Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride Length and Midsole Stiffness - Joshua M. Thomas; W. Brent Edwards; Timothy R. Derrick (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2020)

Quantitative Analysis of the Rewiring of Signaling Pathways to Alter Cancer Cell Fate - Richard M. Schmitz; Stephanie M. Willerth; Gerrit van Rensburg; Roderick Edwards (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2020)

A case of aberrant CD8 T cell–restricted IL-7 signaling with a Janus kinase 3 defect–associated atypical severe combined immunodeficiency - Aaruni Khanolkar; Jeffrey D. Wilks; Guorong Liu; Bridget M. Simpson; Edward A. Caparelli; Dawn A. Kirschmann; Jenna Bergerson; Ramsay L. Fuleihan (Immunologic Research, 2020)

Acclimation to a thermoneutral environment abolishes age-associated alterations in heart rate and heart rate variability in conscious, unrestrained mice - Jessie E. Axsom; Alay P. Nanavati; Carolyn A. Rutishauser; Janet E. Bonin; Jack M. Moen; Edward G. Lakatta (GeroScience, 2020)
Mice are among the most widely used translational models of cardiovascular aging and offer a method to quickly assess lifespan changes in a controlled environment. The standard laboratory temperature (20–22 °C), however, imposes a cold stress on mice that causes an increase in sympathetic nervous system–mediated activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to maintain a core body temperature of 36–37 °C. Thus, while physiologic data obtained recapitulate human physiology to a certain degree, interpretations of previous research in mice may have been contaminated by a cold stress, due to housing mice below their thermoneutral zone (30 °C). The purpose of this investigation was to examine how chronic sympathetic stimulation evoked by acclimation to 20 °C might obscure interpretation of changes in autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) that accompany advancing age. HR and HRV before and after administration of a dual-autonomic blockade were measured via in-vivo ECG in young (3 months) and aged (30 months) male C57BL/6 telemetry-implanted mice following temperature acclimation for 3 days at 30 °C or 20 °C. Mean basal and intrinsic HR of both young and aged mice became markedly reduced at 30 °C compared to 20 °C. In both age groups, HRV parameters in time, frequency, and non-linear domains displayed increased variability at 30 °C compared to 20 °C under basal conditions. Importantly, age-associated declines in HRV observed at 20 °C were ameliorated when mice were studied at their thermoneutral ambient temperature of 30 °C. Thus, an accurate understanding of autonomic modulation of cardiovascular functions in mice of advanced age requires that they are housed in a metabolically neutral environment.

Temporal stability of E. coli and Enterococci concentrations in a Pennsylvania creek - Dong Jin Jeon; Yakov Pachepsky; Cary Coppock; M. Dana Harriger; Rachael Zhu; Edward Wells (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Improved genetic identification of acipenseriform embryos with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus - Tom Kashiwagi; Aaron J. DeLonay; Patrick J. Braaten; Kimberly A. Chojnacki; Rachel M. Gocker; Edward J. Heist (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
We produced pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus embryos at five pre‐hatch developmental stages and isolated and quantified genomic DNA from four of the stages using four commercial DNA isolation kits. Genomic DNA prepared using the kit that produced the largest yields and concentrations were used for microsatellite DNA analyses of 10–20 embryos at each of the five developmental stages. We attempted to genotype the hatchery‐produced embryos at 19 microsatellite loci and confirmed reliable genotyping by comparing the microsatellite genotypes to those of known parents. Embryos at stages 5 and 8 did not produce reliable genotyping while those at stages 14, 24 and 33 did. We used the same DNA isolation method on 262 wild‐caught acipenseriform embryos collected from the lower Yellowstone River. A total of 200 of the wild embryos were successfully identified to stages 8 to 34 and the rest could not be staged. Using a combination of single nucleotide polymorphism and microsatellite markers, 249 of the wild‐caught embryos were genetically identified as paddlefish Polyodon spathula , five were identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and eight failed to amplify. None were identified as pallid sturgeon. This study demonstrates that early‐stage wild‐spawned acipenseriform embryos can be genetically identified less than 24 h post‐spawn. This methodology will be useful for recovery efforts for endangered pallid sturgeon and can be applied to other acipenseriform species.

Characteristics of free air carbon dioxide enrichment of a northern temperate mature forest - Kris M. Hart; Giulio Curioni; Phillip Blaen; Nicholas J. Harper; Peter Miles; Keith F. Lewin; John Nagy; Edward J. Bannister; Xiaoming M. Cai; Rick M. Thomas; Stefan Krause; Michael Tausz; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
In 2017, the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) began to conduct Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) within a mature broadleaf deciduous forest situated in the United Kingdom. BIFoR FACE employs large‐scale infrastructure, in the form of lattice towers, forming ‘arrays’ which encircle a forest plot of ~30 m diameter. BIFoR FACE consists of three treatment arrays to elevate local CO 2 concentrations (e[CO 2 ]) by +150 µmol/mol. In practice, acceptable operational enrichment (ambient [CO 2 ] + e[CO 2 ]) is ±20% of the set point 1‐min average target. There are a further three arrays that replicate the infrastructure and deliver ambient air as paired controls for the treatment arrays. For the first growing season with e[CO 2 ] (April to November 2017), [CO 2 ] measurements in treatment and control arrays show that the target concentration was successfully delivered, that is: +147 ± 21 µmol/mol (mean ± SD ) or 98 ± 14% of set point enrichment target. e[CO 2 ] treatment was accomplished for 97.7% of the scheduled operation time, with the remaining time lost due to engineering faults (0.6% of the time), CO 2 supply issues (0.6%) or adverse weather conditions (1.1%). CO 2 demand in the facility was driven predominantly by wind speed and the formation of the deciduous canopy. Deviations greater than 10% from the ambient baseline CO 2 occurred 80 µmol/mol (i.e. >53% of the treatment increment) into control arrays accounted for 2 ] values in reconstructed three‐dimensional [CO 2 ] fields show enrichment somewhat lower than the target but still well above ambient. The data presented here provide confidence in the facility setup and can be used to guide future next‐generation forest FACE facilities built into tall and complex forest stands.

Harmful Algal Blooms: Identifying Effective Adaptive Actions Used in Fishery-Dependent Communities in Response to a Protracted Event - Kathleen M. Moore; Edward H. Allison; Stacia J. Dreyer; Julia A. Ekstrom; Sunny L. Jardine; Terrie Klinger; Stephanie K. Moore; Karma C. Norman (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Identifying climate information services users and their needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and learning agenda - Edward R. Carr; Rob Goble; Helen M. Rosko; Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen (Climate and Development, 2020)

Quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses reveal the genetic basis for negatively associated β-carotene and starch content in hexaploid sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] - Dorcus C. Gemenet; Guilherme da Silva Pereira; Bert De Boeck; Joshua C. Wood; Marcelo Mollinari; Bode A. Olukolu; Federico Diaz; Veronica Mosquera; Reuben T. Ssali; Maria David; Mercy N. Kitavi; Gabriela Burgos; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020)
Key message β-Carotene content in sweetpotato is associated with the Orange and phytoene synthase genes; due to physical linkage of phytoene synthase with sucrose synthase , β-carotene and starch content are negatively correlated. Abstract In populations depending on sweetpotato for food security, starch is an important source of calories, while β-carotene is an important source of provitamin A. The negative association between the two traits contributes to the low nutritional quality of sweetpotato consumed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a biparental mapping population of 315 F 1 progeny generated from a cross between an orange-fleshed and a non-orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage group (LG) three (LG3) and twelve (LG12) affecting starch, β-carotene, and their correlated traits, dry matter and flesh color. Analysis of parental haplotypes indicated that these two regions acted pleiotropically to reduce starch content and increase β-carotene in genotypes carrying the orange-fleshed parental haplotype at the LG3 locus. Phytoene synthase and sucrose synthase, the rate-limiting and linked genes located within the QTL on LG3 involved in the carotenoid and starch biosynthesis, respectively, were differentially expressed in Beauregard versus Tanzania storage roots. The Orange gene, the molecular switch for chromoplast biogenesis, located within the QTL on LG12 while not differentially expressed was expressed in developing roots of the parental genotypes. We conclude that these two QTL regions act together in a cis and trans manner to inhibit starch biosynthesis in amyloplasts and enhance chromoplast biogenesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and accumulation in orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Understanding the genetic basis of this negative association between starch and β-carotene will inform future sweetpotato breeding strategies targeting sweetpotato for food and nutritional security.

Predicting Patient Reported Outcomes of Cognitive Function Using Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling in Breast Cancer - Ashley M. Henneghan; Chris Gibbons; Rebecca A. Harrison; Melissa L. Edwards; Vikram Rao; Douglas W. Blayney; Oxana Palesh; Shelli R. Kesler (Brain Topography, 2020)

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-derived free water detects neurodegenerative pattern induced by interferon-γ - Marcelo Febo; Pablo D. Perez; Carolina Ceballos-Diaz; Luis M. Colon-Perez; Huadong Zeng; Edward Ofori; Todd E. Golde; David E. Vaillancourt; Paramita Chakrabarty (Brain Structure and Function, 2020)

Correction to: Culturable microbial composition in the midgut of Aedes aegypti strains with different susceptibility to dengue-2 virus infection - Edward H. Molina-Henao; M. Yineth Graffe; Elsa De La Cadena; Idalba M. Serrato; Adriana Correa; Lizeth V. Romero; Paola A. Caicedo; Clara B. Ocampo (Symbiosis, 2020)

Culturable microbial composition in the midgut of Aedes aegypti strains with different susceptibility to dengue-2 virus infection - Edward H. Molina-Henao; M. Yineth Graffe; Elsa P. De La Cadena; Idalba M. Serrato; Adriana Correa; Lizeth V. Romero; Paola A. Caicedo; Clara B. Ocampo (Symbiosis, 2020)

Using FluoZin-3 and fura-2 to monitor acute accumulation of free intracellular Cd2+ in a pancreatic beta cell line - Latha M. Malaiyandi; Harsh Sharthiya; Ameir N. Barakat; Joshua R. Edwards; Kirk E. Dineley (BioMetals, 2019)
The understanding of cellular Cd 2+ accumulation and toxicity is hampered by a lack of fluorescent indicators selective for intracellular free Cd 2+ ([Cd 2+ ] i ). In this study, we used depolarized MIN6 mouse pancreatic beta cells as a model for evaluating [Cd 2+ ] i detection with commercially available fluorescent probes, most of which have been traditionally used to visualize [Ca 2+ ] i and [Zn 2+ ] i . We trialed a panel of 12 probes including fura-2, FluoZin-3, Leadmium Green, Rhod-5N, indo-1, Fluo-5N, and others. We found that the [Zn 2+ ] i probe FluoZin-3 and the traditional [Ca 2+ ] i probe fura-2 responded most consistently and robustly to [Cd 2+ ] i accumulation mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels. While selective detection of [Cd 2+ ] i by fura-2 required the omission of Ca 2+ from extracellular buffers, FluoZin-3 responded to [Cd 2+ ] i similarly in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca 2+ . Furthermore, we showed that FluoZin-3 and fura-2 can be used together for simultaneous monitoring of [Ca 2+ ] i and [Cd 2+ ] i in the same cells. None of the other fluorophores tested were effective [Cd 2+ ] i detectors in this model.

A proteomic-based approach to study underlying molecular responses of the small intestine of Wistar rats to genetically modified corn (MON810) - Asmaa AL-Harbi; Sahira Lary; Martin G. Edwards; Safaa Qusti; Andrew Cockburn; Morten Poulsen; Angharad M. R. Gatehouse (Transgenic Research, 2019)

Frag SAD : A database of diversity and species abundance distributions from habitat fragments - Jonathan M. Chase; Mario Liebergesell; Alban Sagouis; Felix May; Shane A. Blowes; Åke Berg; Enrico Bernard; Berry J. Brosi; Marc W. Cadotte; Luis Cayuela; Adriano G. Chiarello; Jean‐Francois Cosson; et al. (Ecology, 2019)
Habitat destruction is the single greatest anthropogenic threat to biodiversity. Decades of research on this issue have led to the accumulation of hundreds of data sets comparing species assemblages in larger, intact, habitats to smaller, more fragmented, habitats. Despite this, little synthesis or consensus has been achieved, primarily because of non‐standardized sampling methodology and analyses of notoriously scale‐dependent response variables (i.e., species richness). To be able to compare and contrast the results of habitat fragmentation on species’ assemblages, it is necessary to have the underlying data on species abundances and sampling intensity, so that standardization can be achieved. To accomplish this, we systematically searched the literature for studies where abundances of species in assemblages (of any taxa) were sampled from many habitat patches that varied in size. From these, we extracted data from several studies, and contacted authors of studies where appropriate data were collected but not published, giving us 117 studies that compared species assemblages among habitat fragments that varied in area. Less than one‐half (41) of studies came from tropical forests of Central and South America, but there were many studies from temperate forests and grasslands from all continents except Antarctica. Fifty‐four of the studies were on invertebrates (mostly insects), but there were several studies on plants (15), birds (16), mammals (19), and reptiles and amphibians (13). We also collected qualitative information on the length of time since fragmentation. With data on total and relative abundances (and identities) of species, sampling effort, and affiliated meta‐data about the study sites, these data can be used to more definitively test hypotheses about the role of habitat fragmentation in altering patterns of biodiversity. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper and the associated Dryad data set if the data are used in publications.

Transgenic maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase alters leaf–atmosphere CO2 and 13CO2 exchanges in Oryza sativa - Rita Giuliani; Shanta Karki; Sarah Covshoff; Hsiang-Chun Lin; Robert A. Coe; Nuria K. Koteyeva; Marc A. Evans; W. Paul Quick; Susanne von Caemmerer; Robert T. Furbank; Julian M. Hibberd; Gerald E. Edwards; et al. (Photosynthesis Research, 2019)

Large-Eddy Simulations of the Steady Wintertime Antarctic Boundary Layer - Steven J. A. van der Linden; John M. Edwards; Chiel C. van Heerwaarden; Etienne Vignon; Christophe Genthon; Igor Petenko; Peter Baas; Harmen J. J. Jonker; Bas J. H. van de Wiel (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2019)

Complete genome sequence of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) Los Angeles (LA) strain and its genotypic relationship to BoHV-1.1 Cooper and more recently isolated wild-type field strains - Jean M. d’Offay; Robert W. Fulton; R. Eberle; Edward J. Dubovi; Christopher C. L. Chase (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Mapping Tasmania's cultural landscapes: Using habitat suitability modelling of archaeological sites as a landscape history tool - Penelope J. Jones; Grant J. Williamson; David M. J. S. Bowman; Edward C. Lefroy (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim Understanding past distributions of people across the landscape is key to understanding how people used, affected and related to the natural environment. Here, we use habitat suitability modelling to represent the landscape distribution of Tasmanian Aboriginal archaeological sites and assess the implications for patterns of past human activity. Location Tasmania, Australia. Methods We developed a RandomForest ‘habitat suitability' model of site records in the Tasmanian Aboriginal Heritage Register. We applied a best‐effort bias correction, considered 31 predictor variables relating to climate, topography and resource proximity, and used a variable selection procedure to optimize the final model. Model uncertainty was assessed via bootstrapping and we ran an analogous MaxEnt model as a cross‐validation exercise. Results The results from the RandomForest and MaxEnt models are highly congruent. The strongest environmental predictors of site occurrence include distance to coast, elevation, soil clay content, topographic roughness and distance to inland water. The highest habitat suitability scores are distributed across a wide range of environments in central, northern and eastern Tasmania, including coastal areas, inland water body margins and forests and savannas in the drier parts of Tasmania. With the exception of coastal areas much of western Tasmania has low habitat suitability scores, consistent with theories of low‐density Holocene Tasmanian Aboriginal settlement in this region. Main conclusions Our modelling suggests Tasmanian Aboriginal people occupied a heterogeneity of habitats but targeted coastal areas around the whole island, and drier, less steep and/or open forest and savanna environments in the central lowlands . The western interior was identified as being rarely used by Aboriginal people in the Holocene, with the exception of isolated pockets of habitat; yet whether this is a true reflection of Aboriginal‐resourceuse demands increased archaeological surveys, particularly in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

OceanGliders: A Component of the Integrated GOOS - Pierre Testor; Brad de Young; Daniel L. Rudnick; Scott Glenn; Daniel Hayes; Craig M. Lee; Charitha Pattiaratchi; Katherine Hill; Emma Heslop; Victor Turpin; Pekka Alenius; Carlos Barrera; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)
The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health, and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean processes and phenomena that are relevant for societal applications; and, (2) to contribute to the GOOS through real-time and delayed mode data dissemination. The OceanGliders program is distributed across national and regional observing systems and significantly contributes to integrated, multi-scale and multi-platform sampling strategies. OceanGliders shares best practices, requirements, and scientific knowledge needed for glider operations, data collection and analysis. It also monitors global glider activity and supports the dissemination of glider data through regional and global databases, in real-time and delayed modes, facilitating data access to the wider community. OceanGliders currently supports national, regional and global initiatives to maintain and expand the capabilities and application of gliders to meet key global challenges such as improved measurement of ocean boundary currents, water transformation and storm forecast.

An approach to forecast grain crop yield using multi-layered, multi-farm data sets and machine learning - Patrick Filippi; Edward J. Jones; Niranjan S. Wimalathunge; Pallegedara D. S. N. Somarathna; Liana E. Pozza; Sabastine U. Ugbaje; Thomas G. Jephcott; Stacey E. Paterson; Brett M. Whelan; Thomas F. A. Bishop (Precision Agriculture, 2019)

Elevated carbon dioxide decreases the adverse effects of higher temperature and drought stress by mitigating oxidative stress and improving water status in Arabidopsis thaliana - Mohammad I. Abo Gamar; Anna Kisiala; R. J. Neil Emery; Edward C. Yeung; Sophia L. Stone; Mirwais M. Qaderi (Planta, 2019)

The impact of secondary forest regeneration on ground-dwelling ant communities in the Tropical Andes - Matthew G. Hethcoat; Bethany J. King; Fernando Fernandez Castiblanco; Claudia M. Ortiz-Sepúlveda; Fabian Camilo Prada Achiardi; Felicity A. Edwards; Claudia Medina; James J. Gilroy; Torbjørn Haugaasen; David P. Edwards (Oecologia, 2019)

Passive force and viscoelastic properties of single fibers in human aging muscles - Jae-Young Lim; Seung Jun Choi; Jeffrey J. Widrick; Edward M. Phillips; Walter R. Frontera (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Improving the diagnostic accuracy of a stratified screening strategy by identifying the optimal risk cutoff - John T. Brinton; R. Edward Hendrick; Brandy M. Ringham; Mieke Kriege; Deborah H. Glueck (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Decentralization and the environment: Assessing smallholder oil palm development in Indonesia - Rosamond L. Naylor; Matthew M. Higgins; Ryan B. Edwards; Walter P. Falcon (Ambio, 2019)

Inter‐annual hydroclimatic variability in coastal Tanzania - Robert V. Rohli; Sara A. Ates; Victor H. Rivera‐Monroy; Michael J. Polito; Stephen R. Midway; Edward Castañeda‐Moya; Arthur J. Gold; Emi Uchida; Mwita M. Mangora; Makoto Suwa (International Journal of Climatology, 2019)
Climatic controls regulate the coupled natural and human systems in coastal Tanzania, where mangrove wetlands provide a wealth of ecosystem services to coastal communities. Previous research has explained the precipitation seasonality of eastern Africa in terms of the local monsoons. This research examines a wider range of hydroclimatic variables, including water vapour flux, evapotranspiration, runoff, and ocean salinity, and the sources of low‐frequency atmosphere–ocean variability that support mangrove productivity and associated ecosystem services. Results confirm previous work suggesting that the northeast monsoon ( kaskazi ) largely corresponds to the “short rains” of October–December and extends through February, while the southeast monsoon ( kusi ) corresponds to the “long rains” of March–May and the drier June–September. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and, to a lesser extent, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are important modulators not only of precipitation (as has been shown previously) but also of water vapour flux, evapotranspiration, runoff, and salinity variability. During kaskazi , positive (negative) hydroclimatic anomalies occur during positive (negative) IOD, with a stronger IOD influence occurring during its positive phase, when seasonal anomalies of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff exceed +50, 25, and 100%, and nearby salinity decreases by 0.5 practical salinity units. During kusi , the contrast between the positive and negative IOD modes is subtler, and the pattern is dictated more by variability in “long rains” months than in the dry months. The coincidence of the positive IOD and El Niño amplify this hydroclimatic signal. Because previous work suggests the likelihood of increased tendency for positive IOD and increased moisture variability associated with El Niño events in the future, wetter conditions may accompany the kaskazi , with less change expected during the kusi . These results advance understanding of the key environmental drivers controlling mangrove productivity and wetland spatial distribution that provide ecosystem services essential to the well‐being of the human population.

Structural brain network of gifted children has a more integrated and versatile topology - Jordi Solé-Casals; Josep M. Serra-Grabulosa; Rafael Romero-Garcia; Gemma Vilaseca; Ana Adan; Núria Vilaró; Núria Bargalló; Edward T. Bullmore (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

DNA of diverse adenoviruses detected in Cameroonian rodent and shrew species - Joseph Diffo; Valantine Ngum Ndze; Nkom Felix Ntumvi; Jean-Michel Takuo; Moctar M. M. Mouiche; Ubald Tamoufe; Julius Nwobegahay; Matthew LeBreton; Amethyst Gillis; Bradley S. Schneider; Joseph M. Fair; Corina Monagin; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Characterisation of the effect of day length, and associated differences in dietary intake, on the gut microbiota of Soay sheep - Nadine A. Thomas; Andrea M. Olvera-Ramírez; Leticia Abecia; Clare L. Adam; Joan E. Edwards; Georgina F. Cox; Patricia A. Findlay; Elodie Destables; Tracy A. Wood; Neil R. McEwan (Archives of Microbiology, 2019)

Epidemiological Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Commercial Sheep Flock in an Endemic Area for Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil - Angélica Consalter; Edwards Frazão-Teixeira; Jitender P. Dubey; Eraldo L. Zanella; Andressa F. da Silva; Guilherme N. de Souza; Ana M. R. Ferreira (Acta Parasitologica, 2019)

Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System - Nikolai Maximenko; Paolo Corradi; Kara Lavender Law; Erik Van Sebille; Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba; Richard Stephen Lampitt; Francois Galgani; Victor Martinez-Vicente; Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy; Joana Mira Veiga; Richard C. Thompson; Christophe Maes; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature - Anne G. O’Carroll; Edward M. Armstrong; Helen M. Beggs; Marouan Bouali; Kenneth S. Casey; Gary K. Corlett; Prasanjit Dash; Craig J. Donlon; Chelle L. Gentemann; Jacob L. Høyer; Alexander Ignatov; Kamila Kabobah; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Hook size selectivity in the artisanal handline fishery of Shimoni fishing area, south coast, Kenya - Mary B. Ontomwa; Benerd M. Fulanda; Edward N. Kimani; Gladys M. Okemwa (Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2019)

Long-term spatial-temporal trends and variability of rainfall over Eastern and Southern Africa - Francis Kamau Muthoni; Vincent Omondi Odongo; Justus Ochieng; Edward M. Mugalavai; Sixbert Kajumula Mourice; Irmgard Hoesche-Zeledon; Mulundu Mwila; Mateete Bekunda (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019)

Measurement of Projections Between Dentate Nucleus and Contralateral Frontal Cortex in Human Brain Via Diffusion Tensor Tractography - Qing Ji; Angela Edwards; John O. Glass; Tara M. Brinkman; Zoltan Patay; Wilburn E. Reddick (The Cerebellum, 2019)

Long-term persistence of summer annuals in soil seed banks of seasonally dewatered mudflats - Carol C. Baskin; Jerry M. Baskin; Edward W. Chester (Plant Ecology, 2019)

Sphingosine-coating of plastic surfaces prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia - Aaron P. Seitz; Fabian Schumacher; Jennifer Baker; Matthias Soddemann; Barbara Wilker; Charles C. Caldwell; Ryan M. Gobble; Markus Kamler; Katrin Anne Becker; Sascha Beck; Burkhard Kleuser; Michael J. Edwards; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2019)

Effect of rhizomania on red table-beet biomass production and molecular characterization of an isolate of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus from Brazil - Viviana M. Camelo-García; Juan P. Edwards Molina; Tatsuya Nagata; Jorge A. M. Rezende; João M. F. Silva (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

Prevalence of Eight Phthalate Monoesters in Water from the Okavango Delta, Northern Botswana - Perry W. Bartsch; Thea M. Edwards; John W. Brock (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2019)

Subregional differences in groundfish distributional responses to anomalous ocean bottom temperatures in the northeast Pacific - Lingbo Li; Anne B. Hollowed; Edward D. Cokelet; Steven J. Barbeaux; Nicholas A. Bond; Aimee A. Keller; Jacquelynne R. King; Michelle M. McClure; Wayne A. Palsson; Phyllis J. Stabeno; Qiong Yang (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Although climate‐induced shifts in fish distribution have been widely reported at the population level, studies that account for ontogenetic shifts and subregional differences when assessing responses are rare.In this study, groundfish distributional changes in depth, latitude, and longitude were assessed at different size classes by species within nine subregions. We examined large, quality‐controlled datasets of depth‐stratified‐random bottom trawl surveys conducted during summer in three large regions—the Gulf of Alaska and the west coasts of Canada and the United States—over the period 1996–2015, a time period punctuated by a marine “heat wave.” Temporal biases in bottom temperature were minimized by subdividing each region into three subregions, each with short‐duration surveys. Near‐bottom temperatures, weighted by stratum area, were unsynchronized across subregions and exhibited varying subregional interannual variability. The weighted mean bottom depths in the subregions also vary largely among subregions. The centroids (centers of gravity) of groundfish distribution were weighted with catch per unit effort and stratum area for 10 commercially important groundfish species by size class and subregion. Our multivariate analyses showed that there were significant differences in aggregate fish movement responses to warm temperatures across subregions but not among species or sizes. Groundfish demonstrated poleward responses to warming temperatures only in a few subregions and moved shallower or deeper to seek colder waters. The temperature responses of groundfish depended on where they were. Under global warming, groundfish may form geographically distinct thermal ecoregions along the northeast Pacific shelf. Shallow‐depth species exhibited greatly different distributional responses to temperature changes across subregions while deep‐depth species of different subregions tend to have relatively similar temperature responses. Future climate studies would benefit by considering fish distributions on small subregional scales.

Resolving the depth zonation paradox in reef‐building corals - T. Edward Roberts; Tom C. L. Bridge; M. Julian Caley; Joshua S. Madin; Andrew H. Baird (Ecology, 2019)
Changes in abundance across a natural environmental gradient provide important insights into a species’ realized ecological niche. In reef‐building corals, a species’ niche is often defined using its depth range. However, most reef‐building coral species occur over a broad depth range, a fact that is incompatible with the strong zonation found in coral assemblages across depth. We resolve this paradox by modeling the abundance distributions of 110 coral species across a 45 m depth gradient to show that most are in fact depth specialists and reveal that depth range alone is incapable of capturing a species’ depth use. We then highlight the significance of our results by demonstrating how depth range greatly overestimates the potential number of species with a refuge at depth from global warming. Our findings illustrate both the limitations of the simple metric of depth range and the ecological insights that can be gained by moving beyond it.

Lessons from seabird conservation in Alaskan longline fisheries - Edward F. Melvin; Kimberly S. Dietrich; Robert M. Suryan; Shannon M. Fitzgerald (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Although bycatch of seabirds and other long‐lived species is a critical conservation issue in world fisheries, case studies documenting significant reductions in the mortality of these low‐productivity species in a fishery are rare. We studied progress toward seabird conservation in the Alaskan longline fisheries, one of the largest and most diverse demersal fisheries. We generated annual seabird bycatch rates in 4 target fisheries and all fisheries combined from 23 years of fisheries observer data. We used 0‐inflated negative binomial models to evaluate variables influencing seabird bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) in 2 target fisheries. Following adoption of streamer lines, at first voluntarily and then mandatorily, seabird BPUE was reduced by 77–90%, preventing mortality of thousands of birds per year. Despite this, BPUE increased significantly in 2 of 4 target fisheries since streamer lines were adopted. Although night setting yielded significant reductions (74–97%) in seabird BPUE and significant increases (7–11%) in fish catch per unit effort over daytime setting, nighttime setting increased the BPUE of Northern Fulmar ( Fulmarus glacialis ) by 40% and nontarget fish species by 5–17%. Thus, best practices to prevent seabird mortalities in longline fisheries varied by species assemblage and fishery. Our results inform global efforts toward fisheries bycatch reduction by illustrating that successful conservation requires fishery‐specific solutions, strong industry support, constant vigilance in analysis and reporting observer data, and ongoing outreach to fleets, especially to vessels with anomalously high BPUE.

An Integrated Data Analytics Platform - Edward M. Armstrong; Mark A. Bourassa; Thomas A. Cram; Maya DeBellis; Jocelyn Elya; Frank R. Greguska; Thomas Huang; Joseph C. Jacob; Zaihua Ji; Yongyao Jiang; Yun Li; Nga Quach; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Nitrogen leaching losses and balances in conventional and organic farming systems in Kenya - Martha W. Musyoka; Noah Adamtey; Anne W. Muriuki; David Bautze; Edward N. Karanja; Monica Mucheru-Muna; Komi K. M. Fiaboe; Georg Cadisch (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2019)

Strong genetic isolation despite wide distribution in a commercially exploited coastal shark - Kelvin L. Hull; Tamaryn A. Asbury; Charlene da Silva; Matthew Dicken; Ana Veríssimo; Edward D. Farrell; Stefano Mariani; Carlotta Mazzoldi; Ilaria A. M. Marino; Lorenzo Zane; Simo N. Maduna; Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Patterns and drivers of stream benthic macroinvertebrate beta diversity in an agricultural landscape - Edward M. Krynak; Zoë Lindo; Adam G. Yates (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes - Nicole M. Gilbertson; Joan A. Mandelson; Kathryn Hilovsky; Jeremy D. Akers; Trent A. Hargens; David L. Wenos; Elizabeth S. Edwards (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Phosphate‐limited ocean regions select for bacterial populations enriched in the carbon–phosphorus lyase pathway for phosphonate degradation - Oscar A. Sosa; Daniel J. Repeta; Edward F. DeLong; Mohammad D. Ashkezari; David M. Karl (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary In tropical and subtropical oceanic surface waters phosphate scarcity can limit microbial productivity. However, these environments also have bioavailable forms of phosphorus incorporated into dissolved organic matter (DOM) that microbes with the necessary transport and hydrolysis metabolic pathways can access to supplement their phosphorus requirements. In this study we evaluated how the environment shapes the abundance and taxonomic distribution of the bacterial carbon–phosphorus (C–P) lyase pathway, an enzyme complex evolved to extract phosphate from phosphonates. Phosphonates are organophosphorus compounds characterized by a highly stable C–P bond and are enriched in marine DOM. Similar to other known bacterial adaptions to low phosphate environments, C–P lyase was found to become more prevalent as phosphate concentrations decreased. C–P lyase was particularly enriched in the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, two regions that feature sustained periods of phosphate depletion. In these regions, C–P lyase was prevalent in several lineages of Alphaproteobacteria ( Pelagibacter , SAR116, Roseobacter and Rhodospirillales ), Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria . The global scope of this analysis supports previous studies that infer phosphonate catabolism via C–P lyase is an important adaptive strategy implemented by bacteria to alleviate phosphate limitation and expands the known geographic extent and taxonomic affiliation of this metabolic pathway in the ocean.

Evaluating the impact of atmospheric forcing and air–sea coupling on near-coastal regional ocean prediction - Huw W. Lewis; John Siddorn; Juan Manuel Castillo Sanchez; Jon Petch; John M. Edwards; Tim Smyth (Ocean Science, 2019)
Atmospheric forcing applied as ocean model boundary conditions can have a critical impact on the quality of ocean forecasts. This paper assesses the sensitivity of an eddy-resolving (1.5 km resolution) regional ocean model of the north-west European Shelf (NWS) to the choice of atmospheric forcing and atmosphere–ocean coupling. The analysis is focused on a month-long simulation experiment for July 2014 and evaluation of simulated sea surface temperature (SST) in a shallow near-coastal region to the south-west of the UK (Celtic Sea and western English Channel). Observations of the ocean and atmosphere are used to evaluate model results, with a particular focus on the L4 ocean buoy from the Western Channel Observatory as a rare example of co-located data above and below the sea surface. The impacts of differences in the atmospheric forcing are illustrated by comparing results from an ocean model run in forcing mode using operational global-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) data with an ocean model run forced by a convective-scale regional atmosphere model. The value of dynamically representing feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean state is assessed via the use of these model components within a fully coupled ocean–wave–atmosphere system. Simulated SSTs show considerable sensitivity to atmospheric forcing and to the impact of model coupling in near-coastal areas. A warm ocean bias relative to in situ observations in the simulation forced by global-scale NWP (0.7 K in the model domain) is shown to be reduced (to 0.4 K) via the use of the 1.5 km resolution regional atmospheric forcing. When simulated in coupled mode, this bias is further reduced (by 0.2 K). Results demonstrate much greater variability of both the surface heat budget terms and the near-surface winds in the convective-scale atmosphere model data, as might be expected. Assessment of the surface heat budget and wind forcing over the ocean is challenging due to a scarcity of observations. However, it can be demonstrated that the wind speed over the ocean simulated by the convective-scale atmosphere did not agree as well with the limited number of observations as the global-scale NWP data did. Further partially coupled experiments are discussed to better understand why the degraded wind forcing does not detrimentally impact on SST results.

A Global Plankton Diversity Monitoring Program - Sonia D. Batten; Rana Abu-Alhaija; Sanae Chiba; Martin Edwards; George Graham; R. Jyothibabu; John A. Kitchener; Philippe Koubbi; Abigail McQuatters-Gollop; Erik Muxagata; Clare Ostle; Anthony J. Richardson; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Ten tips for developing interdisciplinary socio-ecological researchers - Rachel Kelly; Mary Mackay; Kirsty L. Nash; Christopher Cvitanovic; Edward H. Allison; Derek Armitage; Aletta Bonn; Steven J. Cooke; Stewart Frusher; Elizabeth A. Fulton; Benjamin S. Halpern; Priscila F. M. Lopes; et al. (Socio-Ecological Practice Research, 2019)

Effects of recombinant salmon type II growth hormone and bovine growth hormone on growth of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) - Annette F. Muttray; Edward M. Donaldson; Robert H. Devlin (Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019)

Seasonal variations in household food insecurity and dietary diversity and their association with maternal and child nutritional status in rural Ethiopia - Kedir T. Roba; Thomas P. O’Connor; Nora M. O’Brien; Chanyalew S. Aweke; Zenebe A. Kahsay; Nick Chisholm; Edward Lahiff (Food Security, 2019)

Evaluating Composition and Conservation Value of Roadside Plant Communities in a Grassland Biome - Jonathan M. Soper; Edward J. Raynor; Carol Wienhold; Walter H. Schacht (Environmental Management, 2019)

Differential influence of habitual third-person vision of a body part on mental rotation of images of hands and feet - Louisa M. Edwards; Ryan S. Causby; Halton Stewart; Tasha R. Stanton (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Joint exposure to smoking, excessive weight, and physical inactivity and survival of ovarian cancer patients, evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Rikki Cannioto; Allan Jensen; Susanne K. Kjaer; Susan J. Jordan; Brenda Diergaarde; J. Brian Szender; Kunle Odunsi; Hani Almohanna; Paul Mayor; Kirsten Starbuck; Emese Zsiros; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Modeling potential impacts of three benthic invasive species on the Lake Erie food web - Hongyan Zhang; Edward S. Rutherford; Doran M. Mason; Marion E. Wittmann; David M. Lodge; Xinhua Zhu; Timothy B. Johnson; Andrew Tucker (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Invasive grass affects seed viability of native perennial shrubs in arid woodlands - Kaisha M. Edwards; Christine Schlesinger; Mark K. J. Ooi; Kris French; Ben Gooden (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction - Ruth M. K. Plets; S. Louise Callard; J. Andrew G. Cooper; Joseph T. Kelley; Daniel F. Belknap; Robin J. Edwards; Antony J. Long; Rory J. Quinn; Derek W. T. Jackson (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2019)
The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. −40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp . Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp . Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.

Advancing Research for the Management of Long-Lived Species: A Case Study on the Greenland Shark - Jena E. Edwards; Elizabeth Hiltz; Franziska Broell; Peter G. Bushnell; Steven E. Campana; Jørgen S. Christiansen; Brynn M. Devine; Jeffrey J. Gallant; Kevin J. Hedges; M. Aaron MacNeil; Bailey C. McMeans; Julius Nielsen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Nitrogen release and synchrony in organic and conventional farming systems of the Central Highlands of Kenya - Martha W. Musyoka; Noah Adamtey; Else K. Bünemann; Anne W. Muriuki; Edward N. Karanja; Monica Mucheru-Muna; Komi K. M. Fiaboe; Georg Cadisch (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2019)

Fluoride removal studies using virgin and Ti (IV)-modified Musa paradisiaca (plantain pseudo-stem) carbons - Bongekile R. Vilakati; Venkataraman Sivasankar; Edward N. Nxumalo; Bhekie B. Mamba; Kiyoshi Omine; Titus A. M. Msagati (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Experimental constraints on the textures and origin of obsidian pyroclasts - James E. Gardner; Fabian B. Wadsworth; Edward W. Llewellin; James M. Watkins; Jason P. Coumans (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2019)

Drainage enhances modern soil carbon contribution but reduces old soil carbon contribution to ecosystem respiration in tundra ecosystems - Min Jung Kwon; Susan M. Natali; Caitlin E. Hicks Pries; Edward A. G. Schuur; Axel Steinhof; K. Grace Crummer; Nikita Zimov; Sergey A. Zimov; Martin Heimann; Olaf Kolle; Mathias Göckede (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Warming temperatures are likely to accelerate permafrost thaw in the Arctic, potentially leading to the release of old carbon previously stored in deep frozen soil layers. Deeper thaw depths in combination with geomorphological changes due to the loss of ice structures in permafrost, may modify soil water distribution, creating wetter or drier soil conditions. Previous studies revealed higher ecosystem respiration rates under drier conditions, and this study investigated the cause of the increased ecosystem respiration rates using radiocarbon signatures of respired CO 2 from two drying manipulation experiments: one in moist and the other in wet tundra. We demonstrate that higher contributions of CO 2 from shallow soil layers (0–15 cm; modern soil carbon) drive the increased ecosystem respiration rates, while contributions from deeper soil (below 15 cm from surface and down to the permafrost table; old soil carbon) decreased. These changes can be attributed to more aerobic conditions in shallow soil layers, but also the soil temperature increases in shallow layers but decreases in deep layers, due to the altered thermal properties of organic soils. Decreased abundance of aerenchymatous plant species following drainage in wet tundra reduced old carbon release but increased aboveground plant biomass elevated contributions of autotrophic respiration to ecosystem respiration. The results of this study suggest that drier soils following drainage may accelerate decomposition of modern soil carbon in shallow layers but slow down decomposition of old soil carbon in deep layers, which may offset some of the old soil carbon loss from thawing permafrost.

Better Regional Ocean Observing Through Cross-National Cooperation: A Case Study From the Northeast Pacific - John A. Barth; Susan E. Allen; Edward P. Dever; Richard K. Dewey; Wiley Evans; Richard A. Feely; Jennifer L. Fisher; Jonathan P. Fram; Burke Hales; Debby Ianson; Jennifer Jackson; Kim Juniper; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

The effects of training population design on genomic prediction accuracy in wheat - Stefan McKinnon Edwards; Jaap B. Buntjer; Robert Jackson; Alison R. Bentley; Jacob Lage; Ed Byrne; Chris Burt; Peter Jack; Simon Berry; Edward Flatman; Bruno Poupard; Stephen Smith; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters - Airam Rodríguez; José M. Arcos; Vincent Bretagnolle; Maria P. Dias; Nick D. Holmes; Maite Louzao; Jennifer Provencher; André F. Raine; Francisco Ramírez; Beneharo Rodríguez; Robert A. Ronconi; Rebecca S. Taylor; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Advancing Marine Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Reanalyses and Forecasts as Tools for Monitoring and Managing Ecosystem Health - Katja Fennel; Marion Gehlen; Pierre Brasseur; Christopher W. Brown; Stefano Ciavatta; Gianpiero Cossarini; Alessandro Crise; Christopher A. Edwards; David Ford; Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs; Marilaure Gregoire; Emlyn Jones; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

A differential k-mer analysis pipeline for comparing RNA-Seq transcriptome and meta-transcriptome datasets without a reference - Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan; Nedeljka Rosic; Michał T. Lorenc; Paul Visendi; Meng Lin; Paulina Kaniewska; Brett J. Ferguson; Peter M. Gresshoff; Jacqueline Batley; David Edwards (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2019)

Antibiotic misuse in respiratory tract infections in children and adults—a prospective, multicentre study (TAILORED Treatment) - Chantal B. van Houten; Asi Cohen; Dan Engelhard; John P. Hays; Roger Karlsson; Edward Moore; David Fernández; Racheli Kreisberg; Laurence V. Collins; Wouter de Waal; Karin M. de Winter-de Groot; Tom F. W. Wolfs; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer survival - Kana Wu; Mike Z. Zhai; Erin K. Weltzien; Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano; Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt; Edward Giovannucci; Bette J. Caan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in blood donors in Botswana - Wonderful T. Choga; Motswedi Anderson; Edward Zumbika; Sikhulile Moyo; Tshepiso Mbangiwa; Bonolo B. Phinius; Pinkie Melamu; Mukendi K. Kayembe; Ishmael Kasvosve; Theresa K. Sebunya; Jason T. Blackard; Max Essex; et al. (Virus Genes, 2019)

Understanding the evolving phenotype of vascular complications in telomere biology disorders - Cecilia Higgs; Yanick J. Crow; Denise M. Adams; Emmanuel Chang; Don Hayes; Utz Herbig; James N. Huang; Ryan Himes; Kunal Jajoo; F. Brad Johnson; Susan D. Reynolds; Yoshihiro Yonekawa; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2019)

Spatial Subsidies and Mortality of an Estuarine Copepod Revealed Using a Box Model - Wim J. Kimmerer; Edward S. Gross; Anne M. Slaughter; John R. Durand (Estuaries and Coasts, 2019)

Modelling glacial lake outburst flood impacts in the Bolivian Andes - Ioannis Kougkoulos; Simon J. Cook; Laura A. Edwards; Leon J. Clarke; Elias Symeonakis; Jason M. Dortch; Kathleen Nesbitt (Natural Hazards, 2018)

Pharmacologic Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: a Review of Pharmacotherapy, Adjuncts, and Toxicity - Michael S. Toce; Peter R. Chai; Michele M. Burns; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2018)

Decline in Ecosystem δ13C and Mid-Successional Nitrogen Loss in a Two-Century Postglacial Chronosequence - Edward T. Malone; Benjamin W. Abbott; Megan J. Klaar; Chris Kidd; Mathieu Sebilo; Alexander M. Milner; Gilles Pinay (Ecosystems, 2018)

Spatial distribution bias in subject-specific abnormalities analyses - Andrew B. Dodd; Josef M. Ling; Edward J. Bedrick; Timothy B. Meier; Andrew R. Mayer (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Evolutionarily stable communities: a framework for understanding the role of trait evolution in the maintenance of diversity - Kyle F. Edwards; Colin T. Kremer; Elizabeth T. Miller; Matthew M. Osmond; Elena Litchman; Christopher A. Klausmeier (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Biological diversity depends on the interplay between evolutionary diversification and ecological mechanisms allowing species to coexist. Current research increasingly integrates ecology and evolution over a range of timescales, but our common conceptual framework for understanding species coexistence requires better incorporation of evolutionary processes. Here, we focus on the idea of evolutionarily stable communities ( ESC s), which are theoretical endpoints of evolution in a community context. We use ESC s as a unifying framework to highlight some important but under‐appreciated theoretical results, and we review empirical research relevant to these theoretical predictions. We explain how, in addition to generating diversity, evolution can also limit diversity by reducing the effectiveness of coexistence mechanisms. The coevolving traits of competing species may either diverge or converge, depending on whether the number of species in the community is low (undersaturated) or high (oversaturated) relative to the ESC . Competition in oversaturated communities can lead to extinction or neutrally coexisting, ecologically equivalent species. It is critical to consider trait evolution when investigating fundamental ecological questions like the strength of different coexistence mechanisms, the feasibility of ecologically equivalent species, and the interpretation of different patterns of trait dispersion.

Bending the rules: exploitation of allochthonous resources by a top‐predator modifies size‐abundance scaling in stream food webs - Daniel M. Perkins; Isabelle Durance; Francois K. Edwards; Jonathan Grey; Alan G. Hildrew; Michelle Jackson; J. Iwan Jones; Rasmus B. Lauridsen; Katrin Layer‐Dobra; Murray S. A. Thompson; Guy Woodward (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Body mass–abundance ( M‐N ) allometries provide a key measure of community structure, and deviations from scaling predictions could reveal how cross‐ecosystem subsidies alter food webs. For 31 streams across the UK, we tested the hypothesis that linear log‐log M‐N scaling is shallower than that predicted by allometric scaling theory when top predators have access to allochthonous prey. These streams all contained a common and widespread top predator (brown trout) that regularly feeds on terrestrial prey and, as hypothesised, deviations from predicted scaling increased with its dominance of the fish assemblage. Our study identifies a key beneficiary of cross‐ecosystem subsidies at the top of stream food webs and elucidates how these inputs can reshape the size‐structure of these ‘open’ systems.

Bioassays on the role of tomato, potato and sweet pepper as sources of Tomato chlorosis virus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 - T. Mituti; J. P. Edwards Molina; J. A. M. Rezende (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2018)

Abundance and Distribution of Reef-Associated Fishes Around Small Oil and Gas Platforms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico’s Hypoxic Zone - David B. Reeves; Edward J. Chesney; Ryan T. Munnelly; Donald M. Baltz; Brian D. Marx (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Sub-arc mantle heterogeneity in oxygen isotopes: evidence from Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt - Shengchao Xue; Chusi Li; Kezhang Qin; Zhuosen Yao; Edward M. Ripley (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2018)

Benign gynecologic conditions are associated with ovarian cancer risk in African-American women: a case–control study - Hyo K. Park; Joellen M. Schildkraut; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Sydnee Crankshaw; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Paul Terry; Frances Wang; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

High‐turbidity events in Western Lake Erie during ice‐free cycles: Contributions of river‐loaded vs. resuspended sediments - Qianru Niu; Meng Xia; Stuart A. Ludsin; Philip Y. Chu; Doran M. Mason; Edward S. Rutherford (Limnology and Oceanography, 2018)
High‐turbidity events (HTEs) are common phenomena in shallow‐water environments that can alter ecological interactions. The relative contributions of river input (external loading) vs. resuspension (internal loading) to the occurrence, duration, and influenced areas of HTEs are not fully understood in most systems, owing to the lack of long‐term, source‐specified sediment maps. Using a Finite Volume Community Ocean Model‐based wave‐current forced sediment model, we investigated sediment dynamics in the shallow, river‐dominated Western Lake Erie during ice‐free cycles (April–November) of 2002–2012. Results indicated that wind waves predominated sediment dynamics in the offshore areas, with river discharges causing substantial inshore to offshore gradients. Owing to varying wind waves and river discharges, both the mean and extreme sediment dynamics had distinctive seasonal variations. The basin was turbid during spring and fall, with frequent (> 15%), broad (O [10 2 –10 3 km 2 ]), and more persistent (means of 3.2/4.4 d during spring/fall) HTEs caused mainly by resuspension events. During summer, the basin was clearer with occasional ( 2 km 2 ]), and short (mean of 1.5 d) HTEs near the mouths generated by pulsing river loadings. Although river loading rarely induced basin‐wide HTEs, they were important during floods, enlarging the high‐turbidity areas by 11.3%. Overall, by delineating the drivers of HTEs in Western Lake Erie, this study furthered the understanding of sediment dynamics in shallow ecosystems and provides a basis for investigating the ecological impact of sediments from different sources in river‐ and wave‐energetic systems.

Modeling marine pelagic fish species spatiotemporal distributions utilizing a maximum entropy approach - Lifei Wang; Lisa A. Kerr; Nicholas R. Record; Eric Bridger; Benjamin Tupper; Katherine E. Mills; Edward M. Armstrong; Andrew J. Pershing (Fisheries Oceanography, 2018)
Understanding how ocean conditions influence fish distributions is critical for elucidating the role of climate in ecosystem change and forecasting how fish may be distributed in the future. Traditional species distribution models are often applied to scientific‐survey data, which include species presence‐absence information, to predict distributions. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are promising tools as they can be applied to presence‐only data (e.g., data collected from fishermen targeting a specific species or from observers in citizen‐science programs). We used MaxEnt models to relate occurrence records of three marine pelagic fish (Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, and butterfish) in fishery‐dependent data to environmental conditions (sea surface temperature ( SST ) and chlorophyll‐ a concentration from satellite remote sensing, bathymetry, and climate indices), and evaluated model performance by both cross‐validation and validation using fishery‐independent data. We developed monthly habitat suitability maps for these fish in the Northwest Atlantic Shelf area, and assessed the relative influence of environmental factors on their distributions. Across months, their suitable habitat areas varied with each species exhibiting inshore‐offshore and north‐south movements in response to changing environmental conditions. Overall, SST and chlorophyll‐ a concentration had the greatest influence on the distributions of these fish, with bathymetry having moderate influence and climate indices having little influence. Our application of MaxEnt models enabled us to integrate presence‐only data and high resolution environmental data from satellite remote sensing to describe spatiotemporal distributions of marine pelagic fish. These models were used to hindcast species occurrence in relation to historical environmental conditions to evaluate their predictive performance, and have the potential to provide nowcasts in relation to current conditions or forecasts of species future distributions.

A Mathematical Model for the Effects of Fertilization on Nitrogen Concentrations in Unsaturated Soil on Blueberry Farms in Southern New Jersey - Alexandra C. Halligan; Amanda M. Becotte; Ashley M. Crane; Edward T. Dougherty (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2018)

High‐resolution reconstruction of 8.2‐ka BP event documented in Père Noël cave, southern Belgium - M. Allan; N. Fagel; H. J. L. van der Lubbe; H. B. Vonhof; H. Cheng; R. Lawrence Edwards; S. Verheyden (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2018)
A distinct shift in δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace element contents of the Père Noël (PN) stalagmite from southern Belgium revealed an abrupt climatic anomaly at 8.13 ± 0.03 ka BP (before present = before 1950 AD). This anomaly is characterized by a maximum drop in the δ 18 O (−1.4‰ compared the mean) between 8.13 and 8.10 ka BP (±0.03). This drop of δ 18 O coincides with a decrease in δ 13 C and trace element (Sr, Ba and Mg) concentrations suggesting drier conditions. Our precise chronology provides the timing of the outburst of proglacial lakes Agassiz and Ojibway that caused the δ 18 O, δ 13 C and trace elemental anomalies at 8.13–8.10 ± 0.03 ka BP, which corresponds to the 8.2‐ka BP event. The PN stalagmite bears δ 18 O values in fluid inclusions that covary with the δ 18 O values in calcite, suggesting that the speleothem calcite δ 18 O primarily reflects variations in the rainfall δ 18 O. Comparison of the PN record with different marine and terrestrial archives during the 8.2‐ka BP event shows a good agreement in timing and duration, suggesting that the PN speleothem can be regarded as a valuable proxy to better understand the 8.2‐ka BP event.

Molecular diet analysis reveals predator–prey community dynamics and environmental factors affecting predation of larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in a natural system - Justin M. Waraniak; Edward A. Baker; Kim T. Scribner (Journal of Fish Biology, 2018)
This study utilized molecular tools to quantify the prevalence of predation during the vulnerable drifting larval life‐history stage of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens . How predators, the co‐distributed prey community and abiotic environmental conditions ( e.g ., stream substrata) affected predation levels was quantified. Nightly D‐frame drift net surveys were used to estimate the biomass of A. fulvescens and co‐distributed prey. Gastrointestinal diet samples ( n = 1,140) from 28 species of potential fish predators were collected during electrofishing surveys. Sampling was conducted for 17 days across 2015 and 2016. Based on DNA barcode analysis using sturgeon‐specific mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I primers, A. fulvescens DNA was detected in 73 of 1,140 diet samples (6.40%) from 16 of the 28 predator species examined. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the effects of biotic and abiotic variables associated with the likelihood a predator had consumed larval A. fulvescens . Increasing lunar illumination and biomass of larval A. fulvescens increased predation rates on larval A. fulvescens . Higher discharge and greater biomass and proportions of alternative prey decreased predation rates of larval A. fulvescens . Predation rates were slightly higher in habitats with sand substrata. Most predator species preyed upon larval A. fulvescens at similar rates. The study revealed considerably higher incidence of predation on larval A. fulvescens than previous studies had documented using traditional morphological diet analysis. Co‐distributed prey and abiotic environmental variables that affected the predation rates of a species of regional conservation concern can inform future management actions.

Climatically driven changes in primary production propagate through trophic levels - David C. Stoner; Joseph O. Sexton; David M. Choate; Jyothy Nagol; Heather H. Bernales; Steven A. Sims; Kirsten E. Ironside; Kathleen M. Longshore; Thomas C. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate and land‐use change are the major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Their effects are particularly acute for wide‐ranging consumers, but little is known about how these factors interact to affect the abundance of large carnivores and their herbivore prey. We analyzed population densities of a primary and secondary consumer (mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus , and mountain lion, Puma concolor ) across a climatic gradient in western North America by combining satellite‐based maps of plant productivity with estimates of animal abundance and foraging area derived from Global Positioning Systems telemetry data (GPS). Mule deer density exhibited a positive, linear relationship with plant productivity ( r 2 = 0.58), varying by a factor of 18 across the climate‐vegetation gradient (range: 38–697 individuals/100 km 2 ). Mountain lion home range size decreased in response to increasing primary productivity and consequent changes in the abundance of their herbivore prey (range: 20–450 km 2 ). This pattern resulted in a strong, positive association between plant productivity and mountain lion density ( r 2 = 0.67). Despite varying densities, the ratio of prey to predator remained constant across the climatic gradient (mean ± SE = 363 ± 29 mule deer/mountain lion), suggesting that the determinacy of the effect of primary productivity on consumer density was conserved across trophic levels. As droughts and longer term climate changes reduce the suitability of marginal habitats, consumer home ranges will expand in order for individuals to meet basic nutritional requirements. These changes portend decreases in the abundance of large‐bodied, wide‐ranging wildlife through climatically driven reductions in carrying capacity, as well as increased human–wildlife interactions stemming from anthropogenic land use and habitat fragmentation.

Biotic responses buffer warming‐induced soil organic carbon loss in Arctic tundra - Junyi Liang; Jiangyang Xia; Zheng Shi; Lifen Jiang; Shuang Ma; Xingjie Lu; Marguerite Mauritz; Susan M. Natali; Elaine Pegoraro; Christopher Ryan Penton; César Plaza; Verity G. Salmon; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate warming can result in both abiotic (e.g., permafrost thaw) and biotic (e.g., microbial functional genes) changes in Arctic tundra. Recent research has incorporated dynamic permafrost thaw in Earth system models ( ESM s) and indicates that Arctic tundra could be a significant future carbon (C) source due to the enhanced decomposition of thawed deep soil C. However, warming‐induced biotic changes may influence biologically related parameters and the consequent projections in ESM s. How model parameters associated with biotic responses will change under warming and to what extent these changes affect projected C budgets have not been carefully examined. In this study, we synthesized six data sets over 5 years from a soil warming experiment at the Eight Mile Lake, Alaska, into the Terrestrial ECO system ( TECO ) model with a probabilistic inversion approach. The TECO model used multiple soil layers to track dynamics of thawed soil under different treatments. Our results show that warming increased light use efficiency of vegetation photosynthesis but decreased baseline (i.e., environment‐corrected) turnover rates of SOC in both the fast and slow pools in comparison with those under control. Moreover, the parameter changes generally amplified over time, suggesting processes of gradual physiological acclimation and functional gene shifts of both plants and microbes. The TECO model predicted that field warming from 2009 to 2013 resulted in cumulative C losses of 224 or 87 g/m 2 , respectively, without or with changes in those parameters. Thus, warming‐induced parameter changes reduced predicted soil C loss by 61%. Our study suggests that it is critical to incorporate biotic changes in ESM s to improve the model performance in predicting C dynamics in permafrost regions.

Colorectal and cardiovascular effects of [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) in anesthetized macaques - Nadia M. J. Rupniak; Mary Katofiasc; Edward C. Burgard; Karl B. Thor (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2018)

A lateral-to-mesial organization of human ventral visual cortex at birth - P. Barttfeld; S. Abboud; H. Lagercrantz; U. Adén; N. Padilla; A. D. Edwards; L. Cohen; M. Sigman; S. Dehaene; G. Dehaene-Lambertz (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

Thyroid hormone manipulation influences development of cardiovascular regulation in embryonic Pekin duck, Anas platyrhynchos domestica - Tushar S. Sirsat; Dane A. Crossley; Janna L. Crossley; Edward M. Dzialowski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2018)

Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires - Xanthe J. Walker; Brendan M. Rogers; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Steven G. Cumming; Nicola J. Day; Scott J. Goetz; Jill F. Johnstone; Edward A. G. Schuur; Merritt R. Turetsky; Michelle C. Mack (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana ) or jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) of the Northwest Territories ( NWT ), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer ( SOL ) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35 kg C m −2 was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3 Tg C emitted from 2.85 Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine‐scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.

OXI1 kinase plays a key role in resistance of Arabidopsis towards aphids (Myzus persicae) - Tahsin Shoala; Martin G. Edwards; Marc R. Knight; Angharad M. R. Gatehouse (Transgenic Research, 2018)

The Servilia tomb: an architecturally and pictorially important Roman building - S. E. Jorge-Villar; I. Rodríguez Temiño; H. G. M. Edwards; A. Jiménez Hernández; J. I. Ruiz Cecilia; I. Miralles (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2018)

DNA Extraction Method Plays a Significant Role When Defining Bacterial Community Composition in the Marine Invertebrate Echinometra mathaei - Remi N. Ketchum; Edward G. Smith; Grace O. Vaughan; Britney L. Phippen; Dain McParland; Noura Al-Mansoori; Tyler J. Carrier; John A. Burt; Adam M. Reitzel (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

The DRD2 Taq1A A1 Allele May Magnify the Risk of Alzheimer’s in Aging African-Americans - Kenneth Blum; Rajendra D. Badgaiyan; Georgia M. Dunston; David Baron; Edward J. Modestino; Thomas McLaughlin; Bruce Steinberg; Mark S. Gold; Marjorie C. Gondré-Lewis (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Admixture mapping and fine-mapping of birth weight loci in the Black Women’s Health Study - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom; Holly Shaw; Leah Preus; Julie R. Palmer; Stephen A. Haddad; Lynn Rosenberg; Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez (Human Genetics, 2018)

Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Wastewaters in Barbados, West Indies - Quincy A. Edwards; Tamanna Sultana; Sergei M. Kulikov; Leah D. Garner-O’Neale; Viviane Yargeau; Chris D. Metcalfe (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018)

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Integrating Dynamic Subsurface Habitat Metrics Into Species Distribution Models - Stephanie Brodie; Michael G. Jacox; Steven J. Bograd; Heather Welch; Heidi Dewar; Kylie L. Scales; Sara M. Maxwell; Dana M. Briscoe; Christopher A. Edwards; Larry B. Crowder; Rebecca L. Lewison; Elliott L. Hazen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Physiological determinants of walking effort in older adults: should they be targets for physical activity intervention? - Dain P. LaRoche; Edward L. Melanson; Morgan P. Baumgartner; Breanna M. Bozzuto; Victoria M. Libby; Brittany N. Marshall (GeroScience, 2018)

Neural correlates of verbal memory in youth with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure - Lauren A. Gross; Eileen M. Moore; Jeffrey R. Wozniak; Claire D. Coles; Julie A. Kable; Elizabeth R. Sowell; Kenneth L. Jones; Edward P. Riley; Sarah N. Mattson (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Detecting early warning signals of tree mortality in boreal North America using multiscale satellite data - Brendan M. Rogers; Kylen Solvik; Edward H. Hogg; Junchang Ju; Jeffrey G. Masek; Michael Michaelian; Logan T. Berner; Scott J. Goetz (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Increasing tree mortality from global change drivers such as drought and biotic infestations is a widespread phenomenon, including in the boreal zone where climate changes and feedbacks to the Earth system are relatively large. Despite the importance for science and management communities, our ability to forecast tree mortality at landscape to continental scales is limited. However, two independent information streams have the potential to inform and improve mortality forecasts: repeat forest inventories and satellite remote sensing. Time series of tree‐level growth patterns indicate that productivity declines and related temporal dynamics often precede mortality years to decades before death. Plot‐level productivity, in turn, has been related to satellite‐based indices such as the Normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ). Here we link these two data sources to show that early warning signals of mortality are evident in several NDVI ‐based metrics up to 24 years before death. We focus on two repeat forest inventories and three NDVI products across western boreal North America where productivity and mortality dynamics are influenced by periodic drought. These data sources capture a range of forest conditions and spatial resolution to highlight the sensitivity and limitations of our approach. Overall, results indicate potential to use satellite NDVI for early warning signals of mortality. Relationships are broadly consistent across inventories, species, and spatial resolutions, although the utility of coarse‐scale imagery in the heterogeneous aspen parkland was limited. Longer‐term NDVI data and annually remeasured sites with high mortality levels generate the strongest signals, although we still found robust relationships at sites remeasured at a typical 5 year frequency. The approach and relationships developed here can be used as a basis for improving forest mortality models and monitoring systems.

Trophic niche dynamics of three nearshore benthic predators in The Bahamas - Oliver N. Shipley; Karen J. Murchie; Michael G. Frisk; Owen R. O’Shea; Maggie M. Winchester; Edward J. Brooks; Jessie Pearson; Michael Power (Hydrobiologia, 2018)

Development of endothermy in birds: patterns and mechanisms - Edwin R. Price; Edward M. Dzialowski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2018)

Characteristics and consequences of lava dome collapse at Ruawahia, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand - P. A. Ashwell; B. M. Kennedy; M. Edwards; J. W. Cole (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2018)

Air–Sea/Land Interaction in the Coastal Zone - Andrey A. Grachev; Laura S. Leo; Harindra J. S. Fernando; Christopher W. Fairall; Edward Creegan; Byron W. Blomquist; Adam J. Christman; Christopher M. Hocut (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2018)

Susceptibility of cereal species to Fusarium langsethiae under identical field conditions - N. Opoku; M. A. Back; S. G. Edwards (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2018)

An evaluation of Z-transform algorithms for identifying subject-specific abnormalities in neuroimaging data - Andrew R. Mayer; Andrew B. Dodd; Josef M. Ling; Christopher J. Wertz; Nicholas A. Shaff; Edward J. Bedrick; Carlo Viamonte (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2018)

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2017 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Johannes Wittmann; Jens H. Kuhn; Dann Turner; Matthew B. Sullivan; Bas E. Dutilh; Ho Bin Jang; Leonardo J. van Zyl; Jochen Klumpp; Malgorzata Lobocka; Andrea I. Moreno Switt; Janis Rumnieks; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2018)

Regional forcing explains local species diversity and turnover on tropical islands - Thomas Ibanez; Gunnar Keppel; Cláudia Baider; Chris Birkinshaw; Heike Culmsee; Susan Cordell; F. B. Vincent Florens; Janet Franklin; Christian P. Giardina; Thomas W. Gillespie; Melinda Laidlaw; Creighton M. Litton; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim To determine the role of regional forcing on plot‐level species diversity and composition, and to quantify the relative importance of biogeographical and climatic factors in explaining woody plant diversity and composition at the local‐, island‐ and archipelago‐scale. Location Forty‐one tropical islands of the Indo‐Pacific region from Madagascar to Hawai‘i Island. Methods We analysed the diversity and composition of tropical woody plant communities located across 113 plots, 41 islands and 19 archipelagos. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to determine the role of regional forcing at the island and archipelago scale and to assess the relative importance of biogeographical (area and isolation of islands or archipelagos, geographical distance between plots) and climatic factors in explaining differences in local diversity and composition (species turnover). Analyses were conducted at different geographical scales (local, island and archipelago) and taxonomic levels (species, genus and family). Results Variation in local (plot‐level) diversity (as species density, the number of species per 100 woody plants) was primarily explained by island and archipelago identity. Maximum species density was positively correlated with the area of an island (or archipelago) and negatively correlated with the isolation of an archipelago. Local climatic variability was also a significant predictor of species density, but less important than regional forcing. Climate variables explained Main conclusions Regional forcing was the key driver of local diversity and composition on islands. Island area and archipelago isolation are likely driving local diversity through their effects on the pool of island species. Geographical distance between plots is the main factor explaining species turnover, while at higher taxonomic levels, climatic factors and niche conservatism are the main drivers.

Effects of DHA on Hippocampal Autophagy and Lysosome Function After Traumatic Brain Injury - Yan Yin; Eric Li; George Sun; Hong Q. Yan; Lesley M. Foley; Liwia A. Andrzejczuk; Insiya Y. Attarwala; T. Kevin Hitchens; Kirill Kiselyov; C. Edward Dixon; Dandan Sun (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Experimental sintering of ash at conduit conditions and implications for the longevity of tuffisites - James E. Gardner; Fabian B. Wadsworth; Edward W. Llewellin; James M. Watkins; Jason P. Coumans (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2018)

Biosecurity tool-set: optimising quarantine zones for eradication through consideration of Australia’s success with plant pathogen eradications in horticulture - O. N. Villalta; M. Mebalds; J. Edwards (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2018)

Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration - Vincent E. J. Jassey; Monika K. Reczuga; Małgorzata Zielińska; Sandra Słowińska; Bjorn J. M. Robroek; Pierre Mariotte; Christophe V. W. Seppey; Enrique Lara; Jan Barabach; Michał Słowiński; Luca Bragazza; Bogdan H. Chojnicki; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes.

Occupational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and serum levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in an aging population from upstate New York: a retrospective cohort study - Eva M. Tanner; Michael S. Bloom; Qian Wu; Kurunthachalam Kannan; Recai M. Yucel; Srishti Shrestha; Edward F. Fitzgerald (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2018)

Army imposters: diversification of army ant-mimicking beetles with their Eciton hosts - S. Pérez-Espona; W. P. Goodall-Copestake; S. M. Berghoff; K. J. Edwards; N. R. Franks (Insectes Sociaux, 2018)

Evidence for protandry in Polydactylus quadrifilis in the Kwanza Estuary, Angola, and its implications for local fisheries - Edward C. Butler; Amber-Robyn Childs; Alexander C. Winkler; Marianne V. Milner; Warren M. Potts (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Correction to: Interior boundary-aligned unstructured grid generation and cell-centered versus vertex-centered CVD-MPFA performance - Shahid Manzoor; Michael G. Edwards; Ali H. Dogru; Tareq M. Al-Shaalan (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

Interior boundary-aligned unstructured grid generation and cell-centered versus vertex-centered CVD-MPFA performance - Shahid Manzoor; Michael G. Edwards; Ali H. Dogru; Tareq M. Al-Shaalan (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

Ecosystem state shifts during long‐term development of an Amazonian peatland - Graeme T. Swindles; Paul J. Morris; Bronwen Whitney; Jennifer M. Galloway; Mariusz Gałka; Angela Gallego‐Sala; Andrew L. Macumber; Donal Mullan; Mark W. Smith; Matthew J. Amesbury; Thomas P. Roland; Hamed Sanei; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
The most carbon (C)‐dense ecosystems of Amazonia are areas characterized by the presence of peatlands. However, Amazonian peatland ecosystems are poorly understood and are threatened by human activities. Here, we present an investigation into long‐term ecohydrological controls on C accumulation in an Amazonian peat dome. This site is the oldest peatland yet discovered in Amazonia (peat initiation ca. 8.9 ka BP ), and developed in three stages: (i) peat initiated in an abandoned river channel with open water and aquatic plants; (ii) inundated forest swamp; and (iii) raised peat dome (since ca. 3.9 ka BP ). Local burning occurred at least three times in the past 4,500 years. Two phases of particularly rapid C accumulation (ca. 6.6–6.1 and ca. 4.9–3.9 ka BP ), potentially resulting from increased net primary productivity, were seemingly driven by drier conditions associated with widespread drought events. The association of drought phases with major ecosystem state shifts (open water wetland–forest swamp–peat dome) suggests a potential climatic control on the developmental trajectory of this tropical peatland. A third drought phase centred on ca. 1.8–1.1 ka BP led to markedly reduced C accumulation and potentially a hiatus during the peat dome stage. Our results suggest that future droughts may lead to phases of rapid C accumulation in some inundated tropical peat swamps, although this can lead ultimately to a shift to ombrotrophy and a subsequent return to slower C accumulation. Conversely, in ombrotrophic peat domes, droughts may lead to reduced C accumulation or even net loss of peat. Increased surface wetness at our site in recent decades may reflect a shift towards a wetter climate in western Amazonia. Amazonian peatlands represent important carbon stores and habitats, and are important archives of past climatic and ecological information. They should form key foci for conservation efforts.

Recreational physical activity and survival in African-American women with ovarian cancer - Sarah E. Abbott; Fabian Camacho; Lauren C. Peres; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Patricia G. Moorman; Edward S. Peters; Bo Qin; Ann G. Schwartz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Microbial functional diversity covaries with permafrost thaw‐induced environmental heterogeneity in tundra soil - Mengting M. Yuan; Jin Zhang; Kai Xue; Liyou Wu; Ye Deng; Jie Deng; Lauren Hale; Xishu Zhou; Zhili He; Yunfeng Yang; Joy D. Van Nostrand; Edward A. G. Schuur; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Permafrost soil in high latitude tundra is one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks and is highly sensitive to climate warming. Understanding microbial responses to warming‐induced environmental changes is critical to evaluating their influences on soil biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a functional gene array (i.e., geochip 4.2) was used to analyze the functional capacities of soil microbial communities collected from a naturally degrading permafrost region in Central Alaska. Varied thaw history was reported to be the main driver of soil and plant differences across a gradient of minimally, moderately, and extensively thawed sites. Compared with the minimally thawed site, the number of detected functional gene probes across the 15–65 cm depth profile at the moderately and extensively thawed sites decreased by 25% and 5%, while the community functional gene β‐diversity increased by 34% and 45%, respectively, revealing decreased functional gene richness but increased community heterogeneity along the thaw progression. Particularly, the moderately thawed site contained microbial communities with the highest abundances of many genes involved in prokaryotic C degradation, ammonification, and nitrification processes, but lower abundances of fungal C decomposition and anaerobic‐related genes. Significant correlations were observed between functional gene abundance and vascular plant primary productivity, suggesting that plant growth and species composition could be co‐evolving traits together with microbial community composition. Altogether, this study reveals the complex responses of microbial functional potentials to thaw‐related soil and plant changes and provides information on potential microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles in tundra ecosystems.

Mapping spatio-temporal water level variations over the central Congo River using PALSAR ScanSAR and Envisat altimetry data - Donghwan Kim; Hyongki Lee; Alain Laraque; Raphael M. Tshimanga; Ting Yuan; Hahn Chul Jung; Edward Beighley; Chi-Hung Chang (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2017)

Relationship between SST gradients and upwelling off Peru and Chile: model/satellite data analysis - Jorge Vazquez-Cuervo; Hector S. Torres; Dimitris Menemenlis; Toshio Chin; Edward M. Armstrong (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2017)

Quantifying rock fall probabilities and their temporal distribution associated with weather seasonality - Renato Macciotta; Michael Hendry; David M. Cruden; Andrée Blais-Stevens; Tom Edwards (Landslides, 2017)

Glacial and interglacials in the Neotropics: a 130,000-year diatom record from central Panama - C. R. Shadik; G. M. Cárdenes-Sandí; A. Correa-Metrio; R. L. Edwards; A. Min; M. B. Bush (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2017)

A Novel Oral Fluid Assay (LC-QTOF-MS) for the Detection of Fentanyl and Clandestine Opioids in Oral Fluid After Reported Heroin Overdose - Matthew K. Griswold; Peter R. Chai; Alex J. Krotulski; Melissa Friscia; Brittany P. Chapman; Neha Varma; Edward W. Boyer; Barry K. Logan; Kavita M. Babu (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2017)

Contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters in Barbados, West Indies - Quincy A. Edwards; Sergei M. Kulikov; Leah D. Garner-O’Neale; Chris D. Metcalfe; Tamanna Sultana (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2017)

Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities - Kevin R. Wilcox; Andrew T. Tredennick; Sally E. Koerner; Emily Grman; Lauren M. Hallett; Meghan L. Avolio; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Gregory R. Houseman; Forest Isbell; David Samuel Johnson; Juha M. Alatalo; Andrew H. Baldwin; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species‐level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1–315%); this range was positively correlated with the size of the metacommunity. Additionally, asynchronous responses among local communities were linked with species’ populations fluctuating asynchronously across space, perhaps stemming from physical and/or competitive differences among local communities. Accordingly, we suggest spatial heterogeneity should be a major focus for maintaining the stability of ecosystem services at larger spatial scales.

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar - Graham W. Prescott; William J. Sutherland; Daniel Aguirre; Matthew Baird; Vicky Bowman; Jake Brunner; Grant M. Connette; Martin Cosier; David Dapice; Jose Don T. De Alban; Alex Diment; Julia Fogerite; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.

Erratum to: A multi-stage genome-wide association study of uterine fibroids in African Americans - Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Janina M. Jeff; Lauren A. Wise; C. Scott Gallagher; Melissa Wellons; Katherine E. Hartmann; Sarah F. Jones; Eric S. Torstenson; Scott Dickinson; Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez; Nadin Rohland; Alexander Allen; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Acute Pesticide-Related Illness Among Farmworkers: Barriers to Reporting to Public Health Authorities - Joanne Bonnar Prado; Prakash R. Mulay; Edward J. Kasner; Heidi K. Bojes; Geoffrey M. Calvert (Journal of Agromedicine, 2017)

Comparing tiers of a multi-tiered wetland assessment in the Prairie Pothole Region - Christina L. M. Hargiss; Edward S. DeKeyser; Jack E. Norland; Michael J. Ell (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2017)

Biomarkers of Acute Stroke Etiology (BASE) Study Methodology - Edward C. Jauch; Andrew D. Barreto; Joseph P. Broderick; Doug M. Char; Brett L. Cucchiara; Thomas G. Devlin; Alison J. Haddock; William J. Hicks; Brian C. Hiestand; Glen C. Jickling; Jeff June; David S. Liebeskind; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2017)

Comparing the use of live trees and deadwood for larval foraging by aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) at Kianjavato and Torotorofotsy, Madagascar - Timothy M. Sefczek; Domenico Randimbiharinirina; Brigitte M. Raharivololona; Joseph D. Rabekianja; Edward E. Louis (Primates, 2017)

Facultative CAM photosynthesis (crassulacean acid metabolism) in four species of Calandrinia, ephemeral succulents of arid Australia - Joseph A. M. Holtum; Lillian P. Hancock; Erika J. Edwards; Klaus Winter (Photosynthesis Research, 2017)

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of uterine fibroids in African Americans - Jacklyn N. Hellwege; Janina M. Jeff; Lauren A. Wise; C. Scott Gallagher; Melissa Wellons; Katherine E. Hartmann; Sarah F. Jones; Eric S. Torstenson; Scott Dickinson; Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez; Nadin Rohland; Alexander Allen; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus affecting up to 77% of women by menopause. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and account for $34 billion annually in the United States. Race/ethnicity and age are the strongest known risk factors. African American (AA) women have higher prevalence, earlier onset, and larger and more numerous fibroids than European American women. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fibroid risk among AA women followed by in silico genetically predicted gene expression profiling of top hits. In Stage 1, cases and controls were confirmed by pelvic imaging, genotyped and imputed to 1000 Genomes. Stage 2 used self-reported fibroid and GWAS data from 23andMe, Inc. and the Black Women’s Health Study. Associations with fibroid risk were modeled using logistic regression adjusted for principal components, followed by meta-analysis of results. We observed a significant association among 3399 AA cases and 4764 AA controls at rs739187 (risk-allele frequency = 0.27) in CYTH4 (OR (95% confidence interval) = 1.23 (1.16–1.30), p value = 7.82 × 10 −9 ). Evaluation of the genetic association results with MetaXcan identified lower predicted gene expression of CYTH4 in thyroid tissue as significantly associated with fibroid risk ( p value = 5.86 × 10 −8 ). In this first multi-stage GWAS for fibroids among AA women, we identified a novel risk locus for fibroids within CYTH4 that impacts gene expression in thyroid and has potential biological relevance for fibroids.

Influence of aerobic fitness on vasoreactivity in young men - Preston L. Bell; Edward T. Kelley; Stephanie M. McCoy; Daniel P. Credeur (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Tubal ligation and ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Chrissy McNamara; Sarah E. Abbott; Elisa V. Bandera; Bo Qin; Lauren C. Peres; Fabian Camacho; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

The tooth, the whole tooth and nothing but the tooth: tooth shape and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias - G. C. A. French; M. Stürup; S. Rizzuto; J. H. van Wyk; D. Edwards; R. W. Dolan; S. P. Wintner; A. V. Towner; W. O. H. Hughes (Journal of Fish Biology, 2017)
Results from this study of the white shark Carcharodon carcharias include measurements obtained using a novel photographic method that reveal significant differences between the sexes in the relationship between tooth cuspidity and shark total length, and a novel ontogenetic change in male tooth shape. Males exhibit broader upper first teeth and increased distal inclination of upper third teeth with increasing length, while females do not present a consistent morphological change. Substantial individual variation, with implications for pace of life syndrome, was present in males and tooth polymorphism was suggested in females. Sexual differences and individual variation may play major roles in ontogenetic changes in tooth morphology in C. carcharias , with potential implications for their foraging biology. Such individual and sexual differences should be included in studies of ontogenetic shift dynamics in other species and systems.

Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to precipitation extremes: A synthesis of grassland precipitation manipulation experiments - Kevin R. Wilcox; Zheng Shi; Laureano A. Gherardi; Nathan P. Lemoine; Sally E. Koerner; David L. Hoover; Edward Bork; Kerry M. Byrne; James Cahill; Scott L. Collins; Sarah Evans; Anna K. Gilgen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Climatic changes are altering Earth's hydrological cycle, resulting in altered precipitation amounts, increased interannual variability of precipitation, and more frequent extreme precipitation events. These trends will likely continue into the future, having substantial impacts on net primary productivity ( NPP ) and associated ecosystem services such as food production and carbon sequestration. Frequently, experimental manipulations of precipitation have linked altered precipitation regimes to changes in NPP . Yet, findings have been diverse and substantial uncertainty still surrounds generalities describing patterns of ecosystem sensitivity to altered precipitation. Additionally, we do not know whether previously observed correlations between NPP and precipitation remain accurate when precipitation changes become extreme. We synthesized results from 83 case studies of experimental precipitation manipulations in grasslands worldwide. We used meta‐analytical techniques to search for generalities and asymmetries of aboveground NPP ( ANPP ) and belowground NPP ( BNPP ) responses to both the direction and magnitude of precipitation change. Sensitivity (i.e., productivity response standardized by the amount of precipitation change) of BNPP was similar under precipitation additions and reductions, but ANPP was more sensitive to precipitation additions than reductions; this was especially evident in drier ecosystems. Additionally, overall relationships between the magnitude of productivity responses and the magnitude of precipitation change were saturating in form. The saturating form of this relationship was likely driven by ANPP responses to very extreme precipitation increases, although there were limited studies imposing extreme precipitation change, and there was considerable variation among experiments. This highlights the importance of incorporating gradients of manipulations, ranging from extreme drought to extreme precipitation increases into future climate change experiments. Additionally, policy and land management decisions related to global change scenarios should consider how ANPP and BNPP responses may differ, and that ecosystem responses to extreme events might not be predicted from relationships found under moderate environmental changes.

Effects of nalfurafine on the reinforcing, thermal antinociceptive, and respiratory-depressant effects of oxycodone: modeling an abuse-deterrent opioid analgesic in rats - E. Andrew Townsend; Jennifer E. Naylor; S. Stevens Negus; Shelley R. Edwards; Hina N. Qureshi; Hunter W. McLendon; Christopher R. McCurdy; Coco N. Kapanda; Jussara M. do Carmo; Fernanda S. da Silva; John E. Hall; Kenneth J. Sufka; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Differential efficacies of the nicotinic α4β2 desensitizing agents in reducing nicotine self-administration in female rats - Amir H. Rezvani; Susan Slade; Corinne Wells; Venkata M. Yenugonda; Yong Liu; Milton L. Brown; Yingxian Xiao; Kenneth J. Kellar; Edward D. Levin (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

Estimating the upper limit of prehistoric peak ground acceleration using an in situ, intact and vulnerable stalagmite from Plavecká priepast cave (Detrekői-zsomboly), Little Carpathians, Slovakia—first results - K. Gribovszki; K. Kovács; P. Mónus; G. Bokelmann; P. Konecny; M. Lednická; G. Moseley; C. Spötl; R.L. Edwards; M. Bednárik; L. Brimich; L. Tóth (Journal of Seismology, 2017)

Fate and transport of furrow-applied granular tefluthrin and seed-coated clothianidin insecticides: Comparison of field-scale observations and model estimates - Kara E. Huff Hartz; Tracye M. Edwards; Michael J. Lydy (Ecotoxicology, 2017)

Factors influencing extent of traceability along organic fresh produce value chains: case of kale in Nairobi, Kenya - Josphat Njenga Gichure; Raphael Githaiga Wahome; Patrick M. Kamau Njage; Edward G. Karuri; Jonathan M. Nzuma; Kostas Karantininis (Organic Agriculture, 2017)

Nonlinear CO 2 flux response to 7 years of experimentally induced permafrost thaw - Marguerite Mauritz; Rosvel Bracho; Gerardo Celis; Jack Hutchings; Susan M. Natali; Elaine Pegoraro; Verity G. Salmon; Christina Schädel; Elizabeth E. Webb; Edward A. G. Schuur (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Rapid Arctic warming is expected to increase global greenhouse gas concentrations as permafrost thaw exposes immense stores of frozen carbon (C) to microbial decomposition. Permafrost thaw also stimulates plant growth, which could offset C loss. Using data from 7 years of experimental Air and Soil warming in moist acidic tundra, we show that Soil warming had a much stronger effect on CO 2 flux than Air warming. Soil warming caused rapid permafrost thaw and increased ecosystem respiration (R eco ), gross primary productivity ( GPP ), and net summer CO 2 storage ( NEE ). Over 7 years R eco , GPP , and NEE also increased in Control (i.e., ambient plots), but this change could be explained by slow thaw in Control areas. In the initial stages of thaw, R eco , GPP , and NEE increased linearly with thaw across all treatments, despite different rates of thaw. As thaw in Soil warming continued to increase linearly, ground surface subsidence created saturated microsites and suppressed R eco , GPP , and NEE . However R eco and GPP remained high in areas with large Eriophorum vaginatum biomass. In general NEE increased with thaw, but was more strongly correlated with plant biomass than thaw, indicating that higher R eco in deeply thawed areas during summer months was balanced by GPP . Summer CO 2 flux across treatments fit a single quadratic relationship that captured the functional response of CO 2 flux to thaw, water table depth, and plant biomass. These results demonstrate the importance of indirect thaw effects on CO 2 flux: plant growth and water table dynamics. Nonsummer R eco models estimated that the area was an annual CO 2 source during all years of observation. Nonsummer CO 2 loss in warmer, more deeply thawed soils exceeded the increases in summer GPP , and thawed tundra was a net annual CO 2 source.

Diversity and Inclusion in Conservation: A Proposal for a Marine Diversity Network - Nicola S. Smith; Isabelle M. Côté; Lourdes Martinez-Estevez; Edward J. Hind-Ozan; Angela L. Quiros; Nathan Johnson; Stephanie J. Green; Leslie Cornick; David Shiffman; Luis Malpica-Cruz; Allison Gleason Besch; Nikita Shiel-Rolle (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

The Significant Surface-Water Connectivity of “Geographically Isolated Wetlands” - Aram J. K. Calhoun; David M. Mushet; Laurie C. Alexander; Edward S. DeKeyser; Laurie Fowler; Charles R. Lane; Megan W. Lang; Mark C. Rains; Stephen C. Richter; Susan C. Walls (Wetlands, 2017)

Optimisation of kelp (Laminaria digitata) gametophyte growth and gametogenesis: effects of photoperiod and culture media - J. J. Ratcliff; A. Soler-Vila; D. Hanniffy; M. P. Johnson; M. D. Edwards (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2017)

The landscape of genetic diseases in Saudi Arabia based on the first 1000 diagnostic panels and exomes - Dorota Monies; Mohamed Abouelhoda; Moeenaldeen AlSayed; Zuhair Alhassnan; Maha Alotaibi; Husam Kayyali; Mohammed Al-Owain; Ayaz Shah; Zuhair Rahbeeni; Mohammad A. Al-Muhaizea; Hamad I. Alzaidan; Edward Cupler; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Establishing the link between market orientation and agricultural commercialization: Empirical evidence from Northern Ghana - Edward Martey; Prince M. Etwire; Alexander Nimo Wiredu; Benjamin D. K. Ahiabor (Food Security, 2017)

Elemental composition of Malawian rice - Edward J. M. Joy; E. Louise Ander; Martin R. Broadley; Scott D. Young; Allan D. C. Chilimba; Elliott M. Hamilton; Michael J. Watts (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2017)

Genomic analysis of chimeric human cytomegalovirus vaccine candidates derived from strains Towne and Toledo - Nicolás M. Suárez; Betty Lau; George M. Kemble; Ronzo Lee; Edward S. Mocarski; Gavin W. G. Wilkinson; Stuart P. Adler; Michael A. McVoy; Andrew J. Davison (Virus Genes, 2017)

Erosion from a Cross-Country Natural Gas Pipeline Corridor: The Critical First Year - Pamela J. Edwards; Bridget M. Harrison; Karl W.J. Williard; Jon E. Schoonover (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2017)

High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden - Ilse M. Kamerling; J. Edward Schofield; Kevin J. Edwards; Kjell-Åke Aronsson (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2017)

Cigarette smoking and the association with serous ovarian cancer in African American women: African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) - Linda E. Kelemen; Sarah Abbott; Bo Qin; Lauren Cole Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Kristin Wallace; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Kathleen Cartmell; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes - Janet Prevéy; Mark Vellend; Nadja Rüger; Robert D. Hollister; Anne D. Bjorkman; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Sarah C. Elmendorf; Karin Clark; Elisabeth J. Cooper; Bo Elberling; Anna M. Fosaa; Gregory H. R. Henry; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high‐latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high‐latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona . These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.

Exposure assessment of epoxy fatty acids through consumption of specific foods available in Belgium - Edward Mubiru; Liesbeth Jacxsens; Antonios Papastergiadis; Carl Lachat; Kshitij Shrestha; N. H. M. Rubel Mozumder; Bruno De Meulenaer (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2017)

Wide scope for ammonia and urea excretion in foraging Pacific hagfish - Michael P. Wilkie; Alexander M. Clifford; Susan L. Edwards; Gregory G. Goss (Marine Biology, 2017)

Drivers and potential predictability of summer time North Atlantic polar front jet variability - Richard J. Hall; Julie M. Jones; Edward Hanna; Adam A. Scaife; Róbert Erdélyi (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

The Effect of Biomass Densification on Structural Sugar Release and Yield in Biofuel Feedstock and Feedstock Blends - Edward J. Wolfrum; Nicholas J. Nagle; Ryan M. Ness; Darren J. Peterson; Allison E. Ray; Daniel M. Stevens (BioEnergy Research, 2017)

Does Aquaculture Support the Needs of Nutritionally Vulnerable Nations? - Christopher D. Golden; Katherine L. Seto; Madan M. Dey; Oai L. Chen; Jessica A. Gephart; Samuel S. Myers; Matthew Smith; Bapu Vaitla; Edward H. Allison (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Effect of tempol and tempol plus catalase on intra-renal haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHSP) and Wistar rats - Ahmad F Ahmeda; Mark G. Rae; Mohammed F. Al Otaibi; Lamyia M Anweigi; Edward J Johns (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017)

History of hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes and ovarian cancer patient survival: evidence from the ovarian cancer association consortium - Albina N. Minlikeeva; Jo L. Freudenheim; Rikki A. Cannioto; J. Brian Szender; Kevin H. Eng; Francesmary Modugno; Roberta B. Ness; Michael J. LaMonte; Grace Friel; Brahm H. Segal; Kunle Odunsi; Paul Mayor; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Lifetime number of ovulatory cycles and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in African American women - Lauren C. Peres; Patricia G. Moorman; Anthony J. Alberg; Elisa V. Bandera; Jill Barnholtz-Sloan; Melissa Bondy; Michele L. Cote; Ellen Funkhouser; Edward S. Peters; Ann G. Schwartz; Paul D. Terry; Sarah E. Abbott; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

The pelagic habitat analysis module for ecosystem‐based fisheries science and management - Daniel P. Harrison; Michael G. Hinton; Suzanne Kohin; Edward M. Armstrong; Stephanie Snyder; Frank O'Brien; Dale K. Kiefer (Fisheries Oceanography, 2017)
We have developed a set of tools that operate within an aquatic geographic information system to improve the accessibility, and usability of remote‐sensed satellite and computer‐modeled oceanographic data for marine science and ecosystem‐based management. The tools form the Pelagic Habitat Analysis Module ( PHAM ), which can be applied as a modeling platform, an investigative aid in scientific research, or utilized as a decision support system for marine ecological management. Applications include fisheries, marine biology, physical and biological oceanography, and marine spatial management. The GIS provides a home for diverse data types and automated tools for downloading remote sensed and global circulation model data. Within the GIS environment, PHAM provides a framework for seamless interactive four‐dimensional visualization, for matching between disparate data types, for flexible statistic or mechanistic model development, and for dynamic application of user developed models for habitat, density, and probability predictions. Here we describe PHAM in the context of ecosystem‐based fisheries management, and present results from case study projects which guided development. In the first, an analysis of the purse seine fishery for tropical tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean revealed oceanographic drivers of the catch distribution and the influence of climate‐driven circulation patterns on the location of fishing grounds. To support management of the Common Thresher Shark ( Alopias vulpinus ) in the California Current Ecosystem, a simple empirical habitat utilization model was developed and used to dynamically predict the seasonal range expansion of common thresher shark based on oceanographic conditions.

Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheries - Jose A Fernandes; Eleni Papathanasopoulou; Caroline Hattam; Ana M Queirós; William W W L Cheung; Andrew Yool; Yuri Artioli; Edward C Pope; Kevin J Flynn; Gorka Merino; Piero Calosi; Nicola Beaumont; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
Assessments of the combined ecological impacts of ocean acidification and warming ( OAW ) and their social and economic consequences can help develop adaptive and responsive management strategies in the most sensitive regions. Here, available observational and experimental data, theoretical, and modelling approaches are combined to project and quantify potential effects of OAW on the future fisheries catches and resulting revenues and employment in the UK under different CO 2 emission scenarios. Across all scenarios, based on the limited available experimental results considered, the bivalve species investigated were more affected by OAW than the fish species considered, compared with ocean warming alone. Projected standing stock biomasses decrease between 10 and 60%. These impacts translate into an overall fish and shellfish catch decrease of between 10 and 30% by 2020 across all areas except for the Scotland >10 m fleet. This latter fleet shows average positive impacts until 2050, declining afterwards. The main driver of the projected decreases is temperature rise (0.5–3.3 °C), which exacerbate the impact of decreases in primary production (10–30%) in UK fishing waters. The inclusion of the effect of ocean acidification on the carbon uptake of primary producers had very little impact on the projections of potential fish and shellfish catches ( 10 m fleet by the end of the century in all countries. Overall, losses in revenue are estimated to range between 1 and 21% in the short term (2020–50) with England and Scotland being the most negatively impacted in absolute terms, and Wales and North Ireland in relative terms. Losses in total employment (fisheries and associated industries) may reach approximately 3–20% during 2020–50 with the >10 m fleet and associated industries bearing the majority of the losses.

Continued feeding on Diporeia by deepwater sculpin in Lake Huron - Patricia A. Thompson; Edward F. Roseman; Kevin M. Keeler; Timothy P. O’Brien; Dustin A. Bowser (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2017)

Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2016 update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee - Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Mart Krupovic; Petar Knezevic; Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann; Jakub Barylski; J. Rodney Brister; Martha R. C. Clokie; Siobain Duffy; Bas E. Dutilh; Robert A. Edwards; Francois Enault; Ho Bin Jang; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2017)

High-Speed Laser Image Analysis of Plume Angles for Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers: The Effect of Nozzle Geometry - Yang Chen; Paul M. Young; Seamus Murphy; David F. Fletcher; Edward Long; David Lewis; Tanya Church; Daniela Traini (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2017)

Canine distemper virus in the Serengeti ecosystem: molecular adaptation to different carnivore species - Veljko M. Nikolin; Ximena A. Olarte‐Castillo; Nikolaus Osterrieder; Heribert Hofer; Edward Dubovi; Camila J. Mazzoni; Edgar Brunner; Katja V. Goller; Robert D. Fyumagwa; Patricia D. Moehlman; Dagmar Thierer; Marion L. East (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Was the 1993/1994 fatal canine distemper virus ( CDV ) epidemic in lions and spotted hyaenas in the Serengeti ecosystem caused by the recent spillover of a virulent domestic dog strain or one well adapted to these noncanids? We examine this question using sequence data from 13 ‘Serengeti’ strains including five complete genomes obtained between 1993 and 2011. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses reveal that strains from noncanids during the epidemic were more closely related to each other than to those from domestic or wild canids. All noncanid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic encoded: (1) one novel substitution G134S in the CDV ‐V protein; and (2) the rare amino acid combination 519I/549H at two sites under positive selection in the region of the CDV ‐H protein that binds to SLAM ( CD 150) host cell receptors. Worldwide, only a few noncanid strains in the America II lineage encode CDV ‐H 519I/549H. All canid ‘Serengeti’ strains during the epidemic coded CDV ‐V 134G, and CDV ‐H 519R/549Y, or 519R/549H. A functional assay of cell entry revealed the highest performance by CDV ‐H proteins encoding 519I/549H in cells expressing lion SLAM receptors, and the highest performance by proteins encoding 519R/549Y, typical of dog strains worldwide, in cells expressing dog SLAM receptors. Our findings are consistent with an epidemic in lions and hyaenas caused by CDV variants better adapted to noncanids than canids, but not with the recent spillover of a dog strain. Our study reveals a greater complexity of CDV molecular epidemiology in multihost environments than previously thought.

Ensemble Decision Tree Models Using RUSBoost for Estimating Risk of Iron Failure in Drinking Water Distribution Systems - S. R. Mounce; K. Ellis; J. M. Edwards; V. L. Speight; N. Jakomis; J. B. Boxall (Water Resources Management, 2017)

Shifts in species abundance of large benthic foraminifera Amphistegina: the possible effects of Tropical Cyclone Ita - Martina Prazeres; T. Edward Roberts; John M. Pandolfi (Coral Reefs, 2017)

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

Fishing degrades size structure of coral reef fish communities - James P. W. Robinson; Ivor D. Williams; Andrew M. Edwards; Jana McPherson; Lauren Yeager; Laurent Vigliola; Russell E. Brainard; Julia K. Baum (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Fishing pressure on coral reef ecosystems has been frequently linked to reductions of large fishes and reef fish biomass. Associated impacts on overall community structure are, however, less clear. In size‐structured aquatic ecosystems, fishing impacts are commonly quantified using size spectra, which describe the distribution of individual body sizes within a community. We examined the size spectra and biomass of coral reef fish communities at 38 US ‐affiliated Pacific islands that ranged in human presence from near pristine to human population centers. Size spectra ‘steepened’ steadily with increasing human population and proximity to market due to a reduction in the relative biomass of large fishes and an increase in the dominance of small fishes. Reef fish biomass was substantially lower on inhabited islands than uninhabited ones, even at inhabited islands with the lowest levels of human presence. We found that on populated islands size spectra exponents decreased (analogous to size spectra steepening) linearly with declining biomass, whereas on uninhabited islands there was no relationship. Size spectra were steeper in regions of low sea surface temperature but were insensitive to variation in other environmental and geomorphic covariates. In contrast, reef fish biomass was highly sensitive to oceanographic conditions, being influenced by both oceanic productivity and sea surface temperature. Our results suggest that community size structure may be a more robust indicator than fish biomass to increasing human presence and that size spectra are reliable indicators of exploitation impacts across regions of different fish community compositions, environmental drivers, and fisheries types. Size‐based approaches that link directly to functional properties of fish communities, and are relatively insensitive to abiotic variation across biogeographic regions, offer great potential for developing our understanding of fishing impacts in coral reef ecosystems.

In‐situ incubation of iron‐sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role for Thiomicrospira - Roman A. Barco; Colleen L. Hoffman; Gustavo A. Ramírez; Brandy M. Toner; Katrina J. Edwards; Jason B. Sylvan (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Sulfide mineral precipitation occurs at mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) spreading centers, both in the form of plume particles and seafloor massive sulfide structures. A common constituent of MOR is the iron‐bearing sulfide mineral pyrrhotite, which was chosen as a substrate for in‐situ incubation studies in shallow waters of Catalina Island, CA to investigate the colonization of iron‐oxidizing bacteria. Microbial community datasets were obtained from in‐situ incubated pyrrhotite, allowing for direct comparison to microbial communities of iron‐sulfides from active and inactive chimneys in deep‐sea environments. Unclassified Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria ( Magnetovibrio) largely dominated the bacterial community on pyrrhotite samples incubated in the water column while samples incubated at the surface sediment showed more even dominance by Deltaproteobacteria ( Desulfobulbus ), Gammaproteobacteria (Piscirickettsiaceae), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae), and Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriia). Cultivations that originated from pyrrhotite samples resulted in the enrichment of both, sheath‐forming and stalk‐forming Zetaproteobacteria. Additionally, a putative novel species of Thiomicrospira was isolated and shown to grow autotrophically with iron, indicating a new biogeochemical role for this ubiquitous microorganism.

Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan - Edward J. M. Joy; Waqar Ahmad; Munir H. Zia; Diriba B. Kumssa; Scott D. Young; E. Louise Ander; Michael J. Watts; Alexander J. Stein; Martin R. Broadley (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Evolution of a small hydrothermal eruption episode through a mud pool of varying depth and rheology, White Island, NZ - M. J. Edwards; B. M. Kennedy; A. D. Jolly; B. Scheu; P. Jousset (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2017)

Linking microbial diversity and functionality of arctic glacial surface habitats - Stefanie Lutz; Alexandre M. Anesio; Arwyn Edwards; Liane G. Benning (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Distinct microbial habitats on glacial surfaces are dominated by snow and ice algae, which are the critical players and the dominant primary colonisers and net producers during the melt season. Here for the first time we have evaluated the role of these algae in association with the full microbial community composition (i.e., algae, bacteria, archaea) in distinct surface habitats and on 12 glaciers and permanent snow fields in Svalbard and Arctic Sweden. We cross‐correlated these data with the analyses of specific metabolites such as fatty acids and pigments, and a full suite of potential critical physico‐chemical parameters including major and minor nutrients, and trace metals. It has been shown that correlations between single algal species, metabolites, and specific geochemical parameters can be used to unravel mixed metabolic signals in complex communities, further assign them to single species and infer their functionality. The data also clearly show that the production of metabolites in snow and ice algae is driven mainly by nitrogen and less so by phosphorus limitation. This is especially important for the synthesis of secondary carotenoids, which cause a darkening of glacial surfaces leading to a decrease in surface albedo and eventually higher melting rates.

The city as a refuge for insect pollinators - Damon M. Hall; Gerardo R. Camilo; Rebecca K. Tonietto; Jeff Ollerton; Karin Ahrné; Mike Arduser; John S. Ascher; Katherine C. R. Baldock; Robert Fowler; Gordon Frankie; Dave Goulson; Bengt Gunnarsson; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2017)
Research on urban insect pollinators is changing views on the biological value and ecological importance of cities. The abundance and diversity of native bee species in urban landscapes that are absent in nearby rural lands evidence the biological value and ecological importance of cities and have implications for biodiversity conservation. Lagging behind this revised image of the city are urban conservation programs that historically have invested in education and outreach rather than programs designed to achieve high‐priority species conservation results. We synthesized research on urban bee species diversity and abundance to determine how urban conservation could be repositioned to better align with new views on the ecological importance of urban landscapes. Due to insect pollinators’ relatively small functional requirements—habitat range, life cycle, and nesting behavior—relative to larger mammals, we argue that pollinators put high‐priority and high‐impact urban conservation within reach. In a rapidly urbanizing world, transforming how environmental managers view the city can improve citizen engagement and contribute to the development of more sustainable urbanization.

Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health - A. Lovegrove; C. H. Edwards; I. De Noni; H. Patel; S. N. El; T. Grassby; C. Zielke; M. Ulmius; L. Nilsson; P. J. Butterworth; P. R Ellis; P. R. Shewry (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017)

Differences in photosynthetic syndromes of four halophytic marsh grasses in Pakistan - Muhammad Moinuddin; Salman Gulzar; Abdul Hameed; Bilquees Gul; M. Ajmal Khan; Gerald E. Edwards (Photosynthesis Research, 2017)

Sr-Nd-Os-S isotope and PGE geochemistry of the Xiarihamu magmatic sulfide deposit in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau, China - Zhaowei Zhang; Qingyan Tang; Chusi Li; Yalei Wang; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2017)

The effect of liquid composition on the partitioning of Ni between olivine and silicate melt - Andrew K. Matzen; Michael B. Baker; John R. Beckett; Bernard J. Wood; Edward M. Stolper (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery - Ryan Trombetta; Jason A. Inzana; Edward M. Schwarz; Stephen L. Kates; Hani A. Awad (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Erratum to: Time to flowering of temperate pulses in vivo and generation turnover in vivo–in vitro of narrow-leaf lupin accelerated by low red to far-red ratio and high intensity in the far-red region - Janine S. Croser; Maria Pazos-Navarro; Richard G. Bennett; Sabrina Tschirren; Kylie Edwards; William Erskine; Robert Creasy; Federico M. Ribalta (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2016)

Time to flowering of temperate pulses in vivo and generation turnover in vivo–in vitro of narrow-leaf lupin accelerated by low red to far-red ratio and high intensity in the far-red region - Janine S. Croser; Maria Pazos-Navarro; Richard G. Bennett; Sabrina Tschirren; Kylie Edwards; William Erskine; Robert Creasy; Federico M. Ribalta (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2016)

Shrinking of Vann Island, Gulf of Mannar, SE coast of India: assessing the impacts - M. Jayaprakash; K. Sivakumar; S. Muthusamy; R. R. Krishnamurthy; J. K. Edward Patterson (Natural Hazards, 2016)

Interaction between irbesartan, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), and adiponectin in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats - S. Afzal; M. A. Sattar; Edward J. Johns; Mohammed H. Abdulla; Safia Akhtar; Fayyaz Hashmi; Nor Azizan Abdullah (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2016)

Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteases in Neuronal Welfare - Roman M. Levytskyy; Edward M. Germany; Oleh Khalimonchuk (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2016)

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine - Alicia G. Lydecker; Abhisheak Sharma; Christopher R. McCurdy; Bonnie A. Avery; Kavita M. Babu; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016)

Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoproteins: Entry, Replication, and Pathogenesis - Stefan L. Oliver; Edward Yang; Ann M. Arvin (Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 2016)