An MRI atlas of the mouse basal ganglia - Jeremy F. P. Ullmann; Charles Watson; Andrew L. Janke; Nyoman D. Kurniawan; George Paxinos; David C. Reutens (Brain Structure and Function, 2014)

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of symbiotic Bradyrhizobium japonicum - Sooyoung Franck; William L. Franck; Sean R. Birke; Woo-Suk Chang; Dipen P. Sangurdekar; Eddie Cytryn; Trupti Joshi; Michael Sadowsky; Gary Stacey; Dong Xu; David W. Emerich (Symbiosis, 2014)

Pyrogeographic models, feedbacks and the future of global fire regimes - David M. J. S. Bowman; Brett P. Murphy; Grant J. Williamson; Mark A. Cochrane (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Conceptual and phenomenological macroecological models of current global fire activity have demonstrated the overwhelming control exerted by primary productivity. Fire activity is very high in savanna regions with intermediate primary productivity, and very low in both densely forested regions with high productivity and arid/cold regions with low productivity. However, predicting future global fire activity using such macroecological models of fire's global ‘niche’ may not be possible because of the feedbacks between fire, climate and vegetation that underpin the fire−productivity relationship. Improving forecasts of global fire activity demands the use of dynamic models to determine how climate, CO 2 , vegetation (i.e. canopy closure and plant functional types) and primary productivity constrain fire and evaluation of the strength of feedbacks amongst these variables.

A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands - Merritt R. Turetsky; Agnieszka Kotowska; Jill Bubier; Nancy B. Dise; Patrick Crill; Ed R. C. Hornibrook; Kari Minkkinen; Tim R. Moore; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Hannu Nykänen; David Olefeldt; Janne Rinne; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Here, we assess controls on methane flux using a database of approximately 19 000 instantaneous measurements from 71 wetland sites located across subtropical, temperate, and northern high latitude regions. Our analyses confirm general controls on wetland methane emissions from soil temperature, water table, and vegetation, but also show that these relationships are modified depending on wetland type (bog, fen, or swamp), region (subarctic to temperate), and disturbance. Fen methane flux was more sensitive to vegetation and less sensitive to temperature than bog or swamp fluxes. The optimal water table for methane flux was consistently below the peat surface in bogs, close to the peat surface in poor fens, and above the peat surface in rich fens. However, the largest flux in bogs occurred when dry 30‐day averaged antecedent conditions were followed by wet conditions, while in fens and swamps, the largest flux occurred when both 30‐day averaged antecedent and current conditions were wet. Drained wetlands exhibited distinct characteristics, e.g. the absence of large flux following wet and warm conditions, suggesting that the same functional relationships between methane flux and environmental conditions cannot be used across pristine and disturbed wetlands. Together, our results suggest that water table and temperature are dominant controls on methane flux in pristine bogs and swamps, while other processes, such as vascular transport in pristine fens, have the potential to partially override the effect of these controls in other wetland types. Because wetland types vary in methane emissions and have distinct controls, these ecosystems need to be considered separately to yield reliable estimates of global wetland methane release.

Prediction of enteric methane emissions from cattle - Luis E. Moraes; Anders B. Strathe; James G. Fadel; David P. Casper; Ermias Kebreab (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Agriculture has a key role in food production worldwide and it is a major component of the gross domestic product of several countries. Livestock production is essential for the generation of high quality protein foods and the delivery of foods in regions where animal products are the main food source. Environmental impacts of livestock production have been examined for decades, but recently emission of methane from enteric fermentation has been targeted as a substantial greenhouse gas source. The quantification of methane emissions from livestock on a global scale relies on prediction models because measurements require specialized equipment and may be expensive. The predictive ability of current methane emission models remains poor. Moreover, the availability of information on livestock production systems has increased substantially over the years enabling the development of more detailed methane prediction models. In this study, we have developed and evaluated prediction models based on a large database of enteric methane emissions from North American dairy and beef cattle. Most probable models of various complexity levels were identified using a Bayesian model selection procedure and were fitted under a hierarchical setting. Energy intake, dietary fiber and lipid proportions, animal body weight and milk fat proportion were identified as key explanatory variables for predicting emissions. Models here developed substantially outperformed models currently used in national greenhouse gas inventories. Additionally, estimates of repeatability of methane emissions were lower than the ones from the literature and multicollinearity diagnostics suggested that prediction models are stable. In this context, we propose various enteric methane prediction models which require different levels of information availability and can be readily implemented in national greenhouse gas inventories of different complexity levels. The utilization of such models may reduce errors associated with prediction of methane and allow a better examination and representation of policies regulating emissions from cattle.

Optimizing carbon storage and biodiversity protection in tropical agricultural landscapes - James J. Gilroy; Paul Woodcock; Felicity A. Edwards; Charlotte Wheeler; Claudia A. Medina Uribe; Torbjørn Haugaasen; David P. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2014)
With the rapidly expanding ecological footprint of agriculture, the design of farmed landscapes will play an increasingly important role for both carbon storage and biodiversity protection. Carbon and biodiversity can be enhanced by integrating natural habitats into agricultural lands, but a key question is whether benefits are maximized by including many small features throughout the landscape (‘land‐sharing’ agriculture) or a few large contiguous blocks alongside intensive farmland (‘land‐sparing’ agriculture). In this study, we are the first to integrate carbon storage alongside multi‐taxa biodiversity assessments to compare land‐sparing and land‐sharing frameworks. We do so by sampling carbon stocks and biodiversity (birds and dung beetles) in landscapes containing agriculture and forest within the Colombian Chocó‐Andes, a zone of high global conservation priority. We show that woodland fragments embedded within a matrix of cattle pasture hold less carbon per unit area than contiguous primary or advanced secondary forests (>15 years). Farmland sites also support less diverse bird and dung beetle communities than contiguous forests, even when farmland retains high levels of woodland habitat cover. Landscape simulations based on these data suggest that land‐sparing strategies would be more beneficial for both carbon storage and biodiversity than land‐sharing strategies across a range of production levels. Biodiversity benefits of land‐sparing are predicted to be similar whether spared lands protect primary or advanced secondary forests, owing to the close similarity of bird and dung beetle communities between the two forest classes. Land‐sparing schemes that encourage the protection and regeneration of natural forest blocks thus provide a synergy between carbon and biodiversity conservation, and represent a promising strategy for reducing the negative impacts of agriculture on tropical ecosystems. However, further studies examining a wider range of ecosystem services will be necessary to fully understand the links between land‐allocation strategies and long‐term ecosystem service provision.

Selection of low-variance expressed Malus x domestica (apple) genes for use as quantitative PCR reference genes (housekeepers) - Judith Bowen; Hilary S. Ireland; Ross Crowhurst; Zhiwei Luo; Amy E. Watson; Toshi Foster; Nigel Gapper; Jim J. Giovanonni; James P. Mattheis; Chris Watkins; David Rudell; Jason W. Johnston; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2014)

Maternal age as a potential explanation of the role of the L allele of the serotonin transporter gene in anxiety and depression in Asians - David E. Comings; James P. MacMurray (Neuroscience Bulletin, 2014)

Catastrophic, rainfall-induced debris flows in Andean villages of Tarapacá, Atacama Desert, northern Chile - Sergio A. Sepúlveda; Sofía Rebolledo; James McPhee; Marisol Lara; Mauricio Cartes; Eduardo Rubio; David Silva; Nicolle Correia; Juan P. Vásquez (Landslides, 2014)

Temporal and spatial trends in water quality of Lake Taihu, China: analysis from a north to mid-lake transect, 1991–2011 - Dilek Eren Akyuz; Liancong Luo; David P. Hamilton (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data - Paul M. Thompson; Jason L. Stein; Sarah E. Medland; Derrek P. Hibar; Alejandro Arias Vasquez; Miguel E. Renteria; Roberto Toro; Neda Jahanshad; Gunter Schumann; Barbara Franke; Margaret J. Wright; Nicholas G. Martin; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Site-Specific Trade-offs of Harvesting Cereal Residues as Biofuel Feedstocks in Dryland Annual Cropping Systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA - David R. Huggins; Chad E. Kruger; Kathleen M. Painter; David P. Uberuaga (BioEnergy Research, 2014)

Performance of an empirical bias‐correction of a high‐resolution climate dataset - James C. Bennett; Michael R. Grose; Stuart P. Corney; Christopher J. White; Gregory K. Holz; Jack J. Katzfey; David A. Post; Nathaniel L. Bindoff (International Journal of Climatology, 2014)
We describe the method and performance of a bias‐correction applied to high‐resolution (˜10 km) simulations from a stretched‐grid Regional Climate Model ( RCM ) over Tasmania, Australia. The bias‐correction is a quantile mapping of empirical cumulative frequency distributions. Corrections are applied at a daily time step to five variables: rainfall, potential evaporation (PE), solar radiation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Corrections are calculated independently for each season. We show that quantile mapping of empirical distributions can be highly effective in correcting biases in RCM outputs. Cross‐validation shows biases are effectively reduced across the range of cumulative frequency distributions, with few exceptions. The bias‐correction is not as effective at correcting biases for values at or near zero (e.g. in rainfall simulations), although even here the bias‐correction improves biases evident in the uncorrected simulations. In addition, the bias‐correction improves frequency characteristics of variables such as the number of rain days. We use a detrending technique to apply the bias‐correction to 140‐year time series of RCM variables. We show that the bias‐correction effectively preserves long‐term changes (e.g. to the mean and variance) to variables projected by the uncorrected RCM simulations. Correlations between key variables are also largely preserved, thus the bias‐corrected outputs reflect the dynamics of the underlying RCM . However, the bias‐corrected simulations still exhibit some of the deficiencies of the RCM simulations, e.g. the tendency to underestimate the magnitude and duration of large, multi‐day rain events, and the tendency to underestimate the duration of dry spells. The bias‐corrected simulations for six downscaled GCMs for the A2 and B1 emissions scenarios are available to researchers from http://www.tpac.org.au .

Growth activity of gammaproteobacterial subgroups in waters off the west A ntarctic P eninsula in summer and fall - Mrinalini P. Nikrad; Matthew T. Cottrell; David L. Kirchman (Environmental Microbiology, 2014)
Summary Characterizing both growth and abundance is important in understanding the role of bacterial communities in biogeochemical cycling of global oceans. However, these two quantities are seldom measured together for specific bacterial clades. Our goal was to examine growth and abundance of three gammaproteobacterial subgroups, including SAR 86, at the single‐cell level by microautoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) in coastal waters of the west A ntarctic P eninsula region during two austral summers and one austral fall. We found that the SAR 86 clade was less abundant and grew more slowly than two related gammaproteobacterial clades, A nt4 D 3 and A rctic96 B ‐16. Over 60% of A nt4 D 3 and A rctic96 B ‐16 cells incorporated leucine, while only 25% of SAR 86 cells were active in both summer and fall. We also explored using the size of the FISH image as another measure of single‐cell activity. There was a linear relationship between FISH cell size and incorporation of leucine for all bacteria, A nt4 D 3 and A rctic96 B ‐16, but not for SAR 86. FISH sizes of SAR 86 cells were at least threefold smaller than cells in the other clades. Our results suggest slow growth of SAR 86 in the perennially cold waters of the west Antarctic Peninsula.

Assessing Risk to Birds from Industrial Wind Energy Development via Paired Resource Selection Models - TRICIA A. MILLER; ROBERT P. BROOKS; MICHAEL LANZONE; DAVID BRANDES; JEFF COOPER; KIERAN O'MALLEY; CHARLES MAISONNEUVE; JUNIOR TREMBLAY; ADAM DUERR; TODD KATZNER (Conservation Biology, 2014)
When wildlife habitat overlaps with industrial development animals may be harmed. Because wildlife and people select resources to maximize biological fitness and economic return, respectively, we estimated risk, the probability of eagles encountering and being affected by turbines, by overlaying models of resource selection for each entity. This conceptual framework can be applied across multiple spatial scales to understand and mitigate impacts of industry on wildlife. We estimated risk to Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from wind energy development in 3 topographically distinct regions of the central Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania (United States) based on models of resource selection of wind facilities (n = 43) and of northbound migrating eagles (n = 30). Risk to eagles from wind energy was greatest in the Ridge and Valley region; all 24 eagles that passed through that region used the highest risk landscapes at least once during low altitude flight. In contrast, only half of the birds that entered the Allegheny Plateau region used highest risk landscapes and none did in the Allegheny Mountains. Likewise, in the Allegheny Mountains, the majority of wind turbines (56%) were situated in poor eagle habitat; thus, risk to eagles is lower there than in the Ridge and Valley, where only 1% of turbines are in poor eagle habitat. Risk within individual facilities was extremely variable; on average, facilities had 11% (SD 23; range = 0–100%) of turbines in highest risk landscapes and 26% (SD 30; range = 0–85%) of turbines in the lowest risk landscapes. Our results provide a mechanism for relocating high‐risk turbines, and they show the feasibility of this novel and highly adaptable framework for managing risk of harm to wildlife from industrial development. Evaluación del Riesgo para las Aves por el Desarrollo de Energía Eólica Industrial Mediante Modelos de Selección de Recursos Pareados.

Precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River Basin, China: regional frequency and spatial–temporal patterns - Yongqin David Chen; Qiang Zhang; Mingzhong Xiao; Vijay P. Singh; Yee Leung; Luguang Jiang (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2014)

Physically Consistent Responses of the Global Atmospheric Hydrological Cycle in Models and Observations - Richard P. Allan; Chunlei Liu; Matthias Zahn; David A. Lavers; Evgenios Koukouvagias; Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo (Surveys in Geophysics, 2014)
Robust and physically understandable responses of the global atmospheric water cycle to a warming climate are presented. By considering interannual responses to changes in surface temperature ( T ), observations and AMIP5 simulations agree on an increase in column integrated water vapor at the rate 7 %/K (in line with the Clausius–Clapeyron equation) and of precipitation at the rate 2–3 %/K (in line with energetic constraints). Using simple and complex climate models, we demonstrate that radiative forcing by greenhouse gases is currently suppressing global precipitation ( P ) at ∼−0.15 %/decade. Along with natural variability, this can explain why observed trends in global P over the period 1988−2008 are close to zero. Regional responses in the global water cycle are strongly constrained by changes in moisture fluxes. Model simulations show an increased moisture flux into the tropical wet region at 900 hPa and an enhanced outflow (of smaller magnitude) at around 600 hPa with warming. Moisture transport explains an increase in P in the wet tropical regions and small or negative changes in the dry regions of the subtropics in CMIP5 simulations of a warming climate. For AMIP5 simulations and satellite observations, the heaviest 5-day rainfall totals increase in intensity at ∼15 %/K over the ocean with reductions at all percentiles over land. The climate change response in CMIP5 simulations shows consistent increases in P over ocean and land for the highest intensities, close to the Clausius−Clapeyron scaling of 7 %/K, while P declines for the lowest percentiles, indicating that interannual variability over land may not be a good proxy for climate change. The local changes in precipitation and its extremes are highly dependent upon small shifts in the large-scale atmospheric circulation and regional feedbacks.

Effects of upper respiratory tract illnesses, ibuprofen and caffeine on reaction time and alertness - Andrew P. Smith; David J. Nutt (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) Combined with Soil Solarization as a Methyl Bromide Alternative: Vegetable Crop Performance and Soil Nutrient Dynamics - David M. Butler; Nancy Kokalis-Burelle; Joseph P. Albano; T. Greg McCollum; Joji Muramoto; Carol Shennan; Erin N. Rosskopf (Plant and Soil, 2014)

Exacerbation of symptoms in agricultural pesticide applicators with asthma - Paul K. Henneberger; Xiaoming Liang; Stephanie J. London; David M. Umbach; Dale P. Sandler; Jane A. Hoppin (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2014)

Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon flow in a temperate, large river food web - Michael A. Pingram; Kevin J. Collier; David P. Hamilton; Brendan J. Hicks; Bruno O. David (Hydrobiologia, 2014)

Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii sp. nov., the producer of chaxalactins and chaxamycins, forms a distinct branch in Streptomyces gene trees - Kanungnid Busarakam; Alan T. Bull; Geneviève Girard; David P. Labeda; Gilles P. van Wezel; Michael Goodfellow (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2014)

Invasion trajectory of alien trees: the role of introduction pathway and planting history - Jason E. Donaldson; Cang Hui; David M. Richardson; Mark P. Robertson; Bruce L. Webber; John R.U. Wilson (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Global change is driving a massive rearrangement of the world's biota. Trajectories of distributional shifts are shaped by species traits, the recipient environment and driving forces with many of the driving forces directly due to human activities. The relative importance of each in determining the distributions of introduced species is poorly understood. We consider 11 Australian Acacia species introduced to South Africa for different reasons (commercial forestry, dune stabilization and ornamentation) to determine how features of the introduction pathway have shaped their invasion history. Projections from species distribution models ( SDM s) were developed to assess how the reason for introduction influences the similarity between climatic envelopes in native and alien ranges. A lattice model for an idealized invasion was developed to assess the relative contribution of intrinsic traits and introduction dynamics on the abundance and extent over the course of simulated invasions. SDM s show that alien populations of ornamental species in South Africa occupy substantially different climate space from their native ranges, whereas species introduced for forestry occupy a similar climate space in native and introduced ranges. This may partly explain the slow spread rates observed for some alien ornamental plants. Such mismatches are likely to become less pronounced with the current drive towards ‘eco gardens’ resulting in more introductions of ornamental species with a close climate match between native and newly introduced regions. The results from the lattice model showed that the conditions associated with the introduction pathway (especially introduction pressure) dominate early invasion dynamics. The placement of introduction foci in urban areas limited the extent and abundance of invasive populations. Features of introduction events appear to initially mask the influence of intrinsic species traits on invasions and help to explain the relative success of species introduced for different purposes. Introduction dynamics therefore can have long‐lasting influences on the outcomes of species redistributions, and must be explicitly considered in management plans.

Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees - Timothy R. Baker; R. Toby Pennington; Susana Magallon; Emanuel Gloor; William F. Laurance; Miguel Alexiades; Esteban Alvarez; Alejandro Araujo; Eric J. M. M. Arets; Gerardo Aymard; Atila Alves de Oliveira; Iêda Amaral; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2014)
The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits – short turnover times – are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.

Assessing the Vulnerability of Marine Benthos to Fishing Gear Impacts - Jonathan H. Grabowski; Michelle Bachman; Chad Demarest; Steve Eayrs; Bradley P. Harris; Vincent Malkoski; David Packer; David Stevenson (Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2014)

Mycological and aflatoxin contamination of peanuts sold at markets in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Pretoria, South Africa - Ilunga Kamika; Pamella Mngqawa; John P. Rheeder; Snow L. Teffo; David R. Katerere (Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-Surveillance, 2014)

The emergence of the mitochondrial genome as a partial regulator of nuclear function is providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying age-related complex disease - Martin P. Horan; David N. Cooper (Human Genetics, 2014)

Nutrient mitigation in a temporary river basin - Ourania Tzoraki; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; David Cooper; Elissavet Kassotaki (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014)

Land-use transition for bioenergy and climate stabilization: model comparison of drivers, impacts and interactions with other land use based mitigation options - Alexander Popp; Steven K. Rose; Katherine Calvin; Detlef P. Van Vuuren; Jan Phillip Dietrich; Marshall Wise; Elke Stehfest; Florian Humpenöder; Page Kyle; Jasper Van Vliet; Nico Bauer; Hermann Lotze-Campen; et al. (Climatic Change, 2014)

Evaluation and archaeological potential of geophysical investigations of the Roman fort and baths in Northern Muntenia, România - Madalina N. Frinculeasa; Alin P. Frinculeasa; Cornel David (Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 2014)

Small range and distinct distribution in a satellite breeding colony of the critically endangered Waved Albatross - Jill A. Awkerman; Sebastian Cruz; Carolina Proaño; Kathryn P. Huyvaert; Gustavo Jiménez Uzcátegui; Andres Baquero; Martin Wikelski; David J. Anderson (Journal of Ornithology, 2014)

Separation of Scaptotrigona postica Workers into Defined Task Groups by the Chemical Profile on Their Epicuticle Wax Layer - Silvana B. Poiani; E. David Morgan; Falko P. Drijfhout; Carminda da Cruz-Landim (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

Multi-Scale Parameterisation of a Myocardial Perfusion Model Using Whole-Organ Arterial Networks - Eoin R. Hyde; Andrew N. Cookson; Jack Lee; Christian Michler; Ayush Goyal; Taha Sochi; Radomir Chabiniok; Matthew Sinclair; David A. Nordsletten; Jos Spaan; Jeroen P. H. M. van den Wijngaard; Maria Siebes; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2014)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-C enhances radiosensitivity of lymphatic endothelial cells - Cristina T. Kesler; Angera H. Kuo; Hon-Kit Wong; David J. Masuck; Jennifer L. Shah; Kevin R. Kozak; Kathryn D. Held; Timothy P. Padera (Angiogenesis, 2014)

Advances in Metered Dose Inhaler Technology: Hardware Development - Stephen W. Stein; Poonam Sheth; P. David Hodson; Paul B. Myrdal (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2014)

A new method to study inshore whale cue distribution from land‐based observations - Patricia Arranz; David L. Borchers; Natacha Aguilar de Soto; Mark P. Johnson; Martin J. Cox (Marine Mammal Science, 2014)

Sodium fertilization increases termites and enhances decomposition in an Amazonian forest - Michael Kaspari; Natalie A. Clay; David A. Donoso; Steven P. Yanoviak (Ecology, 2014)
Added Na was used to determine whether litter decomposition and associated fungal biomass and termites are limited by Na availability in a lowland tropical rainforest at Yasuni, Ecuador. This is a partial test of the “sodium ecosystem respiration” (SER) hypothesis that posits Na is critical for consumers but not plants, that Na shortfall is more likely on highly weathered soils inland from oceanic aerosols, and that this shortfall results in decreased decomposer activity. We fertilized 4 × 4 m plots twice a month for a year with quantities of Na comparable to those falling on a coastal tropical rainforest. Decomposition rates of four substrates were consistently higher on +NaCl plots by up to 70% for cellulose, and 78%, 68%, and 29% for three woods of increasing percentage lignin. The density of termite workers averaged 17‐fold higher on +NaCl plots; fungal biomass failed to differ. After controlling for temperature and precipitation, which co‐limit gross primay productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), these results suggest that Na shortfall is an agent enhancing the storage of coarse woody debris in inland tropical forests.

Neutrophil and monocyte recruitment by PECAM, CD99, and other molecules via the LBRC - David P. Sullivan; William A. Muller (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2014)

Ultrasonic vocalizations: evidence for an affective opponent process during cocaine self-administration - David J. Barker; Steven J. Simmons; Lisa C. Servilio; Danielle Bercovicz; Sisi Ma; David H. Root; Anthony P. Pawlak; Mark O. West (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

Oligoamides of 2-amino-5-alkylthiazole 4-carboxylic acids: anti-trypanosomal compounds - Stuart Lang; Abedawn I. Khalaf; David Breen; Judith K. Huggan; Carol J. Clements; Simon P. MacKay; Colin J. Suckling (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2014)

A glossary for biometeorology - Simon N. Gosling; Erin K. Bryce; P. Grady Dixon; Katharina M. A. Gabriel; Elaine Y. Gosling; Jonathan M. Hanes; David M. Hondula; Liang Liang; Priscilla Ayleen Bustos Mac Lean; Stefan Muthers; Sheila Tavares Nascimento; Martina Petralli; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014)

Next generation sequencing-based molecular diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa: identification of a novel genotype-phenotype correlation and clinical refinements - Feng Wang; Hui Wang; Han-Fang Tuan; Duy H. Nguyen; Vincent Sun; Vafa Keser; Sara J. Bowne; Lori S. Sullivan; Hongrong Luo; Ling Zhao; Xia Wang; Jacques E. Zaneveld; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Turbidity Maximum Entrapment of Phytoplankton in the Chesapeake Bay - David P. Keller; Dong Y. Lee; Raleigh R. Hood (Estuaries and Coasts, 2014)

Riverine Threat Indices to Assess Watershed Condition and Identify Primary Management Capacity of Agriculture Natural Resource Management Agencies - Jeffrey D. Fore; Scott P. Sowa; David L. Galat; Gust M. Annis; David D. Diamond; Charles Rewa (Environmental Management, 2014)

Resilience to Stress and Disturbance, and Resistance to Bromus tectorum L. Invasion in Cold Desert Shrublands of Western North America - Jeanne C. Chambers; Bethany A. Bradley; Cynthia S. Brown; Carla D’Antonio; Matthew J. Germino; James B. Grace; Stuart P. Hardegree; Richard F. Miller; David A. Pyke (Ecosystems, 2014)

Hemocompatibility and Hemodynamics of Novel Hyaluronan–Polyethylene Materials for Flexible Heart Valve Leaflets - David A. Prawel; Harold Dean; Marcio Forleo; Nicole Lewis; Justin Gangwish; Ketul C. Popat; Lakshmi Prasad Dasi; Susan P. James (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2014)

Patterns of genetic diversity in Hepatozoon spp. infecting snakes from North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin - Beatriz Tomé; João P. Maia; Daniele Salvi; José C. Brito; Miguel A. Carretero; Ana Perera; Harald Meimberg; David James Harris (Systematic Parasitology, 2014)

A new species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from cyprinid fishes in the Western Ghats Region, India - David González-Solís; Shivaji P. Chavan; Pandurang Kannewad; Garimella Gyananath (Systematic Parasitology, 2014)

Glycerophospholipid Analysis of Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus Borealis) Hair by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry - Evan L. Pannkuk; Liam P. Mcguire; David F. Gilmore; Brett J. Savary; Thomas S. Risch (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014)

Standardized method for the harvest of nonhuman primate tissue optimized for multiple modes of analyses - April T. Davenport; Kathleen A. Grant; Kendall T. Szeliga; David P. Friedman; James B. Daunais (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2014)

A standardized set of metrics to assess and monitor tree invasions - John R. U. Wilson; Paul Caplat; Ian A. Dickie; Cang Hui; Bruce D. Maxwell; Martin A. Nuñez; Aníbal Pauchard; Marcel Rejmánek; David M. Richardson; Mark P. Robertson; Dian Spear; Bruce L. Webber; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2014)

The Tendon Injury Response is Influenced by Decorin and Biglycan - Andrew A. Dunkman; Mark R. Buckley; Michael J. Mienaltowski; Sheila M. Adams; Stephen J. Thomas; Lauren Satchell; Akash Kumar; Lydia Pathmanathan; David P. Beason; Renato V. Iozzo; David E. Birk; Louis J. Soslowsky (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2014)

The legacy of mid‐Holocene fire on a Tasmanian montane landscape - Michael‐Shawn Fletcher; Brent B. Wolfe; Cathy Whitlock; David P. Pompeani; Hendrik Heijnis; Simon G. Haberle; Patricia S. Gadd; David M. J. S. Bowman (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)
Aim To assess the long‐term impacts of landscape fire on a mosaic of pyrophobic and pyrogenic woody montane vegetation. Location South‐west T asmania, A ustralia. Methods We undertook a high‐resolution multiproxy palaeoecological analysis of sediments deposited in L ake O sborne ( H artz M ountains N ational P ark, southern T asmania), employing analyses of pollen, macroscopic and microscopic charcoal, organic and inorganic geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility. Results Sequential fires within the study catchment over the past 6500 years have resulted in the reduction of pyrophobic rain forest taxa and the establishment of pyrogenic E ucalyptus ‐dominated vegetation. The vegetation change was accompanied by soil erosion and nutrient losses. The rate of post‐fire recovery of widespread rain forest taxa ( N othofagus cunninghamii and E ucryphia spp.) conforms to ecological models, as does the local extinction of fire‐sensitive rain forest taxa ( N othofagus gunnii and C upressaceae) following successive fires. Main conclusions The sedimentary analyses indicate that recurrent fires over several centuries caused a catchment‐wide transition from pyrophobic rain forest to pyrophytic eucalypt‐dominated vegetation. The fires within the lake catchment during the 6500‐year long record appear to coincide with high‐frequency E l N iño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, signalling a potential threat to these highly endemic rain forests if E l N iño intensity amplifies as predicted under future climate scenarios.

Abrupt fire regime change may cause landscape‐wide loss of mature obligate seeder forests - David M. J. S. Bowman; Brett P. Murphy; Dominic L. J. Neyland; Grant J. Williamson; Lynda D. Prior (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Obligate seeder trees requiring high‐severity fires to regenerate may be vulnerable to population collapse if fire frequency increases abruptly. We tested this proposition using a long‐lived obligate seeding forest tree, alpine ash ( Eucalyptus delegatensis ), in the Australian Alps. Since 2002, 85% of the Alps bioregion has been burnt by several very large fires, tracking the regional trend of more frequent extreme fire weather. High‐severity fires removed 25% of aboveground tree biomass, and switched fuel arrays from low loads of herbaceous and litter fuels to high loads of flammable shrubs and juvenile trees, priming regenerating stands for subsequent fires. Single high‐severity fires caused adult mortality and triggered mass regeneration, but a second fire in quick succession killed 97% of the regenerating alpine ash. Our results indicate that without interventions to reduce fire severity, interactions between flammability of regenerating stands and increased extreme fire weather will eliminate much of the remaining mature alpine ash forest.

Long‐term changes in hypoxia and soluble reactive phosphorus in the hypolimnion of a large temperate lake: consequences of a climate regime shift - Ryan P. North; Rebecca L. North; David M. Livingstone; Oliver Köster; Rolf Kipfer (Global Change Biology, 2014)
The (Lower) Lake of Zurich provides an ideal system for studying the long‐term impact of environmental change on deep‐water hypoxia because of its sensitivity to climatic forcing, its history of eutrophication and subsequent oligotrophication, and the quality and length of its data set. Based on 39 years (1972–2010) of measured profiles of temperature, oxygen concentration and phosphorus (P) concentration, the potentially confounding effects of oligotrophication and climatic forcing on the occurrence and extent of deep‐water hypoxia in the lake were investigated. The time‐series of Nürnberg's hypoxic factor ( HF ) for the lake can be divided into three distinct segments: (i) a segment of consistently low HF from 1972 to the late‐1980s climate regime shift ( CRS ); (ii) a transitional segment between the late‐1980s CRS and approximately 2000 within which the HF was highly variable; and (iii) a segment of consistently high HF thereafter. The increase in hypoxia during the study period was not a consequence of a change in trophic status, as the lake underwent oligotrophication as a result of reduced external P loading during this time. Instead, wavelet analysis suggests that changes in the lake's mixing regime, initiated by the late‐1980s CRS , ultimately led to a delayed but abrupt decrease in the deep‐water oxygen concentration, resulting in a general expansion of the hypoxic zone in autumn. Even after detrending to remove long‐term effects, the concentration of soluble reactive P in the bottom water of the lake was highly correlated with various measures of hypoxia, providing quantitative evidence supporting the probable effect of hypoxia on internal P loading. Such climate‐induced, ecosystem‐scale changes, which may result in undesirable effects such as a decline in water quality and a reduction in coldwater fish habitats, provide further evidence for the vulnerability of large temperate lakes to predicted increases in global air temperature.

The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems - Ellen K Pikitch; Konstantine J Rountos; Timothy E Essington; Christine Santora; Daniel Pauly; Reg Watson; Ussif R Sumaila; P Dee Boersma; Ian L Boyd; David O Conover; Philippe Cury; Selina S Heppell; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2014)
Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published E copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.

Can phenotypic plasticity in Rubisco performance contribute to photosynthetic acclimation? - Amanda P. Cavanagh; David S. Kubien (Photosynthesis Research, 2014)

Adult cardiac fibroblast proliferation is modulated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in normal and hypertrophied hearts - Tamara P. Martin; Ahmed Lawan; Emma Robinson; David J. Grieve; Robin Plevin; Andrew Paul; Susan Currie (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2014)

Late Quaternary Qaidam lake histories and implications for an MIS 3 “Greatest Lakes” period in northwest China - David B. Madsen; ZhongPing Lai; YongJuan Sun; David Rhode; XiangJun Liu; P. Jeffrey Brantingham (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2014)

Characterisation and evaluation of paramagnetic fluorine labelled glycol chitosan conjugates for 19F and 1H magnetic resonance imaging - Elena De Luca; Peter Harvey; Kirsten H. Chalmers; Anurag Mishra; P. Kanthi Senanayake; J. Ian Wilson; Mauro Botta; Marianna Fekete; Andrew M. Blamire; David Parker (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2014)

AVPR1A Variation in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Population Differences and Association with Behavioral Style - Stephanie F. Anestis; Timothy H. Webster; Jason M. Kamilar; M. Babette Fontenot; David P. Watts; Brenda J. Bradley (International Journal of Primatology, 2014)

Genome-wide association study of endometrial cancer in E2C2 - Immaculata De Vivo; Jennifer Prescott; Veronica Wendy Setiawan; Sara H. Olson; Nicolas Wentzensen; John Attia; Amanda Black; Louise Brinton; Chu Chen; Constance Chen; Linda S. Cook; Marta Crous-Bou; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

SoilTrEC: a global initiative on critical zone research and integration - Manoj Menon; Svetla Rousseva; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Pauline van Gaans; Panos Panagos; Danielle Maia de Souza; Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir; Georg J. Lair; Liping Weng; Jaap Bloem; Pavel Kram; Martin Novak; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014)

Convergent and Contingent Community Responses to Grass Source and Dominance During Prairie Restoration Across a Longitudinal Gradient - Ryan P. Klopf; Sara G. Baer; David J. Gibson (Environmental Management, 2014)

Improving the science-policy dialogue to meet the challenges of biodiversity conservation: having conversations rather than talking at one-another - Juliette C. Young; Kerry A. Waylen; Simo Sarkki; Steve Albon; Ian Bainbridge; Estelle Balian; James Davidson; David Edwards; Roddy Fairley; Ceri Margerison; Davy McCracken; Roger Owen; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014)

Chemical Tools for Temporally and Spatially Resolved Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics - Kai P. Yuet; David A. Tirrell (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2014)

Microhabitats reduce animal's exposure to climate extremes - Brett R. Scheffers; David P. Edwards; Arvin Diesmos; Stephen E. Williams; Theodore A. Evans (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Extreme weather events, such as unusually hot or dry conditions, can cause death by exceeding physiological limits, and so cause loss of population. Survival will depend on whether or not susceptible organisms can find refuges that buffer extreme conditions. Microhabitats offer different microclimates to those found within the wider ecosystem, but do these microhabitats effectively buffer extreme climate events relative to the physiological requirements of the animals that frequent them? We collected temperature data from four common microhabitats (soil, tree holes, epiphytes, and vegetation) located from the ground to canopy in primary rainforests in the Philippines. Ambient temperatures were monitored from outside of each microhabitat and from the upper forest canopy, which represent our macrohabitat controls. We measured the critical thermal maxima ( CT max ) of frog and lizard species, which are thermally sensitive and inhabit our microhabitats. Microhabitats reduced mean temperature by 1–2 °C and reduced the duration of extreme temperature exposure by 14–31 times. Microhabitat temperatures were below the CT max of inhabitant frogs and lizards, whereas macrohabitats consistently contained lethal temperatures. Microhabitat temperatures increased by 0.11–0.66 °C for every 1 °C increase in macrohabitat temperature, and this nonuniformity in temperature change influenced our forecasts of vulnerability for animal communities under climate change. Assuming uniform increases of 6 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 32‐fold, whereas under nonuniform increases of 0.66 to 3.96 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 108‐fold. Microhabitats have extraordinary potential to buffer climate and likely reduce mortality during extreme climate events. These results suggest that predicted changes in distribution due to mortality and habitat shifts that are derived from macroclimatic samples and that assume uniform changes in microclimates relative to macroclimates may be overly pessimistic. Nevertheless, even nonuniform temperature increases within buffered microhabitats would still threaten frogs and lizards.

Mercury and Methylmercury Dynamics in the Hyporheic Zone of an Oregon Stream - Stephen R. Hinkle; Kenneth E. Bencala; Dennis A. Wentz; David P. Krabbenhoft (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014)

Effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate on delay discounting in rats: interactions with order of delay presentation - Takayuki Tanno; David R. Maguire; Cedric Henson; Charles P. France (Psychopharmacology, 2014)

A genome- and phenome-wide association study to identify genetic variants influencing platelet count and volume and their pleiotropic effects - Khader Shameer; Joshua C. Denny; Keyue Ding; Hayan Jouni; David R. Crosslin; Mariza de Andrade; Christopher G. Chute; Peggy Peissig; Jennifer A. Pacheco; Rongling Li; Lisa Bastarache; Abel N. Kho; et al. (Human Genetics, 2014)

Muscle strength and its relationship with skeletal muscle mass indices as determined by segmental bio-impedance analysis - Omid Alizadehkhaiyat; David H. Hawkes; Graham J. Kemp; Anthony Howard; Simon P. Frostick (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Effects of probiotics supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability, inflammation and exercise performance in the heat - Cecilia M. Shing; Jonathan M. Peake; Chin Leong Lim; David Briskey; Neil P. Walsh; Matthew B. Fortes; Kiran D. K. Ahuja; Luis Vitetta (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2014)

Land-Surface Heterogeneity Effects in the Planetary Boundary Layer - Brian P. Reen; David R. Stauffer; Kenneth J. Davis (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2014)

Mechanisms driving an unusual latitudinal diversity gradient for grasses - Vernon Visser; W. Derek Clayton; David A. Simpson; Robert P. Freckleton; Colin P. Osborne (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)
Aim For most higher‐order taxa, species diversity peaks sharply in the moist tropics and declines rapidly at higher latitudes. However, the mechanisms driving this latitudinal gradient are numerous, remain uncertain and are even undocumented in some important major clades such as the grasses. Grasses are a cosmopolitan, important plant family with more than 11,000 species world‐wide. Our aims were: to investigate the latitudinal distributions of species richness for different grass lineages, and the grass family as a whole; and to test hypotheses proposed in general for the latitudinal diversity gradient or specifically as determinants of grass species richness patterns at the global scale. Location Global. Methods We used the most comprehensive global database of grass distributions currently available to calculate species richness for 340 political regions of the world. Using generalized additive models we used these data to model the latitudinal gradients of species richness for different grass lineages and for the grass family as a whole. We constructed multiple regression models to include climatic, productivity, topographic, habitat and geographic variables. Results An unusual, shallow latitudinal diversity gradient arises because different grass lineages exhibit contrasting latitudinal patterns. This reflects differential specialization of grass lineages to arid and cool environments, the legacy of historical effects, most notably the Gondwanan origin of the grasses, and a strong association between grasses and topographically heterogeneous, mountainous regions. Main conclusions The grasses are one of the relatively few higher‐order lineages that exhibits an atypical latitudinal gradient; this has arisen because of climatic specialization of particular grass lineages to cold and arid environments. Key additional roles have been inferred for historical biogeography and topographical heterogeneity in determining global patterns of grass species richness. These mechanisms have generally been under‐appreciated and are probably important for many other lineages.

Land‐sharing versus land‐sparing logging: reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation - David P. Edwards; James J. Gilroy; Paul Woodcock; Felicity A. Edwards; Trond H. Larsen; David J. R. Andrews; Mia A. Derhé; Teegan D. S. Docherty; Wayne W. Hsu; Simon L. Mitchell; Takahiro Ota; Leah J. Williams; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2014)
Selective logging is a major driver of rainforest degradation across the tropics. Two competing logging strategies are proposed to meet timber demands with the least impact on biodiversity: land sharing, which combines timber extraction with biodiversity protection across the concession; and land sparing, in which higher intensity logging is combined with the protection of intact primary forest reserves. We evaluate these strategies by comparing the abundances and species richness of birds, dung beetles and ants in Borneo, using a protocol that allows us to control for both timber yield and net profit across strategies. Within each taxonomic group, more species had higher abundances with land‐sparing than land‐sharing logging, and this translated into significantly higher species richness within land‐sparing concessions. Our results are similar when focusing only on species found in primary forest and restricted in range to Sundaland, and they are independent of the scale of sampling. For each taxonomic group, land‐sparing logging was the most promising strategy for maximizing the biological value of logging operations.

A taxonomic comparison of local habitat niches of tropical trees - Claire A. Baldeck; Steven W. Kembel; Kyle E. Harms; Joseph B. Yavitt; Robert John; Benjamin L. Turner; George B. Chuyong; David Kenfack; Duncan W. Thomas; Sumedha Madawala; Nimal Gunatilleke; Savitri Gunatilleke; et al. (Oecologia, 2013)

R-spondin 1 promotes vibration-induced bone formation in mouse models of osteoporosis - Haitao Wang; Tracy A. Brennan; Elizabeth Russell; Jung-Hoon Kim; Kevin P. Egan; Qijun Chen; Craig Israelite; David C. Schultz; Frederick B. Johnson; Robert J. Pignolo (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2013)

Making It Work: Health Care Provider Perspectives on Strategies to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in Federally Qualified Health Centers - Clement K. Gwede; Stacy N. Davis; Gwendolyn P. Quinn; Alexis M. Koskan; Jamila Ealey; Rania Abdulla; Susan T. Vadaparampil; Gloria Elliott; Diana Lopez; David Shibata; Richard G. Roetzheim; Cathy D. Meade (Journal of Cancer Education, 2013)

An integrated agro-ecosystem and livelihood systems approach for the poor and vulnerable in dry areas - Maarten van Ginkel; Jeff Sayer; Fergus Sinclair; Aden Aw-Hassan; Deborah Bossio; Peter Craufurd; Mohammed El Mourid; Nasri Haddad; David Hoisington; Nancy Johnson; Carlos León Velarde; Víctor Mares; et al. (Food Security, 2013)

Erratum to: The role of FOXP3 in the development and metastatic spread of breast cancer - Stephen Douglass; Simi Ali; Annette P. Meeson; David Browell; John A. Kirby (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2013)

Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? - Eric W. Seabloom; Elizabeth T. Borer; Yvonne Buckley; Elsa E. Cleland; Kendi Davies; Jennifer Firn; W. Stanley Harpole; Yann Hautier; Eric Lind; Andrew MacDougall; John L. Orrock; Suzanne M. Prober; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global‐scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass‐dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic‐dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site‐ or regional‐scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Roles of Patch Characteristics, Drought Frequency, and Restoration in Long‐Term Trends of a Widespread Amphibian - BLAKE R. HOSSACK; MICHAEL J. ADAMS; CHRISTOPHER A. PEARL; KRISTINE W. WILSON; EVELYN L. BULL; KRISTIN LOHR; DEBRA PATLA; DAVID S. PILLIOD; JASON M. JONES; KEVIN K. WHEELER; SAMUEL P. MCKAY; PAUL STEPHEN CORN (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Despite the high profile of amphibian declines and the increasing threat of drought and fragmentation to aquatic ecosystems, few studies have examined long‐term rates of change for a single species across a large geographic area. We analyzed growth in annual egg‐mass counts of the Columbia spotted frog ( Rana luteiventris ) across the northwestern United States, an area encompassing 3 genetic clades. On the basis of data collected by multiple partners from 98 water bodies between 1991 and 2011, we used state‐space and linear‐regression models to measure effects of patch characteristics, frequency of summer drought, and wetland restoration on population growth. Abundance increased in the 2 clades with greatest decline history, but declined where populations are considered most secure. Population growth was negatively associated with temporary hydroperiods and landscape modification (measured by the human footprint index), but was similar in modified and natural water bodies. The effect of drought was mediated by the size of the water body: populations in large water bodies maintained positive growth despite drought, whereas drought magnified declines in small water bodies. Rapid growth in restored wetlands in areas of historical population declines provided strong evidence of successful management. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining large areas of habitat and underscore the greater vulnerability of small areas of habitat to environmental stochasticity. Similar long‐term growth rates in modified and natural water bodies and rapid, positive responses to restoration suggest pond construction and other forms of management can effectively increase population growth. These tools are likely to become increasingly important to mitigate effects of increased drought expected from global climate change . Papeles de las Características del Fragmento, Frecuencia de Sequía y Restauración en las Tendencias a Largo Plazo de un Anfibio Ampliamente Distribuido

Twentieth century human and climate impacts on a large mountain lake in southwest China - Xinchun Guo; Aaron P. Potito; Lin Luo; David W. Beilman (Hydrobiologia, 2013)

Erratum to: Hemifield or hemispace: what accounts for the ipsilateral advantages in visually guided aiming? - David P. Carey; Jonathan Liddle (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Recent parallel divergence in body shape and diet source of alewife life history forms - Andrew W. Jones; Eric P. Palkovacs; David M. Post (Evolutionary Ecology, 2013)

Influence of Wind-Driven Inundation and Coastal Geomorphology on Sedimentation in Two Microtidal Marshes, Pamlico River Estuary, NC - David Lagomasino; D. Reide Corbett; J. P. Walsh (Estuaries and Coasts, 2013)

Antecedent Conditions Influence Soil Respiration Differences in Shrub and Grass Patches - Jessica M. Cable; Kiona Ogle; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Lisa P. Bentley; William L. Cable; Russell L. Scott; David G. Williams; Travis E. Huxman (Ecosystems, 2013)

Crystal structure, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, and equations of state of OH-bearing MgSiO3 akimotoite - Yu Ye; Joseph R. Smyth; Steven D. Jacobsen; Wendy R. Panero; David A. Brown; Tomoo Katsura; Yun-Yuan Chang; Joshua P. Townsend; Przemyslaw Dera; Sergey Tkachev; Cayman Unterborn; Zhenxian Liu; et al. (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2013)

The association of ultraviolet radiation-B (305 nm), season of diagnosis, and latitude on the survival outcome of prostate cancer in the high UV environment of Australia - Visalini Nair-Shalliker; David P. Smith; Sam Egger; Mark S. Clements; Md. Bayzidur Rahman; Bruce K. Armstrong (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Gyrodactylus laevisoides n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting northern redbelly dace Phoxinus eos Cope (Cyprinidae) from Nova Scotia, Canada - Stanley D. King; David K. Cone; Michael P. Mackley; Paul Bentzen (Systematic Parasitology, 2013)

A large proportion of N orth A merican net ecosystem production is offset by emissions from harvested products, river/stream evasion, and biomass burning - David P. Turner; Andrew R. Jacobson; William D. Ritts; Weile L. Wang; Ramakrishna Nemani (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production ( NEP , the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite‐based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed meteorological data; and (iii) eddy covariance flux tower observations of net ecosystem exchange ( NEE ) (used in model parameterization). However, a full bottom‐up accounting of NEE (the vertical carbon flux) that is suitable for integration with atmosphere‐based inversion modeling also includes emissions from decomposition/respiration of harvested forest and agricultural products, CO 2 evasion from streams and rivers, and biomass burning. Here, we produce a daily time step NEE for North America for the year 2004 that includes NEP as well as the additional emissions. This NEE product was run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup to evaluate its consistency with CO 2 concentration observations. The year 2004 was climatologically favorable for NEP over N orth A merica and the continental total was estimated at 1730 ± 370 TgC yr −1 (a carbon sink). Harvested product emissions (316 ± 80 TgC yr −1 ), river/stream evasion (158 ± 50 TgC yr −1 ), and fire emissions (142 ± 45 TgC yr −1 ) counteracted a large proportion (35%) of the NEP sink. Geographic areas with strong carbon sinks included Midwest US croplands, and forested regions of the N ortheast, S outheast, and P acific N orthwest. The forward mode run with CarbonTracker produced good agreement between observed and simulated wintertime CO 2 concentrations aggregated over eight measurement sites around N orth A merica, but overestimates of summertime concentrations that suggested an underestimation of summertime carbon uptake. As terrestrial NEP is the dominant offset to fossil fuel emission over N orth A merica, a good understanding of its spatial and temporal variation – as well as the fate of the carbon it sequesters ─ is needed for a comprehensive view of the carbon cycle.

Elemental composition of natural populations of key microbial groups in A tlantic waters - Carolina Grob; Martin Ostrowski; Ross J. Holland; Mikal Heldal; Svein Norland; Egil S. Erichsen; Claudia Blindauer; Adrian P. Martin; Mikhail V. Zubkov; David J. Scanlan (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary Intracellular carbon ( C ), nitrogen ( N ) and phosphorus ( P ) content of marine phytoplankton and bacterioplankton can vary according to cell requirements or physiological acclimation to growth under nutrient limited conditions. Although such variation in macronutrient content is well known for cultured organisms, there is a dearth of data from natural populations that reside under a range of environmental conditions. Here, we compare C , N and P content of S ynechococcus , P rochlorococcus , low nucleic acid ( LNA ) content bacterioplankton and small plastidic protists inhabiting surface waters of the North and South subtropical gyres and the E quatorial R egion of the A tlantic O cean. While intracellular C : N ratios ranged between 3.5 and 6, i.e. below the R edfield ratio of 6.6, all the C : P and N : P ratios were up to 10 times higher than the corresponding R edfield ratio of 106 and 16, respectively, reaching and in some cases exceeding maximum values reported in the literature. Similar C : P or N : P ratios in areas with different concentrations of inorganic phosphorus suggests that this is not just a response to the prevailing environmental conditions but an indication of the extremely low P content of these oceanic microbes.

A multi‐decade time series of kelp forest community structure at the California Channel Islands - David J. Kushner; Andrew Rassweiler; John P. McLaughlin; Kevin D. Lafferty (Ecology, 2013)
Studies of temperate rocky reef communities have added much to our understanding of ecology. However, data on these reef communities can be difficult to obtain; wind, waves, and poor underwater visibility often prevent research diving, and even under the best conditions only a few hours a day can be spent underwater collecting data. Here, we present data on temperate subtidal reef communities at 33 sites, almost half of which the National Park Service has sampled annually since 1982. We present core data sets describing the population dynamics of 16 fish, 37 invertebrate, and 15 algal taxa. We include supplementary data sets documenting the size structure of key species, the relative abundance of all fish, the recruitment of selected invertebrates, and the subtidal water temperature at each site through time. Taken together, these data provide one of the most comprehensive descriptions of nearshore reef community dynamics ever assembled.

The Creation and Maintenance of Wetland Ecosystems from Irrigation Canal and Reservoir Seepage in a Semi-Arid Landscape - Jeremy P. Sueltenfuss; David J. Cooper; Richard L. Knight; Reagan M. Waskom (Wetlands, 2013)

Foraging ants trade off further for faster: use of natural bridges and trunk trail permanency in carpenter ants - Raquel G. Loreto; Adam G. Hart; Thairine M. Pereira; Mayara L. R. Freitas; David P. Hughes; Simon L. Elliot (The Science of Nature, 2013)

The involvement of gibberellin signalling in the effect of soil resistance to root penetration on leaf elongation and tiller number in wheat - Mauricio A. Coelho Filho; Ellen H. Colebrook; David P. A. Lloyd; Colin P. Webster; Sacha J. Mooney; Andrew L. Phillips; Peter Hedden; William R. Whalley (Plant and Soil, 2013)

Identification and characterization of an unusual metallo-β-lactamase from Serratia proteamaculans - Peter Vella; Manfredi Miraula; Emer Phelan; Eleanor W. W. Leung; Fernanda Ely; David L. Ollis; Ross P. McGeary; Gerhard Schenk; Nataša Mitić (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2013)

Hemifield or hemispace: what accounts for the ipsilateral advantages in visually guided aiming? - David P. Carey; Jonathan Liddle (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Latent cytomegalovirus infection and innate immune function following a 75 km cycling time trial - Emily C. P. LaVoy; David C. Nieman; Dru A. Henson; R. Andrew Shanely; Amy M. Knab; Lynn Cialdella-Kam; Richard J. Simpson (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

Effect of cryotherapy on muscle recovery and inflammation following a bout of damaging exercise - Naomi J. Crystal; David H. Townson; Summer B. Cook; Dain P. LaRoche (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013)

Moisture variables, and not temperature, are responsible for climate filtering and genetic bottlenecks in the South African endemic terrestrial mollusc Prestonella (Orthalicoidea) - Nigel P. Barker; Janine L. Fearon; David G. Herbert (Conservation Genetics, 2013)

A divergent clade of circular single-stranded DNA viruses from pig feces - Andrew K. Cheung; Terry F. Ng; Kelly M. Lager; Darrell O. Bayles; David P. Alt; Eric L. Delwart; Roman M. Pogranichniy; Marcus E. Kehrli (Archives of Virology, 2013)

Neuronal sirtuin1 mediates retinal vascular regeneration in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy - Jing Chen; Shaday Michan; Aimee M. Juan; Christian G. Hurst; Colman J. Hatton; Dorothy T. Pei; Jean-Sebastien Joyal; Lucy P. Evans; Zhenghao Cui; Andreas Stahl; Przemyslaw Sapieha; David A. Sinclair; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2013)

The extracellular matrix protects P seudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by limiting the penetration of tobramycin - Boo Shan Tseng; Wei Zhang; Joe J. Harrison; Tam P. Quach; Jisun Lee Song; Jon Penterman; Pradeep K. Singh; David L. Chopp; Aaron I. Packman; Matthew R. Parsek (Environmental Microbiology, 2013)
Summary Biofilm cells are less susceptible to antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts. While this phenomenon is multifactorial, the ability of the matrix to reduce antibiotic penetration into the biofilm is thought to be of limited importance studies suggest that antibiotics move fairly rapidly through biofilms. In this study, we monitored the transport of two clinically relevant antibiotics, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, into non‐mucoid P seudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. To our surprise, we found that the positively charged antibiotic tobramycin is sequestered to the biofilm periphery, while the neutral antibiotic ciprofloxacin readily penetrated. We provide evidence that tobramycin in the biofilm periphery both stimulated a localized stress response and killed bacteria in these regions but not in the underlying biofilm. Although it is unclear which matrix component binds tobramycin, its penetration was increased by the addition of cations in a dose‐dependent manner, which led to increased biofilm death. These data suggest that ionic interactions of tobramycin with the biofilm matrix limit its penetration. We propose that tobramycin sequestration at the biofilm periphery is an important mechanism in protecting metabolically active cells that lie just below the zone of sequestration.

Reliable, verifiable and efficient monitoring of biodiversity via metabarcoding - Yinqiu Ji; Louise Ashton; Scott M. Pedley; David P. Edwards; Yong Tang; Akihiro Nakamura; Roger Kitching; Paul M. Dolman; Paul Woodcock; Felicity A. Edwards; Trond H. Larsen; Wayne W. Hsu; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2013)
To manage and conserve biodiversity, one must know what is being lost, where, and why, as well as which remedies are likely to be most effective. Metabarcoding technology can characterise the species compositions of mass samples of eukaryotes or of environmental DNA . Here, we validate metabarcoding by testing it against three high‐quality standard data sets that were collected in Malaysia (tropical), China (subtropical) and the United Kingdom (temperate) and that comprised 55,813 arthropod and bird specimens identified to species level with the expenditure of 2,505 person‐hours of taxonomic expertise. The metabarcode and standard data sets exhibit statistically correlated alpha‐ and beta‐diversities, and the two data sets produce similar policy conclusions for two conservation applications: restoration ecology and systematic conservation planning. Compared with standard biodiversity data sets, metabarcoded samples are taxonomically more comprehensive, many times quicker to produce, less reliant on taxonomic expertise and auditable by third parties, which is essential for dispute resolution.

Trophic Flexibility and the Persistence of Understory Birds in Intensively Logged Rainforest - DAVID P. EDWARDS; PAUL WOODCOCK; ROB J. NEWTON; FELICITY A. EDWARDS; DAVID J. R. ANDREWS; TEEGAN D. S. DOCHERTY; SIMON L. MITCHELL; TAKAHIRO OTA; SUZAN BENEDICK; SIMON H. BOTTRELL; KEITH C. HAMER (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Effects of logging on species composition in tropical rainforests are well known but may fail to reveal key changes in species interactions. We used nitrogen stable‐isotope analysis of 73 species of understory birds to quantify trophic responses to repeated intensive logging of rainforest in northern Borneo and to test 4 hypotheses: logging has significant effects on trophic positions and trophic‐niche widths of species, and the persistence of species in degraded forest is related to their trophic positions and trophic‐niche widths in primary forest. Species fed from higher up the food chain and had narrower trophic‐niche widths in degraded forest. Species with narrow trophic‐niche widths in primary forest were less likely to persist after logging, a result that indicates a higher vulnerability of dietary specialists to local extinction following habitat disturbance. Persistence of species in degraded forest was not related to a species’ trophic position. These results indicate changes in trophic organization that were not apparent from changes in species composition and highlight the importance of focusing on trophic flexibility over the prevailing emphasis on membership of static feeding guilds. Our results thus support the notion that alterations to trophic organization and interactions within tropical forests may be a pervasive and functionally important hidden effect of forest degradation. Flexibilidad Trófica y la Persistencia de Aves de Sotobosque en un Bosque Lluvioso Talado Intensivamente

Delay discounting of food and remifentanil in rhesus monkeys - David R. Maguire; Lisa R. Gerak; Charles P. France (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family in wood forming tissue of Populus trichocarpa - Rui Shi; Christopher M. Shuford; Jack P. Wang; Ying-Hsuan Sun; Zhichang Yang; Hsi-Chuan Chen; Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit; Quanzi Li; Jie Liu; David C. Muddiman; Ronald R. Sederoff; Vincent L. Chiang (Planta, 2013)

Temporal dynamics of plant community regeneration sources during tallgrass prairie restoration - Jason E. Willand; Sara G. Baer; David J. Gibson; Ryan P. Klopf (Plant Ecology, 2013)

Evaluation of risk of hydrological droughts by the trivariate Plackett copula in the East River basin (China) - Yongqin David Chen; Qiang Zhang; Mingzhong Xiao; Vijay P. Singh (Natural Hazards, 2013)

Patterns, processes and vulnerability of Southern Ocean benthos: a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding - Stefanie Kaiser; Simone N. Brandão; Saskia Brix; David K. A. Barnes; David A. Bowden; Jeroen Ingels; Florian Leese; Stefano Schiaparelli; Claudia P. Arango; Renuka Badhe; Narissa Bax; Magdalena Blazewicz-Paszkowycz; et al. (Marine Biology, 2013)

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus: lessons for its current range expansion in South America and invasive pest management in general - Mark P. Culik; Maurício José Fornazier; David dos Santos Martins; José Salazar Zanuncio; José Aires Ventura; Ana Lúcia B. G. Peronti; José Cola Zanuncio (Journal of Pest Science, 2013)

Importance of oceanic resolution and mean state on the extra-tropical response to El Niño in a matrix of coupled models - Andrew Dawson; Adrian J. Matthews; David P. Stevens; Malcolm J. Roberts; Pier Luigi Vidale (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

FGF-2 and FGF-16 Protect Isolated Perfused Mouse Hearts from Acute Doxorubicin-Induced Contractile Dysfunction - David P. Sontag; Jie Wang; Elissavet Kardami; Peter A. Cattini (Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2013)

Impact of body mass index on neuronal fiber bundle lengths among healthy older adults - Jacob D. Bolzenius; David H. Laidlaw; Ryan P. Cabeen; Thomas E. Conturo; Amanda R. McMichael; Elizabeth M. Lane; Jodi M. Heaps; Lauren E. Salminen; Laurie M. Baker; John Gunstad; Robert H. Paul (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

Variation in habitat connectivity generates positive correlations between species and genetic diversity in a metacommunity - T. Lamy; P. Jarne; F. Laroche; J.‐P. Pointier; G. Huth; A. Segard; P. David (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
An increasing number of studies are simultaneously investigating species diversity ( SD ) and genetic diversity ( GD ) in the same systems, looking for ‘species– genetic diversity correlations’ ( SGDC s). From negative to positive SGDC s have been reported, but studies have generally not quantified the processes underlying these correlations. They were also mostly conducted at large biogeographical scales or in recently degraded habitats. Such correlations have not been looked for in natural networks of connected habitat fragments (metacommunities), and the underlying processes remain elusive in most systems. We investigated these issues by studying freshwater snails in a pond network in G uadeloupe ( L esser A ntilles). We recorded SD and habitat characteristics in 232 ponds and assessed GD in 75 populations of two species. Strongly significant and positive SGDC s were detected in both species. Based on a decomposition of SGDC as a function of variance–covariance of habitat characteristics, we showed that connectivity (opportunity of water flow between a site and the nearest watershed during the rainy season) has the strongest contribution on SGDC s. More connective sites received both more alleles and more species through immigration resulting in both higher GD and higher SD . Other habitat characteristics did not contribute, or contributed negatively, to SGDC s. This is true of the desiccation frequency of ponds during the dry season, presumably because species markedly differ in their ability to tolerate desiccation. Our study shows that variation in environmental characteristics of habitat patches can promote SGDC s at metacommunity scale when the studied species respond homogeneously to these environmental characteristics.

Evaluation of a morphological filter in mean cardiac output determination: application to left ventricular assist devices - Michael Charles Stevens; Andrew P. Bradley; Stephen J. Wilson; David Glen Mason (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2013)

Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites - Andrew N. Gillison; David E. Bignell; Kenneth R. W. Brewer; Erick C. M. Fernandes; David T. Jones; Douglas Sheil; Peter H. May; Allan D. Watt; Reginaldo Constantino; Eduardo G. Couto; Kurniatun Hairiah; Paul Jepson; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME - Patricio Godoy; Nicola J. Hewitt; Ute Albrecht; Melvin E. Andersen; Nariman Ansari; Sudin Bhattacharya; Johannes Georg Bode; Jennifer Bolleyn; Christoph Borner; Jan Böttger; Albert Braeuning; Robert A. Budinsky; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2013)

Coastal retreat and improved water quality mitigate losses of seagrass from sea level rise - Megan I. Saunders; Javier Leon; Stuart R. Phinn; David P. Callaghan; Katherine R. O'Brien; Chris M. Roelfsema; Catherine E. Lovelock; Mitchell B. Lyons; Peter J. Mumby (Global Change Biology, 2013)
The distribution and abundance of seagrass ecosystems could change significantly over the coming century due to sea level rise ( SLR ). Coastal managers require mechanistic understanding of the processes affecting seagrass response to SLR to maximize their conservation and associated provision of ecosystem services. In Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, vast seagrass meadows supporting populations of sea turtles and dugongs are juxtaposed with the multiple stressors associated with a large and rapidly expanding human population. Here, the interactive effects of predicted SLR , changes in water clarity, and land use on future distributions of seagrass in Moreton Bay were quantified. A habitat distribution model of present day seagrass in relation to benthic irradiance and wave height was developed which correctly classified habitats in 83% of cases. Spatial predictions of seagrass and presence derived from the model and bathymetric data were used to initiate a SLR inundation model. Bathymetry was iteratively modified based on SLR and sedimentary accretion in seagrass to simulate potential seagrass habitat at 10 year time steps until 2100. The area of seagrass habitat was predicted to decline by 17% by 2100 under a scenario of SLR of 1.1 m. A scenario including the removal of impervious surfaces, such as roads and houses, from newly inundated regions, demonstrated that managed retreat of the shoreline could potentially reduce the overall decline in seagrass habitat to just 5%. The predicted reduction in area of seagrass habitat could be offset by an improvement in water clarity of 30%. Greater improvements in water clarity would be necessary for larger magnitudes of SLR . Management to improve water quality will provide present and future benefits to seagrasses under climate change and should be a priority for managers seeking to compensate for the effects of global change on these valuable habitats.

Effects of an epilepsy-causing mutation in the SCN1A sodium channel gene on cocaine-induced seizure susceptibility in mice - Ryan H. Purcell; Ligia A. Papale; Christopher D. Makinson; Nikki T. Sawyer; Jason P. Schroeder; Andrew Escayg; David Weinshenker (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Distribution and Visualisation of Chlorhexidine Within the Skin Using ToF-SIMS: A Potential Platform for the Design of More Efficacious Skin Antiseptic Formulations - Amy M. Judd; David J. Scurr; Jon R. Heylings; Ka-Wai Wan; Gary P. Moss (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution patterns of terrestrial isopods - André T. C. Dias; Eveline J. Krab; Janine Mariën; Martin Zimmer; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; Jacintha Ellers; David A. Wardle; Matty P. Berg (Oecologia, 2013)

Three Tools for the Real-Time Simulation of Embodied Spiking Neural Networks Using GPUs - Andreas K. Fidjeland; David Gamez; Murray P. Shanahan; Edgars Lazdins (Neuroinformatics, 2013)

Determining receiver biases in GPS-derived total electron content in the auroral oval and polar cap region using ionosonde measurements - David R. Themens; P. T. Jayachandran; R. B. Langley; J. W. MacDougall; M. J. Nicolls (GPS Solutions, 2013)

Multi‐decadal changes in the North American monsoon anticyclone - Jeremy E. Diem; David P. Brown; Jessie McCann (International Journal of Climatology, 2013)
The purpose of this study was to assess trends in the intensity of the North American monsoon anticyclone over multiple decades from 1948 to 2010 during July and August, with a focus on the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). The methodology included a 500 hPa geopotential‐height regionalization of the monsoon‐anticyclone domain (i.e. a large portion of the western United States and northern Mexico), a typing of 500 hPa circulation patterns over the LCRB, and an examination of multi‐decadal trends as well as inter‐epochal differences in geopotential heights and frequencies of synoptic types. Three regions (i.e. Northwest, Northeast, and South) were revealed that differed based on inter‐annual variations in 500 hPa geopotential heights. The Northwest and South regions had significant increases in geopotential heights from 1948–1978 to 1980–2010. The synoptic types reflected the location of the monsoon anticyclone over the LCRB. The monsoon anticyclone intensified primarily over the northwestern region, which includes the LCRB, since the mid‐ to late 1970s. The anticyclone has thus been expanding over the LCRB. The anticyclone has been in a northern position, specifically a north‐central position, over the basin more frequently over the past 30 years; conversely, the anticyclone has been in southern and eastern positions over the basin less frequently.

Life‐history traits and landscape characteristics predict macro‐moth responses to forest fragmentation - Eleanor M. Slade; Thomas Merckx; Terhi Riutta; Daniel P. Bebber; David Redhead; Philip Riordan; David W. Macdonald (Ecology, 2013)
How best to manage forest patches, mitigate the consequences of forest fragmentation, and enable landscape permeability are key questions facing conservation scientists and managers. Many temperate forests have become increasingly fragmented, resulting in reduced interior forest habitat, increased edge habitats, and reduced connectivity. Using a citizen science landscape‐scale mark–release–recapture study on 87 macro‐moth species, we investigated how both life‐history traits and landscape characteristics predicted macro‐moth responses to forest fragmentation. Wingspan, wing shape, adult feeding, and larval feeding guild predicted macro‐moth mobility, although the predictive power of wingspan and wing shape depended on the species' affinity to the forest. Solitary trees and small fragments functioned as “stepping stones,” especially when their landscape connectivity was increased, by being positioned within hedgerows or within a favorable matrix. Mobile forest specialists were most affected by forest fragmentation: despite their high intrinsic dispersal capability, these species were confined mostly to the largest of the forest patches due to their strong affinity for the forest habitat, and were also heavily dependent on forest connectivity in order to cross the agricultural matrix. Forest fragments need to be larger than five hectares and to have interior forest more than 100 m from the edge in order to sustain populations of forest specialists. Our study provides new insights into the movement patterns of a functionally important insect group, with implications for the landscape‐scale management of forest patches within agricultural landscapes.

Novel Mutations Mapping to the Fourth Sodium Channel Domain of Nav1.7 Result in Variable Clinical Manifestations of Primary Erythromelalgia - Roman Cregg; Bisola Laguda; Robert Werdehausen; James J. Cox; John E. Linley; Juan D. Ramirez; Istvan Bodi; Michael Markiewicz; Kevin J. Howell; Ya-Chun Chen; Karen Agnew; Henry Houlden; et al. (NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2013)

Local-level determinants of wildcat occupancy in Northeast Scotland - André P. Silva; Luís M. Rosalino; Paul J. Johnson; David W. Macdonald; Neil Anderson; Kerry Kilshaw (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2013)

Perspectives on the Use of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management in Cleveland and Milwaukee - Melissa Keeley; Althea Koburger; David P. Dolowitz; Dale Medearis; Darla Nickel; William Shuster (Environmental Management, 2013)

Climate change and infectious diseases: Can we meet the needs for better prediction? - Xavier Rodó; Mercedes Pascual; Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes; Alexander Gershunov; Dáithí A. Stone; Filippo Giorgi; Peter J. Hudson; James Kinter; Miquel-Àngel Rodríguez-Arias; Nils Ch. Stenseth; David Alonso; Javier García-Serrano; et al. (Climatic Change, 2013)

Male–female socio-spatial relationships and reproduction in wild chimpanzees - Kevin E. Langergraber; John C. Mitani; David P. Watts; Linda Vigilant (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2013)

Accuracy of a Mitral Valve Segmentation Method Using J-Splines for Real-Time 3D Echocardiography Data - Andrew W. Siefert; David A. Icenogle; Jean-Pierre M. Rabbah; Neelakantan Saikrishnan; Jarek Rossignac; Stamatios Lerakis; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013)

A comparison of intertidal species richness and composition between C entral C alifornia and O ahu, H awaii - Chela J. Zabin; Eric M. Danner; Erin P. Baumgartner; David Spafford; Kathy Ann Miller; John S. Pearse (Marine Ecology, 2013)
The intertidal zone of tropical islands is particularly poorly known. In contrast, temperate locations such as C alifornia's M onterey B ay are fairly well studied. However, even in these locations, studies have tended to focus on a few species or locations. Here we present the results of the first broadscale surveys of invertebrate, fish and algal species richness from a tropical island, O ahu, H awaii, and a temperate mainland coast, C entral C alifornia. Data were gathered through surveys of 10 sites in the early 1970s and again in the mid‐1990s in S an M ateo and S anta C ruz counties, C alifornia, and of nine sites in 2001–2005 on O ahu. Surveys were conducted in a similar manner allowing for a comparison between O ahu and C entral C alifornia and, for C alifornia, a comparison between time periods 24 years apart. We report a previously undocumented richness of intertidal species in both locations: 516 for O ahu and 801 for C entral C alifornia. Surprisingly, when differences in search efforts are controlled, overall (alpha) diversity appears to be similar between locations, although site level (beta) diversity is much higher in C alifornia. Species richness in C alifornia generally increased along a wave exposure gradient and distance from an urban area. Much higher numbers of both invasive and endemic species were found on O ahu. In C alifornia, more invertebrate species were found in the 1990s, likely due to an improvement in taxonomic resources since the 1970s, and species composition was different in the two surveys due to the high incidence of rare species. Although some southern species increased in number between the two time periods and some northern species decreased, we detected little evidence of change favoring southern or northern species. These results are in line with recent findings that water temperatures in the M onterey B ay have been in a cooling trend since the 1980s, in contrast to many locations elsewhere in the world.

Fire regimes of A ustralia: a pyrogeographic model system - Brett P. Murphy; Ross A. Bradstock; Matthias M. Boer; John Carter; Geoffrey J. Cary; Mark A. Cochrane; Roderick J. Fensham; Jeremy Russell‐Smith; Grant J. Williamson; David M. J. S. Bowman (Journal of Biogeography, 2013)
Aim Comparative analyses of fire regimes at large geographical scales can potentially identify ecological and climatic controls of fire. Here we describe A ustralia's broad fire regimes, and explore interrelationships and trade‐offs between fire regime components. We postulate that fire regime patterns will be governed by trade‐offs between moisture, productivity, fire frequency and fire intensity. Location Australia. Methods We reclassified a vegetation map of A ustralia, defining classes based on typical fuel and fire types. Classes were intersected with a climate classification to derive a map of ‘fire regime niches’. Using expert elicitation and a literature search, we validated each niche and characterized typical and extreme fire intensities and return intervals. Satellite‐derived active fire detections were used to determine seasonal patterns of fire activity. Results Fire regime characteristics are closely related to the latitudinal gradient in summer monsoon activity. Frequent low‐intensity fires occur in the monsoonal north, and infrequent, high‐intensity fires in the temperate south, demonstrating a trade‐off between frequency and intensity: that is, very high‐intensity fires are only associated with very low‐frequency fire regimes in the high biomass eucalypt forests of southern A ustralia. While these forests occasionally experience extremely intense fires (> 50,000 kW m −1 ), such regimes are exceptional, with most of the continent dominated by grass fuels, typically burning with lower intensity ( −1 ). Main conclusions Australia's fire regimes exhibit a coherent pattern of frequent, grass‐fuelled fires in many differing vegetation types. While eucalypts are a quintessential A ustralian entity, their contribution as a dominant driver of high‐intensity fire regimes, via their litter and bark fuels, is restricted to the forests of the continent's southern and eastern extremities. Our analysis suggests that the foremost driver of fire regimes at the continental scale is not productivity, as postulated conceptually, but the latitudinal gradient in summer monsoon rainfall activity.

Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO 2 : a model‐data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites - Martin G. De Kauwe; Belinda E. Medlyn; Sönke Zaehle; Anthony P. Walker; Michael C. Dietze; Thomas Hickler; Atul K. Jain; Yiqi Luo; William J. Parton; I. Colin Prentice; Benjamin Smith; Peter E. Thornton; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Predicted responses of transpiration to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( eCO 2 ) are highly variable amongst process‐based models. To better understand and constrain this variability amongst models, we conducted an intercomparison of 11 ecosystem models applied to data from two forest free‐air CO 2 enrichment ( FACE ) experiments at Duke University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We analysed model structures to identify the key underlying assumptions causing differences in model predictions of transpiration and canopy water use efficiency. We then compared the models against data to identify model assumptions that are incorrect or are large sources of uncertainty. We found that model‐to‐model and model‐to‐observations differences resulted from four key sets of assumptions, namely (i) the nature of the stomatal response to elevated CO 2 (coupling between photosynthesis and stomata was supported by the data); (ii) the roles of the leaf and atmospheric boundary layer (models which assumed multiple conductance terms in series predicted more decoupled fluxes than observed at the broadleaf site); (iii) the treatment of canopy interception (large intermodel variability, 2–15%); and (iv) the impact of soil moisture stress (process uncertainty in how models limit carbon and water fluxes during moisture stress). Overall, model predictions of the CO 2 effect on WUE were reasonable (intermodel μ = approximately 28% ± 10%) compared to the observations (μ = approximately 30% ± 13%) at the well‐coupled coniferous site (Duke), but poor (intermodel μ = approximately 24% ± 6%; observations μ = approximately 38% ± 7%) at the broadleaf site (Oak Ridge). The study yields a framework for analysing and interpreting model predictions of transpiration responses to eCO 2 , and highlights key improvements to these types of models.

Scientific Communication for Natural Resource Professionals Edited by Cecil A.Jennings, Thomas E.Lauer and BruceVondracek, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, 2012, ISBN: 978‐1‐934874‐28‐8, Paperback USD 35.00, no UK price. Graphs and figures, 180 pp. - Cameron Freshwater; James P W Robinson; Cayla Naumann; Eric Hertz; David Stormer; Amy K Teffer; Francis Juanes (Fish and Fisheries, 2013)

Fishing groupers towards extinction: a global assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery - Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson; Matthew T Craig; Athila A Bertoncini; Kent E Carpenter; William W L Cheung; John H Choat; Andrew S Cornish; Sean T Fennessy; Beatrice P Ferreira; Philip C Heemstra; Min Liu; Robert F Myers; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2013)
Groupers are a valuable fishery resource of reef ecosystems and are among those species most vulnerable to fishing pressure because of life history characteristics including longevity, late sexual maturation and aggregation spawning. Despite their economic importance, few grouper fisheries are regularly monitored or managed at the species level, and many are reported to be undergoing declines. To identify major threats to groupers, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria were applied to all 163 species. Red List assessments show that 20 species (12%) risk extinction if current trends continue, and an additional 22 species (13%) are considered to be Near Threatened. The Caribbean Sea, coastal Brazil and Southeast Asia contain a disproportionate number of Threatened species, while numerous poorly documented and Near Threatened species occur in many regions. In all, 30% of all species are considered to be Data Deficient. Given that the major threat is overfishing, accompanied by a general absence and/or poor application of fishery management, the prognosis for restoration and successful conservation of Threatened species is poor. We believe that few refuges remain for recovery and that key biological processes (e.g. spawning aggregations) continue to be compromised by uncontrolled fishing. Mariculture, through hatchery‐rearing, increases production of a few species and contributes to satisfying high market demand, but many such operations depend heavily on wild‐caught juveniles with resultant growth and recruitment overfishing. Better management of fishing and other conservation efforts are urgently needed, and we provide examples of possible actions and constraints.

Persistent reduced ecosystem respiration after insect disturbance in high elevation forests - David J. P. Moore; Nicole A. Trahan; Phil Wilkes; Tristan Quaife; Britton B. Stephens; Kelly Elder; Ankur R. Desai; Jose Negron; Russell K. Monson (Ecology Letters, 2013)
Amid a worldwide increase in tree mortality, mountain pine beetles ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) have led to the death of billions of trees from Mexico to Alaska since 2000. This is predicted to have important carbon, water and energy balance feedbacks on the Earth system. Counter to current projections, we show that on a decadal scale, tree mortality causes no increase in ecosystem respiration from scales of several square metres up to an 84 km 2 valley. Rather, we found comparable declines in both gross primary productivity and respiration suggesting little change in net flux, with a transitory recovery of respiration 6–7 years after mortality associated with increased incorporation of leaf litter C into soil organic matter, followed by further decline in years 8–10. The mechanism of the impact of tree mortality caused by these biotic disturbances is consistent with reduced input rather than increased output of carbon.

Conflicting and Complementary Ethics of Animal Welfare Considerations in Reintroductions - LAUREN A. HARRINGTON; AXEL MOEHRENSCHLAGER; MERRYL GELLING; ROB P. D. ATKINSON; JOELENE HUGHES; DAVID W. MACDONALD (Conservation Biology, 2013)
Despite differences in focus, goals, and strategies between conservation biology and animal welfare, both are inextricably linked in many ways, and greater consideration of animal welfare, although important in its own right, also has considerable potential to contribute to conservation success. Nevertheless, animal welfare and animal ethics are not always considered explicitly within conservation practice. We systematically reviewed the recent scientific peer‐reviewed and online gray literature on reintroductions of captive‐bred and wild‐caught animals (mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles) to quantify the occurrence of animal welfare issues. We considered monitoring that could be indicative of the animal's welfare status and supportive management actions that could improve animal welfare (regardless of whether the aim was explicitly animal‐welfare orientated). Potential welfare issues (of variable nature and extent) were recorded in 67% of 199 projects reviewed; the most common were mortality >50%, dispersal or loss of animals, disease, and human conflict. Most (>70%) projects monitored survival, 18% assessed body condition, and 2% monitored stress levels. Animal welfare, explicitly, was referred to in 6% of projects. Supportive actions, most commonly use of on‐site prerelease pens and provision of supplemental food or water, were implemented in 79% of projects, although the extent and duration of support varied. Practitioners can address animal‐welfare issues in reintroductions by considering the potential implications for individual animals at all stages of the release process using the decision tree presented. We urge practitioners to report potential animal‐welfare issues, describe mitigation actions, and evaluate their efficacy to facilitate transparent evaluation of common moral dilemmas and to advance communal strategies for dealing with them. Currently, comparative mortality rates, health risks, postrelease stress, effectiveness of supportive measures, and behavior of individuals warrant further research to improve animal welfare in reintroductions and to increase success of such projects. Ética Conflictiva y Complementaria al Considerar el Bienestar Animal en Reintroducciones

Plate-based diversity subset screening: an efficient paradigm for high throughput screening of a large screening file - Andrew S. Bell; Joseph Bradley; Jeremy R. Everett; Michelle Knight; Jens Loesel; John Mathias; David McLoughlin; James Mills; Robert E. Sharp; Christine Williams; Terence P. Wood (Molecular Diversity, 2013)

Parameterisation of multi-scale continuum perfusion models from discrete vascular networks - Eoin R. Hyde; Christian Michler; Jack Lee; Andrew N. Cookson; Radek Chabiniok; David A. Nordsletten; Nicolas P. Smith (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2013)

Inter-annual variability in the breeding performance of six tropical seabird species: influence of life-history traits and relationship with oceanographic parameters - Teresa Catry; Jaime A. Ramos; Inês Catry; David Monticelli; José P. Granadeiro (Marine Biology, 2013)

Establishment of an immortal cynomolgus macaque fibroblast cell line for propagation of cynomolgus macaque cytomegalovirus (CyCMV) - Aruna P. Ambagala; Angie K. Marsh; Jacqueline K. Chan; Rosemarie Mason; Richard Pilon; Jocelyn Fournier; Paul Sandstrom; David O. Willer; Kelly S. MacDonald (Archives of Virology, 2013)

Approximate B ayesian estimation of extinction rate in the F innish D aphnia magna metapopulation - John D. Robinson; David W. Hall; John P. Wares (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Approximate B ayesian computation ( ABC ) is useful for parameterizing complex models in population genetics. In this study, ABC was applied to simultaneously estimate parameter values for a model of metapopulation coalescence and test two alternatives to a strict metapopulation model in the well‐studied network of D aphnia magna populations in Finland. The models shared four free parameters: the subpopulation genetic diversity ( θ S ), the rate of gene flow among patches (4 N m ), the founding population size ( N 0 ) and the metapopulation extinction rate ( e ) but differed in the distribution of extinction rates across habitat patches in the system. The three models had either a constant extinction rate in all populations (strict metapopulation), one population that was protected from local extinction ( i.e . a persistent source), or habitat‐specific extinction rates drawn from a distribution with specified mean and variance. Our model selection analysis favoured the model including a persistent source population over the two alternative models. Of the closest 750 000 data sets in E uclidean space, 78% were simulated under the persistent source model (estimated posterior probability = 0.769). This fraction increased to more than 85% when only the closest 150 000 data sets were considered (estimated posterior probability = 0.774). Approximate Bayesian computation was then used to estimate parameter values that might produce the observed set of summary statistics. Our analysis provided posterior distributions for e that included the point estimate obtained from previous data from the F innish D . magna metapopulation. Our results support the use of ABC and population genetic data for testing the strict metapopulation model and parameterizing complex models of demography.

Remote climate forcing of decadal‐scale regime shifts in Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems - Charles H. Greene; Erin Meyer-Gutbrod; Bruce C. Monger; Louise P. McGarry; Andrew J. Pershing; Igor M. Belkin; Paula S. Fratantoni; David G. Mountain; Robert S. Pickart; Andrey Proshutinsky; Rubao Ji; James J. Bisagni; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
Decadal‐scale regime shifts in Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems can be remotely forced by climate‐associated atmosphere‐ocean interactions in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean Basins. This remote climate forcing is mediated primarily by basin‐ and hemispheric‐scale changes in ocean circulation. We review and synthesize results from process‐oriented field studies and retrospective analyses of time‐series data to document the linkages between climate, ocean circulation, and ecosystem dynamics. Bottom‐up forcing associated with climate plays a prominent role in the dynamics of these ecosystems, comparable in importance to that of top‐down forcing associated with commercial fishing. A broad perspective, one encompassing the effects of basin‐ and hemispheric‐scale climate processes on marine ecosystems, will be critical to the sustainable management of marine living resources in the Northwest Atlantic.

Ecosystem respiration: Drivers of daily variability and background respiration in lakes around the globe - Christopher T. Solomon; Denise A. Bruesewitz; David C. Richardson; Kevin C. Rose; Matthew C. Van de Bogert; Paul C. Hanson; Timothy K. Kratz; Bret Larget; Rita Adrian; Brenda Leroux Babin; Chih-Yu Chiu; David P. Hamilton; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2013)
We assembled data from a global network of automated lake observatories to test hypotheses regarding the drivers of ecosystem metabolism. We estimated daily rates of respiration and gross primary production (GPP) for up to a full year in each lake, via maximum likelihood fits of a free‐water metabolism model to continuous high‐frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Uncertainties were determined by a bootstrap analysis, allowing lake‐days with poorly constrained rate estimates to be down‐weighted in subsequent analyses. GPP and respiration varied considerably among lakes and at seasonal and daily timescales. Mean annual GPP and respiration ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 mg O 2 L −1 d −1 and were positively related to total phosphorus but not dissolved organic carbon concentration. Within lakes, significant day‐to‐day differences in respiration were common despite large uncertainties in estimated rates on some lake‐days. Daily variation in GPP explained 5% to 85% of the daily variation in respiration after temperature correction. Respiration was tightly coupled to GPP at a daily scale in oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes, and more weakly coupled in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Background respiration ranged from 0.017 to 2.1 mg O 2 L −1 d −1 and was positively related to indicators of recalcitrant allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter loads, but was not clearly related to an indicator of the quality of allochthonous organic matter inputs.

Influence of tidal‐range change and sediment compaction on Holocene relative sea‐level change in New Jersey, USA - BENJAMIN P. HORTON; SIMON E. ENGELHART; DAVID F. HILL; ANDREW C. KEMP; DARIA NIKITINA; KENNETH G. MILLER; W. RICHARD PELTIER (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2013)
We investigated the effect of tidal‐range change and sediment compaction on reconstructions of Holocene relative sea level (RSL) in New Jersey, USA. We updated a published sea‐level database to generate 50 sea‐level index points and ten limiting dates that define continuously rising RSL in New Jersey during the Holocene. There is scatter among the index points, particularly those older than 7 ka. A numerical model estimated that paleotidal range was relatively constant during the mid and late Holocene, but rapidly increased between 9 and 8 ka, leading to an underestimation of RSL by ∼0.5 m. We adjusted the sea‐level index points using the paleotidal model prior to assessing the influence of compaction on organic samples with clastic deposits above and below (an intercalated sea‐level index point). We found a significant relationship ( p = 0.01) with the thickness of the overburden ( r = 0.85). We altered the altitude of intercalated index points using this simple stratigraphic relationship, which reduced vertical scatter in sea‐level reconstructions. We conclude that RSL rose at an average rate of 4 mm a −1 from 10 ka to 6 ka, 2 mm a −1 from 6 ka to 2 ka, and 1.3 mm a −1 from 2 ka to AD 1900. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resilience of marine turtle regional management units to climate change - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; David A. Pike; Andrew Dimatteo; Bryan P. Wallace (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Enhancing species resilience to changing environmental conditions is often suggested as a climate change adaptation strategy. To effectively achieve this, it is necessary first to understand the factors that determine species resilience, and their relative importance in shaping the ability of species to adjust to the complexities of environmental change. This is an extremely challenging task because it requires comprehensive information on species traits. We explored the resilience of 58 marine turtle regional management units ( RMU s) to climate change, encompassing all seven species of marine turtles worldwide. We used expert opinion from the IUCN ‐ SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group ( n = 33 respondents) to develop a Resilience Index, which considered qualitative characteristics of each RMU (relative population size, rookery vulnerability, and genetic diversity) and non climate‐related threats (fisheries, take, coastal development, and pollution/pathogens). Our expert panel perceived rookery vulnerability (the likelihood of functional rookeries becoming extirpated) and non climate‐related threats as having the greatest influence on resilience of RMU s to climate change. We identified the world's 13 least resilient marine turtle RMU s to climate change, which are distributed within all three major ocean basins and include six of the world's seven species of marine turtle. Our study provides the first look at inter‐ and intra‐species variation in resilience to climate change and highlights the need to devise metrics that measure resilience directly. We suggest that this approach can be widely used to help prioritize future actions that increase species resilience to climate change.

A physical map of the Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) genome and its integration with the genetic map - Guang-Chen Fang; Barbara P. Blackmon; Margaret E. Staton; C. Dana Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak; Bode A. Olukolu; David Henry; Tatyana Zhebentyayeva; Christopher A. Saski; Chun-Huai Cheng; Megan Monsanto; Stephen Ficklin; et al. (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2013)

Variability of rainfall from tropical cyclones in the eastern USA and its association to the AMO and ENSO - Ricardo C. Nogueira; Barry D. Keim; David P. Brown; Kevin D. Robbins (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2013)

5-HT2A receptor inactivation potentiates the acute antidepressant-like activity of escitalopram: involvement of the noradrenergic system - G. Quesseveur; C. Repérant; D. J. David; A. M. Gardier; C. Sanchez; B. P. Guiard (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

A Male-Predominant Cuticular Hydrocarbon, 7-Methyltricosane, is used as a Contact Pheromone in the Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis - Oladele A. Olaniran; Akella V. S. Sudhakar; Falko P. Drijfhout; Ian A. N. Dublon; David R. Hall; James G. C. Hamilton; William D. J. Kirk (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2013)

Cryptic genetic diversity in Rattus of the San Francisco Bay region, California - Chris J. Conroy; Kevin C. Rowe; Karen M. C. Rowe; Pauline L. Kamath; Ken P. Aplin; Lucia Hui; David K. James; Craig Moritz; James L. Patton (Biological Invasions, 2013)

Population structure of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, in Reunion Island - C. Jacquard; M. Virgilio; P. David; S. Quilici; M. De Meyer; H. Delatte (Biological Invasions, 2013)

Influences of agricultural landuse and seasonal changes in abiotic conditions on invertebrate colonisation of riparian leaf detritus in intermittent streams - David J. Reid; P. S. Lake; Gerry P. Quinn (Aquatic Sciences, 2013)

Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle - Karl P. Phillips; Tove H. Jorgensen; Kevin G. Jolliffe; San‐Marie Jolliffe; Jock Henwood; David S. Richardson (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Postcopulatory sperm storage can serve a range of functions, including ensuring fertility, allowing delayed fertilization and facilitating sexual selection. Sperm storage is likely to be particularly important in wide‐ranging animals with low population densities, but its prevalence and importance in such taxa, and its role in promoting sexual selection, are poorly known. Here, we use a powerful microsatellite array and paternal genotype reconstruction to assess the prevalence of sperm storage and test sexual selection hypotheses of genetic biases to paternity in one such species, the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata . In the majority of females (90.7%, N = 43), all offspring were sired by a single male. In the few cases of multiple paternity (9.3%), two males fertilized each female. Importantly, the identity and proportional fertilization success of males were consistent across all sequential nests laid by individual females over the breeding season (up to five nests over 75 days). No males were identified as having fertilized more than one female, suggesting that a large number of males are available to females. No evidence for biases to paternity based on heterozygosity or relatedness was found. These results indicate that female hawksbill turtles are predominantly monogamous within a season, store sperm for the duration of the nesting season and do not re‐mate between nests. Furthermore, females do not appear to be using sperm storage to facilitate sexual selection. Consequently, the primary value of storing sperm in marine turtles may be to uncouple mating and fertilization in time and avoid costly re‐mating.

A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - Himanshu P. Upadhyaya; Durisala Desaiah; Kory J. Schuh; Frank P. Bymaster; Mary J. Kallman; David O. Clarke; Todd M. Durell; Paula T. Trzepacz; David O. Calligaro; Eric S. Nisenbaum; Paul J. Emmerson; Leslie M. Schuh; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Infection-Responsive Drug Delivery from Urinary Biomaterials Controlled by a Novel Kinetic and Thermodynamic Approach - Nicola J. Irwin; Colin P. McCoy; David S. Jones; Sean P. Gorman (Pharmaceutical Research, 2013)

Assessing the impact of large-scale dewatering on fault-controlled aquifer systems: a case study in the Acque Albule basin (Tivoli, central Italy) - Elio Brunetti; Jon P. Jones; Marco Petitta; David L. Rudolph (Hydrogeology Journal, 2013)

Induction of DREB2A pathway with repression of E2F, jasmonic acid biosynthetic and photosynthesis pathways in cold acclimation-specific freeze-resistant wheat crown - Amrit Karki; David P. Horvath; Fedora Sutton (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2013)

End-state comfort and joint configuration variance during reaching - Stanislaw Solnik; Nemanja Pazin; Chase J. Coelho; David A. Rosenbaum; John P. Scholz; Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky; Mark L. Latash (Experimental Brain Research, 2013)

Polymorphisms in genes related to one-carbon metabolism are not related to pancreatic cancer in PanScan and PanC4 - Max Leenders; Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee; Paolo Vineis; Victoria Stevens; H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laufey Amundadottir; Myron Gross; Geoffrey S. Tobias; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Alan A. Arslan; Eric J. Duell; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

Mapping of the mouse olfactory system with manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging - David A. Gutman; Matthew Magnuson; Waqas Majeed; Orion P. Keifer; Michael Davis; Kerry J. Ressler; Shella Keilholz (Brain Structure and Function, 2013)

Prenatal tobacco exposure predicts differential brain function during working memory in early adolescence: a preliminary investigation - David S. Bennett; Feroze B. Mohamed; Dennis P. Carmody; Muhammed Malik; Scott H. Faro; Michael Lewis (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2013)

Bayesian modelling the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream - Richard C. Chiverrell; Ian M. Thrasher; Geoffrey S. P. Thomas; Andreas Lang; James D. Scourse; Katrien J. J. van Landeghem; Danny Mccarroll; Chris D. Clark; Colm Ó Cofaigh; David J. A. Evans; Colin K. Ballantyne (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2013)
We present an 8000‐year history spanning 650 km of ice margin retreat for the largest marine‐terminating ice stream draining the former British–Irish Ice Sheet. Bayesian modelling of the geochronological data shows the ISIS expanded 34.0–25.3 ka, accelerating into the Celtic Sea to reach maximum limits 25.3–24.5 ka before a collapse with rapid marginal retreat to the northern Irish Sea Basin (ISB). This retreat was rapid and driven by climatic warming, sea‐level rise, mega‐tidal amplitudes and reactivation of meridional circulation in the North Atlantic. The retreat, though rapid, is uneven, with the stepped retreat pattern possibly a function of the passage of the ice stream between normal and adverse ice bed gradients and changing ice stream geometry. Initially, wide calving margins and adverse slopes encouraged rapid retreat (∼550 m a −1 ) that slowed (∼100 m a −1 ) at the topographic constriction and bathymetric high between southern Ireland and Wales before rates increased (∼200 m a −1 ) across adverse bed slopes and wider and deeper basin configuration in the northern ISB. These data point to the importance of the ice bed slope and lateral extent in predicting the longer‐term (>1000 a) patterns and rates of ice‐marginal retreat during phases of rapid collapse, which has implications for the modelling of projected rapid retreat of present‐day ice streams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

From desert to rainforest, sapwood width is similar in the widespread conifer Callitris columellaris - Lynda D. Prior; Timothy J. Brodribb; David Y. P. Tng; David M. J. S. Bowman (Trees, 2013)

Life cycle assessment of sponge nickel produced by gas atomisation for use in industrial hydrogenation catalysis applications - Nicholas P. Lavery; David J. Jarvis; Stephen G. R. Brown; Nicholas J. Adkins; Benjamin P. Wilson (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013)

Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) use suction and filter feeding when hunting small prey underwater - David P. Hocking; Alistair R. Evans; Erich M. G. Fitzgerald (Polar Biology, 2013)

Sex-specific differences in natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide synthase expression in ANP gene-disrupted mice - Philip G. Wong; David W. J. Armstrong; M. Yat Tse; Emily P. A. Brander; Stephen C. Pang (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2013)

A system identification analysis of neural adaptation dynamics and nonlinear responses in the local reflex control of locust hind limbs - Oliver P. Dewhirst; Natalia Angarita-Jaimes; David M. Simpson; Robert Allen; Philip L. Newland (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2013)

Pesticide use and fatal injury among farmers in the Agricultural Health Study - Jenna K. Waggoner; Paul K. Henneberger; Greg J. Kullman; David M. Umbach; Freya Kamel; Laura E. Beane Freeman; Michael C. R. Alavanja; Dale P. Sandler; Jane A. Hoppin (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2013)

Assessment of systematic effects of methodological characteristics on candidate genetic associations - Badr Aljasir; John P. A. Ioannidis; Alex Yurkiewich; David Moher; Julian P. T. Higgins; Paul Arora; Julian Little (Human Genetics, 2013)

Mobile receivers: releasing the mooring to ‘see’ where fish go - Sean A. Hayes; Nicole M. Teutschel; Cyril J. Michel; Cory Champagne; Patrick W. Robinson; Melinda Fowler; Tina Yack; David K. Mellinger; Samantha Simmons; Daniel P. Costa; R. Bruce MacFarlane (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2013)

Probabilistic estimates of future changes in California temperature and precipitation using statistical and dynamical downscaling - David W. Pierce; Tapash Das; Daniel R. Cayan; Edwin P. Maurer; Norman L. Miller; Yan Bao; M. Kanamitsu; Kei Yoshimura; Mark A. Snyder; Lisa C. Sloan; Guido Franco; Mary Tyree (Climate Dynamics, 2013)

Current insights into protease dynamics in human epithelial disease and barrier function - Michael A. Curtis; David P. Kelsell (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Rhomboid proteins: a role in keratinocyte proliferation and cancer - Sarah L. Etheridge; Matthew A. Brooke; David P. Kelsell; Diana C. Blaydon (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Revision of Plerandra (Araliaceae). I. A synopsis of the genus with an expanded circumscription and a new infrageneric classification - Porter P. Lowry; Gregory M. Plunkett; David G. Frodin (Brittonia, 2013)

Progressive genome‐wide introgression in agricultural Campylobacter coli - Samuel K. Sheppard; Xavier Didelot; Keith A. Jolley; Aaron E. Darling; Ben Pascoe; Guillaume Meric; David J. Kelly; Alison Cody; Frances M. Colles; Norval J. C. Strachan; Iain D. Ogden; Ken Forbes; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2013)
Hybridization between distantly related organisms can facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments, but is potentially constrained by epistatic fitness interactions among cell components. The zoonotic pathogens C ampylobacter coli and C . jejuni differ from each other by around 15% at the nucleotide level, corresponding to an average of nearly 40 amino acids per protein‐coding gene. Using whole genome sequencing, we show that a single C. coli lineage, which has successfully colonized an agricultural niche, has been progressively accumulating C. jejuni DNA . Members of this lineage belong to two groups, the ST ‐828 and ST ‐1150 clonal complexes. The ST ‐1150 complex is less frequently isolated and has undergone a substantially greater amount of introgression leading to replacement of up to 23% of the C. coli core genome as well as import of novel DNA . By contrast, the more commonly isolated ST ‐828 complex bacteria have 10–11% introgressed DNA , and C. jejuni and nonagricultural C. coli lineages each have C. coli that colonize agriculture, and consequently cause most human disease, have hybrid origin, but this cross‐species exchange has so far not had a substantial impact on the gene pools of either C. jejuni or nonagricultural C. coli . These findings also indicate remarkable interchangeability of basic cellular machinery after a prolonged period of independent evolution.

Fire in the Air: Biomass Burning Impacts in a Changing Climate - Melita Keywood; Maria Kanakidou; Andreas Stohl; Frank Dentener; Giacomo Grassi; C. P. Meyer; Kjetil Torseth; David Edwards; Anne M. Thompson; Ulrike Lohmann; John Burrows (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2013)

Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting - Miguel Brandão; Annie Levasseur; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Bo P. Weidema; Annette L. Cowie; Susanne Vedel Jørgensen; Michael Z. Hauschild; David W. Pennington; Kirana Chomkhamsri (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013)

Effects of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) and quipazine on heroin self-administration in rhesus monkeys - David R. Maguire; Jun-Xu Li; Wouter Koek; Charles P. France (Psychopharmacology, 2013)

Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) exhibit sleep related behaviors that minimize exposure to parasitic arthropods? A preliminary report on the possible anti-vector function of chimpanzee sleeping platforms - David R. Samson; Michael P. Muehlenbein; Kevin D. Hunt (Primates, 2013)

A respiratory alert model for the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, USA - David M. Hondula; Robert E. Davis; David B. Knight; Luke J. Sitka; Kyle Enfield; Stephen B. Gawtry; Phillip J. Stenger; Michael L. Deaton; Caroline P. Normile; Temple R. Lee (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2013)

Structural effects of the antimicrobial peptide maculatin 1.1 on supported lipid bilayers - David I. Fernandez; Anton P. Le Brun; Tzong-Hsien Lee; Paramjit Bansal; Marie-Isabel Aguilar; Michael James; Frances Separovic (European Biophysics Journal, 2013)

Water quality associated public health risk in Bo, Sierra Leone - David H. Jimmy; Abu J. Sundufu; Anthony P. Malanoski; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Rashid Ansumana; Tomasz A. Leski; Umaru Bangura; Alfred S. Bockarie; Edries Tejan; Baochuan Lin; David A. Stenger (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013)

Sensitivity of early life stages of white sturgeon, rainbow trout, and fathead minnow to copper - David W. Vardy; Johanna Oellers; Jon A. Doering; Henner Hollert; John P. Giesy; Markus Hecker (Ecotoxicology, 2013)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in active monitoring of localized prostate cancer: a population-based observational study - Mari-Anne Rowlands; Kate Tilling; Jeff M. P. Holly; Chris Metcalfe; David Gunnell; Athene Lane; Michael Davis; Jenny Donovan; Freddie Hamdy; David E. Neal; Richard M. Martin (Cancer Causes & Control, 2013)

How do enzymes catalysing soil nitrogen transformations respond to changing temperatures? - Fiona C. Fraser; Paul D. Hallett; Philip A. Wookey; Iain P. Hartley; David W. Hopkins (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013)

Connexin 26 facilitates gastrointestinal bacterial infection in vitro - Charlotte Simpson; David P. Kelsell; Olivier Marchès (Cell and Tissue Research, 2013)

Trait-dependent declines of species following conversion of rain forest to oil palm plantations - Michael J. M. Senior; Keith C. Hamer; Simon Bottrell; David P. Edwards; Tom M. Fayle; Jennifer M. Lucey; Peter J. Mayhew; Robert Newton; Kelvin S.-H. Peh; Frederick H. Sheldon; Christopher Stewart; Alison R. Styring; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2013)

Estimating minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) boing sound density using passive acoustic sensors - Stephen W. Martin; Tiago A. Marques; Len Thomas; Ronald P. Morrissey; Susan Jarvis; Nancy DiMarzio; David Moretti; David K. Mellinger (Marine Mammal Science, 2013)
A bstract Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using visual distance sampling or capture‐recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of 14 bottom‐mounted hydrophones, distributed over a 60 × 30 km area off Kauai, Hawaii, to estimate density during 12 d of recordings in early 2006. We converted the number of acoustic cues ( i.e. , boings) detected using signal processing software into a cue density by accounting for the false positive rate and probability of detection. The former was estimated by manual validation, the latter by applying spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) methods to a subset of data where we had determined which hydrophones detected each call. Estimated boing density was 130 boings per hour per 10,000 km 2 (95% CI 104–163). Little is known about the population's acoustic behavior, so conversion from boing to animal density is difficult. As a demonstration of the method, we used a tentative boing rate of 6.04 boings per hour, from a single animal tracked in 2009, to give an estimate of 21.5 boing‐calling minke whales per 10,000 km 2 .

Adapting dugong catching techniques to different cultural and environmental settings - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes; Christophe Cleguer; Nikolai Liebsch; Guy Bedford; David Amber; Charlie Hankin; Phillip McCarthy; Takahiro Shimada; Terrence Whap; Helene Marsh (Marine Mammal Science, 2013)

Climate change, phenology, and habitat degradation: drivers of gosling body condition and juvenile survival in lesser snow geese - Lise M. Aubry; Robert F. Rockwell; Evan G. Cooch; Rodney W. Brook; Christa P. H. Mulder; David N. Koons (Global Change Biology, 2013)
Nesting migratory geese are among the dominant herbivores in (sub) arctic environments, which have undergone unprecedented increases in temperatures and plant growing days over the last three decades. Within these regions, the H udson B ay L owlands are home to an overabundant breeding population of lesser snow geese that has dramatically damaged the ecosystem, with cascading effects at multiple trophic levels. In some areas the overabundance of geese has led to a drastic reduction in available forage. In addition, warming of this region has widened the gap between goose migration timing and plant green‐up, and this ‘mismatch’ between goose and plant phenologies could in turn affect gosling development. The dual effects of climate change and habitat quality on gosling body condition and juvenile survival are not known, but are critical for predicting population growth and related degradation of (sub) arctic ecosystems. To address these issues, we used information on female goslings marked and measured between 1978 and 2005 (4125 individuals). Goslings that developed within and near the traditional center of the breeding colony experienced the effects of long‐term habitat degradation: body condition and juvenile survival declined over time. In newly colonized areas, however, we observed the opposite pattern (increase in body condition and juvenile survival). In addition, warmer than average winters and summers resulted in lower gosling body condition and first‐year survival. Too few plant ‘growing days’ in the spring relative to hatch led to similar results. Our assessment indicates that geese are recovering from habitat degradation by moving to newly colonized locales. However, a warmer climate could negatively affect snow goose populations in the long‐run, but it will depend on which seasons warm the fastest. These antagonistic mechanisms will require further study to help predict snow goose population dynamics and manage the trophic cascade they induce.

Dominantly Inherited Myotonia Congenita Resulting from a Mutation That Increases Open Probability of the Muscle Chloride Channel CLC-1 - David P. Richman; Yawei Yu; Ting-Ting Lee; Pang-Yen Tseng; Wei-Ping Yu; Ricardo A. Maselli; Chih-Yung Tang; Tsung-Yu Chen (NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2012)

Potent selective inhibition of STAT 3 versus STAT 1 by cardiac hormones - Meghan L. Lane; Chelsea D. Frost; Jennifer P. Nguyen; William P. Skelton; Michelle Skelton; David L. Vesely (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2012)

Dietary Diversity and Food Selection in Hanuman Langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) and Purple-Faced Langurs (Trachypithecus vetulus) in the Kaludiyapokuna Forest Reserve in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka - Rajnish P. Vandercone; Chameera Dinadh; Gayan Wijethunga; Kitsiri Ranawana; David T. Rasmussen (International Journal of Primatology, 2012)

The role of FOXP3 in the development and metastatic spread of breast cancer - Stephen Douglass; Simi Ali; Annette P. Meeson; David Browell; John A. Kirby (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2012)

HIV neuropathy: an in vivo confocal microscopic study - Jorge L. Almodovar; Giovanni Schifitto; Michael P. McDermott; Michele Ferguson; David N. Herrmann (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2012)

Resilience of Norovirus GII.4 to Freezing and Thawing: Implications for Virus Infectivity - Gary P. Richards; Michael A. Watson; Gloria K. Meade; Gregory L. Hovan; David H. Kingsley (Food and Environmental Virology, 2012)