The Arctic and the future Arctic? Soundscapes and marine mammal communities on the east and west sides of Svalbard characterized through acoustic data - Samuel M. Llobet; Heidi Ahonen; Christian Lydersen; Kit M. Kovacs (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, is warming rapidly, resulting in environmental change that is likely already affecting the underwater soundscape, a critical habitat feature for marine mammals. Baseline information about current sound levels is needed to monitor future changes. Fixed-location recorders were used in this study to characterize the soundscape and study the occurrence and phenology of marine mammals at two locations within Svalbard. Kongsfjorden (2017-2018), on the west coast, has already undergone vast environmental change, whereas M2 (2019-2020), on the east coast, remains more Arctic. The results of the study reveal that the soundscapes and species assemblages differed markedly west vs east. In the west, Arctic species were detected from winter to summer and migrant marine mammal species were detected occasionally through the autumn. In the east, Arctic species were detected constantly on an almost year-round basis, and a few migrant species were detected during summer. Vessels were detected more often in the west than in the east, in accordance with AIS traffic data that indicated more boat traffic in Kongsfjorden in the west than in the east of the archipelago. In terms of soundscapes, geophonies (wind, ice) were the main factors determining the sound energy at both locations. Kongsfjorden’s soundscape was characterized by glacier-melt sounds with moderate levels of anthropogenic noise and some biophonies (marine mammals). At M2, sea-ice noises shaped the soundscape, which was otherwise dominated by biophonies from Arctic marine mammals. At the east coast site there was little impact from anthropophonies (vessels). This study provides information on Svalbard’s current underwater soundscape, which is likely to be transformed in the future due to ongoing climate change, with the west coast reflecting future conditions in many Arctic regions if ship-traffic is not regulated.

Connecting memory and functional brain networks in older adults: a resting-state fMRI study - Jori L. Waner; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Cheshire Hardcastle; Nicole D. Evangelista; Andrew O’Shea; Alejandro Albizu; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Preliminary assessment of bacterial antibiotic resistance and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus titer in three Florida commercial citrus groves - Marie de Gracia Coquerel; Jieli Wegerif; Andrew McAuley; Quentin D. Read; Nabil Chowdhury; Kwang Cheol Jeong; J. Glenn Morris; Samuel J. Martins; Erica M. Goss; Marina S. Ascunce (Crop Protection, 2023)

A newly discovered 2030–2010 Ma magmatic suite records the dawn of Proterozoic extension on the southern margin of the Yilgarn Craton - Naomi M. Tucker; Justin L. Payne; Anthony I. Kemp; Christopher L. Kirkland; Ashleigh Smyth; Warrick Tunmer; Stephanie Harvey; Melissa Stinear; Adrian Machuca; Samuel Rangel Suarez; Bert De Waele (Precambrian Research, 2023)

Influence of the aqueous matrix on the degradation of cyanotoxins by CWPO: A study on the Iberian Peninsula freshwaters - David Ortiz; Macarena Munoz; Samuel Cirés; José L. Arribas Mediero; Maria C. Crisostomo; Andrea C. Forero Ortiz; Zahara M. de Pedro; Frank Rogalla; Antonio Quesada; Jose A. Casas (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023)

Detailed hydrocarbon speciation and particulate matter emissions during cold-start from turbocharged and naturally aspirated trucks - Melanie Moses-DeBusk; John M.E. Storey; Samuel A. Lewis Sr.; R. Maggie Connatser; Shannon M. Mahurin; Shean Huff; Cyril V. Thompson; Yensil Park (Fuel, 2023)

Ten questions concerning smart and healthy built environments for older adults - Sanjay Kumar; Samuel H. Underwood; Julie L. Masters; Natalie A. Manley; Iason Konstantzos; Josephine Lau; Ryan Haller; Lily M. Wang (Building and Environment, 2023)

SBcoyote: An extensible Python-based reaction editor and viewer - Jin Xu; Gary Geng; Nhan D. Nguyen; Carmen Perena-Cortes; Claire Samuels; Herbert M. Sauro (BioSystems, 2023)

Calculation, visualization, and interpretation of three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean coupled empirical orthogonal functions using the reanalyses data - Thomas Q. Bui; Danielle Lafarga; Thomas M. Smith; Yuhe T. Song; Samuel S. P. Shen (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2023)

Effect of genotype on growth, fear-related behaviours, and walking ability of FUNAAB Alpha broiler chickens - Samuel O. Durosaro; Oluwaseun S. Iyasere; David O. Oguntade; Babatunde M. Ilori; Victor J. Oyeniran; Taye E. Eniafe; Rofiat O. Adeyemi; Samuel E. Adu; Michael O. Ozoje (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2023)

A molecularly imprinted screen-printed carbon electrode for electrochemical epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol metabolites detection in human sweat - Samuel M. Mugo; Scott V. Robertson; Weihao Lu (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2023)

Correction to: Island characteristics and species traits predict mammal diversity across islands of the great lakes of North America - Nathaniel H. Wehr; Hailey M. Boone; Samuel R. Wehr; Jerrold L. Belant (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)

LP-57: Increasing Confidence in New Approach Methodologies for Inhalation Risk Assessment with Multiple End Point Assays Using 5-day RepeatExposure to 1,3-dichloropropene - I. Paudel; R. Barutcu; R. Samuel; M. Moreau; S. Slattery; J. Scaglione; L. Recio (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Monkeypox viral nucleic acids detected using both DNA and RNA extraction workflows - Mark E. Sharkey; Kristina M. Babler; Bhavarth S. Shukla; Samantha M. Abelson; Bader Alsuliman; Ayaaz Amirali; Samuel Comerford; George S. Grills; Naresh Kumar; Jennifer Laine; Jisue Lee; Walter E. Lamar; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Sage oil, Orris Root Extract and Tagetes Oil and related flavoring ingredients - Nigel J. Gooderham; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Thomas J. Rosol; Jeanne M. Davidsen; Christie L. Harman; Shannen E. Kelly; Sean V. Taylor (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Complementarity of road salt and heavy metal pollutant removal through invasive Typha and Phragmites harvest in urban wetland detention basins - Andrew M. Monks; Shane C. Lishawa; Brian M. Ohsowski; Samuel J. Schurkamp; Beth A. Lawrence (Ecological Engineering, 2023)

Nickel enhances rice resistance against Bipolaris oryzae infection - Caroline Hawerroth; Andersom M. Einhardt; Bianca A. Fontes; Verônica V. Brás; Samuel V. Valadares; Fabrício A. Rodrigues (Plant and Soil, 2023)

Constitutively Synergistic Multiagent Drug Formulations Targeting MERTK, FLT3, and BCL-2 for Treatment of AML - James M. Kelvin; Juhi Jain; Aashis Thapa; Min Qui; Lacey A. Birnbaum; Samuel G. Moore; Henry Zecca; Ryan J. Summers; Jeffrey M. Switchenko; Emma Costanza; Biaggio Uricoli; Xiaodong Wang; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2023)

Seasonal development of a tidal mixing front drives shifts in community structure and diversity of bacterioplankton - Nathan G. King; Sophie‐B Wilmes; Samuel S. Browett; Amy Healey; Allan D. McDevitt; Niall J. McKeown; Ronan Roche; Ilze Skujina; Dan A. Smale; Jamie M. Thorpe; Shelagh Malham (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Bacterioplankton underpin biogeochemical cycles and an improved understanding of the patterns and drivers of variability in their distribution is needed to determine their wider functioning and importance. Sharp environmental gradients and dispersal barriers associated with ocean fronts are emerging as key determinants of bacterioplankton biodiversity patterns. We examined how the development of the Celtic Sea Front (CF), a tidal mixing front on the Northwest European Shelf affects bacterioplankton communities. We performed 16S‐rRNA metabarcoding on 60 seawater samples collected from three depths (surface, 20 m and seafloor), across two research cruises (May and September 2018), encompassing the intra‐annual range of the CF intensity. Communities above the thermocline of stratified frontal waters were clearly differentiated and less diverse than those below the thermocline and communities in the well‐mixed waters of the Irish Sea. This effect was much more pronounced in September, when the CF was at its peak intensity. The stratified zone likely represents a stressful environment for bacterioplankton due to a combination of high temperatures and low nutrients, which fewer taxa can tolerate. Much of the observed variation was driven by Synechococcus spp. (cyanobacteria), which were more abundant within the stratified zone and are known to thrive in warm oligotrophic waters. Synechococcus spp. are key contributors to global primary productivity and carbon cycling and, as such, variability driven by the CF is likely to influence regional biogeochemical processes. However, further studies are required to explicitly link shifts in community structure to function and quantify their wider importance to pelagic ecosystems.

A holistic and comprehensive data approach validates the distribution of the critically endangered flapper skate ( Dipturus intermedius ) - Amy Garbett; Sophie L. Loca; Thomas Barreau; Manuel Biscoito; Caroline Bradley; Joe Breen; Maurice Clarke; Jim R. Ellis; Andrew M. Griffiths; Gary Hannon; Klara Jakobsdóttir; Claudia Junge; et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
Morphological similarities between skates of the genus Dipturus in the north‐eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean have resulted in longstanding confusion, misidentification and misreporting. Current evidence indicates that the common skate is best explained as two species, the flapper skate ( Dipturus intermedius ) and the common blue skate ( D. batis ). However, some management and conservation initiatives developed prior to the separation continue to refer to common skate (as ‘ D. batis’ ). This taxonomic uncertainty can lead to errors in estimating population viability, distribution range, and impact on fisheries management and conservation status. Here, we demonstrate how a concerted taxonomic approach, using molecular data and a combination of survey, angler and fisheries data, in addition to expert witness statements, can be used to build a higher resolution picture of the current distribution of D. intermedius . Collated data indicate that flapper skate has a more constrained distribution compared to the perceived distribution of the ‘common skate’, with most observations recorded from Norway and the western and northern seaboards of Ireland and Scotland, with occasional specimens from Portugal and the Azores. Overall, the revised spatial distribution of D. intermedius has significantly reduced the extant range of the species, indicating a possibly fragmented distribution range.

Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees? - Robson Borges de Lima; Eric Bastos Görgens; Diego Armando S. da Silva; Cinthia Pereira de Oliveira; Anderson Pedro B. Batista; Rinaldo L. Caraciolo Ferreira; Flavia R. C. Costa; Renato A. Ferreira de Lima; Perseu da Silva Aparício; Jadson Coelho de Abreu; José Antônio Aleixo da Silva; Aretha Franklin Guimaraes; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.

Human‐induced salinity changes impact marine organisms and ecosystems - Till Röthig; Stacey M. Trevathan‐Tackett; Christian R. Voolstra; Cliff Ross; Samuel Chaffron; Paul J. Durack; Laura M. Warmuth; Michael Sweet (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Climate change is fundamentally altering marine and coastal ecosystems on a global scale. While the effects of ocean warming and acidification on ecology and ecosystem functions and services are being comprehensively researched, less attention is directed toward understanding the impacts of human‐driven ocean salinity changes. The global water cycle operates through water fluxes expressed as precipitation, evaporation, and freshwater runoff from land. Changes to these in turn modulate ocean salinity and shape the marine and coastal environment by affecting ocean currents, stratification, oxygen saturation, and sea level rise. Besides the direct impact on ocean physical processes, salinity changes impact ocean biological functions with the ecophysiological consequences are being poorly understood. This is surprising as salinity changes may impact diversity, ecosystem and habitat structure loss, and community shifts including trophic cascades. Climate model future projections (of end of the century salinity changes) indicate magnitudes that lead to modification of open ocean plankton community structure and habitat suitability of coral reef communities. Such salinity changes are also capable of affecting the diversity and metabolic capacity of coastal microorganisms and impairing the photosynthetic capacity of (coastal and open ocean) phytoplankton, macroalgae, and seagrass, with downstream ramifications on global biogeochemical cycling. The scarcity of comprehensive salinity data in dynamic coastal regions warrants additional attention. Such datasets are crucial to quantify salinity‐based ecosystem function relationships and project such changes that ultimately link into carbon sequestration and freshwater as well as food availability to human populations around the globe. It is critical to integrate vigorous high‐quality salinity data with interacting key environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, nutrients, oxygen) for a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenically induced marine changes and its impact on human health and the global economy.

Ocean mixing during Hurricane Ida (2021): the impact of a freshwater barrier layer - Travis N. Miles; Samuel J. Coakley; Julia M. Engdahl; Johna E. Rudzin; Senam Tsei; Scott M. Glenn (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Tropical cyclones are one of the costliest and deadliest natural disasters globally, and impacts are currently expected to worsen with a changing climate. Hurricane Ida (2021) made landfall as a category 4 storm on the US Gulf coast after intensifying over a Loop Current eddy and a freshwater barrier layer. This freshwater layer extended from the coast to the open ocean waters south of the shelf-break of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). An autonomous underwater glider sampled this ocean feature ahead of Hurricane Ida operated through a partnership between NOAA, Navy, and academic institutions. In this study we evaluate hurricane upper ocean metrics ahead of and during the storm as well as carry out 1-D shear driven mixed layer model simulations to investigate the sensitivity of the upper ocean mixing to a barrier layer during Ida’s intensification period. In our simulations we find that the freshwater barrier layer inhibited cooling by as much as 57% and resulted in enhanced enthalpy flux to the atmosphere by as much as 11% and an increase in dynamic potential intensity (DPI) of 5 m s -1 (~9.72 knots) in the 16 hours leading up to landfall. This highlights the utility of new ocean observing systems in identifying localized ocean features that may impact storm intensity ahead of landfall. It also emphasizes the northern Gulf of Mexico and the associated Mississippi River plume as a region and feature where the details of upper ocean metrics need to be carefully considered ahead of landfalling storms.

Neanderthal footprints in the “Matalascañas trampled surface” (SW Spain): new OSL dating and Mousterian lithic industry - Carlos Neto de Carvalho; Fernando Muñiz; Luis M. Cáceres; Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal; Alicia Medialdea; Miren del Val; Pedro Proença Cunha; Jose María García; Francisco Giles-Guzmán; José S. Carrión; Zain Belaústegui; Antonio Toscano; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Coastal raptors and raiders: New bird tracks in the Pleistocene of SW iberian Peninsula - Carlos Neto de Carvalho; João Belo; Silvério Figueiredo; Pedro P. Cunha; Fernando Muñiz; Zain Belaústegui; Mário Cachão; Joaquín Rodriguez-Vidal; Luis M. Cáceres; Andrea Baucon; Andrew S. Murray; Jan-Pieter Buylaert; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Corrigendum to “A DNA-structured mathematical model of cell-cycle progression in cyclic hypoxia” [J. Theor. Biol. 545 (2022) 111104] - Giulia L. Celora; Samuel B. Bader; Ester M. Hammond; Philip K. Maini; Joe M. Pitt-Francis; Helen M. Byrne (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2023)

Strain Amplitude Dependent Transition from Dynamic to Static Bulk Modulus in Rocks with and Without Pre-existing Cracks - Samuel Chapman; Jerome Fortin; Ariel Gallagher; Jan V. M. Borgomano (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2023)

Addressing child and maternal nutrition: a qualitative study on food prescriptions and proscriptions determining animal source food consumption in rural Kenya - Mercy M. Musyoka; Salome A. Bukachi; Geoffrey Otieno Muga; Elkanah Otiang; Emmah N. Kwoba; Samuel M. Thumbi (Food Security, 2023)
Animal source foods (ASFs) can play a critical role in the nutritional well-being of women and children. Although livestock ownership may translate to high availability of ASFs, community food prescriptions and proscriptions may determine consumption patterns and subsequent human nutritional status. This study sought to understand the existing dietary practices and underlying prescriptions and proscriptions of ASFs among women and children in Siaya County in western Kenya. The study was carried out among the Luo ethnic group in Siaya, western Kenya, within a livestock-keeping community where more than 90% of households kept at least one livestock species. Qualitative data collection was completed through 35 key informant interviews and 6 focus group discussions conducted between October and December 2018. Thematic analysis was used to establish and interpret patterns and relationships from emerging themes. We found male favoritism in food allocation and prohibition of eggs and (parts of) chicken, fish and meat for women and children, potentially contributing to low consumption of ASFs. Customary rites and ceremonies like funeral provided opportunities for the less fortunate to consume otherwise unaffordable and highly valued ASFs like meat. Religious beliefs and practices, unlike other cultural food beliefs and practices, remain rigid to change and thus contribute to low consumption of own-produced or locally available ASFs. To address protein malnutrition among these groups, our findings suggest improvement of animal production should be accompanied by interventions that address customary food prescriptions and proscriptions that may perpetuate low intake of ASFs especially among women of child-bearing age, mothers, pregnant women and children.

Understanding the impact of bioactive coating materials for human mesenchymal stromal cells and implications for manufacturing - Pedro Silva Couto; Samuel A. Molina; Denis O’Sullivan; Liam O’Neill; Alexander M. Lyness; Qasim A. Rafiq (Biotechnology Letters, 2023)
Bioactive materials interact with cells and modulate their characteristics which enable the generation of cell-based products with desired specifications. However, their evaluation and impact are often overlooked when establishing a cell therapy manufacturing process. In this study, we investigated the role of different surfaces for tissue culture including, untreated polystyrene surface, uncoated Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) and COP coated with collagen and recombinant fibronectin. It was observed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) expanded on COP-coated plates with different bioactive materials resulted in improved cell growth kinetics compared to traditional polystyrene plates and non-coated COP plates. The doubling time obtained was 2.78 and 3.02 days for hMSC seeded in COP plates coated with collagen type I and recombinant fibronectin respectively, and 4.64 days for cells plated in standard polystyrene treated plates. Metabolite analysis reinforced the findings of the growth kinetic studies, specifically that cells cultured on COP plates coated with collagen I and fibronectin exhibited improved growth as evidenced by a higher lactate production rate (9.38 × 10 5 and 9.67 × 10 5 pmol/cell/day, respectively) compared to cells from the polystyrene group (5.86 × 10 5 pmol/cell/day). This study demonstrated that COP is an effective alternative to polystyrene-treated plates when coated with bioactive materials such as collagen and fibronectin, however COP-treated plates without additional coatings were found not to be sufficient to support cell growth. These findings demonstrate the key role biomaterials play in the cell manufacturing process and the importance of optimising this selection.

Drivers of growth and establishment of the invasive plant Rumex acetosella within Andean fallow systems - Anna M. Visscher; Camilla Wellstein; Steven Vanek; Alessandro Bricca; Katherin Meza; Jhon Huaraca; Raul Ccanto; Edgar Olivera; José Loayza; Lionel Vigil; Samuel Palomino; Maria Scurrah; et al. (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Correction to: Analysing the distribution of strictly protected areas toward the EU2030 target - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti; Piero Zannini; Gianluca Piovesan; Nicola Alessi; Alberto Basset; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Michele Di Musciano; Richard Field; John M. Halley; Samuel Hoffmann; Jacopo Iaria; Athanasios Kallimanis; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)

Island characteristics and species traits predict mammal diversity across islands of the great lakes of North America - Nathaniel H. Wehr; Hailey M. Boone; Samuel R. Wehr; Jerrold L. Belant (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)

Analysing the distribution of strictly protected areas toward the EU2030 target - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti; Piero Zannini; Gianluca Piovesan; Nicola Alessi; Alberto Basset; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Michele Di Musciano; Richard Field; John M. Halley; Samuel Hoffmann; Jacopo Iaria; Athanasios Kallimanis; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2023)
Protecting global biodiversity is one of the most urgent tasks for the coming decades. Area-based conservation is a pillar for preserving ecosystems and species. Strictly protected areas specifically preserve biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The “EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030” targets strict protection for 10% of land area. Here we performed the first analysis of strictly protected areas (as IUCN type Ia, Ib, and II) across Europe, by investigating their area coverage at the level of biogeographical regions, countries and elevation gradients. We show that, with few exceptions, the amount of strictly protected area is very limited and the spatial distribution of such protected areas is biased towards higher elevation sites, as in the case of other protected areas. Then, we suggest that potential areas should be identified to expand strictly protected areas with low economic and social costs including, for instance, areas with high biodiversity value, low population, and low productive land use. Finally, we propose that a coordinated effort and a strategic plan to achieve continental-scale conservation are fundamental, and at least half of this land under strict conservation (i.e. 5%) should be under the protection categories Ia and Ib.

Natural gas odorants: A scoping review of health effects - Drew R. Michanowicz; Olivia M. Leventhal; Jeremy K. Domen; Samuel R. Williams; Eric D. Lebel; Lee Ann L. Hill; Jonathan J. Buonocore; Curtis L. Nordgaard; Aaron S. Bernstein; Seth B.C. Shonkoff (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2023)
Purpose of Review Organosulfur compounds are intentionally added to natural gas as malodorants with the intent of short-term nasal inhalation to aid in leak detection. Regulatory exposure limits have not been established for all commonly used natural gas odorants, and recent community-level exposure events and growing evidence of indoor natural gas leakage have raised concerns associated with natural gas odorant exposures. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed scientific publications on human exposures and animal toxicological studies of natural gas odorants to assess toxicological profiles, exposure potential, health effects and regulatory guidelines associated with commonly used natural gas odorants. Recent Findings We identified only 22 studies which met inclusion criteria for full review. Overall, there is limited evidence of both transient nonspecific health symptoms and clinically diagnosed causative neurotoxic effects associated with prolonged odorant exposures. Across seven community-level exposure events and two occupational case reports, consistent symptom patterns included: headache, ocular irritation, nose and throat irritation, respiratory complaints such as shortness of breath and asthma attacks, and skin irritation and rash. Of these, respiratory inflammation and asthma exacerbations are the most debilitating, whereas the high prevalence of ocular and dermatologic symptoms suggest a non-inhalation route of exposure. Summary The limited evidence available raises the possibility that organosulfur odorants may pose health risks at exposures much lower than presently understood, though additional dose-response studies are needed to disentangle specific toxicologic effects from nonspecific responses to noxious organosulfur odors. Numerous recommendations are provided including more transparent and prescriptive natural gas odorant use practices.

Metal ion content of internal organs in the calorically restricted Wistar rat - Alma I. Santos-Díaz; Jordi Solís-López; Elizabeth Díaz-Torres; José C. Guadarrama-Olmos; Beatriz Osorio; Thomas Kroll; Samuel M. Webb; Marcia Hiriart; Ismael Jiménez-Estrada; Fanis Missirlis (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2023)

Re: Yang et al., Arsenic exposures and prostate cancer risk: A multilevel meta-analysis [J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. (2022) 72 126992] - Paolo Boffetta; Giulia Collatuzzo; Samuel M. Cohen (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2023)

Identification, transformations and mobility of hazardous arsenic-based pigments on 19th century bookbindings in accessible library collections - Marc Vermeulen; Samuel M. Webb; Susan Russick; Alicia C. McGeachy; Karissa Muratore; Marc S. Walton (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Moonquake-triggered mass wasting processes on icy satellites - Mackenzie M. Mills; Robert T. Pappalardo; Mark P. Panning; Erin J. Leonard; Samuel M. Howell (Icarus, 2023)

An emergent treat: Marine heatwaves - Implications for marine decapod crustacean species - An overview - Marta Monteiro; Samuel L.P. de Castro; Sónia Cotrim Marques; Rosa Freitas; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro (Environmental Research, 2023)

Recent advances in modification of novel carbon-based composites: Synthesis, properties, and biotechnological/ biomedical applications - M. Abd Elkodous; Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede; Sumanta Sahoo; Rajesh Kumar (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023)

Spatiotemporal variation of behavior and repeatability in a long-lived turtle - Benjamin M. Reed; Kaylyn Hobelman; Aubrey Gauntt; Madison Schwenka; Abigail Trautman; Patience Wagner; Samantha Kim; Chelsea Armstrong; Samuel Wagner; Amelia Weller; Katie Brighton; Shelby Bloom; et al. (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2023)

Reconstructing the colonization history of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) in Northwestern Australia - Samuel Wittwer; Livia Gerber; Simon J. Allen; Erik P. Willems; Svenja M. Marfurt; Michael Krützen (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops spp.) are found in waters around Australia, with T. truncatus typically occupying deeper, more oceanic habitat, while T. aduncus occur in shallower, coastal waters. Little is known about the colonization history of T. aduncus along the Western Australian coastline; however, it has been hypothesized that extant populations are the result of an expansion along the coastline originating from a source in the north of Australia. To investigate the history of coastal T. aduncus populations in the area, we generated a genomic SNP dataset using a double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach. The resulting dataset consisted of 103,201 biallelic SNPs for 112 individuals which were sampled from eleven coastal and two offshore sites between Shark Bay and Cygnet Bay, Western Australia. Our population genomic analyses showed a pattern consistent with the proposed source in the north with significant isolation by distance along the coastline, as well as a reduction in genomic diversity measures along the coastline with Shark Bay showing the most pronounced reduction. Our demographic analysis indicated that the expansion of T. aduncus along the coastline began around the last glacial maximum and progressed southwards with the Shark Bay population being founded only 13 kya. Our results are in line with coastal colonization histories inferred for Tursiops globally, highlighting the ability of delphinids to rapidly colonize novel coastal niches as habitat is released during glacial cycle‐related global sea level and temperature changes.

MHC class II genes mediate susceptibility and resistance to coronavirus infections in bats - Dominik W. Schmid; Magdalena Meyer; Kerstin Wilhelm; Tatiana Tilley; Thomas Link‐Hessing; Ramona Fleischer; Ebenezer K. Badu; Evans Ewald Nkrumah; Samuel Kingsley Oppong; Nina Schwensow; Marco Tschapka; Heather J. Baldwin; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Understanding the immunogenetic basis of coronavirus (CoV) susceptibility in major pathogen reservoirs, such as bats, is central to inferring their zoonotic potential. Members of the cryptic Hipposideros bat species complex differ in CoV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the best understood genetic basis of pathogen resistance, and differences in MHC diversity are one possible reason for asymmetrical infection patterns among closely related species. Here, we aimed to link asymmetries in observed CoV (CoV‐229E, CoV‐2B and CoV‐2Bbasal) susceptibility to immunogenetic differences amongst four Hipposideros bat species. From the 2072 bats assigned to their respective species using the mtDNA cytochrome b gene, members of the most numerous and ubiquitous species, Hipposideros caffer D , were most infected with CoV‐229E and SARS‐related CoV‐2B. Using a subset of 569 bats, we determined that much of the existent allelic and functional (i.e. supertype) MHC DRB class II diversity originated from common ancestry. One MHC supertype shared amongst all species, ST12, was consistently linked to susceptibility with CoV‐229E, which is closely related to the common cold agent HCoV‐229E, and infected bats and those carrying ST12 had a lower body condition. The same MHC supertype was connected to resistance to CoV‐2B, and bats with ST12 were less likely be co‐infected with CoV‐229E and CoV‐2B. Our work suggests a role of immunogenetics in determining CoV susceptibility in bats. We advocate for the preservation of functional genetic and species diversity in reservoirs as a means of mitigating the risk of disease spillover.

Demystifying image-based machine learning: a practical guide to automated analysis of field imagery using modern machine learning tools - Byron T. Belcher; Eliana H. Bower; Benjamin Burford; Maria Rosa Celis; Ashkaan K. Fahimipour; Isabela L. Guevara; Kakani Katija; Zulekha Khokhar; Anjana Manjunath; Samuel Nelson; Simone Olivetti; Eric Orenstein; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Image-based machine learning methods are becoming among the most widely-used forms of data analysis across science, technology, engineering, and industry. These methods are powerful because they can rapidly and automatically extract rich contextual and spatial information from images, a process that has historically required a large amount of human labor. A wide range of recent scientific applications have demonstrated the potential of these methods to change how researchers study the ocean. However, despite their promise, machine learning tools are still under-exploited in many domains including species and environmental monitoring, biodiversity surveys, fisheries abundance and size estimation, rare event and species detection, the study of animal behavior, and citizen science. Our objective in this article is to provide an approachable, end-to-end guide to help researchers apply image-based machine learning methods effectively to their own research problems. Using a case study, we describe how to prepare data, train and deploy models, and overcome common issues that can cause models to underperform. Importantly, we discuss how to diagnose problems that can cause poor model performance on new imagery to build robust tools that can vastly accelerate data acquisition in the marine realm. Code to perform analyses is provided at https://github.com/heinsense2/AIO_CaseStudy .

Characterization of biophysical contexts leading to severe wildfires in Portugal and their environmental controls - José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga; Samuel Martins; Paulo M. Fernandes (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Implications of fire-induced evapotranspiration shifts for recharge-runoff generation and vegetation conversion in the western United States - Natalie M. Collar; Brian A. Ebel; Samuel Saxe; Ashley J. Rust; Terri S. Hogue (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Shifts in fisher (Pekania pennanti) diet in response to climate-induced tree mortality in California assessed with DNA metabarcoding - Kristine L. Pilgrim; Rebecca E. Green; Kathryn L. Purcell; Taylor M. Wilcox; Eric L. McGregor; Larissa E. Gleason; Samuel K. Wasser; Michael K. Schwartz (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Oak savanna vegetation response to layered restoration approaches: Thinning, burning, and grazing - Austin M. Yantes; Samuel P. Reed; Anna M. Yang; Rebecca A. Montgomery (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Repurposing FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of therapy-induced invadopodia activity in glioblastoma cells - Dylan Jones; Clarissa A. Whitehead; Marija Dinevska; Samuel S. Widodo; Liam M. Furst; Andrew P. Morokoff; Andrew H. Kaye; Katharine J. Drummond; Theo Mantamadiotis; Stanley S. Stylli (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2023)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary central nervous system tumour in adults. The lethality of GBM lies in its highly invasive, infiltrative, and neurologically destructive nature resulting in treatment failure, tumour recurrence and death. Even with current standard of care treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surviving tumour cells invade throughout the brain. We have previously shown that this invasive phenotype is facilitated by actin-rich, membrane-based structures known as invadopodia. The formation and matrix degrading activity of invadopodia is enhanced in GBM cells that survive treatment. Drug repurposing provides a means of identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs without the need for discovery or development and the associated time for clinical implementation. We investigate several FDA-approved agents for their ability to act as both cytotoxic agents in reducing cell viability and as ‘anti-invadopodia’ agents in GBM cell lines. Based on their cytotoxicity profile, three agents were selected, bortezomib, everolimus and fludarabine, to test their effect on GBM cell invasion. All three drugs reduced radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity, in addition to reducing GBM cell viability. These drugs demonstrate efficacious properties warranting further investigation with the potential to be implemented as part of the treatment regime for GBM.

Implementation During a Pandemic: Findings, Successes, and Lessons Learned from Community Grantees - Wilhelmenia Mathias; Karen A. Nichols; Jewel Golden-Wright; Ciaran M. Fairman; Tisha M. Felder; Lauren Workman; Karen E. Wickersham; Kimberly J. Flicker; Jingxi Sheng; Samuel B. Noblet; Swann Arp Adams; Jan M. Eberth; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

Global Warming Status in the African Continent: Sources, Challenges, Policies, and Future Direction - Heba Bedair; Mubaraka S. Alghariani; Esraa Omar; Quadri Agbolade Anibaba; Michael Remon; Charné Bornman; Samuel Kuria Kiboi; Hadeer Abdulrahman Rady; Abdul-Moomin Ansong Salifu; Soumya Ghosh; Reginald Tang Guuroh; Lassina Sanou; et al. (International Journal of Environmental Research, 2023)
Africa is the second largest continent after Asia, having a larger than 30 million km 2 area. Doubtlessly, one of the biggest ecological and societal problems of the twenty-first century is climate change. Since the early 1970s, it has been clear that Africa is already experiencing the effects of climate change, and it has given rise to a wide range of new and unusual phenomena, such as rising temperatures, poor agricultural output, extreme different weather scenarios, and the spread of disease, among other things. Therefore, the current review aims at screening the impact of climate change on agricultural sector, human health and food security in Africa compared to the other continents, evaluating the change projections in future and highlighting the role of African leaders in mitigating and adapting to these effects. Artificial intelligence, remote sensing, and high-tech algorithms were applied to analyze these effects. Historical data were downloaded in near real-time from January 2009 to the present from the FAO Water Productivity Open-access portal WaPOR and Terra Climate datasets on Earth Engine platform. Assessment process was performed using Google Earth Engine, whereas future data were downloaded from WorldClim 2.1. We used 2021–2040 timelines and two scenarios: SSP245 and SSP585. For the SSP and timeline, we downloaded four versions, based on four different global circulation models (GCMs): IPSL-CM6A-LR (France), MRI-ESM2-0 (Japan), CanESM5 (Canadian), and BCC-CSM2-MR (China), to reflect the uncertainty among GCMs. We averaged future projection of each variable and SSP across four GCMs to decrease the uncertainty connected with a particular GCM. We presented the averaged results as maps. Annual precipitation totals were significantly above average in Central and East Africa, while under SSP 245 scenario, Madagascar would experience high rainfall. The highest temperature anomalies were seen in parts of the Greater Horn of Africa, western equatorial regions, and the north-western part of the continent. Minimum and Maximum temperature predictions showed that Africa would experience harsh temperatures than previously recorded in the historical years. A high average maximum temperature is predicted across the sub-Sahara Africa, South Africa, Somalia, and Madagascar under SSP 245 and SSP 585. The MCD64A1 dataset tagged in Earth Engine was used to classify forest fire risk in Africa. Analysis revealed that the highest fire risk was recorded in Savannah in tropical and subtropical Africa. Further, changes in rainfall and increased temperature leading to increased evaporation would directly reduce runoff levels and recharge groundwater which in turn will have negative effects on biodiversity, agriculture, and food security. Notably, African leaders have played positive role in the recent climate negotiations and bright climate initiatives have been emerged. Hopefully they will solve the climate crisis across the continent.

A molten salt test loop for component and instrumentation testing - T.L. Head; Allison M. Berry; Keaton J. Brewster; Robert L. Brown; Hailey N. Burden; Reuben Byrd; Timothy Doty; Jess Dowdy; Kameron A. Hill; R.A. Jinkerson; Timothy J. Kennedy; Ronald C. Laehn; et al. (Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2023)

Intensification differentially affects the delivery of multiple ecosystem services in subtropical and temperate grasslands - Shishir Paudel; Nuria Gomez-Casanovas; Elizabeth H. Boughton; Samuel D. Chamberlain; Pradeep Wagle; Brekke L. Peterson; Rajen Bajgain; Patrick J. Starks; Jefferey Basara; Carl J. Bernacchi; Evan H. DeLucia; Laura E. Goodman; et al. (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Ant invasion is associated with lower root density and different root distribution of a foundational savanna tree species - Patrick D. Milligan; Todd M. Palmer; John S. Lemboi; John Mosiany; Samuel Mutisya; Benard Gituku; Alfred Kibungei; Elizabeth G. Pringle (Biological Invasions, 2023)

US regulations to curb alleged cancer causes are ineffectual and compromised by scientific, constitutional and ethical violations - Gio B. Gori; Michael Aschner; Christopher J. Borgert; Samuel M. Cohen; Daniel R. Dietrich; Corrado L. Galli; Helmut Greim; John S. Heslop-Harrison; Sam Kacew; Norbert E. Kaminski; James E. Klaunig; Hans W.J. Marquardt; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2023)
The 1958 Delaney amendment to the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act prohibited food additives causing cancer in animals by appropriate tests. Regulators responded by adopting chronic lifetime cancer tests in rodents, soon challenged as inappropriate, for they led to very inconsistent results depending on the subjective choice of animals, test design and conduct, and interpretive assumptions. Presently, decades of discussions and trials have come to conclude it is impossible to translate chronic animal data into verifiable prospects of cancer hazards and risks in humans. Such conclusion poses an existential crisis for official agencies in the US and abroad, which for some 65 years have used animal tests to justify massive regulations of alleged human cancer hazards, with aggregated costs of $trillions and without provable evidence of public health advantages. This article addresses suitable remedies for the US and potentially worldwide, by critically exploring the practices of regulatory agencies vis-á-vis essential criteria for validating scientific evidence. According to this analysis, regulations of alleged cancer hazards and risks have been and continue to be structured around arbitrary default assumptions at odds with basic scientific and legal tests of reliable evidence. Such practices raise a manifold ethical predicament for being incompatible with basic premises of the US Constitution, and with the ensuing public expectations of testable truth and transparency from government agencies. Potential remedies in the US include amendments to the US Administrative Procedures Act, preferably requiring agencies to justify regulations compliant with the Daubert opinion of the Daubert ruling of the US Supreme Court, which codifies the criteria defining reliable scientific evidence . International reverberations are bound to follow what remedial actions may be taken in the US, the origin of current world regulatory procedures to control alleged cancer causing agents.

Linked disturbance in the temperate forest: Earthworms, deer, and canopy gaps - Samuel P. Reed; Dustin R. Bronson; Jodi A. Forrester; Leah M. Prudent; Anna M. Yang; Austin M. Yantes; Peter B. Reich; Lee E. Frelich (Ecology, 2023)
Despite the large body of theory concerning multiple disturbances, relatively few attempts have been made to test the theoretical assumptions of how and if disturbances interact. Of particular importance is whether disturbance events are linked, as this can influence the probability and intensity of ecological change. Disturbances are linked when one disturbance event increases or decreases the likelihood or extent of another. To this end, we used two long‐term, multi‐disturbance experiments in northern Wisconsin to determine whether earthworm invasion is linked to canopy gap creation and white‐tailed deer browsing. These three disturbances are common and influential within North American temperate forests, making any interactions among them particularly important to understand. We expected both deer and canopy gaps to favor invasive earthworms, particularly species that live close to or on the soil surface. However, we found only partial support of our hypotheses, as both deer exclosures and canopy gaps decreased earthworms in each experiment. Further, earthworm density increased the most over time in areas far from the gap center and in areas with deer present. Deer exclosures primarily decreased Aporrectodea and Lumbricus species, while gaps decreased Dendrobaena and Lumbricus species. Our findings show that earthworm invasion is linked to deer presence and gap‐creating disturbances, which provides new insight in multiple disturbance theory, aboveground–belowground dynamics, and temperate forest management.

Modeling identifies variability in SARS-CoV-2 uptake and eclipse phase by infected cells as principal drivers of extreme variability in nasal viral load in the 48 h post infection - Jason Pearson; Timothy Wessler; Alex Chen; Richard C. Boucher; Ronit Freeman; Samuel K. Lai; Raymond Pickles; M. Gregory Forest (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2023)

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lemongrass oil, chamomile oils, citronella oil and related flavoring ingredients - Thomas J. Rosol; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Nigel J. Gooderham; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Jeanne M. Davidsen; Christie L. Harman; Shannen Kelly; Danarubini Ramanan; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

FEMA GRAS assessment of derivatives of basil, nutmeg, parsley, tarragon and related allylalkoxybenzene-containing natural flavor complexes - Jeanne M. Davidsen; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Nigel J. Gooderham; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Thomas J. Rosol; Christie L. Harman; Sean V. Taylor (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

A new lineage of fresh‐ and brackish‐water mussels (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) from Southeast Asia - Koh Siang Tan; Samuel H. M. Tan; Kitithorn Sanpanich; Teerapong Duangdee; Reni Ambarwati (Zoologica Scripta, 2023)
Three species of mussels collected from fresh‐ and low salinity (10 psu or lower) brackish‐water environments in southern Thailand, Singapore, northern Borneo and south Sulawesi formed a new, well‐supported and distinct mytilid clade based on molecular phylogeny. All are small ( Parabrachidontes is proposed to accommodate the three species. Of the species in the new genus, one is described as new ( Parabrachidontes amnicus sp. n.), and the other two poorly known species ( P. leucostictus and P. cochinensis ) are re‐described. The Parabrachidontes clade is closely related to Mytella , Perna and Arcuatula . Together, they formed a well‐supported clade, most members of which have ctenidial edges attached to the mantle and/or visceral mass. These genera are clearly distinct phylogenetically from two other mytilid clades containing brackish‐ and fresh‐water species with ctenidia free of the mantle: one comprising the genera Limnoperna and Sinomytilus (together constituting the Limnoperninae), and the other Xenostrobus and Vignadula (forming the Xenostrobinae). We therefore suggest the existence of at least three lineages of mytilids living in rivers and estuaries of East Asia and Australasia.

Shape from spectra - Nimrod Carmon; Alexander Berk; Niklas Bohn; Phillip G. Brodrick; Jeff Dozier; Margaret Johnson; Charles E. Miller; David R. Thompson; Michael Turmon; Charles M. Bachmann; Robert O. Green; Regina Eckert; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Microclimate species distribution models estimate lower levels of climate-related habitat loss for salamanders - Samuel F. Stickley; Jennifer M. Fraterrigo (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic - Morgan Reed Raven; Peter W. Crockford; Malcolm S.W. Hodgskiss; Timothy W. Lyons; Christopher J. Tino; Samuel M. Webb (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Allspice, anise, fennel-derived and related flavoring ingredients - Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Nigel J. Gooderham; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Thomas J. Rosol; Jeanne M. Davidsen; Christie L. Harman; Sean V. Taylor (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

An invertebrate model in examining the effect of acute ferric iron exposure on proprioceptive neurons - Mikaela L. Wagers; Ashley Starks; Maya O. Abul-Khoudoud; Sufia M. Ahmed; Abraham W. Alhamdani; Clair Ashley; Patrick C. Bidros; Constance O. Bledsoe; Kayli E. Bolton; Jerone G. Capili; Jamie N. Henning; Bethany J. Ison; et al. (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2023)

Rate of onset of dopamine transporter inhibitors assessed with intracranial self-stimulation and in vivo dopamine photometry in rats - Tyson R. Baird; Kimberly N. Karin; Samuel A. Marsh; F. Ivy Carroll; J. M. L. Medina-Contreras; S. Stevens Negus; Jose M. Eltit (Psychopharmacology, 2023)

Effects of concurrent exercise training on body composition, systemic inflammation, and components of metabolic syndrome in inactive academics: a randomised controlled trial - Samuel M. Higham; Amy E. Mendham; Simon Rosenbaum; Nicholas G. Allen; Greg Smith; Antony Stadnyk; Rob Duffield (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)

Lateglacial and Early Holocene palaeoenvironmental change and human activity at Killerby Quarry, North Yorkshire, UK - Samuel M Hudson; Clive Waddington; Ben Pears; Natalie Ellis; Luke Parker; Derek Hamilton; Inger Greve Alsos; Paul Hughes; Antony Brown (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2023)
The hunter‐gatherers that entered the British peninsula after ice‐retreat were exploiting a dynamic, rapidly changing environment. Records of vegetation change and human occupation during the Lateglacial to Early Holocene in northern Britain are more commonly found at upland and cave sites. However, recent research highlights many areas of the Swale–Ure Washlands that preserve extensive environmental sequences in low‐lying ice‐wastage basins, channels and depressions. The Lateglacial–Early Holocene environment of Killerby Quarry, North Yorkshire, is investigated here using a multi‐proxy approach of sedimentary ancient DNA ( seda DNA), pollen, sedimentological (geochemistry and portable optically stimulated luminescence), and rare and well‐preserved archaeology (Lavvu structures and lithics). Results show that the wetland basins and kettleholes were small lakes or ponds in the Lateglacial surrounded by sedge‐fen and birch woodland. A gradual (centennial scale) succession to reed‐swamp and then marsh is seen by the Early Holocene. This environment formed the resource‐scape for hunter‐gatherer transitory settlement in both the Lateglacial (Late Upper Palaeolithic) and Holocene (Early Mesolithic), attracted by the rich communities of pond‐related flora and fauna as well as easy strategic landscape access by way of the River Swale, an arterial route through the landscape connecting the North Sea Basin with the Pennine uplands via the palaeolakes around Killerby.

Vadose-zone alteration of metaschoepite and ceramic UO2 in Savannah River Site field lysimeters - Connaugh M. Fallon; William R. Bower; Brian A. Powell; Francis R. Livens; Ian C. Lyon; Alana E. McNulty; Kathryn Peruski; J. Frederick W. Mosselmans; Daniel I. Kaplan; Daniel Grolimund; Peter Warnicke; Dario Ferreira-Sanchez; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Letter to the Editors regarding “10% body weight (gain) change as criterion for the maximum tolerated dose: A critical analysis” - Sir Colin L. Berry; Samuel M. Cohen; J. Christopher Corton; Joao Lauro Viana de Camargo; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Helmut Greim; Klaus Weber; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Christian Strupp (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Understanding tidal mixing at the Strait of Gibraltar: A high-resolution model approach - Nicolas M. Gonzalez; Robin Waldman; Gianmaria Sannino; Hervé Giordani; Samuel Somot (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Genetic parameters of fear-related behaviors in Nigerian indigenous turkey poults: A pilot study - Samuel O. Durosaro; Oluwaseun S. Iyasere; Babatunde M. Ilori; David O. Oguntade; Victor J. Oyeniran; Ebruphiyor B. Oghate; Helen O. Fasola; Michael O. Ozoje (Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2023)

Source and thermal maturity assessment of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic organic matter in the Risha gas field, Jordan - Sherif Farouk; Naira M. Lofty; Abdelrahman Qteishat; Fayez Ahmad; Amr M. Shehata; Khaled Al-Kahtany; Chang Samuel Hsu (Fuel, 2023)

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil - Jeanne M. Davidsen; Samuel M. Cohen; Gerhard Eisenbrand; Shoji Fukushima; Nigel J. Gooderham; F. Peter Guengerich; Stephen S. Hecht; Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens; Thomas J. Rosol; Christie L. Harman; Danarubini Ramanan; Sean V. Taylor (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Prevalence and drivers of a tree-killing bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae), in international invasion pathways into the USA - Samuel F. Ward; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Rebecca M. Turner; Takehiko Yamanaka; Lorenzo Marini; Songlin Fei; Andrew M. Liebhold (Journal of Pest Science, 2023)

Fur removal promotes an earlier expression of involution-related genes in mammary gland of lactating mice - Elżbieta Król; Frances Turner; Davina Derous; Sharon E. Mitchell; Samuel A. M. Martin; Alex Douglas; John R. Speakman (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2023)
Peak lactation occurs when milk production is at its highest. The factors limiting peak lactation performance have been subject of intense debate. Milk production at peak lactation appears limited by the capacity of lactating females to dissipate body heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk. As a result, manipulations that enhance capacity to dissipate body heat (such as fur removal) increase peak milk production. We investigated the potential correlates of shaving-induced increases in peak milk production in laboratory mice. By transcriptomic profiling of the mammary gland, we searched for the mechanisms underlying experimentally increased milk production and its consequences for mother–young conflict over weaning, manifested by advanced or delayed involution of mammary gland. We demonstrated that shaving-induced increases in milk production were paradoxically linked to reduced expression of some milk synthesis-related genes. Moreover, the mammary glands of shaved mice had a gene expression profile indicative of earlier involution relative to unshaved mice. Once provided with enhanced capacity to dissipate body heat, shaved mice were likely to rear their young to independence faster than unshaved mothers.

Reproductive ecology of muskellunge ( Esox masquinongy ), an introduced predator, in the lower Wolastoq/Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada - Kaleb Zelman; Phillip Harrison; Antóin M. O'Sullivan; Samuel Andrews; Stephen Peake; Tommi Linnansaari; Scott A. Pavey; R. Allen Curry (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
Introduced predators can have harmful top‐down effects on their newly colonized system through competition with and direct predation on native species. Following an initial introduction of muskellunge in Lac Frontière, Québec in the 1970s at the headwaters of the Wolastoq/Saint John River, the species rapidly migrated downstream, expanding its range by ~500 km over ~20 years. Despite this expansive colonization and concern over possible threats to native species, little is known about the basic ecology of muskellunge in this system. The last downstream barrier is the hydroelectric facility, Mactaquac Generating Station (MGS), 150 km upstream of the sea. While there are no downstream fish passage facilities at MGS, adult muskellunge have been recorded downstream. In this study, muskellunge ( n = 23) were surgically tagged with very‐high‐frequency (VHF) radio or combined acoustic radio telemetry (CART) tags and tracked over two spawning seasons. We sought to determine if there was a reproducing population downstream of MGS and tracked Tagged muskellunge over two spawning seasons. We tracked fish to locate and confirm spawning sites, and followed up with egg and/or juvenile sampling surveys. Tagged muskellunge (90%) moved upstream towards the MGS during the spawning period in each year (2016 and 2017), where they remained throughout the entire spawning period. No spawning or nursery sites were confirmed near MGS, but in 2016 three distinct spawning locations and six distinct nursery sites were confirmed 10–12 km downstream amongst a chain of flooded islands. In 2016, eggs, sac‐fry and juveniles were collected and confirmed as muskellunge by genetic sequencing, providing the first empirical observation of successful spawning downstream of MGS.

What makes a good life: using theatrical performance to enhance communication about polygenic risk scores research in patient and public involvement - Amy M. Mason; Ifunanya Obi; Olamide Ayodele; Samuel A. Lambert; Sarah Fahle (Journal of Community Genetics, 2023)
The aim of this patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) work was to explore improvised theatre as a tool for facilitating bi-directional dialogue between researchers and patients/members of the public on the topic of polygenic risk scores (PRS) use within primary or secondary care. PRS are a tool to quantify genetic risk for a heritable disease or trait and may be used to predict future health outcomes. In the United Kingdom (UK), they are often cited as a next-in-line public health tool to be implemented, and their use in consumer genetic testing as well as patient-facing settings is increasing. Despite their potential clinical utility, broader themes about how they might influence an individual’s perception of disease risk and decision-making are an active area of research; however, this has mostly been in the setting of return of results to patients. We worked with a youth theatre group and patients involved in a PPIE group to develop two short plays about public perceptions of genetic risk information that could be captured by PRS. These plays were shared in a workshop with patients/members of the public to facilitate discussions about PRS and their perceived benefits, concerns and emotional reactions. Discussions with both performers and patients/public raised three key questions: (1) can the data be trusted?; (2) does knowing genetic risk actually help the patient?; and (3) what makes a life worthwhile? Creating and watching fictional narratives helped all participants explore the potential use of PRS in a clinical setting, informing future research considerations and improving communication between the researchers and lay members of the PPIE group.

Water, environment, and socioeconomic justice in California: A multi-benefit cropland repurposing framework - Angel Santiago Fernandez-Bou; José M. Rodríguez-Flores; Alexander Guzman; J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida; Leticia M. Classen-Rodriguez; Pedro A. Sánchez-Pérez; Jorge Valero-Fandiño; Chantelise Pells; Humberto Flores-Landeros; Samuel Sandoval-Solís; Gregory W. Characklis; Thomas C. Harmon; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Evaluation of the release, stability and antioxidant activity of Brazilian red propolis extract encapsulated by spray-drying, spray-chilling and using the combination of both techniques - Samuel Henrique Gomes Sá; Marcella Chalella Mazzocato; Ana Sofia M.C. Saliba; Severino M. Alencar; Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade (Food Research International, 2023)

Investing in nature-based solutions: Cost profiles of collective-action watershed investment programs - Shiteng Kang; Timm Kroeger; Daniel Shemie; Marta Echavarria; Tamara Montalvo; Leah L. Bremer; Genevieve Bennett; Samuel Roiphe Barreto; Henrique Bracale; Claudia Calero; Aldo Cardenas; Julián Cardona; et al. (Ecosystem Services, 2023)

Protecting biodiversity via conservation networks: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic considerations - Michael R. Willig; Steven J. Presley; Brian T. Klingbeil; Evsey Kosman; Tao Zhang; Samuel M. Scheiner (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Task-based functional connectivity of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) fMRI task - Jessica N. Kraft; Hanna K. Hausman; Cheshire Hardcastle; Alejandro Albizu; Andrew O’Shea; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; Steven DeKosky; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Efficacy of GIS-based AHP and data-driven intelligent machine learning algorithms for irrigation water quality prediction in an agricultural-mine district within the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria - Michael E. Omeka; Ogbonnaya Igwe; Obialo S. Onwuka; Ogechukwu M. Nwodo; Samuel I. Ugar; Peter A. Undiandeye; Ifeanyi E. Anyanwu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Baseline and usual cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of chronic kidney disease: A prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies - Setor K. Kunutsor; Nzechukwu M. Isiozor; Jonathan Myers; Samuel Seidu; Kamlesh Khunti; Jari A. Laukkanen (GeroScience, 2023)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health burden but is largely preventable. Few studies have reported an association between high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and decreased risk of CKD. However, some relevant aspects of the association, such as the dose-response relationship and the long-term relevance of CRF levels to CKD, have yet to be addressed. We, therefore, aimed to quantify the nature and magnitude of the association between CRF and CKD in a cohort of 2099 men aged 42-61 years with normal kidney function at baseline. CRF was directly measured using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) were estimated for the incidence of CKD. Correction for within-person variability was made using data from repeat measurements of CRF taken 11 years after baseline. A total of 197 CKD events were recorded during a median follow-up of 25.8 years. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio for CRF was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53-0.65). The risk of CKD decreased in a graded fashion with increasing CRF. Comparing extreme tertiles of CRF, the HR (95% CI) for CKD was 0.67 (0.46-0.97) following adjustment for several established and emerging risk factors. The corresponding adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.51 (0.27-0.96) following correction for within-person variability. In a meta-analysis of five population-based cohort studies (including the current study) comprising 32,447 participants and 4,043 CKD cases, the fully-adjusted risk ratios (95% CIs) for CKD comparing extreme tertiles of baseline and long-term CRF values were 0.58 (0.46-0.73) and 0.40 (0.27-0.59), respectively. Findings from a new prospective study and pooled analysis of previous studies plus the new study indicate that high CRF levels are strongly and independently associated with a reduced risk of CKD and consistent with a linear dose-response relationship. Using single baseline measurements of CRF to investigate the association between CRF and CKD risk could considerably underestimate the true association.

Laser scattering imaging combined with CNNs to model the textural variability in a vegetable food tissue - Samuel Verdú; José M. Barat; Raúl Grau (Journal of Food Engineering, 2023)

Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine - Samuel Bru; Adrián González-Marrón; Cristina Lidón-Moyano; Reyes Carballar; Joan Marc Martínez-Láinez; Hipólito Pérez-Martín; Marcela Fu; Raúl Pérez-Ortuño; Montse Ballbè; Jose A. Pascual; Esteve Fernández; Josep Clotet; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Reconstructing the dynamics of managed populations to estimate the impact of citizen surveillance - Daniel Spring; Thao P. Le; Samuel Adam Bloom; Jonathan M. Keith; Tom Kompas (Ecological Modelling, 2023)

A method to sample small mammals in the subnivium - Samuel R. Jolly; Allison M. Scott; Tanya R. Aldred; Jonathan H. Gilbert; Jonathan N. Pauli (Mammal Research, 2023)

Global drivers of historical true fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions - Jiří Trombik; Samuel F. Ward; Allen L. Norrbom; Andrew M. Liebhold (Journal of Pest Science, 2023)

Egg-derived porous plasma modified clay composite for wastewater remediation - Claude F. G. Mbafou; Brice Takam; Franck W. Boyom-Tatchemo; Jean-Baptiste Tarkwa; Elie Acayanka; Georges Y. Kamgang; Eric M. Gaigneaux; Samuel Laminsi (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Capacity of deep‐sea corals to obtain nutrition from cold seeps aligned with microbiome reorganization - Eslam O. Osman; Samuel A. Vohsen; Fanny Girard; Rafaelina Cruz; Orli Glickman; Lena M. Bullock; Kaitlin E. Anderson; Alexis M. Weinnig; Erik E. Cordes; Charles R. Fisher; Iliana B. Baums (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Cold seeps in the deep sea harbor various animals that have adapted to utilize seepage chemicals with the aid of chemosynthetic microbes that serve as primary producers. Corals are among the animals that live near seep habitats and yet, there is a lack of evidence that corals gain benefits and/or incur costs from cold seeps. Here, we focused on Callogorgia delta and Paramuricea sp. type B3 that live near and far from visual signs of currently active seepage at five sites in the deep Gulf of Mexico. We tested whether these corals rely on chemosynthetically‐derived food in seep habitats and how the proximity to cold seeps may influence; (i) coral colony traits (i.e., health status, growth rate, regrowth after sampling, and branch loss) and associated epifauna, (ii) associated microbiome, and (iii) host transcriptomes. Stable isotope data showed that many coral colonies utilized chemosynthetically derived food, but the feeding strategy differed by coral species. The microbiome composition of C. delta , unlike Paramuricea sp., varied significantly between seep and non‐seep colonies and both coral species were associated with various sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (SUP05). Interestingly, the relative abundances of SUP05 varied among seep and non‐seep colonies and were strongly correlated with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values. In contrast, the proximity to cold seeps did not have a measurable effect on gene expression, colony traits, or associated epifauna in coral species. Our work provides the first evidence that some corals may gain benefits from living near cold seeps with apparently limited costs to the colonies. Cold seeps provide not only hard substrate but also food to cold‐water corals. Furthermore, restructuring of the microbiome communities (particularly SUP05) is likely the key adaptive process to aid corals in utilizing seepage‐derived carbon. This highlights that those deep‐sea corals may upregulate particular microbial symbiont communities to cope with environmental gradients.

Decadal forest soil respiration following stem girdling - Elizabeth A. Clippard; Samuel I. Haruna; Peter S. Curtis; Cameron Clay; Ben Bond-Lamberty; Kayla Mathes; Christoph S. Vogel; Christopher M. Gough (Trees, 2022)

Building Capacity in Implementation Science for Cancer Prevention and Control Through a Research Network Scholars Program - Daniela B. Friedman; Cam Escoffery; Samuel B. Noblet; Christine M. Agnone; Kimberly J. Flicker (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium - Samuel R. C. Weaver; Catarina Rendeiro; Rebekah A. I. Lucas; N. Timothy Cable; Tom E. Nightingale; Helen M. McGettrick; Samuel J. E. Lucas (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)
The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.

Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and Comparison of Methods of Susceptibility to Vancomycin - Danillo S. Rosa; Samily A. S. Oliveira; Renata F. S. Souza; Amaro A. S. Neto; Letícia S. B. Cunha; Antônio W. C. Fernandes; Ianka F. S. Soares; Sarah K. R. Teixeira; Samuel R. Aquino; Gisele V. Gouveia; Jackson R. G. S. Almeida; Carine R. Naue; et al. (Current Microbiology, 2022)

Abiotic factors that affect the distribution of aquatic macrophytes in shallow north temperate Minnesota lakes: a spatial modeling approach - Samuel A. Schmid; Ryan M. Wersal; Jonathan P. Fleming (Aquatic Ecology, 2022)

Experimentally elevated testosterone shortens telomeres across years in a free‐living songbird - Britt J. Heidinger; Samuel P. Slowinski; Aubrey E. Sirman; Jeffrey Kittilson; Nicole M. Gerlach; Ellen D. Ketterson (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Reproductive investment often comes at a cost to longevity, but the mechanisms that underlie these long‐term effects are not well understood. In male vertebrates, elevated testosterone has been shown to increase reproductive success, but simultaneously to decrease survival. One factor that may contribute to or serve as a biomarker of these long‐term effects of testosterone on longevity is telomeres, which are often positively related to lifespan and have been shown to shorten in response to reproduction. In this longitudinal study, we measured the effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on telomere shortening in free‐living, male dark‐eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis carolinensis ), a system in which the experimental elevation of testosterone has previously been shown to increase reproductive success and reduce survival. We found a small, significant effect of testosterone treatment on telomeres, with testosterone‐treated males exhibiting significantly greater telomere shortening with age than controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased telomere shortening may be a long‐term cost of elevated testosterone exposure. As both testosterone and telomeres are conserved physiological mechanisms, our results suggest that their interaction may apply broadly to the long‐term costs of reproduction in male vertebrates.

Bacterioplankton dispersal and biogeochemical function across Alaskan Arctic catchments - Raymond M. Lee; Natasha Griffin; Erin Jones; Benjamin W. Abbott; Rebecca J. Frei; Samuel Bratsman; Mary Proteau; Isabella M. Errigo; Arial Shogren; William B. Bowden; Jay P. Zarnetske; Zachary T. Aanderud (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
In Arctic catchments, bacterioplankton are dispersed through soils and streams, both of which freeze and thaw/flow in phase, seasonally. To characterize this dispersal and its potential impact on biogeochemistry, we collected bacterioplankton and measured stream physicochemistry during snowmelt and after vegetation senescence across multiple stream orders in alpine, tundra, and tundra‐dominated‐by‐lakes catchments. In all catchments, differences in community composition were associated with seasonal thaw, then attachment status (i.e. free floating or sediment associated), and then stream order. Bacterioplankton taxonomic diversity and richness were elevated in sediment‐associated fractions and in higher‐order reaches during snowmelt. Families Chthonomonadaceae , Pyrinomonadaceae , and Xiphinematobacteraceae were abundantly different across seasons, while Flavobacteriaceae and Microscillaceae were abundantly different between free‐floating and sediment‐associated fractions. Physicochemical data suggested there was high iron (Fe + ) production (alpine catchment); Fe + production and chloride (Cl − ) removal (tundra catchment); and phosphorus (SRP) removal and ammonium (NH 4 + ) production (lake catchment). In tundra landscapes, these ‘hot spots’ of Fe + production and Cl − removal accompanied shifts in species richness, while SRP promoted the antecedent community. Our findings suggest that freshet increases bacterial dispersal from headwater catchments to receiving catchments, where bacterioplankton‐mineral relations stabilized communities in free‐flowing reaches, but bacterioplankton‐nutrient relations stabilized those punctuated by lakes.

Impact of salinity origin on microbial communities in saline springs within the Illinois Basin, USA - Linduo Zhao; Hongbo Shao; Li Zhang; Samuel V. Panno; Walton R. Kelly; Tzu‐Yu Lin; Wen‐Tso Liu; Theodore M. Flynn; Peter Berger (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Saline springs within the Illinois Basin result from the discharge of deep‐seated evaporated seawater (brine) and likely contain diverse and complex microbial communities that are poorly understood. In this study, seven saline/mineral springs with different geochemical characteristics and salinity origins were investigated using geochemical and molecular microbiological analyses to reveal the composition of microbial communities inhabiting springs and their key controlling factors. The 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated that each spring harbours a unique microbial community influenced by its geochemical properties and subsurface conditions. The microbial communities in springs that originated from Cambrian/Ordovician strata, which are deep confined units that have limited recharge from overlying formations, share a greater similarity in community composition and have a higher species richness and more overlapped taxa than those that originated from shallower Pennsylvanian strata, which are subject to extensive regional surface and groundwater recharge. The microbial distribution along the spring flow paths at the surface indicates that 59.8%–94.2% of total sequences in sedimentary samples originated from spring water, highlighting the role of springs in influencing microbiota in the immediate terrestrial environment. The results indicate that the springs introduce microbiota with a high biodiversity into surface terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting microbial reservoirs in downstream ecosystems.

Host plant resistance for fall armyworm management in maize: relevance, status and prospects in Africa and Asia - Boddupalli M. Prasanna; Anani Bruce; Yoseph Beyene; Dan Makumbi; Manje Gowda; Muhammad Asim; Samuel Martinelli; Graham P. Head; Srinivas Parimi (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2022)
Key message Sustainable control of fall armyworm (FAW) requires implementation of effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, with host plant resistance as a key component. Significant opportunities exist for developing and deploying elite maize cultivars with native genetic resistance and/or transgenic resistance for FAW control in both Africa and Asia. Abstract The fall armyworm [ Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); FAW] has emerged as a serious pest since 2016 in Africa, and since 2018 in Asia, affecting the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers, especially those growing maize. Sustainable control of FAW requires implementation of integrated pest management strategies, in which host plant resistance is one of the key components. Significant strides have been made in breeding elite maize lines and hybrids with native genetic resistance to FAW in Africa, based on the strong foundation of insect-resistant tropical germplasm developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico. These efforts are further intensified to develop and deploy elite maize cultivars with native FAW tolerance/resistance and farmer-preferred traits suitable for diverse agro-ecologies in Africa and Asia. Independently, genetically modified Bt maize with resistance to FAW is already commercialized in South Africa, and in a few countries in Asia (Philippines and Vietnam), while efforts are being made to commercialize Bt maize events in additional countries in both Africa and Asia. In countries where Bt maize is commercialized, it is important to implement a robust insect resistance management strategy. Combinations of native genetic resistance and Bt maize also need to be explored as a path to more effective and sustainable host plant resistance options. We also highlight the critical gaps and priorities for host plant resistance research and development in maize, particularly in the context of sustainable FAW management in Africa and Asia.

Photo-Fenton oxidation of cylindrospermopsin at neutral pH with LEDs - David Ortiz; Macarena Munoz; Jorge Garcia; Samuel Cirés; Zahara M. de Pedro; Antonio Quesada; Jose A. Casas (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanobacterial toxin found in freshwaters worldwide. In this work, the feasibility of the photo-Fenton process under neutral pH using light emitting diodes as irradiation source for the removal of this hazardous cyanotoxin from freshwater was investigated. The impact of the kind of iron chelating agent (ethylenediamine-N, N′-disuccinic acid vs. ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid) as well as the effect of the main operating conditions viz. H 2 O 2 dose, Fe(III) load, initial CYN concentration, and Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio on the performance of the process was systematically evaluated. EDDS was selected as the most appropriate iron chelating agent considering the kinetics of the process and the environmental impact ( Vibrio fischeri and Artemia salina ). Under optimized conditions ([H 2 O 2 ] = 30 mg L −1 ; [Fe(III)] = 5 mg L −1 ; Fe(III):ligand = 1:0.5 (molar ratio)), complete removal of CYN was achieved in 15-min reaction time. Furthermore, the catalytic system showed to be effective in real water matrices (river and reservoir waters) spiked with CYN. Although the presence of inorganic ions (mainly HCO 3 − /CO 3 2− ) and dissolved organic carbon decreased the oxidation rate of CYN due to scavenging reactions and iron coordination, respectively, complete elimination of the cyanotoxin was achieved in all cases. The fate of EDDS along the process was also evaluated to demonstrate that the catalytic system investigated, apart from its effectiveness, warrants the complete absence of residues after reaction. Therefore, the proposed system constitutes a promising method for cyanotoxin treatment either as a drinking water treatment step in conventional plants or as a potential remediation strategy in the natural environment.

Aflatoxin in cereals and groundnut from small holder farming households in Malawi - Wanjiku N. Gichohi-Wainaina; Nelson C. Kumwenda; Msere Harry; Limbikani Matumba; Samuel M. C. Njoroge; Patrick Okori (Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-Surveillance, 2022)

Evaluation of energy extraction of PV systems affected by environmental factors under real outdoor conditions - Muhammed A. Hassan; Nadjem Bailek; Kada Bouchouicha; Abdelhameed Ibrahim; Basharat Jamil; Alban Kuriqi; Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo; El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2022)
The global agenda to increase the renewable energy share has driven many countries and entities to harness solar energy from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the power generation of PV systems is strongly affected by climate conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze and predict the power generation of different PV technologies under arid desert climate conditions on an hourly basis. Two areas have been considered as case studies: Adrar in Algeria and Alice Springs in Australia. A total of nine physical models and input parameter combinations from six different power plants have been used and tested for the suitability of the proposed models for predicting the power yield of PV power plants depending on solar irradiance and other meteorological variables. Then, an ensemble learning technique is applied to improve the performance capabilities of the best-fit input combinations. The results reveal that the global irradiance, ambient air temperature, and relative humidity combination are the most related to the PV power output of all technologies under all-sky conditions and provide effective and efficient performance with the proposed ensemble learning, with an estimated accuracy of over 99%.

The Impact of COVID-19 on US Radiation Oncology Residents - Samuel Kosydar; Michael W. Woodfin; Lia M. Halasz; Smith Apisarnthanarax; Ramesh Rengan; Simon S. Lo (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Evidence for preserved insulin responsiveness in the aging rat brain - Matthew G. Engel; Jeremy Smith; Kai Mao; Gabriela Farias Quipildor; Min-Hui Cui; Maria Gulinello; Craig A. Branch; Samuel E. Gandy; Derek M. Huffman (GeroScience, 2022)
Insulin appears to exert salutary effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, brain insulin resistance has been proposed to play a role in brain aging and dementia but is conceptually complex and unlikely to fit classic definitions established in peripheral tissues. Thus, we sought to characterize brain insulin responsiveness in young (4–5 months) and old (24 months) FBN male rats using a diverse set of assays to determine the extent to which insulin effects in the CNS are impaired with age. When performing hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in rats, intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of insulin in old animals improved peripheral insulin sensitivity by nearly two-fold over old controls and comparable to young rats, suggesting preservation of this insulin-triggered response in aging per se ( p < 0.05). We next used an imaging-based approach by comparing ICV vehicle versus insulin and performed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to evaluate age- and insulin-related changes in network connectivity within the default mode network. In aging, lower connectivity between the mesial temporal (MT) region and other areas, as well as reduced MT signal complexity, was observed in old rats, which correlated with greater cognitive deficits in old. Despite these stark differences, ICV insulin failed to elicit any significant alteration to the BOLD signal in young rats, while a significant deviation of the BOLD signal was observed in older animals, characterized by augmentation in regions of the septal nucleus and hypothalamus, and reduction in thalamus and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, ex vivo stimulation of hippocampus with 10 nM insulin revealed increased Akt activation in young ( p < 0.05), but not old rats. Despite similar circulating levels of insulin and IGF-1, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of these ligands were reduced with age. Thus, these data highlight the complexity of capturing brain insulin action and demonstrate preserved or heightened brain responses to insulin with age, despite dampened canonical signaling, thereby suggesting impaired CNS input of these ligands may be a feature of reduced brain insulin action, providing further rationale for CNS replacement strategies.

Biofloc meal incorporated diet improves the growth and physiological responses of Penaeus vannamei - M. Nethaji; B. Ahilan; A. Kathirvelpandiyan; N. Felix; A. Uma; T. L. S. Samuel Mosses; R. Somu Sunder Lingam (Aquaculture International, 2022)

Acclimatory gene expression of primed clams enhances robustness to elevated p CO 2 - Samuel J. Gurr; Shelly A. Trigg; Brent Vadopalas; Steven B. Roberts; Hollie M. Putnam (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Sublethal exposure to environmental challenges may enhance ability to cope with chronic or repeated change, a process known as priming. In a previous study, pre‐exposure to seawater enriched with p CO 2 improved growth and reduced antioxidant capacity of juvenile Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa clams, suggesting that transcriptional shifts may drive phenotypic modifications post‐priming. To this end, juvenile clams were sampled and TagSeq gene expression data were analysed after (i) a 110‐day acclimation under ambient (921 μatm, naïve) and moderately elevated p CO 2 (2870 μatm, pre‐exposed); then following (ii) a second 7‐day exposure to three p CO 2 treatments (ambient: 754 μatm; moderately elevated: 2750 μatm; severely elevated: 4940 μatm), a 7‐day return to ambient p CO 2 and a third 7‐day exposure to two p CO 2 treatments (ambient: 967 μatm; moderately elevated: 3030 μatm). Pre‐exposed geoducks frontloaded genes for stress and apoptosis/innate immune response, homeostatic processes, protein degradation and transcriptional modifiers. Pre‐exposed geoducks were also responsive to subsequent encounters, with gene sets enriched for mitochondrial recycling and immune defence under elevated p CO 2 and energy metabolism and biosynthesis under ambient recovery. In contrast, gene sets with higher expression in naïve clams were enriched for fatty‐acid degradation and glutathione components, suggesting naïve clams could be depleting endogenous fuels, with unsustainable energetic requirements if changes in carbonate chemistry persist. Collectively, our transcriptomic data indicate that p CO 2 priming during post‐larval periods could, via gene expression regulation, enhance robustness in bivalves to environmental change. Such priming approaches may be beneficial for aquaculture, as seafood demand intensifies concurrent with increasing climate change in marine systems.

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID ‐19 pandemic - Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Jose Diaz; Kimberly Todd; Claire Bresnan; Matt Snider; Thomas E. Lee; Jonathan G. Jasper; Brianna Douglas; Anthony P. Crupi; Katherine C. B. Weiss; Helen Rowe; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap‐nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site‐level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Elevated [CO2] mitigates the impacts of heat stress in eucalyptus seedlings - Samuel S. Pinto; Auxiliadora O. Martins; Luiz F. P. Fontes; Franciele S. Oliveira; Iale C. Almeida; Iagor B. Detoni; Leonardo A. Oliveira; Willian B. Silva; David B. Medeiros; Edgar A. T. Picoli; Aristides Ribeiro; Alisdair R. Fernie; et al. (Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2022)

Elevated carbon assimilation and metabolic reprogramming in tomato high pigment mutants support the increased production of pigments - Auderlan M. Pereira; Auxiliadora O. Martins; Willian Batista-Silva; Jorge A. Condori-Apfata; Vitor L. Nascimento; Victor F. Silva; Leonardo A. Oliveira; David B. Medeiros; Samuel C. V. Martins; Alisdair R. Fernie; Adriano Nunes-Nesi; Wagner L. Araújo (Plant Cell Reports, 2022)

Variable effects of forest diversity on invasions by non-native insects and pathogens - Samuel F. Ward; Andrew M. Liebhold; Songlin Fei (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)

Female-limited X chromosome evolution reveals that lifespan is mainly modulated by interlocus rather than intralocus sexual conflict - Katrine K. Lund-Hansen; Megan A. M. Kutzer; Sophie A. O. Armitage; Samuel Gornard; Hamilcar Keilani; Jessica K. Abbott (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2022)
Sexual dimorphism in somatic investment may be shaped by two distinct forms of sexual conflict; under intralocus sexual conflict (IASC), males and females have different optimal levels of somatic investment but are constrained from reaching their respective optima by their shared genome, while under interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC), males and females have different optimal sexual strategies, which could have direct or indirect effects on levels of somatic investment. We investigated effects of IASC and IRSC on two aspects of somatic investment, immune defence strategies and longevity, using previously established female-limited experimental evolution lines in Drosophila melanogaster . We found little evidence for any effect of either type of sexual conflict on investment in the immune defence resistance or tolerance. Nor did we find convincing evidence that longevity is subject to IASC in this species. However, we did find evidence that increased female control over mating rate had important and opposite effects on longevity between the sexes. Specifically, females that had adapted to high levels of female control over mating had a longer lifespan when kept in mixed-sex groups, while males had shorter longevity, perhaps due to increased investment in post-copulatory sexual selection. These novel results show that female control over mating rates may have important and unexpected effects on patterns of somatic investment. Significance statement Sexual conflict occurs between the two sexes over numerous life history traits, and it is complex to disentangle how these traits interact and affect each other. Here we use a long-term evolution experiment to investigate sexual dimorphism in somatic maintenance. We found no effect of feminising the X chromosome on female immune defence. However, we did find that increased female control over mating rate resulted in longer female lifespan, but reduced male lifespan, and that these effects were dependent on social context (isolated or in mixed-sex groups). Unlike previous studies on the effect of sexual conflict on longevity, our experiment did not manipulate environmental conditions nor the adult sex ratio, which is likely to reduce both pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection.

A new approach to the classification of carcinogenicity - John E. Doe; Alan R. Boobis; Samuel M. Cohen; Vicki L. Dellarco; Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp; Angelo Moretto; Timothy P. Pastoor; Rita S. Schoeny; Jennifer G. Seed; Douglas C. Wolf (Archives of Toxicology, 2022)
Concern over substances that may cause cancer has led to various classification schemes to recognize carcinogenic threats and provide a basis to manage those threats. The least useful schemes have a binary choice that declares a substance carcinogenic or not. This overly simplistic approach ignores the complexity of cancer causation by considering neither how the substance causes cancer, nor the potency of that mode of action. Consequently, substances are classified simply as “carcinogenic”, compromising the opportunity to properly manage these kinds of substances. It will likely be very difficult, if not impossible, to incorporate New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) into binary schemes. In this paper we propose a new approach cancer classification scheme that segregates substances by both mode of action and potency into three categories and, as a consequence, provides useful guidance in the regulation and management of substances with carcinogenic potential. Examples are given, including aflatoxin (category A), trichlorethylene (category B), and titanium dioxide (category C), which demonstrate the clear differentiation among these substances that generate appropriate levels of concern and management options.

Reconsidering priorities for forest conservation when considering the threats of mining and armed conflict - Brooke A. Williams; Hedley S. Grantham; James E. M. Watson; Aurélie C. Shapiro; Andrew J. Plumptre; Samuel Ayebare; Elizabeth Goldman; Ayesha I. T. Tulloch (Ambio, 2022)
Many threats to biodiversity can be predicted and are well mapped but others are uncertain in their extent, impact on biodiversity, and ability for conservation efforts to address, making them more difficult to account for in spatial conservation planning efforts, and as a result, they are often ignored. Here, we use a spatial prioritisation analysis to evaluate the consequences of considering only relatively well-mapped threats to biodiversity and compare this with planning scenarios that also account for more uncertain threats (in this case mining and armed conflict) under different management strategies. We evaluate three management strategies to address these more uncertain threats: 1. to ignore them; 2. avoid them; or 3. specifically target actions towards them, first individually and then simultaneously to assess the impact of their inclusion in spatial prioritisations. We apply our approach to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and identify priority areas for conserving biodiversity and carbon sequestration services. We found that a strategy that avoids addressing threats of mining and armed conflict more often misses important opportunities for biodiversity conservation, compared to a strategy that targets action towards areas under threat (assuming a biodiversity benefit is possible). We found that considering mining and armed conflict threats to biodiversity independently rather than simultaneously results in 13 800–14 800 km 2 and 15 700–25 100 km 2 of potential missed conservation opportunities when undertaking threat-avoiding and threat-targeting management strategies, respectively. Our analysis emphasises the importance of considering all threats that can be mapped in spatial conservation prioritisation.

Effects of modafinil on electroencephalographic microstates in healthy adults - Samantha R. Linton; Michael Murphy; Hans S. Schroder; Micah Breiger; Ann M. Iturra-Mena; Brian D. Kangas; Jack Bergman; William A. Carlezon; Victoria B. Risbrough; Samuel A. Barnes; Andre Der-Avakian; Diego A. Pizzagalli (Psychopharmacology, 2022)

Association patterns and community structure among female bottlenose dolphins: environmental, genetic and cultural factors - Svenja M. Marfurt; Simon J. Allen; Manuela R. Bizzozzero; Erik P. Willems; Stephanie L. King; Richard C. Connor; Anna M. Kopps; Sonja Wild; Livia Gerber; Samuel Wittwer; Michael Krützen (Mammalian Biology, 2022)
Social structuring from assortative associations may affect individual fitness, as well as population-level processes. Gaining a broader understanding of social structure can improve our knowledge of social evolution and inform wildlife conservation. We investigated association patterns and community structure of female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, assessing the role of kinship, shared culturally transmitted foraging techniques, and habitat similarity based on water depth. Our results indicated that associations are influenced by a combination of uni- and biparental relatedness, cultural behaviour and habitat similarity, as these were positively correlated with a measure of dyadic association. These findings were matched in a community level analysis. Members of the same communities overwhelmingly shared the same habitat and foraging techniques, demonstrating a strong homophilic tendency. Both uni- and biparental relatedness between dyads were higher within than between communities. Our results illustrate that intraspecific variation in sociality in bottlenose dolphins is influenced by a complex combination of genetic, cultural, and environmental aspects.

Variation among DNA banking consent forms: points for clinicians to bank on - Samuel J. Huang; Laura M. Amendola; Darci L. Sternen (Journal of Community Genetics, 2022)

Assessment of released natural radionuclides by waste rock pile and mining pit associated with a uranium mine at Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Wagner S. Pereira; Alphonse Kelecom; Maxime Charles-Pierre; José M. Lopes; Emanuele L. C. Campelo; Cleber B. Espindola; Alessander S. Carmo; Delcy A. Py Junior; Samuel Q. Pelegrineli; Ademir X. Silva (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) mediates growth factor-induced angiogenesis by regulating endothelial cell chemotaxis - Lorna M. Cryan; Tsz-Ming Tsang; Jessica Stiles; Lauren Bazinet; Sai Lun Lee; Samuel Garrard; Erika Madrian; Cody Roberts; Jessie Payne; Andrew Jensen; Arthur E. Frankel; P. Christine Ackroyd; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2022)

Evaluating expert‐based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS‐ tracking data - Maarten J. E. Broekman; Jelle P. Hilbers; Mark A. J. Huijbregts; Thomas Mueller; Abdullahi H. Ali; Henrik Andrén; Jeanne Altmann; Malin Aronsson; Nina Attias; Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks; Floris M. van Beest; Jerrold L. Belant; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert‐based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert‐based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert‐based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS‐tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location Worldwide. Time period 1998–2021. Major taxa studied Forty‐nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS‐based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions We show how GPS‐tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS‐tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re‐evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.

Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue - Hazel A. Jackson; Lawrence Percival‐Alwyn; Camilla Ryan; Mohammed F. Albeshr; Luca Venturi; Hernán E. Morales; Thomas C. Mathers; Jonathan Cocker; Samuel A. Speak; Gonzalo G. Accinelli; Tom Barker; Darren Heavens; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
The pink pigeon ( Nesoenas mayeri ) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive‐bred individuals were released into free‐living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site‐associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free‐living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive‐bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.

Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape - Jay M. Schoen; Amrita Neelakantan; Samuel A. Cushman; Trishna Dutta; Bilal Habib; Yadvendradev V. Jhala; Indranil Mondal; Uma Ramakrishnan; P. Anuradha Reddy; Swati Saini; Sandeep Sharma; Prachi Thatte; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
As ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human‐dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized five independent studies of tiger ( Panthera tigris ) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the five studies’ resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current‐flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current‐flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs’ area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, and infrastructure planners.

Escape from the heat: thermal stratification in a well-mixed estuary and implications for fish species facing a changing climate - Brian Mahardja; Samuel M. Bashevkin; Catarina Pien; Michelle Nelson; Brittany E. Davis; Rosemary Hartman (Hydrobiologia, 2022)
Climate change may cause organisms to seek thermal refuge from rising temperatures, either by shifting their ranges or seeking microrefugia within their existing ranges. We evaluate the potential for thermal stratification to provide refuge for two fish species in the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary): Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum, 1792) and Delta Smelt ( Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963). We compiled water temperature data from multiple monitoring programs to evaluate spatial, daily, hourly, intra-annual, and inter-annual trends in stratification using generalized additive models. We used our models to predict the locations and periods of time that the bottom of the water column could function as thermal refuge for salmon and smelt. Periods in which the bottom was cooler than surface primarily occurred during the peak of summer and during the afternoons, with more prominent stratification during warmer years. Although the Estuary is often exceedingly warm for fish species and well-mixed overall, we identified potential thermal refugia in a long and deep terminal channel for Delta Smelt, and in the periods bordering summer for Chinook Salmon. Thermal stratification may increase as the climate warms, and pockets of cooler water at depth, though limited, may become more important for at-risk fishes in the future.

Cryptic extinction risk in a western Pacific lizard radiation - Peter J. McDonald; Rafe M. Brown; Fred Kraus; Philip Bowles; Umilaela Arifin; Samuel J. Eliades; Robert N. Fisher; Maren Gaulke; L. Lee Grismer; Ivan Ineich; Benjamin R. Karin; Camila G. Meneses; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)
Cryptic ecologies, the Wallacean Shortfall of undocumented species’ geographical ranges and the Linnaean Shortfall of undescribed diversity, are all major barriers to conservation assessment. When these factors overlap with drivers of extinction risk, such as insular distributions, the number of threatened species in a region or clade may be underestimated, a situation we term ‘cryptic extinction risk’. The genus Lepidodactylus is a diverse radiation of insular and arboreal geckos that occurs across the western Pacific. Previous work on Lepidodactylus showed evidence of evolutionary displacement around continental fringes, suggesting an inherent vulnerability to extinction from factors such as competition and predation. We sought to (1) comprehensively review status and threats, (2) estimate the number of undescribed species, and (3) estimate extinction risk in data deficient and candidate species, in Lepidodactylus . From our updated IUCN Red List assessment, 60% of the 58 recognized species are threatened (n = 15) or Data Deficient (n = 21), which is higher than reported for most other lizard groups. Species from the smaller and isolated Pacific islands are of greatest conservation concern, with most either threatened or Data Deficient, and all particularly vulnerable to invasive species. We estimated 32 undescribed candidate species and linear modelling predicted that an additional 18 species, among these and the data deficient species, are threatened with extinction. Focusing efforts to resolve the taxonomy and conservation status of key taxa, especially on small islands in the Pacific, is a high priority for conserving this remarkably diverse, yet poorly understood, lizard fauna. Our data highlight how cryptic ecologies and cryptic diversity combine and lead to significant underestimation of extinction risk.

In Vivo Changes in Dynamic Adjacent Segment Motion 1 Year After One and Two-Level Cervical Arthrodesis - Clarissa M. LeVasseur; Samuel W. Pitcairn; David O. Okonkwo; Adam S. Kanter; Jeremy D. Shaw; William F. Donaldson; Joon Y. Lee; William J. Anderst (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2022)

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids From the E2-Segment of the East Scotia Ridge: Magmatic Input, Reaction Zone Processes, Fluid Mixing Regimes and Bioenergetic Landscapes - Samuel I. Pereira; Alexander Diehl; Jill M. McDermott; Thomas Pape; Lukas Klose; Harald Strauss; Gerhard Bohrmann; Wolfgang Bach (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The compositions of hydrothermal fluids in back-arc basins (BABs) can be affected by the influx of magmatic fluids into systems that are dominated by reactions between basement rocks and seawater-derived fluids. The East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Scotia Sea hosts such hydrothermal systems where the role of magmatic fluid influx has not yet been addressed. During expedition PS119 in 2019, three chimneys were sampled from the E2 segment. These samples were analysed for their chemical and isotopic composition along with fluid inclusions in corresponding precipitates. Our data provide evidence for the temporal evolution of hydrothermal fluids in this remote back-arc system. Salinity variations in anhydrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate that phase separation takes place in the subseafloor. Moderate-temperature (<53°C) fluids from the newly discovered E2-West hydrothermal vent field and high-temperature (>320°C) fluids from the E2-South area were sampled. Depletions in fluid-mobile elements, ΣREE and low δ 18 O H2O show that the basement in this root zone has been leached since the previous sampling in 2010. The results indicate that high-temperature fluid-rock interactions are key in setting the composition of the fluids with cation-to-chloride ratios suggesting a common root zone for both vent sites. The concentrations of dissolved gases provide new insights in the connection between magmatic degassing and its influence on endmember vent fluid composition. Specifically, stable isotope (O, H) data and elevated CO 2 concentrations point to a minor influx of magmatic vapour. Stable sulphur isotopes provide no evidence for SO 2 disproportionation suggesting a H 2 O-CO 2 dominated nature of these vapours. The concentrations of conservative elements in the E2-W fluid reflects subseafloor mixing between E2-S endmember fluid and seawater. In contrast, non-conservative behaviour, and depletion of Fe, H 2 , and H 2 S point to a combination of sub-surface abiotic and biotic reactions affecting these fluids. Similarly, E2-W fluids show evidence for H 2 S and CH 4 being metabolized in the subseafloor. Thermodynamic computations confirm that the E2 system is dominated by sulphide oxidation as a major catabolic pathway. Our results indicate that the conditions at E2 are favourable to hosting a robust subseafloor biosphere.

Scientists Against War: A Plea to World Leaders for Better Governance - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Velayudhan Mohan Kumar; Namasivayam Ganesh Pandian; Joop T. de Jong; Sudalaikannu Andiappan; Alexandru Corlateanu; Arehally Marappa Mahalaksmi; Saravana Babu Chidambaram; Ramasamy Rajesh Kumar; Chellamuthu Ramasubramanian; Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam; Alvhild Alette Bjørkum; et al. (Sleep and Vigilance, 2022)

Effects of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist volinanserin on head-twitch response and intracranial self-stimulation depression induced by different structural classes of psychedelics in rodents - Alaina M. Jaster; Harrison Elder; Samuel A. Marsh; Mario de la Fuente Revenga; S. Stevens Negus; Javier González-Maeso (Psychopharmacology, 2022)

Mitogenomics reveals low variation within a trigeneric complex of black corals from the North Pacific Ocean - Yessenia M. Bledsoe-Becerra; Iesha S. Whittaker; Jeremy Horowitz; Katherine Medina Naranjo; Jicayla Johnson-Rosemond; Kristen H. Mullins; Karena M. Cunningham; Suchir Shetty; Samuel N. Messinides; Melinda S. Behney; Jessica A. Fehsal; Ashley N. Watson; et al. (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2022)

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people - Johannes Tobias Neumann; Le T. P. Thao; Anne M. Murray; Emily Callander; Prudence R. Carr; Mark R. Nelson; Rory Wolfe; Robyn L. Woods; Christopher M. Reid; Raj C. Shah; Anne B. Newman; Jeff D. Williamson; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disability-free survival outcome was defined as absence of dementia, persistent disability or death. Selection of potential predictors from amongst 25 biomedical, psychosocial and lifestyle variables including recognized geriatric risk factors, utilizing a machine-learning approach. Separate models were developed for men and women. The selected predictors were evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and validated internally by bootstrapping. We included 19,114 Australian and US participants aged ≥65 years (median 74 years, IQR 71.6–77.7). Common predictors of a worse prognosis in both sexes included higher age, lower Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, lower gait speed, lower grip strength and abnormal (low or elevated) body mass index. Additional risk factors for men included current smoking, and abnormal eGFR. In women, diabetes and depression were additional predictors. The biased-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the final prognostic models at 5 years were 0.72 for men and 0.75 for women. Final models showed good calibration between the observed and predicted risks. We developed a prediction model in which age, cognitive function and gait speed were the strongest predictors of disability-free survival in healthy older people. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583)

Higher white matter hyperintensity load adversely affects pre-post proximal cognitive training performance in healthy older adults - Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Andrew O’Shea; Jessica N. Kraft; Cheshire Hardcastle; Nicole D. Evangelista; Hanna K. Hausman; Alejandro Albizu; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Samantha G. Smith; Hyun Song; Eric C. Porges; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Investigating the performance of acetylated diethyl ether–Camelina sativa biodiesel as fuel in compression ignition engine - Babalola Aisosa Oni; Samuel Eshorame Sanni; Peter Adeniyi Alaba; Mahmoud M. Hessien; Zeinhom M. El-Bahy (Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2022)

Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam Macoma balthica from the Southern Baltic Sea - Alicja Michnowska; Samuel F. M. Hart; Katarzyna Smolarz; Anna Hallmann; Michael J. Metzger (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is one of the most challenging and unrecognised diseases occurring in aquatic fauna. It has been diagnosed in four bivalve species from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) with the highest frequency in Macoma balthica (formerly Limecola balthica ), reaching up to 94% in some populations. The aetiology of DN in the Baltic Sea has not yet been identified, with earlier studies trying to link its occurrence with environmental pollution. Taking into account recent research providing evidence that DN is horizontally transmitted as clonal cells between individuals in some bivalve species, we aimed to test whether DN is a bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) in the population of M . balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk highly affected with cancer. We examined mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I ( mtCOI ) and elongation factor 1α ( EF1α ) sequences of genomes obtained from haemolymph and tissues of neoplastic and healthy individuals. Sequence analysis resulted in detection of an independent transmissible cancer lineage occurring in four neoplastic clams that is not present in healthy animals. This study describes the first case of BTN in the clam M . balthica (MbaBTN), providing further insights for studies on this disease.

Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment - Gustavo Q. Romero; Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Tomas Roslin; Robert J. Marquis; Nicholas A.C. Marino; Vojtech Novotny; Tatiana Cornelissen; Jerome Orivel; Shen Sui; Gustavo Aires; Reuber Antoniazzi; Wesley Dáttilo; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.

PERFICT: A Re‐imagined foundation for predictive ecology - Eliot J. B. McIntire; Alex M. Chubaty; Steven G. Cumming; Dave Andison; Ceres Barros; Céline Boisvenue; Samuel Haché; Yong Luo; Tatiane Micheletti; Frances E. C. Stewart (Ecology Letters, 2022)
Making predictions from ecological models—and comparing them to data—offers a coherent approach to evaluate model quality, regardless of model complexity or modelling paradigm. To date, our ability to use predictions for developing, validating, updating, integrating and applying models across scientific disciplines while influencing management decisions, policies, and the public has been hampered by disparate perspectives on prediction and inadequately integrated approaches. We present an updated foundation for Predictive Ecology based on seven principles applied to ecological modelling: make frequent Predictions, Evaluate models, make models Reusable, Freely accessible and Interoperable, built within Continuous workflows that are routinely Tested (PERFICT). We outline some benefits of working with these principles: accelerating science; linking with data science; and improving science‐policy integration.

Madagascar Terrestrial Camera Survey Database 2021: A collation of protected forest camera surveys from 2007–2021 - Erin M. Wampole; Brian D. Gerber; Zach J. Farris; Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison; Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa; Claude Jacquot Ralazampirenena; Patricia C. Wright; C. Delaid Rasamisoa; Dean Gibson; Mathias W. Tobler; Timothy M. Eppley; Natalie Vasey; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Madagascar is a threatened global biodiversity hotspot and conservation priority, yet we lack broad‐scale surveys to assess biodiversity across space and time. To fill this gap, we collated camera trap surveys, capturing species occurrences within Madagascar into a single standardized database. This data set includes nine distinct protected areas of Madagascar and encompasses 13 subprojects, 38 camera arrays, and 1156 sampling units (independent camera site per survey) within two important biodiversity eco‐regions: western dry deciduous forest and eastern humid rainforest. Camera surveys were conducted from June 2007 to January 2021. The final data set includes 17 unique families of mammals (Bovidae, Canidae, Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Equidae, Eupleridae, Felidae, Hominidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, Lepilemuridae, Muridae, Nesomyidae, Pteropodidae, Soricidae, Suidae, Tenrecidae) comprising 45 species and 27 unique families of birds (Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Alcedinidae, Bernieridae, Brachypteraciidae, Caprimulgidae, Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Coraciidae, Corvidae, Cuculidae, Dicruridae, Mesitornithidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Numididae, Phasianidae, Rallidae, Sarothruridae, Strigidae, Sturnidae, Sulidae, Threskiornithidae, Upupidae, Vangidae, Zosteropidae) comprising 58 species. Images were processed and verified by individual project data set creators and camera operation and species tables were then collated. The final product represents the first broad‐scale freely available standardized formal faunal database for Madagascar. Data are available through this publication and at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5801806. These data will be useful for examining species‐level and community‐level trends in occurrence across space or time within Madagascar and globally, evaluating native and invasive species dynamics, and will aid in determining species conservation status and planning for at‐risk species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal - Clara Grilo; Beatriz C. Afonso; Filipe Afonso; Marta Alexandre; Sara Aliácar; Ana Almeida; Ivan Prego Alonso; Francisco Álvares; Paulo Alves; Paulo Célio Alves; Pedro Alves; Anabela Amado; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia ( n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera ( n = 18,857), Carnivora ( n = 18,594), Lagomorpha ( n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla ( n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla ( n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [ n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [ n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [ n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation‐related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.

Oil Spill and Socioeconomic Vulnerability in Marine Protected Areas - Felipe Roberto da Silva; Alexandre Schiavetti; Ana Cláudia Mendes Malhado; Beatrice Ferreira; Caio Victor de Paula Sousa; Fábio Pessoa Vieira; Francisco Roberto Pinto; Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza; George Olavo; Jéssica Borba Quintela dos Santos; Joao Vitor Campos-Silva; José Gilmar Cavalcante de Oliveira Júnior; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The extensive oil spill (> 2,900 km) that occurred in the southwestern Atlantic (2019/2020) increased the vulnerability of the Brazilian coast, affecting marine and coastal protected areas (MPAs). In addition to supporting conservation, MPAs are sustainably used by local populations to help maintain ocean-dependent livelihoods. In this sense, we aim to assess the socioeconomic vulnerability of human communities in MPAs affected by this major oil spill. Using digital mapping, we assessed the socioeconomic vulnerability of 68 human communities living in or near 60 MPAs of different categories that were impacted by this spill. This is the first assessment of the vulnerability status of human populations under significant levels of poverty and social inequality, which are particularly dependent on healthy and effective Brazilian MPAs. More than 6,500 enterprises and institutions were mapped, including trade activities, services, tourism, and leisure venues. Most enterprises (34.4%) were involved in the food sector, related to the ocean economy, and, therefore, highly vulnerable to oil spills. Furthermore, the majority (79.3%) of the vulnerable activities are concentrated in multiple-use MPAs, with extractive reserves coming second and accounting for 18%. This result shows the high vulnerability of this tropical coast to oil accidents and the risks to food security for traditional communities. We also found a heterogeneous vulnerability indicator along the coast, with the most vulnerable regions having an undiversified economic matrix heavily dependent on activities such as fishing, family farming, tourism, accommodation, and the food sector. Thus, this study provides a tool to help prevent and mitigate economic losses and increases the understanding of the weaknesses of MPAs in the face of large-scale disasters, thus helping to build socioeconomic and ecological resilience.

Evaluating the adsorptive capacity of three Tunisian clays deposits for several potentially toxic metals in phosphogypsum waste - Kawther Ben Moussa; Saifeddine Eturki; Reinhart Van Poucke; Samuel Bodé; Johan De Grave; Eric Van Ranst; Filip M. G. Tack; Mohamed Moussa (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data - Samuel M. Bashevkin; Brian Mahardja; Larry R. Brown (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Temperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long‐term trends with spatio‐seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr −1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late‐fall to winter (November to February) and mid‐spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long‐term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.

Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities - Charles J. Marsh; Yanina V. Sica; Connor J. Burgin; Wendy A. Dorman; Robert C. Anderson; Isabel del Toro Mijares; Jessica G. Vigneron; Vijay Barve; Victoria L. Dombrowik; Michelle Duong; Robert Guralnick; Julie A. Hart; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). Location Global. Taxon All extant mammal species. Methods Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error‐checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). Results Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life ( mol.org ) and accessed for individual or batch download for non‐commercial use. Main conclusion Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad‐scale characterizations and model‐based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species‐level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.

Demographic consequences of mutualism disruption: Browsing and big‐headed ant invasion drive acacia population declines - Brandon R. Hays; Corinna Riginos; Todd M. Palmer; Daniel F. Doak; Benard C. Gituku; Nelly J. Maiyo; Samuel Mutisya; Simon Musila; Jacob R. Goheen (Ecology, 2022)
Across the globe, biological invasions have disrupted mutualisms, producing reverberating consequences for ecosystems. Although invasive species frequently trigger mutualism disruptions, few studies have quantified the demographic mechanisms by which mutualism breakdown may generate population effects. In a Kenyan savanna, the invasive big‐headed ant ( Pheidole megacephala ) has disrupted a foundational mutualism between the monodominant whistling‐thorn tree ( Acacia drepanolobium ) and native ants ( Crematogaster spp.) that deter browsing by large mammalian herbivores. We conducted experiments to quantify the demographic consequences of this mutualism disruption in the presence and absence of large mammalian herbivores. Invasion by P. megacephala exacerbated population declines of A. drepanolobium , primarily through decreased survival and reproduction of adult trees. However, these fitness reductions were small compared to those resulting from the presence of large mammalian herbivores, which negatively impacted growth and survival. Contrary to expectation, the expulsion of metabolically costly Crematogaster mutualists by P. megacephala did not result in higher population growth rates for trees protected from large mammalian herbivores. Our results suggest that invasive P. megacephala may impose a direct metabolic cost to trees exceeding that of native mutualists while providing no protection from browsing by large mammalian herbivores. Across landscapes, we expect that invasion by P. megacephala will reduce A. drepanolobium populations, but that the magnitude and demographic pathways of this effect will hinge on the presence and abundance of browsers.

Analysis of dairy farming systems in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso - Sanon Hadja Oumou; Neya B. Samuel; Konfe Salif; Bougouma M. C. Valérie (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

A microscale three-dimensional model of urban outdoor thermal exposure (TUF-Pedestrian) - Jacob A. Lachapelle; E. Scott Krayenhoff; Ariane Middel; Samuel Meltzer; Ashley M. Broadbent; Matei Georgescu (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2022)

Proximal improvement and higher-order resting state network change after multidomain cognitive training intervention in healthy older adults - Cheshire Hardcastle; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Alejandro Albizu; Andrew O’Shea; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Nicole D. Evangelista; Kailey Langer; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal control network connectivity and executive functioning in older adults - Hanna K. Hausman; Cheshire Hardcastle; Alejandro Albizu; Jessica N. Kraft; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Kailey Langer; Andrew O’Shea; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Growth hormone increases DNA damage in ovarian follicles and macrophage infiltration in the ovaries - Tatiana D. Saccon; Monique T. Rovani; Driele N. Garcia; Jorgea Pradiee; Rafael G. Mondadori; Luis Augusto X. Cruz; Carlos C. Barros; Yimin Fang; Samuel McFadden; Jeffrey B. Mason; Andrzej Bartke; Michal M. Masternak; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Monitoring metallothionein-like protein concentrations and cholinesterase activity in tropical cup oysters as biomarkers of exposure to metals and pesticides in the southern Caribbean, Colombia - Angela M. Moncaleano-Niño; Maria Camila Gómez-Cubillos; Andrea Luna-Acosta; Luisa Villamil; Samuel Casseres-Ruiz; Michael J. Ahrens (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Reward processing in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder - Jon E. Grant; Tara S. Peris; Emily J. Ricketts; Richard A. I. Bethlehem; Samuel R. Chamberlain; Joseph O’Neill; Jeremiah M. Scharf; Darin D. Dougherty; Thilo Deckersbach; Douglas W. Woods; John Piacentini; Nancy J. Keuthen (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

Subtle structures with not‐so‐subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants - Cássio Cardoso Pereira; Samuel Novais; Milton Barbosa; Daniel Negreiros; Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Tomas Roslin; Robert Marquis; Nicholas Marino; Vojtech Novotny; Jerome Orivel; Shen Sui; Gustavo Aires; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant‐based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.

The long and the short of it: Mechanisms of synchronous and compensatory dynamics across temporal scales - Lauren G. Shoemaker; Lauren M. Hallett; Lei Zhao; Daniel C. Reuman; Shaopeng Wang; Kathryn L. Cottingham; Richard J. Hobbs; Max C. N. Castorani; Amy L. Downing; Joan C. Dudney; Samuel B. Fey; Laureano A. Gherardi; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Synchronous dynamics (fluctuations that occur in unison) are universal phenomena with widespread implications for ecological stability. Synchronous dynamics can amplify the destabilizing effect of environmental variability on ecosystem functions such as productivity, whereas the inverse, compensatory dynamics, can stabilize function. Here we combine simulation and empirical analyses to elucidate mechanisms that underlie patterns of synchronous versus compensatory dynamics. In both simulated and empirical communities, we show that synchronous and compensatory dynamics are not mutually exclusive but instead can vary by timescale. Our simulations identify multiple mechanisms that can generate timescale‐specific patterns, including different environmental drivers, diverse life histories, dispersal, and non‐stationary dynamics. We find that traditional metrics for quantifying synchronous dynamics are often biased toward long‐term drivers and may miss the importance of short‐term drivers. Our findings indicate key mechanisms to consider when assessing synchronous versus compensatory dynamics and our approach provides a pathway for disentangling these dynamics in natural systems.

Predictive mapping of soil copper for site-specific micronutrient management using GIS-based sequential Gaussian simulation - Peter N. Eze; Samuel K. Kumahor; Ndiye M. Kebonye (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Using kinematics to re-define the pull test as a quantitative biomarker of the postural response in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients - Samuel Daly; Jacob T. Hanson; Vibha Mavanji; Amy Gravely; James Jean; Alec Jonason; Scott Lewis; James Ashe; John M. Looft; Robert A. McGovern (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)

Metabolic phenotyping of tear fluid as a prognostic tool for personalised medicine exemplified by T2DM patients - Julia Brunmair; Andrea Bileck; Doreen Schmidl; Gerhard Hagn; Samuel M. Meier-Menches; Nikolaus Hommer; Andreas Schlatter; Christopher Gerner; Gerhard Garhöfer (EPMA Journal, 2022)
Background/aims Concerning healthcare approaches, a paradigm change from reactive medicine to predictive approaches, targeted prevention, and personalisation of medical services is highly desirable. This raises demand for biomarker signatures that support the prediction and diagnosis of diseases, as well as monitoring strategies regarding therapeutic efficacy and supporting individualised treatments. New methodological developments should preferably rely on non-invasively sampled biofluids like sweat and tears in order to provide optimal compliance, reduce costs, and ensure availability of the biomaterial. Here, we have thus investigated the metabolic composition of human tears in comparison to finger sweat in order to find biofluid-specific marker molecules derived from distinct secretory glands. The comprehensive investigation of numerous biofluids may lead to the identification of novel biomarker signatures. Moreover, tear fluid analysis may not only provide insight into eye pathologies but may also be relevant for the prediction and monitoring of disease progression and/ or treatment of systemic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Sweat and tear fluid were sampled from 20 healthy volunteers using filter paper and commercially available Schirmer strips, respectively. Finger sweat analysis has already been successfully established in our laboratory. In this study, we set up and evaluated methods for tear fluid extraction and analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry hyphenated with liquid chromatography, using optimised gradients each for metabolites and eicosanoids. Sweat and tears were systematically compared using statistical analysis. As second approach, we performed a clinical pilot study with 8 diabetic patients and compared them to 19 healthy subjects. Results Tear fluid was found to be a rich source for metabolic phenotyping. Remarkably, several molecules previously identified by us in sweat were found significantly enriched in tear fluid, including creatine or taurine. Furthermore, other metabolites such as kahweol and various eicosanoids were exclusively detectable in tears, demonstrating the orthogonal power for biofluid analysis in order to gain information on individual health states. The clinical pilot study revealed that many endogenous metabolites that have previously been linked to type 2 diabetes such as carnitine, tyrosine, uric acid, and valine were indeed found significantly up-regulated in tears of diabetic patients. Nicotinic acid and taurine were elevated in the diabetic cohort as well and may represent new biomarkers for diabetes specifically identified in tear fluid. Additionally, systemic medications, like metformin, bisoprolol, and gabapentin, were readily detectable in tears of patients. Conclusions The high number of identified marker molecules found in tear fluid apparently supports disease development prediction, developing preventive approaches as well as tailoring individual patients’ treatments and monitoring treatment efficacy. Tear fluid analysis may also support pharmacokinetic studies and patient compliance control.

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary - Samuel M. Bashevkin; Brian Mahardja (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Water temperature and inflow are key environmental drivers in aquatic systems that are linked through a causal web of factors including climate, weather, water management, and their downstream linkages. However, we do not yet fully understand the relationship between inflow and water temperature, especially in complex managed systems such as estuaries. The San Francisco Estuary is the center of a critical water supply infrastructure and home to a deteriorating ecosystem with several declining fish species at the warm edge of their thermal range. We used generalized additive modeling of long‐term monitoring data to evaluate the relationship between inflow and water temperature along with its spatio‐seasonal variability. Most commonly, we found a negative temperature‐inflow relationship in which water temperatures increased as inflow decreased, up to 2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. However, the opposite (positive) relationship was observed in the winter months, and in the western (downstream) regions from July–September, up to − 1.2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. These results were upheld by models that included the long‐term temperature trend or used salinity as a proxy for location. Upstream factors likely played the biggest role in the summer when local precipitation is negligible, whereas local precipitation and the related weather conditions may drive much of the winter pattern. Although further mechanistic studies are needed to infer the direct effect of dam releases on water temperatures, these results provide a broader understanding of the impacts of flood and drought dynamics for those tasked with managing estuarine ecosystems.

Cover Image: Volume 25 Number 3, March 2022 - Joseph A. Tobias; Catherine Sheard; Alex L. Pigot; Adam J. M. Devenish; Jingyi Yang; Ferran Sayol; Montague H. C. Neate‐Clegg; Nico Alioravainen; Thomas L. Weeks; Robert A. Barber; Patrick A. Walkden; Hannah E. A. MacGregor; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2022)

AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds - Joseph A. Tobias; Catherine Sheard; Alex L. Pigot; Adam J. M. Devenish; Jingyi Yang; Ferran Sayol; Montague H. C. Neate‐Clegg; Nico Alioravainen; Thomas L. Weeks; Robert A. Barber; Patrick A. Walkden; Hannah E. A. MacGregor; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2022)
Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity.

Use of 1D Unsteady HEC-RAS in a Coupled System for Compound Flood Modeling: North Carolina Case Study - Samuel T. Bush; Kendra M. Dresback; Christine M. Szpilka; Randall L. Kolar (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
The research presented herein develops and compares an ADCIRC and ADCIRC/HEC-RAS (1D) paired model for the purpose of compound flood modeling within the Tar River and Pamlico Sound basins of North Carolina. Both the ADCIRC and 1D HEC-RAS models are capable of simulating river systems but differ in their underlying numerical formulations. A case-study comparison of each model’s ability to simulate flooding accurately and quickly in a riverine/estuarine system is investigated herein; results may serve as a valuable reference to forecasters and model developers. Individual models of the Tar River and Pamlico Sound area in North Carolina were used, and pairings of these models were devised to determine the benefits and drawbacks of using ADCIRC alone, or ADCIRC + 1D HEC-RAS, to simulate the response of the Tar River and Pamlico Sound during three test events: Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Floyd, and an unnamed April 2003 event. With increased emphasis on predicting total water levels, the results of this study can provide information for the possible development of similarly paired models for coastal river systems across the US and improve the body of knowledge about each model’s relative performance in riverine and estuarine areas.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ocotea pomaderroides extracts: HPLC-MS/MS characterization and molecular modeling studies - Isabella M. A. Reis; Dayse S. A. Cassiano; Rodrigo S. Conceição; Humberto F. de Freitas; Samuel S. da R. Pita; Jorge M. David; Alexsandro Branco (Natural Product Research, 2022)

Precipitation Extremes and Water Vapor - J. David Neelin; Cristian Martinez-Villalobos; Samuel N. Stechmann; Fiaz Ahmed; Gang Chen; Jesse M. Norris; Yi-Hung Kuo; Geert Lenderink (Current Climate Change Reports, 2022)
Purpose of Review: Review our current understanding of how precipitation is related to its thermodynamic environment, i.e., the water vapor and temperature in the surroundings, and implications for changes in extremes in a warmer climate. Recent Findings: Multiple research threads have i) sought empirical relationships that govern onset of strong convective precipitation, or that might identify how precipitation extremes scale with changes in temperature; ii) examined how such extremes change with water vapor in global and regional climate models under warming scenarios; iii) identified fundamental processes that set the characteristic shapes of precipitation distributions. Summary: While water vapor increases tend to be governed by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship to temperature, precipitation extreme changes are more complex and can increase more rapidly, particularly in the tropics. Progress may be aided by bringing separate research threads together and by casting theory in terms of a full explanation of the precipitation probability distribution.

From Hypersaline to Fresh-Brackish: Documenting the Impacts of Human Intervention on a Natural Water Body from Cores, Farmington Bay, UT, USA - Nathan Gunnell; Stephen Nelson; Samuel Rushforth; Kevin Rey; Samuel M. Hudson; Gregory Carling; Theron Miller; Leland Meyers; Daniel Engstrom (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2022)

Performance and efficiency of trap designs baited with sex pheromone for monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda males in corn crops - Samuel Cruz-Esteban; Alberto Julián Valencia-Botín; Armando Virgen; Antonio Santiesteban; Neby M. Mérida-Torres; Julio C. Rojas (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

A National-Level Assessment of Lemur Hunting Pressure in Madagascar - Cortni Borgerson; Steig E. Johnson; Emma Hall; Kerry A. Brown; Pamela R. Narváez-Torres; Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina; Be Noel Razafindrapaoly; Samuel D. Merson; Katharine E. T. Thompson; Sheila M. Holmes; Edward E. Louis; Christopher D. Golden (International Journal of Primatology, 2022)

Higher-order resting state network association with the useful field of view task in older adults - Cheshire Hardcastle; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Alejandro Albizu; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Andrew O’Shea; Kailey Langer; Emily Van Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Next‐generation phylogeography resolves post‐glacial colonization patterns in a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), in Europe - Allan D. McDevitt; Ilaria Coscia; Samuel S. Browett; Aritz Ruiz‐González; Mark J. Statham; Iwona Ruczyńska; Liam Roberts; Joanna Stojak; Alain C. Frantz; Karin Norén; Erik O. Ågren; Jane Learmount; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Carnivores tend to exhibit a lack of (or less pronounced) genetic structure at continental scales in both a geographic and temporal sense and this can confound the identification of post‐glacial colonization patterns in this group. In this study we used genome‐wide data (using genotyping by sequencing [GBS]) to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), by investigating broad‐scale patterns of genomic variation, differentiation and admixture amongst contemporary populations in Europe. Using 15,003 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 524 individuals allowed us to identify the importance of refugial regions for the red fox in terms of endemism (e.g., Iberia). In addition, we tested multiple post‐glacial recolonization scenarios of previously glaciated regions during the Last Glacial Maximum using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach that were unresolved from previous studies. This allowed us to identify the role of admixture from multiple source population post‐Younger Dryas in the case of Scandinavia and ancient land‐bridges in the colonization of the British Isles. A natural colonization of Ireland was deemed more likely than an ancient human‐mediated introduction as has previously been proposed and potentially points to a larger mammalian community on the island in the early post‐glacial period. Using genome‐wide data has allowed us to tease apart broad‐scale patterns of structure and diversity in a widespread carnivore in Europe that was not evident from using more limited marker sets and provides a foundation for next‐generation phylogeographic studies in other non‐model species.

Disturbance is complicated: Headward‐eroding saltmarsh creeks produce multiple responses and recovery trajectories - Fengrun Wu; Steven C. Pennings; Collin Ortals; Jennifer Ruiz; W. Reilly Farrell; Samuel M. McNichol; Christine Angelini; Amanda C. Spivak; Merryl Alber; Chunfu Tong (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Disturbances are one of the most important processes affecting natural systems, but there is a gap between simple conceptual models of disturbance and complex empirical studies. We studied the perturbation caused by headward‐eroding creeks in southeastern USA salt marshes. We measured disturbance responses (magnitude and recovery trajectory) of 19 variables. Some variables (shoot density, root biomass, snail density, soil pH, soil strength, soil temperature, elevation) declined sharply, while other variables (crab burrow density, soil organic matter, soil redox) increased sharply, in response to the burrowed and grazed conditions at the creek head. These variables recovered over subsequent years or decades. Other variables (shoot height, aboveground biomass, rhizome biomass, light interception) declined sharply in the creek head, then overshot control values before recovering. Some variables (benthic algae, soil salinity) did not appear to be disturbed by the creek head. As hypothesized, plants recovered before soils and snails. Disturbance magnitude and time to recovery were often greater directly adjacent to the new creekbank than for the same variables in a parallel transect further away from the creekbank, and in some cases variables never converged with control values, indicating a persistent state change. Reducing the dimensionality of the data set into principal component axes obscured the diverse ways in which different aspects of the system responded to and recovered from the perturbation. Our study illustrates the challenges in moving from simple conceptual models of disturbance to empirical studies in which multiple variables are likely to be affected differently and follow different recovery trajectories.

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America - Rogério R. Silva; Felipe Martello; Rodrigo Machado Feitosa; Otávio Guilherme M. Silva; Lívia Pires do Prado; Carlos Roberto F. Brandão; Emília Zoppas de Albuquerque; Maria Santina C. Morini; Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie; Erison Carlos dos Santos Monteiro; Agripino Emanuel Oliveira Alves; Alexander L. Wild; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region‐wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events.

Precautionary Principle or Evidence-Based Conservation? Assessing the Information Content of Threat Data for the Yangtze Finless Porpoise - Lisa M. W. Mogensen; Zhigang Mei; Yujiang Hao; Xavier A. Harrison; Ding Wang; Samuel T. Turvey (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Conservation management requires evidence, but robust data on key parameters such as threats are often unavailable. Conservation-relevant insights might be available within datasets collected for other reasons, making it important to determine the information content of available data for threatened species and identify remaining data-gaps before investing time and resources in novel data collection. The Yangtze finless porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis ) has declined severely across the middle-lower Yangtze, but multiple threats exist in this system and the relative impact of different anthropogenic activities is unclear, preventing identification of appropriate mitigation strategies. Several datasets containing information on porpoises or potential threats are available from past boat-based and fishing community surveys, which might provide novel insights into causes of porpoise mortality and decline. We employed multiple analytical approaches to investigate spatial relationships between live and dead porpoises and different threats, reproductive trends over time, and sustainable offtake levels, to assess whether evidence-based conservation is feasible under current data availability. Our combined analyses provide new evidence that mortality is spatially associated with increased cargo traffic; observed mortality levels (probably a substantial underestimate of true levels) are unsustainable; and population recruitment is decreasing, although multiple factors could be responsible (pollutants, declining fish stocks, anthropogenic noise, reduced genetic diversity). Available data show little correlation between patterns of mortality and fishing activity even when analyzed across multiple spatial scales; however, interview data can be affected by multiple biases that potentially complicate attempts to reconstruct levels of bycatch, and new data are required to understand dynamics and sustainability of porpoise-fisheries interactions. This critical assessment of existing data thus suggests that in situ porpoise conservation management must target multiple co-occurring threats. Even limited available datasets can provide new insights for understanding declines, and we demonstrate the importance of an integrative approach for investigating complex conservation problems and maximizing evidence in conservation planning for poorly known taxa.

The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Climate Change - Douglas J. Krause; Carolina A. Bonin; Michael E. Goebel; Christian S. Reiss; Samuel M. Woodman; George M. Watters (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Antarctic fur seals (AFS) are an ecologically important predator and a focal indicator species for ecosystem-based Antarctic fisheries management. This species suffered intensive anthropogenic exploitation until the early 1900s, but recolonized most of its former distribution, including the southern-most colony at Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands (SSI). The IUCN describes a single, global AFS population of least concern ; however, extensive genetic analyses clearly identify four distinct breeding stocks, including one in the SSI. To update the population status of SSI AFS, we analyzed 20 years of field-based data including population counts, body size and condition, natality, recruitment, foraging behaviors, return rates, and pup mortality at the largest SSI colony. Our findings show a precipitous decline in AFS abundance (86% decrease since 2007), likely driven by leopard seal predation (increasing since 2001, p << 0.001) and potentially worsening summer foraging conditions. We estimated that leopard seals consumed an average of 69.3% (range: 50.3–80.9%) of all AFS pups born each year since 2010. AFS foraging-trip durations, an index of their foraging habitat quality, were consistent with decreasing krill and fish availability. Significant improvement in the age-specific over-winter body condition of AFS indicates that observed population declines are driven by processes local to the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The loss of SSI AFS would substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the species, and decrease its resilience to climate change. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the conservation status of Antarctic fur seals, particularly for the rapidly declining SSI population.

Chimaera compacta, a new species from southern Indian Ocean, and an estimate of phylogenetic relationships within the genus Chimaera (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeridae) - Samuel P. Iglésias; Jenny M. Kemper; Gavin J. P. Naylor (Ichthyological Research, 2022)

Quantitatively monitoring the resilience of patterned vegetation in the Sahel - Joshua E. Buxton; Jesse F. Abrams; Chris A. Boulton; Nick Barlow; Camila Rangel Smith; Samuel Van Stroud; Kirsten J. Lees; Timothy M. Lenton (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Patterning of vegetation in drylands is a consequence of localized feedback mechanisms. Such feedbacks also determine ecosystem resilience—i.e. the ability to recover from perturbation. Hence, the patterning of vegetation has been hypothesized to be an indicator of resilience, that is, spots are less resilient than labyrinths. Previous studies have made this qualitative link and used models to quantitatively explore it, but few have quantitatively analysed available data to test the hypothesis. Here we provide methods for quantitatively monitoring the resilience of patterned vegetation, applied to 40 sites in the Sahel (a mix of previously identified and new ones). We show that an existing quantification of vegetation patterns in terms of a feature vector metric can effectively distinguish gaps, labyrinths, spots, and a novel category of spot–labyrinths at their maximum extent, whereas NDVI does not. The feature vector pattern metric correlates with mean precipitation. We then explored two approaches to measuring resilience. First we treated the rainy season as a perturbation and examined the subsequent rate of decay of patterns and NDVI as possible measures of resilience. This showed faster decay rates—conventionally interpreted as greater resilience—associated with wetter, more vegetated sites. Second we detrended the seasonal cycle and examined temporal autocorrelation and variance of the residuals as possible measures of resilience. Autocorrelation and variance of our pattern metric increase with declining mean precipitation, consistent with loss of resilience. Thus, drier sites appear less resilient, but we find no significant correlation between the mean or maximum value of the pattern metric (and associated morphological pattern types) and either of our measures of resilience.

Do plant–soil interactions influence how the microbial community responds to environmental change? - Laurel M. Brigham; Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita; Jane G. Smith; Samuel A. Sartwell; Steven K. Schmidt; Katharine N. Suding (Ecology, 2022)
Global change alters ecosystems and their functioning, and biotic interactions can either buffer or amplify such changes. We utilized a long‐term nitrogen (N) addition and species removal experiment in the Front Range of Colorado, USA to determine whether a codominant forb and a codominant grass, with different effects on nutrient cycling and plant community structure, would buffer or amplify the effects of simulated N deposition on soil bacterial and fungal communities. While the plant community was strongly shaped by both the presence of dominant species and N addition, we did not find a mediating effect of the plant community on soil microbial response to N. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found a decoupling of the plant and microbial communities such that the soil microbial community shifted under N independently of directional shifts in the plant community. These findings suggest there are not strong cascading effects of N deposition across the plant–soil interface in our system.

Behavioral Interactions between a Native and an Invasive Fish Species in a Thermally Heterogeneous Experimental Chamber - Lindsy R. Ciepiela; Ryan M. Fitzpatrick; Samuel T. Lewis; Yoichiro Kanno (Fishes, 2021)
Mechanisms of the displacement of native fish by nonnative fish can include agonistic behaviors that push native fish species out of their preferred habitat, including their thermal optima. To examine these interactions, we built an experimental thermal preference chamber to evaluate: (1) the thermal preference of native, glacial relict northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos; (2) if the thermal preference and movement changed in the presence of the invasive western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis; and (3) the direction of agonistic interactions. We hypothesized that G. affinis would express agonistic behavior toward C. eos, because G. affinis is widely recognized as an aggressive invader. Given the temperature range of the experimental chamber, i.e., 20–30 °C, C. eos selected an average of 24.3 °C as its thermal preference. After G. affinis’ introduction, the thermal preference of C. eos increased by 1.7 °C and the movement, given by distance (cm) travelled, increased by 21%. Contrary to our prediction, more agonistic interactions were observed in C. eos toward G. affinis. These results indicate that agonistic behavior of G. affinis toward native fish species may be species- and condition-specific, and may not always be the primary mechanism of native species’ displacement. Biological invasions are a global issue and altered thermal regimes are expected to continue. This study provided the novel approach using of a thermally heterogeneous thermal chamber to examine thermal preferences and aggressive interactions between a native and an invasive species. Future research should examine other life history traits that may be conveying the competitive advantage to G. affinis.

Photodynamic control of citrus crop diseases - Joana R. M. Ferreira; Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia; Samuel Guieu; Artur M. S. Silva; Raquel Nunes da Silva; Ângela Cunha (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021)

Machine Learning Can Assign Geologic Basin to Produced Water Samples Using Major Ion Geochemistry - Jenna L. Shelton; Aaron M. Jubb; Samuel W. Saxe; Emil D. Attanasi; Alexei V. Milkov; Mark Engle; Philip A. Freeman; Christopher A. Shaffer; Madalyn S. Blondes (Natural Resources Research, 2021)
Understanding the geochemistry of waters produced during petroleum extraction is essential to informing the best treatment and reuse options, which can potentially be optimized for a given geologic basin. Here, we used the US Geological Survey’s National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD) to determine if major ion chemistry could be used to classify accurately a produced water sample to a given geologic basin based on similarities to a given training dataset. Two datasets were derived from the PWGD: one with seven features but more samples (PWGD7), and another with nine features but fewer samples (PWGD9). The seven-feature dataset, prior to randomly generating a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, had 58,541 samples, 20 basins, and was classified based on total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, and sulfate (SO 4 ). The nine-feature dataset, prior to randomly splitting into a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, contained 33,271 samples, 19 basins, and was classified based on TDS, HCO 3 , Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, SO 4 , pH, and specific gravity. Three supervised machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Naïve Bayes—were used to develop multi-class classification models to predict a basin of origin for produced waters using major ion chemistry. After training, the models were tested on three different datasets: Validation7, Validation9, and one based on data absent from the PWGD. Prediction accuracies across the models ranged from 23.5 to 73.5% when tested on the two PWGD-based datasets. A model using the Random Forest algorithm predicted most accurately compared to all other models tested. The models generally predicted basin of origin more accurately on the PWGD7-based dataset than on the PWGD9-based dataset. An additional dataset, which contained data not in the PWGD, was used to test the most accurate model; results suggest that some basins may lack geochemical diversity or may not be well described, while others may be geochemically diverse or are well described. A compelling result of this work is that a produced water basin of origin can be determined using major ions alone and, therefore, deep basinal fluid compositions may not be as variable within a given basin as previously thought. Applications include predicting the geochemistry of produced fluid prior to drilling at different intervals and assigning historical produced water data to a producing basin.

WDR37 syndrome: identification of a distinct new cluster of disease-associated variants and functional analyses of mutant proteins - Elena A. Sorokina; Linda M. Reis; Samuel Thompson; Katherine Agre; Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic; Marissa S. Ellingson; Linda Hasadsri; Yolande van Bever; Elena V. Semina (Human Genetics, 2021)

3D-Encoded DENSE MRI with Zonal Excitation for Quantifying Biventricular Myocardial Strain During a Breath-Hold - Eric D. Carruth; Samuel W. Fielden; Christopher D. Nevius; Brandon K. Fornwalt; Christopher M. Haggerty (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2021)

Assessing species reintroduction sites based on future climate suitability for food resources - Samuel C. Gomides; Talita M. Machado; Jôine C. Evangelista‐Vale; Angele Tatiane Martins‐Oliveira; João Carlos Pires‐Oliveira; Angélica Muller; Lucas Barros da Rosa; Domingos Lucas Santos‐Silva; Pedro V. Eisenlohr (Conservation Biology, 2021)
The reintroduction of a species that is extinct in the wild demands caution because reintroduction locations may be associated with threats, such as hunting, poor‐quality habitat, and climate change. This is the case for Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's Macaw), which has been extinct in the wild since 2000. The few living individuals were created in captivity and will be used in a reintroduction project within the species’ original distribution area, the Caatinga domain (Brazil). Because the occurrence records for this bird are old and inaccurate, we investigated the current and future environmental suitability of the 14 plant species used by C. spixii as resource. These plants are key elements for the long‐term reestablishment of the species in the wild, so the use of models helps in the assessment of the effects of climate change on the availability of these resources for the species and informs selection of the best places for reintroduction. We based our models of environmental suitability on 19 bioclimatic variables and nine physical soil and topography variables. Climate projections were created for the present and for the year 2070 with an optimistic (SSP2‐4.5) and a pessimistic (SSP5‐8.5) climate scenario. Both future climate scenarios lead to a reduction in area of environmental suitability that overlapped for all the plant species: 33% reduction for SSP2‐4.5 and 63% reduction for SSP5‐8.5. If our projections materialize, climate change could thus affect the distribution of key resources, and the maintenance of C. spixii would depend on restoration of degraded areas, especially riparian forests, and the preservation of already existing natural areas. The Caatinga domain is very threatened by habitat loss and, for the success of this reintroduction project, the parties involved must act to protect the species and the resources it uses.

The chemistry and biological activities of Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka (Rutaceae), a vegetatively propagated species - Samuel Magloire Bissim; Sidonie Beatrice Kenmogne; Jules Songue Lobe; Albert Fouda Atangana; Achile Nouga Bissoue; Moses K. Langat; Sani M. Isyaka; Mehreen Lateef; Ngeufa Happi Emmanuel; Jean Duplex Wansi; Muhammad Shaiq Ali; Alain François Kamdem Waffo (Natural Product Research, 2021)

The influence of short-term high-altitude acclimatization on cerebral and leg tissue oxygenation post-orthostasis - Masahiro Horiuchi; Kazunobu Okazaki; Katsumi Asano; Alexander T. Friend; Gabriella M. K. Rossetti; Samuel J. Oliver (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)

Experimental and comparative study of Chinese commercial improved coal-fired cooking and space-heating stoves - Riaz Ahmad; Adnan Abbas; Wang Jufei; Li Hua; Muhammad Sultan; Bohong Li; Samuel M Nyambura; Pan Xingjia (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

The second wave of earthworm invasions in North America: biology, environmental impacts, management and control of invasive jumping worms - Chih-Han Chang; Marie L. C. Bartz; George Brown; Mac A. Callaham; Erin K. Cameron; Andrea Dávalos; Annise Dobson; Josef H. Görres; Bradley M. Herrick; Hiroshi Ikeda; Samuel W. James; Marie R. Johnston; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2021)

The codification of hazard and its impact on the hazard versus risk controversy - John E. Doe; Alan R. Boobis; Samuel M. Cohen; Vicki L. Dellarco; Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp; Angelo Moretto; Timothy P. Pastoor; Rita S. Schoeny; Jennifer G. Seed; Douglas C. Wolf (Archives of Toxicology, 2021)
The long running controversy about the relative merits of hazard-based versus risk-based approaches has been investigated. There are three levels of hazard codification: level 1 divides chemicals into dichotomous bands of hazardous and non-hazardous; level 2 divides chemicals into bands of hazard based on severity and/or potency; and level 3 places each chemical on a continuum of hazard based on severity and/or potency. Any system which imposes compartments onto a continuum will give rise to issues at the boundaries, especially with only two compartments. Level 1 schemes are only justifiable if there is no variation in severity, or potency or if there is no threshold. This is the assumption implicit in GHS/EU classification for carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and mutagenicity. However, this assumption has been challenged. Codification level 2 hazard assessments offer a range of choices and reduce the built-in conflict inherent in the level 1 process. Level 3 assessments allow a full range of choices between the extremes and reduce the built-in conflict even more. The underlying reason for the controversy between hazard and risk is the use of level 1 hazard codification schemes in situations where there are ranges of severity and potency which require the use of level 2 or level 3 hazard codification. There is not a major difference between level 2 and level 3 codification, and they can both be used to select appropriate risk management options. Existing level 1 codification schemes should be reviewed and developed into level 2 schemes where appropriate.

Von Willebrand factor multimers during non-invasive ultrasound therapy for aortic valve stenosis - David M. Smadja; Guillaume Goudot; Nicolas Gendron; Samuel Zarka; Etienne Puymirat; Aurélien Philippe; Christian Spaulding; Christophe Peronino; Mickael Tanter; Mathieu Pernot; Emmanuel Messas (Angiogenesis, 2021)

Regional versus latitudinal variation in the life‐history traits and demographic rates of a reef fish, Centropyge bispinosa , in the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks, Australia - Jake R. Lowe; Samuel D. Payet; Hugo B. Harrison; Jean‐Paul A. Hobbs; Andrew S. Hoey; Brett M. Taylor; Tane H. Sinclair‐Taylor; Morgan S. Pratchett (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
Environmental temperature is an important determinant of physiological processes and life histories in ectotherms. Over latitudinal scales, variation in temperature has been linked to changes in life‐history traits and demographic rates, with growth and mortality rates generally being greatest at low latitudes, and longevity and maximum length being greater at higher latitudes. Using the two‐spined angelfish, Centropyge bispinosa , as our focal species, we compared growth patterns, growth rates, longevity, mortality, asymptotic length and maximum length across 22 reefs that span 13° of latitude within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) and the Coral Sea Marine Park (CSMP), Australia. We found no predictable latitudinal variation in mortality rates, growth patterns, growth rates, asymptotic or maximum length of C. bispinosa at regional to biogeographic scales. However, C. bispinosa consistently exhibited reduced longevity at lower, warmer latitudes within the CSMP. The greatest differences in mean maximum length of C. bispinosa were between continental (GBRMP) and oceanic (central CSMP) reefs of similar latitude, with individuals being larger on average on continental versus oceanic reefs. The lack of predictable life‐history and demographic variation in C. bispinosa across a 13° latitudinal gradient within the CSMP, coupled with differences in mean maximum length between continental and oceanic reefs at similar latitudes, suggest that local environmental conditions have a greater influence than environmental temperature on the demographic rates and life‐history traits of C. bispinosa .

The spatial synchrony of species richness and its relationship to ecosystem stability - Jonathan A. Walter; Lauren G. Shoemaker; Nina K. Lany; Max C. N. Castorani; Samuel B. Fey; Joan C. Dudney; Laureano Gherardi; Cristina Portales‐Reyes; Andrew L. Rypel; Kathryn L. Cottingham; Katharine N. Suding; Daniel C. Reuman; et al. (Ecology, 2021)
Synchrony is broadly important to population and community dynamics due to its ubiquity and implications for extinction dynamics, system stability, and species diversity. Investigations of synchrony in community ecology have tended to focus on covariance in the abundances of multiple species in a single location. Yet, the importance of regional environmental variation and spatial processes in community dynamics suggests that community properties, such as species richness, could fluctuate synchronously across patches in a metacommunity, in an analog of population spatial synchrony. Here, we test the prevalence of this phenomenon and the conditions under which it may occur using theoretical simulations and empirical data from 20 marine and terrestrial metacommunities. Additionally, given the importance of biodiversity for stability of ecosystem function, we posit that spatial synchrony in species richness is strongly related to stability. Our findings show that metacommunities often exhibit spatial synchrony in species richness. We also found that richness synchrony can be driven by environmental stochasticity and dispersal, two mechanisms of population spatial synchrony. Richness synchrony also depended on community structure, including species evenness and beta diversity. Strikingly, ecosystem stability was more strongly related to richness synchrony than to species richness itself, likely because richness synchrony integrates information about community processes and environmental forcing. Our study highlights a new approach for studying spatiotemporal community dynamics and emphasizes the spatial dimensions of community dynamics and stability.

Toward a Global Public Repository of Community Protocols to Encourage Best Practices in Biomolecular Ocean Observing and Research - Robyn M. Samuel; Raissa Meyer; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Neil Davies; Nicholas W. Jeffery; Christopher Meyer; Christina Pavloudi; Kathleen Johnson Pitz; Maxime Sweetlove; Susanna Theroux; Jodie van de Kamp; Alison Watts (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Biomolecular ocean observing and research is a rapidly evolving field that uses omics approaches to describe biodiversity at its foundational level, giving insight into the structure and function of marine ecosystems over time and space. It is an especially effective approach for investigating the marine microbiome. To mature marine microbiome research and operations within a global ocean biomolecular observing network (OBON) for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and beyond, research groups will need a system to effectively share, discover, and compare “omic” practices and protocols. While numerous informatic tools and standards exist, there is currently no global, publicly-supported platform specifically designed for sharing marine omics [or any omics] protocols across the entire value-chain from initiating a study to the publication and use of its results. Toward that goal, we propose the development of the Minimum Information for an Omic Protocol (MIOP), a community-developed guide of curated, standardized metadata tags and categories that will orient protocols in the value-chain for the facilitated, structured, and user-driven discovery of suitable protocol suites on the Ocean Best Practices System. Users can annotate their protocols with these tags, or use them as search criteria to find appropriate protocols. Implementing such a curated repository is an essential step toward establishing best practices. Sharing protocols and encouraging comparisons through this repository will be the first steps toward designing a decision tree to guide users to community endorsed best practices.

Status of health and conservation classification of tropical coral reefs in Lakshadweep archipelago - M. Gopi; J. Joyson Joe Jeevamani; S. Goutham; Nina Tabitha Simon; V. Deepak Samuel; K. R. Abhilash; R. S. Robin; G. Hariharan; R. Muruganandam; P. Krishnan; R. Purvaja; R. Ramesh (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2021)

Coral annual growth band impregnated microplastics (Porites sp.): a first investigation report - S. Krishnakumar; S. Anbalagan; S. M. Hussain; R. Bharani; Prince Samuel Godson; S. Srinivasalu (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2021)

An avian urban morphotype: how the city environment shapes great tit morphology at different life stages - Aude E. Caizergues; Anne Charmantier; Marcel M. Lambrechts; Samuel Perret; Virginie Demeyrier; Annick Lucas; Arnaud Grégoire (Urban Ecosystems, 2021)

Impact of varied time of feeding on the lactation and growth performance of West African Dwarf goat - Moyosore J. Adegbeye; Adebowale N. Fajemisin; Samuel O. Aro; Oluwatosin B. Omotoso; Toye Christopher; Adebola M. Aderibigbe; Mona M. M. Y. Elghandour; Abdelfattah. Z. Salem (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021)

Higher CSF Ferritin Heavy-Chain (Fth1) and Transferrin Predict Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV - Harpreet Kaur; William S. Bush; Scott L. Letendre; Ronald J. Ellis; Robert K. Heaton; Stephanie M. Patton; James R. Connor; David C. Samuels; Donald R. Franklin; Todd Hulgan; Asha R. Kallianpur (Molecular Neurobiology, 2021)

Imaging-based indices of Neuropathology and gait speed decline in older adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study - Kevin J Sullivan; Radhikesh Ranadive; Dan Su; Blake R Neyland; Timothy M Hughes; Christina E Hugenschmidt; Samuel N Lockhart; Dean F Wong; Clifford R Jack; Rebecca F Gottesman; Thomas H Mosley; Michael E Griswold; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2021)

Diversity of resources and volatility of metallurgical networks—multi-methodological provenance analysis of neolithic and EBA-copper-artefacts from Switzerland and eastern France - Eda Gross; Samuel van Willigen; Igor M. Villa; Gishan F. Schaeren; Rossana Cardani Vergani; Ebbe H. Nielsen; Pierre Pétrequin; Thomas Reitmaier; Katharina Schäppi; Katharina Schmidt-Ott; Regula Steinhauser-Zimmermann; Erwin Hildbrand (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021)

Predictive Factors of Kinematics in Traumatic Brain Injury from Head Impacts Based on Statistical Interpretation - Xianghao Zhan; Yiheng Li; Yuzhe Liu; August G. Domel; Hossein Vahid Alizadeh; Zhou Zhou; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Samuel J. Raymond; Stephen Tiernan; Jesse Ruan; Saeed Barbat; Olivier Gevaert; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Time Window of Head Impact Kinematics Measurement for Calculation of Brain Strain and Strain Rate in American Football - Yuzhe Liu; August G. Domel; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Eli Rice; Ashlyn A. Callan; Samuel J. Raymond; Zhou Zhou; Xianghao Zhan; Yiheng Li; Michael M. Zeineh; Gerald A. Grant; David B. Camarillo (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Genetic connectivity of two marine gastropods in the Mediterranean Sea: seascape genetics reveals species‐specific oceanographic drivers of gene flow - Violeta López‐Márquez; Samuel A. Cushman; José Templado; Ho Yi Wan; Helen M. Bothwell; Annie Machordom (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Oceanographic features such as currents, waves, temperature and salinity, together with life history traits, control patterns and rates of gene flow and contribute to shaping the population genetic structure of marine organisms. Seascape genetics is an emerging discipline that adopts a spatially explicit approach to examine biotic and abiotic factors that drive gene flow in marine environments. In this study, we examined factors that contribute to genetic differentiation in two coastal Mediterranean gastropods whose geographical ranges overlap but which inhabit different environments. The two species differ in several life history traits and in their dispersal capabilities. Genetic differentiation was relatively low for the trochid species Gibbula divaricata ( F ST =0.059), and high for the vermetid species Dendropoma lebeche ( F ST =0.410). Salinity emerged as the most important variable explaining the genetic structure of both species; sea surface temperature was also important for G . divaricata . For the more sessile D . lebeche , the coastline was predicted to provide important pathways for stepping‐stone connectivity and gene flow. Our results provide a greater understanding of the factors influencing marine population connectivity, which may be useful to guide marine conservation and management in the Mediterranean.

A “Dirty” Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils - Wilian C. Demetrio; Ana C. Conrado; Agno N. S. Acioli; Alexandre C. Ferreira; Marie L. C. Bartz; Samuel W. James; Elodie da Silva; Lilianne S. Maia; Gilvan C. Martins; Rodrigo S. Macedo; David W. G. Stanton; Patrick Lavelle; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre‐Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre‐Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high‐fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.

Insects in food and feed systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the untapped potentials - Samuel A. Babarinde; Brighton M. Mvumi; Grace O. Babarinde; Faith A. Manditsera; Taiwo O. Akande; Adebusola A. Adepoju (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)