RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-ethyl-2,6-dimethylpyrazine, CAS Registry Number 13925-07-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5,6,7-trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one, CAS Registry Number 358331-95-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, (1R,2S,5R)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, CAS Registry Number 68489-09-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzoic acid, 2-[(2-phenylethylidene)amino]-, methyl ester, CAS Registry Number 67785-76-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, butyl salicylate, CAS Registry Number 2052-14-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, cycloionone, CAS Registry Number 5552-30-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, geranyl butyrate, CAS Registry Number 106-29-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, geranyl formate, CAS Registry Number 105-86-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methylpropyl 3-methylbutyrate, CAS Registry Number 589-59-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl phenylacetate, CAS Registry Number 101-97-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, butyl butyryllactate, CAS Registry Number 7492-70-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ω-6-hexadecenlactone, CAS Registry Number 7779-50-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-isobutyl-3-methylpyrazine, CAS Registry Number 13925-06-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, CAS Registry Number 98-52-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, CAS Registry Number 123-32-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α,α-dimethylphenylethyl propionate, CAS Registry Number 67785-77-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, eugenyl methyl ether, CAS Registry Number 93-15-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, β-ionol, CAS Registry Number 22029-76-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, hexyl salicylate, CAS Registry Number 6259-76-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ocimenol, CAS Registry Number 5986-38-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3,4-dihydro-5-methylnaphthalen-1(2H)-one, CAS Registry Number 6939-35-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, decahydro-β-naphthyl formate, CAS Registry Number 10519-12-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid lactone, CAS Registry number 591-12-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, CAS Registry Number 698-10-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Proportional variation and scaling in the hindlimbs of hopping mammals, including convergent evolution in argyrolagids and jerboas - Megan E. Jones; Kenny Travouillon; Christine M. Janis (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2024)
Bipedal hopping is a mode of locomotion seen today in four rodent lineages and one clade of marsupials. The Argyrolagidae, marsupials from the Oligocene to Pliocene of South America, have also been considered to be hoppers. These lineages all convergently evolved similar general morphologies, with elongated hindlimbs, reduced forelimbs, and elongated tails, and their similarities and variations may be informative in understanding the evolution of hopping in mammals. This study uses principal components analysis and log-log regressions to investigate variation in the hindlimb proportions of these hopping mammals and how this relates to body mass. We find that the distribution of hopping mammal masses is bimodal, divided at roughly 500 g. These two domains among hopping mammals may reflect optimisation for different forms of hopping locomotion; species under 500 g tend to have more elongated metatarsals relative to the rest of their hindlimbs, perhaps to facilitate rapid vertical jumps for predator evasion, a behaviour not seen in larger hoppers. Despite this bimodal distribution in body mass, hindlimb proportions cluster more by clade than mass, with some similarities among clades being especially noteworthy. The jerboas (Dipodidae, Rodentia) and Argyrolagidae share a particularly extreme degree of metatarsal elongation. The drivers of this convergence are unclear, but we hypothesise that the elongation may be related to the reduction/fusion of metatarsals in these groups, or a greater reliance on bipedality at slow speeds, as jerboas are known to utilise multiple bipedal gaits in addition to hopping.

Cold-induced vasodilation during sequential immersions of the hand - Rebecca S. Weller; Hein A. Daanen; Rebecca J. McClintock; Nicholas A. Roberts; Timothy L. Dunn; Douglas M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)
A common practice for those operating in cold environments includes repetitive glove doffing and donning to perform specific tasks, which creates a repetitive cycle of hand cooling and rewarming. This study aimed to determine the influence of intraday repeated hand cooling on cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD), sympathetic activation, and finger/hand temperature recovery. Eight males and two females (mean ± SD age: 28 ± 5 year; height: 181 ± 9 cm; weight: 79.9 ± 10.4 kg) performed two 30-min hand immersions in cold (4.3 ± 0.92 °C) water in an indoor environment (18 °C). Both immersions (Imm1; Imm2) were performed on the same day and both allowed for a 10-min recovery. CIVD components were calculated for each finger (index, middle, ring) during each immersion. CIVD onset time (index, p = 0.546; middle, p = 0.727; ring, p = 0.873), minimum finger temperature (index, p = 0.634; middle, p = 0.493; ring, p = 0.575), and mean finger temperature (index, p = 0.986; middle, p = 0.953; ring, p = 0.637) were all similar between immersions. Recovery rates generally demonstrated similar responses as well. Findings suggest that two sequential CIVD tests analyzing the effect of prior cold exposure of the hand does not impair the CIVD response or recovery. Such findings appear promising for those venturing into cold environments where hands are likely to be repeatedly exposed to cold temperatures.

Moderate Anthropogenic Noise Exposure Does Not Affect Navy Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Whistle Rates - Jessica J. Sportelli; Kelly M. Heimann; Brittany L. Jones (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2024)
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) rely on frequency- and amplitude-modulated whistles to communicate, and noise exposure can inhibit the success of acoustic communication through masking or causing behavioral changes in the animal. At the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP) in San Diego, CA, dolphins are housed in netted enclosures in the San Diego Bay and exposed to noise from vessels, unmanned underwater vehicles, and other remote sensing devices. The acoustic behavior of 20 dolphins was monitored and whistle rates during noise events were quantified. Whistle rates during the onset of the event (i.e., the first 5 min) did not significantly differ from the pre-onset (5 min immediately preceding). Whistle rates were also not significantly different for the entire duration of the event compared to a matched control period. The noise’s frequency range (i.e., control, mid-frequency (0–20 kHz) or high-frequency (21–80 kHz)), signal-to-noise ratio, and sound pressure level were not significantly related to the dolphins’ whistle rate. Considering this is a location of frequent and moderate noise output, these results lend support to established guidelines on anthropogenic noise exposure for cetaceans, suggesting that moderate noise exposure levels may not impact communication efforts in bottlenose dolphins.

Host avian species and environmental conditions influence the microbial ecology of brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbird nestlings: What rules the roost? - Elizabeth N. Rudzki; Nicholas D. Antonson; Todd M. Jones; Wendy M. Schelsky; Brian K. Trevelline; Mark E. Hauber; Kevin D. Kohl (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
The role of species interactions, as well as genetic and environmental factors, all likely contribute to the composition and structure of the gut microbiome; however, disentangling these independent factors under field conditions represents a challenge for a functional understanding of gut microbial ecology. Avian brood parasites provide unique opportunities to investigate these questions, as brood parasitism results in parasite and host nestlings being raised in the same nest, by the same parents. Here we utilized obligate brood parasite brown‐headed cowbird nestlings (BHCO; Molothrus ater ) raised by several different host passerine species to better understand, via 16S rRNA sequencing, the microbial ecology of brood parasitism. First, we compared faecal microbial communities of prothonotary warbler nestlings (PROW; Protonotaria citrea ) that were either parasitized or non‐parasitized by BHCO and communities among BHCO nestlings from PROW nests. We found that parasitism by BHCO significantly altered both the community membership and community structure of the PROW nestling microbiota, perhaps due to the stressful nest environment generated by brood parasitism. In a second dataset, we compared faecal microbiotas from BHCO nestlings raised by six different host passerine species. Here, we found that the microbiota of BHCO nestlings was significantly influenced by the parental host species and the presence of an inter‐specific nestmate. Thus, early rearing environment is important in determining the microbiota of brood parasite nestlings and their companion nestlings. Future work may aim to understand the functional effects of this microbiota variability on nestling performance and fitness.

Land surface conductance linked to precipitation: Co‐evolution of vegetation and climate in Earth system models - Peter J. Franks; Nicholas Herold; Gordon B. Bonan; Keith W. Oleson; Jeffrey S. Dukes; Matthew Huber; Julian I. Schroeder; Peter M. Cox; Simon Jones (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Vegetation and precipitation are known to fundamentally influence each other. However, this interdependence is not fully represented in climate models because the characteristics of land surface (canopy) conductance to water vapor and CO 2 are determined independently of precipitation. Working within a coupled atmosphere and land modelling framework (CAM6/CLM5; coupled Community Atmosphere Model v6/Community Land Model v5), we have developed a new theoretical approach to characterizing land surface conductance by explicitly linking its dynamic properties to local precipitation, a robust proxy for moisture available to vegetation. This will enable regional surface conductance characteristics to shift fluidly with climate change in simulations, consistent with general principles of co‐evolution of vegetation and climate. Testing within the CAM6/CLM5 framework shows that climate simulations incorporating the new theory outperform current default configurations across several error metrics for core output variables when measured against observational data. In climate simulations for the end of this century the new, adaptive stomatal conductance scheme provides a revised prognosis for average and extreme temperatures over several large regions, with increased primary productivity through central and east Asia, and higher rainfall through North Africa and the Middle East. The new projections also reveal more frequent heatwaves than originally estimated for the south‐eastern US and sub‐Saharan Africa but less frequent heatwaves across east Europe and northeast Asia. These developments have implications for evaluating food security and risks from extreme temperatures in areas that are vulnerable to climate change.

Global patterns of allochthony in stream–riparian meta‐ecosystems - Daniel C. Allen; James Larson; Christina A. Murphy; Erica A. Garcia; Kurt E. Anderson; Michelle H. Busch; Alba Argerich; Alice M. Belskis; Kierstyn T. Higgins; Brooke E. Penaluna; Veronica Saenz; Jay Jones; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Ecosystems that are coupled by reciprocal flows of energy and nutrient subsidies can be viewed as a single “meta‐ecosystem.” Despite these connections, the reciprocal flow of subsidies is greatly asymmetrical and seasonally pulsed. Here, we synthesize existing literature on stream–riparian meta‐ecosystems to quantify global patterns of the amount of subsidy consumption by organisms, known as “allochthony.” These resource flows are important since they can comprise a large portion of consumer diets, but can be disrupted by human modification of streams and riparian zones. Despite asymmetrical subsidy flows, we found stream and riparian consumer allochthony to be equivalent. Although both fish and stream invertebrates rely on seasonally pulsed allochthonous resources, we find allochthony varies seasonally only for fish, being nearly three times greater during the summer and fall than during the winter and spring. We also find that consumer allochthony varies with feeding traits for aquatic invertebrates, fish, and terrestrial arthropods, but not for terrestrial vertebrates. Finally, we find that allochthony varies by climate for aquatic invertebrates, being nearly twice as great in arid climates than in tropical climates, but not for fish. These findings are critical to understanding the consequences of global change, as ecosystem connections are being increasingly disrupted.

Potential of dynamic ocean management strategies for western Pacific leatherback sea turtle bycatch mitigation in New Zealand - Zachary A. Siders; Campbell Murray; Charity Puloka; Shelton Harley; Clinton Duffy; Christopher A. Long; Robert N. M. Ahrens; T. Todd Jones (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Western Pacific leatherback sea turtles ( Dermochelys coriacea ) are a priority bycatch mitigation concern due to the projected extinction of the population before the end of the 21st century. The species regularly occurs as bycatch in gillnet and surface longline fisheries. Here, we explore the potential for dynamic ocean management in an emerging hotspot of leatherback sea turtle bycatch in the New Zealand pelagic longline fishery. We compared spatial areas of different sizes built from single oceanographic covariates as well as built from a composite risk surface developed through ensemble random forests. We found that, individually, the Okubo–Weiss parameter, sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, SST, moon phase, and distance to the SST front were important oceanographic covariates for leatherback sea turtle bycatch. However, the spatial areas built from the composite risk surface were the most effective at discriminating sets with and without bycatch across a range of risk cutoffs. When we also considered implementation metrics of spatial area and coherence as part of performance, the area derived from the composite risk surface with a risk of interaction per set greater than 52% performed best. This spatial area was ephemeral, occurring 1 or 2 weeks each year, and localized, occurring along the north coast of East Cape in the North Island of New Zealand. The apparent presence of discrete spatial areas with elevated risk may be useful to inform future management in the area. Considering implementation metrics in defining utility was useful for identifying tradeoffs between the total size and the underlying covariates delineating a spatial area. As such, we recommend these types of metrics to be included when designing spatial bycatch mitigation strategies elsewhere.

State of the California Current Ecosystem report in 2022: a tale of two La Niñas - Andrew R. Thompson; Rasmus Swalethorp; Michaela Alksne; Jarrod A. Santora; Elliott L. Hazen; Andrew Leising; Erin Satterthwaite; William J. Sydeman; Clarissa R. Anderson; Toby D. Auth; Simone Baumann-Pickering; Timothy Baumgardner; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
2022 marked the third consecutive La Niña and extended the longest consecutive stretch of negative Oceanic Niño Index since 1998-2001. While physical and biological conditions in winter and spring largely adhered to prior La Niña conditions, summer and fall were very different. Similar to past La Niña events, in winter and spring coastal upwelling was either average or above average, temperature average or below average, salinity generally above average. In summer and fall, however, upwelling and temperature were generally average or slightly below average, salinity was close to average and chlorophyll a was close to average. Again, as during prior La Niña events, biomass of northern/southern copepods was above/below average off Oregon in winter, and body size of North Pacific krill in northern California was above average in winter. By contrast, later in the year the abundance of northern krill dropped off Oregon while southern copepods increased and body sizes of North Pacific krill fell in northern California. Off Oregon and Washington abundances of market squid and Pacific pompano (indicators of warm, non-typical La Niña conditions) were high. In the 20 th century, Northern anchovy recruitment tended to be high during cold conditions, but despite mostly warm conditions from 2015-2021 anchovy populations boomed and remained high in 2022. Resident seabird reproductive success, which tended in the past to increase during productive La Niña conditions was highly variable throughout the system as common murre and pelagic cormorant, experienced complete reproductive failure at Yaquina Head, Oregon while Brandt’s cormorant reproduction was average. At three sampling locations off central California, however, common murre reproduction was close to or above average while both pelagic and Brandt’s cormorant were above average. California sealion reproduction has been above average each year since 2016, and pup weight was also above average in 2022, likely in response not to La Niña or El Niño but continuous high abundance of anchovy. The highly variable and often unpredictable physical and biological conditions in 2022 highlight a growing recognition of disconnects between basin-scale indices and local conditions in the CCE. “July-December 2022 is the biggest outlier from individual “strong” La Niña (events) ever going back to the 50s.” – Nate Mantua

Three-spined sticklebacks show dimension-specific preferences for shelter - Nick A.R. Jones; Giacomo Gardella; Mike M. Webster (Animal Behaviour, 2024)

Inter-colony variation in predation, mercury burden and adult survival in a declining seabird - Anna M. Calvert; Sarah E. Gutowsky; David A. Fifield; Neil M. Burgess; Rachel Bryant; Gail S. Fraser; Carina Gjerdrum; April Hedd; Patricia L. Jones; Robert A. Mauck; Laura McFarlane Tranquilla; William A. Montevecchi; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

FTIR spectra from grass pollen: A quest for species-level resolution of Poaceae and Cerealia-type pollen grains - F. Katsi; M.S. Kent; M. Jones; W.T. Fraser; P.E. Jardine; W. Eastwood; M. Mariani; C. Osborne; S. Edwards; B.H. Lomax (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2024)

Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning - Antony M. Knights; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Louise B. Firth; Todd Bond; Jeremy Claisse; Joop W.P. Coolen; Andrea Copping; Jennifer Dannheim; Michela De Dominicis; Steven Degraer; Michael Elliott; Paul G. Fernandes; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Numerical scattering amplitudes with pySecDec - G. Heinrich; S.P. Jones; M. Kerner; V. Magerya; A. Olsson; J. Schlenk (Computer Physics Communications, 2024)

Process development and techno-economic analysis for mechanochemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) - Elisavet Anglou; Arvind Ganesan; Yuchen Chang; Kinga M. Gołąbek; Qiang Fu; William Bradley; Christopher W. Jones; Carsten Sievers; Sankar Nair; Fani Boukouvala (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Micro-scale structural and chemical characterisation of deformed rocks with simultaneous in-situ synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and backscatter diffraction mapping - C.E. Schrank; M.W.M. Jones; D.L. Howard; A. Berger; M. Herwegh (Chemical Geology, 2024)

The sampling and analysis of coastal microplastic and mesoplastic: Development of a citizen science approach - David M. Jones; Jonathan Potts; Michelle S. Hale (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2024)
Plastic pollution has become one of the major environmental issues affecting the oceans. Millions of tonnes of plastic pollution enter the oceans every year and much of that ends up on coastlines. Microplastics and mesoplastics contamination is of particular concern, however, despite increased research, much remains unknown about their scale, distribution and impacts around the world. This study sought to determine whether a citizen science approach to coastal microplastic and mesoplastic data collection could address some of these shortcomings. We designed, developed, and tested a novel protocol that would allow volunteers to collect and record reliable data. Using the final protocol, a total of 910 samples have been collected by volunteers from 32 countries over the period of the research. This study showed that by incorporating user-centred design with established scientific methods and adapting the protocol design through user feedback, volunteers can collect data, make meaningful contributions to the gaps in scientific knowledge, benefit personally and increase their understanding of the impacts of microplastics in the environment.

Review of Pseudomonas species causing bacterial canker of Prunus species with emphasis on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in New Zealand - M. Virginia Marroni; Seona Casonato; Andrew R. Pitman; Sandra B. Visnovsky; Robert M. Beresford; E. Eirian Jones (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2024)
Bacterial canker of cherry is a major constraint to stone fruit production worldwide, including New Zealand. Six pathovars of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae are known to cause bacterial canker on Prunus species. From those six pathovars, P . s . pv. syringae (Pss), P . s . pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm1) and P . s . pv. persicae have been reported as pathogens of Prunus species in New Zealand, and Pss and Psm1 on sweet cherry ( Pr. avium ). On sweet cherry, extensive development of cankers and gummosis is usually observed, particularly during late winter and spring, with the progressive decline of trees resulting from the death of branches or death of the plant. In young orchards in New Zealand, losses of 20–50%, and sometimes the removal of entire cherry blocks have been observed. This review reports on the current knowledge of P. syringae pathovars causing bacterial canker of Prunus species, with specific focus on sweet cherry in New Zealand, and covers their identification, the infection process, virulence associated factors, epidemiology, symptoms, and management strategies.

Positive spatial autocorrelation in three habitat quality indicators sets the stage for evolution of adaptive dispersal plasticity in a coral reef fish - Robin K. Francis; Genevieve Tostevin; Tina Barbasch; Rebecca Branconi; Maya Srinivasan; Geoffrey P. Jones; Peter M. Buston (Coral Reefs, 2024)

Fentanyl dysregulates neuroinflammation and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice - Kara M. Rademeyer; Sara R. Nass; Austin M. Jones; Michael Ohene-Nyako; Kurt F. Hauser; MaryPeace McRae (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2024)

Predicting spring phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests: NEON phenology forecasting community challenge - Kathryn I. Wheeler; Michael C. Dietze; David LeBauer; Jody A. Peters; Andrew D. Richardson; Arun A. Ross; R. Quinn Thomas; Kai Zhu; Uttam Bhat; Stephan Munch; Raphaela Floreani Buzbee; Min Chen; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Assessing and predicting the influence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on light absorption by phytoplankton in boreal lakes - Salla A. Ahonen; Kristiina M. Vuorio; Roger I. Jones; Heikki Hämäläinen; Krista Rantamo; Marja Tiirola; Anssi V. Vähätalo (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Many boreal lakes are colored brown due to strong light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which reduces light penetration into the water column. However, the influence of CDOM on the fraction of photosynthetically utilizable radiation (PUR) absorbed by phytoplankton from the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) entering the lake (i.e., PUR/PAR) remains largely unknown. Here, we (1) quantified PUR/PAR values and examined the major water quality parameters determining PUR/PAR from 128 sampled boreal lakes, (2) predicted PUR/PAR values for 2250 reference boreal lakes, and (3) estimated the response of PUR/PAR to typical browning trends reported in earlier studies. The PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.4% to 17% in the sampled lakes, and a logarithmic model including CDOM and chlorophyll a (Chl a ) concentration was the most parsimonious for predicting PUR/PAR values. Applying the model to the reference lakes, PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.5% to 20% (median 3%). In the model, an increase in CDOM content decreases the PUR/PAR value, but a concurrent increase in Chl a concentration with the CDOM partly compensates the negative effect of CDOM on the PUR/PAR values. Assuming that browning increases both CDOM and Chl a contents, as found for our reference lakes, our model suggests that the decrease in light absorption by phytoplankton in response to a typical degree of browning is only moderate. The moderate response of the PUR/PAR to browning may be explained by photoacclimation of phytoplankton to lowered light availability, and/or an increased loading of nutrients to lakes both leading to higher Chl a concentration.

A roadmap for pyrodiversity science - Zachary L. Steel; Jesse E. D. Miller; Lauren C. Ponisio; Morgan W. Tingley; Kate Wilkin; Rachel Blakey; Kira M. Hoffman; Gavin Jones (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Background Contemporary and projected shifts in global fire regimes highlight the importance of understanding how fire affects ecosystem function and biodiversity across taxa and geographies. Pyrodiversity, or heterogeneity in fire history, is often an important driver of biodiversity, though it has been largely overlooked until relatively recently. In this paper, we synthesise previous research to develop a theoretical framework on pyrodiversity–biodiversity relationships and propose future research and conservation management directions. Theoretical Framework Pyrodiversity may affect biodiversity by diversifying available ecological niches, stabilising community networks and/or supporting diverse species pools available for post‐fire colonisation. Further, pyrodiversity's effects on biodiversity vary across different spatial, temporal and organismal scales depending on the mobility and other life history traits of the organisms in question and may be mediated by regional eco‐evolutionary factors such as historical fire regimes. Developing a generalisable understanding of pyrodiversity effects on biodiversity has been challenging, in part because pyrodiversity can be quantified in various ways. Applying the Pyrodiversity Concept Exclusion of Indigenous fire stewardship, fire suppression, increased unplanned ignitions and climate change have led to dramatic shifts in fire regimes globally. Such shifts include departures from historic levels of pyrodiversity and add to existing challenges to biodiversity conservation in fire‐prone landscapes. Managers navigating these challenges can be aided by targeted research into observed contemporary pyrodiversity–biodiversity relationships as well as knowledge of historical reference conditions informed by both Indigenous and local ecological knowledge and western science. Future Research Directions Several promising avenues exist for the advancement of pyrodiversity science to further both theoretical and practical goals. These lines of investigation include but are not limited to (1) testing the increasing variety of pyrodiversity metrics and analytical approaches; (2) assessing the spatial and temporal scale‐dependence of pyrodiversity's influence; (3) reconstructing historical pyrodiversity patterns and developing methods for predicting and/or promoting future pyrodiversity; and (4) expanding the focus of pyrodiversity science beyond biodiversity to better understand its influence on ecosystem function and processes more broadly.

Genetic sex determination improves Canadian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) population assessments - Martha J. Robertson; Sarah J. Lehnert; Nicholas I. Kelly; Lorraine C. Hamilton; Ross A. Jones; Alex L. Levy; Rebecca Poole; Chantelle M. Burke; Steven J. Duffy; Amber Messmer; Ian R. Bradbury (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2024)
Estimating egg deposition for Atlantic salmon population assessments is made difficult by their lack of sexual dimorphism prior to the autumn spawning season. We quantified the effect of sex misclassification from subjective examination of external morphology on egg deposition estimates in four Atlantic salmon populations across multiple years. Sex classification of Canadian salmon using the genetic sex marker ( sd Y) was accurate (>97%), whereas sex classification based on subjective examination of external morphology was inaccurate, with misclassification rates dependent on sea age, life history, and sampling season. Sex misclassification led to annual egg deposition estimates that ranged from −36% to +56%. We found that sex could not be discriminated based on measures of external morphology.

How we count counts: Examining influences on detection during shoreline surveys of marine debris - Hillary K. Burgess; Timothy T. Jones; Jacqueline K. Lindsey; Carlie E. Herring; Sherry M. Lippiatt; Julia K. Parrish; Amy V. Uhrin (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

Baby food pouches and Baby-Led Weaning: Associations with energy intake, eating behaviour and infant weight status - Alice M. Cox; Rachael W. Taylor; Jillian J. Haszard; Kathryn L. Beck; Pamela R. von Hurst; Cathryn A. Conlon; Lisa A. Te Morenga; Lisa Daniels; Jenny McArthur; Rebecca Paul; Neve H. McLean; Emily A. Jones; et al. (Appetite, 2024)

Emerging and legacy plasticisers in coastal and estuarine environments: A review - Alex Billings; Kevin C. Jones; M. Glória Pereira; David J. Spurgeon (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Cryptotephra preserved in Lake Suigetsu (SG14 core) reveals the eruption timing and distribution of ash fall from Japanese volcanoes during the Late-glacial to early Holocene - Paul G. Albert; Danielle McLean; Hannah M. Buckland; Takehiko Suzuki; Gwydion Jones; Richard A. Staff; Sophie Vineberg; Ikuko Kitaba; Keitaro Yamada; Hiroshi Moriwaki; Daisuke Ishimura; Ken Ikehara; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Interannual differences in sea ice regime in the north-western Barents Sea cause major changes in summer pelagic production and export mechanisms - Martí Amargant-Arumí; Oliver Müller; Yasemin V. Bodur; Iliana-V. Ntinou; Tobias Vonnahme; Philipp Assmy; Doreen Kohlbach; Melissa Chierici; Elizabeth Jones; Lasse M. Olsen; Tatiana M. Tsagaraki; Marit Reigstad; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2024)

From winter to late summer in the northwestern Barents Sea shelf: Impacts of seasonal progression of sea ice and upper ocean on nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics - Zoe Koenig; Morven Muilwijk; Håkon Sandven; Øyvind Lundesgaard; Philipp Assmy; Sigrid Lind; Karen M. Assmann; Melissa Chierici; Agneta Fransson; Sebastian Gerland; Elizabeth Jones; Angelika H.H. Renner; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2024)

Determining Environmental Drivers of Fine-Scale Variability in Blue Carbon Soil Stocks - S. K. Russell; B. M. Gillanders; S. Detmar; D. Fotheringham; A. R. Jones (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Blue carbon ecosystems sequester and store a larger mass of organic carbon per unit area than many other vegetated ecosystems, with most being stored in the soil. Understanding the fine-scale drivers of variability in blue carbon soil stocks is important for supporting accurate carbon accounting and effective management of saltmarsh and mangrove habitats for carbon abatement. Here, we investigate the influence of local- and regional-scale environmental factors on soil organic carbon stocks using a case study from South Australia. We sampled 74 soil cores from mangrove, intertidal saltmarsh and supratidal saltmarsh sites where we also recorded precise elevation and vegetation data. Using a Bayesian mixed-effects regression approach, we modelled soil organic carbon stocks as a function of multiple environmental variables. The best model (Bayes R 2 = 0.82) found that distance to the nearest tidal creek, vegetation type and soil texture significantly affected soil organic carbon stocks. Coarser soils with higher sand content had lower stocks, while finer-grained, clay-dominated soils had greater stocks. Mangroves had significantly greater stocks than intertidal saltmarshes and stocks were higher in sites closer to tidal creeks, highlighting the important role that local tidal creek systems play in sediment and water transport. This study’s findings are based on a broader range of local environmental factors than are usually considered in blue carbon models and increase our understanding and ability to predict site-level soil organic blue carbon stocks. The results emphasise the potential for organic carbon stocks to vary at local scales; the ability to predict this using appropriate environmental datasets; and the importance of accounting for local organic carbon stock variability when selecting sites for blue carbon-focussed restoration or conservation actions that aim to achieve carbon abatement.

Influence of the freezing level on atmospheric rivers in High Mountain Asia: WRF case studies of orographic precipitation extremes - Deanna Nash; Leila M. V. Carvalho; Jonathan J. Rutz; Charles Jones (Climate Dynamics, 2024)
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) reach High Mountain Asia (HMA) about 10 days per month during the winter and spring, resulting in about 20 mm day $$^{-1}$$ - 1 of precipitation. However, a few events may exceed 100 mm day $$^{-1}$$ - 1 , providing most of the total winter precipitation and increasing the risk of precipitation-triggered landslides and flooding, particularly when the height of the height of the 0 $$^{° }$$ ∘ C isotherm, or freezing level is above-average. This study shows that from 1979 to 2015, integrated water vapor transport (IVT) during ARs that reach Western HMA has increased 16% while the freezing level has increased up to 35 m. HMA ARs that have an above-average freezing level result in 10–40% less frozen precipitation compared to ARs with a below-average freezing level. To evaluate the importance of these trends in the characteristics of ARs, we investigate mesoscale processes leading to orographic precipitation using Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) simulations at 6.7 km spatial resolution. We contrast two above- and below- average freezing level AR events with otherwise broadly similar characteristics and show that with a 50–600 m increase in freezing level, the above-average AR resulted in 10–70% less frozen precipitation than the below-average event. This study contributes to a better understanding of climate change-related impacts within HMA’s hydrological cycle and the associated hazards to vulnerable communities living in the region.

First evidence of mouse predation killing adult great albatrosses - Maëlle Connan; Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; Lucy K. Smyth; Steffen Oppel; Vonica Perold; Kim L. Stevens; Roelf Daling; Peter G. Ryan (Biological Invasions, 2024)
Invasive rodents threaten native species in numerous ecosystems, especially oceanic islands. The House Mouse Mus musculus is the only introduced mammal species on sub-Antarctic Gough and Marion Islands. Ample evidence exists of mice preying upon seabird chicks on these two islands, but there have been only a few reports of attacks on adult seabirds, none of which has been fatal. We report the first deaths of adult great albatrosses due to mouse attacks. On Gough Island, three Tristan Albatrosses Diomedea dabbenena (Critically Endangered) brooding small chicks were observed with wounds typical of mouse attacks in March–April 2021; two likely abandoned their chick, causing breeding failure, and the third was found dead eight days after discovery with large blowfly larvae in the wound. On Marion Island, two wounded and eight dead adult Wandering Albatrosses D. exulans (Vulnerable) were found in April 2023. Inspection of the wounded individuals, as well as the injuries on the fresh carcasses strongly suggest that mouse predation was the cause of death. Gough Island is home to virtually all Tristan Albatrosses, and Marion Island is the single most important breeding site for Wandering Albatrosses, home to about a quarter of all breeding birds. The death of breeding adults of these long-lived species emphasizes the urgent need to eradicate introduced mice from these islands.

Molecular ecology of microbiomes in the wild: Common pitfalls, methodological advances and future directions - Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones; Tatiana Giraud; Lucie Zinger; Holly Bik; Simon Creer; Elin Videvall (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
The study of microbiomes across organisms and environments has become a prominent focus in molecular ecology. This perspective article explores common challenges, methodological advancements, and future directions in the field. Key research areas include understanding the drivers of microbiome community assembly, linking microbiome composition to host genetics, exploring microbial functions, transience and spatial partitioning, and disentangling non‐bacterial components of the microbiome. Methodological advancements, such as quantifying absolute abundances, sequencing complete genomes, and utilizing novel statistical approaches, are also useful tools for understanding complex microbial diversity patterns. Our aims are to encourage robust practices in microbiome studies and inspire researchers to explore the next frontier of this rapidly changing field.

Michael F. Tillman 1943–2023 - Robert L. Brownell; Linda L. Jones; Douglas P. DeMaster; Greg P. Donovan; Stephen B. Reilly; Rolland A. Schmitten; Jeffrey M. Breiwick; Robert Suydam; Daryl J. Boness; William W. Fox (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)

Freshwater invertebrate responses to fine sediment stress: A multi‐continent perspective - Morwenna McKenzie; Andrew Brooks; Marcos Callisto; Adrian L. Collins; Jessica M. Durkota; Russell G. Death; J. Iwan Jones; Marden S. Linares; Christoph D. Matthaei; Wendy A. Monk; John F. Murphy; Annika Wagenhoff; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Excessive fine sediment (particles

Using individual‐based trait frequency distributions to forecast plant‐pollinator network responses to environmental change - Aoife Cantwell‐Jones; Jason M. Tylianakis; Keith Larson; Richard J. Gill (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Determining how and why organisms interact is fundamental to understanding ecosystem responses to future environmental change. To assess the impact on plant‐pollinator interactions, recent studies have examined how the effects of environmental change on individual interactions accumulate to generate species‐level responses. Here, we review recent developments in using plant‐pollinator networks of interacting individuals along with their functional traits, where individuals are nested within species nodes. We highlight how these individual‐level, trait‐based networks connect intraspecific trait variation (as frequency distributions of multiple traits) with dynamic responses within plant‐pollinator communities. This approach can better explain interaction plasticity, and changes to interaction probabilities and network structure over spatiotemporal or other environmental gradients. We argue that only through appreciating such trait‐based interaction plasticity can we accurately forecast the potential vulnerability of interactions to future environmental change. We follow this with general guidance on how future studies can collect and analyse high‐resolution interaction and trait data, with the hope of improving predictions of future plant‐pollinator network responses for targeted and effective conservation.

High‐resolution data are necessary to understand the effects of climate on plant population dynamics of a forest herb - Ditte M. Christiansen; Gesa Römer; Johan P. Dahlgren; Malin Borg; Owen R. Jones; Sonia Merinero; Kristoffer Hylander; Johan Ehrlén (Ecology, 2024)
Climate is assumed to strongly influence species distribution and abundance. Although the performance of many organisms is influenced by the climate in their immediate proximity, the climate data used to model their distributions often have a coarse spatial resolution. This is problematic because the local climate experienced by individuals might deviate substantially from the regional average. This problem is likely to be particularly important for sessile organisms like plants and in environments where small‐scale variation in climate is large. To quantify the effect of local temperature on vital rates and population growth rates, we used temperature values measured at the local scale (in situ logger measures) and integral projection models with demographic data from 37 populations of the forest herb Lathyrus vernus across a wide latitudinal gradient in Sweden. To assess how the spatial resolution of temperature data influences assessments of climate effects, we compared effects from models using local data with models using regionally aggregated temperature data at several spatial resolutions (≥1 km). Using local temperature data, we found that spring frost reduced the asymptotic population growth rate in the first of two annual transitions and influenced survival in both transitions. Only one of the four regional estimates showed a similar negative effect of spring frost on population growth rate. Our results for a perennial forest herb show that analyses using regionally aggregated data often fail to identify the effects of climate on population dynamics. This emphasizes the importance of using organism‐relevant estimates of climate when examining effects on individual performance and population dynamics, as well as when modeling species distributions. For sessile organisms that experience the environment over small spatial scales, this will require climate data at high spatial resolutions.

Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach - Katharine F. E. Hogan; Holly P. Jones; Kirstie Savage; Angela M. Burke; Peter W. Guiden; Sheryl C. Hosler; Erin Rowland‐Schaefer; Nicholas A. Barber (Ecology, 2024)
In the midst of an ongoing biodiversity crisis, much research has focused on species losses and their impacts on ecosystem functioning. The functional consequences (ecosystem response) of shifts in communities are shaped not only by changes in species richness, but also by compositional shifts that result from species losses and gains. Species differ in their contribution to ecosystem functioning, so species identity underlies the consequences of species losses and gains on ecosystem functions. Such research is critical to better predict the impact of disturbances on communities and ecosystems. We used the “Community Assembly and the Functioning of Ecosystems” (CAFE) approach, a modification of the Price equation to understand the functional consequences and relative effects of richness and composition changes in small nonvolant mammal and dung beetle communities as a result of two common disturbances in North American prairie restorations, prescribed fire and the reintroduction of large grazing mammals. Previous research in this system has shown dung beetles are critically important decomposers, while small mammals modulate much energy in prairie food webs. We found that dung beetle communities were more responsive to bison reintroduction and prescribed fires than small nonvolant mammals. Dung beetle richness increased after bison reintroduction, with higher dung beetle community biomass resulting from changes in remaining species (context‐dependent component) rather than species turnover (richness components); prescribed fire caused a minor increase in dung beetle biomass for the same reason. For small mammals, bison reintroduction reduced energy transfer through the loss of species, while prescribed fire had little impact on either small mammal richness or energy transfer. The CAFE approach demonstrates how bison reintroduction controls small nonvolant mammal communities by increasing prairie food web complexity, and increases dung beetle populations with possible benefits for soil health through dung mineralization and soil bioturbation. Prescribed fires, however, have little effect on small mammals and dung beetles, suggesting a resilience to fire. These findings illustrate the key role of re‐establishing historical disturbance regimes when restoring endangered prairie ecosystems and their ecological function.

Phylogenetic assessment of Apophallines (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) with revision of Apophallus donicus Skrjabin & Lindtrop, 1919 complex and some taxonomic propositions - Sergey G. Sokolov; Alexander V. Khrustalev; Spencer J. Greenwood; Caitlyn N. Gray; William T. Robbins; Megan E. B. Jones; Ekaterina L. Voropaeva; Alexander P. Kalmykov; Gadzhibek S. Dzhamirzoev; Dmitry M. Atopkin (Systematics and Biodiversity, 2023)

Fire-adapted traits in animals - Gavin M. Jones; Joshua F. Goldberg; Taylor M. Wilcox; Lauren B. Buckley; Catherine L. Parr; Ethan B. Linck; Emily D. Fountain; Michael K. Schwartz (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Physical, biological and anthropogenic drivers of spatial patterns of coral reef fish assemblages at regional and local scales - Daniela M. Ceccarelli; Richard D. Evans; Murray Logan; Geoffrey P. Jones; Marji Puotinen; Caroline Petus; Garry R. Russ; Maya Srinivasan; David H. Williamson (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Hydrography, inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a linked to sea ice cover in the Atlantic Water inflow region north of Svalbard - Angelika H.H. Renner; Allison Bailey; Marit Reigstad; Arild Sundfjord; Melissa Chierici; Elizabeth M. Jones (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Inorganic carbon and nutrient dynamics in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea: Seasonality and implications for ocean acidification - Elizabeth M. Jones; Melissa Chierici; Agneta Fransson; Karen M. Assmann; Angelika H.H. Renner; Helene Hodal Lødemel (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Fuels reduction can directly improve spotted owl foraging habitat in the Sierra Nevada - Marilyn E. Wright; M. Zachariah Peery; Jessalyn Ayars; Brian P. Dotters; Kevin N. Roberts; Gavin M. Jones (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, allyl cyclohexaneacetate, CAS Registry Number 4728-82-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran, CAS Registry Number 1222-05-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzene, 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-methoxy-, CAS Registry Number 2186-92-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α-isobutylphenethyl alcohol, CAS Registry Number 7779-78-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, anisyl propionate, CAS Registry Number 7549-33-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, octahydrocoumarin, CAS Registry Number 4430-31-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl 2-methyl-3,4-pentadienoate, CAS Registry Number 60523-21-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3,4-dimethylthiophene, CAS Registry Number 632-15-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methylpropen-1-yl)pyran, CAS Registry Number 16409-43-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, camphene, CAS Registry Number 79-92-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, linalool oxide pyranoid, CAS Registry Number 14049-11-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3a,4,4a,5,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-4,9:5,8-dimethano-1H-benz[f]indene, CAS Registry Number 7158-25-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, salicylaldehyde, CAS Registry Number 90-02-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-(1-(3′,3′-dimethyl-1′-cyclohexyl)ethoxy)-2-methyl propyl propanoate, CAS Registry Number 141773-73-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine, CAS Registry Number 2847-30-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, propyl (2S)-2-(1,1-dimethylpropoxy)-propanoate, CAS Registry Number 319002-92-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, cyclohexaneethanethiol, 3-mercapto-b,4-dimethyl-, CAS Registry Number 4802-20-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, decahydro-β-naphthyl acetate, CAS Registry Number 10519-11-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, N-p-benzeneacetonitrilementhanecarboxamide, CAS Registry Number 852379-28-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzyl propionate, CAS Registry Number 122-63-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, dimethyl succinate, CAS Registry Number 106-65-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-mercaptohexyl acetate, CAS Registry Number 136954-20-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1-methylnaphthalene, CAS Registry Number 90-12-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5-hydroxy-2,4-decadienoic acid δ-lactone, CAS Registry Number 27593-23-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, allyl (3-methylbutoxy)acetate, CAS Registry Number 67634-00-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, amyl isobutyrate, CAS Registry Number 2445-72-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-yl acetate, CAS Registry number 24238-95-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, trans-2-hexenoic acid, CAS Registry Number 13419-69-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, acetaldehyde ethyl phenylethyl acetal, CAS Registry Number 2556-10-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, farnesol, CAS Registry Number 4602-84-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4,7,7-trimethyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-one, CAS Registry Number 74499-58-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, 2-hydroxy-4-(1-methylethyl)-, CAS Registry Number 499-44-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethylene dodecanedioate, CAS Registry Number 54982-83-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentanone, CAS Registry Number 65443-14-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-methylbutyl ester, CAS Registry Number 51115-63-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α,α-dimethylphenethyl butyrate, CAS Registry Number 10094-34-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isoamyl hexanoate, CAS registry number 2198-61-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl 3-phenylpropionate, CAS Registry Number 2021-28-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-buten-1-ol, CAS Registry number 28219-61-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl acetate, CAS registry number 151-05-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1,5,7-octatrien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (5E)-, CAS Registry Number 53834-70-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester, CAS Registry Number 2524-52-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-pyran, CAS Registry Number 94201-73-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, linalyl benzoate, CAS Registry Number 126-64-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, butyl phenylacetate, CAS Registry Number 122-43-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-ethylhexahydro-2(3H)-benzofuranone, CAS Registry Number 54491-17-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isodecyl alcohol, CAS Registry Number 25339-17-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one, CAS Registry Number 28664-35-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one, CAS registry number 27113-22-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5H-5-methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta(b)pyrazine, CAS Registry Number 23747-48-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, (±) ethyl 3-mercaptobutyrate, CAS Registry Number 156472-94-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, l-lactic acid (2-hydroxy propionic acid), CAS Registry Number 79-33-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, dihydronootkatone, CAS Registry Number 20489-53-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 9-hexadecyn-8-one, CAS Registry Number 89319-68-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, yuzunone, CAS Registry Number 1009814-14-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde diethyl acetal, CAS Registry Number 2403-58-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, dl-citronellol, CAS Registry Number 106-22-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, estragole, CAS registry number 140-67-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-hexenyl 2-oxopropionate, CAS Registry Number 68133-76-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, methoxypyrazine, CAS registry number 3149-28-8 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, myrcenol, CAS Registry Number 543-39-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, diethyl succinate, CAS Registry Number 123-25-1 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, menthone, CAS Registry Number 10458-14-7 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-2-butenal, CAS registry number 3155-71-3 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Characterisation of former manufactured gas plant soils using parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Rock-Eval(6) pyrolysis - Alison M. Williams-Clayson; Christopher H. Vane; Matthew D. Jones; Russell Thomas; Alexander W. Kim; Christopher Taylor; Darren J. Beriro (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes - Sheel Bansal; Irena F. Creed; Brian A. Tangen; Scott D. Bridgham; Ankur R. Desai; Ken W. Krauss; Scott C. Neubauer; Gregory B. Noe; Donald O. Rosenberry; Carl Trettin; Kimberly P. Wickland; Scott T. Allen; et al. (Wetlands, 2023)
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.

Anthropogenic light pollution is associated with diel patterns of fledging in an urban adapted songbird - Todd M. Jones; Laura J. Kearns; Amanda D. Rodewald (Urban Ecosystems, 2023)

Correction to: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Ten Years of Lessons Learned and Adjustments in Practice from the WorldWideWEB Consortium - Adam A. Dmytriw; Mahmoud Dibas; Sherief Ghozy; Nimer Adeeb; Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro; Kevin Phan; Hugo H. Cuellar-Saenz; Ahmad Sweid; Sovann V. Lay; Adrien Guenego; Leonardo Renieri; Ali Al Balushi; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2023)

The Structural Response of the Human Head to a Vertex Impact - Darcy W. Thompson-Bagshaw; Ryan D. Quarrington; Andrew M. Dwyer; Nigel R. Jones; Claire F. Jones (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)
In experimental models of cervical spine trauma caused by near-vertex head-first impact, a surrogate headform may be substituted for the cadaveric head. To inform headform design and to verify that such substitution is valid, the force-deformation response of the human head with boundary conditions relevant to cervical spine head-first impact models is required. There are currently no biomechanics data that characterize the force-deformation response of the isolated head supported at the occiput and compressed at the vertex by a flat impactor. The effect of impact velocity (1, 2 or 3 m/s) on the response of human heads ( N = 22) subjected to vertex impacts, while supported by a rigid occipital mount, was investigated. 1 and 2 m/s impacts elicited force-deformation responses with two linear regions, while 3 m/s impacts resulted in a single linear region and skull base ring fractures. Peak force and stiffness increased from 1 to 2 and 3 m/s. Deformation at peak force and absorbed energy increased from 1 to 2 m/s, but decreased from 2 to 3 m/s. The data reported herein enhances the limited knowledge on the human head’s response to a vertex impact, which may allow for validation of surrogate head models in this loading scenario.

Phenotypic signatures of urbanization? Resident, but not migratory, songbird eye size varies with urban‐associated light pollution levels - Todd M. Jones; Alfredo P. Llamas; Jennifer N. Phillips (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Urbanization now exposes large portions of the earth to sources of anthropogenic disturbance, driving rapid environmental change and producing novel environments. Changes in selective pressures as a result of urbanization are often associated with phenotypic divergence; however, the generality of phenotypic change remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether morphological phenotypes in two residential species (Carolina Wren [ Thryothorus ludovicianus ] and Northern Cardinal [ Cardinalis cardinalis ]) and two migratory species (Painted Bunting [ Passerina ciris ], and White‐eyed Vireo [ Vireo griseus ]), differed between urban core and edge habitats in San Antonio, Texas, USA. More specifically, we examined whether urbanization, associated sensory pollution (light and noise) and brightness (open, bright areas cause by anthropogenic land use) influenced measures of avian body (mass and frame size) and lateral eye size. We found no differences in body size between urban core and edge habitats for all species except the Painted Bunting, in which core‐urban individuals were smaller. Rather than a direct effect of urbanization, this was due to differences in age structure between habitats, with urban‐core areas consisting of higher proportions of younger buntings which are, on average, smaller than older birds. Residential birds inhabiting urban‐core areas had smaller eyes compared to their urban‐edge counterparts, resulting from a negative association between eye size and light pollution and brightness across study sites; notably, we found no such association in the two migratory species. Our findings demonstrate how urbanization may indirectly influence phenotypes by altering population demographics and highlight the importance of accounting for age when assessing factors driving phenotypic change. We also provide some of the first evidence that birds may adapt to urban environments through changes in their eye morphology, demonstrating the need for future research into relationships among eye size, ambient light microenvironment use, and disassembly of avian communities as a result of urbanization.

Microbial communities from weathered outcrops of a sulfide‐rich ultramafic intrusion, and implications for mine waste management - Kathryn K. Hobart; ZhaaZhaawaanong Greensky; Kimberly Hernandez; Joshua M. Feinberg; Jake V. Bailey; Daniel S. Jones (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
The Duluth Complex (DC) contains sulfide‐rich magmatic intrusions that represent one of the largest known economic deposits of copper, nickel, and platinum group elements. Previous work showed that microbial communities associated with experimentally‐weathered DC waste rock and tailings were dominated by uncultivated taxa and organisms not typically associated with mine waste. However, those experiments were designed for kinetic testing and do not necessarily represent the conditions expected for long‐term environmental weathering. We used 16S rRNA gene methods to characterize the microbial communities present on the surfaces of naturally‐weathered and historically disturbed outcrops of DC material. Rock surfaces were dominated by diverse uncultured Ktedonobacteria , Acetobacteria , and Actinobacteria , with abundant algae and other phototrophs. These communities were distinct from microbial assemblages from experimentally‐weathered DC rocks, suggesting different energy and nutrient resources in environmental samples. Sulfide mineral incubations performed with and without algae showed that photosynthetic microorganisms could have an inhibitory effect on autotrophic populations, resulting in slightly lower sulfate release and differences in dominant microorganisms. The microbial assemblages from these weathered outcrops show how communities develop during weathering of sulfide‐rich DC rocks and represent baseline data that could evaluate the effectiveness of future reclamation of waste produced by large‐scale mining operations.

Diurnal changes in pathogenic and indicator virus concentrations in wastewater - Kata Farkas; Igor Pântea; Nick Woodhall; Denis Williams; Kathryn Lambert-Slosarska; Rachel C. Williams; Jasmine M. S. Grimsley; Andrew C. Singer; Davey L. Jones (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been commonly used for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. As sampling times and methods (i.e. grab vs composite) may vary, diurnal changes of viral concentrations in sewage should be better understood. In this study, we collected untreated wastewater samples hourly for 4 days at two wastewater treatment plants in Wales to establish diurnal patterns in virus concentrations and the physico-chemical properties of the water. Simultaneously, we also trialled three absorbent materials as passive samples as a simple and cost-efficient alternative for the collection of composite samples. Ninety-six percent of all liquid samples ( n = 74) and 88% of the passive samplers ( n = 59) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas 87% and 97% of the liquid and passive samples were positive for the faecal indicator virus crAssphage, respectively. We found no significant daily variations in the concentration of the target viruses, ammonium and orthophosphate, and the pH and electrical conductivity levels were also stable. Weak positive correlations were found between some physico-chemical properties and viral concentrations. More variation was observed in samples taken from the influent stream as opposed to those taken from the influent tank. Of the absorbent materials trialled as passive samples, we found that tampons provided higher viral recoveries than electronegative filter paper and cotton gauze swabs. For all materials tested, viral recovery was dependent on the virus type. Our results indicate that grab samples may provide representative alternatives to 24-h composite samples if taken from the influent tank, hence reducing the costs of sampling for WBE programmes. Tampons are also viable alternatives for cost-efficient sampling; however, viral recovery should be optimised prior to use.

Occurrence and sources of microplastics on Arctic beaches: Svalbard - Tesni Lloyd-Jones; Jonathan J. Dick; Timothy P. Lane; Eoghan M. Cunningham; Konstadinos Kiriakoulakis (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

The skin structure in multiple color variants of barramundi (Lates calcarifer): A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural overview - R. Marcoli; D.B. Jones; C. Massault; A.F. Marc; M. Moran; P.J. Harrison; H.S. Cate; A.L. Lopata; D.R. Jerry (Aquaculture, 2023)

Fire-driven animal evolution in the Pyrocene - Gavin M. Jones; Joshua F. Goldberg; Taylor M. Wilcox; Lauren B. Buckley; Catherine L. Parr; Ethan B. Linck; Emily D. Fountain; Michael K. Schwartz (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Assessment of rapid wastewater surveillance for determination of communicable disease spread in municipalities - Mohsen Asadi; Daniel Hamilton; Corwyn Shomachuk; Femi F. Oloye; Chantel De Lange; Xia Pu; Charles A. Osunla; Jenna Cantin; Seba El-Baroudy; Edgard M. Mejia; Branden Gregorchuk; Michael G. Becker; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Building an inclusive wave in marine science: Sense of belonging and Society for Women in Marine Science symposia - Katherine N. Canfield; Alexa R. Sterling; Christina M. Hernández; Sophie N. Chu; Bethanie R. Edwards; Diana N. Fontaine; Jillian M. Freese; Marissa S. Giroux; Aubree E. Jones; Alexandra J. McCarty; Hannah K. Morrissette; Hilary I. Palevsky; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Assessing the effectiveness, practicality and cost effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from intensively cultivated peatlands - Jennifer M. Rhymes; David Arnott; David R. Chadwick; Christopher D. Evans; David L. Jones (Land Use Policy, 2023)

Macronutrient biogeochemistry in Antarctic land-fast sea ice: Insights from a circumpolar data compilation - Sian F. Henley; Stefano Cozzi; François Fripiat; Delphine Lannuzel; Daiki Nomura; David N. Thomas; Klaus M. Meiners; Martin Vancoppenolle; Kevin Arrigo; Jacqueline Stefels; Maria van Leeuwe; Sebastien Moreau; et al. (Marine Chemistry, 2023)

Joint associations between established genetic susceptibility loci, pesticide exposures, and risk of prostate cancer - Lauren M. Hurwitz; Laura E. Beane Freeman; Gabriella Andreotti; Jonathan N. Hofmann; Christine G. Parks; Dale P. Sandler; Jay H. Lubin; Jia Liu; Kristine Jones; Sonja I. Berndt; Stella Koutros (Environmental Research, 2023)

Genetic diversity and population structure analyses and genome-wide association studies of photoperiod sensitivity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) - S. Anjan Gowda; Fred M. Bourland; Baljinder Kaur; Don C. Jones; Vasu Kuraparthy (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023)

The effect of light intensity, spectrum, and photoperiod on the physiological performance of Asparagopsis taxiformis tetrasporophytes - Gal Dishon; Hannah M. Resetarits; Brandon Tsai; Ashley L. Jones; Vinayak Agarwal; Jennifer E. Smith (Algal Research, 2023)

Advancing our understanding of biological invasions with long-term biomonitoring data - Phillip J. Haubrock; Laís Carneiro; Rafael L. Macêdo; Paride Balzani; Ismael Soto; Jes Jessen Rasmussen; Peter Wiberg-Larsen; Zoltan Csabai; Gábor Várbíró; John Francis Murphy; J. Iwan Jones; Ralf C. M. Verdonschot; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2023)
The use of long-term datasets is crucial in ecology because it provides a comprehensive understanding of natural fluctuations, changes in ecosystems over extended periods of time, and robust comparisons across geographical scales. This information is critical in detecting and analysing trends and patterns in species populations, community dynamics, and ecosystem functioning, which in turn helps in predicting future changes and impacts of human activities. Additionally, long-term data sets allow for the evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation efforts and management strategies, enabling scientists and decision makers to make evidence-based decisions for biodiversity conservation. Although the use of long-term data is recognized as highly important in several scientific disciplines, its usage remains undervalued regarding questions in invasion science. Here, we used four regional subsets (i.e. England, Hungary, Denmark and the Dutch-German-Luxembourg) of a recently collated long-term time series database to investigate the abundance and dynamics of occurring non-native species over space and time in Europe. While we found differences in the numbers of non-native species across the studied regions (Dutch-German-Luxembourg region = 37; England = 17, Hungary = 34; Denmark = 3), non-native species detection rates were continuous over time. Our results further show that long-term monitoring efforts at large spatial scales can substantially increase the accuracy and rate at which non-native species are detected. This information can inform management endeavours dealing with non-native species, underlining the need for invasion scientists and authorities-stakeholders to make more effort in collecting, analysing and making available long-term datasets at broader geographic ranges.

Maze design: size and number of choices impact fish performance in cognitive assays - Nick A. R. Jones; Daphne Cortese; Amelia Munson; Helen C. Spence‐Jones; Zoe Storm; Shaun S. Killen; Ruth Bethel; Amy E. Deacon; Mike M. Webster; Libor Závorka (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
Although studies on fish cognition are increasing, consideration of how methodological details influence the ability to detect and measure performance is lagging. Here, in two separate experiments the authors compared latency to leave the start position, latency to make a decision, levels of participation and success rates (whether fish entered the rewarded chamber as first choice) across different physical designs. Experiments compared fish performance across (a) two sizes of T‐mazes, large and standard, and a plus‐maze, and (b) open choice arenas with either two or four doors. Fish in T‐mazes with longer arms took longer to leave the start chamber and were less likely to participate in a trial than fish in T‐mazes with shorter arms. The number of options, or complexity, in a maze significantly impacted success but did not necessarily impact behavioural measures, and did not impact the number of fish that reached a chamber. Fish in the plus‐maze had similar latencies to leave the start box and time to reach any chamber as fish in the same‐sized T‐maze but exhibited lower overall success. Similarly, in an open choice arena, increasing the number of options – doors to potential reward chambers − resulted in lower probability of success. There was an influence of reward position in the choice arena, with rewarded chambers closest to the sides of the arena resulting in lower latencies to enter and higher probability of decision success. Together the results allow the authors to offer practical suggestions towards optimal maze design for studies of fish cognition.

Photocatalytic fixation of NOx in soils - Antonio R. Sánchez-Rodríguez; Elena Gómez-Álvarez; José M. Méndez; Ute M. Skiba; Davey L. Jones; Dave R. Chadwick; María C. del Campillo; Raphael BA. Fernandes; Jörg Kleffmann; Vidal Barrón (Chemosphere, 2023)

Impact of ship noise on the underwater soundscape of Eclipse Sound in the northeastern Canadian Arctic - Joshua M. Jones; Kristin H. Westdal; Alexander J. Ootoowak; Sean M. Wiggins; John A. Hildebrand (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Devaluation Effects in Food-Specific Response Inhibition Training: A Conceptual Replication - L. Tzavella; C.R. Pennington; K.S. Button; F. Abdullahi; E. Aboaba; Z. Abutayeh; N. Bushell; A. Caddle; S. Chi Chan; A. Denman; C. Gabe-Jones; M. Mushongah; et al. (Appetite, 2023)

Marsh archive reveals human population history and future implications for estuarine health in Long Island Sound - Sharelle Pampo Copple; Dorothy M. Peteet; Deborah Balk; Clara Chang; Bryan Jones; Maria Tzortziou (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

A Comparison of Infant Diet Quality Indices in Infants 7-12 Months Old - S. Foster; D. Jacobvitz; L. Hernandez; H. Jones; M. Abrego; E. Widen (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023)

When are environmental DNA early detections of invasive species actionable? - Adam J. Sepulveda; Christine E. Dumoulin; Denise L. Blanchette; John McPhedran; Colin Holme; Nathan Whalen; Margaret E. Hunter; Christopher M. Merkes; Catherine A. Richter; Matthew E. Neilson; Wesley M. Daniel; Devin N. Jones; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Boron isotopes in Central American volcanics indicate a key role for the subducting oceanic crust - Stephen J. Turner; Mattison H. Barickman; Julian Rodriguez; David A. Fike; Clive M. Jones; Kun Wang; Ivan P. Savov; Samuele Agostini; Michael J. Krawczynski; Rita Parai (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Arctic geohazard mapping tools for civil infrastructure planning: A systematic review - Ziyi Wang; Ming Xiao; Min Liew; Anne Jensen; Louise Farquharson; Vladimir Romanovsky; Dmitry Nicolsky; Christopher McComb; Benjamin M. Jones; Xiong Zhang; Lilian Alessa (Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2023)

Lethal and sublethal effects towards zebrafish larvae of microcystins and other cyanopeptides produced by cyanobacteria - Mariana de Almeida Torres; Martin R. Jones; Colette vom Berg; Ernani Pinto; Elisabeth M.-L. Janssen (Aquatic Toxicology, 2023)

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2022 Annual Report - Alexandra M. Amaducci; Sharan L. Campleman; Shao Li; Dana L. Karshenas; Meghan B. Spyres; Lynn A. Farrugia; A. Min Kang; Rachel E. Culbreth; Paul M. Wax; Jeffrey Brent; Kim Aldy; Jennifer Acciani; et al. (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Monitoring and simulating landscape changes: how do long-term changes in land use and long-term average climate affect regional biophysical conditions in southern Malawi? - C. Nkolokosa; Russell Stothard; Christopher M. Jones; Michelle Stanton; James Chirombo; Julie-Anne Akiko Tangena (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)
We set out to reveal the effects of long-term changes in land use and long-term average climate on the regional biophysical environment in southern Malawi. Object-oriented supervised image classification was performed on Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images from 1990 to 2020 to identify and quantify past and present land use-land cover changes using a support vector machine classifier. Subsequently, using 2000 and 2010 land use-land cover in an artificial neural network, land use-land cover for 2020 driven by elevation, slope, precipitation and temperature, population density, poverty, distance to major roads, and distance to villages data was simulated. Between 1990 and 2020, area of land cover increased in built-up (209%), bare land (10%), and cropland (10%) and decreased in forest (30%), herbaceous (4%), shrubland (20%), and water area (20%). Overall, the findings reveal that southern Malawi is dominantly an agro-mosaic landscape shaped by the combined effects of urban and agricultural expansions and climate. The findings also suggest the need to enhance the machine learning algorithms to improve capacity for landscape modelling and, ultimately, prevention, preparedness, and response to environmental risks.

Roles of depth, current speed, and benthic cover in shaping gorgonian assemblages at the Palm Islands (Great Barrier Reef) - Marta Panero; G. F. Galbraith; M. Srinivasan; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2023)
Gorgonians are a diverse and conspicuous component of coral reef ecosystems, providing habitat structure that supports unique assemblages of fishes and invertebrates. Evaluating their overall importance as ecological engineers requires an understanding of their spatial patterns of distribution, abundance and assemblage composition, and the biophysical factors that drive these patterns. No baseline data are available on the spatial patterns of distribution of gorgonians for the Great Barrier Reef. In this study, we quantified the abundance, genera richness, and composition of gorgonian assemblages using video surveys at three depths (5, 10, and 15 m) at 16 locations at the Palm Islands, an inshore island group in the central Great Barrier Reef. We compared gorgonian abundance and genera richness between depths and assessed the role of benthic habitat in structuring gorgonian communities. We also conducted a preliminary investigation of the potential role of water currents in driving gorgonian spatial patterns in the Palm Islands, using in situ current meters. Gorgonian abundance and genera richness consistently increased with depth, although the magnitude of the depth effect varied among locations. Abundance increased with increasing percent cover of rubble and conversely declined with increasing cover of hard corals. The composition of gorgonian assemblages also varied among depths, with whip ( Junceella , Viminella ) and fan ( Acanthogorgia , Anthogorgia , Annella ) growth forms being dominant at depths of 5 and 10 m, and branching ( Dichotella , Icilogorgia ) and candelabrum ( Ctenocella ) forms being dominant at 15 m. The shallow gorgonian assemblage was associated with high coral cover, whilst the deeper assemblage was associated with high per cent cover of rubble, turf and/or macroalgae. This study highlighted that the abundance, diversity, and composition of gorgonian assemblages on coral reefs in the Palm Islands are determined by a range of biophysical factors linked to depth. Further work is required to isolate the primary drivers of these depth-related effects and evaluate their relative importance.

Functional traits explain waterbirds' host status, subtype richness, and community‐level infection risk for avian influenza - Shenglai Yin; Ning Li; Wenjie Xu; Daniel J. Becker; Willem F. de Boer; Chi Xu; Taej Mundkur; Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones; Chunlin Li; Guan‐zhu Han; Qiang Wu; Diann J. Prosser; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2023)
Species functional traits can influence pathogen transmission processes, and consequently affect species' host status, pathogen diversity, and community‐level infection risk. We here investigated, for 143 European waterbird species, effects of functional traits on host status and pathogen diversity (subtype richness) for avian influenza virus at species level. We then explored the association between functional diversity and HPAI H5Nx occurrence at the community level for 2016/17 and 2021/22 epidemics in Europe. We found that both host status and subtype richness were shaped by several traits, such as diet guild and dispersal ability, and that the community‐weighted means of these traits were also correlated with community‐level risk of H5Nx occurrence. Moreover, functional divergence was negatively associated with H5Nx occurrence, indicating that functional diversity can reduce infection risk. Our findings highlight the value of integrating trait‐based ecology into the framework of diversity–disease relationship, and provide new insights for HPAI prediction and prevention.

P16-52: Modulation of GABA activity: Investigations in hiPSC-derived neuronal co-cultures and human ion channel assays - K. Rockley; B. Kelly; K. Jones; R. Roberts; M. Morton (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Associations of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with pubertal development and reproductive hormones in females and males: The HOME study - Yun Liu; Antonia M. Calafat; Aimin Chen; Bruce P. Lanphear; Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones; Kim M. Cecil; Susan R. Rose; Kimberly Yolton; Jessie P. Buckley; Joseph M. Braun (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Rapid fCO2 rise in the northern Barents Sea and Nansen Basin - Ylva Ericson; Agneta Fransson; Melissa Chierici; Elizabeth M. Jones; Ingunn Skjelvan; Abdirahman Omar; Are Olsen; Meike Becker (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Integrating petrophysical, geological and geomechanical modelling to assess stress states, overpressure development and compartmentalisation adjacent to a salt wall, gulf of Mexico - J. Obradors-Prats; E.E. Calderon Medina; S.J. Jones; M. Rouainia; A.C. Aplin; A.J.L. Crook (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Increasing concentration of pure micro- and macro-LDPE and PP plastic negatively affect crop biomass, nutrient cycling, and microbial biomass - Martine Graf; Lucy M. Greenfield; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Gwion B. Williams; Charles Onyije; Charlotte E.M. Lloyd; Ian D. Bull; Richard P. Evershed; Peter N. Golyshin; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isobutyl salicylate, CAS Registry Number 87-19-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, propyl phenethyl acetal, CAS registry number 7493-57-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, sssmenthadiene-7-methyl formate, CAS registry number 68683-20-5 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; MsA. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline, CAS registry number 34413-35-9 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, (Z)-5-(3-hexenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, CAS Registry Number 63095-33-0 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methyldecanal, CAS Registry Number 19009-56-4 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, nerol, CAS Registry Number 106-25-2 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; M. Date; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, CAS Registry number 23787-80-6 - A.M. Api; D. Belsito; D. Botelho; M. Bruze; G.A. Burton; M.A. Cancellieri; H. Chon; M.L. Dagli; W. Dekant; C. Deodhar; A.D. Fryer; L. Jones; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Opportunities, approaches and challenges to the engagement of citizens in filling small water body data gaps - M. Kelly-Quinn; J. N. Biggs; S. Brooks; P. Fortuño; S. Hegarty; J. I. Jones; F. Regan (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
Monitoring the condition (water quality, biodiversity, hydromorphology) of small water bodies presents a challenge for the relevant authorities in terms of time and resources (labour and financial) due to the extensive length of the stream network or the sheer number of small standing water bodies. Citizen science can help address information gaps, but the effort required should not be underestimated if such projects are to generate reliable and sustained data collection. The overall aim of this paper is to propose a framework for operationalisation of citizen science targeting collection of data from small water bodies. We first consider the data gaps and the elements (water chemistry, ecology, hydromorphology) to be addressed, in order to define where citizen science could best make an impact. We review examples of tools and methods that are appropriate for small water bodies, based on experience from a selection of freshwater citizen science projects, and the support that is needed for effective and sustained small water body projects across Europe.

Online citizen science with the Zooniverse for analysis of biological volumetric data - Patricia Smith; Oliver N. F. King; Avery Pennington; Win Tun; Mark Basham; Martin L. Jones; Lucy M. Collinson; Michele C. Darrow; Helen Spiers (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2023)
Public participation in research, also known as citizen science, is being increasingly adopted for the analysis of biological volumetric data. Researchers working in this domain are applying online citizen science as a scalable distributed data analysis approach, with recent research demonstrating that non-experts can productively contribute to tasks such as the segmentation of organelles in volume electron microscopy data. This, alongside the growing challenge to rapidly process the large amounts of biological volumetric data now routinely produced, means there is increasing interest within the research community to apply online citizen science for the analysis of data in this context. Here, we synthesise core methodological principles and practices for applying citizen science for analysis of biological volumetric data. We collate and share the knowledge and experience of multiple research teams who have applied online citizen science for the analysis of volumetric biological data using the Zooniverse platform ( www.zooniverse.org ). We hope this provides inspiration and practical guidance regarding how contributor effort via online citizen science may be usefully applied in this domain.

Spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants and impact of local meteorology on source influence on pollutants’ level in a traffic air-shed in Lagos megacity, Nigeria - Ayodele P. Olufemi; Olusegun G. Fawole; Oyediran K. Owoade; Olalekan A. M. Popoola; Roderic L. Jones; Adekunle B. Toyeje; Pelumi O. Abiodun; Opeyemi R. Omokungbe; Olawale E. Abiye; Lukman A. Sunmonu (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)

To Remediate or Not? Source Identification in an Acid Mine Drainage Stream, Warden Gulch, Colorado - Matthew M. Jones; Robert L. Runkel; Diane M. McKnight (Mine Water and the Environment, 2023)

Low rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in deceased tissue donors - Melissa A. Greenwald; Eduard Grebe; Valerie Green; Alyce Linthurst Jones; Jeffrey M. Linnen; Phillip Williamson; Michael P. Busch; Matthew J. Kuehnert (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2023)
Given the possibility for disease transmission, this study was performed to determine whether there is detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the blood of deceased tissue donors. A retrospective analysis of blood samples from eligible deceased tissue donors from Oct 2019 through June 2020 was performed. Plasma aliquots were initially tested with a SARS-CoV-2 NAT Assay; positive samples were further tested using an alternate NAT and an antibody assay. The proportion of donors with confirmed RNAemia and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Of donor samples collected in 2019, 894 yielded valid results, with 6 initially positive, none of which confirmed positive by alternate NAT. Of donor samples collected in 2020, 2562 yielded valid initial NAT results, with 21 (0.8%) initially positive. Among those, 3 were confirmed by alternate NAT, 17 were not confirmed, and 1 had an invalid alternate NAT result. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in deceased tissue donors is approximately 1 per 1000, and it is unknown whether this RNAemia reflects the presence of infectious virus. Given these results, the risk of transmission through tissue is thought likely to be low.

Mosaic interplay of floral diversity, soil properties, disturbance intensity and elevation in the riparian ecosystem under semi-subsistence agriculture of Cordillera Central Range, Northern Philippines - Minerva M. Dulnuan; Jones T. Napaldet (Aquatic Ecology, 2023)

Shelf break exchange processes influence the availability of the northern shortfin squid, Illex illecebrosus , in the Northwest Atlantic - Sarah L. Salois; Kimberly J. W. Hyde; Adrienne Silver; Brooke A. Lowman; Avijit Gangopadhyay; Glen Gawarkiewicz; Anna J. M. Mercer; John P. Manderson; Sarah K. Gaichas; Daniel J. Hocking; Benjamin Galuardi; Andrew W. Jones; et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 2023)
The United States Northern Shortfin squid fishery is known for its large fluctuations in catch at annual scales. In the last 5 years, this fishery has experienced increased availability of Illex illecebrosus along the Northeast US continental shelf (NES), resulting in high catch per unit effort (CPUE) and early fishery closures due to quota exceedance. The fishery occurs within the Northwest Atlantic, whose complex dynamics are set up by the interplay between the large‐scale Gulf Stream, mesoscale eddies, Shelfbreak Jet, and shelf‐slope exchange processes. Our ability to understand and quantify this regional variability is requisite for understanding the availability patterns of Illex , which are largely influenced by oceanographic conditions. In an effort to advance our current understanding of the seasonal and interannual variability in this species' relative abundance on the NES, we used generalized additive models to examine the relationships between the physical environment and hotspots of productivity to changes in CPUE of I. illecebrosus in the Southern stock component, which comprises the US fishery. Specifically, we derived oceanographic indicators by pairing high‐resolution remote sensing data and global ocean reanalysis physical data to high‐resolution fishery catch data. We identified a suite of environmental covariates that were strongly related to instances of higher catch rates. In particular, bottom temperature, warm core rings, subsurface features, and frontal dynamics together serve as indicators of habitat condition and primary productivity hotspots, providing great utility for understanding the distribution of Illex with the potential for forecasting seasonal and interannual availability.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Effects of a brief HIIT intervention on cognitive performance in older women - Amani M. Norling; Adam Gerstenecker; Mark S. Bolding; Lawrence Ver Hoef; Thomas Buford; Randall Walden; Hongyu An; Chunwei Ying; Terina Myers; Benjamin S. Jones; Victor Del Bene; Ronald M. Lazar (GeroScience, 2023)

Socio-oceanography: an opportunity to integrate marine social and natural sciences - Ekaterina Popova; Yevgeny Aksenov; Laurent O. Amoudry; Amani Becker; Lucy Bricheno; Jennifer M. Brown; Michael A. Clare; Alan Evans; Claire Evans; Sara E. Fowell; Svetlana Jevrejeva; Zoe Jacobs; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Marine natural sciences have been instrumental in helping society understand how ocean systems operate and the threats they face. However, there is a growing realisation that the societal challenges related to the marine environment can only be addressed through more effective integration with all aspects of social sciences. Nevertheless, to date, social sciences remain insufficiently integrated into marine research. Recognising historical weaknesses and drawing on the authors’ own experience of interdisciplinary research, albeit writing primarily from a natural marine science perspective, we propose a series of steps to promote integrated marine research inclusive of strong social science. We suggest that changing the perspectives and attitudes of natural scientists is key. The inherent interconnectivity between the ocean and society ensures that nearly everything we do in the marine natural sciences has the potential to influence and, perhaps address, ongoing and future societal challenges. Consequently, a key challenge for natural scientists is to recognise and communicate this in an accessible manner outside their own disciplines. To attempt to address these issues, we introduce the concept of “Socio-oceanography” which we define as an area of research that takes a “whole system” approach to the marine environment. It focuses on the challenges which require advancement of both natural and social science components, especially on those where the feedbacks between social and natural components are beginning to emerge. Here, we discuss its scope, challenges to its effective application and key steps to catalyse interdisciplinary approaches using this concept.

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Ten Years of Lessons Learned and Adjustments in Practice from the WorldWideWEB Consortium - Adam A. Dmytriw; Mahmoud Dibas; Sherief Ghozy; Nimer Adeeb; Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro; Kevin Phan; Hugo H. Cuellar-Saenz; Ahmad Sweid; Sovann V. Lay; Adrien Guenego; Leonardo Renieri; Ali Al Balushi; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2023)

The faunal Ponto-Caspianization of central and western European waterways - Ismael Soto; Ross N. Cuthbert; Anthony Ricciardi; Danish A. Ahmed; Florian Altermatt; Ralf B. Schäfer; Gaït Archambaud-Suard; Núria Bonada; Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles; Zoltán Csabai; Thibault Datry; Jaimie T. A. Dick; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2023)
As alien invasive species are a key driver of biodiversity loss, understanding patterns of rapidly changing global species compositions depends upon knowledge of invasive species population dynamics and trends at large scales. Within this context, the Ponto-Caspian region is among the most notable donor regions for aquatic invasive species in Europe. Using macroinvertebrate time series collected over 52 years (1968–2020) at 265 sites across 11 central and western European countries, we examined the occurrences, invasion rates, and abundances of freshwater Ponto-Caspian fauna. We examined whether: (i) successive Ponto-Caspian invasions follow a consistent pattern of composition pioneered by the same species, and (ii) Ponto-Caspian invasion accelerates subsequent invasion rates. In our dataset, Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates increased from two species in 1972 to 29 species in 2012. This trend was parallelled by a non-significant increasing trend in the abundances of Ponto-Caspian taxa. Trends in Ponto-Caspian invader richness increased significantly over time. We found a relatively uniform distribution of Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates across Europe without any relation to the distance to their native region. The Ponto-Caspian species that arrived first were often bivalves (46.5% of cases), particularly Dreissena polymorpha , followed secondarily by amphipods (83.8%; primarily Chelicorophium curvispinum and Dikerogammarus villosus ) . The time between consecutive invasions decreased significantly at our coarse regional scale, suggesting that previous alien establishments may facilitate invasions of subsequent taxa. Should alien species continue to translocate from the Ponto-Caspian region, our results suggest a high potential for their future invasion success highly connected central and western European waters. However, each species’ population may decline after an initial ‘boom’ phase or after the arrival of new invasive species, resulting in different alien species dominating over time.

Semipermeable species boundaries create opportunities for gene flow and adaptive potential - I. Satokangas; P. Nouhaud; B. Seifert; P. Punttila; R. Schultz; M. M. Jones; J. Sirén; H. Helanterä; J. Kulmuni (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Hybridisation and gene flow can have both deleterious and adaptive consequences for natural populations and species. To better understand the extent of hybridisation in nature and the balance between its beneficial and deleterious outcomes in a changing environment, information on naturally hybridising nonmodel organisms is needed. This requires the characterisation of the structure and extent of natural hybrid zones. Here, we study natural populations of five keystone mound‐building wood ant species in the Formica rufa group across Finland. No genomic studies across the species group exist, and the extent of hybridisation and genomic differentiation in sympatry is unknown. Combining genome‐wide and morphological data, we demonstrate more extensive hybridisation than was previously detected between all five species in Finland. Specifically, we reveal a mosaic hybrid zone between Formica aquilonia , F. rufa and F. polyctena , comprising further generation hybrid populations. Despite this, we find that F. rufa , F. aquilonia , F. lugubris and F. pratensis form distinct gene pools in Finland. We also find that hybrids occupy warmer microhabitats than the nonadmixed populations of cold‐adapted F. aquilonia , and suggest that warm winters and springs, in particular, may benefit hybrids over F. aquilonia , the most abundant F. rufa group species in Finland. In summary, our results indicate that extensive hybridisation may create adaptive potential that could promote wood ant persistence in a changing climate. Additionally, they highlight the potentially significant ecological and evolutionary consequences of extensive mosaic hybrid zones, within which independent hybrid populations face an array of ecological and intrinsic selection pressures.

Population structure of Pacific green turtles: a new perspective from microsatellite DNA variation - Suzanne E. Roden; John B. Horne; Michael P. Jensen; Nancy N. FitzSimmons; George H. Balazs; Richard Farman; Jennifer Cruce Horeg; Jessy Hapdei; Maike Heidemeyer; T. Todd Jones; Lisa M. Komoroske; Colin J. Limpus; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
This study builds upon the current understanding of green turtle population genetic structure in the Pacific that has largely been based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), by examining nuclear DNA (nDNA) diversity, regional connectivity, and male-mediated gene flow. A total of 1,111 nesting green turtle samples were analyzed with 10 microsatellite markers from 20 Pacific rookeries. Population differentiation (F ST ) was significant (p <0.05) in all but 8 of 190 pairwise rookery comparisons. Pairwise F ST values and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed a defined East-West split consistent with mtDNA studies. Additionally, isolation-by-distance was evaluated with estimated effective migration surfaces (EEMS). The data indicated structure throughout the Pacific rookeries largely in agreement with stock structure defined by mtDNA studies, except for some areas on the Central American and Australian continental shelves, providing evidence of possible male-mediated gene flow. The series of analyses performed did indicate that male-mediated gene flow has likely occurred where breeding migration corridors of separate populations overlap with courtship areas. This may occur primarily along the margins of continents, including along Mexico and Central America in the East Pacific. Our study provides an ocean-wide baseline nDNA dataset for green turtle rookeries in the Pacific and reexamines the current thinking regarding the role of male turtles in the population dynamics of management units (MU) and to what extent nuclear gene flow occurs among designated MUs.

Co-occurrence of macroplastics, microplastics, and legacy and emerging plasticisers in UK soils - Alex Billings; Heather Carter; Richard K. Cross; Kevin C. Jones; M. Glória Pereira; David J. Spurgeon (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Autosub Long Range 1500: A continuous 2000 km field trial - Alexander B. Phillips; Robert Templeton; Daniel Roper; Richard Morrison; Miles Pebody; Philip M. Bagley; Rachel Marlow; Ed Chaney; James Burris; Alberto Consensi; Davide Fenucci; Francesco Fanelli; et al. (Ocean Engineering, 2023)

Bacterial physiology highlighted by the δ13C fractionation of bacteriohopanetetrol isomers - Rachel Schwartz-Narbonne; Philippe Schaeffer; Sabine K. Lengger; Jerome Blewett; D. Martin Jones; Estelle Motsch; Andrew Crombie; Mike S.-M. Jetten; Deirdre Mikkelsen; Philippe Normand; Guylaine H.L. Nuijten; Richard D. Pancost; et al. (Organic Geochemistry, 2023)

Co-curricular Immersion as a Public–Private Capacity Building Activity - Anish Reddy; Jennifer Sieg; Emily Ristevski; Shyam Sunder Polaconda; Jennifer Buck; Rebecca Guenther; Alisa M. Jones; Laurene Sweet; Matthew R. Williams; Colin K. Drummond (Biomedical Engineering Education, 2023)

Characterization of H2O vapor transport through lunar mare and lunar highland simulants at low pressures for in-situ resource utilization - Tyler P. Farr; Brant M. Jones; Thomas M. Orlando; Peter G. Loutzenhiser (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Positive associations matter: Microbial relationships drive tick microbiome composition - Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones; Benedict S. Khoo; Austin Rau; Jesse D. Berman; Erin N. Burton; Jonathan D. Oliver (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Untangling how factors such as environment, host, associations among bacterial species and dispersal predict microbial composition is a fundamental challenge. In this study, we use complementary machine‐learning approaches to quantify the relative role of these factors in shaping microbiome variation of the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis . I. scapularis is the most important vector for Borrelia burgdorferi (the causative agent for Lyme disease) in the U.S. as well as a range of other important zoonotic pathogens. Yet the relative role of the interactions between pathogens and symbionts compared to other ecological forces is unknown. We found that positive associations between microbes where the occurrence of one microbe increases the probability of observing another, including between both pathogens and symbionts, was by far the most important factor shaping the tick microbiome. Microclimate and host factors played an important role for a subset of the tick microbiome including Borrelia ( Borreliella ) and Ralstonia , but for the majority of microbes, environmental and host variables were poor predictors at a regional scale. This study provides new hypotheses on how pathogens and symbionts might interact within tick species, as well as valuable predictions for how some taxa may respond to changing climate.

Integration of Biorelevant Pediatric Dissolution Methodology into PBPK Modeling to Predict In Vivo Performance and Bioequivalence of Generic Drugs in Pediatric Populations: a Carbamazepine Case Study - Gopal Pawar; Fang Wu; Liang Zhao; Lanyan Fang; Gilbert J. Burckart; Kairui Feng; Youssef M. Mousa; Abdullah Al Shoyaib; Marie-Christine Jones; Hannah K. Batchelor (The AAPS Journal, 2023)
This study investigated the impact of gastro-intestinal fluid volume and bile salt (BS) concentration on the dissolution of carbamazepine (CBZ) immediate release (IR) 100 mg tablets and to integrate these in vitro biorelevant dissolution profiles into physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) in pediatric and adult populations to determine the biopredictive dissolution profile. Dissolution profiles of CBZ IR tablets (100 mg) were generated in 50–900 mL biorelevant adult fasted state simulated gastric and intestinal fluid (Ad-FaSSGF and Ad-FaSSIF), also in three alternative compositions of biorelevant pediatric FaSSGF and FaSSIF medias at 200 mL. This study found that CBZ dissolution was poorly sensitive to changes in the composition of the biorelevant media, where dissimilar dissolution (F2 = 46.2) was only observed when the BS concentration was changed from 3000 to 89 μM (Ad-FaSSIF vs Ped-FaSSIF 50% 14 BS). PBPK modeling demonstrated the most predictive dissolution volume and media composition to forecast the PK was 500 mL of Ad-FaSSGF/Ad-FaSSIF media for adults and 200 mL Ped-FaSSGF/FaSSIF media for pediatrics. A virtual bioequivalence simulation was conducted by using Ad-FaSSGF and/or Ad-FaSSIF 500 mL or Ped-FaSSGF and/or Ped-FaSSIF 200 mL dissolution data for CBZ 100 mg (reference and generic test) IR product. The CBZ PBPK models showed bioequivalence of the product. This study demonstrates that the integration of biorelevant dissolution data can predict the PK profile of a poorly soluble drug in both populations. Further work using more pediatric drug products is needed to verify biorelevant dissolution data to predict the in vivo performance in pediatrics. Graphical Abstract

High interannual surface p CO 2 variability in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Kitikmeot Sea - Richard P. Sims; Mohamed M. M. Ahmed; Brian J. Butterworth; Patrick J. Duke; Stephen F. Gonski; Samantha F. Jones; Kristina A. Brown; Christopher J. Mundy; William J. Williams; Brent G. T. Else (Ocean Science, 2023)
Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now free from ice for longer, as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. Yet, it remains unclear how this extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand spatial and temporal air–sea CO2 flux variability in the changing Arctic Ocean. There is also uncertainty as to whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Ikaluqtuutiak (Cambridge Bay, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey pCO2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. Here we present 4 years of consecutive summertime pCO2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern CAA. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was −4.64 mmol m−2 d−1), but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of +3.58, −2.96, −16.79 and −0.57 mmol m−2 d−1 during the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cruises, respectively). Surface ocean pCO2 varied by up to 156 µatm between years, highlighting the importance of repeat observations in this region, as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the surface ocean pCO2 value at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air–sea CO2 flux throughout the ice-free season. However, further constraining the air–sea CO2 flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how pCO2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean pCO2 measurements made in small bays and inlets of the Kitikmeot Sea were ∼ 20–40 µatm lower than in the main channels. Surface ocean pCO2 measurements made close in time to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were ∼ 50 µatm lower than measurements made > 4 weeks after breakup. As previous basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deep shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice breakup date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO2 sink in the CAA. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO2.