fiona K.A. Schmiegelow (Forest Science, 2003)
The natural disturbance model of forest management is the basis of many of the sustainable forest management systems being proposed for the boreal forest of Canada. Wildfire is the dominant natural agent of disturbance in the boreal mixed-wood forest. The natural disturbance model assumes that timber harvesting systems emulating the annual area burned by natural fire, its spatial distribution, and the amount of residual material can be developed. It is further assumed that natural processes can be emulated closely enough to maintain forest biota at natural or near-natural population levels. This is a coarse filter approach to ecosystem management. In order to emulate the natural rate of disturbance, one needs to quantify it. The annual area burned in the study area, under natural conditions, is characterized as a random draw from a lognormal distribution. A modeling system comprised of an aspatial Monte Carlo simulation model and a linear programming based forest activity scheduling model was developed. The simulation model is used to develop 200 yr forecasts of probability distributions for habitat area of five vertebrate species under a stochastic wildfire regime. These probability distributions are used to construct habitat area constraints for use in an optimization model to help quantify the trade-offs between timber values and maintenance of the range of natural variability in the forest. The model is used to identify the trade-offs between forest harvesting, wildlife habitat, and the degree of similarity between the managed forest structure and the distribution of structures that could be generated by natural disturbance. FOR. SCI. 49(2):209–223.

Modelling of diffusion boundary-layers in subtidal macroalgal canopies: The response to waves and currents - Craig L. Stevens; Catriona L. Hurd; På l E. Isachsen (Aquatic Sciences, 2003)

Above‐ and below‐ground responses of C 3 –C 4 species mixtures to elevated CO 2 and soil water availability - JUSTIN D. DERNER; HYRUM B. JOHNSON; BRUCE A. KIMBALL; PAUL J. PINTER; H. Wayne POLLEY; CHARLES R. TISCHLER; THOMAS W. BOUTTON; ROBERT L. LAMORTE; GERALD W. WALL; NEIL R. ADAM; STEVEN W. LEAVITT; MICHAEL J. OTTMAN; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2003)
We evaluated the influences of CO 2 [Control, ∼ 370 µ mol mol − 1 ; 200 µ mol mol − 1 above ambient applied by free‐air CO 2 enrichment (FACE)] and soil water (Wet, Dry) on above‐ and below‐ground responses of C 3 (cotton, G ossypium hirsutum ) and C 4 (sorghum, Sorghum bicolor ) plants in monocultures and two density mixtures. In monocultures, CO 2 enrichment increased height, leaf area, above‐ground biomass and reproductive output of cotton, but not sorghum, and was independent of soil water treatment. In mixtures, cotton, but not sorghum, above‐ground biomass and height were generally reduced compared to monocultures, across both CO 2 and soil water treatments. Density did not affect individual plant responses of either cotton or sorghum across the other treatments. Total (cotton + sorghum) leaf area and above‐ground biomass in low‐density mixtures were similar between CO 2 treatments, but increased by 17–21% with FACE in high‐density mixtures, due to a 121% enhancement of cotton leaf area and a 276% increase in biomass under the FACE treatment. Total root biomass in the upper 1.2 m of the soil was not influenced by CO 2 or by soil water in monoculture or mixtures; however, under dry conditions we observed significantly more roots at lower soil depths ( > 45 cm). Sorghum roots comprised 81–85% of the total roots in the low‐density mixture and 58–73% in the high‐density mixture. CO 2 ‐enrichment partly offset negative effects of interspecific competition on cotton in both low‐ and high‐density mixtures by increasing above‐ground biomass, with a greater relative increase in the high‐density mixture. As a consequence, CO 2 ‐enrichment increased total above‐ground yield of the mixture at high density. Individual plant responses to CO 2 enrichment in global change models that evaluate mixed plant communities should be adjusted to incorporate feedbacks for interspecific competition. Future field studies in natural ecosystems should address the role that a CO 2 ‐mediated increase in C 3 growth may have on subsequent vegetation change.

Anticipatory adjustments in the unloading task: Is an efference copy necessary for learning? - Jörn Diedrichsen; Timothy Verstynen; Andrew Hon; Steven L. Lehman; Richard B. Ivry (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Decreased Neurotropism of nef Long Terminal Repeat ( nef /LTR)-Deleted Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - Katherine A Thompson; Stephen J Kent; Michelle E Gahan; Damian FJ Purcell; Catriona A McLean; Scott Preiss; C Jane Dale; Steven L Wesselingh (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2003)

Phylogeography and conservation genetics of Eld's deer ( Cervus eldi ) - Christopher N. Balakrishnan; Steven L. Monfort; Ajay Gaur; Lalji Singh; Michael D. Sorenson (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
Eld's deer ( Cervus eldi ) is a highly endangered cervid, distributed historically throughout much of South Asia and Indochina. We analysed variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region for representatives of all three Eld's deer subspecies to gain a better understanding of the genetic population structure and evolutionary history of this species. A phylogeny of mtDNA haplotypes indicates that the critically endangered and ecologically divergent C. eldi eldi is related more closely to C. e. thamin than to C. e. siamensis , a result that is consistent with biogeographic considerations. The results also suggest a strong degree of phylogeographic structure both between subspecies and among populations within subspecies, suggesting that dispersal of individuals between populations has been very limited historically. Haplotype diversity was relatively high for two of the three subspecies ( thamin and siamensis ), indicating that recent population declines have not yet substantially eroded genetic diversity. In contrast, we found no haplotype variation within C. eldi eldi or the Hainan Island population of C. eldi siamensis , two populations which are known to have suffered severe population bottlenecks. We also compared levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity in an unmanaged captive population, a managed captive population and a relatively healthy wild population. Diversity indices were higher in the latter two, suggesting the efficacy of well‐designed breeding programmes for maintaining genetic diversity in captivity. Based on significant genetic differentiation among Eld's deer subspecies, we recommend the continued management of this species in three distinct evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). Where possible, it may be advisable to translocate individuals between isolated populations within a subspecies to maintain levels of genetic variation in remaining Eld's deer populations.

Haemolymph osmolality and thermal hysteresis activity in 17 species of arthropods from sub-Antarctic Marion Island - Brent J. Sinclair; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2002)

A Device for Imposing Cyclic Strain to Cells Growing on Implant Alloys - L. Chad Winter; Jerome A. Gilbert; Steven H. Elder; Joel D. Bumgardner (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Joining Forces to Improve Our World - William B. Karesh; Steven A. Osofsky; Tonie E. Rocke; Paul L. Barrows (Conservation Biology, 2002)

The acarine fauna of Heard Island - David J. Marshall; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2002)

Passive stiffness changes in soleus muscles from desmin knockout mice are not due to titin modifications - Anderson J.; Joumaa V.; Stevens L.; Neagoe C.; Li Z.; Mounier Y.; Linke W.; Goubel F. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2002)

Geographic variation of reproductive tactics in lubber grasshoppers - John D. Hatle; Michael C. Crowley; Amanda L. Andrews; Steven A. Juliano (Oecologia, 2002)

Leaf δ13C variability with elevation, slope aspect, and precipitation in the southwest United States - Peter K. Van de Water; Steven W. Leavitt; Julio L. Betancourt (Oecologia, 2002)

Patterns and impacts of inorganic tripton in Cayuga Lake - Steven W. Effler; David A. Matthews; MaryGail Perkins; David L. Johnson; Feng Peng; Michael R. Penn; Martin T. Auer (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Serum selenium and the risk of cervical cancer among women in the United States - Frances E. Thompson; Blossom H. Patterson; Stephanie J. Weinstein; Mary McAdams; Vickie L. Spate; Richard F. Hamman; Robert S. Levine; Katherine Mallin; Paul D. Stolley; Louise A. Brinton; J. Steven Morris; Regina G. Ziegler (Cancer Causes & Control, 2002)

c-fos induction in rat superficial dorsal horn following cutaneous application of noxious chemical or mechanical stimuli - Steven L. Jinks; Christopher T. Simons; Jean-Marc Dessirier; Mirela Iodi Carstens; Joseph F. Antognini; E. Carstens (Experimental Brain Research, 2002)

Elevation Dependence of Winter Wheat Production in Eastern Washington State with Climate Change: A Methodological Study - Allison M. Thomson; Robert A. Brown; Steven J. Ghan; R. Cesar Izaurralde; Norman J. Rosenberg; L. Ruby Leung (Climatic Change, 2002)

Control of melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland: the critical role of serotonin acetylation - Surajit Ganguly; Steven L. Coon; David C. Klein (Cell and Tissue Research, 2002)

Vulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change - Barend F. N. Erasmus; Albert S. Van Jaarsveld; Steven L. Chown; Mrigesh Kshatriya; Konrad J. Wessels (Global Change Biology, 2002)
The responsiveness of South African fauna to climate change events is poorly documented and not routinely incorporated into regional conservation planning. We model the likely range alterations of a representative suite of 179 animal species to climate change brought about by the doubling of CO 2 concentrations. This scenario is expected to cause a mean temperature increase of 2 °C. We applied a multivariate climate envelope approach and evaluated model performance using the most comprehensive bird data set. The results were encouraging, although model performance was inconsistent in the eastern coastal area of the country. The levels of climate change induced impacts on species ranges varied from little impact to local extinction. Some 17% of species expanded their ranges, 78% displayed range contraction (4–98%), 3% showed no response and 2% became locally extinct. The majority of range shifts (41%) were in an easterly direction, reflecting the east–west aridity gradient across the country. Species losses were highest in the west. Substantially smaller westward shifts were present in some eastern species. This may reflect a response to the strong altitudinal gradient in this region, or may be a model artifact. Species range change (composite measure reflecting range contraction and displacement) identified selected species that could act as climate change indicator taxa. Red‐data and vulnerable species showed similar responses but were more likely to display range change (58% vs. 43% for all species). Predictions suggest that the flagship, Kruger National Park conservation area may loose up to 66% of the species included in this analysis. This highlights the extent of the predicted range shifts, and indicates why conflicts between conservation and other land uses are likely to escalate under conditions of climate change.

Assessing salt marsh health: A test of the utility of five potential indicators - Steven C. Pennings; V. Dan Wall; Darrin J. Moore; Mala Pattanayek; Tracy L. Buck; James J. Alberts (Wetlands, 2002)

Expression and functional implications of troponin T isoforms in soleus muscle fibers of rat after unloading - B. Bastide; P. Kischel; J. Puterflam; L. Stevens; D. Pette; J. Jin; Y. Mounier (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2002)

Dictyostelid cellular slime moulds in the forests of New Zealand - James C. Cavender; Steven L. Stephenson; John C. Landolt; Eduardo M. Vadell (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
During the period of February to April of 1998, soil/litter samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime moulds were collected throughout New Zealand. Collecting sites included examples of main forest types found in the country and a range in latitude (35°S to 47°S) that encompassed most of New Zealand. Thirteen species of dictyostelids were recovered; all of these occurred at low frequencies and densities. This total included a number of species (e.g., Dictyostelium mucoroides and Polysphondylium violaceum) that are common and widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere as well as several other species that have a more restricted distribution. Among the latter are Dictyostelium fasciculatum, not previously known outside of Europe, and D. rosarium, previously reported from only a few scattered localities in the Northern Hemisphere. Five of the species recovered (D. antarcticum, D. australe, D. leptosomum, D. quercibrachium, and P. anisocaule) are described for the first time. New Zealand is the most isolated land mass of its size in the world, and the assemblage of dictyostelids present is quite distinctive and seems to reflect this isolation.

On the application of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as a trapping agent to study hydroxyl radical generation during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion - Miao Liu; Shimin Liu; Steven L. Peterson; Minoru Miyake; Ke Jian Liu (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2002)

Phytosiderophore release from nodal, primary, and complete root systems in maize - Mark L. Bernards; Von D. Jolley; W. Bart Stevens; Gary W. Hergert (Plant and Soil, 2002)

Evaluation of Metric Precision for a Riparian Forest Survey - Jerry R. Barker; Michael Bollman; Paul L. Ringold; Jennifer Sackinger; Steven P. Cline (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2002)

Constraints on Infrasound Scaling and Attenuation Relations from Soviet Explosion Data - J. L. Stevens; I. I. Divnov; D. A. Adams; J. R. Murphy; V. N. Bourchik (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2002)

Metabolic Control Analysis and Engineering of the Yeast Sterol Biosynthetic Pathway - Philip Groeneveld; Nicola Rolley; Douglas B. Kell; Steven L. Kelly; Diane E. Kelly (Molecular Biology Reports, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley, 1997 (Percidae) - Steven M. Norris; Wendell L. Minckley (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Etheostoma cinereum Storer, 1845 (Percidae) - Steven L. Powers; Richard L. Mayden (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Model Prediction of the Effects of Changing Phosphorus Loads on the Everglades Protection Area - Ronald K. Munson; Sujoy B. Roy; Steven A. Gherini; Andrew L. MacNeill; Robert J. M. Hudson; Veronica L. Blette (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2002)

Midgut tissue of male pine engraver, Ips pini, synthesizes monoterpenoid pheromone component ipsdienol de novo - Gregory M. Hall; Claus Tittiger; Gracie L. Andrews; Grant S. Mastick; Marilyn Kuenzli; Xin Luo; Steven J. Seybold; Gary J. Blomquist (The Science of Nature, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley, 1997 (Percidae) - Steven M. Norris; Wendell L. Minckley (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Influence of Arterial vs. Venous Sampling Site on Nicotine Tolerance Model Selection and Parameter Estimation - Franziska Schaedeli; Maria Pitsiu; Neal L. Benowitz; Steven G. Gourlay; Davide Verotta (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2002)

Emerging Issues in Population Viability Analysis - J. Michael Reed; L. Scott Mills; John B. Dunning; Eric S. Menges; Kevin S. McKelvey; Robert Frye; Steven R. Beissinger; Marie‐Charlotte Anstett; Philip Miller (Conservation Biology, 2002)
Population viability analysis ( PVA) has become a commonly used tool in endangered species management. There is no single process that constitutes PVA, but all approaches have in common an assessment of a population's risk of extinction (or quasi extinction) or its projected population growth either under current conditions or expected from proposed management. As model sophistication increases, and software programs that facilitate PVA without the need for modeling expertise become more available, there is greater potential for the misuse of models and increased confusion over interpreting their results. Consequently, we discuss the practical use and limitations of PVA in conservation planning, and we discuss some emerging issues of PVA. We review extant issues that have become prominent in PVA, including spatially explicit modeling, sensitivity analysis, incorporating genetics into PVA, PVA in plants, and PVA software packages, but our coverage of emerging issues is not comprehensive. We conclude that PVA is a powerful tool in conservation biology for comparing alternative research plans and relative extinction risks among species, but we suggest caution in its use: (1) because PVA is a model, its validity depends on the appropriateness of the model's structure and data quality; (2) results should be presented with appropriate assessment of confidence; (3) model construction and results should be subject to external review, and (4) model structure, input, and results should be treated as hypotheses to be tested. We also suggest (5) restricting the definition of PVA to development of a formal quantitative model, (6) focusing more research on determining how pervasive density‐dependence feedback is across species, and (7) not using PVA to determine minimum population size or (8) the specific probability of reaching extinction. The most appropriate use of PVA may be for comparing the relative effects of potential management actions on population growth or persistence.

Computational gene finding in plants - Mihaela Pertea; Steven L. Salzberg (Plant Molecular Biology, 2002)

Tripton, transparency and light penetration in seven New York reservoirs - Steven W. Effler; MaryGail Perkins; Nicholas Ohrazda; David A. Matthews; Rakesh Gelda; Feng Peng; David L. Johnson; Carol L. Stephczuk (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Threatened Fishes of the World: Percina aurolineata Suttkus & Ramsey, 1967 (Percidae) - Steven L. Powers; Richard L. Mayden (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Wind‐wave development across a large shallow intertidal estuary: A case study of Manukau Harbour, New Zealand - Murray J. Smith; Craig L. Stevens; Richard M. Gorman; John A. McGregor; Cameron G. Neilson (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2001)
Locally generated wind‐waves in estuaries play an important role in the sediment dynamics and the transport of biota. Wave growth in estuaries is complicated by tidally varying depth, fetch, and currents. Wave development was studied at six sites along a transect across Manukau Harbour, New Zealand, which is a large intertidal estuary with a tidal range of up to 4 m. Three meteorological masts were also deployed across the measurement transect to measure wave forcing by the wind. A spatial variation in wind speed by up to a factor of 2 was observed which has a significant effect on wave development at short fetches. The wind variation can be explained by the extreme change in surface roughness at the upwind land‐water boundary. The tidally varying depth results in non‐stationary wave development. At the long fetch sites wave development is dictated by the tidally varying depth with peak frequencies continuing to decrease after high water, whereas wave height is attenuated by bottom friction. The non‐dimensional energy and peak frequency parameters commonly used to describe wave growth, clearly exhibit depth limiting effects, but with wider scatter than in previous studies in simpler environments. The peak frequency predictions of Young & Verhagen (1996a) fit our data well. However, the wide variability of energy limits the usefulness of standard growth prediction curves in such situations, and highlights the requirement for a validated, shallow‐water numerical model.

Structure and carbohydrate analysis of the exopolysaccharide capsule of Pseudomonas putida G7 - Scott C. Kachlany; Steven B. Levery; John S. Kim; Bradley L. Reuhs; Leonard W. Lion; William C. Ghiorse (Environmental Microbiology, 2001)
The aromatic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida G7, produces exopolymers of potential interest in biotechnological applications. These exopolymers have been shown to have significant metal‐binding ability. To initiate the study of the metal–polymer interactions, we explored the physical and chemical nature of the P. putida G7 exopolysaccharide, a major component of the exopolymer. A capsular structure was observed by light microscopy surrounding both planktonic and attached cells in biofilms after immunofluorescence staining with polyclonal antiserum raised against planktonic cells. Further work with planktonic cells showed that the immunostained capsule remained associated with young (log phase) cells, whereas older (stationary phase) cells lost their capsular material to the external milieu. Visualization of frozen, hydrated stationary phase cells by cryo‐field emission scanning electron microscopy (cryoFESEM) revealed highly preserved extracellular material. In contrast, conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of stationary phase cells showed rope‐like material that most probably results from dehydrated and collapsed exopolymer. Both capsular and released exopolymers were separated from cells, and the released extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was purified. Deoxycholate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver/alcian blue staining of the partially purified material showed that it contained both EPS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further purification of the EPS using a differential solubilization technique to remove LPS yielded highly purified EPS. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that the purified EPS contained the monosaccharides, glucose, rhamnose, ribose, N‐acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid. The structural and chemical properties of the P. putida EPS described here increase our understanding of the mechanisms of toxic metal binding by this well‐known Proteobacterium.

A new lumbriculid genus and species from North America (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) - Steven V. Fend; Daniel L. Gustafson (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the canine androgen receptor - Bihong Lu; Steven L. Smock; Tessa A. Castleberry; Thomas A. Owen (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

The role of cell differentiation state and HMG-I/Y in the expression of transgenes flanked by matrix attachment regions - Robert Ascenzi; Jennifer L. Ingram; Mara Massel; William F. Thompson; Steven Spiker; Arthur K. Weissinger (Transgenic Research, 2001)

Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient - James L. Carter; Steven V. Fend (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

Linkage of body mass index to chromosome 20 in Utah pedigrees - Steven C. Hunt; Victor Abkevich; Charles H. Hensel; Alexander Gutin; Chris D. Neff; Deanna L. Russell; Thanh Tran; Xiankang Hong; Srikanth Jammulapati; Robyn Riley; Jane Weaver-Feldhaus; Tess Macalma; et al. (Human Genetics, 2001)

Treadmill and cycle ergometry testing in 5- to 6-year-old children - Linda M. LeMura; Serge P. von Duvillard; Steven L. Cohen; Connie J. Root; Sara A. Chelland; Joseph Andreacci; John Hoover; Jay Weatherford (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001)

Characterizing agrochemical patterns and effective BMPs for surface waters using mechanistic modeling and GIS - Steven A. Cryer; Michael A. Fouch; Alan L. Peacock; Patrick L. Havens (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2001)

Some Mathematical and Computational Problems in Reactive Flow - Steven L. Bryant (Computational Geosciences, 2001)

Physiological constraints on bromoform (CHBr 3 ) production by Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) - Steven L. Manley; Pebble E. Barbero (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
Physiological factors affecting bromoform (CHBr 3 ) production by Ulva lactuca were investigated using metabolic inhibitors and presumed substrates of bromoperoxidase (BrPO). The metabolic inhibitors were used at a verified physiologically active concentration. Bromoform production was nearly tripled in the light (376 ± 92 pg cm −2 h −1 ) compared to the dark (114 ± 70 pg cm −2 h −1 ), was inhibited in the light in the presence of the photosynthetic inhibitor DCMU, and was inhibited in the dark in the presence of mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor rotenone. Removal of H 2 O 2 from seawater (treatment with catalase) decreased CHBr 3 production in the light and dark. Addition of H 2 O 2 to incubations at either 1.0 mM or 100 µM significantly decreased CHBr 3 production in the light and inhibited photosynthesis. In the dark, CHBr 3 production was decreased and respiration inhibited in the presence of 1 mM H 2 O 2 ; CHBr 3 production was enhanced and respiration was not affected in the presence of 100 µM H 2 O 2 . Removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawater decreased CHBr 3 production, as did the addition of alternative BrPO substrates. These results suggest the presence of an extracellular and intracellular BrPO that protects the alga from both internally produced and externally present H 2 O 2 . The results show that H 2 O 2 produced as a result of photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, presumably by superoxide dismutase, is available to BrPO for bromination, and that the bromination of an unidentified metabolite (presumably Βߚketo acids) and a component of DOM leads to the production of volatile polybromomethanes.

Observations Of A Progressive Warm-Fresh Oceanic Front and A Cool-Moist Atmospheric Front At Duck, North Carolina - Todd D. Sikora; David L. Porter; Steven M. Babin; Michael D. Wisecup (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2001)

Evaluating causal relations in neural systems: Granger causality, directed transfer function and statistical assessment of significance - Maciej Kamiński; Mingzhou Ding; Wilson A. Truccolo; Steven L. Bressler (Biological Cybernetics, 2001)

Comparative mapping of BTA15 and HSA11 including a region containing a QTL for meat tenderness - Caird E. Rexroad III; Gary L. Bennett; Roger T. Stone; John W. Keele; Scott C. Fahrenkrug; Brad A. Freking; Steven M. Kappes; Timothy P.L. Smith (Mammalian Genome, 2001)

World Heritage Status and Conservation of Southern Ocean Islands - Steven L. Chown; Ana S.L. Rodrigues; Niek J.M. Gremmen; Kevin J. Gaston (Conservation Biology, 2001)

Estimation of Mean Annual Temperature from Leaf and Wood Physiognomy - Michael C. Wiemann; David L. Dilcher; Steven R. Manchester (Forest Science, 2001)
There are distinct relationships among the anatomy of wood, the morphology of leaves, and the climate in which woody plants are growing. The relationships between leaf morphological characters and climate have been known for many years, but wood characters as climate indicators are less well studied. In this article, we use measurements of wood anatomy and leaf morphology from woody dicotyledonous plants, growing in Florida and Connecticut, to determine the accuracy to which statistical models can predict climate. The strength of the relationship between climate and physiognomy is important because it allows us to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity that woody plants express under various climates. In this study we use canonical correspondence and regression models to examine how precisely wood anatomical and leaf morphological characters are related to climate. For leaves, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) using 31 characters gave the closest estimate of mean annual temperature (MAT) in Connecticut, whereas a regression equation using only a single leaf character (leaf margins with no teeth) as predictor gave the closest estimate in Florida. For wood, CCA using 13 wood characters gave the closest estimate in Florida, whereas a regression equation using only a single wood character (the occurrence of vessels smaller than 100 μm) gave the closest estimate in Connecticut. CCA showed that, although MAT has a smooth and continuous relationship with leaf physiognomy, this is not the case for wood. Temperate woods form a different physiognomic population than subtropical and tropical woods, in which the physiognomy of temperate woods is more strongly influenced by MAT than is the physiognomy of subtropical and tropical woods. FOR. SCI. 47(2):141–149.

Water motion relative to subtidal kelp fronds - C. L. Stevens; C. L. Hurd; M. J. Smith (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
A study of water velocities near subtidal kelp fronds, relative to the motion of the kelp itself, is described. The dynamic model developed by Utter and Denny (1996) is used to develop a quantitative measure of the relative velocity vector, u r . The numerical model is extended through the addition of a current, use of a larger drag coefficient, and explicit consideration of u r . The model is tested by comparing it with microwave radar observations of a tethered float. The modeling of kelp frond motion uses parameters derived from current meter observations as input data. The results indicate that the relative velocity of seawater to the kelp frond is rarely zero and often is of comparable magnitude to the local Eulerian velocity of the water relative to the seabed. This has ramifications for modeling of both drag and boundary‐layer transport processes. Use of a monochromatic wave field in the modeling in conjunction with examination of the results in the time domain suggests the magnitude of the current is very important in controlling motion at frequencies lower than the wave frequency.

Profound Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on the Polarized Transport of Furosemide and Verapamil in the Caco-2 Model - Sang M. Chung; Eun J. Park; Steven M. Swanson; Ta C. Wu; Win L. Chiou (Pharmaceutical Research, 2001)

CORRECTING AERIAL SURVEY COUNTS OF HARBOR SEALS ( PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI ) IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON - Harriet R. Huber; Steven J. Jeffries; Robin F. Brown; Robert L. Delong; Glenn Vanblaricom (Marine Mammal Science, 2001)
A bstract Aerial surveys of harbor seals on land produce only a minimum assessment of the population; a correction factor to account for the missing animals is necessary to estimate total abundance. In 1991 and 1992, VHF radio tags were deployed on harbor seals ( n = 124) at six sites in Washington and Oregon. During aerial surveys a correction factor to account for seals in the water was determined from the proportion of radio‐tagged seals on shore during the pupping season. This proportion ranged from 0.54 to 0.74. Among the six sites there was no significant difference in the proportion of animals on shore nor was there a difference in age/sex categories of seals on shore between sites. The pooled correction factor for determining total population abundance was 1.53. An additional 32 seals were radio tagged in 1993 at one of the sites used in 1991. Comparing data from the two years, we found no interannual variation. Aerial surveys of all known harbor seal haul‐out sites in Washington ( n = 319) and Oregon ( n = 68) were flown during the peak of the pupping season, 1991–1993. The Washington and Oregon harbor seal population was divided into two stocks based on pupping phenology, morphometics, and genetics. Mean counts for the Washington inland stock were 8,710 in 1991, 9,018 in 1992, and 10,092 in 1993. Oregon and Washington coastal stock mean counts were 18,363 in 1991, 18,556 in 1992, and 17,762 in 1993. Multiplying the annual count by the correction factor yielded estimates of harbor seal abundance in the Washington inland stock of 13,326 (95% CI = 11,637–15,259) for 1991, 13,798 (95% CI = 11,980–15,890) for 1992, and 15,440 (95% CI = 13,382–17,814) for 1993. In the Oregon and Washington coastal stock the corrected estimate of harbor seal abundance was 28,094 (95% CI = 24,697–31,960) in 1991, 28,391 (95% CI = 24,847–32,440) for 1992, and 27,175 (95% CI = 23,879–30,926) for 1993.

Inventory and Bioindicator Sampling: Testing Pitfall and Winkler Methods with Ants in a South African Savanna - Catherine L. Parr; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2001)

Cycloheximide resistance conferred by novel mutations in ribosomal protein L41 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - D. R. Stevens; A. Atteia; L.-G. Franzén; S. Purton (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2001)

Modeling submersed macrophyte growth in relation to underwater light climate: modeling approaches and application potential - Elly P. H. Best; Christopher P. Buzzelli; Steven M. Bartell; Richard L. Wetzel; William A. Boyd; Robert D. Doyle; Kym R. Campbell (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

Expression of the mRNA encoding truncated PPARα does not correlate with hepatic insensitivity to peroxisome proliferators - Jeffrey C. Hanselman; Marsha V. Vartanian; Benjamin P. Koester; Steven A. Gray; Arnold D. Essenburg; Thomas J. Rea; Charles L. Bisgaier; MichaelE. Pape (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

Cardiac and skeletal myopathies: can genotype explain phenotype? - Steven B. Marston; Julie L. Hodgkinson (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2001)

Competition between Native Populus deltoides and Invasive Tamarix ramosissima and the Implications for Reestablishing Flooding Disturbance - Anna A. Sher; Diane L. Marshall; Steven A. Gilbert (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Changes in historical disturbance regimes have been shown to facilitate non‐native plant invasions, but reinstatement of disturbance can be successful only if native colonizers are able to outcompete colonizing invasives. Reintroduction of flooding in the southwestern United States is being promoted as a means of reestablishing Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii , but flooding can also promote establishment of an introduced, invasive species, Tamarix ramosissima . We investigated competition between Populus and Tamarix at the seedling stage to aid in characterizing the process by which Tamarix may invade and to determine the potential ability of Populus to establish itself with competitive pressure from Tamarix . We planted seedlings of Tamarix and Populus in five ratios at three densities for a total of 15 treatments. The growth response of each species was measured in terms of height, above‐ground biomass, and tissue concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. These measurements across treatments were modeled as three‐dimensional response surfaces. For both species, Populus density was more important than Tamarix density for determining growth response. Both species were negatively affected by increasing numbers of Populus seedlings. Due to the larger size of the native Populus , we predict that its superior competitive ability can lead to its dominance when conditions allow native establishment. Our results suggest that even in the presence of an invader that positively responds to disturbance, reestablishment of historical flooding regimes and post‐flood hydrology can restore this ecosystem by promoting its dominant plant species.

Competition between Native Populus deltoides and Invasive Tamarix ramosissima and the Implications for Reestablishing Flooding Disturbance - Anna A. Sher; Diane L. Marshall; Steven A. Gilbert (Conservation Biology, 2000)

Detecting and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dependence in Conservation Biology - Steven S. Carroll; David L. Pearson (Conservation Biology, 2000)

Detecting and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dependence in Conservation Biology - Steven S. Carroll; David L. Pearson (Conservation Biology, 2000)
Due to the structuring forces and large‐scale physical processes that shape our biosphere, we often find that environmental and ecological data are either spatially or temporally—or both spatially and temporally—dependent. When these data are analyzed, statistical techniques and models are frequently applied that were developed for independent data. We describe some of the detrimental consequences, such as inefficient parameter estimators, biased hypothesis test results, and inaccurate predictions, of ignoring spatial and temporal data dependencies, and we cite an example of adverse statistical results occurring when spatial dependencies were disregarded. We also discuss and recommend available techniques used to detect and model spatial and temporal dependence, including variograms, covariograms, autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots, geostatistical techniques, Gaussian autoregressive models, K functions, and ARIMA models, in environmental and ecological research to avoid the aforementioned difficulties.

Do MSH6 mutations contribute to double primary cancers of the colorectum and endometrium? - George S. Charames; Anna L. Millar; Tuya Pal; Steven Narod; Bharati Bapat (Human Genetics, 2000)

Genes outside the major histocompatibility complex control resistance and susceptibility to experimental Lyme arthritis - Charles R. Brown; Steven L. Reiner (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2000)

Stream Invertebrate Communities, Water Quality, and Land-Use Patterns in an Agricultural Drainage Basin of Northeastern Nebraska, USA - Matt R. Whiles; Brent L. Brock; Annette C. Franzen; Steven C. Dinsmore, II (Environmental Management, 2000)

Spatial variation and biogeography of sand forest avian assemblages in South Africa - Berndt J. Van Rensburg; Steven L. Chown; Albert S. Van Jaarsveld; Melodie A. McGeoch (Journal of Biogeography, 2000)
Aim To examine biogeographical affiliations, habitat‐associated heterogeneity and endemism of avian assemblages in sand forest patches and the savanna‐like mixed woodland matrix. Location Two reserves in the Maputaland Centre of Endemism (MC) on the southern Mozambique Coastal Plain of northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Methods Replicated surveys were undertaken in each of the two habitat types in each reserve, providing species abundance data over a full year. Vegetation structure at each of the survey sites was also quantified. Differences between the bird assemblages and the extent to which vegetation structure explained these differences were assessed using multi‐variate techniques. Biogeographical comparisons were based on species presence/absence data and clustering techniques. Results Bird assemblages differed significantly between habitats both within a given reserve and between reserves, and also between reserves for a given habitat. Differences in vegetation structure contributed substantially to differences between the avian assemblages. Of the four species endemic to the MC, three (Neergaard’s sunbird, Rudd’s apalis, and Woodward’s batis) were consistently present in sand forest. The fourth (pink‐throated twinspot) preferred mixed woodland. None of these endemic species was classed as rare. In the biogeographical analysis, both the sand forest and the mixed woodland bird assemblages were most similar to bird assemblages found in the forest biome or the Afromontane forest biome, depending on the biome classification used. Main conclusions The close affinities of sand forest and mixed woodland assemblages to those of the forest biome are most likely due to similarities in vegetation structure of these forests. Bird assemblages differ between the sand forest and mixed woodland habitats both within a given reserve and between reserves, and also between reserves for a given habitat. These differences extend to species endemic to the MC. Thus, conservation of sand forest habitat in a variety of areas is necessary to ensure the long‐term persistence of the biota.

Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 2. Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves - Gerard W. Wall; Neal R. Adam; Talbot J. Brooks; Bruce A. Kimball; Paul J. Pinter; Robert L. LaMorte; Floyd J. Adamsen; Douglas J. Hunsaker; Gabrielle Wechsung; Frank Wechsung; Susanne Grossman-Clarke; Steven W. Leavitt; et al. (Photosynthesis Research, 2000)

Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 3. Canopy architecture and gas exchange - Talbot J. Brooks; Gerard W. Wall; Paul J. Pinter; Bruce A. Kimball; Robert L. LaMorte; Steven W. Leavitt; Allan D. Matthias; Floyd J. Adamsen; Douglas J. Hunsaker; Andrew N. Webber (Photosynthesis Research, 2000)

Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 1. Leaf position and phenology determine acclimation response - Neal R. Adam; Gerard W. Wall; Bruce A. Kimball; Paul J. Pinter; Robert L. LaMorte; Douglas J. Hunsaker; Floyd J. Adamsen; Tom Thompson; Allan D. Matthias; Steven W. Leavitt; Andrew N. Webber (Photosynthesis Research, 2000)

Effects of growth rates on development to metamorphosis in the lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera - Virginia L. Flanagin; Steven P. Haase; Steven A. Juliano (Oecologia, 2000)

Induction and/or Selection of Phenolic Acid-Utilizing Bulk-Soil and Rhizosphere Bacteria and Their Influence on Phenolic Acid Phytotoxicity - Udo Blum; Karen L. Staman; Laura J. Flint; Steven R. Shafer (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2000)

Comparative map alignment of BTA27 and HSA4 and 8 to identify conserved segments of genome containing fat deposition QTL - Tad S. Sonstegard; Wes M. Garrett; Melissa S. Ashwell; Gary L. Bennett; Steven M. Kappes; Curtis P. Van Tassell (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

Reaching for New Heitz - Steven Henikoff; Joel C. Eissenberg; Arthur J. Hilliker; Erwin R. Schmidt; Lori L. Wallrath (Genetica, 2000)

Increased immunoreactivity of glutathione-S-transferase in the retina of Swiss Webster mice following inhalation of JP8+100 aerosol - Shawn McGuire; Elaine Bostad; Les Smith; Mark Witten; Frank L. Siegel; Steven Kornguth (Archives of Toxicology, 2000)

Short-window spectral analysis of cortical event-related potentials by adaptive multivariate autoregressive modeling: data preprocessing, model validation, and variability assessment - Mingzhou Ding; Steven L. Bressler; Weiming Yang; Hualou Liang (Biological Cybernetics, 2000)

Role of neuronal nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors in the activation of neurons in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis by nicotine delivered to the oral mucosa - E. Carstens; Christopher T. Simons; Jean-Marc Dessirier; M. Iodi Carstens; Steven L. Jinks (Experimental Brain Research, 2000)

Wind Tunnel And Field Measurements Of Turbulent Flow In Forests. Part I: Uniformly Thinned Stands - Michael D. Novak; Jon S. Warland; Alberto L Orchansky; Rick Ketler; Steven Green (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2000)

A survey of unbalanced flow diagnostics and their application - Fuqing Zhang; Steven E. Koch; Christopher A. Davis; Michael L. Kaplan (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2000)

Carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant residue chemistry and decomposition - Fitzgerald L. Booker; Steven R. Shafer; Cai-Miao Wei; Stephanie J. Horton (Plant and Soil, 2000)

A Model of Ocular Dominance Column Development by Competition for Trophic Factor: Effects of Excess Trophic Factor with Monocular Deprivation and Effects of Antagonist of Trophic Factor - Anthony E. Harris; G. Bard Ermentrout; Steven L. Small (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2000)

Evidence for Morphometric Differentiation of Wild and Captively Reared Adult Coho Salmon: A Geometric Analysis - Jeffrey J. Hard; Barry A. Berejikian; Eugene P. Tezak; Steven L. Schroder; Curtis M. Knudsen; L. Ted Parker (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Distribution and ecology of myxomycetes in high‐latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere - Steven L. Stephenson; Yuri K. Novozhilov; Martin Schnittler (Journal of Biogeography, 2000)
Aim The objective of this study was to analyse the data represented by 1976 specimens of myxomycetes collected in high‐latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere to obtain information on the biogeographical relationships and patterns of occurrence of these organisms. The question of what factors limit myxomycete distribution in high‐latitude and cold‐dominated regions was also addressed. Location Specimens of myxomycetes considered herein were collected from twelve study areas in Iceland, northern Russia and Alaska, and Greenland. The vast majority of specimens were collected during the period of 1989–98. Methods Nine hundred and thirty‐three specimens were recorded as field collections. In addition, 1043 specimens originated from moist chamber cultures prepared with 1453 substratum samples collected in the various study areas. From a database recording the type of substratum (wood, bark of living trees, litter or dung) for each specimen, patterns of substratum occurrence for particular species of myxomycetes in high‐latitude regions were determined. Results From the 150 species recorded for the twelve study areas, thirty‐three were found to be widely distributed (recorded from at least five study areas), and only forty‐one had a frequency of occurrence higher than 1% either in moist chambers or as field collections. These data were examined in an effort to identify possible factors limiting the distribution of myxomycetes in high‐latitude regions. Main conclusions Upon first inspection, the arctic and subArctic myxomycete biota seems to be a depauperate version of that of temperate and boreal regions. However, a few species elsewhere recorded as rare but found to be fairly common in this study indicate that a certain degree of distinctiveness exists in Arctic and subArctic myxomycetes.

Global Warming Potentials: 1. Climatic Implications of Emissions Reductions - Steven J. Smith; M. L. Wigley (Climatic Change, 2000)

Global Warming Potentials: 2. Accuracy - Steven J. Smith; T. M. L. Wigley (Climatic Change, 2000)

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of the Herbicide Benzofenap (Taipan 300) to Chironomus tepperi Skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Isidorella newcombi (Adams and Angas) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) - A. L. Wilson; M. M. Stevens; R. J. Watts (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2000)

The mouse adducin gene family: alternative splicing and chromosomal localization - Sardha P. Suriyapperuma; Larissa Lozovatsky; Steven L. Ciciotte; Luanne L. Peters; Diana M. Gilligan (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

Nest Placement and Egg Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Redds - Benoît de Gaudemar; Steven L. Schroder; Edward P. Beall (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Toxin-binding properties of cytochrome P450 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus - Kathryn H. Engler; Steven L. Kelly; Raymond D. Coker; Ivor H. Evans (Biotechnology Letters, 2000)

Observations on the short-term movements and behaviour of whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia - J. S. Gunn; J. D. Stevens; T. L. O. Davis; B. M. Norman (Marine Biology, 1999)

Evaluation of an in vitro coculture model for the blood-brain barrier: Comparison of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) and rat glioma cells (C6) from two commercial sources - Jamie L. Scism; Dennis A. Laska; Jeffrey W. Horn; Jerry L. Gimple; Susan E. Pratt; Robert L. Shepard; Anne H. Dantzig; Steven A. Wrighton (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1999)

Urban plant ecology patterns and processes: a case study of the flora of the City of Plymouth, Devon, U. K. - M. Kent; R. A. Stevens; L. Zhang (Journal of Biogeography, 1999)
Summary Aim Using a large database that has been created over the past 5 years with the RECORDER package, presence/absence data for 829 species of vascular plants in the 103 1‐km 2 squares that cover the city of Plymouth (pop. 243,373) have been analysed by two‐way indicator species analysis ( TWINSPAN ) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to establish the major species assemblages and to examine their spatial distribution across the city in relation to variation in land use. Location The City of Plymouth. Methods Nine groupings of squares emerged and their distribution was mapped across the city. Interpretation of those groups and their variation in relation to the land use ordination axes showed that TWINSPAN groups lying along the first axis of variation correlated floristic variation with the process of urban development and the historical evolution of urban structure. The second axis appeared to be related to particular remnant semi‐natural habitats within the city that could be regarded as ‘hot‐spots’ for survival of many plant species. Species were categorized into four types on the basis of their recency and mode of arrival in the city and by using the historical flora of Plymouth produced by T. R. Archer‐Briggs in 1880. Variations in the sources of species in relation to the TWINSPAN classification groups were then examined. A second ordination was also computed; this time with geological, altitudinal and distance variables. TWINSPAN groups were then superimposed on the ordinations using polygons to assist with biogeographical interpretation. Results and conclusions The results of both the multivariate analyses and distribution of species by source are then discussed in the context of previous research into urban plant ecology, particularly in Central Europe. The problems of inferring process from pattern in this meso‐scale study are reviewed and suggestions are made for further research into urban ecology and biogeography in the city.

Conservation Endocrinology: a Noninvasive Tool to Understand Relationships between Carnivore Colonization and Ecological Carrying Capacity - Joel Berger; J. Ward Testa; Tom Roffe; Steven L. Monfort (Conservation Biology, 1999)
Reproductive technology, especially the diagnosis of pregnancy by radioimmunoassay of fecal steroid metabolites, is an important component of captive propagation, but its role in our understanding of ecological interactions and in situ biological restoration has been more limited. Where large herbivores have been “released” from predation by the extirpation of carnivores, controversy often exists about possible detrimental effects at the ecosystem level. A related concern is that the reestablishment of large carnivores may decrease the availability of prey populations for human subsistence. We suggest that pregnancy assays can be a valuable tool to help distinguish between the roles of predation versus food‐imposed limitations on population size and their effects on juvenile recruitment in wild species. We explored this issue through analyses of fecal progestagen concentration ( FPC) levels to document pregnancy in moose ( Alces alces ) in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, a site where wolves ( Canis lupus ) and grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos ) are recolonizing former habitats after an absence of more than 60 years. Pregnancy was clearly discernible (mean FPC for pregnant and nonpregnant females, respectively: 10.60 vs. 2.57 μg/g; p 0.0001). Among the potential confounding variables that need to be considered if FPC is applied to ecological and demographic questions are whether baseline values are affected by handling, whether neonate survival has been assessed, and whether sampling efforts are directed at both pregnant and nonpregnant animals. With these issues accounted for, the local moose population experienced juvenile survival rates among the highest in North America. Pregnancy rates, however, dropped from 90% in 1966 to about 75% today, rendering them in the lowest fifteenth percentile among moose populations in North America. Our findings suggest that a relatively low frequency of juvenile moose is not the likely result of predation, and they illustrate how endocrinology can be applied to issues involving reproductive events within an ecological context. They also affirm that noninvasive and generally inexpensive endocrinological procedures will be applicable to understanding interactions between recolonizing predators and prey, an issue that will continue to arise because of global restoration efforts, and to the study of rare ungulates in remote systems where data on reproductive events are difficult to obtain.

Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) production in oilseed leukoplasts of Brassica napus - Kathryn L. Houmiel; Steven Slater; Debra Broyles; Laura Casagrande; Susan Colburn; Kathleen Gonzalez; Timothy A. Mitsky; Steven E. Reiser; Devang Shah; Nancy B. Taylor; Mintien Tran; Henry E. Valentin; et al. (Planta, 1999)

Characterization of spontaneous metastasis in an aggressive breast carcinoma model using flow cytometry - Christina M. Schmidt; Steven L. Settle; Jeffery L. Keene; William F. Westlin; G. Allen Nickols; David W. Griggs (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 1999)

A FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH KEN NORRIS - Steven L. Swartz (Marine Mammal Science, 1999)

The influence of spatial scale on cross‐taxon congruence patterns and prediction accuracy of species richness - David L. Pearson; Steven S. Carroll (Journal of Biogeography, 1999)
Summary A comparison of species richness patterns of butterflies and birds was made using data from two grids of squares (small squares 137.5 km on a side and large squares 275 km on a side) covering western North America. Using geostatistical procedures, we found that the spatial patterns of species richness of these two taxa were related. The influence of grain size on the strength of this relationship was investigated by analysing the two data sets. For both data sets, the number of butterfly species in a square was a statistically significant predictor of the corresponding number of bird species. However, cross‐validation techniques showed that the marginal improvement in prediction accuracy due to including butterflies as a predictor was greater in the large‐square data. We explored the effect of areal extent on cross‐taxon congruencies by investigating species richness patterns in four subsets of the small‐square data. In regions with smaller areal extent, the cross‐taxon congruence patterns were not substantially different from the pattern found in the full data set. Finally, using data‐splitting techniques, we explored the relationships between prediction accuracy of species richness, sample size, areal extent of the sample, and grain size.

Species turnover, community boundaries and biogeographical composition of dung beetle assemblages across an altitudinal gradient in South Africa - Adrian L. V. Davis; Clarke H. Scholtz; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Biogeography, 1999)
Summary Aim To identify biogeographical boundaries which are obscured by faunal overlap and habitat modification. Location KwaZulu‐Natal in south‐east, South Africa beyond the southern tip of the Moçambique Coastal Plain. Methods Species abundance data for dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) were collected at six levels from the coastal escarpment (30°16′S – 500 m) to the top of the nearby Drakensberg (29°35′S – 2850 m). Cross‐altitudinal boundaries were identified using clustering techniques, beta‐diversity indices, and range edge analysis. Biogeographical data for the species were drawn from an extensive reference collection and used to classify the biogeographical affinities of the assemblages. Results Three discrete communities are defined ( 89% east coast endemics (coastal forest) or >84% South African montane endemics (montane grassland) in terms of abundance. The third community in coastal to highveld grassland is biogeographically more heterogeneous. Predominant biota of this community comprise both South African highveld endemics and elements with distributions extending into the tropics. At highveld levels (1500 m), there are proportionately more highveld endemics whereas at lowland levels (500 m), there are proportionately more tropical elements. At 1000 m, there was a change in the balance between these two groups across an anthropogenic gradient due to a decline in the proportion of endemics in favour of temperate/tropical generalists. This gradient from a natural grassland fragment to improved pastures of Kikuyu grass also parallels a decline in species richness and abundance. Species turnover analyses showed three different cross‐altitudinal patterns. Range‐edge analysis showed a trimodal pattern of species turnover (peaks in forest and the Drakensberg foothills as in the community analysis but also at 1000 m). Five beta‐diversity indices showed either a bimodal pattern of turnover (forest/grassland and foothills/middle Drakensberg slopes) or a trimodal turnover pattern (forest/grassland, highveld/Drakensberg foothills, Drakensberg peaks). Main conclusions Clear altitudinal zonation is revealed by community and biogeographical analysis but one natural biogeographical boundary may be obscured by the process of habitat modification. This boundary at 1000 m is revealed by range‐edge analysis and is supported by findings for plant communities. Beta‐diversity, species turnover patterns diverged slightly from those suggested by the community and range‐edge analyses.

Role of P-Glycoprotein on the CNS Disposition of Amprenavir (141W94), an HIV Protease Inhibitor - Joseph W. Polli; Jeanne L. Jarrett; Scott D. Studenberg; Joan E. Humphreys; Steven W. Dennis; Kenneth R. Brouwer; Joseph L. Woolley (Pharmaceutical Research, 1999)

Three Faces of Ecosystem Management - Steven L. Yaffee (Conservation Biology, 1999)
The debate over the objectives and methods of ecosystem management has been confusing, in part because people truly mean different things when they use the term ecosystem management. These different meanings reflect differences in interests, values, and knowledge. I organized these meanings into three sets: “environmentally sensitive multiple use,” an “ecosystem approach to resource management,” and “ecoregional management.” Environmentally sensitive multiple use takes an anthropocentric perspective that seeks to foster multiple human uses subject to an understanding of environmental constraints that goes beyond that considered in traditional multiple‐use management. An ecosystem approach incorporates a biocentric view in which ecosystems are understood as a metaphor for holistic thinking requiring an expanded consideration of the dynamism and complexity of ecological systems, scale phenomena, and the need for management across ownership boundaries. Ecoregional management takes an ecocentric perspective that focuses on the management of specific landscape ecosystems defined as real geographic spaces and that shifts management focus toward ecosystem processes and away from biota. Understanding these three conceptualizations as different points along a continuum of resource management paradigms helps clarify the different visions of ecosystem management held by different groups. Because different places and groups are at various points on the continuum, progress comes from moving along the continuum and not necessarily by seeking a single state called “ecosystem management.” Policy prescriptions, such as changes in law, incentives, and information provision, can be targeted more effectively to the realities of different settings. Ultimately, the conceptualization suggests that heterogeneity of ecosystem management approaches is desirable, as long as we learn from the diverse experiences that result.

Predation, scramble competition, and the vigilance group size effect in dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis ) - Steven L. Lima; Patrick A. Zollner; Peter A. Bednekoff (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1999)

The synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of the neurotoxic prion peptide 106–126: Comparative use of manual Boc and Fmoc chemistry - Michael F. Jobling; Colin J. Barrow; Anthony R. White; Colin L. Masters; Steven J. Collins; Roberto Cappai (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 1999)

Molecular characterization of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes from breast cancer families in Taiwan - Steven Shoei-Lung Li; H.-M. Tseng; Tsui-Ping Yang; Chia-Han Liu; Shiuh-Jen Teng; Hung-Wen Huang; L.-M. Chen; Hsiao-Wei Kao; Jimmy H. Chen; Jau-Neng Tseng; Angela Chen; Ming-Feng Hou; et al. (Human Genetics, 1999)

Characterization of Mhc-DRB allelic diversity in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) provides insight into Mhc-DRB allelic evolution within Cervidae - R. A. Van Den Bussche; Steven R. Hoofer; Robert L. Lochmiller (Immunogenetics, 1999)

Reproductive Synchrony in Brucellosis‐Exposed Bison in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and in Noninfected Populations - Joel Berger; Steven L. Cain (Conservation Biology, 1999)
Shooting of bison ( Bison bison ) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is a highly polarized, emotional issue because native ungulates exposed to brucellosis ( Brucella abortus ) may infect cattle when they disperse or migrate beyond protected reserves. Both bison and elk ( Cervus elaphus ) carry brucellosis, a disease that causes abortion in livestock and is often transmitted through contact with expelled fetuses or birth membranes and fluids. If Brucella ‐infected bison experience a prolonged period of birth, cattle in areas of sympatry will have increased susceptibility to disease. We tested the hypothesis that reproductive synchrony differs between Brucella ‐free and Brucella ‐infected bison by contrasting patterns between the Brucella ‐exposed bison population (in Jackson Hole, Wyoming) within the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem with three nonexposed populations (National Bison Range in Montana, and Wind Cave and Badlands National Parks in South Dakota) that inhabit prairies. Populations averaged 42 births per site per year. Fifty percent of all the births occurred within 1 month, and 95% within 61 days at three sites. It took 89 days for 95% of the births to occur at the noninfected Badlands site. Multiple comparison of regression slopes of the relationship between birth synchrony and the cumulative proportion of total births revealed interpopulation differences ( p Brucella ‐infected bison. Although Brucella transmission from bison to cattle occurs experimentally, captive densities during testing exceeded the mean for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem by about 1500 times, and that in 10 noninfected populations by more than 100 times. Although mean density can be misleading as a surrogate for the potential transmission of disease from bison to cattle, bison densities have not approached those reported for disease transmission. Among the ecological factors that may affect the spread of brucellosis from bison to cattle in the southern Yellowstone region, two stand out: (1) access to high‐quality food, perhaps because animals in superior physiological condition tend to exhibit tighter reproductive synchrony and (2) incidence of disease in elk. The timing of parturition in bison is neither a simple process nor is it likely to be based on responses to a single variable. A potentially fertile area for future investigation will concern relationships among food, reproductive synchrony, and spatial‐temporal components of bison, elk, and cattle distribution.

Family history characteristics, tumor microsatellite instability and germline MSH2 and MLH1 mutations in hereditary colorectal cancer - B. V. Bapat; Lisa Madlensky; Larissa K. F. Temple; T. Hiruki; Mark Redston; David L. Baron; Ling Xia; Victoria A. Marcus; Claudio Soravia; Angela Mitri; Wesley Shen; Robert Gryfe; et al. (Human Genetics, 1999)

Dynamics of hydric soil formation across the edge of a created deep marsh - Michael J. Vepraskas; Jim L. Richardson; John P. Tandarich; Steven J. Teets (Wetlands, 1999)

The RT6 (Art2) family of ADP-ribosyltransferases in rat and mouse - Rita Bortell; Toshihiro Kanaitsuka; Linda A. Stevens; Joel Moss; John P. Mordes; Aldo A. Rossini; Dale L. Greiner (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1999)

Minimally Invasive Surgical Removal of Ovulated Eggs from Paddlefish - Ludek Štěch; Otomar Linhart; William L. Shelton; Steven D. Mims (Aquaculture International, 1999)

Intracerebral administration of metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists disrupts prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in Sprague-Dawley rats - Steven M. Grauer; K. L. Marquis (Psychopharmacology, 1999)

Cyclic Traction Machine for Long-Term Culture of Fibroblast-Populated Collagen Gels - E. Langelier; D. Rancourt; S. Bouchard; C. Lord; P.-P. Stevens; L. Germain; F. A. Auger (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Intestinal Transport of Gentamicin with a Novel, Glycosteroid Drug Transport Agent - Helena R. Axelrod; Jae Seung Kim; Clifford B. Longley; Elke Lipka; Gordon L. Amidon; Ramesh Kakarla; Y. W. Hui; Steven J. Weber; Sally Choe; Michael J. Sofia (Pharmaceutical Research, 1998)

Impact of transgenic viral resistance on seed potato certification - Steven A. Slack; Thomas L. German (American Journal of Potato Research, 1998)

The Effect of High Dose Endotoxin on CYP3A2 Expression in the Rat - Amy L. Roe; Graham Warren; Guoqiang Hou; Georgette Howard; Steven I. Shedlofsky; Robert A. Blouin (Pharmaceutical Research, 1998)

The mechanism of thioacetamide-induced apoptosis in the L37 albumin-SV40 T-antigen transgenic rat hepatocyte-derived cell line occurs without DNA fragmentation - Steven J. Bulera; Carol A. Sattler; Wendy L. Gast; Susan Heath; Todd A. Festerling; Henry C. Pitot (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1998)

Training decreases muscle glycogen turnover during exercise - John L. Azevedo Jr.; Jon K. Linderman; Steven L. Lehman; George A. Brooks (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998)

Differential effects of a six-day immobilization on newborn rat soleus muscles at two developmental stages - F. Picquet; L. Stevens; G. S. Butler-Browne; Y. Mounier (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 1998)

Mycorrhizal status of the endangered species Astragalus applegatei Peck as determined from a soil bioassay - Carolina Barroetavena; Steven D. Gisler; D. L. Luoma; Robert J. Meinke (Mycorrhiza, 1998)

The human FE65 gene: genomic structure and an intronic biallelic polymorphism associated with sporadic dementia of the Alzheimer type - Q. Hu; Walter A. Kukull; Steven L. Bressler; Matthew D. Gray; Judith A. Cam; Eric B. Larson; George M. Martin; Samir S. Deeb (Human Genetics, 1998)

Induced meiotic gynogenesis in shovelnose sturgeon - Steven D. Mims; William L. Shelton (Aquaculture International, 1998)

Global Patterns of Species Richness: Spatial Models for Conservation Planning Using Bioindicator and Precipitation Data - David L. Pearson; Steven S. Carroll (Conservation Biology, 1998)
We used birds, butterflies, tiger beetles, mean annual precipitation, and spatial statistical models to investigate the applicability of using indicators of species richness for conservation planning on a continental scale. The models were applied to data collected on three grids of squares (each square 275 or 350 km on a side) covering North America, the Indian subcontinent, and Australia. We applied spatial statistical modeling techniques to determine the viability of using a single or multiple indicators to predict spatial patterns of species diversity of ecologically and phylogenetically unrelated taxa. Spatial models are optimal for these analyses because species data typically are not spatially independent, primarily owing to dispersion effects. Furthermore, spatial models can be used to predict species numbers in areas where no observed data are available. We found that the number of tiger beetle species is a useful indicator of the number of butterfly species in North America and of the number of bird species on the Indian subcontinent, but it is not so useful as an indicator of either the number of bird or butterfly species in Australia or of the number of bird species in North America. We also found that the number of butterfly species is a useful indicator of the number of bird species in North America and Australia and that mean annual precipitation is useful for predicting the number of butterfly species in Australia. Although the general model used on all three continental areas is the same, the relative importance of potential indicators in predicting spatial patterns of other taxa changes from continent to continent. We attribute this change largely to differential biogeographical and ecological history, which must be taken into account in the selection and testing of potential indicators. Patrones Globales de Riqueza de Especies: Modelos Especiales para la Planificación de la Conservación Usando Datos de Bioindicadores y Precipitación En este estudio utilizamos aves, mariposas, escarabajos tigre, la precipitación media anual y modelos estadísticos espaciales para investigar la utilidad de los indicadores biológicos de riqueza de especies para la planificación, a escala continental, de la conservación. Los modelos estadísticos se aplicaron a datos obtenidos en cuadrículas (cada cuadrado con 275 o 350 km de lado) que abarcaban Norte América, el Subcontinente de India y Australia. Los modelos estadísticos espaciales permiten determinar la viabilidad del uso de indicadores simples o múltiples para predecir patrones espaciales de riqueza de especies ecológica o filogenéticamente no relacionadas. Los modelos espaciales son óptimos para este tipo de análisis debido a que los datos de las especies no son independientes del espacio donde éstas se encuentran, debido básicamente al efecto de la dispersión. Estos modelos también son utilizados para predecir el número de especies en áreas donde no hay datos disponibles. Los resultados mostraron que el número de especies de escarabajos tigre es un indicador útil de la diversidad de mariposas en Norte América y de aves en el Subcontinente de India, pero no es tan útil como indicador de aves y mariposas en Australia ni de aves en Norte América. El número de especies de mariposas es un indicador útil de las aves en Norte América y Australia. La precipitación es útil para predecir las mariposas en Australia. Aunque el modelo general utilizado en las tres áreas continentales es el mismo, la importancia relativa de los indicadores potenciales para predecir patrones de distribución espacial de otros taxones varía según el continente. Este variación se atribuye principalmente a diferencias en la historia biogeográfica y ecológica. Estas diferencias deben ser consideradas cuando se prueban los indicadores potenciales.

Global Patterns of Species Richness: Spatial Models for Conservation Planning Using Bioindicator and Precipitation Data - David L. Pearson; Steven S. Carroll (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Eucalyptus has a functional equivalent of the Arabidopsis floral meristem identity gene LEAFY - Simon G. Southerton; Steven H. Strauss; Mark R. Olive; Rebecca L. Harcourt; Veronique Decroocq; Xiaomei Zhu; Danny J. Llewellyn; W. James Peacock; Elizabeth S. Dennis (Plant Molecular Biology, 1998)

Effects of delivery rate and non-contingent infusion of cocaine on cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys - L. V. Panlilio; Steven R. Goldberg; Joanne P. Gilman; Rebecca Jufer; Edward J. Cone; Charles W. Schindler (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

Inhibition of antagonist and agonist binding to the human brain muscarinic receptor by arachidonic acid - Jacob R. Kjome; Kathryn A. Swenson; Melissa N. Johnson; Elizabeth Z. Bordayo; Lisa E. Anderson; Lars C. Klevan; Ada I. Fraticelli; Steven L. Aldrich; John R. Fawcett; Homer D. Venters; Thomas A. Ala; William H. Frey (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 1998)

Managing Scientific Data: the EMAP Approach - Stephen S. Hale; Melissa M. Hughes; John F. Paul; R. Scott McAskill; Steven A. Rego; David R. Bender; Nancy J. Dodge; Thomas L. Richter; Jane L. Copeland (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998)

Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO 2 : a comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP) - Yude Pan; Jerry M. Melillo; A. David McGuire; David W. Kicklighter; Louis F. Pitelka; Kathy Hibbard; Lars L. Pierce; Steven W. Running; Dennis S. Ojima; William J. Parton; David S. Schimel (Oecologia, 1998)

A Computational Analysis of FXa Generation by TF:FVIIa on the Surface of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells - Connie L. Hall; Steven M. Slack; Vincent T. Turitto (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1998)

The effects of water table manipulation and elevated temperature on the net CO 2 flux of wet sedge tundra ecosystems - Walter C. Oechel; George L. Vourlitis; Steven J. Hastings; Richard P. Ault; Pablo Bryant (Global Change Biology, 1998)
In situ manipulations were conducted in a naturally drained lake on the arctic coastal plain near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (70 °21.98′ N, 148 °33.72′ W) to assess the potential short‐term effects of decreased water table and elevated temperature on net ecosystem CO 2 flux. The experiments were conducted over a 2‐year period, and during that time, water table depth of drained plots was maintained on average 7 cm lower than the ambient water table, and surface temperatures of plots exposed to elevated temperature were increased on average 0.5 °C. Water table drainage, and to a lesser extent elevated temperature, resulted in significant increases in ecosystem respiration (ER) rates, and only small and variable changes in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). As a result, drained plots were net sources of ≈ 40 gC m –2 season –1 over both years of manipulation, while control plots were net sinks of atmospheric CO 2 of about 10 gC m –2 season –1 (growing season length was an estimated 125 days). Control plots exposed to elevated temperatures accumulated slightly more carbon than control plots exposed to ambient temperatures. The direct effects of elevated temperature on net CO 2 flux, ER, and GEP were small, however, elevated temperature appeared to interact with drainage to exacerbate the amount of net carbon loss. These data suggest that many currently saturated or nearly saturated wet sedge ecosystems of the north slope of Alaska may become significant sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere if climate change predictions of increased evapotranspiration and reduced soil water status are realized. There is ample evidence that this may be already occurring in arctic Alaska, as a change in net carbon balance has been observed for both tussock and wet‐sedge tundra ecosystems over the last 2–3 decades, which coincides with a recent increase in surface temperature and an associated decrease in soil water content. In contrast, if precipitation increases relatively more than evapotranspiration, then increases in soil moisture content will likely result in greater carbon accumulation.

Effects of Enantiomeric Blend of Verbenone on Response ofIps paraconfusus to Naturally Produced Aggregation Pheromone in the Laboratory - Linda J. McPheron; Steven J. Seybold; Andrew J. Storer; David L. Wood; Toshikazu Ohtsuka; Isao Kubo (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1997)

s of papers presented at the 81st annual meeting of The Potato Association of America Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada August 3 – 7, 1997 - S. T. Ali-Khan; C. Hetner; L. Ladislav; V. Currie; Walter J. Arsenault; A. Naseer Aziz; Janet E. A. Seabrook; George C. C. Tai; J. B. Bamberg; Alfonso H. del Rio; Max Martin; J. B. Bamberg; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 1997)

Myostatin maps to the interval containing the bovine mh locus - Timothy P.L. Smith; Nestor L. Lopez-Corrales; Steven M. Kappes; Tad S. Sonstegard (Mammalian Genome, 1997)

Comparative mapping of human Chromosome 2 identifies segments of conserved synteny near the bovine mh locus - Tad S. Sonstegard; Nestor L. Lopez-Corrales; Steven M. Kappes; Craig W. Beattie; Timothy P.L. Smith (Mammalian Genome, 1997)

Light-/dark-induced changes in rhabdom structure in the retina of Octopus bimaculoides - Steven C. Torres; Jose L. Camacho; Brian Matsumoto; Richard T. Kuramoto; Laura J. Robles (Cell and Tissue Research, 1997)

Activated charcoal does not catalyze sucrose hydrolysis in tissue culture media during autoclaving - Steven R. Wann; Robert L. Veazey; Jacqueline Kaphammer (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 1997)

Typical Frankia infect actinorhizal plants exotic to New Zealand - Michael L. Clawson; David R. Benson; Steven C. Resch; David W. Stephens; Warwick B. Silvester (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1997)
Frankia strains are actinomycetes that fix N 2 in root nodules of plants classified in eight families of the Angiospermae. The wide variety of plants infected has raised questions about the ecology and diversity of Frankia symbionts, and their co‐evolution with actinorhizal plants. Partial sequencing was done of the small subunit (16S) rRNA gene from Frankia endophytes present in the root nodules of Alnus cordata , A. glutinosa , A. viridis , Casuarina equisetifolia, Coriaria arborea, C. plumosa , and Elaeagnus pungens growing in New Zealand. With the exceptions of the Coriaria spp., all of the plants are exotic to New Zealand. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates that the exotic species were nodulated by Frankia strains that cluster with strain groups previously shown to be typical for each actinorhizal host. Frankia in 12 native Coriaria spp. nodules yielded two sequences differing in only one position, suggesting a relatively low diversity compared with the exotic species.

Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Plumes from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Oil Fields - Steven B. Brooks; Timothy L. Crawford; Walter C. Oechel (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1997)

Estimation of wind-forced internal seiche amplitudes in lakes and reservoirs, with data from British Columbia, Canada - Craig L. Stevens; Gregory A. Lawrence (Aquatic Sciences, 1997)

Improved diffusion methods for determination of inorganic nitrogen in soil extracts and water - R. L. Mulvaney; S. A. Khan; W. B. Stevens; C. S. Mulvaney (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1997)

Anchoring of bovine chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 10, and 14 linkage group telomeric ends via FISH analysis of lambda clones - Timothy P. L. Smith; Nestor Lopez-Corrales; Michael D. Grosz; Craig W. Beattie; Steven M. Kappes (Mammalian Genome, 1997)

evaluation of a measurement method for forest vegetation in a large-scale ecological survey - MARTIN A. STAPANIAN; STEVEN P. CLINE; DAVID L. CASSELL (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1997)