Bromoform production from seawater treated with bromoperoxidase - Chia Yu Lin; Steven L. Manley (Limnology and Oceanography, 2012)
Bromoform (CHBr 3 ; 11–486 fmol L −1 h −1 ), dibromomethane (CH 2 Br 2 ; 0–9.4 fmol L −1 h −1 ), and low amounts of chloride‐substituted chlorobromomethanes were produced from southern California coastal surface seawater upon the addition of algal bromoperoxidase (BrPO) and hydrogen peroxide. Production was greater from water collected near shore than 16 km offshore, presumably reflecting the difference in the reactive dissolved organic matter (DOM react ) concentrations. In the spring, there was an increase in phytoplankton abundance, and CHBr 3 production from BrPO incubations was greater, presumably due to increased DOM react . In the winter, CH 2 Br 2 production was enhanced, although still lower than CHBr 3 , suggesting a qualitative change in DOM composition due to terrestrial runoff. During the month of the highest precipitation, CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 production was enhanced in samples obtained from the mouth of an urban river, suggesting a higher concentration of DOM react of terrestrial origins. DOM was fractionated by ultrafiltration and subject to the BrPO incubation. The higher molecular weight fractions contained a higher concentration of DOM that was susceptible to BrPO bromination, yielding polybromomethanes. Polybromomethane and iodomethane production associated with phytoplankton blooms results from the reaction between the surrounding DOM, and hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypoiodous acid released from extracellular (apoplastic) BrPO. The reaction of HOBr and DOM (biological bleaching) could represent a significant DOM degradation pathway. Cell‐free BrPO, derived from dead cells, could remain catalytically active in seawater and produce low amounts of polyhalomethanes prior to biological degradation.

Controls on Ecosystem Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Short- and Long-Hydroperiod Florida Everglades Freshwater Marshes - Jessica L. Schedlbauer; Jay W. Munyon; Steven F. Oberbauer; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Gregory Starr (Wetlands, 2012)

The diversity outbred mouse population - Gary A. Churchill; Daniel M. Gatti; Steven C. Munger; Karen L. Svenson (Mammalian Genome, 2012)

A suggested new bacteriophage genus: “Viunalikevirus” - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann; Hany Anany; Bob Blasdel; Ian F. Connerton; David Goulding; Mansel W. Griffiths; Steven P. Hooton; Elizabeth M. Kutter; Andrew M. Kropinski; Ju-Hoon Lee; Martine Maes; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2012)
We suggest a bacteriophage genus, “Viunalikevirus”, as a new genus within the family Myoviridae . To date, this genus includes seven sequenced members: Salmonella phages ViI, SFP10 and ΦSH19; Escherichia phages CBA120 and PhaxI; Shigella phage phiSboM-AG3; and Dickeya phage LIMEstone1. Their shared myovirus morphology, with comparable head sizes and tail dimensions, and genome organization are considered distinguishing features. They appear to have conserved regulatory sequences, a horizontally acquired tRNA set and the probable substitution of an alternate base for thymine in the DNA. A close examination of the tail spike region in the DNA revealed four distinct tail spike proteins, an arrangement which might lead to the umbrella-like structures of the tails visible on electron micrographs. These properties set the suggested genus apart from the recently ratified subfamily Tevenvirinae , although a significant evolutionary relationship can be observed.

Methods for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in aqueous environments - Justina M. Burns; William J. Cooper; John L. Ferry; D. Whitney King; Brian P. DiMento; Kristopher McNeill; Christopher J. Miller; William L. Miller; Barrie M. Peake; Steven A. Rusak; Andrew L. Rose; T. David Waite (Aquatic Sciences, 2012)

Connectivity of Pore Space as a Control on Two-Phase Flow Properties of Tight-Gas Sandstones - Maryam A. Mousavi; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2012)

2,3-Hexanediols as Sex Attractants and a Female-produced Sex Pheromone for Cerambycid Beetles in the Prionine Genus Tragosoma - Ann M. Ray; James D. Barbour; J. Steven McElfresh; Jardel A. Moreira; Ian Swift; Ian M. Wright; Alenka Žunič; Robert F. Mitchell; Elizabeth E. Graham; Ronald L. Alten; Jocelyn G. Millar; Lawrence M. Hanks (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012)

Comparative Historical Demography of Migratory and Nonmigratory Birds from the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola - Anna L. Fahey; Robert E. Ricklefs; Steven C. Latta; J. Andrew DeWoody (Evolutionary Biology, 2012)

Effect of Sampling Volume on Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)-Emitted Aerosol Aerodynamic Particle Size Distributions (APSDs) Measured by the Next-Generation Pharmaceutical Impactor (NGI) and the Andersen Eight-Stage Cascade Impactor (ACI) - Hlack Mohammed; Daryl L. Roberts; Mark Copley; Mark Hammond; Steven C. Nichols; Jolyon P. Mitchell (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012)

Incorporating clonal growth form clarifies the role of plant height in response to nitrogen addition - Laura Gough; Katherine L. Gross; Elsa E. Cleland; Christopher M. Clark; Scott L. Collins; Joseph E. Fargione; Steven C. Pennings; Katharine N. Suding (Oecologia, 2012)

Plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort - Eric J. Jacobs; Victoria L. Stevens; Christina C. Newton; Susan M. Gapstur (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

Homoeology of Thinopyrum junceum and Elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the Thinopyrum and Elymus chromosomes in wheat - Rachel I. McArthur; Xianwen Zhu; Rebekah E. Oliver; Daryl L. Klindworth; Steven S. Xu; Robert W. Stack; Richard R.-C. Wang; Xiwen Cai (Chromosome Research, 2012)

Ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp diversity and discovery of new taxa in Dicymbe monodominant forests of the Guiana Shield - Terry W. Henkel; M. Catherine Aime; Mimi M. L. Chin; Steven L. Miller; Rytas Vilgalys; Matthew E. Smith (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012)

Interaction Between Sex and Apolipoprotein E Genetic Background in a Murine Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage - Beilei Lei; Brian Mace; Steven T. Bellows; Patrick M. Sullivan; Michael P. Vitek; Daniel T. Laskowitz; Michael L. James (Translational Stroke Research, 2012)

TOMM40 in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Comparative Genetic Analysis with Alzheimer’s Disease - Valerie Valant; Brendan T. Keenan; Christopher D. Anderson; Joshua M. Shulman; William J. Devan; Alison M. Ayres; Kristin Schwab; Joshua N. Goldstein; Anand Viswanathan; Steven M. Greenberg; David A. Bennett; Philip L. De Jager; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2012)

The association of diabetes with breast cancer incidence and mortality in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project - Rebecca J. Cleveland; Kari E. North; June Stevens; Susan L. Teitelbaum; Alfred I. Neugut; Marilie D. Gammon (Cancer Causes & Control, 2012)

Environmental and ecological factors that shape the gut bacterial communities of fish: a meta‐analysis - KAREN E. SULLAM; STEVEN D. ESSINGER; CATHERINE A. LOZUPONE; MICHAEL P. O’CONNOR; GAIL L. ROSEN; ROB KNIGHT; SUSAN S. KILHAM; JACOB A. RUSSELL (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Symbiotic bacteria often help their hosts acquire nutrients from their diet, showing trends of co‐evolution and independent acquisition by hosts from the same trophic levels. While these trends hint at important roles for biotic factors, the effects of the abiotic environment on symbiotic community composition remain comparably understudied. In this investigation, we examined the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the gut bacterial communities of fish from different taxa, trophic levels and habitats. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of 25 16S rRNA libraries revealed that salinity, trophic level and possibly host phylogeny shape the composition of fish gut bacteria. When analysed alongside bacterial communities from other environments, fish gut communities typically clustered with gut communities from mammals and insects. Similar consideration of individual phylotypes (vs. communities) revealed evolutionary ties between fish gut microbes and symbionts of animals, as many of the bacteria from the guts of herbivorous fish were closely related to those from mammals. Our results indicate that fish harbour more specialized gut communities than previously recognized. They also highlight a trend of convergent acquisition of similar bacterial communities by fish and mammals, raising the possibility that fish were the first to evolve symbioses resembling those found among extant gut fermenting mammals.

Internal waves downstream of Norfolk Ridge, western Pacific, and their biophysical implications - Craig L. Stevens; Philip J. H. Sutton; Cliff S. Law N (Limnology and Oceanography, 2012)
An 11‐d quasi‐Lagrangian surface layer experiment to the east of Norfolk Island tracked a 140‐m‐deep drifting vertical array (DVA) of instruments, including conductivity sensors, thermistors, and current meters. These are the first in situ data from the area to measure large‐amplitude internal waves. The observations show isotherm peak‐to‐peak excursions reaching 50 m and were dominated by the semidiurnal forcing frequency. The DVA exhibited horizontal loops at the semidiurnal tidal frequency as it tracked water at depths of 80‐140 m to within 10% of total horizontal displacement. The large vertical isotherm excursions generated substantial vertical shear. Temperature microstructure estimates of the vertical diffusivity of scalar properties at 70‐m depth, around the center of the thermocline, were on the order of 10 −4 m 2 s −1 and around an order of magnitude larger at shallower depths. When combined with nitrate data, this implies vertical fluxes of nitrate in the pycnocline of ∼ 1 mmol m −2 d −1 . The internal waves also potentially cause an interaction between the variability in tidal forcing and the diurnal radiation cycle that influences chlorophyll in the deep chlorophyll maximum. The average effect of the internal wave was to increase the light level for a particular isotherm over the static case. The internal wave‐induced velocities were strong enough to dominate phytoplankton rise speeds and so potentially played a role in the formation and persistence of an observed Trichodesmium bloom.

Response of dominant grass and shrub species to water manipulation: an ecophysiological basis for shrub invasion in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland - Heather L. Throop; Lara G. Reichmann; Osvaldo E. Sala; Steven R. Archer (Oecologia, 2012)

A Multi-Mineral Natural Product Inhibits Liver Tumor Formation in C57BL/6 Mice - Muhammad N. Aslam; Ingrid Bergin; Madhav Naik; Anna Hampton; Ron Allen; Steven L. Kunkel; Howard Rush; James Varani (Biological Trace Element Research, 2012)

Metabolic syndrome in mice induced by expressing a transcriptional activator in adipose tissue - Liwen Zhang; Yuchen Zhou; Amber Ying Zhu; Xiang-qing Li; Steven S. Mundt; Ling Gao; JeanMarie Lisnock; Melba Hernandez; Magdalena Alonso-Galicia; Martin S. Springer; Edward A. O’Neill; Bruce L. Daugherty; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2012)

Immunomodulatory and Physical Effects of Phospholipid Composition in Vaccine Adjuvant Emulsions - Christopher B. Fox; Susan L. Baldwin; Malcolm S. Duthie; Steven G. Reed; Thomas S. Vedvick (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012)

Use of Data on Avian Demographics and Site Persistence during Overwintering to Assess Quality of Restored Riparian Habitat - STEVEN C. LATTA; CHRISTINE A. HOWELL; MARK D. DETTLING; RENÉE L. CORMIER (Conservation Biology, 2012)
Monitoring responses by birds to restoration of riparian vegetation is relatively cost‐effective, but in most assessments species‐specific abundances, not demography, are monitored. Data on birds collected during the nonbreeding season are particularly lacking. We captured birds in mist nets and resighted banded birds to estimate species richness and diversity, abundance, demographic indexes, and site‐level persistence of permanent‐resident and overwintering migrants in remnant and restored riparian sites in California. Species richness in riparian remnants was significantly higher than in restored sites because abundances of uncommon permanent residents were greater in remnants. Species richness of overwintering migrants did not differ between remnants and restored sites. Responses among overwintering migrants (but not permanent residents) to remnant and restored riparian sites differed. Capture rates were higher in remnant or restored riparian sites for 7 of 10 overwintering migratory species. For Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) and White‐crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) proportions of older birds were significantly higher in remnants, even though capture rates of these species were higher in restored sites. Overwinter persistence of 4 migrant species was significantly higher in remnant than in restored sites. A higher proportion of Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus, 56.3%), older Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca, 57.1%), Lincoln's Sparrows (59.7%), and White‐crowned Sparrows (67.8%) persisted in remnants than restored sites. Our results suggest restored riparian sites provide habitat for a wide variety of species in comparable abundances and diversity as occurs in remnant riparian sites. Our demographic and persistence data showed that remnants supported some species and age classes to a greater extent than restored sites.

Anomalous Reactive Transport in the Framework of the Theory of Chromatography - Valentina Prigiobbe; Marc A. Hesse; Steven L. Bryant (Transport in Porous Media, 2012)

Comparative biology of different plant pathogens to estimate effects of climate change on crop diseases in Europe - Jon S. West; James A. Townsend; Mark Stevens; Bruce D. L. Fitt (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012)

Genetic features of cerebrospinal fluid-derived subtype B HIV-1 tat - Jun Yong Choi; George K. Hightower; Joseph K. Wong; Robert Heaton; Steven Woods; Igor Grant; Thomas D. Marcotte; Ronald J. Ellis; Scott L. Letendre; Ann C. Collier; Christina M. Marra; David B. Clifford; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2012)

Seasonal carbon dynamics and water fluxes in an A mazon rainforest - Yeonjoo Kim; Ryan G. Knox; Marcos Longo; David Medvigy; Lucy R. Hutyra; Elizabeth H. Pyle; Steven C. Wofsy; Rafael L. Bras; Paul R. Moorcroft (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Satellite‐based observations indicate that seasonal patterns in canopy greenness and productivity in the A mazon are negatively correlated with precipitation, with increased greenness occurring during the dry months. Flux tower measurements indicate that the canopy greening that occurs during the dry season is associated with increases in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Land surface and terrestrial biosphere model simulations for the region have predicted the opposite of these observed patterns, with significant declines in greenness, NEP, and ET during the dry season. In this study, we address this issue mainly by developing an empirically constrained, light‐controlled phenology submodel within the E cosystem D emography model version 2 ( ED2 ). The constrained ED2 model with a suite of field observations shows markedly improved predictions of seasonal ecosystem dynamics, more accurately capturing the observed patterns of seasonality in water, carbon, and litter fluxes seen at the T apajos N ational F orest, B razil (2.86° S , 54.96° W ). Long‐term simulations indicate that this light‐controlled phenology increases the resilience of A mazon forest NEP to interannual variability in climate forcing.

In Vitro Perfused Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) Tails: A Potential Model for Studying Post-Harvest Tissue Chemistry and Metabolism in Valuable Fish Tissues - Nicholas P. L. Tuckey; Gerard J. A. Janssen; Malcolm E. Forster; Steven P. Gieseg (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2012)

Post-Marquette discharge from Glacial Lake Agassiz into the Superior basin - Jessica L. Gary; Steven M. Colman; Nigel J. Wattrus; C. F. M. Lewis (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2012)

SLC39A2 and FSIP1 polymorphisms as potential modifiers of arsenic-related bladder cancer - Margaret R. Karagas; Angeline S. Andrew; Heather H. Nelson; Zhongze Li; Tracy Punshon; Alan Schned; Carmen J. Marsit; J. Steven Morris; Jason H. Moore; Anna L. Tyler; Diane Gilbert-Diamond; Mary-Lou Guerinot; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Mercury in non-breeding sparrows of North Carolina salt marshes - Virginia L. Winder; Steven D. Emslie (Ecotoxicology, 2012)

Soil Coverage Reduces Photodegradation and Promotes the Development of Soil-Microbial Films on Dryland Leaf Litter - Paul W. Barnes; Heather L. Throop; Daniel B. Hewins; Michele L. Abbene; Steven R. Archer (Ecosystems, 2012)

Amyloid pathway-based candidate gene analysis of [11C]PiB-PET in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort - Shanker Swaminathan; Li Shen; Shannon L. Risacher; Karmen K. Yoder; John D. West; Sungeun Kim; Kwangsik Nho; Tatiana Foroud; Mark Inlow; Steven G. Potkin; Matthew J. Huentelman; David W. Craig; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2012)

Genotypic Differences and Prior Defoliation Affect Re-Growth and Phytochemistry after Coppicing in Populus tremuloides - Michael T. Stevens; Adam C. Gusse; Richard L. Lindroth (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012)

Rapid Biomass Quality Determination of Corn Stover Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy - Patrick T. Murphy; Kenneth J. Moore; D. Raj Raman; Robert P. Anex; Steven L. Fales (BioEnergy Research, 2012)

Connectivity of Caribbean coral populations: complementary insights from empirical and modelled gene flow - NICOLA L. FOSTER; CLAIRE B. PARIS; JOHNATHAN T. KOOL; ILIANA B. BAUMS; JAMIE R. STEVENS; JUAN A. SANCHEZ; CAROLINA BASTIDAS; CLAUDIA AGUDELO; PHILLIPPE BUSH; OWEN DAY; RENATA FERRARI; PATRICIA GONZALEZ; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
Understanding patterns of connectivity among populations of marine organisms is essential for the development of realistic, spatially explicit models of population dynamics. Two approaches, empirical genetic patterns and oceanographic dispersal modelling, have been used to estimate levels of evolutionary connectivity among marine populations but rarely have their potentially complementary insights been combined. Here, a spatially realistic Lagrangian model of larval dispersal and a theoretical genetic model are integrated with the most extensive study of gene flow in a Caribbean marine organism. The 871 genets collected from 26 sites spread over the wider Caribbean subsampled 45.8% of the 1900 potential unique genets in the model. At a coarse scale, significant consensus between modelled estimates of genetic structure and empirical genetic data for populations of the reef‐building coral Montastraea annularis is observed. However, modelled and empirical data differ in their estimates of connectivity among northern Mesoamerican reefs indicating that processes other than dispersal may dominate here. Further, the geographic location and porosity of the previously described east–west barrier to gene flow in the Caribbean is refined. A multi‐prong approach, integrating genetic data and spatially realistic models of larval dispersal and genetic projection, provides complementary insights into the processes underpinning population connectivity in marine invertebrates on evolutionary timescales.

Limited recruitment during relaxation events: Larval advection and behavior in an upwelling system - Steven G. Morgan; Jennifer L. Fisher; Skyli T. McAfee; John L. Largier; Chris M. Halle (Limnology and Oceanography, 2012)
We capitalized on a long‐term record of larval recruitment and a distinctive oceanographic signature to reveal how changes in ocean conditions affect larval advection, behavior, and recruitment in a region of strong, persistent upwelling and recruitment limitation. We repeatedly sampled the vertical and horizontal distribution of a larval assemblage and ocean conditions during infrequent relaxations of prevailing upwelling winds near Bodega Bay, California. During prolonged relaxation events, a poleward, coastal, boundary current imported low‐salinity surface waters that were devoid of larvae to the study area. The resident larval assemblage was restricted to cold, saline, bottom waters and pushed offshore while diel vertical migrations were suppressed. Hence, changes in oceanographic conditions strongly affected behaviorally mediated larval distributions, revealing the reason that few species recruit during relaxation events in this region. During relaxation events in upwelling regions, poleward coastal boundary currents will force larvae offshore throughout the water column at small headlands and in seaward‐flowing bottom currents at straight coastlines, but recruitment may decrease markedly only near estuaries where few larvae will arrive in low‐salinity surface waters. Targeted profiling of larval assemblages complements widespread monitoring of recruitment from shore and is necessary to determine how changing ocean conditions affect larval distributions, recruitment dynamics, and the connectivity of populations.

Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N ‐fertilization in two temperate forests - Madeleine M. Stone; Marissa S. Weiss; Christine L. Goodale; Mary Beth Adams; Ivan J. Fernandez; Donovan P. German; Steven D. Allison (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Soil microbes produce extracellular enzymes that degrade carbon ( C )‐containing polymers in soil organic matter. Because extracellular enzyme activities may be sensitive to both increased nitrogen ( N ) and temperature change, we measured the effect of long‐term N addition and short‐term temperature variation on enzyme kinetics in soils from hardwood forests at B ear B rook, M aine, and F ernow F orest, W est V irginia. We determined the V max and K m parameters for five hydrolytic enzymes: α ‐glucosidase, β ‐glucosidase, β ‐xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and N ‐ acetyl‐glucosaminidase. Temperature sensitivities of V max and K m were assessed within soil samples subjected to a range of temperatures. We hypothesized that (1) N additions would cause microbial C limitation, leading to higher enzyme V max values and lower K m values; and (2) both V max and K m would increase at higher temperatures. Finally, we tested whether or not temperature sensitivity of enzyme kinetics is mediated by N addition. Nitrogen addition significantly or marginally significantly increased V max values for all enzymes, particularly at F ernow. Nitrogen fertilization led to significantly lower K m values for all enzymes at B ear B rook, but variable K m responses at F ernow F orest. Both V max and K m were temperature sensitive, with Q 10 values ranging from 1.64–2.27 for enzyme V max and 1.04–1.93 for enzyme K m . No enzyme showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for V max , and only β ‐xylosidase showed a significant interaction between N and temperature sensitivity for K m . Our study is the first to experimentally demonstrate a positive relationship between K m and temperature for soil enzymes. Higher temperature sensitivities for V max relative to K m imply that substrate degradation will increase with temperature. In addition, the V max and K m responses to N indicate greater substrate degradation under N addition. Our results suggest that increasing temperatures and N availability in forests of the northeastern US will lead to increased hydrolytic enzyme activity, despite the positive temperature sensitivity of K m .

Meta-analysis of new genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer risk - Ulrike Peters; Carolyn M. Hutter; Li Hsu; Fredrick R. Schumacher; David V. Conti; Christopher S. Carlson; Christopher K. Edlund; Robert W. Haile; Steven Gallinger; Brent W. Zanke; Mathieu Lemire; Jagadish Rangrej; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

(R)-Desmolactone, A Female-produced Sex Pheromone Component of the Cerambycid Beetle Desmocerus californicus californicus (subfamily Lepturinae) - Ann M. Ray; Ian P. Swift; J. Steven McElfresh; Ronald L. Alten; Jocelyn G. Millar (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012)

Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time - Sarah C. Elmendorf; Gregory H. R. Henry; Robert D. Hollister; Robert G. Björk; Anne D. Bjorkman; Terry V. Callaghan; Laura Siegwart Collier; Elisabeth J. Cooper; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Thomas A. Day; Anna Maria Fosaa; William A. Gould; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2012)
Ecology Letters (2011) Abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site‐specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short‐term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long‐term warming on tundra vegetation – and associated ecosystem consequences – have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date.

Acer rubrum (red maple) growth is negatively affected by soil from forest stands dominated by its invasive congener (Acer platanoides, Norway maple) - Shannon L. Galbraith-Kent; Steven N. Handel (Plant Ecology, 2012)

Establishment and dominance of an introduced herbivore has limited impact on native host-parasitoid food webs - Laura L. Timms; Steven C. Walker; Sandy M. Smith (Biological Invasions, 2012)

Metacommunity analysis of Mexican bats: environmentally mediated structure in an area of high geographic and environmental complexity - Celia López‐González; Steven J. Presley; Abraham Lozano; Richard D. Stevens; Christopher L. Higgins (Journal of Biogeography, 2012)
Aim We tested the hypothesis that distributions of Mexican bats are defined by shared responses to environmental gradients for the entire Mexican bat metacommunity and for each of four metaensembles (frugivores, nectarivores, gleaning insectivores, and aerial insectivores). Further, we identified the main environmental factors to which bats respond for multiple spatial extents. Location Mexico. Methods Using bat presence–absence data, as well as vegetation composition for each of 31 sites, we analysed metacommunity structure via a comprehensive, hierarchical approach that uses reciprocal averaging (RA) to detect latent environmental gradients corresponding to each metacommunity structure (e.g. Clementsian, Gleasonian, nested, random). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to relate such gradients to variation in vegetation composition. Results For all bat species and for each ensemble, the primary gradient of ordination from RA, which is based on species data only, recovered an axis of humidity that matched that obtained for the first axis of the CCA ordination, which is based both on vegetation attributes and on species composition of sites. For the complete assemblage as well as for aerial and gleaning insectivores, analyses revealed Clementsian or quasi‐Clementsian structures with discrete compartments (distinctive groups of species along portions of an environmental gradient) coincident with the humidity gradient and with the Nearctic–Neotropical divide. Within‐compartment analysis further revealed Clementsian or quasi‐Clementsian structures corresponding to a gradient of elevational complexity that matched the second ordination axis in CCA. Frugivores had quasi‐nested structure, whereas nectarivores had Gleasonian structure. Main conclusions Our hierarchical approach to metacommunity analysis detected complex metacommunity structures associated with multiple environmental gradients at different spatial extents. More importantly, the resulting structures and their extent along environmental gradients are determined by ensemble‐specific characteristics and not by arbitrarily circumscribed study areas. This property renders compartment‐level analyses particularly useful for large‐scale ecological analyses in areas where more than one gradient may exist and species sorting may occur at multiple scales.

Palynoflora of the late Paleocene silicified shale at Almont, North Dakota, USA - Reinhard Zetter; Michael J. Farabee; Kathleen B. Pigg; Steven R. Manchester; Melanie L. DeVore; Michael D. Nowak (Palynology, 2011)

Gene Expression Profiling of Blood in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients - Shantel M. Weinsheimer; Huichun Xu; Achal S. Achrol; Boryana Stamova; Charles E. McCulloch; Ludmila Pawlikowska; Yingfang Tian; Nerissa U. Ko; Michael T. Lawton; Gary K. Steinberg; Steven D. Chang; Glen Jickling; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2011)

Preclinical assessment of an adjunctive treatment approach for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia using the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist WYE-103914/SEN34625 - Karen L. Marquis; Thomas A. Comery; Flora Jow; Rachel L. Navarra; Steven M. Grauer; Claudine Pulicicchio; Cody Kelley; Julie A. Brennan; Renza Roncarati; Carla Scali; Simon Haydar; Chiara Ghiron; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

A 36Cl age determination for Mystery Creek rock avalanche and its implications in the context of hazard assessment, British Columbia, Canada - Andrée Blais-Stevens; Reginald L. Hermanns; Courtney Jermyn (Landslides, 2011)

Attribute-Based Design Space: Materials-Science-Based Quality-By-Design for Operational Flexibility and Process Portability - James N. Michaels; Holly Bonsignore; Buffy L. Hudson-Curtis; Steven Laurenz; Hung-Ren Homer Lin; Thomas Mathai; Girish Pande; Ashlesh Sheth; Omar Sprockel (Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 2011)

Probability sampling of stony coral populations in the Florida Keys - Steven G. Smith; Dione W. Swanson; Mark Chiappone; Steven L. Miller; Jerald S. Ault (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011)

The Effects of Combinatorial Treatments With Stress Inducing Molecules on Growth of E. coli Colonies - Steven L. Middler; Salvador Gomez; Christapher D. Parker; Peter M. Palenchar (Current Microbiology, 2011)

VP16 serine 375 is a critical determinant of herpes simplex virus exit from latency in vivo - Nancy M. Sawtell; Steven J. Triezenberg; Richard L. Thompson (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Time–space radiometric normalization of TM/ETM+ images for land cover change detection - Lloyd L. Coulter; Allen S. Hope; Douglas A. Stow; Christopher D. Lippitt; Steven J. Lathrop (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011)

Identification and molecular mapping of two QTLs with major effects for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat - Chenggen Chu; Zhixia Niu; Shaobin Zhong; Shiaoman Chao; Timothy L. Friesen; Scott Halley; Elias M. Elias; Yanhong Dong; Justin D. Faris; Steven S. Xu (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011)

Macroecology of high-elevation myxomycete assemblages in the northern Neotropics - Carlos Rojas; Steven L. Stephenson; Gary R. Huxel (Mycological Progress, 2011)

Positive Effects of Language Treatment for the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia - Pélagie M. Beeson; Rachel M. King; Borna Bonakdarpour; Maya L. Henry; Hyesuk Cho; Steven Z. Rapcsak (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2011)

Haplotype structure in Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers - Kate M. Im; Tomas Kirchhoff; Xianshu Wang; Todd Green; Clement Y. Chow; Joseph Vijai; Joshua Korn; Mia M. Gaudet; Zachary Fredericksen; V. Shane Pankratz; Candace Guiducci; Andrew Crenshaw; et al. (Human Genetics, 2011)

Genetic and antigenic relationships of vesicular stomatitis viruses from South America - Steven J. Pauszek; Jose del C. Barrera; Tony Goldberg; Rossana Allende; Luis L. Rodriguez (Archives of Virology, 2011)

Some challenges of monitoring a potentially active volcanic field in a large urban area: Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand - Caroline L. Ashenden; Jan M. Lindsay; Steven Sherburn; Ian E. M. Smith; Craig A. Miller; Peter E. Malin (Natural Hazards, 2011)

Spatial ecology and residency patterns of adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) in coastal waters of The Bahamas - Amanda C. O’Toole; Andy J. Danylchuk; Tony L. Goldberg; Cory D. Suski; David P. Philipp; Edd Brooks; Steven J. Cooke (Marine Biology, 2011)

Identification of Yeast Associated with the Planthopper, Perkinsiella saccharicida: Potential Applications for Fiji Leaf Gall Control - Grant L. Hughes; Peter G. Allsopp; Richard I. Webb; Ryuichi Yamada; Inaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe; Stevens M. Brumbley; Scott L. O’Neill (Current Microbiology, 2011)

Individual Brain Maturity: From Electrophysiology to fMRI—Response - Nico U. F. Dosenbach; Steven E. Petersen; Bradley L. Schlaggar (Brain Topography, 2011)

Comparative hydraulic architecture of tropical tree species representing a range of successional stages and wood density - Katherine A. McCulloh; Frederick C. Meinzer; John S. Sperry; Barbara Lachenbruch; Steven L. Voelker; David R. Woodruff; Jean-Christophe Domec (Oecologia, 2011)

Aggregations and offshore movements as indicators of spawning activity of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in The Bahamas - Andy J. Danylchuk; Steven J. Cooke; Tony L. Goldberg; Cory D. Suski; Karen J. Murchie; Sascha E. Danylchuk; Aaron D. Shultz; Christopher R. Haak; Edd J. Brooks; Annabelle Oronti; Jeff B. Koppelman; David P. Philipp (Marine Biology, 2011)

Mycobiont overlap between two mycoheterotrophic genera of Monotropoideae (Pterospora andromedea and Sarcodes sanguinea) found in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem - Nicholas J. Dowie; Joshua J. Hemenway; Steven M. Trowbridge; Steven L. Miller (Symbiosis, 2011)

Effects of the delta-opioid agonist SNC80 on the abuse liability of methadone in rhesus monkeys: a behavioral economic analysis - Matthew L. Banks; Peter G. Roma; John E. Folk; Kenner C. Rice; S. Stevens Negus (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

High-resolution computational fluid dynamics modelling of suspended shellfish structures - S. Delaux; C. L. Stevens; S. Popinet (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2011)

Determinants of Work Hours Among a Cohort of Male and Female Farmers 50 Years and Older in Kentucky and South Carolina (2002–2005) - Jennifer L. Marcum; Steven R. Browning; Deborah B. Reed; Richard J. Charnigo (Journal of Agromedicine, 2011)

Simulation of the Hurricane Dennis storm surge and considerations for vertical resolution - Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy; Steven L. Morey (Natural Hazards, 2011)

Behavioral economics of food reinforcement and the effects of prefeeding, extinction, and eticlopride in dopamine D2 receptor mutant mice - Paul L. Soto; David K. Grandy; Steven R. Hursh; Jonathan L. Katz (Psychopharmacology, 2011)

Stability of a Therapeutic Layer of Immobilized Recombinant Human Tropoelastin on a Plasma-Activated Coated Surface - Anna Waterhouse; Daniel V. Bax; Steven G. Wise; Yongbai Yin; Louise L. Dunn; Giselle C. Yeo; Martin K. C. Ng; Marcela M. M. Bilek; Anthony S. Weiss (Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)

Alpine Russet: A Potato Cultivar Having Long Tuber Dormancy Making it Suitable for Processing from Long-term Storage - Jonathan L. Whitworth; Richard G. Novy; Jeffrey C. Stark; Joseph J. Pavek; Dennis L. Corsini; Steven L. Love; Nora Olsen; Sanjay K. Gupta; Tina Brandt; M. Isabel Vales; Alvin R. Mosley; Solomon Yilma; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 2011)

Stability and Broad-sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Zinc - Charles Raymond Brown; Kathleen G. Haynes; Martin Moore; Mark J. Pavek; Daniel C. Hane; Steven L. Love; Richard G. Novy; J. Creighton Miller (American Journal of Potato Research, 2011)

Flow and mixing near a glacier tongue: a pilot study - C. L. Stevens; C. L. Stewart; N. J. Robinson; M. J. M. Williams; T. G. Haskell (Ocean Science, 2011)
A glacier tongue floating in the coastal ocean presents a significant obstacle to the local flow and so influences oceanic mixing and transport processes. Here acoustic Doppler current profiler and shear microstructure observations very near to a glacier tongue side-wall capture flow accelerations and associated mixing. Flow speeds reached around 40 cm s−1, twice that of the ambient tidal flow amplitude, and generated vertical velocity shear squared as large as 10−5 s−2. During the time of maximum flow, turbulent energy dissipation rates reached 10−5 m2 s−3, around three decades greater than local background levels. This is in keeping with estimates of the gradient Richardson Number which dropped to ~1 during maximum flow. Associated vertical diffusivities estimated from the shear microstructure results were substantial, reflecting the influence of the glacier on velocity gradients.

Antibiotic Resistance, Gene Transfer, and Water Quality Patterns Observed in Waterways near CAFO Farms and Wastewater Treatment Facilities - Bridgett M. West; Peggy Liggit; Daniel L. Clemans; Steven N. Francoeur (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011)

Feature Extraction Techniques for Measuring Piñon and Juniper Tree Cover and Density, and Comparison with Field-Based Management Surveys - Matthew D. Madsen; Daniel L. Zvirzdin; Bracken D. Davis; Steven L. Petersen; Bruce A. Roundy (Environmental Management, 2011)

Spatial patterns of wilting in sugar beet as an indicator for precision irrigation - L. Zhang; M. L. Clarke; M. D. Steven; K. W. Jaggard (Precision Agriculture, 2011)

Seasonal, altitudinal and host plant-related variation in the abundance of aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera) on sub-Antarctic Marion Island - Shallin Abraham; Michael J. Somers; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2011)

Glucosinolate content and nematicidal activity of Brazilian wild mustard tissues against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato - Rosângela D. L. Oliveira; Onkar D. Dhingra; André O. Lima; Gulab N. Jham; Mark A. Berhow; Ray K. Holloway; Steven F. Vaughn (Plant and Soil, 2011)

Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth - Seema Mangla; Roger L. Sheley; Jeremy J. James; Steven R. Radosevich (Plant Ecology, 2011)

Frozen State Storage Instability of a Monoclonal Antibody: Aggregation as a Consequence of Trehalose Crystallization and Protein Unfolding - Satish K. Singh; Parag Kolhe; Anjali P. Mehta; Steven C. Chico; Alanta L. Lary; Min Huang (Pharmaceutical Research, 2011)

Phylogeographic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA supports subspecies designations in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) - Joshua M. Miller; Sara Hallager; Steven L. Monfort; John Newby; Kelley Bishop; Scott A. Tidmus; Peter Black; Bill Houston; Conrad A. Matthee; Robert C. Fleischer (Conservation Genetics, 2011)

Postdiagnosis diet quality, the combination of diet quality and recreational physical activity, and prognosis after early-stage breast cancer - Stephanie M. George; Melinda L. Irwin; Ashley W. Smith; Marian L. Neuhouser; Jill Reedy; Anne McTiernan; Catherine M. Alfano; Leslie Bernstein; Cornelia M. Ulrich; Kathy B. Baumgartner; Steven C. Moore; Demetrius Albanes; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2011)

Global daily dynamics of the pineal transcriptome - Diego M. Bustos; Michael J. Bailey; David Sugden; David A. Carter; Martin F. Rath; Morten Møller; Steven L. Coon; Joan L. Weller; David C. Klein (Cell and Tissue Research, 2011)

Evidence for predatory control of the invasive round goby - Charles P. Madenjian; Martin A. Stapanian; Larry D. Witzel; Donald W. Einhouse; Steven A. Pothoven; Heather L. Whitford (Biological Invasions, 2011)

Random transposon mutagenesis of Verrucomicrobium spinosum DSM 4136T - Daryl B. Domman; Blaire T. Steven; Naomi L. Ward (Archives of Microbiology, 2011)

An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish - Richard S. Brown; M. Brad Eppard; Karen J. Murchie; Jennifer L. Nielsen; Steven J. Cooke (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2011)

Advancing the surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish: a gap analysis and research agenda based on a review of trends in intracoelomic tagging effects studies - Steven J. Cooke; Christa M. Woodley; M. Brad Eppard; Richard S. Brown; Jennifer L. Nielsen (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2011)

Incorporation of the red copper nitrosocyanin binding loop into blue copper azurin - Steven M. Berry; Erika L. Bladholm; Elise J. Mostad; Audrey R. Schenewerk (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2011)

Microsatellite standardization and evaluation of genotyping error in a large multi-partner research programme for conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) - J. S. Ellis; J. Gilbey; A. Armstrong; T. Balstad; E. Cauwelier; C. Cherbonnel; S. Consuegra; J. Coughlan; T. F. Cross; W. Crozier; E. Dillane; D. Ensing; et al. (Genetica, 2011)

Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE): dynamics and chemistry of the south Pacific tropical trade wind regime - Alan Bandy; Ian C. Faloona; Byron W. Blomquist; Barry J. Huebert; Antony D. Clarke; Steven G. Howell; R. L. Mauldin; Christopher A. Cantrell; James G. Hudson; Brian G. Heikes; John T. Merrill; Yuhang Wang; et al. (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2011)

Biogeochemical Processes on Tree Islands in the Greater Everglades: Initiating a New Paradigm - Paul R. Wetzel; Fred H. Sklar; Carlos A. Coronado; Tiffany G. Troxler; Steven L. Krupa; Pamela L. Sullivan; Sharon Ewe; René M. Price; Susan Newman; William H. Orem (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Isolation and Characterization of the CYP2D6 Gene in Felidae with Comparison to Other Mammals - Tamara Schenekar; Kathrin A. Winkler; Jennifer L. Troyer; Steven Weiss (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2011)

Uncovering hidden variance: pair-wise SNP analysis accounts for additional variance in nicotine dependence - Robert C. Culverhouse; Nancy L. Saccone; Jerry A. Stitzel; Jen C. Wang; Joseph H. Steinbach; Alison M. Goate; Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An; Richard A. Grucza; Victoria L. Stevens; Laura J. Bierut (Human Genetics, 2011)

Modeling the time-dependent response of the Asian summer monsoon to obliquity forcing in a coupled GCM: a PHASEMAP sensitivity experiment - Guang-Shan Chen; Zhengyu Liu; Steven C. Clemens; Warren L. Prell; Xiaodong Liu (Climate Dynamics, 2011)

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors - Robert K. Heaton; Donald R. Franklin; Ronald J. Ellis; J. Allen McCutchan; Scott L. Letendre; Shannon LeBlanc; Stephanie H. Corkran; Nichole A. Duarte; David B. Clifford; Steven P. Woods; Ann C. Collier; Christina M. Marra; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Successful cognitive aging in persons living with HIV infection - Lauren Malaspina; Steven Paul Woods; David J. Moore; Colin Depp; Scott L. Letendre; Dilip Jeste; Igor Grant (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

Genetic and functional heterogeneity of CNS-derived tat alleles from patients with HIV-associated dementia - Daniel Cowley; Lachlan R. Gray; Steven L. Wesselingh; Paul R. Gorry; Melissa J. Churchill (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

CD4 and MHC class 1 down-modulation activities of nef alleles from brain- and lymphoid tissue-derived primary HIV-1 isolates - Lachlan R. Gray; Dana Gabuzda; Daniel Cowley; Anne Ellett; Lisa Chiavaroli; Steven L. Wesselingh; Melissa J. Churchill; Paul R. Gorry (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

cis-Vaccenyl Acetate, A Female-Produced Sex Pheromone Component of Ortholeptura valida, A Longhorned Beetle in the Subfamily Lepturinae - Ann M. Ray; Alenka Žunič; Ronald L. Alten; J. Steven McElfresh; Lawrence M. Hanks; Jocelyn G. Millar (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2011)

Spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the contact behaviour of rabbits - Maija K. Marsh; Michael R. Hutchings; Steven R. McLeod; Piran C. L. White (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2011)

Variation in decomposition rates in the fynbos biome, South Africa: the role of plant species and plant stoichiometry - Jan Bengtsson; Charlene Janion; Steven L. Chown; Hans Petter Leinaas (Oecologia, 2011)

Up-regulation of histidine decarboxylase expression and histamine content in B16F10 murine melanoma cells - Steven C. Davis; Sheena Clark; J. Robert Hayes; Todd L. Green; Carl A. Gruetter (Inflammation Research, 2011)

Erratum to: Crystal growth during dike injection of MOR basaltic melts: evidence from preservation of local Sr disequilibria in plagioclase - Georg F. Zellmer; Kenneth H. Rubin; Peter Dulski; Yoshiyuki Iizuka; Steven L. Goldstein; Michael R. Perfit (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2011)

Crystal growth during dike injection of MOR basaltic melts: evidence from preservation of local Sr disequilibria in plagioclase - Georg F. Zellmer; Kenna H. Rubin; Peter Dulski; Yoshiyuki Iizuka; Steven L. Goldstein; Michael R. Perfit (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2011)

Microsatellite markers isolated from the Mexican banded spring snail Mexipyrgus churinceanus - Lyndon M. Coghill; Johel Chaves-Campos; Flor E. Espinoza; Stacey L. Lance; Travis C. Glenn; Steven G. Johnson (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2011)

Numerical, Hydraulic, and Hemolytic Evaluation of an Intravascular Axial Flow Blood Pump to Mechanically Support Fontan Patients - Amy L. Throckmorton; Jugal Y. Kapadia; Steven G. Chopski; Sonya S. Bhavsar; William B. Moskowitz; Scott D. Gullquist; James J. Gangemi; Christopher M. Haggerty; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

A Wireless System for Monitoring Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials - Aydin Farajidavar; Jennifer L. Seifert; Jennifer E. S. Bell; Young-Sik Seo; Mauricio R. Delgado; Steven Sparagana; Mario I. Romero; J.-C. Chiao (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Larval retention, entrainment, and accumulation in the lee of a small headland: Recruitment hotspots along windy coasts - Steven G. Morgan; Jennifer L. Fisher; John L. Largier (Limnology and Oceanography, 2011)
We surveyed crustacean larvae in the plankton in the lee of Bodega Head, California, for 2 months during late spring and summer and cross‐correlated the larval abundance and stage of development of 16 taxa with 8 indicators of upwelling‐relaxation conditions. Larvae in all stages of development for 11 of these taxa were entrained and accumulated in a recirculation feature in Bodega Bay, found in the lee of this small headland as soon as upwelling‐favorable winds began, and persisted until winds weakened. The remaining taxa were more prevalent during relaxation events when the recirculation feature dissipated and a poleward coastal current transported larvae into and through the bay. During upwelling conditions, a vertically sheared flow occurs in the lee of the headland that accounts for the accumulation of plankton. However, larval behavior did not have a substantial effect on density and persistence in the lee of the headland, regardless of whether taxa were more prevalent during upwelling or relaxation conditions or whether they developed entirely nearshore or migrated offshore later in development. Thus, larvae and postlarvae of many, diverse taxa are concentrated in the plankton in the lee of small headlands in upwelling areas, which is consistent with previously reported recruitment hot spots in small upwelling bays. These headland‐related hot spots increase spatial structure in population density and community structure in recruitment‐limited upwelling regions and other wind‐driven coasts.

Palynology and paleoecology of the Middle Miocene Alum Bluff flora, Liberty County, Florida, USA - David M. Jarzen; Sarah L. Corbett; Steven R. Manchester (Palynology, 2010)

Development of the Brain’s Functional Network Architecture - Alecia C. Vogel; Jonathan D. Power; Steven E. Petersen; Bradley L. Schlaggar (Neuropsychology Review, 2010)

Age-related changes in the corpus callosum in early-onset bipolar disorder assessed using volumetric and cross-sectional measurements - Melissa Lopez-Larson; Janis L. Breeze; David N. Kennedy; Steven M. Hodge; Lena Tang; Constance Moore; Anthony J. Giuliano; Nikos Makris; Verne S. Caviness; Jean A. Frazier (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2010)

Case report of the rare deletion at codon 69 of reverse transcriptase in a South African HIV-1 subtype C infected patient - Carole L. Wallis; Willem D. F. Venter; Wendy S. Stevens; Maria A. Papathanasopoulos (Virus Genes, 2010)

Turnover and trends in butterfly communities on two British tidal islands: stochastic influences and deterministic factors - Roger L. H. Dennis; Leonardo Dapporto; Tim H. Sparks; Steven R. Williams; J. Nick Greatorex‐Davies; Jim Asher; David B. Roy (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim Community trends were investigated for two small islands and two local mainland butterfly communities within the UK over a period of 20–30 years. Location Hilbre Island off the Wirral Peninsula at 53.33° N, 3.10° W; Lindisfarne, an island off the Northumberland coast at 56.41° N, 1.48° W; Leighton Moss at 54.08° N, 2.26° W; Wyre Forest at 52.23° N, 2.14° W, UK. Methods Butterfly species data were collected on Hilbre and two mainland sites (Leighton Moss and Wyre Forest) from 1983 to 2006, and on Lindisfarne from 1977 to 2006, as part of the National Habitat Survey, the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme and ‘Butterflies for the New Millennium Atlas’ recording. Matrices of associations (Sokal and Michener’s matching coefficient S SM ; resemblance coefficient) were computed between years and subject to non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Mantel tests. The pattern of extinctions and colonizations at sites were examined, their heterogeneity tested by applying a Friedman test to fractional incidences for the same years. Regression analysis (multiple regression and logit regression) was used to relate butterfly numbers and incidences to climate variables, time and previous records. Results Significant community trends based on population counts and species’ incidences were found for all four sites. There was a significant climatic signal for Hilbre; although this was not apparent for the remaining sites, significant associations occurred between records for a number of species and climatic variables at all sites. Substantial turnover of species on the islands was inversely related to numbers of records for species but not to their conspicuousness to recorders. Main conclusions We argue that time trends are widespread in butterfly communities, even for relatively short periods; they are largely generated by stochastic influences rather than by more substantive factors such as climate change. Potential biases in surveying and recording history are shown to be unlikely. A clear climate signal was found only for the small Hilbre Island, for which there was also evidence for the significant influence of colonization capability of individual source species. We conclude that for many species, small islands will be sinks or pseudosinks and their ‘populations’ vulnerable to small changes in source–sink dynamics.

Trait means and reaction norms: the consequences of climate change/invasion interactions at the organism level - Charlene Janion; Hans Petter Leinaas; John S. Terblanche; Steven L. Chown (Evolutionary Ecology, 2010)

Age determination, bomb-radiocarbon validation and growth of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) from the Northwest Atlantic - Shelley L. Armsworthy; Steven E. Campana (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2010)

Pooled analyses of 13 prospective cohort studies on folate intake and colon cancer - Dong-Hyun Kim; Stephanie A. Smith-Warner; Donna Spiegelman; Shiaw-Shyuan Yaun; Graham A. Colditz; Jo L. Freudenheim; Edward Giovannucci; R. Alexandra Goldbohm; Saxon Graham; Lisa Harnack; Eric J. Jacobs; Michael Leitzmann; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Polymorphisms in oxidative stress and inflammation pathway genes, low-dose ionizing radiation, and the risk of breast cancer among US radiologic technologists - Sara J. Schonfeld; Parveen Bhatti; Elizabeth E. Brown; Martha S. Linet; Steven L. Simon; Robert M. Weinstock; Amy A. Hutchinson; Marilyn Stovall; Dale L. Preston; Bruce H. Alexander; Michele M. Doody; Alice J. Sigurdson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and phosphorus nutrition in organic field pea and lentil - Julia M. Baird; Fran L. Walley; Steven J. Shirtliffe (Mycorrhiza, 2010)

Influence of nutrients, submerged macrophytes and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton biomass and diversity along a latitudinal gradient in Europe - Koenraad Muylaert; Carmen Pérez-Martínez; Pedro Sánchez-Castillo; Torben L. Lauridsen; Maarten Vanderstukken; Steven A. J. Declerck; Katleen Van der Gucht; José-Maria Conde-Porcuna; Erik Jeppesen; Luc De Meester; Wim Vyverman (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Spatial ecology of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in tidal creeks and coastal waters of Eleuthera, The Bahamas - Karen J. Murchie; Emily Schwager; Steven J. Cooke; Andy J. Danylchuk; Sascha E. Danylchuk; Tony L. Goldberg; Cory D. Suski; David P. Philipp (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2010)

Development of a DNA microarray for detection of expressed equine classical MHC class I sequences in a defined population - Joshua D. Ramsay; Steven R. Leib; Lisa Orfe; Douglas R. Call; Rebecca L. Tallmadge; Darrilyn G. Fraser; Robert H. Mealey (Immunogenetics, 2010)

Minimally invasive assessment of tumor angiogenesis by fine needle aspiration and flow cytometry - Joseph L. Sottnik; Amanda M. Guth; Leah A. Mitchell; Steven W. Dow (Angiogenesis, 2010)

The roles of surface heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence in determining Atlantic Ocean temperature variability - Jeremy P. Grist; Simon A. Josey; Robert Marsh; Simon A. Good; Andrew. C. Coward; Beverly A. de Cuevas; Steven G. Alderson; Adrian L. New; Gurvan Madec (Ocean Dynamics, 2010)

Alcohol intake and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium (PanScan) - Dominique S. Michaud; Alina Vrieling; Li Jiao; Julie B. Mendelsohn; Emily Steplowski; Shannon M. Lynch; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Charles S. Fuchs; Myron Gross; Kathy Helzlsouer; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Seven days of muscle re-loading and voluntary wheel running following hindlimb suspension in mice restores running performance, muscle morphology and metrics of fatigue but not muscle strength - Andrea M. Hanson; Louis S. Stodieck; Cara M. A. Cannon; Steven J. Simske; Virginia L. Ferguson (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2010)

Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Iron - Charles Raymond Brown; Kathleen G. Haynes; Martin Moore; Mark J. Pavek; Dan C. Hane; Steven L. Love; Richard G. Novy; J. C. Miller (American Journal of Potato Research, 2010)

Yukon Gem: A Yellow-Fleshed Potato Cultivar Suitable for Fresh-Pack and Processing with Resistances to PVYO and Late Blight - Jonathan L. Whitworth; Richard G. Novy; Jeffrey C. Stark; Joseph J. Pavek; Dennis L. Corsini; Steven L. Love; Jeffrey S. Miller; M. Isabel Vales; Alvin R. Mosley; Solomon Yilma; Steve R. James; Dan C. Hane; et al. (American Journal of Potato Research, 2010)

Functional diversity in resource use by fungi - Krista L. McGuire; Elizabeth Bent; James Borneman; Arundhati Majumder; Steven D. Allison; Kathleen K. Treseder (Ecology, 2010)
Fungi influence nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, as they are major regulators of decomposition and soil respiration. However, little is known about the substrate preferences of individual fungal species outside of laboratory culture studies. If active fungi differ in their substrate preferences in situ, then changes in fungal diversity due to global change may dramatically influence nutrient cycling in ecosystems. To test the responses of individual fungal taxa to specific substrates, we used a nucleotide‐analogue procedure in the boreal forest of Alaska (USA). Specifically, we added four organic N compounds commonly found in plant litter (arginine, glutamate, lignocellulose, and tannin–protein) to litterbags filled with decomposed leaf litter (black spruce and aspen) and assessed the responses of active fungal species using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rRNA genes, and sequencing. We also compared the sequences from our experiment with a concurrent warming experiment to see if active fungi that targeted more recalcitrant compounds would respond more positively to soil warming. We found that individual fungal taxa responded differently to substrate additions and that active fungal communities were different across litter types (spruce vs. aspen). Active fungi that targeted lignocellulose also responded positively to experimental warming. Additionally, resource‐use patterns in different fungal taxa were genetically correlated, suggesting that it may be possible to predict the ecological function of active fungal communities based on genetic information. Together, these results imply that fungi are functionally diverse and that reductions in fungal diversity may have consequences for ecosystem functioning.

Learned hook avoidance of lemon sharks ( Negaprion brevirostris ) based on electroreception and shock treatment - Julia L. Y. Spaet; Steven T. Kessel; Samuel H. Gruber (Marine Biology Research, 2010)

Metabolic rate, genetic and microclimate variation among springtail populations from sub-Antarctic Marion Island - Angela McGaughran; Peter Convey; Mark I. Stevens; Steven L. Chown (Polar Biology, 2010)

Plasticity, Not Adaptation to Salt Level, Explains Variation Along a Salinity Gradient in a Salt Marsh Perennial - Christina L. Richards; Susan N. White; Mary Anne McGuire; Steven J. Franks; Lisa A. Donovan; Rodney Mauricio (Estuaries and Coasts, 2010)

Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida) - Hong Zhou; Steven V. Fend; Daniel L. Gustafson; Pierre De Wit; Christer Erséus (Zoologica Scripta, 2010)
Zhou, H., Fend, S. V., Gustafson, D. L., De Wit, P. & Erséus, C. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida). — Zoologica Scripta , 39 , 378–393. The Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) are known primarily from cool‐water habitats in western North America. Their taxonomy has so far been based on limited collections from isolated localities, using intuitive assessment of morphological characters. This approach has proved unsatisfactory when additional populations of closely related species were sampled and scrutinized for incorporation in the present classification. Therefore, in this study, mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA) and nuclear internal transcriber spacer (ITS rDNA) genes were analysed as phylogenetic markers of Nearctic Rhynchelmis species. A combined approach with all the three gene regions provided a better resolution than any of the individual genes by itself. The genes demonstrated monophyly of all major groupings proposed on the morphological basis. Within the Rhynchelmis yakimorum complex, however, the genetic data and distribution suggested that two clades initially referred to as a ‘ R. yakimorum variant 1’, one from the lower Snake River drainage in Idaho and one from southern coastal Oregon, might represent two separate species. On the other hand, the sympatric distribution and low genetic distance between Rhynchelmis gustafsoni and a form tentatively identified as ‘ R . cf. yakimorum ’ (both collected in eastern Idaho) indicated conspecific status. This study also showed that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which may be informative of recent and on‐going speciation and useful for species discrimination (as a DNA barcode), is less suitable as a single molecular marker for phylogenetic inference. Regardless of whether one deals with very closely related species (such as those of the yakimorum complex), with taxa with a wide and disjunct distribution (such as Rhynchelmis rostrata ), or with more distantly related species, COI data should be supplemented by other genetic markers as well as morphological and biogeographical information.

Elucidation of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genotyping of Salmonella enterica isolates from clinical cases of salmonellosis in New Mexico in 2008 - Kenneth P. Smith; Jeffy George; Kathleen M. Cadle; Sanath Kumar; Steven J. Aragon; Ricardo L. Hernandez; Suzanna E. Jones; Jody L. Floyd; Manuel F. Varela (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2010)

Development and Application of an Automated GIS Based Evaluation to Prioritize Wetland Restoration Opportunities - Jennifer L. Kauffman-Axelrod; Steven J. Steinberg (Wetlands, 2010)

Cancer Education and Effective Dissemination: Information Access is not Enough - Anita L. Ousley; Jeffrey A. Swarz; Erin L. Milliken; Steven Ellis (Journal of Cancer Education, 2010)

Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function - Erik Jeppesen; Mariana Meerhoff; Kerstin Holmgren; Ivan González-Bergonzoni; Franco Teixeira-de Mello; Steven A. J. Declerck; Luc De Meester; Martin Søndergaard; Torben L. Lauridsen; Rikke Bjerring; José Maria Conde-Porcuna; Néstor Mazzeo; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Predicting the position of moving audiovisual stimuli - Steven L. Prime; Laurence R. Harris (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

In Utero Exposure of Female CD-1 Mice to AZT and/or 3TC: II. Persistence of Functional Alterations in Cardiac Tissue - Salina M. Torres; Rao L. Divi; Dale M. Walker; Consuelo L. McCash; Meghan M. Carter; Matthew J. Campen; Tracey L. Einem; Yvonne Chu; Steven K. Seilkop; Huining Kang; Miriam C. Poirier; Vernon E. Walker (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2010)

Role of the anterior insula in task-level control and focal attention - Steven M. Nelson; Nico U. F. Dosenbach; Alexander L. Cohen; Mark E. Wheeler; Bradley L. Schlaggar; Steven E. Petersen (Brain Structure and Function, 2010)

Strategies for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Metagenomic-based Enzyme Discovery in Lignocellulolytic Microbial Communities - Kristen M. DeAngelis; John M. Gladden; Martin Allgaier; Patrik D’haeseleer; Julian L. Fortney; Amitha Reddy; Philip Hugenholtz; Steven W. Singer; Jean S. Vander Gheynst; Whendee L. Silver; Blake A. Simmons; Terry C. Hazen (BioEnergy Research, 2010)

Native pollen thieves reduce the reproductive success of a hermaphroditic plant, Aloe maculata - Anna L. Hargreaves; Lawrence D. Harder; Steven D. Johnson (Ecology, 2010)
Pollen is unique among floral rewards in functioning as both a carrier of gametes and an attractant and nutritious resource for floral visitors. Animals that collect pollen without pollinating (pollen thieves) could reduce siring success of thieved plants and cause pollen limitation of seed set at the population level; however, such impacts on plant reproduction have not been demonstrated experimentally. To test these effects we added hives of native honey bees ( Apis mellifera scutellata ) to populations of a primarily bird‐pollinated plant, Aloe maculata , in eastern South Africa. In field and aviary trials, bee addition increased pollen removal from anthers but decreased pollen deposition on stigmas, and so reduced both male and female pollination components. Further, total seed production decreased with hive addition in the aviary experiment and in three of four field populations, indicating that population‐level pollen theft can also compromise reproductive success. In the field, naturally occurring allodapine bees also seemed to act as pollen thieves, outweighing the effect of honey bee hive addition at one of the four aloe populations. Our results highlight the importance of social bees as pollen thieves, even of plants that have evolved in their presence, and the role of dichogamy in promoting pollen theft. Given the commonness of both social bees and dichogamy, pollen theft is likely a much more common influence on floral ecology and evolution than suggested by the sparse literature.

Marker-assisted characterization of durum wheat Langdon–Golden Ball disomic substitution lines - Steven S. Xu; C. G. Chu; S. Chao; D. L. Klindworth; J. D. Faris; E. M. Elias (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2010)

Population responses within a landscape matrix: a macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts - Steven L. Chown; Kevin J. Gaston; Mark van Kleunen; Susana Clusella-Trullas (Evolutionary Ecology, 2010)

Suppression of the E-effect during the subjective visual and postural vertical test in healthy subjects - Wim Saeys; Luc Vereeck; An Bedeer; Christophe Lafosse; Steven Truijen; Floris L. Wuyts; Paul Van de Heyning (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for the control of Alternaria dauci and A. radicina on carrot seeds - Eckhard Koch; Annegret Schmitt; Dietrich Stephan; Carola Kromphardt; Marga Jahn; Hermann-Josef Krauthausen; Gustaf Forsberg; Sigrid Werner; Tahsein Amein; Sandra A. I. Wright; Federico Tinivella; Maria L. Gullino; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010)

The composition and density of fauna utilizing burrow microhabitats created by a non-native burrowing crustacean (Sphaeroma quoianum) - Timothy M. Davidson; Alan L. Shanks; Steven S. Rumrill (Biological Invasions, 2010)

A reptilian smoking gun: first record of invasive Jackson’s chameleon (Chamaeleo jacksonii) predation on native Hawaiian species - Brenden S. Holland; Steven L. Montgomery; Vincent Costello (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Relationship between cystic fibrosis respiratory tract bacterial communities and age, genotype, antibiotics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Vanja Klepac‐Ceraj; Katherine P. Lemon; Thomas R. Martin; Martin Allgaier; Steven W. Kembel; Alixandra A. Knapp; Stephen Lory; Eoin L. Brodie; Susan V. Lynch; Brendan J. M. Bohannan; Jessica L. Green; Brian A. Maurer; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary Polymicrobial bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) cause progressive lung damage and death. Although the arrival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa often heralds a more rapid rate of pulmonary decline, there is significant inter‐individual variation in the rate of decline, the causes of which remain poorly understood. By coupling culture‐independent methods with ecological analyses, we discovered correlations between bacterial community profiles and clinical disease markers in respiratory tracts of 45 children with CF. Bacterial community complexity was inversely correlated with patient age, presence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic exposure, and was related to CF genotype. Strikingly, bacterial communities lacking P. aeruginosa were much more similar to each other than were those containing P. aeruginosa , regardless of antibiotic exposure. This suggests that community composition might be a better predictor of disease progression than the presence of P. aeruginosa alone and deserves further study.

Grid soil sampling adoption and abandonment in cotton production - Jonathan C. Walton; Roland K. Roberts; Dayton M. Lambert; James A. Larson; Burton C. English; Sherry L. Larkin; Steven W. Martin; Michele C. Marra; Kenneth W. Paxton; Jeanne M. Reeves (Precision Agriculture, 2010)

Do captive waterfowl alter their behaviour patterns during their flightless period of moult? - Steven J. Portugal; Rhian Isaac; Kate L. Quinton; S. James Reynolds (Journal of Ornithology, 2010)

Corrigendum - STEVEN T. KALINOWSKI; MARK L. TAPER; TRISTAN C. MARSHALL (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Downscaling hydroclimatic changes over the Western US based on CAM subgrid scheme and WRF regional climate simulations - Yun Qian; Steven J. Ghan; L. Ruby Leung (International Journal of Climatology, 2010)
This study examines two dynamical downscaling methods, a subgrid parameterization and a regional climate model, to compare their impacts on simulating orographic precipitation and surface hydrology in mountain regions. A global climate model was first applied at 1° × 1.25° grid resolution with a subgrid orographic precipitation scheme. The global simulations were then used to drive a regional climate model at 15‐km grid resolution over the Western United States. By comparing the global and regional simulations for two 10‐year periods, 1993–2003 and 2039–2049, this study assesses the two downscaling methods in the context of simulating both the present climate and climate change signals, and the implications of the relatively short simulation length to investigate differences in current and future climate simulated by the models are discussed. The model results show that improving the representation of surface topography through higher spatial resolution or a subgrid method has a large impact on the simulations. Both the subgrid scheme and the regional model significantly improved the simulation of snowpack in the mountains. The spatial distributions of precipitation and snowpack are generally consistent between the subgrid and regional simulations, since they were driven by the same large‐scale circulation from the global simulations. However, because rain‐shadow effects are not represented in the subgrid scheme, the regional simulations produced much more realistic spatial variability in precipitation and snowpack than the subgrid simulations in narrow mountain ranges. In the climate change experiments, both downscaling procedures preserved the large‐scale patterns of temperature and precipitation changes in the global simulations. However, the regional simulations show larger changes in precipitation and snowpack along the coastal mountains than the subgrid simulations. This is attributed to the fact that the regional model explicitly simulates the interactions of atmospheric circulation and the underlying topography, so changes in wind directions with respect to the orientations of the mountains may lead to changes in orographic precipitation that cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric temperature and moisture alone. Hence differences between the precipitation changes simulated by the regional model and the subgrid method are larger in narrow mountains such as the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada because the subgrid method does not account for the influence of mountain orientations at the subgrid scale. As precipitation is an important driver of surface hydrological processes, differences between the precipitation changes simulated by the two methods lead to important differences in the surface hydrological processes under climate change. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

Conservation management approaches to protecting the capacity for corals to respond to climate change: a theoretical comparison - MARISSA L. BASKETT; ROGER M. NISBET; CARRIE V. KAPPEL; PETER J. MUMBY; STEVEN D. GAINES (Global Change Biology, 2010)
Multiple anthropogenic impacts, including bleaching from climate change‐related thermal stress, threaten coral reefs. Protecting coral capacity to respond to the increase in future thermal stress expected with climate change can involve (1) protecting coral reefs with characteristics indicative of greater resistance and resilience to climate change, and (2) reducing other anthropogenic impacts that are more likely to reduce coral resistance and resilience to climate change. Here, we quantitatively compare possible priorities and existing recommendations for protecting coral response capacity to climate change. Specifically, we explore the relative importance of the relevant dynamics, processes, and parameters in a size‐structured model of coral and zooxanthellae ecological and evolutionary dynamics given projected future thermal stress. Model results with varying initial conditions indicate that protecting diverse coral communities is critical, and protecting communities with higher abundances of more thermally tolerant coral species and symbiont types secondary, to the long‐term maintenance of coral cover. A sensitivity analysis of the coral population size in each size class and the total coral cover with respect to all parameter values suggests greater relative importance of reducing additional anthropogenic impacts that affect coral–macroalgal competition, early coral life history stages, and coral survivorship (compared with reproduction, growth, and shrinkage). Finally, model results with temperature trajectories from different locations, with and without connectivity, indicate that protection of, and connectivity to, low‐thermal‐stress locations may enhance the capacity for corals to respond to climate change.

New Trapping Mechanism in Carbon Sequestration - Ehsan Saadatpoor; Steven L. Bryant; Kamy Sepehrnoori (Transport in Porous Media, 2010)

Your worst enemy could be your best friend: predator contributions to invasion resistance and persistence of natives - Steven A. Juliano; L. Philip Lounibos; Naoya Nishimura; Krystle Greene (Oecologia, 2010)

In Utero Exposure of Female CD-1 Mice to AZT and/or 3TC: I. Persistence of Microscopic Lesions in Cardiac Tissue - Salina M. Torres; Thomas H. March; Meghan M. Carter; Consuelo L. McCash; Steven K. Seilkop; Miriam C. Poirier; Dale M. Walker; Vernon E. Walker (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2010)

Changes in dendritic complexity and spine morphology in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type tau - Dara L. Dickstein; Hannah Brautigam; Steven D. Stockton; James Schmeidler; Patrick R. Hof (Brain Structure and Function, 2010)

Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-winged Fruits - Steven R. Manchester; Elizabeth L. O’Leary (The Botanical Review, 2010)

Improved Preservation of the Tissue Surrounding Percutaneous Devices by Hyaluronic Acid and Dermatan Sulfate in a Human Skin Explant Model - Antonio Peramo; Cynthia L. Marcelo; Steven A. Goldstein; David C. Martin (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2010)

Realizing a synergy between research and education: how participation in ant monitoring helps raise biodiversity awareness in a resource-poor country - Brigitte Braschler; Kirsten Mahood; Natasha Karenyi; Kevin J. Gaston; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2010)

A protocol to effectively create single cell suspensions of adherent cells for multiparameter high-throughput flow cytometry - Evan S. Glazer; Katheryn L. Massey; Steven A. Curley (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2010)

Identification and characterization of a highly virulent triple reassortant H1N1 swine influenza virus in the United States - Wenjun Ma; Amy L. Vincent; Kelly M. Lager; Bruce H. Janke; Steven C. Henry; Raymond R. R. Rowland; Richard A. Hesse; Jürgen A. Richt (Virus Genes, 2010)

Taxonomic homogenization and differentiation across Southern Ocean Islands differ among insects and vascular plants - Justine D. Shaw; Dian Spear; Michelle Greve; Steven L. Chown (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim To investigate taxonomic homogenization and/or differentiation of insect and vascular plant assemblages across the Southern Ocean Islands (SOI), and how they differ with changing spatial extent and taxonomic resolution. Location Twenty‐two islands located across the Southern Ocean, further subdivided into five island biogeographical provinces. These islands are used because comprehensive data on both indigenous and non‐indigenous insect and plant species are available. Methods An existing database was updated, using newly published species records, identifying the indigenous and non‐indigenous insect and vascular plant species recorded for each island. Homogenization and differentiation were measured using Jaccard’s index (JI) of similarity for assemblages across all islands on a pairwise basis, and for island pairs within each of the biogeographical provinces. The effects of taxonomic resolution (species, genus, family) and distance on levels of homogenization or differentiation were examined. To explore further the patterns of similarity among islands for each of the taxa and groupings (indigenous and non‐indigenous), islands were clustered based on JI similarity matrices and using group averaging. Results Across the SOI, insect assemblages have become homogenized (0.7% increase in similarity at species level) while plant assemblages have become differentiated at genus and species levels. Homogenization was recorded only when pairwise distances among islands exceeded 3000 km for insect assemblages, but distances had to exceed 10,000 km for plant assemblages. Widely distributed non‐indigenous plant species tend to have wider distributions across the SOI than do their insect counterparts, and this is also true of the indigenous species. Main conclusions Insect assemblages across the SOI have become homogenized as a consequence of the establishment of non‐indigenous species, while plant assemblages have become more differentiated. The likely reason is that indigenous plant assemblages are more similar across the SOI than are insect assemblages, which show greater regionalization. Thus, although a suite of widespread, typically European, weedy, non‐indigenous plant species has established on many islands, the outcome has largely been differentiation. Because further introductions of insects and vascular plants are probable as climates warm across the region, the patterns documented here are likely to change through time.

Ambient, productive and wind energy, and ocean extent predict global species richness of procellariiform seabirds - Richard G. Davies; Ulrike M. Irlich; Steven L. Chown; Kevin J. Gaston (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2010)
Aims Tests of the energy hypothesis for the large‐scale distribution of species richness have largely been concerned with the influence of two alternative forms of environmental energy, temperature and energy from primary productivity, both of which (at least in terrestrial systems) peak within the tropics. Taxa showing extra‐tropical diversity peaks present a potential challenge to the generality of species–energy theory. One such group are pelagic seabirds of the order Procellariiformes that show not only an extra‐tropical diversity peak but one confined to the Southern Ocean, hence a highly asymmetric one. They are distinct in being exceptionally adapted to take advantage of wind energy, which they may rely on for long‐distance ocean foraging for the patchy resources needed to meet their energetic needs. Wind represents a readily available source of kinetic energy, shows a strong latitudinal gradient, and has been largely omitted from species–energy theory. Moreover, maximal benefits of wind are likely to be afforded in areas of greatest available contiguous ocean extent. We compare the relative importance of wind speed, ocean productivity (chlorophyll concentration), air temperature and available ocean extent (distance) in explaining large‐scale global distribution of procellariiform species richness across the world's oceans. Location Global, oceanic. Methods Hierarchical partitioning, model selection, ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial generalized least squares (GLS) regression. Results Hierarchical partitioning of non‐spatial regression models indicates that ocean distance is the most important predictor of procellariiform species richness followed by wind speed and then temperature. In contrast, that of spatial regression models indicates the roughly equal importance of ocean distance and temperature, followed by wind speed. Although contributing additional model fit, ocean productivity is consistently the weakest predictor. Best‐fit models include all four predictors and explain 67% of observed variation. The species–productivity relationship is negative overall, while the species–temperature relationship is hump‐shaped. In contrast, ocean distance and wind speed are positively associated with species richness. Conclusions Large‐scale procellariiform species richness distribution may represent a trade‐off in the use of different energy forms, being highest in Southern Ocean areas where productive energy and temperature are relatively low, but where available ocean foraging extent and wind energy required to utilize it are near‐maximal.

Quantifying structural physical habitat attributes using LIDAR and hyperspectral imagery - Robert K. Hall; Russell L. Watkins; Daniel T. Heggem; K. Bruce Jones; Philip R. Kaufmann; Steven B. Moore; Sandra J. Gregory (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas - Brian D. Keller; Daniel F. Gleason; Elizabeth McLeod; Christa M. Woodley; Satie Airamé; Billy D. Causey; Alan M. Friedlander; Rikki Grober-Dunsmore; Johanna E. Johnson; Steven L. Miller; Robert S. Steneck (Environmental Management, 2009)

Managing for Multiple Resources Under Climate Change: National Forests - Linda A. Joyce; Geoffrey M. Blate; Steven G. McNulty; Constance I. Millar; Susanne Moser; Ronald P. Neilson; David L. Peterson (Environmental Management, 2009)

Identification of herpes simplex virus type 1 proteins encoded within the first 1.5 kb of the latency-associated transcript - Gail Henderson; Tareq Jaber; Dale Carpenter; Steven L. Wechsler; Clinton Jones (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2009)

O-GlcNAcylation, an original modulator of contractile activity in striated muscle - C. Cieniewski-Bernard; V. Montel; L. Stevens; B. Bastide (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2009)

Latitudinal patterns of magnitude and interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange regulated by biological and environmental variables - WENPING YUAN; YIQI LUO; ANDREW D. RICHARDSON; RAM OREN; SEBASTIAAN LUYSSAERT; IVAN A. JANSSENS; REINHART CEULEMANS; XUHUI ZHOU; THOMAS GRÜNWALD; MARC AUBINET; CHRISTIAN BERHOFER; DENNIS D. BALDOCCHI; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Over the last two and half decades, strong evidence showed that the terrestrial ecosystems are acting as a net sink for atmospheric carbon. However the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the sink are not well known. In this study, we examined latitudinal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 based on 163 site‐years of eddy covariance data, from 39 northern‐hemisphere research sites located at latitudes ranging from ∼29°N to ∼64°N. We computed the standard deviation of annual NEE integrals at individual sites to represent absolute interannual variability (AIAV), and the corresponding coefficient of variation as a measure of relative interannual variability (RIAV). Our results showed decreased trends of annual NEE with increasing latitude for both deciduous broadleaf forests and evergreen needleleaf forests. Gross primary production (GPP) explained a significant proportion of the spatial variation of NEE across evergreen needleleaf forests, whereas, across deciduous broadleaf forests, it is ecosystem respiration (Re). In addition, AIAV in GPP and Re increased significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but AIAV in GPP decreased significantly with latitude in evergreen needleleaf forests. Furthermore, RIAV in NEE, GPP, and Re appeared to increase significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but not in evergreen needleleaf forests. Correlation analyses showed air temperature was the primary environmental factor that determined RIAV of NEE in deciduous broadleaf forest across the North American sites, and none of the chosen climatic factors could explain RIAV of NEE in evergreen needleleaf forests. Mean annual NEE significantly increased with latitude in grasslands. Precipitation was dominant environmental factor for the spatial variation of magnitude and IAV in GPP and Re in grasslands.

Nearshore larval retention in a region of strong upwelling and recruitment limitation - Steven G. Morgan; Jennifer L. Fisher; Seth H. Miller; Skyli T. McAfee; John L. Largier (Ecology, 2009)
The ability of miniscule larvae to control their fate and replenish populations in dynamic marine environments has been a long‐running topic of debate of central importance for managing resources and understanding the ecology and evolution of life in the sea. Larvae are considered to be highly susceptible to offshore transport in productive upwelling regions, thereby increasing dispersal, limiting onshore recruitment, and reducing the intensity of community interactions. We show that 45 species of nearshore crustaceans were not transported far offshore in a recruitment‐limited region characterized by strong upwelling. To the contrary, 92% of these larvae remained within 6 km from shore in high densities throughout development along two transects sampled four times during the peak upwelling season. Larvae of most species remained nearshore by remaining below a shallow Ekman layer of seaward‐flowing surface waters throughout development. Larvae of other species migrated farther offshore by occurring closer to the surface early in development. Postlarvae evidently returned to nearshore adult habitats either by descending to shoreward‐flowing upwelled waters or rising to the sea surface where they can be transported shoreward by wind relaxation events or internal waves. Thus wind‐driven offshore transport should not limit recruitment, even in strong upwelling regions, and larvae are more likely to recruit closer to natal populations than is widely believed. This study poses a new challenge to determine the true cause and extent of recruitment limitation for a more diverse array of species along upwelling coasts, and thus to further advance our understanding of the connectivity, dynamics, and structure of coastal populations.

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Isolates from Jersey, Channel Islands - Kenneth L. Deahl; Frances M. Perez; Jonathan M. Thompson; Caoimhe Fleming-Archibald; Stephen Thompson; Rosemary Collier; Steven Kildea; Louise R. Cooke (Potato Research, 2009)

Successive bouts of cycling stimulates genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis - Charles L. Dumke; J. Mark Davis; E. Angela Murphy; David C. Nieman; Martin D. Carmichael; John C. Quindry; N. Travis Triplett; Alan C. Utter; Sarah J. Gross Gowin; Dru A. Henson; Steven R. McAnulty; Lisa S. McAnulty (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2009)

Positive Allosteric Interaction of Structurally Diverse T-Type Calcium Channel Antagonists - Victor N. Uebele; Cindy E. Nuss; Steven V. Fox; Susan L. Garson; Razvan Cristescu; Scott M. Doran; Richard L. Kraus; Vincent P. Santarelli; Yuxing Li; James C. Barrow; Zhi-Qiang Yang; Kelly-Ann S. Schlegel; et al. (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2009)

Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate - Lars J. Tranvik; John A. Downing; James B. Cotner; Steven A. Loiselle; Robert G. Striegl; Thomas J. Ballatore; Peter Dillon; Kerri Finlay; Kenneth Fortino; Lesley B. Knoll; Pirkko L. Kortelainen; Tiit Kutser; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
We explore the role of lakes in carbon cycling and global climate, examine the mechanisms influencing carbon pools and transformations in lakes, and discuss how the metabolism of carbon in the inland waters is likely to change in response to climate. Furthermore, we project changes as global climate change in the abundance and spatial distribution of lakes in the biosphere, and we revise the estimate for the global extent of carbon transformation in inland waters. This synthesis demonstrates that the global annual emissions of carbon dioxide from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forcing may be changed by human activities, including construction of impoundments, which accumulate large amounts of carbon in sediments and emit large amounts of methane to the atmosphere. Methane emissions are also expected from lakes on melting permafrost. The synthesis presented here indicates that (1) inland waters constitute a significant component of the global carbon cycle, (2) their contribution to this cycle has significantly changed as a result of human activities, and (3) they will continue to change in response to future climate change causing decreased as well as increased abundance of lakes as well as increases in the number of aquatic impoundments.

The land–atmosphere water flux in the tropics - JOSHUA B. FISHER; YADVINDER MALHI; DAMIEN BONAL; HUMBERTO R. DA ROCHA; ALESSANDRO C. DE ARAÚJO; MINORU GAMO; MICHAEL L. GOULDEN; TAKASHI HIRANO; ALFREDO R. HUETE; HIROAKI KONDO; TOMO'OMI KUMAGAI; HENRY W. LOESCHER; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Tropical vegetation is a major source of global land surface evapotranspiration, and can thus play a major role in global hydrological cycles and global atmospheric circulation. Accurate prediction of tropical evapotranspiration is critical to our understanding of these processes under changing climate. We examined the controls on evapotranspiration in tropical vegetation at 21 pan‐tropical eddy covariance sites, conducted a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of 13 evapotranspiration models at these sites, and assessed the ability to scale up model estimates of evapotranspiration for the test region of Amazonia. Net radiation was the strongest determinant of evapotranspiration (mean evaporative fraction was 0.72) and explained 87% of the variance in monthly evapotranspiration across the sites. Vapor pressure deficit was the strongest residual predictor (14%), followed by normalized difference vegetation index (9%), precipitation (6%) and wind speed (4%). The radiation‐based evapotranspiration models performed best overall for three reasons: (1) the vegetation was largely decoupled from atmospheric turbulent transfer (calculated from Ω decoupling factor), especially at the wetter sites; (2) the resistance‐based models were hindered by difficulty in consistently characterizing canopy (and stomatal) resistance in the highly diverse vegetation; (3) the temperature‐based models inadequately captured the variability in tropical evapotranspiration. We evaluated the potential to predict regional evapotranspiration for one test region: Amazonia. We estimated an Amazonia‐wide evapotranspiration of 1370 mm yr −1 , but this value is dependent on assumptions about energy balance closure for the tropical eddy covariance sites; a lower value (1096 mm yr −1 ) is considered in discussion on the use of flux data to validate and interpolate models.

Observations of turbulence beneath sea ice in southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica - C. L. Stevens; N. J. Robinson; M. J. M. Williams; T. G. Haskell (Ocean Science, 2009)
The first turbulence profiler observations beneath land fast sea ice which is directly adjacent to an Antarctic ice shelf are described. The stratification in the 325 m deep water column consisted of a layer of supercooled water in the upper 40 m lying above a quasi-linearly stratified water column with a sharp step in density at mid-depth. Turbulent energy dissipation rates were on average 3×10−8 m2 s−3 with peak bin-averaged values reaching 4×10−7 m2 s−3. The local dissipation rate per unit area was estimated to be 10 m Wm−2 on average with a peak of 50 m Wm−2. These values are consistent with a moderate baroclinic response to the tides. The small-scale turbulent energetics lie on the boundary between isotropy and buoyancy-affected. This will likely influence the formation and aggregation of frazil ice crystals within the supercooled layer. The data suggest that the large crystals observed in McMurdo Sound will transition from initial growth at scales smaller than the Kolmogorov lengthscale to sizes substantially (1–2 orders of magnitude) greater than the Kolmogorov scale. An estimate of the experiment-averaged vertical diffusivity of mass Kρ yields a coefficient of around 2×10−4 m2s−1 although this increased by a factor of 2 near the surface. Combining this estimate of Kρ with available observations of average and maximum currents suggests the layer of supercooled water can persist for a distance of ~250 km from the front of the McMurdo Ice Shelf.

A Modeling Approach to Water Quality Management of an Agriculturally Dominated Watershed, Kansas, USA - Steven Wang; Thomas Stiles; Trevor Flynn; Anthony J. Stahl; Jonathan L. Gutierrez; Robert T. Angelo; Lyle Frees (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2009)

An EST-SSR-based linkage map for Persea americana Mill. (avocado) - James W. Borrone; J. Steven Brown; Cecile L. Tondo; Margarita Mauro-Herrera; David N. Kuhn; Helen A. Violi; Robert T. Sautter; Raymond J. Schnell (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2009)

The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States - Wade L. Bryant; Steven L. Goodbred (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

The Key Events Dose-Response Framework: A Foundation for Examining Variability in Elicitation Thresholds for Food Allergens - Steve L. Taylor; Steven M. Gendel; Geert F. Houben; Elizabeth Julien* (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2009)

Iodine assimilation by marine diatoms and other phytoplankton in nitrate‐replete conditions - John L. de laCuesta; Steven L. Manley (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
Several marine phytoplankton species, primarily diatoms, were examined for the accumulation of iodide (10 species) and iodate (9 species) using radioactive iodine‐125 in f/2 artificial seawater, a nitrate‐enriched medium. Iodide accumulation (net uptake) rates were variable, and diatoms exhibited the highest rates. Emiliania huxleyi and Synechococcus sp. did not accumulate iodide. Accumulation rates ranged from 0 to 1.7 fmol cell −1 d −1 . The diatom Porosira glacialis accumulated the greatest amount of iodide and was used to determine efflux rates of iodide. Iodide efflux was characterized by two distinct phases of iodide release: an initial rapid release rate of 10 amol cell −1 min −1 from the free space and a subsequent cellular release rate of 0.13 amol cell −1 min −1 , which corresponds to a daily cellular release rate of 0.19 fmol cell −1 d −1 . Accumulation of iodate ranged from 0 to 19 amol cell −1 d −1 , with P. glacialis displaying the highest rate. Emiliania , Synechococcus , and Chaetoceros did not show significant iodate accumulation. Iodide is the preferred chemical species of iodine for uptake under nitrate‐replete conditions: iodide accumulation rates ranged from 3 to 90 times larger than those for iodate for the species studied. If the iodate accumulated is tightly coupled to its reduction to iodide, the accumulation rates suggest that phytoplankton‐mediated iodate reduction is not environmentally significant. If diatoms can reduce iodate to iodide, their overall contribution to surface‐water iodide, while living, would be further reduced because of their ability to reassimilate released iodide.

Biotic and abiotic controls on diurnal fluctuations in labile soil phosphorus of a wet tropical forest - Karen L. Vandecar; Deborah Lawrence; Tana Wood; Steven F. Oberbauer; Rishiraj Das; Katherine Tully; Luitgard Schwendenmann (Ecology, 2009)
The productivity of many tropical wet forests is generally limited by bioavailable phosphorus (P). Microbial activity is a key regulator of P availability in that it determines both the supply of P through organic matter decomposition and the depletion of bioavailable P through microbial uptake. Both microbial uptake and mineralization occur rapidly, and their net effect on P availability varies with soil moisture, temperature, and soil organic matter quantity and quality. Exploring the mechanisms driving P availability at fine temporal scales can provide insight into the coupling of carbon, water, and nutrient cycles, and ultimately, the response of tropical forests to climate change. Despite the recognized importance of P cycling to the dynamics of wet tropical forests and their potential sensitivity to short‐term fluctuations in bioavailable P, the diurnal pattern of P remains poorly understood. This study quantifies diurnal fluctuations in labile soil P and evaluates the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in driving these patterns. To this end, measurements of labile P were made every other hour in a Costa Rican wet tropical forest oxisol. Spatial and temporal variation in Bray‐extractable P were investigated in relation to ecosystem carbon flux, soil CO 2 efflux, soil moisture, soil temperature, solar radiation, and sap‐flow velocity. Spatially averaged bi‐hourly (every two hours) labile P ranged from 0.88 to 2.48 μg/g across days. The amplitude in labile P throughout the day was 0.61–0.82 μg/g (41–54% of mean P concentrations) and was characterized by a bimodal pattern with a decrease at midday. Labile P increased with soil CO 2 efflux and soil temperature and declined with increasing sap flow and solar radiation. Together, soil CO 2 efflux, soil temperature, and sap flow explained 86% of variation in labile P.

A new species of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes) from Costa Rica - Gabriel Moreno; Carlos Rojas; Steven L. Stephenson; Harald Singer (Mycological Progress, 2009)

Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates - Fatma Kaplan; Dayakar V. Badri; Cherian Zachariah; Ramadan Ajredini; Francisco J. Sandoval; Sanja Roje; Lanfang H. Levine; Fengli Zhang; Steven L. Robinette; Hans T. Alborn; Wei Zhao; Michael Stadler; et al. (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009)

Hepatic P450 Enzyme Activity, Tissue Morphology and Histology of Mink (Mustela vison) Exposed to Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans - Jeremy N. Moore; John L. Newsted; Markus Hecker; Matthew J. Zwiernik; Scott D. Fitzgerald; Denise P. Kay; Xiaowei Zhang; Eric B. Higley; Lesa L. Aylward; Kerrie J. Beckett; Robert A. Budinsky; Steven J. Bursian; et al. (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009)

Safe sites, seed supply, and the recruitment function in plant populations - Richard P. Duncan; Jeffrey M. Diez; Jon J. Sullivan; Steven Wangen; Alice L. Miller (Ecology, 2009)
The extent to which plant populations are seed vs. establishment limited can be understood by quantifying the recruitment function, describing the number of seedlings that establish as a function of the number of seeds added. Here, we derive a general equation for the recruitment function based on a mechanistic model describing how the availability of safe sites (sites suitable for germination and establishment) interacts with the number and distribution of seeds added to a plot to determine the number of recruits. The parameters of this recruitment function have a direct biological interpretation that can provide insight into the processes limiting recruitment in plant populations.

First‐flowering dates of plants in the Northern Great Plains - Steven E. Travers; Kelsey L. Dunnell (Ecology, 2009)
Phenological observations of plant flowering patterns provide useful information for studying the ecological impact of global climate change over long‐term periods. However, the long‐term data sets with which meaningful comparisons can be made are rare, especially in the less‐populated Northern Great Plains region of North America. Here we present the observations of first‐flowering time of native and nonnative plant species in North Dakota and Minnesota over the course of 51 years in the last century. Orin A. Stevens recorded the first‐flowering time of 753 species in the vicinity of Fargo, North Dakota, USA, and throughout North Dakota from 1910 to 1961. These data offer baseline indications of both the timing of first flowering and the presence/absence for a wide variety of plants in a region of North America with a relatively short growing season. The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at http://esapubs.org/archive . (The accession number for each Data Paper is givendirectly beneath the title.)

Elements of metacommunity structure of Paraguayan bats: multiple gradients require analysis of multiple ordination axes - Steven J. Presley; Christopher L. Higgins; Celia López-González; Richard D. Stevens (Oecologia, 2009)

A Literal Use of “Forest Health” Safeguards against Misuse and Misapplication - Kenneth F. Raffa; Brian Aukema; Barbara J. Bentz; Allan Carroll; Nadir Erbilgin; Daniel A. Herms; Jeffrey A. Hicke; Richard W. Hofstetter; Steven Katovich; B. Staffan Lindgren; Jesse Logan; William Mattson; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2009)

Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of two Antarctic notothenioid fish species - Naomi L. Ward; Blaire Steven; Kevin Penn; Barbara A. Methé; William H. Detrich (Extremophiles, 2009)

Lyophilization of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae yields high-quality DNA for use in AFLP genetic studies - Pete L. Clark; David J. Isenhour; Steven R. Skoda; Jaime Molina-Ochoa; Claudia Gianni; John E. Foster (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2009)

Evaluation of glyphosate-tolerant soybean cultivars for resistance to bacterial pustule - Lopa Goradia; Glen L. Hartman; Steven L. Daniel (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009)

Setting the record straight: a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies - Anthony M. Shelton; Steven E. Naranjo; Jörg Romeis; Richard L. Hellmich; Jeffrey D. Wolt; Brian A. Federici; Ramon Albajes; Franz Bigler; Elisabeth P. J. Burgess; Galen P. Dively; Angharad M. R. Gatehouse; Louise A. Malone; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2009)

Intra-community spatial variation of size-fractionated organic compounds in Long Beach, California - Margaret A. Krudysz; Steven J. Dutton; Gregory L. Brinkman; Michael P. Hannigan; Philip M. Fine; Constantinos Sioutas; John R. Froines (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2009)

WAY-163909, a 5-HT2C agonist, enhances the preclinical potency of current antipsychotics - Steven M. Grauer; Radka Graf; Rachel Navarra; Amy Sung; Sheree F. Logue; Gary Stack; Christine Huselton; Zhi Liu; Thomas A. Comery; Karen L. Marquis; Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson (Psychopharmacology, 2009)

Influence of Ethanol on Physical State of Freeze-Dried Mannitol - Akira Takada; Steven L. Nail; Masakatsu Yonese (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

A sediment record of trace metal loadings in the Upper Mississippi River - Steven J. Balogh; Daniel R. Engstrom; James E. Almendinger; Charlene McDermott; Jie Hu; Yabing H. Nollet; Michael L. Meyer; D. Kent Johnson (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2009)

Release of reactive bromine and iodine from diatoms and its possible role in halogen transfer in polar and tropical oceans - Valerie L. Hill; Steven L. Manley (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
An in situ incubation assay measuring the bromination and iodination of phenol red was developed to detect the release of reactive bromine and iodine (primarily hypobromous acid [HOBr] and hypoiodous acid [HOI], respectively) from a putative extracellular bromoperoxidase of marine diatoms. Six of 11 species showed significant release compared to controls. Polar species were particularly active, releasing 0.6–180 fmol HOBr cell −1 h −1 (0.04–1.8 µmol HOBr [mg total chlorophyll] −1 h −1 ; at the seawater bromide concentration, 840 µmol L −1 ) and 1.9–271 fmol HOI cell −1 h −1 (0.02–2.7 µmol HOI [mg total chlorophyll]21 h −1 , at 100 µmol L −1 iodide). Porosira glacialis consistently showed the highest rates of release. Several temperate diatoms, including Achnanthes cf longipes , known to have a bromide‐sensitive peroxidase involved in stalk formation, and warmwater species also showed the ability to release reactive bromine and iodine. This release was influenced by light, temperature, bromide (and iodide) concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and pH. The rate of HOBr release by polar diatoms was much greater than bromoform emissions measured by others from laboratory cultures and seaice algae in the field. This indicates that most of the HOBr released may react with dissolved organic matter (DOM) to form nonvolatile bromine organics. Some fraction of diatom‐produced HOBr and HOI may also form volatile Br 2 and I 2 , which could transfer to the polar troposphere. The reaction of diatom‐released reactive bromine and iodine with seawater DOM may represent the major mechanism in the formation of oceanic polybromo‐ and polyiodo‐methanes.