CropPol : A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination - Alfonso Allen‐Perkins; Ainhoa Magrach; Matteo Dainese; Lucas A. Garibaldi; David Kleijn; Romina Rader; James R. Reilly; Rachael Winfree; Ola Lundin; Carley M. McGrady; Claire Brittain; David J. Biddinger; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open, and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e., berry mass, number of fruits, and fruit density [kg/ha], among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), North America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001–2005 (21 studies), 2006–2010 (40), 2011–2015 (88), and 2016–2020 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non‐commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY‐NC‐SA).

FLOCponics: The integration of biofloc technology with plant production - Sara M Pinho; Jéssica P de Lima; Luiz H David; Maurício G C Emerenciano; Simon Goddek; Marc C J Verdegem; Karel J Keesman; Maria Célia Portella (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2022)
FLOCponics is an alternative type of aquaponics that integrates biofloc technology (BFT) with soilless plant production. The aims of this paper are to present a detailed overview of the FLOCponics system's designs and performance, discuss their sustainability, highlight the current challenges, and give directions for future research. Data sources include papers containing the keywords bioflocs and hydroponics, aquaponics and/or plant production. In view of the small number of publications and the lack of standardization in experimental design and system setup, it was concluded that FLOCponics is still in its initial research stage. With respect to the animal and plant yields in FLOCponics, inconsistent results were found. Some investigations presented better or similar yield results in this system compared to traditional cultures, while others found the opposite. One of the key challenges of using FLOCponics is the effective control of solids. Refining the system's design was the main recommended improvement. Moreover, this paper highlights that the commercial application of FLOCponics will require extensive research that clarifies its technical and economic aspects, originating from experimental or pilot‐scale setups with characteristics similar to commercial production. This review provides and discusses information that can be useful for the effective development of FLOCponics, guiding further research to make FLOCponics commercially feasible and thus contributing to sustainable aquaculture production.

Strengthening Angel Shark Conservation in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea - Ioannis Giovos; Dimitra Katsada; Roxani Naasan Aga Spyridopoulou; Dimitrios Poursanidis; Aggeliki Doxa; Stelios Katsanevakis; Periklis Kleitou; Vasiliki Oikonomou; Vasileios Minasidis; Ayaka A. Ozturk; Dimitra Petza; Maria Sini; et al. (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
Angel sharks are among the most threatened species of sharks globally. Twenty-two species have been identified globally so far, with three species being present in the Mediterranean Sea: Squatina aculeata, Squatina oculata, and Squatina squatina. The Mediterranean populations of all three species have been assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to the steep decline of their populations as a result of their historical and current overexploitation by demersal fisheries. Therefore, currently there is an ongoing increasing effort for advancing the conservation of the species in the basin. Recently, in the context of the Regional Action Plan for Mediterranean Angel Sharks, the Aegean Sea and Crete have been identified as critical areas for all three species. This study provides the first predictive distribution map of the three angel shark species in the basin, while critical areas for the conservation of the species were identified through a systematic spatial conservation planning analysis. Our analysis revealed low overlapping between the existing MPA network and critical areas for the distribution of the species primarily in Greece and then Turkey, while 20% of the critical areas for the distribution of the species overlaps with Fisheries Restricted Areas of the region. This highlights the need for creating MPAs focusing on shark conservation within the Mediterranean that are currently completely absent. In addition, we provide policy recommendations that can secure better protection of angel sharks through the enforcement of the current legislations and the engagement of all relevant stakeholders.

Long distance pollen dispersal and intrapopulation genetic structure determined by clonal diversity in Hymenaea stigonocarpa populations of the Brazilian savanna - Maria A. Moreno; David Boshier; Roberto Tarazi; Evandro V. Tambarussi; Bruna I. Aguiar; Elza M. Ferraz; Paulo Y. Kageyama; Alexandre M. Sebbenn (Trees, 2022)

Calorie restriction changes lipidomic profiles and maintains mitochondrial function and redox balance during isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy - Cícera Edna Barbosa David; Aline Maria Brito Lucas; Pedro Lourenzo Oliveira Cunha; Yuana Ivia Ponte Viana; Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga; Sayuri Miyamoto; Adriano Brito Chaves Filho; Anna Lídia Nunes Varela; Alicia Juliana Kowaltowski; Heberty Tarso Facundo (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022)

A human-derived 3D brain organoid model to study JC virus infection - Paula Barreras; David Pamies; Maria Chiara Monaco; Laura S. Muñoz; Xiali Zhong; Eugene O. Major; Helena T. Hogberg; Thomas Hartung; Carlos A. Pardo (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2022)

Role of microRNAs in response to cadmium chloride in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - Maria Mortoglou; Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic; Vladimir Djordjevic; Hunter Collins; Lauren York; Katherine Mani; Elizabeth Valle; David Wallace; Pinar Uysal-Onganer (Archives of Toxicology, 2022)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal and aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 9%. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of symptoms even in advanced stages. microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small (~ 18–24 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including PDAC. Alterations of miR expressions can lead to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd) in PDAC has been suggested but not fully understood. This study underlines the role of miRs (miR-221, miR-155, miR-126) in response to cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) in vitro. Lethal concentration (LC50) values for CdCl 2 resulted in a toxicity series of AsPC-1 > HPNE > BxPC-3 > Panc-1 = Panc-10.5. Following the treatment with CdCl 2 , miR-221 and miR-155 were significantly overexpressed, whereas miR-126 was downregulated. An increase in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the dysregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Wnt-11, E-cadherin, Snail, and Zeb1 was also observed. Hence, this study has provided evidence to suggest that the environmental pollutant Cd can have a significant role in the development of PDAC, suggesting a significant correlation between miRs and Cd exposure during PDAC progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the precise role of miRs in PDAC progression as well as the role of Cd and other environmental pollutants.

Limited biogeochemical modification of surface waters by kelp forest canopies: Influence of kelp metabolism and site‐specific hydrodynamics - Sarah B. Traiger; Brian Cohn; Demetra Panos; Margaret Daly; Heidi K. Hirsh; Maria Martone; Isabella Gutierrez; David A. Mucciarone; Yuichiro Takeshita; Stephen G. Monismith; Robert B. Dunbar; Kerry J. Nickols (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Climate change is causing decreases in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal ecosystems. Canopy‐forming giant kelp can locally increase DO and pH through photosynthesis, with the most pronounced effect expected in surface waters where the bulk of kelp biomass resides. However, limited observations are available from waters in canopies and measurements at depth show limited potential of giant kelp to ameliorate chemical conditions. We quantified spatiotemporal variability of surface biogeochemistry and assessed the role of biological and physical drivers in pH and DO modification at two locations differing in hydrodynamics inside and outside of two kelp forests in Monterey Bay, California in summer 2019. pH, DO, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and temperature were measured at and near the surface, in conjunction with physical parameters (currents and pressure), nutrients, and metrics of phytoplankton and kelp biological processes. DO and pH were highest, with lower DIC, at the surface inside kelp forests. However, differences inside vs. outside of kelp forests were small (DO 6–8%, pH 0.05 higher in kelp). The kelp forest with lower significant wave height and slower currents had greater modification of surface biogeochemistry as indicated by larger diel variation and slightly higher mean DO and pH, despite lower kelp growth rates. Differences between kelp forests and offshore areas were not driven by nutrients or phytoplankton. Although kelp had clear effects on biogeochemistry, which were modulated by hydrodynamics, the small magnitude and spatial extent of the effect limits the potential of kelp forests to mitigate acidification and hypoxia.

Framing Cutting-Edge Integrative Deep-Sea Biodiversity Monitoring via Environmental DNA and Optoacoustic Augmented Infrastructures - Sergio Stefanni; Luca Mirimin; David Stanković; Damianos Chatzievangelou; Lucia Bongiorni; Simone Marini; Maria Vittoria Modica; Elisabetta Manea; Federico Bonofiglio; Joaquin del Rio Fernandez; Neven Cukrov; Ana Gavrilović; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Deep-sea ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity that are largely unexplored, but their exploration and biodiscovery are becoming a reality thanks to biotechnological advances (e.g., omics technologies) and their integration in an expanding network of marine infrastructures for the exploration of the seas, such as cabled observatories. While still in its infancy, the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approaches is revolutionizing marine biodiversity monitoring capability. Indeed, the analysis of eDNA in conjunction with the collection of multidisciplinary optoacoustic and environmental data, can provide a more comprehensive monitoring of deep-sea biodiversity. Here, we describe the potential for acquiring eDNA as a core component for the expanding ecological monitoring capabilities through cabled observatories and their docked Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs), such as crawlers. Furthermore, we provide a critical overview of four areas of development: (i) Integrating eDNA with optoacoustic imaging; (ii) Development of eDNA repositories and cross-linking with other biodiversity databases; (iii) Artificial Intelligence for eDNA analyses and integration with imaging data; and (iv) Benefits of eDNA augmented observatories for the conservation and sustainable management of deep-sea biodiversity. Finally, we discuss the technical limitations and recommendations for future eDNA monitoring of the deep-sea. It is hoped that this review will frame the future direction of an exciting journey of biodiscovery in remote and yet vulnerable areas of our planet, with the overall aim to understand deep-sea biodiversity and hence manage and protect vital marine resources.

Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severity - Chiara Fallerini; Nicola Picchiotti; Margherita Baldassarri; Kristina Zguro; Sergio Daga; Francesca Fava; Elisa Benetti; Sara Amitrano; Mirella Bruttini; Maria Palmieri; Susanna Croci; Mirjam Lista; et al. (Human Genetics, 2022)
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the presence of variants in each gene. An ensemble of LASSO logistic regression models was used to identify the most informative Boolean features with respect to the genetic bases of severity. The Boolean features selected by these logistic models were combined into an Integrated PolyGenic Score that offers a synthetic and interpretable index for describing the contribution of host genetics in COVID-19 severity, as demonstrated through testing in several independent cohorts. Selected features belong to ultra-rare, rare, low-frequency, and common variants, including those in linkage disequilibrium with known GWAS loci. Noteworthily, around one quarter of the selected genes are sex-specific. Pathway analysis of the selected genes associated with COVID-19 severity reflected the multi-organ nature of the disease. The proposed model might provide useful information for developing diagnostics and therapeutics, while also being able to guide bedside disease management.

Essential outcomes for COP26 - Pete Smith; Linda Beaumont; Carl J. Bernacchi; Maria Byrne; William Cheung; Richard T. Conant; Francesca Cotrufo; Xiaojuan Feng; Ivan Janssens; Hefin Jones; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Kazuhiko Kobayashi; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)

Involvement of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and BDNF up-regulating properties in the antipsychotic-like effect of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet in mice: a comparative study with olanzapine - Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de Araújo; Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho; Adriana Mary Nunes; Gersilene Valente de Oliveira; Patrícia Xavier Lima Gomes; Germana Silva Vasconcelos; Jaqueline Carletti; Manoel Odorico de Moraes; Maria Elisabete de Moraes; Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos; Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa; David Freitas de Lucena; et al. (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2021)

Insulin and glucose regulation at rest and during flight in a Neotropical nectar-feeding bat - David Leonardo Justinico Castro; Renata Maria P. Freitas; Stella Bicalho Silva; Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves de Melo; Mariaurea M. Sarandy; Esteban Giraldo Ospina; Sirlene Rodrigues Sartori; Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves; Mariella Bontempo Freitas (Mammalian Biology, 2021)

Lack of physical activity, neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment in older community-dwelling individuals - Janina Krell-Roesch; Jeremy A. Syrjanen; Jelena Bezold; Sandra Trautwein; Bettina Barisch-Fritz; Walter K. Kremers; Mary M. Machulda; Michelle M. Mielke; David S. Knopman; Ronald C. Petersen; Alexander Woll; Maria Vassilaki; et al. (German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 2021)
The present study examined the longitudinal association and interaction between lack of engaging in physical activity (PA) and presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) with the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors conducted a prospective cohort study in the setting of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Minnesota, USA, involving 3083 cognitively unimpaired persons aged ≥ 50 years (1570 males; median age, 74 years). Predictors included: lack of engaging in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA within 1 year of baseline assessment as measured by a self-reported questionnaire; and presence of NPS (agitation, anxiety, apathy, appetite change, sleep/nighttime disturbance, depression, irritability, clinical depression, clinical anxiety) as measured by standardized tools. When the authors detected a statistically significant interaction, they compared the risk of incident MCI between four groups of participants (no NPS/engaging in PA = reference group; NPS/engaging in PA; no NPS/not engaging in PA; NPS/not engaging in PA) by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age (as time scale), sex, education, global cognition, medical comorbidities, and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 599 participants developed incident MCI. Not engaging in vigorous intensity PA and having sleep/nighttime disturbance (HR [95% CI], 1.61 [1.07, 2.43]; p = 0.021), clinical depression (1.98 [1.34, 2.92]; p < 0.001) or clinical anxiety (1.63 [1.11, 2.41]; p = 0.013) was associated with an increased risk of incident MCI as compared to the reference group. Thus, the combined presence of lack of vigorous intensity physical activity with sleep/nighttime disturbance behavior, clinical depression, or clinical anxiety was greater than the expected arithmetic sum of their independent effects. Neuropsychiatric symptoms appear to be a stronger driving force of incident MCI than lack of physical activity.

The ERACE-PA Global Surveillance Program: Ceftolozane/tazobactam and Ceftazidime/avibactam in vitro Activity against a Global Collection of Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Christian M. Gill; Elif Aktaþ; Wadha Alfouzan; Lori Bourassa; Adrian Brink; Carey-Ann D. Burnham; Rafael Canton; Yehuda Carmeli; Marco Falcone; Carlos Kiffer; Anna Marchese; Octavio Martinez; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021)
The cephalosporin-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam, have revolutionized treatment of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA). A contemporary assessment of their in vitro potency against a global CR-PA collection and an assessment of carbapenemase diversity are warranted. Isolates determined as CR-PA by the submitting site were collected from 2019–2021 (17 centers in 12 countries) during the ERACE-PA Global Surveillance Program. Broth microdilution MICs were assessed per CLSI standards for ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime, and cefepime. Phenotypic carbapenemase testing was conducted (modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM)). mCIM positive isolates underwent genotypic carbapenemase testing using the CarbaR, the CarbaR NxG, or whole genome sequencing. The MIC 50/90 was reported as well as percent susceptible (CLSI and EUCAST interpretation). Of the 807 isolates, 265 (33%) tested carbapenemase-positive phenotypically. Of these, 228 (86%) were genotypically positive for a carbapenemase with the most common being VIM followed by GES. In the entire cohort of CR-PA, ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam had MIC 50/90 values of 2/ > 64 and 4/64 mg/L, respectively. Ceftazidime/avibactam was the most active agent with 72% susceptibility per CLSI compared with 63% for ceftolozane/tazobactam. For comparison, 46% of CR-PA were susceptible to ceftazidime and cefepime. Against carbapenemase-negative isolates, 88 and 91% of isolates were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam remained highly active against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa , particularly in the absence of carbapenemases. The contemporary ERACE-PA Global Program cohort with 33% carbapenemase positivity including diverse enzymology will be useful to assess therapeutic options in these clinically challenging organisms with limited therapies.

Correction to: Reproducibility and accuracy of microscale thermophoresis in the NanoTemper Monolith: a multi laboratory benchmark study - Blanca López-Méndez; Bruno Baron; Chad A. Brautigam; Thomas A. Jowitt; Stefan H. Knauer; Stephan Uebel; Mark A. Williams; Arthur Sedivy; Olga Abian; Celeste Abreu; Malgorzata Adamczyk; Wojciech Bal; et al. (European Biophysics Journal, 2021)

Women in science symposium - David J. Crossman; Maria Cristina Nonato (Biophysical Reviews, 2021)

Spatial and temporal distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Pampa biome streams, Brazil - Tieli Cláudia Menzel; Sirlei Maria Hentges; Cristiane Maria Loebens; David Augusto Reynalte-Tataje; Milton Norberto Strieder (Biologia, 2021)

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2021)

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2021)

Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer - Daphne Donis; Evanthia Mantzouki; Daniel F. McGinnis; Dominic Vachon; Irene Gallego; Hans‐Peter Grossart; Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis; Sven Teurlincx; Laura Seelen; Miquel Lürling; Yvon Verstijnen; Valentini Maliaka; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2021)
To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L −1 ), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a ) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long‐term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4°C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient‐rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.

Local canopy disturbance as an explanation for long‐term increases in liana abundance - Stefan A. Schnitzer; David M. DeFilippis; Marco Visser; Sergio Estrada‐Villegas; Rigoberto Rivera‐Camaña; Boris Bernal; Salomé Peréz; Abelino Valdéz; Seberino Valdéz; Antonio Aguilar; James W. Dalling; Eben N. Broadbent; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2021)
Canopy disturbance explains liana abundance and distribution within tropical forests and thus may also explain the widespread pattern of increasing liana abundance; however, this hypothesis remains untested. We used a 10‐year study (2007–2017) of 117,100 rooted lianas in an old‐growth Panamanian forest to test whether local canopy disturbance explains increasing liana abundance. We found that liana density increased 29.2% and basal area 12.5%. The vast majority of these increases were associated with clonal stem proliferation following canopy disturbance, particularly in liana‐dense, low‐canopy gaps, which had far greater liana increases than did undisturbed forest. Lianas may be ecological niche constructors, arresting tree regeneration in gaps and thus creating a high‐light environment that favours sustained liana proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that liana abundance is increasing rapidly and their ability to proliferate via copious clonal stem production in canopy gaps explains much of their increase in this and possibly other tropical forests.

Application of a Multidisciplinary Weight of Evidence Approach as a Tool for Monitoring the Ecological Risk of Dredging Activities - Giuseppe d'Errico; Alessandro Nardi; Maura Benedetti; Marica Mezzelani; Daniele Fattorini; Marta Di Carlo; Lucia Pittura; Maria Elisa Giuliani; Simona Macchia; Valentina Vitiello; Davide Sartori; Alice Scuderi; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The use of multidisciplinary investigations for the evaluation of aquatic ecosystems status is recommended by the European Directives, but it is still a challenging practice. In this study, we apply a quantitative weight of evidence (WOE) approach (Sediqualsoft) for the integration of extensive data obtained from different typologies of investigations, obtained over a 4-year monitoring study of dredging activities in the harbor of Leghorn (Italy). During different phases of such operations, selected sites have been characterized in terms of levels of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments, bioaccumulation of contaminants, and a wide battery of biomarkers in transplanted mussels, ecotoxicological effects of sediments through a battery of bioassays (algal growth inhibition, bioluminescence inhibition, and embryotoxicity tests), and the status of benthic communities. Each typology of data, line of evidence (LOE), has been initially elaborated through dedicated logical flowcharts and algorithms providing specific hazard indices, followed by their overall integration based on different weights assigned to each LOE. This approach allowed to summarize more than 10,000 results, reaching robust conclusions on environmental impact during various phases of dredging operations. This approach was confirmed as a useful tool for monitoring the risk, supporting a “site-oriented” decision making process by providing stakeholders simple interpretation of complex data.

Morphological anomalies found in female Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) - David W. Ramilo; Ana Maria Filipe; Javier Lucientes; Maria Teresa Rebelo; Luis Cardoso; Isabel Pereira da Fonseca (Biologia, 2021)

Seabird Migration Strategies: Flight Budgets, Diel Activity Patterns, and Lunar Influence - Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun; Maria P. Dias; Richard A. Phillips; José P. Granadeiro; M. de L. Brooke; Olivier Chastel; Thomas A. Clay; Annette L. Fayet; Olivier Gilg; Jacob González-Solís; Tim Guilford; Sveinn A. Hanssen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Every year, billions of birds undertake extensive migrations between breeding and non-breeding areas, facing challenges that require behavioural adjustments, particularly to flight timing and duration. Such adjustments in daily activity patterns and the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental conditions, moonlight) have received much more research attention in terrestrial than marine migrants. Taking advantage of the widespread deployment in recent decades of combined light-level geolocator-immersion loggers, we investigated diel organisation and influence of the moon on flight activities during the non-breeding season of 21 migrant seabird species from a wide taxonomic range (6 families, 3 orders). Migrant seabirds regularly stopped (to either feed or rest) during migration, unlike some terrestrial and wetland birds which fly non-stop. We found an overall increase for most seabird species in time in flight and, for several species, also in flight bout duration, during migration compared to when resident at the non-breeding grounds. Additionally, several nocturnal species spent more of the day in flight during migration than at non-breeding areas, and vice versa for diurnal species. Nocturnal time in flight tended to increase during full moon, both during migration and at the non-breeding grounds, depending on species. Our study provides an extensive overview of activity patterns of migrant seabirds, paving the way for further research on the underlying mechanisms and drivers.

Establishing the Foundation for the Global Observing System for Marine Life - Erin V. Satterthwaite; Nicholas J. Bax; Patricia Miloslavich; Lavenia Ratnarajah; Gabrielle Canonico; Daniel Dunn; Samantha E. Simmons; Roxanne J. Carini; Karen Evans; Valerie Allain; Ward Appeltans; Sonia Batten; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination also requires identification of gaps in spatial and ecosystem coverage, and how these gaps correspond to management priorities and information needs. We undertook such an assessment by conducting an audit and gap analysis from global databases and structured surveys of experts. Of 371 survey respondents, 203 active, long-term (>5 years) observing programs systematically sampled marine life. These programs spanned about 7% of the ocean surface area, mostly concentrated in coastal regions of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Seagrasses, mangroves, hard corals, and macroalgae were sampled in 6% of the entire global coastal zone. Two-thirds of all observing programs offered accessible data, but methods and conditions for access were highly variable. Our assessment indicates that the global observing system is largely uncoordinated which results in a failure to deliver critical information required for informed decision-making such as, status and trends, for the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems and provision of ecosystem services. Based on our study, we suggest four key steps that can increase the sustainability, connectivity and spatial coverage of biological Essential Ocean Variables in the global ocean: (1) sustaining existing observing programs and encouraging coordination among these; (2) continuing to strive for data strategies that follow FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable); (3) utilizing existing ocean observing platforms and enhancing support to expand observing along coasts of developing countries, in deep ocean basins, and near the poles; and (4) targeting capacity building efforts. Following these suggestions could help create a coordinated marine biodiversity observing system enabling ecological forecasting and better planning for a sustainable use of ocean resources.

Brazilian essential oils as source for the discovery of new anti-COVID-19 drug: a review guided by in silico study - Tatiane Roquete Amparo; Janaína Brandão Seibert; Benila Maria Silveira; Fernanda Senna Ferreira Costa; Tamires Cunha Almeida; Saulo Fehelberg Pinto Braga; Glenda Nicioli da Silva; Orlando David Henrique dos Santos; Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2021)

Detecting Selection on Segregating Gene Duplicates in a Population - Tristan L. Stark; Rebecca S. Kaufman; Maria A. Maltepes; Peter B. Chi; David A. Liberles (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2021)

Identifying critical transitions in seasonal shifts of zooplankton composition in a confined coastal salt marsh - Xavier D. Quintana; Maria Antón-Pardo; Maria Bas-Silvestre; Dani Boix; Xavier Casamitjana; Jordi Compte; David Cunilllera-Montcusí; Stéphanie Gascón; Anna Menció; Biel Obrador; Irene Tornero; Jordi Sala (Aquatic Sciences, 2021)
Zooplankton assemblages in the confined coastal lagoons of La Pletera salt marshes (Baix Ter wetlands, Girona, Spain) are dominated by two species: one calanoid copepod ( Eurytemora velox ) and the other rotifer ( Brachionus gr. plicatilis ). They alternate as the dominant species (more than 80% of total zooplankton biomass), with the former being dominant in winter and the latter in summer. Shifts between these taxa are sudden, and intermediate situations usually do not last more than 1 month. Although seasonal shifts between zooplankton dominant species appear to be related with temperature, other factors such as trophic state or oxygen concentration may also play an important role. Shifts between species dominances may be driven by thresholds in these environmental variables. However, according to the alternative stable states theory, under conditions of stable dominance a certain resistance to change may exist, causing that gradual changes might have little effect until a tipping point is reached, at which the reverse change becomes much more difficult. We investigated which are the possible factors causing seasonal zooplankton shifts. We used high-frequency temperature and oxygen data provided by sensors installed in situ to analyse if shifts in zooplankton composition are determined by a threshold in these variables or, on the other hand, some gradual change between stable states occur. Moreover, following the postulates of the alternative stable states theory, we looked at possible hysteresis to analyse if these seasonal zooplankton shifts behave as critical transitions between two different equilibriums. We also examined if top-down or bottom-up trophic interactions affect these zooplankton shifts. Our results show that shifts between dominant zooplankton species in La Pletera salt marshes are asymmetric. The shift to a Eurytemora situation is mainly driven by a decrease in temperature, with a threshold close to 19 °C of daily average temperature, while the shift to Brachionus does not. Usually, the decrease in water temperature is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen oscillation with values always close to 100% oxygen saturation. Moreover, oxygen and temperature values before the shift to calanoids are different from those before the reverse shift to Brachionus , suggesting hysteresis and some resistance to change when a critical transition is approaching. Top-down and bottom-up forces appear to have no significant effect on shifts, since zooplankton biomass was not negatively correlated with fish biomass and was not positively related with chlorophyll, in overall data or within shifts.

Active Ecological Restoration of Cold-Water Corals: Techniques, Challenges, Costs and Future Directions - Maria Montseny; Cristina Linares; Marina Carreiro-Silva; Lea-Anne Henry; David Billett; Erik E. Cordes; Christopher J. Smith; Nadia Papadopoulou; Meri Bilan; Fanny Girard; Heidi L. Burdett; Ann Larsson; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Cold-water coral (CWC) habitats dwell on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world’s oceans from 50 to 4000 m depth, providing heterogeneous habitats which support a myriad of associated fauna. These highly diverse ecosystems are threatened by human stressors such as fishing activities, gas and oil exploitation, and climate change. Since their life-history traits such as long lifespan and slow growth rates make CWCs very vulnerable to potential threats, it is a foremost challenge to explore the viability of restoration actions to enhance and speed up their recovery. In contrast to terrestrial and shallow-water marine ecosystems, ecological restoration in deep marine environments has received minimal attention. This review, by means of a systematic literature search, aims to identify CWC restoration challenges, assess the most suitable techniques to restore them, and discuss future perspectives. Outcomes from the few restoration actions performed to date on CWCs, which have lasted between 1 to 4 years, provide evidence of the feasibility of coral transplantation and artificial reef deployments. Scientific efforts should focus on testing novel and creative restoration techniques, especially to scale up to the spatial and temporal scales of impacts. There is still a general lack of knowledge about the biological, ecological and habitat characteristics of CWC species exploration of which would aid the development of effective restoration measures. To ensure the long-term viability and success of any restoration action it is essential to include holistic and long-term monitoring programs, and to ideally combine active restoration with natural spontaneous regeneration (i.e., passive restoration) strategies such as the implementation of deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs). We conclude that a combination of passive and active restoration approaches with involvement of local society would be the best optimal option to achieve and ensure CWC restoration success.

IFIH1 loss-of-function variants contribute to very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease - Mara Cananzi; Elizabeth Wohler; Antonio Marzollo; Davide Colavito; Jing You; Huie Jing; Silvia Bresolin; Paola Gaio; Renan Martin; Claudia Mescoli; Sangeeta Bade; Jennifer E. Posey; et al. (Human Genetics, 2021)

Compensatory epistasis explored by molecular dynamics simulations - Catarina Serrano; Carla S. S. Teixeira; David N. Cooper; João Carneiro; Mónica Lopes-Marques; Peter D. Stenson; António Amorim; Maria J. Prata; Sérgio F. Sousa; Luísa Azevedo (Human Genetics, 2021)

Microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a possible interplay on iron metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment - Rodrigo Alex Arthur; Rafael dos Santos Bezerra; João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez; Bruna Laís Merlin; Raphael de Andrade Morraye; João Valentini Neto; Natália Melo Nasser Fava; David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo; Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi; Maria Jara Montibeller; Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães; Ellen Gomes Alves; et al. (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2021)

Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties - Anna‐Maria Virkkala; Juha Aalto; Brendan M. Rogers; Torbern Tagesson; Claire C. Treat; Susan M. Natali; Jennifer D. Watts; Stefano Potter; Aleksi Lehtonen; Marguerite Mauritz; Edward A. G. Schuur; John Kochendorfer; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink‐source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO 2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO 2 fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990–2015 from 148 terrestrial high‐latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO 2 fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO 2 fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km 2 ) across the high‐latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE‐focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO 2 sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE −46 and −29 g C m −2 yr −1 , respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and −2 g C m −2 yr −1 ). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO 2 budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high‐latitude region was on average an annual CO 2 sink during 1990–2015, although uncertainty remains high.

Arsenic in Latin America: New findings on source, mobilization and mobility in human environments in 20 countries based on decadal research 2010-2020 - Jochen Bundschuh; Maria Aurora Armienta; Nury Morales-Simfors; Mohammad Ayaz Alam; Dina L. López; Valeria Delgado Quezada; Sebastian Dietrich; Jerusa Schneider; Joseline Tapia; Ondra Sracek; Elianna Castillo; Lue-Meru Marco Parra; et al. (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021)

Albumin roles in developing anticancer compounds - Amélia Galdino Ribeiro; Josival Emanuel Ferreira Alves; José Cleberson Santos Soares; Keriolaine Lima dos Santos; Íris Trindade Tenório Jacob; Cindy Juliane da Silva Ferreira; Jéssica Celerino dos Santos; Rafael David Souto de Azevedo; Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida; Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2021)

EurOP2E – the European Open Platform for Prescribing Education, a consensus study among clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers - Michiel J. Bakkum; Milan C. Richir; Paraskevi Papaioannidou; Robert Likic; Emilio J. Sanz; Thierry Christiaens; João N. Costa; Romaldas Mačiulaitis; Lorena Dima; Jamie Coleman; Jelle Tichelaar; Michiel A. van Agtmael; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021)
Purpose Sharing and developing digital educational resources and open educational resources has been proposed as a way to harmonize and improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in European medical schools. Previous research, however, has shown that there are barriers to the adoption and implementation of open educational resources. The aim of this study was to determine perceived opportunities and barriers to the use and creation of open educational resources among European CPT teachers and possible solutions for these barriers. Methods CPT teachers of British and EU medical schools completed an online survey. Opportunities and challenges were identified by thematic analyses and subsequently discussed in an international consensus meeting. Results Data from 99 CPT teachers from 95 medical schools were analysed. Thirty teachers (30.3%) shared or collaboratively produced digital educational resources. All teachers foresaw opportunities in the more active use of open educational resources, including improving the quality of their teaching. The challenges reported were language barriers, local differences, lack of time, technological issues, difficulties with quality management, and copyright restrictions. Practical solutions for these challenges were discussed and include a peer review system, clear indexing, and use of copyright licenses that permit adaptation of resources. Conclusion Key challenges to making greater use of CPT open educational resources are a limited applicability of such resources due to language and local differences and quality concerns. These challenges may be resolved by relatively simple measures, such as allowing adaptation and translation of resources and a peer review system.

Improvement in depressive symptoms after antiretroviral therapy initiation in people with HIV in Rakai, Uganda - Noeline Nakasujja; Alyssa C. Vecchio; Deanna Saylor; Sarah Lofgren; Gertrude Nakigozi; David R. Boulware; Alice Kisakye; James Batte; Richard Mayanja; Aggrey Anok; Steven J. Reynolds; Thomas C. Quinn; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2021)

South American fish species suitable for aquaponics: a review - Sara M. Pinho; Luiz H. David; Fabiana Garcia; Karel J. Keesman; Maria Célia Portella; Simon Goddek (Aquaculture International, 2021)
Tilapia and catfish are the most popular fish species in aquaponics. However, they are not well-accepted in all markets, and finding alternative species is important in order to increase the variety of food products and meet market demands. South America has several potential fish species for aquaponics systems. Encouraging the implementation of integrated aquaculture systems by providing information about the production of South American species can help to increase the supply of high-quality food and aquaculture diversification. Thus, data for five South American fish species with potential for aquaponics were compared with existing data for the main traditional warm water species in this system, tilapia and catfish. Moreover, the degree of suitability of the novel species for these systems in terms of zootechnical performance, tolerance to water quality and nutritional composition of fish flesh were discussed. The South American species considered were jundia or silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ), yellowtail lambari ( Astyanax lacustris ), pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ), tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ) and snook ( Centropomus spp.). Their description and the tabular comparison with the most traditional aquaponic-cultured species show they are suited for this production system. How suitable they are will depend on the system design, as well as the regional characteristics of the market where they will be produced.

Circulating level of Angiopoietin-2 is associated with acute kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Brandon Michael Henry; Maria Helena Santos de Oliveira; Isaac Cheruiyot; Justin L. Benoit; David S. Cooper; Giuseppe Lippi; Timothy D. Le Cras; Stefanie W. Benoit (Angiogenesis, 2021)

Current and future carbon stocks in coastal wetlands within the Great Barrier Reef catchments - Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa; Catherine E. Lovelock; Nathan J. Waltham; Mary Young; Maria F. Adame; Catherine V. Bryant; Don Butler; David Green; Michael A. Rasheed; Cristian Salinas; Oscar Serrano; Paul H. York; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments include some of the world's most intact coastal wetlands comprising diverse mangrove, seagrass and tidal marsh ecosystems. Although these ecosystems are highly efficient at storing carbon in marine sediments, their soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the potential changes resulting from climate impacts, including sea level rise are not well understood. For the first time, we estimated SOC stocks and their drivers within the range of coastal wetlands of GBR catchments using boosted regression trees (i.e. a machine learning approach and ensemble method for modelling the relationship between response and explanatory variables) and identified the potential changes in future stocks due to sea level rise. We found levels of SOC stocks of mangrove and seagrass meadows have different drivers, with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall and solar radiation, showing significant contributions in accounting for variation in SOC stocks in mangroves. In contrast, soil type accounted for most of the variability in seagrass meadows. Total SOC stock in the GBR catchments, including mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes, is approximately 137 Tg C, which represents 9%–13% of Australia's total SOC stock while encompassing only 4%–6% of the total extent of Australian coastal wetlands. In a global context, this could represent 0.5%–1.4% of global SOC stock. Our study suggests that landward migration due to projected sea level rise has the potential to enhance carbon accumulation with total carbon gains between 0.16 and 0.46 Tg C and provides an opportunity for future restoration to enhance blue carbon.

Spatio‐temporal insights into microbiology of the freshwater‐to‐hypersaline, oxic‐hypoxic‐euxinic waters of Ursu Lake - Andreea Baricz; Cecilia Maria Chiriac; Adrian‐Ștefan Andrei; Paul‐Adrian Bulzu; Erika Andrea Levei; Oana Cadar; Karina Paula Battes; Mirela Cîmpean; Marin Șenilă; Adorján Cristea; Vasile Muntean; Mircea Alexe; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Ursu Lake is located in the Middle Miocene salt deposit of Central Romania. It is stratified, and the water column has three distinct water masses: an upper freshwater‐to‐moderately saline stratum (0–3 m), an intermediate stratum exhibiting a steep halocline (3–3.5 m), and a lower hypersaline stratum (4 m and below) that is euxinic (i.e. anoxic and sulphidic). Recent studies have characterized the lake's microbial taxonomy and given rise to intriguing ecological questions. Here, we explore whether the communities are dynamic or stable in relation to taxonomic composition, geochemistry, biophysics, and ecophysiological functions during the annual cycle. We found: (i) seasonally fluctuating, light‐dependent communities in the upper layer (≥0.987–0.990 water‐activity), a stable but phylogenetically diverse population of heterotrophs in the hypersaline stratum (water activities down to 0.762) and a persistent plate of green sulphur bacteria that connects these two (0.958–0.956 water activity) at 3–3.5 to 4 m; (ii) communities that might be involved in carbon‐ and sulphur‐cycling between and within the lake's three main water masses; (iii) uncultured lineages including Acetothermia (OP1), Cloacimonetes (WWE1), Marinimicrobia (SAR406), Omnitrophicaeota (OP3), Parcubacteria (OD1) and other Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria, and SR1 in the hypersaline stratum (likely involved in the anaerobic steps of carbon‐ and sulphur‐cycling); and (iv) that species richness and habitat stability are associated with high redox‐potentials. Ursu Lake has a unique and complex ecology, at the same time exhibiting dynamic fluctuations and stability, and can be used as a modern analogue for ancient euxinic water bodies and comparator system for other stratified hypersaline systems.

A diversity of resistance sources to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi found within grass pea germplasm - Ana Margarida Sampaio; Stefania Vitale; David Turrà; Antonio Di Pietro; Diego Rubiales; Fred van Eeuwijk; Maria Carlota Vaz Patto (Plant and Soil, 2021)

Correction to: Influence of land use and artificial water bodies on the habitat use of Myocastor coypus and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in the Argentine Pampas - Maria Jose Corriale; Maria Eugenia Pedelacq; María Laura Guichón; David Norberto Bilenca (Mammalian Biology, 2021)

Influence of land use and artificial water bodies on the habitat use of Myocastor coypus and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in the Argentine Pampas - Maria Jose Corriale; Maria Eugenia Pedelacq; María Laura Guichón; David Norberto Bilenca (Mammalian Biology, 2021)

Insect attractants and plant biomass as natural food complements in pond culture of stock chub (Squalius cephalus) - Zdeněk Adámek; Zorka Dulić; David Hlaváč; Maria Anton-Pardo (Aquaculture International, 2021)

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps - Maria Kavanaugh; Tom Bell; Dylan Catlett; Megan Cimino; Scott Doney; Willem Klajbor; Monique Messié; Enrique Montes; Frank Muller Karger; Daniel Otis; Jarrod Santora; Isaac Schroeder; et al. (Oceanography, 2021)
Coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to human-caused global warming, rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, sea ice loss, and acidification that in turn alter the productivity and composition of marine biological communities. In addition, regional pressures associated with growing human populations and economies result in changes in infrastructure, land use, and other development; greater extraction of fisheries and other natural resources; alteration of benthic seascapes; increased pollution; and eutrophication. Understanding biodiversity is fundamental to assessing and managing human activities that sustain ecosystem health and services and mitigate humankind’s indiscretions. Remote-sensing observations provide rapid and synoptic data for assessing biophysical interactions at multiple spatial and temporal scales and thus are useful for monitoring biodiversity in critical coastal zones. However, many challenges remain because of complex bio-optical signals, poor signal retrieval, and suboptimal algorithms. Here, we highlight four approaches in remote sensing that complement the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON). MBON observations help quantify plankton functional types, foundation species, and unique species habitat relationships, as well as inform species distribution models. In concert with in situ observations across multiple platforms, these efforts contribute to monitoring biodiversity changes in complex coastal regions by providing oceanographic context, contributing to algorithm and indicator development, and creating linkages between long-term ecological studies, the next generations of satellite sensors, and marine ecosystem management.

Ten years of monitoring recruitment of the edible stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes : linking to oceanographic variability - Joana Nascimento Fernandes; David Jacinto; Nélia Penteado; Alina Sousa; David Mateus; Maria Inês Seabra; Teresa Silva; Paola Castellanos; João José Castro; Teresa Cruz (Limnology and Oceanography, 2021)
Understanding recruitment patterns of an exploited species is essential to predict changes in population dynamics and to improve its management and conservation. Temporal variability in recruitment of the edible stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes was analyzed over a decade (consecutive annual recruitment seasons from 2007 to 2016) at a cape area located in the Canary‐Iberia Current Upwelling System (Cape of Sines, Southwestern Portugal), in terms of (1) the timing and length of the main recruitment season and (2) the variation in monthly and annual recruitment intensity and its relationship with several oceanographic variables. A longer recruitment season was detected, corresponding to approximately 9–10 months (June through either March or April of the following year, as in 2012, 2015, and 2016) in recent years, while a shorter recruitment season was detected between 2007 and 2010 ( −1 ) than in the first 5 yr of the 10‐yr period (ca. 12 recruits adult −1 ). Correlation analyses between monthly recruitment and oceanographic variables revealed a significant positive correlation with sea surface temperature and a negative correlation with upwelling index. Results indicate a trend toward a longer recruitment season and a higher recruitment intensity in recent years (2012–2016), and a clear association between recruitment of P. pollicipes and both relaxation of upwelling and seawater warming.

Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss - Maria F. Adame; Rod M. Connolly; Mischa P. Turschwell; Catherine E. Lovelock; Temilola Fatoyinbo; David Lagomasino; Liza A. Goldberg; Jordan Holdorf; Daniel A. Friess; Sigit D. Sasmito; Jonathan Sanderman; Michael Sievers; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports climate change mitigation. Incorporating mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and their valuation on carbon markets requires predicting how the management of different land‐uses can prevent future greenhouse gas emissions and increase CO 2 sequestration. We integrated comprehensive global datasets for carbon stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, and land‐use change drivers into a predictive model of mangrove carbon emissions. We project emissions and foregone soil carbon sequestration potential under ‘business as usual’ rates of mangrove loss. Emissions from mangrove loss could reach 2391 Tg CO 2 eq by the end of the century, or 3392 Tg CO 2 eq when considering foregone soil carbon sequestration. The highest emissions were predicted in southeast and south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, and the Bay of Bengal) due to conversion to aquaculture or agriculture, followed by the Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) due to clearing and erosion, and the Andaman coast (West Myanmar) and north Brazil due to erosion. Together, these six regions accounted for 90% of the total potential CO 2 eq future emissions. Mangrove loss has been slowing, and global emissions could be more than halved if reduced loss rates remain in the future. Notably, the location of global emission hotspots was consistent with every dataset used to calculate deforestation rates or with alternative assumptions about carbon storage and emissions. Our results indicate the regions in need of policy actions to address emissions arising from mangrove loss and the drivers that could be managed to prevent them.

A New Alternative and Efficient Low-Cost Process for the Removal of Reactive Dyes in Textile Wastewater by Using Soybean Hull as Adsorbent - Enrique David Victor Giordano; Maria Emilia Brassesco; Paola Camiscia; Guillermo Alfredo Picó; Nadia Woitovich Valetti (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021)

Reproducibility and accuracy of microscale thermophoresis in the NanoTemper Monolith: a multi laboratory benchmark study - Blanca López-Méndez; Bruno Baron; Chad A. Brautigam; Thomas A. Jowitt; Stefan H. Knauer; Stephan Uebel; Mark A. Williams; Arthur Sedivy; Olga Abian; Celeste Abreu; Malgorzata Adamczyk; Wojciech Bal; et al. (European Biophysics Journal, 2021)
Microscale thermophoresis (MST), and the closely related Temperature Related Intensity Change (TRIC), are synonyms for a recently developed measurement technique in the field of biophysics to quantify biomolecular interactions, using the (capillary-based) NanoTemper Monolith and (multiwell plate-based) Dianthus instruments. Although this technique has been extensively used within the scientific community due to its low sample consumption, ease of use, and ubiquitous applicability, MST/TRIC has not enjoyed the unambiguous acceptance from biophysicists afforded to other biophysical techniques like isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This might be attributed to several facts, e.g., that various (not fully understood) effects are contributing to the signal, that the technique is licensed to only a single instrument developer, NanoTemper Technology, and that its reliability and reproducibility have never been tested independently and systematically. Thus, a working group of ARBRE-MOBIEU has set up a benchmark study on MST/TRIC to assess this technique as a method to characterize biomolecular interactions. Here we present the results of this study involving 32 scientific groups within Europe and two groups from the US, carrying out experiments on 40 Monolith instruments , employing a standard operation procedure and centrally prepared samples. A protein–small molecule interaction, a newly developed protein–protein interaction system and a pure dye were used as test systems. We characterized the instrument properties and evaluated instrument performance, reproducibility, the effect of different analysis tools, the influence of the experimenter during data analysis, and thus the overall reliability of this method.

Urban adaptation index: assessing cities readiness to deal with climate change - Eduardo Alves Neder; Fabiano de Araújo Moreira; Michele Dalla Fontana; Roger Rodrigues Torres; David Montenegro Lapola; Maria da Penha Costa Vasconcellos; Ana Maria Barbieri Bedran-Martins; Arlindo Philippi Junior; Maria Carmen Lemos; Gabriela Marques Di Giulio (Climatic Change, 2021)

Multidimensional Proteomic Approach of Endothelial Progenitors Demonstrate Expression of KDR Restricted to CD19 Cells - Coralie L. Guerin; Léa Guyonnet; Guillaume Goudot; Dominique Revets; Maria Konstantinou; Anna Chipont; Richard Chocron; Adeline Blandinieres; Lina Khider; Jeanne Rancic; Christophe Peronino; Benjamin Debuc; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2021)

Populations of a widespread hexacoral have trophic plasticity and flexible syntrophic interactions across the Indo-Pacific Ocean - Maria Eduarda Alves Santos; David Michael Baker; Inga Elizabeth Conti-Jerpe; James Davis Reimer (Coral Reefs, 2021)

The ENIGMA sports injury working group:– an international collaboration to further our understanding of sport-related brain injury - Inga K. Koerte; Carrie Esopenko; Sidney R. Hinds; Martha E. Shenton; Elena M. Bonke; Jeffrey J. Bazarian; Kevin C. Bickart; Erin D. Bigler; Sylvain Bouix; Thomas A. Buckley; Meeryo C. Choe; Paul S. Echlin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2021)
Sport-related brain injury is very common, and the potential long-term effects include a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and potentially neurodegeneration. Around the globe, researchers are conducting neuroimaging studies on primarily homogenous samples of athletes. However, neuroimaging studies are expensive and time consuming, and thus current findings from studies of sport-related brain injury are often limited by small sample sizes. Further, current studies apply a variety of neuroimaging techniques and analysis tools which limit comparability among studies. The ENIGMA Sports Injury working group aims to provide a platform for data sharing and collaborative data analysis thereby leveraging existing data and expertise. By harmonizing data from a large number of studies from around the globe, we will work towards reproducibility of previously published findings and towards addressing important research questions with regard to diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of treatment for sport-related brain injury. Moreover, the ENIGMA Sports Injury working group is committed to providing recommendations for future prospective data acquisition to enhance data quality and scientific rigor.

Meeting Paris agreement objectives will temper seabird winter distribution shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean - Manon Clairbaux; William W. L. Cheung; Paul Mathewson; Warren Porter; Nicolas Courbin; Jérôme Fort; Hallvard Strøm; Børge Moe; Per Fauchald; Sebastien Descamps; Hálfdán Helgason; Vegard S. Bråthen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
We explored the implications of reaching the Paris Agreement Objective of limiting global warming to Alle alle , Fratercula arctica , Uria aalge , Uria lomvia and Rissa tridactyla ) using tracking data for ~1500 individuals through resource selection functions based on mechanistic modeling of seabird energy requirements, and a dynamic bioclimate envelope model of seabird prey. Future winter distributions were predicted to shift with climate change, especially when global warming exceed 2°C under a “no mitigation” scenario, modifying seabird wintering hotspots in the North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings suggest that meeting Paris agreement objectives will limit changes in seabird selected habitat location and size in the North Atlantic Ocean during the 21st century. We thereby provide key information for the design of adaptive marine‐protected areas in a changing ocean.

Functionally reversible impacts of disturbances on lake food webs linked to spatial and seasonal dependencies - Pablo Urrutia‐Cordero; Silke Langenheder; Maren Striebel; Peter Eklöv; David G. Angeler; Stefan Bertilsson; Bianka Csitári; Lars‐Anders Hansson; Egle Kelpsiene; Hjalmar Laudon; Maria Lundgren; Omneya Ahmed Osman; et al. (Ecology, 2021)
Increasing human impact on the environment is causing drastic changes in disturbance regimes and how they prevail over time. Of increasing relevance is to further our understanding on biological responses to pulse disturbances (short duration) and how they interact with other ongoing press disturbances (constantly present). Because the temporal and spatial contexts of single experiments often limit our ability to generalize results across space and time, we conducted a modularized mesocosm experiment replicated in space (five lakes along a latitudinal gradient in Scandinavia) and time (two seasons, spring and summer) to generate general predictions on how the functioning and composition of multitrophic plankton communities (zoo‐, phyto‐ and bacterioplankton) respond to pulse disturbances acting either in isolation or combined with press disturbances. As pulse disturbance, we used short‐term changes in fish presence, and as press disturbance, we addressed the ongoing reduction in light availability caused by increased cloudiness and lake browning in many boreal and subarctic lakes. First, our results show that the top‐down pulse disturbance had the strongest effects on both functioning and composition of the three trophic levels across sites and seasons, with signs for interactive impacts with the bottom‐up press disturbance on phytoplankton communities. Second, community composition responses to disturbances were highly divergent between lakes and seasons: temporal accumulated community turnover of the same trophic level either increased (destabilization) or decreased (stabilization) in response to the disturbances compared to control conditions. Third, we found functional recovery from the pulse disturbances to be frequent at the end of most experiments. In a broader context, these results demonstrate that top‐down, pulse disturbances, either alone or with additional constant stress upon primary producers caused by bottom‐up disturbances, can induce profound but often functionally reversible changes across multiple trophic levels, which are strongly linked to spatial and temporal context dependencies. Furthermore, the identified dichotomy of disturbance effects on the turnover in community composition demonstrates the potential of disturbances to either stabilize or destabilize biodiversity patterns over time across a wide range of environmental conditions.

The Essentials of Marine Biotechnology - Ana Rotter; Michéle Barbier; Francesco Bertoni; Atle M. Bones; M. Leonor Cancela; Jens Carlsson; Maria F. Carvalho; Marta Cegłowska; Jerónimo Chirivella-Martorell; Meltem Conk Dalay; Mercedes Cueto; Thanos Dailianis; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of marine (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities for a wide range of initiatives of commercial interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food, feed, agricultural, and related industries. This article synthesizes the essence, opportunities, responsibilities, and challenges encountered in marine biotechnology and outlines the attainment and valorization of directly derived or bio-inspired products from marine organisms. First, the concept of bioeconomy is introduced. Then, the diversity of marine bioresources including an overview of the most prominent marine organisms and their potential for biotechnological uses are described. This is followed by introducing methodologies for exploration of these resources and the main use case scenarios in energy, food and feed, agronomy, bioremediation and climate change, cosmeceuticals, bio-inspired materials, healthcare, and well-being sectors. The key aspects in the fields of legislation and funding are provided, with the emphasis on the importance of communication and stakeholder engagement at all levels of biotechnology development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such as the quadruple helix and Responsible Research and Innovation principle are highlighted as important to follow within the marine biotechnology field. The authors of this review are collaborating under the European Commission-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology and focus the study on the European state of affairs.

Diversity and sexual dimorphism in the head lateral line system in North Sea populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae) - Harald Ahnelt; David Ramler; Maria Ø. Madsen; Lasse F. Jensen; Sonja Windhager (Zoomorphology, 2021)
The mechanosensory lateral line of fishes is a flow sensing system and supports a number of behaviors, e.g. prey detection, schooling or position holding in water currents. Differences in the neuromast pattern of this sensory system reflect adaptation to divergent ecological constraints. The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , is known for its ecological plasticity resulting in three major ecotypes, a marine type, a migrating anadromous type and a resident freshwater type. We provide the first comparative study of the pattern of the head lateral line system of North Sea populations representing these three ecotypes including a brackish spawning population. We found no distinct difference in the pattern of the head lateral line system between the three ecotypes but significant differences in neuromast numbers. The anadromous and the brackish populations had distinctly less neuromasts than their freshwater and marine conspecifics. This difference in neuromast number between marine and anadromous threespine stickleback points to differences in swimming behavior. We also found sexual dimorphism in neuromast number with males having more neuromasts than females in the anadromous, brackish and the freshwater populations. But no such dimorphism occurred in the marine population. Our results suggest that the head lateral line of the three ecotypes is under divergent hydrodynamic constraints. Additionally, sexual dimorphism points to divergent niche partitioning of males and females in the anadromous and freshwater but not in the marine populations. Our findings imply careful sampling as an important prerequisite to discern especially between anadromous and marine threespine sticklebacks.

Swine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in non-technified pig breeding in semi-arid region of Sergipe state, Brazil - Glenda Lídice de O. C. Marinho; David Germano G. Schwarz; Beatriz B. Trigo; Caris M. Nunes; Edenilze T. Romeiro; Edisio O. de Azevedo; José Eduardo M. da Silva; Márcia Paula O. Farias; Juliana F. Oliveira; Maria Aparecida da G. Faustino (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021)

Nosocomial infections associated to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and outcome - Tommaso Bardi; Vicente Pintado; Maria Gomez-Rojo; Rosa Escudero-Sanchez; Amal Azzam Lopez; Yolanda Diez-Remesal; Nilda Martinez Castro; Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa; David Pestaña (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021)

The GenTree Leaf Collection: Inter‐ and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe - Raquel Benavides; Bárbara Carvalho; Cristina C. Bastias; David López‐Quiroga; Antonio Mas; Stephen Cavers; Alan Gray; Audrey Albet; Ricardo Alía; Olivier Ambrosio; Filippos Aravanopoulos; Francisco Auñón; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2021)
Motivation Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU‐Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra‐ and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes. Main types of variable contained We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade‐offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13 C and 15 N in leaves. Spatial location and grain We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe. Time period Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017. Major taxa and level of measurement We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies , Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris , and the broadleaves Betula pendula , Fagus sylvatica , Populus nigra and Quercus petraea . Software format The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed.

Microbial composition of a hydropower cooling water system reveals thermophilic bacteria with a possible role in primary biofilm formation - Mariana de Paula Reis; Rayan Silva de Paula; André Luiz Martins Reis; Clara Carvalho e Souza; Renato Brito de Oliveira Júnior; Jacqueline Alves Ferreira; Helen Regina Mota; Marcela David de Carvalho; Erika Cristina Jorge; Antônio Valadão Cardoso; Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento (Biofouling, 2021)

Comparative mapping and validation of multiple disease resistance QTL for simultaneously controlling common and dwarf bunt in bread wheat - Almuth E. Muellner; Maria Buerstmayr; Bobur Eshonkulov; David Hole; Sebastian Michel; Julia F. Hagenguth; Bernadette Pachler; Ricarda Pernold; Hermann Buerstmayr (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021)
Key message Resistance QTL on chromosomes 1AL and 7AL are effective against common and dwarf bunt, QTL on 1BS affects common bunt and QTL on 7DS affects dwarf bunt in bread wheat. Abstract Common bunt, caused by Tilletia caries and T. laevis , and dwarf bunt, caused by T. controversa , negatively affect grain yield and quality of wheat and are particularly destructive in low-input and organic production systems. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived by crossing the highly and durably resistant cultivars ‘Blizzard’ and ‘Bonneville’ to the susceptible cultivar ‘Rainer’ were evaluated for their resistance to common and dwarf bunt in artificially inoculated field and greenhouse trials over two growing seasons and genotyped with a 15 K SNP array. Bunt resistance QTL were mapped to chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 7AL and 7DS. Common bunt resistance was regulated by the major QTL QBt.ifa-1BS and QBt.ifa-1AL together with the moderate effect QTL QBt.ifa-7AL . Dwarf bunt resistance was on the other hand regulated by the QTL QBt.ifa-1AL , QBt.ifa-7AL and QBt.ifa-7DS. Common bunt resistance QTL exhibited pronounced epistatic effects, while epistatic effects were of smaller magnitude for dwarf bunt QTL. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed from SNPs associated with bunt resistance QTL and successfully used for QTL validation in an independent set of RILs. These KASP markers have the potential to support targeted introgression of QTL into elite wheat germplasm and accelerate breeding for enhanced bunt resistance. Durable protection against both common and dwarf bunt can be achieved by combining multiple resistance genes in the same genetic background.

European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests - Hans Pretzsch; Torben Hilmers; Enno Uhl; Kamil Bielak; Michal Bosela; Miren del Rio; Laura Dobor; David I. Forrester; Thomas A. Nagel; Maciej Pach; Admir Avdagić; Michal Bellan; et al. (European Journal of Forest Research, 2021)
Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far.

Water assessment of the Itapemirim River/Espírito Santo (Brazil): abiotic and toxicogenetic aspects - Iasmini Nicoli Galter; Ian Drumond Duarte; Maressa Malini; Francielen Barroso Aragão; Ian de Oliveira Martins; Lívia Dorch Rocha; Maria Tereza Weitzel Dias Carneiro; Kamila Soares do Espírito Santo; José Augusto de Oliveira David; e Silvia Tamie Matsumoto (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Publisher Correction to: Integrating adverse effect analysis into environmental risk assessment for exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: a three-tiered framework - Débora P. Paula; David A. Andow; Barbara I. P. Barratt; Robert S. Pfannenstiel; Philippa J. Gerard; Jacqui H. Todd; Tania Zaviezo; Maria G. Luna; Claudia V. Cédola; Antoon J. M. Loomans; Andy G. Howe; Michael D. Day; et al. (BioControl, 2021)

Integrating adverse effect analysis into environmental risk assessment for exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: a three-tiered framework - Débora P. Paula; David A. Andow; Barbara I. P. Barratt; Robert S. Pfannenstiel; Philippa J. Gerard; Jacqui H. Todd; Tania Zaviezo; Maria G. Luna; Claudia V. Cédola; Antoon J. M. Loomans; Andy G. Howe; Michael D. Day; et al. (BioControl, 2021)

Integrated production of Nile tilapia juveniles and lettuce using biofloc technology - Sara M. Pinho; Luiz Henrique C. David; Simon Goddek; Maurício G. C. Emerenciano; Maria Célia Portella (Aquaculture International, 2021)

Individual migration strategy fidelity but no habitat specialization in two congeneric seabirds - Benjamin Merkel; Sébastien Descamps; Nigel G. Yoccoz; David Grémillet; Francis Daunt; Kjell E. Erikstad; Aleksey V. Ezhov; Mike P. Harris; Maria Gavrilo; Svein‐Håkon Lorentsen; Tone K. Reiertsen; Harald Steen; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2021)
Aim In migratory species, individuals often use fixed and individual‐specific migration strategies, which we term individual migration strategy fidelity (IMSF). Our goal was to test if guillemots have flexible or fixed individual migration strategies (i.e. IMSF), if this behaviour is consistent across large parts of the genus’ range and if they were philopatric to geographical sites or a habitat feature. Location North Atlantic. Taxon Uria spp. Methods We quantified consistent individual differences in inter‐annual spatial distribution and habitat occupied throughout the non‐breeding period using a large geolocator tracking dataset of 729 adult seabirds breeding at 13 colonies across the Northeast Atlantic and repeatedly tracked up to 7 years over a 9‐year period. Additionally, we used a similarity index to calculate relative fidelity to either geographical sites or habitats and linear mixed‐effects models to assess persistence of spatial site fidelity over multiple years. Results Both guillemot species exhibited IMSF across a large part of the genus’ range which persisted over multiple years. Individuals of both species and almost all colonies showed fidelity to geographical sites and not to specific habitats. Main conclusions Guillemots show IMSF that is best explained by site familiarity (fidelity to specific sites) rather than habitat specialization (fidelity to specific habitats). In the context of rapidly changing environments, favourable habitats may permanently shift locations and hence species displaying IMSF driven by site familiarity—such as the genus Uria —may not be able to adjust their migration strategies sufficiently fast to sustain individual fitness and ensure population persistence.

Spatio-Temporal Assessment of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Recruits in the Northern Iberian Peninsula - Francisco Izquierdo; Iosu Paradinas; Santiago Cerviño; David Conesa; Alexandre Alonso-Fernández; Francisco Velasco; Izaskun Preciado; Antonio Punzón; Fran Saborido-Rey; Maria Grazia Pennino (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The protection of fish nurseries has been recognized as a useful tool to efficiently manage fisheries given that protected areas enhance the recruitment of target species. To identify and locate potential nursery areas, a solid understanding of species-environment relationships and their spatio-temporal dynamics is needed. Within this context, in this study we assess where European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) recruits persistently aggregate in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula. Hake recruit data collected during scientific trawl surveys between 2005 and 2016 were analyzed using Bayesian hurdle hierarchical spatio-temporal models, considering the environmental variables bathymetry, sea bottom temperature and salinity. Additionally, three different spatio-temporal structures (i.e., persistent, progressive, or opportunistic) were compared to assess the temporal persistence of nurseries over time. Among all the environmental variables analyzed, bathymetry was the most important. The preferential habitat of recruits was found to be within a bathymetric range of 120–200 m. Our findings clearly show that there is a temporally persistent main nursery located along the continental shelf of the Artabrian gulf (off La Coruña) in addition to several areas with high aggregations of hake recruits but with strong inter-annual variability. We argue that the analytical framework applied in this study allowed us to identify European hake nurseries in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their spatio-temporal fluctuations throughout the study period (2005–2016), and to assess which environmental factors, among bathymetry, sea bottom temperature and salinity, influence the occurrence and abundance of recruits in the study area. Results of our models also produce a new abundance index that could be useful for improving traditional stock assessment models.

Inhalable Nanoparticles/Microparticles of an AMPK and Nrf2 Activator for Targeted Pulmonary Drug Delivery as Dry Powder Inhalers - Maria F. Acosta; Michael D. Abrahamson; David Encinas-Basurto; Jeffrey R. Fineman; Stephen M. Black; Heidi M. Mansour (The AAPS Journal, 2021)
Metformin is an activator of the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways which are important in the pathology of several complex pulmonary diseases with unmet medical needs. Organic solution advanced spray drying in the absence of water in closed-mode was used to design and develop respirable dry powders. Following comprehensive characterization, the influence of physicochemical properties was correlated with performance as aerosols using inertial impaction and three different human dry powder inhaler (DPI) devices varying in device properties. In vitro cell assays were conducted to test safety in 2D human pulmonary cell lines and in 3D small airway epithelia comprising primary cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI). In addition, in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was carried out. Metformin remained crystalline following advanced spray drying under these conditions. All SD powders consisted of nanoparticles/microparticles in the solid state. In vitro aerosol dispersion performance showed high aerosolization for all SD metformin powders with all DPI devices tested. High emitted dose for all powders with all three DPI devices was measured. Differences in other aerosol performance parameters and the interplay between the properties of different formulations produced at specific pump rates and the three different DPI devices were correlated with spray drying pump rate and device properties. Safety over a wide metformin dose range was also demonstrated in vitro . Aerosol delivery of metformin nanoparticles/microparticles has the potential to be a new “first-in-class” therapeutic for the treatment of a number of pulmonary diseases including pulmonary vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.

On the use of histograms of oriented gradients for tremor detection from sinusoidal and spiral handwritten drawings of people with Parkinson’s disease - João Paulo Folador; Maria Cecilia Souza Santos; Luiza Maire David Luiz; Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza; Marcus Fraga Vieira; Adriano Alves Pereira; Adriano de Oliveira Andrade (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2021)

Multi-parent QTL mapping reveals stable QTL conferring resistance to Gibberella ear rot in maize - Ana L. Galiano-Carneiro; Bettina Kessel; Thomas Presterl; David Sewordor Gaikpa; Maria Belen Kistner; Thomas Miedaner (Euphytica, 2021)
Maize production is on risk by Gibberella ear rot (GER) caused by Fusarium graminearum . This is one of the most important ear rot diseases in temperate zones as it leads to yield losses and production of harmful mycotoxins. We investigated, for the first time, the potential use of Brazilian tropical maize to increase resistance levels to GER in temperate European flint germplasm by analyzing six interconnected biparental populations. We assessed GER symptoms in Brazil and in Europe in up to six environments (= location × year combinations) during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. We conducted multi-parent QTL and biparental QTL mapping, and identified four QTLs with additive gene action, each explaining 5.4 to 21.8% of the total genotypic variance for GER resistance. Among them, QTL q1 was stable across test environments, populations, and between inbred lines and testcrosses. The accuracies of genomic prediction ranged from 0.50 to 0.59 depending on the resistance donor and prediction model. Jointly, our study reveals the potential use of Brazilian resistance sources to increase GER resistance levels by genomics-assisted breeding.

Massive β1-Adrenergic Receptor Reaction Explains Irreversible Acute Arrhythmia in a Fatal Case of Acute Pure Caffeine Intoxication - Aniello Maiese; Raffaele La Russa; Zoe Del Fante; Emanuela Turillazzi; Maria Chiara David; Paola Frati; Vittorio Fineschi (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2021)

A global analysis of complexity–biodiversity relationships on marine artificial structures - Elisabeth M. A. Strain; Peter D. Steinberg; Maria Vozzo; Emma L. Johnston; Marco Abbiati; Moises A. Aguilera; Laura Airoldi; J. David Aguirre; Gail Ashton; Maritina Bernardi; Paul Brooks; Benny K. K. Chan; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2021)
Aim Topographic complexity is widely accepted as a key driver of biodiversity, but at the patch‐scale, complexity–biodiversity relationships may vary spatially and temporally according to the environmental stressors complexity mitigates, and the species richness and identity of potential colonists. Using a manipulative experiment, we assessed spatial variation in patch‐scale effects of complexity on intertidal biodiversity. Location 27 sites within 14 estuaries/bays distributed globally. Time period 2015–2017. Major taxa studied Functional groups of algae, sessile and mobile invertebrates. Methods Concrete tiles of differing complexity (flat; 2.5‐cm or 5‐cm complex) were affixed at low–high intertidal elevation on coastal defence structures, and the richness and abundance of the colonizing taxa were quantified after 12 months. Results The patch‐scale effects of complexity varied spatially and among functional groups. Complexity had neutral to positive effects on total, invertebrate and algal taxa richness, and invertebrate abundances. However, effects on the abundance of algae ranged from positive to negative, depending on location and functional group. The tidal elevation at which tiles were placed accounted for some variation. The total and invertebrate richness were greater at low or mid than at high intertidal elevations. Latitude was also an important source of spatial variation, with the effects of complexity on total richness and mobile mollusc abundance greatest at lower latitudes, whilst the cover of sessile invertebrates and sessile molluscs responded most strongly to complexity at higher latitudes. Conclusions After 12 months, patch‐scale relationships between biodiversity and habitat complexity were not universally positive. Instead, the relationship varied among functional groups and according to local abiotic and biotic conditions. This result challenges the assumption that effects of complexity on biodiversity are universally positive. The variable effect of complexity has ramifications for community and applied ecology, including eco‐engineering and restoration that seek to bolster biodiversity through the addition of complexity.

Perspective: Increasing blue carbon around Antarctica is an ecosystem service of considerable societal and economic value worth protecting - Narissa Bax; Chester J. Sands; Brendan Gogarty; Rachel V. Downey; Camille V. E. Moreau; Bernabé Moreno; Christoph Held; Maria L. Paulsen; Jeffrey McGee; Marcus Haward; David K. A. Barnes (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Precautionary conservation and cooperative global governance are needed to protect Antarctic blue carbon: the world's largest increasing natural form of carbon storage with high sequestration potential. As patterns of ice loss around Antarctica become more uniform, there is an underlying increase in carbon capture‐to‐storage‐to‐sequestration on the seafloor. The amount of carbon captured per unit area is increasing and the area available to blue carbon is also increasing. Carbon sequestration could further increase under moderate (+1°C) ocean warming, contrary to decreasing global blue carbon stocks elsewhere. For example, in warmer waters, mangroves and seagrasses are in decline and benthic organisms are close to their physiological limits, so a 1°C increase in water temperature could push them above their thermal tolerance (e.g. bleaching of coral reefs). In contrast, on the basis of past change and current research, we expect that Antarctic blue carbon could increase by orders of magnitude. The Antarctic seafloor is biophysically unique and the site of carbon sequestration, the benthos, faces less anthropogenic disturbance than any other ocean continental shelf environment. This isolation imparts both vulnerability to change, and an avenue to conserve one of the world's last biodiversity refuges. In economic terms, the value of Antarctic blue carbon is estimated at between £0.65 and £1.76 billion (~2.27 billion USD) for sequestered carbon in the benthos around the continental shelf. To balance biodiversity protection against society's economic objectives, this paper builds on a proposal incentivising protection by building a ‘non‐market framework’ via the 2015 Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This could be connected and coordinated through the Antarctic Treaty System to promote and motivate member states to value Antarctic blue carbon and maintain scientific integrity and conservation for the positive societal values ingrained in the Antarctic Treaty System.

Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies - Laura A. Brannelly; Hamish I. McCallum; Laura F. Grogan; Cheryl J. Briggs; Maria P. Ribas; Matthijs Hollanders; Thais Sasso; Mariel Familiar López; David A. Newell; Auston M. Kilpatrick (Ecology Letters, 2021)
Emerging infectious diseases have caused many species declines, changes in communities and even extinctions. There are also many species that persist following devastating declines due to disease. The broad mechanisms that enable host persistence following declines include evolution of resistance or tolerance, changes in immunity and behaviour, compensatory recruitment, pathogen attenuation, environmental refugia, density‐dependent transmission and changes in community composition. Here we examine the case of chytridiomycosis, the most important wildlife disease of the past century. We review the full breadth of mechanisms allowing host persistence, and synthesise research on host, pathogen, environmental and community factors driving persistence following chytridiomycosis‐related declines and overview the current evidence and the information required to support each mechanism. We found that for most species the mechanisms facilitating persistence have not been identified. We illustrate how the mechanisms that drive long‐term host population dynamics determine the most effective conservation management strategies. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of host persistence is important because many species continue to be threatened by disease, some of which will require intervention. The conceptual framework we describe is broadly applicable to other novel disease systems.

Combined Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Rainfed Almond Tree Performance - Maria C. Morais; Alfredo Aires; David Barreales; M. Ângelo Rodrigues; António C. Ribeiro; Berta Gonçalves; Ana P. Silva (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020)

The role of methane in future climate strategies: mitigation potentials and climate impacts - Mathijs Harmsen; Detlef P. van Vuuren; Benjamin Leon Bodirsky; Jean Chateau; Olivier Durand-Lasserve; Laurent Drouet; Oliver Fricko; Shinichiro Fujimori; David E. H. J. Gernaat; Tatsuya Hanaoka; Jérôme Hilaire; Kimon Keramidas; et al. (Climatic Change, 2020)
This study examines model-specific assumptions and projections of methane (CH 4 ) emissions in deep mitigation scenarios generated by integrated assessment models (IAMs). For this, scenarios of nine models are compared in terms of sectoral and regional CH 4 emission reduction strategies, as well as resulting climate impacts. The models’ projected reduction potentials are compared to sector and technology-specific reduction potentials found in literature. Significant cost-effective and non-climate policy related reductions are projected in the reference case (10–36% compared to a “frozen emission factor” scenario in 2100). Still, compared to 2010, CH 4 emissions are expected to rise steadily by 9–72% (up to 412 to 654 Mt CH 4 /year). Ambitious CO 2 reduction measures could by themselves lead to a reduction of CH 4 emissions due to a reduction of fossil fuels (22–48% compared to the reference case in 2100). However, direct CH 4 mitigation is crucial and more effective in bringing down CH 4 (50–74% compared to the reference case). Given the limited reduction potential, agriculture CH 4 emissions are projected to constitute an increasingly larger share of total anthropogenic CH 4 emissions in mitigation scenarios. Enteric fermentation in ruminants is in that respect by far the largest mitigation bottleneck later in the century with a projected 40–78% of total remaining CH 4 emissions in 2100 in a strong (2 °C) climate policy case.

Validation of real-time PCR technique for detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus in bovine raw milk - Débora R. Mascarenhas; David Germano G. Schwarz; Antônio A. Fonseca Júnior; Tatiana F.P. Oliveira; Maria A.S. Moreira (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020)

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales - Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2020)

Pan‐regional marine benthic cryptobiome biodiversity patterns revealed by metabarcoding Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures - John K. Pearman; Guillem Chust; Eva Aylagas; Ernesto Villarino; James R. Watson; Anne Chenuil; Angel Borja; Abigail E. Cahill; Laura Carugati; Roberto Danovaro; Romain David; Xabier Irigoien; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) have been applied worldwide to characterize the critical yet frequently overlooked biodiversity patterns of marine benthic organisms. In order to disentangle the relevance of environmental factors in benthic patterns, here, through standardized metabarcoding protocols, we analyse sessile and mobile ( Amphibalanus , were also shared between the lower salinity seas (Baltic and Black Seas). We found that compositional differences in spatial patterns of rocky‐shore benthos are determined slightly more by dispersal limitation than environmental filtering. Dispersal limitation was similar between sessile and mobile groups, while the sessile group had a larger environmental niche breadth than the mobile group. Further, our study can provide a foundation for future evaluations of biodiversity patterns in the cryptobiome, which can contribute up to 70% of the local biodiversity.

A Blueprint for an Inclusive, Global Deep-Sea Ocean Decade Field Program - Kerry L. Howell; Ana Hilário; A. Louise Allcock; David M. Bailey; Maria Baker; Malcolm R. Clark; Ana Colaço; Jon Copley; Erik E. Cordes; Roberto Danovaro; Awantha Dissanayake; Elva Escobar; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
The ocean plays a crucial role in the functioning of the Earth System and in the provision of vital goods and services. The United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Roadmap for the Ocean Decade aims to achieve six critical societal outcomes (SOs) by 2030, through the pursuit of four objectives (Os). It specifically recognizes the scarcity of biological data for deep-sea biomes, and challenges the global scientific community to conduct research to advance understanding of deep-sea ecosystems to inform sustainable management. In this paper, we map four key scientific questions identified by the academic community to the Ocean Decade SOs: (i) What is the diversity of life in the deep ocean? (ii) How are populations and habitats connected? (iii) What is the role of living organisms in ecosystem function and service provision? and (iv) How do species, communities, and ecosystems respond to disturbance? We then consider the design of a global-scale program to address these questions by reviewing key drivers of ecological pattern and process. We recommend using the following criteria to stratify a global survey design: biogeographic region, depth, horizontal distance, substrate type, high and low climate hazard, fished/unfished, near/far from sources of pollution, licensed/protected from industry activities. We consider both spatial and temporal surveys, and emphasize new biological data collection that prioritizes southern and polar latitudes, deeper (> 2000 m) depths, and midwater environments. We provide guidance on observational, experimental, and monitoring needs for different benthic and pelagic ecosystems. We then review recent efforts to standardize biological data and specimen collection and archiving, making “sampling design to knowledge application” recommendations in the context of a new global program. We also review and comment on needs, and recommend actions, to develop capacity in deep-sea research; and the role of inclusivity - from accessing indigenous and local knowledge to the sharing of technologies - as part of such a global program. We discuss the concept of a new global deep-sea biological research program ‘ Challenger 150 ,’ highlighting what it could deliver for the Ocean Decade and UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.

Effects of low concentrations of deltamethrin are dependent on developmental stages and sexes in the pest moth Spodoptera littoralis - Aude Malbert-Colas; Thomas Drozdz; Manuel Massot; Thibaut Bagni; Thomas Chertemps; Annick Maria; Martine Maïbèche; David Siaussat (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental and climatic history of a freshwater paramo ecosystem in the northern Andes - Luisa Patiño; Maria Isabel Velez; Marion Weber; César A. Velásquez‐r; Santiago David; Manuela Rueda; Ivonne Castañeda; Diana Arboleda (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2020)
This study presents the first multi‐proxy palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic history for northern South America based on the palaeolimnological reconstruction of a pond located in a dry paramo at 3570 masl. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the study area was under glacial conditions, then during global events Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), Bølling–Allerød (BA), and the Younger Dryas (YD), the pond expanded, accumulation rates and proxies for erosion reached the highest values, indicative of humid conditions, with maxima in humidity during the BA and YD. Dry conditions and pond desiccation occurred in the Greenlandian–Northgrippian and by 6010 cal a bp the area was transformed into the mire of today. Comparisons with records from other sites in South America indicate that changes in humidity are most likely controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone, mainly during the glacial and postglacial, and by changes in the Pacific Ocean, more pronounced after the YD.

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics - Mariana Nagy‐Reis; Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima; Claudia Zukeran Kanda; Francesca Belem Lopes Palmeira; Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo; Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato; Lilian Bonjorne; Marcelo Magioli; Caroline Leuchtenberger; Fabio Rohe; Frederico Gemesio Lemos; Felipe Martello; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics - Clarissa Alves da Rosa; Bruno R. Ribeiro; Vanesa Bejarano; Fernando Henrique Puertas; Adriana Bocchiglieri; Adriana Loeser dos Santos Barbosa; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Adriele Aparecida Pereira; Adryelle Francisca de Souza Moreira; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Aiesca Pellegrin; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus , Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. ( n = 37,782), Sus scrofa ( n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris ( n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., S yncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans ). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set ( n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata , and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.

Mycenolide A, new butenolide from a marine sediment-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. 4054 - Josiane A. Monteiro de Oliveira; David E. Williams; Raymond J. Andersen; Maria H. Sarragiotto; Debora C. Baldoqui (Natural Product Research, 2020)

The Flavonoid Agathisflavone from Poincianella pyramidalis Prevents Aminochrome Neurotoxicity - Cleonice Creusa Santos; Patricia Muñoz; Áurea Maria A. N. Almeida; Juceni Pereira de Lima David; Jorge Mauricio David; Silvia Lima Costa; Juan Segura-Aguilar; Victor Diogenes Amaral Silva (Neurotoxicity Research, 2020)

Agathisflavone modulates astrocytic responses and increases the population of neurons in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury - Vanessa Cristina Meira de Amorim; Markley Silva Oliveira Júnior; Alessandra Bispo da Silva; Jorge M. David; Juceni Pereira Lima David; Maria de Fátima Dias Costa; Arthur Morgan Butt; Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva; Silvia Lima Costa (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2020)

Extracellular matrix gene expression during arm regeneration in Amphiura filiformis - Cinzia Ferrario; Anna Czarkwiani; David Viktor Dylus; Laura Piovani; Maria Daniela Candia Carnevali; Michela Sugni; Paola Oliveri (Cell and Tissue Research, 2020)

Meta‐omics highlights the diversity, activity and adaptations of fungi in deep oceanic crust - Maxence Quemener; Paraskevi Mara; Florence Schubotz; David Beaudoin; Wei Li; Maria Pachiadaki; Taylor R. Sehein; Jason B. Sylvan; Jiangtao Li; Georges Barbier; Virginia Edgcomb; Gaëtan Burgaud (Environmental Microbiology, 2020)
Summary The lithified oceanic crust, lower crust gabbros in particular, has remained largely unexplored by microbiologists. Recently, evidence for heterogeneously distributed viable and transcriptionally active autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial populations within low‐biomass communities was found down to 750 m below the seafloor at the Atlantis Bank Gabbro Massif, Indian Ocean. Here, we report on the diversity, activity and adaptations of fungal communities in the deep oceanic crust from ~10 to 780 mbsf by combining metabarcoding analyses with mid/high‐throughput culturing approaches. Metabarcoding along with culturing indicate a low diversity of viable fungi, mostly affiliated to ubiquitous (terrestrial and aquatic environments) taxa. Ecophysiological analyses coupled with metatranscriptomics point to viable and transcriptionally active fungal populations engaged in cell division, translation, protein modifications and other vital cellular processes. Transcript data suggest possible adaptations for surviving in the nutrient‐poor, lithified deep biosphere that include the recycling of organic matter. These active communities appear strongly influenced by the presence of cracks and veins in the rocks where fluids and resulting rock alteration create micro‐niches.

Full lifetime perspectives on the costs and benefits of lay‐date variation in tree swallows - David W. Winkler; Kelly K. Hallinger; Teresa M. Pegan; Conor C. Taff; Mo A. Verhoeven; David Chang van Oordt; Maria Stager; Jennifer J. Uehling; Maren N. Vitousek; Michael J. Andersen; Daniel R. Ardia; Amos Belmaker; et al. (Ecology, 2020)
Animals must balance various costs and benefits when deciding when to breed. The costs and benefits of breeding at different times have received much attention, but most studies have been limited to investigating short‐term season‐to‐season fitness effects. However, breeding early, versus late, in a season may influence lifetime fitness over many years, trading off in complex ways across the breeder’s lifespan. In this study, we examined the complete life histories of 867 female tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) breeding in Ithaca, New York, between 2002 and 2016. Earlier breeders outperformed later breeders in short‐term measures of reproductive output and offspring quality. Though there were weak indications that females paid long‐term future survival costs for breeding early, lifetime fledgling output was markedly higher overall in early‐breeding birds. Importantly, older females breeding later in the season did not experience compensating life history advantages that suggested an alternative equal‐fitness breeding strategy. Rather, most or all of the swallows appear to be breeding as early as they can, and differences in lay dates appear to be determined primarily by differences in individual quality or condition. Lay date had a significant repeatability across breeding attempts by the same female, and the first lay date of females fledged in our population was strongly influenced by the first lay date of their mothers, indicating the potential for ongoing selection on lay date. By examining performance over the entire lifespan of a large number of individuals, we were able to clarify the relationship between timing of breeding and fitness and gain new insight into the sources of variability in this important life history trait.

Productivity and Profitability of the Sugarcane Production in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil - Fernando Rodrigues de Amorim; Marco Tulio Ospina Patino; Petra Maria Bartmeyer; David Ferreira Lopes Santos (Sugar Tech, 2020)

Significant action of Tridax procumbens L. leaf extract on reducing the TNF-α and COX-2 gene expressions in induced inflammation site in Swiss albino mice - V. M. Berlin Grace; S. Viswanathan; D. David Wilson; S. Jagadish Kumar; K. Sahana; E. F. Maria Arbin; Jini Narayanan (Inflammopharmacology, 2020)

Environmental and biotic variables in carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds: organic vs. conventional management - Maria Anton-Pardo; David Hlaváč; Christian Bauer; Zdeněk Adámek (Aquaculture International, 2020)

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements - Michael J. Noonan; Christen H. Fleming; Marlee A. Tucker; Roland Kays; Autumn‐Lynn Harrison; Margaret C. Crofoot; Briana Abrahms; Susan C. Alberts; Abdullahi H. Ali; Jeanne Altmann; Pamela Castro Antunes; Nina Attias; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2020)
Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area‐based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home‐range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home‐range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross‐validation to quantify bias in empirical home‐range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.

Methane Reduction Potential of Two Pacific Coast Macroalgae During in vitro Ruminant Fermentation - Charles G. Brooke; Breanna M. Roque; Claire Shaw; Negeen Najafi; Maria Gonzalez; Abigail Pfefferlen; Vannesa De Anda; David W. Ginsburg; Maddelyn C. Harden; Sergey V. Nuzhdin; Joan King Salwen; Ermias Kebreab; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Macroalgal meadow habitats support fish and fisheries in diverse tropical seascapes - Christopher J. Fulton; Charlotte Berkström; Shaun K. Wilson; Rene A. Abesamis; Michael Bradley; Carolina Åkerlund; Luke T. Barrett; Abner A. Bucol; Dinorah H. Chacin; Karen M. Chong‐Seng; Darren J. Coker; Martial Depczynski; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2020)
Canopy‐forming macroalgae can construct extensive meadow habitats in tropical seascapes occupied by fishes that span a diversity of taxa, life‐history stages and ecological roles. Our synthesis assessed whether these tropical macroalgal habitats have unique fish assemblages, provide fish nurseries and support local fisheries. We also applied a meta‐analysis of independent surveys across 23 tropical reef locations in 11 countries to examine how macroalgal canopy condition is related to the abundance of macroalgal‐associated fishes. Over 627 fish species were documented in tropical macroalgal meadows, with 218 of these taxa exhibiting higher local abundance within this habitat (cf. nearby coral reef) during at least one life‐history stage. Major overlap (40%–43%) in local fish species richness among macroalgal and seagrass or coral reef habitats suggest macroalgal meadows may provide an important habitat refuge. Moreover, the prominence of juvenile fishes suggests macroalgal meadows facilitate the triphasic life cycle of many fishes occupying diverse tropical seascapes. Correlations between macroalgal canopy structure and juvenile abundance suggests macroalgal habitat condition can influence levels of replenishment in tropical fish populations, including the majority of macroalgal‐associated fishes that are targeted by commercial, subsistence or recreational fisheries. While many macroalgal‐associated fishery species are of minor commercial value, their local importance for food and livelihood security can be substantial (e.g. up to 60% of landings in Kenyan reef fisheries). Given that macroalgal canopy condition can vary substantially with sea temperature, there is a high likelihood that climate change will impact macroalgal‐associated fish and fisheries.

Influences of synoptic situation and teleconnections on fog‐water collection in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, 2003–2012 - David Corell; Maria J. Estrela; Jose A. Valiente; Cesar Azorin‐Molina; Deliang Chen (International Journal of Climatology, 2020)
Fog‐water collection has been widely analysed for its quantification and potential uses; however, there are few studies assessing the synoptic conditions and large‐scale teleconnection patterns that affect its occurrence. Focusing on the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, this work aims to analyse the synoptic patterns, both at surface level and 850 hPa geopotential height, that most likely to favour fog‐water collection, and to quantify the relationship between fog‐water collection and the NAOi (North Atlantic Oscillation index), MOi (Mediterranean Oscillation index) as well as WeMOi (Western Mediterranean Oscillation index) teleconnection patterns. For this purpose, daily fog‐water observations from a dense network of 23 fog‐water collectors located along the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula for 2003–2012 were analysed in relation to synoptic patterns and the three‐teleconnection indices. The major findings are: (a) The most favourable synoptic patterns for fog‐water collection are maritime advections carrying humidity from the Mediterranean basin, and cyclonic circulations, whereas anti‐cyclonic situations generally led to large number of foggy days with low fog‐collection rates. (b) In terms of winds at 850 hPa, the most favourable low‐level flows for fog‐water collection are associated with strong winds (>5.1 m s −1 ) from the Mediterranean. Atlantic winds generally cause a greater number of fog days than Mediterranean winds, with less fog‐water collection rates. (c) WeMOi has the greatest influence on fog‐water collection, mainly during winter and spring months, with statistically significant negative relationships for most of the stations. MOi also shows a great influence, with a large number of statistically significant negative correlations, mainly during the same months as WeMOi. Lastly, NAOi presented the lowest and no significant negative correlations with fog‐water collection.

A New Network for the Advancement of Marine Biotechnology in Europe and Beyond - Ana Rotter; Ariola Bacu; Michèle Barbier; Francesco Bertoni; Atle M. Bones; M. Leonor Cancela; Jens Carlsson; Maria F. Carvalho; Marta Cegłowska; Meltem Conk Dalay; Thanos Dailianis; Irem Deniz; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Genetic mapping of the common and dwarf bunt resistance gene Bt12 descending from the wheat landrace PI119333 - Almuth Elise Muellner; Babur Eshonkulov; Julia Hagenguth; Bernadette Pachler; Sebastian Michel; Maria Buerstmayr; David Hole; Hermann Buerstmayr (Euphytica, 2020)
Common bunt (CB), caused by Tilletia caries and T. foetida , and dwarf bunt (DB), caused by T. controversa , are particularly destructive diseases of wheat grown under organic (low-input) production conditions and negatively affect both grain yield and quality. A total of 16 race specific bunt resistance genes have been proposed to date. Thereof, only Bt9 and Bt10 have been mapped so far. A mapping and two validation populations comprising 176 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated for CB and DB in artificially inoculated field trials. The mapping population was derived from the cross of the Bt12 carrier PI119333 and the susceptible cultivar ‘Rainer’. The population was genotyped with the Illumina 15 K SNP chip and the major QTL QBt.ifa-7DS representing Bt12 was identified on chromosome 7DS, explaining 39% and 14% of the phenotypic variation for CB and DB resistance, respectively. Selected SNP markers were turned into Kompetitive Allele-Specific (KASP) markers and used to validate Bt12 in two independent validation populations. These markers can be used for introgressing Bt12 into regionally adapted elite breeding material.

Characterization of 100 extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in Indonesian cynomolgus macaques - Cecilia G. Shortreed; Roger W. Wiseman; Julie A. Karl; Hailey E. Bussan; David A. Baker; Trent M. Prall; Amelia K. Haj; Gage K. Moreno; Maria Cecilia T. Penedo; David H. O’Connor (Immunogenetics, 2020)

A novel acquisition platform for long-term breathing frequency monitoring based on inertial measurement units - Ambra Cesareo; Emilia Biffi; David Cuesta-Frau; Maria G. D’Angelo; Andrea Aliverti (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2020)

Biological index based on epiphytic diatom assemblages is more restrictive than the physicochemical index in water assessment on an Amazon floodplain, Brazil - Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Lobo; Paulo Sérgio Scalize; Cleber Nunes Kraus; Weliton José da Silva; Jérémie Garnier; David da Motta Marques; Marie-Paule Bonnet; Ina de Souza Nogueira (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Climate‐induced changes in the suitable habitat of cold‐water corals and commercially important deep‐sea fishes in the North Atlantic - Telmo Morato; José‐Manuel González‐Irusta; Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió; Chih‐Lin Wei; Andrew Davies; Andrew K. Sweetman; Gerald H. Taranto; Lindsay Beazley; Ana García‐Alegre; Anthony Grehan; Pascal Laffargue; Francisco Javier Murillo; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
The deep sea plays a critical role in global climate regulation through uptake and storage of heat and carbon dioxide. However, this regulating service causes warming, acidification and deoxygenation of deep waters, leading to decreased food availability at the seafloor. These changes and their projections are likely to affect productivity, biodiversity and distributions of deep‐sea fauna, thereby compromising key ecosystem services. Understanding how climate change can lead to shifts in deep‐sea species distributions is critically important in developing management measures. We used environmental niche modelling along with the best available species occurrence data and environmental parameters to model habitat suitability for key cold‐water coral and commercially important deep‐sea fish species under present‐day (1951–2000) environmental conditions and to project changes under severe, high emissions future (2081–2100) climate projections (RCP8.5 scenario) for the North Atlantic Ocean. Our models projected a decrease of 28%–100% in suitable habitat for cold‐water corals and a shift in suitable habitat for deep‐sea fishes of 2.0°–9.9° towards higher latitudes. The largest reductions in suitable habitat were projected for the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa and the octocoral Paragorgia arborea , with declines of at least 79% and 99% respectively. We projected the expansion of suitable habitat by 2100 only for the fishes Helicolenus dactylopterus and Sebastes mentella (20%–30%), mostly through northern latitudinal range expansion. Our results projected limited climate refugia locations in the North Atlantic by 2100 for scleractinian corals (30%–42% of present‐day suitable habitat), even smaller refugia locations for the octocorals Acanella arbuscula and Acanthogorgia armata (6%–14%), and almost no refugia for P. arborea . Our results emphasize the need to understand how anticipated climate change will affect the distribution of deep‐sea species including commercially important fishes and foundation species, and highlight the importance of identifying and preserving climate refugia for a range of area‐based planning and management tools.

Meta‐analysis of global livestock urine‐derived nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils - Maria López‐Aizpún; Claire A. Horrocks; Alice F. Charteris; Karina A. Marsden; Veronica S. Ciganda; Jess R. Evans; David R. Chadwick; Laura M. Cárdenas (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is an air pollutant of major environmental concern, with agriculture representing 60% of anthropogenic global N 2 O emissions. Much of the N 2 O emissions from livestock production systems result from transformation of N deposited to soil within animal excreta. There exists a substantial body of literature on urine patch N 2 O dynamics, we aimed to identify key controlling factors influencing N 2 O emissions and to aid understanding of knowledge gaps to improve GHG reporting and prioritize future research. We conducted an extensive literature review and random effect meta‐analysis (using REML) of results to identify key relationships between multiple potential independent factors and global N 2 O emissions factors (EFs) from urine patches. Mean air temperature, soil pH and ruminant animal species (sheep or cow) were significant factors influencing the EFs reviewed. However, several factors that are known to influence N 2 O emissions, such as animal diet and urine composition, could not be considered due to the lack of reported data. The review highlighted a widespread tendency for inadequate metadata and uncertainty reporting in the published studies, as well as the limited geographical extent of investigations, which are more often conducted in temperate regions thus far. Therefore, here we give recommendations for factors that are likely to affect the EFs and should be included in all future studies, these include the following: soil pH and texture; experimental set‐up; direct measurement of soil moisture and temperature during the study period; amount and composition of urine applied; animal type and diet; N 2 O emissions with a measure of uncertainty; data from a control with zero‐N application and meteorological data.

Accounting for multiple ecosystem services in a simulation of land‐use decisions: Does it reduce tropical deforestation? - Thomas Knoke; Carola Paul; Anja Rammig; Elizabeth Gosling; Patrick Hildebrandt; Fabian Härtl; Thorsten Peters; Michael Richter; Karl‐Heinz Diertl; Luz Maria Castro; Baltazar Calvas; Santiago Ochoa; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Conversion of tropical forests is among the primary causes of global environmental change. The loss of their important environmental services has prompted calls to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in addition to socio‐economic objectives in decision‐making. To test the effect of accounting for both ES and socio‐economic objectives in land‐use decisions, we develop a new dynamic approach to model deforestation scenarios for tropical mountain forests. We integrate multi‐objective optimization of land allocation with an innovative approach to consider uncertainty spaces for each objective. These uncertainty spaces account for potential variability among decision‐makers, who may have different expectations about the future. When optimizing only socio‐economic objectives, the model continues the past trend in deforestation (1975–2015) in the projected land‐use allocation (2015–2070). Based on indicators for biomass production, carbon storage, climate and water regulation, and soil quality, we show that considering multiple ES in addition to the socio‐economic objectives has heterogeneous effects on land‐use allocation. It saves some natural forest if the natural forest share is below 38%, and can stop deforestation once the natural forest share drops below 10%. For landscapes with high shares of forest (38%–80% in our study), accounting for multiple ES under high uncertainty of their indicators may, however, accelerate deforestation. For such multifunctional landscapes, two main effects prevail: (a) accelerated expansion of diversified non‐natural areas to elevate the levels of the indicators and (b) increased landscape diversification to maintain multiple ES, reducing the proportion of natural forest. Only when accounting for vascular plant species richness as an explicit objective in the optimization, deforestation was consistently reduced. Aiming for multifunctional landscapes may therefore conflict with the aim of reducing deforestation, which we can quantify here for the first time. Our findings are relevant for identifying types of landscapes where this conflict may arise and to better align respective policies.

A climate‐change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Brazil's protected areas - David M. Lapola; José Maria C. da Silva; Diego R. Braga; Larissa Carpigiani; Fernanda Ogawa; Roger R. Torres; Luis C. F. Barbosa; Jean P. H. B. Ometto; Carlos A. Joly (Conservation Biology, 2020)
Brazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human populations. We assessed the vulnerability to climate change of 993 terrestrial and coastal‐marine Brazilian PAs by combining indicators of climatic‐change hazard with indicators of PA resilience (size, native vegetation cover, and probability of climate‐driven vegetation transition). This combination of indicators allows the identification of broad climate‐change adaptation pathways. Seventeen PAs (20,611 km 2 ) were highly vulnerable and located mainly in the Atlantic Forest (7 PAs), Cerrado (6), and the Amazon (4). Two hundred fifty‐eight PAs (756,569 km 2 ), located primarily in Amazonia, had a medium vulnerability. In the Amazon and western Cerrado, the projected severe climatic change and probability of climate‐driven vegetation transition drove vulnerability up, despite the generally good conservation status of PAs. Over 80% of PAs of high or moderate vulnerability are managed by indigenous populations. Hence, besides the potential risks to biodiversity, the traditional knowledge and livelihoods of the people inhabiting these PAs may be threatened. In at least 870 PAs, primarily in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, adaptation could happen with little or no intervention due to low climate‐change hazard, high resilience status, or both. At least 20 PAs in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazonia should be targeted for stronger interventions (e.g., improvement of ecological connectivity), given their low resilience status. Despite being a first attempt to link vulnerability and adaptation in Brazilian PAs, we suggest that some of the PAs identified as highly or moderately vulnerable should be prioritized for testing potential adaptation strategies in the near future.

Structural genome analysis in cultivated potato taxa - Maria Kyriakidou; Sai Reddy Achakkagari; José Héctor Gálvez López; Xinyi Zhu; Chen Yu Tang; Helen H. Tai; Noelle L. Anglin; David Ellis; Martina V. Strömvik (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020)
Key message Twelve potato accessions were selected to represent two principal views on potato taxonomy. The genomes were sequenced and analyzed for structural variation (copy number variation) against three published potato genomes. Abstract The common potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple crop with a highly heterozygous and complex tetraploid genome. The other taxa of cultivated potato contain varying ploidy levels (2 X –5 X ), and structural variations are common in the genomes of these species, likely contributing to the diversification or agronomic traits during domestication. Increased understanding of the genomes and genomic variation will aid in the exploration of novel agronomic traits. Thus, sequencing data from twelve potato landraces, representing the four ploidy levels, were used to identify structural genomic variation compared to the two currently available reference genomes, a double monoploid potato genome and a diploid inbred clone of S. chacoense . The results of a copy number variation analysis showed that in the majority of the genomes, while the number of deletions is greater than the number of duplications, the number of duplicated genes is greater than the number of deleted ones. Specific regions in the twelve potato genomes have a high density of CNV events. Further, the auxin-induced SAUR genes (involved in abiotic stress), disease resistance genes and the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily proteins, among others, had increased copy numbers in these sequenced genomes relative to the references.

Rapid tissue processing using a temperature-controlled collection device to preserve tumor biomarkers - Melissa Lerch; Heidi Kenerson; Abbey Theiss; David Chafin; Maria Westerhoff; Michael Otter; Raymond Yeung; Geoffrey Baird (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2020)
Precision tissue diagnostics rely on high quality input specimens so that assay results are not affected by artifact, but advances in collection and processing of tissue specimens have lagged behind innovations in diagnostic assay development. Therefore, we have designed and evaluated a novel surgical tissue collection device that maintains and monitors sample temperature and motion throughout transport so that the major preanalytical variable of tissue temperature can be controlled and measured. This device, in combination with an improved cold–hot tissue fixation protocol affords optimal biomarker preservation in less overall time, thereby simultaneously improving diagnostic quality and turnaround time. We collected 50 primary and metastatic liver tumors using a novel transport device. Tissue was fixed using a rapid cold–hot fixation protocol and immunohistochemical assays were used to assess the performance of the device, in comparison to control tissue preserved using standard clinical fixation protocol. Two pathologists evaluated the IHC studies in a blinded fashion to determine the immunophenotype of each tumor. The observed IHC staining intensities and the clinical impressions of the immunophenotypes did not differ between tissue collected with the novel device and control tissue, while improvements in processing time were achieved. The novel cold transport device and rapid fixation protocol can be successfully and safely combined and used to monitor specimen conditions, thus preserving the diagnostic utility of specimens and improving the overall turn-around time of the diagnostic process.

Civil disobedience movements such as School Strike for the Climate are raising public awareness of the climate change emergency - Stephen J. Thackeray; Sharon A. Robinson; Pete Smith; Rhea Bruno; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Carl Bernacchi; Maria Byrne; William Cheung; M. Francesca Cotrufo; Phillip Gienapp; Sue Hartley; Ivan Janssens; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)

Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man - Wei Ling Lau; Ane C. F. Nunes; Vitaly Vasilevko; David Floriolli; Long Lertpanit; Javad Savoj; Maria Bangash; Zhihui Yao; Krunal Shah; Sameen Naqvi; Annlia Paganini-Hill; Nosratola D. Vaziri; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2020)

Lumbar spinal cord microglia exhibited increased activation in aging dogs compared with young adult dogs - Christine M. Toedebusch; Virginia B. Garcia; John C. Snyder; Maria R. Jones; David J Schulz; Gayle C. Johnson; Eric Villalón; Joan R. Coates; Michael L. Garcia (GeroScience, 2020)

Oasis wheats of the South of Algeria: landraces, cultural practices and utilization - Sabrina Oumata; Jacques David; Leila Mekliche-Hanifi; Mohamed Kharsi; Maria Zaharieva; Philippe Monneveux (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2020)

Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen - Ana Cláudia Norte; Gabriele Margos; Noémie S. Becker; Jaime Albino Ramos; Maria Sofia Núncio; Volker Fingerle; Pedro Miguel Araújo; Peter Adamík; Haralambos Alivizatos; Emilio Barba; Rafael Barrientos; Laure Cauchard; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Birds are hosts for several zoonotic pathogens. Because of their high mobility, especially of longdistance migrants, birds can disperse these pathogens, affecting their distribution and phylogeography. We focused on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which includes the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, as an example for tick‐borne pathogens, to address the role of birds as propagation hosts of zoonotic agents at a large geographical scale. We collected ticks from passerine birds in 11 European countries. B . burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in Ixodes spp. was 37% and increased with latitude. The fieldfare Turdus pilaris and the blackbird T. merula carried ticks with the highest Borrelia prevalence (92 and 58%, respectively), whereas robin Erithacus rubecula ticks were the least infected (3.8%). Borrelia garinii was the most prevalent genospecies (61%), followed by B. valaisiana (24%), B. afzelii (9%), B. turdi (5%) and B. lusitaniae (0.5%). A novel Borrelia genospecies “ Candidatus Borrelia aligera” was also detected. Multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) analysis of B. garinii isolates together with the global collection of B. garinii genotypes obtained from the Borrelia MLST public database revealed that: (a) there was little overlap among genotypes from different continents, (b) there was no geographical structuring within Europe, and (c) there was no evident association pattern detectable among B. garinii genotypes from ticks feeding on birds, questing ticks or human isolates. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the population structure and evolutionary biology of tick‐borne pathogens are shaped by their host associations and the movement patterns of these hosts.

The last stage in the life history of the European conger eel Conger conger : a transformation before death - Pietro Battaglia; David Smith; Giovanni Ammendolia; Mauro Cavallaro; Teresa Maggio; Pierpaolo Consoli; Maria C. Guerrera; Franco Andaloro; Teresa Romeo (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
The taxonomic, morphological and meristic features of a dark eel caught by commercial trawling off the Gulf of Patti, southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, February 17, 2017, showed it to be a female Conger conger . Histological analysis of gonads demonstrated that the individual was in a post‐spawning phase. X‐ray radiographs showed widespread decalcification of skeleton and teeth loss, confirming a strong mobilisation of somatic energy reserves needed for reproductive development.

Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world’s largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) - Susan M. Tsang; Sigit Wiantoro; Maria Josefa Veluz; Norimasa Sugita; Y‐Lan Nguyen; Nancy B. Simmons; David J. Lohman (Journal of Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Islands provide opportunities for isolation and speciation. Many landmasses in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) are oceanic islands, and founder‐event speciation is expected to be the predominant form of speciation of volant taxa on these islands. We studied the biogeographic history of flying foxes, a group with many endemic species and a predilection for islands, to test this hypothesis and infer the biogeographic origin of the group. Location Australasia, Indo‐Australian Archipelago, Madagascar, Pacific Islands. Taxon Pteropus (Pteropodidae). Methods To infer the biogeographic history of Pteropus , we sequenced up to 6,169 bp of genetic data from 10 markers and reconstructed a multilocus species tree of 34 currently recognized Pteropus species and subspecies with three Acerodon outgroups using BEAST and subsequently estimated ancestral areas using models implemented in BioGeoBEARS . Results Species‐level resolution was occasionally low because of slow rates of molecular evolution and/or recent divergences. Older divergences, however, were more strongly supported and allow the evolutionary history of the group to be inferred. The genus diverged in Wallacea from its common ancestor with Acerodon ; founder‐event speciation out of Wallacea was a common inference. Pteropus species in Micronesia and the western Indian Ocean were also inferred to result from founder‐event speciation. Main conclusions Dispersal between regions of the IAA and the islands found therein fostered diversification of Pteropus throughout the IAA and beyond. Dispersal in Pteropus is far higher than in most other volant taxa studied to date, highlighting the importance of inter‐island movement in the biogeographic history of this large clade of large bats.

Performance enhancement and sample throughput increase of a multiresidue pesticides method in fruits and vegetables using Data-Dependent MS acquisition - David Tonoli; Aline Staub Spörri; Maria Blanco; Philippe Jan; Jean-Paul Larcinese; Patricia Schmidt-Millasson; Didier Ortelli; Patrick Edder (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2020)

Productivity and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum) managed at four regrowth ages in a semiarid region - Flávio Pinto Monção; Marco Aurélio Morais Soares Costa; João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira; Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales; Dijair Barbosa Leal; Marcos Felipe Pereira da Silva; Virgílio Mesquita Gomes; Julieta Maria Alencar Chamone; Dorismar David Alves; Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho; José Eduardo Jardim Murta; Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020)

Quantitative trait loci and differential gene expression analyses reveal the genetic basis for negatively associated β-carotene and starch content in hexaploid sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] - Dorcus C. Gemenet; Guilherme da Silva Pereira; Bert De Boeck; Joshua C. Wood; Marcelo Mollinari; Bode A. Olukolu; Federico Diaz; Veronica Mosquera; Reuben T. Ssali; Maria David; Mercy N. Kitavi; Gabriela Burgos; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020)
Key message β-Carotene content in sweetpotato is associated with the Orange and phytoene synthase genes; due to physical linkage of phytoene synthase with sucrose synthase , β-carotene and starch content are negatively correlated. Abstract In populations depending on sweetpotato for food security, starch is an important source of calories, while β-carotene is an important source of provitamin A. The negative association between the two traits contributes to the low nutritional quality of sweetpotato consumed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a biparental mapping population of 315 F 1 progeny generated from a cross between an orange-fleshed and a non-orange-fleshed sweetpotato variety, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage group (LG) three (LG3) and twelve (LG12) affecting starch, β-carotene, and their correlated traits, dry matter and flesh color. Analysis of parental haplotypes indicated that these two regions acted pleiotropically to reduce starch content and increase β-carotene in genotypes carrying the orange-fleshed parental haplotype at the LG3 locus. Phytoene synthase and sucrose synthase, the rate-limiting and linked genes located within the QTL on LG3 involved in the carotenoid and starch biosynthesis, respectively, were differentially expressed in Beauregard versus Tanzania storage roots. The Orange gene, the molecular switch for chromoplast biogenesis, located within the QTL on LG12 while not differentially expressed was expressed in developing roots of the parental genotypes. We conclude that these two QTL regions act together in a cis and trans manner to inhibit starch biosynthesis in amyloplasts and enhance chromoplast biogenesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and accumulation in orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Understanding the genetic basis of this negative association between starch and β-carotene will inform future sweetpotato breeding strategies targeting sweetpotato for food and nutritional security.

Post-colonial pollution of the Bay of Cartagena, Colombia - Yuliana Serna; Alexander Correa-Metrio; William Francis Kenney; Jason Hillary Curtis; Maria Isabel Velez; Mark Brenner; Natalia Hoyos; Juan Camilo Restrepo; Cecilia Cordero-Oviedo; David Buck; Nancy Suarez; Jaime Escobar (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2020)

Species richness and distribution of the largest plant radiation of Angola: Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) - Raquel Frazão; Silvia Catarino; David Goyder; Iain Darbyshire; M. Filomena Magalhães; Maria M. Romeiras (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020)

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access - Jens Kattge; Gerhard Bönisch; Sandra Díaz; Sandra Lavorel; Iain Colin Prentice; Paul Leadley; Susanne Tautenhahn; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Tuomas Aakala; Mehdi Abedi; Alicia T. R. Acosta; George C. Adamidis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Correction to: Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil - Gabriela Marques Di Giulio; Roger Rodrigues Torres; David M. Lapola; Ana Maria Bedran-Martins; Maria da Penha Vasconcellos; Diego Rafael Braga; Marcos Paulo Fuck; Yohanna Juk; Veruska Nogueira; Ana Carolina Penna; Tiago Jacaúna; Marcelo Fetz; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2019)

Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil - Gabriela Marques Di Giulio; Roger Rodrigues Torres; David M. Lapola; Ana Maria Bedran-Martins; Maria da Penha Vasconcellos; Diego Rafael Braga; Marcos Paulo Fuck; Yohanna Juk; Veruska Nogueira; Ana Carolina Penna; Tiago Jacaúna; Marcelo Fetz; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2019)

Anthropic Valorisation of Vulnerable Areas Affected by Deep-Seated Landslides - Pompei Cocean; Gheorghe-Gavrilă Hognogi; Ana-Maria Pop; Iurie Bejan; Nicoleta David (Geoheritage, 2019)

Trifolium polymorphum: an amphicarpic species with an interesting reproductive biology - Ionara Fátima Conterato; Paula Juliane Barbosa de Oliveira; Diego Bitencourt de David; Júlio Kuhn da Trindade; Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann; Joseila Maldaner; Miguel Dall Agnol; João Rodolfo Guimarães Nunes (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2019)

Heterogeneity in neurocognitive change trajectories among people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda - Leah H. Rubin; Deanna Saylor; Gertrude Nakigozi; Noeline Nakasujja; Kevin Robertson; Alice Kisakye; James Batte; Richard Mayanja; Aggrey Anok; Sarah M. Lofgren; David R. Boulware; Raha Dastgheyb; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2019)

Collaborative Database to Track Mass Mortality Events in the Mediterranean Sea - Joaquim Garrabou; Daniel Gómez-Gras; Jean-Baptiste Ledoux; Cristina Linares; Nathaniel Bensoussan; Paula López-Sendino; Hocein Bazairi; Free Espinosa; Mohamed Ramdani; Samir Grimes; Mouloud Benabdi; Jamila Ben Souissi; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Tropical Coastal Wetlands Ameliorate Nitrogen Export During Floods - Maria Fernanda Adame; Melanie E. Roberts; David P. Hamilton; Christopher E. Ndehedehe; Vanessa Reis; Jing Lu; Matthew Griffiths; Graeme Curwen; Mike Ronan (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Multi-isotope approaches to the Neolithic cemetery-cave of Bom Santo (Lisbon): new data and comparisons with fourth millennium BC populations from central–southern Portugal - António Faustino Carvalho; David Gonçalves; Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla; Maria João Valente (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019)

Corrigendum: A Response to Scientific and Societal Needs for Marine Biological Observations - Nicholas J. Bax; Patricia Miloslavich; Frank Edgar Muller-Karger; Valerie Allain; Ward Appeltans; Sonia Dawn Batten; Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Sanae Chiba; Daniel Paul Costa; J. Emmett Duffy; Daniel C. Dunn; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Recent and Consecutive Records of the Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896): Rapid Westward Expansion and Confirmed Establishment along the Southern Coast of Portugal - Paulo Vasconcelos; André N. Carvalho; David Piló; Fábio Pereira; João Encarnação; Miguel B. Gaspar; Maria Alexandra Teodósio (Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 2019)

New GJA8 variants and phenotypes highlight its critical role in a broad spectrum of eye anomalies - Fabiola Ceroni; Domingo Aguilera-Garcia; Nicolas Chassaing; Dorine Arjanne Bax; Fiona Blanco-Kelly; Patricia Ramos; Maria Tarilonte; Cristina Villaverde; Luciana Rodrigues Jacy da Silva; Maria Juliana Ballesta-Martínez; Maria Jose Sanchez-Soler; Richard James Holt; et al. (Human Genetics, 2019)

Effectiveness of agri‐environmental management on pollinators is moderated more by ecological contrast than by landscape structure or land‐use intensity - Riho Marja; David Kleijn; Teja Tscharntke; Alexandra‐Maria Klein; Thomas Frank; Péter Batáry (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Agri‐environment management (AEM) started in the 1980s in Europe to mitigate biodiversity decline, but the effectiveness of AEM has been questioned. We hypothesize that this is caused by a lack of a large enough ecological contrast between AEM and non‐treated control sites. The effectiveness of AEM may be moderated by landscape structure and land‐use intensity. Here, we examined the influence of local ecological contrast, landscape structure and regional land‐use intensity on AEM effectiveness in a meta‐analysis of 62 European pollinator studies. We found that ecological contrast was most important in determining the effectiveness of AEM, but landscape structure and regional land‐use intensity played also a role. In conclusion, the most successful way to enhance AEM effectiveness for pollinators is to implement measures that result in a large ecological improvement at a local scale, which exhibit a strong contrast to conventional practices in simple landscapes of intensive land‐use regions.

Adequacy of the Ocean Observation System for Quantifying Regional Heat and Freshwater Storage and Change - Matthew D. Palmer; Paul J. Durack; Maria Paz Chidichimo; John A. Church; Sophie Cravatte; Katy Hill; Johnny A. Johannessen; Johannes Karstensen; Tong Lee; David Legler; Matt Mazloff; Eitarou Oka; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Measuring Global Ocean Heat Content to Estimate the Earth Energy Imbalance - Benoit Meyssignac; Tim Boyer; Zhongxiang Zhao; Maria Z. Hakuba; Felix W. Landerer; Detlef Stammer; Armin Köhl; Seiji Kato; Tristan L’Ecuyer; Michael Ablain; John Patrick Abraham; Alejandro Blazquez; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Genetic bases of the nutritional approach to migraine - Maria Laura De Marchis; Fiorella Guadagni; Erica Silvestris; Domenica Lovero; David Della-Morte; Patrizia Ferroni; Piero Barbanti; Raffaele Palmirotta (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2019)

Glutathione-dependent enzyme activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells decrease during the winter season compared with the summer in normal-weight and severely obese adolescents - David Montero; Nestor Vicente-Salar; Maria Herranz; Vicente Micol; Guillaume Walther; Antonia Pérez-Martín; Agnes Vinet; Enrique Roche (Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019)

Cooperative membership and coffee productivity in Rwanda’s specialty coffee sector - David L. Ortega; Aniseh S. Bro; Daniel C. Clay; Maria Claudia Lopez; Espoir Tuyisenge; Ruth Ann Church; Alfred R. Bizoza (Food Security, 2019)

Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective - Günter Blöschl; Marc F.P. Bierkens; Antonio Chambel; Christophe Cudennec; Georgia Destouni; Aldo Fiori; James W. Kirchner; Jeffrey J. McDonnell; Hubert H.G. Savenije; Murugesu Sivapalan; Christine Stumpp; Elena Toth; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2019)

A Response to Scientific and Societal Needs for Marine Biological Observations - Nicholas J. Bax; Patricia Miloslavich; Frank Edgar Muller-Karger; Valerie Allain; Ward Appeltans; Sonia Dawn Batten; Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Sanae Chiba; Daniel Paul Costa; J. Emmett Duffy; Daniel C. Dunn; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Sea-ice properties and nutrient concentration as drivers of the taxonomic and trophic structure of high-Arctic protist and metazoan communities - Hauke Flores; Carmen David; Julia Ehrlich; Kristin Hardge; Doreen Kohlbach; Benjamin A. Lange; Barbara Niehoff; Eva-Maria Nöthig; Ilka Peeken; Katja Metfies (Polar Biology, 2019)

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability - Eleanor Frajka-Williams; Isabelle J. Ansorge; Johanna Baehr; Harry L. Bryden; Maria Paz Chidichimo; Stuart A. Cunningham; Gokhan Danabasoglu; Shenfu Dong; Kathleen A. Donohue; Shane Elipot; Patrick Heimbach; N. Penny Holliday; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Molecular drivers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are sustained in mild-to-late fibrosis progression in a guinea pig model - David Højland Ipsen; Josephine Skat-Rørdam; Maria Malvina Tsamouri; Markus Latta; Jens Lykkesfeldt; Pernille Tveden-Nyborg (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2019)

Using machine learning to examine the relationship between asthma and absenteeism - Maria-Anna Lary; Leslie Allsopp; David J. Lary; David A. Sterling (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Heat stress vulnerability and risk at the (super) local scale in six Brazilian capitals - David M. Lapola; Diego R. Braga; Gabriela M. Di Giulio; Roger R. Torres; Maria P. Vasconcellos (Climatic Change, 2019)

Mineral Waste Containing High Levels of Iron from an Environmental Disaster (Bento Rodrigues, Mariana, Brazil) is Associated with Higher Titers of Enteric Viruses - Gislaine Fongaro; Aline Viancelli; Deyse A. dos Reis; Aníbal F. Santiago; Marta Hernández; Willian Michellon; Maria Célia da Silva Lanna; Helen Treichel; David Rodríguez-Lázaro (Food and Environmental Virology, 2019)

In Vitro Susceptibility to Metronidazole of Tritrichomonas foetus Bovine Isolates from Argentina - María Belén Rivero; Melchor Emilio Luque; Maria Eugenia Abdala; Bruno Elías Luna; David Di Lullo; Ignacio Eduardo Echaide; Pedro Gabriel Carranza; Fernando David Rivero (Acta Parasitologica, 2019)

Riding the wave of genomics to investigate aquatic coliphage diversity and activity - Slawomir Michniewski; Tamsin Redgwell; Aurelija Grigonyte; Branko Rihtman; Maria Aguilo‐Ferretjans; Joseph Christie‐Oleza; Eleanor Jameson; David J. Scanlan; Andrew D. Millard (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Bacteriophages infecting Escherichia coli (coliphages) have been used as a proxy for faecal matter and water quality from a variety of environments. However, the diversity of coliphages that is present in seawater remains largely unknown, with previous studies largely focusing on morphological diversity. Here, we isolated and characterized coliphages from three coastal locations in the United Kingdom and Poland. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of phage isolates facilitated the identification of putative new species within the genera Rb69virus and T5virus and a putative new genus within the subfamily Tunavirinae . Furthermore, genomic and proteomic analysis combined with host range analysis allowed the identification of a putative tail fibre that is likely responsible for the observed differences in host range of phages vB_Eco_mar003J3 and vB_Eco_mar004NP2.

Upstream refugia and dispersal ability may override benthic-community responses to high-Andean streams deforestation - Juan David González-Trujillo; Danielle K. Petsch; Gabriela Córdoba-Ariza; Katterine Rincón-Palau; Jhon Ch. Donato-Rondon; Maria I. Castro-Rebolledo; Sergi Sabater (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2019)

Fluorescence microscope light source stability - Firas Mubaid; Daniel Kaufman; Tse-Luen Wee; Dong-Son Nguyen-Huu; David Young; Maria Anghelopoulou; Claire M. Brown (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2019)

The role of therapy with aminoglycoside in the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients infected with polymyxin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - Maristela P. Freire; Doroti de Oliveira Garcia; Ana Paula Cury; Gabriela R. Francisco; Nathamy F. dos Santos; Fernanda Spadão; Maria Fernanda Campagnari Bueno; Carlos Henrique Camargo; Flavio J. de Paula; Flavia Rossi; Willian C. Nahas; Elias David-Neto; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Identification of mercury species in minerals with different matrices and impurities by thermal desorption technique - David Melero; Belén Lobato; Maria Antonia López-Antón; Maria Rosa Martínez-Tarazona (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Determinants of adoption of sustainable production practices among smallholder coffee producers in Nicaragua - Aniseh S. Bro; Daniel C. Clay; David L. Ortega; Maria C. Lopez (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2019)

Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum C4 (CECT 9567), a potential probiotic strain isolated from kefir - Soumi De Montijo-Prieto; David J. Castro; Jose C. Reina; Maria Jimenez-Valera; Alfonso Ruiz-Bravo (Archives of Microbiology, 2019)

A response to “Personalised medicine and population health: breast and ovarian cancer” - Antonis Antoniou; Hoda Anton-Culver; Alexander Borowsky; Mireille Broeders; Jennifer Brooks; Anna Chiarelli; Jocelyne Chiquette; Jack Cuzick; Suzette Delaloge; Peter Devilee; Michael Dorval; Douglas Easton; et al. (Human Genetics, 2019)

Better estimates of soil carbon from geographical data: a revised global approach - Sandra Duarte-Guardia; Pablo L. Peri; Wulf Amelung; Douglas Sheil; Shawn W. Laffan; Nils Borchard; Michael I. Bird; Wouter Dieleman; David A. Pepper; Brian Zutta; Esteban Jobbagy; Lucas C. R. Silva; et al. (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2019)

Effects of Copper Availability on the Physiology of Marine Heterotrophic Bacteria - Anna M. Posacka; David M. Semeniuk; Maria T. Maldonado (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Adapting Stand‐Alone Renewable Energy Technologies for the Circular Economy through Eco‐Design and Recycling - John Gallagher; Biswajit Basu; Maria Browne; Alan Kenna; Sarah McCormack; Francesco Pilla; David Styles (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019)
Summary Renewable energy (RE) technologies are looked upon favorably to provide for future energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the installation of these technologies requires large quantities of finite material resources. We apply life cycle assessment to 100 years of electricity generation from three stand‐alone RE technologies—solar photovoltaics, run‐of‐river hydro, and wind—to evaluate environmental burden profiles against baseline electricity generation from fossil fuels. We then devised scenarios to incorporate circular economy (CE) improvements targeting hotspots in systems’ life cycle, specifically (1) improved recycling rates for raw materials and (ii) the application of eco‐design. Hydro presented the lowest environmental burdens per kilowatt‐hour of electricity generation compared with other RE technologies, owing to its higher efficiency and longer life spans for main components. Distinct results were observed in the environmental performance of each system based on the consideration of improved recycling rates and eco‐design. CE measures produced similar modest savings in already low GHG emissions burdens for each technology, while eco‐design specifically had the potential to provide significant savings in abiotic resource depletion. Further research to explore the full potential of CE measures for RE technologies will curtail the resource intensity of RE technologies required to mitigate climate change.

Evaluation of an African swine fever (ASF) vaccine strategy incorporating priming with an alphavirus-expressed antigen followed by boosting with attenuated ASF virus - Maria V. Murgia; Mark Mogler; Andrea Certoma; Diane Green; Paul Monaghan; David T. Williams; Raymond R. R. Rowland; Natasha N. Gaudreault (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Dose reduction, oral application, and order of intake to preserve aspirin antiplatelet effects in dipyrone co-medicated chronic artery disease patients - Lisa Dannenberg; Tobias Petzold; Alina Achilles; David Naguib; Saif Zako; Carolin Helten; René M‘Pembele; Philipp Mourikis; Yanina Podsvyadek; Maria Grandoch; Bodo Levkau; Tobias Zeus; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Tall-statured grasses: a useful functional group for invasion science - Susan Canavan; Laura A. Meyerson; Jasmin G. Packer; Petr Pyšek; Noëlie Maurel; Vanessa Lozano; David M. Richardson; Giuseppe Brundu; Kim Canavan; Angela Cicatelli; Jan Čuda; Wayne Dawson; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Investigation of juvenile Angelshark (Squatina squatina) habitat in the Canary Islands to inform protection of this Critically Endangered species. - David Alvarado; Joanna Barker; Eva Meyers; Michael Sealey; Maria Belen Caro (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Effects of hydrodynamic conditions and feeding period on size, growth and cirral behavior of the stalked-barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes - Maria Inês Seabra; Maria Santos; David Jacinto; David Mateus; Joana Fernandes; Ana Pombo; Teresa Silva; João Castro; Teresa Cruz (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change - Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert; Timothy R. Baker; Kyle G. Dexter; Simon L. Lewis; Roel J. W. Brienen; Ted R. Feldpausch; Jon Lloyd; Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza; Luzmila Arroyo; Esteban Álvarez-Dávila; Niro Higuchi; Beatriz S. Marimon; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Reforestation dynamics after land abandonment: a trajectory analysis in Mediterranean mountain landscapes - Marco Malavasi; Maria Laura Carranza; David Moravec; Maurizio Cutini (Regional Environmental Change, 2018)

Surrogate-based parameter inference in debris flow model - Maria Navarro; Olivier P. Le Maître; Ibrahim Hoteit; David L. George; Kyle T. Mandli; Omar M. Knio (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

Evaluating centralized technical assistance as an implementation strategy to improve cancer prevention and control - Sarah Moreland-Russell; Prajakta Adsul; Seif Nasir; Maria E. Fernandez; Timothy J. Walker; Heather M. Brandt; Robin C. Vanderpool; Meagan Pilar; Paula Cuccaro; Wynne E. Norton; Cynthia A. Vinson; David A. Chambers; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Evidence of a rapid colonization of the Atlantic European waters by the non-native weakfish Cynoscion regalis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) - Rafael Bañón; David Barros-García; David Gómez; Maria Berta-Ríos; A. de Carlos (Marine Biodiversity, 2018)

Primary fibroblast co-culture stimulates growth and metabolism in Sdhb-impaired mouse pheochromocytoma MTT cells - Susan Richter; Vanessa D’Antongiovanni; Serena Martinelli; Nicole Bechmann; Maria Riverso; David M. Poitz; Karel Pacak; Graeme Eisenhofer; Massimo Mannelli; Elena Rapizzi (Cell and Tissue Research, 2018)

Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome - Anne D. Bjorkman; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Sarah C. Elmendorf; Signe Normand; Haydn J. D. Thomas; Juha M. Alatalo; Heather Alexander; Alba Anadon‐Rosell; Sandra Angers‐Blondin; Yang Bai; Gaurav Baruah; Mariska te Beest; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database ( www.try-db.org ) to be included in the next version release.

In Vivo Predictive Dissolution and Simulation Workshop Report: Facilitating the Development of Oral Drug Formulation and the Prediction of Oral Bioperformance - Yasuhiro Tsume; Sanjaykumar Patel; Nikoletta Fotaki; Christel Bergstrӧm; Gordon L. Amidon; James G. Brasseur; Deanna M. Mudie; Duxin Sun; Marival Bermejo; Ping Gao; Wei Zhu; David C. Sperry; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2018)

Species distribution modeling: a statistical review with focus in spatio-temporal issues - Joaquín Martínez-Minaya; Michela Cameletti; David Conesa; Maria Grazia Pennino (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2018)

Genetic modifiers of radon-induced lung cancer risk: a genome-wide interaction study in former uranium miners - Albert Rosenberger; Rayjean J. Hung; David C. Christiani; Neil E. Caporaso; Geoffrey Liu; Stig E. Bojesen; Loic Le Marchand; Ch. A. Haiman; Demetrios Albanes; Melinda C. Aldrich; Adonina Tardon; G. Fernández-Tardón; et al. (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2018)

Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 - Jon Robson; Rowan T. Sutton; Alex Archibald; Fenwick Cooper; Matthew Christensen; Lesley J. Gray; N. Penny Holliday; Claire Macintosh; Malcolm McMillan; Ben Moat; Maria Russo; Rachel Tilling; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in the future. To this end, this article characterizes the recent observed changes in the North Atlantic region, especially in the period 2005–2016, across many different aspects of the system including: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric composition; clouds and aerosols; ocean circulation and properties; and the cryosphere. Recent changes include: an increase in the speed of the North Atlantic jet stream in winter; a southward shift in the North Atlantic jet stream in summer, associated with a weakening summer North Atlantic Oscillation; increases in ozone and methane; increases in net absorbed radiation in the mid‐latitude western Atlantic, linked to an increase in the abundance of high level clouds and a reduction in low level clouds; cooling of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, concomitant with increases in the western subtropical gyre, and a decline in the Atlantic Ocean's overturning circulation; a decline in Atlantic sector Arctic sea ice and rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. There are many interactions between these changes, but these interactions are poorly understood. This article concludes by highlighting some of the key outstanding questions.

Aflatoxin B 1 and zearalenone in soybeans: occurrence and distribution in whole and defective kernels - Maria Antonia Calori-Domingues; Paula Municelli Rodrigues Iwahashi; Giancarlo Hercoton Ponce; Eduardo Micotti da Gloria; Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias; David Charles Button; Adriano Costa De Camargo (Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-Surveillance, 2018)

Neurobiological Correlates of Alpha-Tocopherol Antiepileptogenic Effects and MicroRNA Expression Modulation in a Rat Model of Kainate-Induced Seizures - Patrizia Ambrogini; Maria Cristina Albertini; Michele Betti; Claudia Galati; Davide Lattanzi; David Savelli; Michael Di Palma; Stefania Saccomanno; Desirée Bartolini; Pierangelo Torquato; Gabriele Ruffolo; Fabiola Olivieri; et al. (Molecular Neurobiology, 2018)

Genetic diversity, effective population size, and structure among black bear populations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA - Sean M. Murphy; Jared S. Laufenberg; Joseph D. Clark; Maria Davidson; Jerrold L. Belant; David L. Garshelis (Conservation Genetics, 2018)

Identification of powdery mildew resistance QTL in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) - Helen M. Cockerton; Robert J. Vickerstaff; Amanda Karlström; Fiona Wilson; Maria Sobczyk; Joe Q. He; Daniel J. Sargent; Andy J. Passey; Kirsty J. McLeary; Katalin Pakozdi; Nicola Harrison; Maria Lumbreras-Martinez; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018)

The coupled study of metal concentrations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of lichens (Hypogymnia physodes) from the Świętokrzyski National Park—environmental implications - Monika Maria Ciężka; Maciej Górka; Magdalena Modelska; Rafał Tyszka; Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman; Agnieszka Lewińska; Anna Łubek; David Widory (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Biotic interactions in species distribution modelling: 10 questions to guide interpretation and avoid false conclusions - Carsten F. Dormann; Maria Bobrowski; D. Matthias Dehling; David J. Harris; Florian Hartig; Heike Lischke; Marco D. Moretti; Jörn Pagel; Stefan Pinkert; Matthias Schleuning; Susanne I. Schmidt; Christine S. Sheppard; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim Recent studies increasingly use statistical methods to infer biotic interactions from co‐occurrence information at a large spatial scale. However, disentangling biotic interactions from other factors that can affect co‐occurrence patterns at the macroscale is a major challenge. Approach We present a set of questions that analysts and reviewers should ask to avoid erroneously attributing species association patterns to biotic interactions. Our questions relate to the appropriateness of data and models, the causality behind a correlative signal, and the problems associated with static data from dynamic systems. We summarize caveats reported by macroecological studies of biotic interactions and examine whether conclusions on the presence of biotic interactions are supported by the modelling approaches used. Findings Irrespective of the method used, studies that set out to test for biotic interactions find statistical associations in species’ co‐occurrences. Yet, when compared with our list of questions, few purported interpretations of such associations as biotic interactions hold up to scrutiny. This does not dismiss the presence or importance of biotic interactions, but it highlights the risk of too lenient interpretation of the data. Combining model results with information from experiments and functional traits that are relevant for the biotic interaction of interest might strengthen conclusions. Main conclusions Moving from species‐ to community‐level models, including biotic interactions among species, is of great importance for process‐based understanding and forecasting ecological responses. We hope that our questions will help to improve these models and facilitate the interpretation of their results. In essence, we conclude that ecologists have to recognize that a species association pattern in joint species distribution models will be driven not only by real biotic interactions, but also by shared habitat preferences, common migration history, phylogenetic history and shared response to missing environmental drivers, which specifically need to be discussed and, if possible, integrated into models.

Ultradeep single-molecule real-time sequencing of HIV envelope reveals complete compartmentalization of highly macrophage-tropic R5 proviral variants in brain and CXCR4-using variants in immune and peripheral tissues - Robin L. Brese; Maria Paz Gonzalez-Perez; Matthew Koch; Olivia O’Connell; Katherine Luzuriaga; Mohan Somasundaran; Paul R. Clapham; James Jarad Dollar; David J Nolan; Rebecca Rose; Susanna L. Lamers (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2018)

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska; Kari Alitalo; Elizabeth Allen; Andrey Anisimov; Alfred C. Aplin; Robert Auerbach; Hellmut G. Augustin; David O. Bates; Judy R. van Beijnum; R. Hugh F. Bender; Gabriele Bergers; Andreas Bikfalvi; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2018)

A Collaborative European Approach to Accelerating Translational Marine Science - Philip Brennecke; Maria I. Ferrante; Ian A. Johnston; David Smith (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2018)
Marine environments account for over 90% of the biosphere and hold tremendous potential for biotechnological applications and drug discovery. To fully exploit this potential and develop interesting discoveries into useful molecular tools and successful products, a multidisciplinary approach is indispensable. Here, we introduce the European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure Cluster (EMBRIC), a novel collaborative initiative that aims to facilitate translational marine science and remove existing bottlenecks that are currently impeding blue innovation. In the context of this initiative, pilot projects have been designed to test the functionality of the cluster focusing on two specific sectors of marine biotechnology: (i) the discovery and exploitation of marine natural products and (ii) the marker-assisted selection of desirable traits in aquaculture. EMBRIC brings together the expertise of six European Research Infrastructures on accessing the potential of marine organisms, specifically on the 99% of bacteria yet to be grown in culture, the microalgae, finfish, and shellfish. It improves the throughput and efficiency of workflows for discovery of novel marine products and facilitates projects that require an interdisciplinary approach. The objective is to develop coherent chains of high quality services for access to biological, analytical, and data resources by deploying common underpinning technologies and practices. The connection of academic science with industry is being strengthened by engaging companies, as well as geographically separated public and private-sector communities in the domain of marine biotechnology, and by federating technology transfer services amongst the players involved.

Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis - Maria Teresa Rosanova; David Bes; Pedro Serrano Aguilar; Norma Sberna; Roberto Lede (Infectious Diseases, 2018)

Evaluation of the Effective Inactivation of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses From Swine Effluent and Sludge at Tropical Temperatures - Gislaine Fongaro; Airton Kunz; Maria Elisa Magri; Aline Viancelli; Camila Daminelli Schissi; Maria Célia da Silva Lanna; Marta Hernández; David Rodríguez-Lázaro; María Cruz García-González; Célia Regina Monte Barardi (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2018)

Geostatistical Interplay Between Geophysical and Geochemical Data: Mapping Litho-Structural Assemblages of Mesozoic Igneous Activities in the Parnaíba Basin (NE Brazil) - David L. de Castro; Diógenes C. Oliveira; Maria Helena B. M. Hollanda (Surveys in Geophysics, 2018)

Patient and provider perspectives on the development of personalized medicine: a mixed-methods approach - Lauren Puryear; Natalie Downs; Andrea Nevedal; Eleanor T. Lewis; Kelly E. Ormond; Maria Bregendahl; Carlos J. Suarez; Sean P. David; Steven Charlap; Isabella Chu; Steven M. Asch; Neda Pakdaman; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2018)

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Faye Moyes; Amanda E. Bates; Anne E. Magurran; Dušan Adam; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Ward Appeltans; José Manuel Arcos; Haley Arnold; Narayanan Ayyappan; Gal Badihi; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km 2 (158 cm 2 ) to 100 km 2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm 2 ). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.

Front Cover - James A. Lutz; Tucker J. Furniss; Daniel J. Johnson; Stuart J. Davies; David Allen; Alfonso Alonso; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Ana Andrade; Jennifer Baltzer; Kendall M. L. Becker; Erika M. Blomdahl; Norman A. Bourg; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)

Global importance of large‐diameter trees - James A. Lutz; Tucker J. Furniss; Daniel J. Johnson; Stuart J. Davies; David Allen; Alfonso Alonso; Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Ana Andrade; Jennifer Baltzer; Kendall M. L. Becker; Erika M. Blomdahl; Norman A. Bourg; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim To examine the contribution of large‐diameter trees to biomass, stand structure, and species richness across forest biomes. Location Global. Time period Early 21st century. Major taxa studied Woody plants. Methods We examined the contribution of large trees to forest density, richness and biomass using a global network of 48 large (from 2 to 60 ha) forest plots representing 5,601,473 stems across 9,298 species and 210 plant families. This contribution was assessed using three metrics: the largest 1% of trees ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH), all trees ≥ 60 cm DBH, and those rank‐ordered largest trees that cumulatively comprise 50% of forest biomass. Results Averaged across these 48 forest plots, the largest 1% of trees ≥ 1 cm DBH comprised 50% of aboveground live biomass, with hectare‐scale standard deviation of 26%. Trees ≥ 60 cm DBH comprised 41% of aboveground live tree biomass. The size of the largest trees correlated with total forest biomass ( r 2 = .62, p r 2 = .45, p r 2 = .33, p r 2 = .17, p = .002). The concentration of biomass in the largest 1% of trees declined with increasing absolute latitude ( r 2 = .46, p r 2 = .31, p r 2 = .26, p Main conclusions Because large‐diameter trees constitute roughly half of the mature forest biomass worldwide, their dynamics and sensitivities to environmental change represent potentially large controls on global forest carbon cycling. We recommend managing forests for conservation of existing large‐diameter trees or those that can soon reach large diameters as a simple way to conserve and potentially enhance ecosystem services.

Advancing Marine Biological Observations and Data Requirements of the Complementary Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) Frameworks - Frank E. Muller-Karger; Patricia Miloslavich; Nicholas J. Bax; Samantha Simmons; Mark J. Costello; Isabel Sousa Pinto; Gabrielle Canonico; Woody Turner; Michael Gill; Enrique Montes; Benjamin D. Best; Jay Pearlman; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of GSK3008348, a novel integrin αvβ6 inhibitor, in healthy participants - Charlotte H. Maden; David Fairman; Michelle Chalker; Maria J. Costa; William A. Fahy; Nadia Garman; Pauline T. Lukey; Tim Mant; Simon Parry; Juliet K. Simpson; Robert J. Slack; Stuart Kendrick; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Flux model to estimate the transport of mercury species in a contaminated lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) - Teodor Stoichev; Emmanuel Tessier; Cristina Marisa R. Almeida; Maria Clara P. Basto; Vitor M. Vasconcelos; David Amouroux (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

ForC: a global database of forest carbon stocks and fluxes - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira; Maria M. H. Wang; Jennifer C. McGarvey; Valentine Herrmann; Alan J. Tepley; Ben Bond‐Lamberty; David S. LeBauer (Ecology, 2018)
Forests play an influential role in the global carbon (C) cycle, storing roughly half of terrestrial C and annually exchanging with the atmosphere more than five times the carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) emitted by anthropogenic activities. Yet, scaling up from field‐based measurements of forest C stocks and fluxes to understand global scale C cycling and its climate sensitivity remains an important challenge. Tens of thousands of forest C measurements have been made, but these data have yet to be integrated into a single database that makes them accessible for integrated analyses. Here we present an open‐access global Forest Carbon database (ForC) containing previously published records of field‐based measurements of ecosystem‐level C stocks and annual fluxes, along with disturbance history and methodological information. ForC expands upon the previously published tropical portion of this database, TropForC ( https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t516f ), now including 17,367 records (previously 3,568) representing 2,731 plots (previously 845) in 826 geographically distinct areas. The database covers all forested biogeographic and climate zones, represents forest stands of all ages, and currently includes data collected between 1934 and 2015. We expect that ForC will prove useful for macroecological analyses of forest C cycling, for evaluation of model predictions or remote sensing products, for quantifying the contribution of forests to the global C cycle, and for supporting international efforts to inventory forest carbon and greenhouse gas exchange. A dynamic version of ForC is maintained at on GitHub ( https://GitHub.com/forc-db ) , and we encourage the research community to collaborate in updating, correcting, expanding, and utilizing this database. ForC is an open access database, and we encourage use of the data for scientific research and education purposes. Data may not be used for commercial purposes without written permission of the database PI . Any publications using ForC data should cite this publication and Anderson‐Teixeira et al. (2016a) (see Metadata S1 ). No other copyright or cost restrictions are associated with the use of this data set.

Brain Networks are Independently Modulated by Donepezil, Sleep, and Sleep Deprivation - Jonathan Wirsich; Marc Rey; Maxime Guye; Christian Bénar; Laura Lanteaume; Ben Ridley; Sylviane Confort-Gouny; Catherine Cassé-Perrot; Elisabeth Soulier; Patrick Viout; Franck Rouby; Marie-Noëlle Lefebvre; et al. (Brain Topography, 2018)

Induction of hemangiosarcoma in mice after chronic treatment with S1P-modulator siponimod and its lack of relevance to rat and human - Francois Pognan; J. Andreas Mahl; Maria Papoutsi; David Ledieu; Marc Raccuglia; Diethilde Theil; Sarah B. Voytek; Patrick J. Devine; Katie Kubek-Luck; Natalie Claudio; Andre Cordier; Annabelle Heier; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2018)