Correction to: Metabarcoding meiofauna biodiversity assessment in four beaches of Northern Colombia: effects of sampling protocols and primer choice - Lyda R. Castro; Rachel S. Meyer; Beth Shapiro; Sabrina Shirazi; Samuel Cutler; Ana M. Lagos; Sigmer Y. Quiroga (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Metabarcoding meiofauna biodiversity assessment in four beaches of Northern Colombia: effects of sampling protocols and primer choice - Lyda R. Castro; Rachel S. Meyer; Beth Shapiro; Sabrina Shirazi; Samuel Cutler; Ana M. Lagos; Sigmer Y. Quiroga (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities - Richard S. Metcalfe; Rachael Kemp; Shane M. Heffernan; Rachel Churm; Yung-Chih Chen; José S. Ruffino; Gillian E. Conway; Giusy Tornillo; Samuel T. Orange (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected herbal medicinal products in Ghana - Kwabena F. M. Opuni; Samuel Asare-Nkansah; Paul Osei-Fosu; Abraham Akonnor; Samuel O. Bekoe; Alexander N. O. Dodoo (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Light and depth dependency of nitrogen fixation by the non‐photosynthetic, symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A - Mary R. Gradoville; Ana M. Cabello; Samuel T. Wilson; Kendra A. Turk‐Kubo; David M. Karl; Jonathan P. Zehr (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary The symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A is one of the most globally abundant marine dinitrogen (N 2 )‐fixers, but cultures have not been available and its biology and ecology are poorly understood. We used cultivation‐independent approaches to investigate how UCYN‐A single‐cell N 2 fixation rates (NFRs) and nifH gene expression vary as a function of depth and photoperiod. Twelve‐hour day/night incubations showed that UCYN‐A only fixed N 2 during the day. Experiments conducted using in situ arrays showed a light‐dependence of NFRs by the UCYN‐A symbiosis, with the highest rates in surface waters (5–45 m) and lower rates at depth (≥ 75 m). Analysis of NFRs versus in situ light intensity yielded a light saturation parameter ( I k ) for UCYN‐A of 44 μmol quanta m −2 s −1 . This is low compared with other marine diazotrophs, suggesting an ecological advantage for the UCYN‐A symbiosis under low‐light conditions. In contrast to cell‐specific NFRs, nifH gene‐specific expression levels did not vary with depth, indicating that light regulates N 2 fixation by UCYN‐A through processes other than transcription, likely including host–symbiont interactions. These results offer new insights into the physiology of the UCYN‐A symbiosis in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean and provide clues to the environmental drivers of its global distributions.

A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer - Marlene Lorgen-Ritchie; Michael Clarkson; Lynn Chalmers; John F. Taylor; Herve Migaud; Samuel A. M. Martin (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One aspect requiring study is the development of microbial communities during this time, especially in RAS systems. Here we analyzed temporal changes in microbiome associated with the intestine in Atlantic salmon during smolt production in a commercial RAS production facility and followed the same cohort of fish post-seawater transfer (SWT), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness showed an increase over time across FW production, but declined sharply and significantly 1-week post-SWT before re-establishing itself with a completely different community structure after 4 weeks. Core microbial taxa could be assigned to three distinct categories; (1) omnipresent, (2) salinity specific, or (3) transient. By including diet and water samples in the analyses, we classified true core taxa associated with the host, those associated with the diet, and transient cores associated with microbial communities in tank water. The rising trend observed in microbial richness in the water may be a consequence of a temporal increase in organic load while dominance of Vibrionaceae may be attributed to the higher temperatures maintained during RAS production and above average natural water temperatures post-SWT. Functional analysis suggests modulation of metabolic pathways post-SWT, but downstream impacts on fish growth and health in a commercial setting remain to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of the interplay between microbial composition and functionality can play a role in optimizing fish performance in tightly regulated RAS production.

World Octopus Fisheries - Warwick H. H. Sauer; Ian G. Gleadall; Nicola Downey-Breedt; Zöe Doubleday; Graham Gillespie; Manuel Haimovici; Christian M. Ibáñez; Oleg N. Katugin; Stephen Leporati; Marek R. Lipinski; Unai Markaida; Jorge E. Ramos; et al. (Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2021)

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations across seasons and habitat types in Svalbard, Norway - Samuel M. Llobet; Heidi Ahonen; Christian Lydersen; Jørgen Berge; Rolf Ims; Kit M. Kovacs (Polar Biology, 2021)
Male bearded seals ( Erignathus barbatus ) use vocal displays to attract females and to compete with other males during the mating season. This makes it possible to monitor breeding populations of this species using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). This study analysed year-round acoustic data records from AURAL instruments in Svalbard (Norway) to investigate seasonal variation in the acoustic presence of male bearded seals and the phenology of different call types (long, step and sweep trills) at three sites representing a variety of habitats with varied ice conditions. Male bearded seals vocalized for an extended period at a drift-ice site (Atwain; January–July) north of Spitsbergen, while the vocal season was shorter at a High Arctic land-fast-ice site (Rijpfjorden; February–June) and shorter yet again at a west-coast site that has undergone dramatic reductions in sea ice cover over the last 1.5 decades (Kongsfjorden; April–June). Generalized Additive Models showed marked seasonal segregation in the use of different trill types at Atwain, where call rates reached 400 per h, with long trills being the most numerous call type. Modest segregation of trill types was seen at Rijpfjorden, where call rates reached 300 per h, and no segregation occurred in Kongsfjorden (peak call rate 80 per h). Sea ice cover was available throughout the vocal season at Atwain and Rijpfjorden, while at Kongsfjorden peak vocal activity (May–June) occurred after the sea ice disappeared. Ongoing climate warming and sea ice reductions will likely increase the incidence of such mismatches and reduce breeding habitat for bearded seals.

Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) - Megha Kanabar; Samuel Bauer; Zimuzo M. Ezedum; Ian P. Dwyer; William S. Moore; Gabriella Rodriguez; Aditya Mall; Anne T. Littleton; Michael Yudell; Jenil Kanabar; Wade J. Tucker; Emily R. Daniels; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Metabo-tip: a metabolomics platform for lifestyle monitoring supporting the development of novel strategies in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine - Julia Brunmair; Andrea Bileck; Thomas Stimpfl; Florian Raible; Giorgia Del Favero; Samuel M. Meier-Menches; Christopher Gerner (EPMA Journal, 2021)
Background/aims Exposure to bioactive compounds from nutrition, pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants or other lifestyle habits may affect the human organism. To gain insight into the effects of these influences, as well as the fundamental biochemical mechanisms behind them, individual molecular profiling seems to be a promising tool and may support the further development of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine. Methods We developed an assay, called metabo-tip for the analysis of sweat, collected from fingertips, using mass spectrometry—by far the most comprehensive and sensitive method for such analyses. To evaluate this assay, we exposed volunteers to various xenobiotics using standardised protocols and investigated their metabolic response. Results As early as 15 min after the consumption of a cup of coffee, 50 g of dark chocolate or a serving of citrus fruits, significant changes in the sweat composition of the fingertips were observed, providing relevant information in regard to the ingested substances. This included not only health-promoting bioactive compounds but also potential hazardous substances. Furthermore, the identification of metabolites from orally ingested medications such as metamizole indicated the applicability of this assay to observe specific enzymatic processes in a personalised fashion. Remarkably, we found that the sweat composition fluctuated in a diurnal rhythm, supporting the hypothesis that the composition of sweat can be influenced by endogenous metabolic activities. This was further corroborated by the finding that histamine was significantly increased in the metabo-tip assay in individuals with allergic reactions. Conclusion Metabo-tip analysis may have a large number of practical applications due to its analytical power, non-invasive character and the potential of frequent sampling, especially regarding the individualised monitoring of specific lifestyle and influencing factors. The extraordinarily rich individualised metabolomics data provided by metabo-tip offer direct access to individual metabolic activities and will thus support predictive preventive personalised medicine.

Fruit and seed traits of native and invasive plant species in Hawai‘i: implications for seed dispersal by non-native birds - Jinelle H. Sperry; Dylan O’Hearn; Donald R. Drake; Amy M. Hruska; Samuel B. Case; Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni; Clint Arnett; Tim Chambers; Corey E. Tarwater (Biological Invasions, 2021)

Assessing awareness on biodiversity conservation among Nigerians: the Aichi Biodiversity Target 1 - Emmanuel O. Akindele; Michael C. Ekwemuka; Paul Apeverga; Tajudeen O. Amusa; Samuel Olajuyigbe; Oluwakayode M. Coker; Fatsuma Olaleru; Michelle Fasona; Elizabeth N. Usen; Abubakar S. Ringim; Opeyemi A. Adedoja; Chinedu C. Nsude; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2021)

Identifying shark species responsible for fisheries depredation off Southeast Queensland, Australia - Jaeden L. Vardon; Samuel M. Williams; Daniel J. Bucher; Jess A. T. Morgan (Molecular Biology Reports, 2021)

Photoactivation and photoregeneration of TiO2/PAC mixture applied in suspension in water treatments: approach to a real application - Samuel Moles; Javier Berges; María P. Ormad; M. Jesús Nieto-Monge; Jairo Gómez; Rosa Mosteo (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Trend analysis of global usage of digital soil mapping models in the prediction of potentially toxic elements in soil/sediments: a bibliometric review - Prince Chapman Agyeman; Samuel Kudjo Ahado; Luboš Borůvka; James Kobina Mensah Biney; Vincent Yaw Oppong Sarkodie; Ndiye M. Kebonye; John Kingsley (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2021)

Regional Wetland Plant Responses to Sulfur and Other Porewater Chemistry in Calcareous Rich Fens - Samuel M. Simkin; Barbara L. Bedford; Kathleen C. Weathers (Wetlands, 2021)

Associations of muscle lipid content with physical function and resistance training outcomes in older adults: altered responses with metformin - Douglas E. Long; Bailey D. Peck; Steven C. Tuggle; Alejandro G. Villasante Tezanos; Samuel T. Windham; Marcas M. Bamman; Philip A. Kern; Charlotte A. Peterson; Rosicka G. Walton (GeroScience, 2021)

Comparison of Cubist models for soil organic carbon prediction via portable XRF measured data - Kingsley John; Ndiye M. Kebonye; Prince C. Agyeman; Samuel K. Ahado (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Prey partitioning between sympatric wild carnivores revealed by DNA metabarcoding: a case study on wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (Canis latrans) in northeastern Washington - Yue Shi; Yves Hoareau; Ellen M. Reese; Samuel K. Wasser (Conservation Genetics, 2021)

Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science - Jacques Roy; François Rineau; Hans J. De Boeck; Ivan Nijs; Thomas Pütz; Samuel Abiven; John A. Arnone; Craig V. M. Barton; Natalie Beenaerts; Nicolas Brüggemann; Matteo Dainese; Timo Domisch; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.

Tundra wildfire triggers sustained lateral nutrient loss in Alaskan Arctic - Benjamin W. Abbott; Adrian V. Rocha; Arial Shogren; Jay P. Zarnetske; Frances Iannucci; William B. Bowden; Samuel P. Bratsman; Leika Patch; Rachel Watts; Randy Fulweber; Rebecca J. Frei; Amanda M. Huebner; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Climate change is creating widespread ecosystem disturbance across the permafrost zone, including a rapid increase in the extent and severity of tundra wildfire. The expansion of this previously rare disturbance has unknown consequences for lateral nutrient flux from terrestrial to aquatic environments. Lateral loss of nutrients could reduce carbon uptake and slow recovery of already nutrient‐limited tundra ecosystems. To investigate the effects of tundra wildfire on lateral nutrient export, we analyzed water chemistry in and around the 10‐year‐old Anaktuvuk River fire scar in northern Alaska. We collected water samples from 21 burned and 21 unburned watersheds during snowmelt, at peak growing season, and after plant senescence in 2017 and 2018. After a decade of ecosystem recovery, aboveground biomass had recovered in burned watersheds, but overall carbon and nitrogen remained ~20% lower, and the active layer remained ~10% deeper. Despite lower organic matter stocks, dissolved organic nutrients were substantially elevated in burned watersheds, with higher flow‐weighted concentrations of organic carbon (25% higher), organic nitrogen (59% higher), organic phosphorus (65% higher), and organic sulfur (47% higher). Geochemical proxies indicated greater interaction with mineral soils in watersheds with surface subsidence, but optical analysis and isotopes suggested that recent plant growth, not mineral soil, was the main source of organic nutrients in burned watersheds. Burned and unburned watersheds had similar δ 15 N‐NO 3 − , indicating that exported nitrogen was of preburn origin (i.e., not recently fixed). Lateral nitrogen flux from burned watersheds was 2‐ to 10‐fold higher than rates of background nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition estimated in this area. These findings indicate that wildfire in Arctic tundra can destabilize nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur previously stored in permafrost via plant uptake and leaching. This plant‐mediated nutrient loss could exacerbate terrestrial nutrient limitation after disturbance or serve as an important nutrient release mechanism during succession.

Sensor Anchoring Improves the Correlation Between Intramuscular Pressure and Muscle Tension in a Rabbit Model - Shawn M. O’Connor; Kenton R. Kaufman; Samuel R. Ward; Richard L. Lieber (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Frenemy at the gate: Invasion by Pheidole megacephala facilitates a competitively subordinate plant ant in Kenya - Todd M. Palmer; Corinna Riginos; Patrick D. Milligan; Brandon R. Hays; Alejandro G. Pietrek; Nelly J. Maiyo; Samuel Mutisya; Benard Gituku; Simon Musila; Scott Carpenter; Jacob R. Goheen (Ecology, 2021)
Biological invasions can lead to the reassembly of communities and understanding and predicting the impacts of exotic species on community structure and functioning are a key challenge in ecology. We investigated the impact of a predatory species of invasive ant, Pheidole megacephala , on the structure and function of a foundational mutualism between Acacia drepanolobium and its associated acacia‐ant community in an East African savanna. Invasion by P. megacephala was associated with the extirpation of three extrafloral nectar‐dependent Crematogaster acacia ant species and strong increases in the abundance of a competitively subordinate and locally rare acacia ant species, Tetraponera penzigi , which does not depend on host plant nectar. Using a combination of long‐term monitoring of invasion dynamics, observations and experiments, we demonstrate that P. megacephala directly and indirectly facilitates T. penzigi by reducing the abundance of T. penzigi ’s competitors ( Crematogaster spp.), imposing recruitment limitation on these competitors, and generating a landscape of low‐reward host plants that favor colonization and establishment by the strongly dispersing T. penzigi . Seasonal variation in use of host plants by P. megacephala may further increase the persistence of T. penzigi colonies in invaded habitat. The persistence of the T. penzigi–A. drepanolobium symbiosis in invaded areas afforded host plants some protection against herbivory by elephants ( Loxodonta africana ), a key browser that reduces tree cover. However, elephant damage on T. penzigi ‐occupied trees was higher in invaded than in uninvaded areas, likely owing to reduced T. penzigi colony size in invaded habitats. Our results reveal the mechanisms underlying the disruption of this mutualism and suggest that P. megacephala invasion may drive long‐term declines in tree cover, despite the partial persistence of the ant–acacia symbiosis in invaded areas.

Effectiveness of diet and physical activity interventions amongst adults attending colorectal and breast cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Samuel T. Orange; Kirsty M. Hicks; John M. Saxton (Cancer Causes & Control, 2021)
Purpose To estimate the effectiveness of tailored physical activity and dietary interventions amongst adults attending colorectal and breast cancer screening. Methods Five literature databases were systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of tailored physical activity and/or dietary interventions with follow-up support initiated through colorectal and breast cancer screening programmes. Outcomes included markers of body fatness, physical activity, and dietary intake. Mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effects models. Results Five RCTs met the inclusion criteria encompassing a total of 722 participants. Diet and physical activity interventions led to statistically significant reductions in body mass (MD − 1.6 kg, 95% CI − 2.7 to − 0.39 kg; I 2 = 81%; low quality evidence), body mass index (MD − 0.78 kg/m 2 , 95% CI − 1.1 to − 0.50 kg/m 2 ; I 2 = 21%; moderate quality evidence), and waist circumference (MD − 2.9 cm, 95% CI − 3.8 to − 1.91; I 2 = 0%; moderate quality evidence), accompanied by an increase in physical activity (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.50; I 2 = 0%; low quality evidence) and fruit and vegetable intake (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.64; I 2 = 51%; low quality evidence). Conclusion There is low quality evidence that lifestyle interventions involving follow-up support lead to modest weight loss and increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. Due to the modest intervention effects, low quality of evidence and small number of studies, further rigorously designed RCTs with long-term follow-up of modifiable risk factors and embedded cost–benefit analyses are warranted (PROSPERO ref: CRD42020179960).

Ecosystem Functioning of Great Salt Lake Wetlands - Maya C. Pendleton; Samuel Sedgwick; Karin M. Kettenring; Trisha B. Atwood (Wetlands, 2020)

Leaf hydraulic properties are decoupled from leaf area across coffee species - Rafael Mauri; Amanda A. Cardoso; Mariela M. da Silva; Leonardo A. Oliveira; Rodrigo T. Avila; Samuel C. V. Martins; Fábio M. DaMatta (Trees, 2020)

Impact of Mother Plant Saline Stress on the Agronomical Quality of Pepper Seeds - Carolina Pezo; Samuel Valdebenito; M. Fernanda Flores; Eduardo Oyanedel; Kooichi Vidal; Alexander Neaman; Patricia Peñaloza (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020)

Integrated metabolomics reveals altered lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in a model of extreme longevity - Justin Darcy; Yimin Fang; Samuel McFadden; Matthew D. Lynes; Luiz O. Leiria; Jonathan M. Dreyfuss; Valerie Bussburg; Vladimir Tolstikov; Bennett Greenwood; Niven R. Narain; Michael A. Kiebish; Andrzej Bartke; et al. (GeroScience, 2020)

Canine papillomavirus type 16 associated to squamous cell carcinoma in a dog: virological and pathological findings - Christian D. B. T. Alves; Matheus N. Weber; Lorena L. B. Guimarães; Samuel P. Cibulski; Flávio R. C. da Silva; Cíntia Daudt; Renata F. Budaszewski; Mariana S. Silva; Fabiana Q. Mayer; Ronaldo M. Bianchi; Claiton Ismael Schwertz; Carine R. Stefanello; et al. (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020)

Predicting biodiversity richness in rapidly changing landscapes: climate, low human pressure or protection as salvation? - David W. Macdonald; Luca Chiaverini; Helen M. Bothwell; Żaneta Kaszta; Eric Ash; Gilmoore Bolongon; Özgün Emre Can; Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz; Phan Channa; Gopalasamy Reuben Clements; Andrew J. Hearn; Laurie Hedges; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020)
Rates of biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia are among the highest in the world, and the Indo-Burma and South-Central China Biodiversity Hotspots rank among the world’s most threatened. Developing robust multi-species conservation models is critical for stemming biodiversity loss both here and globally. We used a large and geographically extensive remote-camera survey and multi-scale, multivariate optimization species distribution modelling to investigate the factors driving biodiversity across these two adjoining biodiversity hotspots. Four major findings emerged from the work. (i) We identified clear spatial patterns of species richness, with two main biodiverse centres in the Thai-Malay Peninsula and in the mountainous region of Southwest China. (ii) Carnivores in particular, and large ungulates to a lesser degree, were the strongest indicators of species richness. (iii) Climate had the largest effect on biodiversity, followed by protected status and human footprint. (iv) Gap analysis between the biodiversity model and the current system of protected areas revealed that the majority of areas supporting the highest predicted biodiversity are not protected. Our results highlighted several key locations that should be prioritized for expanding the protected area network to maximize conservation effectiveness. We demonstrated the importance of switching from single-species to multi-species approaches to highlight areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation. In addition, since these areas mostly occur over multiple countries, we also advocate for a paradigmatic focus on transboundary conservation planning.

Identification of Tetraploid Potato Clones with Good Processing Quality among Genotypes with Reduced Zebra Chip Disease Symptomatology - Samuel J. Vigue; Douglas C. Scheuring; Jeffrey W. Koym; Charles M. Rush; Fekede Workneh; Cecilia Tamborindeguy; J. Creighton Miller; David S. Douches; Richard G. Novy; M. Isabel Vales (American Journal of Potato Research, 2020)

Transcriptome analysis of Eucalyptus grandis genotypes reveals constitutive overexpression of genes related to rust (Austropuccinia psidii) resistance - Samuel A. Santos; Pedro M. P. Vidigal; Lúcio M. S. Guimarães; Reginaldo G. Mafia; Matthew D. Templeton; Acelino C. Alfenas (Plant Molecular Biology, 2020)

Loss of the nutrient receptor Tas1R3 reduces atherosclerotic plaque accumulation and hepatic steatosis in ApoE−/− mice - Shayla S. Shojaat; Samuel Engman; Jason Hofferber; Faithe Keomanivong; Eric M. Wauson (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020)

Genomic analysis of Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1 reveals aerobic alkaliphilic metabolism and evolutionary hallmarks linking alkaliphilic bacteria and plant life - Samuel I. de Jong; Marcel A. van den Broek; Alexander Y. Merkel; Pilar de la Torre Cortes; Falk Kalamorz; Gregory M. Cook; Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht; Duncan G. G. McMillan (Extremophiles, 2020)
The aerobic thermoalkaliphile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum strain TA2.A1 is a member of a separate order of alkaliphilic bacteria closely related to the Bacillales order. Efforts to relate the genomic information of this evolutionary ancient organism to environmental adaptation have been thwarted by the inability to construct a complete genome. The existing draft genome is highly fragmented due to repetitive regions, and gaps between and over repetitive regions were unbridgeable. To address this, Oxford Nanopore Technology’s MinION allowed us to span these repeats through long reads, with over 6000-fold coverage. This resulted in a single 3.34 Mb circular chromosome. The profile of transporters and central metabolism gives insight into why the organism prefers glutamate over sucrose as carbon source. We propose that the deamination of glutamate allows alkalization of the immediate environment, an excellent example of how an extremophile modulates environmental conditions to suit its own requirements. Curiously, plant-like hallmark electron transfer enzymes and transporters are found throughout the genome, such as a cytochrome b 6 c 1 complex and a CO 2 -concentrating transporter. In addition, multiple self-splicing group II intron-encoded proteins closely aligning to those of a telomerase reverse transcriptase in Arabidopsis thaliana were revealed. Collectively, these features suggest an evolutionary relationship to plant life.

Life and death of Crocosphaera sp. in the Pacific Ocean: Fine scale predator–prey dynamics - Mathilde Dugenne; Fernanda Henderikx Freitas; Samuel T. Wilson; David M. Karl; Angelicque E. White (Limnology and Oceanography, 2020)
In the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, the daily pulse of photosynthetic carbon (C) fixation is closely balanced by losses. This concert of growth and loss is driven by a diverse assemblage of plankton, including the diazotroph Crocosphaera sp. While primary production is relatively well characterized in this ecosystem, the extent of C transfer to secondary producers is poorly constrained. Here, we use automated imaging flow cytometry and population modeling to study the coupling of C production by Crocosphaera and subsequent grazing by nanoplanktonic protists. Crocosphaera cells represent on average 30% of the nanoplankton detected by the Imaging FlowCytoBot in the surface layer of mesoscale eddies during summertime. The size spectra show a maximum in the frequency of Crocosphaera doublet cells just prior to mitotic division at midday, with an average estimated growth rate of 0.8 ± 0.5 d −1 . We also identified potential predators by fitting a Lotka–Volterra model to plankton time series observations. Significant predators include the dinoflagellates Protoperidinium and Dinophysis as well as the ciliate Strombidium , which were all imaged with Crocosphaera in food vacuoles. The estimated C demand of the main grazers fluctuated between 25% and 250% of Crocosphaera new production in an anticyclonic eddy where we observed the onset of a Crocosphaera ‐driven bloom. Heterotrophic Protoperidinium drove most of the estimated C demand, with grazing rates nearly equivalent to Crocosphaera growth rates (0.6 ± 0.4 d −1 on average), but saturating at high prey concentrations. Our novel results demonstrate tight coupling between specific protistan predators and a diazotrophic prey.

Warm temperatures increase population growth of a nonnative defoliator and inhibit demographic responses by parasitoids - Samuel F. Ward; Brian H. Aukema; Songlin Fei; Andrew M. Liebhold (Ecology, 2020)
Changes in thermal regimes that disparately affect hosts and parasitoids could release hosts from biological control. When multiple natural enemy species share a host, shifts in host–parasitoid dynamics could depend on whether natural enemies interact antagonistically vs. synergistically. We investigated how biotic and abiotic factors influence the population ecology of larch casebearer ( Coleophora laricella ), a nonnative pest, and two imported parasitoids, Agathis pumila and Chrysocharis laricinellae , by analyzing (1) temporal dynamics in defoliation from 1962 to 2018, and (2) historical, branch‐level data on densities of larch casebearer and parasitism rates by the two imported natural enemies from 1972 to 1995. Analyses of defoliation indicated that, prior to the widespread establishment of parasitoids (1962 to ~1980), larch casebearer outbreaks occurred in 2–6 yr cycles. This pattern was followed by a >15‐yr period during which populations were at low, apparently stable densities undetectable via aerial surveys, presumably under control from parasitoids. However, since the late 1990s and despite the persistence of both parasitoids, outbreaks exhibiting unstable dynamics have occurred. Analyses of branch‐level data indicated that growth of casebearer populations, A. pumila populations, and within‐casebearer densities of C. laricinellae —a generalist whose population dynamics are likely also influenced by use of alternative hosts—were inhibited by density dependence, with high intraspecific densities in one year slowing growth into the next. Casebearer population growth was also inhibited by parasitism from A. pumila , but not C. laricinellae , and increased with warmer autumnal temperatures. Growth of A. pumila populations and within‐casebearer densities of C. laricinellae increased with casebearer densities but decreased with warmer annual maximum temperatures. Moreover, parasitism by A. pumila was associated with increased growth of within‐casebearer densities of C. laricinellae without adverse effects on its own demographics, indicating a synergistic interaction between these parasitoids. Our results indicate that warming can be associated with opposing effects between trophic levels, with deleterious effects of warming on one natural enemy species potentially being exacerbated by similar impacts on another. Coupling of such parasitoid responses with positive responses of hosts to warming might have contributed to the return of casebearer outbreaks to North America.

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics - Mariana Nagy‐Reis; Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima; Claudia Zukeran Kanda; Francesca Belem Lopes Palmeira; Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo; Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato; Lilian Bonjorne; Marcelo Magioli; Caroline Leuchtenberger; Fabio Rohe; Frederico Gemesio Lemos; Felipe Martello; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics - Clarissa Alves da Rosa; Bruno R. Ribeiro; Vanesa Bejarano; Fernando Henrique Puertas; Adriana Bocchiglieri; Adriana Loeser dos Santos Barbosa; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Adriele Aparecida Pereira; Adryelle Francisca de Souza Moreira; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Aiesca Pellegrin; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus , Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. ( n = 37,782), Sus scrofa ( n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris ( n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., S yncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans ). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set ( n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata , and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.

Effect of Methylene Blue on a Porcine Model of Amlodipine Toxicity - Jenna M. LeRoy; Sean P. Boley; Justin N. Corcoran; Kristin M. Engebretsen; Samuel J. Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2020)

Surface temperatures of non-incubated eggs in great tits (Parus major) are strongly associated with ambient temperature - Marcel M. Lambrechts; Aude E. Caizergues; Charles Perrier; Anne Charmantier; Samuel P. Caro (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2020)

Historical patterns in mercury exposure for North American songbirds - Marie Perkins; Oksana P. Lane; David C. Evers; Amy Sauer; Evan M. Adams; Nelson J. O’Driscoll; Samuel T. Edmunds; Allyson K. Jackson; Julie C. Hagelin; Jeremiah Trimble; Elsie M. Sunderland (Ecotoxicology, 2020)

Phosphonate cycling supports methane and ethylene supersaturation in the phosphate‐depleted western North Atlantic Ocean - Oscar A. Sosa; Timothy J. Burrell; Samuel T. Wilson; Rhea K. Foreman; David M. Karl; Daniel J. Repeta (Limnology and Oceanography, 2020)
In oligotrophic ocean regions, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) plays a prominent role as a source of phosphorus (P) to microorganisms. An important bioavailable component of DOP is phosphonates, organophosphorus compounds with a carbon‐phosphorus (C‐P) bond, which are ubiquitous in high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM). In addition to being a source of P, the degradation of phosphonates by the bacterial C‐P lyase enzymatic pathway causes the release of trace hydrocarbon gases relevant to climate and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we investigated the roles of phosphate and phosphonate cycling in the production of methane (CH 4 ) and ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) in the western North Atlantic Ocean, a region that features a transition in phosphate concentrations from coastal to open ocean waters. We observed an inverse relationship between phosphate and the saturation state of CH 4 and C 2 H 4 in the water column, and between phosphate and the relative abundance of the C‐P lyase marker gene phnJ . In phosphate‐depleted waters, methylphosphonate and 2‐hydroxyethylphosphonate, the C‐P lyase substrates that yield CH 4 and C 2 H 4 , respectively, were readily degraded in proportions consistent with their abundance and bioavailability in HMWDOM and with the concentrations of CH 4 and C 2 H 4 in the water column. We conclude that phosphonate degradation through the C‐P lyase pathway is an important source and a common production pathway of CH 4 and C 2 H 4 in the phosphate‐depleted surface waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean and that phosphate concentration can be an important control on the saturation state of these gases in the upper ocean.

Comparative demography of commercially important species of coral grouper, Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis , from Australia's great barrier reef and Coral Sea marine parks - Samuel D. Payet; Jake R. Lowe; Bruce D. Mapstone; Morgan S. Pratchett; Tane H. Sinclair‐Taylor; Brett M. Taylor; Peter A. Waldie; Hugo B. Harrison (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
Understanding the spatial and environmental variation in demographic processes of fisheries target species, such as coral grouper (Genus: Plectropomus ), is important for establishing effective management and conservation strategies. Herein we compare the demography of Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis between Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), which has been subject to sustained and extensive fishing pressure, and the oceanic atolls of Australia's Coral Sea Marine Park (CSMP), where there is very limited fishing for reef fishes. Coral grouper length‐at‐age data from contemporary and historical otolith collections across 9.4 degrees of latitude showed little difference in lifetime growth between GBRMP and CSMP regions. Plectropomus laevis populations in GBRMP reefs had significantly higher rates of total mortality than populations in the CSMP. Mean maximum lengths and mean maximum ages of P. laevis were also smaller in the GBRMP than in the CSMP, even when considering populations sampled within GBRMP no‐take marine reserves (NTMRs). Plectropomus leopardus , individuals were on average smaller on fished reefs than NTMRs in the GBRMP, but all other aspects of demography were broadly similar between regions despite the negligible levels of fishing pressure in the CSMP. Similarities between regions in growth profiles and length‐at‐age comparisons of P. laevis and P. leopardus suggest that the environmental differences between the CSMP and the GBRMP may not have significant impacts on lifetime growth. Our results show that fishing may have influenced the demography of coral grouper on the GBR, particularly for the slower growing and longer lived species, P. laevis .

Caveolin-1 regulates medium spiny neuron structural and functional plasticity - Katherine R. Tonn Eisinger; Andrew D. Chapp; Samuel P. Swanson; Daniel Tam; Natalie M. Lopresti; Erin B. Larson; Mark J. Thomas; Lorene M. Lanier; Paul G. Mermelstein (Psychopharmacology, 2020)

Detection of rubber tree orchards infested by Meloidogyne exigua using vegetation indexes obtained from satellite images - Ernane M. Lemes; Túlio V. Machado; Luciana N. Gontijo; Samuel L. de Andrade; José L. R. Torres; Maria A. Santos; Lísias Coelho (New Forests, 2020)

Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Therapy - Matthew J. Haney; Yuling Zhao; Yeon S. Jin; Samuel M. Li; Juli R. Bago; Natalia L. Klyachko; Alexander V. Kabanov; Elena V. Batrakova (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2020)

Climate change attribution and the economic costs of extreme weather events: a study on damages from extreme rainfall and drought - David J. Frame; Suzanne M. Rosier; Ilan Noy; Luke J. Harrington; Trevor Carey-Smith; Sarah N. Sparrow; Dáithí A. Stone; Samuel M. Dean (Climatic Change, 2020)
An important and under-quantified facet of the risks associated with human-induced climate change emerges through extreme weather. In this paper, we present an initial attempt to quantify recent costs related to extreme weather due to human interference in the climate system, focusing on economic costs arising from droughts and floods in New Zealand during the decade 2007–2017. We calculate these using previously collected information about the damages and losses associated with past floods and droughts, and estimates of the “fraction of attributable risk” that characterizes each event. The estimates we obtain are not comprehensive, and almost certainly represent an underestimate of the full economic costs of climate change, notably chronic costs associated with long-term trends. However, the paper shows the potential for developing a new stream of information that is relevant to a range of stakeholders and research communities, especially those with an interest in the aggregation of the costs of climate change or the identification of specific costs associated with potential liability.

Optimization of aqueous two-phase micellar system for partial purification of L-asparaginase from Penicillium sp. grown in wheat bran as agro-industrial residue - Samuel L. Cardoso; Marcela M. de Freitas; Paula M. de Souza; Mauricio Homem-de-Mello; Dâmaris Silveira; Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo; Edivaldo X. Filho; Adalberto P. Junior; Pérola O. Magalhães (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020)

Development of a mitochondrial DNA marker that distinguishes domestic dogs from Washington state gray wolves - Ellen M. Reese; Misa Winters; Rebecca K. Booth; Samuel K. Wasser (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2020)

Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Palaeozoic radiation and support a freshwater origin for clitellate annelids - Christer Erséus; Bronwyn W. Williams; Kevin M. Horn; Kenneth M. Halanych; Scott R. Santos; Samuel W. James; Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers; Frank E. Anderson (Zoologica Scripta, 2020)
Clitellata is a major clade of Annelida comprising nearly all freshwater and terrestrial annelids as well as several marine species. We investigated clitellate phylogenetic relationships using transcriptomes sampled from 74 taxa (64 clitellates and 10 polychaetes), including multiple representatives of nearly all major clitellate higher taxa (Branchiobdellida, Capilloventridae, Crassiclitellata, Enchytraeidae, Haplotaxidae, Hirudinida, Lumbriculida, Moniligastridae, Naididae, Parvidrilidae, Phreodrilidae, Propappidae and Randiellidae). We used a number of filtered data matrices and phylogenetic analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data and compositional and branch‐length heterogeneity and used the resulting phylogenies for divergence time estimation and ancestral habitat reconstructions. All analyses and filtering methods produced a consistent, strongly supported topology in which (a) Enchytraeidae, Hirudinida, Hirudinea (here, Branchiobdellida plus Hirudinida), Lumbriculida, Lumbriculata (Lumbriculida plus Hirudinea), Phreodrilidae and Naididae are monophyletic, (b) a Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae clade is sister to the rest of Clitellata, (c) Phreodrilidae is sister to Naididae, (d) Haplotaxidae is non‐monophyletic, with some haplotaxids grouping with Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae, (e) the Phreodrilidae + Naididae clade is sister to all other clitellates except Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae and Capilloventridae, and (f) Lumbriculata is sister to the Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae + Haplotaxidae (in part) clade. Ancestral habitat reconstructions and divergence time analysis suggested that the most recent common ancestor of Clitellata lived in freshwater during the Devonian (419–359 million years ago) and that all major extant clitellate lineages arose over the next ~150 million years, with multiple lineages subsequently returning to marine habitats or invading land. This study provides a phylogenetic framework for further investigation of the geological, environmental and biotic forces and genomic changes that may have impacted clitellate evolution and enabled several major habitat transitions within this group.

The global abundance of tree palms - Robert Muscarella; Thaise Emilio; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Ferry Slik; William J. Baker; Thomas L. P. Couvreur; Wolf L. Eiserhardt; Jens‐Christian Svenning; Kofi Affum‐Baffoe; Shin‐Ichiro Aiba; Everton C. de Almeida; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Perceptions of weather variability and climate change on goat producers’ choice of coping and adaptation strategies: evidence from climate-smart and non-climate-smart villages in the Jirapa and Lawra districts - Bright K. D. Tetteh; Isaac G. K. Ansah; Samuel A. Donkoh; Mark Appiah-Twumasi; Franklin K. Avornyo; Mohammed T. Shaibu; Samuel Partey; Robert B. Zougmore; Kevin Tengan; Anslem Nyuor; Eric Afosah; Naana M. Akufo (Climate and Development, 2020)

Correction to: Morphology of Drained Upland Depressions on the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa - Samuel M. McDeid; David I. S. Green; William G. Crumpton (Wetlands, 2020)

Left atrial mechanics and aortic stiffness following high intensity interval training: a randomised controlled study - Navazh Jalaludeen; Samuel J. Bull; Katrina A. Taylor; Jonathan D. Wiles; Damian A. Coleman; Lucinda Howland; Omar Mukhtar; Joseph Cheriyan; Ian B. Wilkinson; Rajan Sharma; Jamie M. O’Driscoll (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020)

A novel swine sex-linked marker and its application across different mammalian species - C. G. Lucas; A. M. Spate; M. S. Samuel; L. D. Spate; W. C. Warren; R. S. Prather; K. D. Wells (Transgenic Research, 2020)

Simultaneous fluorescence imaging of distinct nerve and blood vessel patterns in dual Thy1-YFP and Flt1-DsRed transgenic mice - Samuel M. Santosa; Kai Guo; Michael Yamakawa; Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia; Neeraj Chawla; Tara Nguyen; Kyu-Yeon Han; Masatsugu Ema; Mark I. Rosenblatt; Jin-Hong Chang; Dimitri T. Azar (Angiogenesis, 2020)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms at heat shock protein 90 gene and their association with thermo-tolerance potential in selected indigenous Nigerian cattle - Gbolabo O. Onasanya; George M. Msalya; Aranganoor K. Thiruvenkadan; Chirukandoth Sreekumar; Gopalan K. Tirumurugaan; Timothy M. Sanni; John S. Decampos; Samuel A. Amusan; Olajide Olowofeso; Adeboye O. Fafiolu; Moses Okpeku; Abdulmojeed Yakubu; et al. (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020)

Correction to: Rewiring of glucose metabolism defines trained immunity induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein - Samuel T. Keating; Laszlo Groh; Kathrin Thiem; Siroon Bekkering; Yang Li; Vasiliki Matzaraki; Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden; Jelmer H. van Puffelen; Ekta Lachmandas; Trees Jansen; Marije Oosting; L. Charlotte J. de Bree; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2020)

Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress - João A. Siqueira; Jessica A. S. Barros; Maximiller Dal-Bianco; Samuel C. V. Martins; Paulo C. Magalhães; Dimas M. Ribeiro; Fábio M. DaMatta; Wagner L. Araújo; Cleberson Ribeiro (Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2020)

Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community - Daniela Jacob; Claas Teichmann; Stefan Sobolowski; Eleni Katragkou; Ivonne Anders; Michal Belda; Rasmus Benestad; Fredrik Boberg; Erasmo Buonomo; Rita M. Cardoso; Ana Casanueva; Ole B. Christensen; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2020)
The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe.

Rewiring of glucose metabolism defines trained immunity induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein - Samuel T. Keating; Laszlo Groh; Kathrin Thiem; Siroon Bekkering; Yang Li; Vasiliki Matzaraki; Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden; Jelmer H. van Puffelen; Ekta Lachmandas; Trees Jansen; Marije Oosting; L. Charlotte J. de Bree; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2020)
Stimulation of monocytes with microbial and non-microbial products, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), induces a protracted pro-inflammatory, atherogenic phenotype sustained by metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming via a process called trained immunity . We investigated the intracellular metabolic mechanisms driving oxLDL-induced trained immunity in human primary monocytes and observed concomitant upregulation of glycolytic activity and oxygen consumption. In two separate cohorts of healthy volunteers, we assessed the impact of genetic variation in glycolytic genes on the training capacity of monocytes and found that variants mapped to glycolytic enzymes PFKFB3 and PFKP influenced trained immunity by oxLDL. Subsequent functional validation with inhibitors of glycolytic metabolism revealed dose-dependent inhibition of trained immunity in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo administration of the glucose metabolism modulator metformin abrogated the ability for human monocytes to mount a trained response to oxLDL. These findings underscore the importance of cellular metabolism for oxLDL-induced trained immunity and highlight potential immunomodulatory strategies for clinical management of atherosclerosis. Key messages Brief stimulation of monocytes to oxLDL induces a prolonged inflammatory phenotype. This is due to upregulation of glycolytic metabolism. Genetic variation in glycolytic genes modulates oxLDL-induced trained immunity. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis prevents trained immunity.

Correction to: CpG‑creating mutations are costly in many human viruses - Victoria R. Caudill; Sarina Qin; Ryan Winstead; Jasmeen Kaur; Kaho Tisthammer; E. Geo Pineda; Caroline Solis; Sarah Cobey; Trevor Bedford; Oana Carja; Rosalind M. Eggo; Katia Koelle; et al. (Evolutionary Ecology, 2020)

CpG-creating mutations are costly in many human viruses - Victoria R. Caudill; Sarina Qin; Ryan Winstead; Jasmeen Kaur; Kaho Tisthammer; E. Geo Pineda; Caroline Solis; Sarah Cobey; Trevor Bedford; Oana Carja; Rosalind M. Eggo; Katia Koelle; et al. (Evolutionary Ecology, 2020)
Mutations can occur throughout the virus genome and may be beneficial, neutral or deleterious. We are interested in mutations that yield a C next to a G, producing CpG sites. CpG sites are rare in eukaryotic and viral genomes. For the eukaryotes, it is thought that CpG sites are rare because they are prone to mutation when methylated. In viruses, we know less about why CpG sites are rare. A previous study in HIV suggested that CpG-creating transition mutations are more costly than similar non-CpG-creating mutations. To determine if this is the case in other viruses, we analyzed the allele frequencies of CpG-creating and non-CpG-creating mutations across various strains, subtypes, and genes of viruses using existing data obtained from Genbank, HIV Databases, and Virus Pathogen Resource. Our results suggest that CpG sites are indeed costly for most viruses. By understanding the cost of CpG sites, we can obtain further insights into the evolution and adaptation of viruses.

Insight into the removal process mechanism of pharmaceutical compounds and dyes on plasma-modified biomass: the key role of adsorbate specificity - Brice Takam; Jean-Baptiste Tarkwa; Elie Acayanka; Serge Nzali; Darryle M. Chesseu; Georges Y. Kamgang; Samuel Laminsi (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Parasitism, host feeding, and transgenerational effects of three insecticides on the eulophid parasitoid Tamarixia triozae when exposed in the immature stages - Sinue I. Morales; Ana M. Martínez; Elisa Viñuela; José I. Figueroa; Fernando Tamayo; Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva; Samuel Pineda (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Good Practices for Species Distribution Modeling of Deep-Sea Corals and Sponges for Resource Management: Data Collection, Analysis, Validation, and Communication - Arliss J. Winship; James T. Thorson; M. Elizabeth Clarke; Heather M. Coleman; Bryan Costa; Samuel E. Georgian; David Gillett; Arnaud Grüss; Mark J. Henderson; Thomas F. Hourigan; David D. Huff; Nissa Kreidler; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Emergence of negative affect as motivation for drug taking in rats chronically self-administering cocaine - Samuel D. Klein; Nicholas J. Beacher; Julianna M. Kulik; David J. Estrin; Anthony P. Pawlak; Mark O. West (Psychopharmacology, 2020)

Costs and compensation in zooplankton pigmentation under countervailing threats of ultraviolet radiation and predation - Samuel M. Bashevkin; John H. Christy; Steven G. Morgan (Oecologia, 2020)

Examining the roles of working memory and visual attention in multiple object tracking expertise - David J. Harris; Mark R. Wilson; Emily M. Crowe; Samuel J. Vine (Cognitive Processing, 2020)
When tracking multiple moving targets among visually similar distractors, human observers are capable of distributing attention over several spatial locations. It is unclear, however, whether capacity limitations or perceptual–cognitive abilities are responsible for the development of expertise in multiple object tracking. Across two experiments, we examined the role of working memory and visual attention in tracking expertise. In Experiment 1, individuals who regularly engaged in object tracking sports (soccer and rugby) displayed improved tracking performance, relative to non-tracking sports (swimming, rowing, running) ( p = 0.02, η p 2 = 0.163), but no differences in gaze strategy ( ps > 0.31). In Experiment 2, participants trained on an adaptive object tracking task showed improved tracking performance ( p = 0.005, d = 0.817), but no changes in gaze strategy ( ps > 0.07). They did, however, show significant improvement in a working memory transfer task ( p < 0.001, d = 0.970). These findings indicate that the development of tracking expertise is more closely linked to processing capacity limits than perceptual–cognitive strategies.

General DNA Methylation Patterns and Environmentally-Induced Differential Methylation in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) - Yaamini R. Venkataraman; Alan M. Downey-Wall; Justin Ries; Isaac Westfield; Samuel J. White; Steven B. Roberts; Kathleen E. Lotterhos (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Design of a Drug-Eluting Subcutaneous Implant of the Antiretroviral Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate - Solange M Simpson; Lakmini Widanapathirana; Jonathan T. Su; Samuel Sung; David Watrous; Jiang Qiu; Elizabeth Pearson; Alex Evanoff; Dipu Karunakaran; Jorge E. Chacon; Patrick F. Kiser (Pharmaceutical Research, 2020)
Purpose Sexual transmission of HIV has been clinically proven to be preventable with a once-daily oral tablet; however, missed doses dramatically increase the risk of HIV infection. Long-acting subcutaneous implants do not allow the user to miss a dose. A desirable long-acting drug-eluting implant can deliver a constant amount of drug, adjust the delivered dose, and be readily manufactured. We present a long-acting, subcutaneous implant design composed of tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (TAF) pellets loaded in a sealed polyether urethane tube for the prevention of HIV transmission. Methods Implants were prepared with pressed drug pellets and extruded polyurethane tubing. In vitro release rate of implants using different pellet formulations, rate-controlling membranes, and geometries were measured. Results Tenofovir alafenamide release appeared to be governed by a pseudo-steady state and followed a mass transport model of release from a cylindrical drug reservoir. Implant seal integrity was tested and confirmed using mechanical testing. The inclusion of sodium chloride in the pellet increased the release rate and reduced initial lag. The release was sustained for 100 days. Conclusions The release rate of tenofovir alafenamide mechanistically varied with geometry and rate controlling membrane composition. The polyether urethane implant presented herein is modular and tunable to adjust the release rate and duration of the TAF release.

Use of a Porcine Model to Evaluate the Risks and Benefits of Vasopressors in Propranolol Poisoning - Jon B Cole; Justin N Corcoran; Kristin M Engebretsen; Samuel J Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2020)

Loss of BIM in T cells results in BCL-2 family BH3-member compensation but incomplete cell death sensitivity normalization - Lindsey M. Ludwig; Lauren E. Roach; Samuel G. Katz; James L. LaBelle (Apoptosis, 2020)

Optimizing green design using ant colony-based approach - C. Y. Ng; S. S. Lam; Samuel P. M. Choi; Kris M. Y. Law (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2020)

Effect of Additives to Improve Calcium-Based Sorbents in Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization - Ítalo W. L. França; Samuel J. M. Cartaxo; Moises Bastos-Neto; Luciana R. B. Gonçalves; Fabiano A. N. Fernandes (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2020)

Clinicopathological characteristics and papillomavirus types in cutaneous warts in bovine - Angélica C. Bertagnolli; André V. A. Bezerra; Raíssa N. Santos; Lissandra S. Cavalli; Ana Paula M. Varela; Emily M. Reis; Samuel Paulo Cibulsky; Paulo M. Roehe; Fabiana Q. Mayer (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020)

Identification of Semiochemicals from Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, for Low-input Management of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata - Jonathan Osei-Owusu; József Vuts; John C. Caulfield; Christine M. Woodcock; David M. Withall; Antony M. Hooper; Samuel Osafo-Acquaah; Michael A. Birkett (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2020)
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important food legumes grown on the African continent, as it provides an affordable source of dietary protein. Yields of cowpea are significantly reduced through damage by legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) , caterpillars to flowers, tender leaves and pods. Semiochemical-based strategies are considered as environmentally benign and affordable for pest management, particularly on smallholder farms. In this study, we investigated the importance of cowpea flower volatiles as host location cues for egg-laying M. vitrata , and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as M. vitrata repellents and natural enemy ( Apanteles taragamae and Phanerotoma syleptae parasitoid) attractants. In oviposition choice assays, M. vitrata laid more eggs on flowering cowpea plants than non-flowering plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG) analysis using the antennae of female M. vitrata and an extract of flower volatiles collected by dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of five EAG-active components that were identified by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, a vinylbenzaldehyde isomer and ( E )-cinnamaldehyde. A synthetic blend of the identified compounds, prepared using 3-vinylbenzaldehyde, induced M. vitrata to lay as many eggs on non-flowering cowpea as on flowering plants. The moths also preferred laying eggs on intact plants compared to M. vitrata -infested plants. As the emission of EAG-active floral compounds was determined to be lower in the headspace of infested cowpea flowers, the role of HIPVs emitted by M. vitrata -damaged leaves was also investigated. Of the compounds induced by larval damage, ( E )-DMNT, indole, n-hexyl acetate, 1-octen-3-ol and linalool were shown by GC-EAG to possess electrophysiological activity. A synthetic blend of the EAG-active compounds, using racemic 1-octen-3-ol and linalool, significantly reduced egg numbers on flowering cowpea. Larval and egg parasitoids, i.e. A. taragamae and Ph. syleptae, respectively, of M. vitrata both preferred the Y-tube olfactometer arm treated with synthetic ( E )-DMNT, whereas preference for racemic linalool and ( E )-nerolidol was dose-dependent in A. taragamae . Our results provide the platform for the development of future semiochemical-based pest management strategies against M. vitrata on smallholder farms in West Africa.

Using aerial surveys and citizen science to create species distribution models for an imperiled grouse - Ashley M. Tanner; Evan P. Tanner; Monica Papeş; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; R. Dwayne Elmore; Craig A. Davis (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020)

Mixed ancestry from wild and domestic lineages contributes to the rapid expansion of invasive feral swine - Timothy J. Smyser; Michael A. Tabak; Chris Slootmaker; Michael S. Robeson; Ryan S. Miller; Mirte Bosse; Hendrik‐Jan Megens; Martien A. M. Groenen; Samuel Rezende Paiva; Danielle Assis de Faria; Harvey D. Blackburn; Brandon S. Schmit; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Invasive alien species are a significant threat to both economic and ecological systems. Identifying the processes that give rise to invasive populations is essential for implementing effective control strategies. We conducted an ancestry analysis of invasive feral swine ( Sus scrofa , Linnaeus, 1758), a highly destructive ungulate that is widely distributed throughout the contiguous United States, to describe introduction pathways, sources of newly emergent populations and processes contributing to an ongoing invasion. Comparisons of high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes for 6,566 invasive feral swine to a comprehensive reference set of S. scrofa revealed that the vast majority of feral swine were of mixed ancestry, with dominant genetic associations to Western heritage breeds of domestic pig and European populations of wild boar. Further, the rapid expansion of invasive feral swine over the past 30 years was attributable to secondary introductions from established populations of admixed ancestry as opposed to direct introductions of domestic breeds or wild boar. Spatially widespread genetic associations of invasive feral swine to European wild boar deviated strongly from historical S. scrofa introduction pressure, which was largely restricted to domestic pigs with infrequent, localized wild boar releases. The deviation between historical introduction pressure and contemporary genetic ancestry suggests wild boar‐hybridization may contribute to differential fitness in the environment and heightened invasive potential for individuals of admixed domestic pig–wild boar ancestry.

Starch accumulation does not lead to feedback photosynthetic downregulation in girdled coffee branches under varying source-to-sink ratios - Rodrigo T. Avila; Samuel C. V. Martins; Lílian M. V. P. Sanglard; Martielly S. dos Santos; Paulo E. Menezes-Silva; Kelly C. Detman; Matheus L. Sanglard; Amanda A. Cardoso; Leandro E. Morais; Camilo E. Vital; Wagner L. Araújo; Adriano Nunes-Nesi; et al. (Trees, 2020)

The Sensitivity of Estimates of Multiphase Fluid and Solid Properties of Porous Rocks to Image Processing - Gaetano Garfi; Cédric M. John; Steffen Berg; Samuel Krevor (Transport in Porous Media, 2020)
X-ray microcomputed tomography (X-ray μ -CT) is a rapidly advancing technology that has been successfully employed to study flow phenomena in porous media. It offers an alternative approach to core scale experiments for the estimation of traditional petrophysical properties such as porosity and single-phase flow permeability. It can also be used to investigate properties that control multiphase flow such as rock wettability or mineral topology. In most applications, analyses are performed on segmented images obtained employing a specific processing pipeline on the greyscale images. The workflow leading to a segmented image is not straightforward or unique and, for most of the properties of interest, a ground truth is not available. For this reason, it is crucial to understand how image processing choices control properties estimation. In this work, we assess the sensitivity of porosity, permeability, specific surface area, in situ contact angle measurements, fluid–fluid interfacial curvature measurements and mineral composition to processing choices. We compare the results obtained upon the employment of two processing pipelines: non-local means filtering followed by watershed segmentation; segmentation by a manually trained random forest classifier. Single-phase flow permeability, in situ contact angle measurements and mineral-to-pore total surface area are the most sensitive properties, as a result of the sensitivity to processing of the phase boundary identification task. Porosity, interfacial fluid–fluid curvature and specific mineral descriptors are robust to processing. The sensitivity of the property estimates increases with the complexity of its definition and its relationship to boundary shape.

Consistent scale-dependency of future increases in hourly extreme precipitation in two convection-permitting climate models - Samuel Helsen; Nicole P. M. van Lipzig; Matthias Demuzere; Sam Vanden Broucke; Steven Caluwaerts; Lesley De Cruz; Rozemien De Troch; Rafiq Hamdi; Piet Termonia; Bert Van Schaeybroeck; Hendrik Wouters (Climate Dynamics, 2020)

Changes in Genome-Wide Methylation and Gene Expression in Response to Future pCO2 Extremes in the Antarctic Pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica - Samuel N. Bogan; Kevin M. Johnson; Gretchen E. Hofmann (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Development and Feasibility of a Porcine Model of Amlodipine Toxicity - Sean P. Boley; Rebecca B. Mackenzie; Jenna M. LeRoy; Kristin M. Engebretsen; Samuel J. Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2020)

Platelet Dynamics and Hemodynamics of Cerebral Aneurysms Treated with Flow-Diverting Stents - Laurel M. M. Marsh; Michael C. Barbour; Venkat Keshav Chivukula; Fanette Chassagne; Cory M. Kelly; Samuel H. Levy; Louis J. Kim; Michael R. Levitt; Alberto Aliseda (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2020)

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access - Jens Kattge; Gerhard Bönisch; Sandra Díaz; Sandra Lavorel; Iain Colin Prentice; Paul Leadley; Susanne Tautenhahn; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Tuomas Aakala; Mehdi Abedi; Alicia T. R. Acosta; George C. Adamidis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

How do coffee trees deal with severe natural droughts? An analysis of hydraulic, diffusive and biochemical components at the leaf level - Samuel C. V. Martins; Matheus L. Sanglard; Leandro E. Morais; Paulo E. Menezes-Silva; Rafael Mauri; Rodrigo T. Avila; Camilo E. Vital; Amanda A. Cardoso; Fábio M. DaMatta (Trees, 2019)

Environmental friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and estimation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti - S. M. Roopan; R. S. Mathew; S. S. Mahesh; D. Titus; K. Aggarwal; N. Bhatia; K. I. Damodharan; K. Elumalai; J. J. Samuel (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019)

Spatial patterns of discovery points and invasion hotspots of non‐native forest pests - Samuel F. Ward; Songlin Fei; Andrew M. Liebhold (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Aim Establishments of non‐native forest pests (insects and pathogens) continue to increase worldwide with growing numbers of introductions and changes in invasion pathways. Quantifying spatio‐temporal patterns in establishment locations and subsequent invasion dynamics can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving invasions and assist biosecurity agencies with prioritizing areas for proactive surveillance and management. Location United States of America. Time period 1794–2018. Major taxa studied Insecta, plant pathogens. Methods Using locations of first discovery and county‐level occurrence data for 101 non‐native pests across the contiguous USA, we (a) quantified spatial patterns in discovery points and county‐level species richness with spatial point process models and spatial hotspot analyses, respectively, and (b) identified potential proxies for propagule pressure (e.g., human population density) associated with these observed patterns. Results Discovery points were highly aggregated in space and located in areas with high densities of ports and roads. Although concentrated in the north‐eastern USA, discovery points also occurred farther west and became less aggregated as time progressed. Invasion hotspots were more common in the north‐east. Geographic patterns of discovery points and hotspots varied substantially among pest origins (i.e., global region of pests’ native ranges) and pest feeding guilds. Significant variation in invasion richness was attributed to the patterns of first discovery locations. Data and shapefiles comprising analyses are provided. Main conclusions Use of spatial point pattern analyses provided a quantitative characterization of the central role of human activities in establishment of non‐native pests. Moreover, the decreased aggregation of discovery points through time suggests that invasion pathways to certain areas in the USA have either been created or intensified by human activities. Overall, our results suggest that spatio‐temporal variability in the intensity of invasion pathways has resulted in marked geographic patterns of establishment and contributed to current macroscale patterns of pest invasion in the USA.

The time-course of thermoregulatory responses during treadmill running is associated with running duration-dependent hypothalamic neuronal activation in rats - Paulo M. A. Lima; Helton O. Campos; Daniela R. C. Fóscolo; Raphael E. Szawka; Samuel P. Wanner; Cândido C. Coimbra (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

sFDvent: A global trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna - Abbie S. A. Chapman; Stace E. Beaulieu; Ana Colaço; Andrey V. Gebruk; Ana Hilario; Terue C. Kihara; Eva Ramirez‐Llodra; Jozée Sarrazin; Verena Tunnicliffe; Diva J. Amon; Maria C. Baker; Rachel E. Boschen‐Rose; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Motivation Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite growing interest in a trait‐based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single repository for species traits for deep‐sea chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global‐scale trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna – sFDvent ( s Div‐funded trait database for the F unctional D iversity of vent s). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: (a) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and (b) compare trait‐based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal‐vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using online collaborative tools and shared workspaces. Here, we characterise the sFDvent database, describe our approach, and evaluate its scope. Finally, we compare the sFDvent database to similar databases from shallow‐marine and terrestrial ecosystems to highlight how the sFDvent database can inform cross‐ecosystem comparisons. We also make the sFDvent database publicly available online by assigning a persistent, unique DOI. Main types of variable contained Six hundred and forty‐six vent species names, associated location information (33 regions), and scores for 13 traits (in categories: community structure, generalist/specialist, geographic distribution, habitat use, life history, mobility, species associations, symbiont, and trophic structure). Contributor IDs, certainty scores, and references are also provided. Spatial location and grain Global coverage (grain size: ocean basin), spanning eight ocean basins, including vents on 12 mid‐ocean ridges and 6 back‐arc spreading centres. Time period and grain sFDvent includes information on deep‐sea vent species, and associated taxonomic updates, since they were first discovered in 1977. Time is not recorded. The database will be updated every 5 years. Major taxa and level of measurement Deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna with species‐level identification present or in progress. Software format .csv and MS Excel (.xlsx).

Velocity Curvature Index: a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Large Vessel Occlusion - Samuel G. Thorpe; Corey M. Thibeault; Seth J. Wilk; Michael O’Brien; Nicolas Canac; Mina Ranjbaran; Christian Devlin; Thomas Devlin; Robert B. Hamilton (Translational Stroke Research, 2019)

TREK-1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury and from adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction - Samuel Kamatham; Christopher M. Waters; Andreas Schwingshackl; Salvatore Mancarella (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2019)

Refining the ice flow chronology and subglacial dynamics across the migrating Labrador Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with age constraints on deglaciation - Jessey M. Rice; Martin Ross; Roger C. Paulen; Samuel E. Kelley; Jason P. Briner; Christina M. Neudorf; Olav B. Lian (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2019)
The Laurentide Ice Sheet was characterized by a dynamic polythermal base. However, important data and knowledge gaps have led to contrasting reconstructions in areas such as the Labrador Ice Divide. In this study, detailed fieldwork was conducted at the southeastern edge of a major landform boundary to resolve the relative ice flow chronology and constrain the evolution of the subglacial dynamics, including the migration and collapse of the Labrador Ice Divide. Surficial mapping and analysis of 94 outcrop‐scale ice flow indicators were used to develop a relative ice flow chronology. 10 Be exposure ages were used with optical ages to confine the timing of deglaciation within the study area. Four phases of ice flow were identified. Flow 1 was a northeasterly ice flow preserved under non‐erosive subglacial conditions associated with the development of an ice divide. Flow 2 was a northwest ice flow, which we correlate to the Ungava Bay Ice Stream and led to a westward migration of the ice divide, preserving Flow 2 features and resulting in Flow 3's eastward‐trending indicators. Flow 4 is limited to sparse fine striations within and around the regional uplands. The new optical ages and 10 Be exposure ages add to the regional geochronology dataset, which further constrains the timing of ice margin retreat in the area to around 8.0 ka. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum in laboratory zebrafish through live feeds - Carolyn T. Chang; Samuel Benedict; Christopher M. Whipps (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2019)
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is particularly concerning because it is a common disease associated with chronic infections in these fish. Infections are also a source of uncontrolled experimental variance that may influence research results. Live feeds for zebrafish are common and include paramecia ( Paramecium caudatum ), brine shrimp ( Artemia franciscana ) and rotifers ( Branchionus spp.). Although nutritionally beneficial, live feeds may pose a biosecurity risk. In this study, we investigate transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum through these three live feeds. We show that all three live feeds ingest both M. marinum and M. chelonae and can transmit mycobacterial infections to zebrafish. This observation emphasizes the need for live feeds to be included in the consideration of potential biosecurity risks. This study is of importance to other beyond the zebrafish community, including those of additional aquatic models and those using live feeds for other types of aquaculture.

Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus infecting coleus (Plectranthus barbatus) in Karnataka - B. S. Pavithra; Kedarnath Govin; H. M. Renuka; M. Krishnareddy; S. Jalali; D. K. Samuel; K. Himabindu (VirusDisease, 2019)

A global review and meta-analysis of applications of the freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit - Lorenzo Vilizzi; Gordon H. Copp; Boris Adamovich; David Almeida; Joleen Chan; Phil I. Davison; Samuel Dembski; F. Güler Ekmekçi; Árpád Ferincz; Sandra C. Forneck; Jeffrey E. Hill; Jeong-Eun Kim; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2019)

Morphometric analysis and characterization of the nutritional quality in African yam bean accessions - Charity O. Aremu; Omena B. Ojuederie; Folake Ayo-Vaughan; Olatunde Dahunsi; Aruna Olasekan Adekiya; Adeniyi Olayanju; Ojo T. Adebiyi; Ige Sunday; Henry Inegbedion; Abiola John Asaleye; Stephen Abolusoro; Christopher M. Aboyeji; et al. (Plant Physiology Reports, 2019)

Biological variation of resting measures of ventilation and gas exchange in a large healthy cohort - Kirsten E. Coffman; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Roy M. Salgado; Robert W. Kenefick (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Impacts of Air-Fuel Stratification in ACI Combustion on Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions - Melanie Moses-DeBusk; Scott J. Curran; Samuel A. Lewis; R. Maggie Connatser; John M. E. Storey (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2019)

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem - Michelle D. Staudinger; Katherine E. Mills; Karen Stamieszkin; Nicholas R. Record; Christine A. Hudak; Andrew Allyn; Antony Diamond; Kevin D. Friedland; Walt Golet; Meghan Elisabeth Henderson; Christina M. Hernandez; Thomas G. Huntington; et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 2019)
The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.

The role of simulated spring water stress in interactions between eastern larch and larch casebearer - Samuel F. Ward; Aubree M. Kees; Mitchell P. Maddox; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Brian H. Aukema (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2019)

Targeted inhibition of histone deacetylase leads to suppression of Ewing sarcoma tumor growth through an unappreciated EWS-FLI1/HDAC3/HSP90 signaling axis - Yan Ma; Michael Baltezor; Lian Rajewski; Jennifer Crow; Glenson Samuel; Vincent S. Staggs; Katherine M. Chastain; Jeffrey A. Toretsky; Scott J. Weir; Andrew K. Godwin (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2019)

Ten Years of Robotripping: Evidence of Tolerance to Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide in a Long-Term User - Travis D. Olives; Sean P. Boley; Jenna M. LeRoy; Samuel J. Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2019)

A Swine Model of Severe Propranolol Toxicity Permitting Direct Measurement of Brain Tissue Oxygenation - Benjamin S Orozco; Kristin M Engebretsen; Joel S Holger; Samuel J Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2019)

Spatial resilience of the Great Barrier Reef under cumulative disturbance impacts - Camille Mellin; Samuel Matthews; Kenneth R.N. Anthony; Stuart C. Brown; M. Julian Caley; Kerryn A. Johns; Kate Osborne; Marjetta Puotinen; Angus Thompson; Nicholas H. Wolff; Damien A. Fordham; M. Aaron MacNeil (Global Change Biology, 2019)
In the face of increasing cumulative effects from human and natural disturbances, sustaining coral reefs will require a deeper understanding of the drivers of coral resilience in space and time. Here we develop a high‐resolution, spatially explicit model of coral dynamics on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Our model accounts for biological, ecological and environmental processes, as well as spatial variation in water quality and the cumulative effects of coral diseases, bleaching, outbreaks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish ( Acanthaster cf. solaris ), and tropical cyclones. Our projections reconstruct coral cover trajectories between 1996 and 2017 over a total reef area of 14,780 km 2 , predicting a mean annual coral loss of −0.67%/year mostly due to the impact of cyclones, followed by starfish outbreaks and coral bleaching. Coral growth rate was the highest for outer shelf coral communities characterized by digitate and tabulate Acropora spp. and exposed to low seasonal variations in salinity and sea surface temperature, and the lowest for inner‐shelf communities exposed to reduced water quality. We show that coral resilience (defined as the net effect of resistance and recovery following disturbance) was negatively related to the frequency of river plume conditions, and to reef accessibility to a lesser extent. Surprisingly, reef resilience was substantially lower within no‐take marine protected areas, however this difference was mostly driven by the effect of water quality. Our model provides a new validated, spatially explicit platform for identifying the reefs that face the greatest risk of biodiversity loss, and those that have the highest chances to persist under increasing disturbance regimes.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics - Paloma Marques Santos; Adriana Bocchiglieri; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Adryelle Moreira; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Agustin Manuel Abba; Agustin Paviolo; Ailin Gatica; Akyllan Zoppi Medeiro; Alan Nilo Costa; Alberto Gonzalez Gallina; et al. (Ecology, 2019)
Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records ( n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest ( n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus ( n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus ( n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records ( n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest ( n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data.

Morphology of Drained Upland Depressions on the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa - Samuel M. McDeid; David I. S. Green; William G. Crumpton (Wetlands, 2019)

Controllable stress elicits circuit-specific patterns of prefrontal plasticity in males, but not females - Michael V. Baratta; Tina M. Gruene; Samuel D. Dolzani; Lauren E. Chun; Steven F. Maier; Rebecca M. Shansky (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

Integrating team science into interdisciplinary graduate education: an exploration of the SESYNC Graduate Pursuit - Kenneth E. Wallen; Karen Filbee-Dexter; Jeremy B. Pittman; Stephen M. Posner; Steven M. Alexander; Chelsie L. Romulo; Drew E. Bennett; Elizabeth C. Clark; Stella J.M. Cousins; Bradford A. Dubik; Margaret Garcia; Heather A. Haig; et al. (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2019)

Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity and human health on a Mediterranean island - Jodey Peyton; Angeliki F. Martinou; Oliver L. Pescott; Monica Demetriou; Tim Adriaens; Margarita Arianoutsou; Ioannis Bazos; Colin W. Bean; Olaf Booy; Marc Botham; J. Robert Britton; Javier Lobon Cervia; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Tree species diversity and spatial distribution patterns on agricultural landscapes in sub-humid Oromia, Ethiopia - Dawit Samuel; Abayneh Derero; Zerihun Kebebew; Kiros M. Hadgu (Agroforestry Systems, 2019)

Ty-6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato mottle virus - Upinder Gill; John W. Scott; Reza Shekasteband; Eben Ogundiwin; Cees Schuit; David M. Francis; Sung-Chur Sim; Hugh Smith; Samuel F. Hutton (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in Adults with HIV Infection - A. R. Kallianpur; H. Gittleman; S. Letendre; R. Ellis; J. S. Barnholtz-Sloan; W. S. Bush; R. Heaton; D. C. Samuels; D. R. Franklin; D. Rosario-Cookson; D. B. Clifford; A. C. Collier; et al. (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Iron Deficiency Reduces Synapse Formation in the Drosophila Clock Circuit - Samuel S. Rudisill; Bradley R. Martin; Kevin M. Mankowski; Charles R. Tessier (Biological Trace Element Research, 2019)

Photoprotective benefits of pigmentation in the transparent plankton community: a comparative species experimental test - Samuel M. Bashevkin; John H. Christy; Steven G. Morgan (Ecology, 2019)
Plankton live under the countervailing selective pressures of predation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In lakes, zooplankton are transparent reducing visibility to predatory fishes but are pigmented in the absence of fishes, hypothetically reducing UVR damage. In the sea, planktivorous fishes are widespread, so plankton typically are transparent and ascend to productive surface waters at night to forage and descend during the day to reduce visibility to predators. However, larvae of some species face the unique constraint of traveling in surface currents in the daytime during migrations between adult and larval habitats. We would expect these larvae to be transparent since companion studies demonstrated increased predation risk of pigmented larvae under strong sunlight. Paradoxically, larvae range from being darkly to lightly pigmented. We hypothesize that some larvae are more heavily pigmented to reduce UVR damage, while other species travelling in subsurface currents with low UVR might be more transparent. Linking larval morphology to depth‐dependent selective pressures would add a key element to help improve predictions of larval vertical distributions, which are important for simulating larval transport trajectories. We quantitatively tested the hypothesis that selection may have favored photoprotective pigmentation for larvae in the predominantly transparent plankton community while testing the differential effects of UVA and UVB radiation. We measured larval pigmentation of 12 species of crabs and exposed them to visible light only, visible + UVA, or visible + UVA + UVB in the tropics. Controlling for phylogeny, more pigmented species survived UVR better than less pigmented species, especially on sunnier days, though intraspecific comparisons for four species were equivocal. Most species died even from UVA exposure, which has long been regarded as relatively harmless despite penetrating deeper underwater than UVB. Thus, we demonstrate with a phylogenetically controlled analysis that crab larvae are pigmented in the predominantly transparent planktonic community to protect from UVR, improving our understanding of the selective forces acting on animal coloration and the factors determining planktonic distributions, survival, and dispersal. This linkage of morphology with susceptibility will be important for developing mechanistic models of environmental stress responses to better predict larval dispersal in current and future climates.

A Global Assessment of the Effects of Eucalyptus Plantations on Stream Ecosystem Functioning - Verónica Ferreira; Luz Boyero; Clementina Calvo; Francisco Correa; Ricardo Figueroa; José Francisco Gonçalves; Guillermo Goyenola; Manuel A. S. Graça; Luiz U. Hepp; Samuel Kariuki; Anahí López-Rodríguez; Néstor Mazzeo; et al. (Ecosystems, 2019)

Correction to: Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs: are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species? - Rachel E. Ball; Barbara Serra-Pereira; Jim Ellis; Martin J. Genner; Samuel Iglésias; Andrew F. Johnson; Catherine S. Jones; Rob Leslie; Jennifer Lewis; Stefano Mariani; Gui Menezes; Francis Neat; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Modeling sediment texture of river-deltaic wetlands in the Lower Barataria Bay and Lower Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA - An Li; Frank T.-C. Tsai; Kehui Xu; Jiaze Wang; Crawford M. White; Samuel J. Bentley; Qin J. Chen (Geo-Marine Letters, 2019)

Journal Club - Jochen Graw; Rebecca Halbach; Volkmar Braun; Lennart Randau; Johannes Sander; Andreas Seiffert-Störiko; Benedikt Moissl; Martin Daus; Martina Adamek; Fabian M. Commichau; Gerhart Drews; Jeroen S. Dickschat; et al. (BIOspektrum, 2019)

Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Solubility of Quinoline: Back-to-Basics - M. Teresa Carvajal; Samuel Yalkowsky (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019)

Rangeland vulnerability to state transition under global climate change - Carissa L. Wonkka; Dirac Twidwell; Brady W. Allred; Christine H. Bielski; Victoria M. Donovan; Caleb P. Roberts; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf (Climatic Change, 2019)

Prevalence of β-haemolytic multi-drug resistant E. coli in cow and camel milk in Kenya - Samuel M. Nato; Joseph W. Matofari; Bockline O. Bebe; Christian Huelsebusch (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2019)

Occurrence of aflatoxins in rice and in cassava (Manihot esculenta) products (meal, bread) produced in Guyana - Donna M. Morrison; David R. Ledoux; Lambert F. B. Chester; Coretta A. N. Samuels (Mycotoxin Research, 2019)

Local and system-wide adaptation is influenced by population connectivity - Patrik Nosil; Víctor Soria-Carrasco; Jeffrey L. Feder; Samuel M. Flaxman; Zach Gompert (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs - Kristin M. Whitworth; Raymond R. R. Rowland; Vlad Petrovan; Maureen Sheahan; Ada G. Cino-Ozuna; Ying Fang; Richard Hesse; Alan Mileham; Melissa S. Samuel; Kevin D. Wells; Randall S. Prather (Transgenic Research, 2019)

Informing marine protected areas in Bimini, Bahamas by considering hotspots for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; Anthony J. Gillis; Simona A. Ceriani; Tristan L. Guttridge; Maurits P. M. Van Zinnicq Bergmann; Matthew Smukall; Samuel H. Gruber; Natalie Wildermann (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2019)

Dynamics of Prochlorococcus Diversity and Photoacclimation During Short-Term Shifts in Water Column Stratification at Station ALOHA - Anne W. Thompson; Ger van den Engh; Nathan A. Ahlgren; Kathleen Kouba; Samantha Ward; Samuel T. Wilson; David M. Karl (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Beneficial Effects of the Calcium Channel Blocker CTK 01512-2 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis - Rodrigo B. M. Silva; Samuel Greggio; Gianina T. Venturin; Jaderson C. da Costa; Marcus V. Gomez; Maria M. Campos (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Multiple Aneurysms AnaTomy CHallenge 2018 (MATCH): Phase I: Segmentation - Philipp Berg; Samuel Voß; Sylvia Saalfeld; Gábor Janiga; Aslak W. Bergersen; Kristian Valen-Sendstad; Jan Bruening; Leonid Goubergrits; Andreas Spuler; Nicole M. Cancelliere; David A. Steinman; Vitor M. Pereira; et al. (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2018)

Evaluation of the serum virome in calves persistently infected with Pestivirus A, presenting or not presenting mucosal disease - Matheus N. Weber; Samuel P. Cibulski; Simone Silveira; Franciele M. Siqueira; Ana Cristina S. Mósena; Mariana S. da Silva; Juliana C. Olegário; Ana Paula M. Varela; Thaís F. Teixeira; Matheus V. Bianchi; David Driemeier; Saulo P. Pavarini; et al. (Virus Genes, 2018)

Future Directions in the Research and Management of Marine Snakes - Vinay Udyawer; Peter Barnes; Xavier Bonnet; François Brischoux; Jenna M. Crowe-Riddell; Blanche D’Anastasi; Bryan G. Fry; Amber Gillett; Claire Goiran; Michael L. Guinea; Harold Heatwole; Michelle R. Heupel; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis mRNA using digital PCR as a more accurate marker of viable organism - Samuel Phillips; Lenka A. Vodstrcil; Wilhelmina M. Huston; Amba Lawerence; Peter Timms; Marcus Y. Chen; Karen Worthington; Ruthy McIver; Catriona S. Bradshaw; Suzanne M. Garland; Sepehr N. Tabrizi; Jane S. Hocking (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2018)

Fluorescent reporter transgenic mice for in vivo live imaging of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis - Susan J. Doh; Michael Yamakawa; Samuel M. Santosa; Mario Montana; Kai Guo; Joseph R. Sauer; Nicholas Curran; Kyu-Yeon Han; Charles Yu; Masatsugu Ema; Mark I. Rosenblatt; Jin-Hong Chang; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2018)

Demographic inference in barn swallows using whole‐genome data shows signal for bottleneck and subspecies differentiation during the Holocene - Chris C. R. Smith; Samuel M. Flaxman; Elizabeth S. C. Scordato; Nolan C. Kane; Amanda K. Hund; Basma M. Sheta; Rebecca J. Safran (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Accounting for historical demographic features is vital for many types of evolutionary inferences, including the estimation of divergence times between closely related populations. In barn swallow, Hirundo rustica , inferring historical population sizes and subspecies divergence times can shed light on the recent co‐evolution of this species with humans. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent uncovered population growth beginning on the order of one million years ago—which may reflect the radiation of the broader Hirundo genus—and a more recent population decline. Additionally, we used approximate Bayesian computation to evaluate hypotheses about recent timescale barn swallow demography, including population growth due to human commensalism, and a potential founder event associated with the onset of nesting on human structures. We found signal for a bottleneck event approximately 7,700 years ago, near the time that humans began building substantial structures, although there was considerable uncertainty associated with this estimate. Subspecies differentiation and subsequent growth occurred after the bottleneck in the best‐supported model, an order of magnitude more recently than previous estimates in this system. We also compared results obtained from whole‐genome sequencing versus reduced representation sequencing, finding many similar results despite substantial allelic dropout in the reduced representation data, which may have affected estimates of some parameters. This study presents the first genetic evidence of a potential barn swallow founder effect and subspecies divergence coinciding with the Holocene, which is an important step in analysing the biogeographical history of a well‐known human commensal species.

Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood - Paul Daly; Sara Casado López; Mao Peng; Christopher S. Lancefield; Samuel O. Purvine; Young‐Mo Kim; Erika M. Zink; Alice Dohnalkova; Vasanth R. Singan; Anna Lipzen; David Dilworth; Mei Wang; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary White‐rot fungi, such as Dichomitus squalens , degrade all wood components and inhabit mixed‐wood forests containing both soft‐ and hardwood species. In this study, we evaluated how D. squalens responded to the compositional differences in softwood [guaiacyl (G) lignin and higher mannan content] and hardwood [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin and higher xylan content] using semi‐natural solid cultures. Spruce (softwood) and birch (hardwood) sticks were degraded by D. squalens as measured by oxidation of the lignins using 2D‐NMR. The fungal response as measured by transcriptomics, proteomics and enzyme activities showed a partial tailoring to wood composition. Mannanolytic transcripts and proteins were more abundant in spruce cultures, while a proportionally higher xylanolytic activity was detected in birch cultures. Both wood types induced manganese peroxidases to a much higher level than laccases, but higher transcript and protein levels of the manganese peroxidases were observed on the G‐lignin rich spruce. Overall, the molecular responses demonstrated a stronger adaptation to the spruce rather than birch composition, possibly because D. squalens is mainly found degrading softwoods in nature, which supports the ability of the solid wood cultures to reflect the natural environment.

Nitrogen Limitation of the Summer Phytoplankton and Heterotrophic Prokaryote Communities in the Chukchi Sea - Matthew M. Mills; Zachary W. Brown; Samuel R. Laney; Eva Ortega-Retuerta; Kate E. Lowry; Gert L. van Dijken; Kevin R. Arrigo (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Beyond Metrics? The Role of Hydrologic Baseline Archetypes in Environmental Water Management - Belize A. Lane; Samuel Sandoval-Solis; Eric D. Stein; Sarah M. Yarnell; Gregory B. Pasternack; Helen E. Dahlke (Environmental Management, 2018)

Micro-level social vulnerability assessment towards climate change adaptation in semi-arid Ghana, West Africa - Biola K. Badmos; Ademola A. Adenle; Sampson K. Agodzo; Grace B. Villamor; Daniel K. Asare-Kyei; Laouali M. Amadou; Samuel N. Odai (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2018)

Stable isotope ecology of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) in Kenya - Thure E. Cerling; Samuel A. Andanje; Francis Gakuya; John M. Kariuki; Linus Kariuki; Jackson W. Kingoo; Cedric Khayale; Isaac Lekolool; Anthony N. Macharia; Christopher R. Anderson; Diego P. Fernandez; Lihai Hu; et al. (Oecologia, 2018)

Misidentification of istiophorid billfishes by fisheries observers raises uncertainty over stock status - Samuel M. Williams; Julian G. Pepperell; Michael Bennett; Jennifer R. Ovenden (Journal of Fish Biology, 2018)
We investigated whether commercially landed black marlin Istiompax indica were being misidentified by fisheries observers operating throughout the Pacific Ocean. Of 83 samples reported by observers as I. indica , 77% were genetically identified to be blue marlin Makaira nigricans and 2% to be striped marlin Kajikia audax . The high rate of misidentification by observers places considerable uncertainty over historic catch ratios of Indo‐Pacific marlin and stock assessments relying on the validity of these data.

Analytical performance of a platform for point-of-care CRP testing in adults consulting for lower respiratory tract infection in primary care - Veerle Matheeussen; Viviane Van Hoof; Katherine Loens; Christine Lammens; Anouk Vanderstraeten; Samuel Coenen; Chris C. Butler; Paul Little; Theo J. M. Verheij; Herman Goossens; Margareta Ieven (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2018)

Constraining the geometry and volume of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet - Samuel B. Kachuck; Lawrence M. Cathles (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2018)
The ice load configuration of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet (BSIS) over the last glacial cycle is in dispute. The traditional reconstruction, motivated by the observation that paleo‐shoreline emergence increases towards the center of the Barents Sea, places a single dome in the center of the Barents Sea at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that collapses to island‐centered loads during deglaciation. Observations that suggest that ice flowed from the islands into the Barents even at the LGM motivate another reconstruction that places the ice loads over the islands with minimal marine ice. We analyze an ensemble of ice loads that are consistent with the geophysical observations and show that current relative sea level, GPS and gravity measurements do not and cannot distinguish a central dome from an island‐centered BSIS. What is needed are constraints in the central Barents. Improving the gravity data sufficiently will be difficult. However, obtaining even a single GPS uplift rate measurement in the central Barents would resolve the central dome versus island‐centered BSIS geometry question. Uncertainty in the Barents Sea ice load geometry provides a good illustration of statistical methods that we believe will be useful in other areas of glaciology.

Short-Term Resilience of New Jersey Tidal Marshes to Hurricane Sandy - Rebecca A. Longenecker; Jacob L. Bowman; Brian J. Olsen; Samuel G. Roberts; Chris S. Elphick; Paul M. Castelli; W. Gregory Shriver (Wetlands, 2018)

Transgenic up-regulation of Claudin-6 decreases fine diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced pulmonary inflammation - Joshua B. Lewis; Jared S. Bodine; Jason R. Gassman; Samuel Arce Muñoz; Dallin C. Milner; Todd M. Dunaway; Kaleb M. Egbert; Troy D. Monson; Dallin S. Broberg; Juan A. Arroyo; Paul R. Reynolds (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Towards commercial aquaponics: a review of systems, designs, scales and nomenclature - Harry W. Palm; Ulrich Knaus; Samuel Appelbaum; Simon Goddek; Sebastian M. Strauch; Tycho Vermeulen; M. Haїssam Jijakli; Benz Kotzen (Aquaculture International, 2018)

Ice algal communities in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in spring and early summer: Composition, distribution, and coupling with phytoplankton assemblages - Virginia Selz; Samuel Laney; Alexandra E. Arnsten; Kate M. Lewis; Kate E. Lowry; Hannah L. Joy‐Warren; Matthew M. Mills; Gert L. van Dijken; Kevin R. Arrigo (Limnology and Oceanography, 2018)
To understand the controls on distributions of ice algal communities in spring and the role of ice algae in under‐ice bloom development through possible seeding, we sampled the ice and water column in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas over spring and summer. Field observations showed that high springtime concentrations of bottom ice algal communities were released from the ice into the water column by summer. Furthermore, during our spring sampling, bottom ice algal concentrations were highly variable. Declines in spring ice algal biomass and physiological state were correlated with ice melt, rather than light or nutrient availability. Nonparametric multivariate data analysis of the seasonal succession of phytoplankton and ice algal community composition illustrated that the loss of algae from the sea ice temporarily elevated water column chlorophyll a (Chl a ) levels, as ice‐derived taxa dominated the phytoplankton biomass. Model simulations, constrained by field observations from this study, further suggested that seeding by ice algae was brief and alone could not account for the phytoplankton biomass concentrations exceeding 2 mg Chl a m −3 observed in our study. Ice algal sloughing from the sea ice to the water column contributes biomass to the phytoplankton community. However, this signal of ice‐derived taxa is brief and non‐ice derived taxa dominate phytoplankton blooms later in the spring and summer.

Herd-level risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea infection in cattle of Tamil Nadu - Subbiah Krishna Kumar; K. M. Palanivel; K. Sukumar; B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald; G. Selvaraju; G. Ponnudurai (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2018)

Zygote injection of RNA encoding Cre recombinase results in efficient removal of LoxP flanked neomycin cassettes in pigs - Kristin M. Whitworth; Raissa Cecil; Joshua A. Benne; Bethany K. Redel; Lee D. Spate; Melissa S. Samuel; Randall S. Prather; Kevin D. Wells (Transgenic Research, 2018)

Temporal heterogeneity increases with spatial heterogeneity in ecological communities - Scott L. Collins; Meghan L. Avolio; Corinna Gries; Lauren M. Hallett; Sally E. Koerner; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Andrew L. Rypel; Eric R. Sokol; Samuel B. Fey; Dan F. B. Flynn; Sydney K. Jones; Laura M. Ladwig; et al. (Ecology, 2018)
Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a foundational characteristic of ecological systems. Under global change, understanding temporal community heterogeneity is necessary for predicting the stability of ecosystem functions and services. Indeed, spatial heterogeneity is commonly used in alternative stable state theory as a predictor of temporal heterogeneity and therefore an early indicator of regime shifts. To evaluate whether spatial heterogeneity in species composition is predictive of temporal heterogeneity in ecological communities, we analyzed 68 community data sets spanning freshwater and terrestrial systems where measures of species abundance were replicated over space and time. Of the 68 data sets, 55 (81%) had a weak to strongly positive relationship between spatial and temporal heterogeneity, while in the remaining communities the relationship was weak to strongly negative (19%). Based on a mixed model analysis, we found a significant but weak overall positive relationship between spatial and temporal heterogeneity across all data sets combined, and within aquatic and terrestrial data sets separately. In addition, lifespan and successional stage were negatively and positively related to temporal heterogeneity, respectively. We conclude that spatial heterogeneity may be a predictor of temporal heterogeneity in ecological communities, and that this relationship may be a general property of many terrestrial and aquatic communities.

Cortical Bilateral Adaptations in Rats Submitted to Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Emphasis on Glial Metabolism - Yasmine Nonose; Pedro E. Gewehr; Roberto F. Almeida; Jussemara S. da Silva; Bruna Bellaver; Leo A. M. Martins; Eduardo R. Zimmer; Samuel Greggio; Gianina T. Venturin; Jaderson C. Da Costa; André Quincozes-Santos; Luc Pellerin; et al. (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Identification and expression of a unique neonatal variant of the GABAA receptor α3 subunit - Stephanie M. Miller; Samuel Pelly; Viskasari P. Kalanjati; Aven Lee; Paul B. Colditz; S. Tracey Bjorkman (Brain Structure and Function, 2018)

The Recent Volcanic History of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions - William Wilcock; Robert Dziak; Maya Tolstoy; William Chadwick; Scott Nooner; DelWayne Bohnenstiel; Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach; Felix Waldhauser; Adrien Arnulf; Christian Ballard; Tai-Kwan Lau; Joseph Haxel; et al. (Oceanography, 2018)

The role of hybridization during ecological divergence of southwestern white pine ( Pinus strobiformis ) and limber pine ( P. flexilis ) - Mitra Menon; Justin C. Bagley; Christopher J. Friedline; Amy V. Whipple; Anna W. Schoettle; Alejandro Leal‐Sàenz; Christian Wehenkel; Francisco Molina‐Freaner; Lluvia Flores‐Rentería; M. Socorro Gonzalez‐Elizondo; Richard A. Sniezko; Samuel A. Cushman; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Interactions between extrinsic factors, such as disruptive selection and intrinsic factors, such as genetic incompatibilities among loci, often contribute to the maintenance of species boundaries. The relative roles of these factors in the establishment of reproductive isolation can be examined using species pairs characterized by gene flow throughout their divergence history. We investigated the process of speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries between Pinus strobiformis and Pinus flexilis . Utilizing ecological niche modelling, demographic modelling and genomic cline analyses, we illustrated a divergence history with continuous gene flow. Our results supported an abundance of advanced generation hybrids and a lack of loci exhibiting steep transition in allele frequency across the hybrid zone. Additionally, we found evidence for climate‐associated variation in the hybrid index and niche divergence between parental species and the hybrid zone. These results are consistent with extrinsic factors, such as climate, being an important isolating mechanism. A build‐up of intrinsic incompatibilities and of coadapted gene complexes is also apparent, although these appear to be in the earliest stages of development. This supports previous work in coniferous species demonstrating the importance of extrinsic factors in facilitating speciation. Overall, our findings lend support to the hypothesis that varying strength and direction of selection pressures across the long lifespans of conifers, in combination with their other life history traits, delays the evolution of strong intrinsic incompatibilities.

The Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE): a synthesis - Brian C. O’Neill; James M. Done; Andrew Gettelman; Peter Lawrence; Flavio Lehner; Jean-Francois Lamarque; Lei Lin; Andrew J. Monaghan; Keith Oleson; Xiaolin Ren; Benjamin M. Sanderson; Claudia Tebaldi; et al. (Climatic Change, 2018)

Making ecological models adequate - Wayne M. Getz; Charles R. Marshall; Colin J. Carlson; Luca Giuggioli; Sadie J. Ryan; Stephanie S. Romañach; Carl Boettiger; Samuel D. Chamberlain; Laurel Larsen; Paolo D’Odorico; David O’Sullivan (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Critical evaluation of the adequacy of ecological models is urgently needed to enhance their utility in developing theory and enabling environmental managers and policymakers to make informed decisions. Poorly supported management can have detrimental, costly or irreversible impacts on the environment and society. Here, we examine common issues in ecological modelling and suggest criteria for improving modelling frameworks. An appropriate level of process description is crucial to constructing the best possible model, given the available data and understanding of ecological structures. Model details unsupported by data typically lead to over parameterisation and poor model performance. Conversely, a lack of mechanistic details may limit a model's ability to predict ecological systems’ responses to management. Ecological studies that employ models should follow a set of model adequacy assessment protocols that include: asking a series of critical questions regarding state and control variable selection, the determinacy of data, and the sensitivity and validity of analyses. We also need to improve model elaboration, refinement and coarse graining procedures to better understand the relevancy and adequacy of our models and the role they play in advancing theory, improving hind and forecasting, and enabling problem solving and management.

Analysis of a fragmentary diatom record from Lake Van (Turkey) reveals substantial lake-level variability during previous interglacials MIS7 and MIS5e - Samuel M. North; Mona Stockhecke; Yama Tomonaga; Anson W. Mackay (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2018)

Cultural evolution and US agricultural institutions: a historical case study of Maine’s blueberry industry - Samuel P. Hanes; Timothy M. Waring (Sustainability Science, 2018)

Forest cover and level of protection influence the island-wide distribution of an apex carnivore and umbrella species, the Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) - Andrew M. Kittle; Anjali C. Watson; Samuel A. Cushman; David. W. Macdonald (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018)

Natural acidification changes the timing and rate of succession, alters community structure, and increases homogeneity in marine biofouling communities - Norah E. M. Brown; Marco Milazzo; Samuel P. S. Rastrick; Jason M. Hall‐Spencer; Thomas W. Therriault; Christopher D. G. Harley (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Ocean acidification may have far‐reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating p CO 2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate‐scale p CO 2 change and, if high p CO 2 is relieved mid‐succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of p CO 2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high p CO 2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments along a shallow water volcanic p CO 2 gradient to assess the importance of the timing and duration of high p CO 2 exposure (i.e., discrete events at different stages of successional development vs. continuous exposure) on patterns of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community. We show that succession at the acidified site was initially delayed (less community change by 8 weeks) but then caught up over the next 4 weeks. These changes in succession led to homogenization of communities maintained in or transplanted to acidified conditions, and altered community structure in ways that reflected both short‐ and longer‐term acidification history. These community shifts are likely a result of interspecific variability in response to increased p CO 2 and changes in species interactions. High p CO 2 altered biofilm development, allowing serpulids to do best at the acidified site by the end of the experiment, although early (pretransplant) negative effects of p CO 2 on recruitment of these worms were still detectable. The ascidians Diplosoma sp. and Botryllus sp. settled later and were more tolerant to acidification. Overall, transient and persistent acidification‐driven changes in the biofouling community, via both past and more recent exposure, could have important implications for ecosystem function and food web dynamics.

Nest design in a changing world: Great tit Parus major nests from a Mediterranean city environment as a case study - Marcel M. Lambrechts; Anne Charmantier; Virginie Demeyrier; Annick Lucas; Samuel Perret; Matthieu Abouladzé; Michel Bonnet; Coline Canonne; Virginie Faucon; Stéphanie Grosset; Gaëlle le Prado; Frédéric Lidon; et al. (Urban Ecosystems, 2017)

Mineral chemistry of magnetite from magnetite-apatite mineralization and their host rocks: examples from Kiruna, Sweden, and El Laco, Chile - Shannon G. Broughm; John M. Hanchar; Fernando Tornos; Anne Westhues; Samuel Attersley (Mineralium Deposita, 2017)

Genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure and effect of selection at the mitochondrial hypervariable region of Nigerian chicken populations - Abdulhakeem B. Ajibike; Oluwagbemiga O. Adeleye; Babatunde M. Ilori; Damilola A. Osinbowale; Omolola A. Adeniyi; Samuel O. Durosaro; Adeyinka J. Sanda; Oluwafunmilayo A. Adebambo; Ayotunde O. Adebambo (Journal of Genetics, 2017)

Aflatoxin risk management in commercial groundnut products in Malawi (Sub-Saharan Africa): a call for a more socially responsible industry - Kennedy Magamba; Limbikani Matumba; Grey Matita; Aggrey P. Gama; Lazarus Singano; Maurice Monjerezi; Samuel M. C. Njoroge (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2017)

Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities - Kevin R. Wilcox; Andrew T. Tredennick; Sally E. Koerner; Emily Grman; Lauren M. Hallett; Meghan L. Avolio; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Gregory R. Houseman; Forest Isbell; David Samuel Johnson; Juha M. Alatalo; Andrew H. Baldwin; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Temporal stability of ecosystem functioning increases the predictability and reliability of ecosystem services, and understanding the drivers of stability across spatial scales is important for land management and policy decisions. We used species‐level abundance data from 62 plant communities across five continents to assess mechanisms of temporal stability across spatial scales. We assessed how asynchrony (i.e. different units responding dissimilarly through time) of species and local communities stabilised metacommunity ecosystem function. Asynchrony of species increased stability of local communities, and asynchrony among local communities enhanced metacommunity stability by a wide range of magnitudes (1–315%); this range was positively correlated with the size of the metacommunity. Additionally, asynchronous responses among local communities were linked with species’ populations fluctuating asynchronously across space, perhaps stemming from physical and/or competitive differences among local communities. Accordingly, we suggest spatial heterogeneity should be a major focus for maintaining the stability of ecosystem services at larger spatial scales.

Factors Affecting Public Preferences for Grassland Landscape Heterogeneity in the Great Plains - Omkar Joshi; Terrie A. Becerra; David M. Engle; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; R. Dwayne Elmore (Environmental Management, 2017)

A Dose Ranging Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of IQP-0528 Released from Intravaginal Rings in Non-Human Primates - Jonathan T. Su; Ryan S. Teller; Priya Srinivasan; Jining Zhang; Amy Martin; Samuel Sung; James M. Smith; Patrick F. Kiser (Pharmaceutical Research, 2017)

Prioritisation of native legume species for further evaluation as potential forage crops in water-limited agricultural systems in South Africa - Francuois L. Müller; Lincoln M. Raitt; Samson B. M. Chimphango; M. Igshaan Samuels; Clement F. Cupido; J. Stephen Boatwright; Richard Knight; Marike Trytsman (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2017)

Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex - Tulio Guadalupe; Samuel R. Mathias; Theo G. M. vanErp; Christopher D. Whelan; Marcel P. Zwiers; Yoshinari Abe; Lucija Abramovic; Ingrid Agartz; Ole A. Andreassen; Alejandro Arias-Vásquez; Benjamin S. Aribisala; Nicola J. Armstrong; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Genomic and antigenic relationships between two ‘HoBi’-like strains and other members of the Pestivirus genus - Ana Cristina S. Mósena; Samuel P. Cibulski; Matheus N. Weber; Simone Silveira; Mariana S. Silva; Fabiana Q. Mayer; Paulo M. Roehe; Cláudio W. Canal (Archives of Virology, 2017)

Conserving threatened riparian ecosystems in the American West: Precipitation gradients and river networks drive genetic connectivity and diversity in a foundation riparian tree ( Populus angustifolia ) - Helen M. Bothwell; Samuel A. Cushman; Scott A. Woolbright; Erika I. Hersch‐Green; Luke M. Evans; Thomas G. Whitham; Gerard J. Allan (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Gene flow is an evolutionary process that supports genetic connectivity and contributes to the capacity of species to adapt to environmental change. Yet, for most species, little is known about the specific environmental factors that influence genetic connectivity, or their effects on genetic diversity and differentiation. We used a landscape genetic approach to understand how geography and climate influence genetic connectivity in a foundation riparian tree ( Populus angustifolia ), and their relationships with specieswide patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation. Using multivariate restricted optimization in a reciprocal causal modelling framework, we quantified the relative contributions of riparian network connectivity, terrestrial upland resistance and climate gradients on genetic connectivity. We found that (i) all riparian corridors, regardless of river order, equally facilitated connectivity, while terrestrial uplands provided 2.5× more resistance to gene flow than riparian corridors. (ii) Cumulative differences in precipitation seasonality and precipitation of the warmest quarter were the primary climatic factors driving genetic differentiation; furthermore, maximum climate resistance was 45× greater than riparian resistance. (iii) Genetic diversity was positively correlated with connectivity ( R 2 = 0.3744, p = .0019), illustrating the utility of resistance models for identifying landscape conditions that can support a species' ability to adapt to environmental change. From these results, we present a map highlighting key genetic connectivity corridors across P. angustifolia's range that if disrupted could have long‐term ecological and evolutionary consequences. Our findings provide recommendations for conservation and restoration management of threatened riparian ecosystems throughout the western USA and the high biodiversity they support.

Rib Geometry Explains Variation in Dynamic Structural Response: Potential Implications for Frontal Impact Fracture Risk - Michelle M. Murach; Yun-Seok Kang; Samuel D. Goldman; Michelle A. Schafman; Stephen H. Schlecht; Kevin Moorhouse; John H. Bolte; Amanda M. Agnew (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

The euphotic zone under Arctic Ocean sea ice: Vertical extents and seasonal trends - Samuel R. Laney; Richard A. Krishfield; John. M. Toole (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Eight Ice‐Tethered Profilers were deployed in the Arctic Ocean between 2011 and 2013 to measure vertical distributions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and other bio‐optical properties in ice‐covered water columns, multiple times a day over periods of up to a year. With the radiometers used on these profilers, PAR could be measured to depths of only ∼20–40 m in the central Arctic in late summer under sea ice ∼1 m thick. At lower latitudes in the Beaufort Gyre, late summer PAR was measurable under ice to depths exceeding 125 m. The maximum depths of measurable PAR followed seasonal trends in insolation, with isolumes shoaling in the fall as solar elevation decreased and deepening in spring and early summer after insolation resumed and sea ice diminished. PAR intensities were often anomalously low above 20 m, likely due to a shading effect associated with local horizontal heterogeneity in light transmittance by the overlying sea ice. A model was developed to parameterize these complex vertical PAR distributions to improve estimates of the water column diffuse attenuation coefficient and other related parameters. Such a model is necessary to separate the effect of surface ice heterogeneity on under‐ice PAR profiles from that of the water column itself, so that euphotic zone depth in ice‐covered water columns can be computed using canonical metrics such as the 1% light level. Water column diffuse attenuation coefficients derived from such autonomously‐collected PAR profile data, using this model, agreed favorably with values determined manually in complementary studies.

A globally deployable strategy for co-development of adaptation preferences to sea-level rise: the public participation case of Santos, Brazil - Jose A. Marengo; Luci H. Nunes; Celia R. G. Souza; Joseph Harari; Frank Muller-Karger; Roberto Greco; Eduardo K. Hosokawa; Ernesto K. Tabuchi; Samuel B. Merrill; Catherine J. Reynolds; Mark Pelling; Lincoln M. Alves; et al. (Natural Hazards, 2017)

Stratagems employed for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid removal from polluted water sources - Evy Alice Abigail M; Melvin Samuel S; Santhanam Needhidasan; Chidambaram Ramalingam (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2017)

Coffee consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma - Samuel O. Antwi; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow; Nancy D. Diehl; Daniel J. Serie; Kaitlynn M. Custer; Michelle L. Arnold; Kevin J. Wu; John C. Cheville; David D. Thiel; Bradley C. Leibovich; Alexander S. Parker (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Inhalation of gas metal arc–stainless steel welding fume promotes lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice - Lauryn M. Falcone; Aaron Erdely; Terence G. Meighan; Lori A. Battelli; Rebecca Salmen; Walter McKinney; Samuel Stone; Amy Cumpston; Jared Cumpston; Ronnee N. Andrews; Michael Kashon; James M. Antonini; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Bradyrhizobium centrolobii and Bradyrhizobium macuxiense sp. nov. isolated from Centrolobium paraense grown in soil of Amazonia, Brazil - Daniele C. Michel; Samuel R. Passos; Jean L. Simões-Araujo; Alexandre C. Baraúna; Krisle da Silva; Marcia M. Parma; Itamar S. Melo; Sofie E. De Meyer; Graham O’Hara; Jerri E. Zilli (Archives of Microbiology, 2017)

Molecular diversity and distribution of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean dogfishes Squalus highlight taxonomic issues in the genus - Ana Veríssimo; Diana Zaera‐Perez; Rob Leslie; Samuel P. Iglésias; Bernard Séret; Panagiotis Grigoriou; Aspasia Sterioti; Chrysoula Gubili; Claudio Barría; Clinton Duffy; Sebastián Hernández; Ioannis E. Batjakas; et al. (Zoologica Scripta, 2017)
The alpha taxonomy of the globally distributed shark genus Squalus has been under intense investigation recently, and many new species have been described over the last decade. However, taxonomic uncertainty remains about several taxa. Without consistent nomenclature and the ability to reliably distinguish between the different Squalus species, basic data collection, downstream conservation and management efforts are seriously compromised. To aid in clarifying the taxonomic status of Squalus species in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, we assessed species diversity at the molecular level and evaluated the consistency in species identification in the region. Samples from all nominal Squalus species recognized in the above regions were collected in an international effort and sequenced for regions of the mitochondrial COI and ND 2 genes. These data were further analysed alongside publicly available sequences, including 19 of the 26 Squalus species globally recognized, to compare the regional genus‐level diversity with that found elsewhere. Our results confirm inconsistent species identification in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Squalus , particularly concerning S. blainville and S. megalops , and reinforce the need to revise the status of S. megalops and S. mitsukurii as they may include several distinct species distributed around the world. The status of S. blainville is also discussed in the light of the current findings and its problematic taxonomic history.

Deciphering conjugative plasmid permissiveness in wastewater microbiomes - Samuel Jacquiod; Asker Brejnrod; Stefan M. Morberg; Waleed Abu Al‐Soud; Søren J. Sørensen; Leise Riber (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to robustly treat polluted water. They are characterized by ceaseless flows of organic, chemical and microbial matter, followed by treatment steps before environmental release. WWTPs are hotspots of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria via conjugative plasmids, leading to dissemination of potentially hazardous genetic material such as antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs). While current focus is on the threat of AMRGs spreading and their environmental maintenance, conjugative plasmid transfer dynamics within and between bacterial communities still remains largely uncharted. Furthermore, current in vitro methods used to assess conjugation in complex microbiomes do not include in situ behaviours of recipient cells, resulting in partial understanding of transfers. We investigated the in vitro conjugation capacities of WWTP microbiomes from inlet sewage and outlet treated water using the broad‐host range IncP‐1 conjugative plasmid, pKJK5. A thorough molecular approach coupling metagenomes to 16S rRNA DNA/cDNA amplicon sequencing was established to characterize microbiomes using the ecological concept of functional response groups. A broad diversity of recipient bacterial phyla for the plasmid was observed, especially in WWTP outlets. We also identified permissive bacteria potentially able to cross WWTPs and engage in conjugation before and after water treatment. Bacterial activity and lifestyle seem to influence conjugation extent, as treated water copiotrophs were the most represented strategist amongst transconjugants. Correlation analysis highlighted possible plasmid transmission routes into communities between the sewage to the environment, with identification of keystone members (e.g., Arcobacter ) potentially involved in cross‐border exchanges between distant Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative phyla.

Ungulate copiparvovirus 2 in healthy and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs - Samuel P. Cibulski; Thais F. Teixeira; Ana Paula M. Varela; Camila M. Scheffer; Helton F. Santos; Francisco E. S. Lima; Paulo M. Roehe (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2017)

Methodological perspectives on the application of compound-specific stable isotope fingerprinting for sediment source apportionment - Hari R. Upadhayay; Samuel Bodé; Marco Griepentrog; Dries Huygens; Roshan M. Bajracharya; William H. Blake; Gerd Dercon; Lionel Mabit; Max Gibbs; Brice X. Semmens; Brian C. Stock; Wim Cornelis; et al. (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2017)

Differential effects of early-life nutrient restriction in long-lived GHR-KO and normal mice - Yimin Fang; Samuel McFadden; Justin Darcy; Cristal M. Hill; Joshua A. Huber; Steve Verhulst; John J. Kopchick; Richard A. Miller; Liou Y. Sun; Andrzej Bartke (GeroScience, 2017)

The effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training on markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary populations - Nicholas G. Allen; Samuel M. Higham; Amy E. Mendham; Tegan E. Kastelein; Penelope S. Larsen; Rob Duffield (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Population genetic structure and adaptation of malaria parasites on the edge of endemic distribution - Craig W. Duffy; Hampate Ba; Samuel Assefa; Ambroise D. Ahouidi; Yacine B. Deh; Abderahmane Tandia; Freja C. M. Kirsebom; Dominic P. Kwiatkowski; David J. Conway (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
To determine whether the major human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits fragmented population structure or local adaptation at the northern limit of its African distribution where the dry Sahel zone meets the Sahara, samples were collected from diverse locations within Mauritania over a range of ~1000 km. Microsatellite genotypes were obtained for 203 clinical infection samples from eight locations, and Illumina paired‐end sequences were obtained to yield high coverage genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) data for 65 clinical infection samples from four locations. Most infections contained single parasite genotypes, reflecting low rates of transmission and superinfection locally, in contrast to the situation seen in population samples from countries further south. A minority of infections shared related or identical genotypes locally, indicating some repeated transmission of parasite clones without recombination. This caused some multilocus linkage disequilibrium and local divergence, but aside from the effect of repeated genotypes there was minimal differentiation between locations. Several chromosomal regions had elevated integrated haplotype scores (| iHS |) indicating recent selection, including those containing drug resistance genes. A genomewide F ST scan comparison with previous sequence data from an area in West Africa with higher infection endemicity indicates that regional gene flow prevents genetic isolation, but revealed allele frequency differentiation at three drug resistance loci and an erythrocyte invasion ligand gene. Contrast of extended haplotype signatures revealed none to be unique to Mauritania. Discrete foci of infection on the edge of the Sahara are genetically highly connected to the wider continental parasite population, and local elimination would be difficult to achieve without very substantial reduction in malaria throughout the region.

Does Aquaculture Support the Needs of Nutritionally Vulnerable Nations? - Christopher D. Golden; Katherine L. Seto; Madan M. Dey; Oai L. Chen; Jessica A. Gephart; Samuel S. Myers; Matthew Smith; Bapu Vaitla; Edward H. Allison (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia - Samuel M. C. Njoroge; Limbikani Matumba; Kennedy Kanenga; Moses Siambi; Farid Waliyar; Joseph Maruwo; Norah Machinjiri; Emmanuel S. Monyo (Mycotoxin Research, 2017)

Neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation receive converging inputs from the hindlimb and labyrinth - Derek M. Miller; William M. DeMayo; George H. Bourdages; Samuel R. Wittman; Bill J. Yates; Andrew A. McCall (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

Design Considerations of a Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor Protective Housing for Intramuscular Pressure Measurements - Shanette A. Go; Elisabeth R. Jensen; Shawn M. O’Connor; Loribeth Q. Evertz; Duane A. Morrow; Samuel R. Ward; Richard L. Lieber; Kenton R. Kaufman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales - Kim M. Pepin; Shannon L. Kay; Ben D. Golas; Susan S. Shriner; Amy T. Gilbert; Ryan S. Miller; Andrea L. Graham; Steven Riley; Paul C. Cross; Michael D. Samuel; Mevin B. Hooten; Jennifer A. Hoeting; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Our ability to infer unobservable disease‐dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time‐averaged value and are based on population‐level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within‐host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within‐host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short‐lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual‐level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI . Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population‐level FOI signal can be recovered from individual‐level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual‐level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross‐scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual‐based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population‐level dynamics of disease.

Genome characterization of a bovine papillomavirus type 5 from cattle in the Amazon region, Brazil - Flavio R. C. da Silva; Cíntia Daudt; Samuel P. Cibulski; Matheus N. Weber; Ana Paula M. Varela; Fabiana Q. Mayer; Paulo M. Roehe; Cláudio W. Canal (Virus Genes, 2017)

Zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas9 RNA successfully modifies the target gene without delaying blastocyst development or altering the sex ratio in pigs - Kristin M. Whitworth; Joshua A. Benne; Lee D. Spate; Stephanie L. Murphy; Melissa S. Samuel; Clifton N. Murphy; Jürgen A. Richt; Eric Walters; Randall S. Prather; Kevin D. Wells (Transgenic Research, 2017)

Response to Druwe and Burgoon, 2016 Letter to the Editor in Archives of Toxicology - Samuel M. Cohen; Jay I. Goodman; James E. Klaunig; Lora L. Arnold (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Predatory beetles in cacao agroforestry systems in Brazilian Atlantic forest: a test of the natural enemy hypothesis - Samuel M. A. Novais; Luiz E. Macedo-Reis; Frederico S. Neves (Agroforestry Systems, 2017)

Variability of runoff‐based drought conditions in the conterminous U nited S tates - Gregory J. McCabe; David M. Wolock; Samuel H. Austin (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
In this study, a monthly water‐balance model is used to simulate monthly runoff for 2109 hydrologic units ( HUs ) in the conterminous United States ( CONUS ) for water‐years 1901 through 2014. The monthly runoff time series for each HU were smoothed with a 3‐month moving average, and then the 3‐month moving‐average runoff values were converted to percentiles. For each HU , a drought was considered to occur when the HU runoff percentile dropped to the 20th percentile or lower. A drought was considered to end when the HU runoff percentile exceeded the 20th percentile. After identifying drought events for each HU , the frequency and length of drought events were examined. Results indicated that (1) the longest mean drought lengths occur in the eastern CONUS and parts of the Rocky Mountain region and the northwestern CONUS , (2) the frequency of drought is highest in the southwestern and central CONUS , and lowest in the eastern CONUS , the Rocky Mountain region, and the northwestern CONUS , (3) droughts have occurred during all months of the year and there does not appear to be a seasonal pattern to drought occurrence, (4) the variability of precipitation appears to have been the principal climatic factor determining drought, and (5) for most of the CONUS , drought frequency appears to have decreased during the 1901 through 2014 period.

Philopatry and Regional Connectivity of the Great Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna mokarran in the U.S. and Bahamas - Tristan L. Guttridge; Maurits P. M. Van Zinnicq Bergmann; Chris Bolte; Lucy A. Howey; Jean S. Finger; Steven T. Kessel; Jill L. Brooks; William Winram; Mark E. Bond; Lance K. B. Jordan; Rachael C. Cashman; Emily R. Tolentino; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Long-term changes in the spatial distribution of lumpy skin disease hotspots in Zimbabwe - Samuel Swiswa; Mhosisi Masocha; Davies M. Pfukenyi; Solomon Dhliwayo; Silvester M. Chikerema (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2017)

Dysregulation of ErbB Receptor Trafficking and Signaling in Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease - Samuel M. Lee; Lih-Shen Chin; Lian Li (Molecular Neurobiology, 2017)

Blubber cortisol qualitatively reflects circulating cortisol concentrations in bottlenose dolphins - Cory D. Champagne; Nicholas M. Kellar; Daniel E. Crocker; Samuel K. Wasser; Rebecca K. Booth; Marisa L. Trego; Dorian S. Houser (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)
Stress hormones, released into circulation as a consequence of disturbance, are classically assayed from blood samples but may also be detected in a variety of matrices. Blubber and fecal samples can be remotely collected from free‐ranging cetaceans without the confounding hormone elevations associated with chase, capture, and handling required to collect blood samples. The relationship between cortisol concentrations in circulation with that of blubber and feces, however, is unknown. To assess these associations, we elevated cortisol by orally administering hydrocortisone for five days in five bottlenose dolphins. Voluntary blood and fecal samples were collected daily; blubber biopsies were collected on day one, just prior to hydrocortisone administration, and days three and five of hydrocortisone administration. We evaluated subsequent changes in several circulating stress hormones as well as cortisol and glucocorticoid metabolites in blubber and feces, respectively. There was a significant association between cortisol levels in serum and in blubber ( F 1,12.7 = 14.3, P mR 2 = 0.57) despite substantial variability in blubber cortisol levels. Counterintuitively, fecal cortisol metabolite levels were inversely related to serum cortisol. The relationship between serum and blubber cortisol levels suggests blubber samples from remote sampling may be useful to detect stress loads in this species.