Variation in sex expression and flower development in Piper nigrum (black pepper) assessed with micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy - Nilni A. Wimalarathna; Maria Von Balthazar; Anushka M. Wickramasuriya; Mark W. Chase; Rosabelle Samuel; Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa; Dharshani Bandupriya; Tara D. Silva (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2025)

From ocean to meadow: A circular bioeconomy by transforming seaweed, seagrass, grass, and straw waste into high-value products - Rodrigo Salvador; M. Lynn Eriksen; Niels C. Kjaersgaard; Michael Hedegaard; Torben Knudby; Victor Lund; Samuel B. Larsen (Waste Management, 2025)

Skull roof anatomy of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) acipenseriform †Gyrosteus mirabilis Woodward ex Agassiz, from Yorkshire, England, elucidates diversity of †Chondrosteidae - Samuel L.A. Cooper; Megan Jacobs; Lucrezia Ferrari; David M. Martill (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2025)

Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of a novel GO/Bi2SO5/AgBr ternary heterojunction for the degradation of tetracycline and rhodamine B - Adewumi O. Oluwole; Tunde L. Yusuf; Shepherd M. Tichapondwa; Michael O. Daramola; Samuel A. Iwarere (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Behavior of free-floating macrophyte masses of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes in the absorption of contaminants in a eutrophic freshwater system in central Mexico - Felipe Mendoza-Mora; M. A. Velázquez-Machuca; P. F. Rodríguez-Espinosa; Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita; Juan Alberto Alcántara-Cárdenas; Lorena Elizabeth Campos Villegas; Jacobo Tabla-Hernandez; Samuel Pérez-Rodríguez (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2025)

Imaging of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Review of Standard and Advanced Imaging Techniques - Sricharan S. Veeturi; Samuel Hall; Soichiro Fujimura; Mahmud Mossa-Basha; Elena Sagues; Edgar A. Samaniego; Vincent M. Tutino (Translational Stroke Research, 2025)

Impact of food system interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults in Nigeria and Vietnam - Giulia Pastori; Elise F. Talsma; Edith J. M. Feskens; Le Thi Huong; Folake O. Samuel; Oluyemisi F. Shittu; Toluwalope E. Eyinla; Alan de Brauw; Kate Ambler; Sigrid Wertheim-Heck; Ricardo Hernandez; Brice Even; et al. (Food Security, 2025)
Fruit and vegetable consumption is below the WHO recommendations, globally, in Southeast Asia, and in West Africa. Affordability, accessibility, and acceptability are the main drivers of consumption. Nutrition-sensitive food system interventions that address these drivers may be effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. This study evaluates the effect of an integrated nutrition-sensitive program that aimed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income urban adults in Hanoi, Vietnam ( n = 582), and Ibadan, Nigeria ( n = 626), through the simultaneous implementation of three interventions at the market and consumer levels. Fruit and vegetable intake data were collected after eight months of exposure to the program with repeated quantitative 24-hour recalls and exposure effect was estimated with inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment, adjusting for potential confounders. The impact size on total fruits and vegetables (144 g/d, 95%CI 93, 196), fruits (137 g/d, 95%CI 93, 183) and vegetables (6 g/d, 95%CI -12, 24) showed that intake was higher in the exposed Nigerian population than the control group. In Vietnam, intakes of fruits and vegetables in the exposed group did not statistically differ from the control group when controlling for differences between groups with propensity scores. Participants exposed to all three interventions reported slightly higher intakes compared to those who were exposed to fewer interventions, but these differences were not statistically significant. Integrated approaches of nutrition-sensitive food system interventions need to be implemented to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Co-creation of interventions provides the possibility to address the different drivers and barriers of healthy diets specific of the context.

Challenges for coral restoration in Southwestern Atlantic reefs: guidelines for ethical and sustainable practices - Miguel Mies; Guilherme O. Longo; Adalto Bianchini; Emiliano N. Calderon; Clovis B. Castro; Samuel C. Faria; Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho; Flávia M. Guebert; Marcelo V. Kitahara; Carlos H. F. Lacerda; Tito M. C. Lotufo; Laura F. B. Marangoni; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)

Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spartinae and assessment of bacterial assemblages in infected smooth cordgrass roots - Janete A. Brito; Samuel J. Martins; Amy Michaud; Sergei A. Subbotin; Silvia Vau; Josephine M. Pasche; Ruimin Xue; Jason D. Stanley (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2025)

Effect of temperature on metabolic stress and recovery of two Argyrosomus species from simulated catch‐and‐release angling - Brett A. Pringle; Murray I. Duncan; Alexander C. Winkler; Samuel Mafwila; Charmaine Jagger; Niall J. McKeown; Paul W. Shaw; Romina Henriques; Warren M. Potts (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2025)
Catch‐and‐release (C&R) angling has grown in popularity due to increasing numbers of conservation‐minded anglers and regulations of recreational fisheries. C&R is often assumed to cause low mortality but can cause physiological and physical impairment. Fish metabolism and temperature interact to play a critical role in the biological functioning of fish. Understanding the relationship between temperature, fish metabolism, and physiological impairment is important for effective fisheries management and conservation, particularly for C&R angling in a changing thermal environment. We used respirometry to quantify post‐release metabolic stress and recovery of two popular Namibian angling species ( Argyrosomus inodorus and A. coronus ) subjected to simulated C&R angling across a range of temperatures. Metabolic stress and recovery time did not differ significantly between warm ( A. coronus ) and cold‐water ( A. inodorus ) species at any test temperature. However, several specimens of both species failed to recover physiologically and physically after 10 hours, thereby indicating C&R‐related impairment and potential for mortality. Given the predator‐rich environment of coastal waters in Namibia, best C&R practices are needed to minimise post‐release mortality.

Interspecific carnivore competition and ungulate predation correlate with predator species richness - Nathaniel H. Wehr; Hailey M. Boone; Merijn van den Bosch; Alejandra Zubiria Perez; Katelyn L. Wehr; Samuel R. Wehr; Jerrold L. Belant (Ecology, 2025)
Competition for resources underlies the development of ecological community structure and function. Niche compression occurs when species reduce resource use due to competition, and niche complementarity posits resource competition should occur sequentially among habitat, time, and food. Within this context, interspecific predator competition can be influenced by prey characteristics and landscape attributes. We examined drivers of interspecific competition among carnivores using a database of North American ungulate cause‐specific mortality published during 1970–2021. We used weighted logit‐linked beta‐binomial generalized linear mixed models to assess the influence of seven predator species, ungulate age class, and landscape characteristics (i.e., human footprint, terrain ruggedness, and forest cover) on ungulate predation mortality. We predicted that (1) predation by individual predator species would decrease with increasing predator species richness mediated by predator size, (2) landscape characteristics would mediate predation by individual predator species, and (3) juvenile ungulate predation would increase with increasing predator species richness. As predator species richness increased, the proportions of predation attributed to individual predator species decreased, but the overall proportion of ungulate mortality attributed to predation increased. Juvenile ungulates experienced greater predation mortality than adults, with smaller predators predating proportionally more juveniles than larger predators. Landscape metrics altered observed predation patterns among caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ), wherein predation corresponded to terrain ruggedness but not predator species richness, and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ), wherein predation increased with greater forest cover. We provide evidence for niche compression and complementarity using a top–down predator‐centric approach by showing compression in prey resources and increased predation mortality with increasing predator species richness. However, landscape characteristics had limited effects on predator competition at large spatial extents, which counters niche complementarity. Collectively, our results support the importance of large predators to ecosystem structure and efforts to conserve and restore predator guilds.

In vitro antitumor effects of aqueous extract and protease inhibitors from Sterculia striata st. Hil. et naud and metabolite profiling - Tadeu F. Braga Junior; Nerilson M. Lima; Gabriela P. Carli; Roberta M Cachuba; Gracimério J Guarneire; Beatriz J Tabai; Roberta M Abrão; Samuel G Barbosa; Lucas S. Machado; Jander S Nunes; Fabiana S. Machado; Teresinha de Jesus A. S. Andrade; et al. (Natural Product Research, 2025)

Solid rocket motor insulation adhesives with sporicidal activity promote planetary protection for deep space missions - Natalie R. Williams; Morgan R. Sisk; Thomas P. Lampton; Yo-Ann Velez Justiniano; Samuel W. Harris; Courtney M. Higgins; Zahra A. Hooda; Gianni Z. Parello; Ashley E. DeSilva; Chelsi D. Cassilly; Mark H. Bray; Mark R. Liles (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2025)

Probabilistic optimization of pavement preventive maintenance using multi-objective genetic algorithm - Mohamed S. Yamany; Dulcy M. Abraham; Mario Ventresca; Tommy Nantung; Samuel Labi (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2025)

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Amanda E. Bates; Viviana Brambilla; Jonathan M. Chase; Cher F. Y. Chow; Ada Fontrodona‐Eslava; Anne E. Magurran; Inês S. Martins; Faye Moyes; Alban Sagouis; Samuel Adu‐Acheampong; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms - Kevin F. A. Darras; Rodney A. Rountree; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Anna F. Cord; Frederik Pitz; Youfang Chen; Lijun Dong; Agnès Rocquencourt; Camille Desjonquères; Patrick Mauritz Diaz; Tzu‐Hao Lin; Théophile Turco; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio‐temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross‐realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.

Cerebral hypoperfusion, brain structural integrity, and cognitive impairment in older APOE4 carriers - Ioannis Pappas; Trevor Lohman; Shubir Dutt; Arunima Kapoor; Allison C. Engstrom; John Paul M. Alitin; Samuel Barnes; Ararat Chakhoyan; Lucas Saca; Raghav Gaggar; Elnaz Nourollahimoghadam; Danny J. J. Wang; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits, cognitive decline, and brain structural changes have been reported in older adults with and without apolipoprotein E-e4 ( APOE4 )-related risk for dementia. However, it remains unclear whether brain structural changes mediate the effects of hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment in APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. We studied 166 (60–89 years) APOE4 carriers (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) and APOE3 homozygotes (e3/e3) with and without cognitive impairment by clinical dementia rating (CDR) and neuropsychological testing. Pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling-MRI assessed regional CBF, and T1-anatomical and diffusion-MRI assessed structural integrity. Mediation analyses examined relationships among grey matter CBF, grey matter volume, and white matter integrity in regions underlying impairment in distinct cognitive ability domains. APOE4 carriers with global/memory impairment (CDR 0.5) exhibited decreased CBF in the posterior cingulate, decreased grey matter volume in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate, and decreased white matter integrity in the cingulum relative to APOE4 carriers with no impairment (CDR 0). Mediation analysis in APOE4 carriers indicated decreased posterior cingulate CBF effects on global/memory impairment were mediated by decreased cingulum integrity. In the combined APOE4 and APOE3 carriers sample, there were direct effects of frontal and inferior parietal CBF and superior longitudinal fasciculus integrity on attention/executive impairment. There were also direct effects of left inferior frontal CBF on language impairment. Findings suggest links between hypoperfusion and brain structural integrity underlying global/memory impairment in APOE4 carriers. Independent CBF relationships with structural integrity are also identified across genotypes and impairment domains.

Higher-harmonic contributions to surface elevation, kinematics, and wave loads in wave packets across an abrupt depth transition - Charlotte S. Moss; David M. Schultz; Ben Parkes; Yan Li; Samuel Draycott (Coastal Engineering, 2025)

Identification of polymorphisms and genetic diversity studies of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3) gene in Muturu,White Fulani and N’Dama cattle - Abubakar A. Mohammed; Michael O. Ozoje; John S. De Campos; Christian O. Ikeobi; Adewale O. Talabi; Samuel O. Durosaro; Babatunde M. Ilori; Johnson A. Aderoju (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

Genetic advancements and future directions in ruminant livestock breeding: from reference genomes to multiomics innovations - Songsong Xu; Zhanerke Akhatayeva; Jiaxin Liu; Xueyan Feng; Yi Yu; Bouabid Badaoui; Ali Esmailizadeh; Juha Kantanen; Marcel Amills; Johannes A. Lenstra; Anna M. Johansson; David W. Coltman; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2025)

Groundwater geochemical evolution, origin and quality in the Lower Pra Basin, Ghana: Insights from hydrogeochemistry, multivariate statistical analysis, mineral saturation indices, stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) and geostatistical analysis - Samuel Y. Ganyaglo; Joel Y. Binyiako; Emmanuel M. Teye; Abass Gibrilla; Dickson Abdul-Wahab; Samuel Edusei; Paulina Amponsah; Courage D. Egbi; Samuel B. Dampare; Ebenezer Aquisman Asare (Acta Geochimica, 2025)

Do Chemosynthetic and Coral Communities Defy Deep‐Sea Ecological Paradigms? - Erik E. Cordes; Ryan Gasbarro; Andrea M. Quattrini; April Stabbins; Samuel E. Georgian; Robert S. Carney; Charles R. Fisher (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Broad biodiversity patterns (e.g., the latitudinal diversity gradient) are cornerstones of ecology that are fundamental in understanding the distribution of life on the planet. In the deep sea, declining faunal abundance/biomass with depth and a mid‐continental slope diversity maximum are among the most well‐defined patterns. However, they have largely been tested with samples of sediment faunal communities. Here, we synthesise new biomass, density, and diversity data with existing data from chemosynthetic and cold‐water coral (CWC) communities spanning > 3000 m depth to test the validity of these paradigmatic hypotheses in deep‐sea communities associated with hard substrata. Location Continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico (~200–4000 m depth). Time Period Present day. Major Taxa Studied Deep‐sea macrofaunal communities associated with soft‐sediment and hardgrounds (e.g., CWCs and cold seeps). Methods Relationships between macrofaunal abundance and biodiversity versus depth were tested with Generalised Additive Models. Habitat suitability model outputs were used to assess changes in CWC habitat over depth. Beta diversity partitioning was used to quantify richness and replacement components of community turnover with depth. Results We did not find support for these paradigmatic patterns in either chemosynthetic or CWC communities; instead, we found idiosyncratic biodiversity patterns with high abundance and diversity maintained across depths. Main Conclusions Our results suggest that seascape‐scale biodiversity patterns of the seafloor should be reappraised with due consideration for geological and biogenic habitat heterogeneity. We discuss the roles of localised energy sources, nutrient recycling/retention, and species adaptations as potential drivers of the high biodiversity and steady or increasing abundance at depths with relatively little sinking detrital carbon. Our results have major implications for the management of regional and global marine biodiversity, with the increasing evidence that chemosynthetic, cold‐water coral, and other hard‐substratum ecosystems are widespread throughout the global ocean and increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and climate stressors.

An improved method for quantitatively measuring antifouling coating performance using a mussel single thread tensile adhesion test - Samuel M. Pennell; Thomas B. LeFevre; Jonathan Bennett; Wilaiwan Chouyyok; Joseph D. Daddona; Raymond S. Addleman; Curtis J. Larimer; George T. Bonheyo (Biofouling, 2025)

A modified formulation of Zoono GermFree24 antiseptic liquid has enhanced efficacy against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Samuel J. M. Hale; Christian A. Lux; Raymond Kim; Kristi Biswas; Brett Wagner Mackenzie; Richard G. Douglas (Biofouling, 2025)

Deciphering the the molecular mechanism of aloe-emodin in managing type II diabetes mellitus using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation approaches - Samuel Baker Obakiro; Kenedy Kiyimba; Yahaya Gavamukulya; Richard Maseruka; Catherine Nabitandikwa; Ronald Kibuuka; Jalia Lulenzi; Tonny Wotoyitide Lukwago; Mercy Chebijira; Moses Opio; Edeya Sharon Tracy; Dan Kibuule; et al. (In Silico Pharmacology, 2025)

Measurement of urban vitality with time-lapsed street-view images and object-detection for scalable assessment of pedestrian-sidewalk dynamics - Ricky Nathvani; Alicia Cavanaugh; Esra Suel; Honor Bixby; Sierra N. Clark; Antje Barbara Metzler; James Nimo; Josephine Bedford Moses; Solomon Baah; Raphael E. Arku; Brian E. Robinson; Jill Baumgartner; et al. (ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2025)

Attribute recognition: A new method for grouping planetary images by visual characteristics, using the example of Mn-rich rocks in the floor of Gale crater, Mars - Ari Essunfeld; Jade M. Comellas; Reid A. Morris; Patrick J. Gasda; Dorothea Delapp; Diane Oyen; Candice C. Bedford; Benton C. Clark; Erwin Dehouck; Ryan B. Anderson; Ana Lomashvili; Roger C. Wiens; et al. (Icarus, 2025)

Nutrient limitation and seasonality associated with phytoplankton communities and cyanotoxin production in a large, hypereutrophic lake - Gabriella M. Lawson; Jakob L. Young; Zachary T. Aanderud; Erin F. Jones; Samuel Bratsman; Jonathan Daniels; Madeleine P. Malmfeldt; Michelle A. Baker; Benjamin W. Abbott; Scott Daly; Hans W. Paerl; Greg Carling; et al. (Harmful Algae, 2025)

Eco-phenological drivers of black gram (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper) productivity in diverse environments and their implications for crop improvement - Ashok K. Parihar; Kali Krishna Hazra; Amrit Lamichaney; Debjyoti Sen Gupta; Anil K. Singh; Jai Dev; Samuel Jaberson; Ajaj A. Lone; S.P. Das; Shayla Bindra; R.K. Panwar; Ashok Kumar; et al. (Field Crops Research, 2025)

Correction: Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model - Samuel Abiodun Kehinde; Abosede Temitope Olajide; Tolulope Peter Fatokun; Dalia Fouad; Najah R. Hadi; Ahmed M. Elgazzar; Adewale Segun James; Mohamed H. Mazhar Ashour (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model - Samuel Abiodun Kehinde; Abosede Temitope Olajide; Tolulope Peter Fatokun; Dalia Fouad; Najah R. Hadi; Ahmed M. Elgazzar; Adewale Segun James; Mohamed H. Mazhar Ashour (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Potential Crawling Distance for an Invading Urban Tree Pest: Implications for Settling Decisions and Between-Tree Movement - Erika R. Wright; David E. Long; Kristy M. McAndrew; Thomas G. Paul; Afsoon Sabet; Isaac O. Riggins; Ariadna Santos Chaves; Rebecca M. Ward; Samuel F. Ward (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2025)
Scale insects are prevalent urban landscape pests and are considered to move between neighboring trees via wind-aided and phoretic dispersal by cryptic, short-lived crawlers. Crawling likely plays a central role in these dispersal processes by shaping their ability to move onto phoretic hosts or to locate host plants and/or settling locations after being blown off a tree. Additionally, walking capabilities of crawlers drive on-tree movement, such as how far they disperse before settling. Here, we studied movement of the damaging, non-native crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS), Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae). We aimed to determine survival times for crawlers under starved conditions, evaluated crawler walking distances on various substrates, and combined survival times and walking distances from these experiments to simulate potential walking distances over the lifetime of the crawler stage and 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72-h intervals. We found that half of the crawlers survived approximately three days, with < 25% surviving up to seven days. On different substrates, crawlers walked five times farther on average on carboard than white posterboard over 15-min periods; crawling distances did not significantly vary during 5-min trials using colored construction paper, however. Combining these results, we estimated crawlers could move a median distance of 62 m (range: 2–211 m) if they walked for the entirety of their life as a crawler. These findings provide insight into a vulnerable life stage of scale insects and suggest that crawlers blown off of trees could walk to new hosts and easily move between adjacent trees.

Identifying Priority Science Information Needs for Managing Public Lands - Sarah K. Carter; Travis S. Haby; Ella M. Samuel; Alison C. Foster; Jennifer K. Meineke; Laine E. McCall; Malia K. Burton; Christopher T. Domschke; Leigh D. Espy; Megan A. Gilbert (Environmental Management, 2025)

Climate change risk assessment for adaptation planning in Indian agriculture - C. A. R. Rao; B. M. K. Raju; A. Islam; AVMS Rao; K. V. Rao; R. C. Gajjala; N. K. Ramaraju; P. Matyam; S. R. Kotha; S. Bhaskar; S. K. Chaudhari; V. K. Singh; et al. (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2025)

Identifying gaps in the conservation of small wild cats of Southeast Asia - Luca Chiaverini; David W. Macdonald; Andrew J. Hearn; Żaneta Kaszta; Eric Ash; Özgün Emre Can; Phan Channa; Susan M. Cheyne; Gopalasamy Reuben Clements; Iding Achmad Haidir; Jan F. Kamler; Pyae Phyoe Kyaw; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)
Southeast Asia hosts more felid species than any other region and, although smaller (

Socioecological drivers of injuries and aggression in female and male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - Melissa A. Pavez-Fox; Erin R. Siracusa; Samuel Ellis; Clare M. Kimock; Nahiri Rivera-Barreto; Josue E. Negron-Del Valle; Daniel Phillips; Angelina Ruiz-Lambides; Noah Snyder-Mackler; James P. Higham; Delphine De Moor; Lauren J. N. Brent (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2025)
Competition over access to resources, such as food and mates, is one of the major costs associated with group living. Two socioecological factors believed to drive the intensity of competition are group size and sex ratio. However, empirical evidence linking these factors to physical aggression and injuries is scarce. Here, we leveraged 10 years of data from free-ranging female and male rhesus macaques to test whether group size and adult sex ratio predicted the risk of inter and intrasexual aggression, as well as injury risk. We found evidence for an optimal group size at which the risk of intragroup aggression was minimized for both sexes. Despite male-male aggression being lowest in mid-sized groups, males in smaller groups experienced higher injury risk, suggesting within-group aggression might not be the main cause of male injury. Additionally, we found that sex ratio influenced aggression, but not injury risk. Specifically, female aggression toward other females was heightened during the birth season when groups had fewer available males, suggesting either female competition for male friends or exacerbated female-female competition due to the energetic costs of lactation. Male aggression towards females was higher in female-biased groups during the birth season and in male-biased groups during the mating season, which could reflect male competition with females over feeding opportunities and male coercion of females, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into fitness costs (i.e., injury risk) of inter and intrasexual competition in primates in relation to key aspects of social organization. Significance statement While theory suggests that group size and sex ratio influence competition, studies linking these factors to aggression and injury rates are limited. Using long-term data on demography, aggression, and injury from a group-living primate, we show that both males and females experience aggression less often at intermediate group sizes. However, males in smaller groups faced higher injury risks. Although sex ratio did not predict injury risk, it did influence intra- and intersexual aggression, with patterns varying by reproductive season. Overall, our findings provide insights into how competition shapes intra and intersexual dynamics in relation to aspects of social organization.

Using eDNA to Supplement Population Genetic Analyses for Cryptic Marine Species: Identifying Population Boundaries for Alaska Harbour Porpoises - Kim M. Parsons; Samuel A. May; Zachary Gold; Marilyn Dahlheim; Christine Gabriele; Janice M. Straley; John R. Moran; Kimberly Goetz; Alexandre N. Zerbini; Linda Park; Phillip A. Morin (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Isolation by distance and biogeographical boundaries define patterns of population genetic structure for harbour porpoise along the Pacific coast from California to British Columbia. Until recently, inadequate sample sizes in many regions constrained efforts to characterise population genetic structure throughout the coastal waters of Alaska. Here, tissue samples from beachcast strandings and fisheries bycatch were supplemented with targeted environmental DNA (eDNA) samples in key regions of Alaska coastal and inland waters. Using a geographically explicit, hierarchical approach, we examined the genetic structure of Alaska harbour porpoises, using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data and multilocus SNP genotypes. Despite a lack of evidence of genetic differentiation from nuclear SNP loci, patterns of relatedness and genetic differentiation from mtDNA suggest natal philopatry at multiple geographic scales, with limited gene flow among sites possibly mediated by male dispersal. A priori clustering of sampled areas at an intermediate scale (eastern and western Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska and Southeast Alaska) best explained the genetic variance (12.37%) among regions. In addition, mtDNA differentiation between the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea, and among regions within the Gulf of Alaska, indicated significant genetic structuring of harbour porpoise populations in Southeast Alaska. The targeted collection of eDNA samples from strata within Southeast Alaska was key for elevating the statistical power of our mtDNA dataset, and findings indicate limited dispersal between neighbouring strata within coastal and inland waters. These results provide evidence supporting a population boundary within the currently recognised Southeast Alaska Stock. Together, these findings will prove useful for ongoing management efforts to reduce fisheries conflict and conserve genetic diversity in this iconic coastal species.

What influences the distribution of microplastics in the marine environment? An interdisciplinary study reveals key factors driving microplastic in the North Sea - Isabel Goßmann; Jens Meyerjürgens; Michelle Albinus; Cora Achtner; Tiera-Brandy Robinson; Andreas Held; Carola Lehners; Lisa Gassen; Samuel Mintah Ayim; Thomas H. Badewien; Barbara M. Scholz-Böttcher; Oliver Wurl (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Pervious concrete for treatment of acid mine drainage: Neutralization of pH and removal of dissolved iron, aluminum, manganese, and copper - Samuel M. Riekert; Ryan J. Winston; Lisa E. Burris (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulation in fish occupying different trophic positions from East Canyon Creek, a seasonally effluent-dominated river, Utah, USA - Yelena Sapozhnikova; Kevin M. Stroski; Samuel P. Haddad; S Rebekah Burket; Michael Luers; Bryan W. Brooks (Environmental Research, 2025)

Evidence for the role of tropical plumes in driving mid-Holocene north-west Sahara rainfall - Hamish O. Couper; Christopher C. Day; Julia J. Barrott; Samuel J. Hollowood; Stacy A. Carolin; Ben Lovett; Abdeljalil Bouzouggar; Nick Barton; Gideon M. Henderson (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Test and tune: evaluating, adjusting and optimising the stiffness of hydrogels to influence cell fate - Peiqi Yang; Gareth Boer; Finn Snow; Alysha Williamson; Samuel Cheeseman; Rasika M. Samarasinghe; Aaqil Rifai; Ayushi Priyam; Roey Elnathan; Roseanne Guijt; Anita Quigley; Rob Kaspa; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Integrating movement behaviours for intra-specific conservation: The caribou case - Margaret M. Hughes; Charlotte Bourbon; Pietro Milanesi; Jasmine S.M. Veitch; Samuel Deakin; Helen Schwantje; Caeley Thacker; Agnès Pelletier; Jean Polfus; Peter Neuhaus; Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl; Jocelyn Poissant; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Chronic rose oxide and exercise synergistically modulate cardiovascular and autonomic functions in hypertensive rats - Juliana A. da Silva; Samuel S. P. Araújo; Ana Flávia M. da Silva; José Guilherme V. de Assunção; Pâmela de S. Santos; José L. Pereira Júnior; Carlos Eduardo S. dos Reis; Liana de M. Santana; Regina G. Silva; Ariell A. de Oliveira; Francisca V. S. Nunes; Aldeidia P. de Oliveira; et al. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2025)

Does participation in on-farm demonstrations improve aspirations formation and food security? Evidence from Ghana - Edward Martey; John K. M. Kuwornu; Prince M. Etwire; Emmanuel K. Apiors; Samuel Kwabena Chaa Kyire; Patrick Maanikuu Muotono Izideen; Francis H. Kemeze (Food Security, 2025)

Agroforestry across the United States: Results of the 2022 Census of Agriculture - Todd Kellerman; Samuel Feibel; Matthew M. Smith; Gary Bentrup; Mark Batcheler; Katherine MacFarland (Agroforestry Systems, 2025)
Agroforestry offers producers climate mitigation and adaptation benefits and the opportunity to diversify income and enhance ecosystem services . Though these benefits are well-researched, few studies document agroforestry implementation through time in the United States using consistent national data sources. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated changes in the number of farm operations with agroforestry across the United States using data from the 2017 and 2022 United States Census of Agriculture. Through this analysis, we showed that the number of farm operations with agroforestry increased by 6% nationally between 2017 (30,853) and 2022 (32,717). States with the highest percent of total farms reporting at least one type of agroforestry were Vermont (7.8%), Maine (6.0%), and New Hampshire (5.6%), while states with the lowest percent were Arizona (0.3%), Utah (0.4%), and North Dakota (0.4%). States on the eastern half of the country tended to see increases in the number of farm operations with agroforestry between census years, while states on the western half of the country saw the largest decreases. Reasons for these changes are complex and require additional analysis. Additionally, we identified potential factors that may decrease the accuracy of agroforestry census data, along with recommendations on how to improve overall data quality going forward. We outlined how national agroforestry census data can inform decision-making related to farm policies, funding, programs, research, and extension delivery. With an online supplement, we also provided detailed maps of the extent of agroforestry in all 50 states.

Untangling the Complexity of Climate Change Effects on Plant Reproductive Traits and Pollinators: A Systematic Global Synthesis - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez; Edson Jacob Cristobal‐Pérez; Martín Hesajim de Santiago‐Hernández; Guillermo Huerta‐Ramos; Lucero Clemente‐Martínez; Gary Krupnick; Orley Taylor; Martha Lopezaraiza‐Mikel; Francisco Javier Balvino‐Olvera; Eugenia M. Sentíes‐Aguilar; Sergio Díaz‐Infante; Armando Aguirre Jaimes; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Climate change is expected to affect the morphological, physiological, and life‐history traits of plants and animal pollinators due to more frequent extreme heat and other altered weather patterns. This systematic literature review evaluates the effects of climate change on plant and pollinator traits on a global scale to determine how species responses vary among Earth's ecosystems, climate variables, taxonomic groups, and organismal traits. We compiled studies conducted under natural or experimental conditions (excluding agricultural species) and analyzed species response patterns for each trait (advance vs. delay or no change for phenology, decrease vs. increase or no change for other traits). Climate change has advanced plant and animal phenologies across most Earth's biomes, but evidence for temporal plant–pollinator mismatches remains limited. Flower production and plant reproductive success showed diverse responses to warming and low water availability in Alpine and Temperate ecosystems, and a trend for increased or neutral responses in Arctic and Tropical biomes. Nectar rewards mainly experienced negative effects under warming and drought across Alpine and Temperate biomes, but scent emissions increased or changed in composition. Life form (woody vs. nonwoody species) did not significantly influence trait response patterns to climate change. Pollinator fecundity, size, life‐history, developmental, and physiological traits mostly declined with warming across biomes; however, animal abundance and resource acquisition traits showed diverse responses. This review identified critical knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of the impacts of climate change, particularly in tropical/subtropical biomes and southern latitudes. It also highlights the urgent need to sample across a greater range of plant families and pollinator taxa (e.g., beetles, wasps, vertebrates). The diversity of climate change effects should be assessed in the context of other anthropogenic drivers of global change that threaten critically important pollination interactions.

The relative influence of climate extremes and species richness on the temporal variability of bird communities - Samantha M. Cady; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Craig A. Davis; Barney Luttbeg; Caleb P. Roberts; Scott R. Loss (Ecology, 2025)
Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecological stability is increasingly urgent as rapid species extinction continues. Though evidence of positive diversity–stability relationships is accumulating, empirical results are inconsistent, and effect sizes tend to be small, raising questions about relative contributions of intrinsic (i.e., species composition/interactions) and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) drivers of stability. Community stability may be more strongly influenced by environmental conditions than by community diversity in some contexts, yet little is known about the comparative importance of diversity and climate means, extremes, and variability in regulating stability. We used a half‐century of continental‐scale bird data to quantify avian community temporal variability (a metric often used to approximate ecological stability) at 1379 sites and compared relative effects of climatic variables and species richness. We found that extreme heat and extremely low precipitation at decadal scales are associated with high bird community variability and these climate variables outperformed species richness in terms of variance explained and magnitude of effect. This provides empirical support for the theoretical concept that, at a continental, decadal scale, environmental conditions can play a larger role than intrinsic factors in determining community stability. Our findings also increase understanding of how climate extremes cause diverse ecological responses.

Mass spectrometry-based analysis of eccrine sweat supports predictive, preventive and personalised medicine in a cohort of breast cancer patients in Austria - Michael Bolliger; Daniel Wasinger; Julia Brunmair; Gerhard Hagn; Michael Wolf; Karin Preindl; Birgit Reiter; Andrea Bileck; Christopher Gerner; Florian Fitzal; Samuel M. Meier-Menches (EPMA Journal, 2025)
Objective Metabolomics measurements of eccrine sweat may provide novel and relevant biomedical information to support predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (3PM). However, only limited data is available regarding metabolic alterations accompanying chemotherapy of breast cancer patients related to residual cancer burden (RCB) or therapy response. Here, we have applied Metabo-Tip, a non-invasive metabolomics assay based on the analysis of eccrine sweat from the fingertips, to investigate the feasibility of such an approach, especially with respect to drug monitoring, assessing lifestyle parameters and stratification of breast cancer patients. Methods Eccrine sweat samples were collected from breast cancer patients ( n = 9) during the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy at four time points in this proof-of-concept study at a Tertiary University Hospital. Metabolites in eccrine sweat were analysed using mass spectrometry. Blood plasma samples from the same timepoints were also collected and analysed using a validated targeted metabolomics kit, in addition to proteomics and fatty acids/oxylipin analysis. Results A total of 247 exogenous small molecules and endogenous metabolites were identified in eccrine sweat of the breast cancer patients. Cyclophosphamide and ondansetron were successfully detected and monitored in eccrine sweat of individual patients and accurately reflected the administration schedule. The non-essential amino acids asparagine, serine and proline, as well as ornithine were significantly regulated in eccrine sweat and blood plasma over the therapy cycle. However, their distinct time-dependent profiles indicated compartment-specific distributions. Indeed, the metabolite composition of eccrine sweat seems to largely resemble the composition of the interstitial fluid. Plasma proteins and fatty acids/oxylipins were not affected by the first treatment cycle. Individual smoking habit was revealed by the simultaneous detection of nicotine and its primary metabolite cotinine in eccrine sweat. Stratification according to RCB revealed pronounced differences in the metabolic composition of eccrine sweat in these patients at baseline, e.g., essential amino acids, possibly due to the systemic contribution of breast cancer and its impact on metabolic turnover. Conclusion Mass spectrometry-based analysis of metabolites from eccrine sweat of breast cancer patients successfully qualified lifestyle parameters for risk assessment and allowed us to monitor drug treatment and systemic response to therapy. Moreover, eccrine sweat revealed a potentially predictive metabolic pattern stratifying patients by the extent of the metabolic activity of breast cancer tissue at baseline. Eccrine sweat is derived from the otherwise hardly accessible interstitial fluid and, thus, opens up a new dimension for biomonitoring of breast cancer in secondary and tertiary care. The simple sample collection without the need for trained personnel could also enable decentralised long-term biomonitoring to assess stable disease or disease progression. Eccrine sweat analysis may indeed significantly advance 3PM for the benefit of breast cancer patients.

Wastewater based measures of COVID-19 and associations with children's absenteeism at grade schools - Helena M. Solo-Gabriele; Gabriela Guevara; Naresh Kumar; Ayaaz Amirali; Kristina M. Babler; Cynthia C. Beaver; Samuel Comerford; Maria Ferraris; Natasha Schaefer Solle; Mark E. Sharkey; Lisa Gwynn (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

The diurnal variation of dust and water ice aerosol optical depth at Jezero crater observed by MEDA/TIRS over a full Martian year - Michael D. Smith; Germán M. Martínez; Eduardo Sebastián; Mark T. Lemmon; Samuel A. Atwood; Daniel Toledo; Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras; Aurélien Stcherbinine; Jose Antonio Rodriguez-Manfredi; Manuel de la Torre Juárez (Icarus, 2025)

Molybdenum isotope behavior during subduction zone metamorphism - Cassidy J. Stegner; Richard M. Gaschnig; Samuel Marshall; Shelby T. Rader; Gray E. Bebout; Sarah C. Penniston-Dorland (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

One size does not fit all: Intra– and interspecific variation of den site use in two marsupial glider species in fragmented forest - Christopher M. McLean; Jed Field; Samuel A.R. Hayley; Matthew Hingee; Chad T. Beranek (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Minimum information for reporting on the TEER (trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance) assay (MIRTA) - Monita Sharma; Erin Huber; Emma Arnesdotter; Holger P. Behrsing; Adam Bettmann; David Brandwein; Samuel Constant; Rahul Date; Abhay Deshpande; Eric Fabian; Amit Gupta; Robert Gutierrez; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)
Standard information reporting helps to ensure that assay conditions and data are consistently reported and to facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons. Here, we present recommendations on minimum information for reporting on the TEER (trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance) assay (MIRTA). The TEER assay is extensively used to evaluate the health of an epithelial/endothelial cell culture model and as an indicator of the potential toxicity of a test substance. This publication is the result of an international collaboration─called the RespTox (Respiratory Toxicity) Collaborative─through which twelve laboratories shared their protocols for assessing the barrier function of respiratory epithelial cells using the TEER assay following exposure to substances. The protocols from each laboratory were reviewed to identify general steps for performing the TEER assay, interlaboratory differences between steps, the rationale for differences, whether these differences impact results or cross-laboratory comparisons between TEER measurements. While the MIRTA recommendations are focused on respiratory epithelial cell systems, these recommendations can be adapted for other cell systems that form barriers. The use of these recommendations will support data transparency and reproducibility, reduce challenges in data interpretation, enable cross-laboratory comparisons, help assess study quality, and facilitate the incorporation of the TEER assay into national and international testing guidance.

Influence of water source on alpine stream community structure: linking morphological and metabarcoding approaches - Daniel L. Preston; Scott Hotaling; Isabella M. Errigo; Paul B. Frandsen; Taylor L. Price; Trinity L. Hamilton; Kurt E. Anderson; Samuel E. Yevak; Jennifer F. Morse (Aquatic Sciences, 2025)

Root length as a bioindicator of pesticide concentration in irrigation water - Amanda M. Queiroz; Montcharles S. Pontes; Marisa D. Scherer; Daniela E. Graciano; Anderson R. L. Caires; Samuel L. Oliveira (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024)

Observations of trash in the deep tropical Atlantic and Caribbean Sea - Nikki Fuller; Emily McMahon; Allison North; A.J. Petty; Chryssanthi Tzetzis; Jacob Calus; Abisage Sekarore; Gabriel Rosado; Erin Patton; Julia Cappiello; Andrea M. Quattrini; Kasey Cantwell; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

The effects of physical form, moisture, humic acids, and mixtures on the photolysis of insensitive munitions compounds - Warren M. Kadoya; Samuel A. Beal; Susan Taylor; Katerina Dontsova (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Respiratory and allergic outcomes among farmworkers exposed to pesticides in Costa Rica - María G. Rodríguez-Zamora; Samuel Fuhrimann; Mirko S. Winkler; María José Rosa; Brian Reich; Christian Lindh; Ana M. Mora (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Decadal changes in microplastic accumulation in freshwater sediments: Evaluating influencing factors - Jutamas Bussarakum; William D. Burgos; Samuel B. Cohen; Kimberly Van Meter; Jon N. Sweetman; Patrick J. Drohan; Raymond G. Najjar; Jill M. Arriola; Katharina Pankratz; Lisa A. Emili; Nathaniel R. Warner (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Activation of volcanic ash as support for FeOx gliding arc plasma deposition and application in the catalytic oxidation of Rhodamine 6 G - Mélanie Pitap-Mbowou; Franck W. Boyom-Tatchemo; Elie Acayanka; Georges Kamgang-Youbi; Christophe Poupin; Sebastián A. Gámez-Rivera; Renaud Cousin; Eric M. Gaigneaux; Samuel Laminsi (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Novel Ti/rGO@ZnCr LDH derived MMO for photocatalytic conversion of atmospheric elements and organic pollutants into valuable resources - Prabagar Jijoe Samuel; Tenzin Thinley; Divya Vinod; Hosakote Shankara Anusha; Hemanth Vikram P R; Gurupadayya B M; Kotermane Mallikarjunappa Anilkumar; Manickam Selvaraj; Mohammed A. Assiri; Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Simultaneous degradation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation: Impact of morphology and growth stage - David Ortiz; Alicia Martin-Montero; Cristian Rodriguez; Neus Lopez-Arago; Samuel Cirés; Andreas Ballot; Zahara M. de Pedro; Antonio Quesada; Jose A. Casas; Macarena Munoz (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Nonlinear and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of radon time series in a volcanic touristic cave - Samuel Ogunjo; M. Candelaria Martín-Luis; María Esther Martín González; María López Pérez; Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo (Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2024)

Realized genetic gain with reciprocal recurrent selection in a Eucalyptus breeding program - Saulo F. S. Chaves; Luiz A. S. Dias; Rodrigo S. Alves; Filipe M. Ferreira; Maurício S. Araújo; Marcos D. V. Resende; Elizabete K. Takahashi; João E. Souza; Fernando P. Leite; Samuel B. Fernandes; Kaio Olimpio G. Dias (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2024)

Unravelling epigenetic mechanisms in Cerastoderma edule genome: a comparison of healthy and neoplastic cockles - Alejandro Viña-Feás; Javier Temes-Rodríguez; André Vidal-Capón; Samuel Novas; Jorge Rodríguez-Castro; Ana Pequeño-Valtierra; Juan José Pasantes; Jose M. C. Tubío; Daniel Garcia-Souto (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2024)
Cancer is a multifaceted genetic disease characterized by the acquisition of several essential hallmarks. Notably, certain cancers exhibit horizontal transmissibility, observed across mammalian species and diverse bivalves, the latter referred to as hemic neoplasia. Within this complex landscape, epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications and cytosine methylation emerge as fundamental contributors to the pathogenesis of these transmissible cancers. Our study delves into the epigenetic landscape of Cerastoderma edule , focusing on whole-genome methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles in heathy specimens and transmissible neoplasias by means of Nanopore long-read sequencing. Our results unveiled a global hypomethylation in the neoplastic specimens compared to their healthy counterparts, emphasizing the role of DNA methylation in these tumorigenic processes. Furthermore, we verified that intragenic CpG methylation positively correlated with gene expression, emphasizing its role in modulating transcription in healthy and neoplastic cockles, as also highlighted by some up-methylated oncogenic genes. Hydroxymethylation levels were significantly more elevated in the neoplastic samples, particularly within satellites and complex repeats, likely related to structural functions. Additionally, our analysis also revealed distinct methylation and activity patterns in retrotransposons, providing additional insights into bivalve neoplastic processes. Altogether, these findings contribute to understanding the epigenetic dynamics of bivalve neoplasias and shed light on the roles of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in tumorigenesis. Understanding these epigenetic alterations holds promise for advancing our broader understanding of cancer epigenetics.

In situ detection of ferric reductase activity in the intestinal lumen of an insect - Anna Karen Hernández-Gallardo; Trinidad Arcos-López; Jahir Marceliano Bahena-Lopez; Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán; Salvador Gallardo-Hernández; Samuel M. Webb; Thomas Kroll; Pier Lorenzo Solari; Carolina Sánchez-López; Christophe Den Auwer; Liliana Quintanar; Fanis Missirlis (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2024)
The rise of atmospheric oxygen as a result of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts has transformed most environmental iron into the ferric state. In contrast, cells within organisms maintain a reducing internal milieu and utilize predominantly ferrous iron. Ferric reductases are enzymes that transfer electrons to ferric ions, either extracellularly or within endocytic vesicles, enabling cellular ferrous iron uptake through Divalent Metal Transporter 1. In mammals, duodenal cytochrome b is a ferric reductase of the intestinal epithelium, but how insects reduce and absorb dietary iron remains unknown. Here we provide indirect evidence of extracellular ferric reductase activity in a small subset of Drosophila melanogaster intestinal epithelial cells, positioned at the neck of the midgut’s anterior region. Dietary-supplemented bathophenanthroline sulphate (BPS) captures locally generated ferrous iron and precipitates into pink granules, whose chemical identity was probed combining in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. An increased presence of manganese ions upon BPS feeding was also found. Control animals were fed with ferric ammonium citrate, which is accumulated into ferritin iron in distinct intestinal subregions suggesting iron trafficking between different cells inside the animal. Spectroscopic signals from the biological samples were compared to purified Drosophila and horse spleen ferritin and to chemically synthesized BPS-iron and BPS-manganese complexes. The results corroborated the presence of BPS-iron in a newly identified ferric iron reductase region of the intestine, which we propose constitutes the major site of iron absorption in this organism. Graphical abstract

The role of traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors on COVID-19 outcomes: a real-world data study - Narmeen Mallah; Irene Visos-Varela; Bahi Takkouche; Rosendo Bugarín-González; María Piñeiro-Lamas; Teresa Herdeiro; Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro; Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández; Angel Salgado-Barreira; Adolfo Figueiras; Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez; Rosa M. García-Álvarez; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2024)

Effect of variation in plant-emitted volatiles on the infestation behavior of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in strawberry crops - Neby M. Mérida-Torres; Edith Garay-Serrano; Samuel Cruz-Esteban (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2024)

Benchtop Flow Stasis Quantification: In Vitro Methods and In Vivo Possibilities - Vahid Sadri; Prem A. Midha; Immanuel David Madukauwa-David; Norihiko Kamioka; Phillip M. Trusty; Priya J. Nair; Samuel Cohen; Vrishank Raghav; Rahul Sharma; Vasilis Babaliaros; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2024)

Exploring the Nature of Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae) Pheromone Attraction - Jessica L. Kerr; Cecilia M. Romo; Brooke O’Connor; Georgia Dickson; Max Novoselov; Samuel Aguilar-Arguello; Christine Todoroki; Adriana Najar-Rodriguez; Lee-Anne Manning; Andrew Twidle; Anne Barrington; Gaetan Leclair; et al. (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2024)
Cerambycid species of the Spondylidinae subfamily are distributed worldwide and are known for being prolific invaders that infest conifers. In New Zealand, Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), the burnt pine longhorn beetle, is well-established and requires monitoring at high-risk sites such as ports, airports, and sawmills as part of the requirements to meet pine log export standards set by the New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI). Currently, its surveillance relies on traps baited with host volatiles (i.e., ethanol and α-pinene). We used volatile collections from adult beetles, electroantennograms, and field trapping bioassays to identify the pheromones emitted by the burnt pine longhorn beetle A. ferus and their effects on its behaviour. We show that A. ferus males emit mainly ( E )-fuscumol and geranylacetone, as well as the minor components, α -terpinene and p -mentha-1,3,8-triene, and that all four compounds elicit a dose-dependent response in antennae of both sexes. Traps baited with the binary combination of geranylacetone plus fuscumol captured significantly more female A. ferus than did unbaited traps in two of three field experiments. α-Terpinene did not affect A. ferus trap catches and effects of p -mentha-1,3,8-triene on trap catch were not determined. Our findings provide further evidence of the use of fuscumol and geranylacetone as aggregation-sex pheromones by longhorn beetles in the Spondylidinae subfamily, and suggest that their deployment in survey traps may improve the efficacy of A. ferus monitoring in New Zealand and elsewhere.

Molecular basis of hyper-thermostability in the thermophilic archaeal aldolase MfnB - Rosie M. A. Maddock; Carl O. Marsh; Samuel T. Johns; Lynden D. Rooms; Phillip W. Duke; Marc W. van der Kamp; James E. M. Stach; Paul R. Race (Extremophiles, 2024)
Methanogenic archaea are chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that can reduce carbon dioxide with hydrogen gas to form methane. These microorganisms make a significant contribution to the global carbon cycle, with methanogenic archaea from anoxic environments estimated to contribute > 500 million tons of global methane annually. Archaeal methanogenesis is dependent on the methanofurans; aminomethylfuran containing coenzymes that act as the primary C 1 acceptor molecule during carbon dioxide fixation. Although the biosynthetic pathway to the methanofurans has been elucidated, structural adaptations which confer thermotolerance to Mfn enzymes from extremophilic archaea are yet to be investigated. Here we focus on the methanofuran biosynthetic enzyme MfnB, which catalyses the condensation of two molecules of glyceralde-3-phosphate to form 4‑(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde-phosphate. In this study, MfnB enzymes from the hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and the mesophile Methanococcus maripaludis have been recombinantly overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. Thermal unfolding studies, together with steady-state kinetic assays, demonstrate thermoadaptation in the M. jannaschii enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to provide a structural explanation for the observed properties. These reveal a greater number of side chain interactions in the M. jannaschii enzyme, which may confer protection from heating effects by enforcing spatial residue constraints.

Evaluating drinking water treatment residuals as an in-situ capping material for metal-contaminated sediments - Jingru Wei; Yulin Zheng; Lang Zhou; Kevin J. Kroll; Samuel M. Wallace; Nancy D. Denslow; Jean-François Gaillard; Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo (Chemosphere, 2024)

Wetland plant species and biochar amendments lead to variable salinity reduction in roadway-associated soils - Samuel J. Schurkamp; Shane C. Lishawa; Brian M. Ohsowski (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of pathogenic Escherichia coli from commercial swine and poultry abattoirs and farms in South Africa: A One Health approach - Samuel T. Ogundare; Folorunso O. Fasina; John-Paul Makumbi; Gerbrand A. van der Zel; Peter F. Geertsma; Marleen M. Kock; Anthony M. Smith; Marthie M. Ehlers (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Trend of soil salinization in Africa and implications for agro-chemical use in semi-arid croplands - C.T. Omuto; G.K. Kome; S.J. Ramakhanna; N.M. Muzira; J.A. Ruley; O.J. Jayeoba; V. Raharimanana; A. Owusu Ansah; N.A. Khamis; K.K. Mathafeng; A.A. Elmobarak; R.R. Vargas; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Properties of outer solar system pebbles during planetesimal formation from meteor observations - Peter Jenniskens; Paul R. Estrada; Stuart Pilorz; Peter S. Gural; Dave Samuels; Steve Rau; Timothy M.C. Abbott; Jim Albers; Scott Austin; Dan Avner; Jack W. Baggaley; Tim Beck; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

An island of receptor-like genes at the Rrs13 locus on barley chromosome 6HS co-locate with three novel sources of scald resistance - Peter E. Eckstein; Lindsay J. Griffith; Xiang M. Zhang; T. Kelly Turkington; Mark G. Colin; Samuel Holden; Sean Walkowiak; Gurcharn S. Brar; Aaron D. Beattie (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2024)

Correlation Between Sleep Complaints and History of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adolescent Track and Field Athletes - Samuel Silva; Marina C. Pinto; Fernanda Viegas; Luísa S. N. Freitas; Rafael H. C. Pereira; Juliana M. Ocarino; Marco T. de Mello; Andressa Silva (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2024)

Demographic History and Adaptive Evolution of Indo‐Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) in Western Australia - Svenja M. Marfurt; Delphine B. H. Chabanne; Samuel Wittwer; Manuela R. Bizzozzero; Simon J. Allen; Livia Gerber; Krista Nicholson; Michael Krützen (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Demographic processes can substantially affect a species' response to changing ecological conditions, necessitating the combined consideration of genetic responses to environmental variables and neutral genetic variation. Using a seascape genomics approach combined with population demographic modelling, we explored the interplay of demographic and environmental factors that shaped the current population structure in Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) along the Western Australian coastline. We combined large‐scale environmental data gathered via remote sensing with RADseq genomic data from 133 individuals at 19 sampling sites. Using population genetic and outlier detection analyses, we identified three distinct genetic clusters, coinciding with tropical, subtropical and temperate provincial bioregions. In contrast to previous studies, our demographic models indicated that populations occupying the paleo‐shoreline split into two demographically independent lineages before the last glacial maximum (LGM). A subsequent split after the LGM 12—15 kya gave rise to the Shark Bay population, thereby creating the three currently observed clusters. Although multi‐locus heterozygosity declined from north to south, dolphins from the southernmost cluster inhabiting temperate waters had higher heterozygosity in potentially adaptive loci compared to dolphins from subtropical and tropical waters. These findings suggest ongoing adaptation to cold‐temperate waters in the southernmost cluster, possibly linked to distinct selective pressures between the different bioregions. Our study demonstrated that in the marine realm, without apparent physical boundaries, only a combined approach can fully elucidate the intricate environmental and genetic interactions shaping the evolutionary trajectory of marine mammals.

Association of pesticide exposure with respiratory health outcomes and rhinitis in avocado farmworkers from Michoacán, Mexico - Cecilia S. Alcalá; Cynthia Armendáriz-Arnez; Ana M. Mora; Maria G. Rodriguez-Zamora; Asa Bradman; Samuel Fuhrimann; Christian Lindh; María José Rosa (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

The 2019 pumice raft forming eruption of Volcano-F (Volcano 0403–091) and implications for hazards posed by submerged calderas - Isobel A. Yeo; Iona M. McIntosh; Scott E. Bryan; Kenichiro Tani; Matthew Dunbabin; Katherine J. Dobson; Samuel J. Mitchell; Patrick C. Collins; Michael A. Clare; Henrietta Cathey; Isikeli Duwai; Philipp A. Brandl; et al. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2024)

The role of fire in the germination of invasive plants in Mediterranean environments: A meta-analysis - Samuel H. Suárez-Ronay; Silvia Medina-Villar; M. Esther Pérez Corona (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

The effect of ramped nursery housing on pig behavior during loading and unloading at marketing - Mary L. Kasakamu; Jennifer M. Young; Ryan S. Samuel; Sarah A. Wagner; Christopher J. Byrd (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2024)

Host diet drives gut microbiome convergence between coral reef fishes and mammals - Samuel Degregori; Nina M. D. Schiettekatte; Jordan M. Casey; Simon J. Brandl; Alexandre Mercière; Katherine R. Amato; Florent Mazel; Valeriano Parravicini; Paul H. Barber (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Animal gut microbiomes are critical to host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiomes of fishes—the most abundant and diverse vertebrate clade—have received little attention relative to other clades. Coral reef fishes, in particular, make up a wide range of evolutionary histories and feeding ecologies that are likely associated with gut microbiome diversity. The repeated evolution of herbivory in fishes and mammals also allows us to examine microbiome similarity in relationship to diet across the entire vertebrate tree of life. Here, we generate a large coral reef fish gut microbiome dataset ( n = 499 samples, 19 species) and combine it with a diverse aggregation of public microbiome data ( n = 447) to show that host diet drives significant convergence between coral reef fish and mammalian gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that this similarity is largely driven by carnivory and herbivory and that herbivorous and carnivorous hosts exhibit distinct microbial compositions across fish and mammals. We also show that fish and mammal gut microbiomes share prominent microbial taxa, including Ruminoccocus spp. and Akkermansia spp., and predicted metabolic pathways. Despite the major evolutionary and ecological differences between fishes and mammals, our results reveal that their gut microbiomes undergo similar dietary selective pressures. Thus, diet, in addition to phylosymbiosis must be considered even when comparing the gut microbiomes of distantly related hosts.

Acarbose ameliorates Western diet-induced metabolic and cognitive impairments in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease - Michelle M. Sonsalla; Reji Babygirija; Madeline Johnson; Samuel Cai; Mari Cole; Chung-Yang Yeh; Isaac Grunow; Yang Liu; Diana Vertein; Mariah F. Calubag; Michaela E. Trautman; Cara L. Green; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Implications of fisher perceptions on coral restoration in Tondol, northwestern Philippines - Rickdane Gomez; Samuel Mamauag; Michael Fabinyi; Dexter dela Cruz; Ian M. McLeod; Patrick Cabaitan; Peter L. Harrison (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2024)

Elucidation of medusozoan (jellyfish) venom constituent activities using constellation pharmacology - Angel A. Yanagihara; Matías L. Giglio; Kikiana Hurwitz; Raechel Kadler; Samuel S. Espino; Shrinivasan Raghuraman; Baldomero M. Olivera (Toxicon, 2024)

Geochemical analysis of bituminous samples from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Nahal Efe (Northern Negev, Israel): Earliest evidence in the region and an example of alteration of the Dead Sea bitumen - Jacques Connan; Ferran Borrell; Jacob Vardi; Samuel Wolff; Steven M. Ortiz; Michael Engel; Renaud Gley; Alex Zumberge (Organic Geochemistry, 2024)

Evaluating essential oils as biocidal anti-drift adjuvants for safe and sustainable agricultural spray enhancement - Joseph Heng; Samuel Bechard; David Lach; Jonathan Rothstein; Minghe Wang; Sebastian Ubal; David Julian McClements; Carlos M. Corvalan; Jiakai Lu (Journal of Aerosol Science, 2024)

Contribution of emissions from the oil sands activities in Alberta, Canada to atmospheric concentration and deposition of nitrogen and sulfur species at a downwind site - Yuan You; Jason M. O'Brien; Amanda S. Cole; Leiming Zhang; Zhuanshi He; Jian Feng; Samuel Pearson (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Direct evidence that cryoprotectant mixtures facilitate individual component permeation into living plant cells - Kylie C. Pearce; Fionna M.D. Samuels; Gayle M. Volk; Nancy E. Levinger (Cryobiology, 2024)

DeLIA: A Dependability Library for Iterative Applications applied to parallel geophysical problems - Carla Santana; Ramon C.F. Araújo; Idalmis Milian Sardina; Ítalo A.S. Assis; Tiago Barros; Calebe P. Bianchini; Antonio D. de S. Oliveira; João M. de Araújo; Hervé Chauris; Claude Tadonki; Samuel Xavier-de-Souza (Computers & Geosciences, 2024)

Reversible Disassembly of V-ATPases in Aging and Disease - Patricia M. Kane; Samuel Winkley; Fiza Hashmi (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2024)

Integrating local ecological knowledge and remote sensing reveals patterns and drivers of forest cover change: North Korea as a case study - Joshua Elves-Powell; Jai Dolan; Sarah M. Durant; Hang Lee; John D. C. Linnell; Samuel T. Turvey; Jan C. Axmacher (Regional Environmental Change, 2024)
Satellite-based remote sensing approaches provide a cost-efficient means to collect information on the world’s forests and to repeatedly survey large, or inaccessible, forest areas. However, it may not always be possible to ground truth–associated findings using direct ecological field surveys conducted by trained forest scientists. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) is an alternative form of data which could be used to complement, interpret and verify information from satellite data. Using a case study on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea), we evaluate the potential for integrating remote sensing and LEK data, gathered with non-specialist former residents, to understand patterns and drivers of forest cover change. LEK reports often concurred with, or provided key information to enable interpretation of, satellite data. This revealed that between 1986 and 2021, North Korea experienced high, but uneven, rates of deforestation. There was a pronounced northwards deforestation shift in the mid-1990s, coinciding with a period of extreme hardship and famine (the “Arduous March”), and associated with clearance of trees in more forested northern provinces as an economic and fuel resource, and conversion of forest to agricultural cropland. Loss of forest cover in North Korea has continued and recently accelerated, to a rate of > 200 km 2 per annum between 2019 and 2021. This increases the vulnerability of North Korean socio-ecological systems to future environmental change and is an obstacle to the recovery of threatened species across the Korean Peninsula. We recommend that LEK- and remote sensing–based approaches are considered within a suite of complementary techniques to analyse forest changes where ecological field surveys cannot be conducted.

An unusually large ‘suspension-feeding’ fish from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset: the first true record of Asthenocormus (Pachycormiformes: Asthenocorminae) in the UK - Samuel L. A. Cooper; Erin E. Maxwell; David M. Martill (PalZ, 2024)
A partial caudal fin of a large-bodied asthenocormine pachycormiform (Pachycormiformes: Pachycormidae: Asthenocorminae) is described from the Upper Jurassic (lower Tithonian) Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset, England. The specimen comprises associated fin rays, basal fulcra, ‘epurals’ and paired pre-caudal scutes, the combination and morphology of which is consistent with the large (2–3 m TL) edentulous, supposedly ‘suspension-feeding’ asthenocormine, Asthenocormus titanius (Wagner), presently known only from the Upper Jurassic plattenkalks of Bavaria, Germany. Asthenocormus has previously been documented in the literature as being present in the Middle and Upper Jurassic of England, however all of these specimens have been misattributed or since referred to different genera. However, the specimen from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation is here referred with confidence to Asthenocormus . Morphological variation in the pre-caudal dorsal scute of the new specimen compared to the Bavarian material suggest that the Kimmeridge Clay specimen likely represents a new species of Asthenocormus , although it is currently too poorly represented to diagnose, and hence we refer the specimen to Asthenocormus cf. titanius . The new specimen represents the first true record of Asthenocormus from the UK, thereby extending its known palaeobiogeographic distribution and further demonstrating faunal similarities between fish assemblage from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Dorset and the Solnhofen-type plattenkalks of southern Germany. Additional comments are also made on the hidden diversity of pachycormid fishes in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation.

Cattleya attenboroughiana (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae): a new species from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Euler L. F. Menezes; Samuel C. O. Giordani; Rodrigo A. Pinheiro; Paulo M. Gonella (Kew Bulletin, 2024)

Effects of organic selenium-containing diets on Penaeus vannamei molecular response under induced heat stress challenge - Medhat R. Elfadadny; Samuel M. Mwamburi; Hidehiro Kondo; Ikuo Hirono (Fisheries Science, 2024)

Sea Grant’s Community Engaged Internship: expanding participation and cultivating belonging in coastal and ocean sciences - Mona Behl; Jane Harrison; Maya Walton; Catherine Riseng; Deidre M. Peroff; Hallee Meltzer; Emily Maung-Douglass; Susan Lovelace; Samuel J. Lake; Maddie Kennedy; Sarah Kolesar; Davin Holen; et al. (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2024)

Inorganic geochemistry of Paleogene strata in the N’kapa Formation of the western Douala Basin, Cameroon: implications for provenance and tectonic settings - Ligbwah Victor Wotanie; Ngong Roger Ngia; Ndip Edwin Ayuk; Djieto Lordon Anatole; Mokake Fidelis Esue; Ayuk Egbe Samuel; Christopher M. Agyingi (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2024)

First Report on the Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii From Donkeys in Kenya - Fredrick O. Obonyo; Ndichu Maingi; Samuel M. Githigia; Kevin O. Ochwedo; Anne A. Owiti; Evans N. Nyaboga (Acta Parasitologica, 2024)

Recent speciation and adaptation to aridity in the ecologically diverse Pilbara region of Australia enabled the native tobaccos ( Nicotiana ; Solanaceae) to colonize all Australian deserts - Luiz A. Cauz‐Santos; Rosabelle Samuel; Dominik Metschina; Maarten J. M. Christenhusz; Steven Dodsworth; Kingsley W. Dixon; John G. Conran; Ovidiu Paun; Mark W. Chase (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Over the last 6 million years, the arid Australian Eremaean Zone (EZ) has remained as dry as it is today. A widely accepted hypothesis suggests that the flora and fauna of arid regions were more broadly distributed before aridification began. In Australia, this process started around 20 million years ago (Ma), leading to gradual speciation as the climate became increasingly arid. Here, we use genomic data to investigate the biogeography and timing of divergence of native allotetraploid tobaccos, Nicotiana section Suaveolentes (Solanaceae). The original allotetraploid migrants from South America were adapted to mesic areas of Australia and recently radiated in the EZ, including in sandy dune fields (only 1.2 Ma old), after developing drought adaptations. Coalescent and maximum likelihood analyses suggest that Nicotiana section Suaveolentes arrived on the continent around 6 Ma, with the ancestors of the Pilbara (Western Australian) lineages radiating there at the onset of extreme aridity 5 Ma by locally adapting to these various ancient, highly stable habitats. The Pilbara thus served as both a mesic refugium and cradle for adaptations to harsher conditions, due to its high topographical diversity, providing microhabitats with varying moisture levels and its proximity to the ocean, which buffers against extreme aridity. This enabled species like Nicotiana to survive in mesic refugia and subsequently adapt to more arid conditions. These results demonstrate that initially poorly adapted plant groups can develop novel adaptations in situ, permitting extensive and rapid dispersal despite the highly variable and unpredictable extreme conditions of the EZ.

Application of Floating Beds Constructed with Woodchips for Nitrate Removal and Plant Growth in Wetlands - Maidul I. Choudhury; Mikk Espenberg; Marc M. Hauber; Kuno Kasak; Samuel Hylander (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2024)
Constructed wetlands and constructed floating wetlands are widely used for nitrogen (N) removal from surface water to combat eutrophication in freshwaters. Two main N removal pathways in freshwaters are plant biomass N uptake and denitrification, i.e. transformation of nitrate (NO 3 -) to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or nitrogen gas (N 2 ) by different microbes possessing nirK , nirS , nosZI, and n osZII genes. In this study, we tested woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) as a nature-based and environment-friendly method to remove nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) from water. Moreover, we tested whether WFBs could support the growth of three selected plant species and the abundance of microbes on plant roots and woodchips as a proxy for WFBs’ denitrification potential. We conducted a greenhouse experiment for 90 days and measured NO 3 -N removal rates from water in WFBs mesocosms during five sampling occasions. Plant biomass production, biomass N uptake, and plant morphology related to N uptake and abundance of denitrifying organisms were measured at the end of the experiment. NO 3 -N removal rates were 29.17 ± 11.07, 28.18 ± 12.62, 25.28 ± 9.90, and 22.16 ± 7.79 mg L –1 d –1 m –2 (mean ± standard deviation) in Glyceria maxima , Juncus effusus , Filipendula ulmaria, and unplanted WFBs treatments, respectively for whole experimental period. N content in above- and belowground biomass of studied species ranged between 0.98 – 1.15 and 1.09 – 1.28 (% dry weight), respectively. Plant relative biomass production was 215 ± 61, 67 ± 18, and 7 ± 17 (% dry weight) for G. maxima , J. effusus and F. ulmaria , respectively. Denitrifiers were detected both on plant roots and woodchips, indicating WFBs’ denitrification potential. Our study highlights that WFBs could be applied to enhance NO 3 -N removal from surface water through plant biomass uptake and denitrification processes. Future studies should consider the long-term in situ application of WFBs for NO 3 -N removal from water.

Confirmation of Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Myanmar Extends Known Geographic Range of an Endangered Primate - Pyae Phyo Aung; Ngwe Lwin; Tin Htun Aung; Thura Soe Min Htike; Carolyn Thompson; Christian Roos; Sa Myo Zaw; L. Zawng Lum; Win Naing Oo; Zung Sau; Samuel T. Turvey; Wai Zinn Thein; et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 2024)
Characterizing genetically distinct populations of primates is important for protecting biodiversity and effectively allocating conservation resources. Skywalker gibbons ( Hoolock tianxing ) were first described in 2017, with the only confirmed population consisting of 150 individuals in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan Province, China. Based on river geography, the distribution of the skywalker gibbon has been hypothesized to extend into Myanmar between the N’Mai Kha and Ayeyarwaddy Rivers to the west, and the Salween River (named the Thanlwin River in Myanmar and Nujiang River in China) to the east. We conducted acoustic point-count sampling surveys, collected noninvasive samples for molecular mitochondrial cytochrome b gene identification, and took photographs for morphological identification at six sites in Kachin State and three sites in Shan State to determine the presence of skywalker gibbons in predicted suitable forest areas in Myanmar. We also conducted 50 semistructured interviews with members of communities surrounding gibbon range forests to understand potential threats. In Kachin State, we audio-recorded 23 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.57 and 3.6 group/km 2 . In Shan State, we audio-recorded 21 gibbon groups with group densities ranging between 0.134 and 1.0 group/km 2 . Based on genetic data obtained from skin and saliva samples, the gibbons were identified as skywalker gibbons (99.54–100% identity). Although these findings increase the species’ known population size and confirmed distribution, skywalker gibbons in Myanmar are threatened by local habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Most of the skywalker gibbon population in Myanmar exists outside protected areas. Therefore, the IUCN Red List status of the skywalker gibbon should remain as Endangered.

Outpatient glucocorticoid use and COVID-19 outcomes: a population-based study - Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández; Irene Visos-Varela; Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro; Samuel Pintos-Rodríguez; Rosa M. García-Álvarez; Teresa M. Herdeiro; María Piñeiro-Lamas; Adolfo Figueiras; Ángel Salgado-Barreira; Rosendo Bugarín-González; Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez; Rosa M García-Álvarez; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2024)
Introduction Owing to controversy information surrounds effect of glucocorticoids on the evolution of COVID-19, we evaluate the effects of outpatient glucocorticoid use on the severity and progression of COVID-19 and risk of infection and analyse the effect of window of exposure and dose. Methods We conducted a population-based case − control study, involving 4 substudies: (i) Hospitalisation; (ii) Mortality, using subjects hospitalised with a PCR + as cases and subjects without a PCR + as controls; (iii) Progression, including subjects with a PCR + (hospitalised versus non-hospitalised); and (iv) Susceptibility, with all subjects with a PCR + and subjects without a PCR + . Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results The outpatient glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.56–2.05), mortality (aOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.68–3.15), progression (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.43–2.00) and susceptibility (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19–1.41). Furthermore, the effects was observed to be greater at higher doses and the closer that drug use approached the outcome date, with an almost fourfold increase in mortality among users in the previous month (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 2.63–5.62). Conclusions According to the results of this real-world data study, outpatient glucocorticoid use should be considered in making decisions about intrahospital treatment.

Non-thermal obliteration of critically ranked carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its resistance gene in a batch atmospheric plasma reactor - Thabang B. M. Mosaka; John O. Unuofin; Michael O. Daramola; Chedly Tizaoui; Samuel A. Iwarere (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024)
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been implicated as direct key reservoir of both antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) associated with human infection, as high concentrations of ARBs and ARGs have been detected in recycled hospital wastewater. Among the ARBs, the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been ranked as priority 1 (critical) pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), due to its overwhelming burden on public health. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology as an alternative disinfection step to inactivate this bacterium and its ARGs. Culture-based method and PCR were employed in confirming the carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-1 in A. baumannii (BAA 1605). Suspension of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (24 h culture) was prepared from the confirmed isolate and subjected to plasma treatment at varying time intervals (3 min, 6 min, 9 min, 12 min, and 15 min) in triplicates. The plasma-treated samples were evaluated for re-growth and the presence of the resistance gene. The treatment resulted in a 1.13 log reduction after 3 min and the highest log reduction of ≥ 8 after 15 min, and the results also showed that NTP was able to inactivate the bla NDM-1 gene. The log reduction and gel image results suggest that plasma disinfection has a great potential to be an efficient tertiary treatment step for WWTPs.

Innovative bedding materials for compost bedded pack barns: enhancing dairy cow welfare and sustainable dairy farming - Daniela T. Eberl; Marshall J. Smith; Oliver J. Megram; Megan M. Mayhew; Debra Willoughby; Samuel J. White; Philippe B. Wilson (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2024)
Compost bedded pack (CBP) barns are an innovative housing system that improves the comfort and welfare of dairy cows, compared to cubicle style housing or free stalls with artificial surfaces, such as rubber or concrete. This type of bedding system also has the potential to improve lameness scores, overall health, welfare, and productivity of dairy cows. In CBP barns, carbon materials or organic materials are composted in the barn while being used as bedding for livestock. The animals pass manure on these surfaces providing the nitrogen, microorganisms, and moisture necessary for the composting process. Historically, dry sawdust originating from mills, furniture and pallets have been used as a substrate for compost. However, due to these materials becoming increasingly expensive and hard to source, other materials have been trailed as potential substitutes. Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in making dairy production more environmentally friendly by reducing carbon footprint. This review summarises and highlights appropriate alternative materials that, subject to their management, can be successfully used in the CBP barn system. This will act as an aid for farmers and decision makers when choosing materials to be incorporated in CBP barns. Using alternative materials to sawdust, wood chips and wood shavings, which are the current industry standard, will contribute to a more circular economy and sustainable dairy production, while simultaneously contributing to sustainable development goals, and improved animal health and welfare.

Biogeographic variation in environmental and biotic resistance modifies predicted risk of marine invasions by ships - Mariana Bonfim; Samuel L. Bunson; Andrew J. Sellers; Mark E. Torchin; Gregory M. Ruiz; Amy L. Freestone (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Introduction Global shipping has accelerated the spread of non-native species. Factors such as environmental filtering and interactions with local biota can affect invasion likelihood, yet their relative contribution to predicting invasion risk remains unresolved. To test how abiotic filters and an experimentally-derived measure of biotic resistance interact with propagule pressure, we developed an integrated model to evaluate their relative effects on invasion risk of marine biofouling organisms to different focal port regions. We predicted that environmental filtering impacts invasion risk when fewer but stronger connections are part of the network. Further, predation is a mechanism of biotic resistance, which can reduce invasion risk, with most pronounced effects predicted in the tropics that decline at higher latitudes. Methods We examined shipping traffic and predation impact at three coastal bioregions spanning 47-degrees of latitude al range in the Northeast Pacific (Alaska, California, and Panama). We used vessel traffic databases to characterize propagule pressure and construct a worldwide port network of marine shipping routes and ports. Environmental resistance was estimated using temperature and salinity data from donor and recipient regions. We further used standardized predator exposure experiments to quantify predation impact on fouling community biomass as an estimate of potential for biotic resistance. We then expanded on existing models of relative invasion risk to incorporate the probability that propagules will survive predation by local predators and overcome environmental filtering to generate a predicted invasion risk for each port. Results Environmental filtering in all regions and predation pressure in the tropics worked to reduce the invasion risk, resulting in markedly different cumulative risk profiles over time among regions. Discussion In an increasingly connected world with more vessel traffic, our results highlight that while the number and distribution of shipping routes are important to understand risk, abiotic and biotic filters can modify model predictions.

Assessing the survival of carbonaceous chondrites impacting the lunar surface as a potential resource - Samuel H. Halim; Ian A. Crawford; Gareth S. Collins; Katherine H. Joy; Thomas M. Davison (Planetary and Space Science, 2024)

neonPlantEcology: An R package for preparing NEON plant data for use in ecological research - Adam L. Mahood; Ranjan Muthukrishnan; Jacob A. Macdonald; David T. Barnett; Eric R. Sokol; Samuel M. Simkin (Ecological Modelling, 2024)

The underground world of plant disease: Rhizosphere dysbiosis reduces above‐ground plant resistance to bacterial leaf spot and alters plant transcriptome - Toi Ketehouli; Josephine Pasche; Victor Hugo Buttrós; Erica M. Goss; Samuel J. Martins (Environmental Microbiology, 2024)
Just as the human gut microbiome is colonized by a variety of microbes, so too is the rhizosphere of plants. An imbalance in this microbial community, known as dysbiosis, can have a negative impact on plant health. This study sought to explore the effect of rhizosphere dysbiosis on the health of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.), using them and the foliar bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas perforans as model organisms. The rhizospheres of 3‐week‐old tomato plants were treated with either streptomycin or water as a control, and then spray‐inoculated with X. perforans after 24 h. Half of the plants that were treated with both streptomycin and X. perforans received soil microbiome transplants from uninfected plant donors 48 h after the streptomycin was applied. The plants treated with streptomycin showed a 26% increase in disease severity compared to those that did not receive the antibiotic. However, the plants that received the soil microbiome transplant exhibited an intermediate level of disease severity. The antibiotic‐treated plants demonstrated a reduced abundance of rhizobacterial taxa such as Cyanobacteria from the genus Cylindrospermum . They also showed a down‐regulation of genes related to plant primary and secondary metabolism, and an up‐regulation of plant defence genes associated with induced systemic resistance. This study highlights the vital role that beneficial rhizosphere microbes play in disease resistance, even against foliar pathogens.

Targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry to explore the chemical diversity of the genus Gambierdiscus in the Atlantic Ocean - Thomas Yon; Damien Réveillon; Manoëlla Sibat; Chris Holland; R. Wayne Litaker; Silvia M. Nascimento; Araceli E. Rossignoli; Pilar Riobó; Philipp Hess; Samuel Bertrand (Phytochemistry, 2024)

Anti-plasmodial limonoids from Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. - Christopher J.D. Obbo; Elizabeth M. Mwangi; Samuel T. Kariuki; Jeremiah W. Gathirwa; Kate J. Fairhurst; Anna Y. Burkhard; David A. Fidock; Nicholas Sadgrove; Moses K. Langat; Eduard Mas-Claret; Dulcie A. Mulholland (Phytochemistry Letters, 2024)

Groundwater recharge is diffuse in semi-arid African drylands: Evidence from highly instrumented observatories - James P.R. Sorensen; Narcisse Z. Gahi; Samuel Guug; Anne Verhoef; Mahamadou Koïta; Wennegouda J.P. Sandwidi; William A. Agyekum; Collins Okrah; W. George Darling; Fabrice M.A. Lawson; Alan M. MacDonald; Jean-Michel Vouillamoz; et al. (Journal of Hydrology, 2024)

Control of cod-liver oil composition with laser scattering imaging combined with machine learning procedures: The cases of adulteration and oxidation - Samuel Verdú; Cristina Fuentes; Ana Fuentes; Alberto J. Pérez; José M. Barat; Raúl Grau (Journal of Food Engineering, 2024)

Lifetime of cm-sized zodiacal dust from the physical and dynamical evolution of meteoroid streams - Peter Jenniskens; Stuart Pilorz; Peter S. Gural; Dave Samuels; Steve Rau; Timothy M.C. Abbott; Jim Albers; Scott Austin; Dan Avner; Jack W. Baggaley; Tim Beck; Solvay Blomquist; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Determinants of host breadth in non-native bark and ambrosia beetles - Soňa Šenfeldová; Thomas H. Atkinson; Miloš Knížek; Robert J. Rabaglia; Nathan P. Havill; Samuel F. Ward; Marek Turčáni; Andrew M. Liebhold (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Examining racial and ethnic heat exposure disparities in New York City (NYC) across different spatial and political scales through geographic effect measure modification - Nadav L. Sprague; Stephen P. Uong; Ahuva L. Jacobowitz; Samuel E. Packard; James W. Quinn; Katherine M. Keyes; Andrew G. Rundle (Environmental Research, 2024)

Paradigm of integrative OMICS of microbial technology towards biorefinery prospects - Samuel Jacob; Gunasekaran Rajeswari; Awantika Rai; Sushree Shweta Tripathy; Swathy Gopal; Eeshita Das; Vinod Kumar; S.P. Jeevan Kumar; Tejraj M. Aminabhavi; Vijay Kumar Garlapati (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2024)

Deforestation narrows pollen diet diversity of generalist orchid bees - Samuel Boff; Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz; Josué Raizer; Gercy S. Pinto; Larysson F. Santos; Breno M. Freitas; Claudia Inês da Silva; J. Javier G. Quezada-Euàn; Antonella Soro; Isabel Alves-dos-Santos (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2024)
Orchid bee species are important pollinators in the Neotropics. While male orchid bees are known to have a close interaction with odor-rewarding flowers, orchid bee females are often pollen generalists. In the current study, we investigated differences in the pollen diet diversity of orchid bees in various vegetation types and across sites with varying levels of forest cover by means of an analysis of the frass pellets of the orchid bee, Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758), and multiple species based on a literature review. The pollen grains found in the inner part of brood cells were used to assess the plant composition making up the diet of E. cordata in various areas of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. We found that this plant composition differed among vegetation types, and that diet specialization was lower in forested areas. Forest cover appeared to be the factor mostly associated with pollen richness in nests of E. cordata . Number of brood cells per nest were also associated with forest cover. The model used to assess the effect of forest cover on plant richness as part of brood diet of E. cordata was tested with the inclusion of published data and a newly generated data for E. annectans . This new data set allowed to understand the influence of forest in the pollen diet of multiple species in a more extensive geographic scale. Forest cover appeared to be important for a diversified pollen diet in several orchid bee species. Implications for insect conservation Since a diversified pollen diet offered to larva bees is associated with bee survival and health, our results indicate that orchid bees relying on areas with higher forest cover have a more resilient population. Such findings emphasize the importance of conservation of forests, especially in the Neotropical region where many pollinator species are adapted to continuous forest environments.

Impact of prior antihypertensive treatment on COVID-19 outcomes, by active ingredient - Rosa María García-Álvarez; Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro; Irene Visos-Varela; Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández; Samuel Pintos-Rodríguez; Maria Piñeiro-Lamas; Teresa M. Herdeiro; Adolfo Figueiras; Angel Salgado-Barreira; Rosendo Bugarín-González; Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez; Francisco J. González-Barcala; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2024)
Objectives To assess the impact of prior chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/ angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), both as a group and by active ingredient, on severity (risk of hospitalization and mortality), progression of and susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods We conducted a multiple population-based case–control study in Galicia (north-west Spain). The study data were sourced from medical, administrative and clinical databases. We assessed: (1) risk of hospitalization, by selecting all patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with PCR + as cases, and a random sample of subjects without a PCR + as controls; (2) COVID-19 mortality risk; (3) risk of disease progression; and (4) susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, considering all patients with PCR + as cases, and the same subjects used in the previous model as controls. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated. Results ACEIs and ARBs were shown to decrease the risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.78 [95%CI 0.69–0.89] and aOR = 0.80 [95%CI 0.72–0.90] respectively), risk of mortality (aOR = 0.71 [95%CI 0.52–0.98] and aOR = 0.69 [95%CI 0.52–0.91] respectively), and susceptibility to the virus (aOR = 0.88 [95%CI 0.82–0.94] and aOR = 0.92 [95%CI 0.86–0.97] respectively). By active ingredient: use of enalapril was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.72 [95%CI 0.61–0.85]), mortality (aOR = 0.59 [95%CI 0.38–0.92]) and susceptibility to COVID-19 (aOR = 0.86 [95%CI 0.79–0.94]); and use of candesartan was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.76 [95%CI 0.60–0.95]), mortality (aOR = 0.36 [95%CI 0.17–0.75]) and disease progression (aOR = 0.73 [95%CI 0.56–0.95]). Conclusion This large-scale real-world data study suggest that enalapril and candesartan are associated with a considerable reduction in risk of severe COVID19 outcomes.

Broad-scale genetic population connectivity in the Moreton Bay Bug (Thenus australiensis) on Australia’s east coast - Matthew N. McMillan; Naomi Brunjes; Samuel M. Williams; Bonnie J. Holmes (Hydrobiologia, 2024)
Understanding population connectivity helps inform resource and conservation managers about appropriate boundaries for management units. However, for many species facing recent increases in fishing or environmental pressure, accurate information on population structure is lacking. Reef Bugs ( Thenus australiensis ), commonly known as Moreton Bay Bugs, are iconic shovel-nosed lobsters in northern Australia and an increasingly important fisheries resource. Around 80% of landings occur in the Queensland East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery (ECOTF) where the first stock assessment of the species is underway. However, knowledge about population structure to inform stock assessment is lacking. We used genome complexity reduction-based sequencing to characterise high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) used to evaluate population structure among three management zones of the ECOTF. Post-filtering, a total of 3,031 SNPs were used to infer no genetic differences among locations indicating strong genetic population connectivity. The presence of a single panmictic population was further supported by cluster and kinship analyses. Broad-scale genetic connectivity likely results from pelagic larval dispersal due to limited adult movements. Findings of high gene flow among connected populations indicate a single biological stock of T. australiensis on Australia’s east coast and will inform future fisheries management initiatives.

Synthesizing environmental, epidemiological and vector and parasite genetic data to assist decision making for disease elimination - Himal Shrestha; Karen McCulloch; Rebecca H. Chisholm; Samuel K. Armoo; Francis Veriegh; Neha Sirwani; Katie E. Crawford; Mike Y. Osei‐Atweneboana; Warwick N. Grant; Shannon M. Hedtke (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
We present a framework for identifying when conditions are favourable for transmission of vector‐borne diseases between communities by incorporating predicted disease prevalence mapping with landscape analysis of sociological, environmental and host/parasite genetic data. We explored the relationship between environmental features and gene flow of a filarial parasite of humans, Onchocerca volvulus , and its vector, blackflies in the genus Simulium . We generated a baseline microfilarial prevalence map from point estimates from 47 locations in the ecological transition separating the savannah and forest in Ghana, where transmission of O. volvulus persists despite onchocerciasis control efforts. We generated movement suitability maps based on environmental correlates with mitochondrial population structure of 164 parasites from 15 communities and 93 vectors from only four sampling sites, and compared these to the baseline prevalence map. Parasite genetic distance between sampling locations was significantly associated with elevation ( r = .793, p = .005) and soil moisture ( r = .507, p = .002), while vector genetic distance was associated with soil moisture ( r = .788, p = .0417) and precipitation ( r = .835, p = .0417). The correlation between baseline prevalence and parasite resistance surface maps was stronger than that between prevalence and vector resistance surface maps. The centre of the study area had high prevalence and suitability for parasite and vector gene flow, potentially contributing to persistent transmission and suggesting the importance of re‐evaluating transmission zone boundaries. With suitably dense sampling, this framework can help delineate transmission zones for onchocerciasis and would be translatable to other vector‐borne diseases.

Wildfire smoke impacts lake ecosystems - Mary Jade Farruggia; Janice Brahney; Andrew J. Tanentzap; Jennifer A. Brentrup; Ludmila S. Brighenti; Sudeep Chandra; Alicia Cortés; Rocio L. Fernandez; Janet M. Fischer; Alexander L. Forrest; Yufang Jin; Kenneth Larrieu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Wildfire activity is increasing globally. The resulting smoke plumes can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers, reflecting or scattering sunlight and depositing particles within ecosystems. Several key physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes are controlled by factors affected by smoke. The spatial and temporal scales of lake exposure to smoke are extensive and under‐recognized. We introduce the concept of the lake smoke‐day, or the number of days any given lake is exposed to smoke in any given fire season, and quantify the total lake smoke‐day exposure in North America from 2019 to 2021. Because smoke can be transported at continental to intercontinental scales, even regions that may not typically experience direct burning of landscapes by wildfire are at risk of smoke exposure. We found that 99.3% of North America was covered by smoke, affecting a total of 1,333,687 lakes ≥10 ha. An incredible 98.9% of lakes experienced at least 10 smoke‐days a year, with 89.6% of lakes receiving over 30 lake smoke‐days, and lakes in some regions experiencing up to 4 months of cumulative smoke‐days. Herein we review the mechanisms through which smoke and ash can affect lakes by altering the amount and spectral composition of incoming solar radiation and depositing carbon, nutrients, or toxic compounds that could alter chemical conditions and impact biota. We develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes known and theoretical impacts of smoke on lakes to guide future research. Finally, we identify emerging research priorities that can help us better understand how lakes will be affected by smoke as wildfire activity increases due to climate change and other anthropogenic activities.

Lack of population structure in an important fishery species of mud shrimp, Trypaea australiensis - Renae L. Kirby; Catheline Y. M. Froehlich; Samuel Greaves; O. Selma Klanten; Marian Y. L. Wong (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2024)
From a conservation standpoint, species that are managed without consideration of their population sizes and connectivity have the potential to be over‐exploited and/or incur population decline. The burrowing shrimp, Trypaea australiensis, is an important ecosystem engineer and fishery resource caught in large numbers for which population information is unknown for properly managing the species. Here, we determined the level of population structure of T. australiensis across three locations along the East Coast of New South Wales, Australia, using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through double digest Restriction‐site Associated DNA‐sequencing (ddRAD‐seq). Analysis of population structure, including pairwise Fst (−0.003 to −0.001), STRUCTURE ( K = 2) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) showed no evidence of structure among locations. Our findings provide crucial preliminary population genetic data for a key cryptic species, that also suggests gene flow among sampling locations enables the management of fisheries throughout the study area as a single unit.

Studying interactions among anthropogenic stressors in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments - James A. Orr; Samuel J. Macaulay; Adriana Mordente; Benjamin Burgess; Dania Albini; Julia G. Hunn; Katherin Restrepo‐Sulez; Ramesh Wilson; Anne Schechner; Aoife M. Robertson; Bethany Lee; Blake R. Stuparyk; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Understanding the interactions among anthropogenic stressors is critical for effective conservation and management of ecosystems. Freshwater scientists have invested considerable resources in conducting factorial experiments to disentangle stressor interactions by testing their individual and combined effects. However, the diversity of stressors and systems studied has hindered previous syntheses of this body of research. To overcome this challenge, we used a novel machine learning framework to identify relevant studies from over 235,000 publications. Our synthesis resulted in a new dataset of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments in freshwater systems. By summarizing the methods used in these studies, quantifying trends in the popularity of the investigated stressors, and performing co‐occurrence analysis, we produce the most comprehensive overview of this diverse field of research to date. We provide both a taxonomy grouping the 909 investigated stressors into 31 classes and an open‐source and interactive version of the dataset ( https://jamesaorr.shinyapps.io/freshwater‐multiple‐stressors/ ). Inspired by our results, we provide a framework to help clarify whether statistical interactions detected by factorial experiments align with stressor interactions of interest, and we outline general guidelines for the design of multiple‐stressor experiments relevant to any system. We conclude by highlighting the research directions required to better understand freshwater ecosystems facing multiple stressors.

A century of statistical Ecology - Neil A. Gilbert; Bruna R. Amaral; Olivia M. Smith; Peter J. Williams; Sydney Ceyzyk; Samuel Ayebare; Kayla L. Davis; Wendy Leuenberger; Jeffrey W. Doser; Elise F. Zipkin (Ecology, 2024)
As data and computing power have surged in recent decades, statistical modeling has become an important tool for understanding ecological patterns and processes. Statistical modeling in ecology faces two major challenges. First, ecological data may not conform to traditional methods, and second, professional ecologists often do not receive extensive statistical training. In response to these challenges, the journal Ecology has published many innovative statistical ecology papers that introduced novel modeling methods and provided accessible guides to statistical best practices. In this paper, we reflect on Ecology 's history and its role in the emergence of the subdiscipline of statistical ecology, which we define as the study of ecological systems using mathematical equations, probability, and empirical data. We showcase 36 influential statistical ecology papers that have been published in Ecology over the last century and, in so doing, comment on the evolution of the field. As data and computing power continue to increase, we anticipate continued growth in statistical ecology to tackle complex analyses and an expanding role for Ecology to publish innovative and influential papers, advancing the discipline and guiding practicing ecologists.

Importance of methodological pluralism in deriving counterfactuals for evidence‐based conservation - Petra Holden; Molly Anderson; Frank Eckardt; Gina Ziervogel; Samuel L. Jack; Mark G. New; Julian Smit; Martine Visser; M. Timm Hoffman (Conservation Biology, 2024)
Most protected area impact research that uses counterfactuals draws heavily on quantitative methods, data, and knowledge types, making it valuable in producing generalizations but limited in temporal scope, historical detail, and habitat diversity and coverage of ecosystem services. We devised a methodological pluralistic approach, which supports social science qualitative methods, narratives, mixed methods, and interdisciplinarity, to fully unlock the potential of counterfactuals in ensuring a place‐based and detailed understanding of the socioecological context and impacts of protected areas. We applied this approach to derive possible counterfactual conditions for the impact of a montane protected area on 40 years of vegetation change in the Cape Floristic Region—a global biodiversity hotspot and UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa. We incorporated diverse methods, knowledge, and information sources, drawing on before–after protected area comparisons for inside and outside the protected area. A significant increase in shrubland vegetation (17–30%) was observed and attributed primarily to a decline in frequent burning for grazing. This also occurred outside the protected area and was driven by socioeconomic drivers and not by concerns over biodiversity conservation or land degradation. Had the protected area not been established the area would have seen intensification of cultivation and increased road networks, buildings, and water storage in dams. Our approach increased historical temporal coverage of socioecological change and contextualized assumptions around causality. Protected area impact evaluation should reengage in place‐based research that fully incorporates pluralism in methodologies for constructing counterfactuals in a way that builds regional and global understanding from the local level upward. We devised 10 key principles for deriving counterfactuals grounded in methodological pluralism, covering aspects of collaboration, cocreation, inter‐ and transdisciplinarity, diverse values and lived experiences, multiple knowledge types, multiple possible causal mechanisms, social science qualitative methods, perceptions, perspectives, and narratives.

Trade-offs between sociality and gastrointestinal parasite infection in the context of a natural disaster - Melissa A. Pavez-Fox; Carla M. Escabi-Ruiz; Jordan D.A. Hart; Josue E. Negron-Del Valle; Daniel Phillips; Angelina Ruiz-Lambides; Samuel E. Bauman; Melween I. Martinez; Michael J. Montague; Michael L. Platt; James P. Higham; Noah Snyder-Mackler; et al. (Animal Behaviour, 2024)

The socioecological benefits and consequences of oil palm cultivation in its native range: The Sustainable Oil Palm in West Africa (SOPWA) Project - Michael D. Pashkevich; Cicely A.M. Marshall; Benedictus Freeman; Valentine J. Reiss-Woolever; Jean-Pierre Caliman; Julia Drewer; Becky Heath; Matthew T. Hendren; Ari Saputra; Jake Stone; Jonathan H. Timperley; William Draper; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Retention of CO ice and gas within 486958 Arrokoth - Samuel P.D. Birch; Orkan M. Umurhan (Icarus, 2024)

Climate forecast skill and teleconnections on seasonal time scales over Central Africa based on the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) - Roméo S. Tanessong; Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo; Samuel Kaissassou; G. M. Guenang; A. J. Komkoua Mbienda; Lucie A. Djiotang Tchotchou; Armand F. Tchinda; Derbetini A. Vondou; Wilfried M. Pokam; Pascal M. Igri; Zéphirin D. Yepdo (Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2024)

No coral recovery three years after a major bleaching event in reefs in the Southwestern Atlantic refugium - Beatriz M. Corazza; Carlos H. F. Lacerda; Arthur Z. Güth; Renata K. M. Marcançoli; Adalto Bianchini; Emiliano N. Calderon; Kátia C. C. Capel; Edmilson Conceição; Samuel C. Faria; Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho; Amana G. Garrido; Flávia M. Guebert; et al. (Marine Biology, 2024)

Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations - Nikhil N. Chaudhari; Phoebe E. Imms; Nahian F. Chowdhury; Margaret Gatz; Benjamin C. Trumble; Wendy J. Mack; E. Meng Law; M. Linda Sutherland; James D. Sutherland; Christopher J. Rowan; L. Samuel Wann; Adel H. Allam; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations ( N = 1024; age range = 46–83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants ( N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.

Upscaling marine forest restoration: challenges, solutions and recommendations from the Green Gravel Action Group - Georgina Valentine Wood; Karen Filbee-Dexter; Melinda Ann Coleman; Jurgen Valckenaere; J. David Aguirre; Paige M. Bentley; Paul Carnell; Phoebe Damayanthi Dawkins; Lauren N. Dykman; Hannah S. Earp; Leeann B. Ennis; Prue Francis; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Introduction To counteract the rapid loss of marine forests globally and meet international commitments of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the Convention on Biological Diversity ‘30 by 30’ targets, there is an urgent need to enhance our capacity for macroalgal restoration. The Green Gravel Action Group (GGAG) is a global network of 67 members that are working on the restoration of a diverse range of macroalgal forests and it aims to facilitate knowledge exchange to fast-track innovation and implementation of outplanting approaches worldwide. Methods Here, we overview 25 projects conducted by members of the group that are focused on testing and developing techniques for macroalgal restoration. Based on these projects, we summarise the major challenges associated with scaling up the area of marine forests restored. Results We identify several critical challenges that currently impede more widespread rollout of effective large-scale macroalgal restoration worldwide: 1) funding and capacity limitations, 2) difficulties arising from conditions at restoration sites, 3) technical barriers, and 4) challenges at the restoration-policy interface. Discussion Despite these challenges, there has been substantial progress, with an increasing number of efforts, community engagement and momentum towards scaling up activities in recent years. Drawing on the collective expertise of the GGAG, we outline key recommendations for the scaling up of restoration efforts to match the goals of international commitments. These include the establishment of novel pathways to fund macroalgal restoration activities, building skills and capacity, harnessing emerging innovations in mobile hatchery and seeding technologies, and the development of the scientific and governance frameworks necessary to implement and monitor macroalgal restoration projects at scale.

Beescapes – extracting pollen from historical Danish beeswax to explore honeybee foraging - Tuuli M. Kasso; Annette Bruun Jensen; Samuel Johns; Mélanie Roffet-Salque; Matthew J. Collins; Renée Enevold (Palynology, 2024)

Advancing our understanding of plant diversity-biological invasion relationships using imaging spectroscopy - Hamed Gholizadeh; M. Ny Aina Rakotoarivony; Kianoosh Hassani; Kayla G. Johnson; Robert G. Hamilton; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Fabian D. Schneider; Benedicte Bachelot (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Investigating speleothem magnetism as a proxy for dust mobilization and rainfall - Kimberly Hess; Roger R. Fu; Samuel Piascik; Nicolas M. Stríkis; Ricardo I.F. Trindade; Tyler Kukla; Alec R. Brenner; Plinio Jaqueto; Michail I. Petaev; Francisco W. Cruz; Placido Fabricio Silva Melo Buarque; Carlos Pérez-Mejías; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Global wild rice germplasm resources conservation alliance: World Wild-Rice Wiring - Xiaoming Zheng; Disna Ratnasekera; Jiayu Fan; Robert J. Henry; Beng-Kah Song; Kenneth M. Olsen; Bal Krishna Joshi; Maria Celeste N. Banaticla-Hilario; Tonapha Pusadee; Adane Getachew Melaku; Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko; Koukham Vilayheuang; et al. (Molecular Plant, 2024)

Unlocking nature's toolbox: Kinetin-producing Priestia flexa VL1 paves the way for efficient bioremediation of chromium-contaminated environments - P. Ravishankar; M. Srinivas Ravi; K. Bharathi; Satheesh K. Subramanian; Samuel K. Asiedu; D. Selvaraj (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Silica polymerization and nanocolloid nucleation and growth kinetics in aqueous solutions - Samuel Scott; Iwona M. Galeczka; Ingvi Gunnarsson; Stefán Arnórsson; Andri Stefánsson (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride causes functional inhibition of mitochondria as potently as canonical mitotoxicants, nanostructural disruption of mitochondria, and mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux in living rodent and primary human cells - Sasha R. Weller; John E. Burnell; Brandon M. Aho; Bright Obeng; Emily L. Ledue; Juyoung K. Shim; Samuel T. Hess; Julie A. Gosse (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Efficient removal of triclosan from water through activated carbon adsorption and photodegradation processes - Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo; Lázaro Adrián González-Fernández; Raúl Ocampo-Pérez; Roberto Leyva-Ramos; Guilherme Luiz-Dotto; Rogelio Flores-Ramírez; Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta; Miguel Mauricio Aguilera-Flores; Francisco Carrasco-Marín; Héctor Hernández-Mendoza; Samuel Aguirre-Contreras; Manuel Sánchez-Polo; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

Correction to: The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh‑Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer‑Civiello; Rodrigo Beas‑Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)

The Kelp Forest ﻿Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh-Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer-Civiello; Rodrigo Beas-Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)
Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp forests are entirely absent from the international conservation dialogue. No international laws, policies, or targets focus on kelp forests and very few countries consider them in their national policy. The Kelp Forest Challenge addresses that gap. Together with 252 kelp experts, professionals, and citizens from 25 countries, the Kelp Forest Challenge was developed as a grassroots vision of what the world can achieve for kelp forest conservation. It is a global call to restore 1 million and protect 3 million hectares of kelp forests by 2040. This is a monumental challenge, that will require coordination across multiple levels of society and the mobilization of immense resources. Pledges may therefore include area for protection or restoration, enabling pledges which assist in conservation (funding, equipment, professional expertise, capacity building), or awareness-based pledges which increase awareness or education about kelp forests. Correspondingly, participants may be from government, scientific institutions, private sector, NGOs, community groups, or individuals. This challenge is the beginning of a 17-year mission to save our kelp forests and anyone and any organisation is invited to participate.

Harassment and killing of porpoises (“phocoenacide”) by fish‐eating Southern Resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) - Deborah A. Giles; Sarah J. Teman; Samuel Ellis; John K. B. Ford; Monika W. Shields; M. Bradley Hanson; Candice K. Emmons; Paul E. Cottrell; Robin W. Baird; Richard W. Osborne; Michael Weiss; David K. Ellifrit; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)
Endangered Southern Resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) are fish‐eaters that preferentially prey on adult Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). Despite being salmon specialists, individuals from all three killer whale pods (J, K, L) have been observed harassing and killing porpoises (family Phocoenidae) without consuming them. Retrospectively, we identified and analyzed 78 episodes of Southern Resident killer whales harassing porpoises between 1962 and 2020, of which 28 resulted in the porpoise's death (“phocoenacide”). Fifty‐six episodes involved harbor porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ), 13 involved Dall's porpoise ( Phocoenoides dalli ), and the porpoise species was unreported for nine episodes. Southern Resident killer whales often targeted young porpoises that were similar in size to adult Chinook salmon. Both sexes participated in porpoise harassment. Juveniles engaged in the behavior the most; however, their rates of engagement were not found to differ significantly from most other age classes. The behavior was passed through generations and social groupings, as it was first observed in L pod and spread to the other two pods. Killer whales are highly complex animals known to exhibit social learning and cultural transmission of learned behaviors, but the reason(s) for this behavior is unknown. Hypotheses include the social and developmental benefits of play, hunting practice, or displaced epimeletic behavior.

Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol - Marcel A. K. Jansen; Anthony L. Andrady; Paul W. Barnes; Rosa Busquets; Laura E. Revell; Janet F. Bornman; Pieter J. Aucamp; Alkiviadis F. Bais; Anastazia T. Banaszak; Germar H. Bernhard; Laura S. Bruckman; Donat‐P. Häder; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)

Evaluating top‐down, bottom‐up, and environmental drivers of pelagic food web dynamics along an estuarine gradient - Tanya L. Rogers; Samuel M. Bashevkin; Christina E. Burdi; Denise D. Colombano; Peter N. Dudley; Brian Mahardja; Lara Mitchell; Sarah Perry; Parsa Saffarinia (Ecology, 2024)
Identification of the key biotic and abiotic drivers within food webs is important for understanding species abundance changes in ecosystems, particularly across ecotones where there may be strong variation in interaction strengths. Using structural equation models (SEMs) and four decades of integrated data from the San Francisco Estuary, we investigated the relative effects of top‐down, bottom‐up, and environmental drivers on multiple trophic levels of the pelagic food web along an estuarine salinity gradient and at both annual and monthly temporal resolutions. We found that interactions varied across the estuarine gradient and that the detectability of different interactions depended on timescale. For example, for zooplankton and estuarine fishes, bottom‐up effects appeared to be stronger in the freshwater upstream regions, while top‐down effects were stronger in the brackish downstream regions. Some relationships (e.g., bottom‐up effects of phytoplankton on zooplankton) were seen primarily at annual timescales, whereas others (e.g., temperature effects) were only observed at monthly timescales. We also found that the net effect of environmental drivers was similar to or greater than bottom‐up and top‐down effects for all food web components. These findings can help identify which trophic levels or environmental factors could be targeted by management actions to have the greatest impact on estuarine forage fishes and the spatial and temporal scale at which responses might be observed. More broadly, this study highlights how environmental gradients can structure community interactions and how long‐term data sets can be leveraged to generate insights across multiple scales.

Uncovering the magnitude of African pangolin poaching with extensive nanopore DNA genotyping of seized scales - Darren Yeo; Amy H. J. Chan; Kum Chew Hiong; Jasmine Ong; Jun Yuan Ng; Jie Min Lim; Wendy Zhang; Sara R. Lim; Charlene J. Fernandez; Anna M‐S. Wong; Benjamin P. Y‐H. Lee; Max D. Y. Khoo; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2024)
Trade in pangolins is illegal, and yet tons of their scales and products are seized at various ports. These large seizures are challenging to process and comprehensively genotype for upstream provenance tracing and species identification for prosecution. We implemented a scalable DNA barcoding pipeline in which rapid DNA extraction and MinION sequencing were used to genotype a substantial proportion of pangolin scales subsampled from 2 record shipments seized in Singapore in 2019 (37.5 t). We used reference sequences to match the scales to phylogeographical regions of origin. In total, we identified 2346 cytochrome b ( cytb ) barcodes of white‐bellied ( Phataginus tricuspis ) (from 1091 scales), black‐bellied ( Phataginus tetradactyla ) (227 scales), and giant ( Smutsia gigantea ) (1028 scales) pangolins. Haplotype diversity was higher for P. tricuspis scales (121 haplotypes, 66 novel) than that for P. tetradactyla (22 haplotypes, 15 novel) and S. gigantea (25 haplotypes, 21 novel) scales. Of the novel haplotypes, 74.2% were likely from western and west‐central Africa, suggesting potential resurgence of poaching and newly exploited populations in these regions. Our results illustrate the utility of extensively subsampling large seizures and outline an efficient molecular approach for rapid genetic screening that should be accessible to most forensic laboratories and enforcement agencies.

Emerging ecological trends in West Africa: implications on soil organic matter and other soil quality indicators - Samuel Ayodele Mesele; Caleb Melenya Ocansey; Amelie Bougma; Jamiu O. Azeez; Godwin A. Ajiboye; Vincent Logah; Halidou Compaore; Elmar M. Veenendaal; Jonathan Lloyd (Plant and Soil, 2024)

Learning ratio performance on a brief visual learning and memory test moderates cognitive training gains in Double Decision task in healthy older adults - Cheshire Hardcastle; Jessica N. Kraft; Hanna K. Hausman; Andrew O’Shea; Alejandro Albizu; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; Eric Porges; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Wastewater based surveillance can be used to reduce clinical testing intensity on a university campus - Ayaaz Amirali; Kristina M. Babler; Mark E. Sharkey; Cynthia C. Beaver; Melinda M. Boone; Samuel Comerford; Daniel Cooper; Benjamin B. Currall; Kenneth W. Goodman; George S. Grills; Erin Kobetz; Naresh Kumar; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Shining in or fading out: Do precious metals sparkle for cryptocurrencies? - Afsheen Abrar; Muhammad Abubakr Naeem; Sitara Karim; Brian M. Lucey; Samuel A. Vigne (Resources Policy, 2024)

Biosediment assemblages reveal disrupted silica cycling and redox conditions throughout the Rhaetian Stage: Evidence for a precursor event to the end-Triassic mass extinction - Annaka M. Clement; Lydia S. Tackett; Samuel Marolt (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2024)

Empowerment and disempowerment in community-based natural resource management: Examining CREMA outcomes in Ghana - Samuel M. Mawutor; Reem Hajjar (Land Use Policy, 2024)

Association of pesticide exposure with neurobehavioral outcomes among avocado farmworkers in Mexico - Maria José Rosa; Cynthia Armendáriz-Arnez; Esteve Gudayol-Ferré; Manuela Prehn; Samuel Fuhrimann; Brenda Eskenazi; Christian H. Lindh; Ana M. Mora (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2024)

Restored Oxbow Wetlands within an Agricultural Landscape: Using Physical and Biological Characteristics to Evaluate Impacts of Tile Drainage Input - Samuel S. Leberg; Dylan M. Osterhaus; Clay L. Pierce; Timothy W. Stewart (Wetlands, 2024)

The FluidFlower Validation Benchmark Study for the Storage of CO$$_2$$ - Bernd Flemisch; Jan M. Nordbotten; Martin Fernø; Ruben Juanes; Jakub W. Both; Holger Class; Mojdeh Delshad; Florian Doster; Jonathan Ennis-King; Jacques Franc; Sebastian Geiger; Dennis Gläser; et al. (Transport in Porous Media, 2024)
Successful deployment of geological carbon storage (GCS) requires an extensive use of reservoir simulators for screening, ranking and optimization of storage sites. However, the time scales of GCS are such that no sufficient long-term data is available yet to validate the simulators against. As a consequence, there is currently no solid basis for assessing the quality with which the dynamics of large-scale GCS operations can be forecasted. To meet this knowledge gap, we have conducted a major GCS validation benchmark study. To achieve reasonable time scales, a laboratory-size geological storage formation was constructed (the “FluidFlower”), forming the basis for both the experimental and computational work. A validation experiment consisting of repeated GCS operations was conducted in the FluidFlower, providing what we define as the true physical dynamics for this system. Nine different research groups from around the world provided forecasts, both individually and collaboratively, based on a detailed physical and petrophysical characterization of the FluidFlower sands. The major contribution of this paper is a report and discussion of the results of the validation benchmark study, complemented by a description of the benchmarking process and the participating computational models. The forecasts from the participating groups are compared to each other and to the experimental data by means of various indicative qualitative and quantitative measures. By this, we provide a detailed assessment of the capabilities of reservoir simulators and their users to capture both the injection and post-injection dynamics of the GCS operations.

Correction: Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, over nearly five decades - Colin A. Chapman; Samuel Angedakin; Thomas M. Butynski; Jan F. Gogarten; John C. Mitani; Thomas T. Struhsaker (Primates, 2024)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the regeneration process in the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus exhibit indications of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AICP) - Kamarajan Rajagopalan; Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj; Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai; Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj; Puja Das; Apoorva Roy; Chaughule Vrushali; Nehla Siraj M. Chemmet (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2024)

Carbon-based adsorbents for the mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: a review of recent research - S. Shyamalagowri; H. A. Bhavithra; N. Akila; S. Samuel Gladstone Jeyaraj; J. Aravind; M. Kamaraj; Saravanan Pandiaraj (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2024)

Thiamin dynamics during the adult life cycle of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) - Vittoria Todisco; Emil Fridolfsson; Charlotte Axén; Elin Dahlgren; Maciej J. Ejsmond; Marc M. Hauber; Kjetil Hindar; Petter Tibblin; Markus Zöttl; Linda Söderberg; Samuel Hylander (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
Thiamin is an essential water‐soluble B vitamin known for its wide range of metabolic functions and antioxidant properties. Over the past decades, reproductive failures induced by thiamin deficiency have been observed in several salmonid species worldwide, but it is unclear why this micronutrient deficiency arises. Few studies have compared thiamin concentrations in systems of salmonid populations with or without documented thiamin deficiency. Moreover, it is not well known whether and how thiamin concentration changes during the marine feeding phase and the spawning migration. Therefore, samples of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) were collected when actively feeding in the open Baltic Sea, after the sea migration to natal rivers, after river migration, and during the spawning period. To compare populations of Baltic salmon with systems without documented thiamin deficiency, a population of landlocked salmon located in Lake Vänern (Sweden) was sampled as well as salmon from Norwegian rivers draining into the North Atlantic Ocean. Results showed the highest mean thiamin concentrations in Lake Vänern salmon, followed by North Atlantic, and the lowest in Baltic populations. Therefore, salmon in the Baltic Sea seem to be consistently more constrained by thiamin than those in other systems. Condition factor and body length had little to no effect on thiamin concentrations in all systems, suggesting that there is no relation between the body condition of salmon and thiamin deficiency. In our large spatiotemporal comparison of salmon populations, thiamin concentrations declined toward spawning in all studied systems, suggesting that the reduction in thiamin concentration arises as a natural consequence of starvation rather than to be related to thiamin deficiency in the system. These results suggest that factors affecting accumulation during the marine feeding phase are key for understanding the thiamin deficiency in salmonids.

An XAS study of Hg(II) sorption to Al-based drinking water treatment residuals - Samuel M. Wallace; Lang Zhou; Qing Ma; Nancy D. Denslow; Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo; Jean-Francois Gaillard (Chemosphere, 2024)

Molecular epidemiology and current management of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) infection in Ghanaian cultured tilapia - Angela N.A. Ayiku; Abigail A. Adelani; Patrick Appenteng; Mary Nkansa; Joyce M. Ngoi; Collins M. Morang'a; Francis Dzabeng; Richard Paley; Kofitsyo S. Cudjoe; David Verner-Jeffreys; Peter K. Quashie; Samuel Duodu (Aquaculture, 2024)

Differential content of leaf and fruit pigment in tomatoes culminate in a complex metabolic reprogramming without growth impacts - Auderlan M. Pereira; Auxiliadora O. Martins; William Batista-Silva; Jorge A. Condori-Apfata; Victor F. Silva; Leonardo A. Oliveira; Eduarda Santos Andrade; Samuel C.V. Martins; David B. Medeiros; Vitor L. Nascimento; Alisdair R. Fernie; Adriano Nunes-Nesi; et al. (Journal of Plant Physiology, 2024)

The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 2: Modeling the influence of topography and vegetation - Samuel J. Bower; Charles M. Shobe; Aaron E. Maxwell; Benjamin Campforts (Geomorphology, 2024)

Environmental justice and human well-being bundles in protected areas: An assessment in Campo Ma'an landscape, Cameroon - Ahmad Dhiaulhaq; Catherine M. Hepp; Laetitia M. Adjoffoin; Corine Ehowe; Samuel Assembe-Mvondo; Grace Y. Wong (Forest Policy and Economics, 2024)

Non-destructive inspection of unsaturated fat-enriched food matrices by laser scattering imaging - Samuel Verdú; Cristina Fuentes; Ana Fuentes; Alberto J. Pérez; José M. Barat; Raúl Grau (Food Control, 2024)

Comparing the susceptibility to sanitizers, biofilm-forming ability, and biofilm resistance to quaternary ammonium and chlorine dioxide of 43 Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes strains - Rafael D. Chaves; Samuel H. Kumazawa; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Verônica O. Alvarenga; Humberto M. Hungaro; Anderson S. Sant’Ana (Food Microbiology, 2024)

Paint Speckle Application Recommendations for Digital Image Correlation Analysis of Brazilian Tensile Strength Tests on Low-Porosity Rocks - Samuel K. Woodland; Émelie Gagnon; Timothy R. M. Packulak; Agatha Dobosz; Jennifer J. Day (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2024)

Soil mineralogical and nutrient characteristics of forest islands and surrounding ecosystem types in West Africa suggest anthropogenic soil improvement - Samuel A. Mesele; Caleb Melenya; Amelie Bougma; Jamiu O. Azeez; Godwin A. Ajiboye; William Dubbin; Vincent Logah; Halidou Compaore; Elmar M. Veenendaal; Jonathan Lloyd (Plant and Soil, 2024)

Droplet size and hydraulic spray nozzles in peanut plant spray deposition - Gabriela G. P. Buosi; Arthur D. R. Neto; Paulo R. M. Lopes; Samuel Ferrari; Júlio C. Guerreiro; Pedro J. F. Filho; Ronaldo C. Lima; Vagner Nascimento; Marina Funichello; Carlos G. Raetano; Evandro P. Prado (Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2024)

Efficacy of a mirid predator and an eulophid parasitoid to the tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli control on pepper plants - Alejandro O. Guzmán-Pedraza; Ana Mabel Martínez; Ángel Rebollar-Alviter; Luis J. Palma-Castillo; Sinue I. Morales-Alonso; Juan M. Chavarrieta-Yáñez; José I. Figueroa; Samuel Pineda (BioControl, 2024)

The impact of a tDCS and cognitive training intervention on task-based functional connectivity - Jessica N. Kraft; Aprinda Indahlastari; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Hanna K. Hausman; Cheshire Hardcastle; Alejandro Albizu; Andrew O’Shea; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Evidence of a small, island-associated population of common bottlenose dolphins in the Mariana Islands - Karen K. Martien; Marie C. Hill; Frederick I. Archer; Robin W. Baird; Andrea R. Bendlin; Louella Dolar; Allan D. Ligon; Erin M. Oleson; Kelly M. Robertson; Samuel M. Woodman; Adam C. Ü; Kymberly M. Yano; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Small, island-associated populations of cetaceans have evolved around numerous oceanic islands, likely due to habitat discontinuities between nearshore and offshore waters. However, little is known about the ecology and structure of cetacean populations around the Mariana Islands, a remote archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean. We present sighting, photo-identification, and genetic data collected during twelve years of surveys around these islands that reveal the existence of a small, island-associated population of bottlenose dolphins. Nearly half of the photo-identified individuals were encountered in more than one year. Both haplotypic and nuclear genetic diversity among sampled individuals was low (haplotypic diversity = 0.701, nuclear heterozygosity = 0.658), suggesting low abundance. We used mark-recapture analysis of photo-identification data to estimate yearly abundance in the southern portion of the population’s range from 2011 to 2018. Each abundance estimate was less than 54 individuals, with each upper 95% confidence interval below 100. Additional survey effort is necessary to generate a full population abundance estimate. We found extensive introgression of Fraser’s dolphin DNA into both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of the population, suggesting at least two hybridization events more than two generations in the past. The Mariana Islands are used extensively by the U.S. military for land and sea training operations. Thus, this unique bottlenose dolphin population likely faces high exposure to multiple threats.

The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 1: How mining changes erosion processes and variables - Charles M. Shobe; Samuel J. Bower; Aaron E. Maxwell; Rachel C. Glade; Nacere M. Samassi (Geomorphology, 2024)

Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial - Alison Looby; Annalisa V. Piccorelli; Lauren Zimmerman; Caitlin Falco; Nicholas R. Livingston; Cody Akin; Samuel Benton; Laura M. Juliano (Psychopharmacology, 2024)

Investigation of Cerebral Mitochondrial Injury in a Porcine Survivor Model of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - Constantine D. Mavroudis; Alistair Lewis; John C. Greenwood; Matthew Kelly; Tiffany S. Ko; Rodrigo M. Forti; Samuel S. Shin; Frances S. Shofer; Johannes K. Ehinger; Wesley B. Baker; Todd J. Kilbaugh; David H. Jang (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2024)

Genomics‐informed conservation units reveal spatial variation in climate vulnerability in a migratory bird - Caitlin V. Miller; Christen M. Bossu; James F. Saracco; David P. L. Toews; Clark S. Rushing; Amélie Roberto‐Charron; Junior A. Tremblay; Richard B. Chandler; Matthew G. DeSaix; Cameron J. Fiss; Jeff L. Larkin; Samuel Haché; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Identifying genetic conservation units (CUs) in threatened species is critical for the preservation of adaptive capacity and evolutionary potential in the face of climate change. However, delineating CUs in highly mobile species remains a challenge due to high rates of gene flow and genetic signatures of isolation by distance. Even when CUs are delineated in highly mobile species, the CUs often lack key biological information about what populations have the most conservation need to guide management decisions. Here we implement a framework for CU identification in the Canada Warbler ( Cardellina canadensis ), a migratory bird species of conservation concern, and then integrate demographic modelling and genomic offset to guide conservation decisions. We find that patterns of whole genome genetic variation in this highly mobile species are primarily driven by putative adaptive variation. Identification of CUs across the breeding range revealed that Canada Warblers fall into two evolutionarily significant units (ESU), and three putative adaptive units (AUs) in the South, East, and Northwest. Quantification of genomic offset, a metric of genetic changes necessary to maintain current gene–environment relationships, revealed significant spatial variation in climate vulnerability, with the Northwestern AU being identified as the most vulnerable to future climate change. Alternatively, quantification of past population trends within each AU revealed the steepest population declines have occurred within the Eastern AU. Overall, we illustrate that genomics‐informed CUs provide a strong foundation for identifying current and future regional threats that can be used to inform management strategies for a highly mobile species in a rapidly changing world.

Avoidance behavior of Hyalella azteca in response to three common-use insecticides - Miranda Johns; Kyle Deloe; Lynne E. Beaty; Adam M. Simpson; Samuel A. Nutile (Chemosphere, 2023)

Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the methanol root extract of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) in mice and rats - Yemi A. Adekunle; Babatunde B. Samuel; Joshua U. Ezeuduji; Oluwasegun A. Adedokun; Wande M. Oluyemi; Lutfun Nahar; Amos A. Fatokun; Satyajit D. Sarker (South African Journal of Botany, 2023)

Human-environment interactions in the Mesolithic – The case of site Paliwodzizna 29, a lakeside site in central Poland - Grzegorz Osipowicz; Monika Badura; Tony Brown; Samuel M. Hudson; Michał Jankowski; Daniel Makowiecki; Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz; Justyna Orłowska; Marcin Sykuła; Piotr Weckwerth (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Predicting fish by-product proteolysis status by RGB laser-scattering imaging combined with machine learning procedures - Samuel Verdú; Cristina Fuentes; Ana Fuentes; Alberto J. Pérez; José M. Barat; Raúl Grau (Journal of Food Engineering, 2023)

Early-stage analysis on developing different oat (Avena sativa L) added value fractions by ultrasound-assisted three-phase partition (UATPP): Effect of variables on yield and environmental impacts - Samuel Perez-Vega; Samuel Ayokanmbi; Ebenezer M. Kwofie; Ogan Mba; Ivan Salmeron; Nestor Gutierrez; Michael Ngadi (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

In response to the Letter to the Editor from Xiao regarding our article, “FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil” - Jeanne M. Davidsen; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Nigel J. Gooderham; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Thomas J. Rosol; Christie L. Harman; Danarubini Ramanan; Sean V. Taylor (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Functionalized magnetic graphene oxide composites for selective toxic metal adsorption - Jessica M.A. Freire; Ícaro O. Moreira; Antonia M. de M. França; Luiz T.V. da Silva; Luis P.M. dos Santos; Samuel Lucas Santos Medeiros; Igor F. de Vasconcelos; Adonay R. Loiola; Renato A. Antunes; Ronaldo F. do Nascimento; Elisane Longhinotti (Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 2023)

Molecular camouflage by a context-specific hydrogel as the key to unlock the potential of viral vector gene therapy - Shiva Soltani Dehnavi; Arianna Cembran; Negar Mahmoudi; Lilith M Caballero Aguilar; Yi Wang; Samuel Cheeseman; Nicolo Malagutti; Stephanie Franks; Benjamin Long; Leszek Lisowski; Alan R Harvey; Clare L. Parish; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Neuroimaging of opioid exposure: a review of preclinical animal models to inform addiction research - Helen M. Kamens; Samuel Cramer; Rachel N. Hanley; Spencer Chase; Anna Wickenheisser; William J. Horton; Nanyin Zhang (Psychopharmacology, 2023)

Three areas of cranial evolution in the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis): An initial report on asymmetry, ontogeny and modularity - O. M. Samuel; O. O. Igado; A. J. Adekanmbi (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2023)

The Value of Networking in Cancer Education and Capacity Building - Emad Shash; Ghada A. Soliman; Wahid Al-kharusi; Maha Yahia; Julius Mwaiselage; Dewani Mesemo; Chacha Mwita; Samuel Gathere; Leo Masamba; Henda Rais; Mustafa Hussein; Victoria Ngo; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

A 43-year of human thermal comfort in Central Africa - Samuel Kaissassou; A. J. Komkoua; M. Guenang; P-S. Ngohe-Ekam; I. Njouenwet; H. Rigong (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2023)

Cleaner and sustainable synthesis of high-quality monoglycerides by use of enzyme technologies: techno-economic and environmental study for monolaurin - Ahmad Mustafa; Sara Fathy; Ozben Kutlu; Fumiya Niikura; Abrar Inayat; Muhamad Mustafa; Tamer M. M. Abdellatief; Awais Bokhari; Olusegun David Samuel; Carlo Pastore; Luigi di Bitonto; M. A. Tawfik; et al. (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2023)
Currently, monoglycerides (MG) are produced using a complicated energy-intensive technology that contributes negatively toward greenhouse gas mitigation. This work suggests a cleaner and simpler one-step enzymatic production of α -monolaurin in an inert membrane reactor, where the reaction and enzyme separation are conducted simultaneously in one unit. Candida antarctica lipase (Lipozyme 435) was used to catalyze the esterification reaction between lauric acid and glycerin in a solvent-free system under mild temperatures. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimal conditions were a molecular sieve of 14.85% w/w, a temperature of 56.95 °C, an enzyme amount of 5.38% w/w, and a molar ratio of 4.75% w/w. The gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the α-monolaurin percentage was 49.5% when the enzymatic process (ENZ) was used. The conventional chemical (CHEM) and autocatalytic (AUT) esterification methods were also performed to study their proportional MG yields. The GC results showed the MG percentages of 43.9 and 41.7% for CHEM and AUT, respectively. Economic analysis was also conducted for the suggested enzymatic technique, and the findings were compared with those of the CHEM and AUT technologies. Using a plant capacity of 4950 t/year and 11% interest for the proposed ENZ process, the total capital investment of α-monolaurin production was preferably four times less than that of the CHEM process and three times less than that of the AUT method, presenting investment possibilities. However, the ENZ process showed the least profitability (net profit per day) among the three processes. Nevertheless, the return on investment and net present value for the ENZ process were preferably higher than those of CHEM and AUT because of its interestingly lower inside battery limit plant cost and less energy consumption. The AUT/CHEM processes generated a total carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exhaust of 678.7 t CO 2 eq./year. In contrast, the ENZ process exhausted a total CO 2 of only 50 t CO 2 eq./year. The present integrated techno-economic and environmental study of α-monolaurin production emphasizes the green and cost benefits of the proposed ENZ technology. Graphical Abstract

Organic sulfur from source to sink in low‐sulfate Lake Superior - Alexandra A. Phillips; Imanol Ulloa; Emily Hyde; Julia Agnich; Lewis Sharpnack; Katherine G. O'Malley; Samuel M. Webb; Kathryn M. Schreiner; Cody S. Sheik; Sergei Katsev; Morgan Reed Raven (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Organic sulfur plays a crucial role in the biogeochemistry of aquatic sediments, especially in low sulfate ( μ M) environments like freshwater lakes and the Earth's early oceans. To better understand organic sulfur cycling in these systems, we followed organic sulfur in the sulfate‐poor ( μ M) iron‐rich (30–80 μ M) sediments of Lake Superior from source to sink. We identified microbial populations with shotgun metagenomic sequencing and characterized geochemical species in porewater and solid phases. In anoxic sediments, we found an active sulfur cycle fueled primarily by oxidized organic sulfur. Sediment incubations indicated a microbial capacity to hydrolyze sulfonates, sulfate esters, and sulfonic acids to sulfate. Gene abundances for dissimilatory sulfate reduction ( dsrAB ) increased with depth and coincided with sulfide maxima. Despite these indicators of sulfide formation, sulfide concentrations remain low (

Detecting the invasive Lespedeza cuneata in grasslands using commercial small satellite imagery - M. Ny Aina Rakotoarivony; Hamed Gholizadeh; William M. Hammond; Kianoosh Hassani; Omkar Joshi; Robert G. Hamilton; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Amy M. Trowbridge; Henry D. Adams (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2023)

A novel strategy to predict clonal composites by jointly modeling spatial variation and genetic competition - Filipe M. Ferreira; Saulo F.S. Chaves; Leonardo L. Bhering; Rodrigo S. Alves; Elizabete K. Takahashi; João E. Sousa; Marcos D.V. Resende; Fernando P. Leite; Salvador A. Gezan; José M.S. Viana; Samuel B. Fernandes; Kaio O.G. Dias (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Evaluating the trophic transfer of PCBs from fish to humans: Insights from a synergism of environmental monitoring and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling - Adam M. Simpson; Samuel A. Nutile; Olivia C. Hodgson; Ashley E. Russell; Jeremiah D. Keyes; Cody C. Wood; Ronald J. Buckanovich (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, over nearly five decades - Colin A. Chapman; Samuel Angedakin; Thomas M. Butynski; Jan F. Gogarten; John C. Mitani; Thomas T. Struhsaker (Primates, 2023)

Attraction of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), to healthy and damaged strawberry plants mediated by volatile cues - Neby M. Mérida-Torres; Leopoldo Cruz-López; Edi A. Malo; Samuel Cruz-Esteban (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2023)

Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials - James S. Kimber; Joshua G. Kovoor; John M. Glynatsis; Samuel J. West; Thi Thien Nhi Mai; Jonathan Henry W. Jacobsen; Christopher D. Ovenden; Stephen Bacchi; Joseph N. Hewitt; Aashray K. Gupta; Suzanne Edwards; Fiona J. Taverner; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023)
Purpose Nausea is a common and unpleasant sensation for which current therapies such as serotonin (5-HT 3 ) antagonists are often ineffective, while also conferring a risk of potential adverse events. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been proposed as a treatment for nausea. We aimed to compare IPA with 5-HT 3 antagonists for the treatment of nausea across all clinical settings. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception to 17 July 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled IPA and a 5-HT 3 antagonist for treatment of nausea. Severity and duration of nausea, rescue antiemetic use, adverse events and patient satisfaction were the outcomes sought. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Combination of meta-analyses and narrative review was used to synthesise findings. The evidence was appraised using GRADE. Results From 1242 records, 4 RCTs were included with 382 participants. Participants receiving IPA had a significantly lower mean time to 50% reduction in nausea (MD − 20.06; 95% CI − 26.26, − 13.85). Nausea score reduction at 30 min was significantly greater in the IPA group (MD 21.47; 95% CI 15.47, 27.47). IPA led to significantly reduced requirement for rescue antiemetics (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.95; p = 0.03). IPA led to no significant difference in patient satisfaction when compared with a 5-HT 3 antagonist. The overall GRADE assessment of evidence quality ranged from very low to low. Conclusion IPA may provide rapid, effective relief of nausea when compared with 5-HT 3 antagonists.

Control Banding and the Global Rise of Qualitative Risk Assessment Strategies - Juliana H. Halbach; John M. Cala; Samuel Y. Paik; David M. Zalk (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2023)