Composition and diversity of mucosa‐associated microbiota along the entire length of the pig gastrointestinal tract; dietary influences - Jennifer Kelly; Kristian Daly; Andrew W. Moran; Sheila Ryan; David Bravo; Soraya P. Shirazi‐Beechey (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Mucosa‐associated microbial populations of the gastrointestinal tract are in intimate contact with the outer mucus layer. This proximity offers these populations a higher potential, than lumenal microbiota, in exerting effects on the host. Functional characteristics of the microbiota and influences of host‐physiology shape the composition and activity of the mucosa‐associated bacterial community. We have shown previously that inclusion of an artificial sweetener, SUCRAM, included in the diet of weaning piglets modulates the composition of lumenal‐residing gut microbiota and reduces weaning‐related gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, using Illumina sequencing we characterised the mucosa‐associated microbiota along the length of the intestine of piglets, and determined the effect of SUCRAM supplementation on mucosa‐associated populations. There were clear distinctions in the composition of mucosa‐associated microbiota, between small and large intestine, concordant with differences in regional oxygen distribution and nutrient provision by the host. There were significant differences in the composition of mucosa‐associated compared with lumenal microbiota in pig caecum. Dietary supplementation with SUCRAM affected mucosa‐associated bacterial community structure along the length of the intestinal tract. Most notably, there was a substantial reduction in predominant Campylobacter populations proposing that SUCRAM supplementation of swine diet has potential for reducing meat contamination and promoting food safety.

A unified model explains commonness and rarity on coral reefs - Sean R. Connolly; Terry P. Hughes; David R. Bellwood (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Abundance patterns in ecological communities have important implications for biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem functioning. However, ecological theory has been largely unsuccessful at capturing multiple macroecological abundance patterns simultaneously. Here, we propose a parsimonious model that unifies widespread ecological relationships involving local aggregation, species‐abundance distributions, and species associations, and we test this model against the metacommunity structure of reef‐building corals and coral reef fishes across the western and central Pacific. For both corals and fishes, the unified model simultaneously captures extremely well local species‐abundance distributions, interspecific variation in the strength of spatial aggregation, patterns of community similarity, species accumulation, and regional species richness, performing far better than alternative models also examined here and in previous work on coral reefs. Our approach contributes to the development of synthetic theory for large‐scale patterns of community structure in nature, and to addressing ongoing challenges in biodiversity conservation at macroecological scales.

Seasonal survival estimation for a long-distance migratory bird and the influence of winter precipitation - Sarah M. Rockwell; Joseph M. Wunderle; T. Scott Sillett; Carol I. Bocetti; David N. Ewert; Dave Currie; Jennifer D. White; Peter P. Marra (Oecologia, 2017)

Impact of early prehistoric farming on chironomid communities in northwest Ireland - Karen J. Taylor; Aaron P. Potito; David W. Beilman; Beatrice Ghilardi; Michael O’Connell (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2017)

Spatio-Temporal Monitoring and Ecological Significance of Retrievable Pelagic Heterotrophic Bacteria in Kongsfjorden, an Arctic Fjord - Rupesh Kumar Sinha; K. P. Krishnan; Savita Kerkar; T. Divya David (Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2017)

Abnormal connectivity in the sensorimotor network predicts attention deficits in traumatic brain injury - Elena Shumskaya; Marcel A. J. van Gerven; David G. Norris; Pieter E. Vos; Roy P. C. Kessels (Experimental Brain Research, 2017)

The impact of Southern Ocean residual upwelling on atmospheric CO2 on centennial and millennial timescales - Jonathan M. Lauderdale; Richard G. Williams; David R. Munday; David P. Marshall (Climate Dynamics, 2017)

Use of ATP Readings to Predict a Successful Hygiene Intervention in the Workplace to Reduce the Spread of Viruses on Fomites - Laura Y. Sifuentes; Sonia L. M. Fankem; Kelly Reynolds; Akrum H. Tamimi; Charles P. Gerba; David Koenig (Food and Environmental Virology, 2017)

Source-Sink Dynamics: a Neglected Problem for Landscape-Scale Biodiversity Conservation in the Tropics - James J. Gilroy; David P. Edwards (Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 2017)

We need better understanding about functional diversity and vulnerability of tropical freshwater fishes - Jean R. S. Vitule; Angelo A. Agostinho; Valter M. Azevedo-Santos; Vanessa S. Daga; William R. T. Darwall; Daniel B. Fitzgerald; Fabrício A. Frehse; David J. Hoeinghaus; Dilermando P. Lima-Junior; André L. B. Magalhães; Mário L. Orsi; André A. Padial; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2017)

Comparative analysis of common regions found in babuviruses and alphasatellite molecules - Daisy Stainton; Darren P. Martin; David A. Collings; Arvind Varsani (Archives of Virology, 2017)

Clinical use comparison of a semiautomated PCR with fluorescent ribotyping for typing of Clostridium difficile - Abrar K. Thabit; M. Jahangir Alam; Carey-Ann D. Burnham; David P. Nicolau (Archives of Microbiology, 2017)

Recovery of lakes and coastal marine ecosystems from eutrophication: A global meta‐analysis - Michelle L. McCrackin; Holly P. Jones; Peter C. Jones; David Moreno‐Mateos (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
In order to inform policies aimed at reducing nutrient emissions to surface waters, it is essential to understand how aquatic ecosystems respond to eutrophication management. Using data from 89 studies worldwide, we examined responses to the reduction or cessation of anthropogenic nutrient inputs relative to baseline conditions. Baseline conditions were pre‐disturbance conditions, undisturbed reference sites, restoration targets, or experimental controls. We estimated recovery completeness (% baseline conditions reached) and recovery rate (annual % change relative to baseline conditions) for plant and animal abundance and diversity and for ecosystem functions. Categories were considered fully recovered if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of recovery completeness overlapped 100% and partially recovered if the CI did not overlap either 100% or zero. Cessation of nutrient inputs did not result in more complete or faster recovery than partial nutrient reductions, due likely to insufficient passage of time, nutrients from other sources, or shifting baselines. Together, lakes and coastal marine areas achieved 34% (±16% CI) and 24% (±15% CI) of baseline conditions decades after the cessation or partial reduction of nutrients, respectively. One third of individual response variables showed no change or worsened conditions, suggesting that achieving baseline conditions may not be possible in all cases. Implied recovery times after cessation of nutrient inputs varied widely, from

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

A global database of ant species abundances - Heloise Gibb; Rob R. Dunn; Nathan J. Sanders; Blair F. Grossman; Manoli Photakis; Silvia Abril; Donat Agosti; Alan N. Andersen; Elena Angulo; Inge Armbrecht; Xavier Arnan; Fabricio B. Baccaro; et al. (Ecology, 2017)
What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51 ,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo‐referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large‐scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set.

Identifying gene–gene interactions that are highly associated with four quantitative lipid traits across multiple cohorts - Rishika De; Shefali S. Verma; Emily Holzinger; Molly Hall; Amber Burt; David S. Carrell; David R. Crosslin; Gail P. Jarvik; Helena Kuivaniemi; Iftikhar J. Kullo; Leslie A. Lange; Matthew B. Lanktree; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Population genetic and behavioural variation of the two remaining colonies of Providence petrel (Pterodroma solandri) - Anicee J. Lombal; Theodore J. Wenner; Nicholas Carlile; Jeremy J. Austin; Eric Woehler; David Priddel; Christopher P. Burridge (Conservation Genetics, 2017)

Robustness, flexibility, and sensitivity in a multifunctional motor control model - David N. Lyttle; Jeffrey P. Gill; Kendrick M. Shaw; Peter J. Thomas; Hillel J. Chiel (Biological Cybernetics, 2017)

Effect of Arched Leaflets and Stent Profile on the Hemodynamics of Tri-Leaflet Flexible Polymeric Heart Valves - Atieh Yousefi; David L. Bark; Lakshmi P. Dasi (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Hemodynamic Performance and Thrombogenic Properties of a Superhydrophobic Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve - David L. Bark; Hamed Vahabi; Hieu Bui; Sanli Movafaghi; Brandon Moore; Arun K. Kota; Ketul Popat; Lakshmi P. Dasi (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2017)

Inhibition of forage seed germination by leaf litter extracts of overstory hardwoods used in silvopastoral systems - Jonathan J. Halvorson; David P. Belesky; Mark S. West (Agroforestry Systems, 2017)

Self‐fertilization, long‐distance flash invasion and biogeography shape the population structure of Pseudosuccinea columella at the worldwide scale - M. Lounnas; A. C. Correa; A. A. Vázquez; A. Dia; J. S. Escobar; A. Nicot; J. Arenas; R. Ayaqui; M. P. Dubois; T. Gimenez; A. Gutiérrez; C. González‐Ramírez; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Population genetic studies are efficient for inferring the invasion history based on a comparison of native and invasive populations, especially when conducted at species scale. An expected outcome in invasive populations is variability loss, and this is especially true in self‐fertilizing species. We here focus on the self‐fertilizing Pseudosuccinea columella , an invasive hermaphroditic freshwater snail that has greatly expanded its geographic distribution and that acts as intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica , the causative agent of human and veterinary fasciolosis. We evaluated the distribution of genetic diversity at the largest geographic scale analysed to date in this species by surveying 80 populations collected during 16 years from 14 countries, using eight nuclear microsatellites and two mitochondrial genes. As expected, populations from North America, the putative origin area, were strongly structured by selfing and history and harboured much more genetic variability than invasive populations. We found high selfing rates (when it was possible to infer it), none‐to‐low genetic variability and strong population structure in most invasive populations. Strikingly, we found a unique genotype/haplotype in populations from eight invaded regions sampled all over the world. Moreover, snail populations resistant to infection by the parasite are genetically distinct from susceptible populations. Our results are compatible with repeated introductions in South America and flash worldwide invasion by this unique genotype/haplotype. Our study illustrates the population genetic consequences of biological invasion in a highly selfing species at very large geographic scale. We discuss how such a large‐scale flash invasion may affect the spread of fasciolosis.

Mid‐Pleistocene thin‐skinned glaciotectonic thrusting of the Aberdeen Ground Formation, Central Graben region, central North Sea - David P. Vaughan‐Hirsch; Emrys R. Phillips (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2017)
This paper presents the results of a high‐resolution 2D seismic survey of mid‐Pleistocene glaciogenic sediments in the Central Graben region of the central North Sea. Sediments have undergone major glaciotectonic thrusting and folding associated with the repeated southerly advance of a mid‐Pleistocene ice sheet. The total observed length of the thrust‐stacked section is approximately 5–6 km, comprising a series of discrete thrust slices, which range in length from 700 m. The basal detachment of the thrust complex occurs at a depth of ca. 220 m below the sea bed within the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation. A thin‐skinned glaciotectonic model involving proglacial to ice‐marginal glaciotectonic thrusting followed by post‐tectonic deposition is proposed. Initial ice advance led to the over‐pressurizing of groundwater within a laterally extensive sand sheet in the upper Aberdeen Ground Formation, promoting the formation of a major décollement surface at the base of the developing thrust‐stack. Over‐pressurization of the groundwater system is thought to have occurred in response to rapid ice advance, suggesting that the development of large‐scale thrust complexes may be associated with surge‐type behaviour. The proposed model evidences complex dynamics of mid‐Pleistocene ice sheets within the central North Sea.

Increased variance in temperature and lag effects alter phenological responses to rapid warming in a subarctic plant community - Christa P. H. Mulder; David T. Iles; Robert F. Rockwell (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Summer temperature on the Cape Churchill Peninsula (Manitoba, Canada) has increased rapidly over the past 75 years, and flowering phenology of the plant community is advanced in years with warmer temperatures (higher cumulative growing degree days). Despite this, there has been no overall shift in flowering phenology over this period. However, climate change has also resulted in increased interannual variation in temperature; if relationships between phenology and temperature are not linear, an increase in temperature variance may interact with an increase in the mean to alter how community phenology changes over time. In our system, the relationship between phenology and temperature was log‐linear, resulting in a steeper slope at the cold end of the temperature spectrum than at the warm end. Because below‐average temperatures had a greater impact on phenology than above‐average temperatures, the long‐term advance in phenology was reduced. In addition, flowering phenology in a given year was delayed if summer temperatures were high the previous year or 2 years earlier (lag effects), further reducing the expected advance over time. Phenology of early‐flowering plants was negatively affected only by temperatures in the previous year, and that of late‐flowering plants primarily by temperatures 2 years earlier. Subarctic plants develop leaf primordia one or more years prior to flowering (preformation); these results suggest that temperature affects the development of flower primordia during this preformation period. Together, increased variance in temperature and lag effects interacted with a changing mean to reduce the expected phenological advance by 94%, a magnitude large enough to account for our inability to detect a significant advance over time. We conclude that changes in temperature variability and lag effects can alter trends in plant responses to a warming climate and that predictions for changes in plant phenology under future warming scenarios should incorporate such effects.

Drivers of interannual variability in virioplankton abundance at the coastal western A ntarctic peninsula and the potential effects of climate change - Claire Evans; Joost Brandsma; David W. Pond; Hugh J. Venables; Michael P. Meredith; Harry J. Witte; Sharon Stammerjohn; William H. Wilson; Andrew Clarke; Corina P. D. Brussaard (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary An 8‐year time‐series in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with an approximately weekly sampling frequency was used to elucidate changes in virioplankton abundance and their drivers in this climatically sensitive region. Virioplankton abundances at the coastal WAP show a pronounced seasonal cycle with interannual variability in the timing and magnitude of the summer maxima. Bacterioplankton abundance is the most influential driving factor of the virioplankton, and exhibit closely coupled dynamics. Sea ice cover and duration predetermine levels of phytoplankton stock and thus, influence virioplankton by dictating the substrates available to the bacterioplankton. However, variations in the composition of the phytoplankton community and particularly the prominence of Diatoms inferred from silicate drawdown, drive interannual differences in the magnitude of the virioplankton bloom; likely again mediated through changes in the bacterioplankton. Their findings suggest that future warming within the WAP will cause changes in sea ice that will influence viruses and their microbial hosts through changes in the timing, magnitude and composition of the phytoplankton bloom. Thus, the flow of matter and energy through the viral shunt may be decreased with consequences for the Antarctic food web and element cycling.

Spatial vegetation patterns and neighborhood competition among woody plants in an East African savanna - Justin Dohn; David J. Augustine; Niall P. Hanan; Jayashree Ratnam; Mahesh Sankaran (Ecology, 2017)
The majority of research on savanna vegetation dynamics has focused on the coexistence of woody and herbaceous vegetation. Interactions among woody plants in savannas are relatively poorly understood. We present data from a 10‐yr longitudinal study of spatially explicit growth patterns of woody vegetation in an East African savanna following exclusion of large herbivores and in the absence of fire. We examined plant spatial patterns and quantified the degree of competition among woody individuals. Woody plants in this semiarid savanna exhibit strongly clumped spatial distributions at scales of 1–5 m. However, analysis of woody plant growth rates relative to their conspecific and heterospecific neighbors revealed evidence for strong competitive interactions at neighborhood scales of up to 5 m for most woody plant species. Thus, woody plants were aggregated in clumps despite significantly decreased growth rates in close proximity to neighbors, indicating that the spatial distribution of woody plants in this region depends on dispersal and establishment processes rather than on competitive, density‐dependent mortality. However, our documentation of suppressive effects of woody plants on neighbors also suggests a potentially important role for tree‐tree competition in controlling vegetation structure and indicates that the balanced‐competition hypothesis may contribute to well‐known patterns in maximum tree cover across rainfall gradients in Africa.

Foam Generation Hysteresis in Porous Media: Experiments and New Insights - Mohammad Lotfollahi; Ijung Kim; Mohammad R. Beygi; Andrew J. Worthen; Chun Huh; Keith P. Johnston; Mary F. Wheeler; David A. DiCarlo (Transport in Porous Media, 2017)

Transition probability behaviors of drought events in the Pearl River basin, China - Yongqin David Chen; Qiang Zhang; Mingzhong Xiao; Vijay P. Singh (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2017)

Plant-soil interactions and nutrient availability determine the impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on cotton productivity - Yui Osanai; David T. Tissue; Michael P. Bange; Ian C. Anderson; Michael V. Braunack; Brajesh K. Singh (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Erratum to: Multi-Atlas Library for Eliminating Normalization Failures in Non-Human Primates - Joseph A. Maldjian; Carol A. Shively; Michael A. Nader; David P. Friedman; Christopher T. Whitlow (Neuroinformatics, 2017)

Carbon dioxide fluxes from Tifway bermudagrass: early results - David L. Cotten; G. Zhang; M. Y. Leclerc; P. Raymer; C. J. Steketee (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2017)

Contrasting cyanobacterial communities and microcystin concentrations in summers with extreme weather events: insights into potential effects of climate change - Susanna A. Wood; Hugo Borges; Jonathan Puddick; Laura Biessy; Javier Atalah; Ian Hawes; Daniel R. Dietrich; David P. Hamilton (Hydrobiologia, 2017)

Mammography rates after the 2009 revision to the United States Preventive Services Task Force breast cancer screening recommendation - Xuanzi Qin; Florence K.L. Tangka; Gery P. Guy; David H. Howard (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Long-term impacts of an introduced ungulate in native grasslands: Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in New Zealand’s Southern Alps - Jennyffer Cruz; Caroline Thomson; John P. Parkes; Ingrid Gruner; David M. Forsyth (Biological Invasions, 2017)

Mechanistic evaluation of primary human hepatocyte culture using global proteomic analysis reveals a selective dedifferentiation profile - James A. Heslop; Cliff Rowe; Joanne Walsh; Rowena Sison-Young; Roz Jenkins; Laleh Kamalian; Richard Kia; David Hay; Robert P. Jones; Hassan Z. Malik; Stephen Fenwick; Amy E. Chadwick; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Using calls as an indicator for Antarctic blue whale occurrence and distribution across the southwest Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans - Naysa E. Balcazar; Holger Klinck; Sharon L. Nieukirk; David K. Mellinger; Karolin Klinck; Robert P. Dziak; Tracey L. Rogers (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)
Understanding species distribution and behavior is essential for conservation programs of migratory species with recovering populations. The critically endangered Antarctic blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus intermedia ) was heavily exploited during the whaling era. Because of their low numbers, highly migratory behavior, and occurrence in remote areas, their distribution and range are not fully understood, particularly in the southwest Pacific Ocean. This is the first Antarctic blue whale study covering the southwest Pacific Ocean region from temperate to tropical waters (32°S to 15°S). Passive acoustic data were recorded between 2010 and 2011 across the southwest Pacific (SWPO) and southeast Indian (SEIO) oceans. We detected Antarctic blue whale calls in previously undocumented SWPO locations off eastern Australia (32°S, 152°E) and within the Lau Basin (20°S, 176°W and 15°S, 173°W), and SEIO off northwest Australia (19°S, 115°E).In temperate waters, adjacent ocean basins had similar seasonal occurrence, in that calling Antarctic blue whales were present for long periods, almost year round in some areas. In northern tropical waters, calling whales were mostly present during the austral winter. Clarifying the occurrence and distribution of critically endangered species is fundamental for monitoring population recovery, marine protected area planning, and in mitigating anthropogenic threats.

Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data‐model intercomparison - Natalia Restrepo‐Coupe; Naomi M. Levine; Bradley O. Christoffersen; Loren P. Albert; Jin Wu; Marcos H. Costa; David Galbraith; Hewlley Imbuzeiro; Giordane Martins; Alessandro C. da Araujo; Yadvinder S. Malhi; Xubin Zeng; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
To predict forest response to long‐term climate change with high confidence requires that dynamic global vegetation models ( DGVM s) be successfully tested against ecosystem response to short‐term variations in environmental drivers, including regular seasonal patterns. Here, we used an integrated dataset from four forests in the Brasil flux network, spanning a range of dry‐season intensities and lengths, to determine how well four state‐of‐the‐art models ( IBIS , ED 2, JULES , and CLM 3.5) simulated the seasonality of carbon exchanges in Amazonian tropical forests. We found that most DGVM s poorly represented the annual cycle of gross primary productivity ( GPP ), of photosynthetic capacity (Pc), and of other fluxes and pools. Models simulated consistent dry‐season declines in GPP in the equatorial Amazon (Manaus K34, Santarem K67, and Caxiuanã CAX ); a contrast to observed GPP increases. Model simulated dry‐season GPP reductions were driven by an external environmental factor, ‘soil water stress’ and consequently by a constant or decreasing photosynthetic infrastructure (Pc), while observed dry‐season GPP resulted from a combination of internal biological (leaf‐flush and abscission and increased Pc) and environmental (incoming radiation) causes. Moreover, we found models generally overestimated observed seasonal net ecosystem exchange ( NEE ) and respiration ( R e ) at equatorial locations. In contrast, a southern Amazon forest (Jarú RJA ) exhibited dry‐season declines in GPP and R e consistent with most DGVM s simulations. While water limitation was represented in models and the primary driver of seasonal photosynthesis in southern Amazonia, changes in internal biophysical processes, light‐harvesting adaptations (e.g., variations in leaf area index ( LAI ) and increasing leaf‐level assimilation rate related to leaf demography), and allocation lags between leaf and wood, dominated equatorial Amazon carbon flux dynamics and were deficient or absent from current model formulations. Correctly simulating flux seasonality at tropical forests requires a greater understanding and the incorporation of internal biophysical mechanisms in future model developments.

Genome‐wide association of functional traits linked with C ampylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork - Koji Yahara; Guillaume Méric; Aidan J. Taylor; Stefan P. W. de Vries; Susan Murray; Ben Pascoe; Leonardos Mageiros; Alicia Torralbo; Ana Vidal; Anne Ridley; Sho Komukai; Helen Wimalarathna; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7343 MLST‐characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST‐21 and ST‐45 complexes identified genetic elements over‐represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease‐associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368‐70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.

Methanotrophic Community Dynamics in a Seasonally Anoxic Fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia - Mónica Torres-Beltrán; Alyse K. Hawley; David W. Capelle; Maya P. Bhatia; W. Evan Durno; Philippe D. Tortell; Steven J. Hallam (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Growth rings in tropical trees: role of functional traits, environment, and phylogeny - Cheryl D. Nath; François Munoz; Raphaël Pélissier; David F. R. P. Burslem; G. Muthusankar (Trees, 2016)

Regional carbon cycle responses to 25 years of variation in climate and disturbance in the US Pacific Northwest - David P. Turner; William D. Ritts; Robert E. Kennedy; Andrew N. Gray; Zhiqiang Yang (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Effect of the CRF1-receptor antagonist pexacerfont on stress-induced eating and food craving - David H. Epstein; Ashley P. Kennedy; Melody Furnari; Markus Heilig; Yavin Shaham; Karran A. Phillips; Kenzie L. Preston (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Do left hand reaction time advantages depend on localising unpredictable targets? - Leah T. Johnstone; David P. Carey (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Resistance exercise increases intramuscular NF-κb signaling in untrained males - Jeremy R. Townsend; Jeffrey R. Stout; Adam R. Jajtner; David D. Church; Kyle S. Beyer; Leonardo P. Oliveira; Michael B. La Monica; Joshua J. Riffe; Tyler W. D. Muddle; Kayla M. Baker; David H. Fukuda; Michael D. Roberts; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Genetic consequences of anthropogenic disturbances and population fragmentation in Acacia senegal - Stephen F. Omondi; David W. Odee; George O. Ongamo; James I. Kanya; Damase P. Khasa (Conservation Genetics, 2016)

Improving Bioengineering Student Leadership Identity Via Training and Practice within the Core-Course - David M. Rosch; P. I. Imoukhuede (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Reduced-Dimension Modeling Approach for Simulating Recruitment/De-recruitment Dynamics in the Lung - Jason Ryans; Hideki Fujioka; David Halpern; Donald P. Gaver (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Large‐scale, multidirectional larval connectivity among coral reef fish populations in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - David H. Williamson; Hugo B. Harrison; Glenn R. Almany; Michael L. Berumen; Michael Bode; Mary C. Bonin; Severine Choukroun; Peter J. Doherty; Ashley J. Frisch; Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo; Geoffrey P. Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Larval dispersal is the key process by which populations of most marine fishes and invertebrates are connected and replenished. Advances in larval tagging and genetics have enhanced our capacity to track larval dispersal, assess scales of population connectivity, and quantify larval exchange among no‐take marine reserves and fished areas. Recent studies have found that reserves can be a significant source of recruits for populations up to 40 km away, but the scale and direction of larval connectivity across larger seascapes remain unknown. Here, we apply genetic parentage analysis to investigate larval dispersal patterns for two exploited coral reef groupers ( Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus leopardus ) within and among three clusters of reefs separated by 60–220 km within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. A total of 69 juvenile P. maculatus and 17 juvenile P. leopardus (representing 6% and 9% of the total juveniles sampled, respectively) were genetically assigned to parent individuals on reefs within the study area. We identified both short‐distance larval dispersal within regions (200 m to 50 km) and long‐distance, multidirectional dispersal of up to ~250 km among regions. Dispersal strength declined significantly with distance, with best‐fit dispersal kernels estimating median dispersal distances of ~110 km for P. maculatus and ~190 km for P. leopardus . Larval exchange among reefs demonstrates that established reserves form a highly connected network and contribute larvae for the replenishment of fished reefs at multiple spatial scales. Our findings highlight the potential for long‐distance dispersal in an important group of reef fishes, and provide further evidence that effectively protected reserves can yield recruitment and sustainability benefits for exploited fish populations.

Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above‐ground biomass in A mazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models - Michelle O. Johnson; David Galbraith; Manuel Gloor; Hannes De Deurwaerder; Matthieu Guimberteau; Anja Rammig; Kirsten Thonicke; Hans Verbeeck; Celso von Randow; Abel Monteagudo; Oliver L. Phillips; Roel J. W. Brienen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Understanding the processes that determine above‐ground biomass ( AGB ) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models ( DGVM s). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity ( NPP )] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP , control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVM s. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB , which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB . The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB . In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB . Across the four models, basin‐wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVM s typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB . Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVM s.

Impact of planting container type on growth and survival of three hybrid poplar clones in central Alberta, Canada - Barb R. Thomas; Stefan G. Schreiber; David P. Kamelchuk (New Forests, 2016)

Effects of nonlinear model response on allocation of streamflow depletion: exemplified by the case of Beaver Creek, USA - David P. Ahlfeld; James C. Schneider; Charles P. Spalding (Hydrogeology Journal, 2016)

Application of gas diffusion biocathode in microbial electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide - Suman Bajracharya; Karolien Vanbroekhoven; Cees J.N. Buisman; Deepak Pant; David P. B. T. B. Strik (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Environmental influences on fish assemblage variation among ecologically similar glacial lakes - Zachary S. Feiner; David P. Coulter; Tyler A. Krieg; Steven B. Donabauer; Tomas O. Höök (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2016)

A zoogeographical boundary between the Palaearctic and Sino‐Japanese realms documented by consistent north/south phylogeographical divergences in three woodland birds in eastern China - Gang Song; Ruiying Zhang; Yanhua Qu; Zhiheng Wang; Lu Dong; Anton Kristin; Per Alström; Per G. P. Ericson; David M. Lambert; Jon Fjeldså; Fumin Lei (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim The location of zoogeographical boundaries in eastern China has long been the subject of debate. To identify any north/south genetic divergence between the Palaearctic and Sino‐Japanese realms proposed by previous studies, we conducted a comparative phylogeographical study involving three passerine species with wide latitudinal distributions in eastern China. Location Eastern China. Methods Two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns were amplified and sequenced. Population structures were analysed using intra‐specific phylogeny, tcs networks, AMOVA and structure inferences. We tested for evidence of genetic barriers based on pairwise differences. Lineage divergences, demographic dynamics and gene flow between lineages were estimated using Bayesian methods. Results A congruent north/south phylogeographical divergence was identified for three species. A geographical barrier was inferred at c . 40° N in eastern China. The population sizes of the northern and southern lineages have both been stable through the late Pleistocene, while multiple divergences were inferred during the early and middle Pleistocene. Main conclusions Our results suggest a general phylogeographical break in north‐eastern China, coinciding with the Palaearctic/Sino‐Japanese boundary. Physical blocking of the Yan Mountains and fragmentation of suitable habitat during glacial stages between the north and south probably acted together to provide long‐lasting barrier effects. Our comparative phylogeographical approach demonstrates that the Palaearctic/Sino‐Japanese boundary may represent a gene‐flow barrier even within widespread species.

The cyclochlorotine mycotoxin is produced by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase CctN in Talaromyces islandicus (‘ Penicillium islandicum ’) - Thomas Schafhauser; Norbert Kirchner; Andreas Kulik; Mieke M.E. Huijbers; Liane Flor; Thibault Caradec; David P. Fewer; Harald Gross; Philippe Jacques; Linda Jahn; Jouni Jokela; Valérie Leclère; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Talaromyces islandicus (‘ Penicillium islandicum ’) is a widespread foodborne mold that produces numerous secondary metabolites, among them potent mycotoxins belonging to different chemical classes. A notable metabolite is the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic pentapeptide cyclochlorotine that contains the unusual amino acids β‐phenylalanine, 2‐aminobutyrate and 3,4‐dichloroproline. Although the chemical structure has been known for over five decades, nothing is known about the biosynthetic pathway of cyclochlorotine. Bioinformatic analysis of the recently sequenced genome of T. islandicus identified a wealth of gene clusters potentially coding for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we show by RNA interference‐mediated gene silencing that a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, CctN, is responsible for the synthesis of cyclochlorotine. Moreover, we identified novel cyclochlorotine chemical variants, whose production also depended on cctN expression. Surprisingly, the halogenase required for cyclochlorotine biosynthesis is not encoded in the cct cluster. Nonetheless, our findings enabled us to propose a detailed model for cyclochlorotine biosynthesis. In addition, comparative genomics revealed that cct ‐like clusters are present in all of the sequenced Talaromyces strains indicating a high prevalence of cyclochlorotine production ability.

Probabilistic forecasting of seasonal droughts in the Pearl River basin, China - Yongqin David Chen; Qiang Zhang; Mingzhong Xiao; Vijay P. Singh; Sheng Zhang (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2016)

Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis ‘amotivational’ hypotheses - Will Lawn; Tom P Freeman; Rebecca A Pope; Alyssa Joye; Lisa Harvey; Chandni Hindocha; Claire Mokrysz; Abigail Moss; Matthew B Wall; Michael AP Bloomfield; Ravi K Das; Celia JA Morgan; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Prenatal kynurenine exposure in rats: age-dependent changes in NMDA receptor expression and conditioned fear responding - Michelle L. Pershing; David Phenis; Valentina Valentini; Ana Pocivavsek; Derick H. Lindquist; Robert Schwarcz; John P. Bruno (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Cross-habitat effects shape the ecosystem consequences of co-invasion by a pelagic and a benthic consumer - David C. Fryxell; Amber R. Diluzio; Maya A. Friedman; Nicklaus A. Menge; Eric P. Palkovacs (Oecologia, 2016)

Identification and Potential Regulatory Properties of Evolutionary Conserved Regions (ECRs) at the Schizophrenia-Associated MIR137 Locus - Olympia Gianfrancesco; Daniel Griffiths; Paul Myers; David A. Collier; Vivien J. Bubb; John P. Quinn (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to a 164-km road cycle ride in a hot environment - Hui-Ying Luk; Danielle E. Levitt; Elaine C. Lee; Matthew S. Ganio; Brendon P. McDermott; Brian R. Kupchak; Brian K. McFarlin; David W. Hill; Lawrence E. Armstrong; Jakob L. Vingren (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Swelling of Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Co-Gels: An In Vitro Residual Stress Model - Victor K. Lai; David S. Nedrelow; Spencer P. Lake; Bumjun Kim; Emily M. Weiss; Robert T. Tranquillo; Victor H. Barocas (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

On the Spatiotemporal Material Anisotropy of the Vitreous Body in Tension and Compression - Nihar S. Shah; David C. Beebe; Spencer P. Lake; Benjamen A. Filas (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the decline of obligate seeder forests - David M. J. S. Bowman; Grant J. Williamson; Lynda D. Prior; Brett P. Murphy (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Forests that regenerate exclusively from seed following high‐severity fire are particularly vulnerable to local extinction if fire frequency leaves insufficient time for regenerating plants to reach sexual maturity. We evaluate the relative importance of extrinsic (such as fire weather and climate cycles) and intrinsic (such as proneness to fire due to stand age and structural development) factors in driving the decline of obligate seeder forests. We illustrate this using obligate seeding alpine ash ( Eucalyptus delegatensis ) forests in the montane regions of Victoria, Australia, that were burnt by megafires in 2003 (142,256 ha) or 2007 (79,902 ha), including some twice‐burnt areas (11,599 ha). Geospatial analyses showed only a small effect of stand age on the remote sensing estimates of crown defoliation, but a substantial effect of forest fire weather, as measured by forest fire danger index (FFDI). Analysis of meteorological data over the last century showed that 5‐year increases in FFDI precede cycle major fires in the E. delegatensis forests. Such strong extrinsic climate/weather driving of high‐severity fires is consistent with the ‘interval squeeze model’ that postulates the vulnerability of obligate seeder forests to landscape‐scale demographic collapse in response to worsening fire weather under climate change.

Equatorial range limits of an intertidal ectotherm are more linked to water than air temperature - Rui Seabra; David S. Wethey; António M. Santos; Filipa Gomes; Fernando P. Lima (Global Change Biology, 2016)
As climate change is expected to impose increasing thermal stress on intertidal organisms, understanding the mechanisms by which body temperatures translate into major biogeographic patterns is of paramount importance. We exposed individuals of the limpet Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758, to realistic experimental treatments aimed at disentangling the contribution of water and air temperature for the buildup of thermal stress. Treatments were designed based on temperature data collected at the microhabitat level, from 15 shores along the Atlantic European coast spanning nearly 20° of latitude. Cardiac activity data indicated that thermal stress levels in P. vulgata are directly linked to elevated water temperature, while high air temperature is only stressful if water temperature is also high. In addition, the analysis of the link between population densities and thermal regimes at the studied locations suggests that the occurrence of elevated water temperature may represent a threshold P. vulgata is unable to tolerate. By combining projected temperatures with the temperature threshold identified, we show that climate change will likely result in the westward expansion of the historical distribution gap in the Bay of Biscay (southwest France), and northward contraction of the southern range limit in south Portugal. These findings suggest that even a minor relaxing of the upwelling off northwest Iberia could lead to a dramatic increase in thermal stress, with major consequences for the structure and functioning of the intertidal communities along Iberian rocky shores.

Comparative genomic, proteomic and exoproteomic analyses of three Pseudomonas strains reveals novel insights into the phosphorus scavenging capabilities of soil bacteria - Ian D. E. A. Lidbury; Andrew R. J. Murphy; David J. Scanlan; Gary D. Bending; Alexandra M. E. Jones; Jonathan D. Moore; Andrew Goodall; John P. Hammond; Elizabeth M. H. Wellington (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere of agricultural crops can have a beneficial effect on crop growth. One such mechanism is the microbial‐driven solubilization and remineralization of complex forms of phosphorus (P). It is known that bacteria secrete various phosphatases in response to low P conditions. However, our understanding of their global proteomic response to P stress is limited. Here, exoproteomic analysis of Pseudomonas putida BIRD‐1 (BIRD‐1), Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM4166 was performed in unison with whole‐cell proteomic analysis of BIRD‐1 grown under phosphate (Pi) replete and Pi deplete conditions. Comparative exoproteomics revealed marked heterogeneity in the exoproteomes of each Pseudomonas strain in response to Pi depletion. In addition to well‐characterized members of the PHO regulon such as alkaline phosphatases, several proteins, previously not associated with the response to Pi depletion, were also identified. These included putative nucleases, phosphotriesterases, putative phosphonate transporters and outer membrane proteins. Moreover, in BIRD‐1, mutagenesis of the master regulator, phoBR , led us to confirm the addition of several novel PHO‐dependent proteins. Our data expands knowledge of the Pseudomonas PHO regulon, including species that are frequently used as bioinoculants, opening up the potential for more efficient and complete use of soil complexed P.

The revisited genome of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 enlightens its value as a robust metabolic chassis - Eugeni Belda; Ruben G. A. van Heck; Maria José Lopez‐Sanchez; Stéphane Cruveiller; Valérie Barbe; Claire Fraser; Hans‐Peter Klenk; Jörn Petersen; Anne Morgat; Pablo I. Nikel; David Vallenet; Zoé Rouy; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary By the time the complete genome sequence of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was published in 2002 (Nelson et al ., ) this bacterium was considered a potential agent for environmental bioremediation of industrial waste and a good colonizer of the rhizosphere. However, neither the annotation tools available at that time nor the scarcely available omics data—let alone metabolic modeling and other nowadays common systems biology approaches—allowed them to anticipate the astonishing capacities that are encoded in the genetic complement of this unique microorganism. In this work we have adopted a suite of state‐of‐the‐art genomic analysis tools to revisit the functional and metabolic information encoded in the chromosomal sequence of strain KT2440. We identified 242 new protein‐coding genes and re‐annotated the functions of 1548 genes, which are linked to almost 4900 PubMed references. Catabolic pathways for 92 compounds (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources) that could not be accommodated by the previously constructed metabolic models were also predicted. The resulting examination not only accounts for some of the known stress tolerance traits known in P. putida but also recognizes the capacity of this bacterium to perform difficult redox reactions, thereby multiplying its value as a platform microorganism for industrial biotechnology.

Mass‐flowering crops dilute pollinator abundance in agricultural landscapes across Europe - Andrea Holzschuh; Matteo Dainese; Juan P. González‐Varo; Sonja Mudri‐Stojnić; Verena Riedinger; Maj Rundlöf; Jeroen Scheper; Jennifer B. Wickens; Victoria J. Wickens; Riccardo Bommarco; David Kleijn; Simon G. Potts; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Mass‐flowering crops ( MFC s) are increasingly cultivated and might influence pollinator communities in MFC fields and nearby semi‐natural habitats ( SNH s). Across six European regions and 2 years, we assessed how landscape‐scale cover of MFC s affected pollinator densities in 408 MFC fields and adjacent SNH s. In MFC fields, densities of bumblebees, solitary bees, managed honeybees and hoverflies were negatively related to the cover of MFC s in the landscape. In SNH s, densities of bumblebees declined with increasing cover of MFC s but densities of honeybees increased. The densities of all pollinators were generally unrelated to the cover of SNH s in the landscape. Although MFC fields apparently attracted pollinators from SNH s, in landscapes with large areas of MFC s they became diluted. The resulting lower densities might negatively affect yields of pollinator‐dependent crops and the reproductive success of wild plants. An expansion of MFC s needs to be accompanied by pollinator‐supporting practices in agricultural landscapes.

Estimating Sonoran pronghorn abundance and survival with fecal DNA and capture–recapture methods - Susannah P. Woodruff; Paul M. Lukacs; David Christianson; Lisette P. Waits (Conservation Biology, 2016)
Population abundance estimates are important for management but can be challenging to determine in low‐density, wide‐ranging, and endangered species, such as Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis). The Sonoran pronghorn population has been increasing; however, population estimates are currently derived from a biennial aerial count that does not provide survival or recruitment estimates. We identified individuals through noninvasively collected fecal DNA and used robust‐design capture–recapture to estimate abundance and survival for Sonoran pronghorn in the United States from 2013 to 2014. In 2014 we generated separate population estimates for pronghorn gathered near 13 different artificial water holes and for pronghorn not near water holes. The population using artificial water holes had 116 (95% CI 102–131) and 121 individuals (95% CI 112–132) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. For all locations, we estimated there were 144 individuals (95% CI 132–157). Adults had higher annual survival probabilities (0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.92) than fawns (0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.65). Our use of targeted noninvasive genetic sampling and capture–recapture with Sonoran pronghorn fecal DNA was an effective method for monitoring a large proportion of the population. Our results provided the first survival estimates for this population in over 2 decades and precise estimates of the population using artificial water holes. Our method could be used for targeted sampling of broadly distributed species in other systems, such as in African savanna ecosystems, where many species congregate at watering sites.

Toward a Quality-Controlled and Accessible Pitzer Model for Seawater and Related Systems - David R. Turner; Eric P. Achterberg; Chen-Tung A. Chen; Simon L. Clegg; Vanessa Hatje; Maria T. Maldonado; Sylvia G. Sander; Constant M. G. van den Berg; Mona Wells (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Predictive Models for Determination of E. coli Concentrations at Inland Recreational Beaches - Ayokunle Christopher Dada; David P. Hamilton (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016)

Evolution of the Svalbard annual snow layer during the melting phase - Andrea Spolaor; Elena Barbaro; Jean Marc Christille; Torben Kirchgeorg; Fabio Giardi; David Cappelletti; Clara Turetta; Andrea Bernagozzi; Mats P. Björkman; Enzo Bertolini; Carlo Barbante (Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, 2016)

Size and stage composition of age class 0 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the ice–water interface layer during winter/early spring - F. L. Schaafsma; C. David; E. A. Pakhomov; B. P. V. Hunt; B. A. Lange; H. Flores; J. A. van Franeker (Polar Biology, 2016)

Invasive Asian Fusarium – Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests, urban landscapes and the avocado industry - Kerry O’Donnell; Ran Libeskind-Hadas; Jiri Hulcr; Craig Bateman; Matthew T. Kasson; Randy C. Ploetz; Joshua L. Konkol; Jill N. Ploetz; Daniel Carrillo; Alina Campbell; Rita E. Duncan; Pradeepa N. H. Liyanage; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 2016)

Phytochemicals in Ischemic Stroke - Joonki Kim; David Yang-Wei Fann; Raymond Chee Seong Seet; Dong-Gyu Jo; Mark P. Mattson; Thiruma V. Arumugam (NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2016)

High-performance detection of somatic D-loop mutation in urothelial cell carcinoma patients by polymorphism ratio sequencing - David P. Duberow; Mariana Brait; Mohammad O. Hoque; Dan Theodorescu; David Sidransky; Santanu Dasgupta; Richard A. Mathies (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016)

Erratum to: Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Detrimental Cognitive Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Weanling Rats - John M. Scichilone; Kalyan Yarraguntla; Ana Charalambides; Jacob P. Harney; David Butler (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Detrimental Cognitive Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Weanling Rats - John M. Scichilone; Kalyan Yarraguntla; Ana Charalambides; Jacob P. Harney; David Butler (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

Intramuscular MAPK signaling following high volume and high intensity resistance exercise protocols in trained men - Adam M. Gonzalez; Jay R. Hoffman; Jeremy R. Townsend; Adam R. Jajtner; Carleigh H. Boone; Kyle S. Beyer; Kayla M. Baker; Adam J. Wells; Gerald T. Mangine; Edward H. Robinson; David D. Church; Leonardo P. Oliveira; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Influences of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors and Tidal Restoration on Terrestrial Arthropod Assemblages in West Coast North American Estuarine Wetlands - Aaron T. David; Pascale A. L. Goertler; Stuart H. Munsch; Brittany R. Jones; Charles A. Simenstad; Jason D. Toft; Jeffery R. Cordell; Emily R. Howe; Ayesha Gray; Michael P. Hannam; William Matsubu; Erin E. Morgan (Estuaries and Coasts, 2016)

The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health - Christopher A. Lowry; David G. Smith; Philip H. Siebler; Dominic Schmidt; Christopher E. Stamper; James E. Hassell; Paula S. Yamashita; James H. Fox; Stefan O. Reber; Lisa A. Brenner; Andrew J. Hoisington; Teodor T. Postolache; et al. (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2016)

Cortical thinning in former professional soccer players - Inga K. Koerte; Michael Mayinger; Marc Muehlmann; David Kaufmann; Alexander P. Lin; Denise Steffinger; Barbara Fisch; Boris-Stephan Rauchmann; Stefanie Immler; Susanne Karch; Florian R. Heinen; Birgit Ertl-Wagner; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Did Homo erectus kill a Pelorovis herd at BK (Olduvai Gorge)? A taphonomic study of BK5 - Elia Organista; Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo; Charles P. Egeland; David Uribelarrea; Audax Mabulla; Enrique Baquedano (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016)

Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms: strategies for control of nitrogen and phosphorus loads - David P. Hamilton; Nico Salmaso; Hans W. Paerl (Aquatic Ecology, 2016)

Multiscale Modeling in the Clinic: Drug Design and Development - Colleen E. Clancy; Gary An; William R. Cannon; Yaling Liu; Elebeoba E. May; Peter Ortoleva; Aleksander S. Popel; James P. Sluka; Jing Su; Paolo Vicini; Xiaobo Zhou; David M. Eckmann (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Landscape‐scale variation in an anthropogenic factor shapes immune gene variation within a wild population - Catalina Gonzalez‐Quevedo; Richard G. Davies; Karl P. Phillips; Lewis G. Spurgin; David S. Richardson (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Understanding the spatial scale at which selection acts upon adaptive genetic variation in natural populations is fundamental to our understanding of evolutionary ecology, and has important ramifications for conservation. The environmental factors to which individuals of a population are exposed can vary at fine spatial scales, potentially generating localized patterns of adaptation. Here, we compared patterns of neutral and major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) variation within an island population of Berthelot's pipit ( Anthus berthelotii ) to assess whether landscape‐level differences in pathogen‐mediated selection generate fine‐scale spatial structuring in these immune genes. Specifically, we tested for spatial associations between the distribution of avian malaria, and the factors previously shown to influence that distribution, and MHC variation within resident individuals. Although we found no overall genetic structure across the population for either neutral or MHC loci, we did find localized associations between environmental factors and MHC variation. One MHC class I allele ( ANBE 48) was directly associated with malaria infection risk, while the presence of the ANBE 48 and ANBE 38 alleles within individuals correlated (positively and negatively, respectively) with distance to the nearest poultry farm, an anthropogenic factor previously shown to be an important determinant of disease distribution in the study population. Our findings highlight the importance of considering small spatial scales when studying the patterns and processes involved in evolution at adaptive loci.

Prioritization of knowledge‐needs to achieve best practices for bottom trawling in relation to seabed habitats - Michel J Kaiser; Ray Hilborn; Simon Jennings; Ricky Amaroso; Michael Andersen; Kris Balliet; Eric Barratt; Odd A Bergstad; Stephen Bishop; Jodi L Bostrom; Catherine Boyd; Eduardo A Bruce; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be ‘best practice’. To identify future knowledge‐needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom‐trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge‐needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an ‘expert task force’. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge‐need. The top 25 knowledge‐needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge‐need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom‐fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge‐needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade‐offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.

The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts - Patrick R. Stephens; Sonia Altizer; Katherine F. Smith; A. Alonso Aguirre; James H. Brown; Sarah A. Budischak; James E. Byers; Tad A. Dallas; T. Jonathan Davies; John M. Drake; Vanessa O. Ezenwa; Maxwell J. Farrell; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2016)
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of parasite diversity and distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging approaches are providing new insights about scaling properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk. Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease distribution and emergence.

The Nolans Bore rare-earth element-phosphorus-uranium mineral system: geology, origin and post-depositional modifications - David L. Huston; Roland Maas; Andrew Cross; Kelvin J. Hussey; Terrence P. Mernagh; Geoff Fraser; David C. Champion (Mineralium Deposita, 2016)

Erratum to: Heritability and genome-wide analyses of problematic peer relationships during childhood and adolescence - Beate St Pourcain; C. M. A. Haworth; O. S. P. Davis; Kai Wang; Nicholas J. Timpson; David M. Evans; John P. Kemp; Angelica Ronald; Tom Price; Emma Meaburn; Susan M. Ring; Jean Golding; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity - Satria P. Sajuthi; Neeraj K. Sharma; Jeff W. Chou; Nicholette D. Palmer; David R. McWilliams; John Beal; Mary E. Comeau; Lijun Ma; Jorge Calles-Escandon; Jamehl Demons; Samantha Rogers; Kristina Cherry; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Human-Imposed, Fine-Grained Patch Burning Explains the Population Stability of a Fire-Sensitive Conifer in a Frequently Burnt Northern Australia Savanna - Clay Trauernicht; Brett P. Murphy; Lynda D. Prior; Michael J. Lawes; David M. J. S. Bowman (Ecosystems, 2016)

Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere - Mesfin Wondafrash; Bernard Slippers; Jeff Garnas; Géraldine Roux; Jiri Foit; David W. Langor; Brett P. Hurley (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016 - Claudio L. Afonso; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Krisztián Bányai; Yīmíng Bào; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Nicolás Bejerman; Kim R. Blasdell; François-Xavier Briand; Thomas Briese; Alexander Bukreyev; Charles H. Calisher; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Using models to guide field experiments: a priori predictions for the CO 2 response of a nutrient‐ and water‐limited native Eucalypt woodland - Belinda E. Medlyn; Martin G. De Kauwe; Sönke Zaehle; Anthony P. Walker; Remko A. Duursma; Kristina Luus; Mikhail Mishurov; Bernard Pak; Benjamin Smith; Ying‐Ping Wang; Xiaojuan Yang; Kristine Y. Crous; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
The response of terrestrial ecosystems to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration (C a ), particularly under nutrient‐limited conditions, is a major uncertainty in Earth System models. The Eucalyptus Free‐Air CO 2 Enrichment (Euc FACE ) experiment, recently established in a nutrient‐ and water‐limited woodland presents a unique opportunity to address this uncertainty, but can best do so if key model uncertainties have been identified in advance. We applied seven vegetation models, which have previously been comprehensively assessed against earlier forest FACE experiments, to simulate a priori possible outcomes from Euc FACE . Our goals were to provide quantitative projections against which to evaluate data as they are collected, and to identify key measurements that should be made in the experiment to allow discrimination among alternative model assumptions in a postexperiment model intercomparison. Simulated responses of annual net primary productivity ( NPP ) to elevated C a ranged from 0.5 to 25% across models. The simulated reduction of NPP during a low‐rainfall year also varied widely, from 24 to 70%. Key processes where assumptions caused disagreement among models included nutrient limitations to growth; feedbacks to nutrient uptake; autotrophic respiration; and the impact of low soil moisture availability on plant processes. Knowledge of the causes of variation among models is now guiding data collection in the experiment, with the expectation that the experimental data can optimally inform future model improvements.

Understanding a migratory species in a changing world: climatic effects and demographic declines in the western monarch revealed by four decades of intensive monitoring - Anne E. Espeset; Joshua G. Harrison; Arthur M. Shapiro; Chris C. Nice; James H. Thorne; David P. Waetjen; James A. Fordyce; Matthew L. Forister (Oecologia, 2016)

Temporal structure of human magnetic evoked fields - David P. Crewther; Alyse Brown; Laila Hugrass (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Emergence of new virulence phenotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada - Stephen E. Strelkov; Sheau-Fang Hwang; Victor P. Manolii; Tiesen Cao; David Feindel (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016)

Variability of Winter-Spring Bloom Phaeocystis pouchetii Abundance in Massachusetts Bay - David G. Borkman; P. Scott Libby; Michael J. Mickelson; Jefferson T. Turner; Mingshun Jiang (Estuaries and Coasts, 2016)

Irrigation and Maize Cultivation Erode Plant Diversity Within Crops in Mediterranean Dry Cereal Agro-Ecosystems - Jaime Fagúndez; Pedro P. Olea; Pablo Tejedo; Patricia Mateo-Tomás; David Gómez (Environmental Management, 2016)

Dactylogyrus olfactorius n. sp. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the olfactory chamber of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque (Cyprinidae) - Ebrahim Lari; Rachael V. Adams; David K. Cone; Cameron P. Goater; Greg G. Pyle (Systematic Parasitology, 2016)

Long-term bird colonization and turnover in restored woodlands - David B. Lindenmayer; P. W. Lane; P. S. Barton; Mason Crane; Karen Ikin; Damian Michael; Sachiko Okada (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016)

Sediment Bioaccumulation Test with Lumbriculus variegatus: Effects of Organism Loading - Lawrence P. Burkhard; Dylan Hubin-Barrows; Nanditha Billa; Terry L. Highland; James R. Hockett; David R. Mount; Teresa J. Norberg-King (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Monitoring population‐level responses of marine mammals to human activities - Erica Fleishman; Daniel P. Costa; John Harwood; Scott Kraus; David Moretti; Leslie F. New; Robert S. Schick; Lisa K. Schwarz; Samantha E. Simmons; Len Thomas; Randall S. Wells (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
We provide guidance for monitoring whether human activities affect the physiology or behavior of marine mammals and, if so, whether those effects may lead to changes in survival and reproduction at the population level. We suggest that four elements be included in designing and implementing such a monitoring program. The first is development of a theory of change: a set of mechanistic hypotheses that outline why a given activity might be expected to have one or more measurable effects on individuals and populations, and ideally the magnitude, timing, and duration of the effects. The second element, definition of biologically meaningful effect sizes, ultimately facilitates the development of a monitoring program that can detect those magnitudes of effect with the desired levels of precision. The third element, selection of response variables for monitoring, allows inference to whether observed changes in the status of individuals or populations are attributable to a given activity. Visual observations, passive acoustic and tagging instruments, and direct physical measurements all can provide data that facilitate quantitative hypothesis testing. The fourth element is specification of the temporal sequence of monitoring. These elements also can be used to inform monitoring of the responses of other taxonomic groups to human activities.

Diagnosing links between atmospheric moisture and extreme daily precipitation over the UK - Richard P. Allan; David A. Lavers; Adrian J. Champion (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Atmospheric moisture characteristics associated with the heaviest 1% of daily rainfall events affecting regions of the British Isles are analysed over the period 1997–2008. A blended satellite/rain‐gauge data set ( GPCP‐1DD ) and regionally averaged daily rain‐gauge observations ( HadUKP ) are combined with the ERA Interim reanalysis. These are compared with simulations from the HadGEM2 ‐A climate model which applied observed sea surface temperature and realistic radiative forcings. Median extreme daily rainfall across the identified events and locations is larger for GPCP (32 mm day −1 ) than HadUKP and the simulations (∼25 mm day −1 ). The heaviest observed and simulated daily rainfall events are associated with increased specific humidity and horizontal transport of moisture (median 850 hPa specific humidity of ∼6 g kg −1 and vapour transport of ∼150 g kg − 1 m s − 1 for both observed and simulated events). Extreme daily rainfall events are less common during spring and summer across much of the British Isles, but in the south east region, they contribute up to 60% of the total number of distinct extreme daily rainfall events during these months. Compared to winter events, the summer events over south east Britain are associated with a greater magnitude and more southerly location of moisture maxima and less spatially extensive regions of enhanced moisture transport. This contrasting dependence of extreme daily rainfall on moisture characteristics implies a range of driving mechanisms that depend upon location and season. Higher spatial and temporal resolution data are required to explore these processes further, which is vital in assessing future projected changes in rainfall and associated flooding.

Bacterial sensing underlies artificial sweetener‐induced growth of gut L actobacillus - Kristian Daly; Alistair C. Darby; Neil Hall; Mark C. Wilkinson; Pisut Pongchaikul; David Bravo; Soraya P. Shirazi‐Beechey (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Disruption in stable establishment of commensal gut microbiota by early weaning is an important factor in susceptibility of young animals to enteric disorders. The artificial sweetener SUCRAM [consisting of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone ( NHDC ) and saccharin] included in piglets' feed reduces incidence of enteric disease. Pyrosequencing of pig caecal 16S r RNA gene amplicons identified 25 major families encompassing seven bacterial classes with B acteroidia , C lostridia and B acilli dominating the microbiota. There were significant shifts in microbial composition in pigs maintained on a diet containing SUCRAM , establishing SUCRAM as a major influence driving bacterial community dynamics. The most notable change was a significant increase of Lactobacillaceae population abundance, almost entirely due to a single phylotype, designated L actobacillus 4228. The sweetener‐induced increase in L actobacillaceae was observed in two different breeds of pigs signifying a general effect. We isolated Lactobacillus 4228, sequenced its genome and found it to be related to L actobacillus amylovorus . In vitro analyses of L actobacillus 4228 growth characteristics showed that presence of NHDC significantly reduces the lag phase of growth and enhances expression of specific sugar transporters, independently of NHDC metabolism. This study suggests that sensing of NHDC by a bacterial plasma membrane receptor underlies sweetener‐induced growth of a health promoting gut bacterium.

Functional redundancy in the control of seedling growth by the karrikin signaling pathway - John P. Stanga; Nicholas Morffy; David C. Nelson (Planta, 2016)

Fine-scale variation in topography and seasonality determine radial growth of an endangered tree in Brazilian Atlantic forest - Vanessa Pontara; Marcelo L. Bueno; Leticia E. Garcia; Ary T. Oliveira-Filho; Toby R. Pennington; David F. R. P. Burslem; José P. Lemos-Filho (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Canine genome assembly correction facilitates identification of a MAP9 deletion as a potential age of onset modifier for RPGRIP1-associated canine retinal degeneration - Oliver P. Forman; Rebekkah J. Hitti; Mike Boursnell; Keiko Miyadera; David Sargan; Cathryn Mellersh (Mammalian Genome, 2016)

Typification of the African endemic plant Ottelia exserta (Hydrocharitaceae) - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego; Fernando Boisset; David A. Simpson (Kew Bulletin, 2016)

Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria - John H. Hwang; Matthew Lyes; Katherine Sladewski; Shymaa Enany; Elisa McEachern; Denzil P. Mathew; Soumita Das; Alexander Moshensky; Sagar Bapat; David T. Pride; Weg M. Ongkeko; Laura E. Crotty Alexander (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016)

The Role of Neuropeptides in Mouse Models of Colitis - David Padua; John P. Vu; Patrizia M. Germano; Joseph R. Pisegna (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2016)

The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Positive Allosteric Modulator ADX88178 Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Primary Microglia - Ranjani Ponnazhagan; Ashley S. Harms; Aaron D. Thome; Asta Jurkuvenaite; Rocco Gogliotti; Colleen M. Niswender; P. Jeffrey Conn; David G. Standaert (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2016)

Dietary shift in juvenile coral trout (Plectropomus maculatus) following coral reef degradation from a flood plume disturbance - Colin K. C. Wen; Mary C. Bonin; Hugo B. Harrison; David H. Williamson; Geoffrey P. Jones (Coral Reefs, 2016)

A Rapid, Fluorescence-Based Field Screening Technique for Organic Species in Soil and Water Matrices - Amber L. Russell; David P. Martin; Michael F. Cuddy; Anthony J. Bednar (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

GlycoMob: an ion mobility-mass spectrometry collision cross section database for glycomics - Weston B. Struwe; Kevin Pagel; Justin L. P. Benesch; David J. Harvey; Matthew P. Campbell (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2016)

Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty - Jamie S. McPhee; David P. French; Dean Jackson; James Nazroo; Neil Pendleton; Hans Degens (Biogerontology, 2016)

Testosterone enables growth and hypertrophy in fusion impaired myoblasts that display myotube atrophy: deciphering the role of androgen and IGF-I receptors - David C. Hughes; Claire E. Stewart; Nicholas Sculthorpe; Hannah F. Dugdale; Farzad Yousefian; Mark P. Lewis; Adam P. Sharples (Biogerontology, 2016)

Skeletal muscle cells possess a ‘memory’ of acute early life TNF-α exposure: role of epigenetic adaptation - Adam P. Sharples; Ioanna Polydorou; David C. Hughes; Daniel J. Owens; Thomas M. Hughes; Claire E. Stewart (Biogerontology, 2016)

Modulation of microcystin congener abundance following nitrogen depletion of a Microcystis batch culture - Jonathan Puddick; Michèle R. Prinsep; Susanna A. Wood; S. Craig Cary; David P. Hamilton (Aquatic Ecology, 2016)

Twenty-five Year Anniversary Edition of the Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology - Torger Børresen; David P. Green (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2016)

Regulator of G Protein Signaling 17 as a Negative Modulator of GPCR Signaling in Multiple Human Cancers - Michael P. Hayes; David L. Roman (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Autoantibodies to central nervous system neuronal surface antigens: psychiatric symptoms and psychopharmacological implications - T. A. Pollak; K. Beck; S. R. Irani; O. D. Howes; A. S. David; P. K. McGuire (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Macroepibenthic communities at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, an ecological survey at different spatial scales - J. Gutt; M. C. Alvaro; A. Barco; A. Böhmer; A. Bracher; B. David; C. De Ridder; B. Dorschel; M. Eléaume; D. Janussen; D. Kersken; P. J. López-González; et al. (Polar Biology, 2016)

Natural isoforms of the Photosystem II D1 subunit differ in photoassembly efficiency of the water-oxidizing complex - David J. Vinyard; Jennifer S. Sun; Javier Gimpel; Gennady M. Ananyev; Stephen P. Mayfield; G. Charles Dismukes (Photosynthesis Research, 2016)

Characterisation of agricultural drainage ditch sediments along the phosphorus transfer continuum in two contrasting headwater catchments - Mairead Shore; Phil Jordan; Per-Erik Mellander; Mary Kelly-Quinn; Karen Daly; James Tom Sims; David P. Wall; Alice Rowena Melland (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016)

Histamine induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human astrocytic cultures via H1-receptor subtype - Aarti Patel; Vishnu Vasanthan; Wen Fu; Richard P. Fahlman; David MacTavish; Jack H. Jhamandas (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Genomic insights into the carbohydrate catabolism of Cairneyella variabilis gen. nov. sp. nov., the first reports from a genome of an ericoid mycorrhizal fungus from the southern hemisphere - David J. Midgley; Carly P. Rosewarne; Paul Greenfield; Dongmei Li; Cassandra J. Vockler; Catherine J. Hitchcock; Nicole A. Sawyer; Robyn Brett; Jacqueline Edwards; John I. Pitt; Nai Tran-Dinh (Mycorrhiza, 2016)

The Impact of Fluid Inertia on In Vivo Estimation of Mitral Valve Leaflet Constitutive Properties and Mechanics - David L. Bark; Lakshmi P. Dasi (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

The impact of tropical forest logging and oil palm agriculture on the soil microbiome - Binu M. Tripathi; David P. Edwards; Lucas William Mendes; Mincheol Kim; Ke Dong; Hyoki Kim; Jonathan M. Adams (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Selective logging and forest conversion to oil palm agriculture are rapidly altering tropical forests. However, functional responses of the soil microbiome to these land‐use changes are poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we compared composition and functional attributes of soil biota between unlogged, once‐logged and twice‐logged rainforest, and areas converted to oil palm plantations in Sabah, Borneo. Although there was no significant effect of logging history, we found a significant difference between the taxonomic and functional composition of both primary and logged forests and oil palm. Oil palm had greater abundances of genes associated with DNA , RNA , protein metabolism and other core metabolic functions, but conversely, lower abundance of genes associated with secondary metabolism and cell–cell interactions, indicating less importance of antagonism or mutualism in the more oligotrophic oil palm environment. Overall, these results show a striking difference in taxonomic composition and functional gene diversity of soil microorganisms between oil palm and forest, but no significant difference between primary forest and forest areas with differing logging history. This reinforces the view that logged forest retains most features and functions of the original soil community. However, networks based on strong correlations between taxonomy and functions showed that network complexity is unexpectedly increased due to both logging and oil palm agriculture, which suggests a pervasive effect of both land‐use changes on the interaction of soil microbes.

An ecoclimatic framework for evaluating the resilience of vegetation to water deficit - Patrick J. Mitchell; Anthony P. O'Grady; Elizabeth A. Pinkard; Timothy J. Brodribb; Stefan K. Arndt; Chris J. Blackman; Remko A. Duursma; Rod J. Fensham; David W. Hilbert; Craig R. Nitschke; Jaymie Norris; Stephen H. Roxburgh; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
The surge in global efforts to understand the causes and consequences of drought on forest ecosystems has tended to focus on specific impacts such as mortality. We propose an ecoclimatic framework that takes a broader view of the ecological relevance of water deficits, linking elements of exposure and resilience to cumulative impacts on a range of ecosystem processes. This ecoclimatic framework is underpinned by two hypotheses: (i) exposure to water deficit can be represented probabilistically and used to estimate exposure thresholds across different vegetation types or ecosystems; and (ii) the cumulative impact of a series of water deficit events is defined by attributes governing the resistance and recovery of the affected processes. We present case studies comprising Pinus edulis and Eucalyptus globulus , tree species with contrasting ecological strategies, which demonstrate how links between exposure and resilience can be examined within our proposed framework. These examples reveal how climatic thresholds can be defined along a continuum of vegetation functional responses to water deficit regimes. The strength of this framework lies in identifying climatic thresholds on vegetation function in the absence of more complete mechanistic understanding, thereby guiding the formulation, application and benchmarking of more detailed modelling.

Hydrotalcite catalysis for the synthesis of new chiral building blocks - Jesus M. Rodilla; Patricia P. Neves; Sofia Pombal; Vicente Rives; Raquel Trujillano; David Díez (Natural Product Research, 2016)

QTL mapping and breeding value estimation through pedigree-based analysis of fruit size and weight in four diverse peach breeding programs - Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez; Terrence J. Frett; Paul J. Sandefur; Alejandra Salgado-Rojas; John R. Clark; Ksenija Gasic; Cameron P. Peace; Natalie Anderson; Timothy P. Hartmann; David H. Byrne; Marco C. A. M. Bink; Eric van de Weg; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2016)

A cell wall-bound anionic peroxidase, PtrPO21, is involved in lignin polymerization in Populus trichocarpa - Chien-Yuan Lin; Quanzi Li; Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit; Rui Shi; Ying-Hsuan Sun; Jack P. Wang; Jie Liu; Philip Loziuk; Charles W. Edmunds; Zachary D. Miller; Ilona Peszlen; David C. Muddiman; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2016)

Effects of propranolol on conversational reciprocity in autism spectrum disorder: a pilot, double-blind, single-dose psychopharmacological challenge study - Rachel M. Zamzow; Bradley J. Ferguson; Janine P. Stichter; Eric C. Porges; Alexandra S. Ragsdale; Morgan L. Lewis; David Q. Beversdorf (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Multi-Atlas Library for Eliminating Normalization Failures in Non-Human Primates - Joseph A. Maldjian; Carol A. Shively; Michael A. Nader; David P. Friedman; Christopher T. Whitlow (Neuroinformatics, 2016)

Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are associated with better performance on tasks of episodic memory - Elizabeth C. Leritz; Regina E. McGlinchey; David H. Salat; William P. Milberg (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Temperate predators and seasonal water temperatures impact feeding of a range expanding tropical fish - Hayden J. Beck; David A. Feary; Ashley M. Fowler; Elizabeth M. P. Madin; David J. Booth (Marine Biology, 2016)

Remembering Jerry Lwanga: A Perspective from His Colleagues - Tony L. Goldberg; Samuel Angedakin; Gilbert M. Isabirye Basuta; Michelle Brown; Thomas M. Butynski; Colin A. Chapman; Lauren Chapman; Sholly Gunter; Innocent Kato; Jean-Michel Krief; Sabrina Krief; Joanna E. Lambert; et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 2016)

Gene co-expression analysis identifies brain regions and cell types involved in migraine pathophysiology: a GWAS-based study using the Allen Human Brain Atlas - Else Eising; Sjoerd M. H. Huisman; Ahmed Mahfouz; Lisanne S. Vijfhuizen; Verneri Anttila; Bendik S. Winsvold; Tobias Kurth; M. Arfan Ikram; Tobias Freilinger; Jaakko Kaprio; Dorret I. Boomsma; Cornelia M. van Duijn; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

A moving target—incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations - Steven J. Cooke; Eduardo G. Martins; Daniel P. Struthers; Lee F. G. Gutowsky; Michael Power; Susan E. Doka; John M. Dettmers; David A. Crook; Martyn C. Lucas; Christopher M. Holbrook; Charles C. Krueger (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Limitations in dose–response and surrogate species methodologies for risk assessment of Cry toxins on arthropod natural enemies - Débora P. Paula; David A. Andow; André Bellinati; Renata Velozo Timbó; Lucas M. Souza; Carmen S. S. Pires; Edison R. Sujii (Ecotoxicology, 2016)

Increasing numbers and intercontinental spread of invasive insects on eucalypts - Brett P. Hurley; Jeff Garnas; Michael J. Wingfield; Manuela Branco; David M. Richardson; Bernard Slippers (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Drivers, impacts, mechanisms and adaptation in insect invasions - Matthew P. Hill; Susana Clusella-Trullas; John S. Terblanche; David M. Richardson (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years - Alain Roques; Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg; Tim M. Blackburn; Jeff Garnas; Petr Pyšek; Wolfgang Rabitsch; David M. Richardson; Michael J. Wingfield; Andrew M. Liebhold; Richard P. Duncan (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Identification and in silico characterisation of defective molecules associated with isolates of banana bunchy top virus - Daisy Stainton; Darren P. Martin; David A. Collings; John E. Thomas; Arvind Varsani (Archives of Virology, 2016)

The impact of p53 on DNA damage and metabolic activation of the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene: effects in Trp53(+/+), Trp53(+/–) and Trp53(−/−) mice - Annette M. Krais; Ewoud N. Speksnijder; Joost P. M. Melis; Radek Indra; Michaela Moserova; Roger W. Godschalk; Frederik-J. van Schooten; Albrecht Seidel; Klaus Kopka; Heinz H. Schmeiser; Marie Stiborova; David H. Phillips; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2016)

Magnetic Capture of a Molecular Biomarker from Synovial Fluid in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis - Elena G. Yarmola; Yash Shah; David P. Arnold; Jon Dobson; Kyle D. Allen (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Prey capture and processing behaviors vary with prey size and shape in Australian and subantarctic fur seals - David P. Hocking; Erich M. G. Fitzgerald; Marcia Salverson; Alistair R. Evans (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
When hunting at sea, pinnipeds should adapt their foraging behaviors to suit the prey they are targeting. We performed captive feeding trials with two species of otariid seal, Australian fur seals ( Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ) and subantarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus tropicalis ). This allowed us to record detailed observations of how their foraging behaviors vary when presented with prey items that cover the full range of body shapes and sizes encountered in the wild. Small prey were captured using suction alone, while larger prey items were caught in the teeth using raptorial biting. Small fish and long skinny prey items could then be swallowed whole or processed by shaking, while all prey items with body depths greater than 7.5 cm were processed by shaking at the water's surface. This matched opportunistic observations of feeding in wild Australian fur seals. Use of “shake feeding” as the main prey processing tactic also matches predictions that this method would be one of the only tactics available to aquatic tetrapods that are unable to secure prey using their forelimbs.

Highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells: a model to study host cell–parasite interactions in pertussis - Claudia Guevara; Chengxian Zhang; Jennifer A. Gaddy; Junaid Iqbal; Julio Guerra; David P. Greenberg; Michael D. Decker; Nicholas Carbonetti; Timothy D. Starner; Paul B. McCray; Frits R. Mooi; Oscar G. Gómez-Duarte (Infectious Diseases, 2016)

Advancing Product Quality: a Summary of the Second FDA/PQRI Conference - Lawrence X. Yu; Ilgaz Akseli; Barbara Allen; Gregory Amidon; Tara Gooen Bizjak; Ashley Boam; Margaret Caulk; David Doleski; Joseph Famulare; Adam C. Fisher; Scott Furness; Brian Hasselbalch; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene are associated with stress fracture injury - Ian Varley; Julie P. Greeves; Craig Sale; Eitan Friedman; Daniel S. Moran; Ran Yanovich; Peter J. Wilson; Alison Gartland; David C. Hughes; Trent Stellingwerff; Craig Ranson; William D. Fraser; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2016)

Progress and Challenges in Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling - Neil K. Ganju; Mark J. Brush; Brenda Rashleigh; Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta; Pilar del Barrio; Jason S. Grear; Lora A. Harris; Samuel J. Lake; Grant McCardell; James O’Donnell; David K. Ralston; Richard P. Signell; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2016)

Why the South Pacific Convergence Zone is diagonal - Karin van der Wiel; Adrian J. Matthews; Manoj M. Joshi; David P. Stevens (Climate Dynamics, 2016)

Response of sedimentary basin to obliquely incident SH waves - Chuanbin Zhu; David P. Thambiratnam; Jian Zhang (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2016)

Regional age differences in gray matter diffusivity among healthy older adults - Lauren E. Salminen; Thomas E. Conturo; David H. Laidlaw; Ryan P. Cabeen; Erbil Akbudak; Elizabeth M. Lane; Jodi M. Heaps; Jacob D. Bolzenius; Laurie M. Baker; Sarah Cooley; Staci Scott; Lee M. Cagle; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Erratum to: Impact of Chromogranin A deficiency on catecholamine storage, catecholamine granule morphology and chromaffin cell energy metabolism in vivo - Teresa Pasqua; Sumana Mahata; Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay; Angshuman Biswas; Guy A. Perkins; Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim; David S. Goldstein; Lee E. Eiden; Sushil K. Mahata (Cell and Tissue Research, 2016)

Impact of Chromogranin A deficiency on catecholamine storage, catecholamine granule morphology and chromaffin cell energy metabolism in vivo - Teresa Pasqua; Sumana Mahata; Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay; Angshuman Biswas; Guy A. Perkins; Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim; David S. Goldstein; Lee E. Eiden; Sushil K. Mahata (Cell and Tissue Research, 2016)

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein B: recombinant expression and antibody recognition - Inga Dry; Helen Todd; David Deane; Ann Percival; Kevin Mclean; Neil F. Inglis; Erin D. T. Manson; David M. Haig; Shilpa Nayuni; Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher; Dawn M. Grant; Kathryn Bartley; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Taxonomic evaluation of putative Streptomyces scabiei strains held in the ARS Culture Collection (NRRL) using multi-locus sequence analysis - David P. Labeda (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2016)

Non-invasive Assessments of Adipose Tissue Metabolism In Vitro - Rosalyn D. Abbott; Francis E. Borowsky; Kyle P. Quinn; David L. Bernstein; Irene Georgakoudi; David L. Kaplan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Protected areas’ role in climate-change mitigation - Jerry M. Melillo; Xiaoliang Lu; David W. Kicklighter; John M. Reilly; Yongxia Cai; Andrei P. Sokolov (Ambio, 2016)

Pattern, prediction and parsimony in continental‐scale synthesis of pyromes: a reply to Gosper et al . - Brett P. Murphy; Michael J. Lawes; David M.J.S. Bowman (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
We (Murphy et al ., 2013; Clarke et al ., 2015) have recently developed a framework to understand the spatial distribution of fire regimes and plant fire‐response traits at large spatial scales. We integrated a range of data sources to create a continental‐scale overview of Australian pyromes from which to infer pyrogeographic drivers. Gosper et al . (in press) have criticized our approach, based on our misclassification of a vegetation type (eucalypt woodland), with distinct fire regime, in the Coolgardie bioregion of Western Australia. We argue that the intention of our integrative approach was to develop and refine conceptual models of Australian pyrogeography, not to produce a predictive map of fire regimes, and certainly not to guide local‐scale fire management. Like all models, continental‐scale syntheses of pyromes are imperfect, yet they still represent powerful tools for understanding the drivers of the spatial distribution of fire regimes.

Guidance for representing uncertainty on global temperature change maps - David P. Retchless; Cynthia A. Brewer (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Uncertainty in the spatial distribution of projected climate changes can be represented along with the magnitudes of those changes using coincident‐bivariate maps. While these maps are popular in climate change assessment reports, limited empirical research has tested which combinations of colour (including variation in the visual variables of hue, lightness, and saturation) and pattern (including variation in the visual variables of size, shape, spacing, orientation, and arrangement) are best suited to mapping projected changes coincident with uncertainty. We evaluate eight coincident‐bivariate techniques for mapping global temperature ( CMIP5 ensemble using RCP8 .5 and RCP4 .5 scenarios) and its uncertainty, each using 20‐classes: five temperature change classes combined with four uncertainty classes. Subjects ranked rectangular map regions by overall amounts of temperature change and uncertainty; response accuracy was evaluated using Kendall's Tau Distance. Maps using colour for representing temperature change and pattern for uncertainty appear most suitable for retaining separability of temperature and uncertainty information. Spot symbols for uncertainty (combining arrangement and lightness) overlaid on hue/lightness for temperature performed best for uncertainty ranking, second best for temperature ranking, and were map users' preferred representation. If colour alone must be used for both variables, then a classed overlay of lightness/saturation differences for uncertainty with hue/lightness for temperature change was preferred; such maps were strong performers on the uncertainty‐ranking task but interfered with map users' ability to rank temperature change. Such a masking approach may be the best choice if the goal is to actively prevent map users from making erroneous inferences based on highly uncertain model output for climate change.

Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem - Jason L. Hassrick; Mark J. Henderson; David D. Huff; William J. Sydeman; Megan C. Sabal; Jeffrey A. Harding; Arnold J. Ammann; Eric D. Crandall; Eric P. Bjorkstedt; John Carlos Garza; Sean A. Hayes (Fisheries Oceanography, 2016)
Extreme variability in abundance of California salmon populations is often ascribed to ocean conditions, yet relatively little is known about their marine life history. To investigate which ocean conditions influence their distribution and abundance, we surveyed juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) within the California Current (central California [37°30′N) to Newport, Oregon (44°00′N]) for a 2‐week period over three summers (2010–2012). At each station, we measured chlorophyll‐ a as an indicator of primary productivity, acoustic‐based metrics of zooplankton density as an indicator of potential prey availability and physical characteristics such as bottom depth, temperature and salinity. We also measured fork lengths and collected genetic samples from each salmon that was caught. Genetic stock identification revealed that the majority of juvenile salmon were from the Central Valley and the Klamath Basin (91–98%). We constructed generalized logistic‐linear negative binomial hurdle models and chose the best model(s) using Akaike's Information Criterion ( AIC ) to determine which covariates influenced the salmon presence and, at locations where salmon were present, determined the variables that influenced their abundance. The probability of salmon presence was highest in shallower waters with a high chlorophyll‐ a concentration and close to an individual's natal river. Catch abundance was primarily influenced by year, mean fork length and proximity to natal rivers. At the scale of sampling stations, presence and abundance were not related to acoustic indices of zooplankton density. In the weeks to months after ocean entry, California's juvenile Chinook salmon population appears to be primarily constrained to coastal waters near natal river outlets.

Copper homeostasis at the host vibrio interface: lessons from intracellular vibrio transcriptomics - Audrey S. Vanhove; Tristan P. Rubio; An N. Nguyen; Astrid Lemire; David Roche; Julie Nicod; Agnès Vergnes; Aurore C. Poirier; Elena Disconzi; Evelyne Bachère; Frédérique Le Roux; Annick Jacq; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Recent studies revealed that several vibrio species have evolved the capacity to survive inside host cells. However, it is still often ignored if intracellular stages are required for pathogenicity. Virulence of V ibrio tasmaniensis LGP 32, a strain pathogenic for C rassostrea gigas oysters, depends on entry into hemocytes, the oyster immune cells. We investigated here the mechanisms of LGP 32 intracellular survival and their consequences on the host–pathogen interaction. Entry and survival inside hemocytes were required for LGP 32‐driven cytolysis of hemocytes, both in vivo and in vitro . LGP 32 intracellular stages showed a profound boost in metabolic activity and a major transcription of antioxidant and copper detoxification genes, as revealed by RNA sequencing. LGP 32 isogenic mutants showed that resistance to oxidative stress and copper efflux are two main functions required for vibrio intracellular stages and cytotoxicity to hemocytes. Copper efflux was also essential for host colonization and virulence in vivo . Altogether, our results identify copper resistance as a major mechanism to resist killing by phagocytes, induce cytolysis of immune cells and colonize oysters. Selection of such resistance traits could arise from vibrio interactions with copper‐rich environmental niches including marine invertebrates, which favour the emergence of pathogenic vibrios resistant to intraphagosomal killing across animal species.

Genetically Engineered Salmon Approved for Food by US FDA - David P. Green (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2016)

Analysis of the genetic variation in growth, ecophysiology, and chemical and metabolomic composition of wood of Populus trichocarpa provenances - Fernando P. Guerra; James H. Richards; Oliver Fiehn; Randi Famula; Brian J. Stanton; Richard Shuren; Robert Sykes; Mark F. Davis; David B. Neale (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2016)

Refinement of iron ore sinter phases: a silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) and an Al-free SFC, and the effect on phase quantification by X-ray diffraction - David C. Liles; Johan P. R. de Villiers; Volker Kahlenberg (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016)

Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - Youssef Dewer; Marie-Anne Pottier; Lisa Lalouette; Annick Maria; Matthieu Dacher; Luc P. Belzunces; Guillaume Kairo; David Renault; Martine Maibeche; David Siaussat (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance? - David P. Rowell; Catherine A. Senior; Michael Vellinga; Richard J. Graham (Climatic Change, 2016)

A population pharmacokinetic model for R- and S-citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in Alzheimer’s disease patients with agitation - Ayman Akil; Robert R. Bies; Bruce G. Pollock; Dimitrios Avramopoulos; D. P. Devanand; Jacobo E. Mintzer; Anton P. Porsteinsson; Lon S. Schneider; Daniel Weintraub; Jerome Yesavage; David M. Shade; Constantine G. Lyketsos (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2016)

Optimising Drug Solubilisation in Amorphous Polymer Dispersions: Rational Selection of Hot-melt Extrusion Processing Parameters - Shu Li; Yiwei Tian; David S. Jones; Gavin P. Andrews (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2016)

Climate structures genetic variation across a species' elevation range: a test of range limits hypotheses - Jason P. Sexton; Matthew B. Hufford; Ashley C.Bateman; David B. Lowry; Harald Meimberg; Sharon Y. Strauss; Kevin J. Rice (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Gene flow may influence the formation of species range limits, and yet little is known about the patterns of gene flow with respect to environmental gradients or proximity to range limits. With rapid environmental change, it is especially important to understand patterns of gene flow to inform conservation efforts. Here we investigate the species range of the selfing, annual plant, Mimulus laciniatus , in the California Sierra Nevada. We assessed genetic variation, gene flow, and population abundance across the entire elevation‐based climate range. Contrary to expectations, within‐population plant density increased towards both climate limits. Mean genetic diversity of edge populations was equivalent to central populations; however, all edge populations exhibited less genetic diversity than neighbouring interior populations. Genetic differentiation was fairly consistent and moderate among all populations, and no directional signals of contemporary gene flow were detected between central and peripheral elevations. Elevation‐driven gene flow (isolation by environment), but not isolation by distance, was found across the species range. These findings were the same towards high‐ and low‐elevation range limits and were inconsistent with two common centre‐edge hypotheses invoked for the formation of species range limits: (i) decreasing habitat quality and population size; (ii) swamping gene flow from large, central populations. This pattern demonstrates that climate, but not centre‐edge dynamics, is an important range‐wide factor structuring M. laciniatus populations. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to relate environmental patterns of gene flow to range limits hypotheses. Similar investigations across a wide variety of taxa and life histories are needed.

A dynamic leaf gas‐exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO 2 : evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO 2 enrichment studies - Steven L. Voelker; J. Renée Brooks; Frederick C. Meinzer; Rebecca Anderson; Martin K.‐F. Bader; Giovanna Battipaglia; Katie M. Becklin; David Beerling; Didier Bert; Julio L. Betancourt; Todd E. Dawson; Jean‐Christophe Domec; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Rising atmospheric [CO 2 ], c a , is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO 2 ], c i , a constant drawdown in CO 2 ( c a − c i ), and a constant c i / c a . These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas‐exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas‐exchange responses to varying c a . The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas‐exchange responses to c a . To assess leaf gas‐exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in c i inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C) or photosynthetic discrimination (∆) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of c a spanning at least 100 ppm. Our results suggest that much of the c a ‐induced changes in c i / c a occurred across c a spanning 200 to 400 ppm. These patterns imply that c a − c i will eventually approach a constant level at high c a because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant c i . Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low c a , when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water‐conservative at high c a , when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain.

Continent‐scale global change attribution in European birds ‐ combining annual and decadal time scales - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen; Katrin Böhning‐Gaese; Kasper Thorup; Anders P. Tøttrup; Przemysław Chylarecki; Frédéric Jiguet; Aleksi Lehikoinen; David G. Noble; Jiri Reif; Hans Schmid; Chris van Turnhout; Ian J. Burfield; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Species attributes are commonly used to infer impacts of environmental change on multiyear species trends, e.g. decadal changes in population size. However, by themselves attributes are of limited value in global change attribution since they do not measure the changing environment. A broader foundation for attributing species responses to global change may be achieved by complementing an attributes‐based approach by one estimating the relationship between repeated measures of organismal and environmental changes over short time scales. To assess the benefit of this multiscale perspective, we investigate the recent impact of multiple environmental changes on European farmland birds, here focusing on climate change and land use change. We analyze more than 800 time series from 18 countries spanning the past two decades. Analysis of long‐term population growth rates documents simultaneous responses that can be attributed to both climate change and land‐use change, including long‐term increases in populations of hot‐dwelling species and declines in long‐distance migrants and farmland specialists. In contrast, analysis of annual growth rates yield novel insights into the potential mechanisms driving long‐term climate induced change. In particular, we find that birds are affected by winter, spring, and summer conditions depending on the distinct breeding phenology that corresponds to their migratory strategy. Birds in general benefit from higher temperatures or higher primary productivity early on or in the peak of the breeding season with the largest effect sizes observed in cooler parts of species' climatic ranges. Our results document the potential of combining time scales and integrating both species attributes and environmental variables for global change attribution. We suggest such an approach will be of general use when high‐resolution time series are available in large‐scale biodiversity surveys.

Global impacts of the 1980s regime shift - Philip C. Reid; Renata E. Hari; Grégory Beaugrand; David M. Livingstone; Christoph Marty; Dietmar Straile; Jonathan Barichivich; Eric Goberville; Rita Adrian; Yasuyuki Aono; Ross Brown; James Foster; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Despite evidence from a number of Earth systems that abrupt temporal changes known as regime shifts are important, their nature, scale and mechanisms remain poorly documented and understood. Applying principal component analysis, change‐point analysis and a sequential t ‐test analysis of regime shifts to 72 time series, we confirm that the 1980s regime shift represented a major change in the Earth's biophysical systems from the upper atmosphere to the depths of the ocean and from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and occurred at slightly different times around the world. Using historical climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ( CMIP 5) and statistical modelling of historical temperatures, we then demonstrate that this event was triggered by rapid global warming from anthropogenic plus natural forcing, the latter associated with the recovery from the El Chichón volcanic eruption. The shift in temperature that occurred at this time is hypothesized as the main forcing for a cascade of abrupt environmental changes. Within the context of the last century or more, the 1980s event was unique in terms of its global scope and scale; our observed consequences imply that if unavoidable natural events such as major volcanic eruptions interact with anthropogenic warming unforeseen multiplier effects may occur.

Production of grooming-associated sounds by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo: variation, social learning, and possible functions - David P. Watts (Primates, 2016)

Farm gate level nitrogen balance and use efficiency changes post implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive - Cathal Buckley; David P. Wall; Brian Moran; Stephen O’Neill; Paul N. C. Murphy (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016)

Does the Ribosome Challenge our Understanding of the RNA World? - Anthony M. Poole; Daniel C. Jeffares; Marc P. Hoeppner; David Penny (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2016)

Erratum to: A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Investigating the Temporal Effects of Metal-Based Coagulants to Remove Mercury from Solution in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter - Yumiko Henneberry; Tamara E. C. Kraus; David P. Krabbenhoft; William R. Horwath (Environmental Management, 2016)

Indigenous Siberians solve collective action problems through sharing and traditional knowledge - John P. Ziker; Joellie Rasmussen; David A. Nolin (Sustainability Science, 2016)

Rapid purging of genetic load in a metapopulation and consequences for range expansion in an invasive plant - Gina L. Marchini; Nena Cole Sherlock; Alisa P. Ramakrishnan; David M. Rosenthal; Mitchell B. Cruzan (Biological Invasions, 2016)

An effective sperm competition avoidance strategy in crabs drives genetic monogamy despite evidence of polyandry - Luis M Pardo; Marcela P. Riveros; Juan Pablo Fuentes; Noemi Rojas-Hernández; David Veliz (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2016)

The role of marine reserves in the replenishment of a locally impacted population of anemonefish on the Great Barrier Reef - Mary C. Bonin; Hugo B. Harrison; David H. Williamson; Ashley J. Frisch; Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo; Michael L. Berumen; Geoffrey P. Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
The development of parentage analysis to track the dispersal of juvenile offspring has given us unprecedented insight into the population dynamics of coral reef fishes. These tools now have the potential to inform fisheries management and species conservation, particularly for small fragmented populations under threat from exploitation and disturbance. In this study, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for a population of the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus in the Keppel Islands (southern Great Barrier Reef). Habitat loss and fishing appear to have impacted this population and a network of no‐take marine reserves currently protects 75% of the potential breeders. Using parentage analysis, we estimate that 21% of recruitment in the island group was generated locally and that breeding adults living in reserves were responsible for 79% (31 of 39) of these of locally produced juveniles. Overall, the network of reserves was fully connected via larval dispersal; however, one reserve was identified as a critical source of larvae for the island group. The population in the Keppel Islands also appears to be well‐connected to other source populations at least 60 km away, given that 79% (145 of 184) of the juveniles sampled remained unassigned in the parentage analysis. We estimated the effective size of the A. melanopus metapopulation to be 745 (582–993 95% CI ) and recommend continued monitoring of its genetic status. Maintaining connectivity with populations beyond the Keppel Islands and recovery of local recruitment habitat, potentially through active restoration of host anemone populations, will be important for its long‐term persistence.

Detecting surface‐feeding behavior by rorqual whales in accelerometer data - Kylie Owen; Rebecca A. Dunlop; Jason P. Monty; Daniel Chung; Michael J. Noad; David Donnelly; Anne W. Goldizen; Thomas Mackenzie (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
The movement of marine animals feeding at the sea surface is restricted by wave drag and a reduction in propulsive efficiency. Many rorqual whale species lunge feed at the surface, yet existing methodologies for detecting lunges in accelerometer data have not been applied to surface‐feeding behavior. Our study aimed to develop a method to detect surface‐feeding behavior in accelerometer data and in doing so, determine whether wave drag influences the detection of surface‐feeding behavior. A new acceleration parameter is described that considers the forward acceleration of the animal relative to its pitch. The new parameter, along with information on the deceleration and pitch angle, was then used in an automatic lunge detecting algorithm followed by a visual classification method that detected approximately 70% of the lunges observed during focal follow sampling. The forward acceleration of lunges decreased significantly with increasing proximity to the surface. This lower acceleration at the surface may influence the ability to detect lunge feeding behavior close to the surface. Future research should attempt to determine the cause of this relationship, which may be the influence of changes in the forces acting on the whale or behavioral flexibility by the whale.

Human impacts and aridity differentially alter soil N availability in drylands worldwide - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo; Fernando T. Maestre; Antonio Gallardo; David J. Eldridge; Santiago Soliveres; Matthew A. Bowker; Ana Prado‐Comesaña; Juan Gaitán; José L. Quero; Victoria Ochoa; Beatriz Gozalo; Miguel García‐Gómez; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aims Climate and human impacts are changing the nitrogen ( N ) inputs and losses in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is largely unknown how these two major drivers of global change will simultaneously influence the N cycle in drylands, the largest terrestrial biome on the planet. We conducted a global observational study to evaluate how aridity and human impacts, together with biotic and abiotic factors, affect key soil variables of the N cycle. Location Two hundred and twenty‐four dryland sites from all continents except A ntarctica widely differing in their environmental conditions and human influence. Methods Using a standardized field survey, we measured aridity, human impacts (i.e. proxies of land uses and air pollution), key biophysical variables (i.e. soil pH and texture and total plant cover) and six important variables related to N cycling in soils: total N , organic N , ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic:inorganic N and N mineralization rates. We used structural equation modelling to assess the direct and indirect effects of aridity, human impacts and key biophysical variables on the N cycle. Results Human impacts increased the concentration of total N , while aridity reduced it. The effects of aridity and human impacts on the N cycle were spatially disconnected, which may favour scarcity of N in the most arid areas and promote its accumulation in the least arid areas. Main conclusions We found that increasing aridity and anthropogenic pressure are spatially disconnected in drylands. This implies that while places with low aridity and high human impact accumulate N , most arid sites with the lowest human impacts lose N . Our analyses also provide evidence that both increasing aridity and human impacts may enhance the relative dominance of inorganic N in dryland soils, having a negative impact on key functions and services provided by these ecosystems.

Loss of thermal refugia near equatorial range limits - Fernando P. Lima; Filipa Gomes; Rui Seabra; David S. Wethey; Maria I. Seabra; Teresa Cruz; António M. Santos; Thomas J. Hilbish (Global Change Biology, 2016)
This study examines the importance of thermal refugia along the majority of the geographical range of a key intertidal species ( Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Atlantic coast of Europe. We asked whether differences between sun‐exposed and shaded microhabitats were responsible for differences in physiological stress and ecological performance and examined the availability of refugia near equatorial range limits. Thermal differences between sun‐exposed and shaded microhabitats are consistently associated with differences in physiological performance, and the frequency of occurrence of high temperatures is most probably limiting the maximum population densities supported at any given place. Topographical complexity provides thermal refugia throughout most of the distribution range, although towards the equatorial edges the magnitude of the amelioration provided by shaded microhabitats is largely reduced. Importantly, the limiting effects of temperature, rather than being related to latitude, seem to be tightly associated with microsite variability, which therefore is likely to have profound effects on the way local populations (and consequently species) respond to climatic changes.

Transcriptome Profiling of Wild Arachis from Water-Limited Environments Uncovers Drought Tolerance Candidate Genes - Ana C. M. Brasileiro; Carolina V. Morgante; Ana C. G. Araujo; Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli; Amanda K. Silva; Andressa C. Q. Martins; Christina C. Vinson; Candice M. R. Santos; Orzenil Bonfim; Roberto C. Togawa; Mario A. P. Saraiva; David J. Bertioli; et al. (Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2015)

ENaC activity in collecting ducts modulates NCC in cirrhotic mice - David Mordasini; Dominique Loffing-Cueni; Johannes Loffing; Rohrbach Beatrice; Marc P. Maillard; Edith Hummler; Michel Burnier; Geneviève Escher; Bruno Vogt (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2015)

Assessing intra-basin spatial variability in geochemical and isotopic signatures in the sediments of a small neotropical lake - Zachary P. Taylor; Sally P. Horn; David B. Finkelstein (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2015)

Variability in Population Density Is Paralleled by Large Differences in Foraging Efficiency in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) - Kevin B. Potts; Erica Baken; Sylvia Ortmann; David P. Watts; Richard W. Wrangham (International Journal of Primatology, 2015)

A Review of Environmental Life Cycle Assessments of Liquid Transportation Biofuels in the Pan American Region - David R. Shonnard; Bethany Klemetsrud; Julio Sacramento-Rivero; Freddy Navarro-Pineda; Jorge Hilbert; Robert Handler; Nydia Suppen; Richard P. Donovan (Environmental Management, 2015)

Evaluation of the Pseudalert®/Quanti-Tray® MPN Test for the Rapid Enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swimming Pool and Spa Pool Waters - David P. Sartory; Megan Brewer; Agnieszka Beswick; Darron Steggles (Current Microbiology, 2015)

Feeding characteristics reveal functional distinctions among browsing herbivorous fishes on coral reefs - Robert P. Streit; Andrew S. Hoey; David R. Bellwood (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Microaeration for hydrogen sulfide removal during anaerobic treatment: a review - Lucie Krayzelova; Jan Bartacek; Israel Díaz; David Jeison; Eveline I. P. Volcke; Pavel Jenicek (Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2015)

Infrastructure for collaborative science and societal applications in the Columbia River estuary - António M. Baptista; Charles Seaton; Michael P. Wilkin; Sarah F. Riseman; Joseph A. Needoba; David Maier; Paul J. Turner; Tuomas Kärnä; Jesse E. Lopez; Lydie Herfort; V. M. Megler; Craig McNeil; et al. (Frontiers of Earth Science, 2015)
To meet societal needs, modern estuarine science needs to be interdisciplinary and collaborative, combine discovery with hypotheses testing, and be responsive to issues facing both regional and global stakeholders. Such an approach is best conducted with the benefit of data-rich environments, where information from sensors and models is openly accessible within convenient timeframes. Here, we introduce the operational infrastructure of one such data-rich environment, a collaboratory created to support (a) interdisciplinary research in the Columbia River estuary by the multi-institutional team of investigators of the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction and (b) the integration of scientific knowledge into regional decision making. Core components of the operational infrastructure are an observation network, a modeling system and a cyber-infrastructure, each of which is described. The observation network is anchored on an extensive array of long-term stations, many of them interdisciplinary, and is complemented by on-demand deployment of temporary stations and mobile platforms, often in coordinated field campaigns. The modeling system is based on finiteelement unstructured-grid codes and includes operational and process-oriented simulations of circulation, sediments and ecosystem processes. The flow of information is managed through a dedicated cyber-infrastructure, conversant with regional and national observing systems.

Genetic sources of individual variation in parental care behavior - Daniel P. Wetzel; Margret I. Hatch; David F. Westneat (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)