Characterization of opaque2 modifier QTLs and candidate genes in recombinant inbred lines derived from the K0326Y quality protein maize inbred - David R. Holding; Brenda G. Hunter; John P. Klingler; Song Wu; Xiaomei Guo; Bryan C. Gibbon; Rongling Wu; Jan-Michele Schulze; Rudolf Jung; Brian A. Larkins (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011)

Regulatory T cells in lung transplantation—an emerging concept - David C. Neujahr; Christian P. Larsen (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2011)

An improved curvilinear gradient method for parameter optimization in complex biological models - David Szekely; Jamie I. Vandenberg; Socrates Dokos; Adam P. Hill (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2011)

Sedimentary stable carbon isotope evidence of late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in highland Costa Rica - Chad S. Lane; Sally P. Horn; Claudia I. Mora; Kenneth H. Orvis; David B. Finkelstein (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011)

A New Generation Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor Protects Against Kainate-Induced Excitotoxicity - Vinogran Naidoo; Spyros P. Nikas; David A. Karanian; Jeannie Hwang; Jianhong Zhao; JodiAnne T. Wood; Shakiru O. Alapafuja; Subramanian K. Vadivel; David Butler; Alexandros Makriyannis; Ben A. Bahr (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2011)

Expression of tropomyosin-κ induces dilated cardiomyopathy and depresses cardiac myofilament tension by mechanisms involving cross-bridge dependent activation and altered tropomyosin phosphorylation - Chehade N. Karam; Chad M. Warren; Sudarsan Rajan; Pieter P. de Tombe; David F. Wieczorek; R. John Solaro (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2011)

Magma at depth: a retrospective analysis of the 1975 unrest at Mount Baker, Washington, USA - Juliet G. Crider; David Frank; Stephen D. Malone; Michael P. Poland; Cynthia Werner; Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2011)

Predator-dependent diel migration by Halocaridina rubra shrimp (Malacostraca: Atyidae) in Hawaiian anchialine pools - Cayelan C. Carey; Moana P. Ching; Sarah M. Collins; Angela M. Early; William W. Fetzer; David Chai; Nelson G. Hairston (Aquatic Ecology, 2011)

Dissolved Organic Matter in the Florida Everglades: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration - George R. Aiken; Cynthia C. Gilmour; David P. Krabbenhoft; William Orem (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2011)

Within-season temporal variation in correlations between vineyard canopy and winegrape composition and yield - Andrew Hall; David W. Lamb; Bruno P. Holzapfel; John P. Louis (Precision Agriculture, 2011)

Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data - Thomas P. Albright; David J. Ode (Hydrobiologia, 2011)

Hypolimnetic phosphorus and nitrogen dynamics in a small, eutrophic lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion - Deniz Özkundakci; David P. Hamilton; Max M. Gibbs (Hydrobiologia, 2011)

Does sediment capping have post-application effects on zooplankton and phytoplankton? - Deniz Özkundakci; Ian C. Duggan; David P. Hamilton (Hydrobiologia, 2011)

Stroop matching task: role of feature selection and temporal modulation - Isabel A. David; Eliane Volchan; Jaime Vila; Andreas Keil; Letícia de Oliveira; Aydamari J. P. Faria-Júnior; Pandelis Perakakis; Elisa C. Dias; Izabela Mocaiber; Mirtes G. Pereira; Walter Machado-Pinheiro (Experimental Brain Research, 2011)

Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) association to roads: implications for distance sampling - Devin R. Erxleben; Matthew J. Butler; Warren B. Ballard; Mark C. Wallace; Markus J. Peterson; Nova J. Silvy; William P. Kuvlesky; David G. Hewitt; Stephen J. DeMaso; Jason B. Hardin; Megan K. Dominguez-Brazil (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2011)

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors - Robert K. Heaton; Donald R. Franklin; Ronald J. Ellis; J. Allen McCutchan; Scott L. Letendre; Shannon LeBlanc; Stephanie H. Corkran; Nichole A. Duarte; David B. Clifford; Steven P. Woods; Ann C. Collier; Christina M. Marra; et al. (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2011)

A comparison of two microbial detection methods used in aseptic processing of musculoskeletal allograft tissues - Jeremy A. Dennis; Octavio V. Martinez; David C. Landy; Theodore I. Malinin; Paul R. Morris; William P. Fox; Billy E. Buck; H. Thomas Temple (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2011)

Estimating the financial costs of freshwater invasive species in Great Britain: a standardized approach to invasive species costing - Matthew P. J. Oreska; David C. Aldridge (Biological Invasions, 2011)

Erratum to: AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons - Kenneth P. Burnham; David R. Anderson; Kathryn P. Huyvaert (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2011)

The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems - Fei Chen; Hiroyuki Kusaka; Robert Bornstein; Jason Ching; C. S. B. Grimmond; Susanne Grossman‐Clarke; Thomas Loridan; Kevin W. Manning; Alberto Martilli; Shiguang Miao; David Sailor; Francisco P. Salamanca; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2011)
To bridge the gaps between traditional mesoscale modelling and microscale modelling, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, in collaboration with other agencies and research groups, has developed an integrated urban modelling system coupled to the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model as a community tool to address urban environmental issues. The core of this WRF/urban modelling system consists of the following: (1) three methods with different degrees of freedom to parameterize urban surface processes, ranging from a simple bulk parameterization to a sophisticated multi‐layer urban canopy model with an indoor–outdoor exchange sub‐model that directly interacts with the atmospheric boundary layer, (2) coupling to fine‐scale computational fluid dynamic Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes and Large‐Eddy simulation models for transport and dispersion (T&D) applications, (3) procedures to incorporate high‐resolution urban land use, building morphology, and anthropogenic heating data using the National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT), and (4) an urbanized high‐resolution land data assimilation system. This paper provides an overview of this modelling system; addresses the daunting challenges of initializing the coupled WRF/urban model and of specifying the potentially vast number of parameters required to execute the WRF/urban model; explores the model sensitivity to these urban parameters; and evaluates the ability of WRF/urban to capture urban heat islands, complex boundary‐layer structures aloft, and urban plume T&D for several major metropolitan regions. Recent applications of this modelling system illustrate its promising utility, as a regional climate‐modelling tool, to investigate impacts of future urbanization on regional meteorological conditions and on air quality under future climate change scenarios. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society

Mouse models for the study of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: a NOD to similarities and differences to human disease - John P. Driver; David V. Serreze; Yi-Guang Chen (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2011)

Middle to late Holocene initiation of the annual flood pulse in Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia - Mary Beth Day; David A. Hodell; Mark Brenner; Jason H. Curtis; George D. Kamenov; Thomas P. Guilderson; Larry C. Peterson; William F. Kenney; Alan L. Kolata (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2011)

Over-winter decomposition and associated macroinvertebrate communities of three deciduous leaf species in forest streams on the Canadian Boreal Shield - Elisa A. Muto; David P. Kreutzweiser; Paul K. Sibley (Hydrobiologia, 2011)

Variation in deuterium (δD) signatures of Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia feathers grown on breeding and wintering grounds - Sam P. Quinlan; David J. Green (Journal of Ornithology, 2011)

AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons - Kenneth P. Burnham; David R. Anderson; Kathryn P. Huyvaert (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2011)

A Three-State Mathematical Model of Hyperthermic Cell Death - David P. O’Neill; Tingying Peng; Philipp Stiegler; Ursula Mayrhauser; Sonja Koestenbauer; Karlheinz Tscheliessnigg; Stephen J. Payne (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2011)

Marine subsurface eukaryotes: the fungal majority - Virginia P. Edgcomb; David Beaudoin; Rebecca Gast; Jennifer F. Biddle; Andreas Teske (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Studies on the microbial communities of deep subsurface sediments have indicated the presence of Bacteria and Archaea throughout the sediment column. Microbial eukaryotes could also be present in deep‐sea subsurface sediments; either bacterivorous protists or eukaryotes capable of assimilating buried organic carbon. DNA‐ and RNA‐based clone library analyses are used here to examine the microbial eukaryotic diversity and identify the potentially active members in deep‐sea sediment cores of the Peru Margin and the Peru Trench. We compared surface communities with those much deeper in the same cores, and compared cores from different sites. Fungal sequences were most often recovered from both DNA‐ and RNA‐based clone libraries, with variable overall abundances of different sequence types and different dominant clone types in the RNA‐based and the DNA‐based libraries. Surficial sediment communities were different from each other and from the deep subsurface samples. Some fungal sequences represented potentially novel organisms as well as ones with a cosmopolitan distribution in terrestrial, fresh and salt water environments. Our results indicate that fungi are the most consistently detected eukaryotes in the marine sedimentary subsurface; further, some species may be specifically adapted to the deep subsurface and may play important roles in the utilization and recycling of nutrients.

Metapopulation structure of Vibrionaceae among coastal marine invertebrates - Sarah P. Preheim; Yan Boucher; Hans Wildschutte; Lawrence A. David; Daniele Veneziano; Eric J. Alm; Martin F. Polz (Environmental Microbiology, 2011)
Summary Although animal‐associated microbial communities (microbiomes) are increasingly recognized to influence health, the extent to which animals represent highly selective habitats for microbes leading to predominance of high host specificity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that vibrios, which are well‐known commensals and opportunistic pathogens of marine animals, overall display little host preference, likely because of efficient dispersal‐colonization dynamics mediated by food items. We isolated 1753 strains from water and animal samples, which are linked in a food chain and display different degrees of similarity (respiratory and digestive tract of mussels and crabs, live and dead zooplankton, and whole water samples). Multilocus sequence data served as input for modelling and statistical analysis of spatiotemporal population structure. These data showed that the majority of populations occurred broadly within and among hosts, with the dominant population being a near perfect generalist with regard to seasons, host taxa and body regions. Zooplankton harboured the fewest and most specific populations, while crabs and mussels contained the highest diversity with little evidence for host preferences. Most mussel‐ and crab‐associated populations were detected in water samples at similar frequencies, particularly in filter‐feeding mussels where populations were also evenly distributed across host individuals. The higher variation among individuals observed in crabs and zooplankton is consistent with stochastic clonal expansions. These patterns suggest that evolution of a high degree of host specificity is surprisingly rare even though these animals represent long‐lived habitats, and vibrios are consistent members of their microbiome. Instead, many of the populations show stronger association with planktonic (micro)habitats while the microbiome may be a fairly open system for vibrios in which high rates of immigration can outpace selection for specialization.

The emergence of biodiversity conflicts from biodiversity impacts: characteristics and management strategies - Juliette C. Young; Mariella Marzano; Rehema M. White; David I. McCracken; Steve M. Redpath; David N. Carss; Christopher P. Quine; Allan D. Watt (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater fish, 2009 - R Allibone; B David; R Hitchmough; D Jellyman; N Ling; P Ravenscroft; J Waters (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2010)
The threat status of 74 freshwater and estuarine fish present in New Zealand was determined. Fifty‐one native taxa were ranked of which 67% were considered Threatened or At Risk. A single species was classified as Extinct, the New Zealand grayling, which has not been observed since the 1920s. Four taxa were classified in the highest threat category, Nationally Critical, and a further 10 taxa as Threatened (Nationally Endangered or Nationally Vulnerable). Twenty taxa were ranked in the At Risk group with the majority ranked as Declining. Endemic galaxiids (Galaxiidae) dominated the Threatened and At Risk taxa. The majority (68%) belonged to the Galaxias genus, comprising 81% of recognised taxa in this genus and all five species in the genus Neochanna were also ranked as Threatened or At Risk. In addition to 51 native taxa, a further three fish species were considered colonists and 20 introduced species were classified as naturalised, although two of these are considered rare. The majority of the Threatened species occur in the Canterbury and Otago regions where a suite of rare non‐migratory galaxiids exist. Threat mechanisms that were identified as causal in the decline of freshwater fish species were the impact of introduced fish species, declining water quality, effects of water abstraction, loss of habitat via land‐use change and land‐use activities, and river modifications.

Rising environmental temperatures and biogeography: poleward range contraction of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., in the western Atlantic - Sierra J. Jones; Fernando P. Lima; David S. Wethey (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim We tested whether the contraction of the equatorward boundary of an intertidal organism, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis , was due to high summer temperatures limiting mortality. Location The Atlantic coast of the United States. Methods Field transplant experiments were conducted at three locations along the US Atlantic coast. Survival and heat shock protein 70 expression were determined at biweekly intervals. Air and water temperature profiles were used to model current and historical patterns of mortality, and to determine rates of temperature change. Results High levels of mortality and expression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 were observed after multiple consecutive aerial exposures of 32 °C or greater. Since 1960, seasonal air and water temperatures have increased along the eastern US seaboard, and south of Lewes, DE (38.8° N) summer sea surface temperature increases have exceeded the upper lethal limits of this organism. Main conclusions Along the southern portion of its range, intertidal populations of M. edulis have experienced catastrophic mortality directly associated with summer high temperatures. Over the past 50 years, a geographic contraction of the southern, equatorward range edge of M. edulis has occurred, shifting the range edge approximately 350 km north of the previous limit at Cape Hatteras, NC (35.2° N).

Reply to comment on “A framework for understanding the hydroecology of impacted wet meadows in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges, California, USA”: paper published in Hydrogeology Journal (2009) 17:229–246, by Steven P. Loheide II, Richard S. Deitchman, David J. Cooper, Evan C. Wolf, Christopher T. Hammersmark, Jessica D. Lundquist - Steven P. Loheide; Richard S. Deitchman; David J. Cooper; Evan C. Wolf; Christopher T. Hammersmark; Jessica D. Lundquist (Hydrogeology Journal, 2010)

The biological pathway and effect of PCBs on common terns in Lake Michigan - Michael P. Ward; Cindi Jablonski; Brad Semel; David Soucek (Ecotoxicology, 2010)

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation of Phytoplankton Growth in New Zealand Lakes: Implications for Eutrophication Control - Jonathan M. Abell; Deniz Özkundakci; David P. Hamilton (Ecosystems, 2010)

Pooled analyses of 13 prospective cohort studies on folate intake and colon cancer - Dong-Hyun Kim; Stephanie A. Smith-Warner; Donna Spiegelman; Shiaw-Shyuan Yaun; Graham A. Colditz; Jo L. Freudenheim; Edward Giovannucci; R. Alexandra Goldbohm; Saxon Graham; Lisa Harnack; Eric J. Jacobs; Michael Leitzmann; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

The relation between adiposity throughout the life course and variation in IGFs and IGFBPs: evidence from the ProtecT (Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment) study - Mari-Anne Rowlands; Jeff M. P. Holly; David Gunnell; Rebecca Gilbert; Jenny Donovan; J. Athene Lane; Gemma Marsden; Simon M. Collin; Freddie Hamdy; David E. Neal; Richard M. Martin (Cancer Causes & Control, 2010)

Tomato Pathogenesis-related Protein Genes are Expressed in Response to Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci Biotype B Feeding - David P. Puthoff; Frances M. Holzer; Thomas M. Perring; Linda L. Walling (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2010)

Data Assimilation Strategies in the Planetary Boundary Layer - Brian P. Reen; David R. Stauffer (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2010)

Using generalized autoregressive error models to understand fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks in a mulga–spinifex landscape mosaic - Brett P. Murphy; Paolo Paron; Lynda D. Prior; Guy S. Boggs; Donald C. Franklin; David M. J. S. Bowman (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim To develop a new modelling approach for spatially autocorrelated non‐normal data, and apply it to a case study of the role that fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks play in maintaining boundaries between fire‐sensitive and fire‐promoted plant communities. Location A mulga ( Acacia aneura ) shrubland–spinifex ( Triodia spp.) grassland mosaic, central Australia. Methods Autoregressive error models were extended to non‐normal data by incorporating neighbourhood values of the response and predictor variables into generalized nonlinear models. These models were used to examine the environmental correlates of three response variables: mulga cover; fire frequency in areas free of mulga; and the presence of mulga banding. Mulga cover and mulga banding were assessed visually by overlaying 4477 × 1 km 2 grid cells on both Landsat 7 ETM+ and very high resolution imagery. Fire frequency was estimated from an existing fire history for central Australia, based on remotely sensed fire scars. Results The autoregressive error models explained 27%, 47% and 57% of the null deviance of mulga cover, fire frequency and mulga banding, respectively, with 12%, 15% and 24% of the null deviance being explained by environmental variables alone. These models accounted for virtually all residual spatial autocorrelation. While there was a clear negative relationship between mulga cover and fire frequency, there was little evidence that mulga was being restricted to parts of the landscape with inherently low fire frequencies. Mulga was most abundant at very low slope angles and on red earths, both of which are likely to reflect high site productivity, while fire frequency was not clearly affected by slope angle and was also relatively high on red earths. Main conclusions The modelling approach we have developed provides a much needed way of analysing spatially autocorrelated non‐normal data and can be easily incorporated into an information‐theoretic modelling framework. Using this approach, we provide evidence that mulga and spinifex have a highly antagonistic relationship. In more productive parts of the landscape, mulga suppresses spinifex and fire, while in less productive parts of the landscape, fire and spinifex suppress mulga, leading to the remarkable abruptness of mulga–spinifex boundaries that are maintained via fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks.

Differential tree and shrub production in response to fertilization and disturbance by coastal river otters in Alaska - Aaron M. Roe; Carolyn B. Meyer; Nathan P. Nibbelink; Merav Ben-David (Ecology, 2010)
We explored the interacting effects of marine‐derived nutrient fertilization and physical disturbance introduced by coastal river otters ( Lontra canadensis ) on the production and nutrient status of pristine shrub and tree communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. We compared production of trees and shrubs between latrines and non‐latrines, while accounting for otter site selection, by sampling areas on and off sites. Nitrogen stable isotope analysis (δ 15 N) indicated that dominant tree and shrub species assimilated the marine‐derived N excreted by otters. In association with this uptake, tree production increased, but shrub density and nonwoody aboveground shrub production decreased. The reduced shrub production was caused by destruction of ramets, especially blueberry ( Vaccinium spp.), through physical disturbance by river otters. False azalea ( Menziesia ferruginea ) ramets were less sensitive to otter disturbance. Although surviving individual blueberry ramets showed a tendency for increased production per plant, false azalea allocated excess N to storage in leaves rather than growth. We found that plant responses to animal activity vary among species and levels of biological organization (leaf, plant, ecosystem). Such differences should be accounted for when assessing the influence of river otters on the carbon budget of Alaskan coastal forests at the landscape scale.

Restoring biopedturbation in grasslands with anthropogenic focal disturbance - Ryan F. Limb; David M. Engle; Terrence G. Bidwell; Donald P. Althoff; Alan B. Anderson; Philip S. Gipson; Heidi R. Howard (Plant Ecology, 2010)

Hydrolytic Enzyme Production is Associated with Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes - Ranjith Rajendran; Douglas P. Robertson; Penny J. Hodge; David F. Lappin; Gordon Ramage (Mycopathologia, 2010)

Quadrupedal locomotor performance in two species of arboreal squirrels: predicting energy savings of gliding - Elizabeth A. Flaherty; Merav Ben-David; Winston P. Smith (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2010)

Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells from successful vaccinees target the SIV Gag capsid - Juan P. Giraldo-Vela; Alex T. Bean; Richard Rudersdorf; Lyle T. Wallace; John T. Loffredo; Priscilla Erickson; Nancy A. Wilson; David I. Watkins (Immunogenetics, 2010)

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of tetracycline and minocycline resistance in Clostridium perfringens - Miseon Park; Alejandro P. Rooney; David W. Hecht; Jihong Li; Bruce A. McClane; Rajesh Nayak; Donald D. Paine; Fatemeh Rafii (Archives of Microbiology, 2010)

Quaternary tephra marker beds and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on Chatham Island, east of New Zealand, southwest Pacific Ocean - Katherine A. Holt; R. Clel Wallace; Vincent E. Neall; Barry P. Kohn; David J. Lowe (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2010)
Tephras provide one of the most reliable methods of time control and synchronisation within Quaternary sequences. We report on the identification of two widespread rhyolitic tephras – the Kawakawa and Rangitawa tephras – preserved in extensive peat deposits on Chatham Island ∼900 km east of New Zealand. The tephras, both products of supereruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, occur as pale, fine‐ash dominated layers typically 10–150 mm thick. Mineralogically they are dominated by rhyolitic glass, together with subordinate amounts of quartz, feldspar, hypersthene, hornblende, Fe–Ti oxides and zircon. Phlogopite/biotite was identified additionally in Rangitawa Tephra. Ages for each tephra were obtained via mineralogical and major element glass composition‐based correlation with well‐dated equivalent deposits on mainland New Zealand, and we also obtained a new zircon fission‐track age for Rangitawa Tephra (350 ± 50 ka) on Chatham Island. Both tephras were erupted at critical times for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the New Zealand region: the Kawakawa at ca. 27 cal. ka, near the beginning of the ‘extended’ LGM early in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2; and the Rangitawa at ca. 350 ka near the end of MIS 10. The time constraints provided by the tephras demonstrate that Chatham Island peats contain long‐distance pollen derived from mainland New Zealand, which provides a reliable proxy for identifying glacial–interglacial climate conditions, in this case during the MIS 11–10 and MIS 2–1 cycles. The two tephras thus provide important chronostratigraphic tie‐points that facilitate correlation and synchronisation not only across the Quaternary deposits of the Chatham Islands group but also with climatically significant terrestrial and marine records in the wider New Zealand region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Carbon exchange in biological soil crust communities under differential temperatures and soil water contents: implications for global change - EDMUND E. GROTE; JAYNE BELNAP; DAVID C. HOUSMAN; JED P. SPARKS (Global Change Biology, 2010)
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are an integral part of the soil system in arid regions worldwide, stabilizing soil surfaces, aiding vascular plant establishment, and are significant sources of ecosystem nitrogen and carbon. Hydration and temperature primarily control ecosystem CO 2 flux in these systems. Using constructed mesocosms for incubations under controlled laboratory conditions, we examined the effect of temperature (5–35 °C) and water content (WC, 20–100%) on CO 2 exchange in light (cyanobacterially dominated) and dark (cyanobacteria/lichen and moss dominated) biocrusts of the cool Colorado Plateau Desert in Utah and the hot Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico. In light crusts from both Utah and New Mexico, net photosynthesis was highest at temperatures >30 °C. Net photosynthesis in light crusts from Utah was relatively insensitive to changes in soil moisture. In contrast, light crusts from New Mexico tended to exhibit higher rates of net photosynthesis at higher soil moisture. Dark crusts originating from both sites exhibited the greatest net photosynthesis at intermediate soil water content (40–60%). Declines in net photosynthesis were observed in dark crusts with crusts from Utah showing declines at temperatures >25 °C and those originating from New Mexico showing declines at temperatures >35 °C. Maximum net photosynthesis in all crust types from all locations were strongly influenced by offsets in the optimal temperature and water content for gross photosynthesis compared with dark respiration. Gross photosynthesis tended to be maximized at some intermediate value of temperature and water content and dark respiration tended to increase linearly. The results of this study suggest biocrusts are capable of CO 2 exchange under a wide range of conditions. However, significant changes in the magnitude of this exchange should be expected for the temperature and precipitation changes suggested by current climate models.

Hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress responses in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough - Aifen Zhou; Zhili He; Alyssa M. Redding‐Johanson; Aindrila Mukhopadhyay; Christopher L. Hemme; Marcin P. Joachimiak; Feng Luo; Ye Deng; Kelly S. Bender; Qiang He; Jay D. Keasling; David A. Stahl; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary To understand how sulphate‐reducing bacteria respond to oxidative stresses, the responses of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to H 2 O 2 ‐induced stresses were investigated with transcriptomic, proteomic and genetic approaches. H 2 O 2 and induced chemical species (e.g. polysulfide, ROS) and redox potential shift increased the expressions of the genes involved in detoxification, thioredoxin‐dependent reduction system, protein and DNA repair, and decreased those involved in sulfate reduction, lactate oxidation and protein synthesis. A gene coexpression network analysis revealed complicated network interactions among differentially expressed genes, and suggested possible importance of several hypothetical genes in H 2 O 2 stress. Also, most of the genes in PerR and Fur regulons were highly induced, and the abundance of a Fur regulon protein increased. Mutant analysis suggested that PerR and Fur are functionally overlapped in response to stresses induced by H 2 O 2 and reaction products, and the upregulation of thioredoxin‐dependent reduction genes was independent of PerR or Fur. It appears that induction of those stress response genes could contribute to the increased resistance of deletion mutants to H 2 O 2 ‐induced stresses. In addition, a conceptual cellular model of D. vulgaris responses to H 2 O 2 stress was constructed to illustrate that this bacterium may employ a complicated molecular mechanism to defend against the H 2 O 2 ‐induced stresses.

Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology - John J. Wiens; David D. Ackerly; Andrew P. Allen; Brian L. Anacker; Lauren B. Buckley; Howard V. Cornell; Ellen I. Damschen; T. Jonathan Davies; John‐Arvid Grytnes; Susan P. Harrison; Bradford A. Hawkins; Robert D. Holt; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2010)
The diversity of life is ultimately generated by evolution, and much attention has focused on the rapid evolution of ecological traits. Yet, the tendency for many ecological traits to instead remain similar over time [niche conservatism (NC)] has many consequences for the fundamental patterns and processes studied in ecology and conservation biology. Here, we describe the mounting evidence for the importance of NC to major topics in ecology (e.g. species richness, ecosystem function) and conservation (e.g. climate change, invasive species). We also review other areas where it may be important but has generally been overlooked, in both ecology (e.g. food webs, disease ecology, mutualistic interactions) and conservation (e.g. habitat modification). We summarize methods for testing for NC, and suggest that a commonly used and advocated method (involving a test for phylogenetic signal) is potentially problematic, and describe alternative approaches. We suggest that considering NC: (1) focuses attention on the within‐species processes that cause traits to be conserved over time, (2) emphasizes connections between questions and research areas that are not obviously related (e.g. invasives, global warming, tropical richness), and (3) suggests new areas for research (e.g. why are some clades largely nocturnal? why do related species share diseases?).

Native fish diversity alters the effects of an invasive species on food webs - Michael P. Carey; David H. Wahl (Ecology, 2010)
Aquatic communities have been altered by invasive species, with impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem function. At the same time, native biodiversity may mitigate the effects of an invader. Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) is a ubiquitous, invasive fish species that strongly influences community and ecosystem processes. We used common carp to test whether the potential effects of an invasive species are altered across a range of species diversity in native communities. In mesocosms, treatments of zero, one, three, and six native fish species were used to represent the nested subset patterns observed in fish communities of lakes in Illinois, USA. The effect of the invader was tested across fish richness treatments by adding common carp to the native community and substituting native biomass with common carp. Native species and intraspecific effects reduced invader growth. The invader reduced native fish growth; however, the negative effect was minimized with increasing native richness. The zooplankton grazer community was modified by a top‐down effect from the invader that increased the amount of phytoplankton. Neither the invader nor richness treatments influenced total phosphorus or community metabolism. Overall, the invader reduced resources for native species, and the effect scaled with how the invader was incorporated into the community. Higher native diversity mitigated the impact of the invader, confirming the need to consider biodiversity when predicting the impacts of invasive species.

An unusual novel anti-oxidant dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans - M. Narasimhulu; K. Ashalatha; P. Sri Laxmi; A.V.S. Sarma; B. Rama Rao; P.B. Kavi Kishor; G.L. David Krupadanam; A. Zehra Ali; Asok K. Tiwari; A. Panneer Selvam; Y. Venkateswarlu (Natural Product Research, 2010)

Spatial distribution of surface wave field in coastal regions using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar images - David Y. Lai; Donald P. Delisi (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010)

Dose-dependent differences in short ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by rats during cocaine self-administration - David J. Barker; David H. Root; Sisi Ma; Shaili Jha; Laura Megehee; Anthony P. Pawlak; Mark O. West (Psychopharmacology, 2010)

Estimating parameters of a forest ecosystem C model with measurements of stocks and fluxes as joint constraints - Andrew D. Richardson; Mathew Williams; David Y. Hollinger; David J. P. Moore; D. Bryan Dail; Eric A. Davidson; Neal A. Scott; Robert S. Evans; Holly Hughes; John T. Lee; Charles Rodrigues; Kathleen Savage (Oecologia, 2010)

Use of SPR to Study the Interaction of G7-18NATE Peptide with the Grb7-SH2 Domain - Menachem J. Gunzburg; Nigus D. Ambaye; Jack T. Hertzog; Mark P. Del Borgo; Stephanie C. Pero; David N. Krag; Matthew C. J. Wilce; Marie-Isabel Aguilar; Patrick Perlmutter; Jacqueline A. Wilce (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2010)

Strong influence of microhabitat on survival for an intertidal snail, Nucella lima - Ryan P. Kovach; David A. Tallmon (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Limitation of lowland riverine bacterioplankton by dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrients - Douglas P. Westhorpe; Simon M. Mitrovic; David Ryan; Tsuyoshi Kobayashi (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton productivity in surface waters of a warm-temperate, monomictic lake in New Zealand - Nina von Westernhagen; David P. Hamilton; Conrad A. Pilditch (Hydrobiologia, 2010)

Bimanual grasp planning reflects changing rather than fixed constraint dominance - Robrecht P. R. D. van der Wel; David A. Rosenbaum (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Spatial ecology of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in tidal creeks and coastal waters of Eleuthera, The Bahamas - Karen J. Murchie; Emily Schwager; Steven J. Cooke; Andy J. Danylchuk; Sascha E. Danylchuk; Tony L. Goldberg; Cory D. Suski; David P. Philipp (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2010)

Precipitation extremes and the impacts of climate change on stormwater infrastructure in Washington State - Eric A. Rosenberg; Patrick W. Keys; Derek B. Booth; David Hartley; Jeff Burkey; Anne C. Steinemann; Dennis P. Lettenmaier (Climatic Change, 2010)

Striated muscle tropomyosin isoforms differentially regulate cardiac performance and myofilament calcium sensitivity - Ganapathy Jagatheesan; Sudarsan Rajan; Rafeeq P. H. Ahmed; Natalia Petrashevskaya; Greg Boivin; Grace M. Arteaga; Hyun-Jin Tae; Stephen B. Liggett; R. John Solaro; David F. Wieczorek (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2010)

Efficient Methods of Estimating Switchgrass Biomass Supplies - Marty R. Schmer; Robert B. Mitchell; Kenneth P. Vogel; Walter H. Schacht; David B. Marx (BioEnergy Research, 2010)

Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits - Francesco de Bello; Sandra Lavorel; Sandra Díaz; Richard Harrington; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Richard D. Bardgett; Matty P. Berg; Pablo Cipriotti; Christian K. Feld; Daniel Hering; Pedro Martins da Silva; Simon G. Potts; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches - Wolf M. Mooij; Dennis Trolle; Erik Jeppesen; George Arhonditsis; Pavel V. Belolipetsky; Deonatus B. R. Chitamwebwa; Andrey G. Degermendzhy; Donald L. DeAngelis; Lisette N. De Senerpont Domis; Andrea S. Downing; J. Alex Elliott; Carlos Ruberto Fragoso; et al. (Aquatic Ecology, 2010)

Relative Precision of Inhaler Aerodynamic Particle Size Distribution (APSD) Metrics by Full Resolution and Abbreviated Andersen Cascade Impactors (ACIs): Part 2—Investigation of Bias in Extra-Fine Mass Fraction with AIM-HRT Impactor - Jolyon P. Mitchell; Mark W. Nagel; Cathy C. Doyle; Rubina S. Ali; Valentina I. Avvakoumova; J. David Christopher; Jorge Quiroz; Helen Strickland; Terrence Tougas; Svetlana Lyapustina (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010)

A standardised sampling protocol for robust assessment of reach‐scale fish community diversity in wadeable New Zealand streams - Bruno O David; Mark P Hamer; Kevin J Collier; Mike D Lake; Graham M Surrey; Kate McArthur; Carol Nicholson; Alton Perrie; Matthew Dale (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2010)
The New Zealand fish fauna contains species that are affected not only by river system connectivity, but also by catchment and local‐scale changes in landcover, water quality and habitat quality. Consequently, native fish have potential as multi‐scale bioindicators of human pressure on stream ecosystems, yet no standardised, repeatable and scientifically defensible methods currently exist for effectively quantifying their abundance or diversity in New Zealand stream reaches. Here we report on the testing of a back‐pack electrofishing method, modified from that used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, on a wide variety of wadeable stream reaches throughout New Zealand. Seventy‐three first‐ to third‐order stream reaches were fished with a single pass over 150–345 m length. Time taken to sample a reach using single‐pass electrofishing ranged from 1–8 h. Species accumulation curves indicated that, irrespective of location, continuous sampling of 150 stream metres is required to accurately describe reach‐scale fish species richness using this approach. Additional species detection beyond 150 m was rare (

Coupling GIS and LCA for biodiversity assessments of land use - Roland Geyer; Jan P. Lindner; David M. Stoms; Frank W. Davis; Bastian Wittstock (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2010)

Idealised flow past an island in a dynamically adaptive finite element model - David R. Munday; David P. Marshall; Matthew D. Piggott (Ocean Dynamics, 2010)

Implications of Alternative Field-Sampling Designs on Landsat-Based Mapping of Stand Age and Carbon Stocks in Oregon Forests - Maureen V. Duane; Warren B. Cohen; John L. Campbell; Tara Hudiburg; David P. Turner; Dale L. Weyermann (Forest Science, 2010)
Empirical models relating forest attributes to remotely sensed metrics are widespread in the literature and underpin many of our efforts to map forest structure across complex landscapes. In this study we compared empirical models relating Landsat reflectance to forest age across Oregon using two alternate sets of ground data: one from a large (n ∼ 1500) systematic forest inventory and another from a smaller set of plots (n < 50) deliberately selected to represent pure conditions along predefined structural gradients. Models built with the smaller set of targeted ground data resulted in lower plot-level mapping error (root mean square error) and higher apparent explanatory power (R2) than those built with the larger, more widely distributed inventory data. However, in two of the three ecoregions considered, predictions derived from models built with the smaller ground data set displayed a bias relative to those built with the larger but noisier inventory data. A modeling exercise, wherein mapped forest age was translated into carbon, demonstrated how nonlinear ecological models can magnify these prediction biases over landscapes. From this study, it is clear that for mapping purposes, inventory data are superior to project-specific data sets if those data sets are not representative of the full region over which mapping is to be done.

Influence of age, sex, and aerobic capacity on forearm and skin blood flow and vascular conductance - Gary J. Hodges; Lisa Sharp; Richard E. Clements; David F. Goldspink; Keith P. George; Nigel T. Cable (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Mechanisms and reliability of future projected changes in daily precipitation - Elizabeth Jane Kendon; David P. Rowell; Richard G. Jones (Climate Dynamics, 2010)

Safeguarding Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Little Karoo, South Africa - BENIS N. EGOH; BELINDA REYERS; JOSIE CARWARDINE; MICHAEL BODE; PATRICK J. O'FARRELL; KERRIE A. WILSON; HUGH P. POSSINGHAM; MATHIEU ROUGET; WILLEM De LANGE; DAVID M. RICHARDSON; RICHARD M. COWLING (Conservation Biology, 2010)
Global declines in biodiversity and the widespread degradation of ecosystem services have led to urgent calls to safeguard both. Responses to this urgency include calls to integrate the needs of ecosystem services and biodiversity into the design of conservation interventions. The benefits of such integration are purported to include improvements in the justification and resources available for these interventions. Nevertheless, additional costs and potential trade‐offs remain poorly understood in the design of interventions that seek to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. We sought to investigate the synergies and trade‐offs in safeguarding ecosystem services and biodiversity in South Africa's Little Karoo. We used data on three ecosystem services—carbon storage, water recharge, and fodder provision—and data on biodiversity to examine several conservation planning scenarios. First, we investigated the amount of each ecosystem service captured incidentally by a conservation plan to meet targets for biodiversity only while minimizing opportunity costs. We then examined the costs of adding targets for ecosystem services into this conservation plan. Finally, we explored trade‐offs between biodiversity and ecosystem service targets at a fixed cost. At least 30% of each ecosystem service was captured incidentally when all of biodiversity targets were met. By including data on ecosystem services, we increased the amount of services captured by at least 20% for all three services without additional costs. When biodiversity targets were reduced by 8%, an extra 40% of fodder provision and water recharge were obtained and 58% of carbon could be captured for the same cost. The opportunity cost (in terms of forgone production) of safeguarding 100% of the biodiversity targets was about US$500 million. Our results showed that with a small decrease in biodiversity target achievement, substantial gains for the conservation of ecosystem services can be achieved within our biodiversity priority areas for no extra cost.

Ecological genomics-changing perspectives on Darwin’s basic concerns - SUZY C. P. RENN; DAVID H. SIEMENS (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Selenium biofortification of high-yielding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by liquid or granular Se fertilisation - Martin R. Broadley; John Alcock; James Alford; Paul Cartwright; Ian Foot; Susan J. Fairweather-Tait; David J. Hart; Rachel Hurst; Peter Knott; Steve P. McGrath; Mark C. Meacham; Keith Norman; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2010)

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Pongamia [Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierrre] using AFLP Markers - Mahendar Thudi; Revathi Manthena; Suhas P. Wani; Leela Tatikonda; David A. Hoisington; Rajeev K. Varshney (Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2010)

The influence of interval versus continuous exercise on thermoregulation, torso hemodynamics, and finger dexterity in the cold - Matthew D. Muller; Edward J. Ryan; David M. Bellar; Chul-Ho Kim; Robert P. Blankfield; Sarah M. Muller; Ellen L. Glickman (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Molecular detection of transcriptionally active bacteria from failed prosthetic hip joints removed during revision arthroplasty - M. P. Riggio; Kate E. Dempsey; Allan Lennon; David Allan; Gordon Ramage; Jeremy Bagg (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2010)

Fuel Reduction Management Practices in Riparian Areas of the Western USA - Katharine R. Stone; David S. Pilliod; Kathleen A. Dwire; Charles C. Rhoades; Sherry P. Wollrab; Michael K. Young (Environmental Management, 2010)

Road and Rail Side Vegetation Management Implications of Habitat Use by Moose Relative to Brush Cutting Season - Roy V. Rea; Kenneth N. Child; David P. Spata; Douglas MacDonald (Environmental Management, 2010)

Intercomparison and analyses of the climatology of the West African Monsoon in the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) first model intercomparison experiment - Yongkang Xue; Fernando De Sales; W. K.-M. Lau; Aaron Boone; Jinming Feng; Paul Dirmeyer; Zhichang Guo; Kyu-Myong Kim; Akio Kitoh; Vadlamani Kumar; Isabelle Poccard-Leclercq; Natalie Mahowald; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2010)

The WAMME regional model intercomparison study - Leonard M. Druyan; Jinming Feng; Kerry H. Cook; Yongkang Xue; Matthew Fulakeza; Samson M. Hagos; Abdourahamane Konaré; Wilfran Moufouma-Okia; David P. Rowell; Edward K. Vizy; Seidou Sanda Ibrah (Climate Dynamics, 2010)

Identification and characterization of DSPIa, a novel isoform of human desmoplakin - Rita M. Cabral; Hong Wan; Clare L. Cole; Dominic J. Abrams; David P. Kelsell; Andrew P. South (Cell and Tissue Research, 2010)

Do penguins dare to walk at night? Visual cues influence king penguin colony arrivals and departures - Anna P. Nesterova; Céline Le Bohec; David Beaune; Emeline Pettex; Yvon Le Maho; Francesco Bonadonna (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2010)

Adaptation or constraint? Reference-dependent scatter in honey bee dances - David A. Tanner; P. Kirk Visscher (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2010)

The influence of vegetation type, soil properties and precipitation on the composition of soil mite and microbial communities at the landscape scale - Uffe N. Nielsen; Graham H. R. Osler; Colin D. Campbell; David F. R. P. Burslem; René van der Wal (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim We used a landscape‐scale study of birch invasion onto heather moorland to determine the consistency of changes in vegetation type and soil properties and in the community composition of five soil organism groups. Our aim was to determine whether the degree to which soil organisms respond to natural changes and/or induced changes (e.g. changes in land‐use type and climate) in habitat is consistent across trophic and taxonomic groups in the context of conservation policies for birch woodland and heather moorland. Location Mainland Scotland. Methods We sampled mesostigmatid mites, oribatid mites, fungi, bacteria and archaea in adjacent patches of birch woodland (dominated by Betula pubescens ) and heather moorland (dominated by Calluna vulgaris ) at 12 sites for which annual rainfall ranged between 713 and 2251 mm. Differences in community composition were visualized using non‐metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities. The factors contributing to differences between habitats within sites were explored using general linear models and those among sites using redundancy analysis. Results The communities of all groups differed between habitats within sites, but only the oribatid mites and fungi differed consistently between habitats across sites. Within sites, dissimilarity in fungal communities was positively related to the difference in C. vulgaris cover between habitats, whereas dissimilarities in bacteria and archaea were positively related to differences in soil pH and C:N ratio between habitats, respectively. Main conclusions The influence of vegetation type and soil properties differed between groups of soil organisms, albeit in a predictable manner, across the 12 sites. Organisms directly associated with plants (fungi), and organisms with microhabitat and resource preferences (Oribatida) were strongly responsive to changes in habitat type. The response of organisms not directly associated with plants (bacteria, archaea) depended on differences in soil properties, while organisms with less clear microhabitat and resource preferences (Mesostigmata) were not strongly responsive to either vegetation type or soil properties. These results show that it is possible to predict the impact of habitat change on specific soil organisms depending on their ecology. Moreover, the community composition of all groups was related to variation in precipitation within the study area, which shows that external factors, such as those caused by climate change, can have a direct effect on belowground communities.

Assessment of two methods to monitor wetness to control dust emissions, Owens Dry Lake, California - David P. Groeneveld; Richard P. Watson; David D. Barz; Jeffrey B. Silverman; William M. Baugh (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010)

Coupling GIS and LCA for biodiversity assessments of land use - Roland Geyer; David M. Stoms; Jan P. Lindner; Frank W. Davis; Bastian Wittstock (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2010)

Choosing What to Believe About Forests: Differences Between Professional and Non-Professional Evaluative Criteria - Roje S. Gootee; Keith A. Blatner; David M. Baumgartner; Matthew S. Carroll; Edward P. Weber (Small-scale Forestry, 2010)

People are like their Dogs - P. David Polly (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2010)

Dye-tracing studies in southwestern Missouri, USA: indication of stratigraphic flow control in the Burlington Limestone - Douglas Gouzie; Rebecca P. Dodd; David M. White (Hydrogeology Journal, 2010)

Phylogeography of Leiopelma hochstetteri reveals strong genetic structure and suggests new conservation priorities - Antoine Fouquet; David M. Green; Bruce Waldman; Julia H. Bowsher; Katherine P. McBride; Neil J. Gemmell (Conservation Genetics, 2010)

Age-dependent cognitive impairment in a Drosophila Fragile X model and its pharmacological rescue - Catherine H. Choi; Sean M. J. McBride; Brian P. Schoenfeld; David A. Liebelt; David Ferreiro; Neal J. Ferrick; Paul Hinchey; Maria Kollaros; Rebecca L. Rudominer; Allison M. Terlizzi; Eric Koenigsberg; Yan Wang; et al. (Biogerontology, 2010)

Vertical distributions of chlorophyll in deep, warm monomictic lakes - David P. Hamilton; Katherine R. O’Brien; Michele A. Burford; Justin D. Brookes; Chris G. McBride (Aquatic Sciences, 2010)

Relative Precision of Inhaler Aerodynamic Particle Size Distribution (APSD) Metrics by Full Resolution and Abbreviated Andersen Cascade Impactors (ACIs): Part 1 - Jolyon P. Mitchell; Mark W. Nagel; Cathy C. Doyle; Rubina S. Ali; Valentina I. Avvakoumova; J. David Christopher; Jorge Quiroz; Helen Strickland; Terrence Tougas; Svetlana Lyapustina (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010)

The environmental limits to geographic range expansion in birds - Alex L. Pigot; Ian P. F. Owens; C. David L. Orme (Ecology Letters, 2010)
Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 705–715 Abstract The environmental factors limiting species’ ranges across broad geographic and taxonomic scales are central to questions regarding the geographic variation in biodiversity and impacts of environmental change. However, our understanding remains relatively limited owing to the small‐scale, correlative nature of most previous analyses. In this study, we provide a global test of the environmental determinants of range limits in birds, using both stochastic and environmentally deterministic models of range expansion to simulate spatial patterns in the shape of species’ distributions. We show that spatial variation in range shape can be well explained by the action of a few key climatic variables in limiting range expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these patterns cannot be explained by random processes alone. In addition, our study also identifies important differences in the factors constraining range expansion between biogeographic realms and between widespread and rare species. Although temperature was the principal climatic determinant of range shape at a global scale, its effects were driven primarily by widespread species, with the ranges of rare taxa better predicted by gradients in precipitation or topography. These key results were robust with respect to the index used to quantify range shape. Our analysis helps resolve long running debates regarding the role of environmentally deterministic and stochastic processes in structuring biodiversity and extends our understanding of the factors limiting species’ ranges and the response of broad scale biodiversity patterns to environmental change.

Climatology of extratropical cyclones over the South American–southern oceans sector - David Mendes; Enio P. Souza; José A. Marengo; Monica C. D. Mendes (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2010)

Seasonal analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth performance of the salt marsh grass Spartina patens - Allana K. Welsh; David J. Burke; Erik P. Hamerlynck; Dittmar Hahn (Plant and Soil, 2010)

Low temperatures impact dormancy status, flowering competence, and transcript profiles in crown buds of leafy spurge - Münevver Doğramacı; David P. Horvath; Wun S. Chao; Michael E. Foley; Michael J. Christoffers; James V. Anderson (Plant Molecular Biology, 2010)

Characterization, expression and function of DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes from leafy spurge - David P. Horvath; Sibum Sung; Donghwan Kim; Wun Chao; James Anderson (Plant Molecular Biology, 2010)

Initial changes in the transcriptome of Euphorbia esula seeds induced to germinate with a combination of constant and diurnal alternating temperatures - Michael E. Foley; James V. Anderson; Wun S. Chao; Münevver Doğramacı; David P. Horvath (Plant Molecular Biology, 2010)

Does Imprecision in The Waggle Dance Fit Patterns Predicted by The Tuned-Error Hypothesis? - David A. Tanner; P. Kirk Visscher (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2010)

Cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages from the ‘Parallel Roads’ of Glen Roy, Scotland - Derek Fabel; David Small; Maria Miguens‐Rodriguez; Stewart P. H. T. Freeman (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2010)
The ‘Parallel Roads’ of Glen Roy, Scotland, are the shorelines of former ice‐dammed lakes created by the last glaciers to occupy the area. We use surface exposure dating with cosmic ray‐produced 10 Be in quartz to provide the first numerical age control on the timing of formation of one of one of these shorelines and depositional features in Glen Roy. Four bedrock samples from the surface of the 325 m ‘Parallel Road’ yielded a mean formation age of ca. 11.5–11.9 ka. This age range confirms the long‐held view that the ‘Parallel Roads’ are Loch Lomond Stadial (ca. 12.9–11.5 ka) features. The age range reflects variation in currently available cosmogenic nuclide scaling schemes and the related 10 Be production rates. Two samples from the surface of the Turret fan indicate that the 260 m lake drained before ca. 10.7–11.0 ka, while two samples from the Brunachan fan suggest that subaerial sedimentation occurred after ca. 9.7–9.9 ka. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Molecular detection of betanodavirus from the farmed fish, Platax orbicularis (Forsskal) (Ephippidae), in French Polynesia - R David; C Tréguier; C Montagnani; C Belliard; P Levy; G Nédélec; V Joufoques; G Remoissenet; Y Gueguen; N Cochennec‐Laureau (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2010)

Sustainable Food Supply Chains - David P. Green (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2010)

Net Benefits of Wildfire Prevention Education Efforts - Jeffrey P. Prestemon; David T. Butry; Karen L. Abt; Ronda Sutphen (Forest Science, 2010)
Wildfire prevention education efforts involve a variety of methods, including airing public service announcements, distributing brochures, and making presentations, which are intended to reduce the occurrence of certain kinds of wildfires. A Poisson model of preventable Florida wildfires from 2002 to 2007 by fire management region was developed. Controlling for potential simultaneity biases, this model indicated that wildfire prevention education efforts have statistically significant and negative effects on the numbers of wildfires ignited by debris burning, campfire escapes, smoking, and children. Evaluating the expected reductions in wildfire damages given a change in wildfire prevention education efforts from current levels showed that marginal benefits exceed marginal costs statewide by an average of 35-fold. The benefits exceeded costs in the fire management regions by 10- to 99-fold, depending on assumptions about how wildfire prevention education spending is allocated to these regions.

Environmental constraints modify the way an interceptive action is controlled - Antoine H. P. Morice; Matthieu François; David M. Jacobs; Gilles Montagne (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

A magnetoencephalography study of choice bias - William M. Hedgcock; David A. Crowe; Arthur C. Leuthold; Apostolos P. Georgopoulos (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

The effect of 48 weeks of aerobic exercise training on cutaneous vasodilator function in post-menopausal females - Gary J. Hodges; Lisa Sharp; Claire Stephenson; Ashish Y. Patwala; Keith P. George; David F. Goldspink; N. Tim Cable (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

The high value of logged tropical forests: lessons from northern Borneo - Nicholas J. Berry; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon L. Lewis; Jane K. Hill; David P. Edwards; Noel B. Tawatao; Norhayati Ahmad; David Magintan; Chey V. Khen; M. Maryati; Robert C. Ong; Keith C. Hamer (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2010)

Prey choice by carabid beetles feeding on an earthworm community analysed using species- and lineage-specific PCR primers - R. ANDREW KING; IAN P. VAUGHAN; JAMES R. BELL; DAVID A. BOHAN; WILLIAM O. C. SYMONDSON (Molecular Ecology, 2010)

Herbivory of tropical rain forest tree seedlings correlates with future mortality - Markus P. Eichhorn; Reuben Nilus; Stephen G. Compton; Sue E. Hartley; David F. R. P. Burslem (Ecology, 2010)
Tree seedlings in tropical rain forests are subject to both damage from natural enemies and intense interspecific competition. This leads to a trade‐off in investment between defense and growth, and it is likely that tree species specialized to particular habitats tailor this balance to correspond with local resource availability. It has also been suggested that differential herbivore impacts among tree species may drive habitat segregation, favoring species adapted to particular resource conditions. In order to test these predictions, a reciprocal transplant experiment in Sabah, Malaysia, was established with seedlings of five species of Dipterocarpaceae. These were specialized to either alluvial ( Hopea nervosa , Parashorea tomentella ) or sandstone soils ( Shorea multiflora , H. beccariana ), or were locally absent ( S. fallax ). A total of 3000 seedlings were planted in paired gap and understory plots in five sites on alluvial and sandstone soils. Half of all seedlings were fertilized. Seedling growth and mortality were recorded in regular samples over 3.5 years, and rates of insect herbivore damage were estimated from censuses of foliar tissue loss on marked mature leaves and available young leaves. Greater herbivory rates on mature leaves had no measurable effects on seedling growth but were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of mortality during the following year. In contrast, new‐leaf herbivory rates correlated with neither growth nor mortality. There were no indications of differential impacts of herbivory among the five species, nor between experimental treatments. Herbivory was not shown to influence segregation of species between soil types, although it may contribute toward differential survival among light habitats. Natural rates of damage were substantially lower than have been shown to influence tree seedling growth and mortality in previous manipulative studies.

Improving the Performance of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil for Nature Conservation - WILLIAM F. LAURANCE; LIAN P. KOH; RHETT BUTLER; NAVJOT S. SODHI; COREY J. A. BRADSHAW; J. DAVID NEIDEL; HAZEL CONSUNJI; JAVIER MATEO VEGA (Conservation Biology, 2010)

What Conservation Biologists Can Do to Counter Trap‐Neuter‐Return: Response to Longcore et al. - CHRISTOPHER A. LEPCZYK; NICO DAUPHINÉ; DAVID M. BIRD; SHEILA CONANT; ROBERT J. COOPER; DAVID C. DUFFY; PAMELA JO HATLEY; PETER P. MARRA; ELIZABETH STONE; STANLEY A. TEMPLE (Conservation Biology, 2010)

A back‐trajectory and air mass climatology for the Northern Shenandoah Valley, USA - David M. Hondula; Luke Sitka; Robert E. Davis; David B. Knight; Stephen D. Gawtry; Michael L. Deaton; Temple R. Lee; Caroline P. Normile; Philip J. Stenger (International Journal of Climatology, 2010)
Synoptic‐scale air quality climatologies can often be categorized into trajectory methods based on air parcel movement or air mass approaches that are primarily dictated by thermal and moisture conditions. Here, we examine the relationship between these two essentially independent methods of synoptic‐scale climate classification: 72‐h Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model back‐trajectories and the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) of air masses for Martinsburg, West Virginia, located at the northern end of the Shenandoah Valley, from 1997 to 2006. Statistically significant differences exist between trajectory groups across the six SSC air mass types within each season and between seasons within each air mass type. Further examination of the trajectory distributions reveals a high degree of overlap between trajectories associated with different air mass types. In some cases, up to 50% of one air mass's trajectories are statistically closer to the trajectories of a different air mass type. Accordingly, air mass alone cannot be used to identify specific source regions of pollutants. This suggests that, while an air mass classification system can be used to identify general flow patterns, the integration of both thermodynamic and air‐flow variables in a synoptic classification should provide information that is not discernible from either method independently. The inclusion of both back‐trajectory and air mass information represents the suite of environmental conditions that may enhance or suppress pollutant concentrations in the Shenandoah Valley better than using either measure independently. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Acacia senegal (L) Willd. in Kenya - Stephen F. Omondi; Eliud Kireger; Otto G. Dangasuk; Ben Chikamai; David W. Odee; Stephen Cavers; Damase P. Khasa (Tropical Plant Biology, 2010)

Characterizing variation in mycorrhiza effect among diverse plant varieties - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers; Mesfin N. Gebreselassie; David P. Janos; Uta Paszkowski (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2010)

Population synchrony of a native fish across three Laurentian Great Lakes: evaluating the effects of dispersal and climate - David B. Bunnell; Jean V. Adams; Owen T. Gorman; Charles P. Madenjian; Stephen C. Riley; Edward F. Roseman; Jeffrey S. Schaeffer (Oecologia, 2010)

Propafenone Poisoning—A Case Report with Plasma Propafenone Concentrations - Hanna Ovaska; Andrew Ludman; Edgar P. Spencer; David M. Wood; Alison L. Jones; Paul I. Dargan (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2010)

Community genetics. Its definition 2010 - Leo P. ten Kate; Lihadh Al-Gazali; Sonia Anand; Alan Bittles; Jean-Jacques Cassiman; Arnold Christianson; Martina C. Cornel; Hanan Hamamy; Helena Kääriäinen; Ulf Kristoffersson; David Marais; Victor B. Penchaszadeh; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2010)

Gating of vibrotactile detection during visually guided bimanual reaches - Gavin Buckingham; David P. Carey; Francisco L. Colino; John deGrosbois; Gordon Binsted (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Effects of DBS on precision grip abnormalities in essential tremor - Tristan M. Stani; Kim J. Burchiel; Melanie J. Hart; David P. Lenar; Valerie C. Anderson (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Voluntary activation of the ankle plantar flexors following whole-body vibration - Michael J. Pellegrini; Noel D. Lythgo; David L. Morgan; Mary P. Galea (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Phytoplankton Patterns in Massachusetts Bay—1992–2007 - Carlton D. Hunt; David G. Borkman; P. Scott Libby; Richard Lacouture; Jefferson T. Turner; Michael J. Mickelson (Estuaries and Coasts, 2010)

Effects of nutritional status on metabolic rate, exercise and recovery in a freshwater fish - Andrew James Gingerich; David P. Philipp; Cory D. Suski (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2010)

Effects of Morella faya tree invasion on aboveground carbon storage in Hawaii - Gregory P. Asner; Roberta E. Martin; David E. Knapp; Ty Kennedy-Bowdoin (Biological Invasions, 2010)

Using carbon isotope analysis of the diet of two introduced Australian megaherbivores to understand Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions - David M. J. S. Bowman; Brett P. Murphy; Clive R. McMahon (Journal of Biogeography, 2010)
Aim Australia lost a diverse assemblage of large marsupial herbivores in the late Pleistocene, with suggestions that the extinctions were biased towards browsers. In modern times two bovines, the Asian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) and banteng ( Bos javanicus ), have established feral populations in the Northern Territory, Australia. Buffalo have aggressively expanded throughout the savanna landscape, yet banteng remain near their point of introduction on the Cobourg Peninsula. We hypothesized that this difference is related to feeding ecology, possibly reflecting a legacy of the Pleistocene extinctions. Location Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Methods Analysing a previously published dataset of body mass and feeding ecology of extinct and extant marsupial herbivores, we evaluated whether browsers were at greater risk of extinction than grazers. We compared the carbon isotope composition and nitrogen content of banteng and buffalo dung in order to evaluate the hypotheses that the differences in invasion success are related to feeding ecology, and that seasonal variation in browse consumption is linked to changing nutritional quality of grass. Results Controlling for body mass, the Pleistocene extinctions were clearly biased towards browsers. Introduced banteng appear to be primarily browsers, with their diets comprising 40% grass in the wet season and 15% in the late dry season. Buffalo have a more variable diet, with an increasing proportion of browse from the wet (30%) to the late dry season (75%), and can therefore be described as switching from grazer to browser. The decline of grass in the diet of both species appears to reflect the decline in the nutritional value of grass through the dry season, an inference supported by the negative relationship between δ 13 C values and the nitrogen content of dung. Main conclusions Banteng and buffalo are much larger than extant native herbivores, of which browsers are restricted to isolated rocky habitats. This suggests that banteng and buffalo have filled niches made vacant following the Pleistocene extinctions. The success of buffalo appears to be related to their greater dietary breadth, which enables them to graze and browse in eucalypt savannas, whilst the browsing banteng remain tethered to a mosaic of rain forest patches. The restriction of browsers may be a long‐range consequence of habitat transformations associated with Aboriginal landscape burning.

Range shifts and species diversity in marine ecosystem engineers: patterns and predictions for European sedimentary habitats - Sarah K. Berke; Andrew R. Mahon; Fernando P. Lima; Kenneth M. Halanych; David S. Wethey; Sarah A. Woodin (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2010)
Aim Ecosystem engineering polychaetes in the genus Diopatra are undergoing range shifts in western Europe. Here we: (1) assess the species diversity underlying these shifts; (2) link biogeographic patterns to sea surface temperature patterns; and (3) predict possible ecosystem‐level outcomes of Diopatra 's northward expansion. Location Western Europe. Methods We use molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence to assess species diversity and biogeographic ranges. Using regression tree analyses, we assess thermal limits for two Diopatra species. We compare biogeographic patterns with historical sea surface temperature patterns to draw links between range shifts and climate change. Finally, we review published data to predict potential ecological changes as Diopatra invades new habitats. Results The native Diopatra neapolitana range has contracted 130 km to the south. A cryptogenic species, Diopatra sp. A, has extended the northern limit of the genus 350 km to the southern Brittany Peninsula. Both shifts can be explained by historical sea surface temperature anomalies. The Diopatra sp. A expansion is predicted to continue into the English Channel and the North Sea, introducing large tube structures to sheltered sedimentary habitats that currently lack such structures. Main conclusions As climate change intensifies, the sediment‐stabilizing Diopatra sp. A will invade habitats dominated by the bioturbating lugworm Arenicola marina . The resulting interaction between functionally different ecosystem engineers will probably cause ecological changes in northern European coastal waters. Existing data for Diopatra species and arenicolids suggest that the diversity and biomass of macroalgae, vascular plants, infauna and epibenthic fauna may increase, while microbial activity may decrease. Net changes in productivity will depend on the relative rates of these changes.

Implementing poultry vaccination and biosecurity at the village level in Tanzania: a social strategy to promote health in free-range poultry populations - Peter L. M. Msoffe; David Bunn; A. P. Muhairwa; M. M. A. Mtambo; H. Mwamhehe; A. Msago; M. R. S. Mlozi; Carol J. Cardona (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010)

A multidisciplinary study of archaeological grape seeds - Enrico Cappellini; M. Thomas P. Gilbert; Filippo Geuna; Girolamo Fiorentino; Allan Hall; Jane Thomas-Oates; Peter D. Ashton; David A. Ashford; Paul Arthur; Paula F. Campos; Johan Kool; Eske Willerslev; et al. (The Science of Nature, 2010)

Enzymatic properties of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Evidence for hydroxylamine as a late intermediate in ammonia production - Masakazu Hirasawa; Jatindra N. Tripathy; Frederik Sommer; Ramasamy Somasundaram; Jung-Sung Chung; Matthew Nestander; Mahima Kruthiventi; Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam; Michael K. Johnson; Sabeeha S. Merchant; James P. Allen; David B. Knaff (Photosynthesis Research, 2010)

Interactions of multiple predators with different foraging modes in an aquatic food web - Michael P. Carey; David H. Wahl (Oecologia, 2010)

Common CFTR gene variants influence body composition and survival in rural Ghana - Maris Kuningas; David van Bodegom; Linda May; Johannes J. Meij; P. Eline Slagboom; Rudi G. J. Westendorp (Human Genetics, 2010)

Fine-scale genetic structure in Ethiopian wolves imposed by sociality, migration, and population bottlenecks - Deborah A. Randall; John P. Pollinger; Kifle Argaw; David W. Macdonald; Robert K. Wayne (Conservation Genetics, 2010)

Impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events on China’s rice production - Xiangzheng Deng; Jikun Huang; Fangbin Qiao; Rosamond L. Naylor; Walter P. Falcon; Marshall Burke; Scott Rozelle; David Battisti (Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2010)

A method for detecting false bifurcations in dynamical systems: application to neural-field models - Serafim Rodrigues; David Barton; Frank Marten; Moses Kibuuka; Gonzalo Alarcon; Mark P. Richardson; John R. Terry (Biological Cybernetics, 2010)

Potato Cultivars Differ in Current Season Potato Virus Y (PVY) Infection - P. B. Hamm; D. C. Hane; M. J. Pavek; L. D. Leroux; S. L. Gieck; N. L. David (American Journal of Potato Research, 2010)

Longer growing seasons lead to less carbon sequestration by a subalpine forest - JIA HU; DAVID J. P. MOORE; SEAN P. BURNS; RUSSELL K. MONSON (Global Change Biology, 2010)
As global temperatures increase, the potential for longer growing seasons to enhance the terrestrial carbon sink has been proposed as a mechanism to reduce the rate of further warming. At the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site, a subalpine forest in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, we used a 9‐year record (1999–2007) of continuous eddy flux observations to show that longer growing season length (GSL) actually resulted in less annual CO 2 uptake. Years with a longer GSL were correlated with a shallower snow pack, as measured using snow water equivalent (SWE). Furthermore, years with a lower SWE correlated with an earlier start of spring. For three years, 2005, 2006, and 2007, we used observations of stable hydrogen isotopes ( δ D) of snow vs. rain, and extracted xylem water from the three dominant tree species, lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce, and subalpine fir, to show that the trees relied heavily on snow melt water even late into the growing season. By mid‐August, 57% to 68% of xylem water reflected the isotopic signature of snow melt. By coupling the isotopic water measurements with an ecosystem model, SIPNET, we found that annual forest carbon uptake was highly dependent on snow water, which decreases in abundance during years with longer growing seasons. Once again, for the 3 years 2005, 2006, and 2007, annual gross primary productivity, which was derived as an optimized parameter from the SIPNET model was estimated to be 67% 77%, and 71% dependent on snow melt water, respectively. Past studies have shown that the mean winter snow pack in mountain ecosystems of the Western US has been declining for decades and is correlated with positive winter temperature anomalies. Since climate change models predict continuation of winter warming and reduced snow in mountains of the Western US, the strength of the forest carbon sink is likely to decline further.

Neglect of Genetic Diversity in Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity - LINDA LAIKRE; FRED W. ALLENDORF; LAUREL C. ARONER; C. SCOTT BAKER; DAVID P. GREGOVICH; MICHAEL M. HANSEN; JENNIFER A. JACKSON; KATHERINE C. KENDALL; KEVIN McKELVEY; MAILE C. NEEL; ISABELLE OLIVIERI; NILS RYMAN; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2010)

Contribution of Seafood to Total Vitamin B12 Intake and Status of Young Adult Men and Women - Kristina M. von Castel-Roberts; Amanda R. Whittmann; David R. Maneval; Lynn B. Bailey; Gail P. A. Kauwell (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2010)

Colchicinoids from Colchicum crocifolium Boiss. (Colchicaceae) - Feras Q. Alali; Ahmad A. Gharaibeh; Abdullah Ghawanmeh; Khaled Tawaha; Amjad Qandil; Jason P. Burgess; Arlene Sy; Yuka Nakanishi; David J. Kroll; Nicholas H. Oberlies (Natural Product Research, 2010)

Increased amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, sensitization, and accumbal dopamine release in M5 muscarinic receptor knockout mice - Lene S. Schmidt; Anthony D. Miller; Deranda B. Lester; Cecilie Bay-Richter; Christina Schülein; Henriette Frikke-Schmidt; Jürgen Wess; Charles D. Blaha; David P. D. Woldbye; Anders Fink-Jensen; Gitta Wortwein (Psychopharmacology, 2010)

Expression and Localization of PRiMA-Linked Globular Form Acetylcholinesterase in Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junctions - Karl W. K. Tsim; K. Wing Leung; Ka Wai Mok; Vicky P. Chen; Kevin Y. Zhu; Judy T. T. Zhu; Ava J. Y. Guo; Cathy W. C. Bi; Ken Y. Z. Zheng; David T. W. Lau; Heidi Q. Xie; Roy C. Y. Choi (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2010)

Novel quantitative trait loci for central corneal thickness identified by candidate gene analysis of osteogenesis imperfecta genes - David P. Dimasi; Jern Y. Chen; Alex W. Hewitt; Sonja Klebe; Richard Davey; John Stirling; Elizabeth Thompson; Robin Forbes; Tiong Y. Tan; Ravi Savarirayan; David A. Mackey; Paul R. Healey; et al. (Human Genetics, 2010)

A rigorous model of reflex function indicates that position and force feedback are flexibly tuned to position and force tasks - Winfred Mugge; David A. Abbink; Alfred C. Schouten; Julius P. A. Dewald; Frans C. T. van der Helm (Experimental Brain Research, 2010)

Diastolic function in healthy humans: non-invasive assessment and the impact of acute and chronic exercise - Keith P. George; Louise H. Naylor; Greg P. Whyte; Rob E. Shave; David Oxborough; Daniel J. Green (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010)

Gene expression profiling of primary and metastatic colon cancers identifies a reduced proliferative rate in metastatic tumors - Ganepola A. P. Ganepola; Robert M. Mazziotta; Dilendra Weeresinghe; Georgia A. Corner; Cheryl J. Parish; David H. Chang; Niall C. Tebbutt; Carmel Murone; Naseem Ahmed; Leonard H. Augenlicht; John M. Mariadason (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2010)

Potential impact of grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis on woodland bird populations in England - Stuart E. Newson; David I. Leech; Chris M. Hewson; Humphrey Q. P. Crick; Phil V. Grice (Journal of Ornithology, 2010)

Exposure to preindustrial, current and future atmospheric CO 2 and temperature differentially affects growth and photosynthesis in Eucalyptus - OULA GHANNOUM; NATHAN G. PHILLIPS; JANN P. CONROY; RENEE A. SMITH; RENEE D. ATTARD; ROSLYN WOODFIELD; BARRY A. LOGAN; JAMES D. LEWIS; DAVID T. TISSUE (Global Change Biology, 2010)
To investigate if Eucalyptus species have responded to industrial‐age climate change, and how they may respond to a future climate, we measured growth and physiology of fast‐ ( E. saligna ) and slow‐growing ( E. sideroxylon ) seedlings exposed to preindustrial (290), current (400) or projected (650 μL L −1 ) CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) and to current or projected (current +4 °C) temperature. To evaluate maximum potential treatment responses, plants were grown with nonlimiting soil moisture. We found that: (1) E. sideroxylon responded more strongly to elevated [CO 2 ] than to elevated temperature, while E. saligna responded similarly to elevated [CO 2 ] and elevated temperature; (2) the transition from preindustrial to current [CO 2 ] did not enhance eucalypt plant growth under ambient temperature, despite enhancing photosynthesis; (3) the transition from current to future [CO 2 ] stimulated both photosynthesis and growth of eucalypts, independent of temperature; and (4) warming enhanced eucalypt growth, independent of future [CO 2 ], despite not affecting photosynthesis. These results suggest large potential carbon sequestration by eucalypts in a future world, and highlight the need to evaluate how future water availability may affect such responses.

Microbial community dynamics in a seasonally anoxic fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia - Elena Zaikova; David A. Walsh; Claire P. Stilwell; William W. Mohn; Philippe D. Tortell; Steven J. Hallam (Environmental Microbiology, 2010)
Summary Dissolved oxygen concentration plays a major role in shaping biotic interactions and nutrient flows within marine ecosystems. Throughout the global ocean, regions of low dissolved oxygen concentration (hypoxia) are a common and expanding feature of the water column, with major feedback on productivity and greenhouse gas cycling. To better understand microbial diversity underlying biogeochemical transformations within oxygen‐deficient oceanic waters, we monitored and quantified bacterial and archaeal community dynamics in relation to dissolved gases and nutrients during a seasonal stratification and deep water renewal cycle in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, a seasonally anoxic fjord. A number of microbial groups partitioned within oxygen‐deficient waters including Nitrospina and SAR324 affiliated with the δ‐ proteobacteria , SAR406 and γ‐ proteobacteria related to thiotrophic gill symbionts of deep‐sea clams and mussels. Microbial diversity was highest within the hypoxic transition zone decreasing dramatically within anoxic basin waters and temporal patterns of niche partitioning were observed along defined gradients of oxygen and phosphate. These results provide a robust comparative phylogenetic framework for inferring systems metabolism of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycling within oxygen‐deficient oceanic waters and establish Saanich Inlet as a tractable model for studying the response of microbial communities to changing levels of water column hypoxia.

Multiple sightings of large groups of Arnoux's beaked whales (Berardius arnouxii) in the Gerlache Strait, Antarctica - Ari S. Friedlaender; Douglas P. Nowacek; David W. Johnston; Andrew J. Read; Reny B. Tyson; Lindsey Peavey; Eletta M. S. Revelli (Marine Mammal Science, 2009)

A retrospective evaluation of shortened-duration oral N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning - David P. Betten; Elizabeth E. Burner; Stephen C. Thomas; Christian Tomaszewski; Richard F. Clark (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2009)

Transitions to spike-wave oscillations and epileptic dynamics in a human cortico-thalamic mean-field model - Serafim Rodrigues; David Barton; Robert Szalai; Oscar Benjamin; Mark P. Richardson; John R. Terry (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2009)

Reduced TFAP2A function causes variable optic fissure closure and retinal defects and sensitizes eye development to mutations in other morphogenetic regulators - Gaia Gestri; Robert J. Osborne; Alexander W. Wyatt; Dianne Gerrelli; Susan Gribble; Helen Stewart; Alan Fryer; David J. Bunyan; Katrina Prescott; J. Richard O. Collin; Tomas Fitzgerald; David Robinson; et al. (Human Genetics, 2009)

Managing for Multiple Resources Under Climate Change: National Forests - Linda A. Joyce; Geoffrey M. Blate; Steven G. McNulty; Constance I. Millar; Susanne Moser; Ronald P. Neilson; David L. Peterson (Environmental Management, 2009)

Improved Quality Control Metrics for Cascade Impaction Measurements of Orally Inhaled Drug Products (OIPs) - Terrence P. Tougas; David Christopher; Jolyon P. Mitchell; Helen Strickland; Bruce Wyka; Mike Van Oort; Svetlana Lyapustina (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2009)

Mussel spat ropes provide passage for banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus ) in laboratory trials - Bruno O. David; Mark P. Hamer; Kevin J. Collier (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2009)
The use of mussel spat ropes to enable the passage of banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus ) past perched culverts was tested under laboratory conditions. A 0.5 m high simulated perched culvert was fitted with one of two UV stabilised polypropylene rope types: “Russet Loop” and “Super Xmas Tree”. Four randomised replicate trials using each rope type were conducted to test their respective abilities to provide passage for “fresh‐run” banded kokopu whitebait (migrating post‐larval juveniles). There was no statistical difference in performance between the two rope types, with both performing equally well over each 3 h trial. A high proportion of fish used the ropes to successfully negotiate the structure (mean >85% individuals per trial irrespective of rope type). The high rate of successful passage over a short time period suggests that these ropes may be an effective, affordable and potentially easy retrofit to perched culverts, particularly for native species with similar climbing capabilities to banded kokopu.

Lethal concentrations of suspended solids for common native fish species that are rare in New Zealand rivers with high suspended solids loads - David K. Rowe; Murray Hicks; Joshua P. Smith; Erica Williams (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2009)
Common native fish species that are rare in New Zealand rivers with high suspended solids (SS) concentrations were identified to determine which species were likely to be most affected by high SS concentrations. Mortality rates for the three most sensitive species (banded kokopu Galaxias fasciatus, redfin bully Gobiomorphus huttoni, common smelt Retropinna retropinnd ) were measured over a range of SS concentrations to identify lethal concentrations. The survival of banded kokopu and redfin bully was not reduced by SS concentrations up to 43 000 g m −3 ; however, the 24‐h survival of common smelt was reduced by SS concentrations over 1000 g m −3 , and its median lethal concentration (LC50) was close to 3000 g m −3 . SS concentrations over 3000 g m −3 for more than 24 h will therefore reduce smelt but not affect the mortality of most other common native fish species. Although mortality from high concentrations of SS can account for the scarcity of smelt in rivers with high SS concentrations, mortality from high SS does not explain the scarcity of banded kokopu or redfin bully in such rivers. High turbidity (>20 nephelometric turbidity units) is known to limit the upstream migration and recruitment of juvenile banded kokopu in rivers with increased SS concentrations. Banded kokopu is therefore affected by increased turbidity from SS rather than lethal SS concentrations. As redfin bully were not affected by either high turbidity levels or high SS concentrations, the low abundance of this species in rivers with high SS concentrations is likely to be related to the siltation of benthic habitats.

Spatial patterns of bacterial taxa in nature reflect ecological traits of deep branches of the 16S rRNA bacterial tree - Laurent Philippot; David Bru; Nicolas P. A. Saby; Jiří Čuhel; Dominique Arrouays; Miloslav Šimek; Sara Hallin (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Whether bacteria display spatial patterns of distribution and at which level of taxonomic organization such patterns can be observed are central questions in microbial ecology. Here we investigated how the total and relative abundances of eight bacterial taxa at the phylum or class level were spatially distributed in a pasture by using quantitative PCR and geostatistical modelling. The distributions of the relative abundance of most taxa varied by a factor of 2.5–6.5 and displayed strong spatial patterns at the field scale. These spatial patterns were taxon‐specific and correlated to soil properties, which indicates that members of a bacterial clade defined at high taxonomical levels shared specific ecological traits in the pasture. Ecologically meaningful assemblages of bacteria at the phylum or class level in the environment provides evidence that deep branching patterns of the 16S rRNA bacterial tree are actually mirrored in nature.

The evolution of intermediate castration virulence and ant coexistence in a spatially structured environment - András Szilágyi; István Scheuring; David P. Edwards; Jerome Orivel; Douglas W. Yu (Ecology Letters, 2009)
Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1306–1316 Abstract Theory suggests that spatial structuring should select for intermediate levels of virulence in parasites, but empirical tests are rare and have never been conducted with castration (sterilizing) parasites. To test this theory in a natural landscape, we construct a spatially explicit model of the symbiosis between the ant‐plant Cordia nodosa and its two, protecting ant symbionts, Allomerus and Azteca . Allomerus is also a castration parasite, preventing fruiting to increase colony fecundity. Limiting the dispersal of Allomerus and host plant selects for intermediate castration virulence. Increasing the frequency of the mutualist, Azteca , selects for higher castration virulence in Allomerus , because seeds from Azteca ‐inhabited plants are a public good that Allomerus exploits. These results are consistent with field observations and, to our knowledge, provide the first empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that spatial structure can reduce castration virulence and the first such evidence in a natural landscape for either mortality or castration virulence.

Vectors and Timing of Freshwater Invasions in Great Britain - REUBEN P. KELLER; PHILINE S. E. ZU ERMGASSEN; DAVID C. ALDRIDGE (Conservation Biology, 2009)
Nonindigenous freshwater species cause large ecological and economic impacts in Great Britain. In response the government is in the process of implementing a broad, new nonindigenous species strategy. We assembled a list of all nonindigenous freshwater species that are or were established in Great Britain, their date of first record, and their vector of introduction. This list provides a baseline against which the success of new policies can be assessed. Because the biota of Great Britain has been well recorded, our results provide a highly resolved case study of the vectors and drivers of species transport and establishment. A total of 117 nonindigenous freshwater species are currently established in Great Britain; a further 17 species were once established but are now extirpated. Between 1800 and 2000 the number of established species increased at an accelerating rate, and this increase correlated with the growth in human population and gross domestic product. The construction of large reservoirs in Great Britain occurred over a short period and overlapped high rates of new species establishment, indicating that habitat modification may have been an important driver of establishment. Nonindigenous species now account for 24% of fish, 12% of plant, 54% of amphibian, and 88% of decapod crustacean freshwater species richness in Great Britain. The ornamental trades have been responsible for the greatest percentages of intentionally (73%) and unintentionally (34%) introduced species that have become established. Shipping and aquaculture have also been strong vectors. These vectors should be prioritized for management within the new nonindigenous species strategy .

Paying the Extinction Debt in Southern Wisconsin Forest Understories - DAVID A. ROGERS; THOMAS P. ROONEY; TODD J. HAWBAKER; VOLKER C. RADELOFF; DONALD M. WALLER (Conservation Biology, 2009)
The lack of long‐term baseline data restricts the ability to measure changes in biological diversity directly and to determine its cause. This hampers conservation efforts and limits testing of basic tenets of ecology and conservation biology. We used a historical baseline survey to track shifts in the abundance and distribution of 296 native understory species across 82 sites over 55 years in the fragmented forests of southern Wisconsin. We resurveyed stands first surveyed in the early 1950s to evaluate the influence of patch size and surrounding land cover on shifts in native plant richness and heterogeneity and to evaluate changes in the relative importance of local site conditions versus the surrounding landscape context as drivers of community composition and structure. Larger forests and those with more surrounding forest cover lost fewer species, were more likely to recruit new species, and had lower rates of homogenization than smaller forests in more fragmented landscapes. Nearby urbanization further reduced both alpha and beta understory diversity. Similarly, understory composition depended strongly on local site conditions in the original survey but only weakly reflected the surrounding landscape composition. By 2005, however, the relative importance of these factors had reversed such that the surrounding landscape structure is now a much better predictor of understory composition than are local site conditions. Collectively, these results strongly support the idea that larger intact habitat patches and landscapes better sustain native species diversity and demonstrate that humans play an increasingly important role in driving patterns of native species diversity and community composition .

The Value of Rehabilitating Logged Rainforest for Birds - DAVID P. EDWARDS; FELICITY A. ANSELL; ABDUL H. AHMAD; REUBEN NILUS; KEITH C. HAMER (Conservation Biology, 2009)
The recent advent of carbon crediting has led to a rapid rise in biosequestration projects that seek to remove carbon from the atmosphere through afforestation and forest rehabilitation. Such projects also present an important potential opportunity to reverse biodiversity losses resulting from deforestation and forest degradation, but the biodiversity benefits of different forms of biosequestration have not been considered adequately. We captured birds in mist nets to examine the effects of rehabilitation of logged forest on birds in Sabah, Borneo, and to test the hypothesis that rehabilitation restores avian assemblages within regenerating forest to a condition closer to that seen in unlogged forest. Species richness and diversity were similar in unlogged and rehabilitated forest, but significantly lower in naturally regenerating forest. Rehabilitation resulted in a relatively rapid recovery of populations of insectivores within logged forest, especially those species that forage by sallying, but had a marked adverse effect on frugivores and possibly reduced the overall abundance of birds within regenerating forest. In view of these results, we advocate increased management for heterogeneity within rehabilitated forests, but we strongly urge an increased role for forest rehabilitation in the design and implementation of a biodiversity‐friendly carbon‐offsetting market.

An experimental evaluation of transgenerational isotope labelling in a coral reef grouper - David H. Williamson; Geoffrey P. Jones; Simon R. Thorrold (Marine Biology, 2009)

Monash at the academic industrial interface: trains and platforms - Alexander Ian Smith; Phillip R. Thompson; David P. Gearing (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2009)

An Overview of the Introns-First Theory - David Penny; Marc P. Hoeppner; Anthony M. Poole; Daniel C. Jeffares (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2009)

Oral cyclosporin A inhibits CD4 T cell P-glycoprotein activity in HIV-infected adults initiating treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Todd Hulgan; John P. Donahue; Laura Smeaton; Minya Pu; Hongying Wang; Michael M. Lederman; Kimberly Smith; Hernan Valdez; Christopher Pilcher; David W. Haas (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009)

Contrasting phenology and female cone characteristics of the two Macaronesian island endemic cedars (Juniperus cedrus and J. brevifolia) - Beatriz Rumeu; Manuel Nogales; Rui B. Elias; David P. Padilla; Tiago Resendes; Airam Rodríguez; Francisco Valdés; Eduardo Dias (European Journal of Forest Research, 2009)

Value of perfect ENSO phase predictions for agriculture: evaluating the impact of land tenure and decision objectives - David Letson; Carlos E. Laciana; Federico E. Bert; Elke U. Weber; Richard W. Katz; Xavier I. Gonzalez; Guillermo P. Podestá (Climatic Change, 2009)

Cell yields and fermentation responses of a Salmonella Typhimurium poultry isolate at different dilution rates in an anaerobic steady state continuous culture - Kingsley D. Dunkley; Todd R. Callaway; Corliss O’Bryan; Megan M. Kundinger; Claudia S. Dunkley; Robin C. Anderson; David J. Nisbet; P. G. Crandall; Steven C. Ricke (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2009)

Metagenomic potential of microbial assemblages in the surface waters of the central Pacific Ocean tracks variability in oceanic habitat - Ian Hewson; Ryan W. Paerl; H. James Tripp; Jonathan P. Zehr; David M. Karl (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
Oceanic habitats may select for different organisms, thereby tuning genomic capabilities to local environmental conditions. To understand the relationship between microbial assemblage composition, functional capability, and habitat, a random genome shotgun sequencing (metagenomic) survey was conducted with surface‐water microbial assemblages (0.2–5‐µm size fraction) collected at seven locations along a meridional transect from the northern edge of the South Pacific subtropical gyre to the southern edge of the North Pacific subtropical gyre (16°S–13.5°N). A total of 1.1 million unique sequence reads were obtained, of which ~45% could be annotated to metabolic category. Microbial assemblages in equatorial divergence and countercurrent habitats were distinct phylogenetically from those in gyre waters. Ecotypes of dominant Cyanobacteria ( Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ) had distinct distributions congruent with their physiological characteristics in cultivation. The metagenomic distribution of genes among metabolic pathways was very similar at all stations despite phylogenetic differences, but was unrelated to physicochemical habitat, suggesting that dominant microorganisms have a core suite of genes necessary for life in the open ocean. Among metabolic genes that varied across the transect, several patterns were observed. For example, phosphate (PO 4 3‐ ) stress response genes were more common in gyre waters than at the equator. The variability in frequency of several metabolic pathways (e.g., chlorophyll biosynthesis, PO 4 3‐ metabolism, and transcription initiation bacterial sigma factors) was related to physicochemical conditions, most of which were related to taxonomic differences among habitats. Microbial communities in the central Pacific Ocean are phylogenetically distinct to the oceanic provinces which they inhabit.

Testing species abundance models: a new bootstrap approach applied to Indo‐Pacific coral reefs - Sean R. Connolly; Maria Dornelas; David R. Bellwood; Terence P. Hughes (Ecology, 2009)
Patterns in the commonness and rarity of species are a fundamental characteristic of ecological assemblages; however, testing between alternative models for such patterns remains an important challenge. Conventional approaches to fitting or testing species abundance models often assume that species, not individuals, are the units that are sampled and that species' abundances are independent of one another. Here we test three different models (the Poisson lognormal, the negative binomial, and the neutral, “zero‐sum multinomial” [ZSM]) against species abundance distributions of Indo‐Pacific corals and reef fishes. We derive and apply several alternative bootstrap analyses of model fit, each of which makes different assumptions about how species abundance data are sampled, and we assess the extent to which tests of model fit are sensitive to such assumptions. For all models, goodness of fit is remarkably consistent, regardless of whether one assumes that species or individuals are the units that are sampled or whether or not one assumes that species' abundances are statistically independent of one another. However, goodness‐of‐fit estimates are approximately twice as precise and detect lack of model fit more frequently, when based on sampling of individuals, rather than species. Bootstrap analyses indicate that the Poisson lognormal distribution exhibits substantially better fit to species abundance patterns, consistent with model selection analyses. In particular, heterogeneity in species abundances (many rare and few highly abundant species) is too great to be captured by the ZSM model or the negative binomial model and is best explained by models that predict species abundance patterns that are much closer, but not identical, to the lognormal distribution. More broadly, our bootstrap analyses suggest that estimates of model fit are likely to be robust to assumptions about the statistical interdependence of species abundances, but that tests of model fit are more powerful when they assume sampling of individuals, rather than species. Such individual‐based tests therefore may be able to identify lack of model fit where previous tests have been inconclusive.

Effects of regular salt marsh haying on marsh plants, algae, invertebrates and birds at Plum Island Sound, Massachusetts - Robert N. Buchsbaum; Linda A. Deegan; Julie Horowitz; Robert H. Garritt; Anne E. Giblin; John P. Ludlam; David H. Shull (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2009)

Restoration of dredged canals in wetlands: a comparison of methods - Joseph J. Baustian; R. Eugene Turner; Nancy F. Walters; David P. Muth (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2009)

The roles of tolerance in the evolution, maintenance and breakdown of mutualism - David P. Edwards (The Science of Nature, 2009)

Fear-reducing effects of intra-amygdala neuropeptide Y infusion in animal models of conditioned fear: an NPY Y1 receptor independent effect - Markus Fendt; Hugo Bürki; Stefan Imobersteg; Kurt Lingenhöhl; Kevin H. McAllister; David Orain; Doncho P. Uzunov; Frederique Chaperon (Psychopharmacology, 2009)

Fur seals at Macquarie Island: post-sealing colonisation, trends in abundance and hybridisation of three species - Simon David Goldsworthy; Jane McKenzie; Brad Page; Melanie L. Lancaster; Peter D. Shaughnessy; Louise P. Wynen; Susan A. Robinson; Kristian J. Peters; Alastair M. M. Baylis; Rebecca R. McIntosh (Polar Biology, 2009)

Rapid effects of hypoxia on H+ homeostasis in articular chondrocytes - John S. Gibson; David McCartney; Joanna Sumpter; Thomas P. A. Fairfax; Peter I. Milner; Hannah L. Edwards; Robert J. Wilkins (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2009)

Accelerated decline in lung function in cigarette smokers is associated with TP53/MDM2 polymorphisms - Robert J. Hancox; Richie Poulton; David Welch; Nelly Olova; Christene R. McLachlan; Justina M. Greene; Malcolm R. Sears; Avshalom Caspi; Terrie E. Moffitt; Stephen P. Robertson; Antony W. Braithwaite (Human Genetics, 2009)

Wheatear molt and assignment tests: ongoing lessons in using stable isotopes to infer origins - Deborah A. Rocque; Merav Ben-David; Ronald P. Barry; Kevin Winker (Journal of Ornithology, 2009)

Nuclear architecture of resting and LPS-stimulated porcine neutrophils by 3D FISH - Martine Yerle-Bouissou; Florence Mompart; Eddie Iannuccelli; David Robelin; Alain Jauneau; Yvette Lahbib-Mansais; Chantal Delcros; Isabelle P. Oswald; Joël Gellin (Chromosome Research, 2009)

Seedling competition between native cottonwood and exotic saltcedar: implications for restoration - Joydeep Bhattacharjee; John P. Taylor; Loren M. Smith; David A. Haukos (Biological Invasions, 2009)

Endemism and evolution in the Coral Triangle: a call for clarity - David R. Bellwood; Christopher P. Meyer (Journal of Biogeography, 2009)
In a recent paper (Bellwood & Meyer, Journal of Biogeography , 2009, 36 , 569–576), we critically evaluated the utility of marine endemics for marking the geographical origins of species. In reply, Briggs (2009) identified two issues that needed clarification: (1) whether endemics are assumed to mark the geographical origins of species or areas of exceptionally high rates of origination, and (2) whether our evaluation of the role of endemics disproves the centre of origin hypothesis. Of these two issues, the first can be clearly resolved by recourse to the original literature that explicitly states that it has been assumed that endemics do indeed mark the probable sites of origin of species. The second is equally clear: our evidence does not and can not disprove the centre of origin theory. We suggest, however, that the current data, and endemics in particular, provide limited support for centre of origin theories and that they are more consistent with some centre of accumulation theories. The Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA; Coral Triangle) therefore appears to be an area where species persist, a centre of survival, regardless of the site of origin of species.

Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982–2006 - MICHAEL A. WHITE; KIRSTEN M. De BEURS; KAMEL DIDAN; DAVID W. INOUYE; ANDREW D. RICHARDSON; OLAF P. JENSEN; JOHN O'KEEFE; GONG ZHANG; RAMAKRISHNA R. NEMANI; WILLEM J. D. Van LEEUWEN; JESSLYN F. BROWN; ALLARD De WIT; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long‐term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start‐of‐spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8 km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16 000 individual measurements of ground‐based phenology, and two temperature‐driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day‐of‐year estimates by ±60 days and in standard deviation by ±20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground‐ or model‐based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring.

Nodulation of Sesbania species by Rhizobium ( Agrobacterium ) strain IRBG74 and other rhizobia - Stephen P. Cummings; Prasad Gyaneshwar; Pablo Vinuesa; Frank T. Farruggia; Mitchell Andrews; David Humphry; Geoffrey N. Elliott; Andrew Nelson; Caroline Orr; Deborah Pettitt; Gopit R. Shah; Scott R. Santos; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary Concatenated sequence analysis with 16S rRNA, rpoB and fusA genes identified a bacterial strain (IRBG74) isolated from root nodules of the aquatic legume Sesbania cannabina as a close relative of the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens ). However, DNA:DNA hybridization with R. radiobacter , R. rubi , R. vitis and R. huautlense gave only 44%, 5%, 8% and 8% similarity respectively, suggesting that IRBG74 is potentially a new species. Additionally, it contained no vir genes and lacked tumour‐forming ability, but harboured a sym ‐plasmid containing nifH and nodA genes similar to those in other Sesbania symbionts. Indeed, IRBG74 effectively nodulated S. cannabina and seven other Sesbania spp. that nodulate with Ensifer ( Sinorhizobium )/ Rhizobium strains with similar nodA genes to IRBG74, but not species that nodulate with Azorhizobium or Mesorhizobium . Light and electron microscopy revealed that IRBG74 infected Sesbania spp. via lateral root junctions under flooded conditions, but via root hairs under non‐flooded conditions. Thus, IRBG74 is the first confirmed legume‐nodulating symbiont from the Rhizobium ( Agrobacterium ) clade. Cross‐inoculation studies with various Sesbania symbionts showed that S. cannabina could form fully effective symbioses with strains in the genera Rhizobium and Ensifer , only ineffective ones with Azorhizobium strains, and either partially effective ( Mesorhizobium huakii ) or ineffective ( Mesorhizobium plurifarium ) symbioses with Mesorhizobium . These data are discussed in terms of the molecular phylogeny of Sesbania and its symbionts.

Spike Train Analysis Toolkit: Enabling Wider Application of Information-Theoretic Techniques to Neurophysiology - David H. Goldberg; Jonathan D. Victor; Esther P. Gardner; Daniel Gardner (Neuroinformatics, 2009)

Green Crab Larval Retention in Willapa Bay, Washington: An Intensive Lagrangian Modeling Approach - Neil S. Banas; P. Sean McDonald; David A. Armstrong (Estuaries and Coasts, 2009)

Linking stream and landscape trajectories in the southern Appalachians - Edward P. Gardiner; Andrew B. Sutherland; Rebecca J. Bixby; Mark C. Scott; Judy L. Meyer; Gene S. Helfman; E. Fred Benfield; Cathy M. Pringle; Paul V. Bolstad; David N. Wear (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009)

Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy: ushering in a new age of enlightenment for cellular dynamics - David M. Jameson; Justin A. Ross; Joseph P. Albanesi (Biophysical Reviews, 2009)

Ecological, landscape, and climatic regulation of sediment geochemistry in North American sockeye salmon nursery lakes: Insights for paleoecological salmon investigations - Daniel T. Selbie; Bruce P. Finney; David Barto; Lynda Bunting; Guangjie Chen; Peter R. Leavitt; Erland A. MacIsaac; Daniel E. Schindler; Mark D. Shapley; Irene Gregory-Eavesa (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
We used multiple linear regressions across a Northeast Pacific region 56‐lake set to examine the influence of sockeye salmon spawner densities and limnological, climatic, and watershed characteristics on sediment stable nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) and C:N signatures, geochemical proxies used in paleolimnological reconstructions of prehistoric salmon abundances. Across all sites (n = 56), sedimentary C:N was primarily related to variables reflecting allochthonous organic matter and nutrient fluxes, with 67= of the variance explained by watershed vegetation type, watershed area, mean slope, and salmon spawner densities. In a subset of sites with nutrient data (n = 41), 63= of variance in C:N was explained by precipitation and watershed vegetation type. Sediment δ 15 N was most strongly related to salmon spawner densities, but C:N and watershed area : lake area ratios explained significant residual variance (total 55=). In sites with nutrient data, salmon spawner densities, vegetation type, and spring nitrate explained 62= of the variance in d15N. Sediment C:N and δ 15 N values exhibited distinct interregional variation, typically varying inversely. Regional d15N‐salmon density relationships (regression slopes) varied strongly with total annual precipitation (r 2 = 0.89, p = 0.016, n = 5), suggesting watershed organic matter and nutrient loading vary predictably in relation to regional biogeoclimatic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that paleolimnological analyses are useful for quantitative reconstruction of past salmon densities; however, inferences regarding past salmon populations must consider the factors regulating influxes of nitrogen from watershed sources.

Contribution of mobile genetic elements to Desulfovibrio vulgaris genome plasticity - Christopher B. Walker; Sergey Stolyar; Dylan Chivian; Nicolas Pinel; Jeffrey A. Gabster; Paramvir S. Dehal; Zhili He; Zamin Koo Yang; Huei‐Che B. Yen; Jizhong Zhou; Judy D. Wall; Terry C. Hazen; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2009)
Summary The genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain DePue, a sulfate‐reducing Deltaproteobacterium isolated from heavy metal‐impacted lake sediment, was completely sequenced and compared with the type strain D. vulgaris Hildenborough. The two genomes share a high degree of relatedness and synteny, but harbour distinct prophage and signatures of past phage encounters. In addition to a highly variable phage contribution, the genome of strain DePue contains a cluster of open‐reading frames not found in strain Hildenborough coding for the production and export of a capsule exopolysaccharide, possibly of relevance to heavy metal resistance. Comparative whole‐genome microarray analysis on four additional D. vulgaris strains established greater interstrain variation within regions associated with phage insertion and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

PanTHERIA: a species‐level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals - Kate E. Jones; Jon Bielby; Marcel Cardillo; Susanne A. Fritz; Justin O'Dell; C. David L. Orme; Kamran Safi; Wes Sechrest; Elizabeth H. Boakes; Chris Carbone; Christina Connolly; Michael J. Cutts; et al. (Ecology, 2009)
Analyses of life‐history, ecological, and geographic trait differences among species, their causes, correlates, and likely consequences are increasingly important for understanding and conserving biodiversity in the face of rapid global change. Assembling multispecies trait data from diverse literature sources into a single comprehensive data set requires detailed consideration of methods to reliably compile data for particular species, and to derive single estimates from multiple sources based on different techniques and definitions. Here we describe PanTHERIA, a species‐level data set compiled for analysis of life history, ecology, and geography of all known extant and recently extinct mammals. PanTHERIA is derived from a database capable of holding multiple geo‐referenced values for variables within a species containing 100 740 lines of biological data for extant and recently extinct mammalian species, collected over a period of three years by 20 individuals. PanTHERIA also includes spatial databases of mammalian geographic ranges and global climatic and anthropogenic variables. Here we detail how the data fields are extracted and defined for PanTHERIA using a customized data input format (MammalForm); how data were collected from the literature, species names and sources tracked, error‐checking and validation procedures applied, and how data were consolidated into species‐level values for each variable. Tables of the consolidated species‐level values are made available for each of two recent species‐level taxonomic classifications of mammals, as well as associated taxonomic synonymy conversion and data‐input files. This study provides a useful guide to prospective researchers on how to structure and codify life‐history, ecological, geographic, and taxonomic data and methods to extract meaningful species‐level traits. It also provides comprehensive information on traits like size, diet, environmental conditions, and ecology to permit macroecological and macroevolutionary analyses of this important clade. The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈 http://esapubs.org/archive 〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)

Relationships among monsoon-season circulation patterns, gulf surges, and rainfall within the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA - Jeremy E. Diem; David P. Brown (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2009)

Home range and habitat selection of an insular fallow deer (Dama dama L.) population on Little St. Simons Island, Georgia, USA - Brian W. Morse; Nathan P. Nibbelink; David A. Osborn; Karl V. Miller (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2009)

Sensory Imbalance as Mechanism of Orientation Disruption in the Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella: Elucidation by Multivariate Geometric Designs and Response Surface Models - Stephen L. Lapointe; Lukasz L. Stelinski; Terence J. Evens; Randall P. Niedz; David G. Hall; Agenor Mafra-Neto (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009)

Direct and indirect effects of rats: does rat eradication restore ecosystem functioning of New Zealand seabird islands? - Christa P. H. Mulder; M. Nicole Grant-Hoffman; David R. Towns; Peter J. Bellingham; David A. Wardle; Melody S. Durrett; Tadashi Fukami; Karen I. Bonner (Biological Invasions, 2009)

Co-localization of hyperphosphorylated tau and caspases in the brainstem of Alzheimer’s disease patients - Maria Sen Mun Wai; Yong Liang; Chun Shi; Eric Y. P. Cho; Hsiang-fu Kung; David T. Yew (Biogerontology, 2009)

Population genetic analysis reveals a long‐term decline of a threatened endemic Australian marsupial - BIRGITA D. HANSEN; DANIEL K. P. HARLEY; DAVID B. LINDENMAYER; ANDREA C. TAYLOR (Molecular Ecology, 2009)
Since European colonization, Leadbeater’s possum ( Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ) has declined across its range to the point where it is now only patchily distributed within the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The loss of large hollow‐bearing trees coupled with inadequate recruitment of mature ash forest has been predicted to result in a reduction in population size of up to 90% by 2020. Furthermore, bioclimatic analyses have suggested additional reductions in the species’ distribution under a variety of climate change scenarios. Using a panel of 15 highly resolving microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control region sequence data, we infer past and present gene flow. Populations in the northern part of the core range were highly admixed, and showed no signs of either current or historical barriers to gene flow. A marginal, isolated and inbred population at Yellingbo was highly genetically differentiated, both in terms of current and historic genetic structure. Sequence data confirmed the conclusions from earlier genetic simulation studies that the Yellingbo population has been isolated from the rest of the species range since before European‐induced changes to the montane landscape, and formed part of a larger genetic unit that is now otherwise extinct. Historic loss of maternal lineages in the Central Highlands of Victoria was detected despite signals of immigration, indicating population declines that most probably coincided with changes in climate at the end of the Pleistocene. Given ongoing habitat loss and the recent (February 2009) wildfire in the Central Highlands, we forecast (potentially extensive) demographic declines, in line with predicted range reductions under climate change scenarios.

Compaction and Failure in High Porosity Carbonates: Mechanical Data and Microstructural Observations - P. Baud; S. Vinciguerra; C. David; A. Cavallo; E. Walker; T. Reuschlé (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2009)

TMS disruption of V5/MT+ indicates a role for the dorsal stream in word recognition - Robin Laycock; David P. Crewther; Paul B. Fitzgerald; Sheila G. Crewther (Experimental Brain Research, 2009)