Consequences of an ecosystem state shift for nitrogen cycling in a desert stream - Miquel Ribot; Nancy B. Grimm; Lindsey D. Pollard; Daniel von Schiller; Amalia M. Handler; Eugènia Martí (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Cessation of cattle grazing has resulted in the reestablishment of wetlands in some streams of the U.S. Southwest. Decades of cattle grazing prevented vascular plant growth in Sycamore Creek (Arizona, U.S.A.), resulting in stream reaches dominated by diatoms and filamentous green algae. Establishment of vascular plants can profoundly modify ecosystem processes; yet, the effects on nitrogen (N) cycling remain unexplored. We examined the consequences of this ecosystem state shift on N cycling in this N‐limited desert stream. We compared results from whole‐reach ammonium‐N stable isotope ( 15 NH 4 + ) tracer additions conducted before (pre‐wetland state) and 13 yr after (wetland state) free‐range cattle removal from the watershed. Water column estimations showed that in‐stream N uptake and storage were higher in the pre‐wetland than in the wetland state. N turnover was also higher in the pre‐wetland state, indicating that assimilated N was retained for shorter time in stream biomass. In addition, N uptake was mostly driven by assimilatory uptake regardless of the ecosystem state considered. Water column trends were mechanistically explained by the fact that the dominant primary uptake compartments in the pre‐wetland state (i.e., algae and diatoms) had higher assimilatory uptake and turnover rates than those in the wetland state (i.e., vascular plants). Overall, results show that the shift in the composition and dominance of primary producers induced by the cessation of cattle grazing within the stream‐riparian corridor changes in‐stream N processing from a dominance of intense and fast N recycling to a prevalence of N retention in biomass of primary producers.

Regional variation in multiple paternity in the brown smooth‐hound shark Mustelus henlei from the northeastern Pacific - J. Juan Rendón‐Herrera; Juan Carlos Pérez‐Jiménez; Nancy C. Saavedra‐Sotelo (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
Multiple paternity (MP) in the brown smooth‐hound shark ( Mustelus henlei ) was assessed in 15 litters (15 mothers and 97 embryos) collected in the northern Gulf of California of which 86.7% were sired by more than one male ( i.e ., from 2 to 4 sires). When taken together with results from previous studies, this record indicates that there is regional variation in MP in M. henlei in the northeastern Pacific. This pattern is associated with variations in the reproductive traits of each population ( e.g ., female size and litter size). In the Gulf of California, the results of a generalized linear model (GLZ) indicated that the litters of larger females had a higher probability of MP compared to those of smaller females.

The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database ( NAFMFD ): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States and Mexico - Emily M. Dean; Arthur R. Cooper; Lizhu Wang; Wesley Daniel; Solomon David; Clayton Ernzen; Keith B. Gido; Edward Hale; Tim J. Haxton; William Kelso; Nancy Leonard; Chris Lido; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Migratory freshwater fishes are those that must access discrete habitats to complete their life cycles. Freshwater fish migrations occur around the world and provide numerous ecosystem services for humans and natural systems; however, many migratory species are in decline globally. A limiting factor to successfully conserve freshwater migratory fishes is that the migratory life histories of many species are unknown or only partially described. To provide researchers with critical and comprehensive information to conserve migratory fishes, we developed the North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD). Location Canada, Mexico and the United States. Taxon Freshwater fish. Methods To develop this database, we assigned migratory status, pattern and behaviour to a comprehensive list of freshwater fish species found throughout North America. We assembled the database which included assignments (i.e. migratory status, pattern and behaviour) as well as the sources used to make the assignments. Researchers and managers from across North America reviewed the database for completeness and accuracy on the migratory life histories of fishes. Results The database synthesizes current knowledge of migratory status, pattern and behaviour of native and non‐native freshwater fishes throughout North America, including 1250 species representing 79 families and 325 genera. Results showcase the diversity of migratory life histories of freshwater fishes on the continent, including that at least 25% of North American freshwater fishes are migratory, 23% are non‐migratory and 44% have undetermined migratory status. Main conclusions NAFMFD improves the quality of migratory data accessible to researchers, which supports a more holistic understanding of the threats encountered by migratory fishes, including habitat fragmentation. The approach we used in developing NAFMFD can provide guidance for developing similar databases in other regions. Collectively, our work offers new insights into the range of freshwater fish migratory life histories, stimulating a need to better understand this diversity globally.

Does ramadan fasting affect the therapeutic and clinical outcomes of warfarin? a systematic review and meta-analysis - Eslam Mohammed Rabea; Kirellos Said Abbas; Dina M. Awad; Nancy H. Elgoweini; Amro Ahmed El-Sakka; Nada H. Mahmoud; Basel Abdelazeem (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022)

Tolerant and intolerant macaques differ in the context specificity of their calls and how they ‘comment’ on the interactions of others - Nancy Rebout; Arianna De Marco; Andrea Sanna; Jérôme Micheletta; Jean-Christophe Lone; Reinier F. van den Berg; Elisabeth H. M. Sterck; Jan A. M. Langermans; Bernard Thierry; Alban Lemasson (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2022)

Habitat‐linked genetic variation supports microgeographic adaptive divergence in an island‐endemic bird species - Rebecca G. Cheek; Brenna R. Forester; Patricia E. Salerno; Daryl R. Trumbo; Kathryn M. Langin; Nancy Chen; T. Scott Sillett; Scott A. Morrison; Cameron K. Ghalambor; W. Chris Funk (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
We investigated the potential mechanisms driving habitat‐linked genetic divergence within a bird species endemic to a single 250‐km 2 island. The island scrub‐jay ( Aphelocoma insularis ) exhibits microgeographic divergence in bill morphology across pine–oak ecotones on Santa Cruz Island, California (USA), similar to adaptive differences described in mainland congeners over much larger geographic scales. To test whether individuals exhibit genetic differentiation related to habitat type and divergence in bill length, we genotyped over 3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 123 adult island scrub‐jay males from across Santa Cruz Island using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Neutral landscape genomic analyses revealed that genome‐wide genetic differentiation was primarily related to geographic distance and differences in habitat composition. We also found 168 putatively adaptive loci associated with habitat type using multivariate redundancy analysis while controlling for spatial effects. Finally, two genome‐wide association analyses revealed a polygenic basis to variation in bill length with multiple loci detected in or near genes known to affect bill morphology in other birds. Our findings support the hypothesis that divergent selection at microgeographic scales can cause adaptive divergence in the presence of ongoing gene flow.

Properties prediction of environmentally friendly ultra-high-performance concrete using artificial neural networks - Joaquín Abellán García; Jaime Fernández Gómez; Nancy Torres Castellanos (European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022)

COI Metabarcoding of Zooplankton Species Diversity for Time-Series Monitoring of the NW Atlantic Continental Shelf - Ann Bucklin; Paola G. Batta-Lona; Jennifer M. Questel; Peter H. Wiebe; David E. Richardson; Nancy J. Copley; Todd D. O’Brien (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Marine zooplankton are rapid-responders and useful indicators of environmental variability and climate change impacts on pelagic ecosystems on time scales ranging from seasons to years to decades. The systematic complexity and taxonomic diversity of the zooplankton assemblage has presented significant challenges for routine morphological (microscopic) identification of species in samples collected during ecosystem monitoring and fisheries management surveys. Metabarcoding using the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene region has shown promise for detecting and identifying species of some – but not all – taxonomic groups in samples of marine zooplankton. This study examined species diversity of zooplankton on the Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf using 27 samples collected in 2002-2012 from the Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, and Mid-Atlantic Bight during Ecosystem Monitoring (EcoMon) Surveys by the NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center. COI metabarcodes were identified using the MetaZooGene Barcode Atlas and Database ( https://metazoogene.org/MZGdb ) specific to the North Atlantic Ocean. A total of 181 species across 23 taxonomic groups were detected, including a number of sibling and cryptic species that were not discriminated by morphological taxonomic analysis of EcoMon samples. In all, 67 species of 15 taxonomic groups had ≥ 50 COI sequences; 23 species had >1,000 COI sequences. Comparative analysis of molecular and morphological data showed significant correlations between COI sequence numbers and microscopic counts for 5 of 6 taxonomic groups and for 5 of 7 species with >1,000 COI sequences for which both types of data were available. Multivariate statistical analysis showed clustering of samples within each region based on both COI sequence numbers and EcoMon counts, although differences among the three regions were not statistically significant. The results demonstrate the power and potential of COI metabarcoding for identification of species of metazoan zooplankton in the context of ecosystem monitoring.

Douglas-fir Tree Mortality Caused by the Douglas-fir Beetle in Thinned and Unthinned Stands in Montana, USA - Nancy Sturdevant; Laurel Haavik; José F Negrón (Forest Science, 2022)
Bark beetles are casual agents of tree mortality, often affecting landscapes with diverse topography. The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (DFB) uses Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), as its primary host. Populations often increase following disturbances such as defoliation, fires, or blowdowns and then transition into live healthy trees. Mitigating tree mortality where high mortality levels are incompatible with land manager objectives is of relevance. In this study, we compared mortality levels in eighteen thinned and twelve unthinned pure Douglas-fir stands in the Helena National Forest in Montana. Managed stands were thinned during the summers of 2014 and 2015 and tree mortality evaluated in 2017 and 2018. Douglas-fir beetle populations were at endemic levels in the study area, as represented by low observed tree mortality. Even under endemic populations, 3.6% of Douglas-firs > 12 in diameter at breast height (dbh) were killed in unthinned stands compared to 1.6% in thinned stands. Basal area of trees killed in unthinned stands was 5.4 (± 2.4) ft2/ac compared with 0.5 (± 0.3) ft2/ac in thinned stands. Although insect pressure was low, this study indicates that vegetation management could be a tool to mitigate DFB-caused tree mortality. Additional studies conducted under higher insect populations are needed. Study Implications: Douglas-fir beetle (DFB) can cause extensive mortality of Douglas-fir, particularly in dense stands of large-diameter trees with a high percentage of hosts. Vegetation management through silvicultural thinnings has been proposed as a long-term strategy to mitigate tree mortality from bark beetles. In this study, we compared tree mortality caused by DFB in thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stands. Douglas-fir beetle populations were at low levels post-thinning and mortality levels were limited. Regardless, we observed increased mortality in denser, unthinned stands compared with thinned stands with lower tree density, suggesting that stand density reductions may mitigate DFB-caused tree mortality.

Operationalising emission and toxicity modelling of pesticides in LCA: the OLCA-Pest project contribution - Thomas Nemecek; Assumpció Antón; Claudine Basset-Mens; Céline Gentil-Sergent; Christel Renaud-Gentié; Carlos Melero; Pierre Naviaux; Nancy Peña; Philippe Roux; Peter Fantke (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2022)
Purpose Current field emission modelling and toxicity characterisation of pesticides suffer from several shortcomings like mismatches between LCI databases and LCIA methods, missing characterisation factors, missing environmental compartments, and environmental impact pathways. The OLCA-Pest project was implemented to address these aspects and to operationalise the assessment of pesticides in LCA. Based on this effort, we propose an approach to integrate pesticide emissions into LCI databases. Methods The PestLCI Consensus Model has been developed in order to estimate emission fractions to different environmental compartments. The initial distribution fractions should be linked to the compartments air, agricultural soil, natural soil, and freshwater. Emissions to off-field surfaces are hereby distributed between agricultural soil, natural soil, and freshwater by using surface cover data. Deposition on the crop surface should be recorded in an emission compartment crop with 13 sub-compartments for crop archetypes for both food and non-food uses. Default emission fractions are provided to calculate the emission fractions for different pesticide application scenarios. Results and discussion A sensitivity analysis shows the effects of the application technique, drift reduction, crop and development stage, field width, and buffer zone on the initial distribution fractions of field-applied pesticides. Recommendations are given for the implementation of a set of default initial distribution fractions into LCI databases, for the organisation of metadata, and for the modelling of pesticide residues in food along the supply chain (processing, storage). Priorities for further research are: improving the modelling of pesticide secondary emissions, further extending emission modeling (e.g. additional application techniques, including cover crops), considering metal-based pesticides in emission models, and systematically assessing human health impacts associated with pesticide residues in food crops. Conclusions The proposed approach allows to preserve the mass balance of the pesticide emitted after application, to make a consistent assessment of ecotoxicity and human toxicity, to define a clear and consistent interface between the LCI and LCIA phases, to estimate initial emission distribution fractions based on existing data, to document metadata transparently and efficiently within crop datasets, and to model the removal of pesticide residues in food during processing.

Monitoring butterfly assemblages in southern California to assess the impact of habitat and climate modifications - Sofia Dartnell; Nancy Hamlett; Wallace M. Meyer (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2022)

First glance at the molecular etiology of hearing loss in French-Canadian families from Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean’s founder population - Tania Cruz Marino; Jessica Tardif; Josianne Leblanc; Janie Lavoie; Pascal Morin; Michel Harvey; Marie-Jacqueline Thomas; Annabelle Pratte; Nancy Braverman (Human Genetics, 2022)

Reward processing in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder - Jon E. Grant; Tara S. Peris; Emily J. Ricketts; Richard A. I. Bethlehem; Samuel R. Chamberlain; Joseph O’Neill; Jeremiah M. Scharf; Darin D. Dougherty; Thilo Deckersbach; Douglas W. Woods; John Piacentini; Nancy J. Keuthen (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

The Protective Role of Celastrol in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways, Modulating NF-κb Signaling Pathways, and Inhibiting ERK Phosphorylation - Nancy S. Younis; Amal M. H. Ghanim (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2022)
Celastrol, a natural triterpenoid derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, possesses numerous biological effects. We investigated celastrol’s antioxidant potential through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) rat model. Rats were given celastrol 2 mg/kg orally for 1 week before subjection to renal ischemia-reperfusion surgery. Kidney functions, renal MDA, and reduced glutathione were determined; also, renal levels of ERK1/2, HO-1, PI3K, IL-6, TNF-α, IκBα, NF-κB/p65, and cleaved caspase-3 were measured. In addition, gene expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Nrf-2, and AKT were determined. Celastrol pretreatment attenuated oxidative stress and increased Nrf2 gene expression and HO-1 level. Also, it activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and decreased the p-ERK:t- ERK ratio and NFκBp65 level, with a remarkable decrease in inflammatory cytokines and cleaved caspase-3 levels compared with those in renal IRI rats. Conclusively, celastrol showed a reno-protective potential against renal IRI by suppressing oxidative stress through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, augmenting cell survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and reducing inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Effect of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure on diaphragmatic muscle contractility and MHC isoforms in adult rats - Hiba El Khayat EL Sabbouri; Nancy Hallal; Walaa Darwiche; Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard; Véronique Bach; Wiam Ramadan; Wissam H. Joumaa (Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2022)

Microbial community structure across grazing treatments and environmental gradients in the Serengeti - Bo Maxwell Stevens; Derek Lee Sonderegger; Nancy Collins Johnson (Soil Ecology Letters, 2022)

Structural biology of cell surface receptors implicated in Alzheimer’s disease - Stefan J. Hermans; Tracy L. Nero; Craig J. Morton; Jonathan H. Gooi; Gabriela A. N. Crespi; Nancy C. Hancock; Chen Gao; Kenta Ishii; Jasmina Markulić; Michael W. Parker (Biophysical Reviews, 2022)

Correction to: Clinical profile of children with parechovirus meningitis in Singapore - Jessica Hui Yin Tan; Chew Thye Choong; Nancy Wen Sim Tee; Chia Yin Chong; Koh Cheng Thoon; Matthias Maiwald; Elis Yue Xian Lee; Melody Si Shan Tan; Natalie Woon Hui Tan (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2022)

Clinical profile of children with parechovirus meningitis in Singapore - Jessica Hui Yin Tan; Chew Thye Choong; Nancy Wen Sim Tee; Chia Yin Chong; Koh Cheng Thoon; Matthias Maiwald; Elis Yue Xian Lee; Melody Si Shan Tan; Natalie Woon Hui Tan (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2022)

Entschlüsselung mikrobieller Interaktionen - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer (BIOspektrum, 2022)

Plant community responses to experimental climate manipulation in a Welsh ombrotrophic peatland and their palaeoenvironmental context - Luke O. Andrews; James G. Rowson; Simon J. M. Caporn; Nancy B. Dise; Eleanor Barton; Ed Garrett; W. Roland Gehrels; Maria Gehrels; Martin Kay; Richard J. Payne (Global Change Biology, 2022)
We test whether vegetation community composition from a 10‐year climate manipulation experiment on a Welsh peat bog resembles vegetation communities during periods of climate change inferred from a peat core. Experimentally warmed and combined warmed and droughted treatments drove significant increases in ericaceous shrubs but Sphagnum was unaffected. Similarly, Calluna vulgaris seeds increase during inferred warmer periods in the palaeoecological record. Experimental short‐term episodic drought (four 4‐week drought treatments) did not affect vegetation. Plant community composition has undergone several abrupt changes throughout the past c. 1500 years, often in response to human disturbance. Only slight changes occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (c. 950–1250 Common Era [CE]) in vegetation and hydrology, while abrupt changes occurred during the Little Ice Age (c. 1300–1850 CE) when water tables were highest, suggesting that these shifts were driven by changes in water table, modulated by climate. A period of water table drawdown c. 1800, synchronous with historical records of increased drainage, corresponds with the development of the present‐day vegetation community. Modern analogues for fossil material, characterized by abundant Rhynchospora alba and Sphagnum pulchrum , are more common after this event. Vegetation changes due to climate inferred from the palaeo record differ from those observed in the experiments, possibly relating to differences in the importance of drivers of vegetation change over varying timescales. Whereas temperature is frequently identified as the dominant driver of plant community change in experiments, sustained changes in water table appear to be more important in the long‐term record. We find evidence that recent climate change and other anthropogenic stressors (e.g. drainage, heavy metal and nitrogen pollution) may promote the development of novel plant communities without analogues in the fossil record. These communities may be poorer at sequestering carbon and may respond differently to future climate change.

Survival of climate warming through niche shifts: Evidence from frogs on tropical islands - Jim Labisko; Nancy Bunbury; Richard A. Griffiths; Jim J. Groombridge; Lindsay Chong‐Seng; Kay S. Bradfield; Jeffrey W. Streicher (Global Change Biology, 2022)
How will organisms cope when forced into warmer‐than‐preferred thermal environments? This is a key question facing our ability to monitor and manage biota as average annual temperatures increase, and is of particular concern for range‐limited terrestrial species unable to track their preferred climatic envelope. Being ectothermic, desiccation prone, and often spatially restricted, island‐inhabiting tropical amphibians exemplify this scenario. Pre‐Anthropocene case studies of how insular amphibian populations responded to the enforced occupation of warmer‐than‐ancestral habitats may add a valuable, but currently lacking, perspective. We studied a population of frogs from the Seychelles endemic family Sooglossidae which, due to historic sea‐level rise, have been forced to occupy a significantly warmer island (Praslin) than their ancestors and close living relatives. Evidence from thermal activity patterns, bioacoustics, body size distributions, and ancestral state estimations suggest that this population shifted its thermal niche in response to restricted opportunities for elevational dispersal. Relative to conspecifics, Praslin sooglossids also have divergent nuclear genotypes and call characters, a finding consistent with adaptation causing speciation in a novel thermal environment. Using an evolutionary perspective, our study reveals that some tropical amphibians have survived episodes of historic warming without the aid of dispersal and therefore may have the capacity to adapt to the currently warming climate. However, two otherwise co‐distributed sooglossid species are absent from Praslin, and the deep evolutionary divergence between the frogs on Praslin and their closest extant relatives (~8 million years) may have allowed for gradual thermal adaptation and speciation. Thus, local extinction is still a likely outcome for tropical frogs experiencing warming climates in the absence of dispersal corridors to thermal refugia.

The relative importance of COVID‐19 pandemic impacts on biodiversity conservation globally - David W. Gibbons; Chris Sandbrook; William J. Sutherland; Rezvin Akter; Richard Bradbury; Steven Broad; Andy Clements; Humphrey Q. P. Crick; Joanna Elliott; Ngawang Gyeltshen; Melanie Heath; Jonathan Hughes; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
The COVID‐19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on almost all aspects of human society and endeavor; the natural world and its conservation have not been spared. Through a process of expert consultation, we identified and categorized, into 19 themes and 70 subthemes, the ways in which biodiversity and its conservation have been or could be affected by the pandemic globally. Nearly 60% of the effects have been broadly negative. Subsequently, we created a compendium of all themes and subthemes, each with explanatory text, and in August 2020 a diverse group of experienced conservationists with expertise from across sectors and geographies assessed each subtheme for its likely impact on biodiversity conservation globally. The 9 subthemes ranked highest all have a negative impact. These were, in rank order, governments sidelining the environment during their economic recovery, reduced wildlife‐based tourism income, increased habitat destruction, reduced government funding, increased plastic and other solid waste pollution, weakening of nature‐friendly regulations and their enforcement, increased illegal harvest of wild animals, reduced philanthropy, and threats to survival of conservation organizations. In combination, these impacts present a worrying future of increased threats to biodiversity conservation but reduced capacity to counter them. The highest ranking positive impact, at 10, was the beneficial impact of wildlife‐trade restrictions. More optimistically, among impacts ranked 11‐20, 6 were positive and 4 were negative. We hope our assessment will draw attention to the impacts of the pandemic and, thus, improve the conservation community's ability to respond to such threats in the future.

The Perspective of DMPK on Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Gene Therapy: Past Learning, Current Support, and Future Contribution - Nancy Chen; Kefeng Sun; Nagendra Venkata Chemuturi; Hyelim Cho; Cindy Q. Xia (The AAPS Journal, 2022)
Given the recent success of gene therapy modalities and the growing number of cell and gene-based therapies in clinical development across many different therapeutic areas, it is evident that this evolving field holds great promise for the unmet medical needs of patients. The recent approvals of Luxturna® and Zolgensma® prove that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapy is a transformative modality that enables curative treatment for genetic disorders. Over the last decade, Takeda has accumulated significant experience with rAAV-based gene therapies, especially in the early stage of development. In this review, based on the learnings from Takeda and publicly available information, we aim to provide a guiding perspective on Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) substantial role in advancing therapeutic gene therapy modalities from nonclinical research to clinical development, in particular the characterization of gene therapy product biodistribution, elimination (shedding), immunogenicity assessment, multiple platform bioanalytical assays, and first-in-human (FIH) dose projection strategies.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) anxiety test battery: comparison of behavioral responses in the novel tank diving and light–dark tasks following exposure to anxiogenic and anxiolytic compounds - Barbara D. Fontana; Nancy Alnassar; Matthew O. Parker (Psychopharmacology, 2022)
Rationale Triangulation of approaches (i.e., using several tests of the same construct) can be extremely useful for increasing the robustness of the findings being widely used when working with behavioral testing, especially when using rodents as a translational model. Although zebrafish are widely used in neuropharmacology research due to their high-throughput screening potential for new therapeutic drugs, behavioral test battery effects following pharmacological manipulations are still unknown. Methods Here, we tested the effects of an anxiety test battery and test time following pharmacological manipulations in zebrafish by using two behavioral tasks: the novel tank diving task (NTT) and the light–dark test (LDT). Fluoxetine and conspecific alarm substance (CAS) were chosen to induce anxiolytic and anxiogenic-like behavior, respectively. Results For non-drug-treated animals, no differences were observed for testing order (NTT → LDT or LDT → NTT) and there was a strong correlation between performances on the two behavioral tasks. However, we found that during drug treatment, NTT/LDT responses are affected by the tested order depending on the test time being fluoxetine effects higher at the second behavioral task (6 min later) and CAS effects lower across time. Conclusions Overall, our data supports the use of baseline behavior assessment using this anxiety test battery. However, when working with drug exposure, data analysis must carefully consider time-drug-response and data variability across behavioral tasks.

Breast intraductal nanoformulations for treating ductal carcinoma in situ II: Dose de-escalation using a slow releasing/slow bioconverting prodrug strategy - Firas Al-Zubaydi; Dayuan Gao; Dipti Kakkar; Shike Li; Jennifer Holloway; Zoltan Szekely; Nancy Chan; Shicha Kumar; Hatem E. Sabaawy; Susan Love; Patrick J. Sinko (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2022)

Attention to values helps shape convergence research - Casey Helgeson; Robert E. Nicholas; Klaus Keller; Chris E. Forest; Nancy Tuana (Climatic Change, 2022)
Convergence research is driven by specific and compelling problems and requires deep integration across disciplines. The potential of convergence research is widely recognized, but questions remain about how to design, facilitate, and assess such research. Here we analyze a seven-year, twelve-million-dollar convergence project on sustainable climate risk management to answer two questions. First, what is the impact of a project-level emphasis on the values that motivate and tie convergence research to the compelling problems? Second, how does participation in convergence projects shape the research of postdoctoral scholars who are still in the process of establishing themselves professionally? We use an interview-based approach to characterize what the project specifically enabled in each participant’s research. We find that (a) the project pushed participants’ research into better alignment with the motivating concept of convergence research and that this effect was stronger for postdoctoral scholars than for more senior faculty. (b) Postdocs’ self-assessed understanding of key project themes, however, appears unconnected to metrics of project participation, raising questions about training and integration. Regarding values, (c) the project enabled heightened attention to values in the research of a large minority of participants. (d) Participants strongly believe in the importance of explicitly reflecting on values that motivate and pervade scientific research, but they question their own understanding of how to put value-focused science into practice. This mismatch of perceived importance with poor understanding highlights an unmet need in the practice of convergence science.

Addressing the welfare needs of farmed lumpfish: Knowledge gaps, challenges and solutions - Carlos Garcia de Leaniz; Carolina Gutierrez Rabadan; Sara I. Barrento; Rebecca Stringwell; Paul N. Howes; Ben A. Whittaker; Jessica F. Minett; Robert G. Smith; Craig L. Pooley; Ben J. Overland; Leigh Biddiscombe; Richard Lloyd; et al. (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2022)
Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus L.) are increasingly being used as cleaner fish to control parasitic sea lice, one of the most important threats to salmon farming. However, lumpfish cannot survive feeding solely on sea lice, and their mortality in salmon net‐pens can be high, which has welfare, ethical and economic implications. The industry is under increasing pressure to improve the welfare of lumpfish, but little guidance exists on how this can be achieved. We undertook a knowledge gap and prioritisation exercise using a Delphi approach with participants from the fish farming sector, animal welfare, academia and regulators to assess consensus on the main challenges and potential solutions for improving lumpfish welfare. Consensus among participants on the utility of 5 behavioural and 12 physical welfare indicators was high (87–89%), reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, 95CI = 0.69–0.92) and independent of participant background. Participants highlighted fin erosion and body damage as the most useful and practical operational welfare indicators, and blood parameters and behavioural indicators as the least practical. Species profiling revealed profound differences between Atlantic salmon and lumpfish in relation to behaviour, habitat preferences, nutritional needs and response to stress, suggesting that applying a common set of welfare standards to both species cohabiting in salmon net‐pens may not work well for lumpfish. Our study offers 16 practical solutions for improving the welfare of lumpfish and illustrates the merits of the Delphi approach for achieving consensus among stakeholders on welfare needs, targeting research where is most needed and generating workable solutions.

A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean - Marilaure Grégoire; Véronique Garçon; Hernan Garcia; Denise Breitburg; Kirsten Isensee; Andreas Oschlies; Maciej Telszewski; Alexander Barth; Henry C. Bittig; Jacob Carstensen; Thierry Carval; Fei Chai; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO 2 DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO 2 DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO 2 DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO 2 DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O 2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O 2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O 2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO 2 DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O 2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO 2 DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO 2 DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).

In-vitro antitumor activity of compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra against C6 glioma cancer cells: identification of natural lead for further evaluation - Bharat Goel; Anuradha Sharma; Nancy Tripathi; Nivedita Bhardwaj; Bharat Sahu; Gurcharan Kaur; Bikarma Singh; Shreyans K. Jain (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Trypanocidal activity of South American Vernonieae (Asteraceae) extracts and its sesquiterpene lactones - Andrea Sosa; Efraín Salamanca Capusiri; Susana Amaya; Alicia Bardón; Alberto Giménez-Turba; Nancy Vera; Susana Borkosky (Natural Product Research, 2021)

The ten steps to responsible Inland fisheries in practice: reflections from diverse regional case studies around the globe - Steven J. Cooke; Elizabeth Nyboer; Abigail Bennett; Abigail J. Lynch; Dana M. Infante; Ian G. Cowx; T. Douglas Beard; Devin Bartley; Craig P. Paukert; Andrea J. Reid; Simon Funge-Smith; Edith Gondwe; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2021)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cyclopropylfentanyl in male rats - Marianne Skov-Skov Bergh; Inger Lise Bogen; Nancy Garibay; Michael H. Baumann (Psychopharmacology, 2021)
Background Illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its analogs are a major driving force behind the ongoing opioid crisis. Cyclopropylfentanyl is a fentanyl analog associated with many overdose deaths, but limited knowledge is available about its pharmacology. In the present study, we developed a bioanalytical method for the determination of cyclopropylfentanyl and its main metabolite cyclopropylnorfentanyl and evaluated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships in rats. Method An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of cyclopropylfentanyl and cyclopropylnorfentanyl in rat plasma. Male Sprague–Dawley rats fitted with jugular catheters and temperature transponders received cyclopropylfentanyl (30, 100, and 300 μg/kg) or saline subcutaneously. Blood specimens were withdrawn over an 8-h time period, along with measurements of pharmacodynamic endpoints. Results The analytical method was validated, and both analytes exhibited a low limit of quantification (15 pg/mL). Cyclopropylfentanyl caused dose-related increases in hot plate latency (ED 50 = 48 µg/kg) and catalepsy (ED 50 = 87 µg/kg) and produced long-lasting hypothermia at the highest dose. Plasma cyclopropylfentanyl rose rapidly in a dose-related fashion, reaching maximal concentration (C max ) after 15–28 min, whereas metabolite Cmax occurred later at 45–90 min. Cyclopropylfentanyl C max values were similar to concentrations measured in non-fatal intoxications in humans; however, differences in parent drug: metabolite ratio indicated possible interspecies variance in metabolism. Conclusion Our study shows that cyclopropylfentanyl produces typical opioid-like effects in male rats. Cyclopropylfentanyl displays much greater analgesic potency when compared to morphine, suggesting that cyclopropylfentanyl poses increased overdose risk for unsuspecting users.

Dominican Provider Attitudes Towards HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening and, Current Challenges to Cervical Cancer Prevention in the Dominican Republic: a Mixed Methods Study - Erica Liebermann; Nancy Van Devanter; Natalia Frías Gúzman; Marilyn J. Hammer; Danielle Ompad (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)

Biodegradable, metal-chelating compounds as alternatives to EDTA for cultivation of marine microalgae - Justine Sauvage; Gary H. Wikfors; Koen Sabbe; Nancy Nevejan; Steven Goderis; Philippe Claeys; Xiaoxu Li; Alyssa Joyce (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2021)
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for microalgal metabolism. The low solubility of Fe in oxic aquatic environments can be a growth-limiting factor for phytoplankton. Synthetic chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), are used widely to maintain Fe in solution for microalgal cultivation. The non-biodegradable nature of EDTA, combined with sub-optimal bioavailability of Fe-EDTA complexes to microalgae, indicates opportunity to improve microalgal cultivation practices that amplify production efficiency and environmental compatibility. In the present study, the effects of four organic chelating ligands known to form readily bioavailable organic complexes with Fe in natural aquatic environments were investigated in relation to growth and biochemical composition of two marine microalgae grown as live feeds in shellfish hatcheries ( Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tisochrysis lutea ). Three saccharides, alginic acid (ALG), glucuronic acid (GLU), and dextran (DEX), as well as the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFB), were compared to EDTA. Organic ligands characterized by weaker binding capacity for cationic metals (i.e., ALG, GLU, DEX) significantly improved microalgal growth and yields in laboratory-scale static batch cultures or bubbled photobioreactors. Maximal microalgal growth enhancement relative to the control (e.g., EDTA) was recorded for GLU, followed by ALG, with 20–35% increase in specific growth rate in the early stages of culture development of C. calcitrans and T. lutea . Substitution of EDTA with GLU resulted in a 27% increase in cellular omega 3-polyunsaturetd fatty acid content of C. calcitrans and doubled final cell yields. Enhanced microalgal culture performance is likely associated with increased intracellular Fe uptake efficiency combined with heterotrophic growth stimulated by the organic ligands. Based upon these results, we propose that replacement of EDTA with one of these organic metal-chelating ligands is an effective and easily implementable strategy to enhance the environmental compatibility of microalgal cultivation practices while also maximizing algal growth and enhancing the nutritional quality of marine microalgal species commonly cultured for live-feed applications in aquaculture.

Patient and public preferences for being recontacted with updated genomic results: a mixed methods study - Chloe Mighton; Marc Clausen; Agnes Sebastian; Sarah M. Muir; Salma Shickh; Nancy N. Baxter; Adena Scheer; Emily Glogowski; Kasmintan A. Schrader; Kevin E. Thorpe; Theresa H. M. Kim; Jordan Lerner-Ellis; et al. (Human Genetics, 2021)

Differential strategies of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the protection of maize plants grown in chromium-contaminated soils - Maria de los Angeles Beltrán-Nambo; Nancy Rojas-Jacuinde; Miguel Martínez-Trujillo; Pablo Fabián Jaramillo-López; Mariela Gómez Romero; Yazmín Carreón-Abud (BioMetals, 2021)

Simulating an invasion: unsealed water storage (rainwater tanks) and urban block design facilitate the spread of the dengue fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, in Brisbane, Australia - Brendan J. Trewin; Hazel R. Parry; Daniel E. Pagendam; Gregor J. Devine; Myron P. Zalucki; Jonathan M. Darbro; Cassie C. Jansen; Nancy A. Schellhorn (Biological Invasions, 2021)

Dispersal limitations and long‐term persistence drive differentiation from haplotypes to communities within a tropical sky‐island: Evidence from community metabarcoding - Nancy Gálvez‐Reyes; Paula Arribas; Carmelo Andújar; Brent C. Emerson; Daniel Piñero; Alicia Mastretta‐Yanes (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Neutral theory proposes that dispersal stochasticity is one of the main drivers of local diversity. Haplotypes‐level genetic variation can now be efficiently sampled from across whole communities, thus making it possible to test neutral predictions from the genetic to species‐level diversity, and higher. However, empirical data is still limited, with the few studies to date coming from temperate latitudes. Here, we focus on a tropical mountain within the Transmexican Volcanic Belt to evaluate spatially fine‐scale patterns of arthropod community assembly to understand the role of dispersal limitation and landscape features as drivers of diversity. We sampled whole‐communities of arthropods for eight orders at a spatial scale ranging from 50 m to 19 km, using whole community metabarcoding. We explored multiple hierarchical levels, from individual haplotypes to lineages at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7.5% similarity thresholds, to evaluate patterns of richness, turnover, and distance decay of similarity with isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance (costs to dispersal given by landscape features) approaches. Our results showed that distance and altitude influence distance decay of similarity at all hierarchical levels. This holds for arthropod groups of contrasting dispersal abilities, but with different strength depending on the spatial scale. Our results support a model where local‐scale differentiation mediated by dispersal constraints, combined with long‐term persistence of lineages, is an important driver of diversity within tropical sky islands.

Quinoa genome assembly employing genomic variation for guided scaffolding - Alexandrina Bodrug-Schepers; Nancy Stralis-Pavese; Hermann Buerstmayr; Juliane C. Dohm; Heinz Himmelbauer (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021)
Key message We propose to use the natural variation between individuals of a population for genome assembly scaffolding. In today’s genome projects, multiple accessions get sequenced, leading to variant catalogs. Using such information to improve genome assemblies is attractive both cost-wise as well as scientifically, because the value of an assembly increases with its contiguity. We conclude that haplotype information is a valuable resource to group and order contigs toward the generation of pseudomolecules. Abstract Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ) has been under cultivation in Latin America for more than 7500 years. Recently, quinoa has gained increasing attention due to its stress resistance and its nutritional value. We generated a novel quinoa genome assembly for the Bolivian accession CHEN125 using PacBio long-read sequencing data (assembly size 1.32 Gbp, initial N50 size 608 kbp). Next, we re-sequenced 50 quinoa accessions from Peru and Bolivia. This set of accessions differed at 4.4 million single-nucleotide variant (SNV) positions compared to CHEN125 (1.4 million SNV positions on average per accession). We show how to exploit variation in accessions that are distantly related to establish a genome-wide ordered set of contigs for guided scaffolding of a reference assembly. The method is based on detecting shared haplotypes and their expected continuity throughout the genome (i.e., the effect of linkage disequilibrium), as an extension of what is expected in mapping populations where only a few haplotypes are present. We test the approach using Arabidopsis thaliana data from different populations. After applying the method on our CHEN125 quinoa assembly we validated the results with mate-pairs, genetic markers, and another quinoa assembly originating from a Chilean cultivar. We show consistency between these information sources and the haplotype-based relations as determined by us and obtain an improved assembly with an N50 size of 1079 kbp and ordered contig groups of up to 39.7 Mbp. We conclude that haplotype information in distantly related individuals of the same species is a valuable resource to group and order contigs according to their adjacency in the genome toward the generation of pseudomolecules.

Recessive ciliopathy mutations in primary endocardial fibroelastosis: a rare neonatal cardiomyopathy in a case of Alstrom syndrome - Yan Zhao; Lee-kai Wang; Ascia Eskin; Xuedong Kang; Viviana M. Fajardo; Zubin Mehta; Stacy Pineles; Ryan J. Schmidt; Aaron Nagiel; Gary Satou; Meena Garg; Myke Federman; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2021)
Among neonatal cardiomyopathies, primary endocardial fibroelastosis (pEFE) remains a mysterious disease of the endomyocardium that is poorly genetically characterized, affecting 1/5000 live births and accounting for 25% of the entire pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a devastating course and grave prognosis. To investigate the potential genetic contribution to pEFE, we performed integrative genomic analysis, using whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq in a female infant with confirmed pathological diagnosis of pEFE. Within regions of homozygosity in the proband genome, WES analysis revealed novel parent-transmitted homozygous mutations affecting three genes with known roles in cilia assembly or function. Among them, a novel homozygous variant [c.1943delA] of uncertain significance in ALMS1 was prioritized for functional genomic and mechanistic analysis. Loss of function mutations of ALMS1 have been implicated in Alstrom syndrome (AS) [OMIM 203800], a rare recessive ciliopathy that has been associated with cardiomyopathy. The variant of interest results in a frameshift introducing a premature stop codon. RNA-seq of the proband’s dermal fibroblasts confirmed the impact of the novel ALMS1 variant on RNA-seq reads and revealed dysregulated cellular signaling and function, including the induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of TGFβ signaling. ALMS1 loss enhanced cellular migration in patient fibroblasts as well as neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, while ALMS1-depleted cardiomyocytes exhibited enhanced proliferation activity. Herein, we present the unique pathological features of pEFE compared to DCM and utilize integrated genomic analysis to elucidate the molecular impact of a novel mutation in ALMS1 gene in an AS case. Our report provides insights into pEFE etiology and suggests, for the first time to our knowledge, ciliopathy as a potential underlying mechanism for this poorly understood and incurable form of neonatal cardiomyopathy. Key message Primary endocardial fibroelastosis (pEFE) is a rare form of neonatal cardiomyopathy that occurs in 1/5000 live births with significant consequences but unknown etiology. Integrated genomics analysis (whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing) elucidates novel genetic contribution to pEFE etiology. In this case, the cardiac manifestation in Alstrom syndrome is pEFE. To our knowledge, this report provides the first evidence linking ciliopathy to pEFE etiology. Infants with pEFE should be examined for syndromic features of Alstrom syndrome. Our findings lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pEFE, paving the way to potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

A rapid and robust method for the cryopreservation of human granulosa cells - Sarah Beschta; Katja Eubler; Nancy Bohne; Ignasi Forne; Dieter Berg; Ulrike Berg; Artur Mayerhofer (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2021)
Human primary granulosa cells (GCs) derived from women undergoing oocyte retrieval can be cultured and used as a cellular model for the study of human ovarian function. In vitro, they change rapidly, initially resembling cells of the preovulatory follicle and then cells of the corpus luteum. They are derived from individual patients, whose different medical history, lifestyle and age lead to heterogeneity. Thus, cells can rarely be ideally matched for cellular experiments or, if available, only in small quantities. We reasoned that cryopreservation of human GCs may be helpful to improve this situation. Previous studies indicated the feasibility of such an approach, but low survival of human GCs was reported, and effects on human GC functionality were only partially evaluated. We tested a slow freezing protocol (employing FCS and DMSO) for human GCs upon isolation from follicular fluid. We compared cryopreserved and subsequently thawed cells with fresh, non-cryopreserved cells from the same patients. About 80% of human GCs survived freezing/thawing. No differences were found in cell morphology, survival rate in culture, or transcript levels of mitochondrial ( COX4 , OPA1, TOMM20 ), steroidogenic ( CYP11A1 , CYP19A1) or cell–cell contact genes ( GJA1 ) between the two groups in cells cultured for 1–5 days. A proteomic analysis revealed no statistically significant change in the abundance of a total of 5962 proteins. The two groups produced comparable basal levels of progesterone and responded similarly to hCG with elevation of progesterone. Taken together, our results show this to be a rapid and readily available method for the cryopreservation of human GCs. We anticipate that it will allow future large-scale experiments and may thereby improve cellular studies with human ovarian cells.

Effects of agrochemicals on the beneficial plant rhizobacteria in agricultural systems - Becky Nancy Aloo; Ernest Rashid Mbega; Billy Amendi Makumba; John Baptist Tumuhairwe (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Translational invasion ecology: bridging research and practice to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity - Toni Lyn Morelli; Carrie J. Brown-Lima; Jenica M. Allen; Evelyn M. Beaury; Emily J. Fusco; Audrey Barker-Plotkin; Brittany B. Laginhas; Brendan R. Quirion; Bridget Griffin; Blair McLaughlin; Lara Munro; Nancy Olmstead; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2021)
Effective natural resource management and policy is contingent on information generated by research. Conversely, the applicability of research depends on whether it is responsive to the needs and constraints of resource managers and policy makers. However, many scientific fields including invasion ecology suffer from a disconnect between research and practice. Despite strong socio-political imperatives, evidenced by extensive funding dedicated to addressing invasive species, the pairing of invasion ecology with stakeholder needs to support effective management and policy is lacking. As a potential solution, we propose translational invasion ecology (TIE). As an extension of translational ecology, as a framework to increase collaboration among scientists, practitioners, and policy makers to reduce negative impacts of invasive species. As an extension of translational ecology, TIE is an approach that embodies an intentional and inclusive process in which researchers, stakeholders, and decision makers collaborate to develop and implement ecological research via joint consideration of the ecological, sociological, economic, and/or political contexts in order to improve invasive species management. TIE ideally results in improved outcomes as well as shared benefits between researchers and managers. We delineate the steps of our proposed TIE approach and describe successful examples of ongoing TIE projects from the US and internationally. We suggest practical ways to begin incorporating TIE into research and management practices, including supporting boundary-spanning organizations and activities, expanding networks, sharing translational experiences, and measuring outcomes. We find that there is a need for strengthened boundary spanning, as well as funding and recognition for advancing translational approaches. As climate change and globalization exacerbate invasive species impacts, TIE provides a promising approach to generate actionable ecological research while improving outcomes of invasive species management and policy decisions.

Uranium mobility and deposition over 1.3 Ga in the Westmoreland area (McArthur Basin, Australia) - Joséphine Gigon; Julien Mercadier; Irvine R. Annesley; Antonin Richard; Andrew S. Wygralak; Roger G. Skirrow; Terrence P. Mernagh; Ion Probe Team Nancy (Mineralium Deposita, 2021)

Increased uterine androgen receptor protein abundance results in implantation and mitochondrial defects in pregnant rats with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance - Yuehui Zhang; Min Hu; Fan Yang; Yizhuo Zhang; Shuting Ma; Dongqi Zhang; Xu Wang; Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri; Xiaoke Wu; Mats Brännström; Linus R. Shao; Håkan Billig (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2021)
In this study, we show that during normal rat pregnancy, there is a gestational stage-dependent decrease in androgen receptor (AR) abundance in the gravid uterus and that this is correlated with the differential expression of endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes during early and mid-gestation. In contrast, exposure to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin (INS) or DHT alone significantly increased AR protein levels in the uterus in association with the aberrant expression of endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes, as well as disrupted implantation. Next, we assessed the functional relevance of the androgen-AR axis in the uterus for reproductive outcomes by treating normal pregnant rats and pregnant rats exposed to DHT and INS with the anti-androgen flutamide. We found that AR blockage using flutamide largely attenuated the DHT and INS-induced maternal endocrine, metabolic, and fertility impairments in pregnant rats in association with suppressed induction of uterine AR protein abundance and androgen-regulated response protein and normalized expression of several endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes. Further, blockade of AR normalized the expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker Nrf1 and the mitochondrial functional proteins Complexes I and II, VDAC, and PHB1. However, flutamide treatment did not rescue the compromised mitochondrial structure resulting from co-exposure to DHT and INS. These results demonstrate that functional AR protein is an important factor for gravid uterine function. Impairments in the uterine androgen-AR axis are accompanied by decreased endometrial receptivity, decidualization, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which might contribute to abnormal implantation in pregnant PCOS patients with compromised pregnancy outcomes and subfertility. Key messages The proper regulation of uterine androgen receptor (AR) contributes to a normal pregnancy process, whereas the aberrant regulation of uterine AR might be linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-induced pregnancy-related complications. In the current study, we found that during normal rat pregnancy there is a stage-dependent decrease in AR abundance in the gravid uterus and that this is correlated with the differential expression of the endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes Spp1 , Prl , Igfbp1 , and Hbegf . Pregnant rats exposed to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin (INS) or to DHT alone show elevated uterine AR protein abundance and implantation failure related to the aberrant expression of genes involved in endometrial receptivity and decidualization in early to mid-gestation. Treatment with the anti-androgen flutamide, starting from pre-implantation, effectively prevents DHT + INS-induced defects in endometrial receptivity and decidualization gene expression, restores uterine mitochondrial homeostasis, and increases the pregnancy rate and the numbers of viable fetuses. This study adds to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying poor pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients and the possible therapeutic use of anti-androgens, including flutamide, after spontaneous conception.

Participation in genetic research among Latinx populations by Latin America birth-residency concordance: a global study - Timothy De Ver Dye; Zahira Quiñones Tavarez; José G Pérez Ramos; Isabel Diana Fernandez; Carmen Vélez Vega; Denisse M Vega Ocasio; Esteban Avendaño; Nancy R Cardona Cordero; Carmen DiMare Hering; Ann M. Dozier; Susan W. Groth (Journal of Community Genetics, 2021)

Effects of stocking densities and feeding rates on water quality, feed efficiency, and performance of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in an integrated system with sea grape Caulerpa lentillifera - Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh; Felix A. Shayo; Nancy Nevejan; Nguyen Van Hoa (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2021)

Spirometry parameter alterations due to exposure to indoor air pollutants in rural homes in Bogotá, Colombia - John Alexander Benavides Piracón; Leonel Alexander Martínez Vallejo; Mónica Alejandra Quintana Cortés; Yenny Alejandra Vasquez; Nancy Jeanet Molina Achury; Luis Carlos Belalcázar Cerón; Mario Andrés Hernández (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Source identification of n-alkanes and isoprenoids using diagnostic ratios and carbon isotopic composition on crude oils and surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico - Félix Augusto Hernández-Guzmán; José Vinicio Macías-Zamora; Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez; Cristina Quezada-Hernández; Roxana Ortiz-López (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Therapeutic applications and biological activities of bacterial bioactive extracts - Zainab Abdelghani; Nancy Hourani; Zahraa Zaidan; Ghassan Dbaibo; Marguerite Mrad; Rouba Hage-Sleiman (Archives of Microbiology, 2021)

Application of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and DNA sequencing-based SLST and MLST analysis for the identification of Cronobacter spp. isolated from environmental surveillance samples - Irshad M. Sulaiman; Kevin Tang; Katharine Segars; Nancy Miranda; Nikhat Sulaiman; Steven Simpson (Archives of Microbiology, 2021)

High frequency in vitro callogenesis and plant regeneration of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. - Nancy Jaiswal; Yashodhara Verma; Pragati Misra (Vegetos, 2021)

Farmer Knowledge in Potato Virus Epidemiology and Control in Kenya - John Onditi; Nancy Ng’anga; Moses Nyongesa; René van der Vlugt (Potato Research, 2021)
Potato is an important food security crop in Kenya. High prevalence of potato viruses is one of the major causes of low potato yields. Implementation of effective virus management strategies requires information on farmers’ perceptions and practices on virus epidemiology and control. To better understand farmers’ knowledge and practices in virus control and set possible pathways for intervention, a household survey involving 147 respondents was conducted in two major potato-growing regions in Kenya. Lack of sufficient technical information on potato virus symptoms, vectors and modes of transmission was found to be the major hindrance to farmers’ efforts towards virus control. A spider diagram approach was therefore used to determine the aspect of virus control that required the highest prioritization for immediate intervention by policy makers. Use of virus-resistant cultivars was found to require the most urgent attention compared to other aspects of virus control and was expected to have greater impact in lowering virus prevalence. This study showed that enhancing farmer knowledge needs to be prioritised as this is a key determinant of the success of the virus control strategy to be selected for implementation.

Genotype/Phenotype Interactions and First Steps Toward Targeted Therapy for Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome - Julie D. Saba; Nancy Keller; Jen-Yeu Wang; Felicia Tang; Avi Slavin; Yizhuo Shen (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2021)

Comparative analysis of three point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: data from 100 healthcare workers in Brazil - Danielle Dias Conte; Joseane Mayara Almeida Carvalho; Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna; Klinger Soares Faíco-Filho; Ana Helena Perosa; Nancy Bellei (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2021)

Spatial Analysis of Beaked Whale Foraging During Two 12 kHz Multibeam Echosounder Surveys - Hilary Kates Varghese; Kim Lowell; Jennifer Miksis-Olds; Nancy DiMarzio; David Moretti; Larry Mayer (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
To add to the growing information about the effect of multibeam echosounder (MBES) operation on marine mammals, a study was conducted to assess the spatial foraging effort of Cuvier’s beaked whales during two MBES surveys conducted in January of 2017 and 2019 off of San Clemente Island, California. The MBES surveys took place on the Southern California Antisubmarine Warfare Range (SOAR), which contains an array of 89 hydrophones covering an area of approximately 1800 km 2 over which foraging beaked whales were detected. A spatial autocorrelation analysis of foraging effort was conducted using the Moran’s I (global) and the Getis-Ord Gi ∗ (local) statistics, to understand the animals’ spatial use of the entire SOAR, as well as smaller areas, respectively, within the SOAR Before, During , and After the two MBES surveys. In both years, the global Moran’s I statistic suggested significant spatial clustering of foraging events on the SOAR during all analysis periods ( Before, During , and After ). In addition, a Kruskal-Wallis (comparison) test of both years revealed that the number of foraging events across analysis periods were similar within a given year. In 2017, the local Getis-Ord Gi ∗ analysis identified hot spots of foraging activity in the same general area of the SOAR during all analysis periods. This local result, in combination with the global and comparison results of 2017, suggest there was no obvious period-related change detected in foraging effort associated with the 2017 MBES survey at the resolution measurable with the hydrophone array. In 2019, the foraging hot spot area shifted from the southernmost corner of the SOAR Before , to the center During , and was split between the two locations After the MBES survey. Due to the pattern of period-related spatial change identified in 2019, and the lack of change detected in 2017, it was unclear whether the change detected in 2019 was a result of MBES activity or some other environmental factor. Nonetheless, the results strongly suggest that the level of detected foraging during either MBES survey did not change, and most of the foraging effort remained in the historically well-utilized foraging locations of Cuvier’s beaked whales on the SOAR.

Conceptualizing social-ecological drivers of change in urban forest patches - Lea R. Johnson; Michelle L. Johnson; Myla F. J. Aronson; Lindsay K. Campbell; Megan E. Carr; Mysha Clarke; Vincent D’Amico; Lindsay Darling; Tedward Erker; Robert T. Fahey; Kristen L. King; Katherine Lautar; et al. (Urban Ecosystems, 2021)

Influence of COMT polymorphism in cognitive performance on dementia in community-dwelling elderly Mexican (SADEM study) - Teresa Juárez-Cedillo; Evangelina González-Figueroa; Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez; Jose M. Fragosos; Osvaldo Garrido-Acosta; Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2021)

Dominican Provider Practices for Cervical Cancer Screening in Santo Domingo and Monte Plata Provinces - Erica Liebermann; Marilyn J. Hammer; Natalia Frías Gúzman; Nancy Van Devanter; Danielle Ompad (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)

Genetic structure and population history in two critically endangered Kaua‘i honeycreepers - Loren Cassin-Sackett; Michael G. Campana; Nancy Rotzel McInerney; Haw Chuan Lim; Natalia A. S. Przelomska; Bryce Masuda; R. Terry Chesser; Eben H. Paxton; Jeffrey T. Foster; Lisa H. Crampton; Robert C. Fleischer (Conservation Genetics, 2021)

Arguments in favor of and against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico: a content analysis of newspaper media - Coralia Vázquez-Otero; Dinorah Martinez Tyson; Cheryl A. Vamos; Nancy Romero-Daza; Jason Beckstead; Ellen M. Daley (Cancer Causes & Control, 2021)

History of plant genetic mutations ± human influences - Nancy A. Reichert (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2021)

Reproductive biology of hardhead catfish Ariopsis felis : evidence for overwintering oocytes - Lucas G. Pensinger; Nancy J. Brown‐Peterson; Christopher C. Green; Stephen R. Midway (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
Hardhead catfish Ariopsis felis are a common marine catfish in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The low economic value of this species has depressed interest and research, and although the species is known for its extremely low fecundity and large oocytes, little else is known about this catfish species. A total of 1230 samples across all months of the year from 2016 to 2018 resulted in 681 females, and analysis of gonado‐somatic index ( I G ) revealed 1% to be a clear cut‐off indicating maturity. Females are considered capable of spawning from April to June when I G averaged 4–8%. Both atresia and post‐ovulatory follicles were present in July, suggesting that spawning ends in July in the northern GOM. The 1% I G cut‐off was used to designate maturity, and from that an L 50 of 253 mm was estimated. Batch fecundity from 41 females estimated a mean batch size of 36 oocytes. Perhaps the most interesting finding was the presence of secondary growth stage oocytes ( e.g ., cortical alveoli) from July through November, well outside the spawning capable period. Furthermore, 78% of females had some early vitellogenic oocytes present during the non‐spawning season, and the distribution of these relatively large (2–5 mm) oocytes did not change over time. The results here are not only important as reproductive biology information for a common and abundant species, but also present interesting and unusual patterns of non‐spawning season oocyte development that is not commonly seen in Western Hemisphere subtropical fish species.

Exploring novel capping framework: high substituent pyridine-hydroxamic acid derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents - Fernando Hernández-Borja; Itzel Mercado-Sánchez; Yolanda Alcaraz; Marco A. García-Revilla; Clarisa Villegas Gómez; David Ordaz-Rosado; Nancy Santos-Martínez; Rocío García-Becerra; Miguel A. Vazquez (DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021)

Editorial: Gulf of Mexico Reefs: Past, Present and Future - Rowan C. Martindale; Daniel Holstein; Nancy Knowlton; Joshua D. Voss; Anna M. Weiss; Adrienne M. S. Correa (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)

Field Research Experience of Medical Students: Learning and Translation from Global to Underserved US Settings - Fatma H. Shalan; Shanjida Ambia; Beatriz Martinez; Eric Jon; Ugochukwu Okorafor; Kristen Yang; Elizabeth Yim; Robert M. Chamberlain; Nancy Sohler; Khadija Msami; Crispin Kahesa; Julius Mwaiselage; et al. (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)

Biomonitoring of Potentially Toxic Elements in Two Polluted Areas from Lurigancho-Chosica Using the genus Tillandsia latifolia and T. purpurea as Biomonitor - Alex Rubén Huamán De La Cruz; Hérica Yauri Molina; Xiomara Rosa Vilca Monrroy; Karmel Beringui; Andres Camargo Caysahuana; Julio Angeles Suazo; Nancy Curasi Rafael; Adriana Gioda; Ide Gelmore Unchupaico Payano (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2021)

Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities - Bruno X. Pinho; Marcelo Tabarelli; Cajo J. F. ter Braak; S. Joseph Wright; Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez; Maíra Benchimol; Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht; Simon Pierce; Peter Hietz; Bráulio A. Santos; Carlos A. Peres; Sandra C. Müller; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2021)
Aim Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates. Location Neotropics. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c . 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence‐based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance‐weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double‐constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits. Results Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower‐statured, light‐wooded and softer‐leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits. Main conclusions Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Particularly, equatorial forests holding the most conservative traits and large seeds are likely to experience the most severe changes if climate change triggers the proliferation of opportunistic tree species.

Revealing environmentally driven population dynamics of an Arctic diatom using a novel microsatellite PoolSeq barcoding approach - Klara K. E. Wolf; Clara J. M. Hoppe; Florian Leese; Martina Weiss; Björn Rost; Stefan Neuhaus; Thilo Gross; Nancy Kühne; Uwe John (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Ecological stability under environmental change is determined by both interspecific and intraspecific processes. Particularly for planktonic microorganisms, it is challenging to follow intraspecific dynamics over space and time. We propose a new method, microsatellite PoolSeq barcoding (MPB), for tracing allele frequency changes in protist populations. We successfully applied this method to experimental community incubations and field samples of the diatom Thalassiosira hyalina from the Arctic, a rapidly changing ecosystem. Validation of the method found compelling accuracy in comparison with established genotyping approaches within different diversity contexts. In experimental and environmental samples, we show that MPB can detect meaningful patterns of population dynamics, resolving allelic stability and shifts within a key diatom species in response to experimental treatments as well as different bloom phases and years. Through our novel MPB approach, we produced a large dataset of populations at different time‐points and locations with comparably little effort. Results like this can add insights into the roles of selection and plasticity in natural protist populations under stable experimental but also variable field conditions. Especially for organisms where genotype sampling remains challenging, MPB holds great potential to efficiently resolve eco‐evolutionary dynamics and to assess the mechanisms and limits of resilience to environmental stressors.

Alkoxybenzoate Derivatives: Design and Gelation Effect on Organic Solvents, Fuels, and Oils - Jaime E. Sosa-Sevilla; Silvia B. Brachetti-Sibaja; Josué F. Pérez-Sánchez; Jessica I. Lozano-Navarro; Nancy P. Díaz-Zavala (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021)

Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Emergence from Ground Fruits Across Varying Altitudes and Climate Cycles, and the Effect on Coffee Tree Infestation - Luis Miguel Constantino; Zulma Nancy Gil; Esther Cecilia Montoya; Pablo Benavides (Neotropical Entomology, 2021)
During coffee harvest, picked berries fall to the ground where they serve as a reservoir for the coffee berry borer (CBB) which then infest coffee berries on the trees. This study tested the effect of fallen CBB-infested coffee berries on the infestation of coffee trees ( Coffea arabica ). Three-year-old trees were treated with either 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 CBB-infested berries placed on the root vicinity. The CBB infestation of coffee trees was sampled every 30 days during 6 months for four coffee productive cycles. The experiment was set up at four different locations comprising different altitudes (1,218; 1,381; 1,470; and 1,700 m.a.s.l.) and the measurements were taken during 4 years where the climatic events of El Niño, La Niña, Neutral, and transitions El Niño/La Niña were present. The results show that CBB-infested berries left on the ground are a reservoir of CBB for 140 ± 8.2 days and infest developing healthy coffee berries. In a climate Neutral year, one CBB-infested ground berry left on the ground infested on average 590.2 ± 142.2 berries in coffee trees grown at 1,218 m.a.s.l. At the same altitude, one CBB-infested ground berry resulted in 151.5 ± 29.1 infested tree berries during La Niña year and 959.0 ± 89.6 during El Niño year. The CBB infestation was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with altitude ( R 2 = 0.99 and R 2 = −0.96, respectively). This study highlights the importance of careful harvesting practices to prevent berries from falling to the ground, followed by ground sanitation to limit later infestation of the coffee crop.

Worlding resilience in the Doña Juana Volcano-Páramo, Northern Andes (Colombia): A transdisciplinary view - Natalia Pardo; Mónica Lucía Espinosa; Catalina González-Arango; Miguel Angel Cabrera; Susana Salazar; Sonia Archila; Nancy Palacios; Diana Prieto; Ricardo Camacho; Leonardo Parra-Agudelo (Natural Hazards, 2021)

Study of Bacterial Communities in Different Types of Leachates and Their Impact on Solanum lycopersicum Production in Greenhouses - Serrano-Ramírez Rocío del Pilar; Hernández-Guzmán Mario; Ruiz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel; Ruíz-Lau Nancy; Montes-Molina Joaquín Adolfo (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2021)

A First Step for the Molecular Characterization of Neurological Involvement of Behçet Syndrome: an Italian Pivotal Study - Maria Carmela Padula; Pietro Leccese; Nancy Lascaro; Angela Anna Padula; Teresa Carbone; Giuseppe Martelli; Salvatore D’Angelo (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2021)

Business Model Experimentation for the Circular Economy: Definition and Approaches - Nancy M. P. Bocken; Ilka Weissbrod; Maria Antikainen (Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2021)
Business model experimentation has been identified as a key driver for business competitiveness but is underexplored in the sustainability and circular economy spheres. What is business model experimentation for the circular economy? This study follows a two-step approach: a literature analysis followed by a qualitative practitioner study. Based on these, circular business model experimentation is defined as an iterative approach to develop and test circular value propositions in a real-life context with customers and stakeholders, starting with a shared goal. It involves rapid learning based on empirical data to provide evidence on the viability of circular value propositions. Iterations involve increased complexity of experiments. There is a learning focus on initiating wider transitions, such as transforming consumer behaviours for the circular economy. We visualise the emerging research landscape, including research streams from business, transitions, engineering, and design. Practically, we illuminate how practitioners view the concept and current experimentation tools and approaches.

From Sustainable Global Value Chains to Circular Economy—Different Silos, Different Perspectives, but Many Opportunities to Build Bridges - Joerg S. Hofstetter; Valentina De Marchi; Joseph Sarkis; Kannan Govindan; Robert Klassen; Aldo R. Ometto; Katharina S. Spraul; Nancy Bocken; Weslynne S. Ashton; Sanjay Sharma; Melanie Jaeger-Erben; Charlotte Jensen; et al. (Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2021)

Host discrimination of a larval parasitoid: the quick movement of Microplitis demolitor - Shun-ichiro Takano; Nancy A. Schellhorn (BioControl, 2021)

Discovery and Mechanistic Characterization of a Select Modulator of AhR-regulated Transcription (SMAhRT) with Anti-cancer Effects - Edmond Francis O’Donnell; Hyo Sang Jang; Daniel F Liefwalker; Nancy I Kerkvliet; Siva Kumar Kolluri (Apoptosis, 2021)

Anti-inflammatory and sedative activities of Peperomia galioides : in vivo studies in mice - Isabel Wilches; Priscila Jiménez-Castillo; Nancy Cuzco; M. Victoria Clos; Francesc Jiménez-Altayó; Eugenia Peñaherrera; Lourdes Jerves-Andrade; Vladimiro Tobar; Yvan Vander Heyden; Fabián Leon-Tamariz; Elisabet Vila (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Traits and impacts of introduced species: a quantitative review of meta-analyses - Demetrio Boltovskoy; Nancy M. Correa; Lyubov E. Burlakova; Alexander Y. Karatayev; Erik V. Thuesen; Francisco Sylvester; Esteban M. Paolucci (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

In-water and dry-dock hull fouling assessments reveal high risk for regional translocation of nonindigenous species in the southwestern Atlantic - Marco Meloni; Nancy Correa; Fabio Bettini Pitombo; Ignacio Luis Chiesa; Brenda Doti; Rodolfo Elías; Gabriel Genzano; Clara B. Giachetti; Diego Giménez; Juan López-Gappa; Catalina Pastor; Adriane Pereira Wandeness; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Understanding mechanisms in the adsorption of lead and copper ions on chili seed waste in single and multicomponent systems: a combined experimental and computational study - Angélica Forgionny; Nancy Y. Acelas; Raúl Ocampo-Pérez; Erika Padilla-Ortega; Roberto Leyva-Ramos; Elizabeth Flórez (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Bibliometric analysis of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment: global and Ibero-American research trends - Iván F. Macías-Quiroga; Paula A. Henao-Aguirre; Alexander Marín-Flórez; Sandra M. Arredondo-López; Nancy R. Sanabria-González (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

The hidden curve behind COVID-19 outbreak: the impact of delay in treatment initiation in cancer patients and how to mitigate the additional risk of dying—the head and neck cancer model - Leandro L. Matos; Carlos Henrique Q. Forster; Gustavo N. Marta; Gilberto Castro Junior; John A. Ridge; Daisy Hirata; Adalberto Miranda-Filho; Ali Hosny; Alvaro Sanabria; Vincent Gregoire; Snehal G. Patel; Johannes J. Fagan; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2021)

Identification of the Flavobacterium johnsoniae cysteate‐fatty acyl transferase required for capnine synthesis and for efficient gliding motility - Miguel Ángel Vences‐Guzmán; Rafael Peña‐Miller; Nancy Adriana Hidalgo‐Aguilar; Maritza Lorena Vences‐Guzmán; Ziqiang Guan; Christian Sohlenkamp (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Sulfonolipids (SLs) are bacterial lipids that are structurally related to sphingolipids. Synthesis of this group of lipids seems to be mainly restricted to Flavobacterium , Cytophaga and other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes . These lipids have a wide range of biological activities: they can induce multicellularity in choanoflagellates, act as von Willebrand factor receptor antagonists, inhibit DNA polymerase, or function as tumour suppressing agents. In Flavobacterium johnsoniae , their presence seems to be required for efficient gliding motility. Until now, no genes/enzymes involved in SL synthesis have been identified, which has been limiting for the study of some of the biological effects these lipids have. Here, we describe the identification of the cysteate‐fatty acyl transferase Fjoh_2419 required for synthesis of the SL precursor capnine in F . johnsoniae . This enzyme belongs to the α‐oxoamine synthase family similar to serine palmitoyl transferases, 2‐amino‐3‐oxobutyrate coenzyme A ligase and 8‐amino‐7‐oxononanoate synthases. Expression of the gene fjoh_2419 in Escherichia coli caused the formation of a capnine‐derived molecule. Flavobacterium johnsoniae mutants deficient in fjoh_2419 lacked SLs and were more sensitive to many antibiotics. Mutant growth was not affected in liquid medium but the cells exhibited defects in gliding motility.

First record of the mating system in the grey smoothhound shark ( Mustelus californicus ) - Alexis O. Tárula-Marín; Nancy C. Saavedra-Sotelo (Marine Biology Research, 2021)

Challenges of Gauging the Impact of Area-Based Fishery Closures and OECMs: A Case Study Using Long-Standing Canadian Groundfish Closures - Nancy L. Shackell; David M. Keith; Heike K. Lotze (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was established in 1993. Canada is a signatory nation that has adopted, and exceeded, the UN Aichi biodiversity target to protect 10% of coastal and marine areas through marine protected areas or “other effective area-based conservation measures” (OECMs) by 2020. However, the science of OECMs as contributors to biodiversity conservation is relatively young and their definition and efficacy testing continue to evolve. Here, we examine whether areas closed to fishing on the Scotian Shelf in Atlantic Canada, where the groundfish community had collapsed in the early 1990s, have the potential to serve as OECMs for groundfish recovery. Using long-term research survey data, we show that three long-term area-based fishing fleet closures did not enhance per capita population growth rates of the majority of 24 common groundfish species. At a regional scale, 10 out of 24 species are currently at less than 50% of their pre-collapse (1979–1992) biomass, reflecting a sustained diminished productivity, even though fishing mortality has been drastically reduced through a moratorium in 1993. Additional measures are needed to protect severely depleted groundfish, especially when the causes of continued diminished productivity are still largely unresolved. The importance of OECMs as a risk-averse approach toward sustainability is globally accepted and they can be considered a tool toward the overarching UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-14). Our study provides further impetus toward articulating the criteria of OECMs and improving their design, monitoring, and testing, while placing OECMs within the broader context of sustainable ecosystem-based management.

Soil biota suppress maize growth and influence root traits under continuous monoculture - Lin Mao; Yongjun Liu; Jianjun Zhang; Jessica Okerblad; Senyu Chen; Nancy Collins Johnson (Plant and Soil, 2021)

Cannibalism as a potential factor affecting recruitment of the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus - Laura C. Crane; Nancy J. O’Connor (Marine Biology, 2021)

Assessing the Drivers behind the Structure and Diversity of Fish Assemblages Associated with Rocky Shores in the Galapagos Archipelago - Stijn Bruneel; Wout Van Echelpoel; Long Ho; Heleen Raat; Amber Schoeters; Niels De Troyer; Ratha Sor; José Ponton-Cevallos; Ruth Vandeputte; Christine Van der heyden; Nancy De Saeyer; Marie Anne Eurie Forio; et al. (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021)
Oceanic islands harbor unique yet fragile marine ecosystems that require evidence-based environmental management. Among these islands, the Galapagos archipelago is well known for its fish diversity, but the factors that structure communities within and between its islands remain poorly understood. In this study, water quality, physical habitats and geographical distance were assessed as potential predictors for the diversity and structure of fish assemblages. Differences in the structure of fish assemblages of the two studied islands (Santa Cruz and Floreana) were most likely driven by temperature and nutrient concentrations. In the relatively highly populated island Santa Cruz, the structure of fish assemblages was more affected by water conditions than physical habitats while the contrary was true for the more pristine area of Floreana. A wide variety of species with different geographical origins were distributed over the different islands, which indicates that most fish species are able to reach the islands of the archipelago. However, temperature gradients and elevated nutrient levels cause large differences in the structure of local fish assemblages. In addition, in Santa Cruz nutrient concentrations were negatively correlated with α diversity. Since pollution is a clear pressure on the fish assemblages of oceanic islands, environmental management of the coastal areas is of paramount importance.

Early Diagenesis in the Hypoxic and Acidified Zone of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Is Organic Matter Recycling in Sediments Disconnected From the Water Column? - Christophe Rabouille; Bruno Lansard; Shannon M. Owings; Nancy N. Rabalais; Bruno Bombled; Edouard Metzger; Julien Richirt; Eryn M. Eitel; Anthony D. Boever; Jordon S. Beckler; Martial Taillefert (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Hypoxia and associated acidification are growing concerns for ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the coastal zone. The northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) has experienced large seasonal hypoxia for decades linked to the eutrophication of the continental shelf fueled by the Mississippi River nutrient discharge. Sediments play a key role in maintaining hypoxic and acidified bottom waters, but this role is still not completely understood. In the summer 2017, when the surface area of the hypoxic zone in the nGoM was the largest ever recorded, we investigated four stations on the continental shelf differentially influenced by river inputs of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River System and seasonal hypoxia. We investigated diagenetic processes under normoxic, hypoxic, and nearly anoxic bottom waters by coupling amperometric, potentiometric, and voltammetric microprofiling with high-resolution diffusive equilibrium in thin-films (DET) profiles and porewater analyses. In addition, we used a time-series of bottom-water dissolved oxygen from May to November 2017, which indicated intense O 2 consumption in bottom waters related to organic carbon recycling. At the sediment-water interface (SWI), we found that oxygen consumption linked to organic matter recycling was large with diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) of 8 and 14 mmol m –2 d –1 , except when the oxygen concentration was near anoxia (5 mmol m –2 d –1 ). Except at the station located near the Mississippi river outlet, the downcore pore water sulfate concentration decrease was limited, with little increase in alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), ammonium, and phosphate suggesting that low oxygen conditions did not promote anoxic diagenesis as anticipated. We attributed the low anoxic diagenesis intensity to a limitation in organic substrate supply, possibly linked to the reduction of bioturbation during the hypoxic spring and summer.

Comparison of early growth and survivability in indigenous guinea fowls from Northern Ghana - Kurukulasuriya Mariesta Jayaroshini Ahiagbe; Esinam Nancy Amuzu-Aweh; Patrick Bonney; John Kormla Nyameasem; Franklin Kodzo Avornyo; Christopher Adenyo; Kwame Owusu Amoah; Augustine Naazie; Boniface Baboreka Kayang (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021)

Procedural Learning in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - Liselotte De Wit; Michael Marsiske; Deirdre O’Shea; Roy P.C. Kessels; Andrea M. Kurasz; Brittany DeFeis; Nancy Schaefer; Glenn E. Smith (Neuropsychology Review, 2021)
The notion that procedural learning and memory is spared in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has important implications for interventions aiming to build on intact cognitive functions. However, despite these clinical implications, there are mixed findings in the literature about whether or not procedural learning remains intact. This meta-analysis examines the standard mean difference of all published studies regarding procedural learning in AD dementia or amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) compared to cognitively healthy older adults. Additionally, we conducted statistical equivalence analyses. Our systematic review showed that only a limited number of studies ( k = 17) have compared procedural learning between individuals with aMCI or AD dementia and healthy controls. Our meta-analysis, which synthesized these studies, demonstrated that while procedural learning performance was not statistically equivalent between individuals with aMCI or AD dementia, and healthy older adults, the difference was clinically and statistically trivial. Although larger studies are needed, the present findings suggest that procedural learning does appear to remain spared in aMCI and AD dementia.

Relationship Between Genetic Variants of ACAT1 and APOE with the Susceptibility to Dementia (SADEM Study) - Jessica Sarahi Alavez-Rubio; Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez; Jorge Escobedo-de-la-Peña; Osvaldo Garrido-Acosta; Teresa Juárez-Cedillo (Molecular Neurobiology, 2021)

Antifungal Activity of Synthetic Scorpion Venom-Derived Peptide Analogues Against Candida albicans - Sabrina S. Snyder; Jeremy W. Gleaton; Dickson Kirui; Wen Chen; Nancy J. Millenbaugh (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021)
Fungal infections are becoming a serious problem due to their high morbidity and mortality combined with the rise in drug resistance and dearth of new antimycotic drugs. The scorpion venom-derived peptide BmKn2, and its synthetic analogue Kn2–7, were previously observed to have antibacterial activity. These peptides and their d -amino acid analogues (dBmKn2 and dKn2–7) were tested for antifungal activity against drug resistant and clinical isolates of Candida albicans . In planktonic susceptibility studies, dKn2–7 had greater activity than the other three peptides against 6 out of 7 fungal strains, with no apparent correlation between drug resistance and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). Time kill experiments demonstrated that the fungicidal activity of dKn2–7 began within the first hour and killing rates were dose dependent at ≥ 1 × MFC. Against biofilms, the d -analogues were the most effective, while the l -analogues had low efficacy in most strains even at 10 times the planktonic MFC. Stability testing suggests that this increased efficacy of the d -analogues may be due to increased resistance to protease degradation compared to the l -analogues. Peptides were also assessed for mammalian cell toxicity. BmKn2 and dBmKn2 induced significant hemolysis at levels similar to their MFCs, whereas Kn2–7 and dKn2–7 caused hemolysis at 4–16 times their MFCs. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for dKn2–7 against murine fibroblasts was greater than or equal to the planktonic MFCs and biofilm IC 50 s for dKn2–7 in all C. albicans strains tested. These results support the potential for dKn2–7 to be further investigated as a novel antifungal therapeutic.

Mercury and selenium concentrations in the crab Callinectes arcuatus from three coastal lagoons of NW Mexico - Carolina Guadalupe Delgado-Alvarez; Jorge Ruelas-Inzunza; Carmen Cristina Osuna-Martínez; Magdalena Elizabeth Bergés-Tiznado; Ofelia Escobar-Sánchez; Pedro Octavio Ocampo-Rodríguez; Karen Lizbeth Soto-Romero; Nancy Lorena Garzón-Raygoza; Marisela Aguilar-Júarez; José Isidro Osuna-López; Martín Frías-Espericueta (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Relationship Between Age and Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Breath Holding: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study - Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran; Katherine Ji; Donna Y. Chen; Nancy D. Chiaravalloti; Haijing Niu; Tara L. Alvarez; Bharat B. Biswal (Brain Topography, 2021)

Dose-independent genotoxic response in A549 cell line exposed to fungicide Iprodione - Nancy B. Andrioli; Gabriela Chaufan (Archives of Toxicology, 2021)

Chemical signals driving bacterial–fungal interactions - Saima Khalid; Nancy P. Keller (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Microorganisms reside in diverse environmental communities where interactions become indispensable due to close physical associations. These interactions are driven by chemical communication among different microbial kingdoms, particularly between fungi and bacteria. Knowledge about these communication signals provides useful information about the nature of microbial interactions and allows predictions of community development in diverse environments. Here, we provide an update on the role of small signalling molecules in fungal–bacterial interactions with focus on agricultural and medicinal environments. This review highlights the range of – and response to – diverse biochemicals produced by both kingdoms with view to harnessing their properties towards drug discovery applications.

Sulfide alters microbial functional potential in a methane and nitrogen cycling biofilm reactor - Jeseth Delgado Vela; Laura A. Bristow; Hannah K. Marchant; Nancy G. Love; Gregory J. Dick (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Cross‐feeding of metabolites between coexisting cells leads to complex and interconnected elemental cycling and microbial interactions. These relationships influence overall community function and can be altered by changes in substrate availability. Here, we used isotopic rate measurements and metagenomic sequencing to study how cross‐feeding relationships changed in response to stepwise increases of sulfide concentrations in a membrane‐aerated biofilm reactor that was fed with methane and ammonium. Results showed that sulfide: (i) decreased nitrite oxidation rates but increased ammonia oxidation rates; (ii) changed the denitrifying community and increased nitrous oxide production; and (iii) induced dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA). We infer that inhibition of nitrite oxidation resulted in higher nitrite availability for DNRA, anammox, and nitrite‐dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. In other words, sulfide likely disrupted microbial cross‐feeding between AOB and NOB and induced cross‐feeding between AOB and nitrite reducing organisms. Furthermore, these cross‐feeding relationships were spatially distributed between biofilm and planktonic phases of the reactor. These results indicate that using sulfide as an electron donor will promote N 2 O and ammonium production, which is generally not desirable in engineered systems.

Bioguided isolation of N -malonyl-(+) - tryptophan from the fruit of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. that showed high activity against Hymenolepis nana - Gabriela López-Angulo; Sara Elizabeth Verdugo-Gaxiola; Julio Montes-Avila; Sylvia Páz Díaz-Camacho; Valentín Miranda-Soto; Nancy Yareli Salazar-Salas; Francisco Delgado-Vargas (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Responder Needs Addressed by Arctic Maritime Oil Spill Modeling - Jessica Manning; Megan Verfaillie; Christopher Barker; Catherine Berg; Amy MacFadyen; Michael Donnellan; Mark Everett; Clifton Graham; Jason Roe; Nancy Kinner (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021)
There is a greater probability of more frequent and/or larger oil spills in the Arctic region due to increased maritime shipping and natural resource development. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for effective spilled-oil computer modeling to help emergency oil spill response decision makers, especially in waters where sea ice is present. The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Response & Restoration (OR&R) provides scientific support to the U.S. Coast Guard Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) during oil spill response. OR&R’s modeling products must provide adequate spill trajectory predictions so that response efforts minimize economic, cultural, and ecologic impacts, including those to species, habitats, and food supplies. The Coastal Response Research Center is conducting a project entitled Oil Spill Modeling for Improved Response to Arctic Maritime Spills: The Path Forward, in conjunction with modelers, responders, and researchers. A goal of the project is to prioritize new investments in model and tool development to improve response effectiveness in the Arctic. The project delineated FOSC needs during Arctic maritime spill response and provided a solution communicating sources of uncertainty in model outputs using a Confidence Estimates of Oil Model Inputs and Outputs (CEOMIO) table. The table shows the level of confidence (high, medium, low) in a model’s trajectory prediction over scenario-specific time intervals and the contribution of different component inputs (e.g., temperature, wind, ice) to that result.

Recovery of Fuels Using the Supramolecular Gelation Ability of a Hydroxybenzoic Acid Bisamide Derivative - Samuel Zapién-Castillo; Jorge Jesús Montes-Patiño; Josué Francisco Pérez-Sánchez; Jessica Ismalé Lozano-Navarro; José Aarón Melo-Banda; Philippe J. Mésini; Nancy Patricia Díaz-Zavala (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021)

Allelic response of yield component traits to resource availability in spring wheat - Brittney H. Jones; Nancy K. Blake; Hwa-Young Heo; John M. Martin; Jessica A. Torrion; Luther E. Talbert (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021)

Zebrafish Larvae Carrying a Splice Variant Mutation in cacna1d: A New Model for Schizophrenia-Like Behaviours? - Nancy Saana Banono; Kinga Gawel; Linus De Witte; Camila V. Esguerra (Molecular Neurobiology, 2021)
Persons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1D gene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. The molecular consequences of SNPs on gene expression and protein function are not well understood. Thus, the use of animal models to determine genotype-phenotype correlations is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish carrying an essential splice site mutation ( sa17298 ) in cacna1da . Heterozygous mutation resulted in 50% reduction of splice variants 201 and 202 (haploinsufficiency), while homozygosity increased transcript levels of variant 201 above wild type (WT; gain-of-function, GOF). Due to low homozygote viability, we focused primarily on performing the phenotypic analysis on heterozygotes. Indeed, cacna1da sa17298/WT larvae displayed hyperlocomotion—a behaviour characterised in zebrafish as a surrogate phenotype for epilepsy, anxiety or psychosis-like behaviour. Follow-up tests ruled out anxiety or seizures, however, as neither thigmotaxis defects nor epileptiform-like discharges in larval brains were observed. We therefore focused on testing for potential “psychosis-like” behaviour by assaying cacna1da sa17298/WT larval locomotor activity under constant light, during light-dark transition and in startle response to dark flashes. Furthermore, exposure of larvae to the antipsychotics, risperidone and haloperidol reversed cacna1da -induced hyperactivity to WT levels while valproate decreased but did not reverse hyperactivity. Together, these findings demonstrate that cacna1da haploinsufficiency induces behaviours in larval zebrafish analogous to those observed in rodent models of psychosis. Future studies on homozygous mutants will determine how cacna1d GOF alters behaviour in this context.

Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae BAGM01 Producing a Thermostable and Alkaline-Tolerant Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant from the Gulf of Mexico - Nidya Fabiola Curiel-Maciel; Fernando Martínez-Morales; Alexei Fedorovish Licea-Navarro; Brandt Bertrand; A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama; Nashbly Sarela Rosas-Galván; Daniel Morales-Guzmán; Nancy Rivera-Gómez; Rosa Maria Gutiérrez-Ríos; María R. Trejo-Hernández (Marine Biotechnology, 2021)

Practical challenges to the clinical implementation of saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection - Nancy Matic; Aleksandra Stefanovic; Victor Leung; Tanya Lawson; Gordon Ritchie; Lynne Li; Sylvie Champagne; Marc G. Romney; Christopher F. Lowe (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021)

Neue Klasse von Methyltransferasen mit Zyklisierungsaktivität - Birgit Piechulla; Nancy Magnus; Marie Chantal Lemfack; Stephan Von Reuss (BIOspektrum, 2021)
Microorganisms release small volatile metabolites with unique structures, e. g. the polymethylated homosesquiterpene sodorifen from Serratia plymuthica . Two unusual enzymes with novel features are involved in its biosynthesis, a C -methyltransferase with cyclization activity and a terpene synthase that accepts a non-canonical monocyclic C 16 substrate. The novel class of methyltransferases represents an alternative route that enlarges terpene diversity.

Evidence from two cohorts for the frailty syndrome as an emergent state of parallel dysregulation in multiple physiological systems - Ahmed Ghachem; Linda P. Fried; Véronique Legault; Karen Bandeen-Roche; Nancy Presse; Pierrette Gaudreau; Alan A. Cohen (Biogerontology, 2021)

Plant species surplus in recent peri-urban forests: the role of forest connectivity, species’ habitat requirements and dispersal types - Elena Tello-García; Nancy Gamboa-Badilla; Enrique Álvarez; Laura Fuentes; Corina Basnou; Josep Maria Espelta; Joan Pino (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2021)

Strategic National Urban Forest Inventory for the United States - Christopher B Edgar; David J Nowak; Mark A Majewsky; Tonya W Lister; James A Westfall; Nancy F Sonti (Journal of Forestry, 2021)
In response to the strategic plan required by the Agricultural Act of 2014, the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is initiating a strategic inventory of the nation’s urban forests. The inventory is designed to provide timely and credible data on urban forests, thereby meeting an expanding need for information on trees located in communities where more than 80% of people live. The program monitors the status and trends of trees in urban settings (i.e., urban forests), enabling assessment of their composition and structure, ecosystem services and values, health, and risk from pests and disease. At full implementation with funding, resources, and partnerships in place, the program as designed would provide annual updates of urban forest conditions on approximately 68 million acres of land and for 100 of the most populous cities in the United States. The traditional forestland inventory of FIA continues and is complemented by the new urban inventory providing the means for a more complete assessment of the tree and forest resources across the United States.

The caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene SNP replacement in Russet Burbank potato variety enhances late blight resistance through cell wall reinforcement - Niranjan Hegde; Sripad Joshi; Nancy Soni; Ajjamada C. Kushalappa (Plant Cell Reports, 2021)

Exposure levels to PM2.5 and black carbon for people with disabilities in rural homes of Colombia - Leonel Alexander Martínez Vallejo; Mario Andrés Hernández Pardo; John Alexander Benavides Piracón; Luis Carlos Belalcázar Cerón; Nancy Jeanet Molina Achury (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Recycling of used lubricating oil by solvent extraction: experimental results, Aspen Plus simulation and feasibility study - Nancy Zgheib; Hosni Takache (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2021)

How many are left? Density and population size of the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow across central Mexico - Rubén Ortega-Álvarez; Rafael Calderón-Parra; Ulises Martínez Molina; Fredy Martínez Molina; Gabriel Martínez Molina; Yuridia Martínez Molina; Agustín Martínez Villagrán; Josué Daniel Martínez Freire; Rocío Vásquez Robles; Delfino García Loaeza; Jaciel Martínez García; Sarai García Loaeza; et al. (Journal of Ornithology, 2021)

Pheromonal communication in urodelan amphibians - Sarah K. Woodley; Nancy L. Staub (Cell and Tissue Research, 2021)

Are we ready to track climate‐driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? ‐ A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data - Aurore A. Maureaud; Romain Frelat; Laurène Pécuchet; Nancy Shackell; Bastien Mérigot; Malin L. Pinsky; Kofi Amador; Sean C. Anderson; Alexander Arkhipkin; Arnaud Auber; Iça Barri; Richard J. Bell; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio‐temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate‐driven ocean changes.

A review of Arthrocnemum (Arthrocaulon) macrostachyum chemical content and bioactivity - Nancy A. ElNaker; Ahmed F. Yousef; Lina F. Yousef (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2020)

Correction to: Early Cardiovascular Risk in E-Cigarette Users: the Potential Role of Metals - Ana Navas-Acien; Irene Martinez-Morata; Markus Hilpert; Ana Rule; Daichi Shimbo; Nancy J. LoIacono (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2020)

Early Cardiovascular Risk in E-cigarette Users: the Potential Role of Metals - Ana Navas-Acien; Irene Martinez-Morata; Markus Hilpert; Ana Rule; Daichi Shimbo; Nancy J. LoIacono (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2020)

Correction to: A climate change indicator framework for rangelands and pastures of the USA - Dennis S. Ojima; Rebecca Aicher; Steven R. Archer; Derek W. Bailey; Susan M. Casby-Horton; Nancy Cavallaro; Julian J. Reyes; John A. Tanaka; Robert A. Washington-Allen (Climatic Change, 2020)

A climate change indicator framework for rangelands and pastures of the USA - Dennis S. Ojima; Rebecca Aicher; Steven R. Archer; Derek W. Bailey; Susan M. Casby-Horton; Nancy Cavallaro; Julian J. Reyes; John A. Tanaka; Robert A. Washington-Allen (Climatic Change, 2020)

No benefit of hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in non-critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - Klinger Soares Faíco-Filho; Danielle Dias Conte; Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna; Joseane Mayara Almeida Carvalho; Ana Helena Sitta Perosa; Nancy Bellei (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2020)

Exploring the factors involved in the absence of parasitism of Chaetosiphon fragaefolii by generalist parasitoids in strawberry - Natalia Francesena; Joel D. Arneodo; Margarita Rocca; Nancy M. Greco (BioControl, 2020)

New forest biomass carbon stock estimates in Northeast Asia based on multisource data - Weixue Luo; Hyun Seok Kim; Xiuhai Zhao; Daun Ryu; Ilbin Jung; Hyunkook Cho; Nancy Harris; Sayon Ghosh; Chunyu Zhang; Jingjing Liang (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Forests play an important role in both regional and global C cycles. However, the spatial patterns of biomass C density and underlying factors in Northeast Asia remain unclear. Here, we characterized spatial patterns and important drivers of biomass C density for Northeast Asia, based on multisource data from in situ forest inventories, as well as remote sensing, bioclimatic, topographic, and human footprint data. We derived, for the first time, high‐resolution (1 km × 1 km) maps of the current and future forest biomass C density for this region. Based on these maps, we estimated that current biomass C stock in northeastern China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and Republic of Korea to be 2.53, 0.40, and 0.35 Pg C, respectively. Biomass C stock in Northeast Asia has increased by 20%–46% over the past 20 years, of which 40%–76% was contributed by planted forests. We estimated the biomass C stock in 2080 to be 6.13 and 6.50 Pg C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, which exceeded the present region‐wide C stock value by 2.85–3.22 Pg C, and were 8%–14% higher than the baseline C stock value (5.70 Pg C). The spatial patterns of biomass C densities were found to vary greatly across the Northeast Asia, and largely decided by mean diameter at breast height, dominant height, elevation, and human footprint. Our results suggest that reforestation and forest conservation in Northeast Asia have effectively expanded the size of the carbon sink in the region, and sustainable forest management practices such as precision forestry and close forest monitoring for fire and insect outbreaks would be important to maintain and improve this critical carbon sink for Northeast Asia.

Characterizing Peatland Microtopography Using Gradient and Microform-Based Approaches - Jake D. Graham; Nancy F. Glenn; Lucas P. Spaete; Paul J. Hanson (Ecosystems, 2020)
Peatlands represent an important component of the global carbon cycle, storing 180–621 Gt of carbon (C). Small-scale spatial variations in elevation, frequently referred to as microtopography, influence ecological processes associated with the peatland C cycle, including Sphagnum photosynthesis and methane flux. Microtopography can be characterized with measures of topographic variability and by using conceptual classes (microforms) linked to function: most commonly hummocks and hollows. However, the criteria used to define these conceptual classes are often poorly described, if at all, and vary between studies. Such inconsistencies compel development of explicit quantitative methods to classify microforms. Furthermore, gradient-based characterizations that describe spatial variability without the use of microforms are lacking in the literature. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) calculate peatland microtopographical elevation gradients and measures of spatial variability, (2) develop three microform classification methods intended for specific purposes, and (3) evaluate and contrast classification methods. Our results suggest that at spatial scales much larger than microforms, elevation distributions are unimodal and are well approximated with parametric probability density functions. Results from classifications were variable between methods and years and exhibited significant differences in mean hollow areal coverages of a raised ombrotrophic bog. Our results suggest that the conceptualization and classification of microforms can significantly influence microtopographic structural metrics. The three explicit methods for microform classification described here may be used and built upon for future applications.

The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Processing Speed Deficits in Individuals Who Have Sustained a Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study - Glenn R. Wylie; Nancy D. Chiaravalloti; Erica Weber; Helen M. Genova; Trevor A. Dyson-Hudson; Jill M. Wecht (Brain Topography, 2020)

Dimensions of amphibian alpha diversity in the New World - Leticia M. Ochoa‐Ochoa; Nancy R. Mejía‐Domínguez; Julián A. Velasco; Dimitar Dimitrov; Katharine A. Marske (Journal of Biogeography, 2020)
Aim The links between taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and how these vary geographically are key to understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped communities at regional and local scales. Here, we evaluate the links between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity for the amphibians in the Continental Americas and how these vary geographically under an explicit hypothesis testing framework. Location Continental Americas. Taxon Amphibia. Methods We identify spatial disparities between biodiversity dimensions (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) using geographically weighted regressions. Based on these mismatches we examined whether different eco‐evolutionary processes would fit (competitive exclusion, habitat filtering, available ecological space, strong biotic interactions, speciation rates, and dispersion). Results We found extensive variation in spatial mismatches between the three dimensions of biodiversity examined here. In general, at higher latitudes, we detected relatively little phylogenetic diversity, suggesting rapid functional diversification from temperate clades. In contrast, at low latitudes, environmental filtering mechanisms appear to be restricting functional diversity. Main conclusions The geographical mismatches between dimensions of diversity suggest different eco‐evolutionary causes. Patterns of diversification across amphibian lineages demonstrate how different environments can have contrasting effects on the different dimensions of diversity, potentially leading to decoupling. Neither dimension of alpha diversity of amphibians is a general predictor for another, and thus, general explanations for amphibian diversity and evolution should be avoided. Nonetheless, these dimensions can provide critical insights about conservation measures that explicitly emphasize evolutionary history, functionality or classic species richness.

Identification of metabolites present in Opuntia callus and study of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic properties - Nancy Gabriela Camarena-Rangel; Marilena Antunes-Ricardo; Janet Gutiérrez-Uribe; Aida Jimena Velarde-Salcedo; Ana Paulina Barba-de la Rosa; María del Socorro Santos-Díaz (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2020)

Case–Case Comparison of Candida auris Versus Other Candida Species Bloodstream Infections: Results of an Outbreak Investigation in Colombia - Diego H. Caceres; Sandra M. Rivera; Paige A. Armstrong; Patricia Escandon; Nancy A. Chow; Maria Victoria Ovalle; Jorge Díaz; Gordana Derado; Soraya Salcedo; Indira Berrio; Andres Espinosa-Bode; Carmen Varón; et al. (Mycopathologia, 2020)

Long-term monitoring of mercury in adult saltmarsh sparrows breeding in Maine, Massachusetts and New York, USA 2000–2017 - Oksana Lane; Evan M. Adams; Nancy Pau; Kathleen M. O’Brien; Kevin Regan; Michael Farina; Tara Schneider-Moran; John Zarudsky (Ecotoxicology, 2020)

Biological invasions in World Heritage Sites: current status and a proposed monitoring and reporting framework - Ross T. Shackleton; Bastian Bertzky; Louisa E. Wood; Nancy Bunbury; Heinke Jäger; Remco van Merm; Christian Sevilla; Kevin Smith; John R. U. Wilson; Arne B. R. Witt; David M. Richardson (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020)
UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) are areas of outstanding universal value and conservation importance. They are, however, threatened by a variety of global change drivers, including biological invasions. We assessed the current status of biological invasions and their management in 241 natural and mixed WHS globally by reviewing documents collated by UNESCO and IUCN. We found that reports on the status of biological invasions in WHS were often irregular or inconsistent. Therefore, while some reports were very informative, they were hard to compare because no systematic method of reporting was followed. Our review revealed that almost 300 different invasive alien species (IAS) were considered as a threat to just over half of all WHS. Information on IAS management undertaken in WHS was available for fewer than half of the sites that listed IAS as a threat. There is clearly a need for an improved monitoring and reporting system for biological invasions in WHS and likely the same for other protected areas globally. To address this issue, we developed a new framework to guide monitoring and reporting of IAS in protected areas building on globally accepted standards for IAS assessments, and tested it on seven WHS. The framework requires the collation of information and reporting on pathways, alien species presence, impacts, and management, the estimation of future threats and management needs, assessments of knowledge and gaps, and, using all of this information allows for an overall threat score to be assigned to the protected area. This new framework should help to improve monitoring of IAS in protected areas moving forward.

Changing Physical Conditions and Lower and Upper Trophic Level Responses on the US Northeast Shelf - Kevin D. Friedland; Ryan E. Morse; Nancy Shackell; Jamie C. Tam; Janelle L. Morano; John R. Moisan; Damian C. Brady (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Marker association study of yield attributing traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) - Nancy Gupta; Sajad Majeed Zargar; Ravinder Singh; Muslima Nazir; Reetika Mahajan; R. K. Salgotra (Molecular Biology Reports, 2020)

Assessment of drivers of forest changes using multi-temporal analysis and boosted regression trees model: a case study of Nyeri County, Central Region of Kenya - Nancy Mwangi; Hunja Waithaka; Charles Mundia; Mwangi Kinyanjui; Felix Mutua (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2020)

Full genome sequence of the first SARS-CoV-2 detected in Mexico - Fabiola Garcés-Ayala; Adnan Araiza-Rodríguez; Edgar Mendieta-Condado; Abril Paulina Rodríguez-Maldonado; Claudia Wong-Arámbula; Magaly Landa-Flores; Juan Carlos del Mazo-López; Maribel González-Villa; Noé Escobar-Escamilla; David Esaú Fragoso-Fonseca; María del Carmen Esteban-Valencia; Lourdes Lloret-Sánchez; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2020)

Crown width models for woody plant species growing in urban areas of the U.S. - James A. Westfall; David J. Nowak; Jason G. Henning; Tonya W. Lister; Christopher B. Edgar; Mark A. Majewsky; Nancy F. Sonti (Urban Ecosystems, 2020)

PPARγ activation by pioglitazone does not suppress cravings for alcohol, and is associated with a risk of myopathy in treatment seeking alcohol dependent patients: a randomized controlled proof of principle study - Melanie L. Schwandt; Nancy Diazgranados; John C. Umhau; Laura E. Kwako; David T. George; Markus Heilig (Psychopharmacology, 2020)

Association of genetic variants of ABCA1 with susceptibility to dementia: (SADEM study) - Juárez-Cedillo Teresa; Calzada Fernado; Martínez-Rodríguez Nancy; Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto; Cruz-Rocha Alberto; Robles-Ramirez Roberto (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2020)

Genotoxicity evaluation using micronucleus test in Rattus norvegicus captured in urban ecosystems of Buenos Aires, Argentina - Mariel Alejandra Tripodi; Nancy Beatriz Andrioli; Olga Virginia Suárez (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Synthetic biology approaches to dissecting linear motor protein function: towards the design and synthesis of artificial autonomous protein walkers - Heiner Linke; Birte Höcker; Ken’ya Furuta; Nancy R. Forde; Paul M. G. Curmi (Biophysical Reviews, 2020)

Discovery of sultam-containing small-molecule disruptors of the huntingtin–calmodulin protein–protein interaction - Nicholas J. Klus; Khushboo Kapadia; Peter McDonald; Anuradha Roy; Kevin J. Frankowski; Nancy A. Muma; Jeffrey Aubé (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2020)

Gene-environment regulation of chamber-specific maturation during hypoxemic perinatal circulatory transition - Yan Zhao; Xuedong Kang; Alexander Barsegian; Jian He; Alejandra Guzman; Ryan P. Lau; Reshma Biniwale; Madhuri Wadhra; Brian Reemtsen; Meena Garg; Nancy Halnon; Fabiola Quintero-Rivera; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2020)

Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 as complementary treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut microbiome - Paúl A. Cárdenas; Daniela Garcés; Belén Prado-Vivar; Nancy Flores; Marco Fornasini; Henry Cohen; Iván Salvador; Oswaldo Cargua; Manuel E. Baldeón (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2020)

Microbial community types and signature-like soil bacterial patterns from fortified prehistoric hills of Thuringia (Germany) - J. Michael Köhler; Nancy Beetz; P. Mike Günther; Frances Möller; Tim Schüler; Jialan Cao (Community Ecology, 2020)
16S rRNA profiling has been applied for the investigation of bacterial communities of surface soil samples from forest-covered areas of ten prehistorical ramparts from different parts of Thuringia. Besides the majority bacterial types that are present in all samples, there could be identified bacteria that are highly abundant in some places and absent or low abundant in others. These differences are mainly related to the acidity of substrate and distinguish the communities of lime stone hills from soils of sand/quartzite and basalt hills. Minority components of bacterial communities show partially large differences that cannot be explained by the pH of the soil or incidental effects, only. They reflect certain relations between the communities of different places and could be regarded as a kind of signature-like patterns. Such relations had also been found in a comparison of the data from ramparts with formerly studied 16S rRNA profiling from an iron-age burial field. The observations are supporting the idea that a part of the components of bacterial communities from soil samples reflect their ecological history and can be understood as the “ecological memory” of a place. Probably such memory effects can date back to prehistoric times and might assist in future interpretations of archaeological findings on the prehistoric use of a place, on the one hand. On the other hand, the genetic profiling of soils of prehistoric places contributes to the evaluation of anthropogenic effects on the development of local soil bacterial diversity.

Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer Position statement on multigene panel testing for patients with colorectal cancer and/or polyposis - Brandie Heald; Heather Hampel; James Church; Beth Dudley; Michael J. Hall; Maureen E. Mork; Aparajita Singh; Elena Stoffel; Jessica Stoll; Y. Nancy You; Matthew B. Yurgelun; Sonia S. Kupfer (Familial Cancer, 2020)

Polarity- and Intensity-Independent Modulation of Timing During Delay Eyeblink Conditioning Using Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - Jessica Mitroi; Leah P. Burroughs; Alexandra B. Moussa-Tooks; Amanda R. Bolbecker; Nancy B. Lundin; Brian F. O’Donnell; William P. Hetrick (The Cerebellum, 2020)

“You relied on God and your neighbour to get through it”: social capital and climate change adaptation in the rural Canadian Prairies - Amber J. Fletcher; Nancy Sah Akwen; Margot Hurlbert; Harry P. Diaz (Regional Environmental Change, 2020)
Social capital is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of adaptive capacity to climate change. Beyond formal adaptation infrastructure like insurance and public disaster support programmes, it can be difficult to identify the role that informal social capital—such as relationships, trust, and mutual support between community members—plays in climate adaptation. Drawing on a multi-site qualitative study in the Canadian Prairie region, this paper examines how three forms of social capital (bonding, bridging, and linking) shape rural communities’ adaptation to climate extremes. Based on in-depth interviews with 163 community members, the findings demonstrate how social capital contributes to adaptive capacity, particularly in rural areas where more formal supports may be absent or lacking. We examine how social capital is affected by existing socio-economic sensitivities, such as rural depopulation, which can reduce informal social capital while simultaneously increasing people’s dependence on it. The findings indicate the strengths and limitations of bonding and bridging social capital, particularly in the face of future climate extremes that may exceed local adaptive capacity. Further, we find that informal social capital may also reinforce gender inequality, exclusion, and inter-group differences, indicating its limitations for socially inclusive adaptation. Addressing these structural factors can help communities move past coping and toward long-term adaptation. In the face of increasing climate risks, our findings suggest the importance of public supports that are attentive to local strengths, gaps, and social relations.

Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19 - Nancy Baker; Antony J. Williams; Alexander Tropsha; Sean Ekins (Pharmaceutical Research, 2020)

Interactions Between Physical Template and Self-organization Shape Plant Dynamics in a Stream Ecosystem - Xiaoli Dong; Nancy B. Grimm; James B. Heffernan; Rachata Muneepeerakul (Ecosystems, 2020)

Genetic structure and diversity of Australian freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) from the Kimberley, Western Australia - Rui Cao; Ruchira Somaweera; Katherine Brittain; Nancy N. FitzSimmons; Arthur Georges; Jaime Gongora (Conservation Genetics, 2020)

Skeletal congenital abnormalities induced by nickel chloride hexahydrate on Balb/C albino mice embryos during organogenetic period - Nancy Mohamed Aly El-Sekily; Ahmed El-Saeed Abou El-Fetouh Ayad; Nesrine Mostafa El-Homosany; Amal Abd El-Monsef Abou Elmagd (Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2020)

Adoption of an improved fallow practice using Acacia auriculiformis on the Batéké Plateau in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Étienne Yusufu Kachaka; Alison D. Munson; Nancy Gélinas; Damase Khasa (Agroforestry Systems, 2020)

Optimizing soil nitrogen balance in a potato cropping system through legume intercropping - Shadrack O. Nyawade; Nancy N. Karanja; Charles K. K. Gachene; Harun I. Gitari; Elmar Schulte-Geldermann; Monica Parker (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2020)
Negative nitrogen balance represents a major factor causing low potato yield in potato growing areas of Kenya while its excessive surplus poses a significant environmental concern. In order to synchronize this tradeoff, a field trial integrating potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) with lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus L.) and dolichos ( Lablab purpureus L.) in intercropping system was conducted in the upper midland [1552 m above sea level (masl), lower highland (1894 masl) and upper highland (2552 masl)] agro-ecological zones of Kenya. Nitrogen gains from mineralization, fertilization, biological fixation, and outputs from biomass accumulation, leaching, volatilization and soil erosion were quantified using standard procedures. Soil N balance ranged from − 10.7 to − 18.1 kg N ha −1 for sole potato, 4.1 to 6.6 kg N ha −1 for intercropping and 2.9 to 22.3 kg N ha −1 for sole legumes. The intermediate range of polyphenol and lignin contents in intercropping enhanced N mineralization with peak N release of 8 to 9 kg N ha −1 matching with peak N uptake by potato (19.9 to 31.2 kg N ha −1 ). Nitrate was leached below the active root zone in sole potato cropping (4.2 to 46.6 kg N ha −1 ), a process that was diverged by the deep root systems of legume intercrops. These results suggest that legume intercropping can provide a means of balancing the nitrogen retained in the biomass and soil, thus offering a mechanism for optimizing the soil N balance in smallholder potato farming systems.

Agonist-specific desensitization of PGE2-stimulated cAMP signaling due to upregulated phosphodiesterase expression in human lung fibroblasts - Francisco J. Nunez; Nancy A. Schulte; David M. Fogel; Joel Michalski; Stephen I. Rennard; Raymond B. Penn; Myron L. Toews; Rennolds S Ostrom (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2020)
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by fibroblasts persisting in an activated form, producing excessive fibrous material that destroys alveolar structure. The second messenger molecule cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has antifibrotic properties, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) can stimulate cAMP production through prostaglandin E (EP) 2 and EP 4 receptors. Although EP receptors are attractive therapeutic targets, the effects of long-term exposure to PGE 2 have not been characterized. To determine the effects of long-term exposure of lung fibroblasts to PGE 2 , human fetal lung (HFL)-1 cells were treated for 24 h with 100 nM PGE 2 or other cAMP-elevating agents. cAMP levels stimulated by acute exposure to PGE 2 were measured using a fluorescent biosensor. Pretreatment for 24 h with PGE 2 shifted the concentration-response curve to PGE 2 rightward by approximately 22-fold but did not affect responses to the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. Neither isoproterenol nor forskolin pretreatment altered PGE 2 responses, implying that other cAMP-elevating agents do not induce desensitization. Use of EP 2 - and EP 4 -selective agonists and antagonists suggested that PGE 2 -stimulated cAMP responses in HFL-1 cells are mediated by EP 2 receptors. EP 2 receptors are resistant to classical mechanisms of agonist-specific receptor desensitization, so we hypothesized that increased PDE activity mediates the loss of signaling after PGE 2 pretreatment. PGE 2 treatment upregulated messenger RNA for PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE4B, and PDE4D and increased overall PDE activity. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram partially reversed PGE 2 -mediated desensitization and PDE4 activity was increased, but rolipram did not alter responses to isoproterenol. The PDE3 inhibitor cilostazol had minimal effect. These results show that long-term exposure to PGE 2 causes agonist-specific desensitization of EP 2 receptor-stimulated cAMP signaling through the increased expression of PDE isozymes, most likely of the PDE4 family.

Mutation in histone deacetylase clr6 promotes the survival of S. pombe cds1 null mutant in response to hydroxyurea - Saman Khan; Nafees Ahamad; Lalita Panigrahi; Nancy Walworth; Shakil Ahmed (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2020)

Effects of Mississippi River water on phytoplankton growth and composition in the upper Barataria estuary, Louisiana - Ling Ren; Nancy N. Rabalais; R. Eugene Turner (Hydrobiologia, 2020)
Diversion of river waters to adjacent estuaries may occur during wetland restoration, navigation channel development, or storms. We proposed that diversions of nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched waters from the river to estuarine waters would result in increased phytoplankton biomass and shifts to noxious or harmful algal blooms. We tested this hypothesis by conducting four seasonal microcosm experiments in which Mississippi River water was mixed at different volume ratios with ambient estuarine waters of three lakes in the upper Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA. These lakes included two brackish lakes that were in the path of diverted Mississippi River water, and a freshwater lake that was not. The results from the 3- to 8-day experiments yielded a predictable increase in phytoplankton biomass related to nutrient additions from Mississippi River water. The subsequent decreases in the dissolved nitrate + nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus, and silicate concentrations explained 76 to 86% of the increase in chlorophyll a concentrations in the microcosms. Our experiments showed that cyanobacteria can successfully compete with diatoms for N and P resources even under non-limiting Si conditions and that toxic cyanobacteria densities can increase to bloom levels with increased Mississippi River water inputs to ambient waters in the microcosms. Diversions of Mississippi River into adjacent estuarine waters should be considered in relation to expected and, possibly, unexpected changes in phytoplankton communities to the receiving waters and coastal ecosystems.

Heterogeneous genetic invasions of three insecticide resistance mutations in Indo‐Pacific populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) - Nancy M. Endersby‐Harshman; Thomas L. Schmidt; Jessica Chung; Anthony van Rooyen; Andrew R. Weeks; Ary A. Hoffmann (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Nations throughout the Indo‐Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti , the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene ( Vssc ) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target‐site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having a potential additive effect. Of 27 possible genotypes involving these mutations, some allelic combinations are never seen whereas others predominate. Here, five allelic combinations common in Ae. aegypti from the Indo‐Pacific region are described and their geographical distributions investigated using genome‐wide SNP markers. We tested the hypothesis that resistance allele combinations evolved de novo in populations versus the alternative that dispersal of Ae. aegypti between populations facilitated genetic invasions of allele combinations. We used latent factor mixed‐models to detect SNPs throughout the genome that showed structuring in line with resistance allele combinations and compared variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene with genome‐wide variation. Mixed‐models detected an array of SNPs linked to resistance allele combinations, all located within or in close proximity to the Vssc gene. Variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene was structured by resistance profile, whereas genome‐wide SNPs were structured by population. These results demonstrate that alleles near to resistance mutations have been transferred between populations via linked selection. This indicates that genetic invasions have contributed to the widespread occurrence of Vssc allele combinations in Ae. aegypti in the Indo‐Pacific region, pointing to undocumented mosquito invasions between countries.

The rise of a marine generalist predator and the fall of beta diversity - Kari E. Ellingsen; Nigel G. Yoccoz; Torkild Tveraa; Kenneth T. Frank; Edda Johannesen; Marti J. Anderson; Andrey V. Dolgov; Nancy L. Shackell (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Determining the importance of physical and biological drivers in shaping biodiversity in diverse ecosystems remains a global challenge. Advancements have been made towards this end in large marine ecosystems with several studies suggesting environmental forcing as the primary driver. However, both empirical and theoretical studies point to additional drivers of changes in diversity involving trophic interactions and, in particular, predation. Moreover, a more integrated but less common approach to the assessment of biodiversity changes involves analyses of spatial β diversity, whereas most studies to date assess only changes in species richness (α diversity). Recent research has established that when cod, a dominant generalist predator, was overfished and collapsed in a northwest Atlantic food web, spatial β diversity increased; that is, the spatial structure of the fish assemblage became increasingly heterogeneous. If cod were to recover, would this situation be reversible, given the inherent complexity and non‐linear dynamics that typify such systems? A dramatic increase of cod in an ecologically similar large marine ecosystem may provide an answer. Here we show that spatial β diversity of fish assemblages in the Barents Sea decreased with increasing cod abundance, while decadal scale changes in temperature did not play a significant role. These findings indicate a reversibility of the fish assemblage structure in response to changing levels of an apex predator and highlight the frequently overlooked importance of trophic interactions in determining large‐scale biodiversity patterns. As increased cod abundance was largely driven by changes in fisheries management, our study also shows that management policies and practices, particularly those involving apex predators, can have a strong effect in shaping spatial diversity patterns, and one should not restrict the focus to effects of climate change alone.

Environmental efficiency of small-scale tea processors in Kenya: an inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach - Karambu Kiende Gatimbu; Maurice Juma Ogada; Nancy L. M. Budambula (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020)

Ecological and evolutionary drivers of haemoplasma infection and bacterial genotype sharing in a Neotropical bat community - Daniel J. Becker; Kelly A. Speer; Alexis M. Brown; M. Brock Fenton; Alex D. Washburne; Sonia Altizer; Daniel G. Streicker; Raina K. Plowright; Vladimir E. Chizhikov; Nancy B. Simmons; Dmitriy V. Volokhov (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Most emerging pathogens can infect multiple species, underlining the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that allow some hosts to harbour greater infection prevalence and share pathogens with other species. However, our understanding of pathogen jumps is based primarily around viruses, despite bacteria accounting for the greatest proportion of zoonoses. Because bacterial pathogens in bats (order Chiroptera) can have conservation and human health consequences, studies that examine the ecological and evolutionary drivers of bacterial prevalence and barriers to pathogen sharing are crucially needed. Here were studied haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (i.e., haemoplasmas) across a species‐rich bat community in Belize over two years. Across 469 bats spanning 33 species, half of individuals and two‐thirds of species were haemoplasma positive. Infection prevalence was higher for males and for species with larger body mass and colony sizes. Haemoplasmas displayed high genetic diversity (21 novel genotypes) and strong host specificity. Evolutionary patterns supported codivergence of bats and bacterial genotypes alongside phylogenetically constrained host shifts. Bat species centrality to the network of shared haemoplasma genotypes was phylogenetically clustered and unrelated to prevalence, further suggesting rare—but detectable—bacterial sharing between species. Our study highlights the importance of using fine phylogenetic scales when assessing host specificity and suggests phylogenetic similarity may play a key role in host shifts not only for viruses but also for bacteria. Such work more broadly contributes to increasing efforts to understand cross‐species transmission and the epidemiological consequences of bacterial pathogens.

Calculation of 3D displacement and time to failure of an earth dam using DIC analysis of hillshade images derived from high temporal resolution point cloud data - Nancy Berg; Toshikazu Hori; W. Andy Take (Landslides, 2020)

Living benthic foraminifera of Santos continental shelf, southeastern Brazilian continental margin (SW Atlantic): chlorophyll-a and particulate organic matter approach - Cintia Yamashita; Cláudia Omachi; Ana Cláudia Aoki Santarosa; Fabiane Sayuri Iwai; Beatriz Dias Araujo; Sibelle Trevisan Disaró; Maria Virgínia Alves Martins; Thaisa Marques Vicente; Nancy Taniguchi; Letícia Burone; Michel M. Mahiques; Márcia Caruso Bícego; et al. (Journal of Sedimentary Environments, 2020)

Egg Exhumation and Transport on a Foreshore Under Wave and Swash Processes - Nancy L. Jackson; Sherestha Saini; David R. Smith; Karl F. Nordstrom (Estuaries and Coasts, 2020)

Response to lethal UVA radiation in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas extremaustralis: polyhydroxybutyrate and cold adaptation as protective factors - Paula M. Tribelli; Magdalena Pezzoni; María Gabriela Brito; Nahuel V. Montesinos; Cristina S. Costa; Nancy I. López (Extremophiles, 2020)

Queen honey bee (Apis mellifera) pheromone and reproductive behavior are affected by pesticide exposure during development - Elizabeth M. Walsh; Stephen Sweet; Anthony Knap; Nancy Ing; Juliana Rangel (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020)

Range edges in heterogeneous landscapes: Integrating geographic scale and climate complexity into range dynamics - Meagan F. Oldfather; Matthew M. Kling; Seema N. Sheth; Nancy C. Emery; David D. Ackerly (Global Change Biology, 2020)
The impacts of climate change have re‐energized interest in understanding the role of climate in setting species geographic range edges. Despite the strong focus on species' distributions in ecology and evolution, defining a species range edge is theoretically and empirically difficult. The challenge of determining a range edge and its relationship to climate is in part driven by the nested nature of geography and the multidimensionality of climate, which together generate complex patterns of both climate and biotic distributions across landscapes. Because range‐limiting processes occur in both geographic and climate space, the relationship between these two spaces plays a critical role in setting range limits. With both conceptual and empirical support, we argue that three factors—climate heterogeneity, collinearity among climate variables, and spatial scale—interact to shape the spatial structure of range edges along climate gradients, and we discuss several ways that these factors influence the stability of species range edges with a changing climate. We demonstrate that geographic and climate edges are often not concordant across species ranges. Furthermore, high climate heterogeneity and low climate collinearity across landscapes increase the spectrum of possible relationships between geographic and climatic space, suggesting that geographic range edges and climatic niche limits correspond less frequently than we may expect. More empirical explorations of how the complexity of real landscapes shapes the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine species range edges will advance the development of range limit theory and its applications to biodiversity conservation in the context of changing climate.

Conventional versus genomic selection for white spruce improvement: a comparison of costs and benefits of plantations on Quebec public lands - Vincent Chamberland; François Robichaud; Martin Perron; Nancy Gélinas; Jean Bousquet; Jean Beaulieu (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2020)
Intensive plantation forestry is a potent strategy for forest managers to increase wood production on a smaller forest land acreage, especially with the use of genetically improved reforestation stock. The main drawback with conventional conifer improvement is the several decades it takes before stock deployment, which is particularly acute in the context of climate change and evolving wood markets. Use of genomic selection allows to drastically shorten breeding cycles, resulting in more flexibility and potentially increasing benefits. This study compares the financial performance of five white spruce ( Picea glauca ) breeding and deployment scenarios, from conventional breeding to genomic selection in conjunction with top-grafting or the use of somatic embryogenesis, in the context of plantations established by the Quebec government on public lands with banned herbicide use. We estimated the land expectation value (LEV) for the five scenarios applied to eight site productivity indices, and considered costs and revenues from breeding, plantation establishment, silviculture, and harvest. LEVs at 4% discount rate were positive for all scenarios on all site indices, and varied from $197 to $2015 ha −1 assuming mechanical brushing of the plantations. The scenarios integrating genomic selection resulted in the highest LEVs, which increased with site index. We also conducted sensitivity analyses with 3% and 5% discount rates, with a range of costs and benefits, and with herbicide control of competing vegetation. These results should help orientate public investment decisions regarding the integration of genomic selection at the operational level in tree breeding and reforestation programs on public lands.

Exploring How the New Entrustable Professional Activity Assessment Tools Affect the Quality of Feedback Given to Medical Oncology Residents - Anna Tomiak; Heather Braund; Rylan Egan; Nancy Dalgarno; Jeffrey Emack; Mary-Anne Reid; Nazik Hammad (Journal of Cancer Education, 2020)

Application of Doehlert experimental design for the removal of radium from aqueous solution by cross-linked phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole-polymer using Ba(II) as a model - Nancy AlHaddad; Radwan Sidaoui; Malek Tabbal; Ismail Abbas; Pierre-Edouard Danjou; Francine Cazier-Dennin; Rana Baydoun; Omar EL Samad; Ahmad Rifai (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020)

Genetic relationships and hybridization among three western Atlantic sparid species: sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), sea bream (A. rhomboidalis) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) - Seifu Seyoum; Douglas H. Adams; Richard E. Matheson; James A. Whittington; Alicia C. Alvarez; Nancy E. Sheridan; Kaitlin Panzner; Cecilia Puchulutegui (Conservation Genetics, 2020)
Three species of sparids in the western Atlantic, sheepshead ( Archosargus probatocephalus ), sea bream ( A. rhomboidalis ), and pinfish ( Lagodon rhomboides ), share overlapping habitats, spawning seasons, and spawning grounds, providing opportunities for interaction among these species. Three regions of mitochondrial DNA and three nuclear DNA intron sequences were used to construct the genetic relationships among these species. The results showed that these species are closely related, suggesting the presence of soft polytomy with sheepshead and western Atlantic sea bream as sister species. However, western Atlantic sea bream and pinfish are equally divergent from sheepshead. We used a suite of 18 microsatellite markers to verify the occurrence of hybridization, identify the parental types, and evaluate the filial-generation status of 36 individuals morphologically identified as hybrids from the Indian River Lagoon system, in Florida. The 36 putative hybrids were analyzed with a reference group of 172 western Atlantic sea bream, 232 pinfish, and 157 sheepsheads and were all genetically determined to be F 1 of sheepshead and western Atlantic sea bream with very little indication or no introgressive hybridization among the 172 reference specimens of western Atlantic sea bream. Hybridization was asymmetric, with western Atlantic sea bream males crossing with sheepshead females. Hybrids were first observed in the Indian River Lagoon in 2005, after the western Atlantic sea bream had become common there, in the 1990s. Their occurrence could be associated with unique features of the Indian River Lagoon that bring the two species together or with recent anthropogenic changes in this system. Further study is needed to determine the causes and long-term effects of the recurrent production of F 1 hybrids and the degree of their sterility in the Indian River Lagoon.

Impacts of the 2014–2017 global bleaching event on a protected remote atoll in the Western Indian Ocean - Julia M. B. Cerutti; April J. Burt; Philip Haupt; Nancy Bunbury; Peter J. Mumby; Gabriela Schaepman-Strub (Coral Reefs, 2020)

Assessing changes in genomic divergence following a century of human‐mediated secondary contact among wild and captive‐bred ducks - Philip Lavretsky; Nancy Rotzel McInerney; Jonathon E. Mohl; Joshua I. Brown; Helen F. James; Kevin G. McCracken; Robert C. Fleischer (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Along with manipulating habitat, the direct release of domesticated individuals into the wild is a practice used worldwide to augment wildlife populations. We test between possible outcomes of human‐mediated secondary contact using genomic techniques at both historical and contemporary timescales for two iconic duck species. First, we sequence several thousand ddRAD‐seq loci for contemporary mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) throughout North America and two domestic mallard types (i.e., known game‐farm mallards and feral Khaki Campbell's). We show that North American mallards may well be becoming a hybrid swarm due to interbreeding with domesticated game‐farm mallards released for hunting. Next, to attain a historical perspective, we applied a bait‐capture array targeting thousands of loci in century‐old (1842–1915) and contemporary (2009–2010) mallard and American black duck ( Anas rubripes ) specimens. We conclude that American black ducks and mallards have always been closely related, with a divergence time of ~600,000 years before present, and likely evolved through prolonged isolation followed by limited bouts of gene flow (i.e., secondary contact). They continue to maintain genetic separation, a finding that overturns decades of prior research and speculation suggesting the genetic extinction of the American black duck due to contemporary interbreeding with mallards. Thus, despite having high rates of hybridization, actual gene flow is limited between mallards and American black ducks. Conversely, our historical and contemporary data confirm that the intensive stocking of game‐farm mallards during the last ~100 years has fundamentally changed the genetic integrity of North America's wild mallard population, especially in the east. It thus becomes of great interest to ask whether the iconic North American mallard is declining in the wild due to introgression of maladaptive traits from domesticated forms. Moreover, we hypothesize that differential gene flow from domestic game‐farm mallards into the wild mallard population may explain the overall temporal increase in differentiation between wild black ducks and mallards, as well as the uncoupling of genetic diversity and effective population size estimates across time in our results. Finally, our findings highlight how genomic methods can recover complex population histories by capturing DNA preserved in traditional museum specimens.

Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world’s largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) - Susan M. Tsang; Sigit Wiantoro; Maria Josefa Veluz; Norimasa Sugita; Y‐Lan Nguyen; Nancy B. Simmons; David J. Lohman (Journal of Biogeography, 2020)
Aim Islands provide opportunities for isolation and speciation. Many landmasses in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) are oceanic islands, and founder‐event speciation is expected to be the predominant form of speciation of volant taxa on these islands. We studied the biogeographic history of flying foxes, a group with many endemic species and a predilection for islands, to test this hypothesis and infer the biogeographic origin of the group. Location Australasia, Indo‐Australian Archipelago, Madagascar, Pacific Islands. Taxon Pteropus (Pteropodidae). Methods To infer the biogeographic history of Pteropus , we sequenced up to 6,169 bp of genetic data from 10 markers and reconstructed a multilocus species tree of 34 currently recognized Pteropus species and subspecies with three Acerodon outgroups using BEAST and subsequently estimated ancestral areas using models implemented in BioGeoBEARS . Results Species‐level resolution was occasionally low because of slow rates of molecular evolution and/or recent divergences. Older divergences, however, were more strongly supported and allow the evolutionary history of the group to be inferred. The genus diverged in Wallacea from its common ancestor with Acerodon ; founder‐event speciation out of Wallacea was a common inference. Pteropus species in Micronesia and the western Indian Ocean were also inferred to result from founder‐event speciation. Main conclusions Dispersal between regions of the IAA and the islands found therein fostered diversification of Pteropus throughout the IAA and beyond. Dispersal in Pteropus is far higher than in most other volant taxa studied to date, highlighting the importance of inter‐island movement in the biogeographic history of this large clade of large bats.

Forest Management for Carbon Sequestration and Climate Adaptation - Todd A Ontl; Maria K Janowiak; Christopher W Swanston; Jad Daley; Stephen Handler; Meredith Cornett; Steve Hagenbuch; Cathy Handrick; Liza Mccarthy; Nancy Patch (Journal of Forestry, 2020)
The importance of forests for sequestering carbon has created widespread interest among land managers for identifying actions that maintain or enhance carbon storage in forests. Managing for forest carbon under changing climatic conditions underscores a need for resources that help identify adaptation actions that align with carbon management. We developed the Forest Carbon Management Menu to help translate broad carbon management concepts into actionable tactics that help managers reduce risk from expected climate impacts in order to meet desired management goals. We describe examples of real-world forest-management planning projects that integrate climate change information with this resource to identify actions that simultaneously benefit forest carbon along with other project goals. These examples highlight that the inclusion of information on climate vulnerability, considering the implications of management actions over extended timescales, and identifying co-benefits for other management goals can reveal important synergies in managing for carbon and climate adaptation.

Toxic Safety: Flame Retardants, Chemical Controversies, and Environmental Health - Nancy Langston (The Social Science Journal, 2020)

Post-colonial pollution of the Bay of Cartagena, Colombia - Yuliana Serna; Alexander Correa-Metrio; William Francis Kenney; Jason Hillary Curtis; Maria Isabel Velez; Mark Brenner; Natalia Hoyos; Juan Camilo Restrepo; Cecilia Cordero-Oviedo; David Buck; Nancy Suarez; Jaime Escobar (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2020)

Developing a culturally targeted video to enhance the use of genetic counseling in Latina women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer - Alejandra Hurtado-de-Mendoza; Kristi D. Graves; Sara Gómez-Trillos; Minna Song; Lyndsay Anderson; Claudia Campos; Pilar Carrera; Nancy Ostrove; Beth N. Peshkin; Marc D. Schwartz; Nan Ficca; Ana-Paula Cupertino; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2020)

Health and lifestyle behaviors in colorectal cancer survivors with and without Lynch syndrome - Kirsten M. Donato; Katelyn Moore; Wendy M. Parker; Susan K. Peterson; Ellen R. Gritz; Christopher I. Amos; Karen H. Lu; Patrick M. Lynch; Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas; Y. Nancy You; Allison M. Burton-Chase (Journal of Community Genetics, 2020)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soil respond differently to biotic and abiotic factors in the Serengeti - Bo Maxwell Stevens; Jeffrey Ryan Propster; Maarja Öpik; Gail W. T. Wilson; Sara Lynne Alloway; Emilian Mayemba; Nancy Collins Johnson (Mycorrhiza, 2020)

Age and growth analyses for the endangered belugas in Cook Inlet, Alaska - Daniel J. Vos; Kim E. W. Shelden; Nancy A. Friday; Barbara A. Mahoney (Marine Mammal Science, 2020)

Resistance of soil biota and plant growth to disturbance increases with plant diversity - Jonathan A. Bennett; Alexander M. Koch; Jennifer Forsythe; Nancy C. Johnson; David Tilman; John Klironomos (Ecology Letters, 2020)
Plant diversity is critical to the functioning of ecosystems, potentially mediated in part by interactions with soil biota. Here, we characterised multiple groups of soil biota across a plant diversity gradient in a long‐term experiment. We then subjected soil samples taken along this gradient to drought, freezing and a mechanical disturbance to test how plant diversity affects the responses of soil biota and growth of a focal plant to these disturbances. High plant diversity resulted in soils that were dominated by fungi and associated soil biota, including increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and reduced plant‐feeding nematodes. Disturbance effects on the soil biota were reduced when plant diversity was high, resulting in higher growth of the focal plant in all but the frozen soils. These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for soil communities and their resistance to disturbance, with potential feedback effects on plant productivity.

Gene-environment regulatory circuits of right ventricular pathology in tetralogy of fallot - Yan Zhao; Xuedong Kang; Fuying Gao; Alejandra Guzman; Ryan P. Lau; Reshma Biniwale; Madhuri Wadehra; Brian Reemtsen; Meena Garg; Nancy Halnon; Fabiola Quintero-Rivera; Glen Van Arsdell; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2019)

The Nexus Between CO2 Emissions and Genetically Modified Crops: a Perspective from Order Theory - Nancy Y. Quintero; Isaac Marcos Cohen (Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2019)

Characterization and Whole Genome Sequencing of AR23, a Highly Toxic Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Isolated from Lebanese Soil - Nancy Fayad; Rafael Patiño-Navarrete; Zakaria Kambris; Mandy Antoun; Mike Osta; Joel Chopineau; Jacques Mahillon; Laure El Chamy; Vincent Sanchis; Mireille Kallassy Awad (Current Microbiology, 2019)

Structures, functions, and mechanisms of filament forming enzymes: a renaissance of enzyme filamentation - Chad K. Park; Nancy C. Horton (Biophysical Reviews, 2019)
Filament formation by non-cytoskeletal enzymes has been known for decades, yet only relatively recently has its wide-spread role in enzyme regulation and biology come to be appreciated. This comprehensive review summarizes what is known for each enzyme confirmed to form filamentous structures in vitro , and for the many that are known only to form large self-assemblies within cells. For some enzymes, studies describing both the in vitro filamentous structures and cellular self-assembly formation are also known and described. Special attention is paid to the detailed structures of each type of enzyme filament, as well as the roles the structures play in enzyme regulation and in biology. Where it is known or hypothesized, the advantages conferred by enzyme filamentation are reviewed. Finally, the similarities, differences, and comparison to the SgrAI endonuclease system are also highlighted.

Crawling and righting behavior of the subtropical sea star Echinaster (Othilia) graminicola: effects of elevated temperature - Lila M. Ardor Bellucci; Nancy F. Smith (Marine Biology, 2019)

The implementation of rapid microbial identification via MALDI-ToF reduces mortality in gram-negative but not gram-positive bacteremia - Hila Zadka; Eli Raykhshtat; Boris Uralev; Nancy Bishouty; Ahuva Weiss-Meilik; Amos Adler (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Estimating aboveground net biomass change for tropical and subtropical forests: Refinement of IPCC default rates using forest plot data - Daniela Requena Suarez; Danaë M. A. Rozendaal; Veronique De Sy; Oliver L. Phillips; Esteban Alvarez‐Dávila; Kristina Anderson‐Teixeira; Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami; Luzmila Arroyo; Timothy R. Baker; Frans Bongers; Roel J. W. Brienen; Sarah Carter; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
As countries advance in greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for climate change mitigation, consistent estimates of aboveground net biomass change (∆AGB) are needed. Countries with limited forest monitoring capabilities in the tropics and subtropics rely on IPCC 2006 default ∆AGB rates, which are values per ecological zone, per continent. Similarly, research into forest biomass change at a large scale also makes use of these rates. IPCC 2006 default rates come from a handful of studies, provide no uncertainty indications and do not distinguish between older secondary forests and old‐growth forests. As part of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, we incorporate ∆AGB data available from 2006 onwards, comprising 176 chronosequences in secondary forests and 536 permanent plots in old‐growth and managed/logged forests located in 42 countries in Africa, North and South America and Asia. We generated ∆AGB rate estimates for younger secondary forests (≤20 years), older secondary forests (>20 years and up to 100 years) and old‐growth forests, and accounted for uncertainties in our estimates. In tropical rainforests, for which data availability was the highest, our ∆AGB rate estimates ranged from 3.4 (Asia) to 7.6 (Africa) Mg ha −1 year −1 in younger secondary forests, from 2.3 (North and South America) to 3.5 (Africa) Mg ha −1 year −1 in older secondary forests, and 0.7 (Asia) to 1.3 (Africa) Mg ha −1 year −1 in old‐growth forests. We provide a rigorous and traceable refinement of the IPCC 2006 default rates in tropical and subtropical ecological zones, and identify which areas require more research on ∆AGB. In this respect, this study should be considered as an important step towards quantifying the role of tropical and subtropical forests as carbon sinks with higher accuracy; our new rates can be used for large‐scale GHG accounting by governmental bodies, nongovernmental organizations and in scientific research.

Microbiota Differences of the Comb Jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in Native and Invasive Sub-Populations - Cornelia Jaspers; Nancy Weiland-Bräuer; Martin A. Fischer; Sven Künzel; Ruth A. Schmitz; Thorsten B. H. Reusch (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Occupational Safety and Health in U.S. Aquaculture: A Review - Jillian P. Fry; Caitlin A. Ceryes; Jill M. Voorhees; Nancy A. Barnes; David C. Love; Michael E. Barnes (Journal of Agromedicine, 2019)

Short-term influence of biochar and fertilizer-biochar blends on soil nutrients, fauna and maize growth - Solomon Kamau; Nancy K. Karanja; Fredrick O. Ayuke; Johannes Lehmann (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2019)

Energy balance related lifestyle factors and risk of endometrial and colorectal cancer among individuals with lynch syndrome: a systematic review - Adriana M. Coletta; Susan K. Peterson; Leticia A. Gatus; Kate J. Krause; Susan M. Schembre; Susan C. Gilchrist; Mala Pande; Eduardo Vilar; Y. Nancy You; Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas; Larkin L. Strong; Patrick M. Lynch; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2019)

Intercropping Optimizes Soil Temperature and Increases Crop Water Productivity and Radiation Use Efficiency of Rainfed Potato - Shadrack O. Nyawade; Nancy N. Karanja; Charles K. K. Gachene; Harun I. Gitari; Elmar Schulte-Geldermann; Monica L. Parker (American Journal of Potato Research, 2019)

Functional and Genomic Characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Isolated From the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Reveals an Enhanced Adaptation for Long-Chain Alkane Degradation - Luis Felipe Muriel-Millán; José Luis Rodríguez-Mejía; Elizabeth Ernestina Godoy-Lozano; Nancy Rivera-Gómez; Rosa-María Gutierrez-Rios; Daniel Morales-Guzmán; María R. Trejo-Hernández; Alejandro Estradas-Romero; Liliana Pardo-López (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Climate Change Vulnerability of American Lobster Fishing Communities in Atlantic Canada - Blair J. W. Greenan; Nancy L. Shackell; Kiyomi Ferguson; Philip Greyson; Andrew Cogswell; David Brickman; Zeliang Wang; Adam Cook; Catherine E. Brennan; Vincent S. Saba (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Mx2 for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bubalus bubalis - Kanisht Batra; Trilok Nanda; Aman Kumar; Akhil Kumar Gupta; Rajni Kumari; Vinay Kumar; Nancy Sheoran; Sushila Maan (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2019)

A Quantitative Meta-analysis of Olfactory Dysfunction in Epilepsy - Kiran Khurshid; Andrew J. D. Crow; Petra E. Rupert; Nancy L. Minniti; Melissa A. Carswell; Dawn J. Mechanic-Hamilton; Vidyulata Kamath; Richard L. Doty; Paul J. Moberg; David R. Roalf (Neuropsychology Review, 2019)

Morphoanatomy of the inflorescence and flowers of Solidago chilensis (Asteraceae) - Beatriz Perez; Daiana M. Carrettoni; Bruno A. Lus; Nancy M. Apóstolo (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2019)