Validation of geostationary environment monitoring spectrometer (GEMS), TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS) using pandora measurements during GEMS Map of Air Pollution (GMAP) field campaign - Kanghyun Baek; Juseon Bak; Jae Hwan Kim; Sang Seo Park; David P. Haffner; Wonjin Lee (Atmospheric Environment, 2024)

Root exudates induced coupled carbon and phosphorus cycling in a soil with low phosphorus availability - Sunendra R. Joshi; Malak M. Tfaily; Robert P. Young; David H. McNear (Plant and Soil, 2024)

Methane emissions from animal agriculture: Micrometeorological solutions for challenging measurement situations - Johannes Laubach; Thomas K. Flesch; Christof Ammann; Mei Bai; Zhiling Gao; Lutz Merbold; David I. Campbell; Jordan P. Goodrich; Scott L. Graham; John E. Hunt; Aaron M. Wall; Louis A. Schipper (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Evidence of sociality and group foraging in Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) - Jenny A. Allen; David E. Cade; Caroline B. Casey; Sarah Weindorf; David W. Johnston; Jacob M.J. Linsky; Jeremy A. Goldbogen; Doug P. Nowacek; Ari S. Friedlaender (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2024)

Multiple biotic interactions establish phytoplankton community structure across environmental gradients - Stephanie Dutkiewicz; Christopher L. Follett; Michael J. Follows; Fernanda Henderikx‐Freitas; Francois Ribalet; Mary R. Gradoville; Sacha N. Coesel; Hanna Farnelid; Zoe V. Finkel; Andrew J. Irwin; Oliver Jahn; David M. Karl; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
The combination of taxa and size classes of phytoplankton that coexist at any location affects the structure of the marine food web and the magnitude of carbon fluxes to the deep ocean. But what controls the patterns of this community structure across environmental gradients remains unclear. Here, we focus on the North East Pacific Transition Zone, a ~ 10° region of latitude straddling warm, nutrient‐poor subtropical and cold, nutrient‐rich subpolar gyres. Data from three cruises to the region revealed intricate patterns of phytoplankton community structure: poleward increases in the number of cell size classes; increasing biomass of picoeukaryotes and diatoms; decreases in diazotrophs and Prochlorococcus ; and both increases and decreases in Synechococcus . These patterns can only be partially explained by existing theories. Using data, theory, and numerical simulations, we show that the patterns of plankton distributions across the transition zone are the result of gradients in nutrient supply rates, which control a range of complex biotic interactions. We examine how interactions such as size‐specific grazing, multiple trophic strategies, shared grazing between several phytoplankton size classes and heterotrophic bacteria, and competition for multiple resources can individually explain aspects of the observed community structure. However, it is the combination of all these interactions together that is needed to explain the bulk compositional patterns in phytoplankton across the North East Pacific Transition Zone. The synthesis of multiple mechanisms is essential for us to begin to understand the shaping of community structure over large environmental gradients.

Mitogenomic evidence of population differentiation of thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata , in the North Atlantic - John S. S. Denton; Jeff Kneebone; Lei Yang; Arve Lynghammar; David McElroy; Shannon Corrigan; Klara Jakobsdóttir; Carolyn Miri; Mark Simpson; Gavin J. P. Naylor (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
Management of thorny skate ( Amblyraja radiata ) in the Northwest Atlantic has posed a conservation dilemma for several decades due to the species' lack of response to strong conservation efforts in the US Gulf of Maine and the Canadian Scotian Shelf, confusion over the relationship between two reproductive size morphs of differing life histories that are sympatric in the Northwest Atlantic, and conflicting data on regional population connectivity throughout the species' broader range. To better assess potential A. radiata regional population differentiation and genetic links to life‐history variation, we analysed complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 527 specimens collected across the species' North Atlantic geographic range, with particular emphasis on the Northwest Atlantic region. A high level of genetic diversity was evident across the North Atlantic, but significant genetic differentiation was identified between specimens inhabiting the Northwest (Gulf of Maine and Newfoundland) and Northeast (Greenland, Iceland, North Sea, and Arctic Circle) Atlantic. In the Northwest Atlantic, significant differentiation between the Gulf of Maine and Newfoundland regions was revealed; however, the overall level of differentiation was very low. No genetic difference was identified between the large and small reproductive morphs. The results of this study advance our understanding of A. radiata population structure in the North Atlantic but do not resolve all the questions confounding our understanding of the species' biology and evolutionary history.

Unearthing the soil‐borne microbiome of land plants - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso; David J. Eldridge; Miguel Berdugo; Pankaj Trivedi; Blessing Sokoya; Concha Cano‐Díaz; Sebastian Abades; Fernando Alfaro; Adebola R. Bamigboye; Felipe Bastida; José L. Blanco‐Pastor; Asunción de los Rios; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Plant–soil biodiversity interactions are fundamental for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, the existence of a set of globally distributed topsoil microbial and small invertebrate organisms consistently associated with land plants (i.e., their consistent soil‐borne microbiome), together with the environmental preferences and functional capabilities of these organisms, remains unknown. We conducted a standardized field survey under 150 species of land plants, including 58 species of bryophytes and 92 of vascular plants, across 124 locations from all continents. We found that, despite the immense biodiversity of soil organisms, the land plants evaluated only shared a small fraction (less than 1%) of all microbial and invertebrate taxa that were present across contrasting climatic and soil conditions and vegetation types. These consistent taxa were dominated by generalist decomposers and phagotrophs and their presence was positively correlated with the abundance of functional genes linked to mineralization. Finally, we showed that crossing environmental thresholds in aridity (aridity index of 0.65, i.e., the transition from mesic to dry ecosystems), soil pH (5.5; i.e., the transition from acidic to strongly acidic soils), and carbon (less than 2%, the lower limit of fertile soils) can result in drastic disruptions in the associations between land plants and soil organisms, with potential implications for the delivery of soil ecosystem processes under ongoing global environmental change.

An updated model of potential habitat for northern stock Pacific Sardine ( Sardinops sagax ) and its use for attributing survey observations and fishery landings - Juan P. Zwolinski; David A. Demer (Fisheries Oceanography, 2024)
Three years after the 2015 collapse of the northern stock of Pacific Sardine that is predominantly located off the west coast of the United States, acoustic‐trawl (A‐T) surveys documented an increase in the presence and persistence of the southern stock off coastal Southern California. Then in 2020, the biomass of Sardine that was landed in Mexico and attributed to the northern stock exceeded the estimated biomass for the entire northern stock. To investigate if the landings were incorrectly classified, we revisit a model of northern‐stock potential habitat and the associated range of sea‐surface temperature ( SST ) used to apportion the A‐T survey data and monthly fishery landings to the two stocks, respectively. We update the probabilistic model of potential habitat with data on sardine‐egg presence and absence and concomitant satellite‐sensed SST and chlorophyll‐ a concentration through 2019 and apply the new model to more accurately attribute the A‐T observations and fishery landings data to the northern or southern stock. The addition of recent data, with increased coverage in SST s between 15°C and 17°C, improves the model accuracy and spatial precision of the stock attribution. The attribution accuracy is critically dependent on the temporal and spatial coincidence of the environmental and survey or landings data and should be corroborated with other characteristics indicative of biological isolation such as spatial separation, distinct spawning areas and seasons, and uncorrelated demographics.

Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass‐loss rate and stabilization - Judith M. Sarneel; Mariet M. Hefting; Taru Sandén; Johan van den Hoogen; Devin Routh; Bhupendra S. Adhikari; Juha M. Alatalo; Alla Aleksanyan; Inge H. J. Althuizen; Mohammed H. S. A. Alsafran; Jeff W. Atkins; Laurent Augusto; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large‐scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization factors of plant‐derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy‐to‐degrade components accumulate during early‐stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass‐loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early‐stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.

Surface factors controlling the volume of accumulated Labrador Sea Water - Yavor Kostov; Marie-José Messias; Herlé Mercier; David P. Marshall; Helen L. Johnson (Ocean Science, 2024)
We explore historical variability in the volume of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) using ECCO, an ocean state estimate configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The model's adjoint, a linearization of the MITgcm, is set up to output the lagged sensitivity of the water mass volume to surface boundary conditions. This allows us to reconstruct the evolution of LSW volume over recent decades using historical surface wind stress, heat, and freshwater fluxes. Each of these boundary conditions contributes significantly to the LSW variability that we recover, but these impacts are associated with different geographical fingerprints and arise over a range of time lags. We show that the volume of LSW accumulated in the Labrador Sea exhibits a delayed response to surface wind stress and buoyancy forcing outside the convective interior of the Labrador Sea at important locations in the North Atlantic Ocean. In particular, patterns of wind and surface density anomalies can act as a “traffic controller” and regulate the North Atlantic Current's (NAC's) transport of warm and saline subtropical water masses that are precursors for the formation of LSW. This propensity for a delayed response of LSW to remote forcing allows us to predict a limited yet substantial and significant fraction of LSW variability at least 1 year into the future. Our analysis also enables us to attribute LSW variability to different boundary conditions and to gain insight into the major mechanisms that contribute to volume anomalies in this deep water mass. We point out the important role of key processes that promote the formation of LSW in both the Irminger and Labrador seas: buoyancy loss and preconditioning along the NAC pathway and in the Iceland Basin, the Irminger Sea, and the Nordic Seas.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

The Potential of AI and ChatGPT in Improving Agricultural Injury and Illness Surveillance Programming and Dissemination - Bryan P. Weichelt; Matthew Pilz; Richard Burke; David Puthoff; Kang Namkoong (Journal of Agromedicine, 2024)

The genus Quercus (Fagaceae) in South Africa: Introduction history, current status, and invasion ecology - Christiaan P. Gildenhuys; Luke J. Potgieter; David M. Richardson (South African Journal of Botany, 2024)

Development of an in-situ shaker for evaluating railway earthworks - Pengju Lyu; Qiang Luo; Guishuai Feng; David P. Connolly; Kaiwen Liu; Tengfei Wang (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024)

A brief note on substantial sub-daily arsenic variability in pumping drinking-water wells in New Hampshire - Paul M. Bradley; Emily C. Hicks; Joseph P. Levitt; David C. Lloyd; Mhairi M. McDonald; Kristin M. Romanok; Kelly L. Smalling; Joseph D. Ayotte (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Pathological findings and patterns of feline infectious peritonitis in the respiratory tract of cats - Mônica Slaviero; Fernanda G. Cony; Rodrygo C. da Silva; Cíntia De Lorenzo; Bruno A. de Almeida; Marianna Bertolini; David Driemeier; Saulo P. Pavarini; Luciana Sonne (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2024)

Transformation of natural habitat disrupts biogeographical patterns of orchid diversity - Edicson Parra-Sanchez; Robert P. Freckleton; Matthew G. Hethcoat; Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero; David P. Edwards (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Harnessing historic records and long-term monitoring data to evaluate amphibian extinction dynamics - Matt West; David Hunter; Michael P. Scroggie; Glen Johnson; Steve Smith; Michael A. McCarthy; Graeme R. Gillespie (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Interaction Between HCN and Slack Channels Regulates mPFC Pyramidal Cell Excitability in Working Memory Circuits - Jing Wu; Lynda El-Hassar; Dibyadeep Datta; Merrilee Thomas; Yalan Zhang; David P. Jenkins; Nicholas J. DeLuca; Manavi Chatterjee; Valentin K. Gribkoff; Amy F.T. Arnsten; Leonard K. Kaczmarek (Molecular Neurobiology, 2024)

Correction to: The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh‑Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer‑Civiello; Rodrigo Beas‑Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)

The Kelp Forest ﻿Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests - Aaron Eger; J. David Aguirre; María Altamirano; Nur Arafeh-Dalmau; Nina Larissa Arroyo; Anne M. Bauer-Civiello; Rodrigo Beas-Luna; Trine Bekkby; Alecia Bellgrove; Scott Bennett; Blanca Bernal; Caitlin O. Blain; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)
Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp forests are entirely absent from the international conservation dialogue. No international laws, policies, or targets focus on kelp forests and very few countries consider them in their national policy. The Kelp Forest Challenge addresses that gap. Together with 252 kelp experts, professionals, and citizens from 25 countries, the Kelp Forest Challenge was developed as a grassroots vision of what the world can achieve for kelp forest conservation. It is a global call to restore 1 million and protect 3 million hectares of kelp forests by 2040. This is a monumental challenge, that will require coordination across multiple levels of society and the mobilization of immense resources. Pledges may therefore include area for protection or restoration, enabling pledges which assist in conservation (funding, equipment, professional expertise, capacity building), or awareness-based pledges which increase awareness or education about kelp forests. Correspondingly, participants may be from government, scientific institutions, private sector, NGOs, community groups, or individuals. This challenge is the beginning of a 17-year mission to save our kelp forests and anyone and any organisation is invited to participate.

Studying functions on coral reefs: past perspectives, current conundrums, and future potential - David R. Bellwood; Simon J. Brandl; Mike McWilliam; Robert P. Streit; Helen F. Yan; Sterling B. Tebbett (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Function-based studies have opened a new chapter in our understanding of coral reefs. Unfortunately, we are opening this chapter as the world’s reefs rapidly transform. In this context, one of the most important roles of function-based studies is to inform coral reef conservation. At this critical juncture, we have a chance to reflect on where we have come from, and where we are going, in coral reef functional ecology, with specific consideration of what this means for our approaches to conserving reefs. As focal examples, we examine the role of corals on reefs, and the practice of culling crown-of-thorns starfish, from a functional perspective. We also consider how the papers in this special issue build on our current understanding. Ultimately, we highlight how robust scientific investigation, based on an understanding of ecosystem functions, will be key in helping us navigate reefs through the current coral reef crisis.

Small coral reef fishes with large ecological footprints - William P. Collins; David R. Bellwood; Renato A. Morais (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Seascape connectivity can facilitate key ecosystem functions in complex ecosystems like coral reefs. Many reef fishes move across the seascape, bridging different ecosystems. However, their role in shaping important functions, such as biomass production and nutrient cycling, is still poorly understood. This study, therefore, assesses the extent of natural movements of cardinalfishes (Apogonidae), one of the major contributors to nocturnal fish biomass production with the potential for a major role in transferring energy and nutrients between sandy ecosystems and adjacent coral reefs. Consistent with previous work, showing their ability to move distances of 100 s to 1000 s of metres when displaced, we reveal that these small fishes undergo major voluntary nocturnal foraging forays extending up to at least 145 m from reef structures. Their estimated daily movement distances are at least 430 times greater than expected based solely on body size-home range expectations. Given their large travel distances and strong homing abilities, apogonids may provide a major conduit for material transfer between lagoonal soft sediment habitats and adjacent coral reefs. These results highlight the potential importance of apogonids in the cross-system or cross-habitat transport of energy and nutrients on coral reefs.

Dietary niche overlap in an understudied Mustelidae community in the subboreal forests of western North America: does body size differentiate dietary niche? - David N. Breault; Dexter P. Hodder; Shannon M. Crowley; Chris J. Johnson (Community Ecology, 2024)

Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world - Nadja Contzen; Goda Perlaviciute; Linda Steg; Sophie Charlotte Reckels; Susana Alves; David Bidwell; Gisela Böhm; Marino Bonaiuto; Li-Fang Chou; Victor Corral-Verdugo; Federica Dessi; Thomas Dietz; et al. (Climatic Change, 2024)
Some argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public ( N = 2,248) and students ( N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impacts on humans and nature.

Modulation of physiological and biochemical activities of Eugenia uniflora by green-synthesized silver nanoparticle and melatonin under drought stress - Ayomide H. Labulo; Oyinade A. David; Augustine D. Terna; Timileyin P. Omotosho; Nicholas S. Tanko; Ibrahim Hassan; Bosede R. Oluwole; Adeyinka Odebode (Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2024)

Differences in neuroinflammation in people who started antiretroviral treatment during primary versus chronic HIV infection: an 18kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) study - Jasmini Alagaratnam; John P. Thornhill; Zhen Fan; Jaime H. Vera; Jonathan Underwood; Rebecca Hall; Graham Searle; David Owen; Paul Edison; Sarah Fidler; Alan Winston (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2024)
Persistent inflammation is described in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Early ART initiation is associated with reduced inflammation. We aimed to evaluate neuroinflammation, using translocator protein (TSPO) [ 11 C]PBR28 PET neuroimaging in PWH who initiated ART during acute HIV (aPWH) versus chronic HIV infection (cPWH) versus a control population. This was a cross-sectional, observational study. All participants underwent [ 11 C]PBR28 PET-CT neuroimaging. Using a two-tissue compartment model, total volume of distribution (V T ) and distribution volume ratios (DVR) using cortical grey matter as a pseudo-reference region at 20 regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. Differences in V T and DVR were compared between groups using the Kruskall-Wallis test. Seventeen neuro-asymptomatic male PWH on ART (9 aPWH, 8 cPWH) and 8 male control participants (CPs) were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 40 (30, 46), 44 (41, 47) and 21 (20, 25) years in aPWH, cPWH and CPs, respectively. Median (IQR) CD4 (cells/µL) and CD4:CD8 were 687 (652, 1014) and 1.37 (1.24, 1.42), and 700 (500, 720) and 0.67 (0.64, 0.82) in aPWH and cPWH, respectively. Overall, no significant difference in V T and DVR were observed between the three groups at any ROIs. cPWH demonstrated a trend towards higher mean V T compared with aPWH and CPs at most ROIs. No significant differences in neuroinflammation, using [ 11 C]PBR28 binding as a proxy, were identified between cPWH, aPWH and CPs. A trend towards lower absolute [ 11 C]PBR28 binding was seen amongst aPWH and CPs, suggesting early ART may mitigate neuroinflammation.

A Reinterpretation of Phenomenological Modeling Approaches for Lagrangian Particles Settling in a Turbulent Boundary Layer - Andrew P. Grace; David H. Richter; Andrew D. Bragg (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2024)

The role of living labs in cultivating inclusive and responsible innovation in precision agriculture - Maaz Gardezi; Halimeh Abuayyash; Paul R. Adler; Juan P. Alvez; Rubaina Anjum; Appala Raju Badireddy; Skye Brugler; Pablo Carcamo; David Clay; Ali Dadkhah; Mary Emery; Joshua W. Faulkner; et al. (Agricultural Systems, 2024)

Habitat-dependent metabolic costs for a wild cold-water fish - Benjamin L. Hlina; Daniel M. Glassman; Elodie J. I. Lédée; Liane B. Nowell; Julie E. Claussen; David P. Philipp; J. Ellen Marsden; Michael Power; Steven J. Cooke (Aquatic Sciences, 2024)

Variability in the phytoplankton response to upwelling across an iron limitation mosaic within the California current system - YuanYu Lin; Olivia Torano; Logan Whitehouse; Emily Pierce; Claire P. Till; Matthew Hurst; Robert Freiberger; Travis Mellett; Maria T. Maldonado; Jian Guo; Mariam Sutton; David Zeitz; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Coastal upwelling currents such as the California Current System (CCS) comprise some of the most productive biological systems on the planet. Diatoms dominate these upwelling events in part due to their rapid response to nutrient entrainment. In this region, they may also be limited by the micronutrient iron (Fe), an important trace element primarily involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. The mechanisms behind how diatoms physiologically acclimate to the different stages of the upwelling conveyor belt cycle remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we explore their physiological and metatranscriptomic response to the upwelling cycle with respect to the Fe limitation mosaic that exists in the CCS. Subsurface, natural plankton assemblages that would potentially seed surface blooms were examined over wide and narrow shelf regions. The initial biomass and physiological state of the phytoplankton community had a large impact on the overall response to simulated upwelling. Following on‐deck incubations under varying Fe physiological states, our results suggest that diatoms quickly dominated the blooms by “frontloading” nitrogen assimilation genes prior to upwelling. However, diatoms subjected to induced Fe limitation exhibited reductions in carbon and nitrogen uptake and decreasing biomass accumulation. Simultaneously, they exhibited a distinct gene expression response which included increased expression of Fe‐starvation induced proteins and decreased expression of nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis genes. These findings may have significant implications for upwelling events in future oceans, where changes in ocean conditions are projected to amplify the gradient of Fe limitation in coastal upwelling regions.

A data‐driven approach to multiple‐stressor impact assessment for a marine protected area - Laura L. Griffiths; Joel Williams; Christina A. Buelow; Vivitskaia J. Tulloch; Mischa P. Turschwell; Max D. Campbell; David Harasti; Rod M. Connolly; Christopher J. Brown (Conservation Biology, 2024)
The coastal environment is not managed in a way that considers the impact of cumulative threats, despite being subject to threats from all realms (marine, land, and atmosphere). Relationships between threats and species are often nonlinear; thus, current (linear) approaches to estimating the impact of threats may be misleading. We developed a data‐driven approach to assessing cumulative impacts on ecosystems and applied it to explore nonlinear relationships between threats and a temperate reef fish community. We used data on water quality, commercial fishing, climate change, and indicators of recreational fishing and urbanization to build a cumulative threat map of the northern region in New South Wales, Australia. We used statistical models of fish abundance to quantify associations among threats and biophysical covariates and predicted where cumulative impacts are likely to have the greatest impact on fish. We also assessed the performance of no‐take zones (NTZs), to protect fish from cumulative threats across 2 marine protected area networks (marine parks). Fishing had a greater impact on fish than water quality threats (i.e., percent increase above the mean for invertivores was 337% when fishing was removed and was 11% above the mean when water quality was removed inside NTZs), and fishing outside NTZs affected fish abundances inside NTZs. Quantifying the spatial influence of multiple threats enables managers to understand the multitude of management actions required to address threats.

MaPPeRTrac: A Massively Parallel, Portable, and Reproducible Tractography Pipeline - Lanya T. Cai; Joseph Moon; Paul B. Camacho; Aaron T. Anderson; Won Jong Chwa; Bradley P. Sutton; Amy J. Markowitz; Eva M. Palacios; Alexis Rodriguez; Geoffrey T. Manley; Shivsundaram Shankar; Peer-Timo Bremer; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2024)

Spatial variation in spawning timing for multi-species Acropora assemblages in the Red Sea - Eslam O. Osman; David J. Suggett; Tamer M. Attalla; Marco Casartelli; Nathan Cook; Islam El-Sadek; Ahmed Gallab; Elizabeth A. Goergen; Neus Garcias-Bonet; Jessica S. Glanz; Pedro Henrique Pereira; Megan Ramirez-Sanchez; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Sexual reproduction is a crucial process for reef building coral populations to maximize genetic diversity and recover from large scale disturbances. Mass spawning events by Acropora species represent critical opportunities for populations to persist, and a process that is increasingly exploited to actively restore degraded reefs. However, the timing and predictive capacity of coral spawning throughout the broad thermal and environmental regime of the Red Sea – a region also undergoing significant development and active reef restoration – remains patchy. We, therefore, conducted three parallel reef surveys in the central Red Sea (Al-Fahal Reef, Thuwal - Saudi Arabia) and the eastern (Shushah Island - Saudi Arabia) and western (Hurghada – Egypt) coast of the northern Red Sea. Surveys assessed the gravidity of gonads, spawning timing, alignment with the lunar cycle of 21 Acropora spp. (total n= 572 colonies) around the full moons of April and May 2023. Consistent with past observations, synchronous spawning was observed for Acropora spp. in both the central and northern Red Sea during April and May, respectively. Interestingly, corals spawned on the full moon in both Shushah and Thuwal sites. In contrast, corals in Hurghada were independent of the lunar cycle and spawned 7-9 nights before the full moon in May. By integrating our 2023 observations with the historical spawning events in Hurghada and Thuwal (2002-2022), we found that the deviation of spawning timing from the full moon day was correlated with absolute Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (earlier spawning before the full moon day, lower SST) and warming rate (earlier spawning, more rapid warming) in 6-weeks prior to spawning. As such, temperature pattern is likely one of the primary factors governing gamete release, among other factors, that likely influence spawning day within the lunar month. These correlations between SST metrics and spawning timing suggest a potential framework to predict future Acropora spp. spawning dates. Our observations demonstrate the importance of parallel efforts across borders to collect critical data needed to inform management strategies aimed at conserving and restoring coral reefs in this ecologically diverse region.

Temperature and local anthropogenic pressures limit stony coral assemblage viability in southeast Florida - Nicholas P. Jones; David S. Gilliam (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

Phytoplankton composition from sPACE: Requirements, opportunities, and challenges - Ivona Cetinić; Cecile S. Rousseaux; Ian T. Carroll; Alison P. Chase; Sasha J. Kramer; P. Jeremy Werdell; David A. Siegel; Heidi M. Dierssen; Dylan Catlett; Aimee Neeley; Inia M. Soto Ramos; Jennifer L. Wolny; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Did gorgonopsians survive the end-Permian “Great Dying”? A re-appraisal of three gorgonopsian specimens (Therapsida, Theriodontia) reported from the Triassic Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa - Julien Benoit; Christian F. Kammerer; Kathleen Dollman; David P. Groenewald; Roger M.H. Smith (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2024)

Combined and sequential exposure to prenatal second hand smoke and postnatal maternal distress is associated with cingulo-opercular global efficiency and attention problems in school-age children - Paige B. Greenwood; Mariah DeSerisy; Emily Koe; Elizabeth Rodriguez; Leilani Salas; Frederica P. Perera; Julie Herbstman; David Pagliaccio; Amy E. Margolis (Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 2024)

Detrital U Pb zircon geochronology, zircon Lu Hf and Sr Nd isotopic signatures of the Lopingian volcanic-ash-derived Nb-Zr-REY-Ga mineralized horizons from eastern Yunnan, SW China - Ning Wang; Shifeng Dai; Victor P. Nechaev; David French; Ian T. Graham; Xiaolin Song; Igor Yu. Chekryzhov; Irina A. Tarasenko; Sergey Y. Budnitskiy (Lithos, 2024)

Impact of CO2 emissions embodied in the agricultural sector on carbon sequestration in South Africa: The role of environmental taxes and technological innovation - Maureen Ifeoma Iyke-Ofoedu; Samuel Manyo Takon; David O. Ugwunta; Hillary Chijindu Ezeaku; Ebele Sabina Nsofor; Obiamaka P. Egbo (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024)

Assessing and improving the veracity of international trade in captive-bred animals - Oscar Morton; Vincent Nijman; David P. Edwards (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults: A multi-cohort study - Emily Beglarian; Elizabeth Costello; Douglas I. Walker; Hongxu Wang; Tanya L. Alderete; Zhanghua Chen; Damaskini Valvi; Brittney O. Baumert; Sarah Rock; Bruna Rubbo; Max T. Aung; Frank D. Gilliland; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dysregulation of MicroRNA expression in humans and animals—A systematic review - Yijie Li; Brittney O. Baumert; Elizabeth Costello; Jiawen Carmen Chen; Sarah Rock; Nikos Stratakis; Jesse A. Goodrich; Yinqi Zhao; Sandrah P. Eckel; Douglas I. Walker; Damaskini Valvi; Michele A. La Merrill; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

Effects of wearing masks indoors on the cognitive performance and physiological and subjective responses of healthy young adults - Xiaoyue Lang; Natalia Giraldo Vasquez; Weiwei Liu; David P. Wyon; Pawel Wargocki (Building and Environment, 2024)

Population genetics of museum specimens indicate decreasing genetic resiliency: The case of two bumble bees of conservation concern - Ashley T. Rohde; Michael G. Branstetter; Karen E. Mock; Joyce N. Knoblett; David S. Pilliod; Jeffrey G. Everett; Paul Galpern; James P. Strange (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Tree diversity and liana infestation predict acoustic diversity in logged tropical forests - Zachary Chu; Cindy C.P. Cosset; Catherine Finlayson; Patrick G. Cannon; Robert P. Freckleton; Kalsum M. Yusah; David P. Edwards (Biological Conservation, 2024)

What waterfowl hunters want: exploring heterogeneity in hunting trip preferences - Katherine A. Sainsbury; Howard W. Harshaw; David C. Fulton; Nicholas W. Cole; Ashley A. Dayer; Jennie N. Duberstein; Andrew H. Raedeke; Rudy M. Schuster; Mark P. Vrtiska (Wetlands, 2024)
Canadian and American waterfowl hunters were surveyed to identify their hunting trip preferences. Respondents were individuals that were now participating or had participated in waterfowl hunting, and most had hunted the majority of the last five years. We identified four latent classes of waterfowl hunters that varied in their preferences for harvest, access effort, length of travel, quantity of waterfowl seen, and the potential for interference/competition. We found a diminishing return associated with the number of waterfowl harvested, and that ‘devoted’ and ‘local’ hunters did not perceive appreciable benefit from harvesting more birds beyond harvesting a single bird. Results highlight the importance of not only considering population size, but also the location of habitat for people and waterfowl. Our results provide waterfowl managers important insights into the heterogeneity of North American waterfowl hunters by highlighting differences in priorities for waterfowl hunting trips. Notably, to address this heterogeneity, managers could consider the balance of objectives, actions and resources designed to satisfy current waterfowl hunters. Managing access to improve the likelihood that hunters will see and have opportunities to harvest some waterfowl has benefit to hunters.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Word Production Abilities in Dysfunction of the Basal Ganglia: Stroke, Small Vessel Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease - Ileana Camerino; João Ferreira; Jet M. Vonk; Roy P. C. Kessels; Frank-Erik de Leeuw; Ardi Roelofs; David Copland; Vitória Piai (Neuropsychology Review, 2024)

A Simpler Way to Organize Society: Response to a Risky Stimulus is Related to the Spatial Distribution of the Individuals Within a Spider Colonial Web - Leonardo P. A. Resende; David N. Fisher; Isabelle O. L. Luz; Hilton F. Japyassú (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2024)

Short-Term Recovery of Pilot Living Shoreline Projects for Salt Marsh Habitat in New Hampshire - James Grant McKown; Gregg E. Moore; David M. Burdick; Thomas P. Ballestero; Natalie A. White (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)

Bornean tropical forests recovering from logging at risk of regeneration failure - David C. Bartholomew; Robin Hayward; David F. R. P. Burslem; Paulo R. L. Bittencourt; Daniel Chapman; Mohd. Aminur Faiz Bin Suis; Reuben Nilus; Michael J. O'Brien; Glen Reynolds; Lucy Rowland; Lindsay F. Banin; Daisy Dent (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Active restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long‐term recovery of logged forests, which remains poorly understood, particularly for the production and survival of seedlings in subsequent generations. To understand the long‐term impacts of logging and restoration we tracked the diversity, survival and traits of seedlings that germinated immediately after a mast fruiting in North Borneo in unlogged and logged forests 30–35 years after logging. We monitored 5119 seedlings from germination for ~1.5 years across a mixed landscape of unlogged forests (ULs), naturally regenerating logged forests (NR) and actively restored logged forests via rehabilitative silvicultural treatments (AR), 15–27 years after restoration. We measured 14 leaf, root and biomass allocation traits on 399 seedlings from 15 species. Soon after fruiting, UL and AR forests had higher seedling densities than NR forest, but survival was the lowest in AR forests in the first 6 months. Community composition differed among forest types; AR and NR forests had lower species richness and lower evenness than UL forests by 5–6 months post‐mast but did not differ between them. Differences in community composition altered community‐weighted mean trait values across forest types, with higher root biomass allocation in NR relative to UL forest. Traits influenced mortality ~3 months post‐mast, with more acquisitive traits and relative aboveground investment favoured in AR forests relative to UL forests. Our findings of reduced seedling survival and diversity suggest long time lags in post‐logging recruitment, particularly for some taxa. Active restoration of logged forests recovers initial seedling production, but elevated mortality in AR forests lowers the efficacy of active restoration to enhance recruitment or diversity of seedling communities. This suggests current active restoration practices may fail to overcome barriers to regeneration in logged forests, which may drive long‐term changes in future forest plant communities.

Temperature and CO 2 interactively drive shifts in the compositional and functional structure of peatland protist communities - Christopher L. Kilner; Alyssa A. Carrell; Daniel J. Wieczynski; Samantha Votzke; Katrina DeWitt; Andrea Yammine; Jonathan Shaw; Dale A. Pelletier; David J. Weston; Jean P. Gibert (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Microbes affect the global carbon cycle that influences climate change and are in turn influenced by environmental change. Here, we use data from a long‐term whole‐ecosystem warming experiment at a boreal peatland to answer how temperature and CO 2 jointly influence communities of abundant, diverse, yet poorly understood, non‐fungi microbial Eukaryotes (protists). These microbes influence ecosystem function directly through photosynthesis and respiration, and indirectly, through predation on decomposers (bacteria and fungi). Using a combination of high‐throughput fluid imaging and 18S amplicon sequencing, we report large climate‐induced, community‐wide shifts in the community functional composition of these microbes (size, shape, and metabolism) that could alter overall function in peatlands. Importantly, we demonstrate a taxonomic convergence but a functional divergence in response to warming and elevated CO 2 with most environmental responses being contingent on organismal size: warming effects on functional composition are reversed by elevated CO 2 and amplified in larger microbes but not smaller ones. These findings show how the interactive effects of warming and rising CO 2 levels could alter the structure and function of peatland microbial food webs—a fragile ecosystem that stores upwards of 25% of all terrestrial carbon and is increasingly threatened by human exploitation.

Development, verification, and implementation of an eDNA detection assay for emydids with a case study on diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, and red eared slider, Trachemys script elegans - Andrew T. Fields; Elizabeth P. Hunt; Katherine Lanoue; Aaron S. Baxter; Riley S. Sebby; W. Jay Tarkington; David S. Portnoy (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2024)

A comparative study of protein structure prediction tools for challenging targets: Snake venom toxins - Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos; Markus-Frederik Bohn; David E. Jenkins; Jann Ledergerber; Christoffer V. Sørensen; Nils Hofmann; Jack Wade; Thomas Fryer; Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen; Ulrich auf dem Keller; Andreas H. Laustsen; Timothy P. Jenkins (Toxicon, 2024)

On railway track receptance - Angie C. Lamprea-Pineda; David P. Connolly; Alexandre Castanheira-Pinto; Pedro Alves-Costa; Mohammed F.M. Hussein; Peter K. Woodward (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024)

Habitat and dissolved organic carbon modulate variation in the biogeochemical drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in dragonfly larvae at the national scale - Sarah J. Nelson; James Willacker; Collin Eagles-Smith; Colleen Flanagan Pritz; Celia Y. Chen; Amanda Klemmer; David P. Krabbenhoft (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

PCB concentrations in riparian spiders (Tetragnathidae) consistently reflect concentrations in water and aquatic macroinvertebrates, but not sediment: Analysis of a seven-year field study - Ryan R. Otter; Marc A. Mills; Ken M. Fritz; James M. Lazorchak; Dalon P. White; Gale B. Beaubien; David M. Walters (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

A systematic review and meta-analysis of field studies of portable air cleaners: Performance, user behavior, and by-product emissions - Amir Ebrahimifakhar; Mehrdad Poursadegh; Yifeng Hu; David P. Yuill; Yu Luo (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

A hyperspectral view of the nearshore Mississippi River Delta: Characterizing suspended particles in coastal wetlands using imaging spectroscopy - Joshua P. Harringmeyer; Nilotpal Ghosh; Matthew W. Weiser; David R. Thompson; Marc Simard; Steven E. Lohrenz; Cédric G. Fichot (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

ELSSIE: A compact stereo spectral imager for planetary surface morphology and composition - Scott L. Murchie; Frank P. Seelos; Bethany L. Ehlmann; John D. Boldt; Lawrence E. Brown; Jacob M. Greenberg; Karl A. Hibbitts; W. Jeffrey Lees; David M. Linko; Joseph J. Linden; Graham P. Murphy; Jorge I. Núñez; et al. (Planetary and Space Science, 2024)

Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning - Antony M. Knights; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Louise B. Firth; Todd Bond; Jeremy Claisse; Joop W.P. Coolen; Andrea Copping; Jennifer Dannheim; Michela De Dominicis; Steven Degraer; Michael Elliott; Paul G. Fernandes; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Enhanced oil dehalogenation during catalytic pyrolysis of WEEE-derived plastics over Fe- and Ca-modified zeolites - Julio López; Lidia Amodio; Maria del Mar Alonso-Doncel; Jennifer Cueto; Hector Hernando; Michal Mazur; Jiří Čejka; Patricia Pizarro; David P. Serrano (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

A toxicological assessment of spermidine trihydrochloride produced using an engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Paola P. Chrysostomou; Elaine L. Freeman; Mary M. Murphy; Rui Pereira; David J. Esdaile; Patrick Keohane (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Demonstration of a scalable process for remediation of petroleum-impacted soil using electron beam irradiation - John Lassalle; Thomas P. Hoelen; Paul Bireta; Deyuan Kong; Gabriel P. Sabadell; David Staack (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

3D printed lignin/polymer composite with enhanced mechanical and anti-thermal-aging performance - Shuyang Zhang; Xianzhi Meng; Samarthya Bhagia; Anqi Ji; Micholas Dean Smith; Yun-yan Wang; Bo Liu; Chang Geun Yoo; David P. Harper; Arthur J. Ragauskas (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Quaternary ammonium salt coated air filter for bioaerosol removal from building indoor air - Huixin Jiang; Kai Li; David E. Graham; Attelia Hollander; Mariappan P. Paranthaman; M. Muneeshwaran; Xiaoli Liu; Merlin Theodore; Tolga Aytug; Keju An; Kashif Nawaz (Building and Environment, 2024)

Landscape-scale population trends in the occurrence and abundance of wildlife populations using long term camera-trapping data - Joshua P. Twining; David Kramer; Kelly A. Perkins; Angela K. Fuller (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Associations of Perinatal Metal and Metalloid Exposures with Early Child Behavioral Development Over Time in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study - Julia A. Bauer; Megan E. Romano; Brian P. Jackson; David Bellinger; Susan Korrick; Margaret R. Karagas (Exposure and Health, 2024)

Comparison of strategies for assessment of rate of torque development in older and younger adults - Dallin Tavoian; Brian C. Clark; Leatha A. Clark; Nathan P. Wages; David W. Russ (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Atmospheric effects are stronger than soil moisture in restricting net CO2 uptake of managed grasslands in New Zealand - Jordan P. Goodrich; Aaron M. Wall; David I. Campbell; Margaret M. Barbour; Johannes Laubach; John E. Hunt; Louis A. Schipper (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Global Patterns of Metal and Other Element Enrichment in Bog and Fen Peatlands - Chetwynd Osborne; Spencer Gilbert-Parkes; Graeme Spiers; Louis James Lamit; Erik A. Lilleskov; Nathan Basiliko; Shaun Watmough; Roxanne Andersen; Rebekka E. Artz; Brian W. Benscoter; Luca Bragazza; Suzanna L. Bräuer; et al. (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2024)

Biomechanical Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis by Means of a Virtual Stress Test: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Study - Vijay Govindarajan; Arun Kolanjiyil; Charles Wanna; Hyunggun Kim; Siddharth Prakash; Krishnan B. Chandran; David D. McPherson; Nils P. Johnson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Patterns of admixture and introgression in a mosaic Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus edulis hybrid zone in SW England - Angel P. Diz; David O. F. Skibinski (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
The study of hybrid zones offers important insights into speciation. Earlier studies on hybrid populations of the marine mussel species Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis in SW England provided evidence of admixture but were constrained by the limited number of molecular markers available. We use 57 ancestry‐informative SNPs, most of which have been mapped genetically, to provide evidence of distinctive differences between admixed populations in SW England and asymmetrical introgression from M. edulis to M. galloprovincialis . We combine the genetic study with analysis of phenotypic traits of potential ecological and adaptive significance. We demonstrate that hybrid individuals have brown mantle edges unlike the white or purple in the parental species, suggesting allelic or non‐allelic genomic interactions. We report differences in gonad development stage between the species consistent with a prezygotic barrier between the species. By incorporating results from publications dating back to 1980, we confirm the long‐term stability of the hybrid zone despite higher viability of M. galloprovincialis . This stability coincides with a dramatic change in temperature of UK coastal waters and suggests that these hybrid populations might be resisting the effects of global warming. However, a single SNP locus associated with the Notch transmembrane signalling protein shows a markedly different pattern of variation to the others and might be associated with adaptation of M. galloprovincialis to colder northern temperatures.

Land‐use change from market responses to oil palm intensification in Indonesia - Felix K. S. Lim; Luis Roman Carrasco; David P. Edwards; Jolian McHardy (Conservation Biology, 2024)
Oil palm is a major driver of tropical deforestation. A key intervention proposed to reduce the footprint of oil palm is intensifying production to free up spare land for nature, yet the indirect land‐use implications of intensification through market forces are poorly understood. We used a spatially explicit land‐rent modeling framework to characterize the supply and demand of oil palm in Indonesia under multiple yield improvement and demand elasticity scenarios and explored how shifts in market equilibria alter projections of crop expansion. Oil palm supply was sensitive to crop prices and yield improvements. Across all our scenarios, intensification raised agricultural rents and lowered the effectiveness of reductions in crop expansion. Increased yields lowered oil palm prices, but these price‐drops were not sufficient to prevent further cropland expansion from increased agricultural rents under a range of price elasticities of demand. Crucially, we found that agricultural intensification might only result in land being spared when the demand relationship was highly inelastic and crop prices were very low (i.e., a 70% price reduction). Under this scenario, the extent of land spared (∼0.32 million ha) was countered by the continued establishment of new plantations (∼1.04 million ha). Oil palm intensification in Indonesia could exacerbate current pressures on its imperiled biodiversity and should be deployed with stronger spatial planning and enforcement to prevent further cropland expansion.

Validation of a molecular sex marker in three sturgeons from eastern North America - Nicholas M. Sard; Brian R. Kreiser; Richard M. Pendleton; Barbara A. Lubinski; Robin L. Johnson; Dewayne A. Fox; Joel P Van Eenennaam; Jason E. Kahn; Chris Hager; Amanda L. Higgs; David C. Kazyak (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2024)

Evaluating a microalga (Schizochytrium sp.) as an alternative to fish oil in fish-free feeds for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) - Katherine A. Neylan; Ronald B. Johnson; Frederic T. Barrows; David P. Marancik; Scott L. Hamilton; Luke D. Gardner (Aquaculture, 2024)

A social network analysis of cross-organizational engagement for urban heat resilience in Los Angeles County, California - Leila Mosleh; Mackensie Yore; Walker Wells; David P. Eisenman; Kirsten Schwarz (Urban Climate, 2024)

Frequency Spectra Analysis of Vertical Stress in Ballasted Track Foundations: Influence of Train Configuration and Subgrade Depth - Guishuai Feng; Qiang Luo; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly; Kaiwen Liu (Transportation Geotechnics, 2024)

Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines With RelabotulinumtoxinA, an Investigational Liquid Botulinum Toxin: Clinical Efficacy and Safety Results From the READY-2 Phase 3 Trial - Glynis Ablon; David Bank; Theda Kontis; Sherrif F Ibrahim; Melanie Palm; Sue Ellen Cox; Jason K Rivers; Lisa Grunebaum; Mitchel P Goldman; Shannon Humphrey; Xiaoming Lin; Schafiq Nabhani; et al. (Toxicon, 2024)

Mercury sources and budget for the Snake River above a hydroelectric reservoir complex - Austin K. Baldwin; Sarah E. Janssen; Michael T. Tate; Brett A. Poulin; Alysa M. Yoder; Jesse Naymik; Chris Larsen; Charles Hoovestol; David P. Krabbenhoft (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Need and vision for global medium-resolution Landsat and Sentinel-2 data products - Volker C. Radeloff; David P. Roy; Michael A. Wulder; Martha Anderson; Bruce Cook; Christopher J. Crawford; Mark Friedl; Feng Gao; Noel Gorelick; Matthew Hansen; Sean Healey; Patrick Hostert; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

New supporting data to guide the use of evident toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies (OECD TG 420) - Fiona Sewell; Ian Ragan; Graham Horgan; David Andrew; Thomas Holmes; Irene Manou; Boris P. Müller; Tim Rowan; Barbara G. Schmitt; Marco Corvaro (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

Assessment of oceanographic conditions during the North Atlantic EXport processes in the ocean from RemoTe sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign - Leah Johnson; David A. Siegel; Andrew F. Thompson; Erik Fields; Zachary K. Erickson; Ivona Cetinic; Craig M. Lee; Eric A. D'Asaro; Norman B. Nelson; Melissa M. Omand; Michaela Sten; Shawnee Traylor; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2024)

Holocene climate and catchment change inferred from the geochemistry of Lashmars Lagoon, Kangaroo Island (Karti/Karta), southern Australia - Lucinda Cameron Duxbury; Lluka Yohanni Johns-Mead; Haidee Cadd; Alexander Francke; Stefan C. Löhr; Wallace Boone Law; Linda Armbrecht; Philip Anthony Hall; Atun Zawadzki; Geraldine E. Jacobsen; Patricia S. Gadd; David P. Child; et al. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2024)

The contributions of neonatal inhalation of copper to air pollution-induced neurodevelopmental outcomes in mice - Janine Cubello; Elena Marvin; Katherine Conrad; Alyssa K. Merrill; Jithin V. George; Kevin Welle; Brian P. Jackson; David Chalupa; Günter Oberdörster; Marissa Sobolewski; Deborah A. Cory-Slechta (NeuroToxicology, 2024)

Dispersant-enhanced photodissolution of macondo crude oil: A molecular perspective - David C. Podgorski; Jacob Walley; Matthew P. Shields; Deja Hebert; Maxwell L. Harsha; Robert G.M. Spencer; Matthew A. Tarr; Phoebe Zito (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Particle accumulation model in 3D reconstructed wall of a catalytic filter validated with time-resolved X-ray tomography - Marie Plachá; Martin Isoz; Petr Kočí; Matthew P. Jones; Miloš Svoboda; David S. Eastwood; Andrew P.E. York (Fuel, 2024)

HydroShare retrospective: Science and technology advances of a comprehensive data and model publication environment for the water science domain - David G. Tarboton; Daniel P. Ames; Jeffery S. Horsburgh; Jonathan L. Goodall; Alva Couch; Richard Hooper; Jerad Bales; Shaowen Wang; Anthony Castronova; Martin Seul; Ray Idaszak; Zhiyu Li; et al. (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2024)

Out of-plane failure analysis of masonry walls subjected to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads induced by flash floods - Mohammad Asad; Julian Thamboo; Tatheer Zahra; David P. Thambiratnam (Engineering Structures, 2024)

Conformational changes in a Photosystem II hydrogen bond network stabilize the oxygen-evolving complex - Brandon P. Russell; David J. Vinyard (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2024)

Isopod mouthpart traits respond to a tropical forest recovery gradient - Shawn B. H. Ang; Weng Ngai Lam; G. Kenny Png; Sylvia K. B. Tan; Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee; Max Khoo; Matthew S. Luskin; David A. Wardle; Eleanor M. Slade (Oecologia, 2024)

Temperature Thresholds for Leaf Damage from Two Extreme Freeze Events (2018 and 2021) Near the Northern Range Limit of Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in Southeastern North America - Simen Kaalstad; Michael J. Osland; Donna J. Devlin; C. Edward Proffitt; Laura C. Feher; Anna R. Armitage; Richard H. Day; Kathleen M. Swanson; Gordon H. Anderson; Brigid Berger; Just Cebrian; Karen L. Cummins; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)

A robust regression analysis method to determine the significance of trends in concentrations of heavy metals in UK ambient air and improve network design and emission inventories - Andrew S. Brown; Stephanie J. Barker; Richard J. C. Brown; Kevin P. Wyche; David M. Butterfield (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2024)

Integrating Remote Sensing with Ground-based Observations to Quantify the Effects of an Extreme Freeze Event on Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans) at the Landscape Scale - Melinda Martinez; Michael J. Osland; James B. Grace; Nicholas M. Enwright; Camille L. Stagg; Simen Kaalstad; Gordon H. Anderson; Anna R. Armitage; Just Cebrian; Karen L. Cummins; Richard H. Day; Donna J. Devlin; et al. (Ecosystems, 2024)

Biological, ecological and trophic features of invasive mosquitoes and other hematophagous arthropods: What makes them successful? - David Renault; Stéphane A. P. Derocles; Phillip Haubrock; Frédéric Simard; Ross N. Cuthbert; Claire Valiente-Moro (Biological Invasions, 2024)

Co-production of models to evaluate conservation alternatives for a threatened fish in a rapidly changing landscape - Joseph R. Benjamin; Jason B. Dunham; Nolan P. Banish; David K. Hering; Zachary Tiemann (Aquatic Sciences, 2024)
Reintroductions are one means of managing species distributions, but the feasibility of such efforts is uncertain. Here we consider reintroduction for threatened bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ) that currently occupy a small fraction of historically occupied habitats in the upper Klamath River basin owing to climate warming and human modifications of ecosystems. We engaged stakeholders across multiple organizations to co-produce a decision support model that estimated the potential of reintroduction to establish new populations and persistence of donor populations. Stakeholders identified recipient and donor populations, strategy (e.g., artificial propagation, translocation), number of individuals, and life stage of bull trout. The most optimal decision for reintroduction was artificial propagation of 10,000 fry into Annie Creek. This strategy may have negative consequences on donor populations, with the exception of Sun Creek, which was resilient to simulated removal of bull trout. Donor populations and recipient streams identified as most feasible were generally consistent across all of these scenarios. During model development, however, an unexpected and intense wildfire affected half of the streams considered and may have dramatically impacted donor populations. With models in hand from the initial feasibility assessment, we adapted them to further evaluate the potential of supplementation following this massive disturbance. Overall, results of this study indicate the value of developing co-produced tools that can be rapidly adapted to evaluate the consequences of whole-system transformations in near-real-time assessments.

Genomics‐informed conservation units reveal spatial variation in climate vulnerability in a migratory bird - Caitlin V. Miller; Christen M. Bossu; James F. Saracco; David P. L. Toews; Clark S. Rushing; Amélie Roberto‐Charron; Junior A. Tremblay; Richard B. Chandler; Matthew G. DeSaix; Cameron J. Fiss; Jeff L. Larkin; Samuel Haché; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Identifying genetic conservation units (CUs) in threatened species is critical for the preservation of adaptive capacity and evolutionary potential in the face of climate change. However, delineating CUs in highly mobile species remains a challenge due to high rates of gene flow and genetic signatures of isolation by distance. Even when CUs are delineated in highly mobile species, the CUs often lack key biological information about what populations have the most conservation need to guide management decisions. Here we implement a framework for CU identification in the Canada Warbler ( Cardellina canadensis ), a migratory bird species of conservation concern, and then integrate demographic modelling and genomic offset to guide conservation decisions. We find that patterns of whole genome genetic variation in this highly mobile species are primarily driven by putative adaptive variation. Identification of CUs across the breeding range revealed that Canada Warblers fall into two evolutionarily significant units (ESU), and three putative adaptive units (AUs) in the South, East, and Northwest. Quantification of genomic offset, a metric of genetic changes necessary to maintain current gene–environment relationships, revealed significant spatial variation in climate vulnerability, with the Northwestern AU being identified as the most vulnerable to future climate change. Alternatively, quantification of past population trends within each AU revealed the steepest population declines have occurred within the Eastern AU. Overall, we illustrate that genomics‐informed CUs provide a strong foundation for identifying current and future regional threats that can be used to inform management strategies for a highly mobile species in a rapidly changing world.

Traditional and digital examination of the baculum of a leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ) - James P. Rule; Hazel L. Richards; Tahlia I. Pollock; David P. Hocking; Alistair R. Evans (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)

What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species? - Tim Lindken; Christopher V. Anderson; Daniel Ariano‐Sánchez; Goni Barki; Christina Biggs; Philip Bowles; Ramamoorthi Chaitanya; Drew T. Cronin; Sonja C. Jähnig; Jonathan M. Jeschke; Rosalind J. Kennerley; Thomas E. Lacher; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
We created a database of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, identified patterns in their distribution and factors influencing rediscovery. Tetrapod species are being lost at a faster rate than they are being rediscovered, due to slowing rates of rediscovery for amphibians, birds and mammals, and rapid rates of loss for reptiles. Finding lost species and preventing future losses should therefore be a conservation priority. By comparing the taxonomic and spatial distribution of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, we have identified regions and taxa with many lost species in comparison to those that have been rediscovered—our results may help to prioritise search effort to find them. By identifying factors that influence rediscovery, we have improved our ability to broadly distinguish the types of species that are likely to be found from those that are not (because they are likely to be extinct). Some lost species, particularly those that are small and perceived to be uncharismatic, may have been neglected in terms of conservation effort, and other lost species may be hard to find due to their intrinsic characteristics and the characteristics of the environments they occupy (e.g. nocturnal species, fossorial species and species occupying habitats that are more difficult to survey such as wetlands). These lost species may genuinely await rediscovery. However, other lost species that possess characteristics associated with rediscovery (e.g. large species) and that are also associated with factors that negatively influence rediscovery (e.g. those occupying small islands) are more likely to be extinct. Our results may foster pragmatic search protocols that prioritise lost species likely to still exist.

Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate and topography - Alain Senghor K. Ngute; David S. Schoeman; Marion Pfeifer; Geertje M. F. van der Heijden; Oliver L. Phillips; Michiel van Breugel; Mason J. Campbell; Chris J. Chandler; Brian J. Enquist; Rachael V. Gallagher; Christoph Gehring; Jefferson S. Hall; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Growing evidence suggests that liana competition with trees is threatening the global carbon sink by slowing the recovery of forests following disturbance. A recent theory based on local and regional evidence further proposes that the competitive success of lianas over trees is driven by interactions between forest disturbance and climate. We present the first global assessment of liana–tree relative performance in response to forest disturbance and climate drivers. Using an unprecedented dataset, we analysed 651 vegetation samples representing 26,538 lianas and 82,802 trees from 556 unique locations worldwide, derived from 83 publications. Results show that lianas perform better relative to trees (increasing liana‐to‐tree ratio) when forests are disturbed, under warmer temperatures and lower precipitation and towards the tropical lowlands. We also found that lianas can be a critical factor hindering forest recovery in disturbed forests experiencing liana‐favourable climates, as chronosequence data show that high competitive success of lianas over trees can persist for decades following disturbances, especially when the annual mean temperature exceeds 27.8°C, precipitation is less than 1614 mm and climatic water deficit is more than 829 mm. These findings reveal that degraded tropical forests with environmental conditions favouring lianas are disproportionately more vulnerable to liana dominance and thus can potentially stall succession, with important implications for the global carbon sink, and hence should be the highest priority to consider for restoration management.

Divergent ecological responses to typhoon disturbance revealed via landscape‐scale acoustic monitoring - Samuel R. P.‐J. Ross; Nicholas R. Friedman; Kenneth L. Dudley; Takuma Yoshida; Masashi Yoshimura; Evan P. Economo; David W. Armitage; Ian Donohue (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events across the globe. Understanding the capacity for ecological communities to withstand and recover from such events is critical. Typhoons are extreme weather events that are expected to broadly homogenize ecological dynamics through structural damage to vegetation and longer‐term effects of salinization. Given their unpredictable nature, monitoring ecological responses to typhoons is challenging, particularly for mobile animals such as birds. Here, we report spatially variable ecological responses to typhoons across terrestrial landscapes. Using a high temporal resolution passive acoustic monitoring network across 24 sites on the subtropical island of Okinawa, Japan, we found that typhoons elicit divergent ecological responses among Okinawa's diverse terrestrial habitats, as indicated by increased spatial variability of biological sound production (biophony) and individual species detections. This suggests that soniferous communities are capable of a diversity of different responses to typhoons. That is, spatial insurance effects among local ecological communities provide resilience to typhoons at the landscape scale. Even though site‐level typhoon impacts on soundscapes and bird detections were not particularly strong, monitoring at scale with high temporal resolution across a broad spatial extent nevertheless enabled detection of spatial heterogeneity in typhoon responses. Further, species‐level responses mirrored those of acoustic indices, underscoring the utility of such indices for revealing insight into fundamental questions concerning disturbance and stability. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of landscape‐scale acoustic sensor networks to capture the understudied ecological impacts of unpredictable extreme weather events.

Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem - Mattia Saccò; Stefano Mammola; Florian Altermatt; Roman Alther; Rossano Bolpagni; Anton Brancelj; David Brankovits; Cene Fišer; Vasilis Gerovasileiou; Christian Griebler; Simone Guareschi; Grant C. Hose; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Groundwater is a vital ecosystem of the global water cycle, hosting unique biodiversity and providing essential services to societies. Despite being the largest unfrozen freshwater resource, in a period of depletion by extraction and pollution, groundwater environments have been repeatedly overlooked in global biodiversity conservation agendas. Disregarding the importance of groundwater as an ecosystem ignores its critical role in preserving surface biomes. To foster timely global conservation of groundwater, we propose elevating the concept of keystone species into the realm of ecosystems, claiming groundwater as a keystone ecosystem that influences the integrity of many dependent ecosystems. Our global analysis shows that over half of land surface areas (52.6%) has a medium‐to‐high interaction with groundwater, reaching up to 74.9% when deserts and high mountains are excluded. We postulate that the intrinsic transboundary features of groundwater are critical for shifting perspectives towards more holistic approaches in aquatic ecology and beyond. Furthermore, we propose eight key themes to develop a science‐policy integrated groundwater conservation agenda. Given ecosystems above and below the ground intersect at many levels, considering groundwater as an essential component of planetary health is pivotal to reduce biodiversity loss and buffer against climate change.

Indigenous Peoples' Lands are critical for safeguarding vertebrate diversity across the tropics - Jocelyne S. Sze; Dylan Z. Childs; L. Roman Carrasco; Álvaro Fernández‐Llamazares; Stephen T. Garnett; David P. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Indigenous Peoples are long‐term custodians of their lands, but only recently are their contributions to conservation starting to be recognized in biodiversity policy and practice. Tropical forest loss and degradation are lower in Indigenous lands than unprotected areas, yet the role of Indigenous Peoples' Lands (IPL) in biodiversity conservation has not been properly assessed from regional to global scales. Using species distribution ranges of 11,872 tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates to create area of habitat maps, we identified the overlap of these species ranges with IPL and then compared values inside and outside of IPL for species richness, extinction vulnerability, and range‐size rarity. Of assessed vertebrates, at least 76.8% had range overlaps with IPL, on average overlapping ~25% of their ranges; at least 120 species were found only within IPL. Species richness within IPL was highest in South America, while IPL in Southeast Asia had highest extinction vulnerability, and IPL in Dominica and New Caledonia were important for range‐size rarity. Most countries in the Americas had higher species richness within IPL than outside, whereas most countries in Asia had lower extinction vulnerability scores inside IPL and more countries in Africa and Asia had slightly higher range‐size rarity in IPL. Our findings suggest that IPL provide critical support for tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates, highlighting the need for greater inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in conservation target‐setting and program implementation, and stronger upholding of Indigenous Peoples' rights in conservation policy.

Seasonal SIMS δ18O record in Astarte borealis from the Baltic Sea tracks a modern regime shift in the NAO - Hunter P. Hughes; Donna Surge; Ian J. Orland; Michael L. Zettler; David K. Moss (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Introduction Astarte borealis holds great potential as an archive of seasonal paleoclimate, especially due to its long lifespan (several decades to more than a century) and ubiquitous distribution across high northern latitudes. Furthermore, recent work demonstrates that the isotope geochemistry of the aragonite shell is a faithful proxy of environmental conditions. However, the exceedingly slow growth rates of A. borealis in some locations (<0.2mm/year) make it difficult to achieve seasonal resolution using standard micromilling techniques for conventional stable isotope analysis. Moreover, oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) records from species inhabiting brackish environments are notoriously difficult to use as paleoclimate archives because of the simultaneous variation in temperature and δ 18 O water values. Methods Here we use secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to microsample an A. borealis specimen from the southern Baltic Sea, yielding 451 SIMS δ 18 O shell values at sub-monthly resolution. Results SIMS δ 18 O shell values exhibit a quasi-sinusoidal pattern with 24 local maxima and minima coinciding with 24 annual growth increments between March 1977 and the month before specimen collection in May 2001. Discussion Age-modeled SIMS δ 18 O shell values correlate significantly with both in situ temperature measured from shipborne CTD casts (r 2 = 0.52, p<0.001) and sea surface temperature from the ORAS5-SST global reanalysis product for the Baltic Sea region (r 2 = 0.42, p<0.001). We observe the strongest correlation between SIMS δ 18 O shell values and salinity when both datasets are run through a 36-month LOWESS function (r 2 = 0.71, p < 0.001). Similarly, we find that LOWESS-smoothed SIMS δ 18 O shell values exhibit a moderate correlation with the LOWESS-smoothed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index (r 2 = 0.46, p<0.001). Change point analysis supports that SIMS δ 18 O shell values capture a well-documented regime shift in the NAO circa 1989. We hypothesize that the correlation between the SIMS δ 18 O shell time series and the NAO is enhanced by the latter’s influence on the regional covariance of water temperature and δ 18 O water values on interannual and longer timescales in the Baltic Sea. These results showcase the potential for SIMS δ 18 O shell values in A. borealis shells to provide robust paleoclimate information regarding hydroclimate variability from seasonal to decadal timescales.

Screening for collusion in wholesale electricity markets: A literature review - David P. Brown; Andrew Eckert; Douglas Silveira (Utilities Policy, 2023)

Response to Colbach et al. - David P. Horvath; Sharon A. Clay; Clarence J. Swanton; James V. Anderson; Wun S. Chao (Trends in Plant Science, 2023)

Physical, biological and anthropogenic drivers of spatial patterns of coral reef fish assemblages at regional and local scales - Daniela M. Ceccarelli; Richard D. Evans; Murray Logan; Geoffrey P. Jones; Marji Puotinen; Caroline Petus; Garry R. Russ; Maya Srinivasan; David H. Williamson (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Spatial competition in a global disturbance minimum; the seabed under an Antarctic ice shelf - Bétina A.V. Frinault; David K.A. Barnes; Boris K. Biskaborn; Raphael Gromig; Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand; Johann P. Klages; Nikola Koglin; Gerhard Kuhn (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Detection of Karenia brevis red tides on the West Florida Shelf using VIIRS observations: Accounting for spatial coherence with artificial intelligence - Yao Yao; Chuanmin Hu; Jennifer P. Cannizzaro; Brian B. Barnes; David C. English; Yuyuan Xie; Katherine Hubbard; Menghua Wang (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Mercury biomagnification and trophic structure patterns in neotropical coastal estuaries impacted by a Chlor-alkali plant in northeast Brazil - Andréa P. Viana; François Le Loc’h; Thierry Frédou; Flávia Lucena-Frédou; Frédéric Ménard; Christelle Lagane; Jean-Marie Munaron; Alex S. Lira; Ítala G.S. dos Santos; Valdimere Ferreira; Júlio G. Gonzalez; David Point (Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2023)

Uncovering the common factors of chemical exposure and behavior: Evaluating behavioral effects across a testing battery using factor analysis - William P. Marinello; Sagi Enicole A. Gillera; Lynn Huang; John Rollman; David M. Reif; Heather B. Patisaul (NeuroToxicology, 2023)

A genomic test of subspecies in the Eunota togata species group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae): Morphology masks evolutionary relationships and taxonomy - Robert A. Laroche; Daniel P. Duran; Cin-Ty A. Lee; William Godwin; Stephen J. Roman; David P. Herrmann; Scott P. Egan (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Interrelationships and biogeography of the New World pufferfish genus Sphoeroides (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) inferred using ultra-conserved DNA elements - Elizabeth P. Hunt; Stuart C. Willis; Kevin W. Conway; David S. Portnoy (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

A water treatment method utilizing a continuous flow material recovery system to facilitate removal of contaminant ions - Teagan J. Leitzke; Jerome P. Downey; Richard M. LaDouceur; Grant C. Wallace; Katie J. Schumacher; Morgan R. Ashbaugh; David L. Hutchins (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2023)

Sampling method drives differing detection of responses to land-use change in small mammals - Mariana F. Rocha; Luiz Fernando S. Magnago; Marcelo Passamani; Vinicius Chaga Lopes; Sergio Barbiero Lage; David P. Edwards (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Microhabitat requirements and occupancy of understorey bird forest specialists in Southern Mistbelt Forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Nasiphi Bitani; Craig P. Cordier; David A. Ehlers Smith; Yvette C. Ehlers Smith; Colleen T. Downs (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Preparation, analysis and toxicity characterisation of the redox metabolites of the azo food dye tartrazine - Ruth Pay; Abigail V. Sharrock; Riley Elder; Alaigne Maré; Joe Bracegirdle; Dan Torres; Niall Malone; Jan Vorster; Libusha Kelly; Ali Ryan; P. David Josephy; Emma Allen-Vercoe; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers with oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Jiawen Carmen Chen; Brittney O. Baumert; Yijie Li; Yiping Li; Shudi Pan; Shante Robinson; Bruna Rubbo; Elizabeth Costello; Jie He; Hailey Hampson; Emily Beglarian; Sarah Rock; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Transformer network for data imputation in electricity demand data - Ashkan Lotfipoor; Sandhya Patidar; David P. Jenkins (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Soil property recovery from incomplete in-situ geotechnical test data using a hybrid deep generative framework - Weihang Chen; Jianwen Ding; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly; Xing Wan (Engineering Geology, 2023)

Crossover, volatilization, and adsorption of ammonium ions in a proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer in relation to electrochemical ammonia production - Wei Bi; Előd Gyenge; David P. Wilkinson (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes - Sheel Bansal; Irena F. Creed; Brian A. Tangen; Scott D. Bridgham; Ankur R. Desai; Ken W. Krauss; Scott C. Neubauer; Gregory B. Noe; Donald O. Rosenberry; Carl Trettin; Kimberly P. Wickland; Scott T. Allen; et al. (Wetlands, 2023)
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.

Periconceptional and Prenatal Exposure to Metals and Extracellular Vesicle and Particle miRNAs in Human Milk: A Pilot Study - Caitlin G. Howe; David A. Armstrong; Meghan E. Muse; Diane Gilbert-Diamond; Jiang Gui; Anne G. Hoen; Thomas J. Palys; Roxanna L. Barnaby; Bruce A. Stanton; Brian P. Jackson; Brock C. Christensen; Margaret R. Karagas (Exposure and Health, 2023)

Response of streamflow and nutrient loads in a small temperate catchment subject to land use change - Gebiaw T. Ayele; Bofu Yu; Andy Bruere; David P. Hamilton (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)
The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of land use change (LUC) implemented to meet nutrient load targets for a freshwater lake in New Zealand. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in combination with a non-parametric statistical test to determine whether afforestation of 15% of a subcatchment area was adequate to meet assigned nutrient load targets. A regional management authority set nutrient load targets of reduction in total nitrogen (TN) by 0.9 t yr −1 and reduction in total phosphorus (TP) by 0.05 t yr −1 to avoid eutrophication in the receiving waters of a freshwater lake. The load reduction was designed to be achieved through 200 ha of LUC from pasture to trees. Analysis of nutrient loads before, during, and following LUC shows that a 15% increase in forest cover decreased the annual flow (7.2%), TP load (33.3%), and TN load (13.1%). As flow and water quality observations were discrete and at irregular intervals, we used a parametric test and the SWAT model as different lines of evidence to demonstrate the effect of afforestation on flow and water quality. Policymakers concerned with decisions about LUC to improve the quality of receiving waters can benefit from applying our findings and using a statistical and numerical modelling framework to evaluate the adequacy of land use change to support improvements in water quality.

A generalized framework for designing open-source natural hazard parametric insurance - Carmen B. Steinmann; Benoît P. Guillod; Christopher Fairless; David N. Bresch (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2023)
Parametric insurance schemes allow for payouts to be triggered by real-time hydro-/meteorological parameters instead of waiting for damage assessments, which means they can be settled swiftly, giving people access to funds right after the event. In this work we propose a framework to design parametric insurance schemes and systematically quantify the basis risk: the difference between the parameter-based payout and the actual damage. We implement the framework in the open-source global risk assessment platform CLIMADA and illustrate it with two stylized parametric insurance case studies, targeting tropical cyclones in Mozambique and winter storms in France. The data used and the provided code base are globally-consistent, open-source, and readily available. The presented methods are therefore applicable in data-scarce areas and accessible to stakeholders from the public and private sector. Moreover, our approach can easily be adapted to other hazards and exposures worldwide. This improves the accessibility and transparency of such innovative insurance schemes.

Systematic Analysis of PTFE Monocusp Leaflet Design in a Patient-Based 3D in-Vitro Model of Tetralogy of Fallot - Xiaoya Zhang; Shannen B. Kizilski; Dominic P. Recco; Martha D. Chaillo Lizarraga; Nicholas E. Kneier; Noah E. Schulz; Christopher W. Baird; Peter E. Hammer; David M. Hoganson (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2023)

Nature-based solutions for leveed river corridors - Matthew L. Chambers; Charles B. van Rees; Brian P. Bledsoe; David Crane; Susana Ferreira; Damon M. Hall; Rod W. Lammers; Craig E. Landry; Donald R. Nelson; Matt Shudtz; Burton C. Suedel (Anthropocene, 2023)

Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models - Kathryn Whitman; Ricky Egeland; Ian G. Richardson; Clayton Allison; Philip Quinn; Janet Barzilla; Irina Kitiashvili; Viacheslav Sadykov; Hazel M. Bain; Mark Dierckxsens; M. Leila Mays; Tilaye Tadesse; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2023)

Measuring healthy ageing: current and future tools - Nádia Silva; Ana Teresa Rajado; Filipa Esteves; David Brito; Joana Apolónio; Vânia Palma Roberto; Alexandra Binnie; Inês Araújo; Clévio Nóbrega; José Bragança; Pedro Castelo-Branco; Raquel P. Andrade; et al. (Biogerontology, 2023)
Human ageing is a complex, multifactorial process characterised by physiological damage, increased risk of age-related diseases and inevitable functional deterioration. As the population of the world grows older, placing significant strain on social and healthcare resources, there is a growing need to identify reliable and easy-to-employ markers of healthy ageing for early detection of ageing trajectories and disease risk. Such markers would allow for the targeted implementation of strategies or treatments that can lessen suffering, disability, and dependence in old age. In this review, we summarise the healthy ageing scores reported in the literature, with a focus on the past 5 years, and compare and contrast the variables employed. The use of approaches to determine biological age, molecular biomarkers, ageing trajectories, and multi-omics ageing scores are reviewed. We conclude that the ideal healthy ageing score is multisystemic and able to encompass all of the potential alterations associated with ageing. It should also be longitudinal and able to accurately predict ageing complications at an early stage in order to maximize the chances of successful early intervention.

Environment and shipping drive environmental DNA beta‐diversity among commercial ports - Jose Andrés; Paul Czechowski; Erin Grey; Mandana Saebi; Kara Andres; Christopher Brown; Nitesh Chawla; James J. Corbett; Rein Brys; Phillip Cassey; Nancy Correa; Marty R. Deveney; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
The spread of nonindigenous species by shipping is a large and growing global problem that harms coastal ecosystems and economies and may blur coastal biogeographical patterns. This study coupled eukaryotic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with dissimilarity regression to test the hypothesis that ship‐borne species spread homogenizes port communities. We first collected and metabarcoded water samples from ports in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. We then calculated community dissimilarities between port pairs and tested for effects of environmental dissimilarity, biogeographical region and four alternative measures of ship‐borne species transport risk. We predicted that higher shipping between ports would decrease community dissimilarity, that the effect of shipping would be small compared to that of environment dissimilarity and shared biogeography, and that more complex shipping risk metrics (which account for ballast water and stepping‐stone spread) would perform better. Consistent with our hypotheses, community dissimilarities increased significantly with environmental dissimilarity and, to a lesser extent, decreased with ship‐borne species transport risks, particularly if the ports had similar environments and stepping‐stone risks were considered. Unexpectedly, we found no clear effect of shared biogeography, and that risk metrics incorporating estimates of ballast discharge did not offer more explanatory power than simpler traffic‐based risks. Overall, we found that shipping homogenizes eukaryotic communities between ports in predictable ways, which could inform improvements in invasive species policy and management. We demonstrated the usefulness of eDNA metabarcoding and dissimilarity regression for disentangling the drivers of large‐scale biodiversity patterns. We conclude by outlining logistical considerations and recommendations for future studies using this approach.

Globally‐distributed microbial eukaryotes exhibit endemism at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents - Sarah K. Hu; Amy R. Smith; Rika E. Anderson; Sean P. Sylva; Michaela Setzer; Maria Steadmon; Kiana L. Frank; Eric W. Chan; Darlene S. S. Lim; Christopher R. German; John A. Breier; Susan Q. Lang; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Single‐celled microbial eukaryotes inhabit deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments and play critical ecological roles in the vent‐associated microbial food web. 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing of diffuse venting fluids from four geographically‐ and geochemically‐distinct hydrothermal vent fields was applied to investigate community diversity patterns among protistan assemblages. The four vent fields include Axial Seamount at the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Sea Cliff and Apollo at the Gorda Ridge, all in the NE Pacific Ocean, and Piccard and Von Damm at the Mid‐Cayman Rise in the Caribbean Sea. We describe species diversity patterns with respect to hydrothermal vent field and sample type, identify putative vent endemic microbial eukaryotes, and test how vent fluid geochemistry may influence microbial community diversity. At a semi‐global scale, microbial eukaryotic communities at deep‐sea vents were composed of similar proportions of dinoflagellates, ciliates, Rhizaria, and stramenopiles. Individual vent fields supported distinct and highly diverse assemblages of protists that included potentially endemic or novel vent‐associated strains. These findings represent a census of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent protistan communities. Protistan diversity, which is shaped by the hydrothermal vent environment at a local scale, ultimately influences the vent‐associated microbial food web and the broader deep‐sea carbon cycle.

Assessing the role of supplementation stocking: A perspective - Julie E. Claussen; David P. Philipp (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2023)
Although it is widely accepted that stocking hatchery‐cultured fish can increase the number of fish, decades of scientific evidence have shown that most often those stocking efforts fail to provide the desired “demographic boost” to a naturally reproducing, self‐sustaining target population. Despite this evidence, fish stocking remains a mainstay of fisheries management programmes, even as the biodiversity of wild fish populations and other aquatic organisms are at serious risk due to habitat loss and/or overexploitation across the globe. In this perspective piece, we summarise the reasons why wild and hatchery‐produced fish are not equivalent and describe the genetic and ecological risks associated with stocking programmes. We then present our perspective on the institutional changes that need to occur to assess these risks and offer ways to transition fisheries management strategies to become more effective in conserving levels of aquatic biodiversity from populations to landscapes. We propose that a critical first step to control ill‐conceived fish stocking programmes is to have each country develop, implement, and enforce a scientifically sound National Fish Stocking Policy. To achieve the long‐term sustainability of native fish populations, it is imperative that ecological and evolutionary principles be better integrated into future conservation strategies and management actions.

Correction: A Novel Milli-fluidic Liver Tissue Chip with Continuous Recirculation for Predictive Pharmacokinetics Applications - Shiny Amala Priya Rajan; Jason Sherfey; Shivam Ohri; Lauren Nichols; J. Tyler Smith; Paarth Parekh; Eugene P. Kadar; Frances Clark; Billy T. George; Lauren Gregory; David Tess; James R. Gosset; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2023)

Exploring contaminants as a disruptor of temperature-dependent sex determination in sea turtle hatchlings - Arthur D. Barraza; Larissa Young; Caitlin E. Smith; David T. Booth; Christine A. Madden Hof; Kimberly A. Finlayson; Frederic D. L. Leusch; Jason P. van de Merwe (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Sea turtle nesting beaches are experiencing increased sand temperatures as climate change progresses. In one major green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) nesting beach in the northern Great Barrier Reef, over 99 percent of hatchlings are female. The effects of contaminants on sea turtle hatchling sex determination are not often explored. Liver samples were collected from green turtle hatchlings that were sacrificed for histological sex determination in a parallel study on the effects of sand cooling on sex ratios, and analysed for trace elements via acid digestion and organic contaminants via in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays. Chromium, antimony, barium, and cadmium have previously been demonstrated to be estrogenic, and concentrations of these elements were used to calculate three estrogenic indexes for each clutch: predicted relative estrogenic potency (PEEQA), the sum of percent trace elements above the median of all samples (TEOM), and the sum of percent estrogenic elements above the median of all samples (EstroEOM). Excluding an outlier clutch, cadmium, antimony, and EstroEOM had significant positive relationships with sex ratio deviation. Mean clutch cobalt, lead, antimony and barium, also had a significant positive relationship with clutch sex ratio. There was no relationship between in vitro cytotoxicity of liver extracts and sex ratio, however, 9% of hatchlings had organic contaminants high enough to suggest potential cellular damage. Contaminant effects on sex determination are likely to be caused by a mixture of contaminant interactions as well as temperature. Many trace elements detected in this study have also been linked to negative health effects on hatchlings in previous studies. Considering the risks of feminization due to climate change and potential contaminant effects on hatchling health and sex determination, future studies exploring contaminant effects on sea turtle hatchling sex determination are recommended.

Antioxidants green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid confer species and strain-specific lifespan and health effects in Caenorhabditis nematodes - Stephen A. Banse; Christine A. Sedore; Erik Johnson; Anna L. Coleman-Hulbert; Brian Onken; David Hall; E. Grace Jackson; Phu Huynh; Anna C. Foulger; Suzhen Guo; Theo Garrett; Jian Xue; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) is an NIH-funded research consortium of investigators who conduct analyses at three independent sites to identify chemical interventions that reproducibly promote health and lifespan in a robust manner. The founding principle of the CITP is that compounds with positive effects across a genetically diverse panel of Caenorhabditis species and strains are likely engaging conserved biochemical pathways to exert their effects. As such, interventions that are broadly efficacious might be considered prominent compounds for translation for pre-clinical research and human clinical applications. Here, we report results generated using a recently streamlined pipeline approach for the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on lifespan and health. We studied five compounds previously shown to extend C. elegans lifespan or thought to promote mammalian health: 17α-estradiol, acarbose, green tea extract, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and rapamycin. We found that green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend Caenorhabditis lifespan in a species-specific manner. Additionally, these two antioxidants conferred assay-specific effects in some studies—for example, decreasing survival for certain genetic backgrounds in manual survival assays in contrast with extended lifespan as assayed using automated C. elegans Lifespan Machines. We also observed that GTE and NDGA impact on older adult mobility capacity is dependent on genetic background, and that GTE reduces oxidative stress resistance in some Caenorhabditis strains. Overall, our analysis of the five compounds supports the general idea that genetic background and assay type can influence lifespan and health effects of compounds, and underscores that lifespan and health can be uncoupled by chemical interventions.

Lead (Pb) deposition onto new and biofilm-laden potable water pipes - Md Hadiuzzaman; Nahreen Mirza; Shawn P. Brown; David A. Ladner; Maryam Salehi (Chemosphere, 2023)

A novel 3D-printed graphite/polylactic acid sensor for the electrochemical determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in environmental waters - Gilvana P. Siqueira; Diele A.G. Araújo; Lucas V. de Faria; David L.O. Ramos; Tiago A. Matias; Eduardo M. Richter; Thiago R.L.C. Paixão; Rodrigo A.A. Muñoz (Chemosphere, 2023)

Data collection and analysis methods to evaluate potential impacts of seismic surveys and other marine industrial activities on baleen whales - Brandon L. Southall; Gregory P. Donovan; Roberto Racca; Randall R. Reeves; Alexander I. Vedenev; David W. Weller; Douglas P. Nowacek (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023)

Fish avoidance of ships during acoustic surveys tested with quiet uncrewed surface vessels - Thomas M. Evans; Lars G. Rudstam; Suresh A. Sethi; David M. Warner; S. Dale Hanson; Benjamin Turschak; Steven A. Farha; Andrew R. Barnard; Daniel L. Yule; Mark R. DuFour; Timothy P. O’Brien; Kevin N. McDonnell; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Comparative growth performance of backgrounded beef heifers treated with an injectable fixed-dose combination (0.2 mg/kg doramectin + 6.0 mg/kg levamisole hydrochloride) or single-active (0.2 mg/kg ivermectin) endectocide - Andrew A. DeRosa; Susan Holzmer; Jase J. Ball; Landon P. Watkins; Mitchell Blanding; Mark Alley; Thomas H. Short; David T. Bechtol; Audie R. Waite; Elizabeth J. Rigoni; Jezaniah K. Tena (Veterinary Parasitology, 2023)

Moving beyond the one true trait - Robert P. Streit; David R. Bellwood (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Vulnerability of wells in unconfined and confined aquifers to modern contamination from flood events - Hayden Rudd; Andy Neal; David P. Genereux; Damian Shea; Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Ambient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe - Xiansheng Liu; Hadiatullah Hadiatullah; Xun Zhang; Pedro Trechera; Marjan Savadkoohi; Meritxell Garcia-Marlès; Cristina Reche; Noemí Pérez; David C.S. Beddows; Imre Salma; Wanda Thén; Panayiotis Kalkavouras; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

HARP: A suite of parameters to describe the hysteresis of streamflow and water quality constituents - Melanie E. Roberts; Donghwan Kim; Jing Lu; David P. Hamilton (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Comparative planetology – Comparing cirques on Mars and Earth using a CNN - Joshua M. Williams; Louis A. Scuderi; Timothy P. McClanahan; Maria E. Banks; David M.H. Baker (Geomorphology, 2023)

Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation - Poojitha Rajasekar; Robert J. Hall; K.C. Binaya; Parth S. Mahapatra; Siva P. Puppala; Dhruma Thakker; Julia L. MacIsaac; David Lin; Michael Kobor; Charlotte E. Bolton; Ian Sayers; Ian P. Hall; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Nitrogen leaching under alternative forages grazed by sheep - Sarmini Maheswaran; Lydia M. Cranston; James P. Millner; David J. Horne; James A. Hanly; Paul R. Kenyon; Peter D. Kemp (European Journal of Agronomy, 2023)

The influence of wildfire on invasive plant abundance and spatial structure in eastern ponderosa pine savanna - Victoria M. Donovan; Carissa L. Wonkka; Caleb P. Roberts; David A. Wedin; Devan Allen McGranahan; Dirac Twidwell (Plant Ecology, 2023)

Integrated Exposure–Response of Dupilumab in Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Atopic Dermatitis Using Categorical and Continuous Efficacy Assessments: A Population Analysis - Emily Briggs; Mohamed A. Kamal; Matthew P. Kosloski; Ian Linsmeier; Natalie Jusko; Nancy Dolphin; Jason Chittenden; Eric L. Simpson; Amy S. Paller; Elaine C. Siegfried; Brad Shumel; Noah A. Levit; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 2023)
Background While the majority of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) achieve disease control with dupilumab treatment, there is variability in which patients achieve clear disease. The predictors of these responses are currently unclear. Integrated models were developed to evaluate the exposure–response (E-R) relationship of dupilumab in children, adolescents, and adults with AD. Methods Data from six Phase II and III clinical studies were pooled (2,366 adults [> 18 years], 243 adolescents [≥ 12 to < 18 years] and 359 children [≥ 6 to < 12 years]) for model development. Efficacy was assessed using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA). Indirect response models were applied to link measures of efficacy and functional serum dupilumab concentrations. The covariates on individual placebo-corrected response were assessed. Clinical trial scenarios were simulated to compare E-R relationships across age groups. Safety was not explored. Results After correcting for differences in placebo response and dupilumab exposure: 1) older age, higher body weight, lower baseline thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and Asian race were associated with slightly lower EASI response, and no clear covariates were identified on IGA response; 2) clinical trial simulations generally showed slightly higher response at a given dupilumab concentration in children compared to adults and adolescents with severe and moderate AD. Conclusions The collectively tested covariates explain some of the variability in dupilumab response in patients with AD. Patients in all age groups showed adequate response to dupilumab; however, children showed slightly higher drug effects compared to adults and adolescents at equivalent concentrations.

Postfire hydrologic response along the Central California (USA) coast: insights for the emergency assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards - Matthew A. Thomas; Jason W. Kean; Scott W. McCoy; Donald N. Lindsay; Jaime Kostelnik; David B. Cavagnaro; Francis K. Rengers; Amy E. East; Jonathan Y. Schwartz; Douglas P. Smith; Brian D. Collins (Landslides, 2023)
The steep, tectonically active terrain along the Central California (USA) coast is well known to produce deadly and destructive debris flows. However, the extent to which fire affects debris-flow susceptibility in this region is an open question. We documented the occurrence of postfire debris floods and flows following the landfall of a storm that delivered intense rainfall across multiple burn areas. We used this inventory to evaluate the predictive performance of the US Geological Survey M1 likelihood model, a tool that presently underlies the emergency assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards in the western USA. To test model performance, we used the threat score skill statistic and found that the rainfall thresholds estimated by the M1 model for the Central California coast performed similarly to training (Southern California) and testing (Intermountain West) data associated with the original model calibration. Model performance decreased when differentiating between “minor” and “major” postfire hydrologic response types, which weigh effects on human life and infrastructure. Our results underscore that the problem of false positives is a major challenge for developing accurate rainfall thresholds for the occurrence of postfire debris flows. As wildfire activity increases throughout the western USA, so too will the demand for the assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards. We conclude that additional collection of field-verified inventories of postfire hydrologic response will be critical to prioritize which model variables may be suitable candidates for regional calibration or replacement.

Coastal Response to the Landfall of a Hurricane on a Series of Inlets and Narrow Back-Barrier Waterways - Chiara M. Manchia; Ryan P. Mulligan; David J. Mallinson; Stephen J. Culver (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)

Polarization vision in terrestrial hermit crabs - Martin J. How; Alasdair Robertson; Samuel P. Smithers; David Wilby (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2023)
Polarization vision is used by a wide range of animals for navigating, orienting, and detecting objects or areas of interest. Shallow marine and semi-terrestrial crustaceans are particularly well known for their abilities to detect predator-like or conspecific-like objects based on their polarization properties. On land, some terrestrial invertebrates use polarization vision for detecting suitable habitats, oviposition sites or conspecifics, but examples of threat detection in the polarization domain are less well known. To test whether this also applies to crustaceans that have evolved to occupy terrestrial habitats, we determined the sensitivity of two species of land and one species of marine hermit crab to predator-like visual stimuli varying in the degree of polarization. All three species showed an ability to detect these cues based on polarization contrasts alone. One terrestrial species, Coenobita rugosus , showed an increased sensitivity to objects with a higher degree of polarization than the background. This is the inverse of most animals studied to date, suggesting that the ecological drivers for polarization vision may be different in the terrestrial environment.

Dietary Uptake of Highly Hydrophobic Chemicals by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) - Lawrence P. Burkhard; Tylor J. Lahren; Kaila B. Hanson; Alex J. Kasparek; David R. Mount (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2023)

Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing - Ashley M. Fowler; Natalie A. Dowling; Jeremy M. Lyle; Josep Alós; Leif E. Anderson; Steven J. Cooke; Andy J. Danylchuk; Keno Ferter; Heath Folpp; Clifford Hutt; Kieran Hyder; Daniel K. Lew; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2023)
Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi‐sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high‐income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small‐scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.

A Novel Milli-fluidic Liver Tissue Chip with Continuous Recirculation for Predictive Pharmacokinetics Applications - Shiny Amala Priya Rajan; Jason Sherfey; Shivam Ohri; Lauren Nichols; J. Tyler Smith; Paarth Parekh; Eugene P. Kadar; Frances Clark; Billy T. George; Lauren Gregory; David Tess; James R. Gosset; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2023)
A crucial step in lead selection during drug development is accurate estimation and optimization of hepatic clearance using in vitro methods. However, current methods are limited by factors such as lack of physiological relevance, short culture/incubation times that are not consistent with drug exposure patterns in patients, use of drug absorbing materials, and evaporation during long-term incubation. To address these technological needs, we developed a novel milli-fluidic human liver tissue chip (LTC) that was designed with continuous media recirculation and optimized for hepatic cultures using human primary hepatocytes. Here, we characterized the LTC using a series of physiologically relevant metrics and test compounds to demonstrate that we could accurately predict the PK of both low- and high-clearance compounds. The non-biological characterization indicated that the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)–based LTC exhibited negligible evaporation and minimal non-specific binding of drugs of varying ionic states and lipophilicity. Biologically, the LTC exhibited functional and polarized hepatic culture with sustained metabolic CYP activity for at least 15 days. This long-term culture was then used for drug clearance studies for low- and high-clearance compounds for at least 12 days, and clearance was estimated for a range of compounds with high in vitro - in vivo correlation (IVIVC). We also demonstrated that LTC can be induced by rifampicin, and the culture age had insignificant effect on depletion kinetic and predicted clearance value. Thus, we used advances in bioengineering to develop a novel purpose-built platform with high reproducibility and minimal variability to address unmet needs for PK applications. Graphical Abstract

Monitoring population-level foraging distribution of a marine migratory species from land: strengths and weaknesses of the isotopic approach on the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead turtle aggregation - Simona A. Ceriani; Susan Murasko; David S. Addison; David Anderson; Greg Curry; Nicole A. Desjardin; Scott F. Eastman; Daniel R. Evans; Nancy Evou; Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; Matthew H. Godfrey; Kristen M. Hart; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Assessing the linkage between breeding and non-breeding areas has important implications for understanding the fundamental biology of and conserving animal species. This is a challenging task for marine species, and in sea turtles a combination of stable isotope analysis (SIA) and satellite telemetry has been increasingly used. The Northwest Atlantic (NWA) loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) Regional Management Unit, one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate key biological patterns as well as methodological aspects related to the use of stable isotopes to infer spatial distribution of turtles in foraging areas. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the annual distribution of NWA adult female loggerheads among foraging areas and investigate the efficacy of various analytical approaches as well as the effect of sample size in these types of studies. A total of 5168 individual females were sampled from seven Management Units (MUs) between 2013-2018. We provide the first estimate of the proportion of females originating from each MU that uses each foraging area and show how this proportion varies over time. We also estimate the relative importance (in terms of number of turtles) of each foraging area to the overall loggerhead breeding aggregation nesting in Florida and in the NWA for each year of the study. The foraging area used by reproductively active females differs considerably across MUs. One of these, the Subtropical NWA, is by far the most important foraging area in terms of both number of individuals and genetic diversity, and therefore this region may be considered as a conservation priority. Through simulations, we show that limited sizes of sample groups (unknowns; training; priors) may result in false geographic differentiation and consequently mislead interpretations. We provide thresholds and methodological recommendations for future studies. This study establishes a fundamental baseline for monitoring the annual contribution of foraging area to a terrestrial-based breeding aggregation of a marine animal in a cost-effective way. This type of monitoring allows for early detection of changes in foraging distributions—a possible effect of climate change on marine ecosystems or of area-specific anthropogenic threats.

The CPT1A Arctic variant: perspectives of community members and providers in two Alaska tribal health settings - Julie A. Beans; Susan Brown Trinidad; Aliassa L. Shane; Kyle A. Wark; Jaedon P. Avey; Charlene Apok; Tiffany Guinn; Samantha Kleindienst Robler; Matthew Hirschfeld; David M. Koeller; Denise A. Dillard (Journal of Community Genetics, 2023)

Using LiDAR Data to Estimate Biomass in Afforested Bottomland Oak Sites in the Southern United States - Heidi J Renninger; Brent R Frey; Madelyn P Anderson; David L Evans (Forest Science, 2023)
The extent of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) has diminished, and federal programs like the Conservation Reserve Program provide incentives to afforest marginal agricultural areas with oaks to provide ecosystem services. Remote sensing technologies, like light detection and ranging (LiDAR), can be used to estimate biomass of these stands to potentially allow landowners to take advantage of carbon markets, but data are expensive to collect. Therefore, we determined whether freely available low-density LiDAR data could capture variability in tree- and stand-level characteristics in the LMAV, including aboveground biomass. We found that multiple regression LiDAR models captured more variability in tree-level than stand-level parameters and including soil type generally improved models. Model r2 values predicting tree and stand parameters including tree height, height to the live crown, quadratic mean diameter, crown area, trees per hectare, stand basal area, and stand biomass ranged from 0.34 to 0.82 and root mean square percent error (RMSPE) ranged from 7% to 36%. Specifically, models for stand biomass had an RMSE of about 19 Mg/ha or about 19% of mean values across sites. Therefore, freely available LiDAR data was useful in evaluating afforested bottomland oak sites for tree- and stand-level structural components in the LMAV.

History and Prospects for the Sustainability and Circularity of the Windowpane Oyster Placuna placenta Fishery in the Philippines - Jessica M. Rustia; Judith P. Antonino; Ravelina R. Velasco; Marcelo A. Lima; Edwin A. Yates; David G. Fernig (Fishes, 2023)
The windowpane oyster Placuna placenta lives in brackish coastal waters and has long been economically important to the Philippines because of its durable and translucent shell, which is used as a glass substitute and material for making windowpanes and handicrafts. There has been considerable degradation of the P. placenta fishery over the past decades. Moreover, there are waste and under-exploited by-products, such as the meat, which though nutritious and edible, currently has a very low value; its use is confined to dishes consumed by families in the fishing community. Historically, there have been instances of excellent practice in terms of regulating the P. placenta fishery, while in recent times, there have been local initiatives to restore this and to develop high-value food products from the meat. These initiatives have, however, never been followed through at a provincial or national level. Research on other molluscs and marine organisms highlights that these contain high-value pharmaceutical products, an unexplored facet of P. placenta. This review compiles evidence to establish the groundwork for an essential and comprehensive multidisciplinary research programme centred around the P. placenta, which would ensure a high value for all parts of the oyster, including those currently discarded. By fostering a sustainable and circular economy within this fishery sector and its associated industry, its economic value would be amplified. This is particularly important for oyster harvesters in the Philippines, who often find themselves on the economic ladder’s lower rungs. By integrating the principles of a circular economy, this initiative would not only aim to uplift the economic prospects of these harvesters, but in doing so would drive the restoration of P. placenta to its former range.

Lessons learned from 30-years of operation of the Caernarvon Freshwater Diversion, Louisiana USA - Theryn K. Henkel; Angelina M. Freeman; David C. Lindquist; James W. Pahl; John P. Troutman (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023)

Synergistic effects of Vermi-Co extracts mixture with cytokinins on shoot regeneration of Lindernia minima (Benth.) Mukerjee—An endangered medicinal plant - R. Tamilvanan; H. David Raja; P. Srinivasan; S. Soosai Raj; A. Vijay; D. Jeferson (South African Journal of Botany, 2023)

Bio-physical determinants of sediment accumulation on an offshore coral reef: A snapshot study - Sterling B. Tebbett; Jodie A. Schlaefer; Casey L. Bowden; William P. Collins; Christopher R. Hemingson; Scott D. Ling; Juliano Morais; Renato A. Morais; Alexandre C. Siqueira; Robert P. Streit; Sam Swan; David R. Bellwood (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Amazonian earthworm biodiversity is heavily impacted by ancient and recent human disturbance - Ana C. Conrado; Wilian C. Demetrio; David W.G. Stanton; Marie L.C. Bartz; Samuel W. James; Alessandra Santos; Elodie da Silva; Talita Ferreira; Agno N.S. Acioli; Alexandre C. Ferreira; Lilianne S. Maia; Telma A.C. Silva; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Does heterogeneity in regenerating secondary forests affect mean throughfall? - Nadine Keller; Ilja van Meerveld; Christopher David Philipson; Gregory P. Asner; Elia Godoong; Hamzah Tangki; Jaboury Ghazoul (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Did Early Pleistocene hominins control hammer strike angles when making stone tools? - Li Li; Jonathan S. Reeves; Sam C. Lin; David R. Braun; Shannon P. McPherron (Journal of Human Evolution, 2023)

A slurry approach to identify nutrient critical source areas from subtropical catchment erosion - Jing Lu; Alexandra Garzon-Garcia; David P. Hamilton; Joanne Burton; Michele A. Burford (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Reconstructing historical time-series of cyanobacteria in lake sediments: Integrating technological innovation to enhance cyanobacterial management - Kevin J. Erratt; Irena F. Creed; Elizabeth J. Favot; John P. Smol; Rolf D. Vinebrooke; David A. Lobb; Charles G. Trick (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Recent decline in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) growth extends to the northern parts of its distribution range in eastern Canada - Emmanuel A. Boakye; Yves Bergeron; Igor Drobyshev; Arvin Beekharry; David Voyer; Alexis Achim; Jian-Guo Huang; Pierre Grondin; Steve Bédard; Filip Havreljuk; Fabio Gennaretti; Martin P. Girardin (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Tracking pollution from fur farms using forensic paleolimnology - Jennifer A. Kissinger; Braden R.B. Gregory; Chloe Clarkson; Nell Libera; David C. Eickmeyer; Linda E. Kimpe; Joshua Kurek; John P. Smol; Jules M. Blais (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Convergent margin metallogenic cycles: A window to secular changes in Earth's tectonic evolution - David L. Huston; Michael P. Doublier; Bruce Eglington; Sally Pehrsson; Steve Piercey; Patrick Mercier-Langevin (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Boron isotopes in Central American volcanics indicate a key role for the subducting oceanic crust - Stephen J. Turner; Mattison H. Barickman; Julian Rodriguez; David A. Fike; Clive M. Jones; Kun Wang; Ivan P. Savov; Samuele Agostini; Michael J. Krawczynski; Rita Parai (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Avian biodiversity losses from grazing of high Andean páramo - Simon C. Mills; Edicson Parra Sanchez; Jacob B. Socolar; Chris Bousfield; Bryn Coffey; Jos Barlow; Jose Manuel Ochoa Quintero; Torbjørn Haugaasen; David P. Edwards (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Reappraising the use of forearm rings for bat species - Lourdes Lobato-Bailón; Adrià López-Baucells; David Guixé; Carles Flaquer; Jordi Camprodon; Xavier Florensa-Rius; Maria Mas; Laura Torrent; Laura Ordeix; Oriol Tallo-Parra; Maria P. Ribas; Ignasi Marco; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Operant novelty seeking predicts cue-induced reinstatement following cocaine but not water reinforcement in male rats - Amy M. Gancarz; Devin P. Hagarty; Moriah M. Cobb; Michael A. Kausch; Brandon Krieg; Nora Alammari; Kameron Gilbert; Jacqueline Russo; David M. Dietz (Psychopharmacology, 2023)
Rationale An important facet of cocaine addiction is a high propensity to relapse, with increasing research investigating factors that predispose individuals toward uncontrolled drug use and relapse. A personality trait linked to drug addiction is high sensation seeking, i.e., a preference for novel sensations/experiences. In an animal model of sensation seeking, operant novelty seeking predicts the acquisition of drug self-administration. Objective The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of novel sensory stimuli predicts more intensive aspects of drug-taking behaviors, such as relapse. Methods Rats were first tested for Operant Novelty Seeking, during which responses resulted in complex visual/auditory stimuli. Next, rats were trained to respond to water/cocaine reinforcers signaled by a cue light. Finally, rats were exposed to extinction in the absence of discrete cues and subsequently tested in a single session of cue-induced reinstatement, during which active responses resulted in cues previously paired with water/cocaine delivery. Results The present study showed operant responses to produce novel sensory stimuli positively correlate with responding for cocaine during self-administration and during discrete cue-induced reinstatement, but no association with performance during extinction. A different pattern of associations was observed for a natural reward, in this case, water reinforcement. Here, the degree of novelty seeking also correlated with responding to water reinforcement and extinction responding; however, operant novelty seeking did not correlate with responding to water cues during testing of cue-induced reinstatement. Taken together, the incongruence of relationships indicates an underlying difference between natural and drug reinforcers. Conclusion In summary, we found a reinforcer-dependent relationship between operant novelty seeking (i.e., sensation seeking) and responsivity to extinction and discrete cues signaling availability for cocaine (i.e., craving), demonstrating the validity of the operant novelty seeking model to investigate drug seeking and relapse.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Primate Isolate of Kazachstania pintolopesii - Steve A. James; Aimee Parker; Catherine Purse; Andrea Telatin; David Baker; Rhiannon Evans; Sandy Holmes; Simon G. P. Funnell; Simon R. Carding (Mycopathologia, 2023)
Kazachstania pintolopesii is an opportunistic mammalian pathobiont from the K. telluris species complex. No draft genomes of this species are currently available. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of a primate isolate of K. pintolopesii (NCYC 4417).

Differential Expression of the β3 Subunit of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channel in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - Christina Kjær; Oana Palasca; Guido Barzaghi; Lasse K. Bak; Rúna K. J. Durhuus; Emil Jakobsen; Louise Pedersen; Emil D. Bartels; David P. D. Woldbye; Lars H. Pinborg; Lars Juhl Jensen (Molecular Neurobiology, 2023)
The purpose of this study was to identify and validate new putative lead drug targets in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) starting from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) previously identified in mTLE in humans by transcriptome analysis. We identified consensus DEGs among two independent mTLE transcriptome datasets and assigned them status as “lead target” if they (1) were involved in neuronal excitability, (2) were new in mTLE, and (3) were druggable. For this, we created a consensus DEG network in STRING and annotated it with information from the DISEASES database and the Target Central Resource Database (TCRD). Next, we attempted to validate lead targets using qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot on hippocampal and temporal lobe neocortical tissue from mTLE patients and non-epilepsy controls, respectively. Here we created a robust, unbiased list of 113 consensus DEGs starting from two lists of 3040 and 5523 mTLE significant DEGs, respectively, and identified five lead targets. Next, we showed that CACNB3, a voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel subunit, was significantly regulated in mTLE at both mRNA and protein level. Considering the key role of Ca 2+ currents in regulating neuronal excitability, this suggested a role for CACNB3 in seizure generation. This is the first time changes in CACNB3 expression have been associated with drug-resistant epilepsy in humans, and since efficient therapeutic strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant mTLE are lacking, our finding might represent a step toward designing such new treatment strategies.

Occupancy of acoustically tagged oceanic manta rays, Mobula birostris, in Bahia de Banderas, Mexico - P. Santiago Domínguez-Sánchez; Ana Širović; Iliana A. Fonseca-Ponce; Aldo A. Zavala-Jiménez; Robert D. Rubin; Katherine R. Kumli; James T. Ketchum; Felipe Galván-Magaña; R. J. David Wells; Joshua D. Stewart (Marine Biology, 2023)
The oceanic manta ray ( Mobula birostris ) is an endangered species commonly seen at oceanic islands and seamounts; however, seasonal aggregations have been described in highly productive, coastal areas. Oceanic manta rays are found in high numbers seasonally in Bahía de Banderas, Mexico, a unique nearshore aggregation site for the species. We used acoustic telemetry to examine the influence of environmental variables on the occurrence of 66 tagged oceanic manta rays over a seven-year period from 2015 to 2021. Seasonal trends in oceanic manta ray occurrence showed a peak in detections from January to March, and another peak from May to early October. Oceanic manta rays were present when the temperature ranged between 25 °C and 29 °C, the southward wind speeds ranged between 3 and 5 m s –1 , the westward wind speed between 2.5 and 4.5 m s –1 . Furthermore, oceanic manta rays’ presence was higher at high and low tides and when Chlorophyll-a values ranged between 2.5 and 7 mg m3-1. Results also suggest that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had a strong effect on oceanic manta ray presence in the bay, which is consistent with previous studies. The detections of oceanic manta rays in the south of the bay, were greater in the morning hours, suggesting that during the night they may move to deeper waters, similar to other reported studies of manta and devil rays. Our model suggested a tag retention time of 300 days. This study serves as a baseline for future management plans for the species to minimize impacts on this population from human activities occurring in close proximity to oceanic manta ray aggregation sites.

Segmentation of the Sumatran Fault Zone based on spatial variation of b-values - Ade S. Putra; David P. Sahara; Andri D. Nugraha; Nanang T. Puspito; Pepen Supendi; Nova Heryandoko (Journal of Seismology, 2023)

Rare variant modifier analysis identifies variants in SEC24D associated with orofacial cleft subtypes - Sarah W. Curtis; Jenna C. Carlson; Terri H. Beaty; Jeffrey C. Murray; Seth M. Weinberg; Mary L. Marazita; Justin L. Cotney; David J. Cutler; Michael P. Epstein; Elizabeth J. Leslie (Human Genetics, 2023)

Puma density, habitat use, and activity patterns across a mosaic landscape of ranches, game reserves, and a protected area in central Argentina - Juan I. Zanón Martínez; Esperanza C. Iranzo; Alejandro Travaini; David C. McNitt; Ana P. Mansilla; Romina Llanos; Marcella J. Kelly (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2023)

Mercury in Neotropical birds: a synthesis and prospectus on 13 years of exposure data - Christopher J. Sayers; David C. Evers; Viviana Ruiz-Gutierrez; Evan Adams; Claudia M. Vega; Jessica N. Pisconte; Vania Tejeda; Kevin Regan; Oksana P. Lane; Abidas A. Ash; Reynold Cal; Stevan Reneau; et al. (Ecotoxicology, 2023)
Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination of the global tropics outpaces our understanding of its consequences for biodiversity. Knowledge gaps of pollution exposure could obscure conservation threats in the Neotropics: a region that supports over half of the world’s species, but faces ongoing land-use change and Hg emission via artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Due to their global distribution and sensitivity to pollution, birds provide a valuable opportunity as bioindicators to assess how accelerating Hg emissions impact an ecosystem’s ability to support biodiversity, and ultimately, global health. We present the largest database on Neotropical bird Hg concentrations ( n = 2316) and establish exposure baselines for 322 bird species spanning nine countries across Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Patterns of avian Hg exposure in the Neotropics broadly align with those in temperate regions: consistent bioaccumulation across functional groups and high spatiotemporal variation. Bird species occupying higher trophic positions and aquatic habitats exhibited elevated Hg concentrations that have been previously associated with reductions in reproductive success. Notably, bird Hg concentrations were over four times higher at sites impacted by ASGM activities and differed by season for certain trophic niches. We developed this synthesis via a collaborative research network, the Tropical Research for Avian Conservation and Ecotoxicology (TRACE) Initiative, which exemplifies inclusive, equitable, and international data-sharing. While our findings signal an urgent need to assess sampling biases, mechanisms, and consequences of Hg exposure to tropical avian communities, the TRACE Initiative provides a meaningful framework to achieve such goals. Ultimately, our collective efforts support and inform local, scientific, and government entities, including Parties of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury, as we continue working together to understand how Hg pollution impacts biodiversity conservation, ecosystem function, and public health in the tropics.

Transcatheter Pulmonary Artery Banding in High-Risk Neonates: In-Vitro Study Provoked by Initial Clinical Experience - Shannen B. Kizilski; Dominic P. Recco; Francesca Sperotto; Nora Lang; Peter E. Hammer; Christopher W. Baird; Nicola Maschietto; David M. Hoganson (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2023)

The Effect of Species and Sex on the Element Content of Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and Caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) Tissues - David Miguel Ribeiro; Katrine Raundrup; Miguel P. Mourato; André M. Almeida (Biological Trace Element Research, 2023)
Muskox ( Ovibos moschatus ) and caribou ( Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus ) are wild ruminants that inhabit the Greenland tundra. They are part of the diet of many Greenlanders, being important sources of protein and micronutrients such as iron. The objective of this study is to analyse the element profiles of three tissues from these species: skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, and to determine if they are affected by species and sex (male vs. female). Samples were obtained from annual hunts in two different regions of West Greenland. Element profiles were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. The interaction between species and sex was only detected in Na (sodium) in the muscle and adipose tissue, where male and female caribou had the highest concentrations, respectively. The effect of sex was not statistically significant in the liver samples and only occasionally in the other tissues. Species was the most relevant factor in element profiles found in this study. Caribou had higher concentrations of K (potassium) and S (sulphur) in the muscle and liver. Fewer differences were detected between species in the adipose tissue, compared to the other tissues. These differences may reflect the feeding behaviour and the geographical location of both species. This study contributes to evaluate the element composition of the edible tissue of these wild ungulate species, as well as evaluating the factors of sex and species that could differentiate their composition.

Locally led adaptation: Promise, pitfalls, and possibilities - M. Feisal Rahman; Danielle Falzon; Stacy-ann Robinson; Laura Kuhl; Ross Westoby; Jessica Omukuti; E. Lisa F. Schipper; Karen E. McNamara; Bernadette P. Resurrección; David Mfitumukiza; Md. Nadiruzzaman (Ambio, 2023)
Locally led adaptation (LLA) has recently gained importance against top-down planning practices that often exclude the lived realities and priorities of local communities and create injustices at the local level. The promise of LLA is that adaptation would be defined, prioritised, designed, monitored, and evaluated by local communities themselves, enabling a shift in power to local stakeholders, resulting in more effective adaptation interventions. Critical reflections on the intersections of power and justice in LLA are, however, lacking. This article offers a nuanced understanding of the power and justice considerations required to make LLA useful for local communities and institutions, and to resolve the tensions between LLA and other development priorities. It also contributes to a further refinement of LLA methodologies and practices to better realise its promises. Ultimately, we argue that the utility of the LLA framing in promoting climate justice and empowering local actors needs to be tested empirically.

Whole genome assessment of a declining game bird reveals cryptic genetic structure and insights for population management - Leilton W. Luna; Lisa M. Williams; Kenneth Duren; Reina Tyl; David P. L. Toews; Julian D. Avery (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Population genomics applied to game species conservation can help delineate management units, ensure appropriate harvest levels and identify populations needing genetic rescue to safeguard their adaptive potential. The ruffed grouse ( Bonasa umbellus ) is rapidly declining in much of the eastern USA due to a combination of forest maturation and habitat fragmentation. More recently, mortality from West Nile Virus may have affected connectivity of local populations; however, genetic approaches have never explicitly investigated this issue. In this study, we sequenced 54 individual low‐coverage (~5X) grouse genomes to characterize population structure, assess migration rates across the landscape to detect potential barriers to gene flow and identify genomic regions with high differentiation. We identified two genomic clusters with no clear geographic correlation, with large blocks of genomic differentiation associated with chromosomes 4 and 20, likely due to chromosomal inversions. After excluding these putative inversions from the data set, we found weak but nonsignificant signals of population subdivision. Estimated gene flow revealed reduced rates of migration in areas with extensive habitat fragmentation and increased genetic connectivity in areas with less habitat fragmentation. Our findings provide a benchmark for wildlife managers to compare and scale the genetic diversity and structure of ruffed grouse populations in Pennsylvania and across the eastern USA, and we also reveal structural variation in the grouse genome that requires further study to understand its possible effects on individual fitness and population distribution.

Changes in oral health during aging in a novel non-human primate model - Parveez Ahamed Abdul-Azees; Hanzhou Wang; Yong-Hee P. Chun; Jason Pizzini; David D. Dean; Kelly R. Reveles; Milos Marinkovic; Xiao-Dong Chen; Adam B. Salmon; Chih-Ko Yeh (GeroScience, 2023)

Railway gravity retaining wall design using the flower pollination algorithm - Pengju Lyu; Qiang Luo; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly (Transportation Geotechnics, 2023)

Toxicity of fresh and aged anthropogenic smoke particles emitted from different burning conditions - Yong Ho Kim; Aditya Sinha; Ingrid J. George; David M. DeMarini; Andrew P. Grieshop; M. Ian Gilmour (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

A multistage model of preservation in fossil plants from the Llewellyn Formation (Pennsylvanian), St. Clair, Pennsylvania, U.S.A - Stephen P. Peterson; George H. Myer; Barbara S. Grandstaff; David E. Grandstaff (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2023)

Demonstration of large area land cover classification with a one dimensional convolutional neural network applied to single pixel temporal metric percentiles - Hankui K. Zhang; David P. Roy; Dong Luo (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The DYW domain of RARE1 plays an indispensable role in regulating accD-C794 RNA editing in Arabidopsis thaliana - Dan Liu; Zi-Ang Li; Yi Li; David P. Molloy; Chao Huang (Plant Science, 2023)

Phytoalexins of the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris: Structural profile and correlation with glucosinolate turnover - Pablo D. Cárdenas; Jonas P. Landtved; Signe H. Larsen; Nicolai Lindegaard; Sebastian Wøhlk; Karen R. Jensen; David I. Pattison; Meike Burow; Søren Bak; Christoph Crocoll; Niels Agerbirk (Phytochemistry, 2023)

The phylogenomic and biogeographic history of the gartersnakes, watersnakes, and allies (Natricidae: Thamnophiini) - Leroy P. Nuñez; Levi N. Gray; David W. Weisrock; Frank T. Burbrink (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Evolution of the Palaeozoic mafic-ultramafic Lizard Complex (SW England) from zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb-Hf isotopic constraints: New thoughts on the convergence of Avalonia and Armorica - Allen P. Nutman; Vickie C. Bennett; David H. Green; Clark R.L. Friend (Lithos, 2023)

The extent of buildings in wildland vegetation of the conterminous U.S. and the potential for conservation in and near National Forest private inholdings - Amanda R. Carlson; Volker C. Radeloff; David P. Helmers; Miranda H. Mockrin; Todd J. Hawbaker; Anna Pidgeon (Landscape and Urban Planning, 2023)

Increasing concentration of pure micro- and macro-LDPE and PP plastic negatively affect crop biomass, nutrient cycling, and microbial biomass - Martine Graf; Lucy M. Greenfield; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Gwion B. Williams; Charles Onyije; Charlotte E.M. Lloyd; Ian D. Bull; Richard P. Evershed; Peter N. Golyshin; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

The use of recycled rubber in ballasted railway tracks: A review - Weile Qiang; Guoqing Jing; David P. Connolly; Peyman Aela (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Training alternatives for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia caregivers: Assessing economic and environmental benefits of internet of health things - Abigail Gómez-Morales; David W. Coon; Allison Glinka; Robert Stirling; Teri Pipe; Rodney P. Joseph; Sergi Garcia-Segura (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Determining the sustainability of legal wildlife trade - Alice Hughes; Mark Auliya; Sandra Altherr; Brett Scheffers; Jordi Janssen; Vincent Nijman; Chris R. Shepherd; Neil D'Cruze; Emerson Sy; David P. Edwards (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Removal of NO at low concentrations from polluted air in semi-closed environments by activated biochars from renewables feedstocks - Carlos G. Díaz-Maroto; Ondřej Mašek; Patricia Pizarro; David P. Serrano; Inés Moreno; Javier Fermoso (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)