Review of Fusarium species isolated in association with mango malformation in Australia - E. C. Y. Liew; M. H. Laurence; C. A. Pearce; R. G. Shivas; G. I. Johnson; Y.P. Tan; J. Edwards; S. Perry; A.W. Cooke; B. A. Summerell (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016)

Lysozyme activity of the R uminococcus champanellensis cellulosome - Sarah Moraïs; Darrell W. Cockburn; Yonit Ben‐David; Nicole M. Koropatkin; Eric C. Martens; Sylvia H. Duncan; Harry J. Flint; Itzhak Mizrahi; Edward A. Bayer (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Ruminococcus champanellensis is a keystone species in the human gut that produces an intricate cellulosome system of various architectures. A variety of cellulosomal enzymes have been identified, which exhibit a range of hydrolytic activities on lignocellulosic substrates. We describe herein a unique R. champanellensis scaffoldin, ScaK, which is expressed during growth on cellobiose and comprises a cohesin module and a family 25 glycoside hydrolase (GH25). The GH25 is non‐autolytic and exhibits lysozyme‐mediated lytic activity against several bacterial species. Despite the narrow acidic pH curve, the enzyme is active along a temperature range from 2 to 85°C and is stable at very high temperatures for extended incubation periods. The ScaK cohesin was shown to bind selectively to the dockerin of a monovalent scaffoldin (ScaG), thus enabling formation of a cell‐free cellulosome, whereby ScaG interacts with a divalent scaffodin (ScaA) that bears the enzymes either directly or through additional monovalent scaffoldins (ScaC and ScaD). The ScaK cohesin also interacts with the dockerin of a protein comprising multiple Fn3 domains that can potentially promote adhesion to carbohydrates and the bacterial cell surface. A cell‐free cellulosomal GH25 lysozyme may provide a bacterial strategy to both hydrolyze lignocellulose and repel eventual food competitors and/or cheaters.

Metabolome‐mediated biocryomorphic evolution promotes carbon fixation in G reenlandic cryoconite holes - Joseph M. Cook; Arwyn Edwards; Mark Bulling; Luis A. J. Mur; Sophie Cook; Jarishma K. Gokul; Karen A. Cameron; Michael Sweet; Tristram D. L. Irvine‐Fynn (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Microbial photoautotrophs on glaciers engineer the formation of granular microbial‐mineral aggregates termed cryoconite which accelerate ice melt, creating quasi‐cylindrical pits called ‘cryoconite holes’. These act as biogeochemical reactors on the ice surface and provide habitats for remarkably active and diverse microbiota. Evolution of cryoconite holes towards an equilibrium depth is well known, yet interactions between microbial activity and hole morphology are currently weakly addressed. Here, we experimentally perturbed the depths and diameters of cryoconite holes on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Cryoconite holes responded by sensitively adjusting their shapes in three dimensions (‘biocryomorphic evolution’) thus maintaining favourable conditions for net autotrophy at the hole floors. Non‐targeted metabolomics reveals concomitant shifts in cyclic AMP and fucose metabolism consistent with phototaxis and extracellular polymer synthesis indicating metabolomic‐level granular changes in response to perturbation. We present a conceptual model explaining this process and suggest that it results in remarkably robust net autotrophy on the Greenland Ice Sheet. We also describe observations of cryoconite migrating away from shade, implying a degree of self‐regulation of carbon budgets over mesoscales. Since cryoconite is a microbe‐mineral aggregate, it appears that microbial processes themselves form and maintain stable autotrophic habitats on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet.

Development of a Novel Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model to Accurately Predict Pulmonary Absorption and Replace Routine Use of the Isolated Perfused Respiring Rat Lung Model - Chris D. Edwards; Chris Luscombe; Peter Eddershaw; Edith M. Hessel (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Chest wall motion analysis in healthy volunteers and adults with cystic fibrosis using a novel Kinect-based motion tracking system - James M. Harte; Christopher K. Golby; Johanna Acosta; Edward F. Nash; Ercihan Kiraci; Mark A. Williams; Theodoros N. Arvanitis; Babu Naidu (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2016)

Fission-fusion dynamics in black-and-white ruffed lemurs may facilitate both feeding strategies and communal care of infants in a spatially and temporally variable environment - Sheila M. Holmes; Adam D. Gordon; Edward E. Louis; Steig E. Johnson (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016)

On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten - Steven J. Cooke; Edward H. Allison; T. Douglas Beard; Robert Arlinghaus; Angela H. Arthington; Devin M. Bartley; Ian G. Cowx; Carlos Fuentevilla; Nancy J. Leonard; Kai Lorenzen; Abigail J. Lynch; Vivian M. Nguyen; et al. (Ambio, 2016)

Chalcophile element (Ni, Cu, PGE, and Au) variations in the Tamarack magmatic sulfide deposit in the Midcontinent Rift System: implications for dynamic ore-forming processes - Valentina Taranovic; Edward M. Ripley; Chusi Li; Dean Rossell (Mineralium Deposita, 2016)

Os and S isotope studies of ultramafic rocks in the Duke Island Complex, Alaska: variable degrees of crustal contamination of magmas in an arc setting and implications for Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide mineralization - Eric C. Stifter; Edward M. Ripley; Chusi Li (Mineralium Deposita, 2016)

Colletotrichum species in Australia - Roger G. Shivas; Yu Pei Tan; Jacqueline Edwards; Quang Dinh; Aaron Maxwell; Vera Andjic; José R. Liberato; Chris Anderson; Dean R. Beasley; Kaylene Bransgrove; Lindy M. Coates; Karren Cowan; et al. (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016)

Cytotoxic oplopane sesquiterpenoids from Arnoglossum atriplicifolium - Jason A. Clement; Rachel M. Bleich; Hailey E. Campbell; Kristin Naylor; Matthew J. Flood; Ryan M. Kelly; Shi-Biao Wu; Edward J. Kennelly; Jeffrey D. Schmitt (Natural Product Research, 2016)

The potential of using alternative pastures, forage crops and gibberellic acid to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions - Hong Jie Di; Keith C. Cameron; Andriy Podolyan; Grant R. Edwards; Cecile A. M. de Klein; Robyn Dynes; Roshean Woods (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016)

Novel Method for Recruiting Representative At-Risk Individuals into Cancer Prevention Trials: Online Health Risk Assessment in Employee Wellness Programs - Siu-kuen Azor Hui; Suzanne M. Miller; Leah Hazuda; Kimberly Engelman; Edward F. Ellerbeck (Journal of Cancer Education, 2016)

Intramuscular MAPK signaling following high volume and high intensity resistance exercise protocols in trained men - Adam M. Gonzalez; Jay R. Hoffman; Jeremy R. Townsend; Adam R. Jajtner; Carleigh H. Boone; Kyle S. Beyer; Kayla M. Baker; Adam J. Wells; Gerald T. Mangine; Edward H. Robinson; David D. Church; Leonardo P. Oliveira; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Fine-scale spatial variation in ice cover and surface temperature trends across the surface of the Laurentian Great Lakes - Lacey A. Mason; Catherine M. Riseng; Andrew D. Gronewold; Edward S. Rutherford; Jia Wang; Anne Clites; Sigrid D. P. Smith; Peter B. McIntyre (Climatic Change, 2016)

Augmenting Surgery via Multi-scale Modeling and Translational Systems Biology in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Multidisciplinary Perspective - Ghassan S. Kassab; Gary An; Edward A. Sander; Michael I. Miga; Julius M. Guccione; Songbai Ji; Yoram Vodovotz (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Chemical Composition of Macondo and Other Crude Oils and Compositional Alterations During Oil Spills - Edward Overton; Terry Wade; Jagoit Radovic; Buffy Meyer; M. Scott Miles; Stephen Larter (Oceanography, 2016)

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity - Satria P. Sajuthi; Neeraj K. Sharma; Jeff W. Chou; Nicholette D. Palmer; David R. McWilliams; John Beal; Mary E. Comeau; Lijun Ma; Jorge Calles-Escandon; Jamehl Demons; Samantha Rogers; Kristina Cherry; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Daphnia magna’s sense of competition: intra-specific interactions (ISI) alter life history strategies and increase metals toxicity - Kurt A. Gust; Alan J. Kennedy; Nicolas L. Melby; Mitchell S. Wilbanks; Jennifer Laird; Barbara Meeks; Erik B. Muller; Roger M. Nisbet; Edward J. Perkins (Ecotoxicology, 2016)

Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with increased risk of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; a prospective cohort study - Edward R. Hammond; Rosa M. Crum; Glenn J. Treisman; Shruti H. Mehta; David B. Clifford; Ronald J. Ellis; Benjamin B. Gelman; Igor Grant; Scott L. Letendre; Christina M. Marra; Susan Morgello; David M. Simpson; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Influence of (FeO+TiO2) abundance on the microwave thermal emissions of lunar regolith - ZhiGuo Meng; GuoDong Yang; JinSong Ping; ZhanChuan Cai; Alexander Gusev; Edward M. Osei (Science China Earth Sciences, 2016)

Land colonisation by fish is associated with predictable changes in life history - Edward R. M. Platt; Ashley M. Fowler; Terry J. Ord (Oecologia, 2016)

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

The 12-day thermoregulatory metamorphosis of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) - Sarah K. Goy Sirsat; Tushar S. Sirsat; Janna L. Crossley; Paul R. Sotherland; Edward M. Dzialowski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2016)

Your Science Conference Should Have a Code of Conduct - Brett Favaro; Samantha Oester; John A. Cigliano; Leslie A. Cornick; Edward J. Hind; E. C. M. Parsons; Tracey J. Woodbury (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Genetic Analysis of the Indri Reveals No Evidence of Distinct Subspecies - Rick A. Brenneman; Adam T. McLain; Justin M. Taylor; John R. Zaonarivelo; Runhua Lei; Susie M. McGuire; Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana; Anthony B. Rylands; Edward E. Louis (International Journal of Primatology, 2016)

Projections of climate change effects on discharge and inundation in the Amazon basin - Mino Viana Sorribas; Rodrigo C. D. Paiva; John M. Melack; Juan Martin Bravo; Charles Jones; Leila Carvalho; Edward Beighley; Bruce Forsberg; Marcos Heil Costa (Climatic Change, 2016)

Correlates of objectively measured sedentary behavior in breast cancer survivors - Siobhan M. Phillips; Gillian R. Lloyd; Elizabeth A. Awick; Edward McAuley (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

A prospective study of oral contraceptive use and colorectal adenomas - Brittany M. Charlton; Edward Giovannucci; Charles S. Fuchs; Andrew T. Chan; Jung Eun Lee; Yin Cao; Stacey A. Missmer; Bernard A. Rosner; Susan E. Hankinson; Walter Willett; Kana Wu; Karin B. Michels (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

The impact of tropical forest logging and oil palm agriculture on the soil microbiome - Binu M. Tripathi; David P. Edwards; Lucas William Mendes; Mincheol Kim; Ke Dong; Hyoki Kim; Jonathan M. Adams (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Selective logging and forest conversion to oil palm agriculture are rapidly altering tropical forests. However, functional responses of the soil microbiome to these land‐use changes are poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we compared composition and functional attributes of soil biota between unlogged, once‐logged and twice‐logged rainforest, and areas converted to oil palm plantations in Sabah, Borneo. Although there was no significant effect of logging history, we found a significant difference between the taxonomic and functional composition of both primary and logged forests and oil palm. Oil palm had greater abundances of genes associated with DNA , RNA , protein metabolism and other core metabolic functions, but conversely, lower abundance of genes associated with secondary metabolism and cell–cell interactions, indicating less importance of antagonism or mutualism in the more oligotrophic oil palm environment. Overall, these results show a striking difference in taxonomic composition and functional gene diversity of soil microorganisms between oil palm and forest, but no significant difference between primary forest and forest areas with differing logging history. This reinforces the view that logged forest retains most features and functions of the original soil community. However, networks based on strong correlations between taxonomy and functions showed that network complexity is unexpectedly increased due to both logging and oil palm agriculture, which suggests a pervasive effect of both land‐use changes on the interaction of soil microbes.

Nitrogen availability increases in a tundra ecosystem during five years of experimental permafrost thaw - Verity G. Salmon; Patrick Soucy; Marguerite Mauritz; Gerardo Celis; Susan M. Natali; Michelle C. Mack; Edward A. G. Schuur (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Perennially frozen soil in high latitude ecosystems (permafrost) currently stores 1330–1580 Pg of carbon (C). As these ecosystems warm, the thaw and decomposition of permafrost is expected to release large amounts of C to the atmosphere. Fortunately, losses from the permafrost C pool will be partially offset by increased plant productivity. The degree to which plants are able to sequester C, however, will be determined by changing nitrogen (N) availability in these thawing soil profiles. N availability currently limits plant productivity in tundra ecosystems but plant access to N is expected improve as decomposition increases in speed and extends to deeper soil horizons. To evaluate the relationship between permafrost thaw and N availability, we monitored N cycling during 5 years of experimentally induced permafrost thaw at the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (Ci PEHR ) project. Inorganic N availability increased significantly in response to deeper thaw and greater soil moisture induced by Soil warming. This treatment also prompted a 23% increase in aboveground biomass and a 49% increase in foliar N pools. The sedge Eriophorum vaginatum responded most strongly to warming: this species explained 91% of the change in aboveground biomass during the 5 year period. Air warming had little impact when applied alone, but when applied in combination with Soil warming, growing season soil inorganic N availability was significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that there is a strong positive relationship between the depth of permafrost thaw and N availability in tundra ecosystems but that this relationship can be diminished by interactions between increased thaw, warmer air temperatures, and higher levels of soil moisture. Within 5 years of permafrost thaw, plants actively incorporate newly available N into biomass but C storage in live vascular plant biomass is unlikely to be greater than losses from deep soil C pools.

Multiple S isotopes, zircon Hf isotopes, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes, and spatial variations of PGE tenors in the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, NW China - Jun Duan; Chusi Li; Zhuangzhi Qian; Jiangang Jiao; Edward M. Ripley; Yanqing Feng (Mineralium Deposita, 2016)

Participant views on consent in cancer genetics research: preparing for the precision medicine era - Karen L. Edwards; Diane M. Korngiebel; Lesley Pfeifer; Deborah Goodman; Anne Renz; Lari Wenzel; Deborah J. Bowen; Celeste M. Condit (Journal of Community Genetics, 2016)

The Yin and Yang of copper during infection - Angelique N. Besold; Edward M. Culbertson; Valeria C. Culotta (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2016)

A Framework to Assess Biogeochemical Response to Ecosystem Disturbance Using Nutrient Partitioning Ratios - J. Marty Kranabetter; Kendra K. McLauchlan; Sara K. Enders; Jennifer M. Fraterrigo; Philip E. Higuera; Jesse L. Morris; Edward B. Rastetter; Rebecca Barnes; Brian Buma; Daniel G. Gavin; Laci M. Gerhart; Lindsey Gillson; et al. (Ecosystems, 2016)

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology - Helen E. Roy; Peter M. J. Brown; Tim Adriaens; Nick Berkvens; Isabel Borges; Susana Clusella-Trullas; Richard F. Comont; Patrick De Clercq; Rene Eschen; Arnaud Estoup; Edward W. Evans; Benoit Facon; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee - Mart Krupovic; Bas E. Dutilh; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Johannes Wittmann; Finn K. Vogensen; Mathew B. Sullivan; Janis Rumnieks; David Prangishvili; Rob Lavigne; Andrew M. Kropinski; Jochen Klumpp; Annika Gillis; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

An integrated pan‐tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets - Valerio Avitabile; Martin Herold; Gerard B. M. Heuvelink; Simon L. Lewis; Oliver L. Phillips; Gregory P. Asner; John Armston; Peter S. Ashton; Lindsay Banin; Nicolas Bayol; Nicholas J. Berry; Pascal Boeckx; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass ( AGB ) ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 108 , 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change , 2 , 2012, 182) into a pan‐tropical AGB map at 1‐km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high‐resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1‐km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N–23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9–18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South‐East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15–21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha −1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha −1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy‐relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country‐specific reference datasets.

Prediction of Timing of Watermain Failure Using Gene Expression Models - Ahmed M. A. Sattar; B. Gharabaghi; Edward A. McBean (Water Resources Management, 2016)

The biogeographical status of Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursch in sub-Arctic southern Greenland: Do pollen records indicate local populations during the past 1500 years? - Paul M. Ledger; Kevin J. Edwards; J. Edward Schofield (Polar Biology, 2016)

Native and alien herbaceous plants in the Brazilian Cerrado are (co-)limited by different nutrients - Luciola S. Lannes; Mercedes M. C. Bustamante; Peter J. Edwards; Harry Olde Venterink (Plant and Soil, 2016)

A study of common scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) visual systems reveals the expression of a single opsin - Katie F. Manwaring; Michael F. Whiting; Edward Wilcox; Seth M. Bybee (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2016)

Seismic hazard mapping and mitigation policy development in the central USA and western China - Zhenming Wang; Alice M. Orton; Lanmin Wang; Edward W. Woolery (Natural Hazards, 2016)

The invertebrate ecology of the Chalk aquifer in England (UK) - L. Maurice; A. R. Robertson; D. White; L. Knight; T. Johns; F. Edwards; M. Arietti; J. P. R. Sorensen; D. Weitowitz; B. P. Marchant; J. P. Bloomfield (Hydrogeology Journal, 2016)

Accelerating Adverse Outcome Pathway Development Using Publicly Available Data Sources - Noffisat O. Oki; Mark D. Nelms; Shannon M. Bell; Holly M. Mortensen; Stephen W. Edwards (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2016)

Soil microorganisms behave like macroscopic organisms: patterns in the global distribution of soil euglyphid testate amoebae - Enrique Lara; Ludovic Roussel‐Delif; Bertrand Fournier; David M. Wilkinson; Edward A. D. Mitchell (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Patterns of α‐ and β‐diversity of soil protist communities and the factors that shape them remain largely unknown. We undertook a world‐wide survey of forest litter to investigate the patterns of diversity in a group of testate amoebae. We aimed to assess: (1) whether there is a latitudinal gradient in α‐diversity, and (2) whether β‐diversity was correlated solely with environmental factors commonly used in soil biology research or if it was also independently explained by geographical barriers. Location World‐wide. Methods We studied the diversity of Euglyphida, a common group of testate amoebae, in 35 samples of forest litter and moss samples from a global survey, using small subunit rRNA gene sequences. We assessed the relationship between sample α‐diversity and latitude using generalized additive models ( GAM ). Furthermore, we determined the relationships between community composition and geographical models (distance‐based Moran's Eigenvector Maps – db‐ MEM ) using Generalized UniFrac distances ( GU niFrac). We also investigated the relationship between individual measured soil parameters, WorldClim data and diversity (alpha plus beta) using both raw data and synthetic variables obtained through principal components analysis. Results We recorded 245 phylotypes belonging to 6 out of 7 known Euglyphida families, plus four novel deep clades. Euglyphid α‐diversity was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with latitude and litter C/N ratio. Euglyphida community structure was correlated with the spatial eigenvector Db‐ MEM 31, independently of all measured environmental variables. Db‐ MEM 31 corresponds to a natural barrier constituted by the Northern Hemisphere desert belt. Beta diversity was correlated with other environmental variables, such as pH , isothermality and temperature in the coldest month of the year. Main conclusions Soil euglyphid α‐diversity displays a latitudinal gradient, and β‐diversity is not only correlated with climatic and physicochemical parameters but also with geographical barriers. Such patterns of diversity were until recently believed to be characteristic only for macroscopic organisms.

Restoring ecosystems, restoring community: socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of a community-based coral reef restoration project - John N. Kittinger; Trisann M. Bambico; Dwayne Minton; Alyssa Miller; Manuel Mejia; Nahaku Kalei; Bradley Wong; Edward W. Glazier (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Synthesis and antimalarial activity of new nanocopolymer β-lactams and molecular docking study of their monomers - Edris Ebrahimi; Aliasghar Jarrahpour; Nahid Heidari; Véronique Sinou; Christine Latour; Jean M. Brunel; Amin R. Zolghadr; Edward Turos (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2016)

Alcohol exposure in utero is associated with decreased gray matter volume in neonates - Kirsten A. Donald; J. P. Fouche; Annerine Roos; Nastassja Koen; Fleur M. Howells; Edward P. Riley; Roger P. Woods; Heather J. Zar; Katherine L. Narr; Dan J. Stein (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Molecular mechanisms of D-cycloserine in facilitating fear extinction: insights from RNAseq - Stefanie Malan-Müller; Lorren Fairbairn; Willie M. U. Daniels; Mahjoubeh Jalali Sefid Dashti; Edward J. Oakeley; Marc Altorfer; Martin Kidd; Soraya Seedat; Junaid Gamieldien; Sîan Megan Joanna Hemmings (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Niche Divergence in a Brown Lemur (Eulemur spp.) Hybrid Zone: Using Ecological Niche Models to Test Models of Stability - Steig E. Johnson; Kira E. Delmore; Kerry A. Brown; Tracy M. Wyman; Edward E. Louis (International Journal of Primatology, 2016)

The impact of the introduction of fidaxomicin on the management of Clostridium difficile infection in seven NHS secondary care hospitals in England: a series of local service evaluations - S. D. Goldenberg; S. Brown; L. Edwards; D. Gnanarajah; P. Howard; D. Jenkins; D. Nayar; M. Pasztor; S. Oliver; T. Planche; J. A. T. Sandoe; P. Wade; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2016)

Evaluation of cystatin C as an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity in the rat - Walter C. Prozialeck; Aaron VanDreel; Christopher D. Ackerman; Ian Stock; Alexander Papaeliou; Christian Yasmine; Kristen Wilson; Peter C. Lamar; Victoria L. Sears; Joshua Z. Gasiorowski; Karyn M. DiNovo; Vishal S. Vaidya; et al. (BioMetals, 2016)

Horses naturally infected with EIAV harbor 2 distinct SU populations but are monophyletic with respect to IN - Diana T. Cervantes; Judith M. Ball; John Edwards; Susan Payne (Virus Genes, 2016)

Enzymatic profiling of cellulosomal enzymes from the human gut bacterium, R uminococcus champanellensis , reveals a fine‐tuned system for cohesin‐dockerin recognition - Sarah Moraïs; Yonit Ben David; Lizi Bensoussan; Sylvia H. Duncan; Nicole M. Koropatkin; Eric C. Martens; Harry J. Flint; Edward A. Bayer (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary R uminococcus champanellensis is considered a keystone species in the human gut that degrades microcrystalline cellulose efficiently and contains the genetic elements necessary for cellulosome production. The basic elements of its cellulosome architecture, mainly cohesin and dockerin modules from scaffoldins and enzyme‐borne dockerins, have been characterized recently. In this study, we cloned, expressed and characterized all of the glycoside hydrolases that contain a dockerin module. Among the 25 enzymes, 10 cellulases, 4 xylanases, 3 mannanases, 2 xyloglucanases, 2 arabinofuranosidases, 2 arabinanases and one β‐glucanase were assessed for their comparative enzymatic activity on their respective substrates. The dockerin specificities of the enzymes were examined by ELISA , and 80 positives out of 525 possible interactions were detected. Our analysis reveals a fine‐tuned system for cohesin–dockerin specificity and the importance of diversity among the cohesin–dockerin sequences. Our results imply that cohesin–dockerin pairs are not necessarily assembled at random among the same specificity types, as generally believed for other cellulosome‐producing bacteria, but reveal a more organized cellulosome architecture. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of the cellulosome paradigm for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation by R . champanellensis in the human gut.

Does Increased Road Dust Due to Energy Development Impact Wetlands in the Bakken Region? - Jessica Creuzer; Christina L. M. Hargiss; Jack E. Norland; Thomas DeSutter; Francis X. Casey; Edward S. DeKeyser; Mike Ell (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016)

Enigmatic spheres from the Upper Triassic Lockatong Formation, Newark Basin of eastern Pennsylvania: evidence for microbial activity in marginal-lacustrine strandline deposits - Edward L. Simpson; David L. Fillmore; Michael J. Szajna; Emily Bogner; Margariete G. Malenda; Kelsey M. Livingston; Brian Hartline (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2015)

Comments on manuscript—Zheng, J., Huynh, T., Gasparon, M., Ng, J. and Noller, B., 2013. Human health risk assessment of lead from mining activities at semi-arid locations in the context of total lead exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 8404–8416 - M. P. Taylor; A. K. Mackay; N. C. Munksgaard; K. A. Hudson-Edwards (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

Differences in Ecosystem Carbon Distribution and Nutrient Cycling Linked to Forest Tree Species Composition in a Mid-Successional Boreal Forest - April M. Melvin; Michelle C. Mack; Jill F. Johnstone; A. David McGuire; Helene Genet; Edward A. G. Schuur (Ecosystems, 2015)

When Anti-Aging Studies Meet Cancer Chemoprevention: Can Anti-Aging Agent Kill Two Birds with One Blow? - Noriko N. Yokoyama; Andria P. Denmon; Edward M. Uchio; Mark Jordan; Dan Mercola; Xiaolin Zi (Current Pharmacology Reports, 2015)

First record of coralline lethal orange disease (CLOD) in the Indian Ocean - G. S. Aeby; K. Diraviya Raj; G. Mathews; M. Selva Bharath; J. K. Patterson Edward (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster - Edward D. Zaron; Patrick J. Fitzpatrick; Scott L. Cross; John M. Harding; Frank L. Bub; Jerry D. Wiggert; Dong S. Ko; Yee Lau; Katharine Woodard; Christopher N. K. Mooers (Frontiers of Earth Science, 2015)

Speciation with gene flow in whiptail lizards from a Neotropical xeric biome - Eliana F. Oliveira; Marcelo Gehara; Vinícius A. São‐Pedro; Xin Chen; Edward A. Myers; Frank T. Burbrink; Daniel O. Mesquita; Adrian A. Garda; Guarino R. Colli; Miguel T. Rodrigues; Federico J. Arias; Hussam Zaher; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversification of the Caatinga biota. The riverine barrier hypothesis ( RBH ) claims that the São Francisco River ( SFR ) is a major biogeographic barrier to gene flow. The Pleistocene climatic fluctuation hypothesis ( PCH ) states that gene flow, geographic genetic structure and demographic signatures on endemic Caatinga taxa were influenced by Quaternary climate fluctuation cycles. Herein, we analyse genetic diversity and structure, phylogeographic history, and diversification of a widespread Caatinga lizard ( Cnemidophorus ocellifer ) based on large geographical sampling for multiple loci to test the predictions derived from the RBH and PCH . We inferred two well‐delimited lineages (Northeast and Southwest) that have diverged along the Cerrado–Caatinga border during the Mid‐Late Miocene (6–14 Ma) despite the presence of gene flow. We reject both major hypotheses proposed to explain diversification in the Caatinga. Surprisingly, our results revealed a striking complex diversification pattern where the Northeast lineage originated as a founder effect from a few individuals located along the edge of the Southwest lineage that eventually expanded throughout the Caatinga. The Southwest lineage is more diverse, older and associated with the Cerrado–Caatinga boundaries. Finally, we suggest that C. ocellifer from the Caatinga is composed of two distinct species. Our data support speciation in the presence of gene flow and highlight the role of environmental gradients in the diversification process.

Breaking out of biogeographical modules: range expansion and taxon cycles in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole - Evan P. Economo; Eli M. Sarnat; Milan Janda; Ronald Clouse; Pavel B. Klimov; Georg Fischer; Benjamin D. Blanchard; Lizette N. Ramirez; Alan N. Andersen; Maia Berman; Benoit Guénard; Andrea Lucky; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim We sought to reconstruct the biogeographical structure and dynamics of a hyperdiverse ant genus, Pheidole, and to test several predictions of the taxon cycle hypothesis. Using large datasets on Pheidole geographical distributions and phylogeny, we (1) inferred patterns of biogeographical modularity (clusters of areas with similar faunal composition), (2) tested whether species in open habitats are more likely to be expanding their range beyond module boundaries, and (3) tested whether there is a bias of lineage flow from high‐ to low‐diversity areas. Location The Old World. Methods We compiled and jointly analysed a comprehensive database of Pheidole geographical distributions, the ecological affinities of different species, and a multilocus phylogeny of the Old World radiation. We used network modularity methods to infer biogeographical structure in the genus and comparative methods to evaluate the hypotheses. Results The network analysis identified eight biogeographical modules, and a suite of species with anomalous ranges that are statistically more likely to occur in open habitat, supporting the hypothesis that open habitats promote range expansion. Phylogenetic analysis shows evidence for a cascade pattern of colonization from Asia to New Guinea to the Pacific, but no ‘upstream’ colonization in the reverse direction. Main conclusions The distributions of Pheidole lineages in the Old World are highly modular, with modules generally corresponding to biogeographical regions inferred in other groups of organisms. However, some lineages have expanded their ranges across module boundaries, and these species are more likely to be adapted to open habitats rather than interior forest. In addition, there is a cascade pattern of dispersal from higher to lower diversity areas during these range expansions. Our findings are consistent with the taxon cycle hypothesis, although they do not rule out alternative interpretations.

Decadal warming causes a consistent and persistent shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic respiration in contrasting permafrost ecosystems - Caitlin E. Hicks Pries; Richard S. P. van Logtestijn; Edward A. G. Schuur; Susan M. Natali; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Rien Aerts; Ellen Dorrepaal (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Soil carbon in permafrost ecosystems has the potential to become a major positive feedback to climate change if permafrost thaw increases heterotrophic decomposition. However, warming can also stimulate autotrophic production leading to increased ecosystem carbon storage—a negative climate change feedback. Few studies partitioning ecosystem respiration examine decadal warming effects or compare responses among ecosystems. Here, we first examined how 11 years of warming during different seasons affected autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a bryophyte‐dominated peatland in Abisko, Sweden. We used natural abundance radiocarbon to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic respiration, associated with production, and heterotrophic decomposition. Summertime warming decreased the age of carbon respired by the ecosystem due to increased proportional contributions from autotrophic and young soil respiration and decreased proportional contributions from old soil. Summertime warming's large effect was due to not only warmer air temperatures during the growing season, but also to warmer deep soils year‐round. Second, we compared ecosystem respiration responses between two contrasting ecosystems, the Abisko peatland and a tussock‐dominated tundra in Healy, Alaska. Each ecosystem had two different timescales of warming (

Lignin‐modifying processes in the rhizosphere of arid land grasses - Corey M. Hudson; Edward Kirton; Miriam I. Hutchinson; Joanna L. Redfern; Blake Simmons; Eric Ackerman; Seema Singh; Kelly P. Williams; Donald O. Natvig; Amy J. Powell (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Genes associated with elevated oxidative enzyme activities in arid systems have not been well characterized. To link measured oxidative activities with specific enzymes, we assembled protein‐coding reads from the rhizospheres ( RHZ ) of two arid land grasses. Targeted gene scans for open reading frames, encoding genes potentially involved in lignin modification, resulted in 127 distinct assembly products. The putative genes included those significantly similar to C lass II secretory fungal peroxidases. These genes are expressed at sufficiently high levels for assembly, annotation and differentiation across experimental conditions, and they demonstrate the interplay of root systems, environment and plant microbiomes. The genes assembled also included copper‐dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. We detail the enzymes in the host grass RHZs and present a preliminary taxonomic microhabitat characterization. Our findings provide support for biologically mediated Fenton chemistry in the root zones of desert grasses, and provide insight into arid land carbon flow. These results also demonstrate a hyperdiverse microbial community. Both ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA sequences were dominated by bacteria, followed by fungal sequence abundance. Among the notable fungal sequences were those from the members of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( G lomeromycota), which though abundant in this study, we rarely observed in previous PCR ‐based surveys.

Using Data Mining to Understand Drinking Water Advisories in Small Water Systems: a Case Study of Ontario First Nations Drinking Water Supplies - Richard Harvey; Heather M. Murphy; Edward A. McBean; Bahram Gharabaghi (Water Resources Management, 2015)

Evaluation of microbial transport during aerobic bioaugmentation of an RDX-contaminated aquifer - Fiona H. Crocker; Karl J. Indest; Carina M. Jung; Dawn E. Hancock; Mark E. Fuller; Paul B. Hatzinger; Simon Vainberg; Jonathan D. Istok; Edward Wilson; Mandy M. Michalsen (Biodegradation, 2015)

Myocardial Perfusion: Characteristics of Distal Intramyocardial Arteriolar Trees - Mair Zamir; Andrew J. Vercnocke; Phillip K. Edwards; Jill L. Anderson; Steven M. Jorgensen; Erik L. Ritman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015)

Nutrient enrichment intensifies hurricane impact in scrub mangrove ecosystems in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA - Ilka C. Feller; Emily M. Dangremond; Donna J. Devlin; Catherine E. Lovelock; C. Edward Proffitt; Wilfrid Rodriguez (Ecology, 2015)
Mangroves are an ecological assemblage of trees and shrubs adapted to grow in intertidal environments along tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate coasts. Despite repeated demonstrations of their ecologic and economic value, multiple stressors including nutrient over‐enrichment threaten these and other coastal wetlands globally. These ecosystems will be further stressed if tropical storm intensity and frequency increase in response to global climate changes. These stressors will likely interact, but the outcome of that interaction is uncertain. Here, we examined potential interaction between nutrient over‐enrichment and the September 2004 hurricanes. Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne made landfall along Florida's Indian River Lagoon and caused extensive damage to a long‐term fertilization experiment in a mangrove forest, which previously revealed that productivity was nitrogen (N) limited across the forest and, in particular, that N enrichment dramatically increased growth rates and aboveground biomass of stunted Avicennia germinans trees in the interior scrub zone. During the hurricanes, these trees experienced significant defoliation with three to four times greater reduction in leaf area index (LAI) than control trees. Over the long term, the +N scrub trees took four years to recover compared to two years for controls. In the adjacent fringe and transition zones, LAI was reduced by >70%, but with no differences based on zone or fertilization treatment. Despite continued delayed mortality for at least five years after the storms, LAI in the fringe and transition returned to pre‐hurricane conditions in two years. Thus, nutrient over‐enrichment of the coastal zone will increase the productivity of scrub mangroves, which dominate much of the mangrove landscape in Florida and the Caribbean; however, that benefit is offset by a decrease in their resistance and resilience to hurricane damage that has the potential to destabilize the system.

Fostering effective international collaboration for marine science in small island states - Edward J. Hind; Steven M. Alexander; Stephanie J. Green; Jacob P. Kritzer; Michael J. Sweet; Ayana Elizabeth Johnson; Fabian P. Amargós; Nicola S. Smith; Angelie M. Peterson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2015)

Influence of a forest preserve on aquatic macroinvertebrates, habitat quality, and water quality in an urban stream - Patrick M. Wilkins; Yong Cao; Edward J. Heske; Jeffrey M. Levengood (Urban Ecosystems, 2015)

The Effect of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients on Aerosol Electrostatic Charges from Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers - Yang Chen; Paul M. Young; David F. Fletcher; Hak Kim Chan; Edward Long; David Lewis; Tanya Church; Daniela Traini (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Cellular therapy in combination with cytokines improves survival in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer - Susan B. Ingersoll; Sarfraz Ahmad; Hasina C. McGann; Robert K. Banks; Nicole M. Stavitzski; Milan Srivastava; Ghazanfar Ali; Neil J. Finkler; John R. Edwards; Robert W. Holloway (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2015)

The Feasibility and Acceptability of Google Glass for Teletoxicology Consults - Peter R. Chai; Kavita M. Babu; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015)

Evidence of the St. Clair-Detroit River System as a dispersal corridor and nursery habitat for transient larval burbot - Darrin E. McCullough; Edward F. Roseman; Kevin M. Keeler; Robin L. DeBruyne; Jeremy J. Pritt; Patricia A. Thompson; Stacey Ireland; Jason E. Ross; Dustin Bowser; Robert D. Hunter; Dana Castle; Jason L. Fischer; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Experimental Warming Alters Productivity and Isotopic Signatures of Tundra Mosses - Kirsten K. Deane-Coe; Marguerite Mauritz; Gerardo Celis; Verity Salmon; Kathryn G. Crummer; Susan M. Natali; Edward A. G. Schuur (Ecosystems, 2015)

Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with brain structure, cognition, and mood in a middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - Elizabeth A. Boots; Stephanie A. Schultz; Jennifer M. Oh; Jordan Larson; Dorothy Edwards; Dane Cook; Rebecca L. Koscik; Maritza N. Dowling; Catherine L. Gallagher; Cynthia M. Carlsson; Howard A. Rowley; Barbara B. Bendlin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2015)

Inter-comparison of the potentially active prokaryotic communities in the halocline sediments of Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline basins - Konstantinos A. Kormas; Maria G. Pachiadaki; Hera Karayanni; Edward R. Leadbetter; Joan M. Bernhard; Virginia P. Edgcomb (Extremophiles, 2015)

Ruminococcal cellulosome systems from rumen to human - Yonit Ben David; Bareket Dassa; Ilya Borovok; Raphael Lamed; Nicole M. Koropatkin; Eric C. Martens; Bryan A. White; Annick Bernalier‐Donadille; Sylvia H. Duncan; Harry J. Flint; Edward A. Bayer; Sarah Moraïs (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary A cellulolytic fiber‐degrading bacterium, R uminococcus champanellensis , was isolated from human faecal samples, and its genome was recently sequenced. Bioinformatic analysis of the R . champanellensis genome revealed numerous cohesin and dockerin modules, the basic elements of the cellulosome, and manual sequencing of partially sequenced genomic segments revealed two large tandem scaffoldin‐coding genes that form part of a gene cluster. Representative R . champanellensis dockerins were tested against putative cohesins, and the results revealed three different cohesin–dockerin binding profiles which implied two major types of cellulosome architectures: (i) an intricate cell‐bound system and (ii) a simplistic cell‐free system composed of a single cohesin‐containing scaffoldin. The cell‐bound system can adopt various enzymatic architectures, ranging from a single enzyme to a large enzymatic complex comprising up to 11 enzymes. The variety of cellulosomal components together with adaptor proteins may infer a very tight regulation of its components. The cellulosome system of the human gut bacterium R . champanellensis closely resembles that of the bovine rumen bacterium R uminococcus flavefaciens . The two species contain orthologous gene clusters comprising fundamental components of cellulosome architecture. Since R . champanellensis is the only human colonic bacterium known to degrade crystalline cellulose, it may thus represent a keystone species in the human gut.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and elements in sediments associated with a suburban railway - Jeffrey M. Levengood; Edward J. Heske; Patrick M. Wilkins; John W. Scott (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015)

Toward the genetic origins of a potentially non-native population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Alberta - Andrew M. Rezansoff; Erika Crispo; Christopher Blair; Edward Cruz; Jun Kitano; Steven M. Vamosi; Sean M. Rogers (Conservation Genetics, 2015)

Adolescent dietary vitamin D and sun exposure in relation to benign breast disease - Caroline E. Boeke; Rulla M. Tamimi; Catherine S. Berkey; Graham A. Colditz; Edward Giovannucci; Susan Malspeis; Walter C. Willett; A. Lindsay Frazier (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

Diverse phenotypic consequences of mutations affecting the C-terminus of FLNA - Margriet van Kogelenberg; Alice R. Clark; Zandra Jenkins; Tim Morgan; Ananda Anandan; Gregory M. Sawyer; Matthew Edwards; Tracy Dudding; Tessa Homfray; Bruce Castle; John Tolmie; Fiona Stewart; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2015)

Proceedings of the second international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting - Shuji Ogino; Peter T. Campbell; Reiko Nishihara; Amanda I. Phipps; Andrew H. Beck; Mark E. Sherman; Andrew T. Chan; Melissa A. Troester; Adam J. Bass; Kathryn C. Fitzgerald; Rafael A. Irizarry; Karl T. Kelsey; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2015)

The Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Valence State on Reactive Oxygen Species and Toxicity - Katherine M. Dunnick; Rajalekshmi Pillai; Kelly L. Pisane; Aleksandr B. Stefaniak; Edward M. Sabolsky; Stephen S. Leonard (Biological Trace Element Research, 2015)

A pan‐Arctic synthesis of CH 4 and CO 2 production from anoxic soil incubations - Claire C. Treat; Susan M. Natali; Jessica Ernakovich; Colleen M. Iversen; Massimo Lupascu; Anthony David McGuire; Richard J. Norby; Taniya Roy Chowdhury; Andreas Richter; Hana Šantrůčková; Christina Schädel; Edward A. G. Schuur; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Permafrost thaw can alter the soil environment through changes in soil moisture, frequently resulting in soil saturation, a shift to anaerobic decomposition, and changes in the plant community. These changes, along with thawing of previously frozen organic material, can alter the form and magnitude of greenhouse gas production from permafrost ecosystems. We synthesized existing methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) production measurements from anaerobic incubations of boreal and tundra soils from the geographic permafrost region to evaluate large‐scale controls of anaerobic CO 2 and CH 4 production and compare the relative importance of landscape‐level factors (e.g., vegetation type and landscape position), soil properties (e.g., pH, depth, and soil type), and soil environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and relative water table position). We found fivefold higher maximum CH 4 production per gram soil carbon from organic soils than mineral soils. Maximum CH 4 production from soils in the active layer (ground that thaws and refreezes annually) was nearly four times that of permafrost per gram soil carbon, and CH 4 production per gram soil carbon was two times greater from sites without permafrost than sites with permafrost. Maximum CH 4 and median anaerobic CO 2 production decreased with depth, while CO 2 :CH 4 production increased with depth. Maximum CH 4 production was highest in soils with herbaceous vegetation and soils that were either consistently or periodically inundated. This synthesis identifies the need to consider biome, landscape position, and vascular/moss vegetation types when modeling CH 4 production in permafrost ecosystems and suggests the need for longer‐term anaerobic incubations to fully capture CH 4 dynamics. Our results demonstrate that as climate warms in arctic and boreal regions, rates of anaerobic CO 2 and CH 4 production will increase, not only as a result of increased temperature, but also from shifts in vegetation and increased ground saturation that will accompany permafrost thaw.

Drivers of North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream variability - Richard Hall; Róbert Erdélyi; Edward Hanna; Julie M. Jones; Adam A. Scaife (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)
Polar front jet stream variability is responsible for instances of extreme weather and is crucial for regional climate change. The North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream is of particular significance to the heavily populated areas of western Europe and eastern North America as storm track variability, atmospheric modes of variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), temperature and rainfall are all intimately linked with jet stream changes. Although seasonal and interannual variability are often attributed to internal variability, there are several possible drivers of polar front jet stream changes that are reviewed in this study. Cryospheric effects from sea‐ice extent and snow cover, oceanic effects from North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures and tropical influences such as the El‐Niño Southern Oscillation, and stratospheric effects due to stratospheric circulation variability, solar variability, volcanic eruptions and the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation are all identified in the literature as factors that impact on the Atlantic Polar Front jet stream. These drivers of jet stream variability can oppose or reinforce one another, and there are some indications of possible nonlinear interactions between them. We also review the modelling of jet stream variability. While a consensus has now been reached that some observed drivers can be reproduced in climate models, we conclude that improved understanding of more recently identified drivers of the Atlantic extratropical jet stream is crucial for making progress in regional climate predictions on all timescales from months to decades ahead.

Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Rethinking a Misnomer - David M. Mushet; Aram J. K. Calhoun; Laurie C. Alexander; Matthew J. Cohen; Edward S. DeKeyser; Laurie Fowler; Charles R. Lane; Megan W. Lang; Mark C. Rains; Susan C. Walls (Wetlands, 2015)

An ant–plant by-product mutualism is robust to selective logging of rain forest and conversion to oil palm plantation - Tom M. Fayle; David P. Edwards; William A. Foster; Kalsum M. Yusah; Edgar C. Turner (Oecologia, 2015)

Sediment Diagenesis Module for CE-QUAL-W2 Part 2: Numerical Formulation - Shwet Prakash; Jerry A. Vandenberg; Edward M. Buchak (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2015)

Sediment Diagenesis Module for CE-QUAL-W2. Part 1: Conceptual Formulation - Jerry A. Vandenberg; Shwet Prakash; Edward M. Buchak (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2015)

Bison foraging responds to fire frequency in nutritionally heterogeneous grassland - Edward J. Raynor; Anthony Joern; John M. Briggs (Ecology, 2015)
Foraging decisions by native grazers in fire‐dependent landscapes modulate the fire–grazing interaction. Uncovering the behavioral mechanisms associated with the attraction of grazers to recently burned areas requires understanding at multiple spatial scales in the ecological foraging hierarchy. This study focused on feeding in the area between steps in a foraging bout, the feeding station, as forage chemistry and vegetation architecture play central roles in these fine‐scale, feeding‐station decisions. The forage maturation hypothesis (FMH) uses the temporal dynamics of forage quality and quantity in grasslands to explain the distribution of large herbivores, but does not address herbivore responses to inter‐patch variation caused by fire‐induced nutrient increases of forage quality. Using an experimental setting with contrasting fire treatments we describe the effects of variable burn history on foraging kinetics by bison at Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS). We assessed the potential to link the FMH in a complementary fashion to the transient maxima hypothesis (TMH) to explain temporal variation in bison responses to grassland forage quality and quantity in response to burning at different temporal frequencies. Forage attributes met predictions of the TMH that allowed us to investigate how forage maturation affects feeding station foraging behavior across watersheds with varying burn frequency. At sites burned in the spring after several years without burning, both bite mass and intake rate increased with increasing biomass at a greater rate during the growing season than during the transitional midsummer seasonal period. In these infrequently burned watersheds, early growing season bite mass (0.6 ± 0.05 g; mean ± SE), bite rate (38 ± 1.5 bites/min), and intake rate (21 ± 2.3 g/min) was reduced by ~15%, 13%, and 29% during the midsummer transitional period. A behavioral response in foraging kinetics at the feeding station occurred where a nonequilibrial pulse of high‐quality resource was made available and then retained by repeated grazing over the growing season. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for demonstrating the fine‐scale behavioral response of a large grazer to fire‐induced changes in forage attributes, while linking two prominent hypotheses proposed to explain spatial variation in forage quality and quantity at local and landscape scales.

Erratum to: A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers - Lorenzo Leggio; William H. Zywiak; Steven M. Edwards; Jennifer W. Tidey; Robert M. Swift; George A. Kenna (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Cell-Penetrating Antimicrobial Peptides – Prospectives for Targeting Intracellular Infections - Jesper S. Bahnsen; Henrik Franzyk; Edward J. Sayers; Arwyn T. Jones; Hanne M. Nielsen (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Association of von Willebrand factor blood levels with exercise hypertension - Sonja B. Nikolic; Murray J. Adams; Petr Otahal; Lindsay M. Edwards; James E. Sharman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

From Red Tides to Green and Brown Tides: Bloom Dynamics in a Restricted Subtropical Lagoon Under Shifting Climatic Conditions - Edward J. Phlips; Susan Badylak; Margaret A. Lasi; Robert Chamberlain; Whitney C. Green; Lauren M. Hall; Jane A. Hart; Jean C. Lockwood; Janice D. Miller; Lori J. Morris; Joel S. Steward (Estuaries and Coasts, 2015)

Climate change implications in the northern coastal temperate rainforest of North America - Colin S. Shanley; Sanjay Pyare; Michael I. Goldstein; Paul B. Alaback; David M. Albert; Colin M. Beier; Todd J. Brinkman; Rick T. Edwards; Eran Hood; Andy MacKinnon; Megan V. McPhee; Trista M. Patterson; et al. (Climatic Change, 2015)

Blood Metal Concentrations of Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium in Relation to Serum Ferritin Levels in Ohio Residents - Yangho Kim; Danelle T. Lobdell; Chris W. Wright; Vihra V. Gocheva; Edward Hudgens; Rosemarie M. Bowler (Biological Trace Element Research, 2015)

Females Exceed Males in Mercury Concentrations of Burbot Lota lota - Charles P. Madenjian; Martin A. Stapanian; Peter A. Cott; David P. Krabbenhoft; William H. Edwards; Lynn M. Ogilvie; Justin G. Mychek-Londer; John F. DeWild (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2015)

Zinc-enriched fertilisers as a potential public health intervention in Africa - Edward J. M. Joy; Alexander J. Stein; Scott D. Young; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Martin R. Broadley (Plant and Soil, 2015)

The Effect of Actuator Nozzle Designs on the Electrostatic Charge Generated in Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler Aerosols - Yang Chen; Paul M. Young; David F. Fletcher; Hak Kim Chan; Edward Long; David Lewis; Tanya Church; Daniela Traini (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Engineered VEGF-releasing PEG–MAL hydrogel for pancreatic islet vascularization - Edward A. Phelps; Kellie L. Templeman; Peter M. Thulé; Andrés J. García (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2015)

Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the endemic Socorro Warbler (Setophaga pitiayumi graysoni) - Edward L. Evans III; Juan E. Martínez-Gómez; Ravinder N. M. Sehgal (Journal of Ornithology, 2015)

Bacteria or melanosomes? A geochemical analysis of micro-bodies on a tadpole from the Oligocene Enspel Formation of Germany - Holly E. Barden; Uwe Bergmann; Nicholas P. Edwards; Victoria M. Egerton; Phillip L. Manning; Sarah Perry; Arjen van Veelen; Roy A. Wogelius; Bart E. van Dongen (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2015)

Anterior–posterior dissociation of the default mode network in dogs - Sreenath P. Kyathanahally; Hao Jia; Oleg M. Pustovyy; Paul Waggoner; Ronald Beyers; John Schumacher; Jay Barrett; Edward E. Morrison; Nouha Salibi; Thomas S. Denney; Vitaly J. Vodyanoy; Gopikrishna Deshpande (Brain Structure and Function, 2015)

Worldwide phylogeography of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data - K. M. Bayha; M. H. Chang; C. L. Mariani; J. L. Richardson; D. L. Edwards; T. S. DeBoer; C. Moseley; E. Aksoy; M. B. Decker; P. M. Gaffney; G. R. Harbison; J. H. McDonald; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2015)

Decadal environmental ‘memory’ in a reef coral? - B. E. Brown; R. P. Dunne; A. J. Edwards; M. J. Sweet; N. Phongsuwan (Marine Biology, 2015)

Evaluating the effect of lake calcium concentration on the acquisition of carapace calcium by freshwater crayfish - Brie A. Edwards; Donald A. Jackson; Keith M. Somers (Hydrobiologia, 2015)

Tolerance of wheat to vegetative stage soil waterlogging is conditioned by both constitutive and adaptive QTL - Diana C. Ballesteros; R. Esten Mason; Christopher K. Addison; M. Andrea Acuña; M. Nelly Arguello; Nithya Subramanian; Randall Galen Miller; Haley Sater; Edward E. Gbur; David Miller; Carl A. Griffey; Marla D. Barnett; et al. (Euphytica, 2015)

Functionality and prevalence of trehalose‐based oligosaccharides as novel compatible solutes in ascospores of N eosartorya fischeri ( A spergillus fischeri ) and other fungi - Timon T. Wyatt; M. Richard van Leeuwen; Elena A. Golovina; Folkert A. Hoekstra; Eric J. Kuenstner; Edward A. Palumbo; Nicole L. Snyder; Cobus Visagie; Alex Verkennis; John E. Hallsworth; Han A.B. Wösten; Jan Dijksterhuis (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Ascospores of N eosartorya , B yssochlamys and T alaromyces can be regarded as the most stress‐resistant eukaryotic cells. They can survive exposure at temperatures as high as 85° C for 100 min or more. N eosartorya fischeri ascospores are more viscous and more resistant to the combined stress of heat and desiccation than the ascospores of T alaromyces macrosporus which contain predominantly trehalose. These ascospores contain trehalose‐based oligosaccharides ( TOS ) that are novel compatible solutes, which are accumulated to high levels. These compounds are also found in other members of the genus N eosartorya and in some other genera within the order Eurotiales that also include B yssochlamys and T alaromyces . The presence of oligosaccharides was observed in species that had a relatively high growth temperature. TOS glasses have a higher glass transition temperature ( T g ) than trehalose, and they form a stable glass with crystallizing molecules, such as mannitol. Our data indicate that TOS are important for prolonged stabilization of cells against stress. The possible unique role of these solutes in protection against dry heat conditions is discussed.

Use of structured expert judgment to forecast invasions by bighead and silver carp in Lake Erie - Marion E. Wittmann; Roger M. Cooke; John D. Rothlisberger; Edward S. Rutherford; Hongyan Zhang; Doran M. Mason; David M. Lodge (Conservation Biology, 2015)
Identifying which nonindigenous species will become invasive and forecasting the damage they will cause is difficult and presents a significant problem for natural resource management. Often, the data or resources necessary for ecological risk assessment are incomplete or absent, leaving environmental decision makers ill equipped to effectively manage valuable natural resources. Structured expert judgment (SEJ) is a mathematical and performance‐based method of eliciting, weighting, and aggregating expert judgments. In contrast to other methods of eliciting and aggregating expert judgments (where, for example, equal weights may be assigned to experts), SEJ weights each expert on the basis of his or her statistical accuracy and informativeness through performance measurement on a set of calibration variables. We used SEJ to forecast impacts of nonindigenous Asian carp ( Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in Lake Erie, where it is believed not to be established. Experts quantified Asian carp biomass, production, and consumption and their impact on 4 fish species if Asian carp were to become established. According to experts, in Lake Erie Asian carp have the potential to achieve biomass levels that are similar to the sum of biomasses for several fishes that are harvested commercially or recreationally. However, the impact of Asian carp on the biomass of these fishes was estimated by experts to be small, relative to long term average biomasses, with little uncertainty. Impacts of Asian carp in tributaries and on recreational activities, water quality, or other species were not addressed. SEJ can be used to quantify key uncertainties of invasion biology and also provide a decision‐support tool when the necessary information for natural resource management and policy is not available. El Uso de Juicio Experto Estructurado para Predecir Invasiones de Carpas Asiáticas en el Lago Erie

The calcium sensing receptor: from calcium sensing to signaling - Chen Zhang; Cassandra Lynn Miller; Edward M. Brown; Jenny J. Yang (Science China Life Sciences, 2015)

A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers - Lorenzo Leggio; William H. Zywiak; Steven M. Edwards; Jennifer W. Tidey; Robert M. Swift; George A. Kenna (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Shifts of tundra bacterial and archaeal communities along a permafrost thaw gradient in A laska - Jie Deng; Yunfu Gu; Jin Zhang; Kai Xue; Yujia Qin; Mengting Yuan; Huaqun Yin; Zhili He; Liyou Wu; Edward A. G. Schuur; James M. Tiedje; Jizhong Zhou (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
Understanding the response of permafrost microbial communities to climate warming is crucial for evaluating ecosystem feedbacks to global change. This study investigated soil bacterial and archaeal communities by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S r RNA gene amplicons across a permafrost thaw gradient at different depths in Alaska with thaw progression for over three decades. Over 4.6 million passing 16S r RNA gene sequences were obtained from a total of 97 samples, corresponding to 61 known classes and 470 genera. Soil depth and the associated soil physical–chemical properties had predominant impacts on the diversity and composition of the microbial communities. Both richness and evenness of the microbial communities decreased with soil depth. Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Alpha‐ and Gamma‐Proteobacteria dominated the microbial communities in the upper horizon, whereas abundances of Bacteroidetes, Delta‐Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased towards deeper soils. Effects of thaw progression were absent in microbial communities in the near‐surface organic soil, probably due to greater temperature variation. Thaw progression decreased the abundances of the majority of the associated taxa in the lower organic soil, but increased the abundances of those in the mineral soil, including groups potentially involved in recalcitrant C degradation (Actinomycetales, Chitinophaga , etc.). The changes in microbial communities may be related to altered soil C sources by thaw progression. Collectively, this study revealed different impacts of thaw in the organic and mineral horizons and suggests the importance of studying both the upper and deeper soils while evaluating microbial responses to permafrost thaw.

Performance of the herb Verbascum thapsus along environmental gradients in its native and non‐native ranges - Tim Seipel; Jake M. Alexander; Curtis C. Daehler; Lisa J. Rew; Peter J. Edwards; Pervaiz A. Dar; Keith McDougall; Bridgett Naylor; Catherine Parks; Fredric W. Pollnac; Zafar A. Reshi; Mel Schroder; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2015)
Aim We evaluated whether the performance of individuals and populations of the invasive plant Verbascum thapsus differs between its native and non‐native ranges, across climate gradients, and in response to its position in a global‐scaled niche model. Location India (Kashmir) and Switzerland (native range) and Australia and USA (Hawaii, Montana and Oregon) (non‐native range). Methods We measured population characteristics (density of flowering individuals, population size), plant traits (plant height, number of flowering branches) and seed germination for 50 populations of V. thapsus growing along elevational gradients in six mountain regions around the world (two in the native range, and four in the non‐native range). We fitted linear regression models to determine the relationship of plant and population level performance variables to range, region, climate and probability of occurrence from a global niche model. Results Plant height, number of flowering branches and population density of V. thapsus did not differ consistently between the native and non‐native ranges, but the area covered by populations in the non‐native range was on average two orders of magnitude larger than the area of native populations. Within and among regions, individual plant performance traits responded variably to precipitation and mean annual temperature, depending on the climatic range of the observed populations; however, performance was greater for populations that had a greater modelled probability of occurrence. Seed germination under controlled conditions was highest between 20 and 35 °C and consistent across populations, although germination at low temperatures was substantially higher for native populations from Kashmir. Main conclusions The introduction of V. thapsus to its non‐native range is not associated with consistent increases in plant performance. Instead, plant performance is more strongly influenced by position within the climate niche of the species, position along environmental gradients, and climatic or other differences among regions. We demonstrate that individual‐level and population‐level performance traits can yield different predictors of plant performance. Therefore, future studies comparing plant performance in native and non‐native ranges should include both plant and population characteristics and should also sample the target species from multiple regions in both ranges and along environmental gradients that comprehensively represent the niche of the species.

Erosion rates as a potential bottom‐up control of forest structural characteristics in the Sierra Nevada Mountains - David T. Milodowski; Simon M. Mudd; Edward T. A. Mitchard (Ecology, 2015)
The physical characteristics of landscapes place fundamental constraints on vegetation growth and ecosystem function. In actively eroding landscapes, many of these characteristics are controlled by long‐term erosion rates: increased erosion rates generate steeper topography and reduce the depth and extent of weathering, limiting moisture storage capacity and impacting nutrient availability. Despite the potentially important bottom‐up control that erosion rates place on substrate characteristics, the relationship between the two is largely unexplored. We investigate spatial variations in aboveground biomass (AGB) across a structurally diverse mixed coniferous/deciduous forest with an order of magnitude erosion‐rate gradient in the Northern Californian Sierra Nevada, USA, using high resolution LiDAR data and field plots. Mean basin slope, a proxy for erosion rate, accounts for 32% of variance in AGB within our field area ( P

Expression of the Mannose Receptor CD206 in HIV and SIV Encephalitis: A Phenotypic Switch of Brain Perivascular Macrophages with Virus Infection - Gerard E. Holder; Christopher M. McGary; Edward M. Johnson; Rubo Zheng; Vijay T. John; Chie Sugimoto; Marcelo J. Kuroda; Woong-Ki Kim (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2014)

The Virtual Toxicology Service: Wearable Head-Mounted Devices for Medical Toxicology - Peter R. Chai; Roger Y. Wu; Megan L. Ranney; Paul S. Porter; Kavita M. Babu; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014)

Admixture mapping identifies a locus at 15q21.2–22.3 associated with keloid formation in African Americans - Digna R. Velez Edwards; Krystal S. Tsosie; Scott M. Williams; Todd L. Edwards; Shirley B. Russell (Human Genetics, 2014)

Reconciling climate-conflict meta-analyses: reply to Buhaug et al. - Solomon M. Hsiang; Marshall Burke; Edward Miguel (Climatic Change, 2014)

Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity in Great Britain - Helen E. Roy; Jodey Peyton; David C. Aldridge; Tristan Bantock; Tim M. Blackburn; Robert Britton; Paul Clark; Elizabeth Cook; Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz; Trevor Dines; Michael Dobson; François Edwards; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Invasive alien species ( IAS ) are considered one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, particularly through their interactions with other drivers of change. Horizon scanning, the systematic examination of future potential threats and opportunities, leading to prioritization of IAS threats is seen as an essential component of IAS management. Our aim was to consider IAS that were likely to impact on native biodiversity but were not yet established in the wild in Great Britain. To achieve this, we developed an approach which coupled consensus methods (which have previously been used for collaboratively identifying priorities in other contexts) with rapid risk assessment. The process involved two distinct phases: Preliminary consultation with experts within five groups (plants, terrestrial invertebrates, freshwater invertebrates, vertebrates and marine species) to derive ranked lists of potential IAS. Consensus‐building across expert groups to compile and rank the entire list of potential IAS. Five hundred and ninety‐one species not native to Great Britain were considered. Ninety‐three of these species were agreed to constitute at least a medium risk (based on score and consensus) with respect to them arriving, establishing and posing a threat to native biodiversity. The quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis , received maximum scores for risk of arrival, establishment and impact; following discussions the unanimous consensus was to rank it in the top position. A further 29 species were considered to constitute a high risk and were grouped according to their ranked risk. The remaining 63 species were considered as medium risk, and included in an unranked long list. The information collated through this novel extension of the consensus method for horizon scanning provides evidence for underpinning and prioritizing management both for the species and, perhaps more importantly, their pathways of arrival. Although our study focused on Great Britain, we suggest that the methods adopted are applicable globally.

Conserving the World's Finest Grassland Amidst Ambitious National Development - NYAMSUREN BATSAIKHAN; BAYARBAATAR BUUVEIBAATAR; BAZAAR CHIMED; OIDOV ENKHTUYA; DAVAA GALBRAKH; OYUNSAIKHAN GANBAATAR; BADAMJAV LKHAGVASUREN; DEJID NANDINTSETSEG; JOEL BERGER; JUSTIN M. CALABRESE; ANN E. EDWARDS; WILLIAM F. FAGAN; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2014)

A Multidisciplinary Conceptualization of Conservation Opportunity - KATIE MOON; VANESSA M. ADAMS; STEPHANIE R. JANUCHOWSKI‐HARTLEY; MAKSYM POLYAKOV; MORENA MILLS; DUAN BIGGS; ANDREW T. KNIGHT; EDWARD T. GAME; CHRISTOPHER M. RAYMOND (Conservation Biology, 2014)
An opportunity represents an advantageous combination of circumstances that allows goals to be achieved. We reviewed the nature of opportunity and how it manifests in different subsystems (e.g., biophysical, social, political, economic) as conceptualized in other bodies of literature, including behavior, adoption, entrepreneur, public policy, and resilience literature. We then developed a multidisciplinary conceptualization of conservation opportunity. We identified 3 types of conservation opportunity: potential , actors remove barriers to problem solving by identifying the capabilities within the system that can be manipulated to create support for conservation action; traction , actors identify windows of opportunity that arise from exogenous shocks, events, or changes that remove barriers to solving problems; and existing , everything is in place for conservation action (i.e., no barriers exist) and an actor takes advantage of the existing circumstances to solve problems. Different leverage points characterize each type of opportunity. Thus, unique stages of opportunity identification or creation and exploitation exist: characterizing the system and defining problems; identifying potential solutions; assessing the feasibility of solutions; identifying or creating opportunities; and taking advantage of opportunities. These stages can be undertaken independently or as part of a situational analysis and typically comprise the first stage, but they can also be conducted iteratively throughout a conservation planning process. Four types of entrepreneur can be identified (business, policy, social, and conservation), each possessing attributes that enable them to identify or create opportunities and take advantage of them. We examined how different types of conservation opportunity manifest in a social–ecological system (the Great Barrier Reef) and how they can be taken advantage of. Our multidisciplinary conceptualization of conservation opportunity strengthens and legitimizes the concept.

Evaluation of Acoustic Membrane Microparticle (AMMP) Technology for a Sensitive Ligand Binding Assay to Support Pharmacokinetic Determinations of a Biotherapeutic - Shannon D. Chilewski; W. Matthew Dickerson; Johanna R. Mora; Ashley Saab; Edward M. Alderman (The AAPS Journal, 2014)

Proximate mechanisms of contest competition among female Bwindi mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) - Edward Wright; Martha M. Robbins (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2014)

A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Niñ winter of 1997–1998 - Katherine Van Cleave; John D. Lenters; Jia Wang; Edward M. Verhamme (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
Significant trends in Lake Superior water temperature and ice cover have been observed in recent decades, and these trends have typically been analyzed using standard linear regression techniques. Although the linear trends are statistically significant and contribute to an understanding of environmental change, a careful examination of the trends shows important nonlinearities. We identify a pronounced step change that occurred in Lake Superior following the warm El Niño winter of 1997–1998, resulting in a “regime shift” in summer evaporation rate, water temperature, and numerous metrics of winter ice cover. This statistically significant step change accounts for most of the long‐term trends in ice cover, water temperature, and evaporation during the period 1973–2010, and it was preceded (and followed) by insignificant linear trends in nearly all of the metrics examined. The 1998 step change is associated with a decrease in winter ice duration of 39 d (a 34% decline), an increase of ∼ 2–3°C in mean surface water temperature (July–September averages), and a 91% increase in July–August evaporation rates, reflecting an earlier start to the summer evaporation season. Maximum wintertime ice extent decreased by nearly a factor of two, from an average of 69% of the lake surface area (before 1997–1998) to 36% after the step change. This reassessment of long‐term trends highlights the importance of nonlinear regime shifts such as the 1997–1998 break point—an event that may be related to a similar shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that occurred around the same time. These pronounced changes in Lake Superior physical characteristics are likely to have important implications for the broader lake ecosystem.

The complete genome sequence for putative H 2 ‐ and S ‐oxidizer C andidatus Sulfuricurvum sp., assembled de novo from an aquifer‐derived metagenome - Kim M. Handley; Daniela Bartels; Edward J. O'Loughlin; Kenneth H. Williams; William L. Trimble; Kelly Skinner; Jack A. Gilbert; Narayan Desai; Elizabeth M. Glass; Tobias Paczian; Andreas Wilke; Dionysios Antonopoulos; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary We reconstructed the complete 2.4 Mb‐long genome of a previously uncultivated epsilonproteobacterium, C andidatus Sulfuricurvum sp. RIFRC ‐1, via assembly of short‐read shotgun metagenomic data using a complexity reduction approach. Genome‐based comparisons indicate the bacterium is a novel species within the S ulfuricurvum genus, which contains one cultivated representative, S . kujiense . Divergence between the species appears due in part to extensive genomic rearrangements, gene loss and chromosomal versus plasmid encoding of certain (respiratory) genes by RIFRC ‐1. Deoxyribonucleic acid for the genome was obtained from terrestrial aquifer sediment, in which RIFRC ‐1 comprised ∼ 47% of the bacterial community. Genomic evidence suggests RIFRC ‐1 is a chemolithoautotrophic diazotroph capable of deriving energy for growth by microaerobic or nitrate‐/nitric oxide‐dependent oxidation of S 0 , sulfide or sulfite or H 2 oxidation. Carbon may be fixed via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Consistent with these physiological attributes, the local aquifer was microoxic with small concentrations of available nitrate, small but elevated concentrations of reduced sulfur and NH 4 + / NH 3 ‐limited. Additionally, various mechanisms for heavy metal and metalloid tolerance and virulence point to a lifestyle well‐adapted for metal(loid)‐rich environments and a shared evolutionary past with pathogenic E psilonproteobacteria . Results expand upon recent findings highlighting the potential importance of sulfur and hydrogen metabolism in the terrestrial subsurface.

Apparent environmental synergism drives the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments - William F. Laurance; Ana S. Andrade; Ainhoa Magrach; José L. C. Camargo; Mason Campbell; Philip M. Fearnside; Will Edwards; Jefferson J. Valsko; Thomas E. Lovejoy; Susan G. Laurance (Ecology, 2014)
Many contemporary ecosystems are likely to be affected by multiple environmental drivers, complicating efforts to predict future changes in those ecosystems. We studied long‐term changes (1980–2012) in forest dynamics and liana (woody vine) abundance and biomass in fragmented and intact forests of the central Amazon. We did so by contrasting trends in 33 permanent 1‐ha plots near forest edges (plot center 2 or regional climate drivers that influence forest dynamics. Hence, the dynamics of Amazonian forest fragments cannot be understood simply as a consequence of forest fragmentation. Rather, the changes we observed appear to arise from an interaction of fragmentation with one or more global‐ or regional‐scale drivers affecting forest dynamics. Both sets of phenomena are evidently increasing forest dynamics and liana abundances in fragmented forests, changes that could reduce carbon storage and alter many aspects of forest ecology.

Normal Motor Adaptation in Cervical Dystonia: A Fundamental Cerebellar Computation is Intact - Anna Sadnicka; Bansi Patani; Tabish A. Saifee; Panagiotis Kassavetis; Isabel Pareés; Prasad Korlipara; Kailash P. Bhatia; John C. Rothwell; Joseph M. Galea; Mark J. Edwards (The Cerebellum, 2014)

Silicate melt removal and sulfide liquid retention in ultramafic rocks of the Duke Island Complex, Southeastern Alaska - Eric C. Stifter; Edward M. Ripley; Chusi Li (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2014)

Archaeological Evidence of Validity of Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations - KEN LONGENECKER; YVONNE L. CHAN; ROBERT J. TOONEN; DAVID B. CARLON; TERRY L. HUNT; ALAN M. FRIEDLANDER; EDWARD E. DEMARTINI (Conservation Biology, 2014)
Reef‐fish management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish populations prior to large‐scale contemporary human impacts. As a result, relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for populations near sites affected by humans. This space‐for‐time approach can only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space‐for‐time substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400–1700) through historic (AD 1700–1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts in modern times. Evidencia Arqueológica de la Validez de Poblaciones de Peces en Arrecifes Sin Explotar como Objetivos de Apoderamiento para Poblaciones Actuales

The effect of earthworms on roadway-derived Zn deposited as a surface layer in storm water retention basin soils - Whitney Carroll; Joel W. Snodgrass; Katalin Szlavecz; Edward R. Landa; Ryan E. Casey; Steven M. Lev (Urban Ecosystems, 2014)

Temperature sensitivity of soil and root respiration in contrasting soils - Alice Thurgood; Balwant Singh; Edward Jones; Margaret M. Barbour (Plant and Soil, 2014)

Long-term rice rotation, tillage, and fertility effects on near-surface chemical properties in a silt-loam soil - Jill M. Motschenbacher; Kristofor R. Brye; Merle M. Anders; Edward E. Gbur (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2014)

Brain Network Activation (BNA) Reveals Scopolamine-Induced Impairment of Visual Working Memory - Amit Reches; Naama Levy-Cooperman; Ilan Laufer; Revital Shani-Hershkovitch; Keren Ziv; Dani Kerem; Noga Gal; Yaki Stern; Guy Cukierman; Myroslava K. Romach; Edward M. Sellers; Amir B. Geva (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2014)

A reconstruction of extratropical Indo-Pacific sea-level pressure patterns during the Medieval Climate Anomaly - Ian D. Goodwin; Stuart Browning; Andrew M. Lorrey; Paul A. Mayewski; Steven J. Phipps; Nancy A. N. Bertler; Ross P. Edwards; Tim J. Cohen; Tas van Ommen; Mark Curran; Cameron Barr; J. Curt Stager (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Distinct dissolved organic matter sources induce rapid transcriptional responses in coexisting populations of P rochlorococcus , P elagibacter and the OM60 clade - Adrian K. Sharma; Jamie W. Becker; Elizabeth A. Ottesen; Jessica A. Bryant; Solange Duhamel; David M. Karl; Otto X. Cordero; Daniel J. Repeta; Edward F. DeLong (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary A considerable fraction of the E arth's organic carbon exists in dissolved form in seawater. To investigate the roles of planktonic marine microbes in the biogeochemical cycling of this dissolved organic matter ( DOM ), we performed controlled seawater incubation experiments and followed the responses of an oligotrophic surface water microbial assemblage to perturbations with DOM derived from an axenic culture of P rochlorococcus , or high‐molecular weight DOM concentrated from nearby surface waters. The rapid transcriptional responses of both P rochlorococcus and P elagibacter populations suggested the utilization of organic nitrogen compounds common to both DOM treatments. Along with these responses, both populations demonstrated decreases in gene transcripts associated with nitrogen stress, including those involved in ammonium acquisition. In contrast, responses from low abundance organisms of the NOR5/OM60 gammaproteobacteria were observed later in the experiment, and included elevated levels of gene transcripts associated with polysaccharide uptake and oxidation. In total, these results suggest that numerically dominant oligotrophic microbes rapidly acquire nitrogen from commonly available organic sources, and also point to an important role for carbohydrates found within the DOM pool for sustaining the less abundant microorganisms in these oligotrophic systems.

The Third GABLS Intercomparison Case for Evaluation Studies of Boundary-Layer Models. Part B: Results and Process Understanding - Fred C. Bosveld; Peter Baas; Gert-Jan Steeneveld; Albert A. M. Holtslag; Wayne M. Angevine; Eric Bazile; Evert I. F. de Bruijn; Daniel Deacu; John M. Edwards; Michael Ek; Vincent E. Larson; Jonathan E. Pleim; et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2014)

The Impact of Radiation on the GABLS3 Large-Eddy Simulation through the Night and during the Morning Transition - J. M. Edwards; S. Basu; F. C. Bosveld; A. A. M. Holtslag (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2014)

Markedly divergent estimates of A mazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites - Edward T. A. Mitchard; Ted R. Feldpausch; Roel J. W. Brienen; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Abel Monteagudo; Timothy R. Baker; Simon L. Lewis; Jon Lloyd; Carlos A. Quesada; Manuel Gloor; Hans ter Steege; Patrick Meir; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land‐use planning. Remote sensing ( RS ) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset. Location Tropical forests of the A mazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1 Methods Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground‐plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area‐based comparisons. Results The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north‐east, to the light‐wooded, shorter forests of the south‐west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over‐ or under‐estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be Main conclusions Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon‐mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above‐ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.

Tree Response to Experimental Watershed Acidification - N. K. Jensen; E. J. Holzmueller; P. J. Edwards; M. Thomas-Van Gundy; D. R. DeWalle; K. W. J. Williard (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

Considerations for bio-specimen collection among black women residing in the rural Deep South participating in a cancer prevention study - Tiffany L. Carson; Claudia M. Hardy; Eva Greene; Pamela L. Carter; Glenda James; Edward E. Partridge; Monica L. Baskin (Journal of Community Genetics, 2014)

A human rights approach to an international code of conduct for genomic and clinical data sharing - Bartha M. Knoppers; Jennifer R. Harris; Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne; Edward S. Dove (Human Genetics, 2014)

Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and brasiliense from diseased potatoes in Kenya - Edward M. Onkendi; Lucy N. Moleleki (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2014)

Enhancement of the accuracy of single-epoch GPS positioning for long baselines by local ionospheric modelling - M. Assiadi; S. J. Edwards; P. J. Clarke (GPS Solutions, 2014)

A method for the determination of total and reduced methimazole in various biological samples - Grażyna Chwatko; Veerle M. Darras; Edward Bald (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2014)

Method for co-cluster analysis in multichannel single-molecule localisation data - Jérémie Rossy; Edward Cohen; Katharina Gaus; Dylan M. Owen (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2014)

Special issue—organic pig production in Europe—animal health, welfare and production challenges - S. A. Edwards; A. Prunier; M. Bonde; E. A. Stockdale (Organic Agriculture, 2014)

Dominance rank differences in the energy intake and expenditure of female Bwindi mountain gorillas - Edward Wright; Andrew M. Robbins; Martha M. Robbins (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2014)

Long‐term changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests - William F. Laurance; Ana S. Andrade; Ainhoa Magrach; José L. C. Camargo; Jefferson J. Valsko; Mason Campbell; Philip M. Fearnside; Will Edwards; Thomas E. Lovejoy; Susan G. Laurance (Ecology, 2014)
Lianas (climbing woody vines) are important structural parasites of tropical trees and may be increasing in abundance in response to global‐change drivers. We assessed long‐term (∼14‐year) changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics within 36 1‐ha permanent plots spanning ∼600 km 2 of undisturbed rainforest in central Amazonia. Within each plot, we counted each liana stem (≥2 cm diameter) and measured its diameter at 1.3 m height, and then used these data to estimate liana aboveground biomass. An initial liana survey was completed in 1997–1999 and then repeated in 2012, using identical methods. Liana abundance in the plots increased by an average of 1.00% ± 0.88% per year, leading to a highly significant ( t = 6.58, df = 35, P t = 1.46, df = 35, P = 0.15; paired t tests). Liana size distributions shifted significantly (χ 2 = 191, df = 8, P We used long‐term data on rainfall and forest dynamics from our study site to test hypotheses about potential drivers of change in liana communities. Lianas generally increase with rainfall seasonality, but we found no significant trends over time (1997–2012) in five rainfall parameters (total annual rainfall, dry‐season rainfall, wet‐season rainfall, number of very dry months, CV of monthly rainfall). However, rates of tree mortality and recruitment have increased significantly over time in our plots, and general linear mixed‐effect models suggested that lianas were more abundant at sites with higher tree mortality and flatter topography. Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 , which may stimulate liana growth, might also have promoted liana increases. Our findings clearly support the view that lianas are increasing in abundance in old‐growth tropical forests, possibly in response to accelerating forest dynamics and rising CO 2 concentrations. The aboveground biomass of trees was lowest in plots with abundant lianas, suggesting that lianas could reduce forest carbon storage and potentially alter forest dynamics if they continue to proliferate.

The Influence of Actuator Materials and Nozzle Designs on Electrostatic Charge of Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) Formulations - Yang Chen; Paul M. Young; David F. Fletcher; Hak Kim Chan; Edward Long; David Lewis; Tanya Church; Daniela Traini (Pharmaceutical Research, 2014)

Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA - Madalene A. Earp; Linda E. Kelemen; Anthony M. Magliocco; Kenneth D. Swenerton; Georgia Chenevix-Trench; Yi Lu; Alexander Hein; Arif B. Ekici; Matthias W. Beckmann; Peter A. Fasching; Diether Lambrechts; Evelyn Despierre; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Interactions of time of day and sleep with between-session habituation and extinction memory in young adult males - Edward F. Pace-Schott; Lauren E. Tracy; Zoe Rubin; Adrian G. Mollica; Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen; Matt T. Bianchi; Mohammed R. Milad; Roger K. Pitman; Scott P. Orr (Experimental Brain Research, 2014)

Oceanic currents, not land masses, maintain the genetic structure of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) in Southeast Asia - Alison K. S. Wee; Koji Takayama; Takeshi Asakawa; Bijoy Thompson; Onrizal; Sarawood Sungkaew; Nguyen Xuan Tung; M. Nazre; Khin Khin Soe; Hugh T. W. Tan; Yasuyuki Watano; Shigeyuki Baba; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)
Aim Mangroves are intertidal plants with sea‐dispersed propagules, hence their population structure can offer valuable insights into the biogeographical processes driving population subdivision in coastal species. In this study, we used molecular markers and ocean circulation simulations to examine the effects of ocean currents and land masses on the genetic structure of the major mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata . Location Southeast Asia. Methods We assessed the genetic structure of 13 R. mucronata populations from continental Southeast Asia and Sumatra using 10 microsatellite loci. We first examined the relative effects of geographical distance and land mass (the Malay Peninsula) in shaping the genetic structure of R. mucronata in Southeast Asia. We then characterized the genetic structure of R. mucronata and compared it to the simulated ocean circulation patterns within our study region. Results Despite the low genetic diversity, significant genetic structuring was detected across R. mucronata populations. Contrary to observations on other mangrove species, genetic differentiation in R. mucronata was not found across the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, nor was it correlated with geographical distance. Instead, the most distinct genetic discontinuity was found at the boundary between the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait, and this can be explained by the prevailing ocean currents in this region. Main conclusions Our study presents novel evidence that the genetic structure of R. mucronata is maintained by ocean current‐facilitated propagule dispersal.

Rotary bioreactor culture can discern specific behavior phenotypes in Trk-null and Trk-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines - Robert A. Redden; Radhika Iyer; Garrett M. Brodeur; Edward J. Doolin (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2014)

Closing the circle: is it feasible to rehabilitate reefs with sexually propagated corals? - J. R. Guest; M. V. Baria; E. D. Gomez; A. J. Heyward; A. J. Edwards (Coral Reefs, 2014)

Production Factors Controlling the Physical Characteristics of Biochar Derived from Phytoremediation Willow for Agricultural Applications - Ashleigh J. Fletcher; Malcolm A. Smith; Andreas Heinemeyer; Richard Lord; Christopher J. Ennis; Edward M. Hodgson; Kerrie Farrar (BioEnergy Research, 2014)

The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems - Ellen K Pikitch; Konstantine J Rountos; Timothy E Essington; Christine Santora; Daniel Pauly; Reg Watson; Ussif R Sumaila; P Dee Boersma; Ian L Boyd; David O Conover; Philippe Cury; Selina S Heppell; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published E copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.

Permafrost degradation stimulates carbon loss from experimentally warmed tundra - Susan M. Natali; Edward A. G. Schuur; Elizabeth E. Webb; Caitlin E. Hicks Pries; Kathryn G. Crummer (Ecology, 2014)
A large pool of organic carbon (C) has been accumulating in the Arctic for thousands of years because cold and waterlogged conditions have protected soil organic material from microbial decomposition. As the climate warms this vast and frozen C pool is at risk of being thawed, decomposed, and released to the atmosphere as greenhouse gasses. At the same time, some C losses may be offset by warming‐mediated increases in plant productivity. Plant and microbial responses to warming ultimately determine net C exchange from ecosystems, but the timing and magnitude of these responses remain uncertain. Here we show that experimental warming and permafrost (ground that remains below 0°C for two or more consecutive years) degradation led to a two‐fold increase in net ecosystem C uptake during the growing season. However, warming also enhanced winter respiration, which entirely offset growing‐season C gains. Winter C losses may be even higher in response to actual climate warming than to our experimental manipulations, and, in that scenario, could be expected to more than double overall net C losses from tundra to the atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of winter processes in determining whether tundra acts as a C source or sink, and demonstrate the potential magnitude of C release from the permafrost zone that might be expected in a warmer climate.

Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation—a Consensus Paper - G. Grimaldi; G. P. Argyropoulos; A. Boehringer; P. Celnik; M. J. Edwards; R. Ferrucci; J. M. Galea; S. J. Groiss; K. Hiraoka; P. Kassavetis; E. Lesage; M. Manto; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2014)

Sulfide mineralization associated with arc magmatism in the Qilian Block, western China: zircon U-Pb age and Sr-Nd-Os-S isotope constraints from the Yulonggou and Yaqu gabbroic intrusions - Zhao-Wei Zhang; Wen-Yuan Li; Yong-Bao Gao; Chusi Li; Edward M. Ripley; Sandra Kamo (Mineralium Deposita, 2014)

The challenges of conducting environmental research on privately owned land - Christina L. M. Hargiss; Edward S. DeKeyser (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

Rapeseed rotation, compost and biocontrol amendments reduce soilborne diseases and increase tuber yield in organic and conventional potato production systems - Edward Bernard; Robert P. Larkin; Stellos Tavantzis; M. Susan Erich; Andrei Alyokhin; Serena D. Gross (Plant and Soil, 2014)

Syncoilin is an intermediate filament protein in activated hepatic stellate cells - E. Rossen; Z. Liu; D. Blijweert; N. Eysackers; I. Mannaerts; B. Schroyen; A. El Taghdouini; B. Edwards; K. E. Davies; E. Sokal; M. Najimi; H. Reynaert; et al. (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2014)

Longitudinal decline of lower extremity muscle power in healthy and mobility-limited older adults: influence of muscle mass, strength, composition, neuromuscular activation and single fiber contractile properties - Kieran F. Reid; Evan Pasha; Gheorghe Doros; David J. Clark; Carolynn Patten; Edward M. Phillips; Walter R. Frontera; Roger A. Fielding (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Trophic dynamics of U, Ni, Hg and other contaminants of potential concern on the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site - Paul G. Edwards; Karen F. Gaines; A. Lawrence Bryan; James M. Novak; Susan A. Blas (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

Multi‐decadal range changes vs. thermal adaptation for north east Atlantic oceanic copepods in the face of climate change - Stephanie L. Hinder; Mike B. Gravenor; Martin Edwards; Clare Ostle; Owen G. Bodger; Patricia L. M. Lee; Antony W. Walne; Graeme C. Hays (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Populations may potentially respond to climate change in various ways including moving to new areas or alternatively staying where they are and adapting as conditions shift. Traditional laboratory and mesocosm experiments last days to weeks and thus only give a limited picture of thermal adaptation, whereas ocean warming occurring over decades allows the potential for selection of new strains better adapted to warmer conditions. Evidence for adaptation in natural systems is equivocal. We used a 50‐year time series comprising of 117 056 samples in the NE Atlantic, to quantify the abundance and distribution of two particularly important and abundant members of the ocean plankton (copepods of the genus Calanus ) that play a key trophic role for fisheries. Abundance of C. finmarchicus , a cold‐water species, and C. helgolandicus , a warm‐water species, were negatively and positively related to sea surface temperature ( SST ) respectively. However, the abundance vs. SST relationships for neither species changed over time in a manner consistent with thermal adaptation. Accompanying the lack of evidence for thermal adaptation there has been an unabated range contraction for C. finmarchicus and range expansion for C. helgolandicus . Our evidence suggests that thermal adaptation has not mitigated the impacts of ocean warming for dramatic range changes of these key species and points to continued dramatic climate induced changes in the biology of the oceans.

Recent environmental change and trace metal pollution in World Heritage Bathurst Harbour, southwest Tasmania, Australia - Krystyna M. Saunders; Jennifer J. Harrison; Edward C. V. Butler; Dominic A. Hodgson; Andrew McMinn (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2013)

Developing logistic models to relate the accumulation of DON associated with Fusarium head blight to climatic conditions in Europe - Xiangming Xu; Laurence V. Madden; Simon G. Edwards; Fiona M. Doohan; Antonio Moretti; L. Hornok; P. Nicholson; A. Ritieni (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Tree-ring reconstructed summer temperature anomalies for temperate East Asia since 800 C.E. - Edward R. Cook; Paul J. Krusic; Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Brendan M. Buckley; Takeshi Nakatsuka; Masaki Sano (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Pulmonary Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure Differentially Impairs Coronary and Mesenteric Arteriolar Reactivity - Valerie C. Minarchick; Phoebe A. Stapleton; Dale W. Porter; Michael G. Wolfarth; Engin Çiftyürek; Mark Barger; Edward M. Sabolsky; Timothy R. Nurkiewicz (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2013)

Brain responses to erotic and other emotional stimuli in breast cancer survivors with and without distress about low sexual desire: a preliminary fMRI study - Francesco Versace; Jeffrey M. Engelmann; Edward F. Jackson; Aurelija Slapin; Kristin M. Cortese; Therese B. Bevers; Leslie R. Schover (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

Friend of GATA and GATA-6 modulate the transcriptional up-regulation of hepcidin in hepatocytes during inflammation - Edward T. Bagu; A. Layoun; A. Calvé; M. M. Santos (BioMetals, 2013)

A proteomic approach to study the mechanism of tolerance to Bt toxins in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae selected for resistance to Cry1Ab - Lina Xu; Natalie Ferry; Zhenying Wang; Jie Zhang; Martin G. Edwards; Angharad M. R. Gatehouse; Kanglai He (Transgenic Research, 2013)

Feasibility and potential role of ferumoxytol-enhanced neuroimaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder - Beau K. Nakamoto; Cecilia M. Shikuma; Debra Ogata-Arakaki; Tracie Umaki; Edward A. Neuwelt; Bruce T. Shiramizu; Dominic C. Chow; Nisha I. Parikh; Kalpana J. Kallianpur; Bronwyn E. Hamilton (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2013)

Discordant results between biochemical and molecular transthyretin assays: lessons learned from a unique testing algorithm at the Mayo Clinic - HONEY V. REDDI; BRITTANY C. THOMAS; KURT S. WILLKOMM; MATTHEW J. FERBER; KANDELARIA M. RUMILLA; KIMIYO M. RAYMOND; JOHN F. O’BRIEN; W. EDWARD HIGHSMITH (Journal of Genetics, 2013)

Erratum to: The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project - Basil A. S. Davis; Marco Zanon; Pamella Collins; Achille Mauri; Johan Bakker; Doris Barboni; Alexandra Barthelmes; Celia Beaudouin; H. John B. Birks; Anne E. Bjune; Elissaveta Bozilova; Richard H. W. Bradshaw; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2013)

The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project - Basil A. S. Davis; Marco Zanon; Pamella Collins; Achille Mauri; Johan Bakker; Doris Barboni; Alexandra Barthelmes; Celia Beaudouin; Anne E. Bjune; Elissaveta Bozilova; Richard H. W. Bradshaw; Barbara A. Brayshay; et al. (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2013)

Parkinson disease loci in the mid-western Amish - M. F. Davis; A. C. Cummings; L. N. D’Aoust; L. Jiang; D. R. Velez Edwards; R. Laux; L. Reinhart-Mercer; D. Fuzzell; W. K. Scott; M. A. Pericak-Vance; S. L. Lee; J. L. Haines (Human Genetics, 2013)

How comparable are species distributions along elevational and latitudinal climate gradients? - Aud H. Halbritter; Jake M. Alexander; Peter J. Edwards; Regula Billeter (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Because climatic factors, especially temperature, show similar trends with elevation and latitude, it is often assumed that elevational gradients can be used as a proxy for understanding ecological processes along latitudinal gradients. We investigated the validity of this assumption for herbaceous plants, testing the hypotheses that (1) species reach the same climate limits, and (2) exhibit similar distribution patterns along both types of gradient. Location S wiss A lps and S candinavia. Methods We recorded the occurrence of 155 ruderal plant species along an elevational gradient in the Swiss Alps and a latitudinal gradient, both reaching beyond the distribution limit of most species. Principal components analysis was used to summarize climatic variation in temperature and precipitation across these gradients and assessed the relationship across species between climatic limits along the two gradients. We used logistic regressions to compare how the probability of occurrence of individual species changed with climate along the two gradients. Results We found no correlation of species principal components analysis ( PCA ) values (climate limit) along an elevational and latitudinal precipitation gradient ( PC1 ) but a positive correlation along a temperature gradient ( PC2 ). Species reached a colder climate limit (on average 244 growing degree days lower) and decreased in occurrence more gradually along the elevational compared to the latitudinal gradient. Main conclusions We suggest that the differences in distribution patterns and limits along similar climatic gradients are mainly due to the much shorter dispersal distances along elevational than latitudinal gradients, although other explanations are also possible. We can therefore expect plants in mountains and lowland regions to respond differently to rapid climate change, and so caution must be exercised when using elevation as a proxy for latitude in studies of species distribution. Nonetheless, comparative studies along such gradients can yield important insights into the factors that limit species distributions.

Leaf litter quality affects aquatic insect emergence: contrasting patterns from two foundation trees - Zacchaeus G. Compson; Kenneth J. Adams; Joeseph A. Edwards; Jesse M. Maestas; Thomas G. Whitham; Jane C. Marks (Oecologia, 2013)

Nuclear double-fluorescent reporter for in vivo and ex vivo analyses of biological transitions in mouse nuclei - Justin R. Prigge; James A. Wiley; Emily A. Talago; Elise M. Young; Laura L. Johns; Jean A. Kundert; Katherine M. Sonsteng; William P. Halford; Mario R. Capecchi; Edward E. Schmidt (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Current status on production and utilization of spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) an underutilized leafy vegetable in Kenya - Cecilia M. Onyango; Catherine N. Kunyanga; Edward G. Ontita; Rama D. Narla; John W. Kimenju (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2013)

Seasonal reproduction of male Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) from two Florida lakes - Thea M. Edwards; Hilary D. Miller; Gunnar Toft; Louis J. Guillette (Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2013)

Priority research questions for the UK food system - John S. I. Ingram; Hugh L. Wright; Lucy Foster; Timothy Aldred; David Barling; Tim G. Benton; Paul M. Berryman; Charles S. Bestwick; Alice Bows-Larkin; Tim F. Brocklehurst; Judith Buttriss; John Casey; et al. (Food Security, 2013)
The rise of food security up international political, societal and academic agendas has led to increasing interest in novel means of improving primary food production and reducing waste. There are however, also many ‘post-farm gate’ activities that are critical to food security, including processing, packaging, distributing, retailing, cooking and consuming. These activities all affect a range of important food security elements, notably availability, affordability and other aspects of access, nutrition and safety. Addressing the challenge of universal food security, in the context of a number of other policy goals (e.g. social, economic and environmental sustainability), is of keen interest to a range of UK stakeholders but requires an up-to-date evidence base and continuous innovation. An exercise was therefore conducted, under the auspices of the UK Global Food Security Programme, to identify priority research questions with a focus on the UK food system (though the outcomes may be broadly applicable to other developed nations). Emphasis was placed on incorporating a wide range of perspectives (‘world views’) from different stakeholder groups: policy, private sector, non-governmental organisations, advocacy groups and academia. A total of 456 individuals submitted 820 questions from which 100 were selected by a process of online voting and a three-stage workshop voting exercise. These 100 final questions were sorted into 10 themes and the ‘top’ question for each theme identified by a further voting exercise. This step also allowed four different stakeholder groups to select the top 7–8 questions from their perspectives. Results of these voting exercises are presented. It is clear from the wide range of questions prioritised in this exercise that the different stakeholder groups identified specific research needs on a range of post-farm gate activities and food security outcomes. Evidence needs related to food affordability, nutrition and food safety (all key elements of food security) featured highly in the exercise. While there were some questions relating to climate impacts on production, other important topics for food security (e.g. trade, transport, preference and cultural needs) were not viewed as strongly by the participants.

Reliable, verifiable and efficient monitoring of biodiversity via metabarcoding - Yinqiu Ji; Louise Ashton; Scott M. Pedley; David P. Edwards; Yong Tang; Akihiro Nakamura; Roger Kitching; Paul M. Dolman; Paul Woodcock; Felicity A. Edwards; Trond H. Larsen; Wayne W. Hsu; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2013)
To manage and conserve biodiversity, one must know what is being lost, where, and why, as well as which remedies are likely to be most effective. Metabarcoding technology can characterise the species compositions of mass samples of eukaryotes or of environmental DNA . Here, we validate metabarcoding by testing it against three high‐quality standard data sets that were collected in Malaysia (tropical), China (subtropical) and the United Kingdom (temperate) and that comprised 55,813 arthropod and bird specimens identified to species level with the expenditure of 2,505 person‐hours of taxonomic expertise. The metabarcode and standard data sets exhibit statistically correlated alpha‐ and beta‐diversities, and the two data sets produce similar policy conclusions for two conservation applications: restoration ecology and systematic conservation planning. Compared with standard biodiversity data sets, metabarcoded samples are taxonomically more comprehensive, many times quicker to produce, less reliant on taxonomic expertise and auditable by third parties, which is essential for dispute resolution.

Sodium Acetate as a Replacement for Sodium Bicarbonate in Medical Toxicology: a Review - Mark J. Neavyn; Edward W. Boyer; Steven B. Bird; Kavita M. Babu (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2013)

A de novo FLCN mutation in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax and renal cancer; a clinical and molecular evaluation - Fred H. Menko; Paul C. Johannesma; R. Jeroen A. van Moorselaar; Rinze Reinhard; Jan Hein van Waesberghe; Erik Thunnissen; Arjan C. Houweling; Edward M. Leter; Quinten Waisfisz; Martijn B. van Doorn; Theo M. Starink; Pieter E. Postmus; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2013)

Blunted endogenous GABA-mediated inhibition in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes - Zurina Hassan; Munavvar Zubaid Abdul Sattar; Farah Wahida Suhaimi; Nurul Hasnida Mohammed Yusoff; Mohammed H. Abdulla; Ahmad Pauzi M. Yusof; Edward J. Johns (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2013)

On the influence of tree size on the climate–growth relationship of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis): insights from annual, monthly and daily growth patterns - Jan Wunder; Anthony M. Fowler; Edward R. Cook; Maryann Pirie; Shane P. J. McCloskey (Trees, 2013)

Challenges in docking 2′-hydroxy and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcones into the binding site of ALR2 - Sorin I. Avram; Luminita Crisan; Liliana M. Pacureanu; Alina Bora; Edward Seclaman; Monica Balint; Ludovic G. Kurunczi (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2013)

Demographic patterns in the peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus), an introduced Hawaiian reef fish - Mary K. Donovan; Alan M. Friedlander; Edward E. DeMartini; Megan J. Donahue; Ivor D. Williams (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Risk of dietary magnesium deficiency is low in most African countries based on food supply data - Edward J. M. Joy; Scott D. Young; Colin R. Black; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Martin R. Broadley (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Estimating abundance while accounting for rarity, correlated behavior, and other sources of variation in counts - Robert M. Dorazio; Julien Martin; Holly H. Edwards (Ecology, 2013)
The class of N ‐mixture models allows abundance to be estimated from repeated, point count surveys while adjusting for imperfect detection of individuals. We developed an extension of N ‐mixture models to account for two commonly observed phenomena in point count surveys: rarity and lack of independence induced by unmeasurable sources of variation in the detectability of individuals. Rarity increases the number of locations with zero detections in excess of those expected under simple models of abundance (e.g., Poisson or negative binomial). Correlated behavior of individuals and other phenomena, though difficult to measure, increases the variation in detection probabilities among surveys. Our extension of N ‐mixture models includes a hurdle model of abundance and a beta‐binomial model of detectability that accounts for additional (extra‐binomial) sources of variation in detections among surveys. As an illustration, we fit this model to repeated point counts of the West Indian manatee, which was observed in a pilot study using aerial surveys. Our extension of N ‐mixture models provides increased flexibility. The effects of different sets of covariates may be estimated for the probability of occurrence of a species, for its mean abundance at occupied locations, and for its detectability.

No evidence for cumulative effects in a Dnmt3b hypomorph across multiple generations - Neil A. Youngson; Trevor Epp; Amity R. Roberts; Lucia Daxinger; Alyson Ashe; Edward Huang; Krystal L. Lester; Sarah K. Harten; Graham F. Kay; Timothy Cox; Jacqueline M. Matthews; Suyinn Chong; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2013)

Patch size and isolation influence genetic patterns in black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) populations - Sheila M. Holmes; Andrea L. Baden; Rick A. Brenneman; Shannon E. Engberg; Edward E. Louis; Steig E. Johnson (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli) - Edward J. Heist; Jill C. Devine; Jeffrey W. Gersch; Kevin M. Kingsland; Bryan M. Musungu; Amanda J. Warner; Sydney K. Youngs; Elliott A. Zieman (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)