Radiative Processes in the Stable Boundary Layer: Part I. Radiative Aspects - J. M. Edwards (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2009)

Biodegradation and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in treatment systems: a review - Kathryn M. Onesios; Jim T. Yu; Edward J. Bouwer (Biodegradation, 2009)

An interlaboratory comparison of 16S rRNA gene‐based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods for assessing microbial diversity of seafloor basalts - Beth Orcutt; Brad Bailey; Hubert Staudigel; Bradley M. Tebo; Katrina J. Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary We present an interlaboratory comparison between full‐length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) for microbial communities hosted on seafloor basaltic lavas, with the goal of evaluating how similarly these two different DNA‐based methods used in two independent labs would estimate the microbial diversity of the same basalt samples. Two samples were selected for these analyses based on differences detected in the overall levels of microbial diversity between them. Richness estimators indicate that TRFLP analysis significantly underestimates the richness of the relatively high‐diversity seafloor basalt microbial community: at least 50% of species from the high‐diversity site are missed by TRFLP. However, both methods reveal similar dominant species from the samples, and they predict similar levels of relative diversity between the two samples. Importantly, these results suggest that DNA‐extraction or PCR‐related bias between the two laboratories is minimal. We conclude that TRFLP may be useful for relative comparisons of diversity between basalt samples, for identifying dominant species, and for estimating the richness and evenness of low‐diversity, skewed populations of seafloor basalt microbial communities, but that TRFLP may miss a majority of species in relatively highly diverse samples.

Intestinal Lymphatic Transport Enhances the Post-Prandial Oral Bioavailability of a Novel Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Via Avoidance of First-Pass Metabolism - Natalie L. Trevaskis; David M. Shackleford; William N. Charman; Glenn A. Edwards; Anne Gardin; Silke Appel-Dingemanse; Olivier Kretz; Bruno Galli; Christopher J. H. Porter (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Targetable HPMA Copolymer–Aminohexylgeldanamycin Conjugates for Prostate Cancer Therapy - Mark P. Borgman; Abhijit Ray; Rohit B. Kolhatkar; Edward A. Sausville; Angelika M. Burger; Hamidreza Ghandehari (Pharmaceutical Research, 2009)

Intratumoral Delivery of Paclitaxel in Solid Tumor from Biodegradable Hyaluronan Nanoparticle Formulations - Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem; Ahmad H. Malkawi; Yahya M. Muammer; Justin M. Balko; Esther P. Black; Walid Mourad; Edward Romond (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2009)

Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries - Edward H. Allison; Allison L. Perry; Marie‐Caroline Badjeck; W. Neil Adger; Katrina Brown; Declan Conway; Ashley S. Halls; Graham M. Pilling; John D. Reynolds; Neil L. Andrew; Nicholas K. Dulvy (Fish and Fisheries, 2009)
Anthropogenic global warming has significantly influenced physical and biological processes at global and regional scales. The observed and anticipated changes in global climate present significant opportunities and challenges for societies and economies. We compare the vulnerability of 132 national economies to potential climate change impacts on their capture fisheries using an indicator‐based approach. Countries in Central and Western Africa (e.g. Malawi, Guinea, Senegal, and Uganda), Peru and Colombia in north‐western South America, and four tropical Asian countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, and Yemen) were identified as most vulnerable. This vulnerability was due to the combined effect of predicted warming, the relative importance of fisheries to national economies and diets, and limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and opportunities. Many vulnerable countries were also among the world’s least developed countries whose inhabitants are among the world’s poorest and twice as reliant on fish, which provides 27% of dietary protein compared to 13% in less vulnerable countries. These countries also produce 20% of the world’s fish exports and are in greatest need of adaptation planning to maintain or enhance the contribution that fisheries can make to poverty reduction. Although the precise impacts and direction of climate‐driven change for particular fish stocks and fisheries are uncertain, our analysis suggests they are likely to lead to either increased economic hardship or missed opportunities for development in countries that depend upon fisheries but lack the capacity to adapt.

Intact amino acid uptake by northern hardwood and conifer trees - Anne Gallet-Budynek; Edward Brzostek; Vikki L. Rodgers; Jennifer M. Talbot; Sharon Hyzy; Adrien C. Finzi (Oecologia, 2009)

Effect of rotator cuff dysfunction on the initial mechanical stability of cementless glenoid components - Daniel R. Suárez; Edward R. Valstar; Jacqueline C. van der Linden; Fred van Keulen; Piet M. Rozing (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2009)

Effects of e-mails containing ADR information and a current case report on ADR reporting rate and quality of reports - Marie-Louise Johansson; Gertrud Brunlöf; Christina Edward; Susanna M. Wallerstedt (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009)

Fusarium langsethiae pathogenicity and aggressiveness towards oats and wheat in wounded and unwounded in vitro detached leaf assays - Samuel M. Imathiu; Rumiana V. Ray; Matthew Back; Martin C. Hare; Simon G. Edwards (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2009)

Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study - Limin X. Clegg; Marsha E. Reichman; Barry A. Miller; Benjamin F. Hankey; Gopal K. Singh; Yi Dan Lin; Marc T. Goodman; Charles F. Lynch; Stephen M. Schwartz; Vivien W. Chen; Leslie Bernstein; Scarlett L. Gomez; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2009)

Radiative Processes in the Stable Boundary Layer: Part I. Radiative Aspects - J. M. Edwards (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2009)

Radiative Processes in the Stable Boundary Layer: Part II. The Development of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer - J. M. Edwards (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2009)

The effect of temperature on the coupling between phosphorus and growth in lacustrine bacterioplankton communities - Edward K. Hall; Andrew R. Dzialowski; Samuel M. Stoxen; James B. Cotner (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
Phosphorus (P) routinely limits microbial growth in freshwater ecosystems. The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) relates growth to biomass P content mechanistically through changes in ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). Although the GRH has been shown in cultured bacteria, less well understood is how GRH relationships are affected by interactions with environmental parameters such as temperature. To address this, we evaluated the relationship between bacterial biomass P, RNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ratio, and growth rate in 47 northern temperate lakes. Although RNA:DNA ratio was positively correlated with bacterial biomass P : carbon (C), we found no correlation between growth rate and RNA:DNA or between growth rate and biomass P : C. There was, however, a significant effect of temperature on biomass P : C. We investigated the effect of temperature more directly using filter‐separated bacterial communities from two lakes during two seasons while experimentally manipulating temperature and resources. For the summer communities, bacterial production (BP) and biomass P were positively correlated, and the slope of that relationship increased with increasing temperature. In winter communities, BP and biomass P were again positively correlated; however, the slope of that relationship decreased with increasing temperature. The slope of the relationship between BP and biomass P is a metric of nutrient use efficiency and was strongly influenced by temperature. More importantly, bacterioplankton demonstrated seasonal acclimation or adaptation to in situ temperature, suggesting that studies evaluating multiple communities in time and space fail to find a clear relationship between temperature and bacterial metabolism because bacterial communities are locally adapted to in situ temperature.

Near real‐time, autonomous detection of marine bacterioplankton on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay, California, using rRNA‐targeted DNA probes - Christina M. Preston; Roman Marin; Scott D. Jensen; Jason Feldman; James M. Birch; Eugene I. Massion; Edward F. DeLong; Marcelino Suzuki; Kevin Wheeler; Christopher A. Scholin (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary A sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) was developed to detect 16S rRNAs indicative of phylogenetically distinct groups of marine bacterioplankton in a 96‐well plate format as well as low‐density arrays printed on a membrane support. The arrays were used in a field‐deployable instrument, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). The SHA employs a chaotropic buffer for both cell homogenization and hybridization, thus target sequences are captured directly from crude homogenates. Capture probes for seven of nine different bacterioplankton clades examined reacted specifically when challenged with target and non‐target 16S rRNAs derived from in vitro transcribed 16S rRNA genes cloned from natural samples. Detection limits were between 0.10–1.98 and 4.43– 12.54 fmole ml −1 homogenate for the 96‐well plate and array SHA respectively. Arrays printed with five of the bacterioplankton‐specific capture probes were deployed on the ESP in Monterey Bay, CA, twice in 2006 for a total of 25 days and also utilized in a laboratory time series study. Groups detected included marine alphaproteobacteria, SAR11, marine cyanobacteria, marine group I crenarchaea, and marine group II euryarchaea. To our knowledge this represents the first report of remote in situ DNA probe‐based detection of marine bacterioplankton.

Targeted transgene integration in plant cells using designed zinc finger nucleases - Charles Q. Cai; Yannick Doyon; W. Michael Ainley; Jeffrey C. Miller; Russell C. DeKelver; Erica A. Moehle; Jeremy M. Rock; Ya-Li Lee; Robbi Garrison; Lisa Schulenberg; Ryan Blue; Andrew Worden; et al. (Plant Molecular Biology, 2009)

Changes in Nutritional Value of Cyanogenic Trifolium repens Grown at Elevated Atmospheric CO2 - Roslyn M. Gleadow; Everard J. Edwards; John R. Evans (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009)

Climatic drivers of hemispheric asymmetry in global patterns of ant species richness - Robert R. Dunn; Donat Agosti; Alan N. Andersen; Xavier Arnan; Carsten A. Bruhl; Xim Cerdá; Aaron M. Ellison; Brian L. Fisher; Matthew C. Fitzpatrick; Heloise Gibb; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Aaron D. Gove; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2009)
Although many taxa show a latitudinal gradient in richness, the relationship between latitude and species richness is often asymmetrical between the northern and southern hemispheres. Here we examine the latitudinal pattern of species richness across 1003 local ant assemblages. We find latitudinal asymmetry, with southern hemisphere sites being more diverse than northern hemisphere sites. Most of this asymmetry could be explained statistically by differences in contemporary climate. Local ant species richness was positively associated with temperature, but negatively (although weakly) associated with temperature range and precipitation. After contemporary climate was accounted for, a modest difference in diversity between hemispheres persisted, suggesting that factors other than contemporary climate contributed to the hemispherical asymmetry. The most parsimonious explanation for this remaining asymmetry is that greater climate change since the Eocene in the northern than in the southern hemisphere has led to more extinctions in the northern hemisphere with consequent effects on local ant species richness.

Disturbance‐Response Analysis: a Method for Rapid Assessment of the Threat to Species in Disturbed Areas - CARLOS MARTORELL; EDWARD M. PETERS (Conservation Biology, 2009)
We developed a method with which to analyze a specie's response to chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD). We regressed density of individuals on the intensity of 3 disturbance agents (human activities, raising livestock, and land degradation) along CAD gradients to determine how much CAD is experienced by a species; whether species are ruderal (achieving maximum densities in disturbed sites); whether density declines as a result of CAD; which disturbance agents are responsible for this reduction; and the number of populations that decline as a result of CAD. We tested the method on 9 threatened Mammillaria species (Cactaceae). Seven species were ruderal. In 4 species, actual disturbance surpassed the CAD intensity in which plants achieved their maximum densities; thus, the density of those 4 species appeared to be declining. For 7 species, some populations were threatened by human activities or livestock, whereas others were favored by them. Land degradation negatively affected all species. Our results allowed us to distinguish 4 groups of species that had similar responses and thus may require different forms of management. Our method provided an estimation of the growth rate (λ) of the studied populations that was significantly correlated with λs obtained from demographic studies. The size structures of populations were consistent with the predictions of the analysis, which suggests our results are consistent and reliable. Disturbance–response analysis provides a basis for management in heavily populated areas, where conservation must be achieved along with development activities that cause CAD. The method provides readily interpretable information, which facilitates participative decision making; the data are rapidly generated, which makes it appropriate when results are required promptly or for assessment of large numbers of species; and it provides a comprehensive perception of how threatened species behave in the real world.

Estimating watershed area for playas in the Southern High Plains, USA - Amy J. Ekanayake; Jo -Szu Tsai; Linda J. S. Allen; Loren M. Smith; James G. Surles; Edward J. Allen (Wetlands, 2009)

Forward and reverse genetics of rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea - Edward Himelblau; Erin J. Gilchrist; Kelly Buono; Colleen Bizzell; Laurie Mentzer; Robert Vogelzang; Thomas Osborn; Richard M. Amasino; Isobel A. P. Parkin; George W. Haughn (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009)

Contribution of N 2 O to the greenhouse gas balance of first‐generation biofuels - EDWARD M. W. SMEETS; LEX F. BOUWMAN; ELKE STEHFEST; DETLEF P. Van VUUREN; ADAM POSTHUMA (Global Change Biology, 2009)

Establishment of parallel altitudinal clines in traits of native and introduced forbs - Jake M. Alexander; Peter J. Edwards; Myriam Poll; Catherine G. Parks; Hansjörg Dietz (Ecology, 2009)
Due to altered ecological and evolutionary contexts, we might expect the responses of alien plants to environmental gradients, as revealed through patterns of trait variation, to differ from those of the same species in their native range. In particular, the spread of alien plant species along such gradients might be limited by their ability to establish clinal patterns of trait variation. We investigated trends in growth and reproductive traits in natural populations of eight invasive Asteraceae forbs along altitudinal gradients in their native and introduced ranges (Valais, Switzerland, and Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, USA). Plants showed similar responses to altitude in both ranges, being generally smaller and having fewer inflorescences but larger seeds at higher altitudes. However, these trends were modified by region‐specific effects that were independent of species status (native or introduced), suggesting that any differential performance of alien species in the introduced range cannot be interpreted without a fully reciprocal approach to test the basis of these differences. Furthermore, we found differences in patterns of resource allocation to capitula among species in the native and the introduced areas. These suggest that the mechanisms underlying trait variation, for example, increasing seed size with altitude, might differ between ranges. The rapid establishment of clinal patterns of trait variation in the new range indicates that the need to respond to altitudinal gradients, possibly by local adaptation, has not limited the ability of these species to invade mountain regions. Studies are now needed to test the underlying mechanisms of altitudinal clines in traits of alien species.

Duplication of AP1 within the Spinacia oleracea L. AP1/FUL clade is followed by rapid amino acid and regulatory evolution - D. Noah Sather; Edward M. Golenberg (Planta, 2009)

Regulating intensity using perceived exertion: effect of exercise duration - Jie Kang; Edward C. Chaloupka; Gregory B. Biren; M. Alysia Mastrangelo; Jay R. Hoffman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2009)

Enhanced discrimination of African swine fever virus isolates through nucleotide sequencing of the p54, p72, and pB602L (CVR) genes - Carmina Gallardo; Dufton M. Mwaengo; Joseph M. Macharia; Marisa Arias; Evans A. Taracha; Alejandro Soler; Edward Okoth; Elena Martín; Jackline Kasiti; Richard P. Bishop (Virus Genes, 2009)

Contribution of N 2 O to the greenhouse gas balance of first‐generation biofuels - EDWARD M. W. SMEETS; LEX F. BOUWMAN; ELKE STEHFEST; DETLEF P. Van VUUREN; ADAM POSTHUMA (Global Change Biology, 2009)
In this study, we analyze the impact of fertilizer‐ and manure‐induced N 2 O emissions due to energy crop production on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when conventional transportation fuels are replaced by first‐generation biofuels (also taking account of other GHG emissions during the entire life cycle). We calculate the nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions by applying a statistical model that uses spatial data on climate and soil. For the land use that is assumed to be replaced by energy crop production (the ‘reference land‐use system’), we explore a variety of options, the most important of which are cropland for food production, grassland, and natural vegetation. Calculations are also done in the case that emissions due to energy crop production are fully additional and thus no reference is considered. The results are combined with data on other emissions due to biofuels production that are derived from existing studies, resulting in total GHG emission reduction potentials for major biofuels compared with conventional fuels. The results show that N 2 O emissions can have an important impact on the overall GHG balance of biofuels, though there are large uncertainties. The most important ones are those in the statistical model and the GHG emissions not related to land use. Ethanol produced from sugar cane and sugar beet are relatively robust GHG savers: these biofuels change the GHG emissions by −103% to −60% (sugar cane) and −58% to −17% (sugar beet), compared with conventional transportation fuels and depending on the reference land‐use system that is considered. The use of diesel from palm fruit also results in a relatively constant and substantial change of the GHG emissions by −75% to −39%. For corn and wheat ethanol, the figures are −38% to 11% and −107% to 53%, respectively. Rapeseed diesel changes the GHG emissions by −81% to 72% and soybean diesel by −111% to 44%. Optimized crop management, which involves the use of state‐of‐the‐art agricultural technologies combined with an optimized fertilization regime and the use of nitrification inhibitors, can reduce N 2 O emissions substantially and change the GHG emissions by up to −135 percent points (pp) compared with conventional management. However, the uncertainties in the statistical N 2 O emission model and in the data on non‐land‐use GHG emissions due to biofuels production are large; they can change the GHG emission reduction by between −152 and 87 pp.

The diversity and abundance of bacteria inhabiting seafloor lavas positively correlate with rock alteration - Cara M. Santelli; Virginia P. Edgcomb; Wolfgang Bach; Katrina J. Edwards (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Young, basaltic ocean crust exposed near mid‐ocean ridge spreading centers present a spatially extensive environment that may be exploited by epi‐ and endolithic microbes in the deep sea. Geochemical energy released during basalt alteration reactions can theoretically support chemosynthesis, contributing to a trophic base for the ocean crust biome. To examine associations between endolithic microorganisms and basalt alteration processes, we compare the phylogenetic diversity, abundance and community structure of bacteria existing in several young, seafloor lavas from the East Pacific Rise at ∼9°N that are variably affected by oxidative seawater alteration. The results of 16S rRNA gene analyses and real‐time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements show that the abundance of prokaryotic communities, dominated by the bacterial domain, positively correlates with the extent of rock alteration – the oldest, most altered basalt harbours the greatest microbial biomass. The bacterial community overlap, structure and species richness relative to alteration state is less explicit, but broadly corresponds to sample characteristics (type of alteration products and general alteration state). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the basalt biome may contribute to the geochemical cycling of Fe, S, Mn, C and N in the deep sea.

Head CT in patient with metabolic acidosis - Kavita M. Babu; C. D. Rosenbaum; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2008)

Lemur Diversity in Madagascar - Russell A. Mittermeier; Jörg U. Ganzhorn; William R. Konstant; Kenneth Glander; Ian Tattersall; Colin P. Groves; Anthony B. Rylands; Andreas Hapke; Jonah Ratsimbazafy; Mireya I. Mayor; Edward E. Louis; Yves Rumpler; et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 2008)

A region of barley chromosome 6H harbors multiple major genes associated with net type net blotch resistance - M. Abu Qamar; Z. H. Liu; J. D. Faris; S. Chao; M. C. Edwards; Z. Lai; J. D. Franckowiak; T. L. Friesen (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2008)

Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical studies of the Limahe mafic–ultramatic intrusion and associated Ni–Cu sulfide ores, SW China - Yan Tao; Chusi Li; Xie-Yan Song; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2008)

Genetic variation for big-vein symptom expression and resistance to Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus in Lactuca virosa L., a wild relative of cultivated lettuce - Ryan J. Hayes; Edward J. Ryder; William M. Wintermantel (Euphytica, 2008)

Origin of, and conservation units in, the Irish red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) population - Laura A. Finnegan; Ceiridwen J. Edwards; John M. Rochford (Conservation Genetics, 2008)

Plant development inhibitory genes in binary vector backbone improve quality event efficiency in soybean transformation - Xudong Ye; Edward J. Williams; Junjiang Shen; James A. Esser; Amy M. Nichols; Michael W. Petersen; Larry A. Gilbertson (Transgenic Research, 2008)

Dynamic expansion in recently introduced populations of fire ant parasitoids (Diptera: Phoridae) - Edward G. LeBrun; Robert M. Plowes; Lawrence E. Gilbert (Biological Invasions, 2008)

Polymorphic Variants of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Gene in a Romanian Population with Atheroma - Olguta C. Samoila; Angela M. Carter; Simon T. Futers; Gabriela Otiman; Andrei Anghel; Liviu Tamas; Edward Seclaman (Biochemical Genetics, 2008)

Antiproliferative compounds of Artabotrys madagascariensis from the Madagascar rainforest - Brian T. Murphy; Shugeng Cao; Peggy J. Brodie; James S. Miller; Fidy Ratovoson; Chris Birkinshaw; Etienne Rakotobe; Vincent E. Rasamison; Karen Tendyke; Edward M. Suh; David G. I. Kingston (Natural Product Research, 2008)

Case files of the University of Massachusetts Fellowship in Medical Toxicology: Lethal dose of opioids contained in an elastomeric capsule labeled as vancomycin - James M. Courtney; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2008)

Abundant Fe–Ti oxide inclusions in olivine from the Panzhihua and Hongge layered intrusions, SW China: evidence for early saturation of Fe–Ti oxides in ferrobasaltic magma - Kwan-Nang Pang; Chusi Li; Mei-Fu Zhou; Edward M. Ripley (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)

Cell-type-specific level of DNA nucleotide excision repair in primary human mammary and ovarian epithelial cell cultures - Jean J. Latimer; Jennifer M. Johnson; Tiffany D. Miles; Jason M. Dimsdale; Robert P. Edwards; Joseph L. Kelley; Stephen G. Grant (Cell and Tissue Research, 2008)

Controls on variations of platinum-group element concentrations in the sulfide ores of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit, western China - Shangguo Su; Chusi Li; Mei-Fu Zhou; Edward M. Ripley; Liang Qi (Mineralium Deposita, 2008)

Age- and sex-related differences in muscle activation for a discrete functional task - B. Harwood; D. L. Edwards; J. M. Jakobi (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008)

Characterization of 20 microsatellites marker loci in the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) - Andriamahery Razafindrakoto; Erwan Quéméré; Gary D. Shore; Susie M. McGuire; Edward E. Louis; Rick A. Brenneman (Conservation Genetics, 2008)

Characterization of 20 microsatellites developed from Propithecus deckeni coronatus with cross-amplification in Propithecus deckeni deckeni - Runhua Lei; Susie M. McGuire; Gary D. Shore; Edward E. Louis; Rick A. Brenneman (Conservation Genetics, 2008)

Heterologous expression of pyruvate decarboxylase in Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius - Ann H. Thompson; David J. Studholme; Edward M. Green; David J. Leak (Biotechnology Letters, 2008)

Overexpression of the maize Teosinte Branched1 gene in wheat suppresses tiller development - Janet M. Lewis; Caroline A. Mackintosh; Sanghyun Shin; Edward Gilding; Sasha Kravchenko; Gerald Baldridge; Richard Zeyen; Gary J. Muehlbauer (Plant Cell Reports, 2008)

Carbapenems versus other beta-lactams in treating severe infections in intensive care: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials - S. J. Edwards; M. J. Clarke; S. Wordsworth; C. E. Emmas (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008)

Upgrades to the Boundary-Layer Scheme in the Met Office Numerical Weather Prediction Model - A. R. Brown; R. J. Beare; J. M. Edwards; A. P. Lock; S. J. Keogh; S. F. Milton; D. N. Walters (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2008)

Darwin’s naturalization conundrum: dissecting taxonomic patterns of species invasions - Jeffrey M. Diez; Jon J. Sullivan; Philip E. Hulme; Grant Edwards; Richard P. Duncan (Ecology Letters, 2008)
Darwin acknowledged contrasting, plausible arguments for how species invasions are influenced by phylogenetic relatedness to the native community. These contrasting arguments persist today without clear resolution. Using data on the naturalization and abundance of exotic plants in the Auckland region, we show how different expectations can be accommodated through attention to scale, assumptions about niche overlap, and stage of invasion. Probability of naturalization was positively related to the number of native species in a genus but negatively related to native congener abundance, suggesting the importance of both niche availability and biotic resistance. Once naturalized, however, exotic abundance was not related to the number of native congeners, but positively related to native congener abundance. Changing the scale of analysis altered this outcome: within habitats exotic abundance was negatively related to native congener abundance, implying that native and exotic species respond similarly to broad scale environmental variation across habitats, with biotic resistance occurring within habitats.

Evaluation of a urine screen for acetaminophen - Daniel M. Ingram; George M. Bosse; Edward P. Womack; Saeed A. Jortani (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2008)

Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data - M. J. Power; J. Marlon; N. Ortiz; P. J. Bartlein; S. P. Harrison; F. E. Mayle; A. Ballouche; R. H. W. Bradshaw; C. Carcaillet; C. Cordova; S. Mooney; P. I. Moreno; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2008)

Effect of timing of fungicide application on the development of Fusarium head blight and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in winter wheat grain - S. Pirgozliev; R. Ray; S. Edwards; M. Hare; P. Jenkinson (Cereal Research Communications, 2008)

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum and Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrids as Feedstocks for Ethanol Production - Thomas L. Tew; Robert M. Cobill; Edward P. Richard (BioEnergy Research, 2008)

Standpunkte, Praktiken und Kenntnisstand zur Ferkelkastration in Europa (PIGCAS) – Projektziele und erste Ergebnisse - Eberhard von Borell; M. Oliver; B. Fredriksen; S. Edwards; M. Bonneau (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2008)

Scale‐dependent carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus seston stoichiometry in marine and freshwaters - Robert W. Sterner; Tom Andersen; James J. Elser; Dag O. Hessen; James M. Hood; Edward McCauley; Jotaro Urabe (Limnology and Oceanography, 2008)
The classical Redfield ratio of carbon106 : nitrogen16 : phosphorus1 is a cornerstone of biogeochemistry. With the use of >2,000 observations of the chemistry of particulate matter from small and large lakes, as well as near and off‐shore marine environments, we found that the best model to describe seston stoichiometry depended on the scale of analysis. We also found that there were better estimates for seston chemistry than the classical ratio for all habitats, whether freshwater or marine. Across the entire data set, a constant proportionality of C 166 :N 20 : P 1 (±error) described the data, which implies higher C sequestration per unit of N and P in surface waters than given in the classical ratio. At a regional scale, however, C: P and C:N often declined with increasing seston abundance, rejecting a constant ratio model. Within both freshwater and marine habitats, higher seston abundance is often associated with lower C: P and C:N ratios (higher nutrient content). The difference in appropriateness of the constant ratio model with respect to the entire data compared with subsets of the data indicates a scale dependence in stoichiometric relationships in seston C:N: P ratios. Given these consistent shifts in seston chemistry with particle abundance, the narrower variation in seston chemistry associated with marine seston chemistry could occur because of a reduced range of particulate nutrient concentration. For all but the largest scales, the classical Redfield model of biogeochemical cycling should be replaced with a more general power function model.

Availability of iron from iron‐storage proteins to marine phytoplankton - Madeli Castruita; Yeala Shaked; Lauren A. Elmegreen; Edward I. Stiefel; François M. M. Morel (Limnology and Oceanography, 2008)
We examined the bioavailability of iron‐storage proteins—including representatives of maxi‐ and miniferritins— to various species of marine phytoplankton. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species were able to grow rapidly with horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐binding proteins from starved cells (Dps) from Trichodesmium erythraeum as the sole Fe source in the medium. In the presence of ethylenediaminetetra‐acetic acid (EDTA), cells grown with HoSF or Dps maintained exponential growth rates similar to those obtained at the same concentration of FeEDTA. Growth was also observed in the absence of EDTA, showing that a complexing agent is not necessary for Fe availability. The bioavailability of Fe in these storage proteins apparently results from a spontaneous release of Fe(III) to solution with an effective first‐order rate constant ~0.15 d −1 . Genes coding for iron‐storage proteins are common in DNA samples from seawater. In iron‐deprived marine ecosystems, iron‐storage proteins may be important constituents of the recycled iron pool and modulate its availability to phytoplankton.

Outdoor Air PCB Concentrations in Three Communities Along the Upper Hudson River, New York - Patrick M. Palmer; Erin E. Belanger; Lloyd R. Wilson; Syni-An A. Hwang; Rajinder S. Narang; Marta I. Gomez; Michael R. Cayo; Lorie A. Durocher; Edward F. Fitzgerald (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008)

Bayesian Coalescent Analysis Reveals a High Rate of Molecular Evolution in GB Virus C - Camila M. Romano; Paolo M. de A. Zanotto; Edward C. Holmes (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2008)

Liver lesions in demersal fishes near a large ocean outfall on the San Pedro Shelf, California - Edward Basmadjian; Edwin M. Perkins; Charles R. Phillips; Daniel J. Heilprin; Susan D. Watts; Douglas R. Diener; Mark S. Myers; Kelly A. Koerner; Michael J. Mengel; George Robertson; Jeffrey L. Armstrong; Andrew L. Lissner; et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008)

Multi-species spawning of corals in north-western Philippines - K. C. Vicentuan; J. R. Guest; M. V. Baria; P. C. Cabaitan; R. M. Dizon; R. D. Villanueva; P. M. Aliño; A. J. Edwards; E. D. Gomez; A. J. Heyward (Coral Reefs, 2008)

Maturation of the contractile response of the Emu ductus arteriosus - Edward M. Dzialowski; Henry Greyner (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2008)

Asymmetric larval competition in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis: a role in sex allocation? - Edward M. Sykes; Tabitha M. Innocent; Ido Pen; David M. Shuker; Stuart A. West (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2008)

Prediction uncertainty of environmental change effects on temperate European biodiversity - Carsten F. Dormann; Oliver Schweiger; P. Arens; I. Augenstein; St. Aviron; Debra Bailey; J. Baudry; R. Billeter; R. Bugter; R. Bukácek; F. Burel; M. Cerny; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2008)
Observed patterns of species richness at landscape scale (gamma diversity) cannot always be attributed to a specific set of explanatory variables, but rather different alternative explanatory statistical models of similar quality may exist. Therefore predictions of the effects of environmental change (such as in climate or land cover) on biodiversity may differ considerably, depending on the chosen set of explanatory variables. Here we use multimodel prediction to evaluate effects of climate, land‐use intensity and landscape structure on species richness in each of seven groups of organisms (plants, birds, spiders, wild bees, ground beetles, true bugs and hoverflies) in temperate Europe. We contrast this approach with traditional best‐model predictions, which we show, using cross‐validation, to have inferior prediction accuracy. Multimodel inference changed the importance of some environmental variables in comparison with the best model, and accordingly gave deviating predictions for environmental change effects. Overall, prediction uncertainty for the multimodel approach was only slightly higher than that of the best model, and absolute changes in predicted species richness were also comparable. Richness predictions varied generally more for the impact of climate change than for land‐use change at the coarse scale of our study. Overall, our study indicates that the uncertainty introduced to environmental change predictions through uncertainty in model selection both qualitatively and quantitatively affects species richness projections.

Textural, mineralogical and stable isotope studies of hydrothermal alteration in the main sulfide zone of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe and the precious metals zone of the Sonju Lake Intrusion, Minnesota, USA - Chusi Li; Edward M. Ripley; Thomas Oberthür; James D. Miller; Gregory D. Joslin (Mineralium Deposita, 2008)

Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution - S. R. Floeter; L. A. Rocha; D. R. Robertson; J. C. Joyeux; W. F. Smith‐Vaniz; P. Wirtz; A. J. Edwards; J. P. Barreiros; C. E. L. Ferreira; J. L. Gasparini; A. Brito; J. M. Falcón; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2008)
Aim To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location Atlantic Ocean. Methods The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum‐parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio‐temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non‐terrestrial) inter‐regional barriers (mid‐Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as ‘filters’ by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic. Main conclusions Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former.

Combinations of Ancestral Modules in Proteins - Yehoshua Sobolevsky; Zakharia M. Frenkel; Edward N. Trifonov (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2007)

Dietary fat’gene interactions in cancer - Yong Q. Chen; Iris J. Edwards; Steven J. Kridel; Todd Thornburg; Isabelle M. Berquin (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2007)

Influence of canopy structure on the survival and growth of underplanted seedlings - John M. Lhotka; Edward F. Loewenstein (New Forests, 2007)

Within-field variability of Fusarium head blight pathogens and their associated mycotoxins - X.-M. Xu; D. W. Parry; P. Nicholson; M. A. Thomsett; D. Simpson; S. G. Edwards; B. M. Cooke; F. M. Doohan; S. Monaghan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007)

Nitric oxide upregulation of caspase-8 mRNA expression in lung endothelial cells: role of JAK2/STAT-1 signaling - Liuzhe Li; Jianliang Zhang; Bilian Jin; Edward R. Block; Jawaharlal M. Patel (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2007)

Effects of Helicobacter hepaticus on the proteome of HEp-2 cells - Arinze S. Okoli; Edward M. Fox; Mark J. Raftery; George L. Mendz (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2007)

The natural furanone ( 5Z )‐4‐bromo‐5‐(bromomethylene)‐3‐butyl‐2( 5H )‐furanone disrupts quorum sensing‐regulated gene expression in Vibrio harveyi by decreasing the DNA‐binding activity of the transcriptional regulator protein luxR - Tom Defoirdt; Carol M. Miyamoto; Thomas K. Wood; Edward A. Meighen; Patrick Sorgeloos; Willy Verstraete; Peter Bossier (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary This study aimed at getting a deeper insight in the molecular mechanism by which the natural furanone ( 5Z )‐4‐bromo‐5‐(bromomethylene)‐3‐butyl‐2( 5H )‐furanone disrupts quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi . Bioluminescence experiments with signal molecule receptor double mutants revealed that the furanone blocks all three channels of the V. harveyi quorum sensing system. In further experiments using mutants with mutations in the quorum sensing signal transduction pathway, the compound was found to block quorum sensing‐regulated bioluminescence by interacting with a component located downstream of the Hfq protein. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction with specific primers showed that there was no effect of the furanone on luxR Vh mRNA levels in wild‐type V. harveyi cells. In contrast, mobility shift assays showed that in the presence of the furanone, significantly lower levels of the LuxR Vh response regulator protein were able to bind to its target promoter sequences in wild‐type V. harveyi . Finally, tests with purified LuxR Vh protein also showed less shifts with furanone‐treated LuxR Vh , whereas the LuxR Vh concentration was found not to be altered by the furanone (as determined by SDS‐PAGE). Therefore, our data indicate that the furanone blocks quorum sensing in V. harveyi by rendering the quorum sensing master regulator protein LuxR Vh unable to bind to the promoter sequences of quorum sensing‐regulated genes.

Effects of atmospheric dynamics and ocean resolution on bi-stability of the thermohaline circulation examined using the Grid ENabled Integrated Earth system modelling (GENIE) framework - T. M. Lenton; R. Marsh; A. R. Price; D. J. Lunt; Y. Aksenov; J. D. Annan; T. Cooper-Chadwick; S. J. Cox; N. R. Edwards; S. Goswami; J. C. Hargreaves; P. P. Harris; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2007)

Characterization of 21 microsatellite marker loci in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) - John R. Zaonarivelo; Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana; Gary E. Shore; Shannon E. Engberg; Susie M. McGuire; Edward E. Louis; Rick A. Brenneman (Conservation Genetics, 2007)

Asymmetric larval competition in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis: a role in sex allocation? - Edward M. Sykes; Tabitha M. Innocent; Ido Pen; David M. Shuker; Stuart A. West (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2007)

Evidence for a male-produced pheromone in Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) - Peter J. Silk; Jon Sweeney; Junping Wu; Jessica Price; Jerzy M. Gutowski; Edward G. Kettela (The Science of Nature, 2007)

Poster abstracts - J. Ferrie; M. Shipley; F. Cappuccio; E. Brunner; M. Miller; M. Kumari; M. Marmot; A. Coenen; J. L. Castillo; F. Araya; G. Bustamante; L. Montecino; et al. (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2007)

Characterization of ten microsatellite marker loci in the Komodo Monitor (Varanus komodoensis) - Rick A. Brenneman; Robert C. Barber; Ryan M. Huebinger; Julie A. Sommer; Edward E. Louis (Conservation Genetics, 2007)

Riverbeds demarcate distinct conservation units of the radiated tortoise (Geochelone radiata) in southern Madagascar - Sébastien Rioux Paquette; Sandra M. Behncke; Susan H. O’Brien; Rick A. Brenneman; Edward E. Louis; François-Joseph Lapointe (Conservation Genetics, 2007)

Exploration of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: a concept paper on the development, organisation and execution of an experiment to explore, measure and sample the environment of a West Antarctic subglacial lake - M.J. Siegert; A. Behar; M. Bentley; D. Blake; S. Bowden; P. Christoffersen; C. Cockell; H. Corr; D. C. Cullen; H. Edwards; A. Ellery; C. Ellis-Evans; et al. (Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2007)

A note on the top-down and bottom-up gradient functions over a forested site - Weiguo Wang; Kenneth J. Davis; Chuixiang Yi; Edward G. Patton; Martha P. Butler; Daniel M. Ricciuto; Peter S. Bakwin (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2007)

Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene - Robert D. Ward; Shannon W. Davis; MinChul Cho; Constance Esposito; Robert H. Lyons; Jan-Fang Cheng; Edward M. Rubin; Simon J. Rhodes; Lori T. Raetzman; Timothy P. L. Smith; Sally A. Camper (Mammalian Genome, 2007)

Stage-structured cycles generate strong fitness-equalizing mechanisms - William A. Nelson; Edward McCauley; Roger M. Nisbet (Evolutionary Ecology, 2007)

Improved drought tolerance of transgenic Zea mays plants that express the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdhA) of E. coli - David A. Lightfoot; Rajsree Mungur; Rafiqa Ameziane; Scott Nolte; Lynn Long; Karen Bernhard; Andrew Colter; Karen Jones; M. J. Iqbal; Edward Varsa; Brian Young (Euphytica, 2007)

Chemical and mineralogical heterogeneity in the basal zone of the Partridge River Intrusion: implications for the origin of Cu–Ni sulfide mineralization in the Duluth Complex, midcontinent rift system - Edward M. Ripley; Nur Iskandar Taib; Chusi Li; Craig H. Moore (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2007)

Relationships between desert dunes during the late Quaternary in the Lake Frome region, Strzelecki Desert, Australia - Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons; James M. Bowler; Edward J. Rhodes; John M. Magee (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2007)
Transverse and linear dunes near the ephemeral Lake Frome in the Strzelecki Desert of Australia provide evidence for a genetic geomorphic relationship between desert dune types. Transverse dunes, overlying palaeoshorelines, lie upwind from linear dunes. The sedimentology of both dune types is similar, suggesting reworking or downwind transport of the same source material over time. Clay pellets from several horizons within the linear and transverse dunes provide evidence for fluctuating water tables and high evaporation rates during those periods of aeolian activity, along with salt influx associated with the deflation of Lake Frome. We conclude that the nature and initiation of dune activity is controlled not only by aridity, but by local hydrology. OSL ages from both transverse and linear dunes indicate aeolian activity at 66–57 ka and 22–11 ka. Transverse dune building took place around 106–111 ka. Linear dune activity initiated at least 66 ka ago, with reactivation around 43–28 ka, followed by pedogenesis in response to humid conditions. Widespread dune reactivation from around 22 ka correlates broadly with the Last Glacial Maximum and late glacial period, consistent with evidence of cold, arid conditions and dune activity in Australia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Isotope analysis as a natural reaction probe to determine mechanisms of biodegradation of 1,2‐dichloroethane - Sarah K. Hirschorn; M. Joyce Dinglasan‐Panlilio; Elizabeth A. Edwards; Georges Lacrampe‐Couloume; Barbara Sherwood Lollar (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary 1,2‐Dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA), a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon, is a well‐known groundwater contaminant. In this study, fractionation of stable carbon isotope values of 1,2‐DCA during biodegradation was used as a novel reaction probe to provide information about the mechanism of 1,2‐DCA biodegradation under both aerobic (O 2 ‐reducing) and anaerobic (NO 3 ‐reducing) conditions. Under O 2 ‐reducing conditions, an isotopic enrichment value ( ε ) of −25.8 ± 1.1‰ (±95% confidence intervals) was measured for the enrichment culture. Under NO 3 ‐reducing conditions, an ε ‐value of −25.8 ± 3.5‰ was measured. The microbial culture produced isotopic enrichment values ( ε ) that are not only large and reproducible, but also are the same whether O 2 or NO 3 was used as an electron acceptor. Combining data measured under both O 2 ‐ and NO 3 ‐reducing conditions, an isotopic enrichment value ( ε ) of −25.8 ± 1.6‰ is measured for the microbial culture during 1,2‐DCA degradation. The ε ‐value can be converted into a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value to relate the observed isotopic fractionation to the mechanism of degradation. This KIE value (1.05) is consistent with degradation via hydrolytic dehalogenation under both electron‐accepting conditions. This study demonstrates the added value of compound‐specific isotope analysis not only as a technique to verify the occurrence and extent of biodegradation in the field, but also as a natural reaction probe to provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism of contaminant degradation.

Copper entry into human cells: progress and unanswered questions - Edward B. Maryon; Shannon A. Molloy; Adriana M. Zimnicka; Jack H. Kaplan (BioMetals, 2007)

AAPS-FDA Workshop White Paper: Microdialysis Principles, Application and Regulatory Perspectives - Chandra S. Chaurasia; Markus Müller; Edward D. Bashaw; Eva Benfeldt; Jan Bolinder; Ross Bullock; Peter M. Bungay; Elizabeth C. M. DeLange; Hartmut Derendorf; William F. Elmquist; Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes; Christian Joukhadar; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2007)

Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre - Tracy J. Mincer; Matthew J. Church; Lance Trent Taylor; Christina Preston; David M. Karl; Edward F. DeLong (Environmental Microbiology, 2007)
Summary The recent isolation of the ammonia‐oxidizing crenarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus has expanded the known phylogenetic distribution of nitrifying phenotypes beyond the domain Bacteria . To further characterize nitrification in the marine environment and explore the potential crenarchaeal contribution to this process, we quantified putative nitrifying genes and phylotypes in picoplankton genomic libraries and environmental DNA samples from coastal and open ocean habitats. Betaproteobacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A ( amoA ) gene copy numbers were low or undetectable, in stark contrast to crenarchaeal amoA‐ like genes that were broadly distributed and reached up to 6 × 10 4 copies ml −1 . Unexpectedly, in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a deeply branching crenarchaeal group related to a hot spring clade (pSL12) was at times abundant below the euphotic zone. Quantitative data suggested that the pSL12 relatives also contain archaeal amoA ‐like genes. In both coastal and open ocean habitats, close relatives of known nitrite‐oxidizing Nitrospina species were well represented in genomic DNA libraries and quantitative PCR profiles. Planktonic Nitrospina depth distributions correlated with those of Crenarchaea . Overall, the data suggest that amoA ‐containing Crenarchaea are more phylogenetically diverse than previously reported. Additionally, distributional patterns of planktonic Crenarchaea and Nitrospina species suggest potential metabolic interactions between these groups in the ocean's water column.

Delaying forelimb responses by microstimulation of macaque V1 - Edward J. Tehovnik; Warren M. Slocum (Experimental Brain Research, 2007)

Through the genetic bottleneck: O. rufipogon as a source of trait-enhancing alleles for O. sativa - Susan R. McCouch; Megan Sweeney; Jiming Li; Hui Jiang; Michael Thomson; Endang Septiningsih; Jeremy Edwards; Pilar Moncada; Jinhua Xiao; Amanda Garris; Tom Tai; Cesar Martinez; et al. (Euphytica, 2007)

AAPS-FDA workshop white paper: Microdialysis principles, application, and regulatory perspectives report from the Joint AAPS-FDA Workshop, November 4–5, 2005, Nashville, TN - Chandra S. Chaurasia; Markus Müller; Edward D. Bashaw; Eva Benfeldt; Jan Bolinder; Ross Bullock; Peter M. Bungay; Elizabeth C. M. DeLange; Hartmut Derendorf; William F. Elmquist; Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes; Christian Joukhadar; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2007)

Complexation of oxoanions and cationic metals by the biscatecholate siderophore azotochelin - Jean-Philippe Bellenger; Françoise Arnaud-Neu; Zouhair Asfari; Satish C. B. Myneni; Edward I. Stiefel; Anne M. L. Kraepiel (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2007)

Petrogenesis of the Pt–Pd mineralized Jinbaoshan ultramafic intrusion in the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China - Yan Tao; Chusi Li; Ruizhong Hu; Edward M. Ripley; Andao Du; Hong Zhong (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2007)

Bioenergy potentials from forestry in 2050 - Edward M. W. Smeets; André P. C. Faaij (Climatic Change, 2007)

Quality of race, Hispanic ethnicity, and immigrant status in population-based cancer registry data: implications for health disparity studies - Limin X. Clegg; Marsha E. Reichman; Benjamin F. Hankey; Barry A. Miller; Yi D. Lin; Norman J. Johnson; Stephen M. Schwartz; Leslie Bernstein; Vivien W. Chen; Marc T. Goodman; Scarlett L. Gomez; John J. Graff; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research - Shannon G. Matta; David J. Balfour; Neal L. Benowitz; R. Thomas Boyd; Jerry J. Buccafusco; Anthony R. Caggiula; Caroline R. Craig; Allan C. Collins; M. Imad Damaj; Eric C. Donny; Phillip S. Gardiner; Sharon R. Grady; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Phylogeny of Bonatea (Orchidaceae: Habenariinae) based on molecular and morphological data - M. E. Ponsie; A. Mitchell; T. J. Edwards; S. D. Johnson (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2007)

Evolutionary genetics of Carpodacus mexicanus, a recently colonized host of a bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum - Christopher M. Hess; Zhenshan Wang; Scott V. Edwards (Genetica, 2007)

Improving Data Reliability Using a Non-Compliance Detection Method versus Using Pharmacokinetic Criteria - Smita A. Kshirsagar; Terrence F. Blaschke; Lewis B. Sheiner; M. Krygowski; Edward P. Acosta; Davide Verotta (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2007)

Microstimulation of V1 delays visually guided saccades: a parametric evaluation of delay fields - Edward J. Tehovnik; Warren M. Slocum (Experimental Brain Research, 2007)

Auxin and root initiation in somatic embryos of Arabidopsis - Burgund M. Bassuner; Russell Lam; Wolfgang Lukowitz; Edward C. Yeung (Plant Cell Reports, 2006)

Redressing cultural erosion and ecological decline in a far North Queensland aboriginal community (Australia): the Aurukun ethnobiology database project - S. E. Edwards; M. Heinrich (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2006)

Breeding system of a plesiomorphic floral type: an investigation of small flowered Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae) species - M. Hughes; G. MacMaster; M. Möller; D. U. Bellstedt; T. J. Edwards (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2006)

An eddy covariance mesonet to measure the effect of forest age on land–atmosphere exchange - MICHAEL L. GOULDEN; GREGORY C. WINSTON; ANDREW M. S. McMILLAN; MARCY E. LITVAK; EDWARD L. READ; ADRIAN V. ROCHA; J. ROB ELLIOT (Global Change Biology, 2006)
We deployed a mesonet of year‐round eddy covariance towers in boreal forest stands that last burned in ∼1850, ∼1930, 1964, 1981, 1989, 1998, and 2003 to understand how CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration change during secondary succession. We used MODIS imagery to establish that the tower sites were representative of the patterns of secondary succession in the region, and Landsat images to show that the individual stands have changed over the last 22 years in ways that match the spatially derived trends. The eddy covariance towers were well matched, with similar equipment and programs, which maximized site‐to‐site precision and allowed us to operate the network in an efficient manner. The six oldest sites were fully operational for ∼90% of the growing season and ∼70% of the dormant season from 2001 or 2002 to 2004, with most of the missing data caused by low battery charge or bad signals from the sonic anemometers. The rates of midday growing‐season CO 2 uptake recovered to preburn levels within 4 years of fire. The seasonality of land–atmosphere exchange and growing‐season length changed markedly with stand age. The foliage in the younger stands (1989, 1998, and 2003 burns) was almost entirely deciduous, which resulted in comparatively short growing seasons that lasted ∼65 days. In contrast, the older stands (1850, 1930, 1964, and 1981) were mostly evergreen, which resulted in comparatively long growing seasons that lasted ∼130 days. The eddy covariance mesonet approach we describe could be used within the context of other ecological experimental designs such as controlled manipulations and gradient comparisons.

Temperature‐independent diel variation in soil respiration observed from a temperate deciduous forest - Q. LIU; N. T. EDWARDS; W. M. POST; L. GU; J. LEDFORD; S. LENHART (Global Change Biology, 2006)
The response of soil respiration ( R s ) to temperature depends largely on the temporal and spatial scales of interest and how other environmental factors interact with this response. They are often represented by empirical exponential equations in many ecosystem analyses because of the difficulties in separating covarying environmental responses and in observing below ground processes. The objective of this study was to quantify a soil temperature‐independent component in R s by examining the diel variation of an R s time series measured in a temperate deciduous forest located at Oak Ridge, TN, USA between March and December 2003. By fitting 2 hourly, continuous automatic chamber measurements of CO 2 efflux at the soil surface to a Q 10 function to obtain the temperature‐dependent respiration ( R t ) and plotting the diel cycles of R t , R s , and their difference ( R i ), we found that an obvious temperature‐independent component exists in R s during the growing season. The diel cycle of this component has a distinct day/night pattern and agrees well with diel variations in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and air temperature. Elevated canopy CO 2 concentration resulted in similar patterns in the diel cycle of the temperature‐independent component but with different daily average rates in different stages of growing season. We speculate that photosynthesis of the stand is one of the main contributors to this temperature‐independent respiration component although more experiments are needed to draw a firm conclusion. We also found that despite its relatively small magnitude compared with the temperature‐dependent component, the diel variation in the temperature‐independent component can lead to significantly different estimates of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the study forest. As a result, the common practice of using fitted temperature‐dependent function from night‐time measurements to extrapolate soil respiration during the daytime may underestimate daytime soil respiration.

Millennia‐long tree‐ring records from Tasmania and New Zealand: a basis for modelling climate variability and forcing, past, present and future - Edward R. Cook; Brendan M. Buckley; Jonathan G. Palmer; Pavla Fenwick; Michael J. Peterson; Gretel Boswijk; Anthony Fowler (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2006)
Progress in the development of millennia‐long tree‐ring chronologies from Australia and New Zealand is reviewed from the perspective of modelling long‐term climate variability there. Three tree species have proved successful in this regard: Huon pine ( Lagarostrobos franklinii ) from Tasmania, silver pine ( L. colensoi ) from the South Island of New Zealand, and kauri ( Agathis australis ) from the North Island of New Zealand. Each of these species is very long‐lived and produces abundant quantities of well‐preserved wood for extending their tree‐ring chronologies back several millennia into the past. The growth patterns on these chronologies strongly correlate with both local and regional warm‐season temperature changes over significant areas of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Huon and silver pine) and to ENSO variability emanating from the equatorial Pacific region (especially kauri). In addition, there is evidence for significant, band‐limited, multi‐decadal and centennial timescale variability in the warm‐season temperature reconstruction based on Huon pine tree rings that may be related to slowly varying changes in ocean circulation dynamics in the southern Indian Ocean. This suggests the possibility of long‐term climate predictability there. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A reassessment of the mating system characteristics of the army ant Eciton burchellii - Daniel J. C. Kronauer; Stefanie M. Berghoff; Scott Powell; A. Jay Denny; Keith J. Edwards; Nigel R. Franks; Jacobus J. Boomsma (The Science of Nature, 2006)

Temporal and spatial appearance of wall polysaccharides during cellularization of barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm - Sarah M. Wilson; Rachel A. Burton; Monika S. Doblin; Bruce A. Stone; Edward J. Newbigin; Geoffrey B. Fincher; Antony Bacic (Planta, 2006)

Movement patterns of the limpet Cellana grata (Gould) observed over a continuous period through a changing tidal regime - Mark S. Davies; M. Edwards; Gray A. Williams (Marine Biology, 2006)

Characterization of the novel CYP2A6*21 allele using in vivo nicotine kinetics - Nael Al Koudsi; Jill C. Mwenifumbo; Edward M. Sellers; Neal L. Benowitz; Gary E. Swan; Rachel F. Tyndale (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2006)

Millennial timescale carbon cycle and climate change in an efficient Earth system model - T. M. Lenton; M. S. Williamson; N. R. Edwards; R. Marsh; A. R. Price; A. J. Ridgwell; J. G. Shepherd; S. J. Cox (Climate Dynamics, 2006)

Assembling a mutualism: ant symbionts locate their host plants by detecting volatile chemicals - D. P. Edwards; M. Hassall; W. J. Sutherland; D. W. Yu (Insectes Sociaux, 2006)

Physiological and Reproductive Effects of Beta Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists in Daphnia magna - Edward M. Dzialowski; Philip K. Turner; Bryan W. Brooks (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2006)

Reinvestigation of the method used to map the electronic structure of blue copper proteins by NMR relaxation - D. Flemming Hansen; Serge I. Gorelsky; Ritimukta Sarangi; Keith O. Hodgson; Britt Hedman; Hans E. M. Christensen; Edward I. Solomon; Jens J. Led (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2006)

Relationship of intertidal surface sediment chlorophyll concentration to hyperspectral reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence - Jacco C. Kromkamp; Edward P. Morris; Rodney M. Forster; Claire Honeywill; Scott Hagerthey; David M. Paterson (Estuaries and Coasts, 2006)

Trans-Endplate Nucleotomy Increases Deformation and Creep Response in Axial Loading - Wade Johannessen; Jordan M. Cloyd; Grace D. O'Connell; Edward J. Vresilovic; Dawn M. Elliott (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2006)

Freshwater food webs control carbon dioxide saturation through sedimentation - KYLA M. FLANAGAN; EDWARD MCCAULEY; FREDERICK WRONA (Global Change Biology, 2006)
Carbon cycling in lakes has been studied both in terms of the magnitude and global significance of carbon released to the atmosphere and carbon stored in the sediments. Interestingly, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies examining whether instantaneous measures of carbon flux are directly related to how much carbon is being drawn down to the sediments. Here, we show that the saturation of CO 2 in the water column is negatively related to the sedimentation rate. We, therefore, suggest that sedimentation should be explicitly considered as a factor directly controlling CO 2 flux from freshwaters. Furthermore, we show that food webs and nutrients can alter CO 2 flux by changing sedimentation. Oceanographers have long recognized the interaction between biota and sedimentation in the carbon dynamics of the ocean, a mechanism referred to as the biological pump. Our experiments rigorously test sedimentation and food web structure as factors controlling CO 2 saturation and suggest a common framework for freshwater and marine systems.

Remote detection of water property changes from a time series of oceanographic data - A. Henry-Edwards; M. Tomczak (Ocean Science, 2006)
A water mass analysis method based on a constrained minimization technique is developed to derive water property changes in water mass formation regions from oceanographic station data taken at significant distance from the formation regions. The method is tested with two synthetic data sets, designed to mirror conditions in the North Atlantic at the Bermuda BATS time series station. The method requires careful definition of constraints before it produces reliable results. It is shown that an analysis of the error fields under different constraint assumptions can identify which properties vary most over the period of the observations. The method reproduces the synthetic data sets extremely well if all properties other than those that are identified as undergoing significant variations are held constant during the minimization.

Detecting changes in Labrador Sea Water through a water mass analysis of BATS data - A. Henry-Edwards; M. Tomczak (Ocean Science, 2006)
A new water mass analysis technique is used to analyse the BATS oceanographic data set in the Sargasso Sea of 1988–1998 for changes in Labrador Sea Water (LSW) properties. The technique is based on a sequential quadratic programming method and requires careful definition of constraints to produce reliable results. Variations in LSW temperature and salinity observed in the Labrador Sea are used to define the constraints. It is shown that to minimize the residuals while matching the observed temperature and salinity changes in the source region the nitrate concentration in the Labrador Sea has to be allowed to vary as well. It is concluded that during the period of investigation nitrate underwent significant variations in the Labrador Sea.

Nickel hyperaccumulation by Streptanthus polygaloides protects against the folivore Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) - Edward M. Jhee; Robert S. Boyd; Micky D. Eubanks; Micheal A. Davis (Plant Ecology, 2006)

Genetic Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer: Prostate-specific Antigen and its Interaction with the Androgen Receptor (United States) - Weiva Sieh; Karen L. Edwards; Annette L. Fitzpatrick; Sengkeo L. Srinouanprachanh; Fred M. Farin; Stephanie A. Monks; Richard A. Kronmal; David L. Eaton (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Diet After Diagnosis and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression, Recurrence, and Death (United States) - June M. Chan; Crystal N. Holick; Michael F. Leitzmann; Eric B. Rimm; Walter C. Willett; Meir J. Stampfer; Edward L. Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Two-locus genome-wide linkage scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes with an interaction effect - Bao-Li Chang; Ethan M. Lange; Latchezar Dimitrov; Christopher J. Valis; Elizabeth M. Gillanders; Leslie A. Lange; Kathleen E. Wiley; Sarah D. Isaacs; Fredrik Wiklund; Agnes Baffoe-Bonnie; Carl D Langefeld; S. Lilly Zheng; et al. (Human Genetics, 2006)

Transgenic Plants for Insect Pest Control: A Forward Looking Scientific Perspective - N. Ferry; M. G. Edwards; J. Gatehouse; T. Capell; P. Christou; A. M. R. Gatehouse (Transgenic Research, 2006)

Effectiveness of Metal–Metal and Metal–Organic Compound Combinations Against Plutella xylostella: Implications for Plant Elemental Defense - Edward M. Jhee; Robert S. Boyd; Micky D. Eubanks (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2006)

Phosphodiesterase inhibition by sildenafil citrate attenuates a maze learning impairment in rats induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition - Bryan D. Devan; Jonna L. Bowker; Kara B. Duffy; Ila S. Bharati; Mariana Jimenez; Demetrio Sierra-Mercado; Christopher M. Nelson; Edward L. Spangler; Donald K. Ingram (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

(−)-Menthol biosynthesis and molecular genetics - Rodney B. Croteau; Edward M. Davis; Kerry L. Ringer; Mark R. Wildung (The Science of Nature, 2005)

The effects of 24 weeks of moderate- or high-intensity exercise on insulin resistance - Gary O’Donovan; Edward M. Kearney; Alan M. Nevill; Kate Woolf-May; Steve R. Bird (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005)

Spatial Extent Of Degraded Sediment Quality In Puget Sound (Washington State, U.S.A.) Based Upon Measures Of The Sediment Quality Triad - Edward R. Long; Margaret Dutch; Sandra Aasen; Kathy Welch; M. Jawed Hameedi (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2005)

Refugia, dispersal and divergence in a forest archipelago: a study of Streptocarpus in eastern South Africa - M. HUGHES; M. MÖLLER; D. U. BELLSTEDT; T. J. EDWARDS; M. DE VILLIERS (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
We describe a scenario of plant speciation across a relict forest archipelago in South Africa involving Pleistocene habitat expansion‐contraction cycles, dispersal and adaptation to lower temperatures. This is the first population level study using molecular data in South African forests and has significant implications for conservation efforts in this area. Populations of the mesophytic forest floor herbs Streptocarpus primulifolius sensu lato and Streptocarpus rexii were sampled throughout their range in the naturally fragmented forests of eastern South Africa in order to investigate population genetic and phylogenetic patterns within the species complex, using nuclear microsatellites, nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences and chloroplast genome sequences. S . primulifolius harbours high levels of genetic diversity at both the nuclear (mean H E = 0.50) and the chloroplast level (each population fixed for a unique haplotype). This is consistent with populations of these coastal species being Pleistocene relicts. In contrast, populations of S . rexii in cooler habitats at higher altitudes and lower latitudes harbour little or no nuclear genetic diversity (mean H E = 0.09) and most share a common chloroplast haplotype. The split of S . rexii from populations intermediate between the two species ( S . cf. primulifolius ) occurred between 0 and 0.44 million years ago according to the calibrated ITS phylogeny of the taxa. The low genetic diversity and homogeneity of S . rexii is congruent with this species having reached its current range during the Holocene. We found no evidence of monophyly of any of the taxa in this study, which we consider a consequence of recent evolution in a fragmented habitat.

Case Study Part 2: Probabilistic Modelling of Long-term Effects of Pesticides on Individual Breeding Success in Birds and Mammals - W. ROELOFS; D.R. CROCKER; R.F. SHORE; D.R.J. MOORE; G.C. SMITH; H.R. AKCAKAYA; R.S. BENNETT; P.F. CHAPMAN; M. CLOOK; M. CRANE; I.C. DEWHURST; P.J. EDWARDS; et al. (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

Case Study Part 1: How to Calculate Appropriate Deterministic Long-Term Toxicity to Exposure Ratios (TERs) for Birds and Mammals - R.F. SHORE; D.R. CROCKER; H.R. AKCAKAYA; R.S. BENNETT; P.F. CHAPMAN; M. CLOOK; M. CRANE; I.C. DEWHURST; P.J. EDWARDS; A. FAIRBROTHER; S. FERSON; D. FISCHER; et al. (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

Symmetry Solutions for Transient Solute Transport in Unsaturated Soils with Realistic Water Profile - R. J. Moitsheki; P. Broadbridge; M. P. Edwards (Transport in Porous Media, 2005)

Sequence evolution and sex-specific expression patterns of the C class floral identity gene, SpAGAMOUS, in dioecious Spinacia oleracea L - D. Noah. Sather; Amber York; Kevin J. Pobursky; Edward M. Golenberg (Planta, 2005)

Evaluating Wolf Translocation as a Nonlethal Method to Reduce Livestock Conflicts in the Northwestern United States - ELIZABETH H. BRADLEY; DANIEL H. PLETSCHER; EDWARD E. BANGS; KYRAN E. KUNKEL; DOUGLAS W. SMITH; CURT M. MACK; THOMAS J. MEIER; JOSEPH A. FONTAINE; CARTER C. NIEMEYER; MICHAEL D. JIMENEZ (Conservation Biology, 2005)
Successful nonlethal management of livestock predation is important for conserving rare or endangered carnivores. In the northwestern United States, wolves ( Canis lupus ) have been translocated away from livestock to mitigate conflicts while promoting wolf restoration. We assessed predation on livestock, pack establishment, survival, and homing behavior of 88 translocated wolves with radiotelemetry to determine the effectiveness of translocation in our region and consider how it may be improved. More than one‐quarter of translocated wolves preyed on livestock after release. Most translocated wolves (67%) never established or joined a pack, although eight new packs resulted from translocations. Translocated wolves had lower annual survival (0.60) than other radio‐collared wolves (0.73), with government removal the primary source of mortality. In northwestern Montana, where most wolves have settled in human‐populated areas with livestock, survival of translocated wolves was lowest (0.41) and more wolves proportionally failed to establish packs (83%) after release. Annual survival of translocated wolves was highest in central Idaho (0.71) and more wolves proportionally established packs (44%) there than in the other two recovery areas. Translocated wolves showed a strong homing tendency; most of those that failed to home still showed directional movement toward capture sites. Wolves that successfully returned to capture sites were more likely to be adults, hard (immediately) rather than soft (temporarily held in enclosure) released, and translocated shorter distances than other wolves that did not return home. Success of translocations varied and was most affected by the area in which wolves were released. We suggest managers translocating wolves or other large carnivores consider soft releasing individuals (in family groups, if social) when feasible because this may decrease homing behavior and increase release‐site fidelity.

Bat response to Carolina bays and wetland restoration in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain - Jennifer M. Menzel; Michael A. Menzel; John C. Kilgo; W. Mark Ford; John W. Edwards (Wetlands, 2005)

Deficits in grasp versus reach during acute hemiparesis - Catherine E. Lang; Joanne M. Wagner; Amy J. Bastian; Qingli Hu; Dorothy F. Edwards; Shirley A. Sahrmann; Alexander W. Dromerick (Experimental Brain Research, 2005)

Microstimulation of V1 affects the detection of visual targets: manipulation of target contrast - Edward J. Tehovnik; Warren M. Slocum (Experimental Brain Research, 2005)

Mental maze solving: directional fMRI tuning and population coding in the superior parietal lobule - Pavlos Gourtzelidis; Charidimos Tzagarakis; Scott M. Lewis; David A. Crowe; Edward Auerbach; Trenton A. Jerde; Kâmil Uğurbil; Apostolos P. Georgopoulos (Experimental Brain Research, 2005)

Lateralised processing of the internal and the external facial features of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces: a visual half-field study - Edward H. F. De Haan; Evelien N. M. van Kollenburg (Cognitive Processing, 2005)

Development of baroreflex and endocrine responses to hypotensive stress in newborn foals and lambs - S. J. O’Connor; D. S. Gardner; J. C. Ousey; N. Holdstock; P. Rossdale; C. M. B. Edwards; A. L. Fowden; D. A. Giussani (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2005)

Monomorphic subtelomeric DNA in the filamentous fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae,contains a RecQ helicase-like gene - Peter W. Inglis; Daniel J. Rigden; Luciane V. Mello; Edward J. Louis; M. Cléria. Valadares-Inglis (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2005)

Origin of phlogopite-orthopyroxene inclusions in chromites from the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa - Chusi Li; Edward M. Ripley; Arindam Sarkar; Dongbok Shin; Wolfgang D. Maier (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2005)

Angiotensin IV enhances phosphorylation of 4EBP1 by multiple signaling events in lung endothelial cells - Jianghua Lu; Jianalian Zhang; Edward R. Block; Jawaharlal M. Patel (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2005)

Development of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes to the Senecio floral transcriptome during hybrid speciation - MATTHEW J. HEGARTY; JOANNA M. JONES; IAN D. WILSON; GARY L. BARKER; JANE A. COGHILL; PATRICIA SANCHEZ‐BARACALDO; GUOQING LIU; RICHARD J. A. BUGGS; RICHARD J. ABBOTT; KEITH J. EDWARDS; SIMON J. HISCOCK (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
Interspecific hybridization is an important process through which abrupt speciation can occur. In recent years, genetic changes associated with hybrid speciation have been identified through a variety of techniques, including AFLP/SSR mapping, GISH/FISH and cDNA‐AFLP differential display. However, progress in using microarray technology to analyse whole genome/transcriptome changes associated with hybrid speciation has been limited due to the lack of extensive sequence data for many hybrid species and the difficulties in extrapolating results from commercially available microarrays for model species onto nonmodel hybrid taxa. Increasingly therefore researchers studying nonmodel systems are turning to the development of ‘anonymous’ cDNA microarrays, where the time and cost of producing microarrays is reduced by printing unsequenced cDNA clones, and sequencing only those clones that display interesting expression patterns. Here we describe the creation, testing and preliminary use of anonymous cDNA microarrays to study changes in floral transcriptome associated with allopolyploid speciation in the genus Senecio. We report a comparison of gene expression between the allohexaploid hybrid, Senecio cambrensis , its parental taxa Senecio squalidus (diploid) and Senecio vulgaris (tetraploid), and the intermediate triploid (sterile) hybrid Senecio × baxteri . Anonymous microarray analysis revealed dramatic differences in floral gene expression between these four taxa and demonstrates the power of this technique for studies of the genetic impact of hybridization in nonmodel flowering plants.

Predominance and association of pathogenic fungi causing Fusarium ear blightin wheat in four European countries - X. -M. Xu; D. W. Parry; P. Nicholson; M. A. Thomsett; D. Simpson; S. G. Edwards; B. M. Cooke; F. M. Doohan; J. M. Brennan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2005)

Wildlife Loss through Domestication: the Case of Endangered Key Deer - M. NILS PETERSON; ROEL R. LOPEZ; EDWARD J. LAURENT; PHILIP A. FRANK; NOVA J. SILVY; JIANGUO LIU (Conservation Biology, 2005)
Wildlife extinction represents the ultimate failure of wildlife conservation. It has many causes, some of them natural, but is increasingly tied to anthropogenic factors. Wildlife loss via domestication, however, is rarely considered. We evaluated the potential for inadvertent domestication of wildlife by determining the effect of feeding and watering on Key deer ( Odocoileus virginianus clavium ) density, group size, and distribution. Key deer sightings were significantly higher in areas (42 ha) surrounding the households that provided food and water (0.18 deer/m; n = 8 ) than in randomly selected areas (0.03 deer/m; t = 3.82, 14 df, p = 0.002 ). Average distance to a household providing food and water decreased logistically as group size increased, and large groups (>2 individuals each) were observed more frequently in areas where food and water were provided (27.5%) than in the randomly selected areas (7.5%). The incidence of large groups outside feeding areas (7.5%), however, was similar to the incidence of large groups during early urbanization (5.1%; 1968–1973). Our results suggest illegal feeding caused changes in density, group size, and distribution indicative of domestication. Because fresh water and food were primary selective pressures for Key deer before illegal feeding and watering, genetic changes may occur in the future. For those who value “wildness” in wildlife, domestication of wildlife species is a serious problem that must be addressed.

Delayed recovery of giant kelp near its southern range limit in the North Pacific following El Niño - M. S. Edwards; G. Hernández-Carmona (Marine Biology, 2005)

Beringia as a glacial refugium for boreal trees and shrubs: new perspectives from mapped pollen data - Linda B. Brubaker; Patricia M. Anderson; Mary E. Edwards; Anatoly V. Lozhkin (Journal of Biogeography, 2005)
Aim Beringia, far north‐eastern Siberia and north‐western North America, was largely unglaciated during the Pleistocene. Although this region has long been considered an ice‐age refugium for arctic herbs and shrubs, little is known about its role as a refugium for boreal trees and shrubs during the last glacial maximum (LGM, c . 28,000–15,000 calibrated years before present). We examine mapped patterns of pollen percentages to infer whether six boreal tree and shrub taxa ( Populus , Larix , Picea , Pinus , Betula , Alnus/Duschekia ) survived the harsh glacial conditions within Beringia. Methods Extensive networks of pollen records have the potential to reveal distinctive temporal–spatial patterns that discriminate between local‐ and long‐distance sources of pollen. We assembled pollen records for 149 lake, peat and alluvial sites from the Palaeoenvironmental Arctic Sciences database, plotting pollen percentages at 1000‐year time intervals from 21,000 to 6000 calibrated years before present. Pollen percentages are interpreted with an understanding of modern pollen representation and potential sources of long‐distance pollen during the glacial maximum. Inferences from pollen data are supplemented by published radiocarbon dates of identified macrofossils, where available. Results Pollen maps for individual taxa show unique temporal‐spatial patterns, but the data for each taxon argue more strongly for survival within Beringia than for immigration from outside regions. The first increase of Populus pollen percentages in the western Brooks Ranges is evidence that Populus trees survived the LGM in central Beringia. Both pollen and macrofossil evidence support Larix survival in western Beringia (WB), but data for Larix in eastern Beringia (EB) are unclear. Given the similar distances of WB and EB to glacial‐age boreal forests in temperate latitudes of Asia and North America, the widespread presence of Picea pollen in EB and Pinus pollen in WB indicates that Picea and Pinus survived within these respective regions. Betula pollen is broadly distributed but highly variable in glacial‐maximum samples, suggesting that Betula trees or shrubs survived in restricted populations throughout Beringia. Alnus/Duschekia percentages show complex patterns, but generally support a glacial refugium in WB. Main conclusions Our interpretations have several implications, including: (1) the rapid post‐glacial migration rate reported for Picea in western Canada may be over estimated, (2) the expansion of trees and shrubs within Beringia should have been nearly contemporaneous with climatic change, (3) boreal trees and shrubs are capable of surviving long periods in relatively small populations (at the lower limit of detection in pollen data) and (4) long‐distance migration may not have been the predominant mode of vegetation response to climatic change in Beringia.

Isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase is essential for viability of Caenorhabditis elegans - John Yochem; David H. Hall; Leslie R. Bell; Edward M. Hedgecock; Robert K. Herman (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2005)

DFNB48, a new nonsyndromic recessive deafness locus, maps to chromosome 15q23-q25.1 - Jamil Ahmad; Shaheen N. Khan; Shahid Y. Khan; Khushnooda Ramzan; Saima Riazuddin; Zubair M. Ahmed; Edward R. Wilcox; Thomas B. Friedman; Sheikh Riazuddin (Human Genetics, 2005)

Construction of a Festuca pratensis BAC library for map-based cloning in Festulolium substitution lines - Iain S. Donnison; Donal M. O’Sullivan; Ann Thomas; Peter Canter; Beverley Moore; Ian Armstead; Howard Thomas; Keith J. Edwards; Ian P. King (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005)

Nicotine physical dependence and tolerance in the mouse following chronic oral administration - Sheri D. Grabus; Billy R. Martin; Angela M. Batman; Rachel F. Tyndale; Edward Sellers; M. Imad Damaj (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Empirical equations to predict the sulfur content of mafic magmas at sulfide saturation and applications to magmatic sulfide deposits - Chusi Li; Edward M. Ripley (Mineralium Deposita, 2005)

Climate variability and campylobacter infection: an international study - R. Sari Kovats; Sally J. Edwards; Dominique Charron; John Cowden; Rennie M. D’Souza; Kristie L. Ebi; Charmaine Gauci; Peter Gerner-Smidt; Shakoor Hajat; Simon Hales; Gloria Hernández Pezzi; Bohumir Kriz; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2005)

Milk thistle and indinavir: a randomized controlled pharmacokinetics study and meta-analysis - Edward Mills; Kumanan Wilson; Mike Clarke; Brian Foster; Scott Walker; Beth Rachlis; Nick DeGroot; Victor M. Montori; Wayne Gold; Elizabeth Phillips; Stephen Myers; Keith Gallicano (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2005)

Characterization of photosynthetic electron transport in bundle sheath cells of maize. I. Ascorbate effectively stimulates cyclic electron flow around PSI - Boris Ivanov; Kozi Asada; David M. Kramer; Gerald Edwards (Planta, 2005)

Comparative genomic analysis reveals a distant liver enhancer upstream of the COUP-TFII gene - Nadine Baroukh; Nadav Ahituv; Jessie Chang; Malak Shoukry; Veena Afzal; Edward M. Rubin; Len A. Pennacchio (Mammalian Genome, 2005)

Knowing your nose better than your thumb: measures of over-grasp reveal that face-parts are special for grasping - M. G. Edwards; A. M. Wing; J. Stevens; G. W. Humphreys (Experimental Brain Research, 2005)

Genetic analysis and mapping of resistance to lettuce dieback: a soilborne disease caused by tombusviruses - Rebecca C. Grube; William M. Wintermantel; Paul Hand; Rami Aburomia; David A. C. Pink; Edward J. Ryder (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005)

Comparative Effects of Fibrates on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Hepatocytes - Thomayant Prueksaritanont; Karen M. Richards; Yue Qiu; Kristine Strong-Basalyga; Alisha Miller; Chunze Li; Roy Eisenhandler; Edward J. Carlini (Pharmaceutical Research, 2005)

NMI-1182, a gastro-protective cyclo-oxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donor - James L. Ellis; Michael E. Augustyniak; Edward D. Cochran; Richard A. Earl; David S. Garvey; Laura J. Gordon; David R. Janero; Subhash P. Khanapure; L. Gordon Letts; Terry L. Melim; Madhavi G. Murty; David J. Schwalb; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2005)

INHIBITION OF MICRO-RNA–INDUCED RNA SILENCING BY 2′-O-METHYL OLIGONUCLEOTIDES IN DROSOPHILA S2 CELLS - EDWARD M. BERGER; EDWARD B. DUBROVSKY; LARA APPLEBY; VERONICA DUBROVSKAYA (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

A new locus for nonsyndromic deafness DFNB49 maps to chromosome 5q12.3-q14.1 - Khushnooda Ramzan; Rehan S. Shaikh; Jamil Ahmad; Shaheen N. Khan; Saima Riazuddin; Zubair M. Ahmed; Thomas B. Friedman; Edward R. Wilcox; Sheikh Riazuddin (Human Genetics, 2005)

The role of the sympathetic nervous system and uncoupling proteins in the thermogenesis induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine - Edward M. Mills; Daniel E. Rusyniak; Jon E. Sprague (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2004)

Are gardens effective in butterfly conservation? A case study with the pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor - Jacqueline M. Levy; Edward F. Connor (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2004)

Bistability of the thermohaline circulation identified through comprehensive 2-parameter sweeps of an efficient climate model - R. Marsh; A. Yool; T. M. Lenton; M. Y. Gulamali; N. R. Edwards; J. G. Shepherd; M. Krznaric; S. Newhouse; S. J. Cox (Climate Dynamics, 2004)

Relationship between the incidences of ear and spikelet infection of Fusarium ear blight in wheat - X.-m. Xu; D.W. Parry; S.G. Edwards; B.M. Cooke; F.M. Doohan; A. Maanen; J.M. Brennan; S. Monaghan; A. Moretti; G. Tocco; G. Mule; L. Hornok; et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2004)

Single Particle Analysis: A new approach to solving the 3D structure of myosin filaments - Hind A. Al-Khayat; Edward P. Morris; John M. Squire (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2004)

Characterization of the dog Agouti gene and a nonagoutimutation in German Shepherd Dogs - Julie A. Kerns; J. Newton; Tom G. Berryere; Edward M. Rubin; Jan-Fang Cheng; Sheila M. Schmutz; Gregory S. Barsh (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

Oxygen uptake kinetics and maximal aerobic power are unaffected by inspiratory muscle training in healthy subjects where time to exhaustion is extended - A. M. Edwards; C. B. Cooke (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004)

Cataract Extraction and Risk of Breast Cancer - Shumin M. Zhang; Walter C. Willett; Frank B. Hu; Edward L. Giovannucci; JoAnn E. Manson; Graham A. Colditz; Susan E. Hankinson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

EMD 281014, a specific and potent 5HT2 antagonist in humans: a dose-finding PET study - David Mamo; Ewen Sedman; Joachim Tillner; Edward M. Sellers; Myroslava K. Romach; Shitij Kapur (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Mapping Ds insertions in barley using a sequence-based approach - L. D. Cooper; L. Marquez-Cedillo; J. Singh; A. K. Sturbaum; S. Zhang; V. Edwards; K. Johnson; A. Kleinhofs; S. Rangel; V. Carollo; P. Bregitzer; P. G. Lemaux; et al. (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2004)

Pedosedimentary development of part of a Late Quaternary loess‐palaeosol sequence in northwest Argentina - Rob A. Kemp; Matthew King; Philip Toms; Edward Derbyshire; José Manuel Sayago; Miriam M. Collantes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2004)
The field properties, magnetic susceptibility, particle size, calcium carbonate content, soil micromorphology and optical luminescence ages of the upper 6.1 m and lowermost 4.7 m of the 45 m loess–palaeosol sequence at El Lambedero in the Tafí del Valle region of Tucumán Province (Sierras Pampeanas, northwest Argentina) have been used to set up a partial stratigraphy and chronology, as well as a basic pedosedimentary model of loess accumulation, palaeosol development, reworking and erosion for the site. The minimum ages derived from the basal part of the section suggest that loess began to accumulate some time before 165 ka. A thick and well‐developed pedocomplex in the upper profile is correlated with at least the latter part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, whereas the overlying palaeosol may be attributable to pedogenic activity during MIS 3. The absence of material younger than 33 ka close to the surface of this rounded spur landform is probably the result of either non‐deposition or erosional stripping in response to climatic change, or episodic uplift in this seismically active region. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Different SAR86 subgroups harbour divergent proteorhodopsins - Gazalah Sabehi; Oded Béjà; Marcelino T. Suzuki; Christina M. Preston; Edward F. DeLong (Environmental Microbiology, 2004)
Summary Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial photoactive proton pumps, were originally detected in the uncultured marine γ‐proteobacterial SAR86 group. PRs are now known to occur in both the γ and α marine proteobacterial lineages. Recent environmental shotgun sequence analysis in the Sargasso Sea has added yet more diversity, and a potentially broader taxonomic distribution, to the PR family. Much remains to be learned, however, about within‐taxon PR variability and the broader organismal distribution of different PR types. We report here genomic analyses of large genome fragments from different subgroups of the SAR86 lineage, recovered from naturally occurring bacterioplankton populations in coastal Red Sea and open ocean Pacific waters. Sequence comparisons were performed on large bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) bearing both rRNA and PR genes, derived from different SAR86 subgroups. Our analyses indicated the presence of different PR sequence types within the same SAR86 rRNA subgroup. The data suggested that the distribution of particular PR types does not necessarily parallel the phylogenetic relationship inferred from highly conserved genes such as rRNA. Further analyses of the genomic regions flanking PR also revealed a potential pathway for the biosynthesis of retinal, the PR chromophore that is required to generate the functionally active photoprotein. Finally, comparison of our results with recently reported Sargasso Sea environmental shotgun sequence assemblies demonstrated the utility of BAC clones for interpreting environmental shotgun sequence data, much of which is represented in short contigs that have an overall low depth of coverage.

Toxicological Evaluation and QSAR Modelling of Aromatic Amines to Chlorella vulgaris - T. I. Netzeva; J. C. Dearden; R. Edwards; A. D. P. Worgan; M. T. D. Cronin (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004)

Nitrogen Leaching and Denitrification in Continuous Corn as Related to Residue Management and Nitrogen Fertilization - Hero T. Gollany; Jean-Alex E. Molina; C. Edward Clapp; Raymond R. Allmaras; Milegua F. Layese; John M. Baker; H. H. Cheng (Environmental Management, 2004)

Adaptation, Spatial Heterogeneity, and the Vulnerability of Agricultural Systems to Climate Change and CO2 Fertilization: An Integrated Assessment Approach - John M. Antle; Susan M. Capalbo; Edward T. Elliott; Keith H. Paustian (Climatic Change, 2004)

Lactoferrin and Iron: structural and dynamic aspects of binding and release - Heather M. Baker; Edward N. Baker (BioMetals, 2004)

Efficient large-scale development of microsatellites for marker and mapping applications in Brassica crop species - A. J. Lowe; C. Moule; M. Trick; K. J. Edwards (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004)

Sources and predictors of resolvable indel polymorphism assessed using rice as a model - J. D. Edwards; V. M. Lee; S. R. McCouch (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2004)

Stiffness and postural stability in adults with Down syndrome - A. Webber; N. Virji-Babul; R. Edwards; M. Lesperance (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

Compositional variations of olivine from the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit, western China: implications for ore genesis - Chusi Li; Zhanghua Xu; Sybrand A. de Waal; Edward M. Ripley; Wolfgang D. Maier (Mineralium Deposita, 2004)

Qualification of analytical instruments for use in the pharmaceutical industry: A scientific approach - Surendra K. Bansal; Thomas Layloff; Ernest D. Bush; Marta Hamilton; Edward A. Hankinson; John S. Landy; Stephen Lowes; Moheb M. Nasr; Paul A. St. Jean; Vinod P. Shah (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2004)

Qualification of analytical instruments for use in the pharmaceutical industry: A scientific approach - Surendra K. Bansal; Thomas Layloff; Ernest D. Bush; Marta Hamilton; Edward A. Hankinson; John S. Landy; Stephen Lowes; Moheb M. Nasr; Paul A. St. Jean; Vinod P. Shah (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2004)

Quantitative trait locus analysis of fungal disease resistance factors on a molecular map of grapevine - B. M. Fischer; I. Salakhutdinov; M. Akkurt; R. Eibach; K. J. Edwards; R. Töpfer; E. M. Zyprian (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004)

New Fluorescence Parameters for the Determination of QA Redox State and Excitation Energy Fluxes - David M. Kramer; Giles Johnson; Olavi Kiirats; Gerald E. Edwards (Photosynthesis Research, 2004)

Electrical stimulation driving functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with stroke - Teresa J. Kimberley; Scott M. Lewis; Edward J. Auerbach; Lisa L. Dorsey; Jeanne M. Lojovich; James R. Carey (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

fMRI analysis of ankle movement tracking training in subject with stroke - Edward J. Auerbach; Kamil Ugurbil; James R. Carey; Kathleen M. Anderson; Teresa J. Kimberley; Scott M. Lewis (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

Failure to detect prostate cancer in the PSA era: comments on N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 215–224 and N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 335–342 - Elizabeth A. Platz; Angelo M. De Marzo; Edward Giovannucci (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Functional annotation of mouse mutations in embryonic stem cells by use of expression profiling - Derek J. Symula; Yiwen Zhu; John C. Schimenti; Edward M. Rubin (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

A kinetic model of metamorphism: an application to siliceous dolomites - Edward W. Bolton; Danny M. Rye; Andreas Lttge (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2004)

Intervertebral Disc Mechanics Are Restored Following Cyclic Loading and Unloaded Recovery - Wade Johannessen; Edward J. Vresilovic; Alexander C. Wright; Dawn M. Elliott (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2004)

Aeolian activity in northern Amazonia: optical dating of Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeodunes - Richard M. Teeuw; Edward J. Rhodes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2004)
Palaeodunes were examined on the eastern margin of the Rio Branco–Rupununi savanna, northeast Amazonia. Optical dating suggests that the onset of aeolian activity was between 17 000 and 15 000 yr ago, just after the Last Glacial Maximum. Both the palaeodune axes and modern dominant wind directions have northeast to east‐northeast directions, implying no significant shift in atmospheric circulation patterns over northeast Amazonia during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Major regional climate change events, such as the Younger Dryas, do not appear to have had any effect on the rates of aeolian deposition at the study site. Aeolian activity appears to have continued to the present day, showing a remarkably constant deposition rate of around 0.13 m kyr −1 initially, increasing smoothly to the present. Until more palaeodunes in northern Amazonia are dated, it is impossible to determine if this record of gradual aeolian deposition is a reliable regional palaeoclimate indicator, rather than being the result of local bioclimatic and geomorphological effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Thioredoxin restores nitric oxide-induced inhibition of protein kinase C activity in lung endothelial cells - Katriina Kahlos; Jianliang Zhang; Edward R. Block; Jawaharlal M. Patel (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)