Advances in coffee tissue culture and its practical applications - Nancy Santana-Buzzy; Rafael Rojas-Herrera; Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos; José R. Ku-Cauich; Javier Mijangos-Cortés; Luis C. Gutiérrez-Pacheco; Adriana Canto; Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa; Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2007)

Mitochondrial genome and a nuclear gene indicate a novel phylogenetic position of deep-sea tube-eye fish (Stylephoridae) - Masaki Miya; Nancy I. Holcroft; Takashi P. Satoh; Motoomi Yamaguchi; Mutsumi Nishida; E.O. Wiley (Ichthyological Research, 2007)

Allometric relationships between seed mass and seedling characteristics reveal trade-offs for neotropical gap-dependent species - Matthew I. Daws; Christopher Ballard; Christopher E. Mullins; Nancy C. Garwood; Brian Murray; Timothy R. H. Pearson; David F. R. P. Burslem (Oecologia, 2007)

IL-6 gene variation is associated with IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels but not cardiovascular outcomes in the Cardiovascular Health Study - Jeremy D. Walston; M. Daniele Fallin; Mary Cushman; Leslie Lange; Bruce Psaty; Nancy Jenny; Warren Browner; Russell Tracy; Peter Durda; Alex Reiner (Human Genetics, 2007)

Do biodiversity patterns in Dutch wetland complexes relate to variation in urbanisation, intensity of agricultural land use or fragmentation? - Jan E. Vermaat; Hasse Goosen; Nancy Omtzigt (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2007)

Genetic population structure of the sagebrush Brewer’s sparrow, Spizella breweri breweri, in a fragmented landscape at the northern range periphery - Emily K. Croteau; Stephen C. Lougheed; Pamela G. Krannitz; Nancy A. Mahony; Brett L. Walker; Peter T. Boag (Conservation Genetics, 2007)

Habitat niche partitioning by 16 species of Myristicaceae in Amazonian Ecuador - Simon A. Queenborough; David F. R. P. Burslem; Nancy C. Garwood; Renato Valencia (Plant Ecology, 2007)

KILLER WHALES AND MARINE MAMMAL TRENDS IN THE NORTH PACIFIC—A RE‐EXAMINATION OF EVIDENCE FOR SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNA COLLAPSE AND THE PREY‐SWITCHING HYPOTHESIS - Paul R. Wade; Vladimir N. Burkanov; Marilyn E. Dahlheim; Nancy A. Friday; Lowell W. Fritz; Thomas R. Loughlin; Sally A. Mizroch; Marcia M. Muto; Dale W. Rice; Lance G. Barrett‐Lennard; Nancy A. Black; Alexander M. Burdin; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2007)
Springer et al . (2003) contend that sequential declines occurred in North Pacific populations of harbor and fur seals, Steller sea lions, and sea otters. They hypothesize that these were due to increased predation by killer whales, when industrial whaling's removal of large whales as a supposed primary food source precipitated a prey switch. Using a regional approach, we reexamined whale catch data, killer whale predation observations, and the current biomass and trends of potential prey, and found little support for the prey‐switching hypothesis. Large whale biomass in the Bering Sea did not decline as much as suggested by Springer et al ., and much of the reduction occurred 50–100 yr ago, well before the declines of pinnipeds and sea otters began; thus, the need to switch prey starting in the 1970s is doubtful. With the sole exception that the sea otter decline followed the decline of pinnipeds, the reported declines were not in fact sequential. Given this, it is unlikely that a sequential megafaunal collapse from whales to sea otters occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns of pinniped and sea otter population trends are more complex than Springer et al . suggest, and are often inconsistent with their hypothesis. Populations remained stable or increased in many areas, despite extensive historical whaling and high killer whale abundance. Furthermore, observed killer whale predation has largely involved pinnipeds and small cetaceans; there is little evidence that large whales were ever a major prey item in high latitudes. Small cetaceans (ignored by Springer et al .) were likely abundant throughout the period. Overall, we suggest that the Springer et al . hypothesis represents a misleading and simplistic view of events and trophic relationships within this complex marine ecosystem.

Modeling receptor/gene-mediated effects of corticosteroids on hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase dynamics in rats: dual regulation by endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids - Anasuya Hazra; Nancy Pyszczynski; Debra C. DuBois; Richard R. Almon; William J. Jusko (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2007)

Modification of cell proliferation patterns alters leaf vein architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana - Julie Kang; Yukiko Mizukami; Hong Wang; Larry Fowke; Nancy G. Dengler (Planta, 2007)

Concerns and recommendations regarding inherited cancer risk: The perspectives of survivors and female relatives - Suzanne Mellon; Lisa Berry-Bobovski; Robin Gold; Nancy Levin; Michael A. Tainsky (Journal of Cancer Education, 2007)

Do tree-level monocultures develop following Canadian boreal silviculture? Tree-level diversity tested using a new method - Jason E. E. Dampier; Nancy Luckai; F. Wayne Bell; William D. Towill (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2007)

The influence of urbanization on forest stand dynamics in Northwestern Oregon - Nancy E. Broshot (Urban Ecosystems, 2007)

Does the badge of status influence parental care and investment in house sparrows? An experimental test - Shinichi Nakagawa; Nancy Ockendon; Duncan O. S. Gillespie; Ben J. Hatchwell; Terry Burke (Oecologia, 2007)

Protection of mammography screening against death from breast cancer in women aged 40–64 years - Sandra A. Norman; A. Russell Localio; Anita L. Weber; Ralph J. Coates; Lan Zhou; Leslie Bernstein; Kathleen E. Malone; Polly A. Marchbanks; Linda K. Weiss; Nancy C. Lee; Marion R. Nadel (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in preweanling and adult rats: effects of a single drug–environment pairing - Sanders A. McDougall; Shelley A. Baella; Nancy M. Stuebner; Lindsay R. Halladay; Cynthia A. Crawford (Psychopharmacology, 2007)

Human papillomavirus vaccine: knowledge and attitudes in two Appalachian Kentucky counties - Claudia Hopenhayn; Amy Christian; W. Jay Christian; Nancy E. Schoenberg (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

A Comparative Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Southern Sea Otters that Died of Infectious Diseases and Noninfectious Causes - Kurunthachalam Kannan; Emily Perrotta; Nancy J. Thomas; Kenneth M. Aldous (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007)

Distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms in differential chromosome segments of congenic resistant strains that define minor histocompatibility antigens - Peter J. Wettstein; Nancy D. Borson (Immunogenetics, 2007)

Exogenous trehalose affects morphogenesis in vitro of jojoba - Berta E. Llorente; Leonardo M. Juarez; Nancy M. Apóstolo (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2007)

Response of Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. to fertile growing medium and tephra-layer depth under greenhouse conditions - Nancy Alejandre-Melena; Roberto Lindig-Cisneros; Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero (New Forests, 2007)

Bivariate linkage confirms genetic contribution to fetal origins of childhood growth and cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic children - Guowen Cai; Shelley A. Cole; Karin Haack; Nancy F. Butte; Anthony G. Comuzzie (Human Genetics, 2007)

A Multilevel Modeling Approach to Assessing Regional and Local Landscape Features for Lake Classification and Assessment of Fish Growth Rates - Tyler Wagner; Mary T. Bremigan; Kendra Spence Cheruvelil; Patricia A. Soranno; Nancy A. Nate; James E. Breck (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007)

Economic Impacts of Zebra Mussels on Drinking Water Treatment and Electric Power Generation Facilities - Nancy A. Connelly; Charles R. O’Neill; Barbara A. Knuth; Tommy L. Brown (Environmental Management, 2007)

Potential protonation sites in the Al2SiO5 polymorphs based on polarized FTIR spectroscopy and properties of the electron density distribution - Jason B. Burt; Nancy L. Ross; G. V. Gibbs; George R. Rossman; Kevin M. Rosso (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2007)

A Synoptic Climatological Approach to Assess Climatic Impact on Air Quality in South-central Canada. Part I: Historical Analysis - Chad Shouquan Cheng; Monica Campbell; Qian Li; Guilong Li; Heather Auld; Nancy Day; David Pengelly; Sarah Gingrich; David Yap (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2007)

A Synoptic Climatological Approach to Assess Climatic Impact on Air Quality in South-central Canada. Part II: Future Estimates - Chad Shouquan Cheng; Monica Campbell; Qian Li; Guilong Li; Heather Auld; Nancy Day; David Pengelly; Sarah Gingrich; David Yap (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2007)

Adaptation of urban water supply infrastructure to impacts from climate and socioeconomic changes: The case of Hamilton, New Zealand - Matthias Ruth; Clark Bernier; Nigel Jollands; Nancy Golubiewski (Water Resources Management, 2007)

In vivo functions of mitogen-activated protein kinases: conclusions from knock-in and knock-out mice - Nancy Gerits; Sergiy Kostenko; Ugo Moens (Transgenic Research, 2007)

Influence of in vitro growth conditions on in vitro and ex vitro photosynthetic rates of easy- and difficult-to-acclimatize sea oats (Uniola paniculata L.) genotypes - Carmen Valero-Aracama; Sandra B. Wilson; Michael E. Kane; Nancy L. Philman (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2007)

Novel Group I Introns Encoding a Putative Homing Endonuclease in the Mitochondrial cox1 Gene of Scleractinian Corals - Hironobu Fukami; Chaolun Allen Chen; Chi-Yung Chiou; Nancy Knowlton (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2007)

Long‐term changes in abundance and diversity of macrophyte and waterfowl populations in an estuary with exotic macrophytes and improving water quality - Nancy B. Rybicki; Jurate M. Landwehr (Limnology and Oceanography, 2007)
We assessed species‐specific coverage (km 2 ) of a submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) community in the fresh and upper oligohaline Potomac Estuary from 1985 to 2001 using a method combining field observations of species‐proportional coverage data with congruent remotely sensed coverage and density (percent canopy cover) data. Biomass (estimated by density‐weighted coverage) of individual species was calculated. Under improving water quality conditions, exotic SAV species did not displace native SAV; rather, the percent of natives increased over time. While coverage‐based diversity did fluctuate and increased, richness‐based community turnover rates were not significantly different from zero. SAV diversity was negatively related to nitrogen concentration. Differences in functional traits, such as reproductive potential, between the dominant native and exotic species may explain some interannual patterns in SAV. Biomass of native, as well as exotic, SAV species varied with factors affecting water column light attenuation. We also show a positive response by a higher trophic level, waterfowl, to SAV communities dominated by exotic SAV from 1959 to 2001.

Slc11a1 (Nramp1) alleles interact with acute inflammation loci to modulate wound-healing traits in mice - Marcelo De Franco; Patrícia dos Santos Carneiro; Luciana Carla Peters; Francisca Vorraro; Andrea Borrego; Orlando Garcia Ribeiro; Nancy Starobinas; Wafa Koury Cabrera; Olga Martinez Ibañez (Mammalian Genome, 2007)

Ambient UV, personal sun exposure and risk of multiple primary melanomas - Anne Kricker; Bruce K. Armstrong; Chris Goumas; Melisa Litchfield; Colin B. Begg; Amanda J. Hummer; Loraine D. Marrett; Beth Theis; Robert C. Millikan; Nancy Thomas; Hoda Anton Culver; Richard P. Gallagher; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

Human and natural impacts on forests along lower Tana river, Kenya: implications towards conservation and management of endemic primate species and their habitat - Nancy Nthenya Moinde-Fockler; Nicholas Otienoh Oguge; Genesio Mugambi Karere; Daniel Otina; Mbaruk Abdalla Suleman (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2007)

Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography - Gary G. Mittelbach; Douglas W. Schemske; Howard V. Cornell; Andrew P. Allen; Jonathan M. Brown; Mark B. Bush; Susan P. Harrison; Allen H. Hurlbert; Nancy Knowlton; Harilaos A. Lessios; Christy M. McCain; Amy R. McCune; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2007)
A latitudinal gradient in biodiversity has existed since before the time of the dinosaurs, yet how and why this gradient arose remains unresolved. Here we review two major hypotheses for the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient. The time and area hypothesis holds that tropical climates are older and historically larger, allowing more opportunity for diversification. This hypothesis is supported by observations that temperate taxa are often younger than, and nested within, tropical taxa, and that diversity is positively correlated with the age and area of geographical regions. The diversification rate hypothesis holds that tropical regions diversify faster due to higher rates of speciation (caused by increased opportunities for the evolution of reproductive isolation, or faster molecular evolution, or the increased importance of biotic interactions), or due to lower extinction rates. There is phylogenetic evidence for higher rates of diversification in tropical clades, and palaeontological data demonstrate higher rates of origination for tropical taxa, but mixed evidence for latitudinal differences in extinction rates. Studies of latitudinal variation in incipient speciation also suggest faster speciation in the tropics. Distinguishing the roles of history, speciation and extinction in the origin of the latitudinal gradient represents a major challenge to future research.

Production of a recombinant carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from grape and enzyme assay in water-miscible organic solvents - Sandrine Mathieu; Frédéric Bigey; Jérôme Procureur; Nancy Terrier; Ziya Günata (Biotechnology Letters, 2007)

Characterization of the potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile for six adenosine A2A receptor antagonists - Ming Yang; Daniel Soohoo; Sandriyana Soelaiman; Rao Kalla; Jeff Zablocki; Nancy Chu; Kwan Leung; Lina Yao; Ivan Diamond; Luiz Belardinelli; John C. Shryock (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2007)

Exploring the role of chitinolytic enzymes in the sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina - Nancy L. Douglas; Kerri M. Mullen; Stephanie C. Talmage; C. Drew Harvell (Marine Biology, 2007)

The NCI’s Cancer Information Service staff training program: A foundation for excellence - Rosemarie Slevin Perocchia; Annette Galassi; Randy Jacobs; Nancy Krauss; K. Kim LeMaitre; Sue Rutledge (Journal of Cancer Education, 2007)

FLUXNET and modelling the global carbon cycle - ANDREW D. FRIEND; ALMUT ARNETH; NANCY Y. KIANG; MARK LOMAS; JÉRÔME OGÉE; CHRISTIAN RÖDENBECK; STEVEN W. RUNNING; JEAN‐DIEGO SANTAREN; STEPHEN SITCH; NICOLAS VIOVY; F. IAN WOODWARD; SÖNKE ZAEHLE (Global Change Biology, 2007)
Measurements of the net CO 2 flux between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere using the eddy covariance technique have the potential to underpin our interpretation of regional CO 2 source–sink patterns, CO 2 flux responses to forcings, and predictions of the future terrestrial C balance. Information contained in FLUXNET eddy covariance data has multiple uses for the development and application of global carbon models, including evaluation/validation, calibration, process parameterization, and data assimilation. This paper reviews examples of these uses, compares global estimates of the dynamics of the global carbon cycle, and suggests ways of improving the utility of such data for global carbon modelling. Net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) predicted by different terrestrial biosphere models compares favourably with FLUXNET observations at diurnal and seasonal timescales. However, complete model validation, particularly over the full annual cycle, requires information on the balance between assimilation and decomposition processes, information not readily available for most FLUXNET sites. Site history, when known, can greatly help constrain the model‐data comparison. Flux measurements made over four vegetation types were used to calibrate the land‐surface scheme of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies global climate model, significantly improving simulated climate and demonstrating the utility of diurnal FLUXNET data for climate modelling. Land‐surface temperatures in many regions cool due to higher canopy conductances and latent heat fluxes, and the spatial distribution of CO 2 uptake provides a significant additional constraint on the realism of simulated surface fluxes. FLUXNET data are used to calibrate a global production efficiency model (PEM). This model is forced by satellite‐measured absorbed radiation and suggests that global net primary production (NPP) increased 6.2% over 1982–1999. Good agreement is found between global trends in NPP estimated by the PEM and a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM), and between the DGVM and estimates of global NEE derived from a global inversion of atmospheric CO 2 measurements. Combining the PEM, DGVM, and inversion results suggests that CO 2 fertilization is playing a major role in current increases in NPP, with lesser impacts from increasing N deposition and growing season length. Both the PEM and the inversion identify the Amazon basin as a key region for the current net terrestrial CO 2 uptake (i.e. 33% of global NEE), as well as its interannual variability. The inversion's global NEE estimate of −1.2 Pg [C] yr −1 for 1982–1995 is compatible with the PEM‐ and DGVM‐predicted trends in NPP. There is, thus, a convergence in understanding derived from process‐based models, remote‐sensing‐based observations, and inversion of atmospheric data. Future advances in field measurement techniques, including eddy covariance (particularly concerning the problem of night‐time fluxes in dense canopies and of advection or flow distortion over complex terrain), will result in improved constraints on land‐atmosphere CO 2 fluxes and the rigorous attribution of mechanisms to the current terrestrial net CO 2 uptake and its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Global ecosystem models play a fundamental role in linking information derived from FLUXNET measurements to atmospheric CO 2 variability. A number of recommendations concerning FLUXNET data are made, including a request for more comprehensive site data (particularly historical information), more measurements in undisturbed ecosystems, and the systematic provision of error estimates. The greatest value of current FLUXNET data for global carbon cycle modelling is in evaluating process representations, rather than in providing an unbiased estimate of net CO 2 exchange.

Segmentation of retinal blood vessels using a novel clustering algorithm (RACAL) with a partial supervision strategy - Sameh A. Salem; Nancy M. Salem; Asoke K. Nandi (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2007)

Biofilm formation by bacterial contaminants of fuel ethanol production - Kelly A. Skinner-Nemec; Nancy N. Nichols; Timothy D. Leathers (Biotechnology Letters, 2007)

Structurally unrelated algal oligosaccharides differentially stimulate growth and defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants - Daniel Laporte; Jeannette Vera; Nancy P. Chandía; Elisa A. Zúñiga; Betty Matsuhiro; Alejandra Moenne (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2007)

Identification of genes associated with flesh morphogenesis during grapevine fruit development - Lucie Fernandez; Laurent Torregrosa; Nancy Terrier; Lekha Sreekantan; Jérôme Grimplet; Chris Davies; Mark R. Thomas; Charles Romieu; Agnès Ageorges (Plant Molecular Biology, 2007)

Blastomycosis in indoor cats: Suburban Chicago, Illinois, USA - Nancy Blondin; Dennis J. Baumgardner; George E. Moore; Lawrence T. Glickman (Mycopathologia, 2007)

Which women aren’t getting mammograms and why? (United States) - Helen I. Meissner; Nancy Breen; Michele L. Taubman; Sally W. Vernon; Barry I. Graubard (Cancer Causes & Control, 2007)

Sesquiterpene lactones induce distinct forms of cell death that modulate human monocyte-derived macrophage responses - Nancy López-Antón; Corinna Hermann; Renato Murillo; Irmgard Merfort; Gerhard Wanner; Angelika M. Vollmar; Verena M. Dirsch (Apoptosis, 2007)

Towards a climate event stratigraphy for New Zealand over the past 30 000 years (NZ‐INTIMATE project) - Brent V. Alloway; David J. Lowe; David J. A. Barrell; Rewi M. Newnham; Peter C. Almond; Paul C. Augustinus; Nancy A. N. Bertler; Lionel Carter; Nicola J. Litchfield; Matt S. McGlone; Jamie Shulmeister; Marcus J. Vandergoes; et al. (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2007)
It is widely recognised that the acquisition of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from southern mid‐latitude sites is essential for establishing a coherent picture of inter‐hemispheric climate change and for better understanding of the role of Antarctic climate dynamics in the global climate system. New Zealand is considered to be a sensitive monitor of climate change because it is one of a few sizeable landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere westerly circulation zone, a critical transition zone between subtropical and Antarctic influences. New Zealand has mountainous axial ranges that amplify the climate signals and, consequently, the environmental gradients are highly sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Since 1995, INTIMATE has, through a series of international workshops, sought ways to improve procedures for establishing the precise ages of climate events, and to correlate them with high precision, for the last 30 000 calendar years. The NZ‐INTIMATE project commenced in late 2003, and has involved virtually the entire New Zealand palaeoclimate community. Its aim is to develop an event stratigraphy for the New Zealand region over the past 30 000 years, and to reconcile these events against the established climatostratigraphy of the last glacial cycle which has largely been developed from Northern Hemisphere records (e.g. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Termination I, Younger Dryas). An initial outcome of NZ‐INTIMATE has been the identification of a series of well‐dated, high‐resolution onshore and offshore proxy records from a variety of latitudes and elevations on a common calendar timescale from 30 000 cal. yr BP to the present day. High‐resolution records for the last glacial coldest period (LGCP) (including the LGM sensu stricto ) and last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT) from Auckland maars, Kaipo and Otamangakau wetlands on eastern and central North Island, marine core MD97‐2121 east of southern North Island, speleothems on northwest South Island, Okarito wetland on southwestern South Island, are presented. Discontinuous (fragmentary) records comprising compilations of glacial sequences, fluvial sequences, loess accumulation, and aeolian quartz accumulation in an andesitic terrain are described. Comparisons with ice‐core records from Antarctica (EPICA Dome C) and Greenland (GISP2) are discussed. A major advantage immediately evident from these records apart from the speleothem record, is that they are linked precisely by one or more tephra layers. Based on these New Zealand terrestrial and marine records, a reasonably coherent, regionally applicable, sequence of climatically linked stratigraphic events over the past 30 000 cal. yr is emerging. Three major climate events are recognised: (1) LGCP beginning at ca. 28 000 cal. yr BP, ending at Termination I, ca. 18 000 cal. yr BP, and including a warmer and more variable phase between ca. 27 000 and 21 000 cal. yr BP, (2) LGIT between ca. 18 000 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, including a Lateglacial warm period from ca. 14 800 to 13 500 cal. yr BP and a Lateglacial climate reversal between ca. 13 500 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, and (3) Holocene interglacial conditions, with two phases of greatest warmth between ca. 11 600 and 10 800 cal. yr BP and from ca. 6 800 to 6 500 cal. yr BP. Some key boundaries coincide with volcanic tephras. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bottom‐up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus ) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis - ANDREW W. TRITES; ARTHUR J. MILLER; HERBERT D. G. MASCHNER; MICHAEL A. ALEXANDER; STEVEN J. BOGRAD; JOHN A. CALDER; ANTONIETTA CAPOTONDI; KENNETH O. COYLE; EMANUELE DI LORENZO; BRUCE P. FINNEY; EDWARD J. GREGR; CHESTER E. GROSCH; et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 2007)
Declines of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976–77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon by Steller sea lions at mid‐trophic levels. The east–west asymmetry of the oceanic response to climate forcing after 1976–77 is consistent with both the temporal aspect (populations decreased after the late 1970s) and the spatial aspect of the decline (western, but not eastern, sea lion populations decreased). These broad‐scale climate variations appear to be modulated by regionally sensitive biogeographic structures along the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, which include a transition point from coastal to open‐ocean conditions at Samalga Pass westward along the Aleutian Islands. These transition points delineate distinct clusterings of different combinations of prey species, which are in turn correlated with differential population sizes and trajectories of Steller sea lions. Archaeological records spanning 4000 yr further indicate that sea lion populations have experienced major shifts in abundance in the past. Shifts in ocean climate are the most parsimonious underlying explanation for the broad suite of ecosystem changes that have been observed in the North Pacific Ocean in recent decades.

Capturing the complexity of water uses and water users within a multi-agent framework - Thomas Berger; Regina Birner; Nancy Mccarthy; JosÉ DíAz; Heidi Wittmer (Water Resources Management, 2006)

The dynamic structure underlying subthreshold oscillatory activity and the onset of spikes in a model of medial entorhinal cortex stellate cells - Horacio G. Rotstein; Tim Oppermann; John A. White; Nancy Kopell (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2006)

Relationships among satellite chlorophylla, river inputs, and hypoxia on the Louisiana Continental shelf, Gulf of Mexico - Nan D. Walker; Nancy N. Rabalais (Estuaries and Coasts, 2006)

Policy Windows, Policy Change, and Organizational Learning: Watersheds in the Evolution of Watershed Management - Sarah Michaels; Nancy P. Goucher; Dan McCarthy (Environmental Management, 2006)

Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk (Canada) - Joanne Thanos; Michelle Cotterchio; Beatrice A. Boucher; Nancy Kreiger; Lilian U. Thompson (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Polymorphisms in eight host genes associated with control of HIV replication do not mediate elite control of viral replication in SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques - Andrea Weiler; Gemma E. May; Ying Qi; Nancy Wilson; David I. Watkins (Immunogenetics, 2006)

Validated age and growth estimates for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the North Atlantic Ocean - Lisa J. Natanson; Nancy E. Kohler; Daniele Ardizzone; Gregor M. Cailliet; Sabine P. Wintner; Henry F. Mollet (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2006)

Patterns of association between Symbiodinium and members of the Montastraea annularis species complex on spatial scales ranging from within colonies to between geographic regions - Melissa Garren; Sheila M. Walsh; Adalgisa Caccone; Nancy Knowlton (Coral Reefs, 2006)

Serologic testing for symptomatic coccidioidomycosis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts - Janis E. Blair; Brandon Coakley; Ana C. Santelli; Joseph G. Hentz; Nancy L. Wengenack (Mycopathologia, 2006)

Photosynthetic and carbohydrate status of easy-and difficult-to-acclimatize sea oats (Uniola paniculata L.) genotypes during In vitro culture and Ex vitro acclimatization - Carmen Valero-Aracama; Michael E. Kane; Sandra B. Wilson; Joseph C. Vu; Joan Anderson; Nancy L. Philman (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2006)

Calluses of Cynara cardunculus Var. Cardunculus cardoon (Asteraceae): determination of cynarine and chlorogenic acid by automated high-performance capillary electrophoresis - Silvia P. Trajtemberg; Nancy M. Apóstolo; Graciela Fernández (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2006)

Co‐cladogenesis spanning three phyla: leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and their dual bacterial symbionts - DANIELA M. TAKIYA; PHAT L. TRAN; CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH; NANCY A. MORAN (Molecular Ecology, 2006)
Endosymbioses are a major form of biological complexity affecting the ecological and evolutionary diversification of many eukaryotic groups. These associations are exemplified by nutritional symbioses of insects for which phylogenetic studies have demonstrated numerous cases of long‐term codiversification between a bacterial and a host lineage. Some insects, including most leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), have more than one bacterial symbiont within specialized host cells, raising questions regarding the patterns of codiversification of these multiple partners and the evolutionary persistence of complex symbiotic systems. Previous studies reported the presence of two dominant symbiont types in a member of the leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters). In this study, 16S rRNA sequences were obtained and used to examine the occurrence and evolutionary relationships of the two dominant symbiont types across 29 leafhopper species. Candidatus Sulcia muelleri ( Bacteroidetes ) was detected in all leafhopper species examined, a finding that is consistent with a previous report of its ancient association with the Auchenorrhyncha (a grouping that includes leafhoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, planthoppers, and spittlebugs). Baumannia cicadellinicola ( Proteobacteria ), previously known from only five sharpshooter species, was found only in the sharpshooter tribes Cicadellini and Proconiini, as well as in the subfamily Phereurhininae. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences were obtained and used to reconstruct host phylogenies. Analyses of host and symbiont data sets support a congruent evolutionary history between sharpshooters, Sulcia and Baumannia and thus provide the first strong evidence for long‐term co‐inheritance of multiple symbionts during the diversification of a eukaryotic host. Sulcia shows a fivefold lower rate of 16S rDNA sequence divergence than does Baumannia for the same host pairs. The term ‘coprimary’ symbiont is proposed for such cases.

The genetic structure of Australasian green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ): exploring the geographical scale of genetic exchange - KIKI E. M. DETHMERS; DAMIEN BRODERICK; CRAIG MORITZ; NANCY N. FITZSIMMONS; COLIN J. LIMPUS; SHANE LAVERY; SCOTT WHITING; MICK GUINEA; ROBERT I. T. PRINCE; ROD KENNETT (Molecular Ecology, 2006)
Ecological and genetic studies of marine turtles generally support the hypothesis of natal homing, but leave open the question of the geographical scale of genetic exchange and the capacity of turtles to shift breeding sites. Here we combine analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation and recapture data to assess the geographical scale of individual breeding populations and the distribution of such populations through Australasia. We conducted multiscale assessments of mtDNA variation among 714 samples from 27 green turtle rookeries and of adult female dispersal among nesting sites in eastern Australia. Many of these rookeries are on shelves that were flooded by rising sea levels less than 10 000 years ( c . 450 generations) ago. Analyses of sequence variation among the mtDNA control region revealed 25 haplotypes, and their frequency distributions indicated 17 genetically distinct breeding stocks (Management Units) consisting either of individual rookeries or groups of rookeries in general that are separated by more than 500 km. The population structure inferred from mtDNA was consistent with the scale of movements observed in long‐term mark–recapture studies of east Australian rookeries. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes revealed five clades with significant partitioning of sequence diversity (Φ = 68.4) between Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asian/Indian Ocean rookeries. Isolation by distance was indicated for rookeries separated by up to 2000 km but explained only 12% of the genetic structure. The emerging general picture is one of dynamic population structure influenced by the capacity of females to relocate among proximal breeding sites, although this may be conditional on large population sizes as existed historically across this region.

Diffusion-limited REE uptake by eclogite garnets and its consequences for Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd geochronology - Susanne Skora; Lukas P. Baumgartner; Nancy J. Mahlen; Clark M. Johnson; Sébastien Pilet; Eric Hellebrand (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006)

Individual differences in drug abuse vulnerability: d-Amphetamine and sensation-seeking status - Thomas H. Kelly; Glenn Robbins; Catherine A. Martin; Mark T. Fillmore; Scott D. Lane; Nancy G. Harrington; Craig R. Rush (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

An Econometric Analysis of the Effect of Forest Dependence on the Economic Well-Being of Canadian Communities - Nancy Leake; Wiktor L. Adamowicz; Peter C. Boxall (Forest Science, 2006)
This study examines how changes in economic activity in forestry, expressed as forest dependence at a census subdivision level (CSD), affected measures of economic well-being. The empirical models used to address this question were developed and estimated using random effects panel and two-stage least-squares estimators using data from the 1986, 1991, and 1996 Canadian census. The results illustrate the contribution of economic diversity to income growth and poverty reduction. However, the results also suggest that forest dependence was positively and significantly related to unemployment rates and to the incidence of poverty for people in private households. Forest dependence was shown to have little or no effect on median household income and the distribution of income within CSDs. These relationships were assessed while holding constant other factors expected to affect community level economic well-being, including economic diversity, trade exposure, and aggregate demand.

Implicit sequence learning without motor sequencing in young and old adults - Nancy A. Dennis; James H. Howard; Darlene V. Howard (Experimental Brain Research, 2006)

Spatial Relationships Between Water Quality and Pesticide Application Rates in Agricultural Watersheds - John W. Hunt; Brian S. Anderson; Bryn M. Phillips; Ron S. Tjeerdema; Nancy Richard; Val Connor; Karen Worcester; Mark Angelo; Amanda Bern; Brian Fulfrost; Dustin Mulvaney (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006)

Insights into recognition of the T-DNA border repeats as termination sites for T-strand synthesis by Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Nancy Podevin; Sylvie De Buck; Chris De Wilde; Anna Depicker (Transgenic Research, 2006)

Loss of forb diversity in relation to nitrogen deposition in the UK: regional trends and potential controls - CARLY J. STEVENS; NANCY B. DISE; DAVID J. G. GOWING; J. OWEN MOUNTFORD (Global Change Biology, 2006)
In this study we investigate the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on the diversity of three different vegetation functional groups – forbs, grasses and mosses – using a field survey of acid grasslands across Great Britain. Our aim is to identify the vegetation types that are most vulnerable to enhanced N deposition, and to shed light on the mechanisms that may be driving N‐initiated species changes in the UK. Sixty‐eight randomly selected grasslands belonging to the UK National Vegetation Classification group U4 ( Festuca ovina–Agrostis capillaris–Galium saxatile grassland) were studied along a gradient of atmospheric N deposition ranging from 6 to 36 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . At each site, vegetation was surveyed and samples were taken from the topsoil and subsoil. Aboveground plant material was collected from three species: a forb, grass and moss. Both the species richness and cover of forbs declined strongly with increasing N deposition, from greater than eight species/20% cover per m 2 quadrat at low levels of N to fewer than two species/5% cover at the highest N deposition levels. Grasses showed a weak but significant decline in species richness, and a trend toward increasing cover with increasing N input. Mosses showed no trends in either species richness or cover. Most of the decline in plant species richness could be accounted for by the level of ammonium deposition. Soil KCl‐extractable ammonium concentration showed a significant positive correlation with N input, but there was no relationship between N deposition and extractable nitrate. In the soil O/A horizon, there was no relationship between N deposition and %N, and only a very weak positive relationship between the level of N deposition and the C : N ratio. Finally, in the vegetation, there was no relationship between N deposition and either shoot tissue N concentration or N : P ratio for any of the three reference species. Combining our regional survey with the results of published N‐addition experiments provides compelling evidence that there has been a significant decline in the species richness and cover of forbs across Great Britain, and that the primary cause is competition due to an increase in the cover of grasses in response to enhanced deposition of reactive N, primarily NH 4 + .

Reconciling differences in trophic control in mid‐latitude marine ecosystems - Kenneth T. Frank; Brian Petrie; Nancy L. Shackell; Jae S. Choi (Ecology Letters, 2006)
The dependence of long‐term fishery yields on primary productivity, largely based on cross‐system comparisons and without reference to the potential dynamic character of this relationship, has long been considered strong evidence for bottom‐up control in marine systems. We examined time series of intensive empirical observations from nine heavily exploited regions in the western North Atlantic and find evidence of spatial variance of trophic control. Top‐down control dominated in northern areas, the dynamics evolved from bottom‐up to top‐down in an intermediate region, and bottom‐up control governed the southern areas. A simplified, trophic control diagram was developed accounting for top‐down and bottom‐up forcing within a larger region whose base state dynamics are bottom‐up and can accommodate time‐varying dynamics. Species diversity and ocean temperature co‐varied, being relatively high in southern areas and lower in the north, mirroring the shifting pattern of trophic control. A combination of compensatory population dynamics and accelerated demographic rates in southern areas seems to account for the greater stability of the predator species complex in this region.

Morphine Withdrawal Dramatically Reduces Lymphocytes in Morphine-Dependent Macaques - Michael R. Weed; Lucy M. Carruth; Robert J. Adams; Nancy A. Ator; Robert D. Hienz (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2006)

A comparison of three methods to investigate the diet of breeding double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the Beaver Archipelago, northern Lake Michigan - Nancy E. Seefelt; James C. Gillingham (Hydrobiologia, 2006)

Benefit of screening mammography in reducing the rate of late-stage breast cancer diagnoses (United States) - Sandra A. Norman; A. Russell Localio; Lan Zhou; Anita L. Weber; Ralph J. Coates; Kathleen E. Malone; Leslie Bernstein; Polly A. Marchbanks; Jonathan M. Liff; Nancy C. Lee; Marion R. Nadel (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Formation of B and T cell subsets require the cannabinoid receptor CB2 - David Ziring; Bo Wei; Peter Velazquez; Matthew Schrage; Nancy E. Buckley; Jonathan Braun (Immunogenetics, 2006)

Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska - Nancy K. Adams; Bruce F. Houghton; Wes Hildreth (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2006)

Soil Characteristics and the Accumulation of Inorganic Nitrogen in an Arid Urban Ecosystem - Wei-Xing Zhu; Diane Hope; Corinna Gries; Nancy B. Grimm (Ecosystems, 2006)

Toxicity of jet fuel aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures on human epidermal Keratinocytes: evaluation based on in vitro cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 release - Jen-Hung Yang; Chia-Hue Lee; Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Jim E. Riviere; Chau-Loong Tsang; Chi-Chung Chou (Archives of Toxicology, 2006)

Points, patches, and regions: scaling soil biogeochemical patterns in an urbanized arid ecosystem - G. DARREL JENERETTE; JIANGUO WU; NANCY B. GRIMM; DIANE HOPE (Global Change Biology, 2006)
Cities are rapidly growing throughout the world and are altering biologic processes in many regions, with global consequences. Urbanization in the Phoenix, USA metropolitan region has dramatically altered regional ecosystem patterns, but little is known about how these changes have influenced soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and the distribution of nitrogen stable isotopes. Because urban development is a phenomenon occurring at multiple scales, ecological consequences of urbanization will likely differ between individual patches and the entire metropolitan region. To investigate such changes we conducted spatially explicit surveys including three dominant land‐use types in this region: native desert, agriculture, and mesic residential. These data were combined for analysis with previously collected samples from a synoptic regional survey. A landscape scaling approach was implemented to compare the dependence of soil variability on the sampled extent and the uncertainty associated with scaling from points to patches, land‐use types, and the Phoenix metropolitan region. The multiple‐scale analysis of soil properties showed that variation in total soil nitrogen, soil organic matter, and δ 5 N content of soils differed between patch and regional scales. The majority of variation in the urbanized patch types was exhibited between patches while for the native desert the majority of variation was observed within individual patches. These differences show the impact of urbanization on the scaling relations of ecosystem components. Overall, urbanization in this region appears to have increased soil organic matter by 44%, total nitrogen by 48%, and has elevated δ 15 N by 21%.

Mercury-Resistant Bacteria Associated With Macrophytes from A Polluted Lake - Laurie F. Caslake; Skye S. Harris; Christine Williams; Nancy McCreary Waters (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2006)

Cognitive function and nigrostriatal markers in abstinent methamphetamine abusers - Chris-Ellyn Johanson; Kirk A. Frey; Leslie H. Lundahl; Pamela Keenan; Nancy Lockhart; John Roll; Gantt P. Galloway; Robert A. Koeppe; Michael R. Kilbourn; Trevor Robbins; Charles R. Schuster (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

How to build a myofibril - Joseph W. Sanger; Songman Kang; Cornelia C. Siebrands; Nancy Freeman; Aiping Du; Jushuo Wang; Andrea L. Stout; Jean M. Sanger (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2006)

Escalation of i.v. cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats bred for high and low saccharin intake - Jennifer L. Perry; Andrew D. Morgan; Justin J. Anker; Nancy K. Dess; Marilyn E. Carroll (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Power and precision grip force control in three-to-five-year-old children: velocity control precedes amplitude control in development - Nancy L. Potter; Raymond D. Kent; Mary J. Lindstrom; Jo-Anne C. Lazarus (Experimental Brain Research, 2006)

Dispersion and Ecological Impact of the Invasive Freshwater Bivalve Limnoperna fortunei in the Río de la Plata Watershed and Beyond - Demetrio Boltovskoy; Nancy Correa; Daniel Cataldo; Francisco Sylvester (Biological Invasions, 2006)

Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA - Barry P. Baldigo; Ronald J. Sloan; Stephen B. Smith; Nancy D. Denslow; Vicki S. Blazer; Timothy S. Gross (Aquatic Sciences, 2006)

Effects of Warming Conditions in Eastern North American Forests on Red‐Backed Salamander Morphology - JAMES P. GIBBS; NANCY E. KARRAKER (Conservation Biology, 2006)
Several studies have reported climate‐associated changes in phenotypically plastic traits of amphibians, yet it remains unknown whether amphibians can manifest an evolutionary response to global climate change at the rate and magnitude that it is occurring. To assess this issue, we examined temporal change in the morphology of the red‐backed salamander ( Plethodon cinereus ), a small, abundant woodland salamander distributed widely in eastern North America with two distinct morphotypes: striped individuals associated with cooler microclimates and unstriped individuals associated with warmer microclimates. We compiled morph frequencies for 50,960 individual salamanders from 558 sites as recorded in the published literature and in unpublished field notes of herpetologists between 1908 and 2004. We observed that striping probability increased with increasing latitude, longitude, and elevation and decreased (from 80% to 74% range wide) with time. The combined forces of regional climate warming and, particularly, forest disturbance have evidently been sufficient to cause morphological evolution in this amphibian over the last century.

SGK1-dependent cardiac CTGF formation and fibrosis following DOCA treatment - Volker Vallon; Amanda W. Wyatt; Karin Klingel; Dan Yang Huang; Azeemudeen Hussain; Susanne Berchtold; Björn Friedrich; Florian Grahammer; Rachida S. BelAiba; Agnes Görlach; Peer Wulff; Jürgen Daut; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2006)

Differential Heterotrophic Utilization of Organic Compounds by Diatoms and Bacteria under Light and Dark Conditions - Nancy C. Tuchman; Marc A. Schollett; Steven T. Rier; Pamela Geddes (Hydrobiologia, 2006)

The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum - Mark W. Schwartz; Jason D. Hoeksema; Catherine A. Gehring; Nancy C. Johnson; John N. Klironomos; Lynette K. Abbott; Anne Pringle (Ecology Letters, 2006)
Advances in ecology during the past decade have led to a much more detailed understanding of the potential negative consequences of species’ introductions. Moreover, recent studies of mycorrhizal symbionts have led to an increased knowledge of the potential utility of fungal inoculations in agricultural, horticultural and ecological management. The intentional movement of mycorrhizal fungal species is growing, but the concomitant potential for negative ecological consequences of invasions by mycorrhizal fungi is poorly understood. We assess the degree to which introductions of mycorrhizal fungi may lead to unintended negative, and potentially costly, consequences. Our purpose is to make recommendations regarding appropriate management guidelines and highlight top priority research needs. Given the difficulty in discerning invasive species problems associated with mycorrhizal inoculations, we recommend the following. First, careful assessment documenting the need for inoculation, and the likelihood of success, should be conducted prior to inoculation because inoculations are not universally beneficial. Second, invasive species problems are costly and often impossible to control by the time they are recognized. We recommend using local inoculum sources whenever possible. Third, non‐sterile cultures of inoculum can result in the movement of saprobes and pathogens as well as mutualists. We recommend using material that has been produced through sterile culture when local inoculum is not available. Finally, life‐history characteristics of inoculated fungi may provide general guidelines relative to the likelihood of establishment and spread. We recommend that, when using non‐local fungi, managers choose fungal taxa that carry life‐history traits that may minimize the likelihood of deleterious invasive species problems. Additional research is needed on the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to spread to non‐target areas and cause ecological damage.

Genetic influence on human lifespan and longevity - Jacob vB. Hjelmborg; Ivan Iachine; Axel Skytthe; James W. Vaupel; Matt McGue; Markku Koskenvuo; Jaakko Kaprio; Nancy L. Pedersen; Kaare Christensen (Human Genetics, 2006)

The Spatial Structure of Variability in a Semi-arid, Fluvial Ecosystem - David Bruce Lewis; John D. Schade; Anne K. Huth; Nancy B. Grimm (Ecosystems, 2006)

Functional genomics of Buchnera and the ecology of aphid hosts - NANCY A. MORAN; PATRICK H. DEGNAN (Molecular Ecology, 2006)
In many animal groups, mutualistic bacterial symbionts play a central role in host ecology, by provisioning rare nutrients and thus enabling specialization on restricted diets. Among such symbionts, genomic studies are most advanced for Buchnera , the obligate symbiont of aphids, which feed on phloem sap. The contents of the highly reduced Buchnera genomes have verified its role in aphid nutrition. Comparisons of Buchnera gene sets indicate ongoing, irreversible gene losses that are expected to affect aphid nutritional needs. Furthermore, almost all regulatory genes have been eliminated, raising the question of whether and how gene expression responds to environmental change. Microarray studies on genome‐wide expression indicate that Buchnera has evolved some constitutive changes in gene expression: homologues of heat stress genes have elevated transcript levels in Buchnera (relative to other bacteria) even in the absence of stress. Additionally, the microarray results indicate that responses to heat stress and to amino acid availability are both few and modest. Observed responses are consistent with control by the few ancestral regulators retained in the genome. Initial studies on the role of host genes in mediating the symbiosis reveal distinctive expression patterns in host cells harbouring Buchnera . In the near future, a complete genome of pea aphid will accelerate progress in understanding the functional integration of aphid and Buchnera genomes. Although information for other insect symbioses is relatively limited, studies on symbionts of carpenter ants and tsetse flies indicate many similarities to Buchnera .

Northern Rivers Ecosystem Initiative: Nutrients and Dissolved Oxygen – Issues and Impacts - Patricia A. Chambers; Joseph M. Culp; Nancy E. Glozier; Kevin J. Cash; Fred J. Wrona; Leigh Noton (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006)

Cognitive function and nigrostriatal markers in abstinent methamphetamine abusers - Chris-Ellyn Johanson; Kirk A. Frey; Leslie H. Lundahl; Pamela Keenan; Nancy Lockhart; John Roll; Gantt P. Galloway; Robert A. Koeppe; Michael R. Kilbourn; Trevor Robbins; Charles R. Schuster (Psychopharmacology, 2006)

Holocene forest development along the Setesdal valley, southern Norway, reconstructed from macrofossil and pollen evidence - Wenche Eide; Hilary H. Birks; Nancy H. Bigelow; Sylvia M. Peglar; H. John B. Birks (Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2006)

Determination of a Human Hepatic Microsomal Scaling Factor for Predicting in Vivo Drug Clearance - Nancy Hakooz; Kiyomi Ito; Helen Rawden; Helen Gill; Lynn Lemmers; Alan R. Boobis; Robert J. Edwards; David J. Carlile; Brian G. Lake; J. Brian Houston (Pharmaceutical Research, 2006)

Expression of mRNA for a newly identified Pax5 exon is reduced in multiple myeloma - Nancy D. Borson; Martha Q. Lacy; Peter J. Wettstein (Mammalian Genome, 2006)

Trends in Proboscidean Diversity in the African Cenozoic - Nancy E. Todd (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2006)

Race/Ethnicity and Changing US Socioeconomic Gradients in Breast Cancer Incidence: California and Massachusetts, 1978–2002 (United States) - Nancy Krieger; Jarvis T. Chen; Pamela D. Waterman; David H. Rehkopf; Ruihua Yin; Brent A. Coull (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Time Course of Processes Underlying Picture and Word Evaluation: An Event-Related Potential Approach - Allen Azizian; Todd D. Watson; Muhammad A. Parvaz; Nancy K. Squires (Brain Topography, 2006)

Oscillations and slow patterning in the antennal lobe - Ehud Sivan; Nancy Kopell (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2006)

Nitric oxide synthase gene transfer and treatment of restenosis: from bench to bedside - Heiko E. von der Leyen; Nancy Chew (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2006)

Breast Cancer Screening among Low-Income or Uninsured Women: Results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Pogram, July 1995 to March 2002 (United States) - Christie R. Eheman; Vicki B. Benard; Donald Blackman; Herschel W. Lawson; Christa Anderson; William Helsel; Nancy C. Lee (Cancer Causes & Control, 2006)

Outdoor Studies on the Effects of Solar UV-B on bryophytes: Overview and Methodology - Peter Boelen; M. Karin de Boer; Nancy V. J. de Bakker; Jelte Rozema (Plant Ecology, 2006)

Reconstructing the development of eutrophication in Louisiana salt marshes - Michael L. Parsons; Quay Dortch; R. Eugene Turner; Nancy R. Rabalais (Limnology and Oceanography, 2006)
We collected sediment cores from three salt marsh ponds in coastal Louisiana to test the usefulness of proxies of eutrophication. One‐centimeter increments of 210 Pb‐ and 137 Cs‐dated sediment were analyzed for diatoms, pigments (phaeophytin and chlorophyll a ), biogenic silica, percentage organic matter, percentage carbon, and percentage nitrogen. Both sediment chlorophyll a and a diatom‐based trophic index (TI) were significantly and positively correlated with riverine or local nutrient indices. Two diatom species, Amphora copulata Giffen and Navicula yarrensis Grunow, were significantly and negatively correlated with riverine and local nutrient indices. These results suggest that these variables can be used as potential indicators of trophic status. Results from a complete‐linkage cluster analysis on the diatom assemblage data demonstrated that the sediment cores could be split into three time periods: early 1900s (pre‐1930s/1940s), mid‐1900s (1930s/40s to 1960s/1970s), and late 1900s (1960s/70s to 1990s). Examination of the sediment chlorophyll a and TI data over these time periods, coupled with an analysis of variance of nutrient inputs between the time periods, suggests that nutrient loading increased dramatically from the mid‐ 1960s to the mid‐1970s. This study demonstrates that (1) a retrospective analysis of sediment cores can be conducted in highly variable salt marsh ponds and (2) these salt marsh environments are already affected by the higher nutrient loads from both riverine and local processes occurring over the last 50 years. Additional nutrient loading, e.g., from river diversion projects for the lower Mississippi River, may exacerbate eutrophication already evident in the marsh environment.

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem - Diane Hope; Weixing Zhu; Corinna Gries; Jacob Oleson; Jason Kaye; Nancy B. Grimm; Lawrence A. Baker (Urban Ecosystems, 2005)

Mycorrhizal Status Influences the Rate but not the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Respiration - J. Adam Langley; Nancy C. Johnson; George W. Koch (Plant and Soil, 2005)

Dual Roles for Mcm10 in DNA Replication Initiation and Silencing at the Mating-type Loci - Nancy L. Douglas; Samantha K. Dozier; Justin J. Donato (Molecular Biology Reports, 2005)

Localization of PSORS1 to a haplotype block harboring HLA-C and distinct from corneodesmosin and HCR - Cynthia Helms; Nancy L. Saccone; Li Cao; Jil A. Wright. Daw; Kai Cao; Tony M. Hsu; Patricia Taillon-Miller; Shenghui Duan; Derek Gordon; Brandon Pierce; Jurg Ott; John Rice; et al. (Human Genetics, 2005)

Transitions in microtubule C-termini conformations as a possible dendritic signaling phenomenon - Avner Priel; Jack A. Tuszynski; Nancy J. Woolf (European Biophysics Journal, 2005)

Tracking carbon from the atmosphere to the rhizosphere - Pål A. Olsson; Nancy C. Johnson (Ecology Letters, 2005)
Turnover rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may influence storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). We examined the longevity of AM hyphae in monoxenic cultures; and we also used 13 C incorporation into signature fatty acids to study C dynamics in a mycorrhizal symbiosis involving Glomus intraradices and Plantago lanceolata . 13 C enrichment of signature fatty acids showed rapid transfer of plant assimilates to AM fungi and a gradual release of C from roots to rhizosphere bacteria, but at a much slower rate. Furthermore, most C assimilated by AM fungi remained 32 days after labelling. These findings indicate that 13 C labelled fatty acids can be used to track C flux from the atmosphere to the rhizosphere and that retention of C in AM fungal mycelium may contribute significantly to SOC.

Isogene specific oligo arrays reveal multifaceted changes in gene expression during grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) development - Nancy Terrier; David Glissant; Jérôme Grimplet; François Barrieu; Philippe Abbal; Carole Couture; Agnès Ageorges; Rossitza Atanassova; Céline Léon; Jean-Pierre Renaudin; Fabienne Dédaldéchamp; Charles Romieu; et al. (Planta, 2005)

Variations in plant metallothioneins: the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens as a study case - Nancy H. Roosens; Raphael Leplae; Catherine Bernard; Nathalie Verbruggen (Planta, 2005)

Interaction between inflammation-related gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on the risk of myocardial infarction in the Physician’s Health Study - Sarah A. Rosner; Paul M. Ridker; Robert Y. L. Zee; Nancy R. Cook (Human Genetics, 2005)

Analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of three members of the Montastraea annularis coral species complex (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia) - Hironobu Fukami; Nancy Knowlton (Coral Reefs, 2005)

Spatial variation of soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity in temperate alley cropping systems - Nancy W. Mungai; Peter P. Motavalli; Robert J. Kremer; Kelly A. Nelson (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2005)

Do patterns of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) diet, population trend and cetacean occurrence reflect oceanographic domains from the Alaska Peninsula to the central Aleutian Islands? - ELIZABETH H. SINCLAIR; SUE E. MOORE; NANCY A. FRIDAY; TONYA K. ZEPPELIN; JANICE M. WAITE (Fisheries Oceanography, 2005)
Shipboard surveys were conducted along the Aleutian Islands in 2001 and 2002 to assess the influence of a suite of biophysical parameters on regional patterns in the distribution of cetaceans and Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus ). Distributions of four large whale species: fin ( Balaenoptera physalus ), humpback ( Megaptera novaeangliae ), minke ( B. acutorostrata ) and sperm ( Physeter macrocephalus ) aligned with proposed metapopulation breaks in diet and population trend of SSLs. Dall's porpoise ( Phocoenoides dalli ) and killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) were widely distributed throughout the study area, and killer whales were particularly prevalent along the north Aleutian Island coastlines between Unimak Pass and Samalga Pass. Biopsies determined that most killer whales (92%) were of the piscivorous (resident) ecotype as opposed to the mammal‐eating (transient) ecotype observed in 2002 only. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore relationships between these multispecies patterns in distribution, oceanographic variables (salinity, temperature, fluorescence and depth) and proximity to six Aleutian passes. The GAMs indicated the best‐fit models and most significant correlations as determined by the Akaike function and Cp‐statistics were: depth and proximity to the nearest measured pass for SSLs and all cetaceans, respectively; frequencies of herring and salmon in SSL diet with population trend; fluorescence in the top 50 m with occurrence of humpback, minke, and killer whales; and surface temperature with occurrence of humpback, killer, and sperm whales. Results of the GAM analyses suggest foci for future investigation of relationships between physical variables and interspecific patterns of marine mammal distribution.

Tidal front affects the size of prey used by a top marine predator, the short‐tailed shearwater ( Puffinus tenuirostris ) - LUCY S. VLIETSTRA; KENNETH O. COYLE; NANCY B. KACHEL; GEORGE L. HUNT (Fisheries Oceanography, 2005)
Oceanographic features are known to influence the distribution of marine predators by affecting the abundance and distribution of their prey. We tested the hypothesis that oceanographic features also affect predator distribution by enhancing the profitability of small‐sized prey. During July and August 1999, short‐tailed shearwaters feeding in Akutan Pass, Alaska (Aleutian Islands) fed upon small (11.6 ± 0.2 mm) euphausiids present in high density near the sea surface. Conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) casts, hydroacoustic surveys, and net tows revealed that high densities of small euphausiids were associated with a tidal front on the north side of Akutan Pass. At most sites elsewhere in the Bering Sea, away from tidal fronts, shearwaters selected larger (14.2–20.1 mm) euphausiids, even when small euphausiids were present. This study provides evidence that, by promoting high densities of easily accessible prey, oceanographic features can broaden the range of prey sizes taken by marine predators.

Dissolved saxitoxin causes transient inhibition of sensorimotor function in larval Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) - Kathi A. Lefebvre; Nancy E. Elder; Paul K. Hershberger; Vera L. Trainer; Carla M. Stehr; Nathaniel L. Scholz (Marine Biology, 2005)

Neoseiulus Californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a Potential Control Agent of Tetranychus Urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): Effect of Pest/Predator Ratio on Pest Abundance on Strawberry - Nancy M. Greco; Norma E. Sánchez; Gerardo G. Liljesthröm (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2005)

A Collaborative, Comprehensive Approach to Fulfilling the Promise of Cancer Prevention and Control - Ralph J. Coates; Leslie S. Given; Nancy C. Lee; Graham Colditz (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Differences in Yields, Residue Composition and N Mineralization Dynamics of Bt and Non-Bt Maize - Nancy W. Mungai; Peter P. Motavalli; Kelly A. Nelson; Robert J. Kremer (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2005)

Quantitative trait loci for hip dysplasia in a crossbreed canine pedigree - Rory J. Todhunter; Raluca Mateescu; George Lust; Nancy I. Burton-Wurster; Nathan L. Dykes; Stuart P. Bliss; Alma J. Williams; Margaret Vernier-Singer; Elizabeth Corey; Carlos Harjes; Richard L. Quaas; Zhiwu Zhang; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2005)

Reproductive success and genetic divergence among varieties of the rare and endangered Astragalus cremnophylax (Fabaceae) from Arizona, USA - Loreen Allphin; Nancy Brian; Taina Matheson (Conservation Genetics, 2005)

Molecular analysis indicates gene flow among populations of Paralvinella pandorae Desbruyères and Laubier 1986 (Alvinellidae, Terebellida), a polychaete annelid endemic to hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific - James D. Knowles; Emily Wenink; Nancy Schult; Verena Tunnicliffe; Damhnait McHugh (Marine Ecology, 2005)
The polychaete annelid Paralvinella pandorae Desbruyères and Laubier 1986 is endemic to hydrothermal vents in the northeast Pacific, and is found at almost all vents sites along the 500‐km long Juan de Fuca ridge (JdF) system. The sperm morphology of P. pandorae indicates that fertilization occurs internally or in the worm's tube, and the maximum observed oocyte size of 215 μ m suggests that a dispersive larval phase is short or non‐existent. Size frequency analyses of populations of P. pandorae suggest continuous or semi‐continuous recruitment of juveniles. Given our limited knowledge of the species’ life history, we predicted that populations of P. pandorae would exhibit a decline in genetic similarity with increasing distance among populations along the JdF. While our attempts to use amplified fragment length polymorphisms to test this prediction were not successful, our analysis of cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences provided insights into the phylogeography of the species. For 31 individuals from five sites along the JdF there is little sequence variation among individuals and no phylogeographic pattern among haplotypes from populations separated by distances of up to 210 km. These results indicate that gene flow occurs among all sites in the analyses, i.e. despite the very limited dispersal potential inferred from life history characteristics of this worm, there is no evidence for isolation‐by‐distance across the geographical scale of the study. Demersal larvae dispersed by near‐bottom currents might explain the gene flow among sites, as well as the establishment of populations of P. pandorae at new vents within a year.

Paroxetine is effective in desensitizing 5-HT1A receptor function in adult offspring exposed prenatally to cocaine - Zhuo Chen; Julie Tetzlaff; Kumar Sripathirathan; Gonzalo A. Carrasco; Mahalakshmi Shankaran; Louis D. Van De Kar; Nancy A. Muma; George Battaglia (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Programmed cell death and leaf morphogenesis in Monstera obliqua (Araceae) - Arunika H. L. A. N. Gunawardena; Kathy Sault; Petra Donnelly; John S. Greenwood; Nancy G. Dengler (Planta, 2005)

A comprehensive SNP-based genetic analysis of inbred mouse strains - Shirley Tsang; Zhonghe Sun; Brian Luke; Claudia Stewart; Nicole Lum; Melissa Gregory; Xiaolin Wu; Marianne Subleski; Nancy A. Jenkins; Neal G. Copeland; David J. Munroe (Mammalian Genome, 2005)

Haplotype structure and phylogenetic shadowing of a hypervariable region in the CAPN10 gene - Vanessa J. Clark; Nancy J. Cox; Molly Hammond; Craig L. Hanis; Anna Di Rienzo (Human Genetics, 2005)

Species of plants and associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate mycorrhizal responses to CO 2 enrichment - Nancy Collins Johnson; Julie Wolf; Melissa A. Reyes; Ashley Panter; George W. Koch; Andrea Redman (Global Change Biology, 2005)
It has been suggested that enrichment of atmospheric CO 2 should alter mycorrhizal function by simultaneously increasing nutrient‐uptake benefits and decreasing net C costs for host plants. However, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently tested. We conducted three experiments to examine the impacts of CO 2 enrichment on the function of different combinations of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi grown under high and low soil nutrient availability. Across the three experiments, AM function was measured in 14 plant species, including forbs, C 3 and C 4 grasses, and plant species that are typically nonmycorrhizal. Five different AM fungal communities were used for inoculum, including mixtures of Glomus spp. and mixtures of Gigasporaceae (i.e. Gigaspora and Scutellospora spp.). Our results do not support the hypothesis that CO 2 enrichment should consistently increase plant growth benefits from AM fungi, but rather, we found CO 2 enrichment frequently reduced AM benefits. Furthermore, we did not find consistent evidence that enrichment of soil nutrients increases plant growth responses to CO 2 enrichment and decreases plant growth responses to AM fungi. Our results show that the strength of AM mutualisms vary significantly among fungal and plant taxa, and that CO 2 levels further mediate AM function. In general, when CO 2 enrichment interacted with AM fungal taxa to affect host plant dry weight, it increased the beneficial effects of Gigasporaceae and reduced the benefits of Glomus spp. Future studies are necessary to assess the importance of temperature, irradiance, and ambient soil fertility in this response. We conclude that the affects of CO 2 enrichment on AM function varies with plant and fungal taxa, and when making predictions about mycorrhizal function, it is unwise to generalize findings based on a narrow range of plant hosts, AM fungi, and environmental conditions.

Chronic mild stress induces behavioral and physiological changes, and may alter serotonin 1A receptor function, in male and cycling female rats - Angela J. Grippo; Nicole R. Sullivan; Katerina J. Damjanoska; James W. Crane; Gonzalo A. Carrasco; Ju Shi; Zhuo Chen; Francisca Garcia; Nancy A. Muma; Louis D. Van de Kar (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Arabidopsis emb175 and other ppr knockout mutants reveal essential roles for pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in plant embryogenesis - Daniel A. Cushing; Nancy R. Forsthoefel; Daniel R. Gestaut; Daniel M. Vernon (Planta, 2005)

Growth and mineral element composition in two ecotypes of Thlaspi caerulescens on Cd contaminated soil - Caroline Dechamps; Nancy H. Roosens; Céline Hotte; Pierre Meerts (Plant and Soil, 2005)

Fossil Evidence and the Origin of Bats - Gregg F. Gunnell; Nancy B. Simmons (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2005)

Occupational class, occupational mobility and cancer incidence among middle-aged men and women: a prospective study of the French GAZEL cohort* - Maria Melchior; Marcel Goldberg; Nancy Krieger; Ichiro Kawachi; Gwenn Menvielle; Marie Zins; Lisa F. Berkman (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Escalation of intravenous cocaine self-administration, progressive-ratio performance, and reinstatement in rats selectively bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) saccharin intake - Andrew D. Morgan; Nancy K. Dess; Marilyn E. Carroll (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Mutations in Sendai virus variant F1-R that correlate with plaque formation in the absence of trypsin - Xiaogang Hou; Edgar Suquilanda; Ana Zeledon; Apollo Kacsinta; Akila Moore; Joseph Seto; Nancy McQueen (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2005)

Atlas and classification scheme of arctic combustion particles suitablefor paleoenvironmental work - Nancy C. Doubleday; John P. Smol (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2005)

Acto-myosin cytoskeleton dependent viscosity and shear-thinning behavior of the amoeba cytoplasm - Sabrina Marion; Nancy Guillen; Jean-Claude Bacri; Claire Wilhelm (European Biophysics Journal, 2005)

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci from Ambystoma salamanders - Dean A. Croshaw; Nancy A. Schable; Maureen B. Peters; Travis C. Glenn (Conservation Genetics, 2005)

Nest Paper Absorbency, Toughness, and Protein Concentration of a Native vs. an Invasive Social Wasp - Tracy R. Curtis; Yaira Aponte; Nancy E. Stamp (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005)

Leaf anatomy of Cynara scolymus L. in successive micropropagation stages - Nancy M. Apóstolo; Cristina B. Brutti; Berta E. Llorente (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2005)

Damage, digestion, and defence: the roles of alarm cues and kairomones for inducing prey defences - Nancy M. Schoeppner; Rick A. Relyea (Ecology Letters, 2005)
Inducible defences are widely used for studying phenotypic plasticity, yet frequently we know little about the cues that induce these defences. For aquatic prey, defences are induced by chemical cues from predators (kairomones) and injured prey (alarm cues). Rarely has anyone determined the separate and combined effects of these cues, particularly across phylogenetically diverse prey types. We examined how tadpoles ( Hyla versicolor ) altered their defences when 10 different prey were either crushed by hand or consumed by predators. Across all prey types, crushing induced only a subset of the defences induced by consumption. Consuming vs. crushing produced additive responses for behaviour but synergistic responses for morphology and growth. Moreover, we discovered the first extensive evidence that prey responses to different alarm cues depends on prey phylogeny. These results suggest that the amount of information available to the prey affects both the quantitative and qualitative nature of the defended phenotype.

Effects of mGlu1 receptor blockade on anxiety-related behaviour in the rat lick suppression test - Thomas Steckler; Hilde Lavreysen; Ana M. Oliveira; Nancy Aerts; Hansfried Van Craenendonck; Jos Prickaerts; Anton Megens; Anne S. J. Lesage (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Transcriptome analysis of alfalfa glandular trichomes - Naveed Aziz; Nancy L. Paiva; Gregory D. May; Richard A. Dixon (Planta, 2005)

Dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women (United States) - Jennifer Lin; Shumin M. Zhang; Nancy R. Cook; Kathryn M. Rexrode; Simin Liu; JoAnn E. Manson; I-Min Lee; Julie E. Buring (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Non-native plants in the understory of riparian forests across a land use gradient in the Southeast - Nancy J. Loewenstein; Edward F. Loewenstein (Urban Ecosystems, 2005)

The co-occurrence of an introduced biological control agent (Coleoptera: Coccinella septempunctata) and an endangered butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaeides melissa samuelis) - Nancy A. Schellhorn; Cynthia P. Lane; Dawn M. Olson (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2005)

Oceanography, Science, and Academia: Women Making a Difference - Nancy Marcus (Oceanography, 2005)

Escalation of intravenous cocaine self-administration, progressive-ratio performance, and reinstatement in rats selectively bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) saccharin intake - Andrew D. Morgan; Nancy K. Dess; Marilyn E. Carroll (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Cancer disparities: developing a multidisciplinary research agenda ? preface - Nancy Krieger; Karen M. Emmons; Karen Burns White (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Defining and investigating social disparities in cancer: critical issues - Nancy Krieger (Cancer Causes & Control, 2005)

Cusp geometry in MHD simulations - George Siscoe; Nancy Crooker; Keith Siebert; Nelson Maynard; Daniel Weimer; Willard White (Surveys in Geophysics, 2005)

ERGOVALINE MOVEMENT ACROSS CACO-2 CELLS - NANCY W. SHAPPELL; DAVID J. SMITH (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

MODELING THE AIRWAY EPITHELIUM IN ALLERGIC ASTHMA: INTERLEUKIN-13– INDUCED EFFECTS IN DIFFERENTIATED MURINE TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS - SUSAN M. LANKFORD; MARIANGELA MACCHIONE; ANNE L. CREWS; SHAUN A. MCKANE; NANCY J. AKLEY; LINDA D. MARTIN (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

ERGOVALINE MOVEMENT ACROSS CACO-2 CELLS - Nancy W. Shappell; David J. Smith (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

Modeling the Airway Epithelium in Allergic Asthma: Interleukin-13-induced Effects in Differentiated Murine Tracheal Epithelial Cells - Susan Lankford; Mariangela Macchione; Anne Crews; Shaun McKane; Nancy Akley; Linda Martin (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2005)

CHANGES OVER TIME IN THE ALLELOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF TEN CULTIVARS OF RYE (Secale cereale L.) - S. CHRIS REBERG-HORTON; JAMES D. BURTON; DAVID A. DANEHOWER; GUOYING MA; DAVID W. MONKS; J. PAUL MURPHY; NOAH N. RANELLS; JOHN D. WILLIAMSON; NANCY G. CREAMER (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005)

Rationale and design of the National Program of Cancer Registries' breast, colon, and prostate cancer patterns of care study - Kathleen McDavid; Maria J. Schymura; Lori Armstrong; Loretta Santilli; Beth Schmidt; Tim Byers; C. Brooke. Steele; Lilia O'Connor; Nancy C. Schlag; Winny Roshala; Dottie Darcy; Genevieve Matanoski; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Spatial patterns of the surf zone hyperbenthic fauna of Valdivia Bay (Ecuador) - Luis Domnguez granda; Nancy Fockedey; Micheline De mey; Bregje Beyst; Maria del Pilar Cornejo; Jorge Calderon; Magda Vincx (Hydrobiologia, 2004)

TP53 haplotype-based analysis and incidence of post-angioplasty restenosis - Robert Y. L. Zee; Nancy R. Cook; Chung-Ah Kim; Arturo Fernandez-Cruz; Klaus Lindpaintner (Human Genetics, 2004)

Resource pulses, species interactions, and diversity maintenance in arid and semi-arid environments - Peter Chesson; Renate L. E. Gebauer; Susan Schwinning; Nancy Huntly; Kerstin Wiegand; Morgan S. K. Ernest; Anna Sher; Ariel Novoplansky; Jake F. Weltzin (Oecologia, 2004)

Proteoglycans in brain development - Nancy B. Schwartz; Miriam Domowicz (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004)

Costs and benefits of communal rearing to female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) - Loren Donald Hayes; Nancy Gail Solomon (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2004)

Abundance and Species Richness of Nocturnal Insects on Organic and Conventional Farms: Effects of Agricultural Intensification on Bat Foraging - LIAT P. WICKRAMASINGHE; STEPHEN HARRIS; GARETH JONES; NANCY VAUGHAN JENNINGS (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Insects are the principal food for many animals, including bats (Chiroptera), and all species of bats in the United Kingdom feed over agricultural habitats. Bat populations are declining throughout Europe, probably in part as a result of agricultural intensification. Organic farming prohibits the use of agrochemicals, a major component of agricultural intensification, making it an ideal control for a study of intensive agricultural systems. To evaluate the impact of agricultural intensification on bat foraging, we quantified the availability of bat prey by comparing nocturnal aerial insects captured within habitats on 24 matched pairs of organic and conventional farms. Insects were identified to family and moths to species. We compared the abundance of 18 insect families commonly eaten by bats in the United Kingdom between farm types and tested for correlations of abundance with bat activity. Insect abundance, species richness, and moth species diversity were significantly higher on organic farms than on conventional farms. Insect abundance was significantly higher in pastural and water habitats on organic farms than in the same habitats on conventional farms. Of the 18 insect families that are important components of the bat diet, 5 were significantly more abundant on organic farms overall. Some were also more abundant within organic pastural, woodland, and water habitats than on conventional farmland habitats. The activity of bats that mainly ate Lepidoptera was significantly correlated with the abundance of this order. Our observations suggest that agricultural intensification has a profound impact on nocturnal insect communities. Because bats are resource limited, a reduction in prey availability through agricultural intensification will adversely affect bat populations. Less‐intensive farming benefits British bat populations by providing and maintaining diverse and structurally varied habitats, which in turn support a wide selection of insect prey for bats, including insect families that are significant components of the diet of a number of rare bat species.

Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: The case of Central Arizona—Phoenix - Nancy B. Grimm; Charles L. Redman (Urban Ecosystems, 2004)

Differential sectoriality in long-distance transport in temperate tree species: evidence from dye flow, 15N transport, and vessel element pitting - Colin M. Orians; Margret M. I. van Vuuren; Nancy L. Harris; Benjamin A. Babst; George S. Ellmore (Trees, 2004)

Regulation of aflatoxin synthesis by FadA/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling in Aspergillus parasiticus - Ludmila V. Roze; Randolph M. Beaudry; Nancy P. Keller; John E. Linz (Mycopathologia, 2004)

A Polyhydroxybutyrate-Producing Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from Antarctic Environments with High Stress Resistance - Nicols D. Ayub; M. Julia Pettinari; Jimena A. Ruiz; Nancy I. Lpez (Current Microbiology, 2004)

A Compartment Model for the Membrane-Coated Fiber Technique Used for Determining the Absorption Parameters of Chemicals into Lipophilic Membranes - Xin-Rui Xia; Ronald E. Baynes; Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Jim E. Riviere (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

Carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and nitrogen cycling rates in streams - Walter K. Dodds; Eugenia Martí; Jennifer L. Tank; Jeffrey Pontius; Stephen K. Hamilton; Nancy B. Grimm; William B. Bowden; William H. McDowell; Bruce J. Peterson; H. Maurice Valett; Jackson R. Webster; Stan Gregory (Oecologia, 2004)

Quantitative trait loci in Chromosomes 3, 8, and 9 regulate antibody production against Salmonella flagellar antigensin the mouse - Carla M. de Souza; Laurence Morel; Wafa H.K. Cabrera; Nancy Starobinas; Orlando G. Ribeiro; Maria Siqueira; Olga M. Ibañez; Marcelo De Franco (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

Body Mass Index and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women (United States) - Jennifer Lin; Shumin M. Zhang; Nancy R. Cook; Kathryn M. Rexrode; I-Min Lee; Julie E. Buring (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Mutational and functional analysis of SLC4A4 in a patient with proximal renal tubular acidosis - Jun Inatomi; Shoko Horita; Nancy Braverman; Takashi Sekine; Hideomi Yamada; Yoshiro Suzuki; Katsumasa Kawahara; Nobuo Moriyama; Akihiko Kudo; Hayato Kawakami; Mitsunobu Shimadzu; Hitoshi Endou; et al. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2004)

‘Swimming lessons …’ perhaps, but for whom? - Nancy C. Doubleday (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2004)

Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity - John C. Moore; Eric L. Berlow; David C. Coleman; Peter C. de Ruiter; Quan Dong; Alan Hastings; Nancy Collins Johnson; Kevin S. McCann; Kim Melville; Peter J. Morin; Knute Nadelhoffer; Amy D. Rosemond; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2004)
Traditional approaches to the study of food webs emphasize the transfer of local primary productivity in the form of living plant organic matter across trophic levels. However, dead organic matter, or detritus, a common feature of most ecosystems plays a frequently overlooked role as a dynamic heterogeneous resource and habitat for many species. We develop an integrative framework for understanding the impact of detritus that emphasizes the ontogeny and heterogeneity of detritus and the various ways that explicit inclusion of detrital dynamics alters generalizations about the structure and functioning of food webs. Through its influences on food web composition and dynamics, detritus often increases system stability and persistence, having substantial effects on trophic structure and biodiversity. Inclusion of detrital heterogeneity in models of food web dynamics is an essential new direction for ecological research.

Environmental effects on germination of Carex utriculata and Carex nebrascensis relative to riparian restoration - Kimberly L. Jones; Bruce A. Roundy; Nancy L. Shaw; Jeffrey R. Taylor (Wetlands, 2004)

Phosphorylation by protein kinase CKII modulates the DNA-binding activity of a chloroplast nucleoid-associated protein - Nancy Peffer; Iris Meier; Sun Yong Jeong (Planta, 2004)

Sustainability Indicators as a Communicative Tool: Building Bridges in Pennsylvania - Kathi K. Beratan; Stanley J. Kabala; Shirley M. Loveless; Paula J.S. Martin; Nancy P. Spyke (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2004)

rpoS Gene Expression in Carbon-Starved Cultures of the Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Accumulating Species Pseudomonas oleovorans - Jimena A. Ruiz; Nancy I. Lpez; Beatriz S. Mndez (Current Microbiology, 2004)

Non-Indigenous Woody Invasive Plants in a Rural New England Town - Andrew M. Barton; Lauri B. Brewster; Anne N. Cox; Nancy K. Prentiss (Biological Invasions, 2004)

Variants of CYP46A1 may interact with age and APOE to influence CSF A42 levels in Alzheimer?s disease - Lars Feuk; Boo Johansson; Nenad Bogdanovic; Annica Johansson; Niels Andreasen; Boris Lenhard; Anthony J. Brookes; Nancy L. Pedersen; Kaj Blennow; Jonathan A. Prince; Henrik Zetterberg; Hagit Katzov (Human Genetics, 2004)

Evolution of a complex isolated dome system, Cerro Pizarro, central Mxico - Nancy Riggs; Gerardo Carrasco-Nunez (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004)

Influence of fluoxetine on positive and negative affect in a clinic-based smoking cessation trial - Jessica Werth Cook; Bonnie Spring; Dennis E. McChargue; Belinda Borrelli; Brian Hitsman; Raymond Niaura; Nancy J. Keuthen; Jean Kristeller (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Common variants of ACE contribute to variable age-at-onset of Alzheimer’s disease - Patrick G. Kehoe; Hagit Katzov; Niels Andreasen; Maragaret Gatz; Gordon K. Wilcock; Nigel J. Cairns; Juni Palmgren; Ulf de Faire; Anthony J. Brookes; Nancy L. Pedersen; Kaj Blennow; Jonathan A. Prince (Human Genetics, 2004)

Referent configuration of the body: a global factor in the control of multiple skeletal muscles - Nancy St-Onge; Anatol G. Feldman (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

Integrated Analysis of Physical and Biological Pan-Arctic Change - James E. Overland; Michael C. Spillane; Nancy N. Soreide (Climatic Change, 2004)

Optimization of diagnostic microarray for application in analysing landfill methanotroph communities under different plant covers - Nancy Stralis‐Pavese; Angela Sessitsch; Alexandra Weilharter; Thomas Reichenauer; Johann Riesing; József Csontos; J. Colin Murrell; Levente Bodrossy (Environmental Microbiology, 2004)
Summary Landfill sites are responsible for 6–12% of global methane emission. Methanotrophs play a very important role in decreasing landfill site methane emissions. We investigated the methane oxidation capacity and methanotroph diversity in lysimeters simulating landfill sites with different plant vegetations. Methane oxidation rates were 35 g methane m −2 day −1 or higher for planted lysimeters and 18 g methane m −2 day −1 or less for bare soil controls. Best methane oxidation, as displayed by gas depth profiles, was found under a vegetation of grass and alfalfa. Methanotroph communities were analysed at high throughput and resolution using a microbial diagnostic microarray targeting the particulate methane monooxygenase ( pmoA ) gene of methanotrophs and functionally related bacteria. Members of the genera Methylocystis and Methylocaldum were found to be the dominant members in landfill site simulating lysimeters. Soil bacterial communities in biogas free control lysimeters, which were less abundant in methanotrophs, were dominated by Methylocaldum . Type Ia methanotrophs were found only in the top layers of bare soil lysimeters with relatively high oxygen and low methane concentrations. A competetive advantage of type II methanotrophs over type Ia methanotrophs was indicated under all plant covers investigated. Analysis of average and individual results from parallel samples was used to identify general trends and variations in methanotroph community structures in relation to depth, methane supply and plant cover. The applicability of the technology for the detection of environmental perturbations was proven by an erroneous result, where an unexpected community composition detected with the microarray indicated a potential gas leakage in the lysimeter being investigated.

Zinc mobilisation from a contaminated soil by three genotypes of tobacco as affected by soil and rhizosphere pH - ¡AFF1¿Nancy Loosemore; Anne Straczek; Philippe Hinsinger; Beno^it Jaillard (Plant and Soil, 2004)

Potent cytotoxins produced by a microbial symbiont protect host larvae from predation - Nicole Lopanik; Niels Lindquist; Nancy Targett (Oecologia, 2004)

Alginic acids in Lessonia vadosa: Partial hydrolysis and elicitor properties of the polymannuronic acid fraction - Nancy P. Chandía; Betty Matsuhiro; Enrique Mejías; Alejandra Moenne (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2004)

TP53 haplotype-based analysis and incidence of post-angioplasty restenosis - Robert Y. L. Zee; Nancy R. Cook; Chung-Ah Kim; Arturo Fernandez-Cruz; Klaus Lindpaintner (Human Genetics, 2004)

Comparative fine mapping of fruit quality QTLs on chromosome 4 introgressions derived from two wild tomato species - Heather E. Yates; Anne Frary; Sami Doganlar; Anna Frampton; Nancy T. Eannetta; John Uhlig; Steven D. Tanksley (Euphytica, 2004)

From Postdecisional Appeals to Predecisional Objections: Democratic Accountability in National Forest Planning - Nancy Manring (Journal of Forestry, 2004)
On December 6, 2002, the USDA Forest Service published a proposed planning rule that replaces postdecisional appeals of land and resource management plans with a “predecisional objection process” within a framework of collaborative planning for sustainability. This article examines the Forest Service's rationale for eliminating postdecisional appeals, provides an overview of accountability relationships, and explores the implications for democratic accountability if the proposed rule eliminating postdecisional appeals is adopted. Appeals have provided an important mechanism of accountability in forest planning. There are questions about whether the objection process will provide a comparable means of accountability. The change represents a shift away from traditional legal and hierarchical accountability relationships toward accountability based on public deliberation and scientific input in a collaborative planning process. The success of such a model depends on successfully institutionalizing collaborative planning throughout a large, decentralized organization.

Variation on Frugivory: The Diet of Venezuelan White-Faced Sakis - Marilyn A. Norconk; Nancy Lou Conklin-Brittain (International Journal of Primatology, 2004)

Serum levels of sex hormones and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: a case–control study (USA) - Susan R. Sturgeon; Nancy Potischman; Kathleen E. Malone; Joanne F. Dorgan; Janet Daling; Cathy Schairer; Louise A. Brinton (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Performance of a newly developed integrant of Zymomonas mobilis for ethanol production on corn stover hydrolysate - Ali Mohagheghi; Nancy Dowe; Daniel Schell; Yat-Chen Chou; Christina Eddy; Min Zhang (Biotechnology Letters, 2004)

Zapoteca formosa: Sulfur Chemistry and Phytotoxicity - Nancy Lane; Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer; John T. Romeo (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004)

The utility of ?tolerance? as a concept in the study of drug self-administration - S. Stevens Negus; Nancy K. Mello; S. Barak Caine (Psychopharmacology, 2004)