A one step nested PCR method for detection of Peronospora sparsa, the downy mildew pathogen, in boysenberry (Rubus ursinus) - A. M. Herath Mudiyanselage; E. E. Jones; M. V. Jaspers; M. Walter; H. J. Ridgway (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Swedish household dust and exposure of pet cats - Jana M. Weiss; Bernt Jones; Jacco Koekkoek; Anders Bignert; Marja H. Lamoree (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a wide range of products and have been found ubiquitously in our indoor environment, and there is evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse endocrine effects, such as thyroid hormone disruption. Pet cats have a high dust intake due to their grooming behavior and have been shown to be a suitable sentinel species for assessment of toddler’s exposure. Here we used paired household dust ( n =46) and cat serum ( n =27) samples to establish whether dust is a relevant exposure pathway to PFASs. An analytical method for PFAS analysis was optimized using a low volume of cat serum samples, combining solid-phase extraction and online sample cleanup. Dust was extracted with methanol by sonication and cleaned up by addition of active carbon. In total, 27 PFASs were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The correlation between PFAS levels in dust and serum, serum lipids and thyroid hormone levels, and PFAS levels in dust between different rooms were statistically evaluated. PFOS and PFDA could be quantified in all cat serum samples (median 2300 pg/mL and 430 pg/mL, respectively), followed by PFOA (median 1100 pg/mL), quantified in 96% of the samples. The levels of 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs were determined in 65% and 92% of the serum samples, respectively, and were an order of magnitude lower (1.4–160 pg/mL). Household dust on the other hand was dominated by 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs, with a median of 65 ng/g dust and 49 ng/g dust, respectively. PFOS (median 13 ng/g dust) and PFOA (median 9 ng/g dust) were quantified in 93% of the dust samples. Only eight PFASs were detected (>LOD) in at least 50% of the samples of both matrices and could be paired. Significant correlations between cat serum and dust were found for PFOA ( r S =0.32, p <0.049) and PFUnDA ( r S =0.55, p <0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between serum total thyroxine ( r S =0.11, p <0.05) and PFNA and between serum cholesterol and PFHpA ( r S =0.46, p <0.01), PFUnDA ( r S =0.40, p <0.05), PFDoDA ( r S =0.44, p <0.01), and sum PFAS ( r S =0.48, p <0.01). In conclusion, this study confirmed that dust is a relevant exposure pathway for the ingestion of some PFASs for cats, and the serum levels of PFASs could be of relevance for the cat’s health.

Exposure to degraded coral habitat depresses oxygen uptake rate during exercise of a juvenile reef fish - Adam T. Downie; Caroline M. Phelps; Rhondda Jones; Jodie L. Rummer; Douglas P. Chivers; Maud C. O. Ferrari; Mark I. McCormick (Coral Reefs, 2021)

Intensity of grass invasion negatively correlated with population density and age structure of an endangered dune plant across its range - Scott F. Jones; Anna Kennedy; Chase M. Freeman; Karen M. Thorne (Biological Invasions, 2021)

Soil organic carbon in irrigated agricultural systems: A meta‐analysis - David Emde; Kirsten D. Hannam; Ilka Most; Louise M. Nelson; Melanie D. Jones (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Over the last 200 years, conversion of non‐cultivated land for agriculture has substantially reduced global soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in upper soil layers. Nevertheless, practices such as no‐ or reduced tillage, application of organic soil amendments, and maintenance of continuous cover can increase SOC in agricultural fields. While these management practices have been well studied, the effects on SOC of cropping systems that incorporate irrigation are poorly understood. Given the large, and expanding, agricultural landbase under irrigation across the globe, this is a critical knowledge gap for climate change mitigation. We undertook a systematic literature review and subsequent meta‐analysis of data from studies that examined changes in SOC on irrigated agricultural sites through time. We investigated changes in SOC by climate (aridity), soil texture, and irrigation method with the following objectives: (i) to examine the impact of irrigated agriculture on SOC storage; and (ii) to identify the conditions under which irrigated agriculture is most likely to enhance SOC. Overall, irrigated agriculture increased SOC stocks by 5.9%, with little effect of study length (2–47 years). However, changes in SOC varied by climate and soil depth, with the greatest increase in SOC observed on irrigated semi‐arid sites at the 0–10 cm depth (14.8%). Additionally, SOC increased in irrigated fine‐ and medium‐textured soils but not coarse‐textured soils. Furthermore, while there was no overall change to SOC in flood/furrow irrigated sites, SOC tended to increase in sprinkler irrigated sites, and decrease in drip irrigated sites, especially at depths below 10 cm. This work sheds light on the nuances of SOC change across irrigated agricultural systems, highlights the importance of studying SOC storage in deeper soils, and will help guide future research on the impacts of irrigated agriculture on SOC.

How to Meet New Global Targets in the Offshore Realms: Biophysical Guidelines for Offshore Networks of No-Take Marine Protected Areas - Daniela M. Ceccarelli; Kate Davey; Geoffrey P. Jones; Peter T. Harris; Sione V. Matoto; Jason Raubani; Leanne Fernandes (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Networks of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs), where all extractive activities are prohibited, are the most effective tool to directly protect marine ecosystems from destructive and unsustainable human activities. No-take MPAs and MPA networks have been globally implemented in coastal seas, and their success has been significantly enhanced where science-based biophysical guidelines have informed their design. Increasingly, as human pressure on marine ecosystems is expanding further offshore, governments are establishing offshore MPAs—some very large—or MPA networks. Globally, there are growing calls from scientists, non-government organisations, and national governments to set global conservation targets upwards of 30%. Given that most of the ocean is found either in the high seas or offshore within national Exclusive Economic Zones, large offshore MPAs or networks of MPAs must be a major component of these global targets for ocean protection. However, without adequate design, these offshore MPAs risk being placed to minimise conflict with economic interests, rather than to maximise biodiversity protection. This paper describes detailed biophysical guidelines that managers can use to design effective networks of no-take MPAs in offshore environments. We conducted a systematic review of existing biophysical design guidelines for networks of MPAs in coastal seas, and found consistent elements relating to size, shape, connectivity, timeframes, and representation of biophysical features. However, few of the guidelines are tailored to offshore environments, and few of the large offshore MPAs currently in place were designed systematically. We discuss how the common inshore design guidelines should be revised to be responsive to the characteristics of offshore ecosystems, including giving consideration of issues of scale, data availability, and uncertainty. We propose 10 biophysical guidelines that can be used to systematically design offshore networks of MPAs which will also contribute to the global goal of at least 30% protection globally. Finally, we offer three priority guidelines that reflect the unique conservation needs of offshore ecosystems: emphasising the need for larger MPAs; maximising the inclusion of special features that are known and mapped; and representing minimum percentages of habitats, or, where mapped, bioregions. Ultimately, MPA guidelines need to be embedded within an adaptive management framework, and have the flexibility to respond to emerging knowledge and new challenges.

Freshwater input and ocean connectivity affect habitats and trophic ecology of fishes in Arctic coastal lagoons - Kevin M. Fraley; Martin D. Robards; Matthew C. Rogers; Johanna Vollenweider; Beatrice Smith; Alex Whiting; Tahzay Jones (Polar Biology, 2021)

Pelagic and benthic ecosystems drive differences in population and individual specializations in marine predators - Sabrina Riverón; Vincent Raoult; Alastair M. M. Baylis; Kayleigh A. Jones; David J. Slip; Robert G. Harcourt (Oecologia, 2021)

Microbial biogeography through the lens of exotic species: the recent introduction and spread of the freshwater diatom Discostella asterocostata in the United States - Andrew J. Alverson; Tyler K. Chafin; Kiley A. Jones; Kalina M. Manoylov; Hillary Johnson; Matthew L. Julius; Teofil Nakov; Elizabeth C. Ruck; Edward C. Theriot; Kevin M. Yeager; Jeffery R. Stone (Biological Invasions, 2021)

Megafaunal Ecology of the Western Clarion Clipperton Zone - Jennifer M. Durden; Meagan Putts; Sarah Bingo; Astrid B. Leitner; Jeffrey C. Drazen; Andrew J. Gooday; Daniel O. B. Jones; Andrew K. Sweetman; Travis W. Washburn; Craig R. Smith (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a vast area of the central Pacific Ocean where the abyssal seabed is a focus for future polymetallic nodule mining. Broad-scale environmental gradients occur east-to-west across the CCZ seabed, including organic matter supply and nodule abundance, factors that influence benthic faunal community structure and function. A network of protected areas across the CCZ, called Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs), has been designated to cover this variation. Most previous studies of the benthic environment and megafaunal communities have focussed on the eastern CCZ, leaving the impact of these large-scale gradients unexamined and the network design untested. Seamounts are a further source of heterogeneity in the region. We examined the benthic megafaunal ecology of three APEIs in the western CCZ, spanning a range of environmental conditions. We used a combination of seabed photography and direct sampling to assess the environment and megafauna on the soft sediment habitats on the abyssal plain in three APEIs, and seamounts in two of those APEIs. We found that environmental conditions on abyssal plains differed between the three APEIs in terms of water depth, nodule abundance and coverage, sediment particle size distribution, and estimated organic matter flux. Megafauna were low density and high diversity, with few common morphotypes between sites and many morphotypes being observed only once. Xenophyophores dominated the assemblages. The density and diversity of invertebrates were greater at the sites with lower organic matter inputs and greater nodule abundance. Seamounts in the same APEIs were nodule-free and had coarser sediments than on the plain. Invertebrate megafaunal diversity was lower on the seamounts than on the plains, and most morphotypes recorded on the seamounts were only found on seamounts. Low morphotype overlap also suggests little connectivity between APEIs, and between seamounts and adjacent abyssal plains. Our results provide the first evaluation of the seabed habitats and megafaunal ecology in the western CCZ, highlighting environmental gradients that influence benthic communities, and are important for evaluating the design of the network of protected areas.

Plant spectral diversity as a surrogate for species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region - Henry A. Frye; Matthew E. Aiello‐Lammens; Douglas Euston‐Brown; Cynthia S. Jones; Hayley Kilroy Mollmann; Cory Merow; Jasper A. Slingsby; Helga van der Merwe; Adam M. Wilson; John A. Silander (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2021)
Aim With plant biodiversity under global threat, there is an urgent need to monitor the spatial distribution of multiple axes of biodiversity. Remote sensing is a critical tool in this endeavour. One remote sensing approach for detecting biodiversity is based on the hypothesis that the spectral diversity of plant communities is a surrogate of multiple dimensions of biodiversity. We investigated the generality of this ‘surrogacy’ for spectral, species, functional and phylogenetic diversity across 1,267 plots in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), a hyper‐diverse region comprising several biomes and two adjacent global biodiversity hotspots. Location The GCFR centred in south‐western and western South Africa. Time period All data were collected between 1978–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants within the GCFR. Methods Spectral diversity was calculated using leaf reflectance spectra (450–950 nm) and was related to other dimensions of biodiversity via linear models. The accuracy of different spectral diversity metrics was compared using 10‐fold cross‐validation. Results We found that a distance‐based spectral diversity metric was a robust predictor of species, functional and phylogenetic biodiversity. This result serves as a proof‐of‐concept that spectral diversity is a potential surrogate of biodiversity across a hyper‐diverse biogeographic region. While our results support the generality of spectral diversity as a biodiversity surrogate, we also find that relationships vary between different geographic subregions and biomes, suggesting that differences in broad‐scale community composition can affect these relationships. Main conclusions Spectral diversity was shown to be a robust surrogate of multiple dimensions of biodiversity across biomes and a widely varying biogeographic region. We also extend these surrogacy relationships to ecological redundancy to demonstrate the potential for additional insights into community structure based on spectral reflectance.

Mid-Late Holocene Paleoenvironmental and Sea Level Reconstruction on the Al Lith Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia - Ibrahim M. Ghandour; Aaid G. Al-Zubieri; Ali S. Basaham; Ammar A. Mannaa; Talha A. Al-Dubai; Brian G. Jones (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Late Quaternary paleoenvironments are of particular interest to understand how the Earth System’s climate will respond to the undramatic changes during this period, compared with the broader glacial-interglacial variations. In this study, a shallow sediment core (2.84 m long) retrieved from the Red Sea coastal zone in northern Ghubbat al Mahasin, south of Al-Lith, Saudi Arabia, is used to reconstruct the mid-Late Holocene paleoenvironments and sea level based on a multiproxy approach. Remote sensing data, sedimentary facies, benthic foraminiferal assemblages, δ 18 O and δ 13 C stable isotopes, elemental composition and 14 C dating were utilized. The stratigraphy of the core shows three distinctive depositional units. The basal pre 6000 year BP unit consists of unfossiliferous fine to medium sand sharply overlain by black carbonaceous mud and peat, suggesting deposition in a coastal/flood plain under a warm and humid climate. The middle unit (6000-3700 year BP) records the start and end of the marine transgression in this area. It consists of gray argillaceous sand containing bivalve and gastropod shell fragments and a benthic foraminiferal assemblage attesting a lagoonal or quiet shallow marine environment. The upper unit (<3700 year BP) consists of unfossiliferous yellowish-brown argillaceous fine-grained sands deposited on an intertidal flat. Both middle-and upper-units stack in a regressive shallowing upward pattern although they may be separated by a hiatus. The overall regressive facies and the stable isotopic data are consistent with a late Holocene sea-level fall and a change to a more arid climate.

It’s Just Conservation: To What Extent Are Marine Protected Areas in the Irish Sea Equitably Governed and Managed? - Constance M. Schéré; Kate Schreckenberg; Terence P. Dawson; Nikoleta Jones (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
It is not enough to simply designate a protected area. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Aichi Target 11, these sites should be governed and managed effectively and equitably. Equitable (i.e., fair and inclusive) conservation is vital to ensuring effective protection of natural resources while maintaining human well-being. Yet, equity tends to be overlooked in protected area assessments. Three marine protected areas (MPAs) in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland were selected to assess equitable governance and management in the Irish Sea. This is one of the first studies to assess equity across multiple stakeholder groups in MPAs. The Site-level Assessment for Governance and Equity (SAGE) toolkit, developed by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) to address the gap in equity assessments, was used to evaluate equitable governance and management in these MPAs. Based on the three dimensions of equity (recognition, distribution, and procedure), SAGE contains Likert-scale questions to assess good governance by evaluating how different stakeholder groups perceive their protected area’s management and how included they feel in decision-making. Quantitative data from SAGE is complemented by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to understand the impact MPA management has on local communities and MPA users. The results of this study reveal a lack of communication between MPA authorities and local stakeholders. They highlight the need for co-management in the form of inclusive partnerships as an alternative to the current top-down governance approach favoed in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in BRCA1/2 and Multigene Panel Testing Among Young Breast Cancer Patients - T Jones; MS Trivedi; X Jiang; T Silverman; M Underhill; WK Chung; R Kukafka; KD Crew (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)
Genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is recommended for breast cancer patients diagnosed at age ≤ 50 years. Our objective was to examine racial/ethnic differences in genetic testing frequency and results among diverse breast cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study among women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤ 50 years from January 2007 to December 2017 at Columbia University in New York, NY. Among 1503 diverse young breast cancer patients, nearly half (46.2%) completed HBOC genetic testing. Genetic testing completion was associated with younger age, family history of breast cancer, and earlier stage, but not race/ethnicity or health insurance status. Blacks had the highest frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants (18.6%), and Hispanics and Asians had the most variants of uncertain significance (VUS), 19.0% and 21.9%, respectively. The percentage of women undergoing genetic testing increased over time from 15.3% in 2007 to a peak of 72.8% in 2015. Over the same time period, there was a significant increase in P/LP and VUS results. Due to uncertainty about the clinical implications of P/LP variants in moderate penetrance genes and VUSs, our findings underscore the need for targeted genetic counseling education, particularly among young minority breast cancer patients.

The role of anthropogenic habitats in freshwater mussel conservation - Ronaldo Sousa; Dariusz Halabowski; Anna M. Labecka; Karel Douda; Olga Aksenova; Yulia Bespalaya; Ivan Bolotov; Juergen Geist; Hugh A. Jones; Ekaterina Konopleva; Michael W. Klunzinger; Carlos A. Lasso; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Anthropogenic freshwater habitats may provide undervalued prospects for long‐term conservation as part of species conservation planning. This fundamental, but overlooked, issue requires attention considering the pace that humans have been altering natural freshwater ecosystems and the accelerated levels of biodiversity decline in recent decades. We compiled 709 records of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) inhabiting a broad variety of anthropogenic habitat types (from small ponds to large reservoirs and canals) and reviewed their importance as refuges for this faunal group. Most records came from Europe and North America, with a clear dominance of canals and reservoirs. The dataset covered 228 species, including 34 threatened species on the IUCN Red List. We discuss the conservation importance and provide guidance on how these anthropogenic habitats could be managed to provide optimal conservation value to freshwater mussels. This review also shows that some of these habitats may function as ecological traps owing to conflicting management practices or because they act as a sink for some populations. Therefore, anthropogenic habitats should not be seen as a panacea to resolve conservation problems. More information is necessary to better understand the trade‐offs between human use and the conservation of freshwater mussels (and other biota) within anthropogenic habitats, given the low number of quantitative studies and the strong biogeographic knowledge bias that persists.

Flower power: floral reversion as a viable alternative to nodal micropropagation in Cannabis sativa. - A. S. Monthony; S. Bagheri; Y. Zheng; A. M. P. Jones (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2021)

Mesopelagic Scattering Layer Behaviors Across the Clarion-Clipperton Zone: Implications for Deep-Sea Mining - Jessica N. Perelman; Eric Firing; Jesse M. A. van der Grient; Benjamin A. Jones; Jeffrey C. Drazen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a 4 million km 2 area in the eastern Central Pacific Ocean exhibiting large variability in environmental parameters, particularly oxygen and primary production, that is being targeted for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining. This remote region’s pelagic biology is very poorly sampled, including for micronekton and zooplankton that provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon flux and support for commercial fisheries. We built a baseline of deep scattering layer (DSL) depths and vertical migration behaviors, proxies for mesopelagic micronekton and zooplankton communities, using shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler datasets. Acoustic data (38 kHz, 75 kHz) were compiled from research cruises passing near or through the CCZ (2004–2019), and environmental data (mean midwater oxygen partial pressure, surface chlorophyll- a , and sea surface height anomaly) were assembled from the World Ocean Atlas and satellite oceanographic datasets. Our results suggest that midwater oxygen, associated with the Eastern Tropical Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), is the strongest predictor of daytime DSL depths and the proportions of midwater populations that undergo vertical migration in this region. We used these relationships to predict micronekton and zooplankton behaviors across the CCZ, including licensed mining exploration areas and no-mining reserves. While the OMZ encompasses most licensed exploration areas, the current network of reserves lies outside of the core OMZ and ultimately may not represent or protect the pelagic OMZ fauna at highest risk from mining impacts. This research will further assist in developing resource exploitation regulations by the International Seabed Authority, and will provide mesopelagic baseline information for monitoring changes that may occur in the CCZ once industrial-scale mining begins.

A finite element–guided mathematical surrogate modeling approach for assessing occupant injury trends across variations in simplified vehicular impact conditions - P. R. Berthelson; P. Ghassemi; J. W. Wood; G. G. Stubblefield; A. J. Al-Graitti; M. D. Jones; M. F. Horstemeyer; S. Chowdhury; R. K. Prabhu (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2021)

Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Case–Control Study - Lynnette M. Jones; Rebekah Wilson; Lee Stoner; J. Chris Baldi (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2021)

Princess parrotfish Scarus taeniopterus age, growth, maturity, and transition - David Delane Jones; Jesús M. Rivera Hernández; Virginia R. Shervette (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2021)

Assessment of Flavobacterium psychrophilum ‐associated mortality in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) - Timothy J. Bruce; Jie Ma; Evan M. Jones; Brent M. Vuglar; Luke P. Oliver; Christopher Knupp; Thomas P. Loch; Kenneth D. Cain (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2021)
Salmonid diseases caused by infections of Flavobacterium psychrophilum , the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease, remain difficult to manage as novel, pathogenic strains continue to emerge in aquaculture settings globally. To date, much of the research regarding treatment options and vaccine development has focused on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), but other inland‐reared salmonids are also impacted by this Gram‐negative bacterium. As such, Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) were injection‐challenged with a variety of previously reported F. psychrophilum strains isolated from disease diagnostic cases in salmonids, as well as a standard and well‐studied F. psychrophilum strain (CSF 259–93) known to be virulent in rainbow trout. In three separate virulence assessments (Trials A, B and C), strains US063 (isolated from lake trout; Salvelinus namaycush ) and US149 (isolated from Atlantic salmon) caused a significantly higher cumulative per cent mortality (CPM) relative to other strains in Atlantic salmon ( p p =.008) and B (CPM 96% ± 2.3% vs. 81.33% ± 4.8%, p =.014). Trial C used a lower dose (1.86 × 10 8 CFU/mL) for US149, resulting in a lower mortality (78.67% ± 9.33%) relative to Trials A and B. CSF259‐93 did not cause significant mortality in any trials. In brook trout, the strain 03–179 (originally isolated from steelhead trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss ) was significantly more virulent than any other (CPM 100% ± 0%, p F. psychrophilum virulence testing in Atlantic salmon and brook trout, demonstrating the high virulence of US063 and US149 for these salmonid species. This information is applicable for the development of therapeutics and vaccines against F . psychrophilum infections and demonstrates the reproducibility of the experimental challenge model.

Seagrass Structural Traits Drive Fish Assemblages in Small-Scale Fisheries - Benjamin L. Jones; Lina M. Nordlund; Richard K. F. Unsworth; Narriman S. Jiddawi; Johan S. Eklöf (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Seagrasses – a group of foundation species in coastal ecosystems – provide key habitat for diverse and abundant faunal assemblages and support numerous ecosystem functions and services. However, whether the habitat role of seagrasses is influenced by seagrass diversity, by dominant species or both, remains unclear. To that end, we sought to investigate the specific seagrass characteristics (e.g., species diversity, seagrass traits) that influence tropical fish assemblages, and place this in the context of small-scale fishery use. We surveyed seagrass variables at 55 plots, nested within 12 sites around Zanzibar (Tanzania) in the Western Indian Ocean, and used Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) systems to assess fish assemblages across plots. Using linear mixed models, we reveal that seagrass structural complexity and depth were the best predictors of fish abundance, with higher abundance occurring in deeper meadows or meadows with high canopy, leaf length and number of leaves per shoot. Moreover, an interaction between seagrass cover and land-use was the best predictor of fish species richness, where sites closer to human impacts were less affected by cover than sites with lower human impact. Overall, models with seagrass species richness or functional diversity as predictors poorly explained fish assemblages. Fish taxa that were important for small-scale fishery sectors (e.g., emperors, snappers, rabbitfish, and parrotfish) were primarily driven by seagrass structural complexity. Our results provide a unique analysis of the relationship between seagrass habitat and its associated fish assemblages in that we show that seagrass species diversity had little effect on seagrass fish assemblages, which instead appear driven by specific seagrass traits and seagrass cover. If conserving high value species that support adjacent fisheries is the priority for protecting seagrass meadows, then seagrass areas should be chosen with high cover and structural complexity that are in deeper waters. Any conservation measures also need to balance the needs of fishers that use the resources supported by seagrasses.

Quantifying citrate-enhanced phosphate root uptake using microdialysis - D. M. McKay Fletcher; R. Shaw; A. R. Sánchez-Rodríguez; K. R. Daly; A. van Veelen; D. L. Jones; T. Roose (Plant and Soil, 2021)
Aims Organic acid exudation by plant roots is thought to promote phosphate (P) solubilisation and bioavailability in soils with poorly available nutrients. Here we describe a new combined experimental (microdialysis) and modelling approach to quantify citrate-enhanced P desorption and its importance for root P uptake. Methods To mimic the rhizosphere, microdialysis probes were placed in soil and perfused with citrate solutions (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM) and the amount of P recovered from soil used to quantify rhizosphere P availability. Parameters in a mathematical model describing probe P uptake, citrate exudation, P movement and citrate-enhanced desorption were fit to the experimental data. These parameters were used in a model of a root which exuded citrate and absorbed P. The importance of soil citrate-P mobilisation for root P uptake was then quantified using this model. Results A plant needs to exude citrate at a rate of 0.73 μmol cm −1 of root h −1 to see a significant increase in P absorption. Microdialysis probes with citrate in the perfusate were shown to absorb similar quantities of P to an exuding root. Conclusion A single root exuding citrate at a typical rate (4.3 × 10 −5 μmol m −1 of root h −1 ) did not contribute significantly to P uptake. Microdialysis probes show promise for measuring rhizosphere processes when calibration experiments and mathematical modelling are used to decouple microdialysis and rhizosphere mechanisms.

5q35 duplication presents with psychiatric and undergrowth phenotypes mediated by NSD1 overexpression and mTOR signaling downregulation - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera; Celeste C. Eno; Christine Sutanto; Kelly L. Jones; Małgorzata J. M. Nowaczyk; Derek Wong; Dawn Earl; Ghayda Mirzaa; Anita Beck; Julian A. Martinez-Agosto (Human Genetics, 2021)

Can exercise training enhance the repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning stimulus on peripheral and cerebrovascular function in high-risk individuals? - Joseph D. Maxwell; Madeleine France; Lucy E. M. Finnigan; Howard H. Carter; Dick H. J. Thijssen; Helen Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)
Background Repeated exposure to remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC; short bouts of non-lethal ischaemia) enhances peripheral vascular function within 1 week; whereas, longer periods of rIPC (~ 1 year) may improve cerebral perfusion. Increasing the ‘dose’ of rIPC may lead to superior effects. Given the similarities between exercise and rIPC, we examined whether adding exercise to the rIPC stimulus leads to greater adaptation in systemic vascular function. Methods Nineteen individuals with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomly allocated to either 8 weeks of rIPC ( n = 9) or 8 weeks of rIPC + exercise (rIPC + Ex) ( n = 10). rIPC was applied three times per week in both conditions, and exercise consisted of 50 min (70% heart rate max) of cycling 3 times per week. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after ischaemia–reperfusion (IR). Cerebrovascular function was assessed by dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and cardio-respiratory fitness ( V O 2peak ) using a maximal aerobic capacity test. Results FMD% increased by 1.6% (95% CI, 0.4, 2.8) following rIPC + Ex and by 0.3% (− 1.1, 1.5) in the only rIPC but this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.65). Neither intervention evoked a change in dCA or in CVR ( P > 0.05). V O 2peak increased by 2.8 ml/kg/min (1.7, 3.9) following the rIPC + Ex and by 0.1 ml/kg/min (− 1.0, 1.4) following the rIPC only intervention ( P = 0.69). Conclusion Combining exercise with rIPC across an 8-week intervention does not lead to superior effects in cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular function compared to a repeated rIPC intervention in individuals at risk of CVD.

High diversity, abundance and distinct fish assemblages on submerged coral reef pinnacles compared to shallow emergent reefs - G. F. Galbraith; B. J. Cresswell; M. I. McCormick; T. C. Bridge; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2021)

Seed production areas are crucial to conservation outcomes: benefits and risks of an emerging restoration tool - Jack Zinnen; Linda M. Broadhurst; Paul Gibson-Roy; Thomas A. Jones; Jeffrey W. Matthews (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2021)

The effects of weather variability on patterns of genetic diversity in Tasmanian bettongs - Kirstin M. Proft; Brooke L. Bateman; Christopher N. Johnson; Menna E. Jones; Matthew Pauza; Christopher P. Burridge (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
While the effects of climate (long‐term, prevailing weather) on species abundance, range and genetic diversity have been widely studied, short‐term, localized variations in atmospheric conditions (i.e., weather) can also rapidly alter species’ geographical ranges and population sizes, but little is known about how they affect genetic diversity. We investigated the relationship between weather and range‐wide genetic diversity in a marsupial, Bettongia gaimardi , using dynamic species distribution models (SDMs). Genetic diversity was lower in parts of the range where the weather‐based SDM predicted high variability in probability of B. gaimardi occurrence during 1950–2009. This is probably an effect of lower population sizes and extinction–recolonization cycles in places with highly variable weather. Spatial variation in genetic diversity was also better predicted by mean probabilities of B. gaimardi occurrence from weather‐ than climate‐based SDMs. Our results illustrate the importance of weather in driving population dynamics and species distributions on decadal timescales and thereby in affecting genetic diversity. Modelling the links between changing weather patterns, species distributions and genetic diversity will allow researchers to better forecast biological impacts of climate change.

Interspecies bacterial communication produces a delicate balance between Vibrio cholerae and the chironomid egg mass microbiome - Jonathan D. Oliver; Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is considered by the World Health Organization to be one of the ten most concerning public health threats facing humanity (World Health Organization, 2020). Bacterial diseases previously controllable by antibiotics are resurging and treatment options are dwindling. Cholera is one such disease. Human pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae cause as many as 4 million cases of disease resulting in over 100,000 deaths each year (Ali et al. 2015) and multidrug‐resistant V . cholerae is now established where pandemic cholera persists. Vibrio cholerae is fundamentally an aquatic species thriving in brackish and estuarial waters. Its environmental prevalence, together with both extracellular and intracellular infection of alternative arthropod and mollusc hosts, produces a highly complex ecological milieu that is not well understood. With the absence of reliable antibiotic‐based treatment options, it is necessary to build a better understanding of V . cholerae biology and ecology in order to develop alternative methods for risk modelling and disease control. In this issue of Molecular Ecology , authors Sela, Hammer, and Halpern experimentally investigated a mechanism by which V . cholerae pathogenicity is affected by interspecies quorum sensing involving an array of bacterial species from the microbiome of an alternative arthropod host, the egg mass of a chironomid midge ( Diptera : Chironomidae ) (Sela et al. 2020). Quorum sensing is a mechanism whereby bacteria communicate with each other using autoinducers and is known to be important, for example, in shaping virulence in a variety of pathogenic bacteria. The innovative methodologies they used, both in molecular and protein biology and reductive investigative microbiomics, are helping to develop the tools needed for understanding this understudied ecological system and fighting cholera in a post‐antibiotic world.

Diatom response to alterations in upwelling and nutrient dynamics associated with climate forcing in the California Current System - Ivia Closset; Heather M. McNair; Mark A. Brzezinski; Jeffrey W. Krause; Kimberlee Thamatrakoln; Janice L. Jones (Limnology and Oceanography, 2021)
The California Current System displays a strong seasonal cycle in water properties, circulation, and biological production. Interactions of the alongshore current with coastal and topographic features lead to high spatial variability forced by seasonal winds that displace surface coastal water offshore. This process also supplies nutrients to the euphotic zone by Ekman transport and eventually supports phytoplankton blooms typically dominated by diatoms. Here, we investigate the relationship between biogenic silica production and mesoscale upwelling dynamics along the central region of the California Current System between 2013 and 2015, a period affected by a warm anomaly known as “the Blob.” Changes in the upwelling phenology along California caused by this marine heatwave are investigated using an innovative index and related to patterns of diatom production during upwelling events to evaluate diatom resilience. Based on this new index, we estimated that the nutrient supply to the euphotic zone declined by 50% during the Blob, but the Blob had little impact on local production during individual upwelling events. A statistical analysis evaluating the relationship between production and environmental conditions reveals persistent biological hotspots characterized by high biomass, depleted nutrients, and high specific production rates (up to 0.7 d −1 ) throughout the study period. Lower observed biogenic silica to Chlorophyll a ratios during the Blob suggested a taxonomic shift from siliceous to nonsiliceous phytoplankton and/or lightly silicified diatoms signaling a change at the base of the food chain that could have ramifications for productivity in this eastern boundary coastal upwelling system.

The bean method as a tool to measure sensitive behavior - Sorrel Jones; Sarah Papworth; Aidan M. Keane; Juliet Vickery; Freya A. V. St John (Conservation Biology, 2021)
Conservationists need to measure human behavior to guide decisions and evaluate their impact. However, activities can be misreported and reporting accuracy may change following conservation interventions, making it hard to verify any apparent changes. Techniques for asking sensitive questions are increasingly integrated into survey designs to improve data quality, but some can be costly or hard for nonexperts to implement. We demonstrate a straightforward, low‐cost approach, the bean method in which respondents give anonymous answers by adding a colored bean to a jar to denote a yes or no response. We applied the bean method to measure wild‐meat hunting and trading over 2 years at a conservation‐project (hunting reduction) site in Gola Forest, Liberia. We extended the technique to accommodate questions about hunting and meat‐selling frequency. We compared responses given using the bean method and direct questioning for groups that did and did not participate in conservation interventions. Results from the bean method corresponded to those from direct questioning, and there was no indication of change in question sensitivity following conservation interventions. Estimates from both methods indicated that wild‐meat trading decreased in project and nonproject households (from 36% to 20%) and that hunting decreased in 1 project group (38–28%). Where inconsistent answers were given (2–6% of respondents), differences were in both directions and were most likely attributable to measurement error. The bean method was quick and straightforward to administer in a low‐literacy setting. We showed how it can be modified for answers of more than 2 categories and consider it a valuable tool that could be adapted for a wide range of conservation settings.

AAPS Perspective on the EURL Recommendation on the use of Non-Animal-Derived Antibodies - B. Gorovits; A. Hays; D. Jani; C. Jones; C. King; A. Lundequist; J. Mora; M. Partridge; D. Pathania; S. S. Ramaswamy; D. Rutwij; H. Shen; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2021)

Southern Giant Petrels Macronectes giganteus depredating breeding Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses Thalassarche chlororhynchos on Gough Island - Michelle M. Risi; Christopher W. Jones; Alexis M. Osborne; Antje Steinfurth; Steffen Oppel (Polar Biology, 2021)

Genetic analysis of endometriosis and depression identifies shared loci and implicates causal links with gastric mucosa abnormality - Emmanuel O. Adewuyi; Divya Mehta; Yadav Sapkota; Yadav Sapkota; Kosuke Yoshihara; Mette Nyegaard; Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Andrew P. Morris; Amelie Fassbender; Nilufer Rahmioglu; Immaculata De Vivo; Julie E. Buring; et al. (Human Genetics, 2021)

Evaluating transdisciplinary research practices: insights from social network analysis - T. Steelman; A. Bogdan; C. Mantyka-Pringle; L. Bradford; M. G. Reed; S. Baines; J. Fresque-Baxter; T. Jardine; S. Shantz; R. Abu; K. Staples; Evan Andrews; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2021)
Transdisciplinary researchers collaborate with diverse partners outside of academia to tackle sustainability problems. The patterns and practices of social interaction and the contextual nature of transdisciplinary research result in different performance expectations than traditional, curiosity-driven research. Documenting patterns of interaction can inform project success and affirm progress toward interim outcomes on the way to achieve sustainability impacts. Yet providing credible and robust indicators of research activity remains challenging. We provide quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing transdisciplinary practices and patterns through social network analysis (SNA). Our assessment developed four criteria to reveal how SNA metrics provide insight into (1) diversity of participants; (2) whether and how integration and collaboration are occurring, (3) the relative degrees of network stability and fragility, and (4) how the network is structured to achieve its goals. These four key criteria can be used to help identify patterns of research activity and determine whether interim progress is occurring.

Sharing and reporting benefits from biodiversity research - Emily Marden; Richard J. Abbott; Frédéric Austerlitz; Daniel Ortiz‐Barrientos; Regina S. Baucom; Pim Bongaerts; Aurélie Bonin; Camille Bonneaud; Luke Browne; C. Alex Buerkle; Ana L. Caicedo; David W. Coltman; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2021)

Northern Shortfin Squid (Illex illecebrosus) Fishery Footprint on the Northeast US Continental Shelf - Brooke A. Lowman; Andrew W. Jones; Jeffrey P. Pessutti; Anna M. Mercer; John P. Manderson; Benjamin Galuardi (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Northern shortfin squid ( Illex illecebrosus ) have presented a challenge for US fishery management because of their life history traits and broad population distribution. They are characterized by a short semelparous lifespan and high interannual variability in recruitment. Much of the stock resides outside of the boundaries of existing US fisheries surveys and US fishing effort. Based on the annual migration pattern and broad geographic distribution of shortfin squid, it is believed that the US squid fishery in the Mid-Atlantic has not had a substantial impact on the stock; however, recent catches are viewed as tightly constrained by quotas. To better estimate the potential impact of fishing on the resource, we worked with industry representatives, scientists, and managers to estimate the availability of the northern shortfin squid stock on the US continental shelf to the US fishery. Taking a novel analytical approach, we combine a model-based estimate of the area occupied by northern shortfin squid with the empirical US commercial shortfin squid fishery footprint to produce estimates of the area of overlap. Because our method overestimates the fishery footprint and underestimates the full distribution of the stock, we suggest that our estimates of the overlap between the area occupied by the squid and the fishery footprint is a way to develop a conservative estimate of the potential fishery impact on the stock. Our findings suggest a limited degree of overlap between the US fishery and the modeled area occupied by the squid on the US continental shelf, with a range of 1.4–36.3%. The work demonstrates the value of using high-resolution, spatially explicit catch and effort data in a species distribution model to inform management of short-lived and broadly distributed species, such as the northern shortfin squid.

Recommendations for the Standardisation of Open Taxonomic Nomenclature for Image-Based Identifications - Tammy Horton; Leigh Marsh; Brian J. Bett; Andrew R. Gates; Daniel O. B. Jones; Noëlie M. A. Benoist; Simone Pfeifer; Erik Simon-Lledó; Jennifer M. Durden; Leen Vandepitte; Ward Appeltans (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
This paper recommends best practice for the use of open nomenclature (ON) signs applicable to image-based faunal analyses. It is one of numerous initiatives to improve biodiversity data input to improve the reliability of biological datasets and their utility in informing policy and management. Image-based faunal analyses are increasingly common but have limitations in the level of taxonomic precision that can be achieved, which varies among groups and imaging methods. This is particularly critical for deep-sea studies owing to the difficulties in reaching confident species-level identifications of unknown taxa. ON signs indicate a standard level of identification and improve clarity, precision and comparability of biodiversity data. Here we provide examples of recommended usage of these terms for input to online databases and preparation of morphospecies catalogues. Because the processes of identification differ when working with physical specimens and with images of the taxa, we build upon previously provided recommendations for specific use with image-based identifications.

Allelic response of yield component traits to resource availability in spring wheat - Brittney H. Jones; Nancy K. Blake; Hwa-Young Heo; John M. Martin; Jessica A. Torrion; Luther E. Talbert (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021)

Phenological tracking of a seasonal climate window in a recovering tropical island bird species - Joseph Taylor; Malcolm A. C. Nicoll; Emily Black; Caroline M. Wainwright; Carl G. Jones; Vikash Tatayah; Pier Luigi Vidale; Ken Norris (Climatic Change, 2021)
Constraints on evolutionary adaptation and range shifts mean that phenotypic plasticity, which includes physiological, developmental or behavioural responses to environmental conditions, could be an important mode of adaptation to a changing climate for many species with small insular populations. While there is evidence to suggest adaptive plasticity to climate in some island populations, little is known about this capacity in species that have experienced a severe population bottleneck. In a changing climate, plasticity in the timing of life-history events, such as in breeding phenology, is adaptive if timing is optimised in seasonal environments, although these processes are poorly understood for tropical species. Here, we quantify the effects of climate on the breeding phenology and success of the Mauritius kestrel ( Falco punctatus ), a tropical raptor whose extinction has been averted by conservation management. We show that the timing of egg-laying is advancing in response to warming, at rates similar to temperate bird populations. Individual females show plasticity to temperature, although there is limited variation among individual responses. We show that advances in breeding phenology are likely to be adaptive, as they track changes in a seasonal climate window of favourable conditions, defined by late winter-early spring temperatures and the onset of the summer rainy season. Our results provide a rare example of a small and bottlenecked insular population that has adjusted to recent climate change through phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, seasonal climate windows and their dynamics may be widespread mechanisms through which tropical species are impacted by and respond to climate change.

Computational Models Provide Insight into In Vivo Studies and Reveal the Complex Role of Fibrosis in mdx Muscle Regeneration - Kelley M. Virgilio; Brian K. Jones; Emily Y. Miller; Elnaz Ghajar-Rahimi; Kyle S. Martin; Shayn M. Peirce; Silvia S. Blemker (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Genetic evidence supports a range extension for the Brazilian cownose ray Rhinoptera brasiliensis in the western North Atlantic - Helen K. Weber; Christian M. Jones; Matthew J. Ajemian; Michael P. McCallister; Brent L. Winner; Gregg R. Poulakis; Dana M. Bethea; Lisa D. Hollensead; Daniel Zapf; John D. Swenson; Jill M. Hendon; Toby S. Daly‐Engel; et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
We report 24 new records of the Brazilian cownose ray Rhinoptera brasiliensis outside its accepted geographic range. Sequencing of a 442‐base pair portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene for 282 Rhinoptera samples revealed eight records off the east coast of the USA and 16 from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Both sexes of all life stages were documented in all seasons over multiple years in the Indian River and Lake Worth lagoons, Florida, indicating that their range extends further in the western North Atlantic than previously described.

High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral‐ and algae‐dominated reef communities - Florian Roth; Nils RAdecker; Susana Carvalho; Carlos M. Duarte; Vincent Saderne; Andrea Anton; Luis Silva; Maria Ll. Calleja; XosÉ Anxelu G. MorÁn; Christian R. Voolstra; Benjamin Kürten; Burton H. Jones; et al. (Ecology, 2021)
Shifts from coral to algal dominance are expected to increase in tropical coral reefs as a result of anthropogenic disturbances. The consequences for key ecosystem functions such as primary productivity, calcification, and nutrient recycling are poorly understood, particularly under changing environmental conditions. We used a novel in situ incubation approach to compare functions of coral‐ and algae‐dominated communities in the central Red Sea bimonthly over an entire year. In situ gross and net community primary productivity, calcification, dissolved organic carbon fluxes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, and their respective activation energies were quantified to describe the effects of seasonal changes. Overall, coral‐dominated communities exhibited 30% lower net productivity and 10 times higher calcification than algae‐dominated communities. Estimated activation energies indicated a higher thermal sensitivity of coral‐dominated communities. In these communities, net productivity and calcification were negatively correlated with temperature (>40% and >65% reduction, respectively, with +5°C increase from winter to summer), whereas carbon losses via respiration and dissolved organic carbon release more than doubled at higher temperatures. In contrast, algae‐dominated communities doubled net productivity in summer, while calcification and dissolved organic carbon fluxes were unaffected. These results suggest pronounced changes in community functioning associated with coral‐algal phase shifts. Algae‐dominated communities may outcompete coral‐dominated communities because of their higher productivity and carbon retention to support fast biomass accumulation while compromising the formation of important reef framework structures. Higher temperatures likely amplify these functional differences, indicating a high vulnerability of ecosystem functions of coral‐dominated communities to temperatures even below coral bleaching thresholds. Our results suggest that ocean warming may not only cause but also amplify coral–algal phase shifts in coral reefs.

Climate change impact assessment on water resources under RCP scenarios: A case study in Mundaú River Basin, Northeastern Brazil - Carolyne W. L. Andrade; Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro; Abelardo A. A. Montenegro; José R. de S. Lima; Raghavan Srinivasan; Charles A. Jones (International Journal of Climatology, 2021)
Global climate predictions and possible environmental impacts have an increasing source of concern in recent years. Analyses of the impacts of climate change scenarios on regional hydrology are required to design effective adaptation strategies for specific river basins. This study focuses on assessment of future climate change impacts on water resources of the Mundaú River Basin (MRB), in Brazil, using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) Eta‐MIROC5 and Eta‐HadGEM2, for three time periods under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). In general, climate models predict that the MRB will experience significant annual precipitation decreases, between 0.4% (1,087.45 mm) and 25.3% (815.59 mm), in both scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) respectively, when compared to the observed period (2003–2016). Maximum and minimum temperature increases up to 2.3°C and 0.65°C under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and up to 4.3°C and 2.2°C under the RCP 8.5 scenario. SWAT simulations predict substantial surface runoff decreases with a minimum average annual value of 21.3 mm for the RCP 8.5 in medium‐term. Additionally, actual evapotranspiration (ET) is predicted to decrease from 780.77 to a minimum of 648.1 mm, although increases in potential evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) are expected. In general, annual streamflow also is expected to decrease, more severely under RCP 8.5 conditions, reaching a drop of approximately 66.7% (15.2 m 3 ·s −1 ), compared to the observed period (45.5 m 3 ·s −1 ). Seasonal streamflow is predicted to decrease for both models, in both rainy and dry seasons, except for medium‐term of the Eta‐HadGEM2. Although there are still some uncertainties associated with climate models, the findings from this study can assist water resource managers in management decisions for appropriate water use, development of public policies that favour sustainability, and adoption of mitigation and prevention practices to ensure water security in the basin.

An assessment of early 20th century Antarctic pressure reconstructions using historical observations - Ryan L. Fogt; Connor P. Belak; Julie M. Jones; Laura C. Slivinski; Gilbert P. Compo (International Journal of Climatology, 2021)
While gridded seasonal pressure reconstructions poleward of 60°S extending back to 1905 have been recently completed, their skill has not been assessed prior to 1958. To provide a more thorough evaluation of the skill and performance in the early 20th century, these reconstructions are compared to other gridded datasets, historical data from early Antarctic expeditions, ship records, and temporary bases. Overall, the comparison confirms that the reconstruction uncertainty of 2–4 hPa (evaluated after 1979) over the Southern Ocean is a valid estimate of the reconstruction error in the early 20th century. Over the interior and near the coast of Antarctica, direct comparisons with historical data are challenged by elevation‐based reductions to sea level pressure. In a few cases, a simple linear adjustment of the reconstruction to sea level matches the historical data well, but in other cases, the differences remain greater than 10 hPa. Despite these large errors, comparisons with continuous multi‐season observations demonstrate that aspects of the interannual variability are often still captured, suggesting that the reconstructions have skill representing variations on this timescale, even if it is difficult to determine how well they capture the mean pressure at these higher elevations. Additional comparisons with various 20th‐century reanalysis products demonstrate the value of assimilating the historical observations in these datasets, which acts to substantially reduce the reanalysis ensemble spread, and bring the reanalysis ensemble mean within the reconstruction and observational uncertainty.

Spatial co‐localisation of extreme weather events: a clear and present danger - Rosalind J. Dodd; David R. Chadwick; Ian M. Harris; Adrian Hines; Dan Hollis; Theodoros Economou; Dylan Gwynn‐Jones; John Scullion; David A. Robinson; David L. Jones (Ecology Letters, 2021)
Extreme weather events have become a dominant feature of the narrative surrounding changes in global climate with large impacts on ecosystem stability, functioning and resilience; however, understanding of their risk of co‐occurrence at the regional scale is lacking. Based on the UK Met Office’s long‐term temperature and rainfall records, we present the first evidence demonstrating significant increases in the magnitude, direction of change and spatial co‐localisation of extreme weather events since 1961. Combining this new understanding with land‐use data sets allowed us to assess the likely consequences on future agricultural production and conservation priority areas. All land‐uses are impacted by the increasing risk of at least one extreme event and conservation areas were identified as the hotspots of risk for the co‐occurrence of multiple event types. Our findings provide a basis to regionally guide land‐use optimisation, land management practices and regulatory actions preserving ecosystem services against multiple climate threats.

A Multi-Model Pipeline for Translational Intracerebral Haemorrhage Research - Sarah E. Withers; Adrian R. Parry-Jones; Stuart M. Allan; Paul R. Kasher (Translational Stroke Research, 2020)
Apart from acute and chronic blood pressure lowering, we have no specific medications to prevent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) or improve outcomes once bleeding has occurred. One reason for this may be related to particular limitations associated with the current pre-clinical models of ICH, leading to a failure to translate into the clinic. It would seem that a breakdown in the ‘drug development pipeline’ currently exists for translational ICH research which needs to be urgently addressed. Here, we review the most commonly used pre-clinical models of ICH and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the context of translational studies. We propose that to increase our chances of successfully identifying new therapeutics for ICH, a bi-directional, 2- or 3-pronged approach using more than one model species/system could be useful for confirming key pre-clinical observations. Furthermore, we highlight that post-mortem/ex-vivo ICH patient material is a precious and underused resource which could play an essential role in the verification of experimental results prior to consideration for further clinical investigation. Embracing multidisciplinary collaboration between pre-clinical and clinical ICH research groups will be essential to ensure the success of this type of approach in the future.

Patients with pemphigus are at an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: a large-scale cohort study - Khalaf Kridin; Virginia A. Jones; Payal M. Patel; Shira Zelber-Sagi; Christoph M. Hammers; Giovanni Damiani; Kyle T. Amber; Arnon D. Cohen (Immunologic Research, 2020)
Data regarding the association between pemphigus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is inconclusive and yet to be firmly established. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of developing RA during the course of pemphigus. A large-scale population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of RA among 1985 patients with pemphigus relative to 9874 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects. A multivariate Cox regression model was utilized. The incidence of RA was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.62–1.72) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.24–0.52) per 1000 person-years among patients with pemphigus and controls, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of RA was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.7–3.1%) among cases and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5–2.0%) among controls. Patients with pemphigus were more than twice as likely to develop RA as compared to control subjects (adjusted HR, 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–4.92). The increased risk was robust to a sensitivity analysis that included only cases managed by pemphigus-related systemic medications (adjusted HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.30–5.05). In conclusion, pemphigus is associated with an increased risk of RA. Physicians treating patients with pemphigus should be aware of this possible association. Further research is required to better understand the mechanism underlying this association.

Urbanisation and Fishing Alter the Body Size and Functional Traits of a Key Fisheries Species - Ben L. Gilby; Andrew D. Olds; Felicity E. Hardcastle; Christopher J. Henderson; Rod M. Connolly; Tyson S. H. Martin; Tyson R. Jones; Paul S. Maxwell; Thomas A. Schlacher (Estuaries and Coasts, 2020)

Responses of grasses to experimental submergence in summer: implications for the management of unseasonal flows in regulated rivers - Lyndsey M. Vivian; Joe Greet; Christopher S. Jones (Aquatic Ecology, 2020)
River regulation has altered the seasonal timing of flows in many rivers worldwide, impacting the survival and growth of riparian plants. In south-eastern Australia, demand for irrigation water in summer often results in high river flows during a season that would naturally experience low flows. Although unseasonal high summer flows are thought to significantly impact waterways, their effects on vegetation are poorly quantified. We investigated the responses of five grass species commonly occurring in riparian zones to different durations of submergence in summer. We experimentally tested the response of three exotic and two native grasses to four submergence treatments (4 weeks, 8 weeks, 2-week pulses and no submergence), and two levels of shading (no shading and 80% light reduction), over 8 weeks in summer and early autumn. All submergence treatments, including the 2-week pulse, resulted in the death of all plants of three species ( Bromus catharticus , Dactylis glomerata and Rytidosperma caespitosum ). Lolium perenne exhibited moderate survival rates in the shorter-duration unshaded submergence treatments, while Poa labillardierei largely survived all treatments. Similar responses across species were observed for plant height and biomass, although height generally increased while biomass growth was reduced by shading. These results show that even 2-week periods of summer submergence can reduce growth and cause the death of some riparian grasses. Although some species may survive longer submergence durations, impacts on other aspects of fitness, and ongoing effects of repeated unseasonal submergence, remain uncertain. Our study highlights that the impacts of unseasonal flows require further investigation and careful management.

Variation at the common polysaccharide antigen locus drives lipopolysaccharide diversity within the Pseudomonas syringae species complex - Jay Jayaraman; William T. Jones; Dawn Harvey; Lauren M. Hemara; Honour C. McCann; Minsoo Yoon; Suzanne L. Warring; Peter C. Fineran; Carl H. Mesarich; Matthew D. Templeton (Environmental Microbiology, 2020)
Summary The common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas syringae is highly variable, but the genetic basis for this is poorly understood. We have characterized the CPA locus from P. syringae pv. actinidiae ( Psa ). This locus has genes for l ‐ and d ‐rhamnose biosynthesis and an operon coding for ABC transporter subunits, a bifunctional glycosyltransferase and an o ‐methyltransferase. This operon is predicted to have a role in the transport, elongation and termination of the CPA oligosaccharide and is referred to as the TET operon. Two alleles of the TET operon were present in different biovars (BV) of Psa and lineages of the closely related pathovar P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum . This allelic variation was reflected in the electrophoretic properties of purified LPS from the different isolates. Gene knockout of the TET operon allele from BV1 and replacement with that from BV3, demonstrated the link between the genetic locus and the biochemical properties of the LPS molecules in Psa . Sequence analysis of the TET operon from a range of P. syringae and P. viridiflava isolates displayed a phylogenetic history incongruent with core gene phylogeny but correlates with previously reported tailocin sensitivity, suggesting a functional relationship between LPS structure and tailocin susceptibility.

Do plants use root-derived proteases to promote the uptake of soil organic nitrogen? - Lucy M. Greenfield; Paul W. Hill; Eric Paterson; Elizabeth M. Baggs; Davey L. Jones (Plant and Soil, 2020)
Aims The capacity of plant roots to directly acquire organic nitrogen (N) in the form of oligopeptides and amino acids from soil is well established. However, plants have poor access to protein, the central reservoir of soil organic N. Our question is: do plants actively secrete proteases to enhance the breakdown of soil protein or are they functionally reliant on soil microorganisms to undertake this role? Methods Growing maize and wheat under sterile hydroponic conditions with and without inorganic N, we measured protease activity on the root surface (root-bound proteases) or exogenously in the solution (free proteases). We compared root protease activities to the rhizosphere microbial community to estimate the ecological significance of root-derived proteases. Results We found little evidence for the secretion of free proteases, with almost all protease activity associated with the root surface. Root protease activity was not stimulated under N deficiency. Our findings suggest that cereal roots contribute one-fifth of rhizosphere protease activity. Conclusions Our results indicate that plant N uptake is only functionally significant when soil protein is in direct contact with root surfaces. The lack of protease upregulation under N deficiency suggests that root protease activity is unrelated to enhanced soil N capture.

The Elovl4 Spinocerebellar Ataxia-34 Mutation 736T>G (p.W246G) Impairs Retinal Function in the Absence of Photoreceptor Degeneration - Martin-Paul Agbaga; Megan A. Stiles; Richard S. Brush; Michael T. Sullivan; Adeline Machalinski; Kenneth L. Jones; Robert E. Anderson; David M. Sherry (Molecular Neurobiology, 2020)
Elo ngation of v ery l ong chain fatty acids- 4 (ELOVL4) is essential for synthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA, respectively) of chain length greater than 26 carbons. Mutations in the ELOVL4 gene cause several distinct neurodegenerative diseases including Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3), spinocerebellar ataxia 34 (SCA34), and a neuro-ichthyotic syndrome with severe seizures and spasticity, as well as erythrokeratitis variabilis (EKV), a skin disorder. However, the relationship between ELOVL4 mutations, its VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA products, and specific neurological symptoms remains unclear. We generated a knock-in rat line (SCA34-KI) that expresses the 736T>G (p.W246G) form of ELOVL4 that causes human SCA34. Lipids were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Retinal function was assessed using electroretinography. Retinal integrity was assessed by histology, optical coherence tomography, and immunolabeling. Analysis of retina and skin lipids showed that the W246G mutation selectively impaired synthesis of VLC-SFA, but not VLC-PUFA. Homozygous SCA34-KI rats showed reduced ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes by 90 days of age, particularly for scotopic responses. Anatomical analyses revealed no indication of neurodegeneration in heterozygote or homozygote SCA34-KI rats out to 6–7 months of age. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized role for VLC-SFA in regulating retinal function, particularly transmission from photoreceptors to the inner retina, in the absence of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the tissue specificity and symptoms associated with disease-causing ELOVL4 mutations likely arise from selective differences in the ability of the mutant ELOVL4 enzymes to support synthesis of VLC-PUFA and/or VLC-SFA.

Isolation promotes abundance and species richness of fishes recruiting to coral reef patches - G. P. Jones; G. Barone; K. Sambrook; M. C. Bonin (Marine Biology, 2020)

A review of a decade of lessons from one of the world’s largest MPAs: conservation gains and key challenges - Graeme C. Hays; Heather J. Koldewey; Samantha Andrzejaczek; Martin J. Attrill; Shanta Barley; Daniel T. I. Bayley; Cassandra E. Benkwitt; Barbara Block; Robert J. Schallert; Aaron B. Carlisle; Pete Carr; Taylor K. Chapple; et al. (Marine Biology, 2020)

Local adaptation to herbivory within tropical tree species along a rainfall gradient - Andrew J. Muehleisen; Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht; Frank Andrew Jones; Eric Manzané‐Pinzón; Liza S. Comita (Ecology, 2020)
In tropical forests, insect herbivores exert significant pressure on plant populations. Adaptation to such pressure is hypothesized to be a driver of high tropical diversity, but direct evidence for local adaptation to herbivory in tropical forests is sparse. At the same time, herbivore pressure has been hypothesized to increase with rainfall in the tropics, which could lead to differences among sites in the degree of local adaptation. To assess the presence of local adaptation and its interaction with rainfall, we compared herbivore damage on seedlings of local vs. nonlocal populations at sites differing in moisture availability in a reciprocal transplant experiment spanning a rainfall gradient in Panama. For 13 native tree species, seeds collected from multiple populations along the rainfall gradient were germinated in a shadehouse and then transplanted to experimental sites within the species range. We tracked the proportion of seedlings attacked over 1.5 yr and quantified the percentage of leaf area damaged at the end of the study. Seedlings originating from local populations were less likely to be attacked and experienced lower amounts of herbivore damage than those from nonlocal populations, but only on the wetter end of the rainfall gradient. However, overall herbivore damage was higher at the drier site compared to wetter sites, contrary to expectation. Taken together, these findings support the idea that herbivory can result in local adaptation within tropical tree species; however, the likelihood of local adaptation varies among sites because of environmentally driven differences in investment in defense or herbivore specialization or both.

Spawning and gravidity of the endangered freshwater mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in captivity for production of glochidia - Jess W. Jones; William F. Henley; Anthony J. Timpano; Emmanuel Frimpong; Eric M. Hallerman (Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2020)

Genomic prediction across years in a maize doubled haploid breeding program to accelerate early-stage testcross testing - Nan Wang; Hui Wang; Ao Zhang; Yubo Liu; Diansi Yu; Zhuanfang Hao; Dan Ilut; Jeffrey C. Glaubitz; Yanxin Gao; Elizabeth Jones; Michael Olsen; Xinhai Li; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020)
Key message Genomic selection with a multiple-year training population dataset could accelerate early-stage testcross testing by skipping the first-stage yield testing, which significantly saves the time and cost of early-stage testcross testing. Abstract With the development of doubled haploid (DH) technology, the main task for a maize breeder is to estimate the breeding values of thousands of DH lines annually. In early-stage testcross testing, genomic selection (GS) offers the opportunity of replacing expensive multiple-environment phenotyping and phenotypic selection with lower-cost genotyping and genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV)-based selection. In the present study, a total of 1528 maize DH lines, phenotyped in multiple-environment trials in three consecutive years and genotyped with a low-cost per-sample genotyping platform of rAmpSeq, were used to explore how to implement GS to accelerate early-stage testcross testing. Results showed that the average prediction accuracy estimated from the cross-validation schemes was above 0.60 across all the scenarios. The average prediction accuracies estimated from the independent validation schemes ranged from 0.23 to 0.32 across all the scenarios, when the one-year datasets were used as training population (TRN) to predict the other year data as testing population (TST). The average prediction accuracies increased to a range from 0.31 to 0.42 across all the scenarios, when the two-years datasets were used as TRN. The prediction accuracies increased to a range from 0.50 to 0.56, when the TRN consisted of two-years of breeding data and 50% of third year’s data converted from TST to TRN. This information showed that GS with a multiple-year TRN set offers the opportunity to accelerate early-stage testcross testing by skipping the first-stage yield testing, which significantly saves the time and cost of early-stage testcross testing.

Stable Isotope Values in South American Fur Seal Pup Whiskers as Proxies of Year-round Maternal Foraging Ecology - Kayleigh A. Jones; Alastair. M. M. Baylis; Rachael A. Orben; Norman Ratcliffe; Stephen C. Votier; Jason Newton; Iain J. Staniland (Marine Biology, 2020)
Natural selection should favour strategies that maximise reproductive success. Females may use different resources during progressive stages of reproduction according to energetic demands, behavioural constraints and prey availability. We used South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis australis , pup whisker isotope values as proxies for maternal diet and habitat use to determine how resource use (1) changes throughout pup development from in utero growth to mid-end of lactation and (2) how it differs among individuals. The longest whisker was cut from 5 male and 5 female fur seal pups (of approximately 8 months of age) at Bird Island, Falkland Islands, in 2018, and δ 15 N values and δ 13 C values were analysed every 5 mm along the length of each whisker. Patterns in δ 13 C values indicated that mothers used different habitats during the annual cycle, likely coinciding with seasonal shifts in prey availability or distribution. The individual specialisation index based on δ 13 C values was 0.34, indicating that adult females used different habitats, which could reduce intra-specific competition and ultimately enhance pup growth and survival. An increase in δ 15 N values occurred along every pup whisker from pup birth to mid-end of lactation, which likely reflected trophic enrichment related to suckling and fasting by pups, overriding the maternal isotopic signature. Pup whisker stable isotopes are useful proxies of maternal foraging ecology. However, physiological processes complicate interpretations by altering δ 15 N values. Interpreting these values therefore requires additional knowledge of the species’ ecology and physiology.

Landslides across the USA: occurrence, susceptibility, and data limitations - Benjamin B. Mirus; Eric S. Jones; Rex L. Baum; Jonathan W. Godt; Stephen Slaughter; Matthew M. Crawford; Jeremy Lancaster; Thomas Stanley; Dalia B. Kirschbaum; William J. Burns; Robert G. Schmitt; Kassandra O. Lindsey; et al. (Landslides, 2020)
Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled. As a first step toward this goal, we present a national-scale compilation of existing, publicly available landslide inventories. This geodatabase can be downloaded in its entirety or viewed through an online, searchable map, with parsimonious attributes and direct links to the contributing sources with additional details. The mapped spatial pattern and concentration of landslides are consistent with prior characterization of susceptibility within the conterminous USA, with some notable exceptions on the West Coast. Although the database is evolving and known to be incomplete in many regions, it confirms that landslides do occur across the country, thus highlighting the importance of our national-scale assessment. The map illustrates regions where high-quality mapping has occurred and, in contrast, where additional resources could improve confidence in landslide characterization. For example, borders between states and other jurisdictions are quite apparent, indicating the variation in approaches to data collection by different agencies and disparity between the resources dedicated to landslide characterization. Further investigations are needed to better assess susceptibility and to determine whether regions with high relief and steep topography, but without mapped landslides, require further landslide inventory mapping. Overall, this map provides a new resource for accessing information about known landslides across the USA.

Revisiting afro-alpine Lake Garba Guracha in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia: rationale, chronology, geochemistry, and paleoenvironmental implications - L. Bittner; M. Bliedtner; D. Grady; G. Gil-Romera; C. Martin-Jones; B. Lemma; B. Mekonnen; H. F. Lamb; H. Yang; B. Glaser; S. Szidat; G. Salazar; et al. (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2020)
Previous paleolimnological studies demonstrated that the sediments of Garba Guracha, situated at 3950 m asl in the afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, provide a complete Late Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate and environmental archive. We revisited Garba Guracha in order to retrieve new sediment cores and to apply new environmental proxies, e.g. charcoal, diatoms, biomarkers, and stable isotopes. Our chronology is established using 210 Pb dating and radiocarbon dating of bulk sedimentary organic matter, bulk n -alkanes, and charcoal. Although bedrock was not reached during coring, basal ages confirm that sedimentation started at the earliest ~ 16 cal kyr BP. The absence of a systematic age offset for the n -alkanes suggests that “pre-aging” is not a prominent issue in this lake, which is characterised by a very small afro-alpine catchment. X-ray fluorescence scans and total organic carbon contents show a prominent transition from minerogenic to organic-rich sediments around 11 cal kyr BP coinciding with the Holocene onset. While an unambiguous terrestrial versus aquatic source identification seems challenging, the n -alkane-based P aq proxy, TOC/N ratios, δ 13 C values, and the sugar biomarker patterns suggest a predominantly autochthonous organic matter source. Supraregional climate events, such as the African Humid Period, the Younger Dryas (YD), a 6.5 cal kyr BP short drying event, and the 4.2 cal kyr BP transition to overall drier climate are recorded in our archive. The Garba Guracha record suggests that northern hemisphere forcings played a role in the Eastern African highland paleoclimate.

Odorant binding proteins promote flight activity in the migratory insect, Helicoverpa armigera - Shang Wang; Melissa Minter; Rafael A. Homem; Louise V. Michaelson; Herbert Venthur; Ka S. Lim; Amy Withers; Jinghui Xi; Christopher M. Jones; Jing‐Jiang Zhou (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Migratory insects are capable of actively sustaining powered flight for several hours. This extraordinary phenomenon requires a highly efficient transport system to cope with the energetic demands placed on the flight muscles. Here, we provide evidence that the role of the hydrophobic ligand binding of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) extends beyond their typical function in the olfactory system to support insect flight activity via lipid interactions. Transcriptomic and candidate gene analyses show that two phylogenetically clustered OBPs (OBP3/OBP6) are consistently over‐expressed in adult moths of the migrant Old‐World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera , displaying sustained flight performance in flight activity bioassays. Tissue‐specific over‐expression of OBP6 was observed in the antennae, wings and thorax in long‐fliers of H. armigera . Transgenic Drosophila flies over‐expressing an H. armigera transcript of OBP6 (HarmOBP6) in the flight muscle attained higher flight speeds on a modified tethered flight system. Quantification of lipid molecules using mass spectrometry showed a depletion of triacylglyerol and phospholipids in flown moths. Protein homology models built from the crystal structure of a fatty acid carrier protein identified the binding site of OBP3 and OBP6 for hydrophobic ligand binding with both proteins exhibiting a stronger average binding affinity with triacylglycerols and phospholipids compared with other groups of ligands. We propose that HarmOBP3 and HarmOBP6 contribute to the flight capacity of a globally invasive and highly migratory noctuid moth, and in doing so, extend the function of this group of proteins beyond their typical role as chemosensory proteins in insects.

Supposed snake specialist consumes monitor lizards: diet and trophic implications of king cobra feeding ecology - Max D. Jones; Matt S. Crane; Inês M. S. Silva; Taksin Artchawakom; Surachit Waengsothorn; Pongthep Suwanwaree; Colin T. Strine; Matt Goode (Ecology, 2020)

A systems biology approach to discovering pathway signaling dysregulation in metastasis - Robert Clarke; Pavel Kraikivski; Brandon C. Jones; Catherine M. Sevigny; Surojeet Sengupta; Yue Wang (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2020)

The effect of variation in moonlight on nocturnal song of a diurnal bird species - Ashton L. Dickerson; Michelle L. Hall; Therésa M. Jones (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020)

Frontiers in modelling social–ecological dynamics of recreational fisheries: A review and synthesis - Christopher T. Solomon; Colin J. Dassow; Carolyn M. Iwicki; Olaf P. Jensen; Stuart E. Jones; Greg G. Sass; Ashley Trudeau; Brett T. van Poorten; Dane Whittaker (Fish and Fisheries, 2020)
Recreational fisheries are culturally and economically important around the world. Recent research emphasizes that understanding and managing these systems requires a social–ecological perspective. We systematically reviewed quantitative social–ecological models of marine and freshwater recreational fisheries to summarize their conceptualization of social, ecological, and social–ecological dynamics and identify research frontiers. From a candidate set of 626 studies published between 1975 and 2018, 49 met criteria for inclusion in our review. These studies, though diverse in terms of focal species and processes considered, were geographically limited to a few locations and ignored large regions of the globe where recreational fishing is important. There were also important gaps in the social and ecological processes that were included in published models. Reflecting on these patterns in the context of previous conceptual frameworks, we define five key frontiers for future work: 1) exploring the implications of social and behavioural processes like heuristics, social norms, and information sharing for angler decisions and fishery dynamics; 2) modelling governance with more realistic complexity; 3) incorporating ideas from resilience thinking and complex adaptive systems, including slow variables, destabilizing feedbacks, surprises and diversity; 4) considering key ideas in fisheries systems, including spatial and temporal effort dynamics, catch hyperstability, and stocking; and 5) thinking synthetically about the models that we use to describe social–ecological dynamics in recreational fisheries, via explicit comparisons and formal integration with data. Exploration of these frontiers, while remembering the distinction between model complexity and model usefulness, will improve our ability to understand and sustain recreational fisheries.

Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Central Arterial Stiffness in Children Independent of Other Lifestyle Behaviors - Lee Stoner; Simon Higgins; Katherine Black; Kim Boggess; Michelle L. Meyer; Andrea Chou; Barbara Galland; Jillian J. Haszard; Kim Meredith-Jones; Pouya Saeedi; Sheila Skeaff; Paula M. L. Skidmore (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2020)

Acute cardiovascular response to unilateral, bilateral, and alternating resistance exercise with blood flow restriction - Daphney M. Stanford; Joonsun Park; Raymond Jones; Daniel P. Credeur; Stephanie McCoy; Matthew B. Jessee (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020)

Crop residue carbon-to-nitrogen ratio regulates denitrifier N2O production post flooding - Wei Zhou; Davey L. Jones; Ronggui Hu; Ian M. Clark; David R. Chadwick (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2020)

Isolation and experimental challenge of cultured burbot ( Lota lota maculosa ) with Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas sp. isolates - Timothy J. Bruce; Jie Ma; Luke P. Oliver; Evan M. Jones; Benjamin R. LaFrentz; Kenneth D. Cain (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2020)
Burbot ( Lota lota maculosa ) are a potential new species for commercial aquaculture. As burbot culture expands, there is a need to further define pathogen susceptibility and characterize aspects of the burbot immune response in an effort to assess fish health. A recent clinical diagnostic case from juvenile burbot reared at a commercial production facility resulted in the isolation and identification of Flavobacterium columnare along with several Aeromonas spp. The F. columnare isolate was assigned to genetic group 1 via multiplex PCR, a genetic group commonly associated with columnaris disease cases in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Virulence of the F. columnare isolate was assessed in vivo in both juvenile burbot and rainbow trout. Additionally, several of the Aeromonas sp. case isolates were identified via sequencing (16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD ) and a putative A . sobria isolate (BI‐3) was used to challenge burbot, along with a known virulent Aeromonas sp. (A141), but BI‐3 was not found to be virulent. Burbot were refractory to F. columnare when challenged by immersion, and it is likely that this is a secondary pathogen for burbot. Although refractory in burbot, the identified F. columnare isolate (BI‐1) was found to be virulent in rainbow trout.

Ecological and genomic analyses of candidate phylum WPS ‐2 bacteria in an unvegetated soil - Andriy Sheremet; Gareth M. Jones; Jessica Jarett; Robert M. Bowers; Isaac Bedard; Cassandra Culham; Emiley A. Eloe‐Fadrosh; Natalia Ivanova; Rex R. Malmstrom; Stephen E. Grasby; Tanja Woyke; Peter F. Dunfield (Environmental Microbiology, 2020)
Summary Members of the bacterial candidate phylum WPS‐2 (or Eremiobacterota) are abundant in several dry, bare soil environments. In a bare soil deposited by an extinct iron–sulfur spring, we found that WPS‐2 comprised up to 24% of the bacterial community and up to 10 8 cells per g of soil based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantification. A single genus‐level cluster ( Ca. Rubrimentiphilum) predominated in bare soils but was less abundant in adjacent forest. Nearly complete genomes of Ca. Rubrimentiphilum were recovered as single amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs). Surprisingly, given the abundance of WPS‐2 in bare soils, the genomes did not indicate any capacity for autotrophy, phototrophy, or trace gas metabolism. Instead, they suggest a predominantly aerobic organoheterotrophic lifestyle, perhaps based on scavenging amino acids, nucleotides, and complex oligopeptides, along with lithotrophic capacity on thiosulfate. Network analyses of the entire community showed that some species of Chloroflexi , Actinobacteria , and candidate phylum AD3 (or Dormibacterota) co‐occurred with Ca. Rubrimentiphilum and may represent ecological or metabolic partners. We propose that Ca. Rubrimentiphilum act as efficient heterotrophic scavengers. Combined with previous studies, these data suggest that the phylum WPS‐2 includes bacteria with diverse metabolic capabilities.

Cases of foreign egg adoption by Brown Skuas Stercorarius antarcticus on Marion and Gough Islands - Alexis Osborne; Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; David B. Green; Ben J. Dilley; John Cooper (Polar Biology, 2020)

Local extinction imminent for southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at their northernmost breeding site, Gough Island—South Atlantic Ocean - Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; Marthán N. Bester (Polar Biology, 2020)

Impacts of Hurricane Irma on Florida Bay Islands, Everglades National Park, USA - G. Lynn Wingard; S. E. Bergstresser; B. L. Stackhouse; M. C. Jones; M. E. Marot; K. Hoefke; A. Daniels; K. Keller (Estuaries and Coasts, 2020)
Hurricane Irma made landfall in south Florida, USA, on September 10, 2017 as a category 4 storm. In January 2018, fieldwork was conducted on four previously (2014) sampled islands in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park to examine changes between 2014 and 2018. The objectives were to determine if the net impact of the storm was gain or loss of island landmass and/or elevation; observe and quantify impacts to mangroves; and identify distinctive sedimentary, biochemical, and/or geochemical signatures of the storm. Storm overwash deposits were measured in the field and, in general, interior island mudflats appeared to experience deposition ranging from ~ 0.5 to ~ 6.5 cm. Elevation changes were measured using real-time kinematic positioning and satellite receivers. Comparison of 2014 to 2018 elevation measurements indicates mangrove berms and transitional areas between mudflats and berms experienced erosion and loss of elevation, whereas interior mudflats gained elevation, possibly due to Hurricane Irma. Geographic information system analysis of pre- and post-storm satellite imagery indicates the western-most island, closest to the eye of the storm, lost 32 to 42% (~ 11 to 13 m) of the width of the eastern berm, and vegetated coverage was reduced 9.3% or ~ 9700 m 2 . Vegetated coverage on the eastern-most island was reduced by 1.9% or ~ 9200 m 2 . These results are compared to previous accounts of hurricane impacts and provide a baseline for examining long-term constructive and destructive aspects of hurricanes on the islands and the role of storms in resiliency of Florida Bay islands.

Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy - R. Mechler; C. Singh; K. Ebi; R. Djalante; A. Thomas; R. James; P. Tschakert; M. Wewerinke-Singh; T. Schinko; D. Ley; J. Nalau; L. M. Bouwer; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2020)
Recent evidence shows that climate change is leading to irreversible and existential impacts on vulnerable communities and countries across the globe. Among other effects, this has given rise to public debate and engagement around notions of climate crisis and emergency. The Loss and Damage (L&D) policy debate has emphasized these aspects over the last three decades. Yet, despite institutionalization through an article on L&D by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the Paris Agreement, the debate has remained vague, particularly with reference to its remit and relationship to adaptation policy and practice. Research has recently made important strides forward in terms of developing a science perspective on L&D. This article reviews insights derived from recent publications by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and others, and presents the implications for science and policy. Emerging evidence on hard and soft adaptation limits in certain systems, sectors and regions holds the potential to further build momentum for climate policy to live up to the Paris ambition of stringent emission reductions and to increase efforts to support the most vulnerable. L&D policy may want to consider actions to extend soft adaptation limits and spur transformational, that is, non-standard risk management and adaptation, so that limits are not breached. Financial, technical, and legal support would be appropriate for instances where hard limits are transgressed. Research is well positioned to further develop robust evidence on critical and relevant risks at scale in the most vulnerable countries and communities, as well as options to reduce barriers and limits to adaptation.

Rapid nitrogen loss from ectomycorrhizal pine germinants signaled by their fungal symbiont - Joshua M. Smith; Matthew D. Whiteside; Melanie D. Jones (Mycorrhiza, 2020)
Ectomycorrhizal fungi supply their plant partners with nitrogen but can also retain substantial amounts. The concentration of nitrogen in the soil and the amount of carbon supplied from the host seem to influence the proportion of N retained by the fungus. In an experiment designed to determine whether differential supply of nitrogen to two plants influenced nitrogen transfer from fungus to plant within a mycorrhizal network, we observed rapid, substantial loss of nitrogen from pine seedlings. The loss occurred when the mycorrhizal fungus experienced a sudden increase in nitrogen supply. We grew Pinus contorta seedlings in association with Suillus tomentosus in low-nitrogen microcosms where some nitrogen was accessible only by hyphae. After 70 days, foliage of some seedlings was treated with nitrogen. Three days later, hyphal nutrient media were replaced with water or a solution containing nitrogen. Foliar treatment did not affect nitrogen transfer by the fungus to shoots, but by day 75, seedling nitrogen contents had dropped by 60% in microcosms where nitrogen had been added to the hyphal compartments. Those seedlings retained only 55% of the nitrogen originally present in the seed. Loss of nitrogen did not occur if water was added or the hyphae were severed. Because of the severing effect, we concluded that S. tomentosus triggered the loss of seedling nitrogen. Nitrogen may have been lost through increased root exudation or transfer to the fungus. Access to nitrogen from nutrient-rich germinants would benefit rhizosphere microorganisms, including ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing pine from spores after wildfire.

Impacts of deep‐sea mining on microbial ecosystem services - Beth N. Orcutt; James A. Bradley; William J. Brazelton; Emily R. Estes; Jacqueline M. Goordial; Julie A. Huber; Rose M. Jones; Nagissa Mahmoudi; Jeffrey J. Marlow; Sheryl Murdock; Maria Pachiadaki (Limnology and Oceanography, 2020)
Interest in extracting mineral resources from the seafloor through deep‐sea mining has accelerated in the past decade, driven by consumer demand for various metals like zinc, cobalt, and rare earth elements. While there are ongoing studies evaluating potential environmental impacts of deep‐sea mining activities, these focus primarily on impacts to animal biodiversity. The microscopic spectrum of seafloor life and the services that this life provides in the deep sea are rarely considered explicitly. In April 2018, scientists met to define the microbial ecosystem services that should be considered when assessing potential impacts of deep‐sea mining, and to provide recommendations for how to evaluate and safeguard these services. Here, we indicate that the potential impacts of mining on microbial ecosystem services in the deep sea vary substantially, from minimal expected impact to loss of services that cannot be remedied by protected area offsets. For example, we (1) describe potential major losses of microbial ecosystem services at active hydrothermal vent habitats impacted by mining, (2) speculate that there could be major ecosystem service degradation at inactive massive sulfide deposits without extensive mitigation efforts, (3) suggest minor impacts to carbon sequestration within manganese nodule fields coupled with potentially important impacts to primary production capacity, and (4) surmise that assessment of impacts to microbial ecosystem services at seamounts with ferromanganese crusts is too poorly understood to be definitive. We conclude by recommending that baseline assessments of microbial diversity, biomass, and, importantly, biogeochemical function need to be considered in environmental impact assessments of deep‐sea mining.

Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas - Bryony A. Caswell; Emily S. Klein; Heidi K. Alleway; Johnathan E. Ball; Julián Botero; Massimiliano Cardinale; Margit Eero; Georg H. Engelhard; Tomaso Fortibuoni; Ana‐Judith Giraldo; Jonas Hentati‐Sundberg; Peter Jones; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2020)
The concept of “blue growth,” which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within national and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contemporary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case‐study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture examples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40–800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the impacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short‐term gains over long‐term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross‐cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommendations are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.

Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community - Daniela Jacob; Claas Teichmann; Stefan Sobolowski; Eleni Katragkou; Ivonne Anders; Michal Belda; Rasmus Benestad; Fredrik Boberg; Erasmo Buonomo; Rita M. Cardoso; Ana Casanueva; Ole B. Christensen; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2020)
The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe.

Infestation dynamics between parasitic Antarctic fish leeches (Piscicolidae) and their crocodile icefish hosts (Channichthyidae) - Elyse Parker; Christopher D. Jones; Patricio M. Arana; Nicolás A. Alegría; Roberto Sarralde; Francisco Gallardo; Anna J. Phillips; Bronwyn W. Williams; Alex Dornburg (Polar Biology, 2020)

Different responses of coral and rubble-dwelling coral reef damselfishes (Family: Pomacentridae) to chemosensory cues from coral reef microhabitats - Amy G. Coppock; Saúl O. González-Murcia; Maya Srinivasan; Naomi M. Gardiner; Geoffrey P. Jones (Marine Biology, 2020)

Apparatus and Method for Rapid Detection of Acoustic Anisotropy in Cartilage - Mostafa Motavalli; Cheyenne Jones; Jim A. Berilla; Ming Li; Mark D. Schluchter; Joseph M. Mansour; Jean F. Welter (Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 2020)

Tryptophan metabolism is differently regulated between large and small dogs - Jessica M. Hoffman; J. Veronika Kiklevich; Marika Austad; ViLinh Tran; Dean P. Jones; Angela Royal; Carolyn Henry; Steven N. Austad (GeroScience, 2020)
Companion dogs have recently been promoted as an animal model for the study of aging due to their similar disease profile to humans, the sophistication of health assessment and disease diagnosis, and the shared environments with their owners. In addition, dogs show an interesting life history trait pattern where smaller individuals are up to two-fold longer lived than their larger counterparts. While some of the mechanisms underlying this size and longevity trade-off are strongly suspected (i.e., growth hormone/IGF-I), there are likely a number of undiscovered mechanisms as well. Accordingly, we have completed a large-scale global metabolomic profiling of dogs encompassing a range of sizes and ages from three cities across the USA. We found a surprisingly strong location signal in the metabolome, stronger in fact than any signal related to age, breed, or sex. However, after controlling for the effects of location, tryptophan metabolism emerged as significantly associated with weight of the dogs, with small dogs having significantly higher levels of tryptophan pathway metabolites. Overall, our results point toward novel, testable hypotheses about the underlying physiological mechanisms that influence size and longevity in the companion dog and suggest that dogs may be useful in sorting out the complexities of the tryptophan metabolic network.

Coral reef annihilation, persistence and recovery at Earth’s youngest volcanic island - P. F. Smallhorn-West; J. B. Garvin; D. A. Slayback; T. M. DeCarlo; S. E. Gordon; S. H. Fitzgerald; T. Halafihi; G. P. Jones; T. C. L. Bridge (Coral Reefs, 2020)

Disruption of hepatocyte Sialylation drives a T cell-dependent pro-inflammatory immune tone - Douglas M. Oswald; Julie Y. Zhou; Mark B. Jones; Brian A. Cobb (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2020)

Interactions Between a Large Marine Protected Area, Pelagic Tuna and Associated Fisheries - David J. Curnick; Ben Collen; Heather J. Koldewey; Kate E. Jones; Kirsty M. Kemp; Francesco Ferretti (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Correction to: Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates - Kerry M. Dore; Malene F. Hansen; Amy R. Klegarth; Claudia Fichtel; Flávia Koch; Andrea Springer; Peter Kappeler; Joyce A. Parga; Tatyana Humle; Christelle Colin; Estelle Raballand; Zhi-Pang Huang; et al. (Primates, 2020)

Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates - Kerry M. Dore; Malene F. Hansen; Amy R. Klegarth; Claudia Fichtel; Flávia Koch; Andrea Springer; Peter Kappeler; Joyce A. Parga; Tatyana Humle; Christelle Colin; Estelle Raballand; Zhi-Pang Huang; et al. (Primates, 2020)

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between body mass index, prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, and prostate-specific antigen - Sean Harrison; Kate Tilling; Emma L. Turner; Richard M. Martin; Rosie Lennon; J. Athene Lane; Jenny L. Donovan; Freddie C. Hamdy; David E. Neal; J. L. H. Ruud Bosch; Hayley E. Jones (Cancer Causes & Control, 2020)
Purpose The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer remains unclear. However, there is an inverse association between BMI and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), used for prostate cancer screening. We conducted this review to estimate the associations between BMI and (1) prostate cancer, (2) advanced prostate cancer, and (3) PSA. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for studies until 02 October 2017 and obtained individual participant data from four studies. In total, 78 studies were identified for the association between BMI and prostate cancer, 21 for BMI and advanced prostate cancer, and 35 for BMI and PSA. We performed random-effects meta-analysis of linear associations of log-PSA and prostate cancer with BMI and, to examine potential non-linearity, of associations between categories of BMI and each outcome. Results In the meta-analyses with continuous BMI, a 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI was associated with a percentage change in PSA of − 5.88% (95% CI − 6.87 to − 4.87). Using BMI categories, compared to normal weight men the PSA levels of overweight men were 3.43% lower (95% CI − 5.57 to − 1.23), and obese men were 12.9% lower (95% CI − 15.2 to − 10.7). Prostate cancer and advanced prostate cancer analyses showed little or no evidence associations. Conclusion There is little or no evidence of an association between BMI and risk of prostate cancer or advanced prostate cancer, and strong evidence of an inverse and non-linear association between BMI and PSA. The association between BMI and prostate cancer is likely biased if missed diagnoses are not considered.

Fear of the dark? A mesopredator mitigates large carnivore risk through nocturnality, but humans moderate the interaction - Peter M. Haswell; Josip Kusak; Katherine A. Jones; Matt W. Hayward (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020)
While constrained by endogenous rhythms, morphology and ecology, animals may still exhibit flexible activity patterns in response to risk. Temporal avoidance of interspecific aggression can enable access to resources without spatial exclusion. Apex predators, including humans, can affect mesopredator activity patterns. Human context might also modify temporal interactions between predators. We explored activity patterns, nocturnality and the effects of human activity upon a guild of carnivores (grey wolf, Canis lupus ; Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx ; red fox, Vulpes vulpes ) using travel routes in Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. Humans were diurnal, foxes nocturnal and large carnivores active during the night, immediately after sunrise and before sunset. Carnivore activity patterns overlapped greatly and to a similar extent for all pairings. Activity curves followed expectations based on interspecific killing, with activity peaks coinciding where body size differences were small (wolf and lynx) but not when they were intermediate (foxes to large carnivores). Carnivore activity, particularly fox, overlapped much less with that of diurnal humans. Foxes responded to higher large carnivore activity by being more nocturnal. Low light levels likely provide safer conditions by reducing the visual detectability of mesopredators. The nocturnal effect of large carnivores was however moderated and reduced by human activity. This could perhaps be due to temporal shielding or interference with risk cues. Subtle temporal avoidance and nocturnality may enable mesopredators to cope with interspecific aggression at shared spatial resources. Higher human activity moderated the effects of top-down temporal suppression which could consequently affect the trophic interactions of mesopredators. Significance statement Temporal partitioning can provide an important mechanism for spatial resource access and species coexistence. Our findings show that carnivores partition the use of shared travel routes in time, using the cover of darkness to travel safely where their suppressors (large carnivores) are more active. We however observed fox nocturnality to be flexible, with responses depending on the activity levels but also the composition of apex predators. High human activity modified the top-down temporal suppression of mesopredators by large carnivores. The use of time by predators can have demographic and trophic consequences. Prey accessibility and susceptibility can be temporally variable. As such, the ecosystem services and the ecological roles of predators may be affected by human time use as well as that of intraguild competitors. Temporal interactions should not be overlooked when evaluating human use and conservation priorities in protected areas.

Enhancing the Scientific Value of Industry Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) in Our Oceans - Dianne L. McLean; Miles J. G. Parsons; Andrew R. Gates; Mark C. Benfield; Todd Bond; David J. Booth; Michael Bunce; Ashley M. Fowler; Euan S. Harvey; Peter I. Macreadie; Charitha B. Pattiaratchi; Sally Rouse; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Impact of a novel home-based exercise intervention on health indicators in inactive premenopausal women: a 12-week randomised controlled trial - Luke J. Connolly; Suzanne Scott; Carmelina M. Morencos; Jonathan Fulford; Andrew M. Jones; Karen Knapp; Peter Krustrup; Stephen J. Bailey; Joanna L. Bowtell (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020)

Dynamics of dissolved organic matter in headwaters: comparison of headwater streams with contrasting DOM and nutrient composition - Ophelie Fovet; David M. Cooper; Davey L. Jones; Timothy G. Jones; Chris D. Evans (Aquatic Sciences, 2020)

Mexico ants: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic–Neotropical interface - Wesley Dáttilo; Miguel Vásquez‐Bolaños; Diana A. Ahuatzin; Reuber Antoniazzi; Edgar Chávez‐González; Erick Corro; Pedro Luna; Roger Guevara; Fabricio Villalobos; Ricardo Madrigal‐Chavero; Jéssica C. de Faria Falcão; Adrián Bonilla‐Ramírez; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Mexico is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with an important proportion of endemism mainly because of the convergence of the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic regions, which generate great diversity and species turnover at different spatial scales. However, most of our knowledge of the Mexican ant biota is limited to a few well‐studied taxa, and we lack a comprehensive synthesis of ant biodiversity information. For instance, most of the knowledge available in the literature on Mexican ant fauna refers only to species lists by states, or is focused on only a few regions of the country, which prevents the study of several basic and applied aspects of ants, from diversity and distribution to conservation. Our aims in this data paper are therefore (1) to compile all the information available regarding ants across the Mexican territory, and (2) to identify major patterns in the gathered data set and geographic gaps in order to direct future sampling efforts. All records were obtained from raw data, including both unpublished and published information. After exhaustive filtering and updating information and synonyms, we compiled a total of 21,731 records for 887 ant species distributed throughout Mexico from 1894 to 2018. These records were concentrated mainly in the states of Chiapas ( n = 6,902, 32.76%) and Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( n = 4,329, 19.92%), which together comprise half the records. The subfamily with the highest number of records was Myrmicinae ( n = 10,458 records, 48.12%), followed by Formicinae ( n = 3,284, 15.11%) and Ponerinae ( n = 1,914, 8.8%). Most ant records were collected in the Neotropical region of the country ( n = 12,646, 58.19%), followed by the Mexican transition zone ( n = 5,237, 24.09%) and the Nearctic region ( n = 3,848, 17.72%). Native species comprised 95.46% of the records ( n = 20,745). To the best of our knowledge, this is the most complete data set available to date in the literature for the country. We hope that this compilation will encourage researchers to explore different aspects of the population and community research of ants at different spatial scales, and to aid in the establishment of conservation policies and actions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using its data for publications or teaching events.

Mapping Exposure to Flooding in Three Coastal Communities on the North Slope of Alaska Using Airborne LiDAR - Trevor C. Lantz; Nina D. Moffat; Benjamin M. Jones; Qi Chen; Craig E. Tweedie (Coastal Management, 2020)

Quality control of pollen identification and quantification exercise for the AusPollen Aerobiology Collaboration Network: a pilot study - Andelija Milic; Beth Addison-Smith; Penelope J. Jones; Paul J. Beggs; Bircan Erbas; Janet M. Davies (Aerobiologia, 2020)

Civil disobedience movements such as School Strike for the Climate are raising public awareness of the climate change emergency - Stephen J. Thackeray; Sharon A. Robinson; Pete Smith; Rhea Bruno; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Carl Bernacchi; Maria Byrne; William Cheung; M. Francesca Cotrufo; Phillip Gienapp; Sue Hartley; Ivan Janssens; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)

Characterisation and cross-amplification of 42 microsatellite markers in two Amphiprion species (Pomacentridae) and a natural hybrid anemonefish to inform genetic structure within a hybrid zone - A. Gainsford; G. P. Jones; M. G. Gardner; L. van Herwerden (Molecular Biology Reports, 2020)

Lumbar spinal cord microglia exhibited increased activation in aging dogs compared with young adult dogs - Christine M. Toedebusch; Virginia B. Garcia; John C. Snyder; Maria R. Jones; David J Schulz; Gayle C. Johnson; Eric Villalón; Joan R. Coates; Michael L. Garcia (GeroScience, 2020)

Inhibitory extracts of calamondin leaves associated with precipitous decline of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri populations - Christopher M. Ference; Elizabeth A. Baldwin; John A. Manthey; Jeffrey B. Jones (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020)

Temporal evolution of temperatures in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden based on in situ observations (1958–2017) - Miguel Agulles; Gabriel Jordà; Burt Jones; Susana Agustí; Carlos M. Duarte (Ocean Science, 2020)
The Red Sea holds one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world, although fragile and vulnerable to ocean warming. Several studies have analysed the spatio-temporal evolution of temperature in the Red Sea using satellite data, thus focusing only on the surface layer and covering the last ∼30 years. To better understand the long-term variability and trends of temperature in the whole water column, we produce a 3-D gridded temperature product (TEMPERSEA) for the period 1958–2017, based on a large number of in situ observations, covering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. After a specific quality control, a mapping algorithm based on optimal interpolation have been applied to homogenize the data. Also, an estimate of the uncertainties of the product has been generated. The calibration of the algorithm and the uncertainty computation has been done through sensitivity experiments based on synthetic data from a realistic numerical simulation. TEMPERSEA has been compared to satellite observations of sea surface temperature for the period 1981–2017, showing good agreement especially in those periods when a reasonable number of observations were available. Also, very good agreement has been found between air temperatures and reconstructed sea temperatures in the upper 100 m for the whole period 1958–2017, enhancing confidence in the quality of the product. The product has been used to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the temperature field in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at different timescales (seasonal, interannual and multidecadal). Clear differences have been found between the two regions suggesting that the Red Sea variability is mainly driven by air–sea interactions, while in the Gulf of Aden the lateral advection of water plays a relevant role. Regarding long-term evolution, our results show only positive trends above 40 m depth, with maximum trends of 0.045 + 0.016 ∘C decade−1 at 15 m, and the largest negative trends at 125 m (-0.072+0.011 ∘C decade−1). Multidecadal variations have a strong impact on the trend computation and restricting them to the last 30–40 years of data can bias high the trend estimates.

Estimating Mangrove Tree Biomass and Carbon Content: A Comparison of Forest Inventory Techniques and Drone Imagery - Alice R. Jones; Ramesh Raja Segaran; Kenneth D. Clarke; Michelle Waycott; William S. H. Goh; Bronwyn M. Gillanders (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Historical reviews of the assessment of human cardiovascular function: interrogation and understanding of the control of skin blood flow - David. A. Low; Helen Jones; N. Tim Cable; Lacy M. Alexander; W. Larry Kenney (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020)
Several techniques exist for the determination of skin blood flow that have historically been used in the investigation of thermoregulatory control of skin blood flow, and more recently, in clinical assessments or as an index of global vascular function. Skin blood flow measurement techniques differ in their methodology and their strengths and limitations. To examine the historical development of techniques for assessing skin blood flow by describing the origin, basic principles, and important aspects of each procedure and to provide recommendations for best practise. Venous occlusion plethysmography was one of the earliest techniques to intermittently index a limb’s skin blood flow under conditions in which local muscle blood flow does not change. The introduction of laser Doppler flowmetry provided a method that continuously records an index of skin blood flow (red cell flux) (albeit from a relatively small skin area) that requires normalisation due to high site-to-site variability. The subsequent development of laser Doppler and laser speckle imaging techniques allows the mapping of skin blood flow from larger surface areas and the visualisation of capillary filling from the dermal plexus in two dimensions. The use of iontophoresis or intradermal microdialysis in conjunction with laser Doppler methods allows for the local delivery of pharmacological agents to interrogate the local and neural control of skin blood flow. The recent development of optical coherence tomography promises further advances in assessment of the skin circulation via three-dimensional imaging of the skin microvasculature for quantification of vessel diameter and vessel recruitment.

Knowledge of, and beliefs about, access to screening facilities and cervical cancer screening behaviors among low-income women in New Jersey - Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera; Elisa V. Bandera; Beth A. Jones; Alejandra M. Kaplan; Kitaw Demisse (Cancer Causes & Control, 2020)

Toxicity testing in the 21st century: progress in the past decade and future perspectives - D. Krewski; M. E. Andersen; M. G. Tyshenko; K. Krishnan; T. Hartung; K. Boekelheide; J. F. Wambaugh; D. Jones; M. Whelan; R. Thomas; C. Yauk; T. Barton-Maclaren; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2020)

Development of a Concussion Risk Function for a Youth Population Using Head Linear and Rotational Acceleration - Eamon T. Campolettano; Ryan A. Gellner; Eric P. Smith; Srinidhi Bellamkonda; Casey T. Tierney; Joseph J. Crisco; Derek A. Jones; Mireille E. Kelley; Jillian E. Urban; Joel D. Stitzel; Amaris Genemaras; Jonathan G. Beckwith; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2020)
Physical differences between youth and adults, which include incomplete myelination, limited neck muscle development, and a higher head-body ratio in the youth population, likely contribute towards the increased susceptibility of youth to concussion. Previous research efforts have considered the biomechanics of concussion for adult populations, but these known age-related differences highlight the necessity of quantifying the risk of concussion for a youth population. This study adapted the previously developed Generalized Acceleration Model for Brian Injury Threshold (GAMBIT) that combines linear and rotational head acceleration to model the risk of concussion for a youth population with the Generalized Acceleration Model for Concussion in Youth (GAM-CY). Survival analysis was used in conjunction with head impact data collected during participation in youth football to model risk between individuals who sustained medically-diagnosed concussions ( n = 15). Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated for peak linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and GAM-CY, all of which were observed to be better injury predictors than random guessing. GAM-CY was associated with an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.95) when all head impacts experienced by the concussed players were considered. Concussion tolerance was observed to be lower for youth athletes, with average peak linear head acceleration of 62.4 ± 29.7 g compared to 102.5 ± 32.7 g for adults and average peak rotational head acceleration of 2609 ± 1591 rad/s 2 compared to 4412 ± 2326 rad/s 2 . These data provide further evidence of age-related differences in concussion tolerance and may be used for the development of youth-specific protective designs.

Metformin Hydrochloride and Sitagliptin Phosphate Fixed-Dose Combination Product Prepared Using Melt Granulation Continuous Processing Technology - Jeremiah F. Kelleher; Atif M. Madi; Gareth C. Gilvary; Y. W. Tian; Shu Li; Ammar Almajaan; Zoe S. Loys; David S. Jones; Gavin P. Andrews; Anne Marie Healy (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2020)

Traces of volcanic ash from the Mediterranean, Iceland and North America in a Holocene record from south Wales, UK - Gwydion Jones; Siwan M. Davies; Richard A. Staff; Neil J. Loader; Sarah J. Davies; Michael J. C. Walker (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2020)
A tephra record is presented for a sediment core from Llyn Llech Owain, south Wales, spanning the early‐ to mid‐Holocene. Seven cryptotephra deposits are discovered with three thought to correlate with known eruptions and the remaining four considered to represent previously undocumented events. One deposit is suggested to correlate with the ~6.9 cal ka bp Lairg A tephra from Iceland, whereas more distant sources are proposed as the origin for two of the tephra deposits. A peak of colourless shards in early‐Holocene sediments is thought to tentatively correlate with the ~9.6 cal ka bp Fondi di Baia tephra (Campi Flegrei) and a second cryptotephra is tentatively correlated with the ~3.6 cal ka bp Aniakchak (CFE) II tephra (Alaska). The Fondi di Baia tephra has never been recorded beyond proximal sites and its discovery in south Wales significantly extends the geographical distribution of ash from this eruption. The remaining four cryptotephra deposits are yet to be correlated with known eruptions, demonstrating that our current understanding of widespread tephra deposits is incomplete. This new tephra record highlights the potential for sites at more southerly and westerly locations in northwest Europe to act as repositories for ash from several volcanic regions.

Factors associated with severity of naturally occurring piscirickettsiosis in netpen‐ and tank‐reared juvenile Atlantic salmon at a research aquarium in western Canada - Simon R. M. Jones; Amy Long; Christine MacWilliams; Mark Polinski; Kyle Garver (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2020)
The opportunistic examination of factors associated with an outbreak of piscirickettsiosis (SRS) is described in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post‐smolts held in an open netpen or in tanks supplied with raw sea water at a research aquarium in western Canada. During the outbreak, seawater temperature was significantly higher and salinity significantly lower in the netpen compared with the tanks. Mortality in the netpen began approximately 3 weeks prior to that in the tanks, and cumulative mortality in the netpen (34%) was significantly higher than in the tanks (12%). Piscirickettsia salmonis was confirmed by qPCR in tissues from moribund and dead fish and from colonies grown on enriched blood agar medium. Neither P. salmonis nor SRS were observed in salmon held concurrently in UV‐irradiated sea water. The elevated mortality was curtailed by treatment with oxytetracycline. These observations further indicate warmer, less saline and periodically hypoxic seawater are risk factors for SRS. UV irradiation of sea water is shown to be a tool for SRS management in fish‐holding facilities.

A comparison of regional brain volumes and white matter connectivity in subjects with stimulant induced psychosis versus schizophrenia - Peter D. Alexander; Kristina M. Gicas; Alex Cheng; Donna J. Lang; Ric M. Procyshyn; Alexandra T. Vertinsky; William J. Panenka; Allen E. Thornton; Alexander Rauscher; Jamie Y. X. Wong; Tasha Chan; Andrea A. Jones; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

Automated lifespan determination across Caenorhabditis strains and species reveals assay-specific effects of chemical interventions - Stephen A. Banse; Mark Lucanic; Christine A. Sedore; Anna L. Coleman-Hulbert; W. Todd Plummer; Esteban Chen; Jason L. Kish; David Hall; Brian Onken; Michael P. Presley; E. Grace Jones; Benjamin W. Blue; et al. (GeroScience, 2019)
The goal of the Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program is to identify robust and reproducible pro-longevity interventions that are efficacious across genetically diverse cohorts in the Caenorhabditis genus. The project design features multiple experimental replicates collected by three different laboratories. Our initial effort employed fully manual survival assays. With an interest in increasing throughput, we explored automation with flatbed scanner-based Automated Lifespan Machines (ALMs). We used ALMs to measure survivorship of 22 Caenorhabditis strains spanning three species. Additionally, we tested five chemicals that we previously found extended lifespan in manual assays. Overall, we found similar sources of variation among trials for the ALM and our previous manual assays, verifying reproducibility of outcome. Survival assessment was generally consistent between the manual and the ALM assays, although we did observe radically contrasting results for certain compound interventions. We found that particular lifespan outcome differences could be attributed to protocol elements such as enhanced light exposure of specific compounds in the ALM, underscoring that differences in technical details can influence outcomes and therefore interpretation. Overall, we demonstrate that the ALMs effectively reproduce a large, conventionally scored dataset from a diverse test set, independently validating ALMs as a robust and reproducible approach toward aging-intervention screening.

Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus - Kevin D Murray; Jasmine K Janes; Ashley Jones; Helen M Bothwell; Rose L Andrew; Justin O Borevitz (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Spatial genetic patterns are influenced by numerous factors, and they can vary even among coexisting, closely related species due to differences in dispersal and selection. Eucalyptus (L'Héritier 1789; the “eucalypts”) are foundation tree species that provide essential habitat and modulate ecosystem services throughout Australia. Here we present a study of landscape genomic variation in two woodland eucalypt species, using whole‐genome sequencing of 388 individuals of Eucalyptus albens and Eucalyptus sideroxylon . We found exceptionally high genetic diversity ( π ≈ 0.05) and low genome‐wide, interspecific differentiation ( F ST = 0.15) and intraspecific differentiation between localities ( F ST ≈ 0.01–0.02). We found no support for strong, discrete population structure, but found substantial support for isolation by geographic distance (IBD) in both species. Using generalized dissimilarity modelling, we identified additional isolation by environment (IBE). Eucalyptus albens showed moderate IBD, and environmental variables have a small but significant amount of additional predictive power (i.e. IBE). Eucalyptus sideroxylon showed much stronger IBD and moderate IBE. These results highlight the vast adaptive potential of these species and set the stage for testing evolutionary hypotheses of interspecific adaptive differentiation across environments.

Zones of influence for soil organic matter dynamics: A conceptual framework for data and models - Claudia Cagnarini; Eleanor Blyth; Bridget A. Emmett; Chris D. Evans; Robert I. Griffiths; Aidan Keith; Laurence Jones; Inma Lebron; Niall P. McNamara; Jeremy Puissant; Sabine Reinsch; David A. Robinson; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an indicator of sustainable land management as stated in the global indicator framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Indicator 15.3.1). Improved forecasting of future changes in SOM is needed to support the development of more sustainable land management under a changing climate. Current models fail to reproduce historical trends in SOM both within and during transition between ecosystems. More realistic spatio‐temporal SOM dynamics require inclusion of the recent paradigm shift from SOM recalcitrance as an ‘intrinsic property’ to SOM persistence as an ‘ecosystem interaction’. We present a soil profile, or pedon‐explicit, ecosystem‐scale framework for data and models of SOM distribution and dynamics which can better represent land use transitions. Ecosystem‐scale drivers are integrated with pedon‐scale processes in two zones of influence. In the upper vegetation zone, SOM is affected primarily by plant inputs (above‐ and belowground), climate, microbial activity and physical aggregation and is prone to destabilization. In the lower mineral matrix zone, SOM inputs from the vegetation zone are controlled primarily by mineral phase and chemical interactions, resulting in more favourable conditions for SOM persistence. Vegetation zone boundary conditions vary spatially at landscape scales (vegetation cover) and temporally at decadal scales (climate). Mineral matrix zone boundary conditions vary spatially at landscape scales (geology, topography) but change only slowly. The thicknesses of the two zones and their transport connectivity are dynamic and affected by plant cover, land use practices, climate and feedbacks from current SOM stock in each layer. Using this framework, we identify several areas where greater knowledge is needed to advance the emerging paradigm of SOM dynamics—improved representation of plant‐derived carbon inputs, contributions of soil biota to SOM storage and effect of dynamic soil structure on SOM storage—and how this can be combined with robust and efficient soil monitoring.

Archaeobotanical investigations at the earliest horse herder site of Botai in Kazakhstan - Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute; E. Lightfoot; X. Liu; J. Jacob; A. K. Outram; V. F. Zaibert; S. Zakharov; M. K. Jones (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019)

The role of receptor MAS in microglia-driven retinal vascular development - S. Foulquier; V. Caolo; G. Swennen; I. Milanova; S. Reinhold; C. Recarti; N. Alenina; M. Bader; U. M. Steckelings; T. Vanmierlo; M. J. Post; E. A. Jones; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2019)

Urbanization impacts apex predator gene flow but not genetic diversity across an urban‐rural divide - Daryl R. Trumbo; Patricia E. Salerno; Kenneth A. Logan; Mathew W. Alldredge; Roderick B. Gagne; Christopher P. Kozakiewicz; Simona Kraberger; Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones; Meggan E. Craft; Scott Carver; Holly B. Ernest; Kevin R. Crooks; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Apex predators are important indicators of intact natural ecosystems. They are also sensitive to urbanization because they require broad home ranges and extensive contiguous habitat to support their prey base. Pumas ( Puma concolor ) can persist near human developed areas, but urbanization may be detrimental to their movement ecology, population structure, and genetic diversity. To investigate potential effects of urbanization in population connectivity of pumas, we performed a landscape genomics study of 130 pumas on the rural Western Slope and more urbanized Front Range of Colorado, USA. Over 12,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using double‐digest, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). We investigated patterns of gene flow and genetic diversity, and tested for correlations between key landscape variables and genetic distance to assess the effects of urbanization and other landscape factors on gene flow. Levels of genetic diversity were similar for the Western Slope and Front Range, but effective population sizes were smaller, genetic distances were higher, and there was more admixture in the more urbanized Front Range. Forest cover was strongly positively associated with puma gene flow on the Western Slope, while impervious surfaces restricted gene flow and more open, natural habitats enhanced gene flow on the Front Range. Landscape genomic analyses revealed differences in puma movement and gene flow patterns in rural versus urban settings. Our results highlight the utility of dense, genome‐scale markers to document subtle impacts of urbanization on a wide‐ranging carnivore living near a large urban center.

Variation in dissolved organic matter (DOM) stoichiometry in U.K. freshwaters: Assessing the influence of land cover and soil C:N ratio on DOM composition - Christopher A. Yates; Penny J. Johnes; Alun T. Owen; Francesca L. Brailsford; Helen C. Glanville; Christopher D. Evans; Miles R. Marshall; David L. Jones; Charlotte E. M. Lloyd; Tim Jickells; Richard P. Evershed (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in freshwater biogeochemistry. To investigate the influence of catchment character on the quality and quantity of DOM in freshwaters, 45 sampling sites draining subcatchments of contrasting soil type, hydrology, and land cover within one large upland‐dominated and one large lowland‐dominated catchment were sampled over a 1‐yr period. Dominant land cover in each subcatchment included: arable and horticultural, blanket peatland, coniferous woodland, and improved, unimproved, acid, and calcareous grasslands. The composition of the C, N, and P pool was determined as a function of the inorganic nutrient species (NO 3 − , NO 2 − , NH 4 + , and PO 4 3− ) and dissolved organic nutrient (dissolved organic carbon [DOC], dissolved organic nitrogen [DON], and dissolved organic phosphorus [DOP]) concentrations. DOM quality was assessed by calculation of the molar DOC : DON and DOC : DOP ratios and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA 254 ). In catchments with little anthropogenic nutrient inputs, DON and DOP typically composed > 80% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) concentrations. By contrast, in heavily impacted agricultural catchments DON and DOP typically comprised 5–15% of TDN and 10–25% of TDP concentrations. Significant differences in DOC : DON and DOC : DOP ratios were observed between land cover class with significant correlations observed between both the DOC : DON and DOC : DOP molar ratios and SUVA 254 ( r s = 0.88 and 0.84, respectively). Analysis also demonstrated a significant correlation between soil C : N ratio and instream DOC : DON/DOP ( r s = 0.79 and 0.71, respectively). We infer from this that soil properties, specifically the C : N ratio of the soil organic matter pool, has a significant influence on the composition of DOM in streams draining through these landscapes.

Mapping Tasmania's cultural landscapes: Using habitat suitability modelling of archaeological sites as a landscape history tool - Penelope J. Jones; Grant J. Williamson; David M. J. S. Bowman; Edward C. Lefroy (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim Understanding past distributions of people across the landscape is key to understanding how people used, affected and related to the natural environment. Here, we use habitat suitability modelling to represent the landscape distribution of Tasmanian Aboriginal archaeological sites and assess the implications for patterns of past human activity. Location Tasmania, Australia. Methods We developed a RandomForest ‘habitat suitability' model of site records in the Tasmanian Aboriginal Heritage Register. We applied a best‐effort bias correction, considered 31 predictor variables relating to climate, topography and resource proximity, and used a variable selection procedure to optimize the final model. Model uncertainty was assessed via bootstrapping and we ran an analogous MaxEnt model as a cross‐validation exercise. Results The results from the RandomForest and MaxEnt models are highly congruent. The strongest environmental predictors of site occurrence include distance to coast, elevation, soil clay content, topographic roughness and distance to inland water. The highest habitat suitability scores are distributed across a wide range of environments in central, northern and eastern Tasmania, including coastal areas, inland water body margins and forests and savannas in the drier parts of Tasmania. With the exception of coastal areas much of western Tasmania has low habitat suitability scores, consistent with theories of low‐density Holocene Tasmanian Aboriginal settlement in this region. Main conclusions Our modelling suggests Tasmanian Aboriginal people occupied a heterogeneity of habitats but targeted coastal areas around the whole island, and drier, less steep and/or open forest and savanna environments in the central lowlands . The western interior was identified as being rarely used by Aboriginal people in the Holocene, with the exception of isolated pockets of habitat; yet whether this is a true reflection of Aboriginal‐resourceuse demands increased archaeological surveys, particularly in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

Stratigraphic and igneous relationships west of Yass, eastern Lachlan Orogen, southeastern Australia: subsurface structure related to caldera collapse? - C. L. Fergusson; B. E. Chenhall; S. Guy; B. G. Jones; M. Solomons; G. P. Colquhoun (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019)

Crouzon syndrome mouse model exhibits cartilage hyperproliferation and defective segmentation in the developing trachea - Elizabeth A. Hines; Mary-Kayt N. Jones; Julie F. Harvey; Chad Perlyn; David M. Ornitz; Xin Sun; Jamie M. Verheyden (Science China Life Sciences, 2019)

An approach to forecast grain crop yield using multi-layered, multi-farm data sets and machine learning - Patrick Filippi; Edward J. Jones; Niranjan S. Wimalathunge; Pallegedara D. S. N. Somarathna; Liana E. Pozza; Sabastine U. Ugbaje; Thomas G. Jephcott; Stacey E. Paterson; Brett M. Whelan; Thomas F. A. Bishop (Precision Agriculture, 2019)

Amino acid-linked platinum(II) compounds: non-canonical nucleoside preferences and influence on glycosidic bond stabilities - Bett Kimutai; C. C. He; Andrew Roberts; Marcel L. Jones; Xun Bao; Jun Jiang; Zhihua Yang; M. T. Rodgers; Christine S. Chow (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2019)

Predicting the outcome of potential novel associations: interactions between the invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum and native western Chrysochus beetles - R. B. deJonge; R. S. Bourchier; I. M. Jones; S. M. Smith (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Variation in hybrid gene expression: Implications for the evolution of genetic incompatibilities in interbreeding species - Fabian Seidl; Nicholas A. Levis; Corbin D. Jones; Anaïs Monroy‐Eklund; Ian M. Ehrenreich; Karin S. Pfennig (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Interbreeding species often produce low‐fitness hybrids due to genetic incompatibilities between parental genomes. Whether these incompatibilities reflect fixed allelic differences between hybridizing species, or, alternatively, standing variants that segregate within them, remains unknown for many natural systems. Yet, evaluating these alternatives is important for understanding the origins and nature of species boundaries. We examined these alternatives using spadefoot toads (genus Spea ), which naturally hybridize. Specifically, we contrasted patterns of gene expression in hybrids relative to pure‐species types in experimentally produced tadpoles from allopatric parents versus those from sympatric parents. We evaluated the prediction that segregating variation should result in gene expression differences between hybrids derived from sympatric parents versus hybrids derived from allopatric parents, and found that 24% of the transcriptome showed such differences. Our results further suggest that gene expression in hybrids has evolved in sympatry owing to evolutionary pressures associated with ongoing hybridization. Although we did not measure hybrid incompatibilities directly, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the nature of hybrid incompatibilities, how they might vary across populations over time, and the resulting effects on the evolutionary maintenance ‐ or breakdown ‐ of reproductive barriers between species.

Constraining the Oceanic Uptake and Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases by Building an Ocean Network of Certified Stations: The Ocean Component of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, ICOS-Oceans - Tobias Steinhoff; Thanos Gkritzalis; Siv K. Lauvset; Steve Jones; Ute Schuster; Are Olsen; Meike Becker; Roberto Bozzano; Fabio Brunetti; Carolina Cantoni; Vanessa Cardin; Denis Diverrès; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Host plant-dependent effects of microbes and phytochemistry on the insect immune response - Su’ad A. Yoon; Joshua G. Harrison; Casey S. Philbin; Craig D. Dodson; Danielle M. Jones; Ian S. Wallace; Matthew L. Forister; Angela M. Smilanich (Oecologia, 2019)

Radical S-adenosylmethionine maquette chemistry: Cx3Cx2C peptide coordinated redox active [4Fe–4S] clusters - Amanda Galambas; Jacquelyn Miller; Morgan Jones; Elizabeth McDaniel; Molly Lukes; Hope Watts; Valérie Copié; Joan B. Broderick; Robert K. Szilagyi; Eric M. Shepard (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2019)

A virome from ornamental flowers in an Australian rural town - S. J. Wylie; T. T. Tran; D. Q. Nguyen; S.-H. Koh; A. Chakraborty; W. Xu; M. G. K. Jones; H. Li (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Ecology of a polymetallic nodule occurrence gradient: Implications for deep‐sea mining - Erik Simon‐Lledó; Brian J. Bett; Veerle A. I. Huvenne; Timm Schoening; Noelie M. A. Benoist; Daniel O. B. Jones (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)
Abyssal polymetallic nodule fields constitute an unusual deep‐sea habitat. The mix of soft sediment and the hard substratum provided by nodules increases the complexity of these environments. Hard substrata typically support a very distinct fauna to that of seabed sediments, and its presence can play a major role in the structuring of benthic assemblages. We assessed the influence of seafloor nodule cover on the megabenthos of a marine conservation area (area of particular environmental interest 6) in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (3950–4250 m water depth) using extensive photographic surveys from an autonomous underwater vehicle. Variations in nodule cover (1–20%) appeared to exert statistically significant differences in faunal standing stocks, some biological diversity attributes, faunal composition, functional group composition, and the distribution of individual species. The standing stock of both the metazoan fauna and the giant protists (xenophyophores) doubled with a very modest initial increase in nodule cover (from 1% to 3%). Perhaps contrary to expectation, we detected little if any substantive variation in biological diversity along the nodule cover gradient. Faunal composition varied continuously along the nodule cover gradient. We discuss these results in the context of potential seabed‐mining operations and the associated sustainable management and conservation plans. We note in particular that successful conservation actions will likely require the preservation of areas comprising the full range of nodule cover and not just the low cover areas that are least attractive to mining.

Plumage and bill abnormalities in albatross chicks on Marion Island - Michelle M. Risi; Christopher W. Jones; Stefan Schoombie; Peter G. Ryan (Polar Biology, 2019)

Diffusion modeling of interference and decay in auditory short-term memory - Tyler D. Bancroft; Tyler M. Ensor; William E. Hockley; Philip Servos; Jeffery A. Jones (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Population genetic assessment of two critically endangered freshwater mussel species, Tennessee bean Venustaconcha trabalis and Cumberland bean Venustaconcha troostensis - Timothy W. Lane; Eric M. Hallerman; Jess W. Jones (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Seasonal Antarctic pressure variability during the twentieth century from spatially complete reconstructions and CAM5 simulations - Ryan L. Fogt; David P. Schneider; Chad A. Goergens; Julie M. Jones; Logan N. Clark; Michael J. Garberoglio (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

HIV-1 Tat and opioids act independently to limit antiretroviral brain concentrations and reduce blood–brain barrier integrity - Crystal R. Leibrand; Jason J. Paris; Austin M. Jones; Quamrun N. Masuda; Matthew S. Halquist; Woong-Ki Kim; Pamela E. Knapp; Angela D. M. Kashuba; Kurt F. Hauser; MaryPeace McRae (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2019)

Global challenges for seagrass conservation - Richard K. F. Unsworth; Len J. McKenzie; Catherine J. Collier; Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth; Carlos M. Duarte; Johan S. Eklöf; Jessie C. Jarvis; Benjamin L. Jones; Lina M. Nordlund (Ambio, 2019)

Early life social and ecological determinants of global DNA methylation in wild spotted hyenas - Zachary M. Laubach; Christopher D. Faulk; Dana C. Dolinoy; Luke Montrose; Tamara R. Jones; Donna Ray; Malit O. Pioon; Kay E. Holekamp (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Environmental factors early in life can have lasting influence on the development and phenotypes of animals, but the underlying molecular modifications remain poorly understood. We examined cross‐sectional associations among early life socioecological factors and global DNA methylation in 293 wild spotted hyenas ( Crocuta crocuta ) in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, grouped according to three age classes (cub, subadult and adult). Explanatory variables of interest included annual maternal rank based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic interactions, litter size, wild ungulate prey density and anthropogenic disturbance in the year each hyena was born based on counts of illegal livestock in the Reserve. The dependent variable of interest was global DNA methylation, assessed via the LUminometric Methylation Assay, which provides a percentage methylation value calculated at CCGG sites across the genome. Among cubs, we observed approximately 2.75% higher CCGG methylation in offspring born to high‐ than low‐ranking mothers. Among cubs and subadults, higher anthropogenic disturbance corresponded with greater %CCGG methylation. In both cubs and adults, we found an inverse association between prey density measured before a hyena was 3 months old and %CCGG methylation. Our results suggest that maternal rank, anthropogenic disturbance and prey availability early in life are associated with later life global DNA methylation. Future studies are required to understand the extent to which these DNA methylation patterns relate to adult phenotypes and fitness outcomes.

Cryptic dispersal networks shape biodiversity in an invaded landscape - Rachel M. Germain; Natalie T. Jones; Tess Nahanni Grainger (Ecology, 2019)
Species interact with the physical world in complex ways, and life‐history strategies could cause species to differ in how they experience the connectedness of the same landscape. As a consequence, dispersal limitation might be present but not captured by distance‐based measures of connectivity. To test these ideas, we surveyed plant communities that live on discrete patches of serpentine habitat embedded within an invaded nonserpentine habitat matrix. Species in these communities differ in dispersal mode (gravity, animal, or wind); thus we used satellite imagery to quantify landscape features that might differentially influence connectivity for some dispersal‐ mode groups over others (surface streams, animal paths). Our data yielded two key insights: first, dispersal limitation appeared to be absent using a conventional distance‐based measure of connectivity, but emerged after considering forms of landscape connectivity relevant to each dispersal mode. Second, the landscape variables that emerged as most important to each dispersal mode were generally consistent with our predictions based on species’ putative dispersal vectors, but also included unexpected interactive effects. For example, the richness of animal‐dispersed species was positively associated with animal connectivity when patches were close in space, but when patches were isolated, animals had a strong negative effect. This finding alludes to the reduced ability of animals to disperse seeds between suitable patches in invaded landscapes because of increased inter‐patch distances. Real landscapes include complex spatial flows of energy and matter, which, as our work demonstrates, sets up ecological opportunity for organisms to differ in how they disperse in a common landscape.

An Australian perspective on rewilding - Oisín F. Sweeney; John Turnbull; Menna Jones; Mike Letnic; Thomas M. Newsome; Andy Sharp (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Rewilding is increasingly recognized as a conservation tool but is often context specific, which inhibits broad application. Rewilding in Australia seeks to enhance ecosystem function and promote self‐sustaining ecosystems. An absence of large‐bodied native herbivores means trophic rewilding in mainland Australia has focused on the restoration of functions provided by apex predators and small mammals. Because of the pervasive influence of introduced mesopredators, predator‐proof fences, and establishment of populations on predator‐free islands are common rewilding approaches. This sets Australian rewilding apart from most jurisdictions and provides globally relevant insights but presents challenges to restoring function to broader landscapes. Passive rewilding is of limited utility in arid zones. Although increasing habitat extent and quality in mesic coastal areas may work, it will likely be necessary to undertake active management. Because much of Australia's population is in urban areas, rewilding efforts must include urban areas to maximize effectiveness. Thus rewilding is not synonymous with wilderness and can occur over multiple scales. Rewilding efforts must recognize human effects on other species and benefit both nature and humans. Rewilding in Australia requires development of a shared vision and strategy and proof‐of‐concept projects to demonstrate the benefits. The repackaging of existing conservation activities as rewilding may confuse and undermine the success of rewilding programs and should be avoided. As elsewhere, rewilding in Australia should be viewed as an important conservation tool.

Impact of ocean acidification and high solar radiation on productivity and species composition of a late summer phytoplankton community of the coastal Western Antarctic Peninsula - Jasmin P. Heiden; Christian Völkner; Elizabeth M. Jones; Willem H. van de Poll; Anita G. J. Buma; Michael P. Meredith; Hein J. W. de Baar; Kai Bischof; Dieter Wolf‐Gladrow; Scarlett Trimborn (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most productive regions of the Southern Ocean, is currently undergoing rapid environmental changes such as ocean acidification (OA) and increased daily irradiances from enhanced surface‐water stratification. To assess the potential for future biological CO 2 sequestration of this region, we incubated a natural phytoplankton assemblage from Ryder Bay, WAP, under a range of pCO 2 levels (180 μ atm, 450 μ atm, and 1000 μ atm) combined with either moderate or high natural solar radiation (MSR: 124 μ mol photons m −2 s −1 and HSR: 435 μ mol photons m −2 s −1 , respectively). The initial and final phytoplankton communities were numerically dominated by the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica , with the single cells initially being predominant and solitary and colonial cells reaching similar high abundances by the end. Only when communities were grown under ambient pCO 2 in conjunction with HSR did the small diatom Fragilariopsis pseudonana outcompete P. antarctica at the end of the experiment. Such positive light‐dependent growth response of the diatom was, however, dampened by OA. These changes in community composition were caused by an enhanced photosensitivity of diatoms, especially F. pseudonana , under OA and HSR, reducing thereby their competitiveness toward P. antarctica . Moreover, community primary production (PP) of all treatments yielded similar high rates at the start and the end of the experiment, but with the main contributors shifting from initially large to small cells toward the end. Even though community PP of Ryder Bay phytoplankton was insensitive to the changes in light and CO 2 availability, the observed size‐dependent shift in productivity could, however, weaken the biological CO 2 sequestration potential of this region in the future.

α5GABAA subunit-containing receptors and sweetened alcohol cue-induced reinstatement and active sweetened alcohol self-administration in male rats - Cassie M. Chandler; Jaren Reeves-Darby; Sherman A. Jones; J. Abigail McDonald; Guanguan Li; Md T. Rahman; James M. Cook; Donna M. Platt (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

First record of a leucistic sub-Antarctic fur seal - Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; Alexis Osborne; Marthán N. Bester (Polar Biology, 2019)

A stem bat (Chiroptera: Palaeochiropterygidae) from the late middle Eocene of northern Anatolia: implications for the dispersal and palaeobiology of early bats - Matthew F. Jones; Pauline M. C. Coster; Alexis Licht; Grégoire Métais; Faruk Ocakoğlu; Michael H. Taylor; K. Christopher Beard (Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2019)

Wind speed predicts population dynamics of the eriophyid mite Floracarus perrepae on invasive Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) in a shade house colony - Aaron S. David; Ian M. Jones; Ellen C. Lake (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2019)

Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria liriodendri and Dactylonectria macrodidyma propagules in grapevines - Chantal M. Probst; Hayley J. Ridgway; Marlene V. Jaspers; E. Eirian Jones (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal soil and sediment samples from the eastern seaboard of the USA - Dale W. Griffin; W. M. Benzel; S. C. Fisher; M. J. Focazio; L. R. Iwanowicz; K. A. Loftin; T. J. Reilly; D. K. Jones (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Critical Evaluation of CrAssphage as a Molecular Marker for Human-Derived Wastewater Contamination in the Aquatic Environment - Kata Farkas; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; David I. Walker; James E. McDonald; Shelagh K. Malham; Davey L. Jones (Food and Environmental Virology, 2019)

Synergistic osmoregulatory dysfunction during salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus co‐infection in sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) smolts - Amy Long; Kyle A. Garver; Simon R. M. Jones (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2019)
While co‐infections are common in both wild and cultured fish, knowledge of the interactive effects of multiple pathogens on host physiology, gene expression and immune response is limited. To evaluate the impact of co‐infection on host survival, physiology and gene expression, sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts were infected with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (V−/SL+), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; V+/SL−), both (V+/SL+), or neither (V−/SL−). Survival in the V+/SL+ group was significantly lower than the V−/SL− and V−/SL+ groups ( p = 0.024). Co‐infected salmon had elevated osmoregulatory indicators and lowered haematocrit values as compared to the uninfected control. Expression of 12 genes associated with the host immune response was analysed in anterior kidney and skin. The only evidence of L. salmonis ‐induced modulation of the host antiviral response was down‐regulation of mhc I although the possibility of modulation cannot be ruled out for mx‐1 and rsad2 . Co‐infection did not influence the expression of genes associated with the host response to L. salmonis . Therefore, we conclude that the reduced survival in co‐infected sockeye salmon resulted from the osmoregulatory consequences of the sea lice infections which were amplified due to infection with IHNV.

Endemic infection can shape exposure to novel pathogens: Pathogen co‐occurrence networks in the Serengeti lions - Nicholas M. Fountain‐Jones; Craig Packer; Maude Jacquot; F. Guillaume Blanchet; Karen Terio; Meggan E. Craft (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Pathogens are embedded in a complex network of microparasites that can collectively or individually alter disease dynamics and outcomes. Endemic pathogens that infect an individual in the first years of life, for example, can either facilitate or compete with subsequent pathogens thereby exacerbating or ameliorating morbidity and mortality. Pathogen associations are ubiquitous but poorly understood, particularly in wild populations. We report here on 10 years of serological and molecular data in African lions, leveraging comprehensive demographic and behavioural data to test if endemic pathogens shape subsequent infection by epidemic pathogens. We combine network and community ecology approaches to assess broad network structure and characterise associations between pathogens across spatial and temporal scales. We found significant non‐random structure in the lion‐pathogen co‐occurrence network and identified both positive and negative associations between endemic and epidemic pathogens. Our results provide novel insights on the complex associations underlying pathogen co‐occurrence networks.

Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean - Lisa A. Levin; Brian J. Bett; Andrew R. Gates; Patrick Heimbach; Bruce M. Howe; Felix Janssen; Andrea McCurdy; Henry A. Ruhl; Paul Snelgrove; Karen I. Stocks; David Bailey; Simone Baumann-Pickering; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Biotechnological application of endophytic filamentous bipolaris and curvularia: a review on bioeconomy impact - Louis Bengyella; Sehrish Iftikhar; Kiran Nawaz; Dobgima J. Fonmboh; Elsie L. Yekwa; Robinson C. Jones; Yiboh M. T. Njanu; Pranab Roy (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019)

Soil and species effects on bark nutrient storage in a premontane tropical forest - Jennifer M. Jones; Katherine D. Heineman; James W. Dalling (Plant and Soil, 2019)

Extra‐pair mating in a socially monogamous and paternal mouth‐brooding cardinalfish - Theresa Rueger; Hugo B. Harrison; Naomi M. Gardiner; Michael L. Berumen; Geoffrey P. Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Many vertebrates form monogamous pairs to mate and care for their offspring. However, genetic tools have increasingly shown that offspring often arise from matings outside of the monogamous pair bond. Social monogamy is relatively common in coral reef fishes, but there have been few studies that have confirmed monogamy or extra‐pair reproduction, either for males or for females. Here, long‐term observations and genetic tools were applied to examine the parentage of embryos in a paternally mouth‐brooding cardinalfish, Sphaeramia nematoptera. Paternal care in fishes, such as mouth‐brooding, is thought to be associated with a high degree of confidence in paternity. Two years of observations confirmed that S. nematoptera form long‐term pair bonds within larger groups. However, genetic parentage revealed extra‐pair mating by both sexes. Of 105 broods analysed from 64 males, 30.1% were mothered by a female that was not the partner and 11.5% of broods included eggs from two females. Despite the high paternal investment associated with mouth‐brooding, 7.6% of broods were fertilized by two males. Extra‐pair matings appeared to be opportunistic encounters with individuals from outside the immediate group. We argue that while pair formation contributes to group cohesion, both males and females can maximize lifetime reproductive success by taking advantage of extra‐pair mating opportunities.

Deformation and mineralisation in the Scotty Creek Basin, Agnew district, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia: evidence for D 1 - and D 3 -related gold mineralisation - S. Jones; A. Waters; P. M. Ashley (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2019)

Mapping the H2 resistance effective against Globodera pallida pathotype Pa1 in tetraploid potato - Shona M. Strachan; Miles R. Armstrong; Amanpreet Kaur; Kathryn M. Wright; Tze Yin Lim; Katie Baker; John Jones; Glenn Bryan; Vivian Blok; Ingo Hein (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Are habitat changes driving the decline of the UK’s most threatened butterfly: the High Brown Fritillary Argynnis adippe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)? - S. Ellis; D. Wainwright; E. B. Dennis; N. A. D. Bourn; C. R. Bulman; R. Hobson; R. Jones; I. Middlebrook; J. Plackett; R. G. Smith; M. Wain; M. S. Warren (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2019)

Sleeping Site Selection in the Nocturnal Northern Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis) Supports Antipredator and Thermoregulatory Hypotheses - Grace Ellison; A. Wolfenden; L. Kahana; A. Kisingo; J. Jamieson; M. Jones; C. M. Bettridge (International Journal of Primatology, 2019)

Factors influencing virulence and conidial production of Neofusicoccum species on grapevine shoots - A. Shafi; H. J. Ridgway; M. V. Jaspers; E. E. Jones (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa isolates from stone fruit orchards sprayed with fungicides displayed a broader range of responses to fungicides than those from unsprayed orchards - T. T. Tran; Hua Li; D. Q. Nguyen; M. G. K. Jones; K. Sivasithamparam; S. J. Wylie (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

Correction to: Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs: are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species? - Rachel E. Ball; Barbara Serra-Pereira; Jim Ellis; Martin J. Genner; Samuel Iglésias; Andrew F. Johnson; Catherine S. Jones; Rob Leslie; Jennifer Lewis; Stefano Mariani; Gui Menezes; Francis Neat; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

UNVEILing connections between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations - Thomas C. Nelson; Matthew R. Jones; Jonathan P. Velotta; Abhilesh S. Dhawanjewar; Rena M. Schweizer (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Understanding the links between genetic variation and fitness in natural populations is a central goal of evolutionary genetics. This monumental task spans the fields of classical and molecular genetics, population genetics, biochemistry, physiology, developmental biology, and ecology. Advances to our molecular and developmental toolkits are facilitating integrative approaches across these traditionally separate fields, providing a more complete picture of the genotype‐phenotype map in natural and non‐model systems. Here, we summarize research presented at the first annual symposium of the UNVEIL Network, an NSF‐funded collaboration between the University of Montana and the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, which took place from the 1st to the 3rd of June, 2018. We discuss how this body of work advances basic evolutionary science, what it implies for our ability to predict evolutionary change, and how it might inform novel conservation strategies.

Advancing Marine Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Reanalyses and Forecasts as Tools for Monitoring and Managing Ecosystem Health - Katja Fennel; Marion Gehlen; Pierre Brasseur; Christopher W. Brown; Stefano Ciavatta; Gianpiero Cossarini; Alessandro Crise; Christopher A. Edwards; David Ford; Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs; Marilaure Gregoire; Emlyn Jones; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

First evidence of mouse attacks on adult albatrosses and petrels breeding on sub-Antarctic Marion and Gough Islands - Christopher W. Jones; Michelle M. Risi; Jaimie Cleeland; Peter G. Ryan (Polar Biology, 2019)

Novel fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts and their in vitro activity as trypanocidal agents - Marisol López-Muñoz; Jessica Johanna Gomez-Peña; Luz Amalia Ríos-Vásquez; Rogelio Ocampo-Cardona; Marjorie A. Jones; Craig S. Haynes; Craig Wallace; Sara M. Robledo (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2019)

Ecohydrographic control on the community structure and vertical distribution of pelagic Chaetognatha in the Red Sea - Kusum Komal Karati; Ali M. Al-Aidaroos; Reny P. Devassy; Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny; Burton H. Jones; Ulrich Sommer; Benjamin Kürten (Marine Biology, 2019)

Residual toxicity of insecticides used against the Asian citrus psyllid and resistance management strategies with thiamethoxam and abamectin - Pilar Vanaclocha; Moneen M. Jones; James A. Tansey; César Monzó; Xulin Chen; Philip A. Stansly (Journal of Pest Science, 2019)

Activity modification in heat: critical assessment of guidelines across athletic, occupational, and military settings in the USA - Yuri Hosokawa; Douglas J. Casa; Juli M. Trtanj; Luke N. Belval; Patricia A. Deuster; Sarah M. Giltz; Andrew J. Grundstein; Michelle D. Hawkins; Robert A. Huggins; Brenda Jacklitsch; John F. Jardine; Hunter Jones; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2019)

Genotypic structure of Monilinia populations in Western Australia two decades after incursion - T. T. Tran; Hua Li; D. Q. Nguyen; K. Sivasithamparam; M. G. K. Jones; S. J. Wylie (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2019)

Apparent inbreeding preference despite inbreeding depression in the American crow - Andrea K. Townsend; Conor C. Taff; Melissa L. Jones; Katherine H. Getman; Sarah S. Wheeler; Mitch G. Hinton; Ryane M. Logsdon (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Although matings between relatives can have negative effects on offspring fitness, apparent inbreeding preference has been reported in a growing number of systems, including those with documented inbreeding depression. Here, we examined evidence for inbreeding depression and inbreeding preference in two populations (Clinton, New York, and Davis, California, USA ) of the cooperatively breeding American crow ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ). We then compared observed inbreeding strategies with theoretical expectations for optimal, adaptive levels of inbreeding, given the inclusive fitness benefits and population‐specific magnitude of inbreeding depression. We found that low heterozygosity at a panel of 33 microsatellite markers was associated with low survival probability (fledging success) and low white blood cell counts among offspring in both populations. Despite these costs, our data were more consistent with inbreeding preference than avoidance: The observed heterozygosity among 396 sampled crow offspring was significantly lower than expected if local adults were mating by random chance. This pattern was consistent across a range of spatial scales in both populations. Adaptive levels of inbreeding, given the magnitude of inbreeding depression, were predicted to be very low in the California population, whereas complete disassortative mating was predicted in the New York population. Sexual conflict might have contributed to the apparent absence of inbreeding avoidance in crows. These data add to an increasing number of examples of an “inbreeding paradox,” where inbreeding appears to be preferred despite inbreeding depression.

Spatiotemporal remote sensing of ecosystem change and causation across Alaska - Neal J. Pastick; M. Torre Jorgenson; Scott J. Goetz; Benjamin M. Jones; Bruce K. Wylie; Burke J. Minsley; Hélène Genet; Joseph F. Knight; David K. Swanson; Janet C. Jorgenson (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Contemporary climate change in Alaska has resulted in amplified rates of press and pulse disturbances that drive ecosystem change with significant consequences for socio‐environmental systems. Despite the vulnerability of Arctic and boreal landscapes to change, little has been done to characterize landscape change and associated drivers across northern high‐latitude ecosystems. Here we characterize the historical sensitivity of Alaska's ecosystems to environmental change and anthropogenic disturbances using expert knowledge, remote sensing data, and spatiotemporal analyses and modeling. Time‐series analysis of moderate—and high‐resolution imagery was used to characterize land‐ and water‐surface dynamics across Alaska. Some 430,000 interpretations of ecological and geomorphological change were made using historical air photos and satellite imagery, and corroborate land‐surface greening, browning, and wetness/moisture trend parameters derived from peak‐growing season Landsat imagery acquired from 1984 to 2015. The time series of change metrics, together with climatic data and maps of landscape characteristics, were incorporated into a modeling framework for mapping and understanding of drivers of change throughout Alaska. According to our analysis, approximately 13% (~174,000 ± 8700 km 2 ) of Alaska has experienced directional change in the last 32 years (±95% confidence intervals). At the ecoregions level, substantial increases in remotely sensed vegetation productivity were most pronounced in western and northern foothills of Alaska, which is explained by vegetation growth associated with increasing air temperatures. Significant browning trends were largely the result of recent wildfires in interior Alaska, but browning trends are also driven by increases in evaporative demand and surface‐water gains that have predominately occurred over warming permafrost landscapes. Increased rates of photosynthetic activity are associated with stabilization and recovery processes following wildfire, timber harvesting, insect damage, thermokarst, glacial retreat, and lake infilling and drainage events. Our results fill a critical gap in the understanding of historical and potential future trajectories of change in northern high‐latitude regions.

Population vulnerability to tsunami hazards informed by previous and projected disasters: a case study of American Samoa - Nathan Wood; Jeanne M. Jones; Yoshiki Yamazaki; Kwok-Fai Cheung; Jacinta Brown; Jamie L. Jones; Nina Abdollahian (Natural Hazards, 2019)

Molecular changes to the rat renal cotransporters PEPT1 and PEPT2 due to ageing - Othman A. Alghamdi; Nicola King; Nicholas M. Andronicos; Graham L. Jones; Belal Chami; Paul K. Witting; Pierre D. J. Moens (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2019)

Stable isotope analysis reveals trophic diversity and partitioning in territorial damselfishes on a low-latitude coral reef - J. G. Eurich; J. K. Matley; R. Baker; M. I. McCormick; G. P. Jones (Marine Biology, 2019)

Heat and fungicide treatments reduce Peronospora sparsa systemic infection in boysenberry tissue culture - Anusara M. Herath Mudiyanselage; Hayley J. Ridgway; Monika Walter; Marlene V. Jaspers; E. Eirian Jones (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

Correction to: The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC): a functional catalogue of the mammalian genome that informs conservation - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes; Pilar Cacheiro; Terrence F. Meehan; Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel; Arthur L. Beaudet; Steve D. M. Brown; Mary E. Dickinson; Ann M. Flenniken; Paul Flicek; Antonella Galli; Hamed Haseli Mashhadi; Jason D. Heaney; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Changes in the distribution of Michigan crayfishes and the influence of invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) on native crayfish substrate associations - Kelley R. Smith; Brian M. Roth; Michael L. Jones; Daniel B. Hayes; Seth J. Herbst; Nicholas Popoff (Biological Invasions, 2019)

The diversity of population responses to environmental change - Fernando Colchero; Owen R. Jones; Dalia A. Conde; David Hodgson; Felix Zajitschek; Benedikt R. Schmidt; Aurelio F. Malo; Susan C. Alberts; Peter H. Becker; Sandra Bouwhuis; Anne M. Bronikowski; Kristel M. De Vleeschouwer; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2019)
The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical derivations to explore how environmental perturbations determine population growth rates for populations with different age‐specific demographic rates and when ages are reduced to stages. We find that stage‐ vs. age‐based models can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are survival‐fecundity‐trade‐offs, which reduce the variance in the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with different age‐specific demographic rates can diverge to the extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.

Are Kentucky Farmers Prepared for Farm-Related Emergencies? - Matthew L. Hunt; M. Susan Jones; Dixi Secula (Journal of Agromedicine, 2019)

The Assessment of Quality Attributes for Biosimilars: a Statistical Perspective on Current Practice and a Proposal - Johanna Mielke; Franz Innerbichler; Martin Schiestl; Nicolas M. Ballarini; Byron Jones (The AAPS Journal, 2019)

Time-trial performance is not impaired in either competitive athletes or untrained individuals following a prolonged cognitive task - Ida E. Clark; Richie P. Goulding; Fred J. DiMenna; Stephen J. Bailey; Martin I. Jones; Jonathan Fulford; Sinead T. J. McDonagh; Andrew M. Jones; Anni Vanhatalo (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Deciphering the contrasting climatic trends between the central Himalaya and Karakoram with 36 years of WRF simulations - Jesse Norris; Leila M. V. Carvalho; Charles Jones; Forest Cannon (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Concordance of cancer registry and self-reported race, ethnicity, and cancer type: a report from the American Cancer Society’s studies of cancer survivors - Tracy M. Layne; Leah M. Ferrucci; Beth A. Jones; Tenbroeck Smith; Lou Gonsalves; Brenda Cartmel (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Evaluation of fungicide efficacy against Neofusicoccum species causing dieback disease of blueberries in New Zealand - K. M. S. Tennakoon; Hayley J. Ridgway; Marlene V. Jaspers; Geoff Langford; E. Eirian Jones (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2019)

Geospatial variation in co‐occurrence networks of nitrifying microbial guilds - Christopher M. Jones; Sara Hallin (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Microbial communities transform nitrogen (N) compounds, thereby regulating the availability of N in soil. The N cycle is defined by interacting microbial functional groups, as inorganic N‐products formed in one process are the substrate in one or several other processes. The nitrification pathway is often a two‐step process in which bacterial or archaeal communities oxidize ammonia to nitrite, and bacterial communities further oxidize nitrite to nitrate. Little is known about the significance of interactions between ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacterial communities (NOB) in determining the spatial variation of overall nitrifier community structure. We hypothesize that nonrandom associations exist between different AO and NOB lineages that, along with edaphic factors, shape field‐scale spatial patterns of nitrifying communities. To address this, we sequenced and quantified the abundance of AOA, AOB, and Nitrospira and Nitrobacter NOB communities across a 44‐hectare site with agricultural fields. The abundance of Nitrobacter communities was significantly associated only with AOB abundance, while that of Nitrospira was correlated to AOA. Network analysis and geostatistical modelling revealed distinct modules of co‐occurring AO and NOB groups occupying disparate areas, with each module dominated by different lineages and associated with different edaphic factors. Local communities were characterized by a high proportion of module‐connecting versus module‐hub nodes, indicating that nitrifier assemblages in these soils are shaped by fluctuating conditions. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of network analysis in accounting for potential biotic interactions that define the niche space of nitrifying communities at scales compatible to soil management.

Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein - Senthold Asseng; Pierre Martre; Andrea Maiorano; Reimund P. Rötter; Garry J. O’Leary; Glenn J. Fitzgerald; Christine Girousse; Rosella Motzo; Francesco Giunta; M. Ali Babar; Matthew P. Reynolds; Ahmed M. S. Kheir; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Wheat grain protein concentration is an important determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition that is often overlooked in efforts to improve crop production. We tested and applied a 32‐multi‐model ensemble to simulate global wheat yield and quality in a changing climate. Potential benefits of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration by 2050 on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by impacts from rising temperature and changes in rainfall, but with considerable disparities between regions. Grain and protein yields are expected to be lower and more variable in most low‐rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting growth stimulus from elevated CO 2 . Introducing genotypes adapted to warmer temperatures (and also considering changes in CO 2 and rainfall) could boost global wheat yield by 7% and protein yield by 2%, but grain protein concentration would be reduced by −1.1 percentage points, representing a relative change of −8.6%. Climate change adaptations that benefit grain yield are not always positive for grain quality, putting additional pressure on global wheat production.

Potential Mitigation and Restoration Actions in Ecosystems Impacted by Seabed Mining - Daphne Cuvelier; Sabine Gollner; Daniel O. B. Jones; Stefanie Kaiser; Pedro Martínez Arbizu; Lena Menzel; Nélia C. Mestre; Telmo Morato; Christopher Pham; Florence Pradillon; Autun Purser; Uwe Raschka; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Region-Specific Microstructure in the Neonatal Ventricles of a Porcine Model - F. Ahmad; S. Soe; N. White; R. Johnston; I. Khan; J. Liao; M. Jones; R. Prabhu; I. Maconochie; Peter Theobald (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2018)

Modelling the impacts of projected sea ice decline on the low atmosphere and near‐surface permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska - Lei Cai; Vladimir A. Alexeev; Christopher D. Arp; Benjamin M. Jones; Vladimir E. Romanovsky (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
This model‐based study assesses the response of the lower atmosphere and near‐surface permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska to projections in sea ice decline. The Weather Research and Forecast model, with polar optimization (polar WRF), was configured for the North Slope of Alaska and the adjacent Arctic Ocean and run for two decade‐long control periods, the 1970s and the 2040s. Community Earth System Model output was used to drive the polar WRF model. By swapping the sea ice coverage in the control cases, two polar WRF sensitivity experiments were designed to quantify the changes in the low atmosphere and near‐surface permafrost in response to projected declines in sea ice extent. The strongest impacts of sea ice decline occur primarily during the late fall and early winter. These include increases in surface air temperature, surface humidity, total cloud cover, and precipitation amount. Future impacts of sea ice decline are projected to become weaker over time in the late fall and early winter while becoming more prominent in late spring and early summer. Projected sea ice decline also inhibits low‐level cloud formation in summer as a result of destabilization of the boundary layer. Sensitivity experiments by polar WRF and Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory model, respectively, suggest that sea ice decline explains approximately 20% of both the atmospheric and permafrost warmings on a mean annual basis compared to the overall projected warming under the RCP4.5 scenario.

Bending the rules: exploitation of allochthonous resources by a top‐predator modifies size‐abundance scaling in stream food webs - Daniel M. Perkins; Isabelle Durance; Francois K. Edwards; Jonathan Grey; Alan G. Hildrew; Michelle Jackson; J. Iwan Jones; Rasmus B. Lauridsen; Katrin Layer‐Dobra; Murray S. A. Thompson; Guy Woodward (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Body mass–abundance ( M‐N ) allometries provide a key measure of community structure, and deviations from scaling predictions could reveal how cross‐ecosystem subsidies alter food webs. For 31 streams across the UK, we tested the hypothesis that linear log‐log M‐N scaling is shallower than that predicted by allometric scaling theory when top predators have access to allochthonous prey. These streams all contained a common and widespread top predator (brown trout) that regularly feeds on terrestrial prey and, as hypothesised, deviations from predicted scaling increased with its dominance of the fish assemblage. Our study identifies a key beneficiary of cross‐ecosystem subsidies at the top of stream food webs and elucidates how these inputs can reshape the size‐structure of these ‘open’ systems.

A multidisciplinary-based conceptual model of a fractured sedimentary bedrock aquitard: improved prediction of aquitard integrity - Anthony C. Runkel; Robert G. Tipping; Jessica R. Meyer; Julia R. Steenberg; Andrew J. Retzler; Beth L. Parker; Jeff A. Green; John D. Barry; Perry M. Jones (Hydrogeology Journal, 2018)

Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women - Justin J. Merrigan; Jason B. White; Y. Eliot Hu; Jason D. Stone; Jonathan M. Oliver; Margaret T. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)

The contrasting climate response to tropical and extratropical energy perturbations - Matt Hawcroft; Jim M. Haywood; Mat Collins; Andy Jones (Climate Dynamics, 2018)

Stoichiometric constraints on the microbial processing of carbon with soil depth along a riparian hillslope - Laura L. de Sosa; Helen C. Glanville; Miles R. Marshall; Andrea Schnepf; David M. Cooper; Paul W. Hill; Andrew Binley; Davey L. Jones (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2018)

Large‐effect loci affect survival in Tasmanian devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) infected with a transmissible cancer - Mark J. Margres; Menna E. Jones; Brendan Epstein; Douglas H. Kerlin; Sebastien Comte; Samantha Fox; Alexandra K. Fraik; Sarah A. Hendricks; Stewart Huxtable; Shelly Lachish; Billie Lazenby; Sean M. O'Rourke; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Identifying the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes is a central goal of modern biology, particularly for disease‐related traits. Genome‐wide association methods are a classical approach for identifying the genomic basis of variation in disease phenotypes, but such analyses are particularly challenging in natural populations due to sample size difficulties. Extensive mark–recapture data, strong linkage disequilibrium and a lethal transmissible cancer make the Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) an ideal model for such an association study. We used a RAD ‐capture approach to genotype 624 devils at ~16,000 loci and then used association analyses to assess the heritability of three cancer‐related phenotypes: infection case–control (where cases were infected devils and controls were devils that were never infected), age of first infection and survival following infection. The SNP array explained much of the phenotypic variance for female survival (>80%) and female case–control (>61%). We found that a few large‐effect SNP s explained much of the variance for female survival (~5 SNP s explained >61% of the total variance), whereas more SNP s (~56) of smaller effect explained less of the variance for female case–control (~23% of the total variance). By contrast, these same SNP s did not account for a significant proportion of phenotypic variance in males, suggesting that the genetic bases of these traits and/or selection differ across sexes. Loci involved with cell adhesion and cell‐cycle regulation underlay trait variation, suggesting that the devil immune system is rapidly evolving to recognize and potentially suppress cancer growth through these pathways. Overall, our study provided necessary data for genomics‐based conservation and management in Tasmanian devils.

Production of membrane proteins for characterisation of their pheromone-sensing and antimicrobial resistance functions - Aalishaa A. Azam; Jean M. Kinder; G. Nasir Khan; Ade Alase; Pikyee Ma; Yang Liu; James R. Ault; Peter J. F. Henderson; Babur Z. Chowdhry; Bruce D. Alexander; Stephen E. Harding; Mary K. Phillips-Jones (European Biophysics Journal, 2018)

Behavior and histopathology as biomarkers for evaluation of the effects of paracetamol and propranolol in the neotropical fish species Phalloceros harpagos - Gregorio Nolazco Matus; Beatriz V. R. Pereira; Elaine C. M. Silva-Zacarin; Monica Jones Costa; André Cordeiro Alves dos Santos; Bruno Nunes (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Iowa Stream Nitrate, Discharge and Precipitation: 30-Year Perspective - Christopher S. Jones; Keith E. Schilling; Ian M. Simpson; Calvin F. Wolter (Environmental Management, 2018)

Clinical interpretation of pathogenic ATM and CHEK2 variants on multigene panel tests: navigating moderate risk - Allison H. West; Kathleen R. Blazer; Jessica Stoll; Matthew Jones; Caroline M. Weipert; Sarah M. Nielsen; Sonia S. Kupfer; Jeffrey N. Weitzel; Olufunmilayo I. Olopade (Familial Cancer, 2018)

Tundra be dammed: Beaver colonization of the Arctic - Ken D. Tape; Benjamin M. Jones; Christopher D. Arp; Ingmar Nitze; Guido Grosse (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Increasing air temperatures are changing the arctic tundra biome. Permafrost is thawing, snow duration is decreasing, shrub vegetation is proliferating, and boreal wildlife is encroaching. Here we present evidence of the recent range expansion of North American beaver ( Castor canadensis ) into the Arctic, and consider how this ecosystem engineer might reshape the landscape, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes. We developed a remote sensing approach that maps formation and disappearance of ponds associated with beaver activity. Since 1999, 56 new beaver pond complexes were identified, indicating that beavers are colonizing a predominantly tundra region (18,293 km 2 ) of northwest Alaska. It is unclear how improved tundra stream habitat, population rebound following overtrapping for furs, or other factors are contributing to beaver range expansion. We discuss rates and likely routes of tundra beaver colonization, as well as effects on permafrost, stream ice regimes, and freshwater and riparian habitat. Beaver ponds and associated hydrologic changes are thawing permafrost. Pond formation increases winter water temperatures in the pond and downstream, likely creating new and more varied aquatic habitat, but specific biological implications are unknown. Beavers create dynamic wetlands and are agents of disturbance that may enhance ecosystem responses to warming in the Arctic.

Improved Interpretation of Mercury Intrusion and Soil Water Retention Percolation Characteristics by Inverse Modelling and Void Cluster Analysis - G. Peter Matthews; Charlotte L. Levy; Giuliano M. Laudone; Katie L. Jones; Cathy J. Ridgway; Ingrid L. Hallin; S. Andrea Gazze; Lewis Francis; W. Richard Whalley; Joachim Schoelkopf; Patrick A. C. Gane (Transport in Porous Media, 2018)

Introduced non-hominid primates impact biodiversity and livelihoods: management priorities - Holly P. Jones; Karl J. Campbell; Angela M. Burke; Greg S. Baxter; Chad C. Hanson; Russell A. Mittermeier (Biological Invasions, 2018)