Zinc Uptake from Circumneutral Mine Drainage in Freshwater Biofilms: New Insights from In Vitro Experiments - Ashley Jones; Michael Rogerson; Gillian Greenway; William M. Mayes (Mine Water and the Environment, 2015)

Two deep evolutionary lineages in the circumtropical glasseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Teleostei, Priacanthidae) with admixture in the south‐western Indian Ocean - M. R. Gaither; M. A. Bernal; I. Fernandez‐Silva; M. Mwale; S. A. Jones; C. Rocha; L. A. Rocha (Journal of Fish Biology, 2015)
A phylogeographic study of the circumtropical glasseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus was conducted. Molecular analyses indicate two mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( coI ) lineages that are 10·4% divergent: one in the western Atlantic (Caribbean) and another that was detected across the Indo‐Pacific. A fixed single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) was detected at a nuclear locus (S7 ribosomal protein) and is consistent with this finding. There is evidence of recent dispersal from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean with individuals of mixed lineages detected in South Africa and the Mozambique Channel. Using coalescent analyses of the mitochondrial dataset, time of divergence between lineages was estimated to be c. 15·3 million years. The deep divergence between these two lineages indicates distinct evolutionary units, however, due to the lack of morphological differences and evidence of hybridization between lineages, taxonomic revision is not suggested at this time.

Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (βAPP) Processing in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) - Yuhai Zhao; Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee; Brandon M. Jones; James M. Hill; Christian Clement; Kumar Sambamurti; Prerna Dua; Walter J. Lukiw (Molecular Neurobiology, 2015)

Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers - Bryony Leigh Jones; Tamiru Oljira; Anke Liebert; Pawel Zmarz; Nicolas Montalva; Ayele Tarekeyn; Rosemary Ekong; Mark G. Thomas; Endashaw Bekele; Neil Bradman; Dallas M. Swallow (Human Genetics, 2015)

Neuropsychological test performance among healthy persons in northern India: development of normative data - Drenna Waldrop-Valverde; Raymond L. Ownby; Deborah L. Jones; Sunil Sharma; Ritu Nehra; Adarsh M. Kumar; Sudesh Prabhakar; Mahendra Kumar (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2015)

The Tosontsengel Mongolia world record sea‐level pressure extreme: spatial analysis of elevation bias in adjustment‐to‐sea‐level pressures - Gomboluudev Purevjav; Robert C. Balling; Randall S. Cerveny; Rob Allan; Gilbert P. Compo; Philip Jones; Thomas C. Peterson; Manola Brunet; Fatima Driouech; José Luis Stella; Bohumil M. Svoma; Daniel Krahenbuhl; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)
A World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) committee evaluated the record sea‐level pressure ( SLP ) measurement of 1089.4 hPa on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia (1724.6 m). Although instrumentation and data collection procedures were properly followed according to the assessment of the committee, concern was raised regarding the reliability of SLP adjustment from such a high‐elevation station. This paper addresses this concern with a number of analyses that look at relationships between SLP extremes and corresponding station elevation and temperature. First, we selected data from stations extracted from the Integrated Surface Database ( ISD ‐Lite) of NOAA 's National Climate Data Center. A spatial analysis indicates that elevation shows little to no association ( R 2 values essentially zero) to extreme SLP . However, a second analysis between extreme SLP and air temperature indicates that high regionalism exists in spatial correlations (local R 2 ) between those two variables. This relationship to temperature is likely the result of differences in SLP adjustment formulae used around the world. Based on this analysis, on the need to differentiate the SLP values adjusted using extremely cold temperatures (and generally high elevation), and following past WMO SLP guidelines, the WMO Rapporteurs for Climate and Weather Extremes therefore have created two distinct SLP records: (a) highest adjusted SLP (below 750 m), currently 1083.3 hPa recorded on 31 December 1968 at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia; and (b) highest adjusted SLP (above 750 m), currently 1089.4 hPa (by Russian method; 1089.1 hPa by WMO formula) on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia. Future WMO guidance regarding SLP adjustment may lead to re‐evaluation of this and other SLP records.

Abundance and Diet of Predatory Fishes in Phragmites, Treated Phragmites, and Natural Spartina Marshes in Delaware Bay - Katherine M. M. Jones; Kenneth W. Able (Estuaries and Coasts, 2015)

Benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation on the supply, management, and use of water resources in the United States - K. Strzepek; J. Neumann; J. Smith; J. Martinich; B. Boehlert; M. Hejazi; J. Henderson; C. Wobus; R. Jones; K. Calvin; D. Johnson; E. Monier; et al. (Climatic Change, 2015)

Sensitivity of systematic biases in South Asian summer monsoon simulations to regional climate model domain size and implications for downscaled regional process studies - J. Karmacharya; R. C. Levine; R. Jones; W. Moufouma-Okia; M. New (Climate Dynamics, 2015)

Botanic gardens can positively influence visitors’ environmental attitudes - Sophie J. Williams; Julia P. G. Jones; James M. Gibbons; Colin Clubbe (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2015)

Principal components‐based regionalization of the Saudi Arabian climate - Mansour Almazroui; Ramzah Dambul; M. Nazrul Islam; P. D. Jones (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)

Drivers of North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream variability - Richard Hall; Róbert Erdélyi; Edward Hanna; Julie M. Jones; Adam A. Scaife (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)
Polar front jet stream variability is responsible for instances of extreme weather and is crucial for regional climate change. The North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream is of particular significance to the heavily populated areas of western Europe and eastern North America as storm track variability, atmospheric modes of variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), temperature and rainfall are all intimately linked with jet stream changes. Although seasonal and interannual variability are often attributed to internal variability, there are several possible drivers of polar front jet stream changes that are reviewed in this study. Cryospheric effects from sea‐ice extent and snow cover, oceanic effects from North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures and tropical influences such as the El‐Niño Southern Oscillation, and stratospheric effects due to stratospheric circulation variability, solar variability, volcanic eruptions and the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation are all identified in the literature as factors that impact on the Atlantic Polar Front jet stream. These drivers of jet stream variability can oppose or reinforce one another, and there are some indications of possible nonlinear interactions between them. We also review the modelling of jet stream variability. While a consensus has now been reached that some observed drivers can be reproduced in climate models, we conclude that improved understanding of more recently identified drivers of the Atlantic extratropical jet stream is crucial for making progress in regional climate predictions on all timescales from months to decades ahead.

Thalamocortical neurons display suppressed burst-firing due to an enhanced Ih current in a genetic model of absence epilepsy - Stuart M. Cain; John R. Tyson; Karen L. Jones; Terrance P. Snutch (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2015)

The Feasibility and Educational Value of Hear My Voice, a Chaplain-Led Spiritual Life Review Process for Patients with Brain Cancers and Progressive Neurologic Conditions - Katherine M. Piderman; Carmen Radecki Breitkopf; Sarah M. Jenkins; Laura A. Lovejoy; Yvette M. Dulohery; Dean V. Marek; Heidi L. Durland; Debra L. Head; Spence W. Swanson; James T. Hogg; John L. Evans; Scott E. Jorgenson; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2015)

Cortical functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder: a motor overflow study - Melissa K. Licari; Jac Billington; Siobhan L. Reid; John P. Wann; Catherine M. Elliott; Anne M. Winsor; Erin Robins; Ashleigh L. Thornton; Randall Jones; Michael Bynevelt (Experimental Brain Research, 2015)

The peril of PCR inhibitors in environmental samples: the case of Didymosphenia geminata - Leandro R. Jones; Noelia M. Uyua; Julieta M. Manrique (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2015)

Phylogenetic relatedness within N eotropical fern communities increases with soil fertility - Samuli Lehtonen; Mirkka M. Jones; Gabriela Zuquim; Jefferson Prado; Hanna Tuomisto (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2015)
Aim To examine the relative importance of gradients in soil fertility and rainfall for the phylogenetic structure of Neotropical forest fern communities, and to quantify how much the results are affected by phylogenetic resolution. Location Tropical lowland forests in B razil (central A mazonia) and P anama (the P anama canal watershed). Methods We inventoried local fern communities at a total of 87 sites to model how their species richness and phylogenetic relatedness varied along gradients in soil fertility and rainfall. We produced a time‐calibrated species‐level molecular phylogeny of ferns, and quantified the phylogenetic relatedness of species within local communities using F aith's phylogenetic diversity ( PD ) and mean phylogenetic diversity ( MPD ). Calculations were compared for phylogenies resolved to the species and genus levels. Results (1) We found significant and consistent effects of soil nutrient status on local phylogenetic community structure in both regions. In contrast, phylogenetic structure showed only a weak or no relationship with rainfall. (2) In both regions, MPD declined with increasing soil fertility, which means that fern communities on poor soils consisted, on average, of less closely related lineages than fern communities on rich soils. (3) Different fern genera were over‐represented in different sections of the soil nutrient gradient. (4) Qualitatively similar results were obtained whether phylogenies were resolved to the species or the genus level. Main conclusions Our results highlight the importance of edaphic variation in structuring plant communities over evolutionary time‐scales. Within the tropical forests studied, the effects of soil variation on local phylogenetic community structure seem to outweigh those of climate. Several fern genera show strong edaphic niche conservatism to either poor or rich soils, whereas many other genera have radiated to span a rather broad edaphic range. PD ‐based measures are so dominated by deep relationships that genus‐level phylogenies are sufficient to investigate these patterns in tropical fern communities.

Protoplast-to-plant regeneration of American elm (Ulmus americana) - A. M. P. Jones; M. R. Shukla; G. C. G. Biswas; P. K. Saxena (Protoplasma, 2015)

Cell-Penetrating Antimicrobial Peptides – Prospectives for Targeting Intracellular Infections - Jesper S. Bahnsen; Henrik Franzyk; Edward J. Sayers; Arwyn T. Jones; Hanne M. Nielsen (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Human Nail Plate Modifications Induced by Onychomycosis: Implications for Topical Therapy - A. Baraldi; S. A. Jones; S. Guesné; M. J. Traynor; W. J. McAuley; M. B. Brown; S. Murdan (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015)

Depth and reef profile: effects on the distribution and abundance of coral reef fishes - M. W. Jankowski; N. R. Gardiner; G. P. Jones (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2015)

Midbrain volume predicts fMRI and ERP measures of reward reactivity - Joshua M. Carlson; Dan Foti; Eddie Harmon-Jones; Greg H. Proudfit (Brain Structure and Function, 2015)

Subsurface seeding of surface harmful algal blooms observed through the integration of autonomous gliders, moored environmental sample processors, and satellite remote sensing in southern C alifornia - Bridget N. Seegers; James M. Birch; Roman Marin; Chris A. Scholin; David A. Caron; Erica L. Seubert; Meredith D. A. Howard; George L. Robertson; Burton H. Jones (Limnology and Oceanography, 2015)
An observational study was performed in the central Southern California Bight in Spring 2010 to understand the relationship between seasonal spring phytoplankton blooms and coastal processes that included nutrient input from upwelling, wastewater effluent plumes, and other processes. Multi‐month Webb Slocum glider deployments combined with MBARI environmental sample processors (ESPs), weekly pier sampling, and ocean color data provided a multidimensional characterization of the development and evolution of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Results from the glider and ESP observations demonstrated that blooms of toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia sp. can develop offshore and subsurface prior to their manifestation in the surface layer and/or near the coast. A significant outbreak and surface manifestation of the blooms coincided with periods of upwelling, or other processes that caused shallowing of the pycnocline and subsurface chlorophyll maximum. Our results indicate that subsurface populations can be an important source for “seeding” surface Pseudo‐nitzschia HAB events in southern California.

Combined effects of CO 2 and temperature on carbon uptake and partitioning by the marine diatoms T halassiosira weissflogii and D actyliosolen fragilissimus - J. Taucher; J. Jones; A. James; M. A. Brzezinski; C. A. Carlson; U. Riebesell; U. Passow (Limnology and Oceanography, 2015)
Carbon uptake and partitioning of two globally abundant diatom species, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Dactyliosolen fragilissimus , was investigated in batch culture experiments under four conditions: ambient (15°C, 400 μatm), high CO 2 (15°C, 1000 μatm), high temperature (20°C, 400 μatm), and combined (20°C, 1000 μatm). The experiments were run from exponential growth into the stationary phase (six days after nitrogen depletion), allowing us to track biogeochemical dynamics analogous to bloom situations in the ocean. Elevated CO 2 had a fertilizing effect and enhanced uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by about 8% for T. weissflogii and by up to 39% for D. fragilissimus . This was also reflected in higher cell numbers, build‐up of particulate and dissolved organic matter, and transparent exopolymer particles. The CO 2 effects were most prominent in the stationary phase when nitrogen was depleted and CO 2 (aq) concentrations were low. This indicates that diatoms in the high CO 2 treatments could take up more DIC until CO 2 concentrations in seawater became so low that carbon limitation occurs. These results suggest that, contrary to common assumptions, diatoms could be highly sensitive to ongoing changes in oceanic carbonate chemistry, particularly under nutrient limitation. Warming from 15 to 20 °C had a stimulating effect on one species but acted as a stressor on the other species, highlighting the importance of species‐specific physiological optima and temperature ranges in the response to ocean warming. Overall, these sensitivities to CO 2 and temperature could have profound impacts on diatoms blooms and the biological pump.

Sedimentary facies analysis and paleogeographic significance of the latest Silurian to Early Devonian Winduck Interval in the Darling Basin, western New South Wales, Australia - M. Kh. Khalifa; B. G. Jones; O. Hlal (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2015)

Erratum to: Coupling thermodynamic modeling and high-resolution in situ LA-ICP-MS monazite geochronology: evidence for Barrovian metamorphism late in the Grenvillian history of southeastern Ontario - Travis McCarron; Fred Gaidies; Christopher R. M. McFarlane; R. Michael Easton; Peter Jones (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2015)

Vestibular dysfunction, altered macular structure and trait localization in A/J inbred mice - Sarath Vijayakumar; Teresa E. Lever; Jessica Pierce; Xing Zhao; David Bergstrom; Yunxia Wang Lundberg; Timothy A. Jones; Sherri M. Jones (Mammalian Genome, 2015)

Intramuscular determinants of the ability to recover work capacity above critical power - Philip Friere Skiba; Jonathan Fulford; David C. Clarke; Anni Vanhatalo; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Alkaloid Venom Weaponry of Three Megalomyrmex Thief Ants and the Behavioral Response of Cyphomyrmex costatus Host Ants - Rachelle M. M. Adams; Tappey H. Jones; John T. Longino; Robert G. Weatherford; Ulrich G. Mueller (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2015)

Life cycle assessment use in the North American building community: summary of findings from a 2011/2012 survey - Maureen A. Olinzock; Amy E. Landis; Christi L. Saunders; William O. Collinge; Alex K. Jones; Laura A. Schaefer; Melissa M. Bilec (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015)

Invasive Propionibacterium acnes infections in a non-selective patient cohort: clinical manifestations, management and outcome - M. Tebruegge; C. Jones; H. de Graaf; P. Sukhtankar; R. N. Allan; R. P. Howlin; D. Browning; H. Schuster; A. Pallett; S. Patel; S. N. Faust (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2015)

Adding value to rare tissue samples donated to biobanks: characterisation of breast tissue and primary cell cultures obtained from a female-to-male transgender patient - Rebecca Millican-Slater; Rona Good; Claire Nash; Judith A. Heads; Steven Pollock; Rebecca Chalkley; Jenny Gomm; J. Louise Jones; Sreekumar Sundara-Rajan; Kieran Horgan; Andrew M. Hanby; Valerie Speirs (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2015)

Drift-diffusion simulation of the ephaptic effect in the triad synapse of the retina - Carl L. Gardner; Jeremiah R. Jones; Steven M. Baer; Sharon M. Crook (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2015)

Candidate locus analysis of the TERT–CLPTM1L cancer risk region on chromosome 5p15 identifies multiple independent variants associated with endometrial cancer risk - Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona; Tracy A. O’Mara; Jodie N. Painter; Felicity A. Lose; Joe Dennis; Kyriaki Michailidou; Jonathan P. Tyrer; Shahana Ahmed; Kaltin Ferguson; Catherine S. Healey; Karen Pooley; Jonathan Beesley; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Spatial distribution of Neofusicoccum species within a rootstock mother vine indicates potential infection pathways - R. Billones-Baaijens; H. J. Ridgway; E. E. Jones; M. V. Jaspers (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015)

Source identification and assessment of sediment contamination of trace metals in Kogarah Bay, NSW, Australia - Yasir M. Alyazichi; Brian G. Jones; Errol McLean (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015)

Detection and characterization of viruses of the genus Megalocytivirus in ornamental fish imported into an Australian border quarantine premises: an emerging risk to national biosecurity - D Nolan; F Stephens; M Crockford; J B Jones; M Snow (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2015)
This report documents an emerging trend of identification of Megalocytivirus ‐like inclusions in a range of ornamental fish species intercepted during quarantine detention at the Australian border. From September 2012 to February 2013, 5 species of fish that had suffered mortality levels in excess of 25% whilst in the post‐entry quarantine and had Megalocytivirus ‐like inclusion bodies in histological sections were examined by PCR. The fish had been imported from Singapore, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Ninety‐seven of 111 individual fish from affected tanks of fish tested were positive for the presence of Megalocytivirus by PCR. Sequence analysis of representative PCR products revealed an identical sequence of 621 bp in all cases which was identical to a previously characterized Megalocytivirus (Sabah/RAA1/2012 strain BMGIV48). Phylogenetic analysis of available Megalocytivirus major capsid protein (MCP) sequences confirmed the existence of 3 major clades of Megalocytivirus . The virus detected in this study was identified as a member of Genotype II. The broad host range and pathogenicity of megalocytiviruses, coupled to the documented spread of ornamental fish into the environment, render this a significant and emerging biosecurity threat to Australia.

Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one - Pierre Martre; Daniel Wallach; Senthold Asseng; Frank Ewert; James W. Jones; Reimund P. Rötter; Kenneth J. Boote; Alex C. Ruane; Peter J. Thorburn; Davide Cammarano; Jerry L. Hatfield; Cynthia Rosenzweig; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24–38% for the different end‐of‐season variables including grain yield ( GY ) and grain protein concentration ( GPC ). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in‐season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e‐mean) or median (e‐median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e‐median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC . The error of e‐mean and e‐median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models.

Multi-annual variations in winter westerly disturbance activity affecting the Himalaya - Forest Cannon; Leila M. V. Carvalho; Charles Jones; Bodo Bookhagen (Climate Dynamics, 2015)

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Trace Metals in Marine Sediments in Oyster Bay, NSW, Australia - Yasir M. Alyazichi; Brian G. Jones; Errol McLean (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2015)

Coupling thermodynamic modeling and high-resolution in situ LA-ICP-MS monazite geochronology: evidence for Barrovian metamorphism late in the Grenvillian history of southeastern Ontario - Travis McCarron; Fred Gaidies; Christopher R. M. McFarlane; R. Michael Easton; Peter Jones (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2014)

Hydrogeology, water quality, and microbial assessment of a coastal alluvial aquifer in western Saudi Arabia: potential use of coastal wadi aquifers for desalination water supplies - Thomas M. Missimer; Christiane Hoppe-Jones; Khan Z. Jadoon; Dong Li; Samir K. Al-Mashharawi (Hydrogeology Journal, 2014)

Molecular characterization of Xanthomonas strains responsible for bacterial spot of tomato in Ethiopia - Misrak Kebede; Sujan Timilsina; Amare Ayalew; Belayneh Admassu; Neha Potnis; Gerald V. Minsavage; Erica M. Goss; Jason C. Hong; Amanda Strayer; Mathews Paret; Jeffrey B. Jones; Gary E. Vallad (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2014)

Local extinction of a coral reef fish explained by inflexible prey choice - R. M. Brooker; P. L. Munday; S. J. Brandl; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2014)

Rapid assessment of fisheries species sensitivity to climate change - Gretta T. Pecl; Tim M. Ward; Zoë A. Doubleday; Steven Clarke; Jemery Day; Cameron Dixon; Stewart Frusher; Philip Gibbs; Alistair J. Hobday; Neil Hutchinson; Sarah Jennings; Keith Jones; et al. (Climatic Change, 2014)

Simulation of CO2 and Attribution Analysis at Six European Peatland Sites Using the ECOSSE Model - M. Abdalla; A. Hastings; M. J. Bell; J. U. Smith; M. Richards; M. B. Nilsson; M. Peichl; M. O. Löfvenius; M. Lund; C. Helfter; E. Nemitz; M. A. Sutton; et al. (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

The effect of parental age, experience and historical reproductive success on wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) chick growth and survival - M. Genevieve W. Jones; Ben J. Dilley; Quentin A. Hagens; Henk Louw; Edith M. Mertz; Paul Visser; Peter G. Ryan (Polar Biology, 2014)

The effect of the weather on pulmonary exacerbations and viral infections among adults with cystic fibrosis - W. G. Flight; R. J. Bright-Thomas; C. Sarran; K. J. Mutton; J. Morris; A. K. Webb; A. M. Jones (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

Population genetics of goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): investigating the origin of an invasive pest of native oaks in California - Vanessa M. Lopez; Paul F. Rugman-Jones; Tom W. Coleman; Mark S. Hoddle; Richard Stouthamer (Biological Invasions, 2014)

Precipitation and winter temperature predict long‐term range‐scale abundance changes in Western North American birds - Javier Gutiérrez Illán; Chris D. Thomas; Julia A. Jones; Weng‐Keen Wong; Susan M. Shirley; Matthew G. Betts (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Predicting biodiversity responses to climate change remains a difficult challenge, especially in climatically complex regions where precipitation is a limiting factor. Though statistical climatic envelope models are frequently used to project future scenarios for species distributions under climate change, these models are rarely tested using empirical data. We used long‐term data on bird distributions and abundance covering five states in the western US and in the Canadian province of British Columbia to test the capacity of statistical models to predict temporal changes in bird populations over a 32‐year period. Using boosted regression trees, we built presence‐absence and abundance models that related the presence and abundance of 132 bird species to spatial variation in climatic conditions. Presence/absence models built using 1970–1974 data forecast the distributions of the majority of species in the later time period, 1998–2002 (mean AUC = 0.79 ± 0.01). Hindcast models performed equivalently (mean AUC = 0.82 ± 0.01). Correlations between observed and predicted abundances were also statistically significant for most species (forecast mean Spearman′s ρ = 0.34 ± 0.02, hindcast = 0.39 ± 0.02). The most stringent test is to test predicted changes in geographic patterns through time. Observed changes in abundance patterns were significantly positively correlated with those predicted for 59% of species (mean Spearman′s ρ = 0.28 ± 0.02, across all species). Three precipitation variables (for the wettest month, breeding season, and driest month) and minimum temperature of the coldest month were the most important predictors of bird distributions and abundances in this region, and hence of abundance changes through time. Our results suggest that models describing associations between climatic variables and abundance patterns can predict changes through time for some species, and that changes in precipitation and winter temperature appear to have already driven shifts in the geographic patterns of abundance of bird populations in western North America.

Simulating the influence of the South Atlantic dipole on the South Atlantic convergence zone during neutral ENSO - Rodrigo J. Bombardi; Leila M. V. Carvalho; Charles Jones (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2014)

The reduction rates of DEPC-modified mutant Thermus thermophilus Rieske proteins differ when there is a negative charge proximal to the cluster - Nicholas E. Karagas; Christie N. Jones; Deborah J. Osborn; Anika L. Dzierlenga; Paul Oyala; Mary E. Konkle; Emily M. Whitney; R. David Britt; Laura M. Hunsicker-Wang (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2014)

Camera Trap Observations of Nonhabituated Critically Endangered Wild Blonde Capuchins, Sapajus flavius (Formerly Cebus flavius) - B. M. Bezerra; M. Bastos; A. Souto; M. P. Keasey; P. Eason; N. Schiel; G. Jones (International Journal of Primatology, 2014)

Characterization of “Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus” Populations by Double-Locus Analyses - X. Deng; S. Lopes; X. Wang; X. Sun; D. Jones; M. Irey; E. Civerolo; J. Chen (Current Microbiology, 2014)

Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long‐term experimental watershed sites across North America - Irena F. Creed; Adam T. Spargo; Julia A. Jones; Jim M. Buttle; Mary B. Adams; Fred D. Beall; Eric G. Booth; John L. Campbell; Dave Clow; Kelly Elder; Mark B. Green; Nancy B. Grimm; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Climate warming is projected to affect forest water yields but the effects are expected to vary. We investigated how forest type and age affect water yield resilience to climate warming. To answer this question, we examined the variability in historical water yields at long‐term experimental catchments across Canada and the United States over 5‐year cool and warm periods. Using the theoretical framework of the Budyko curve, we calculated the effects of climate warming on the annual partitioning of precipitation ( P ) into evapotranspiration ( ET ) and water yield. Deviation ( d ) was defined as a catchment's change in actual ET divided by P [ AET / P ; evaporative index ( EI )] coincident with a shift from a cool to a warm period – a positive d indicates an upward shift in EI and smaller than expected water yields, and a negative d indicates a downward shift in EI and larger than expected water yields. Elasticity was defined as the ratio of interannual variation in potential ET divided by P ( PET / P ; dryness index) to interannual variation in the EI – high elasticity indicates low d despite large range in drying index (i.e., resilient water yields), low elasticity indicates high d despite small range in drying index (i.e., nonresilient water yields). Although the data needed to fully evaluate ecosystems based on these metrics are limited, we were able to identify some characteristics of response among forest types. Alpine sites showed the greatest sensitivity to climate warming with any warming leading to increased water yields. Conifer forests included catchments with lowest elasticity and stable to larger water yields. Deciduous forests included catchments with intermediate elasticity and stable to smaller water yields. Mixed coniferous/deciduous forests included catchments with highest elasticity and stable water yields. Forest type appeared to influence the resilience of catchment water yields to climate warming, with conifer and deciduous catchments more susceptible to climate warming than the more diverse mixed forest catchments.

Seventy‐One Important Questions for the Conservation of Marine Biodiversity - E. C. M. PARSONS; BRETT FAVARO; A. ALONSO AGUIRRE; AMY L. BAUER; LOUISE K. BLIGHT; JOHN A. CIGLIANO; MELINDA A. COLEMAN; ISABELLE M. CÔTÉ; MEGAN DRAHEIM; STEPHEN FLETCHER; MELISSA M. FOLEY; REBECCA JEFFERSON; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2014)
The ocean provides food, economic activity, and cultural value for a large proportion of humanity. Our knowledge of marine ecosystems lags behind that of terrestrial ecosystems, limiting effective protection of marine resources. We describe the outcome of 2 workshops in 2011 and 2012 to establish a list of important questions, which, if answered, would substantially improve our ability to conserve and manage the world's marine resources. Participants included individuals from academia, government, and nongovernment organizations with broad experience across disciplines, marine ecosystems, and countries that vary in levels of development. Contributors from the fields of science, conservation, industry, and government submitted questions to our workshops, which we distilled into a list of priority research questions. Through this process, we identified 71 key questions. We grouped these into 8 subject categories, each pertaining to a broad component of marine conservation: fisheries, climate change, other anthropogenic threats, ecosystems, marine citizenship, policy, societal and cultural considerations, and scientific enterprise. Our questions address many issues that are specific to marine conservation, and will serve as a road map to funders and researchers to develop programs that can greatly benefit marine conservation. Setenta y Un Preguntas Importantes para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Marina

Temperature sensitivity of soil and root respiration in contrasting soils - Alice Thurgood; Balwant Singh; Edward Jones; Margaret M. Barbour (Plant and Soil, 2014)

On-line stable isotope gas exchange reveals an inducible but leaky carbon concentrating mechanism in Nannochloropsis salina - David T. Hanson; Aaron M. Collins; Howland D. T. Jones; John Roesgen; Samuel Lopez-Nieves; Jerilyn A. Timlin (Photosynthesis Research, 2014)

Evaluation Lessons Learned from Implementing CBPR in Native American Communities - Mark B. Dignan; Kate Jones; Linda Burhansstipanov; Arthur M. Michalek (Journal of Cancer Education, 2014)

Factors affecting Neofusicoccum luteum infection and disease progression in grapevines - N. T. Amponsah; E. E. Jones; H. J. Ridgway; M. V. Jaspers (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2014)

Validated age, growth and maturity of the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic Ocean - B. S. Frazier; W. B. Driggers; D. H. Adams; C. M. Jones; J. K. Loefer (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
The age, growth and maturity of bonnetheads Sphyrna tiburo inhabiting the estuarine and coastal waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean ( WNA ) from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, south to West Palm Beach, Florida, were examined. Vertebrae were collected and aged from 329 females and 217 males ranging in size from 262 to 1043 mm and 245 to 825 mm fork length, L F , respectively. Sex‐specific von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to length‐at‐age data. Female von Bertalanffy parameters were L ∞ = 1036 mm L F , k = 0·18, t 0 = −1·64 and L 0 = 272 mm L F . Males reached a smaller theoretical asymptotic length and had a higher growth coefficient ( L ∞ = 782 mm L F , k = 0·29, t 0 = −1·43 and L 0 = 266 mm L F ). Maximum observed age was 17·9 years for females and 16·0 years for males. Annual deposition of growth increments was verified by marginal increment analysis and validated for age classes 2·5+ to 10·5+ years through recapture of 13 oxytetracycline‐injected specimens at liberty in the wild for 1–4 years. Length ( L F50 ) and age ( A 50 ) at 50% maturity were 819 mm and 6·7 years for females, and 618 mm and 3·9 years for males. Both female and male S. tiburo in the WNA had a significantly higher maximum observed age, L F50 , A 50 and L ∞ , and a significantly lower k and estimated L 0 than evident in the Gulf of Mexico ( GOM ). These significant differences in life‐history parameters, as well as evidence from tagging and genetic studies, suggest that S. tiburo in the WNA and GOM should be considered separate stocks.

Detection of enteric pathogens in Turkey flocks affected with severe enteritis, in Brazil - Joelma Moura-Alvarez; Luis F. N. Nuñez; Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira; Terezinha Knöbl; Jorge L. Chacón; Andrea M. Moreno; Richard C. Jones; Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014)

The influence of stem guying on radial growth, stem form and internal resin features in radiata pine - John R. Moore; David J. Cown; John R. Lee; Russell B. McKinley; Rod K. Brownlie; Trevor G. Jones; Geoffrey M. Downes (Trees, 2014)

Regulation of Neurotropic Signaling by the Inducible, NF-kB-Sensitive miRNA-125b in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and in Primary Human Neuronal-Glial (HNG) Cells - Yuhai Zhao; Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee; Brandon M. Jones; Jim Hill; Prerna Dua; Walter J. Lukiw (Molecular Neurobiology, 2014)

Comparing land surface phenology derived from satellite and GPS network microwave remote sensing - Matthew O. Jones; John S. Kimball; Eric E. Small; Kristine M. Larson (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

The Role of Nitrogen Deposition in Widespread Plant Community Change Across Semi-natural Habitats - Chris D. Field; Nancy B. Dise; Richard J. Payne; Andrea J. Britton; Bridget A. Emmett; Rachel C. Helliwell; Steve Hughes; Laurence Jones; Steven Lees; Jonathan R. Leake; Ian D. Leith; Gareth K. Phoenix; et al. (Ecosystems, 2014)

Pollen Studies of East Texas Honey - Gretchen D. Jones; Vaughn M. Bryant (Palynology, 2014)

Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery - Nicholas M. Enwright; William R. Jones; Adrienne L. Garber; Matthew J. Keller (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014)

Application of stable isotope mixing models for defining trophic biomagnification pathways of mercury and selenium - H. J. Jones; K. M. Swadling; E. C. V. Butler; L. A. Barry; C. K. Macleod (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
Trophic models based on nitrogen stable isotope ratios ( δ 15 N) have been shown to predict changes in mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish; however, they are usually applied at the ecosystem scale and are rarely directed at known trophic pathways. We discuss a novel approach in which we combined gut contents analysis and stable isotope analyses ( δ 15 N and δ 13 C) into a Bayesian isotopic mixing model to provide a quantitative estimate of Hg and selenium (Se) biomagnification in an estuarine food web. Estimates of the relationship between total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were significantly improved in mixing model‐adjusted food webs over models that included all known prey sources. Spatial differences in dietary composition and MeHg bioavailability offer strong evidence that local food webs can have a significant effect on the biomagnification of Hg within benthic fish species. While no evidence of Se biomagnification was found, lower Se : Hg ratios at higher trophic levels could be attributed to increasing trophic Hg concentration. Furthermore, stable isotope analysis suggested Hg and Se biotransfer from benthic sources to fish. Overall, the findings highlight that isotope mixing models can be a significant aid in assessments of contaminant biomagnification, particularly when it is important to define food pathways to top predators.

Gelatinous zooplankton biomass in the global oceans: geographic variation and environmental drivers - Cathy H. Lucas; Daniel O. B. Jones; Catherine J. Hollyhead; Robert H. Condon; Carlos M. Duarte; William M. Graham; Kelly L. Robinson; Kylie A. Pitt; Mark Schildhauer; Jim Regetz (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim Scientific debate regarding the future trends, and subsequent ecological, biogeochemical and societal impacts, of gelatinous zooplankton ( GZ ) in a changing ocean is hampered by lack of a global baseline and an understanding of the causes of biogeographic patterns. We address this by using a new global database of GZ records to test hypotheses relating to environmental drivers of biogeographic variation in the multidecadal baseline of epipelagic GZ biomass in the world's oceans. Location Global oceans. Methods Over 476,000 global GZ data and metadata items were assembled from a variety of published and unpublished sources. From this, a total of 91,765 quantitative abundance data items from 1934 to 2011 were converted to carbon biomass using published biometric equations and species‐specific average sizes. Total GZ , Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Chordata (Thaliacea) biomass was mapped into 5° grid cells and environmental drivers of geographic variation were tested using spatial linear models. Results We present JeDI (the J ellyfish D atabase I nitiative), a publically accessible database available at http://jedi.nceas.ucsb.edu . We show that: (1) GZ are present throughout the world's oceans; (2) the global geometric mean and standard deviation of total gelatinous biomass is 0.53 ± 16.16 mg C m −3 , corresponding to a global biomass of 38.3 Tg C in the mixed layer of the ocean; (3) biomass of all gelatinous phyla is greatest in the subtropical and boreal Northern Hemisphere; and (4) within the North Atlantic, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization and sea surface temperature are the principal drivers of biomass distribution. Main conclusions JeDI is a unique global dataset of GZ taxa which will provide a benchmark against which future observations can be compared and shifting baselines assessed. The presence of GZ throughout the world's oceans and across the complete global spectrum of environmental variables indicates that evolution has delivered a range of species able to adapt to all available ecological niches.

The P seudomonas viridiflava phylogroups in the P . syringae species complex are characterized by genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of pathogenicity‐related traits - Claudia Bartoli; Odile Berge; Caroline L. Monteil; Caroline Guilbaud; Giorgio M. Balestra; Leonardo Varvaro; Corbin Jones; Jeffery L. Dangl; David A. Baltrus; David C. Sands; Cindy E. Morris (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary As a species complex, P seudomonas syringae exists in both agriculture and natural aquatic habitats. P . viridiflava , a member of this complex, has been reported to be phenotypically largely homogenous. We characterized strains from different habitats, selected based on their genetic similarity to previously described P . viridiflava strains. We revealed two distinct phylogroups and two different kinds of variability in phenotypic traits and genomic content. The strains exhibited phase variation in phenotypes including pathogenicity and soft rot on potato. We showed that the presence of two configurations of the Type III Secretion System [single ( S ‐ PAI ) and tripartite ( T ‐ PAI ) pathogenicity islands] are not correlated with pathogenicity or with the capacity to induce soft rot in contrast to previous reports. The presence/absence of the avrE effector gene was the only trait we found to be correlated with pathogenicity of P . viridiflava . Other Type III secretion effector genes were not correlated with pathogenicity. A genomic region resembling an exchangeable effector locus ( EEL ) was found in S ‐ PAI strains, and a probable recombination between the two PAIs is described. The ensemble of the variability observed in these phylogroups of P . syringae likely contributes to their adaptability to alternating opportunities for pathogenicity or saprophytic survival.

Social capital and citizen perceptions of coastal management for tackling climate change impacts in Greece - N. Jones; S. Koukoulas; J. R. A. Clark; K. Ι. Evangelinos; P. G. Dimitrakopoulos; M. O. Eftihidou; A. Koliou; M. Mpalaska; S. Papanikolaou; G. Stathi; P. Tsaliki (Regional Environmental Change, 2014)

Hyperphosphorylated Tau is Implicated in Acquired Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities - Ping Zheng; Sandy R. Shultz; Chris M. Hovens; Dennis Velakoulis; Nigel C. Jones; Terence J. O’Brien (Molecular Neurobiology, 2014)

Structural brain changes in prenatal methamphetamine-exposed children - Annerine Roos; Gaby Jones; Fleur M. Howells; Dan J. Stein; Kirsten A. Donald (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2014)

Characterization of Physical and Chemical Defenses in the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid - Anne C. Jones; Donald E. Mullins; Tappey H. Jones; Scott M. Salom (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

Snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ): a review of life history and key vulnerabilities in New Zealand - DM Parsons; CJ Sim‐Smith; M Cryer; MP Francis; B Hartill; EG Jones; A Le Port; M Lowe; J McKenzie; M Morrison; LJ Paul; C Radford; et al. (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2014)
Snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus ) is an important coastal fish species in New Zealand for a variety of reasons, but the large amount of research conducted on snapper has not been reviewed. Here, we review life history information and potential threats for snapper in New Zealand. We present information on snapper life history, defining stages (eggs and larvae, juvenile and adult), and assess potential threats and knowledge gaps. Overall we identify six key points: 1. post‐settlement snapper are highly associated with certain estuarine habitats that are under threat from land‐based stressors. This may serve as a bottleneck for snapper populations; 2. the largest knowledge gaps relate to the eggs and larvae. Additional knowledge may help to anticipate the effects of climate change, which will likely have the greatest influence on these early life stages; 3. ocean acidification, from land‐based sources and from climate change, may be an important threat to larval snapper; 4. a greater understanding of population connectivity would improve certainty around the sustainability of fishery exploitation; 5. the collateral effects of fishing are likely to be relevant to fishery productivity, ecosystem integrity and enduser value; 6. our understanding of the interrelationships between snapper and other ecosystem components is still deficient.

An updated assessment of trends and variability in total and extreme rainfall in the western Pacific - S. McGree; K. Whan; D. Jones; L. V. Alexander; A. Imielska; H. Diamond; E. Ene; S. Finaulahi; K. Inape; L. Jacklick; R. Kumar; V. Laurent; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)

Trends and variability of temperature extremes in the tropical Western Pacific - K. Whan; L. V. Alexander; A. Imielska; S. McGree; D. Jones; E. Ene; S. Finaulahi; K. Inape; L. Jacklick; R. Kumar; V. Laurent; H. Malala; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)

Effects of environmental factors on dimethylated sulfur compounds and their potential role in the antioxidant system of the coral holobiont - E. S. M. Deschaseaux; G. B. Jones; M. A. Deseo; K. M. Shepherd; R. P. Kiene; H. B. Swan; P. L. Harrison; B. D. Eyre (Limnology and Oceanography, 2014)
Biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its main precursors, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), are potential scavengers of reactive oxygen species in marine algae, and these dimethylated sulfur compounds (DSC) could take part in the algal antioxidant system. In this study, a link between the DSC production and the antioxidant capacity (AOC) of Acropora aspera reef coral was investigated under a range of environmental factors (temperature, light, salinity, and air exposure) that can lead to oxidative stress in the coral holobiont. Enhanced DMS(P)(O) production occurred under experimental conditions, indicating that DSC are potential biomarkers of stress level in coral tissue. Differences in concentrations and partitioning as a response to different treatments suggest that DSC production and turnover undergo different biochemical pathways depending on the type and severity of environmental stress. Osmotic pressure and light depletion led to an up‐regulation of the coral AOC that was correlated with a significant increase in DMSO : DSC ratio. These results, combined with a positive correlation between the AOC and DMSO concentrations under these two treatments, suggest that the DMSP‐based antioxidant system is involved in the overall antioxidant regulation of the coral holobiont. Enhanced DMS production coupled with an increased DMS : DSC ratio under increased temperature indicated that thermal stress triggers DMS formation in coral tissue. Considering the role that DMS can have in both climate regulation and the DMSP‐based antioxidant system, our findings highlight the need to further examine the fate of DSC in coral reef environments under scenarios of increasing sea surface temperatures.

Reviewing the carbon cycle dynamics and carbon sequestration potential of Cyperus papyrus L. wetlands in tropical Africa - M. J. Saunders; Frank Kansiime; Michael B. Jones (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2014)

Genetic analysis of resistance to six virus diseases in a multiple virus-resistant maize inbred line - Jose Luis Zambrano; Mark W. Jones; Eric Brenner; David M. Francis; Adriana Tomas; Margaret G. Redinbaugh (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2014)

Erratum to: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research - Daniela Jacob; Juliane Petersen; Bastian Eggert; Antoinette Alias; Ole Bøssing Christensen; Laurens M. Bouwer; Alain Braun; Augustin Colette; Michel Déqué; Goran Georgievski; Elena Georgopoulou; Andreas Gobiet; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2014)

EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research - Daniela Jacob; Juliane Petersen; Bastian Eggert; Antoinette Alias; Ole Bøssing Christensen; Laurens M. Bouwer; Alain Braun; Augustin Colette; Michel Déqué; Goran Georgievski; Elena Georgopoulou; Andreas Gobiet; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2014)

From cooperation to combat: adverse effect of thermal stress in a symbiotic coral-crustacean community - J. S. Stella; P. L. Munday; S. P. W. Walker; M. S. Pratchett; G. P. Jones (Oecologia, 2014)

Physical activity and prostate gene expression in men with low-risk prostate cancer - Mark Jesus M. Magbanua; Erin L. Richman; Eduardo V. Sosa; Lee W. Jones; Jeff Simko; Katsuto Shinohara; Christopher M. Haqq; Peter R. Carroll; June M. Chan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2014)

Multispecies spawning sites for fishes on a low‐latitude coral reef: spatial and temporal patterns - J. A. B. Claydon; M. I. McCormick; G. P. Jones (Journal of Fish Biology, 2014)
Spawning sites used by one or more species were located by intensively searching nearshore coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (New Britain, Papua New Guinea). Once identified, the spawning sites were surveyed repeatedly within fixed 5 m radius circular areas, for > 2000 h of observations ranging from before dawn to after dusk spanning 190 days between July 2001 and May 2004. A total of 38 spawning sites were identified on the seven study reefs distributed at an average of one site every 60 m of reef edge. Pelagic spawning was observed in 41 fish species from six families. On three intensively studied reefs, all 17 spawning sites identified were used by at least three species, with a maximum of 30 different species observed spawning at a single site. Spawning was observed during every month of the study, on all days of the lunar month, at all states of the tide and at most hours of the day studied. Nevertheless, the majority of species were observed spawning on proportionately more days from December to April, on more days around the new moon and in association with higher tides. The strongest temporal association, however, was with species‐specific diel spawning times spanning Ctenochaetus striatus also differed significantly among sites. The large number of species spawning at the same restricted locations during predictable times suggests that these sites are extremely important on this low‐latitude coral reef.

Viticulture–climate relationships in Greece: the impacts of recent climate trends on harvest date variation - George Koufos; Theodoros Mavromatis; Stefanos Koundouras; Nikolaos M. Fyllas; Gregory V. Jones (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)
Climate characteristics and relationships with indigenous varieties in Greece are examined to better understand how these varieties perform in their native climate and assess the impact regional climate change has on the Greek wine industry. Thus, harvest dates ( Δ H ) for eight indigenous varieties and regions, along with climate data, were gathered and systematically explored using linear regression models and principal component analysis for three ‘effective’ growing season time period definitions (calendar year, growing season and ripening period). The eight study regions had marked differences in their general climatic characteristics, mainly between mainland and island areas. Δ H response was not particularly sensitive to time period definition. In five out of eight regions, a systematic shift of Δ H was identified (earlier harvest), mainly driven by changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Significant trends in climate parameters and viticulture–climate relationships were more evident for island regions when compared to mainland locations. Moreover, areas with late ripening varieties were shown to be less sensitive to climate changes. Only in one region harvest was delayed, possibly due to non‐climate factors. The identification of up‐to‐date climate and grapevine phenology relationships could be an important step for broader and more confident future assessments of climate suitability for viticulture and climate change impacts in Greece, and provide insights into how lesser known varieties might perform in other regions.

Trends of temperature extremes in Saudi Arabia - Mansour Almazroui; M. Nazrul Islam; Ramzah Dambul; P. D. Jones (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)
In characterizing the patterns of climate change across Saudi Arabia, several extreme indices are calculated from station values daily maximum and minimum temperature data. The trend analyses are performed on 13 annual extreme indices for Saudi Arabia, using observations from 27 surface stations with high‐quality data for the period 1981–2010. RClimDex is used to calculate the indices, and simple regression methods are employed for the trend analysis. The analyses of extreme temperature indices detected a significant increase in the majority of the stations, which further indicates that the country has experienced a warming trend. The findings show that 92/89% of the stations displayed a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm days/nights and 96/93% revealed a significant decrease for the occurrence of cool days/nights. Time‐series analysis has also shown an important feature of the climate change signal. When the dataset is divided into two sub‐periods, the analysis reveals a distinctive long‐term trend that clearly distinguishes the two periods. It was found that the temperature extremes (hot and cold) in Saudi Arabia have increased significantly with greater magnitude in the recent‐past (1996–2010) compared to the previous period (1981–1995). The most telling evidence for this is the heat‐ and cold‐waves, where indices of both have occurred more frequently in the second part of the two sub‐periods.

GSL2 over-expression confers resistance to Pectobacterium atrosepticum in potato - Sara Mohan; Sathiyamoorthy Meiyalaghan; Julie M. Latimer; Michelle L. Gatehouse; Katrina S. Monaghan; Bhanupratap R. Vanga; Andrew R. Pitman; E. Eirian Jones; Anthony J. Conner; Jeanne M. E. Jacobs (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2014)

Blood pressure regulation VII. The “morning surge” in blood pressure: measurement issues and clinical significance - Greg Atkinson; Alan M. Batterham; Kazuomi Kario; Chloe E. Taylor; Helen Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Precipitation over eastern South America and the South Atlantic Sea surface temperature during neutral ENSO periods - Rodrigo J. Bombardi; Leila M. V. Carvalho; Charles Jones; Michelle S. Reboita (Climate Dynamics, 2014)

Preliminary findings of cortical thickness abnormalities in blast injured service members and their relationship to clinical findings - D. F. Tate; G. E. York; M. W. Reid; D. B. Cooper; L. Jones; D. A. Robin; J. E. Kennedy; J. Lewis (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

First record of living Manta alfredi × Manta birostris hybrid - R. P. Walter; S. T. Kessel; N. Alhasan; A. T. Fisk; D. D. Heath; T. Chekchak; R. Klaus; M. Younis; G. Hill; B. Jones; C. D. Braun; M. L. Berumen; et al. (Marine Biodiversity, 2014)

Ontogenetic variation in epibiont community structure in the deep‐sea yeti crab, Kiwa puravida : convergence among crustaceans - Shana K. Goffredi; Ann Gregory; William J. Jones; Norma M. Morella; Reid I. Sakamoto (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
Recent investigations have demonstrated that unusually ‘hairy’ yeti crabs within the family Kiwaidae associate with two predominant filamentous bacterial families, the Epsilon and Gammaproteobacteria. These analyses, however, were based on samples collected from a single body region, the setae of pereopods. To more thoroughly investigate the microbiome associated with Kiwa puravida , a yeti crab species from Costa Rica, we utilized barcoded 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing, as well as microscopy and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results indicate that, indeed, the bacterial community on the pereopods is far less diverse than on the rest of the body (Shannon indices ranged from 1.30–2.02 and 2.22–2.66, respectively). Similarly, the bacterial communities associated with juveniles and adults were more complex than previously recognized, with as many as 46 bacterial families represented. Ontogenetic differences in the microbial community, from egg to juvenile to adult, included a dramatic under‐representation of the Helicobacteraceae and higher abundances of both Thiotrichaceae and Methylococcaceae for the eggs, which paralleled patterns observed in another bacteria–crustacean symbiosis. The degree to which abiotic and biotic feedbacks influence the bacterial community on the crabs is still not known, but predictions suggest that both the local environment and host‐derived factors influence the establishment and maintenance of microbes associated with the surfaces of aquatic animals.

Biofilm Responses to Toxic Shocks in Closed Pipes: Using Nitrous Oxide Emissions as an Early Warning of Toxicity Ahead of a Wastewater Treatment Works - G. Black; M. Jones; P. Vale; N. Johnson; A. Nocker; E. Cartmell; G. Dotro (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

Effect of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists on attentional set-shifting impairment in rats - Kelli M. Jones; Ivar M. McDonald; Clotilde Bourin; Richard E. Olson; Linda J. Bristow; Amy Easton (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Acute hyperglycaemia does not alter nitric oxide-mediated microvascular function in the skin of adolescents with type 1 diabetes - Louise H. Naylor; Norhaida M. Yusof; Nirubasini Paramalingam; Timothy W. Jones; Elizabeth A. Davis; Daniel J. Green (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research - Bas J. van Ruijven; Marc A. Levy; Arun Agrawal; Frank Biermann; Joern Birkmann; Timothy R. Carter; Kristie L. Ebi; Matthias Garschagen; Bryan Jones; Roger Jones; Eric Kemp-Benedict; Marcel Kok; et al. (Climatic Change, 2014)

Genetic data generated from virus–host complexes obtained by membrane co-immobilization are equivalent to data obtained from tangential filtrate virus concentrates and virus cultures - J. M. Manrique; L. R. Jones (Virus Genes, 2014)

Homologous and heterologous desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B signaling in GH3 somatolactotropes - Iain R. Thompson; Samantha M. Mirczuk; Lorna Smith; Andrew J. Lessey; Bigboy Simbi; Andrew Sunters; Gary F. Baxter; Victoria J. Lipscomb; Imelda M. McGonnell; Caroline P. Wheeler-Jones; Abir Mukherjee; Mark S. Roberson; et al. (Cell and Tissue Research, 2014)

Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics in cultivated and wild offspring of the invasive Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) - Benjamin J. Merritt; Joshua B. Jones; Nicole A. Hardiman; Theresa M. Culley (Biological Invasions, 2014)

Biodegradation of crude oil saturated fraction supported on clays - Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu; Martin D. Jones; Ian M. Head; David. A. C. Manning; Claire I. Fialips (Biodegradation, 2014)

Variation in hair δ13C and δ15N values in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Singapore - Michael A. Schillaci; J. Margaret Castellini; Craig A. Stricker; Lisa Jones-Engel; Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee; Todd M. O’Hara (Primates, 2014)

The removal of arsenate from water using iron-modified diatomite (D-Fe): isotherm and column experiments - M. L. Pantoja; H. Jones; H. Garelick; H. G. Mohamedbakr; M. Burkitbayev (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014)

Forecasting the duration of volcanic eruptions: an empirical probabilistic model - L. S. Gunn; S. Blake; M. C. Jones; H. Rymer (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2014)

Susceptiblity of common rootstock and scion varieties of grapevines to Botryosphaeriaceae species - R. Billones-Baaijens; E. E. Jones; H. J. Ridgway; M. V. Jaspers (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2014)

Improving population estimates by quantifying diving and surfacing patterns: A dugong example - Rie Hagihara; Rhondda E. Jones; Alana Grech; Janet M. Lanyon; James K. Sheppard; Helene Marsh (Marine Mammal Science, 2014)
Diving animals are available for detection from above the water when environmental conditions are favorable and the animals are near the surface. The number of animals that are unavailable for detection needs to be estimated to obtain unbiased population estimates. The current availability correction factors used in aerial surveys for the dugong ( Dugong dugon ) allow for variation in environmental conditions but use the average time dugongs spend near the surface ( i.e ., constant availability corrections). To improve availability estimates, we examined location and dive data from nine dugongs fitted with satellite telemetry units and time‐depth recorders ( TDR s) in eastern Australia. The effects of water depth, tidal conditions, and habitat types on dugong surfacing time were examined using generalized linear mixed models ( GLMM s). We found that availability for detection differed with water depth, and depth‐specific availability estimates were often lower than the constant estimates. The habitat effect was less influential, and there was no tidal effect. The number of dugongs estimated using depth‐specific availabilities were higher than those obtained using constant availabilities across water depth. Hence, information on water depth can refine availability estimates and subsequent abundance estimates from dugong aerial surveys. The methodology may be applicable to other aquatic wildlife.

Testing the sensitivity of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean dynamics: past changes and future implications - CHRISTOPHER J. FOGWILL; CHRISTIAN S. M. TURNEY; KATRIN J. MEISSNER; NICHOLAS R. GOLLEDGE; PAUL SPENCE; JASON L. ROBERTS; MATHEW H. ENGLAND; RICHARD T. JONES; LIONEL CARTER (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2014)
The stability of Antarctic ice sheets and their potential contribution to sea level under projected future warming remains highly uncertain. The Last Interglacial (135 000–116 000 years ago) provides a potential analogue, with global temperatures 2 °C higher and rates of sea‐level rise >5.6 m ka −1 , leading to sea levels 6.6–9.4 m higher than present. The source(s) of this sea‐level rise remain fiercely debated. Here we report a series of independent model simulations exploring the effects of migrating Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHWs) on Southern Ocean circulation and Antarctic ice‐sheet dynamics. We suggest that southerly shifts in winds may have significantly impacted the sub‐polar gyres, inducing pervasive warming (0.2–0.8 °C in the upper 1200 m) adjacent to sectors of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), which due to their geometries and connectivity to the Southern Ocean are highly sensitive to ocean forcing. We conclude that the EAIS potentially made a substantial, hitherto unsuspected, contribution to interglacial sea levels, and given 21st‐century projections in the Southern Annular Mode and associated SHW migration, we highlight how pervasive circum‐Antarctic warming may threaten EAIS stability.

Classification of freshwater ice conditions on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain using ground penetrating radar and TerraSAR-X satellite data - Benjamin M. Jones; Alessio Gusmeroli; Christopher D. Arp; Tazio Strozzi; Guido Grosse; Benjamin V. Gaglioti; Matthew S. Whitman (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013)

Little evidence for niche partitioning among ectomycorrhizal fungi on spruce seedlings planted in decayed wood versus mineral soil microsites - Jennifer K. M. Walker; Melanie D. Jones (Oecologia, 2013)

Microsatellite loci characterised in a megapode, the Australian brush-turkey Alectura lathami - Filipa M. S. Martins; Deborah A. Dawson; Gavin J. Horsburgh; Samantha Timmons; Darryl N. Jones (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2013)

Scaling pairwise β‐diversity and α‐diversity with area - Karel Mokany; Mirkka M. Jones; Thomas D. Harwood (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim The relationship between species richness (α‐diversity) and area is well studied; however, the way in which compositional dissimilarity between pairs of sites (β‐diversity) scales with area has only recently attracted research attention. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area, to illuminate ecological processes structuring the distribution of biodiversity and enable prediction of α‐ and β‐diversity for large regions from much smaller samples. Location We examined both simulated spatial community data and measurements from tropical forest tree plots in P anama. Methods We applied the simulated and measured community data to assess how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area. Then we examined how accurately community α‐diversity and pairwise β‐diversity can be extrapolated from small sample areas of different size within each community, using the species–area power relationship. Results For both the simulated and tree plot data, pairwise β‐diversity scaled with area in a corresponding manner to the much more familiar species–area relationship. By altering the attributes of the simulated communities, we found that α‐ and β‐diversity saturated at smaller areas where abundances were more even, species distributions were less aggregated and regional richness was lower. Estimates of α‐ and β‐diversity for a pair of communities generally increased in accuracy with the size of the local sample areas from which extrapolations were made. Main conclusions These analyses suggest that the most robust estimates of α‐ and β‐diversity for a larger area will be obtained by local samples that are greater than 10% the size of that larger area. Our results emphasize the fundamental link in how both α‐ and β‐diversity scale with area, and demonstrate how simple knowledge of these scaling relationships can be used to predict the diversity of larger areas from smaller samples.

Roles of Patch Characteristics, Drought Frequency, and Restoration in Long‐Term Trends of a Widespread Amphibian - BLAKE R. HOSSACK; MICHAEL J. ADAMS; CHRISTOPHER A. PEARL; KRISTINE W. WILSON; EVELYN L. BULL; KRISTIN LOHR; DEBRA PATLA; DAVID S. PILLIOD; JASON M. JONES; KEVIN K. WHEELER; SAMUEL P. MCKAY; PAUL STEPHEN CORN (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Despite the high profile of amphibian declines and the increasing threat of drought and fragmentation to aquatic ecosystems, few studies have examined long‐term rates of change for a single species across a large geographic area. We analyzed growth in annual egg‐mass counts of the Columbia spotted frog ( Rana luteiventris ) across the northwestern United States, an area encompassing 3 genetic clades. On the basis of data collected by multiple partners from 98 water bodies between 1991 and 2011, we used state‐space and linear‐regression models to measure effects of patch characteristics, frequency of summer drought, and wetland restoration on population growth. Abundance increased in the 2 clades with greatest decline history, but declined where populations are considered most secure. Population growth was negatively associated with temporary hydroperiods and landscape modification (measured by the human footprint index), but was similar in modified and natural water bodies. The effect of drought was mediated by the size of the water body: populations in large water bodies maintained positive growth despite drought, whereas drought magnified declines in small water bodies. Rapid growth in restored wetlands in areas of historical population declines provided strong evidence of successful management. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining large areas of habitat and underscore the greater vulnerability of small areas of habitat to environmental stochasticity. Similar long‐term growth rates in modified and natural water bodies and rapid, positive responses to restoration suggest pond construction and other forms of management can effectively increase population growth. These tools are likely to become increasingly important to mitigate effects of increased drought expected from global climate change . Papeles de las Características del Fragmento, Frecuencia de Sequía y Restauración en las Tendencias a Largo Plazo de un Anfibio Ampliamente Distribuido

Recent parallel divergence in body shape and diet source of alewife life history forms - Andrew W. Jones; Eric P. Palkovacs; David M. Post (Evolutionary Ecology, 2013)

Mine water geochemistry and metal flux in a major historic Pb-Zn-F orefield, the Yorkshire Pennines, UK - A. Jones; M. Rogerson; G. Greenway; H. A. B. Potter; W. M. Mayes (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013)

The under‐ice microbiome of seasonally frozen lakes - Stefan Bertilsson; Amy Burgin; Cayelan C. Carey; Samuel B. Fey; Hans-Peter Grossart; Lorena M. Grubisic; Ian D. Jones; Georgiy Kirillin; Jay T. Lennon; Ashley Shade; Robyn L. Smyth (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
Compared to the well‐studied open water of the “growing” season, under‐ice conditions in lakes are characterized by low and rather constant temperature, slow water movements, limited light availability, and reduced exchange with the surrounding landscape. These conditions interact with ice‐cover duration to shape microbial processes in temperate lakes and ultimately influence the phenology of community and ecosystem processes. We review the current knowledge on microorganisms in seasonally frozen lakes. Specifically, we highlight how under‐ice conditions alter lake physics and the ways that this can affect the distribution and metabolism of auto‐ and heterotrophic microorganisms. We identify functional traits that we hypothesize are important for understanding under‐ice dynamics and discuss how these traits influence species interactions. As ice coverage duration has already been seen to reduce as air temperatures have warmed, the dynamics of the under‐ice microbiome are important for understanding and predicting the dynamics and functioning of seasonally frozen lakes in the near future.

Recent lake ice‐out phenology within and among lake districts of Alaska, U.S.A - Christopher D. Arp; Benjamin M. Jones; Guido Grosse (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
The timing of ice‐out in high latitudes is a fundamental threshold for lake ecosystems and an indicator of climate change. In lake‐rich regions, the loss of ice cover also plays a key role in landscape and climatic processes. Thus, there is a need to understand lake ice phenology at multiple scales. In this study, we observed ice‐out timing on 55 large lakes in 11 lake districts across Alaska from 2007 to 2012 using satellite imagery. Sensor networks in two lake districts validated satellite observations and provided comparison with smaller lakes. Over this 6 yr period, the mean lake ice‐out for all lakes was 27 May and ranged from 07 May in Kenai to 06 July in Arctic Coastal Plain lake districts with relatively low inter‐annual variability. Approximately 80% of the variation in ice‐out timing was explained by the date of 0°C air temperature isotherm and lake area. Shoreline irregularity, watershed area, and river connectivity explained additional variation in some districts. Coherence in ice‐out timing within the lakes of each district was consistently strong over this 6 yr period, ranging from r ‐values of 0.5 to 0.9. Inter‐district analysis of coherence also showed synchronous ice‐out patterns with the exception of the two arctic coastal districts where ice‐out occurs later (June‐July) and climatology is sea‐ice influenced. These patterns of lake ice phenology provide a spatially extensive baseline describing short‐term temporal variability, which will help decipher longer term trends in ice phenology and aid in representing the role of lake ice in land and climate models in northern landscapes.

Top‐down control of soil fungal community composition by a globally distributed keystone consumer - Thomas W. Crowther; David W. G. Stanton; Stephen M. Thomas; A. Donald A'Bear; Jennifer Hiscox; T. Hefin Jones; Jana Voříšková; Petr Baldrian; Lynne Boddy (Ecology, 2013)
The relative contribution of top‐down and bottom‐up processes regulating primary decomposers can influence the strength of the link between the soil animal community and ecosystem functioning. Although soil bacterial communities are regulated by bottom‐up and top‐down processes, the latter are considered to be less important in structuring the diversity and functioning of fungal‐dominated ecosystems. Despite the huge diversity of mycophagous (fungal‐feeding) soil fauna, and their potential to reverse the outcomes of competitive fungal interactions, top‐down grazing effects have never been found to translate to community‐level changes. We constructed soil mesocosms to investigate the potential of isopods grazing on cord‐forming basidiomycete fungi to influence the community composition and functioning of a complex woodland soil microbial community. Using metagenomic sequencing we provide conclusive evidence of direct top‐down control at the community scale in fungal‐dominated woodland soil. By suppressing the dominant cord‐forming basidiomycete fungi, isopods prevented the competitive exclusion of surrounding litter fungi, increasing diversity in a community containing several hundred fungal species. This isopod‐induced modification of community composition drove a shift in the soil enzyme profile, and led to a restructuring of the wider mycophagous invertebrate community. We highlight characteristics of different soil ecosystems that will give rise to such top‐down control. Given the ubiquity of isopods and basidiomycete fungi in temperate and boreal woodland ecosystems, such top‐down community control could be of widespread significance for global carbon and nutrient cycling.

Disruption of model-based behavior and learning by cocaine self-administration in rats - Heather M. Wied; Joshua L. Jones; Nisha K. Cooch; Benjamin A. Berg; Geoffrey Schoenbaum (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Analyzing the Practice of Life Cycle Assessment - Christi L. Saunders; Amy E. Landis; Laurel P. Mecca; Alex K. Jones; Laura A. Schaefer; Melissa M. Bilec (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2013)
Summary Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a quantitative tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products or processes. With respect to buildings, LCA can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of an entire building's life cycle. Currently LCA in the building area is used in a limited capacity, primarily to select building products. In order to determine the causality for the lack of whole‐building LCAs, focus groups with members of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) communities were held. This article investigates the current level of knowledge of LCA in the AEC community and then discusses the benefits and barriers to the practice of LCA. In summary, the goal of the research was to identify why LCA is not used to its fullest potential in a whole‐building LCA. In an open forum and moderated setting, focus group participants were asked individually to self‐identify their experience with LCA, a brief education session on LCA was held, and then benefits and barriers to LCA were discussed. The focus group sessions were transcribed and systematically coded by social researchers in order to analyze the results. Hybrid flow and radar charts were developed. From the focus group results, the most important benefit to LCA was “provides information about environmental impacts.” The results did not identify a prominent barrier; however, building‐related metrics were ascertained to be one of the more crucial barriers. The benefits and barriers classified by this analysis will be utilized to develop a subsequent online survey to further understand the LCA and AEC community.

Climate change projections of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) - L. O. Mearns; S. Sain; L. R. Leung; M. S. Bukovsky; S. McGinnis; S. Biner; D. Caya; R. W. Arritt; W. Gutowski; E. Takle; M. Snyder; R. G. Jones; et al. (Climatic Change, 2013)

Siberian high variability and its teleconnections with tropical circulations and surface air temperature over Saudi Arabia - H. M. Hasanean; M. Almazroui; P. D. Jones; A. A. Alamoudi (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Improved Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Blood Flow in Membrane Oxygenators from X-ray Imaging - Cameron C. Jones; James M. McDonough; Patrizio Capasso; Dongfang Wang; Kyle S. Rosenstein; Joseph B. Zwischenberger (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013)

Shallow waters: social science research in South Africa's marine environment - M Sowman; D Scott; L J F Green; M M Hara; M Hauck; K Kirsten; B Paterson; S Raemaekers; K Jones; J Sunde; J K Turpie (African Journal of Marine Science, 2013)

Compositional changes of crude oil SARA fractions due to biodegradation and adsorption on colloidal support such as clays using Iatroscan - Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu; Martin D. Jones; Ian M. Head; David A. C. Manning; Claire I. Fialips (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013)

Architectural scoring framework for the creation and evaluation of System-Aware Cyber Security solutions - Rick A. Jones; Barbara A. Luckett; Peter A. Beling; Barry M. Horowitz (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2013)

Habitat preferences of a corallivorous reef fish: predation risk versus food quality - R. M. Brooker; P. L. Munday; I. M. Mcleod; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2013)

Urbanization effects on the air temperature rise in Saudi Arabia - Mansour Almazroui; M. Nazrul Islam; P. D. Jones (Climatic Change, 2013)

Acidocella aromatica sp. nov.: an acidophilic heterotrophic alphaproteobacterium with unusual phenotypic traits - Rose M. Jones; Sabrina Hedrich; D. Barrie Johnson (Extremophiles, 2013)

Comparison of historical bottleneck effects and genetic consequences of re‐introduction in a critically endangered island passerine - Rachel M. Bristol; Rachel Tucker; Deborah A. Dawson; Gavin Horsburgh; Robert P. Prys‐Jones; Alain C. Frantz; Andy Krupa; Nirmal J. Shah; Terry Burke; Jim J. Groombridge (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Re‐introduction is an important tool for recovering endangered species; however, the magnitude of genetic consequences for re‐introduced populations remains largely unknown, in particular the relative impacts of historical population bottlenecks compared to those induced by conservation management. We characterize 14 microsatellite loci developed for the S eychelles paradise flycatcher and use them to quantify temporal and spatial measures of genetic variation across a 134‐year time frame encompassing a historical bottleneck that reduced the species to ~28 individuals in the 1960s, through the initial stages of recovery and across a second contemporary conservation‐introduction‐induced bottleneck. We then evaluate the relative impacts of the two bottlenecks, and finally apply our findings to inform broader re‐introduction strategy. We find a temporal trend of significant decrease in standard measures of genetic diversity across the historical bottleneck, but only a nonsignificant downward trend in number of alleles across the contemporary bottleneck. However, accounting for the different timescales of the two bottlenecks (~40 historical generations versus

Construction of a daily precipitation grid for southeastern South America for the period 1961–2000 - P. D. Jones; D. H. Lister; C. Harpham; M. Rusticucci; O. Penalba (International Journal of Climatology, 2013)
Daily station precipitation totals are used to develop a gridded dataset for the region (14°–40°S, 45°–70°W) on a 0.5° × 0.5° latitude/longitude grid, primarily for comparison with regional climate model ( RCM ) simulations. The gridded dataset covers the period 1961–2000. Much of the paper discusses the quality control of the basic station precipitation series. Although the primary aim of the development has been RCM validation, we have assessed trends in seasonal precipitation totals as well as trends in two measures of precipitation extremes (R95p, the daily precipitation amount exceeded only 5% of the time and Rx5day, the maximum 5‐d precipitation total during each season). Relatively few regions across the large domain have statistically significant trends, but those that do tend to be located in the eastern two thirds of the grid, particularly over southeastern Brazil and Uruguay. Significant trends are also more evident in the DJF and MAM seasons. There is good spatial agreement between the trends in seasonal totals and trends in the extreme indices.

Attenuation of saccharin-seeking in rats by orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 antagonist - Angie M. Cason; Gary Aston-Jones (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Ectomycorrhizal fungal community assembly on regenerating Douglas-fir after wildfire and clearcut harvesting - Jason S. Barker; Suzanne W. Simard; Melanie D. Jones; D. M. Durall (Oecologia, 2013)

Projected shifts of wine regions in response to climate change - M. Moriondo; G. V. Jones; B. Bois; C. Dibari; R. Ferrise; G. Trombi; M. Bindi (Climatic Change, 2013)

Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites - Andrew N. Gillison; David E. Bignell; Kenneth R. W. Brewer; Erick C. M. Fernandes; David T. Jones; Douglas Sheil; Peter H. May; Allan D. Watt; Reginaldo Constantino; Eduardo G. Couto; Kurniatun Hairiah; Paul Jepson; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Paleoclimate studies and natural-resource management in the Murray-Darling Basin II: unravelling human impacts and climate variability - K. Mills; P. Gell; J. Gergis; P. J. Baker; C. M. Finlayson; P. P. Hesse; R. Jones; P. Kershaw; S. Pearson; P. C. Treble; C. Barr; M. Brookhouse; et al. (Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2013)

River discharge predicts spatial distributions of beluga whales in the Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, during early summer - Julian R. Ashford; Tal Ezer; Cynthia M. Jones (Polar Biology, 2013)

The role of magnesium in plant disease - Don M. Huber; Jeff B. Jones (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Erratum to: Protected Graft Copolymer Excipient Leads to a Higher Acute Maximum Tolerated Dose and Extends Residence Time of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Significantly Better than Sterically Stabilized Micelles - Sandra Reichstetter; Gerardo M. Castillo; Israel Rubinstein; Akiko Nishimoto-Ashfield; ManShun Lai; Cynthia C. Jones; Aryamitra Banerjee; Alex Lyubimov; Duane C. Bloedow; Alexei Bogdanov; Elijah M. Bolotin (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

No effect of acute l-arginine supplementation on O2 cost or exercise tolerance - Anni Vanhatalo; Stephen J. Bailey; Fred J. DiMenna; Jamie R. Blackwell; Gareth A. Wallis; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance - Lee J. Wylie; Magni Mohr; Peter Krustrup; Sarah R. Jackman; Georgios Ermιdis; James Kelly; Matthew I. Black; Stephen J. Bailey; Anni Vanhatalo; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change - E. A. G. Schuur; B. W. Abbott; W. B. Bowden; V. Brovkin; P. Camill; J. G. Canadell; J. P. Chanton; F. S. Chapin; T. R. Christensen; P. Ciais; B. T. Crosby; C. I. Czimczik; et al. (Climatic Change, 2013)

Increased hyphal branching and growth of ectomycorrhizal fungus Lactarius rufus by the helper bacterium Paenibacillus sp - T. J. Aspray; E. E. Jones; M. W. Davies; M. Shipman; G. D. Bending (Mycorrhiza, 2013)

QTL for root angle and number in a population developed from bread wheats (Triticum aestivum) with contrasting adaptation to water-limited environments - Jack Christopher; Mandy Christopher; Raeleen Jennings; Shirley Jones; Susan Fletcher; Andrew Borrell; Ahmad M. Manschadi; David Jordan; Emma Mace; Graeme Hammer (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Prey selectivity affects reproductive success of a corallivorous reef fish - Rohan M. Brooker; Geoffrey P. Jones; Philip L. Munday (Oecologia, 2013)

Erratum to: Patterns of recruitment and microhabitat associations for three predatory coral reef fishes on the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia - C. K. C. Wen; M. S. Pratchett; G. R. Almany; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2013)

Suspended sediment alters predator–prey interactions between two coral reef fishes - A. S. Wenger; M. I. McCormick; I. M. McLeod; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2013)

Patterns of recruitment and microhabitat associations for three predatory coral reef fishes on the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia - C. K. C. Wen; M. S. Pratchett; G. R. Almany; G. P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2013)

Physiological and functional evaluation of healthy young and older men and women: design of the European MyoAge study - Jamie S. McPhee; Jean-Yves Hogrel; Andrea B. Maier; Enn Seppet; Olivier R. Seynnes; Sarianna Sipilä; Roberto Bottinelli; Yoann Barnouin; Astrid Y. Bijlsma; Helena Gapeyeva; Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson; Carel G. Meskers; et al. (Biogerontology, 2013)

Skeletal muscle adaptations to physical inactivity and subsequent retraining in young men - E. L. Campbell; O. R. Seynnes; R. Bottinelli; J. S. McPhee; P. J. Atherton; D. A. Jones; G. Butler-Browne; M. V. Narici (Biogerontology, 2013)

Jelly biomass sinking speed reveals a fast carbon export mechanism - Mario Lebrato; Pedro de Jesus Mendes; Deborah K. Steinberg; Joan E. Cartes; Bethan M. Jones; Laura M. Birsa; Roberto Benavides; Andreas Oschlies (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
Sinking of gelatinous zooplankton biomass is an important component of the biological pump removing carbon from the upper ocean. The export efficiency, e.g., how much biomass reaches the ocean interior sequestering carbon, is poorly known because of the absence of reliable sinking speed data. We measured sinking rates of gelatinous particulate organic matter (jelly‐POM) from different species of scyphozoans, ctenophores, thaliaceans, and pteropods, both in the field and in the laboratory in vertical columns filled with seawater using high‐quality video. Using these data, we determined taxon‐specific jelly‐POM export efficiencies using equations that integrate biomass decay rate, seawater temperature, and sinking speed. Two depth scenarios in several environments were considered, with jelly‐POM sinking from 200 and 600 m in temperate, tropical, and polar regions. Jelly‐POM sank on average between 850 and 1500 m d −1 (salps: 800–1200 m d −1 ; ctenophores: 1200–1500 m d −1 ; scyphozoans: 1000–1100 m d −1 ; pyrosomes: 1300 m d −1 ). High latitudes represent a fast‐sinking and low‐remineralization corridor, regardless of species. In tropical and temperate regions, significant decomposition takes place above 1500 m unless jelly‐POM sinks below the permanent thermocline. Sinking jelly‐POM sequesters carbon to the deep ocean faster than anticipated, and should be incorporated into biogeochemical and modeling studies to provide more realistic quantification of export via the biological carbon pump worldwide.

Evaluation of the use of high-density SNP genotyping to implement UPOV Model 2 for DUS testing in barley - Huw Jones; Carol Norris; David Smith; James Cockram; David Lee; Donal M. O’Sullivan; Ian Mackay (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Dose Selection Based on Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Approaches - Hannah M. Jones; Kapil Mayawala; Patrick Poulin (The AAPS Journal, 2013)

Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on human skeletal muscle metabolism and force production during maximum voluntary contractions - Jonathan Fulford; Paul G. Winyard; Anni Vanhatalo; Stephen J. Bailey; Jamie R. Blackwell; Andrew M. Jones (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2013)

The 2011–2016 Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Initiative: Rationale and Design - Ruth E. Patterson; Graham A. Colditz; Frank B. Hu; Kathryn H. Schmitz; Rexford S. Ahima; Ross C. Brownson; Kenneth R. Carson; Jorge E. Chavarro; Lewis A. Chodosh; Sarah Gehlert; Jeff Gill; Karen Glanz; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Phylogeography and adaptation genetics of stickleback from the H aida G waii archipelago revealed using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping - Bruce E. Deagle; Felicity C. Jones; Devin M. Absher; David M. Kingsley; Thomas E. Reimchen (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Threespine stickleback populations are model systems for studying adaptive evolution and the underlying genetics. In lakes on the H aida G waii archipelago (off western C anada), stickleback have undergone a remarkable local radiation and show phenotypic diversity matching that seen throughout the species distribution. To provide a historical context for this radiation, we surveyed genetic variation at >1000 single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) loci in stickleback from over 100 populations. SNP s included markers evenly distributed throughout genome and candidate SNP s tagging adaptive genomic regions. Based on evenly distributed SNP s, the phylogeographic pattern differs substantially from the disjunct pattern previously observed between two highly divergent mt DNA lineages. The SNP tree instead shows extensive within watershed population clustering and different watersheds separated by short branches deep in the tree. These data are consistent with separate colonizations of most watersheds, despite underlying genetic connections between some independent drainages. This supports previous suppositions that morphological diversity observed between watersheds has been shaped independently, with populations exhibiting complete loss of lateral plates and giant size each occurring in several distinct clades. Throughout the archipelago, we see repeated selection of SNP s tagging candidate freshwater adaptive variants at several genomic regions differentiated between marine–freshwater populations on a global scale (e.g. EDA , Na/K ATP ase ). In estuarine sites, both marine and freshwater allelic variants were commonly detected. We also found typically marine alleles present in a few freshwater lakes, especially those with completely plated morphology. These results provide a general model for postglacial colonization of freshwater habitat by sticklebacks and illustrate the tremendous potential of genome‐wide SNP data sets hold for resolving patterns and processes underlying recent adaptive divergences.

A new flow cytometry method enabling rapid purification of fossil pollen from terrestrial sediments for AMS radiocarbon dating - RICHARD K. TENNANT; RICHARD T. JONES; FIONA BROCK; CHARLOTTE COOK; CHRIS S. M. TURNEY; JOHN LOVE; ROB LEE (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2013)
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating has played a significant role towards improving our understanding of the timing of events and rates of change in archaeological and environmental records over the last 50 000 years. Although it is not always possible to find suitable macrofossils for 14 C dating, microfossils, notably plant pollen, are a viable alternative. Obtaining preserved pollen samples of known provenance and of sufficient quantity for dating by 14 C AMS is, however, challenging because of time‐consuming methods of extraction and purification and possible contamination from other organic material. Here we report a new, rapid and straightforward method using flow cytometry (FCM) to distinguish, sort and collect sufficient quantities of fossil pollen with minimal contamination from lake sediments for radiocarbon dating. Using this approach, we demonstrate 14 C AMS ages that date back to at least 40 ka BP. While future work may be required to refine purification methodologies for different sample types and to precisely quantify the dating limit of this approach, FCM dating of microfossils shows considerable promise in generating robust geochronological frameworks for sequences that have previously proved problematic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The first confirmed cases of full albinism in rajid species - R. E. Ball; C. S. Jones; A. Lynghammar; L. R. Noble; A. M. Griffiths (Journal of Fish Biology, 2013)
Three albino skate specimens (Rajidae) were captured from the North Sea and English Channel between 2008 and 2011. Using DNA barcoding ( COI gene) and morphometric analyses, species were identified as a spotted ray Raja montagui , a blonde ray Raja brachyura and a thornback ray Raja clavata . This finding represents the first record of full albinism (a lack of skin and retinal pigmentation) in rajid species.

The influence of North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic forcing effects on 1900–2010 Greenland summer climate and ice melt/runoff - Edward Hanna; Julie M. Jones; John Cappelen; Sebastian H. Mernild; Len Wood; Konrad Steffen; Philippe Huybrechts (International Journal of Climatology, 2013)
Correlation analysis of Greenland coastal weather station temperatures against the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices for the summer season (when Ice Sheet melt and runoff occur) reveals significant temporal variations over the last 100 years, with periods of strongest correlations in the early twentieth century and during recent decades. During the mid‐twentieth century, temperature changes at the stations are not significantly correlated with these circulation indices. Greenland coastal summer temperatures and Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) runoff since the 1970s are more strongly correlated with the Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) than with the NAO Index (NAOI), making the GBI a potentially useful predictor of ice‐sheet mass balance changes. Our results show that the changing strength of NAOI–temperature relationships found in boreal winter also extends to summer over Greenland. Greenland temperatures and GrIS runoff over the last 30–40 years are significantly correlated with AMO variations, although they are more strongly correlated with GBI changes. GrIS melt extent is less significantly correlated with atmospheric and oceanic index changes than runoff, which we attribute to the latter being a more quantitative index of Ice Sheet response to climate change. Moreover, the four recent warm summers of 2007–2010 are characterised by unprecedented high pressure (since at least 1948—the start of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis record) in the tropospheric column. Our results suggest complex and changing atmospheric forcing conditions that are not well captured using the NAO alone, and support theories of an oceanic influence on the recent increases in Greenland temperatures and GrIS runoff. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society

Fine genetic mapping of RXopJ4, a bacterial spot disease resistance locus from Solanum pennellii LA716 - Molly Sharlach; Douglas Dahlbeck; Lily Liu; Joshua Chiu; José M. Jiménez-Gómez; Seisuke Kimura; Daniel Koenig; Julin N. Maloof; Neelima Sinha; Gerald V. Minsavage; Jeffrey B. Jones; Robert E. Stall; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013)

Erratum to: Dynamic life cycle assessment: framework and application to an institutional building - William O. Collinge; Amy E. Landis; Alex K. Jones; Laura A. Schaefer; Melissa M. Bilec (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013)

Dynamic life cycle assessment: framework and application to an institutional building - William O. Collinge; Amy E. Landis; Alex K. Jones; Laura A. Schaefer; Melissa M. Bilec (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013)

Role of orexin/hypocretin in conditioned sucrose-seeking in rats - Angie M. Cason; Gary Aston-Jones (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

The effect of nicotine on sign-tracking and goal-tracking in a Pavlovian conditioned approach paradigm in rats - Matthew I. Palmatier; Kimberley R. Marks; Scott A. Jones; Kyle S. Freeman; Kevin M. Wissman; A. Brianna Sheppard (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

The behavioral economics of drug self-administration: A review and new analytical approach for within-session procedures - Brandon S. Bentzley; Kimberly M. Fender; Gary Aston-Jones (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Protected Graft Copolymer Excipient Leads to a Higher Acute Maximum Tolerated Dose and Extends Residence Time of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Significantly Better than Sterically Stabilized Micelles - Sandra Reichstetter; Gerardo M. Castillo; Israel Rubinstein; Akiko Nishimoto-Ashfield; ManShun Lai; Cynthia C. Jones; Aryamitra Banjeree; Alex Lyubimov; Duane C. Bloedow; Alexei Bogdanov; Elijah M. Bolotin (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

Amyloid-β-Induced Astrocytic Phagocytosis is Mediated by CD36, CD47 and RAGE - Raasay S. Jones; Aedín M. Minogue; Thomas J. Connor; Marina A. Lynch (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2013)

Hydrometeorological variables predict fecal indicator bacteria densities in freshwater: data-driven methods for variable selection - Rachael M. Jones; Li Liu; Samuel Dorevitch (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013)

Ensemble projections for wine production in the Douro Valley of Portugal - J. A. Santos; S. D. Grätsch; M. K. Karremann; G. V. Jones; J. G. Pinto (Climatic Change, 2013)

Long-term ecological study (palaeoecology) to chronicle habitat degradation and inform conservation ecology: an exemplar from the Brecon Beacons, South Wales - F. M. Chambers; E. W. Cloutman; J. R. G. Daniell; D. Mauquoy; P. S. Jones (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Verrucosispora fiedleri sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a fjord sediment which synthesizes proximicins - Michael Goodfellow; Roselyn Brown; Lina Ahmed; Wasu Pathom-aree; Alan T. Bull; Amanda L. Jones; James E. M. Stach; Tiago Domingues Zucchi; Lixin Zhang; Jian Wang (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2013)

Diatom-inferred late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeolimnological changes in the Ioannina basin, northwest Greece - Timothy D. Jones; Ian T. Lawson; Jane M. Reed; Graham P. Wilson; Melanie J. Leng; Merle Gierga; Stefano M. Bernasconi; Rienk H. Smittenberg; Irka Hajdas; Charlotte L. Bryant; P. C. Tzedakis (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2013)

The influence of employment social support for risk and prognosis in nonspecific back pain: a systematic review and critical synthesis - Paul Campbell; Gwenllian Wynne-Jones; Sara Muller; Kate M. Dunn (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2013)

$$ {\dot{V}}{\text{O}}_{2\max } $$ is not altered by self-pacing during incremental exercise: reply to the letter of Alexis R. Mauger - Weerapong Chidnok; Fred J. DiMenna; Stephen J. Bailey; Mark Burnley; Daryl P. Wilkerson; Anni Vanhatalo; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

$$ \dot{V}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} { \max }}} $$ is not altered by self-pacing during incremental exercise - Weerapong Chidnok; Fred J. DiMenna; Stephen J. Bailey; Mark Burnley; Daryl P. Wilkerson; Anni Vanhatalo; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

From Asian curiosity to eruptive American pest: Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) and prospects for its biological control - John R. Ruberson; Keiji Takasu; G. David Buntin; Joe E. Eger; Wayne A. Gardner; Jeremy K. Greene; Tracie M. Jenkins; Walker A. Jones; Dawn M. Olson; Phillip M. Roberts; Daniel R. Suiter; Michael D. Toews (Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2013)

Preliminary assessment of the environmental and selective effects of a captive breeding and rearing programme for endangered Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar - L. G. de Mestral; P. T. O'Reilly; R. Jones; J. Flanagan; C. M. Herbinger (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2013)
The selective and environmental effects of captivity on several fitness‐correlated traits were assessed in smolts of endangered Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from the inner Bay of Fundy, produced via artificial spawning and released into the wild as juveniles. Smolts were sampled as they migrated downstream and identified through microsatellite‐based parentage analysis as offspring of either wild‐spawning adults or adults that were spawned in captivity. Overall, captive‐origin smolts exhibited a significantly later run timing and smaller body size than wild smolts. Significant differences in run timing and body size were also found between captive‐origin smolts that had experienced rearing environments that differed in duration of captivity and thermal regime. Significant differences in run timing, fork length and weight were found between first and second generation captive‐origin smolts, although the expression of these differences depended on the rearing environment experienced, suggesting a possible genotype by environment effect. The ratio of effective‐to‐census number of breeders that produced the captive‐origin smolts was higher than that of the wild‐origin smolts due to successful captive breeding management practices. These results have direct implications for captive breeding and rearing programmes for salmonids and wider implications for understanding the rates of evolutionary and environmentally induced change that can occur in captivity.

Poised to prosper? A cross‐system comparison of climate change effects on native and non‐native species performance - Cascade J. B. Sorte; Ines Ibáñez; Dana M. Blumenthal; Nicole A. Molinari; Luke P. Miller; Edwin D. Grosholz; Jeffrey M. Diez; Carla M. D'Antonio; Julian D. Olden; Sierra J. Jones; Jeffrey S. Dukes (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Climate change and biological invasions are primary threats to global biodiversity that may interact in the future. To date, the hypothesis that climate change will favour non‐native species has been examined exclusively through local comparisons of single or few species. Here, we take a meta‐analytical approach to broadly evaluate whether non‐native species are poised to respond more positively than native species to future climatic conditions. We compiled a database of studies in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that reported performance measures of non‐native (157 species) and co‐occurring native species (204 species) under different temperature, CO 2 and precipitation conditions. Our analyses revealed that in terrestrial (primarily plant) systems, native and non‐native species responded similarly to environmental changes. By contrast, in aquatic (primarily animal) systems, increases in temperature and CO 2 largely inhibited native species. There was a general trend towards stronger responses among non‐native species, including enhanced positive responses to more favourable conditions and stronger negative responses to less favourable conditions. As climate change proceeds, aquatic systems may be particularly vulnerable to invasion. Across systems, there could be a higher risk of invasion at sites becoming more climatically hospitable, whereas sites shifting towards harsher conditions may become more resistant to invasions.

Global Ocean Tide Models: Assessment and Use within a Surface Model of Lowest Astronomical Tide - J. F. Turner; J. C. Iliffe; M. K. Ziebart; C. Jones (Marine Geodesy, 2013)

Prevalence and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species in New Zealand grapevine nurseries - R. Billones-Baaijens; H. J. Ridgway; E. E. Jones; R. H. Cruickshank; M. V. Jaspers (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

Inoculum sources of Botryosphaeriaceae species in New Zealand grapevine nurseries - R. Billones-Baaijens; H. J. Ridgway; E. E. Jones; M. V. Jaspers (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013)

The impact of increased food availability on survival of a long‐distance migratory bird - Adam M. Seward; Colin M. Beale; Lucy Gilbert; T. Hefin Jones; Robert J. Thomas (Ecology, 2013)
Temperature‐, rainfall‐ and habitat‐driven change in food availability is one likely mechanism by which anthropogenic factors may affect animal population dynamics and species distributions. Long‐distance migratory birds must synchronize their migrations with food availability at locations hundreds or thousands of kilometers apart, so changes in the overall abundance of food or the phenology of peaks in food availability may be critical factors influencing annual survival. In this study we used experimental food supplementation at a breeding site to examine and compare the impact of changing food supply on annual survival of adult migratory birds and their offspring. We provided supplemental food to Northern Wheatears ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) breeding on Fair Isle, UK, to infer the sensitivity of annual survival to increases in natural food availability. Food‐supplemented wheatears exhibited higher rates of annual survival than control wheatears, and the strength of this effect varied with age. Food supplementation led to 1.56 times higher annual survival of juveniles and 1.22 times higher survival of adults. Survival of juveniles was related to their own food availability as fledglings, but not to whether their parents were food‐supplemented or unfed control adults. This increased survival, combined with increased breeding productivity associated with food supplementation, implies that an increase in natural food availability, of the magnitude simulated in our experiment, would increase the population growth rate of wheatears on Fair Isle from approximately λ = 0.93 (a contracting population) to λ = 1.14 (an expanding population).

Evaluation of diagnostic molecular markers for DUS phenotypic assessment in the cereal crop, barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) - James Cockram; Huw Jones; Carol Norris; Donal M. O’Sullivan (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2012)

The distribution and abundance of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) breeding at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands - P. G. Ryan; B. J. Dilley; M. G. W. Jones (Polar Biology, 2012)

Triggered In Situ Drug Supersaturation and Hydrophilic Matrix Self-Assembly - F. Benaouda; M. B. Brown; G. P. Martin; S. A. Jones (Pharmaceutical Research, 2012)

Population stratification may bias analysis of PGC-1α as a modifier of age at Huntington disease motor onset - Eliana Marisa Ramos; Jeanne C. Latourelle; Ji-Hyun Lee; Tammy Gillis; Jayalakshmi S. Mysore; Ferdinando Squitieri; Alba Di Pardo; Stefano Di Donato; Michael R. Hayden; Patrick J. Morrison; Martha Nance; Christopher A. Ross; et al. (Human Genetics, 2012)

Crops that feed the world 8: Potato: are the trends of increased global production sustainable? - Paul R. J. Birch; Glenn Bryan; Brian Fenton; Eleanor M. Gilroy; Ingo Hein; John T. Jones; Ankush Prashar; Mark A. Taylor; Lesley Torrance; Ian K. Toth (Food Security, 2012)

Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on 50 mile time trial performance in well-trained cyclists - Daryl P. Wilkerson; Giles M. Hayward; Stephen J. Bailey; Anni Vanhatalo; Jamie R. Blackwell; Andrew M. Jones (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012)

Salinity thresholds of Acropora spp. on the Great Barrier Reef - R. Berkelmans; A. M. Jones; B. Schaffelke (Coral Reefs, 2012)

The representation of tropical upper tropospheric water in EC Earth V2 - M. S. Johnston; P. Eriksson; S. Eliasson; C. G. Jones; R. M. Forbes; D. P. Murtagh (Climate Dynamics, 2012)

Advanced psychometric analysis and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: reports from the 2011 Friday Harbor conference - Dan Mungas; Paul K. Crane; Laura E. Gibbons; Jennifer J. Manly; M. Maria Glymour; Richard N. Jones (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2012)

Long-term in vitro culture of ovarian cortical tissue in goats: effects of FSH and IGF-I on preantral follicular development and FSH and IGF-I receptor mRNA expression - D. M. Magalhães-Padilha; G. R. Fonseca; K. T. Haag; A. Wischral; M. O. Gastal; K. L. Jones; J. Geisler-Lee; J. R. Figueiredo; E. L. Gastal (Cell and Tissue Research, 2012)

Priming concerns about pathogen threat versus resource scarcity: dissociable effects on women’s perceptions of men’s attractiveness and dominance - Christopher D. Watkins; Lisa M DeBruine; Anthony C. Little; David R. Feinberg; Benedict C. Jones (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2012)

Detection of a novel recombinant strain of norovirus in an African-descendant community from the Amazon region of Brazil in 2008 - Tulio M. Fumian; Glicélia C. Aragão; Joana D’Arc P. Mascarenhas; Jane H. Kaiano; Jones Anderson M. Siqueira; Luana S. Soares; Alexandre C. Linhares; Yvone B. Gabbay (Archives of Virology, 2012)

Transcriptomics of coping strategies in free‐swimming Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda) larvae responding to abiotic stress - Ben J. G. Sutherland; Stuart G. Jantzen; Motoshige Yasuike; Dan S. Sanderson; Ben F. Koop; Simon R. M. Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2012)
The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a marine ectoparasite of wild and farmed salmon in the Northern Hemisphere. Infections of farmed salmon are of economic and ecological concern. Nauplius and copepodid salmon lice larvae are free‐swimming and disperse in the water column until they encounter a host. In this study, we characterized the sublethal stress responses of L. salmonis copepodid larvae by applying a 38K oligonucleotide microarray to profile transcriptomes following 24 h exposures to suboptimal salinity (30–10 parts per thousand ( ‰ )) or temperature (16–4 °C) environments. Hyposalinity exposure resulted in large‐scale gene expression changes relative to those elicited by a thermal gradient. Subsequently, transcriptome responses to a more finely resolved salinity gradient between 30 ‰ and 25 ‰ were profiled. Minimal changes occurred at 29 ‰ or 28 ‰ , a threshold of response was identified at 27 ‰ , and the largest response was at 25 ‰. Differentially expressed genes were clustered by pattern of expression, and clusters were characterized by functional enrichment analysis. Results indicate larval copepods adopt two distinct coping strategies in response to short‐term hyposaline stress: a primary response using molecular chaperones and catabolic processes at 27 ‰ ; and a secondary response up‐regulating ion pumps, transporters, a different suite of chaperones and apoptosis‐related transcripts at 26 ‰ and 25 ‰ . The results further our understanding of the tolerances of L. salmonis copepodids to salinity and temperature gradients and may assist in the development of salmon louse management strategies.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and synergy studies of cystic fibrosis sputum by direct sputum sensitivity testing - D. J. Serisier; A. Tuck; D. Matley; M. P. Carroll; G. Jones (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2012)

Toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs of thick-billed murres and arctic terns - Birgit M. Braune; Anton M. Scheuhammer; Douglas Crump; Stephanie Jones; Emily Porter; Della Bond (Ecotoxicology, 2012)

Microscopy of some interactions between Botryosphaeriaceae species and grapevine tissues - N. T. Amponsah; E. E. Jones; H. J. Ridgway; M. V. Jaspers (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2012)

Ingestion by an endemic frugivore enhances seed germination of endemic plant species but decreases seedling survival of exotics - Nicolas Zuël; Christine J. Griffiths; Andy Hector; Dennis M. Hansen; Carl G. Jones; Matthias Albrecht (Journal of Biogeography, 2012)
Aim To test whether ingestion by endemic frugivores differentially affects the seed germination time, germination percentage and seedling survival of endemic, native and exotic fleshy fruited plant species, and to identify the principal processes and attributes driving such effects. Location Round Island, Mauritius. Methods We conducted a germination and seedling survival experiment for 3 months to test whether ingestion (gut passage and deposition in faeces) by the endemic Telfair’s skink ( Leiolopisma telfairii ) had a differential effect on the germination time, germination percentage and seedling survival of two endemic, four native and two exotic fleshy fruited plant species. To assess the importance of factors involved in the ingestion process, we used a factorial design with gut passage (gut‐passed vs. not gut‐passed), depulping (whole fruit vs. manually depulped seed) and the presence of faecal material (faeces vs. without faeces). In addition, the roles of species‐specific traits, seed size and deposition density (average number of seeds per faeces) were examined. Results Exotic species had a higher germination percentage than indigenous (native and endemic) species when not ingested. Following skink ingestion, there was no longer a difference, as ingestion enhanced germination percentage most in endemic species. The exotic species still germinated faster overall than the indigenous species, despite ingestion accelerating the germination time of endemics. However, ingestion strongly reduced seedling survival of the exotic species, while having no negative effect on the survival of indigenous seedlings. Overall, ingested indigenous seeds were more likely to germinate and the seedlings more likely to survive than ingested exotic seeds and seedlings. Seed size, deposition density and the removal of fruit pulp by either manual depulping or gut passage were important predictors of germination time, germination percentage and seedling survival. Main conclusions These endemic frugivores can enhance the competitiveness of endemic compared with exotic fleshy fruited plants at the critical germination and seedling establishment stage. Consequently, conservation and restoration of mutualistic endemic plant–animal interactions may be vital to mitigating the degradation of habitats invaded by exotic plants, which is of particular relevance for island ecosystems in which large numbers of endemics are threatened by exotic invaders.

Acidity controls on dissolved organic carbon mobility in organic soils - Chris D. Evans; Tim G. Jones; Annette Burden; Nick Ostle; Piotr Zieliński; Mark D. A. Cooper; Mike Peacock; Joanna M. Clark; Filip Oulehle; David Cooper; Chris Freeman (Global Change Biology, 2012)
Dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) concentrations in surface waters have increased across much of E urope and N orth A merica, with implications for the terrestrial carbon balance, aquatic ecosystem functioning, water treatment costs and human health. Over the past decade, many hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon, from changing climate and land management to eutrophication and acid deposition. Resolution of this debate has been hindered by a reliance on correlative analyses of time series data, and a lack of robust experimental testing of proposed mechanisms. In a 4 year, four‐site replicated field experiment involving both acidifying and deacidifying treatments, we tested the hypothesis that DOC leaching was previously suppressed by high levels of soil acidity in peat and organo‐mineral soils, and therefore that observed DOC increases a consequence of decreasing soil acidity. We observed a consistent, positive relationship between DOC and acidity change at all sites. Responses were described by similar hyperbolic relationships between standardized changes in DOC and hydrogen ion concentrations at all sites, suggesting potentially general applicability. These relationships explained a substantial proportion of observed changes in peak DOC concentrations in nearby monitoring streams, and application to a UK ‐wide upland soil p H dataset suggests that recovery from acidification alone could have led to soil solution DOC increases in the range 46–126% by habitat type since 1978. Our findings raise the possibility that changing soil acidity may have wider impacts on ecosystem carbon balances. Decreasing sulphur deposition may be accelerating terrestrial carbon loss, and returning surface waters to a natural, high‐ DOC condition.