Living Shorelines Equal or Outperform Natural Shorelines as Fish Habitat Over Time: Updated Results from a Long-Term BACI Study at Multiple Sites - Carter S. Smith; David P. Kochan; Isabelle P. Neylan; Rachel K. Gittman (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)

Emigration of Juvenile Tarpon Megalops atlanticus from Ephemerally Connected Coastal Ponds - Matthew S. Bunting; Philip W. Stevens; David A. Blewett; Quenton M. Tuckett; Jeffrey E. Hill; Gregg R. Poulakis; Colin P. Shea; Courtney R. Saari (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Worldwide, coastal wetlands are threatened by disrupted hydrology, urbanization, and sea-level rise. In southwest Florida, coastal wetlands include tidal creeks and coastal ponds, which are the primary habitats used by juvenile Tarpon, Megalops atlanticus , an important sport fish. Coastal ponds can occur near uplands and are ephemerally connected to the open estuary, creating conditions of variable dissolved oxygen and salinity. Juveniles can tolerate wide-ranging abiotic conditions, but little is known about how they egress from their remote nursery habitats, which often requires them to cross > 1 km of mangrove forest to reach the open estuary. The objective of this study was to (1) compare Tarpon body condition among ponds close to the open estuary versus those ponds farther away on the Cape Haze peninsula of Charlotte Harbor, Florida, and (2) using acoustic telemetry determine what factors contribute to Tarpon emigration from the ponds to open estuarine waters. We tested the hypothesis that distinct groups of Tarpon occur in isolated ponds, leading to variation in fish length and body condition, and that opportunities for emigration from these ponds hinge on high water events. No pond stood out as having Tarpon of low body condition. Factors contributing to increased probabilities of Tarpon emigration were low barometric pressure, high-water level, and Tarpon body length. Tarpon emigrated from ponds near tidal creeks during summer king tides, while tropical cyclone conditions were needed to allow for movement from ponds farther in the landscape. The juvenile Tarpon were later detected at the mouths of large rivers 30 km up-estuary. The characterizations of water levels and event criteria needed for successful Tarpon nurseries should aid in habitat conservation and the creation of Tarpon nursery habitat in restoration designs.

Diel movement patterns in nominally nocturnal coral reef fishes (Haemulidae and Lutjanidae): Intra vs. Interspecific variation - William P. Collins; David R. Bellwood; Renato A. Morais; Nathan J. Waltham; Alexandre C. Siqueira (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Movement of animals, habitat connectivity, and nutrient transport are key elements in the ecological functioning of coral reef ecosystems. However, most studies have focused on the diurnal component of these aspects; nocturnal patterns are less known. Our study aims to address this knowledge gap by assessing diel movement patterns in ecologically and commercially important nocturnal coral reef fishes. We evaluate 122-days of acoustic telemetry data from 4 nocturnal species in 2 coral reef fish families (Haemulidae and Lutjanidae) on the Great Barrier Reef. For all species, we found a clear division between daytime resting areas on the reef and a move towards off-reef areas at night. This was highlighted in the low number of detections at night and the high average transitions between receivers at twilight. Over our study period, average nocturnal space use area (minimum convex polygon) of Plectorhincus gibbosus was 328,089 m 2 , Plectorhincus lineatus 28,828 m 2 , and Lutjanus carponotatus 20,369 m 2 . However, results from a Principal Component Analysis revealed that space use, and movement, varied substantially within species; for 3 of the 4 species the main axis of variation correlated with individual-level behaviour. These large differences in individual space use patterns highlight the need for caution when using species averages when considering ecosystem functions. Overall, our preliminary observations provide a glimpse into the large spatial extent, potential habitat connectivity, and intra and interspecific variation in activity patterns among large nocturnal Indo-Pacific reef fishes. This highlights their potential importance in maintaining ecosystem links between coral reefs and adjacent habitats.

Benchtop Flow Stasis Quantification: In Vitro Methods and In Vivo Possibilities - Vahid Sadri; Prem A. Midha; Immanuel David Madukauwa-David; Norihiko Kamioka; Phillip M. Trusty; Priya J. Nair; Samuel Cohen; Vrishank Raghav; Rahul Sharma; Vasilis Babaliaros; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2024)

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus equi isolated from horses in Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil - Roberta F. Veiga; Luiza N. Clarindo; Arthur L. Fensterseifer; Luis H. Pompelli; Ricardo A. P. Sfaciotte; David Germano G. Schwarz; Lidiane R. Eloy; Sandra M. Ferraz (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2024)

Resource-efficiency of cyanobacterium production on Mars: Assessment and paths forward - Tiago P. Ramalho; Vincent Baumgartner; Nils Kunst; David Rodrigues; Emma Bohuon; Basile Leroy; Guillaume Pillot; Christiane Heinicke; Sven Kerzenmacher; Marc Avila; Cyprien Verseux (Algal Research, 2024)

Development of a Simple Analytical Model to Facilitate Preoperative Surgical Planning in Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement - Dominic P. Recco; Shannen B. Kizilski; Wen Zhang; Nicholas E. Kneier; Patrick D. Earley; David M. Hoganson; Christopher W. Baird; Peter E. Hammer (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Forward‐in‐time simulation of chromosomal rearrangements: The invisible backbone that sustains long‐term adaptation - Paul Banse; Juliette Luiselli; David P. Parsons; Théotime Grohens; Marco Foley; Leonardo Trujillo; Jonathan Rouzaud‐Cornabas; Carole Knibbe; Guillaume Beslon (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
While chromosomal rearrangements are ubiquitous in all domains of life, very little is known about their evolutionary significance, mostly because, apart from a few specifically studied and well‐documented mechanisms (interaction with recombination, gene duplication, etc.), very few models take them into account. As a consequence, we lack a general theory to account for their direct and indirect contributions to evolution. Here, we propose Aevol, a forward‐in‐time simulation platform specifically dedicated to unravelling the evolutionary significance of chromosomal rearrangements (CR) compared to local mutations (LM). Using the platform, we evolve populations of organisms in four conditions characterized by an increasing diversity of mutational operators—from substitutions alone to a mix of substitutions, InDels and CR—but with a constant global mutational rate. Despite being almost invisible in the phylogeny owing to the scarcity of their fixation in the lineages, we show that CR make a decisive contribution to the evolutionary dynamics by comparing the outcome in these four conditions. As expected, chromosomal rearrangements allow fast expansion of the gene repertoire through gene duplication, but they also reduce the effect of diminishing‐returns epistasis, hence sustaining adaptation on the long‐run. At last, we show that chromosomal rearrangements tightly regulate the size of the genome through indirect selection for reproductive robustness. Overall, these results confirm the need to improve our theoretical understanding of the contribution of chromosomal rearrangements to evolution and show that dedicated platforms like Aevol can efficiently contribute to this agenda.

Coefficients in Taylor's law increase with the time scale of water clarity measurements in a global suite of lakes - Max R. Glines; Renata C. H. Amancio; Mikkel René Andersen; Helen Baulch; Ludmila S. Brighenti; Hannah E. Chmiel; Joel E. Cohen; Elvira de Eyto; Oxana Erina; Heidrun Feuchtmayr; Giovanna Flaim; Andrea Giudici; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Identifying the scaling rules describing ecological patterns across time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Taylor's law of fluctuation scaling, which states that the variance of a population's size or density is proportional to a positive power of the mean size or density, has been widely observed in population dynamics and characterizes variability in multiple scientific domains. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon accurately describes ecological patterns across many orders of magnitude in time, and therefore links otherwise disparate observations. Here, we use water clarity observations from 10,531 days of high‐frequency measurements in 35 globally distributed lakes, and lower‐frequency measurements over multiple decades from 6342 lakes to test this unknown. We focus on water clarity as an integrative ecological characteristic that responds to both biotic and abiotic drivers. We provide the first documentation that variations in ecological measurements across diverse sites and temporal scales exhibit variance patterns consistent with Taylor's law, and that model coefficients increase in a predictable yet non‐linear manner with decreasing observation frequency. This discovery effectively links high‐frequency sensor network observations with long‐term historical monitoring records, thereby affording new opportunities to understand and predict ecological dynamics on time scales from days to decades.

Territory Sizes and Patterns of Habitat Use by Forest Birds Over Five Decades: Ideal Free or Ideal Despotic? - Miranda B. Zammarelli; Matthew P. Ayres; Hannah M. ter Hofstede; David A. Lutz; Richard T. Holmes (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Relations among territoriality, abundance and habitat suitability are fundamental to the ecology of many animal populations. Theory suggests two classes of possible responses to increasing abundance in territorial species: (1) the ideal free distribution (IFD), which predicts smaller territory sizes and decreased fitness as individuals adaptively pack into suitable habitats, and (2) the ideal despotic distribution (IDD), which predicts stable territory sizes and fitness in preferred habitats for dominant individuals and increased use of marginal habitats, reduced fitness and changes in territory sizes for subordinate individuals. We analysed the territory sizes and locations of seven migratory songbird species occupying a 10‐ha plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA over a 52‐year period. Species varied in abundance over years from twofold to 22‐fold, and all species displayed clear patterns of habitat preference within the study plot. Consistent with IFD, and contrary to IDD, territory sizes decreased with local abundance for all species, irrespective of habitat preferences. There was at least a twofold variation in territory size within years. Conformity of territory size to predictions of the IFD argues for the efficacy of territorial defence in songbirds and has general consequences for population dynamics.

Mesopredator release moderates trophic control of plant biomass in a Georgia salt marsh - Joseph P. Morton; Marc J. S. Hensel; David S. DeLaMater; Christine Angelini; Rebecca L. Atkins; Kimberly D. Prince; Sydney L. Williams; Anjali D. Boyd; Jennifer Parsons; Emlyn J. Resetarits; Carter S. Smith; Stephanie Valdez; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Predators regulate communities through top‐down control in many ecosystems. Because most studies of top‐down control last less than a year and focus on only a subset of the community, they may miss predator effects that manifest at longer timescales or across whole food webs. In southeastern US salt marshes, short‐term and small‐scale experiments indicate that nektonic predators (e.g., blue crab, fish, terrapins) facilitate the foundational grass, Spartina alterniflora , by consuming herbivorous snails and crabs. To test both how nekton affect marsh processes when the entire animal community is present, and how prior results scale over time, we conducted a 3‐year nekton exclusion experiment in a Georgia salt marsh using replicated 19.6 m 2 plots. Our nekton exclusions increased densities of plant‐grazing snails and juvenile deposit‐feeding fiddler crab and, in Year 2, reduced predation on tethered juvenile snails, indicating that nektonic predators control these key macroinvertebrates. However, in Year 3, densities of mesopredatory benthic mud crabs increased threefold in nekton exclusions, erasing the tethered snails' predation refuge. Nekton exclusion had no effect on Spartina biomass, likely because the observed mesopredator release suppressed grazing snail densities and elevated densities of fiddler crabs, whose burrowing alleviates soil stresses. Structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses that nektonic predators and mesopredators control invertebrate communities, with nektonic predators having stronger total effects on Spartina than mud crabs by controlling densities of species that both suppress (grazers) and facilitate (fiddler crabs) plant growth. These findings highlight that salt marshes can be resilient to multiyear reductions in nektonic predators if mesopredators are present and that multiple pathways of trophic control manifest in different ways over time to mediate community dynamics. These results highlight that larger scale and longer‐term experiments can illuminate community dynamics not previously understood, even in well‐studied ecosystems such as salt marshes.

Resting in plain sight: Dormancy ecology of the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma haematobium - Naima C. Starkloff; Moses P. Mahalila; Safari Kinung'hi; David J. Civitello (Ecology, 2024)

Oxygen optodes on oceanographic moorings: recommendations for deployment and in situ calibration - Una Kim Miller; Kristen E. Fogaren; Dariia Atamanchuk; Clare Johnson; Jannes Koelling; Isabela Le Bras; Margaret Lindeman; Hiroki Nagao; David P. Nicholson; Hilary Palevsky; Ellen Park; Meg Yoder; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Increasing interest in the deployment of optical oxygen sensors, or optodes, on oceanographic moorings reflects the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in studies of physical and biogeochemical processes. Optodes are well-suited for moored applications but require careful, multi-step calibrations in the field to ensure data accuracy. Without a standardized set of protocols, this can be an obstacle for science teams lacking expertise in optode data processing and calibration. Here, we provide a set of recommendations for the deployment and in situ calibration of data from moored optodes, developed from our experience working with a set of 60 optodes deployed as part of the Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP). In particular, we detail the correction of drift in moored optodes, which occurs in two forms: (i) an irreversible, time-dependent drift that occurs during both optode storage and deployment and (ii) a reversible and pressure-and-time-dependent drift that is detectable in some optodes deployed at depths greater than 1,000 m. The latter is virtually unidentified in the literature yet appears to cause a low-bias in measured DO on the order of 1 to 3 µ mol kg −1 per 1,000 m of depth, appearing as an exponential decay over the first days to months of deployment. Comparisons of our calibrated DO time series against serendipitous mid-deployment conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD)-DO profiles, as well as biogeochemical (BGC)-ARGO float profiles, suggest the protocols described here yield an accuracy in optode-DO of ∼1%, or approximately 2.5 to 3 µ mol kg −1 . We intend this paper to serve as both documentation of the current best practices in the deployment of moored optodes as well as a guide for science teams seeking to collect high-quality moored oxygen data, regardless of expertise.

Stable isotopic composition of tissues and shells in the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in estuarine and aquaculture settings - Melita Peharda; Daria Ezgeta-Balić; David P. Gillikin; Hana Uvanović; Jasna Arapov; Anouk Verheyden (Aquaculture, 2024)

Water-level changes impact angler effort in a large lake: Implications for climate change - Matthew L. Maldonado; Taufique H. Mahmood; David P. Coulter; Alison A. Coulter; Steve R. Chipps; Maddy K. Siller; Michaela L. Neal; Ayon Saha; Mark A. Kaemingk (Fisheries Research, 2024)

V-ToCs (Venom Toxin Clustering): A tool for the investigation of sequence and structure similarities in snake venom toxins - Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos; Vlad Rosca; Carol O'Brien; Charlotte Risager Christensen; Rahmat Grahadi; Christoffer Vinther Sørensen; Max D. Overath; Diego Ruiz Espi; David E. Jenkins; Ulrich auf dem Keller; Andreas H. Laustsen; Thomas J. Fryer; et al. (Toxicon, 2024)

Effects of climate warming on energetics and habitat of the world's largest marine ectotherm - Samantha D. Reynolds; Craig E. Franklin; Bradley M. Norman; Anthony J. Richardson; Jason D. Everett; David S. Schoeman; Craig R. White; Christopher L. Lawson; Simon J. Pierce; Christoph A. Rohner; Steffen S. Bach; Francesco G. Comezzi; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Estimating rates of change to interpret quantitative wastewater surveillance of disease trends - David A. Holcomb; Ariel Christensen; Kelly Hoffman; Allison Lee; A. Denene Blackwood; Thomas Clerkin; Javier Gallard-Góngora; Angela Harris; Nadine Kotlarz; Helena Mitasova; Stacie Reckling; Francis L. de los Reyes; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Anatomopathological characterization of hepatic lesions of feline infectious peritonitis in cats - Fernanda G. Cony; Vanessa C. Pereira; Mônica Slaviero; Rafael P. Lima; Lucas T. de Castro; José T.R. de Moraes; João M.G. Aliardi; David Driemeier; Luciana Sonne; Welden Panziera; Saulo P. Pavarini (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2024)

Hyperkeratotic gastritis in two-toed sloths (Choloepus didactylus) from wildlife rescue - Washington A. Pereira; David F. Conga; Antônio M. Costa; Adriana C. Jaques; Alexsandro P. Damasceno; Samara C. Loura; Pedro H. Portela; Andressa B. Menezes; Ana S. Ribeiro (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2024)

Land tenure and human disturbance influence the current distribution of aboveground biomass in Sri Lankan rainforest fragments - David J. Woodbury; Harsha Jayawickrama; Meredith P. Martin; Sisira Ediriweera; Mark S. Ashton (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Enhancing food preservation and safety: Synergistic effects of Allium-derived organosulfur compounds and outer membrane permeabilization peptide L-11 - Juan José Ariza; J. David García-López; María Arántzazu Aguinaga-Casañas; Alberto Baños; Federico García; Oscar P. Kuipers; Rubén Cebrián (Food Control, 2024)

Lead content in cinnamon and its health risk assessment for Ecuadorian consumers - Gabriela S. Yánez-Jácome; David Romero-Estévez; Ana P. Rosero-Jácome; Isabel Cipriani-Avila; Hugo Navarrete; Pamela Y. Vélez-Terreros (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

PM2.5 and its components and respiratory disease healthcare encounters – Unanticipated increased exposure-response relationships in recent years after environmental policies - Shao Lin; Yukang Xue; Sathvik Thandra; Quan Qi; Philip K. Hopke; Sally W. Thurston; Daniel P. Croft; Mark J. Utell; David Q. Rich (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Arctic Alaska deepwater organic carbon burial and environmental changes during the late Albian–early Campanian (103–82 Ma) - Richard O. Lease; Katherine J. Whidden; Julie A. Dumoulin; David W. Houseknecht; Palma J. Botterell; Mark F. Dreier; Neil P. Griffis; Roland Mundil; Andrew R.C. Kylander-Clark; Margaret M. Sanders; John W. Counts; Jean M. Self-Trail; et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

Cave monitoring in the Peruvian Andes reveals monsoon climate preserved in speleothem calcite - Elizabeth Olson; David P. Gillikin; Laura Piccirillo; Anouk Verheyden; Alexander Forsyth; Kirsten Litchfield; Hailey Stoltenberg; Avery Clavel; Maryam Ramjohn; Saliha Nazir; Pedro M. Tapia; Dylan Parmenter; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2024)

Stable carbon isotopes in scallop shells: A proxy of Antarctic sea-ice persistence - Kelly E. Cronin; David P. Gillikin; Sally E. Walker; Emma Puhalski; Steve Camarra; C. Fred T. Andrus; Alberto Perez-Huerta; Anouk Verheyden; Samuel S. Bowser (Chemical Geology, 2024)

Association of genetic variants in CYP3A5, DRD2 and NK1R with opioid overdose - Joshua Lambert; Dan Petrovitch; Katie P. Himes; Caroline E. Freiermuth; Robert S. Braun; Jennifer L. Brown; Jason J. Bischof; Michael S. Lyons; Brittany E. Punches; Andrew K. Littlefield; David F. Kisor; Jon E. Sprague (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2024)

The BirdLife Seabird Tracking Database: 20 years of collaboration for marine conservation - Ana P.B. Carneiro; Maria P. Dias; Bethany L. Clark; Elizabeth J. Pearmain; Jonathan Handley; Amy R. Hodgson; John P. Croxall; Richard A. Phillips; Steffen Oppel; Joanne M. Morten; Ben Lascelles; Cleo Cunningham; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Accounting for multiple uncertainties in a decision-support population viability assessment - Erica M. Christensen; Abigail J. Lawson; Erin Rivenbark; Paula K. London; David Castellanos; Jan C. Culbertson; Stephanie M. DeMay; Carly Eakin; Luke S. Pearson; Karen Soileau; Hardin Waddle; Conor P. McGowan (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Evaluation of extreme precipitation events as simulated by CMIP6 models over Central Africa: Spatial patterns - Crépin K. Komelo; Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo; Zakariahou Ngavom; Abdon K. Dessacka; Thierry N. Taguela; Zéphirin D. Yepdo; Jean P. Nghonda; Arona Diedhiou; David Monkam; Clément Tchawoua (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2024)

Correction: Prey targeted by lactating Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in Erebus Bay, Antarctica - Rose T. N. Foster-Dyer; Kimberly T. Goetz; Takashi Iwata; Rachel R. Holser; Sarah A. Michael; Craig Pritchard; Simon Childerhouse; Daniel P. Costa; David G. Ainley; Matthew H. Pinkerton; Michelle A. LaRue (Polar Biology, 2024)

Prey targeted by lactating Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in Erebus Bay, Antarctica - Rose T. N. Foster-Dyer; Kimberly T. Goetz; Takashi Iwata; Rachel R. Holser; Sarah A. Michael; Craig Pritchard; Simon Childerhouse; Daniel P. Costa; David G. Ainley; Matthew H. Pinkerton; Michelle A. LaRue (Polar Biology, 2024)
Female Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) display a mixed capital-income breeding strategy, losing up to 40% of their body mass between birthing and weaning their pups. How and when they regain energy stores, however, remains to be fully explored. To better understand the foraging by lactating Weddell seals, we fitted time-depth recorders and head-mounted cameras on 26 seals in Erebus Bay, Ross Sea, for ~ 5 days in November and December 2018 and 2019. We aimed to (1) identify prey species and foraging depth and (2) investigate relationships between seal physiology and demographics and probability of foraging. We recorded 2782 dives, 903 of which were > 50 m, maximum depth was 449.3 m and maximum duration was 31.1 min. Pup age likely contributes to the probability of a lactating Weddell seal foraging (Est. = 1.21 (SD = 0.61), z = 1.97, p = 0.0484). Among 846 prey encounters, the most frequent prey items were crustaceans (46.2%) and Antarctic silverfish ( Pleuragramma antarcticum , 19.0%); two encounters were observed with juvenile Antarctic toothfish ( Dissostichus mawsoni , 0.2%). We identified substantial variability in foraging behaviour, individually and between locations, and found that lactating seals target many species and some may specialise on certain prey groups.

Juvenile-related tolerance to papaya sticky disease (PSD): proteomic, ultrastructural, and physiological events - Silas P. Rodrigues; Eduardo de A. Soares; Tathiana F. Sá Antunes; Marlonni Maurastoni; Leidy J. Madroñero; Sabrina G. Broetto; Lucas E. C. Nunes; Brunno R. F. Verçoza; David S. Buss; Diolina M. Silva; Juliany C. F. Rodrigues; José A. Ventura; et al. (Plant Cell Reports, 2024)

Genome-wide study of gene-by-sex interactions identifies risks for cleft palate - Kelsey Robinson; Randy Parrish; Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo; Terri H. Beaty; Azeez Butali; Carmen J. Buxó; Lord J. J. Gowans; Jacqueline T. Hecht; Lina Moreno Uribe; Jeffrey C. Murray; Gary M. Shaw; Seth M. Weinberg; et al. (Human Genetics, 2024)

Machine learning predicts peak oxygen uptake and peak power output for customizing cardiopulmonary exercise testing using non-exercise features - Charlotte Wenzel; Thomas Liebig; Adrian Swoboda; Rika Smolareck; Marit L. Schlagheck; David Walzik; Andreas Groll; Richie P. Goulding; Philipp Zimmer (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)
Purpose Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. To ensure consistent performance of each test, it is necessary to adapt the power increase of the test protocol to the physical characteristics of each individual. This study aimed to use machine learning models to determine individualized ramp protocols based on non-exercise features. We hypothesized that machine learning models will predict peak oxygen uptake ( $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O 2peak ) and peak power output (PPO) more accurately than conventional multiple linear regression (MLR). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 274 (♀168, ♂106) participants who performed CPET on a cycle ergometer. Machine learning models and multiple linear regression were used to predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O 2peak and PPO using non-exercise features. The accuracy of the models was compared using criteria such as root mean square error (RMSE). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was applied to determine the feature importance. Results The most accurate machine learning model was the random forest (RMSE: 6.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI 5.21–8.17]) for $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O 2peak prediction and the gradient boosting regression (RMSE: 43watts [95% CI 35–52]) for PPO prediction. Compared to the MLR, the machine learning models reduced the RMSE by up to 28% and 22% for prediction of $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O 2peak and PPO, respectively. Furthermore, SHAP ranked body composition data such as skeletal muscle mass and extracellular water as the most impactful features. Conclusion Machine learning models predict $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O 2peak and PPO more accurately than MLR and can be used to individualize CPET protocols. Features that provide information about the participant's body composition contribute most to the improvement of these predictions. Trial registration number DRKS00031401 (6 March 2023, retrospectively registered).

Correction to: Clinical impact and cost-consequence analysis of ePlex® blood culture identification panels for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections: a single-center randomized controlled trial - Yvan Caspar; A. Deves; C. Richarme; M. Le Marechal; L. Ponderand; A.-L. Mounayar; S. Lejeune; J. Arata-Bardet; M. Gallouche; C. Recule; D. Maubon; C. Garnaud; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)

Bioactivity of Amphidinol-Containing Extracts of Amphidinium carterae Grown Under Varying Cultivation Conditions - Maria Elena Barone; Elliot Murphy; David Fierli; Floriana Campanile; Gerard T. A. Fleming; Olivier P. Thomas; Nicolas Touzet (Current Microbiology, 2024)

An Overview of Tsetse Fly Repellents: Identification and Applications - Olabimpe Y. Orubuloye; Njelembo J. Mbewe; David P. Tchouassi; Abdullahi A. Yusuf; Christian W. W. Pirk; Baldwyn Torto (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2024)
Tsetse flies are vectors of the parasite trypanosoma that cause the neglected tropical diseases human and animal African trypanosomosis. Semiochemicals play important roles in the biology and ecology of tsetse flies. Previous reviews have focused on olfactory-based attractants of tsetse flies. Here, we present an overview of the identification of repellents and their development into control tools for tsetse flies. Both natural and synthetic repellents have been successfully tested in laboratory and field assays against specific tsetse fly species. Thus, these repellents presented as innovative mobile tools offer opportunities for their use in integrated disease management strategies.

Polymer Beads Increase Field Responses to Host Attractants in the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti - Elizabeth F. Adhiambo; Louis-Clement Gouagna; Eunice A. Owino; Francis Mutuku; Merid N. Getahun; Baldwyn Torto; David P. Tchouassi (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2024)

Large-scale serial replacement of invasive tench (Tinca tinca) by invasive carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the presence of redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Murray-Darling River system, Australia - Matthew P. Hill; Peter Caley; Ivor Stuart; Richard P. Duncan; David M. Forsyth (Biological Invasions, 2024)
Ecosystems worldwide are increasingly being invaded by multiple species, and the rate of biological invasion is accelerating, leading to more interactions among invasive species. One such interaction that has received little attention is the phenomenon of ‘serial replacement’ or ‘over-invasion’, where an established invasive species is supplanted by a second invasive species. Understanding this interaction is important as controlling the second species could inadvertently lead to an increase in the abundance of the first species. We used a hierarchical state-space model to analyse changes in annual abundances (commercial catch-per-unit-effort) of three invasive fish species, tench ( Tinca tinca ), common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) and redfin perch ( Perca fluviatilis ), in the Murray-Darling River system (MDRS), Australia between 1954–2002. Tench were present at low abundances until the mid-1970 s, before declining to the point of no commercial catch post-1989. This rapid decline coincided with a significant increase in carp abundance, suggesting that carp may have driven the tench decline through habitat modification (particularly the destruction of aquatic plants), consistent with findings from European studies that show the disappearance of tench from ponds with intensive carp farming. Redfin perch populations, were inferred to be much less impacted by the invading carp population. While carp were present in the MDRS for the duration of the study, the rapid increase in carp abundance in the early 1970 s coincided with the introduction of a specific genetic lineage—the “Boolarra strain”. Our analysis provides compelling evidence of serial replacement of long-established tench by invading common carp triggered by the introduction of a novel carp strain.

Discovery of Knock‐Down Resistance in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus - Joel O. Odero; Tristan P. W. Dennis; Brian Polo; Joachim Nwezeobi; Marilou Boddé; Sanjay C. Nagi; Anastasia Hernandez‐Koutoucheva; Ismail H. Nambunga; Hamis Bwanary; Gustav Mkandawile; Nicodem J. Govella; Emmanuel W. Kaindoa; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
A major insecticide resistance mechanism in insect pests is knock‐down resistance ( kdr ) caused by mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel ( Vgsc ) gene. Despite being common in most malaria Anopheles vector species, kdr mutations have never been observed in Anopheles funestus , the principal malaria vector in Eastern and Southern Africa, with resistance mainly being conferred by detoxification enzymes. In a parallel study, we monitored 10 populations of An . funestus in Tanzania for insecticide resistance unexpectedly identified resistance to a banned insecticide, DDT, in the Morogoro region. Through whole‐genome sequencing of 333 An . funestus samples from these populations, we found eight novel amino acid substitutions in the Vgsc gene, including the kdr variant, L976F (equivalent to L995F in An . gambiae ), in tight linkage disequilibrium with another (P1842S). The mutants were found only at high frequency in one region and were accompanied by weak signatures of a selective sweep, with a significant decline between 2017 and 2023. Notably, kdr L976F was strongly associated with survivorship to exposure to DDT insecticide, while no clear association was noted with a pyrethroid insecticide (deltamethrin). The WHO prequalifies no DDT products for vector control, and the chemical is banned in Tanzania. Widespread DDT contamination and a legacy of extensive countrywide stockpiles may have selected for this mutation. Continued monitoring is necessary to understand the origin of kdr in An . funestus , and the threat posed to insecticide‐based vector control in Africa.

Projected changes in mangrove distribution and vegetation structure under climate change in the southeastern United States - Rémi Bardou; Michael J. Osland; Jahson B. Alemu; Laura C. Feher; David P. Harlan; Steven B. Scyphers; Christine C. Shepard; Savannah H. Swinea; Kalaina Thorne; Jill E. Andrew; A. Randall Hughes (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim The climate change‐induced transition from grass‐dominated marshes to woody‐plant‐dominated mangrove forests has the potential to impact the ecosystem goods and services provided by coastal wetlands. To better anticipate and prepare for these impacts, there is a need to advance understanding of future changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structural properties due to warming winters. Location Southeastern United States. Time Period Recent (1981–2010) and future (2071–2100). Major Taxa Studied Coastal wetland vegetation. Methods We estimated changes in mangrove distribution and coastal wetland vegetation structure using known climate‐ecological relationships, recent climate data for the period 1981–2010, and future projected climate data for the period 2071–2100. We quantified potential changes in mangrove presence, mangrove relative abundance, coastal wetland vegetation height, and coastal wetland vegetation aboveground biomass under two Shared Socio‐Economic Pathway scenarios (SSPs; SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5), which correspond to intermediate and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, respectively. Results Our analyses indicate that mangrove presence and relative abundance will dramatically increase in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the southeast Atlantic coast of the United States, particularly under the high emissions scenario. Because of the higher stature of mangroves relative to salt marsh vegetation, this expansion will cause a transformative change in coastal wetland vegetation height and aboveground biomass in many areas. However, along the arid southern Texas coast, low precipitation and high salinities are expected to constrain mangrove expansion and growth. Main Conclusions Our results show where and to what extent climate change, in the form of winter temperature warming, is projected to enable the transition from shorter, grass‐dominated salt marshes to taller, woody plant‐dominated mangrove forests in the southeastern United States, with consequent impacts on ecosystem goods and services.

Holobiont Traits Shape Climate Change Responses in Cryptic Coral Lineages - Carsten G. B. Grupstra; Kirstin S. Meyer‐Kaiser; Matthew‐James Bennett; Maikani O. Andres; David J. Juszkiewicz; James E. Fifer; Jeric P. Da‐Anoy; Kelly Gomez‐Campo; Isabel Martinez‐Rugerio; Hannah E. Aichelman; Alexa K. Huzar; Annabel M. Hughes; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
As ocean warming threatens reefs worldwide, identifying corals with adaptations to higher temperatures is critical for conservation. Genetically distinct but morphologically similar (i.e. cryptic) coral populations can be specialized to extreme habitats and thrive under stressful conditions. These corals often associate with locally beneficial microbiota (Symbiodiniaceae photobionts and bacteria), obscuring the main drivers of thermal tolerance. Here, we leverage a holobiont (massive Porites ) with high fidelity for C15 photobionts to investigate adaptive variation across classic (“typical” conditions) and extreme reefs characterized by higher temperatures and light attenuation. We uncovered three cryptic lineages that exhibit limited micro‐morphological variation; one lineage dominated classic reefs (L1), one had more even distributions (L2), and a third was restricted to extreme reefs (L3). L1 and L2 were more closely related to populations ~4300 km away, suggesting that some lineages are widespread. All corals harbored Cladocopium C15 photobionts; L1 and L2 shared a photobiont pool that differed in composition between reef types, yet L3 mostly harbored unique photobiont strains not found in the other lineages. Assemblages of bacterial partners differed among reef types in lineage‐specific ways, suggesting that lineages employ distinct microbiome regulation strategies. Analysis of light‐harvesting capacity and thermal tolerance revealed adaptive variation underpinning survival in distinct habitats: L1 had the highest light absorption efficiency and lowest thermal tolerance, suggesting that it is a classic reef specialist. L3 had the lowest light absorption efficiency and the highest thermal tolerance, showing that it is an extreme reef specialist. L2 had intermediate light absorption efficiency and thermal tolerance, suggesting that is a generalist lineage. These findings reveal diverging holobiont strategies to cope with extreme conditions. Resolving coral lineages is key to understanding variation in thermal tolerance among coral populations, can strengthen our understanding of coral evolution and symbiosis, and support global conservation and restoration efforts.

Ephemeral river islands serve as roosting and foraging habitat for boreal and austral migratory songbirds - Valentina Gómez‐Bahamón; José D. Femayor‐Pérez; Riquelme Durán; Santiago J. Monroy‐García; Nairo Gutiérrez; David Ricardo Caro‐R; Kevin J. Kardynal; David P. L. Toews; Nicholas Bayly (Ecology, 2024)

Complementary value of molecular, phenotypic, and functional aging biomarkers in dementia prediction - Andreas Engvig; Karl Trygve Kalleberg; Lars T. Westlye; Esten Høyland Leonardsen; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for differentiating cognitively normal controls (CN) from dementia patients in a held-out test set. When combined with clinical biomarkers (apolipoprotein E ε4 allele count, memory, executive function), a model including aBA and aFI predicted 5-year dementia risk among MCI patients with an out-of-sample AUC of 0.88. In the prognostic model, BA and FI offered complementary value (both β s 0.50). The tested MAs did not improve predictions. Results were consistent across FI algorithms, with data-driven health deficit selection yielding the best performance. FI had a stronger adverse effect on prognosis in males, while BA’s impact was greater in females. Our findings highlight the complementary value of BA and FI in dementia prediction. The results support a multidimensional view of dementia, including an intertwined relationship between the biomarkers, sex, and prognosis. The tested MA’s limited contribution suggests caution in their use for individual risk assessment of dementia.

Sub-window inference: A novel approach for improved sheep counting in high-density aerial images - David R. Biggs; Rensu P. Theart; Kristiaan Schreve (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024)

Has climate change over the last ten years caused a banalisation of diatom communities in Cypriot streams? - Marco Cantonati; David G. Armanini; Daniele Demartini; Athina Papatheodoulou; Olena P. Bilous; Federica Colombo; Nicola Angeli; Rosalina Stancheva; Gerald Dörflinger; Kalina M. Manoylov (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Hydrochars derived from real organic wastes as carbonaceous precursors of activated carbons for the removal of NO from contaminated gas streams - Carlos G. Díaz-Maroto; Francisco Verdugo; Jose Fermoso; Patricia Pizarro; David P. Serrano; Inés Moreno; Javier Fermoso (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Comparing levoglucosan and mannosan ratios in sediments and corresponding aerosols from recent Australian fires - Harrison Stevens; Leon A. Barmuta; Zanna Chase; Krystyna M. Saunders; Atun Zawadzki; Andrew R. Bowie; Morgane M.G. Perron; Estrella Sanz Rodriguez; Brett Paull; David P. Child; Michael A.C. Hotchkis; Bernadette C. Proemse (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

The ADnet Bayesian belief network for alder decline: Integrating empirical data and expert knowledge - Inês Gomes Marques; Cristina Vieites-Blanco; Patricia M. Rodríguez-González; Pedro Segurado; Marlene Marques; Maria J. Barrento; Maria R. Fernandes; Arthur Cupertino; Helena Almeida; Idoia Biurrun; Tamara Corcobado; Filipe Costa e Silva; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Combination and summary of ATLAS dark matter searches interpreted in a 2HDM with a pseudo-scalar mediator using 139 fb−1 of s = 13 TeV pp collision data - G. Aad; B. Abbott; K. Abeling; N.J. Abicht; S.H. Abidi; A. Aboulhorma; H. Abramowicz; H. Abreu; Y. Abulaiti; A.C. Abusleme Hoffman; B.S. Acharya; C. Adam Bourdarios; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2024)

Chalcone dimers from Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae) and their biological activities - Eliezer P. da Silva; Jorge M. David; Juceni P. David; Clayton Q. Alves; Bruno O. Moreira (Phytochemistry Letters, 2024)

Georectifying drone image data over water surfaces without fixed ground control: Methodology, uncertainty assessment and application over an estuarine environment - Jennifer Watts; Thomas Holding; Karen Anderson; Thomas G. Bell; Bertrand Chapron; Craig Donlon; Fabrice Collard; Neill Wood; David Walker; Leon DeBell; James P. Duffy; Jamie Shutler (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2024)

Impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed consumption on endocrine changes associated with intake regulation and post-absorptive metabolism in growing steers - Mindy E. King; Hannah M. Herzing; Kyle R. McLeod; James L. Klotz; Andrew P. Foote; J. Lannett Edwards; David L. Harmon (Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2024)

Synthesis of dihydrocarvone over dendritic ZSM-5 Zeolite: A comprehensive study of experimental, kinetics, and computational insights - Luis A. Gallego-Villada; Wander Y. Perez-Sena; Julián E. Sánchez-Velandia; Jennifer Cueto; María del Mar Alonso-Doncel; Johan Wärmå; Päivi Mäki-Arvela; Edwin A. Alarcón; David P. Serrano; Dmitry Yu. Murzin (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

A framework for optimising opportunistic collaborative syntheses to propel ecological conservation - Ana M.M. Sequeira; Amanda E. Bates; Graeme Hays; David W. Sims; Samantha Andrzejaczek; Asta Audzijonyte; Julia K. Baum; Martin Beal; Barbara Block; Joshua Cinner; Kaitlyn Cowley; Eric Gilman; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Mutagenic atmospheres generated from the photooxidation of NOx with selected VOCs and a complex mixture: Apportionment of aromatic mutagenicity for reacted gasoline vapor - Jonathan D. Krug; Theran P. Riedel; Michael Lewandowski; William A. Lonneman; John M. Turlington; Jose Zavala; Sarah H. Warren; Tadeusz E. Kleindienst; David M. DeMarini (Atmospheric Environment, 2024)

Enhanced production, artificial intelligence optimized three-phase partitioning extraction, and in silico characterization of extracellular neutral Bacillus cereus proteinase - Maurice G. Ekpenyong; Eloghosa J. Ikharia; Uwamere O. Edeghor; David S. Ubi; Andrew N. Amenaghawon; Ernest A. Akwagiobe; Stanley A. Eshiemogie; Richard E. Antigha; Atim D. Asitok; Sylvester P. Antai (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2024)

The Barren Berry phenotype: untangling cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) genetic contamination in central Wisconsin and beyond - F. Lazar; H. Lopez-Moreno; E. Wiesman; F. de la Torre; P. Verhulst; J. Sojka; I. Maureira; David Millar; C. Kennedy; J. Mura; J. Zalapa (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2024)
Wisconsin is the world’s leading producer of cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.; 2n = 2x = 24). The state produces over twenty-thousand acres that contribute to more than 50% of the global total production, with more than one billion dollars in value. Cranberry growers in the “central sands” of Wisconsin have been experiencing yield decline due to vegetative unproductive genotypes, popularly known as “Barren Berry’’, which consistently remain vegetative and produce no fruit. The purpose of this study was to compare visual inspection in the field to DNA fingerprinting for the early detection of unproductive/barren genotypes. Additionally, the study served as a survey of unproductive genotypes in central Wisconsin, the largest growing region in the world. A total of 839 cranberry leaf samples, from 14 growers representing plantings to four cultivated varieties, were submitted for DNA testing of two visually determined phenotypes: unproductive or barren (n = 646; those that produced little to no fruit), versus productive or fruiting (n = 193). We conducted genetic fingerprinting on the leaf tissue using nine microsatellite markers previously shown to differentiate cranberry genotypes. This study identified a barren berry genotype unique to central Wisconsin, which we denoted “Barren Berry 1”. This genotype accounted for 43% of samples submitted as the barren berry phenotype. Genetic fingerprinting revealed sixty-five different genotypes in beds which were thought to be monocultures of just four cultivated genotypes. Early detection of genetic contamination through visual inspection, genetic testing, and responsible propagation can drastically aid in the management and longevity of cranberry beds, and in turn save time and money to the growers.

Trophoblast Side-Population Markers are Dysregulated in Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction - Georgia P. Wong; Sunhild Hartmann; David G. Simmons; Sarah Ellis; Olivia Nonn; Ping Cannon; Tuong-Vi Nguyen; Anna Nguyen; Lucy A. Bartho; Stephen Tong; Natalie J. Hannan; Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2024)
Dysregulated progenitor cell populations may contribute to poor placental development and placental insufficiency pathogenesis. Side-population cells possess progenitor properties. Recent human trophoblast side-population isolation identified enrichment of 8 specific genes ( CXCL8, ELL2, GATA6, HK2, HLA-DPB1, INTS6, SERPINE3 and UPP1 ) (Gamage et al. 2020, Stem Cell Rev Rep ). We characterised these trophoblast side-population markers in human placenta and in placental insufficiency disorders: preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Trophoblast side-population markers localised to mononuclear trophoblasts lining the placental villous basement membrane in preterm control, preeclamptic and FGR placental sections ( n = 3, panel of 3 markers/serial section). Analysis of single-cell transcriptomics of an organoid human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC) to extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation model (Shannon et al. 2022, Development ) identified that all side-population genes were enriched in mononuclear trophoblast and trophoblasts committed to differentiation under hTSC culture conditions. In vitro validation via 96 h time course hTSC differentiation to EVTs or syncytiotrophoblasts ( n = 5) demonstrated ELL2 and HK2 increased with differentiation ( p < 0.0024, p < 0.0039 respectively). CXCL8 and HLA-DPB1 were downregulated ( p < 0.030, p < 0.011 respectively). GATA6 and INTS6 increased with EVT differentiation only, and UPP1 reduced with syncytialisation. SERPINE3 was undetectable. Trophoblast side-population marker mRNA was measured in human placentas (< 34-weeks’ gestation; n = 78 preeclampsia, n = 30 FGR, and n = 18 gestation-matched controls). ELL2, HK2 and CXCL8 were elevated in preeclamptic ( p = 0.0006, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0335 respectively) and FGR placentas ( p = 0.0065, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0001 respectively) versus controls. Placental GATA6 was reduced in pregnancies with preeclampsia and FGR ( p = 0.0014, p = 0.0146 respectively). Placental INTS6 was reduced with FGR only ( p < 0.0001). This study identified the localisation of a unique trophoblast subset enriched for side-population markers. Aberrant expression of some side-population markers may indicate disruptions to unique trophoblast subtypes in placental insufficiency. Graphical Abstract

Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis: clinical perspectives on nine cases - David Oliver-Gutierrez; R. L. P. van der Veen; Elena Ros-Sánchez; Gloria Segura-Duch; Tirso Alonso; Alejandra Herranz-Cabarcos; Jessica Matas; Roberto Castro Seco; Miguel Ángel Arcediano; Miguel Ángel Zapata; Joan Oliveres (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)

Lipid composition of coral propagules and reproductive material in coral restoration nurseries - Christine D. Roper; Jennifer L. Matthews; Emma F. Camp; Matthew P. Padula; Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil; John Edmondson; Lorna Howlett; David J. Suggett (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Coral restoration efforts have rapidly increased worldwide, including the development of several programmes on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in recent years. While many restoration programmes utilise in-water nurseries to accelerate coral biomass yields, the impact of nursery environments on propagule quality has not been examined despite the importance of coral fitness for ensuring resistant populations. Here, we investigated two fitness indicators (lipid diversity and tissue protein abundance) of Acropora millepora adults and eggs grown on coral nurseries versus native reef on the GBR, with adults assessed at two sites (Blue Lagoon and Rayban) and eggs assessed at one site (Blue Lagoon). Lipid profiles of adult colonies varied by site and origin (nursery versus wild reef), with adult nursery corals exhibiting an elevated relative abundance of storage lipids (diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols) and lipid classes responsible for regulating membrane structure (phosphatidylcholines and sterol esters), while wild corals were characterised by a greater relative abundance of fatty acids and classes involved in immunoregulation. Comparing eggs from different origins, nursery offspring were richer in energy-storing triacylglycerols, as well as ceramides and phosphatidylcholines essential for membrane structure, while wild eggs had a greater relative abundance of wax ester species also important for energy storage. No differences were found in total protein abundance (adult or eggs) or egg physical characteristics (count and size) between nursery and wild origins. Variations in lipid profiles are consistent with differences in environmental conditions between reef sites and origin (nursery versus wild), highlighting the need to consider site selection and propagation conditions when planning restoration projects. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that the lipid classes with the highest relative abundance in A. millepora nursery and wild eggs differed from those in adults from the same origin, suggesting that propagation origin is more important for driving lipid profiles in coral eggs compared to parental effects.

Exchange experiments for chlorine and bromine partitioning in scapolite at variable fluid salinities, pressures, and temperatures: implications for tracing crustal fluid sources via Cl/Br ratios in scapolite - Johannes Hammerli; David M. Jenkins; David P. Collins (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2024)

Correction to: Editorial: Cancer metastasis through the lymphovascular system: molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis - Stanley P. Leong; S. David Nathanson; Jonathan S. Zager (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2024)

Field-based assessment of the effect of conventional and biodegradable plastic mulch film on nitrogen partitioning, soil microbial diversity, and maize biomass - Martine Graf; Lucy M. Greenfield; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Peter N. Golyshin; Richard P. Evershed; Charlotte E.M. Lloyd; Gwion B. Williams; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Applied Soil Ecology, 2024)

Exploring the combination of Asparagopsis taxiformis and phloroglucinol to decrease rumen methanogenesis and redirect hydrogen production in goats - Pedro Romero; Emilio M. Ungerfeld; Milka Popova; Diego P. Morgavi; David R. Yáñez-Ruiz; Alejandro Belanche (Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2024)

Padded Helmet Shell Covers in American Football: A Comprehensive Laboratory Evaluation with Preliminary On-Field Findings - Nicholas J. Cecchi; Ashlyn A. Callan; Landon P. Watson; Yuzhe Liu; Xianghao Zhan; Ramanand V. Vegesna; Collin Pang; Enora Le Flao; Gerald A. Grant; Michael M. Zeineh; David B. Camarillo (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Extreme Antarctic Cold of Late Winter 2023 - Anastasia J. Tomanek; David E. Mikolajczyk; Matthew A. Lazzara; Stefano Di Battista; Minghu Ding; Mariana Fontolan Litell; David H. Bromwich; Taylor P. Norton; Linda M. Keller; Lee J. Welhouse (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2024)

Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats - Iris Hordijk; Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy; Thomas Lauber; Devin Routh; Lourens Poorter; Malin C. Rivers; Hans ter Steege; Jingjing Liang; Peter B. Reich; Sergio de‐Miguel; Gert‐Jan Nabuurs; Javier G. P. Gamarra; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large‐scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation practices.

Regional‐scale disturbances drive long‐term decline of inshore coral reef fish assemblages in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - Daniela M. Ceccarelli; Murray Logan; Richard D. Evans; Geoffrey P. Jones; Marji Puotinen; Caroline Petus; Garry R. Russ; Tane Sinclair‐Taylor; Maya Srinivasan; David H. Williamson (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Anthropogenic pressure is increasing the variety and frequency of environmental disturbance events, limiting recovery and leading to long‐term declines in wild plant and animal populations. Coral reefs and associated fish assemblages are inherently dynamic due to their susceptibility to a host of disturbances, but regional‐scale nuances in the drivers of long‐term change frequently remain poorly resolved. Here, we examine the effects of multiple potential drivers of change in coral reef fish assemblages across 4 inshore regions of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), Australia, over 12–14 years (2007–2021). Each region had a unique disturbance history, in conjunction with long‐term changes in physical and habitat variables. Phases of recovery were apparent in the years between disturbance events at all locations, but these were not long enough to prevent substantial declines in reef fish density (by 33%–72%) and species richness (by 41%–75%) throughout the study period. The main drivers of change in fish assemblages varied among regions; however, the most rapid changes followed cyclone and flood events. Limited recovery periods resulted in temporal shifts in fish species composition from typically coral‐associated to algae‐associated. Most trophic groups declined in density except farmers, grazers, omnivores and parrotfish. No‐take marine reserves (NTMRs) had small and inconsistent effects on total fish assemblages, but delivered benefits for fishery‐targeted piscivores. Our findings suggest that coral reef responses to local stressors and cumulative escalating climate change impacts are highly variable at regional scales, and that small NTMRs are unlikely to mitigate the impacts of increasingly frequent climatic disturbances. Nearshore coral reefs worldwide are high‐value habitats that are either already degraded or vulnerable to degradation and the loss of important fish groups. Global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions must be coupled with effective local management that can support the functioning and adaptive capacity of coral reefs.

Testing food web theory in a large lake: The role of body size in habitat coupling in Lake Michigan - Bryan M. Maitland; Harvey A. Bootsma; Charles R. Bronte; David B. Bunnell; Zachary S. Feiner; Kari H. Fenske; William W. Fetzer; Carolyn J. Foley; Brandon S. Gerig; Austin Happel; Tomas O. Höök; Friedrich W. Keppeler; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
The landscape theory of food web architecture (LTFWA) describes relationships among body size, trophic position, mobility, and energy channels that serve to couple heterogenous habitats, which in turn promotes long‐term system stability. However, empirical tests of the LTFWA are rare and support differs among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems. Further, it is unclear whether the theory applies in highly altered ecosystems dominated by introduced species such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, we provide an empirical test of the LTFWA by relating body size, trophic position, and the coupling of different energy channels using stable isotope data from species throughout the Lake Michigan food web. We found that body size was positively related to trophic position, but for a given trophic position, organisms predominately supported by pelagic energy had smaller body sizes than organisms predominately supported by nearshore benthic energy. We also found a hump‐shaped trophic relationship in the food web where there is a gradual increase in the coupling of pelagic and nearshore energy channels with larger body sizes as well as higher trophic positions. This highlights the important role of body size and connectivity among habitats in structuring food webs. However, important deviations from expectations are suggestive of how species introductions and other anthropogenic impacts can affect food web structure in large lakes. First, native top predators appear to be flexible couplers that may provide food web resilience, whereas introduced top predators may confer less stability when they specialize on a single energy pathway. Second, some smaller bodied prey fish and invertebrates, in addition to mobile predators, coupled energy from pelagic and nearshore energy channels, which suggests that some prey species may also be important integrators of energy pathways in the system. We conclude that patterns predicted by the LTFWA are present in the face of species introductions and other anthropogenic stressors to a degree, but time‐series evaluations are needed to fully understand the mechanisms that promote stability.

Local molecular and connectomic contributions of tau-related neurodegeneration - Fardin Nabizadeh; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; Robert C. Green; Andrew J. Saykin; John Morris; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced default mode network functional connectivity in young post-9/11 Veterans - Aubrey A. Knoff; Madeleine K. Nowak; Emily J. Van Etten; V. Carlota Andreu-Arasa; Michael Esterman; Elizabeth C. Leritz; Francesca C. Fortenbaugh; William P. Milberg; Catherine B. Fortier; David H. Salat (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2024)

Cerebellum and basal ganglia connectivity in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory study - Michael J. Firbank; Jacopo Pasquini; Laura Best; Victoria Foster; Hilmar P. Sigurdsson; Kirstie N. Anderson; George Petrides; David J. Brooks; Nicola Pavese (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2024)
REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by dream-enacting behaviour with loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and is a prodromal feature of α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Although cortical-to-subcortical connectivity is well-studied in RBD, cerebellar and subcortical nuclei reciprocal connectivity is less established. Nonetheless, it could be relevant since RBD pathology involves brainstem structures with an ascending gradient. In this study, we utilised resting-state functional MRI to investigate 13 people with isolated RBD (iRBD), 17 with Parkinson’s disease and 16 healthy controls. We investigated the connectivity between the basal ganglia, thalamus and regions of the cerebellum. The cerebellum was segmented using a functional atlas, defined by a resting-state network-based parcellation, rather than an anatomical one. Controlling for age, we found a significant group difference (F 4,82 = 5.47, p FDR = 0.017) in cerebellar-thalamic connectivity, with iRBD significantly lower compared to both control and Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, cerebellar areas involved in this connectivity reduction were related to the default mode, language and fronto-parietal resting-state networks. Our findings show functional connectivity abnormalities in subcortical structures that are specific to iRBD and may be relevant from a pathophysiological standpoint. Further studies are needed to investigate how connectivity changes progress over time and whether specific changes predict disease course or phenoconversion.

Defining an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome: International Consensus Statement - Emma Short; Ian M. Adcock; Bilal Al-Sarireh; Ann Ager; Ramzi Ajjan; Naveed Akbar; Michael A. Akeroyd; Ghada Alsaleh; Ghada Al-Sharbatee; Kambiz Alavian; Winfried Amoaku; Julie Andersen; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased health span. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehensive classification and staging systems for ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndromes. This will allow societies to better identify, quantify, understand and meet the healthcare, workforce, well-being and socioeconomic needs of ageing populations, whilst supporting the development and utilisation of interventions to prevent or to slow, halt or reverse the progression of ageing-related pathologies. The foundation for developing such classification and staging systems is to define the scope of what constitutes an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome. To this end, a consensus meeting was hosted by the International Consortium to Classify Ageing-Related Pathologies (ICCARP), on February 19, 2024, in Cardiff, UK, and was attended by 150 recognised experts. Discussions and voting were centred on provisional criteria that had been distributed prior to the meeting. The participants debated and voted on these. Each criterion required a consensus agreement of ≥ 70% for approval. The accepted criteria for an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome were (1) develops and/or progresses with increasing chronological age; (2) should be associated with, or contribute to, functional decline or an increased susceptibility to functional decline and (3) evidenced by studies in humans. Criteria for an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome have been agreed by an international consortium of subject experts. These criteria will now be used by the ICCARP for the classification and ultimately staging of ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndromes.

Modelling the nexus between green energy, agricultural production, forest cover, and population growth towards climate change for the transition towards a green economy - Karambir Singh Dhayal; David Forgenie; Arun Kumar Giri; Nikmatul Khoiriyah; Wendy-Ann P. Isaac (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2024)

Insights into foraging behavior from multi-day sound recording tags on goose-beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) in the Southern California Bight - Shannon N. Coates; David A. Sweeney; Erin A. Falcone; Stephanie L. Watwood; Brenda K. Rone; Stacy L. DeRuiter; Jay Barlow; Karin A. Dolan; Ronald P. Morrissey; Nancy A. DiMarzio; Susan M. Jarvis; Russel D. Andrews; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Goose-beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) are deep-diving cetaceans known for their elusive nature and specialized foraging behavior. In 2019 and 2020, six telemetry tags were deployed on these whales in Southern California, resulting in 395 h of acoustic and diving data. Foraging dives were manually identified by the presence of echolocation pulses and buzzes, and generalized additive models assessed factors influencing foraging behavior. The median bathymetric depth at foraging sites was 1,419 m (IQR = 359), and the maximum dive depth was highly correlated with bathymetry depth. Individuals started echolocating on descent at a median depth of 410 m (IQR = 74); pulses were not observed shallower than 292 m. Echolocation ceased during the bottom phase for 81.6% of dives, at a median depth of 1,265 m (IQR = 472); pulses were not observed shallower than 587 m on ascent. The median depth of buzzes was 1,215 m (IQR = 479) with 63% occurring during the bottom phase. Deeper dives correlated with longer durations of diving and echolocation, greater echolocation end depths, and wider bottom phase echolocation depth inter-quartile range. The median difference between dive depth and bottom phase median echolocation depth was 98.3 m (IQR = 48.5), suggesting whales in this region forage in a narrow band close to the seafloor. In the San Nicolas Basin, individuals exhibited longer echolocation durations, produced more pulses, and started and ended echolocating at greater depths compared to adjacent regions. These records validate and expand upon previous studies, providing insights into factors influencing foraging behavior in an area with high anthropogenic disturbance.

Improving impact assessments to reduce impacts of deep-sea fisheries on vulnerable marine ecosystems - Laura Kaikkonen; Teresa Amaro; Peter J. Auster; David M. Bailey; James B. Bell; Angelika Brandt; Malcolm R. Clark; Jeffrey C. Drazen; Cherisse Du Preez; Elva Escobar-Briones; Eva Giacomello; Matthew Gianni; et al. (Marine Policy, 2024)

Assessing the impact of inland navigation on the faecal pollution status of large rivers: A novel integrated field approach - Sophia D. Steinbacher; Ahmad Ameen; Katalin Demeter; David Lun; Julia Derx; Gerhard Lindner; Regina Sommer; Rita B. Linke; Claudia Kolm; Karen Zuser; Martina Heckel; Andrea Perschl; et al. (Water Research, 2024)

Vaccination of cattle with a virus vector vaccine against a major membrane protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis elicits CD8 cytotoxic T cells that kill intracellular bacteria - Asmaa H. Mahmoud; Gaber S. Abdellrazeq; Valentina Franceschi; David A. Schneider; John P. Bannantine; Lindsay M. Fry; Victoria Hulubei; Giovanna De Matteis; Kun Taek Park; Sergio Minesso; William C. Davis; Gaetano Donofrio (Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2024)

Railway bridge dynamics considering piled foundations in soft soil - Borong Peng; Lei Xu; David P. Connolly; Zheng Li; Xuhui He; Yuanjie Xiao; Yunlong Guo (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024)

Volatile budgets and evolution in porphyry-related magma systems, determined using apatite - Charline Lormand; Madeleine C.S. Humphreys; David J. Colby; Jason P. Coumans; Cyril Chelle-Michou; Weiran Li (Lithos, 2024)

Estimating the global warming potential of animal waste-based organic liquid fertilizer for urban hydroponic farms - Vincent Desaulniers Brousseau; Benjamin P. Goldstein; David Leroux; Thomas Giguère; Sarah MacPherson; Mark Lefsrud (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024)

Comparison of cooling tower blowdown and enhanced make up water treatment to minimize cooling water footprint - Sarah I. Müller; Gergana Chapanova; Thomas Diekow; Christian Kaiser; Lies Hamelink; Ivaylo P. Hitsov; Lisa Wyseure; David H. Moed; Laurence Palmowski; Thomas Wintgens (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

In-situ mapping of monocrystalline regions on Mars - Brendan J. Orenstein; Michael W.M. Jones; David T. Flannery; Austin P. Wright; Scott Davidoff; Michael M. Tice; Luke Nothdurft; Abigail C. Allwood (Icarus, 2024)

A first look at CRISM hyperspectral mapping mosaicked data: Results from Mawrth Vallis - Michael S. Phillips; Scott L. Murchie; Frank P. Seelos; Katie M. Hancock; Christina Selby; Ryan T. Poffenbarger; David C. Stephens; Maia Kawamura (Icarus, 2024)

The CRISM investigation in Mars orbit: Overview, history, and delivered data products - Frank P. Seelos; Kimberly D. Seelos; Scott L. Murchie; M. Alexandra Matiella Novak; Christopher D. Hash; M. Frank Morgan; Raymond E. Arvidson; John Aiello; Jean-Pierre Bibring; Janice L. Bishop; John D. Boldt; Ariana R. Boyd; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Large structural estuaries: Their global distribution and morphology - Mitchell P. Baum; David M. Kennedy; Sarah L. McSweeney (Geomorphology, 2024)

Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda - Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer; Stephen Polasky; Rob Alkemade; Neil D. Burgess; William W.L. Cheung; Ingo Fetzer; Mike Harfoot; Thomas W. Hertel; Samantha L.L. Hill; Justin Andrew Johnson; Jan H. Janse; Patrick José v. Jeetze; et al. (Global Environmental Change, 2024)

Sitka black-tailed deer habitat selection in relation to logging and vegetation in a temperate rainforest - David P. Gregovich; Gretchen H. Roffler; Christina M. Prokopenko; Sophie L. Gilbert (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Corrigendum to “Soil-based assessment of site productivity for southern pine plantations in the coastal plain of the southeastern US: (I) loblolly pine” [Forest Ecol. Manag. 565 (2024) 122054] - Dehai Zhao; Ernest David Dickens; David Clabo; Daniel Markewitz; Bronson P. Bullock; Dee Cabaniss Pederson (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Brick kiln pollution and its impact on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Laura Nicolaou; Fiona Sylvies; Isabel Veloso; Katherine Lord; Ram K. Chandyo; Arun K. Sharma; Laxman P. Shrestha; David L. Parker; Steven M. Thygerson; Peter F. DeCarlo; Gurumurthy Ramachandran; William Checkley (Environmental Research, 2024)

Individual-based modelling of adaptive physiological traits of cyanobacteria: Responses to light history - Mohammad Hassan Ranjbar; David P. Hamilton; Michael L. Pace; Amir Etemad-Shahidi; Cayelan C. Carey; Fernanda Helfer (Ecological Modelling, 2024)

Novel Small-Molecule Improves Mitochondrial Function and Mitophagy in a Complex III Deficiency Model - Lucía Fernández-del-Rio; Andrea Eastes; Matheus P. Oliveira; Karel Erion; David R.F. Pacheco; Jasmine Garza; Matthew Dugan; Sophie Kantor; Iman Gauhar; Philip Ma; Jonathan Wanagat; Kathleen Rodgers; et al. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2024)

Impacts of an urban density gradient on land-atmosphere turbulent heat fluxes across seasonal timescales - David E. Reed; Cheyenne Lei; William Baule; Gabriela Shirkey; Jiquan Chen; Kevin P. Czajkowski; Zutao Ouyang (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2024)

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Türkiye - Ecem Buyukyanbolu; Leyla Genc; Elizabeth A. Cyr; Mehmet Karakus; Fusun Comert; Baris Otlu; Elif Aktas; David P. Nicolau (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Geometric Reconstruction of the Mouse Aortic Heart Valve - Daniel P. Gramling; Aletea L. van Veldhuisen; Frederick W. Damen; Kaitlyn Thatcher; Felix Liu; David McComb; Joy Lincoln; Christopher K. Breuer; Craig J. Goergen; Michael S. Sacks (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2024)

Organic matter accumulation drives methylotrophic methanogenesis and microbial ecology in a hypersaline coastal lagoon - Christopher Keneally; Matilda Southgate; Daniel Chilton; Virginie Gaget; David T. Welsh; Luke Mosley; Dirk V. Erler; Stephen P. Kidd; Justin Brookes (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Hypersalinity is common in coastal wetlands throughout warm, tropical, and arid regions. Climate‐induced changes in rainfall, sea level, and anthropogenic modification to basins and coastlines are likely to further increase salinization in these ecosystems. Yet, carbon cycling in hypersaline coastal wetlands is not well understood, and poorly constrained in climate models. In the Coorong, a eutrophic, hypersaline coastal lagoon, recognized as internationally important under the Ramsar convention, organic matter rapidly accumulates in deeper areas of the lagoon, through the settling of fine detrital particles, phytoplankton and suspended sediments. During initial surveys, elevated surface water methane (CH 4 ) concentrations were observed above these fine depositional sediments. To identify the drivers of CH 4 production, organic matter and sediment characteristics were assessed in surface sediments. Genetic markers (i.e., 16rDNA and the mcrA functional gene) were used to characterize microbial communities. With multiple lines of evidence, this study identifies organic matter, methanogen abundance, and salinity as important drivers of CH 4 production, which is concentrated in depositional zones. Archaea were also more abundant in depositional zones, including methylotrophic methanogens: Methanofastidiosales, Methanomasiliicoccales, Methermicoccaceae , and Methanococcoides . These methanogens were highly correlated to CH 4 in porewater, suggesting an influence of methylotrophic methanogenesis. To investigate further, metabolic genes were predicted from 16S rRNA with PICRUSt2. This represents the first effort to analyze CH 4 dynamics in the Coorong, underscoring the need to integrate these unique ecosystems into global climate models to enhance our understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics and emissions in a changing climate.

Rolling with the punches—How competition shapes the morphology of small passerines on small islands - David J. Kelly; Darren P. O'Connell; Fionn Ó Marcaigh; Seán B. A. Kelly; Adi Karya; Kangkuso Analuddin; Nicola Marples (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Wallacea is a global biodiversity hotspot and Sulawesi is the largest island in this region, notable for a high proportion of endemic species. The Wakatobi archipelago, off the southeastern peninsular arm of Sulawesi, is home to several endemic bird species. Although islands are known to influence the morphology of their resident species, competitive interactions also exert strong influences on morphology. Here, we consider the contributions of both islands and competitors on two morphological traits of two bird species in a small passerine guild found on the Wakatobi islands. Location Wakatobi archipelago, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Taxon Wakatobi White‐eye ( Zosterops flavissimus ) and Wakatobi Sunbird ( Cinnyris infrenatus ). Methods Working with morphological measures (from netting studies), population density metrics (from transect surveys) and fundamental data from islands (area, distance from mainland and elevation), we investigated (by means of multiple linear regression) which terms best explained variation in the body size and bill size of two small passerine birds endemic to the Wakatobi islands. Results Both island metrics and competitor presence/density were useful in describing the variation in body size of both bird species. However, only competitor presence/density was useful in describing variation in bill size of the birds. The best models describing variation in these traits included terms representing both interspecific and intraspecific competition. Main Conclusions Our findings indicate that simple island metrics may be useful in predicting some of the variation in some functional traits of island species. However, in this example, simple island metrics were insufficient to explain the full variation in body size of endemic birds across the Wakatobi archipelago and were of no use in predicting the variation in their bill size. As bill morphology frequently dictates diet and feeding niche, it is a trait which may determine population divergence and speciation. If simple island metrics fail to describe such diversification, it is surely important to capture that information in other ways.

Consequences of Local Conspecific Density Effects for Plant Diversity and Community Dynamics - Joseph A. LaManna; Florian Hartig; Jonathan A. Myers; Robert P. Freckleton; Matteo Detto; Akshay Surendra; Cole J. Doolittle; Bénédicte Bachelot; Robert Bagchi; Liza S. Comita; David M. DeFilippis; Nohemi Huanca‐Nunez; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Conspecific density dependence (CDD) in plant populations is widespread, most likely caused by local‐scale biotic interactions, and has potentially important implications for biodiversity, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, progress in this important area of ecology has been hindered by differing viewpoints on CDD across subfields in ecology, lack of synthesis across CDD‐related frameworks, and misunderstandings about how empirical measurements of local CDD fit within the context of broader ecological theories on community assembly and diversity maintenance. Here, we propose a conceptual synthesis of local‐scale CDD and its causes, including species‐specific antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. First, we compare and clarify different uses of CDD and related concepts across subfields within ecology. We suggest the use of local stabilizing/destabilizing CDD to refer to the scenario where local conspecific density effects are more negative/positive than heterospecific effects. Second, we discuss different mechanisms for local stabilizing and destabilizing CDD, how those mechanisms are interrelated, and how they cut across several fields of study within ecology. Third, we place local stabilizing/destabilizing CDD within the context of broader ecological theories and discuss implications and challenges related to scaling up the effects of local CDD on populations, communities, and metacommunities. The ultimate goal of this synthesis is to provide a conceptual roadmap for researchers studying local CDD and its implications for population and community dynamics.

Whole-Tree Green Density Equations for Loblolly and Slash Pine Trees - Dehai Zhao; Bronson P Bullock; Mingliang Wang; E David Dickens (Forest Science, 2024)
Using extensive legacy and new datasets, two equations of whole-tree green density, defined as the ratio of the green weight of stem wood with bark (GWob) divided either by the stem outside-bark volume (Vob) or by the stem inside-bark volume (Vib), were developed along with individual tree Vob, Vib, and GWob equations for loblolly and slash pines. The green density equations indicated that the GWob/Vob ratio increases while the GWob/Vib ratio decreases with an increase in tree size for both species. The transition from low-intensity management to intensive management has a notable impact on tree green weight characteristics. Generally, trees from older established plantations exhibited a higher GWob/Vob ratio compared with trees from more recently established plantations, spanning both loblolly and slash pines. Study Implications: Derived whole-tree green density equations, alongside updated stem green weight and volume equations, are valuable tools for estimating the volume and green weight of entire stem boles, facilitating volume-to-green-weight conversion for specific sections for loblolly and slash pines, the primary commercial timber species in the southern United States.

Stability of marsh edge berms constructed from fine-grained dredged sediment - David W. Perkey; Lenore P. Tedesco; Kelsey A. Fall; Thomas P. Huff; Monica A. Chasten (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Due to observed impacts of sea level rise, many sediment management strategies in coastal settings are seeking ways to beneficially use locally dredged sediment in restoration, nourishment, and construction projects. The placement of sediment in shallow, near-marsh areas is a promising application of dredged material to both increase accretion and provide protection to marshes and intertidal flats in back bay areas. However, dredged material in these areas often include fine-grained (<63 μm) sediments (FGS), that frequently raise questions concerning dispersion, stability, and environmental impact of the placement project. In 2020, approximately 30,500 m 3 of FGS from the New Jersey Intracoastal Waterway (NJIWW) was placed along the southern edge of Gull Island, New Jersey to evaluate the feasibility of using FGS for beneficial use projects in near marsh environments. Gull Island was experiencing extensive marsh edge erosion through margin collapse. The placement was unconfined and resulted in the formation of two intertidal muddy berm-like features up to 0.7 m thick along more than 500 m of marsh. Bathymetric surveys showed that approximately 60-70% of the berm volume remained 36 months after placement, however maximum berm thickness reduced to ~0.5 m. Field monitoring performed during construction found that turbidity plumes were localized to within 100 m of the placement site and sediment cores collected in June 2022 did not show systemic winnowing from the berm surface. Laboratory and field observations indicated that the berm material was cohesive in nature and produced large aggregates upon erosion, limiting the dispersal of FGS. Observations of current velocities and waves in the area indicate a low energy system such that the cohesive berm was largely resistant to erosion and that reduction in berm volume was largely due to consolidation and compaction. This suggests that shallow water features can be constructed with FGS in similar low energy environments with limited dispersal during and following construction, while being robust enough to help stabilize the marsh edge and improve marsh survivability against sea level rise.

High seas in the cloud: the role of big data and artificial intelligence in support of high seas governance – The Sargasso Sea pilot - David Freestone; Kieran N. Bjergstrom; Kristina M. Gjerde; Patrick Halpin; Kevin P. Fleming; Andrew Hudson; Alex D. Rogers; Fae Sapsford; Vardis M. Tsontos; Jorge Vazquez-Cuervo; David Vousden (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
This article examines the future governance of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the wake of the new 2023 United Nations Agreement using the work on the Sargasso Sea as a prototype. After discussing the legal framework and current challenges facing the ABNJ regime, some details are provided on open ocean data collection technologies, including big data and artificial intelligence (AI), used in support of ocean governance. Based on a technology-enabled ocean governance cycle, the role that data, information technology and data-science can play in incorporating empirical scientific knowledge into policy and decision-making is examined with a focus on the open ocean. The article concludes with a vision of future high seas governance based on the 2023 Agreement and how big data and AI can play a crucial role in meeting the exciting challenges that the new agreement poses.

The IAHS Science for Solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN one Global world (HELPING) - Berit Arheimer; Christophe Cudennec; Attilio Castellarin; Salvatore Grimaldi; Kate V. Heal; Claire Lupton; Archana Sarkar; Fuqiang Tian; Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema; Stacey Archfield; Günter Blöschl; Pedro L. Borges Chaffe; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2024)

Correction: Histamine induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human astrocytic cultures via H1-receptor subtype - Aarti Patel; Vishnu Vasanthan; Wen Fu; Richard P. Fahlman; David MacTavish; Jack H. Jhamandas (Brain Structure and Function, 2024)

Pseudomonas stutzeri bloodstream infection is a prevailing community-onset disease with important mortality rates: results from a retrospective observational study in Australia - Juan P. Horcajada; Felicity Edwards; Silvia Fonio; Milagro Montero; Patrick Harris; David L. Paterson; Kevin B. Laupland (Infectious Diseases, 2024)

A UK framework for the assessment and integration of different scientific evidence streams in chemical risk assessment - Barbara Doerr; Phil Botham; Gill Clare; David Gott; Alison Gowers; Valentina Guercio; Gunter Kuhnle; George Loizou; David P. Lovell; Neil Pearce; Lesley Rushton; Mireille Toledano; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

First findings of Sarcocystis species in game deer and feral pigs in Australia - Shokoofeh Shamsi; Keira Brown; Nidhish Francis; Diane P. Barton; David J. Jenkins (International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2024)

Decoding paleomire conditions of paleogene superhigh-organic-sulfur coals - Tushar Adsul; Molly D. O'Beirne; David A. Fike; Santanu Ghosh; Josef P. Werne; William P. Gilhooly; Paul C. Hackley; Javin J. Hatcherian; Bright Philip; Bodhisatwa Hazra; Sudip Bhattacharyya; Ritam Konar; et al. (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2024)

Alpine plant communities and current topographic microrefugia vary with regional climates - George P. Malanson; Daniel B. Fagre; David R. Butler; Zehao Shen (Geomorphology, 2024)

Soil-based assessment of site productivity for southern pine plantations in the coastal plain of the southeastern US: (II) slash pine - Ernest David Dickens; Dehai Zhao; David C. Clabo; Daniel Markewitz; Bronson P. Bullock; Dee Cabaniss Pederson (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Soil-based assessment of site productivity for southern pine plantations in the coastal plain of the southeastern US: (I) loblolly pine - Dehai Zhao; Ernest David Dickens; David Clabo; Daniel Markewitz; Bronson P. Bullock; Dee Cabaniss Pederson (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

High-throughput physiological phenotyping of crop evapotranspiration at the plot scale - Geng (Frank) Bai; Burdette Barker; David Scoby; Suat Irmak; Joe D. Luck; Christopher M.U. Neale; James C. Schnable; Tala Awada; William P. Kustas; Yufeng Ge (Field Crops Research, 2024)

Spatial-temporal variability in nitrogen use efficiency: Insights from a long-term experiment and crop simulation modeling to support site specific nitrogen management - David E. Clarke; Elizabeth A. Stockdale; Jacqueline A. Hannam; Benjamin P. Marchant; Stephen H. Hallett (European Journal of Agronomy, 2024)

Palaeontological signatures of the Anthropocene are distinct from those of previous epochs - Mark Williams; Jan Zalasiewicz; Anthony D. Barnosky; Reinhold Leinfelder; Martin J. Head; Colin N. Waters; Francine M.G. McCarthy; Alejandro Cearreta; David C. Aldridge; Mary McGann; Paul B. Hamilton; Colin P. Summerhayes; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2024)

Transformation of organic to inorganic nitrogen in NH4+-illite-bearing and Ga-Al-REE-rich bituminous coals: Evidence from nitrogen isotopes and functionalities - Qian Wang; Shifeng Dai; Victor P. Nechaev; David French; Ian Graham; Lei Zhao; Shaowei Zhang; Yang Liang; James C. Hower (Chemical Geology, 2024)

Framework for assessing collection-based photocatalytic oxidation systems in HVAC applications for bioaerosol control - Sudharshan Anandan; Andrew J. Fix; Andrew J. Freeman; Lance Miller; Devon P. Scheg; Xavier Morgan; Jae Hong Park; William T. Horton; Ernest R. Blatchley; David M. Warsinger (Building and Environment, 2024)

Ant rarity and vulnerability in Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments - Nathalia S. Silva; Everton A. Maciel; Lívia P. Prado; Otávio G.M. Silva; David Aciole Barbosa; Joudellys Andrade-Silva; Débora R. Souza-Campana; Rogério R. Silva; Carlos R.F. Brandão; Jacques H.C. Delabie; Maria S.C. Morini (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) shift selection of anthropogenic landscape features following predator control in the Nearctic boreal forest - Katherine Baillie-David; John P. Volpe; A. Cole Burton; Jason T. Fisher (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Allicin and total phenolic content in ramps (Allium tricoccum Ait.) in relation to phenological stage, morphological traits, and harvest location - R. Teal Jordan; Eric P. Burkhart; Margot Kaye; David Munoz; Joshua D. Lambert (Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2024)

The new kid on the block in insect pest management: sprayable RNAi goes commercial - Junjie Yan; Ralf Nauen; Stuart Reitz; Andrei Alyokhin; Jiang Zhang; David Mota-Sanchez; Yonggyun Kim; Subba Reddy Palli; Silvia I. Rondon; Brian A. Nault; Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes; Michael S. Crossley; et al. (Science China Life Sciences, 2024)

Temporal variation in the incidence of seaweed health problems affecting farmed Kappaphycus striatus in relation to environmental conditions in shallow waters - Joseph P. Faisan; Rema C. Sibonga; Jonalyn P. Mateo; Maria Rovilla J. Luhan; Victor Marco Emmanuel N. Ferriols; Vicente T. Balinas; Janina Brakel; David Bass; Stuart Ross; Grant D. Stentiford; Juliet Brodie; Georgia M. Ward; et al. (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2024)

Increasing tree cover and high-albedo surfaces reduces heat-related ER visits in Los Angeles, CA - Scott Sheridan; Edith B. de Guzman; David P. Eisenman; David J. Sailor; Jonathan Parfrey; Laurence S. Kalkstein (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2024)
There is an urgent need for strategies to reduce the negative impacts of a warming climate on human health. Cooling urban neighborhoods by planting trees and vegetation and increasing albedo of roofs, pavements, and walls can mitigate urban heat. We used synoptic climatology to examine how different tree cover and albedo scenarios would affect heat-related morbidity in Los Angeles, CA, USA, as measured by emergency room (ER) visits. We classified daily meteorological data for historical summer heat events into discrete air mass types. We analyzed those classifications against historical ER visit data to determine both heat-related and excess morbidity. We used the Weather Research and Forecasting model to examine the impacts of varied tree cover and albedo scenarios on meteorological outcomes and used these results with standardized morbidity data algorithms to estimate potential reductions in ER visits. We tested three urban modification scenarios of low, medium, and high increases of tree cover and albedo and compared these against baseline conditions. We found that avoiding 25% to 50% of ER visits during heat events would be a common outcome if the urban environment had more tree cover and higher albedo, with the greatest benefits occurring under heat events that are moderate and those that are particularly hot and dry. We conducted these analyses at the county level and compared results to a heat-vulnerable, working-class Los Angeles community with a high concentration of people of color, and found that reductions in the rate of ER visits would be even greater at the community level compared to the county.

Impact of pre-existing depression and food insecurity on the trajectory of depressive symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in South Africa: A panel analysis of nationally representative South African data - Philile Dladla-Jaca; Busisiwe P. Ncama; Yoshan Moodley; Nafiisa Sobratee-Fajurally; Rashieda Davids; Mjabuliseni Simon C. Ngidi; Catherine Sutherland; Muthulisi Siwela; Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi; Albert T. Modi; Rob Slotow; Jonathan K. Burns; et al. (Food Security, 2024)
We investigated the trajectory of depressive symptoms (“depression”) from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa (March 2020) until 2021, between individuals with and without pre-pandemic depression, specifically regarding the role of food security. Our investigation used publicly available panel data (N = 6,930) from the South African National Income Dynamics Study Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (SA-NIDS-CRAM from 2020–2021) on those who had also participated in the pre-pandemic South African National Income Dynamics Study (SA-NIDS, 2017) depression interview. We investigated trends in depressive symptomatology (based on a 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire) at SA-NIDS-CRAM Wave 2 (July 2020), Wave 3 (February 2021) and Wave 5 (May 2021). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with post-estimation linear combinations of estimators were fitted to investigate the roles of pre-pandemic depression (based on 2017 SA-NIDS data) and food insecurity during the pandemic on depressive symptomatology. During the pandemic, the highest levels of depression were observed consistently among those with pre-pandemic depression and food insecurity; and were lowest among those without pre-pandemic depression and food security. Depressive symptomatology rose in nearly equal magnitude during the early phases of the pandemic in two groups: those without pre-pandemic depression but food insecure during the pandemic; as well as those with pre-pandemic depression but food secure during the pandemic. However, this dynamic changed later in the pandemic, when higher depressive symptomatology was observed in the group with both pre-pandemic depression and food insecurity, widening the gap between them from Wave 3 (adj β = 0.63, p < 0.01) to Wave 5 (adj β = 0.79, p < 0.01). Our results highlight the importance of addressing both population mental health and food insecurity, particularly at the early stages of a crisis/disaster. As we showed that mental health impact is linked to food insecurity during a pandemic, strengthening social protection measures, especially around food and nutrition, would help build resilience to crises in the long term.

Review: Artisanal Gold Mining in Africa—Environmental Pollution and Human Health Implications - Maureene Auma Ondayo; Michael J. Watts; Clive J. Mitchell; David C. P. King; Odipo Osano (Exposure and Health, 2024)
About nine million Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers in Africa and people living near ASGM activities are highly exposed to geogenic and anthropogenic potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Despite the hazards and risks posed by ASGM being well characterized, coordinated multidisciplinary environmental characterization with combined public health studies are limited, with often piecemeal and snapshot studies reported, as highlighted by this review. Furthermore, studies are often not connected with efforts to minimize hazards holistically. Given this, we systematically reviewed the scientific literature on human health hazards associated with ASGM in Africa through Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. One hundred and seventy-three peer-reviewed papers published between 1996 and June 2023 from 30 African countries were identified. Toxicological environmental hazards were reported in 102 peer-reviewed papers, notably As, Cd, CN, Cr, Hg, Pb, respirable SiO 2 -laden dust, and radionuclides. Exposure to PTEs in human biomonitoring matrices and associated health impacts were documented in 71 papers. Hg was the most reported hazard. Gaps in research robustness, regulation and policy framework, technology, risk detection, surveillance, and management were found. Despite international and in-country mitigation efforts, ASGM-related hazards in Africa are worsening. This review paper highlights the need for coordinated action and multidisciplinary collaborative research to connect dispersed isolated studies to better characterize the associated disease burden associated with ASGM in Africa and sustainably maximize the wider benefits of ASGM whilst protecting public health and the environment.

Walking net $$\dot{V}$$O2 rises with advancing age in older women: where to go from here? - Stephen J. Carter; Harshvardhan Singh; Emily B. Long; Catia Martins; John P. McCarthy; C. Scott Bickel; David R. Bryan; Gary R. Hunter (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Invertebrate-Mediated Ecosystem Processes are Resilient to Disturbance Across a Land-Use Gradient in Borneo - Li Yuen Chiew; Jedediah F. Brodie; David F. R. P. Burslem; Glen Reynolds; Charles S. Vairappan; Eleanor M. Slade (Ecosystems, 2024)

Editorial: Cancer metastasis through the lymphovascular system: molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis - Stanley P. Leong; S. David Nathanson; Jonathan S. Zager (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2024)

Biochemical, toxicological and genomic investigation of a high-biomass producing Limnothrix strain isolated from Italian shallow drinking water reservoir - Mara Simonazzi; Tânia K. Shishido; Endrews Delbaje; Matti Wahlsten; David P. Fewer; Kaarina Sivonen; Laura Pezzolesi; Rossella Pistocchi (Algal Research, 2024)

Beneficial ‘inefficiencies’ of western ranching: Flood-irrigated hay production sustains wetland systems by mimicking historic hydrologic processes - J. Patrick Donnelly; Kelsey Jensco; John S. Kimball; Johnnie N. Moore; David Ketchum; Daniel P. Collins; David E. Naugle (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2024)

Invasive black rats menacing endangered lizards - Marta López-Darias; Mercedes López-González; David P. Padilla; Javier Martín-Carbajal; Julien C. Piquet (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)
Despite the pernicious impacts that invasive black rats Rattus rattus have on island ecosystems, little is known about their effect upon insular reptiles, which are a highly vulnerable but pivotal element of island biota. To bring to light these effects, we evaluated the threat posed by R. rattus on the critically endangered Canarian spotted lizard Gallotia intermedia by analyzing its frequency of occurrence on rat feces, estimating rat abundance and density, and correlating these parameters with previous lizard censuses. We genetically detected that 14.96% of all rat feces contained G. intermedia , with 27.27% of individual R. rattus consuming this lizard. Rat density varied from 0.740 ± 0.474 to 2.183 ± 1.137 rats/ha and was correlated with larger declines of G. intermedia between past censuses and those of 2019. These results confirm for the first time that R. rattus consumes and impacts this endemic and endangered lizard species. From a broader perspective, this is one of the first studies detecting rat impact on a large-sized reptile, which calls for further attention to the interaction between invasive rats and a highly vulnerable but essential component of island ecosystems.

Emerging issues in fisheries science by fisheries scientists - David S. Murray; Victoria Campón‐Linares; Carl M. O'Brien; Robert B. Thorpe; Rui P. Vieira; Fiona Gilmour (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
The current epoch in fisheries science has been driven by continual advances in laboratory techniques and increasingly sophisticated approaches to analysing datasets. We now have the scientific knowledge and tools to proactively identify obstacles to the sustainable management of marine resources. However, in addition to technological advances, there are predicted global environmental changes, each with inherent implications for fisheries. The 2023 symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles called for “open and constructive knowledge exchange between scientists, stakeholders, managers and policymakers” ( https://fsbi.org.uk/symposium-2023/ ), a nexus of collaborative groups best placed to identify issues and solutions. Arguably, the Centre of Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas) and their Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management (SAFM) Team sit at the centre of such a network. SAFM regularly engages with managers and stakeholders, undertakes scientific research, provides fisheries advice to the UK government, and are leading experts within the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). As such, this paper is an opinion piece, linked to individual authors specialisms, that aims to highlight emerging issues affecting fisheries and suggest where research efforts could be focused that contribute to sustainable fisheries.

Skeletal mineralogy of marine calcifying organisms shaped by seawater temperature and evolutionary history—A case study of cheilostome bryozoans - Anna Piwoni‐Piórewicz; Lee Hsiang Liow; Małgorzata Krzemińska; Maciej Chełchowski; Anna Iglikowska; Fabrizia Ronco; Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz; Abigail M. Smith; Dennis P. Gordon; Andrea Waeschenbach; Jens Najorka; Blanca Figuerola; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Quantify the contribution of environmental factors (water temperature, salinity and depth) and evolutionary history to varied skeletal mineralogy in calcifying marine organisms. Location Global Ocean. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Order: Cheilostomatida; Phylum: Bryozoa. Methods We employed X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to analyse the skeletal mineral composition of 872 individual colonies, representing 437 bryozoan species, in terms of calcite/aragonite ratios. We integrated these data with equivalent published data, thus reaching 981 species, and applied linear models (LMs), generalized linear models (GLMs) and phylogenetic generalized least squares models (PGLSs) to investigate the influences of temperature, salinity, depth and phylogenetic history on the mineralogy of nearly 1000 cheilostome bryozoan species. Results Cheilostome bryozoans vary considerably in their skeletal mineral composition: in our dataset 65% of the species possess purely calcite skeletons, 15% exclusively employ aragonite and 20% exhibit mixed (i.e. calcite and aragonite) mineralogies. Temperature is the predominant measured environmental factor influencing bryozoan skeletal mineralogy, accounting for 20% of its variability across species, when phylogenetic relatedness is unaccounted for. Bryozoans in lower latitudes, characterized by higher seawater temperatures, have higher aragonite concentrations. By accounting for phylogenetic structure using a subset of 87 species for which we have topological information, 40% of the observed mineralogical variability could be attributed to present‐day temperature. In contrast, depth and salinity played minor roles, explaining less than 1% of the mineralogical variation each. Main conclusions This study emphasizes the influence of evolutionary history on the mineralogical variability of calcifying organisms, even when it can be shown that a single environmental factor (temperature) explains a substantial amount of this variability. When confronted with changing temperature, calcifiers such as bryozoans are likely to respond in diverse ways, depending on the species, given their phylogenetic relatedness and the external conditions they meet.

Wheat genetic resources have avoided disease pandemics, improved food security, and reduced environmental footprints: A review of historical impacts and future opportunities - Julie King; Susanne Dreisigacker; Matthew Reynolds; Anindya Bandyopadhyay; Hans‐Joachim Braun; Leonardo Crespo‐Herrera; Jose Crossa; Velu Govindan; Julio Huerta; Maria Itria Ibba; Carlos A. Robles‐Zazueta; Carolina Saint Pierre; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
The use of plant genetic resources (PGR)—wild relatives, landraces, and isolated breeding gene pools—has had substantial impacts on wheat breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, while increasing nutritional value, end‐use quality, and grain yield. In the Global South, post‐Green Revolution genetic yield gains are generally achieved with minimal additional inputs. As a result, production has increased, and millions of hectares of natural ecosystems have been spared. Without PGR‐derived disease resistance, fungicide use would have easily doubled, massively increasing selection pressure for fungicide resistance. It is estimated that in wheat, a billion liters of fungicide application have been avoided just since 2000. This review presents examples of successful use of PGR including the relentless battle against wheat rust epidemics/pandemics, defending against diseases that jump species barriers like blast, biofortification giving nutrient‐dense varieties and the use of novel genetic variation for improving polygenic traits like climate resilience. Crop breeding genepools urgently need to be diversified to increase yields across a range of environments (>200 Mha globally), under less predictable weather and biotic stress pressure, while increasing input use efficiency. Given that the ~0.8 m PGR in wheat collections worldwide are relatively untapped and massive impacts of the tiny fraction studied, larger scale screenings and introgression promise solutions to emerging challenges, facilitated by advanced phenomic and genomic tools. The first translocations in wheat to modify rhizosphere microbiome interaction (reducing biological nitrification, reducing greenhouse gases, and increasing nitrogen use efficiency) is a landmark proof of concept. Phenomics and next‐generation sequencing have already elucidated exotic haplotypes associated with biotic and complex abiotic traits now mainstreamed in breeding. Big data from decades of global yield trials can elucidate the benefits of PGR across environments. This kind of impact cannot be achieved without widescale sharing of germplasm and other breeding technologies through networks and public–private partnerships in a pre‐competitive space.

Southern Flounder: Major Milestones and Remaining Knowledge Gaps in Their Biology, Ecology, and Fishery Management - Stephen R. Midway; Frederick S. Scharf; Michael A. Dance; Nancy J. Brown-Peterson; Joseph C. Ballenger; Nicolette S. Beeken; Russell J. Borski; Tanya L. Darden; Kenneth A. Erickson; Troy M. Farmer; Ashley Fincannon; John Godwin; et al. (Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2024)

Detection of mpox virus in wastewater provides forewarning of clinical cases in Canadian cities - Edgard M. Mejia; Nikho A. Hizon; Codey E. Dueck; Ravinder Lidder; Jade Daigle; Quinn Wonitowy; Nestor G. Medina; Umar P. Mohammed; Graham W. Cox; David Safronetz; Mable Hagan; Jim Strong; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Mapping material stocks of buildings and mobility infrastructure in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland - Dominik Wiedenhofer; Franz Schug; Hannes Gauch; Maud Lanau; Michal P. Drewniok; André Baumgart; Doris Virág; Harry Watt; André Cabrera Serrenho; Danielle Densley Tingley; Helmut Haberl; David Frantz (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2024)

Reconstruction of seamless harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) time series via self-supervised learning - Hao Liu; Hankui K. Zhang; Bo Huang; Lin Yan; Khuong K. Tran; Yuean Qiu; Xiaoyang Zhang; David P. Roy (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

The deglacial history of 79N glacier and the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream - David H. Roberts; Timothy P. Lane; Richard S. Jones; Michael J. Bentley; Christopher M. Darvill; Angel Rodes; James A. Smith; Stewart S.R. Jamieson; Brice R. Rea; Derek Fabel; Delia Gheorghiu; Allan Davidson; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

A new moment tensor catalogue of light to moderate earthquakes in Palu-Koro and Matano faults, Sulawesi, based on the regional network in Indonesia: Fault analysis and insight - Dian Kusumawati; David P. Sahara; Nanang T. Puspito; Mudrik R. Daryono; Andri D. Nugraha; Muhamad Sadly; Bambang S. Prayitno; Daryono Daryono; Nova Heryandoko; Supriyanto Rohadi (Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2024)

Toxicology of Dyes: Editorial Introduction - P. David Josephy; Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro; Rob Keyzers (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study - Mandy Goldberg; Margaret A. Adgent; Danielle R. Stevens; Helen B. Chin; Kelly K. Ferguson; Antonia M. Calafat; Gregory Travlos; Eileen G. Ford; Virginia A. Stallings; Walter J. Rogan; David M. Umbach; Donna D. Baird; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

Is hyperaccumulation a viable hypothesis for organic associations of minor elements in coals? - James C. Hower; Maheteme Gebremedhin; Demetrio P. Zourarakis; Robert B. Finkelman; David French; Ian T. Graham; Harold H. Schobert; Lei Zhao; Shifeng Dai (Earth-Science Reviews, 2024)

Geotechnical correlation field-informed and data-driven prediction of spatially varying geotechnical properties - Weihang Chen; Jianwen Ding; Chao Shi; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly (Computers and Geotechnics, 2024)

Dynamic analysis of unsaturated porous media under moving loads by the time domain FEM using moving coordinates - Yanfei Pei; Qian Su; Rui Su; Kaiwen Liu; David P. Connolly; Tengfei Wang (Computers and Geotechnics, 2024)

Pharmacologic profile of ITI-333: a novel molecule for treatment of substance use disorders - Gretchen L. Snyder; Peng Li; Terry Martin; Lei Zhang; Wei Yao; Hailin Zheng; David R. Maguire; Lisa R. Gerak; Kimberly E. Vanover; Charles P. France; Robert Davis (Psychopharmacology, 2024)
Rationale Medications are urgently needed to treat symptoms of drug withdrawal and mitigate dysphoria and psychiatric comorbidities that drive opioid abuse and relapse. ITI-333 is a novel molecule in development for treatment of substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and pain. Objective Characterize the preclinical profile of ITI-333 using pharmacological, behavioral, and physiological assays. Methods Cell-based assays were used to measure receptor binding and intrinsic efficacy of ITI-333; animal models were employed to assess effects on opioid reinstatement, precipitated oxycodone withdrawal, and drug abuse liability. Results In vitro, ITI-333 is a potent 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist (K i = 8 nM) and a biased, partial agonist at μ-opioid (MOP) receptors (K i = 11 nM; lacking β-arrestin agonism) with lesser antagonist activity at adrenergic α 1A (K i = 28 nM) and dopamine D 1 (K i = 50 nM) receptors. In vivo, ITI-333 blocks 5-HT 2A receptor-mediated head twitch and MOP receptor-mediated effects on motor hyperactivity in mice. ITI-333 alone is a naloxone-sensitive analgesic (mice) which suppresses somatic signs of naloxone-precipitated oxycodone withdrawal (mice) and heroin cue-induced reinstatement responding without apparent tolerance or physical dependence after chronic dosing (rats). ITI-333 did not acutely impair gastrointestinal or pulmonary function (rats) and was not intravenously self-administered by heroin-maintained rats or rhesus monkeys. Conclusions ITI-333 acts as a potent 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist, as well a biased MOP receptor partial agonist with low intrinsic efficacy. ITI-333 mitigates opioid withdrawal/reinstatement, supporting its potential utility as a treatment for OUD.

Removing snares is an effective conservation intervention: a case study involving chimpanzees - John C. Mitani; Samuel Angedakin; Herbert Kasozi; Carolyn Rowney; Lauren Sarringhaus; James Tibisimwa; David P. Watts; Kevin E. Langergraber (Primates, 2024)

SubSol-HIe is an AMPK-dependent hypoxia-responsive subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius that coordinates the hypoxic ventilatory response and protects against apnoea in mice - Sandy MacMillan; David P. Burns; Ken D. O’Halloran; A. Mark Evans (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2024)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that the hypoxic ventilatory response is facilitated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), not at the carotid bodies, but within a subnucleus (Bregma -7.5 to -7.1 mm) of the nucleus tractus solitarius that exhibits right-sided bilateral asymmetry. Here, we map this subnucleus using cFos expression as a surrogate for neuronal activation and mice in which the genes encoding the AMPK-α1 ( Prkaa1 ) and AMPK-α2 ( Prkaa2 ) catalytic subunits were deleted in catecholaminergic cells by Cre expression via the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. Comparative analysis of brainstem sections, relative to controls, revealed that AMPK-α1/α2 deletion inhibited, with right-sided bilateral asymmetry, cFos expression in and thus activation of a neuronal cluster that partially spanned three interconnected anatomical nuclei adjacent to the area postrema: SolDL (Bregma -7.44 mm to -7.48 mm), SolDM (Bregma -7.44 mm to -7.48 mm) and SubP (Bregma -7.48 mm to -7.56 mm). This approximates the volume identified by fMRI. Moreover, these nuclei are known to be in receipt of carotid body afferent inputs, and catecholaminergic neurons of SubP and SolDL innervate aspects of the ventrolateral medulla responsible for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Accordingly, AMPK-α1/α2 deletion attenuated hypoxia-evoked increases in minute ventilation (normalised to metabolism), reductions in expiration time, and increases sigh frequency, but increased apnoea frequency during hypoxia. The metabolic response to hypoxia in AMPK-α1/α2 knockout mice and the brainstem and spinal cord catecholamine levels were equivalent to controls. We conclude that within the brainstem an AMPK-dependent, hypoxia-responsive subnucleus partially spans SubP, SolDM and SolDL, namely SubSol-HIe, and is critical to coordination of active expiration, the hypoxic ventilatory response and defence against apnoea.

American College of Medical Toxicology Research Agenda 2024—2030 - Neeraj Chhabra; Alison Meyn; Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi; Stephanie P. Carreiro; Kevin Maskell; Marielle Brenner; David H. Jang; Mark B. Mycyk; Paul Wax (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2024)

Reimagining the language of engagement in a post-stakeholder world - Mark S. Reed; Bethann Garramon Merkle; Elizabeth J. Cook; Caitlin Hafferty; Adam P. Hejnowicz; Richard Holliman; Ian D. Marder; Ursula Pool; Christopher M. Raymond; Kenneth E. Wallen; David Whyte; Marta Ballesteros; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2024)
Language matters in shaping perceptions and guiding behaviour. The term stakeholder is widely used, yet little attention is paid to the possibility that its use may inadvertently perpetuate colonial narratives and reinforce systemic inequities. In this article, we critically examine the limitations of the stakeholder concept and its ambiguity, normativity, and exclusionary implications. We emphasise the importance of using language that gives a voice to marginalised groups, promotes inclusion and equity, and fosters meaningful and reflexive participation in decision-making processes. In critiquing the use of the term and calling for alternative practices, we aim to contribute to the decolonisation of research norms and the creation of more inclusive and equitable societies. Therefore, rather than advocating a single alternative term, we suggest a focus on the people, places, and species affected by decisions, interventions, projects, and issues.

A multi-platform approach for the comprehensive analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and fluorine mass balance in commercial ski wax products - Raquel Gonzalez de Vega; Merle Plassmann; David Clases; Klaus Zangger; Viktoria Müller; Erwin Rosenberg; Anders Reimann; Lisa Skedung; Jonathan P. Benskin; Jörg Feldmann (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2024)

Venus cloud sample return concept for astrobiology - Rachana Agrawal; Sara Seager; Janusz J. Petkowski; Christopher E. Carr; Weston P. Buchanan; Kathryn Bywaters; Maxim de Jong; David H. Grinspoon; Iaroslav Iakubivskyi; Isabel R. King; Sarag J. Saikia; Kris Zacny (Advances in Space Research, 2024)

Revealing the profound influence of diapause on gene expression: Insights from the annual transcriptome of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus - Laura Payton; Kim S. Last; Jordan Grigor; Céline Noirot; Lukas Hüppe; David V. P. Conway; Mona Dannemeyer; David Wilcockson; Bettina Meyer (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Annual rhythms are observed in living organisms with numerous ecological implications. In the zooplanktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus , such rhythms are crucial regarding its phenology, body lipid accumulation, and global carbon storage. Climate change drives annual biological rhythms out of phase with the prevailing environmental conditions with yet unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences. However, the molecular dynamics underlying phenology are still poorly described. In a rhythmic analysis of C. finmarchicus annual gene expression, results reveal that more than 90% of the transcriptome shows significant annual rhythms, with abrupt and dramatic upheaval between the active and diapause life cycle states. This work explores the implication of the circadian clock in the annual timing, which may control epigenetic mechanisms to profoundly modulate gene expression in response to calendar time. Results also suggest an increased light sensitivity during diapause that would ensure the photoperiodic entrainment of the endogenous annual clock.

Counter‐gradient variation in gene expression between fish populations facilitates colonization of low‐dissolved oxygen environments - Janay A. Fox; David A. G. A. Hunt; Andrew P. Hendry; Lauren J. Chapman; Rowan D. H. Barrett (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
The role of phenotypic plasticity during colonization remains unclear due to the shifting importance of plasticity across timescales. In the early stages of colonization, plasticity can facilitate persistence in a novel environment; but over evolutionary time, processes such as genetic assimilation may reduce variation in plastic traits such that species with a longer evolutionary history in an environment can show lower levels of plasticity than recent invaders. Therefore, comparing species in the early stages of colonization to long‐established species provides a powerful approach for uncovering the role of phenotypic plasticity during different stages of colonization. We compared gene expression between low‐dissolved oxygen (DO) and high‐DO populations of two cyprinid fish: Enteromius apleurogramma , a species that has undergone a recent range expansion, and E. neumayeri , a long‐established native species in the same region. We sampled tissue either immediately after capture from the field or after a 2‐week acclimation under high‐DO conditions, allowing us to test for both evolved and plastic differences in low‐DO vs high‐DO populations of each species. We found that most genes showing candidate‐evolved differences in gene expression did not overlap with those showing plastic differences in gene expression. However, in the genes that did overlap, there was counter‐gradient variation such that plastic and evolved gene expression responses were in opposite directions in both species. Additionally, E. apleurogramma had higher levels of plasticity and evolved divergence in gene expression between field populations. We suggest that the higher level of plasticity and counter‐gradient variation may have allowed rapid genetic adaptation in E. apleurogramma and facilitated colonization. This study shows how counter‐gradient variation may impact the colonization of divergent oxygen environments.

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities - Bruno Garcia Luize; David Bauman; Hans ter Steege; Clarisse Palma‐Silva; Iêda Leão do Amaral; Luiz de Souza Coelho; Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos; Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho; Rafael P. Salomão; Florian Wittmann; Carolina V. Castilho; Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega‐phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white‐sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured ( R 2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified ( R 2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long‐standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.

Spatial extent predicts Andean epiphyte biodiversity responses to habitat loss and fragmentation across human‐modified landscapes - Edicson Parra‐Sanchez; David P. Edwards (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Human‐driven landscape processes such as habitat loss and fragmentation act on biodiversity, but their effects are mediated by the spatial scale at which they are observed. We aim to analyse the scale‐of‐effects (direction and spatial extent) of landscape‐scale processes that best explain species richness and abundance across epiphyte communities. Location Neotropics, Northern Andes, Colombia, Eastern cordillera. Taxon Vascular epiphytes, Orchidaceae. Methods We used field data to unravel the scale‐of‐effect of three landscape processes—habitat loss (forest cover), fragmentation (number of patches) and edge effects (edge density)—on epiphyte biodiversity. Vascular epiphytes were sampled in the understorey across 141 plots within 23 Andean forests in the eastern Colombian cordillera We focused on the community‐level responses (species richness and total abundance) of the hyperdiverse vascular epiphyte communities using generalized linear mixed models to quantify the direction and the spatial extent of the scale‐of‐effects. Results Habitat loss and edge effects act at fine spatial extents (scale‐of‐effects = 200 m), predicting low species richness and abundance across groups. Likewise, fragmentation negatively impacts communities, but operates at larger spatial extents (scale‐of‐effects = 2000–2400 m radius). The detection of these effects is contingent upon the spatial extent and specific landscape processes involved. Models of habitat loss within a spatial extent of 800–1500 m (large confidence intervals), fragmentation below 300 m, and edge effects above 800 m show weak statistical support (marginal r 2 = 0.02–0.1). Thus, the impacts of these landscape processes may be overlooked if studied at inadequate spatial extents. Main Conclusions We showed that habitat loss, fragmentation and edge effects all play a negative role on understorey epiphytic communities, but their detectability is scale dependant. The scale‐of‐effects can assist landscape designs that are beneficial for epiphytic communities, by preserving forest cover, and reducing fragmentation and exposure to edge effects at small scales (200–300 m). Conversely, landscape‐scale actions directed at reducing habitat loss and fragmentation function at larger spatial extents (>2000 m). Selecting a priori or inadequate spatial extents of analysis can obscure the detectability of landscape processes.

Impacts of climate change on mangrove subsistence fisheries: a global review - Roann P. Alberto; Judith A. Teano; Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto; Mark Anthony B. Tangonan; Hazel Jade E. Villamar; Sarah Clement; David J. S. Montagnes; Andrew P. Morse (Marine Life Science & Technology, 2024)
Climate change will impact coastal ecosystems, threatening subsistence fisheries including those in mangrove forests. Despite their global contributions and roles in nutrition and cultural identity, mangrove subsistence fisheries are poorly studied. Here, we offer a foundation for improving the management of mangrove subsistence fisheries to deal with the impending effects of climate change. This multidisciplinary review—drawing on organismal biology, ecology, fisheries, and social science—focuses on the climate impacts relevant to mangrove ecosystems: heat waves, low-category, and high-category typhoons. First, we provide an overview of the mangroves, their harvestable stocks (fish, crustaceans, molluscs), and the fishers, offering an understanding of how they may be affected by relevant environmental variables; i.e., shifts in temperature, salinity, oxygen, flooding, and sediments. Then, we examine the potential effects of climate change on mangrove stocks and fishers, indicating the scope of impending changes. By combining the above information, we develop a simple model that forecasts the number of “fishing-days” lost by fishers due to climate change over the next decade (between 11 and 21 days will be lost per year per fisher). This indicates which aspects of climate change will have the greatest impacts on stocks and fishers. We found that high-category typhoons had more impacts than heat waves, which in turn had a greater impact than low-category typhoons). Finally, recognising gaps in our knowledge and understanding, we offer recommendations for approaches for future work to improve our predictions.

Accelerator mass spectrometry measurements of 233U in groundwater, soil and vegetation at a legacy radioactive waste site - Timothy E. Payne; Jennifer J. Harrison; David P. Child; Stuart Hankin; Michael A.C. Hotchkis; Catherine E. Hughes; Mathew P. Johansen; Sangeeth Thiruvoth; Kerry L. Wilsher (Chemosphere, 2024)

The propagation of disturbances in ecological networks - Lucas P. Martins; David Garcia-Callejas; Hao Ran Lai; Kate L. Wootton; Jason M. Tylianakis (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Soil metabolomics - current challenges and future perspectives - Robert W. Brown; Michaela K. Reay; Florian Centler; David R. Chadwick; Ian D. Bull; James E. McDonald; Richard P. Evershed; Davey L. Jones (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

Changes in plasma concentrations of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances after bariatric surgery in adolescents from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study - Brittney O. Baumert; Sandrah P. Eckel; Jesse A. Goodrich; Zhenjiang Li; Nikos Stratakis; Douglas I. Walker; Yinqi Zhao; Fabian Christoph Fischer; Scott Bartell; Damaskini Valvi; Xiangping Lin; Zoe Coates Fuentes; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Occurrence and mobility of thiolated arsenic in legacy mine tailings - Jaabir D. Ali; Adriana Guatame-Garcia; Heather E. Jamieson; Michael B. Parsons; Matthew I. Leybourne; Iris Koch; Kela P. Weber; David J. Patch; Anna L. Harrison; Bas Vriens (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Biomarker and proteome analysis of milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis: Determining the effect of different bacterial pathogens on the response to infection - Emily L. O'Reilly; Lorenzo Viora; Francisco Malcata; P. Theo Pepler; Ruth Zadoks; Nicola Brady; Han Quang Hanh; Mark McLaughlin; Anita Horvatic; Andrea Gelemanovic; Josipa Kules; Vladimir Mrljak; et al. (Research in Veterinary Science, 2024)

A thin-skinned thrust model for ice-marginal glacitectonic detachment and emplacement of Carboniferous bedrock rafts at Kilcummin Head, NW Ireland - David P. Vaughan; Emrys Phillips; Jonathan R. Lee; Jane K. Hart (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2024)

The planetary protection strategy of Mars Sample Return’s Earth Return Orbiter mission - Giuseppe Cataldo; Lorenz Affentranger; Brian G. Clement; Daniel P. Glavin; David W. Hughes; John Hall; Bruno Sarli; Christine E. Szalai (Journal of Space Safety Engineering, 2024)

Projections of future streamflow for Australia informed by CMIP6 and previous generations of global climate models - Hongxing Zheng; Francis H.S. Chiew; David A. Post; David E. Robertson; Stephen P. Charles; Michael R. Grose; Nicholas J. Potter (Journal of Hydrology, 2024)

Increasing temperature and time in glasshouses increases honey bee activity and affects internal brood conditions - Darren P. O'Connell; Bronte M. Baker; David Atauri; Julia C. Jones (Journal of Insect Physiology, 2024)

Employees’ experiences of outdoor adventure training on psychological capital and wellbeing: A mixed methods case study - William P. Tyne; David Fletcher; Nicola J. Paine; Clare Stevinson (Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 2024)

Multistage evolution of gold mineralization in the Kibali gold district: Insights from pyrite analyses - Yann Waku Mpaka; Bjorn P. Von der Heyden; Sarah Glynn; Gary Hurst; David Lawrence; Trézène Bampata; Etienne Mwandale (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2024)

Topography formation driven by sublimation of pure species on icy airless worlds - Antonio Macias Canizares; Daniel F. Berisford; David Goldstein; Philip Varghese; Laurence Trafton; Jordan Steckloff; Kevin P. Hand (Icarus, 2024)

Responses of bird functional communities to anthropogenic disturbances in the naturally fragmented Southern Mistbelt Forests in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Nasiphi Bitani; Craig P. Cordier; David A. Ehlers Smith; Yvette C. Ehlers Smith; Colleen T. Downs (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

An international inter-laboratory study to compare digital PCR with ISO standardized qPCR assays for the detection of norovirus GI and GII in oyster tissue - Ingeborg L.A. Boxman; Ramia Molin; Sofia Persson; Anna Juréus; Claudia C.C. Jansen; Nils P. Sosef; Soizick F. Le Guyader; Joanna Ollivier; Maija Summa; Maria Hautaniemi; Elisabetta Suffredini; Simona Di Pasquale; et al. (Food Microbiology, 2024)

CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities [DNA repair 106 (2021) 103176–103202] - Jing Ge; Le P. Ngo; Simran Kaushal; Ian J. Tay; Elina Thadhani; Jennifer E. Kay; Patrizia Mazzucato; Danielle Chow; Jessica Fessler; David M. Weingeist; Robert W. Sobol; Leona D. Samson; et al. (DNA Repair, 2024)

Lowering Hippocampal miR-29a Expression Slows Cognitive Decline and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in 5×FAD Mice - Zhen Mei; Jiaqi Liu; Jason P Schroeder; David Weinshenker; Duc M. Duong; Nicholas T. Seyfried; Yujing Li; Peng Jin; Aliza P. Wingo; Thomas S. Wingo (Molecular Neurobiology, 2024)
microRNA-29a (miR-29a) increases with age in humans and mice, and, in the brain, it has a role in neuronal maturation and response to inflammation. We previously found higher miR-29a levels in the human brain to be associated with faster antemortem cognitive decline, suggesting that lowering miR-29a levels could ameliorate memory impairment in the 5×FAD AD mouse model. To test this, we generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing GFP and a miR-29a “sponge” or empty vector. We found that the AAV expressing miR-29a sponge functionally reduced miR-29a levels and improved measures of memory in the Morris water maze and fear condition paradigms when delivered to the hippocampi of 5×FAD and WT mice. miR-29a sponge significantly reduced hippocampal beta-amyloid deposition in 5×FAD mice and lowered astrocyte and microglia activation in both 5×FAD and WT mice. Using transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, we identified Plxna1 and Wdfy1 as putative effectors at the transcript and protein level in WT and 5×FAD mice, respectively. These data indicate that lower miR-29a levels mitigate cognitive decline, making miR-29a and its target genes worth further evaluation as targets to mitigate Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Clinical impact and cost-consequence analysis of ePlex® blood culture identification panels for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections: a single-center randomized controlled trial - Yvan Caspar; A. Deves; C. Richarme; M. Le Marechal; L. Ponderand; A.-L. Mounayar; S. Lejeune; J. Arata-Bardet; M. Gallouche; C. Recule; D. Maubon; C. Garnaud; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)
Purpose To assess clinical impact and perform cost-consequence analysis of the broadest multiplex PCR panels available for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI). Methods Single-center, randomized controlled trial conducted from June 2019 to February 2021 at a French University hospital with an institutional antimicrobial stewardship program. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with optimized antimicrobial treatment 12 h after transmission of positivity and Gram stain results from the first positive BC. Results This percentage was significantly higher in the multiplex PCR (mPCR) group (90/105 = 85.7% %, CI95% [77.5 ; 91.8] vs. 68/107 = 63.6%, CI95% [53.7 ; 72.6]; p < 10 − 3 ) at interim analysis, resulting in the early termination of the study after the inclusion of 309 patients. For patients not optimized at baseline, the median time to obtain an optimized therapy was much shorter in the mPCR group than in the control group (6.9 h, IQR [2.9; 17.8] vs. 26.4 h, IQR [3.4; 47.5]; p = 0.001). Early optimization of antibiotic therapy resulted in a non-statistically significant decrease in mortality from 12.4 to 8.8% ( p = 0.306), with a trend towards a shorter median length of stay (18 vs. 20 days; p = 0.064) and a non-significant reduction in the average cost per patient of €3,065 ( p = 0.15). mPCR identified all the bacteria present in 88% of the samples. Conclusion Despite its higher laboratory cost, the use of multiplex PCR for BSI diagnosis leads to early-optimised therapy, seems cost-effective and could reduce mortality and length of stay. Their impact could probably be improved if implemented 24/7.

Concentration and Distribution of Toxic and Essential Elements in Traditional Rice Varieties of Sri Lanka Grown on an Anuradhapura District Farm - Thomas E. Lockwood; Richard B. Banati; Chandima Nikagolla; Jake P. Violi; David P. Bishop (Biological Trace Element Research, 2024)
Toxic heavy metals have been the focus of many investigations into chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) within Sri Lanka. It has been hypothesised that exposure to nephrotoxic arsenic, cadmium and lead could play a role in the development of CKDu, and these metals have previously been found in unsafe concentrations in Sri Lankan rice. Traditional varieties of Sri Lankan rice remain popular due to their perceived health benefits, but their uptake of trace and toxic heavy metals remained unexplored. Here, we report a one-time, cross-sectional dataset on the concentrations of essential and toxic elements present in eleven samples of polished and unpolished traditional rice varieties, all regularly grown and sold in the Anuradhapura district, a CKDu hotspot. All rice was sourced from the same farm, with the exception of one store bought sample grown on another, unidentified farm. Cadmium concentrations varied significantly between varieties, and potentially unsafe concentrations of cadmium were detected in the store-bought sample (Suwadel, 113±13 μg kg −1 ). Elemental imaging of the grains revealed lead to be stored mainly in the rice bran, which is removed during polishing, while cadmium was distributed in the edible portion of the grain. Essential elements were generally higher in the traditional rice varieties than those reported for non-traditional varieties and are a potential source of trace elements for nutrient-deficient communities. The concentration of selenium, an element that plays a protective role in the kidneys, was too low to provide the minimum recommended intake. The methods developed in this study could be applied to a more comprehensive study of elemental uptake of rice under controlled growing conditions.

Effects of dairy farming management practices on carbon balances in New Zealand’s grazed grasslands: Synthesis from 68 site-years - Aaron M. Wall; Johannes Laubach; David I. Campbell; Jordan P. Goodrich; Scott L. Graham; John E. Hunt; Paul L. Mudge; David Whitehead; Louis A. Schipper (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2024)

Whole-farm yield map datasets – Data validation for exploring spatiotemporal yield and economic stability - David E. Clarke; Elizabeth A. Stockdale; Jacqueline A. Hannam; Benjamin P. Marchant; Stephen H. Hallett (Agricultural Systems, 2024)

Forest carbon uptake as influenced by snowpack and length of photosynthesis season in seasonally snow-covered forests of North America - Julia C. Yang; David R. Bowling; Kenneth R. Smith; Lewis Kunik; Brett Raczka; William R.L. Anderegg; Michael Bahn; Peter D. Blanken; Andrew D. Richardson; Sean P. Burns; Gil Bohrer; Ankur R. Desai; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Size-specific vulnerability of mollusks to juvenile black carp predation - Andrew D. Runyon; Anthony P. Porreca; David J. Yff; Joseph J. Parkos (Biological Invasions, 2024)

Change in rate of healthcare encounters for respiratory infection from air pollution exposure after improved vehicle emissions standards in New York State - Daniel P. Croft; Mark J. Utell; Han Liu; Shao Lin; Philip K. Hopke; Sally W. Thurston; Yunle Chen; David Q. Rich (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2024)
The introduction of Tier 3 light-duty vehicles with reduced emissions began in New York State (NYS) in 2017, with required compliance by 2025. We hypothesized that improved air quality during the early implementation of Tier 3 (2017–2019) would result in reduced rates of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory infection associated with increased PM 2.5 compared to 2014–2016 (pre-Tier 3). Using data on adult patients hospitalized or having an ED visit for influenza, upper respiratory infection, culture-negative pneumonia, or respiratory bacterial infection, living within 15 miles of six air quality monitoring sites in NY, and a case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression, we estimated the rates of respiratory infection hospitalizations and ED visits associated with increased ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in the previous 0–6 days and each week thereafter up to 1 month. Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM 2.5 in the previous 6 days were associated with 4.6% (95% CI: − 0.5, 10.1) and 11.9% (95% CI = 6.1, 18.0) increased rates of influenza hospitalizations in 2014–2016 and 2017–2019, respectively. This pattern of larger relative rates in 2017–2019 observed at all lag times was only present in males hospitalized for influenza but not other infections or in females. The rates of respiratory infection visits associated with increased PM 2.5 were generally not reduced in this early Tier 3 implementation period compared to 2014–2016. Limited fleet penetration of Tier 3 vehicles and differences in particle deposition, infection type, and sex by period may all have contributed to this lack of improvement.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Spatial differences in recruit density, survival, and size structure prevent population growth of stony coral assemblages in southeast Florida - Nicholas P. Jones; David S. Gilliam (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
The size structure of stony coral populations can reveal underlying demographic barriers to population growth or recovery. Recent declines in coral cover from acute disturbances are well documented, but few studies have assessed size structure and the demographic processes that determine population growth. Vital rates, such as recruitment and survival, vary spatially and temporally in response to environmental conditions, in turn influencing assemblage composition. The Southeast Florida Coral Reef Ecosystem Conservation Area (Coral ECA) is a high-latitude reef system offshore of a heavily urbanized coastline. Consecutive heat stress events, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), and Hurricane Irma caused significant declines in stony coral cover and density from 2014 to 2018. The recovery potential of stony coral assemblages is influenced by their composition, the size structure of the remnant populations, and population growth during inter-disturbance periods. To assess the viability of the remaining stony coral assemblages in the Coral ECA, we quantified variation in stony coral recruit density, abundance, size structure, and assemblage composition across depth and latitude at permanent sites over 3 years (2019–2022) when no disturbances occurred. We found spatial decoupling in recruit density, adult colony density, and cover that maintains a preponderance of small colonies and skewed size structure. At sites close to shore where recruit density was higher, there was limited evidence of survival and growth of recruits, while at sites where large colonies were sampled or cover was relatively high, there was limited recruitment. The majority (>75%) of recruits sampled were Siderastrea siderea , but size frequency distributions were positively skewed and the coefficient of variation was high, suggesting high recruit/juvenile colony mortality and little growth into larger size classes. Porites astreoides size structure was generally lognormal and mesokurtic, particularly closer to shore, suggesting a transition between size classes. Skewness decreased moving offshore in Montastraea cavernosa and S. siderea , suggesting a transition between size classes. Recruit and adult diversity also increased moving offshore, but recruits of most species were uncommon throughout the study area. We suggest that low recruitment and high mortality, particularly in small colonies and inshore, even during inter-disturbance periods, limit the population growth of stony coral assemblages in southeast Florida.

A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States - Kathryn A. Williams; Julia Gulka; Aonghais S. C. P. Cook; Robert H. Diehl; Andrew Farnsworth; Holly Goyert; Cris Hein; Pamela Loring; David Mizrahi; Ib Krag Petersen; Trevor Peterson; Kate McClellan Press; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Offshore wind energy development (OWED), while a key strategy for reducing carbon emissions, has potential negative effects to wildlife that should be examined to inform decision making and adaptive management as the industry expands. We present a conceptual framework to guide the long-term study of potential effects to birds and bats from OWED. This framework includes a focus on exposure and vulnerability as key determinants of risk. For birds and bats that are exposed to OWED, there are three main effects of interest that may impact survival and productivity: 1) collision mortality, 2) behavioral responses, including avoidance, displacement, and attraction, and 3) habitat-mediated effects to prey populations. If these OWED effects cause changes in survival and/or breeding success (e.g., fitness), they have the potential for population-level consequences, including changes in population size and structure. Understanding the influence of ecological drivers on exposure and effect parameters can help to disentangle the potential impacts of OWED from other stressors. We use this theoretical framework to summarize existing relevant knowledge and identify current priority research questions (n=22) for the eastern United States, where large-scale development of OWED is primarily in the planning and early construction phase. We also identify recommendations for study design and further prioritization of research topics.

Identification of a homoarginine biosynthetic gene from a microcystin biosynthetic pathway in Fischerella sp. PCC 9339 - Xiaodan Ouyang; Matti Wahlsten; Maija Pollari; Endrews Delbaje; Jouni Jokela; David P. Fewer (Toxicon, 2024)

Development of new techniques and clinical applications of liquid biopsy in lung cancer management - Kezhong Chen; Yue He; Wenxiang Wang; Xiaoqiu Yuan; David P. Carbone; Fan Yang (Science Bulletin, 2024)

Imaging spectroscopy investigations in wet carbon ecosystems: A review of the literature from 1995 to 2022 and future directions - Thomas C. Ingalls; Jiwei Li; Yvonne Sawall; Roberta E. Martin; David R. Thompson; Gregory P. Asner (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Evaluation of in silico model predictions for mammalian acute oral toxicity and regulatory application in pesticide hazard and risk assessment - Patricia L. Bishop; Kamel Mansouri; William P. Eckel; Michael B. Lowit; David Allen; Amy Blankinship; Anna B. Lowit; D. Ethan Harwood; Tamara Johnson; Nicole C. Kleinstreuer (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

The impact of frequent wildfires during the Permian–Triassic transition: Floral change and terrestrial crisis in southwestern China - Fanghui Hua; Longyi Shao; Xuetian Wang; Timothy P. Jones; Tianchang Zhang; David P.G. Bond; Zhiming Yan; Jason Hilton (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2024)

New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7 Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya - Emma M. Finestone; Thomas W. Plummer; Thomas H. Vincent; Scott A. Blumenthal; Peter W. Ditchfield; Laura C. Bishop; James S. Oliver; Andy I.R. Herries; Christopher Vere Palfery; Timothy P. Lane; Elizabeth McGuire; Jonathan S. Reeves; et al. (Journal of Human Evolution, 2024)

Lunar Flashlight science ground and flight measurements and operations using a multi-band laser reflectometer - Barbara A. Cohen; Ryan R. Petersburg; Daniel R. Cremons; Patrick S. Russell; Paul O. Hayne; Benjamin T. Greenhagen; David A. Paige; Jose Martinez Camacho; Nathan Cheek; Mark T. Sullivan; Valeria Lopez Robles; Jessica Ban; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Mineral–water reactions in Earth’s mantle: Predictions from Born theory and ab initio molecular dynamics - Sarah J. Fowler; David M. Sherman; John P. Brodholt; Oliver T. Lord (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Patterns and predictors of mammalian taxonomic and functional species diversity in naturally fragmented Southern Mistbelt Forests in South Africa - Mbalenhle T. Sosibo; David A. Ehlers Smith; Yvette C. Ehlers Smith; S. Thobeka Gumede; Samukelisiwe P. Ngcobo; Colleen T. Downs (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Subchronic inhalation exposure to ultrafine particulate matter alters the intestinal microbiome in various mouse models - Candace Chang; Rajat Gupta; Farzaneh Sedighian; Allen Louie; David M. Gonzalez; Collin Le; Jae Min Cho; Seul-Ki Park; Jocelyn Castellanos; To-Wei Ting; Tien S. Dong; Nerea Arias-Jayo; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

A machine learning classifier for automated fault detection and diagnosis (AFDD) of rooftop units, addressing practical challenges of application - Md Rasel Uddin; David P. Yuill; Robert E. Williams; Bruce Dvorak (Energy and Buildings, 2024)

Comparing Australian public and farmer views on agricultural land use and management practices for sustainability - Nikki P. Dumbrell; Sarah Ann Wheeler; Alec Zuo; David Adamson (Ecological Economics, 2024)

Biochemical, structural, and computational analyses of two new clinically identified missense mutations of ALDH7A1 - David A. Korasick; David P. Buckley; Alessandra Palpacelli; Ida Cursio; Elisabetta Cesaroni; Jianlin Cheng; John J. Tanner (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2024)

Assessing the space between science and practice in endangered species conservation - David S. Jachowski; Stephen N. Harris; Alex J. Jensen; Meghan P. Keating; Michael S. Muthersbaugh; Dana L. Nelson; Brianna R. Pruitt; Eduardo Rosales; Elizabeth A. Saldo; Keifer L. Titus (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale - Juan Serratosa; Steffen Oppel; Shay Rotics; Andrea Santangeli; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Luis S. Cano-Alonso; Jose Luis Tellería; Ryno Kemp; Aaron Nicholas; Aigars Kalvāns; Aitor Galarza; Aldina M.A. Franco; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)