Bacterial diversity in the bacterioneuston (sea surface microlayer): the bacterioneuston through the looking glass - Mark P. Franklin; Ian R. McDonald; David G. Bourne; Nicholas J. P. Owens; Robert C. Upstill‐Goddard; J. Colin Murrell (Environmental Microbiology, 2005)
Summary The bacterioneuston is defined as the community of bacteria present within the neuston or sea surface microlayer. Bacteria within this layer were sampled using a membrane filter technique and bacterial diversity was compared with that in the underlying pelagic coastal seawater using molecular ecological techniques. 16S rRNA gene libraries of ≈ 500 clones were constructed from both bacterioneuston and the pelagic water samples and representative clones from each library were sequenced for comparison of bacterial diversity. The bacterioneuston was found to have a significantly lower bacterial diversity than the pelagic seawater, with only nine clone types (ecotaxa) as opposed to 46 ecotaxa in the pelagic seawater library. Surprisingly, the bacterioneuston clone library was dominated by 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated to two groups of organisms, Vibrio spp. which accounted for over 68% of clones and Pseudoalteromonas spp. accounting for 21% of the library. The dominance of these two 16S rRNA gene sequence types within the bacterioneuston clone library was confirmed in a subsequent gene probing experiment. 16S rRNA gene probes specific for these groups of bacteria were designed and used to probe new libraries of 1000 clones from both the bacterioneuston and pelagic seawater DNA samples. This revealed that 57% of clones from the bacterioneuston library hybridized to a Vibrio sp.‐specific 16S rRNA gene probe and 32% hybridized to a Pseudoalteromonas sp.‐specific 16S rRNA gene probe. In contrast, the pelagic seawater library resulted in only 13% and 8% of 16S rRNA gene clones hybridizing to the Vibrio sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp. probes respectively. Results from this study suggest that the bacterioneuston contains a distinct population of bacteria and warrants further detailed study at the molecular level.

Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor potentiators: receptor modulation, frequency-dependent synaptic activity, and efficacy in preclinical anxiety and psychosis model(s) - Michael P. Johnson; David Barda; Thomas C. Britton; Renee Emkey; William J. Hornback; G. Erik Jagdmann; David L. McKinzie; Eric S. Nisenbaum; Joseph P. Tizzano; Darryle D. Schoepp (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreases operant ethanol self-administration during maintenance and after repeated alcohol deprivations in alcohol-preferring (P) rats - Jason P. Schroeder; David H. Overstreet; Clyde W. Hodge (Psychopharmacology, 2005)

Use of Comet and Micronucleus Assays to Measure Genotoxicity in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) Living in Golf Course Ecosystems Exposed to Pesticides - Loren D. Knopper; Pierre Mineau; James P. Mcnamee; David R. S. Lean (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

The Uncertain Value of Perfect ENSO Phase Forecasts: Stochastic Agricultural Prices and Intra-Phase Climatic Variations - David Letson; Guillermo P. Podestá; Carlos D. Messina; R. Andrés Ferreyra (Climatic Change, 2005)

A genomic view of eukaryotic DNA replication - David M. MacAlpine; Stephen P. Bell (Chromosome Research, 2005)

PUP PRODUCTION AND POPULATION TRENDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN FUR SEAL (ARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS DORIFERUS) - Roger Kirkwood; Rosemary Gales; Aleks Terauds; John P. Y. Arnould; David Pemberton; Peter D. Shaughnessy; Anthony T. Mitchell; John Gibbens (Marine Mammal Science, 2005)

Site‐level evaluation of satellite‐based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring - David P. Turner; William D. Ritts; Warren B. Cohen; Thomas K. Maeirsperger; Stith T. Gower; Al A. Kirschbaum; Steve W. Running; Maosheng Zhao; Steven C. Wofsy; Allison L. Dunn; Beverly E. Law; John L. Campbell; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2005)
Operational monitoring of global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) is now underway using imagery from the satellite‐borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Evaluation of MODIS GPP and NPP products will require site‐level studies across a range of biomes, with close attention to numerous scaling issues that must be addressed to link ground measurements to the satellite‐based carbon flux estimates. Here, we report results of a study aimed at evaluating MODIS NPP/GPP products at six sites varying widely in climate, land use, and vegetation physiognomy. Comparisons were made for twenty‐five 1 km 2 cells at each site, with 8‐day averages for GPP and an annual value for NPP. The validation data layers were made with a combination of ground measurements, relatively high resolution satellite data (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus at ∼30 m resolution), and process‐based modeling. There was strong seasonality in the MODIS GPP at all sites, and mean NPP ranged from 80 g C m −2 yr −1 at an arctic tundra site to 550 g C m −2 yr −1 at a temperate deciduous forest site. There was not a consistent over‐ or underprediction of NPP across sites relative to the validation estimates. The closest agreements in NPP and GPP were at the temperate deciduous forest, arctic tundra, and boreal forest sites. There was moderate underestimation in the MODIS products at the agricultural field site, and strong overestimation at the desert grassland and at the dry coniferous forest sites. Analyses of specific inputs to the MODIS NPP/GPP algorithm – notably the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation canopy, the maximum light use efficiency (LUE), and the climate data – revealed the causes of the over‐ and underestimates. Suggestions for algorithm improvement include selectively altering values for maximum LUE (based on observations at eddy covariance flux towers) and parameters regulating autotrophic respiration.

Carbon exchange of grazed pasture on a drained peat soil - Joost P. Nieveen; David I. Campbell; Louis A. Schipper; Ian J. Blair (Global Change Biology, 2005)
Land‐use changes have contributed to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Conversion from natural peatlands to agricultural land has led to widespread subsidence of the peat surface caused by soil compaction and mineralization. To study the net ecosystem exchange of carbon (C) and the contribution of respiration to peat subsidence, eddy covariance measurements were made over pasture on a well‐developed, drained peat soil from 22 May 2002 to 21 May 2003. The depth to the water table fluctuated between 0.02 m in winter 2002 to 0.75 m during late summer and early autumn 2003. Peat soil moisture content varied between 0.6 and 0.7 m 3 m −3 until the water table dropped below 0.5 m, when moisture content reached 0.38 m 3 m −3 . Neither depth to water table nor soil moisture was found to have an effect on the rate of night‐time respiration (ranging from 0.4–8.0 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 in winter and summer, respectively). Most of the variance in night‐time respiration was explained by changes in the 0.1 m soil temperature ( r 2 =0.93). The highest values for daytime net ecosystem exchange were measured in September 2002, with a maximum of −17.2 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . Grazing events and soil moisture deficiencies during a short period in summer reduced net CO 2 exchange. To establish an annual C balance for this ecosystem, non‐linear regression was used to model missing data. Annually integrated (CO 2 ) C exchange for this peat–pasture ecosystem was 45±500 kg C ha −1 yr −1 . After including other C exchanges (methane emissions from cows and production of milk), the net annual C loss was 1061±500 kg C ha −1 yr −1 .

Probability of Nonindigenous Seafood Species Becoming Established - REUBEN P. KELLER; DAVID M. LODGE (Conservation Biology, 2005)

Increased Infectious Disease Susceptibility Resulting from Outbreeding Depression - TONY L. GOLDBERG; EMILY C. GRANT; KATE R. INENDINO; TODD W. KASSLER; JULIE E. CLAUSSEN; DAVID P. PHILIPP (Conservation Biology, 2005)
The mechanisms by which outbreeding depression leads to reduced fitness are poorly understood. We considered the hypothesis that outbreeding can depress fitness by increasing the susceptibility of hybrid individuals and populations to infectious disease. Competitive breeding trials in experimental ponds indicated that outbred largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) crossed from two geographically and genetically distinct populations suffered a reduction in fitness of approximately 14% relative to parental stocks. We measured the comparative susceptibility of these same outbred stocks to a novel viral pathogen, largemouth bass virus. Following experimental inoculation, F2 generation hybrids suffered mortality at a rate 3.6 times higher than either F1 generation hybrids or wild‐type parental fish. Analysis of viral loads indicated that viral replication was more rapid in F2 fish than in F1 hybrids or wild‐type parental fish. We attribute these results to the disruption of coadapted gene complexes in the immune systems of outbred fish in the F2 generation. Increased susceptibility to infectious disease may be an important but underappreciated mechanism by which outbreeding reduces the fitness of individuals and populations and by which novel infectious diseases emerge in populations of hybrid organisms.

Translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E are required for polysome formation and regulate plant growth in tobacco - Jonathan P. Combe; Marie E. Petracek; Gerben van Eldik; Frank Meulewaeter; David Twell (Plant Molecular Biology, 2005)

Timing of orogenic gold mineralisation in northeastern Tasmania: implications for the tectonic and metallogenetic evolution of Palaeozoic SE Australia - Frank P. Bierlein; David A. Foster; David R. Gray; Garry J. Davidson (Mineralium Deposita, 2005)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD): analysis of the PABPN1 gene expansion sequence in 86 patients reveals 13 different expansion types and further evidence for unequal recombination as the mutational mechanism - David O. Robinson; Simon R. Hammans; Steven P. Read; Julie Sillibourne (Human Genetics, 2005)

Bisulphite sequencing of the transient neonatal diabetes mellitus DMR facilitates a novel diagnostic test but reveals no methylation anomalies in patients of unknown aetiology - Deborah J. G. Mackay; I Karen Temple; Julian P. H. Shield; David O. Robinson (Human Genetics, 2005)

Mercury Concentrations in Bicknell?s Thrush and Other Insectivorous Passerines in Montane Forests of Northeastern North America - Christopher C. Rimmer; Kent P. McFarland; David C. Evers; Eric K. Miller; Yves Aubry; Daniel Busby; Robert J. Taylor (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

Mercury in the Northern Crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen), in New England, USA - Chris M. Pennuto; Oksana P. Lane; David C. Evers; Robert J. Taylor; Jeff Loukmas (Ecotoxicology, 2005)

Effects of fine sediment inputs from a logging road on stream insect communities:a large-scale experimental approach in a Canadian headwater stream - David P. Kreutzweiser; Scott S. Capell; Kevin P. Good (Aquatic Ecology, 2005)

Fungal pathogenesis: Bridging the gap between the bedside and the bench - David Andes; Jon P. Woods; George Mejicano (Mycopathologia, 2005)

Oligogenic combinations associated with breast cancer risk in women under 53years of age - Christopher E. Aston; David A. Ralph; Dominique P. Lalo; Sharmila Manjeshwar; Bobby A. Gramling; Daniele C. DeFreese; Amy D. West; Dannielle E. Branam; Linda F. Thompson; Melissa A. Craft; Debra S. Mitchell; Craig D. Shimasaki; et al. (Human Genetics, 2005)

Influence of Targets and Assessment Region Size on Perceived Conservation Priorities - David D. Diamond; C. Diane True; Taisia M. Gordon; Scott P. Sowa; Walter E. Foster; K. Bruce Jones (Environmental Management, 2005)

Comparing the effects of farming practices on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spider (Araneae) assemblages of Scottish farmland - Lorna J. Cole; David I. McCracken; Iain S. Downie; Peter Dennis; Garth N. Foster; Tony Waterhouse; Kevin J. Murphy; Anna L. Griffin; Mike P. Kennedy (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2005)

Effects of Trochanteric Soft Tissues and Bone Density on Fracture of the Female Pelvis in Experimental Side Impacts - Brandon S. Etheridge; David P. Beason; Robert R. Lopez; Jorge E. Alonso; Gerald McGwin; Alan W. Eberhardt (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2005)

Long-Term Nitrate Export Pattern from Hubbard Brook Watershed 6 Driven by Climatic Variation - Bongghi Hong; Dennis P. Swaney; Peter B. Woodbury; David A. Weinstein (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2005)

NMI-1182, a gastro-protective cyclo-oxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donor - James L. Ellis; Michael E. Augustyniak; Edward D. Cochran; Richard A. Earl; David S. Garvey; Laura J. Gordon; David R. Janero; Subhash P. Khanapure; L. Gordon Letts; Terry L. Melim; Madhavi G. Murty; David J. Schwalb; et al. (Inflammopharmacology, 2005)

Commercial Speech Recognition Technology in the Military Domain: Results of Two Recent Research Efforts - David T. Williamson; Mark H. Draper; Gloria L. Calhoun; Timothy P. Barry (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005)

Empirical Bayes estimation of gene-specific effects in micro-array research - Jode W. Edwards; Grier P. Page; Gary Gadbury; Moonseong Heo; Tsuyoshi Kayo; Richard Weindruch; David B. Allison (Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2005)

Expression and evolutionary analysis of West Nile virus (Merion Strain) - Mathura P Ramanathan; Jerome A Chambers; Jesse Taylor; Bette T Korber; Mark D Lee; Aysegul Nalca; Kesan Dang; Panyupa Pankhong; Watcharee Attatippaholkun; David B Weiner (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2005)

Physics-Driven CFD Modeling of Complex Anatomical Cardiovascular Flows?A TCPC Case Study - Kerem Pekkan; Diane de Zlicourt; Liang Ge; Fotis Sotiropoulos; David Frakes; Mark A. Fogel; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2005)

Evaluating mixed samples as a source of error in non‐invasive genetic studies using microsatellites - DAVID A. ROON; MIRANDA E. THOMAS; KATHERINE C. KENDALL; LISETTE P. WAITS (Molecular Ecology, 2005)
The use of noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) for surveying wild populations is increasing rapidly. Currently, only a limited number of studies have evaluated potential biases associated with NGS. This paper evaluates the potential errors associated with analysing mixed samples drawn from multiple animals. Most NGS studies assume that mixed samples will be identified and removed during the genotyping process. We evaluated this assumption by creating 128 mixed samples of extracted DNA from brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) hair samples. These mixed samples were genotyped and screened for errors at six microsatellite loci according to protocols consistent with those used in other NGS studies. Five mixed samples produced acceptable genotypes after the first screening. However, all mixed samples produced multiple alleles at one or more loci, amplified as only one of the source samples, or yielded inconsistent electropherograms by the final stage of the error‐checking process. These processes could potentially reduce the number of individuals observed in NGS studies, but errors should be conservative within demographic estimates. Researchers should be aware of the potential for mixed samples and carefully design gel analysis criteria and error checking protocols to detect mixed samples.

Isolation and properties of methanesulfonate‐degrading Afipia felis from Antarctica and comparison with other strains of A. felis - S. Azra Moosvi; Catarina C. Pacheco; Ian R. McDonald; Paolo De Marco; David A. Pearce; Donovan P. Kelly; Ann P. Wood (Environmental Microbiology, 2005)
Summary Three novel strains of methylotrophic Afipia felis were isolated from several locations on Signy Island, Antarctica, and a fourth from estuary sediment from the River Douro, Portugal. They were identified as strains of the α‐2 proteobacterium A. felis by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two strains tested were shown to contain the fdxA gene, diagnostic for A. felis . All strains grew with methanesulfonate (and two strains with dimethylsulfone) as sole carbon substrate. Growth on methanesulfonate required methanesulfonate monooxygenase (MSAMO), using NADH as the reductant and stimulated by reduced flavin nucleotides and Fe(II). Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA from an Antarctic strain showed a typical msmA gene for the α‐hydroxylase of MSAMO, and both Antarctic and Portuguese strains contained mxaF , the methanol dehydrogenase large subunit gene. This is the first report of methanesulfonate‐degrading bacteria from the Antarctic and of methylotrophy in Afipia , and the first description of any bacterium able to use both methanesulfonate and dimethylsulfone. In contrast, the type strain of A. felis DSM 7326 T was not methylotrophic, but grew in defined mineral medium with a wide range of single simple organic substrates. Free‐living Afipia strains occurring widely in the natural environment may be significant as methylotrophs, degrading C 1 ‐sulfur compounds, including the recalcitrant organosulfur compound methanesulfonate.

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated impairment of visuospatial attention in the rat - P. Alexander Arguello; J. David Jentsch (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Isolation of bacterial artificial chromosome DNA by means of improved alkaline lysis and double potassium acetate precipitation - David P. Villalobos; Rocío Bautista; Francisco M. Cánovas; M. Gonzalo Claros (Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2004)

Modeling Sustainability of Arctic Communities: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Researchers and Local Knowledge Holders - Jack A. Kruse; Robert G. White; Howard E. Epstein; Billy Archie; Matt Berman; Stephen R. Braund; F. Stuart Chapin; Johnny Charlie; Colin J. Daniel; Joan Eamer; Nick Flanders; Brad Griffith; et al. (Ecosystems, 2004)

40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse - Christopher J. Harpel; Philip R. Kyle; Richard P. Esser; William C. McIntosh; David A. Caldwell (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004)

Effect of short-term SSRI treatment on cognitive bias in generalised anxiety disorder - Karin Mogg; David S. Baldwin; Paul Brodrick; Brendan P. Bradley (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

An EST resource for cassava and other species of Euphorbiaceae - James V. Anderson; Michel Delseny; Martin A. Fregene; Veronique Jorge; Chikelu Mba; Camilo Lopez; Silvia Restrepo; Mauricio Soto; Benoit Piegu; Valerie Verdier; Richard Cooke; Joe Tohme; et al. (Plant Molecular Biology, 2004)

Cytokine gene polymorphisms in ischaemic heart disease: investigation using family-based tests of association - Paul G. McGlinchey; Mark S. Spence; Chris C. Patterson; Adrian R. Allen; Gillian Murphy; David A. Savage; A. Peter Maxwell; Pascal P. McKeown (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2004)

The Structure of Variation and Its Influence on the Estimation of Status: Indicators of Condition of Lakes in the Northeast, U.S.A. - Thomas M. Kincaid; David P. Larsen; N. Scott Urquhart (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2004)

Jak2 tyrosine kinase residues glutamic acid 1024 and arginine 1113 form a hydrogen bond interaction that is essential for Jak-STAT signal transduction - Eric M. Sandberg; Dannielle VonDerLinden; David A. Ostrov; Peter P. Sayeski (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2004)

Twinning and the Incidence of Breast and Gynecological Cancers (United States) - Rachel E. Neale; David M. Purdie; Michael F. G. Murphy; Geraldine P. Mineau; Timothy Bishop; David C. Whiteman (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Constitutive expression and alternative splicing of the exons encoding SCRs in Sp152, the sea urchin homologue of complement factor B. Implications on the evolution of the Bf/C2 gene family - David P. Terwilliger; Lori A. Clow; Paul S. Gross; L. Courtney Smith (Immunogenetics, 2004)

Neural control exploits changing mechanical advantage and context dependence to generate different feeding responses in Aplysia - Gregory P. Sutton; Elizabeth V. Mangan; David M. Neustadter; Randall D. Beer; Patrick E. Crago; Hillel J. Chiel (Biological Cybernetics, 2004)

RESONANCE AND DISSONANCE: SCIENCE, ETHICS, AND THE SONAR DEBATE - Damon P. Gannon; David W. Johnston; Andrew J. Read; Douglas P. Nowacek (Marine Mammal Science, 2004)

Antidepressant-like effects of a novel pentapeptide, nemifitide, in an animal model of depression - David H. Overstreet; Joseph Hlavka; John P. Feighner; Gabriela Nicolau; Jeffrey S. Freed (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Introduction - James P. Allen; David B. Knaff (Photosynthesis Research, 2004)

Correlates of cell-mediated immunity in nestling house sparrows - David F. Westneat; Jennifer Weiskittle; Remona Edenfield; Tria B. Kinnard; Joseph P. Poston (Oecologia, 2004)

Links between the structure of an Antarctic shallow-water community and ice-scour frequency - Kirsty M. Brown; Keiron P. P. Fraser; David K. A. Barnes; Lloyd S. Peck (Oecologia, 2004)

Towards a mutant map of the mouse ? new models of neurological, behavioural, deafness, bone, renal and blood disorders - Sohaila Rastan; Tertius Hough; Amy Kierman; Rachel Hardisty; Alexandra Erven; Ian C. Gray; Stepanie Voeling; Adrian Isaacs; Hsun Tsai; Mark Strivens; Rebecca Washbourne; Claire Thornton; et al. (Genetica, 2004)

Variation in Desiccation Tolerance in Freshwater Snails and Its Consequences for Invasion Ability - B. Facon; E. Machline; J.P. Pointier; P. David (Biological Invasions, 2004)

Somatic energy of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka at the onset of upriver migration: a comparison among ocean climate regimes - Glenn T. Crossin; Scott G. Hinch; Anthony P. Farrell; David A. Higgs; Michael C. Healey (Fisheries Oceanography, 2004)
We examined somatic energy patterns in two stocks (Chilko and Early Stuart) of adult Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada) sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ), collected at the end of their ocean residency, spanning years across different climate regimes. Both stocks had high levels of somatic energy in years with high open ocean productivity (1956, 1957, 2001 and 2002), and relatively low levels in years with poor open ocean productivity (1999 and 2000). For Early Stuart sockeye, energy levels in 1999 and 2000 were approximately 15% lower (∼1.5 MJ kg −1 ) than that in the 1950s, an amount of energy equivalent to that necessary for migrating 600 km upriver. In recent years (2001 and 2002), energy levels have increased by about 9% for both stocks. Low energy levels at the onset of upriver migration, particularly in years of energetically demanding in‐river conditions, such as high flows or temperatures, are likely to contribute to prespawning and en route mortality in Fraser sockeye.

Softwood Lumber Products in the United States: Substitutes, Complements, or Unrelated? - Rao V. Nagubadi; Daowei Zhang; Jeffrey P. Prestemon; David N. Wear (Forest Science, 2004)
This study addresses an important dimension concerning the softwood lumber trade dispute between United States and Canada–substitutability among imported and domestically produced species. We employ the restricted translog subcost function approach to study this issue based on the monthly data of US softwood products consumption and prices between Jan. 1989 and July 2001. The results show that the spruce-pine-fir lumber species group, mainly imported from Canada, is largely unrelated to domestically produced treated southern yellow pine, Douglas-fir, and other species groups, but is a substitute to untreated southern yellow pine and engineered wood products. Furthermore, untreated southern yellow pine is facing more severe competition from structural panels rather than from the imported Canadian spruce-pine-fir group. FOR. SCI. 50(4):416–426.

Monitoring Forest Carbon Sequestration with Remote Sensing and Carbon Cycle Modeling - David P. Turner; Michael Guzy; Michael A. Lefsky; William D. Ritts; Steve Van Tuyl; Beverly E. Law (Environmental Management, 2004)

Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Butyl 2-Ethylhexanoate by a Strain of Nocardia corynebacteroides - David P. Labeda; Michael A. Jackson; Tsung Min Kuo; Lawrence K. Nakamura (Current Microbiology, 2004)

Estimating Regional Variation in Cancer Survival: A Tool for Improving Cancer Care - Xue Q. Yu; Dianne L. O'Connell; Robert W. Gibberd; David P. Smith; Paul W. Dickman; Bruce K. Armstrong (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize decomposing leaves of Myrica parvifolia, M. pubescens and Paepalanthus sp. - Catalina Aristizábal; Emma Lucía Rivera; David P. Janos (Mycorrhiza, 2004)

Influence of Introduced CO2 on Deep-Sea Metazoan Meiofauna - Kevin R. Carman; David Thistle; John W. Fleeger; James P. Barry (Journal of Oceanography, 2004)

Effects of Roads on the Structure of Freshwater Turtle Populations - DAVID A. STEEN; JAMES P. GIBBS (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Road mortality has the potential to alter the structure of turtle populations because turtle populations are highly sensitive to additive sources of adult mortality. To address the issue, we captured painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ; n = 174) and snapping turtles ( Chelydra serpentina ; n = 56) in 18 wetlands surrounded by low road density (≤1.5 km roads/km 2 of landscape) and 17 wetlands surrounded by high road density (>1.5 km/km 2 ) in central New York in 2002. High road density was associated with male‐biased sex ratios in painted turtles (74% vs. 54% males; p = 0.01) and snapping turtles (95% vs. 74% males; p = 0.08), whereas turtle morphology and abundance were not associated with road density. Disproportionate road mortality of females on nesting migrations is the most likely cause of skewed sex ratios.

Phosphorus and intraspecific density alter plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas - Michelle S. Schroeder; David P. Janos (Plant and Soil, 2004)

Characterizing the interaction between the bogus yucca moth and yuccas: do bogus yucca moths impact yucca reproductive success? - David M. Althoff; Kari A. Segraves; Jed P. Sparks (Oecologia, 2004)

Intracommunity Coalitionary Killing of an Adult Male Chimpanzee at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 2004)

Effect of Extra-Pair Paternity on Effective Population Size in a Reintroduced Population of the Endangered Hihi, and Potential for Behavioural Management - Isabel Castro; Karen M. Mason; Doug P. Armstrong; David M. Lambert (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

Diel patterns of feeding and prey selection in giant kokopu ( Galaxias argenteus ) - Eric A. Hansen; Bruno O. David; Gerard P. Closs (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2004)
We examined diel variation in prey selection by giant kokopu, Galaxias argenteus , in relation to diel variation in the abundance of drifting invertebrates in a second order stream in Otago, New Zealand in summer. Clear differences in both the quantity and composition of prey consumed was evident. Greater numbers of aquatic insects were consumed at night relative to the day, whereas more terrestrial insects were consumed by day relative to the night. Giant kokopu were selective in the prey consumed. Trichoptera dominated giant kokopu diet at night even though drift samples collected at night were dominated by Deleatidium mayflies. Results suggest that giant kokopu feed actively during night and day in summer, and that prey selection is influenced by interactions between factors including prey availability, prey characteristics and light.

Biotic Impoverishment and Homogenization in Unfragmented Forest Understory Communities - THOMAS P. ROONEY; SHANNON M. WIEGMANN; DAVID A. ROGERS; D. M. WALLER (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Ecological change is often hard to document because of a lack of reliable baseline data. Several recent then‐versus‐now surveys of temperate forest and grassland communities demonstrate losses of local plant species, but most are based on data from a single site. We resurveyed understory communities in 62 upland forest stands in northern Wisconsin (U.S.A.) for which quantitative baseline data exist from 50 years ago. These stands are within a largely unfragmented region but vary in species composition and successional stage. We collected data on changes in (1) total and native species richness, (2) the ratio of exotic to native species, (3) the relative abundance of habitat generalists, and (4) community similarity among sites. We also compared how these rates of change varied over time. Over the past 50 years, native species density declined an average of 18.5% at the 20‐m 2 scale, whereas the ratio of exotic species to native species increased at 80% of all sites. Habitat generalists increased, and habitat specialists declined, accounting in part for an 8.7% rise in average similarity in species composition among sites. Most of these changes cannot be related to succession, habitat loss, or invasion by exotic species. Areas without deer hunting showed the greatest declines in native species density, with parks and research natural areas faring no better than unprotected stands. Animal‐pollinated and animal‐dispersed species also declined, particularly at unhunted sites. These results demonstrate the power of quantitative multistand data for assessing ecological change and identify overabundant deer as a key driver of community change. Because maintaining forest habitats alone fails to preserve plant diversity at local scales, local biotic simplification seems likely to continue in the region unless active efforts are taken to protect diversity.

Okadaic acid stimulates caspase-like activities and induces apoptosis of cultured rat mesangial cells - Narayanan Parameswaran; Wiliam S. Spielman; David P. Brooks; Ponnal Nambi (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2004)

Human BAC-mediated rescue of the Friedreich ataxia knockout mutation in transgenic mice - Joseph P. Sarsero; Lingli Li; Timothy P. Holloway; Lucille Voullaire; Sophie Gazeas; Kerry J. Fowler; Denise M. Kirby; David R. Thorburn; Adam Galle; Surindar Cheema; Michel Koenig; Robert Williamson; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2004)

Disaggregation of Microcystis aeruginosa colonies under turbulent mixing: laboratory experiments in a grid-stirred tank - Katherine R. O’Brien; David L. Meyer; Anya M. Waite; Gregory N. Ivey; David P. Hamilton (Hydrobiologia, 2004)

Novel microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms refine the tylosis with oesophageal cancer ( TOC ) minimal region on 17q25 to 42.5kb: sequencing does not identify the causative gene - Elisabeth J. Huckle; Lynn Rowbottom; Ian Dunham; Joanne E. Langan; Charlotte G. Cole; Joan M. Shaw; John K. Field; Irene M. Leigh; David P. Kelsell; Janet M. Risk; Fiona E. McRonald; Anthony Ellis; et al. (Human Genetics, 2004)

QTL controlling partial resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in winter wheat cultivar Alba - Edward Arseniuk; Pawel C. Czembor; Andrzej Czaplicki; Qijian Song; Perry B. Cregan; David L. Hoffman; Peter P. Ueng (Euphytica, 2004)

Efficacy of Grid and Zone Soil Sampling Approaches for Site-Specific Assessment of Phosphorus, Potassium, pH, and Organic Matter - Antonio P. Mallarino; David J. Wittry (Precision Agriculture, 2004)

Functional genomics of cell elongation in developing cotton fibers - A. Arpat; Mark Waugh; John P. Sullivan; Michael Gonzales; David Frisch; Dorrie Main; Todd Wood; Anna Leslie; Rod Wing; Thea Wilkins (Plant Molecular Biology, 2004)

The Design and Synthesis of a Novel, Orally Active, Selective ETA Antagonist - David J. Rawson; Kevin N. Dack; Roger P. Dickinson; Kim James; Clive Long; Don Walker (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2004)

The Fourth International Conference on Mycorrhizae from four perspectives - David P. Janos (Mycorrhiza, 2004)

Letters - Dennis R. Parent; David W. MacFarlane; George Hollister; A. P. Mustian Jr.; Tom Borden (Journal of Forestry, 2004)

Climate change, genotypic diversity and gene flow in reef‐building corals - David J. Ayre; Terence P. Hughes (Ecology Letters, 2004)
In the ocean, large‐scale dispersal and replenishment by larvae is a key process underlying biological changes associated with global warming. On tropical reefs, coral bleaching, degradation of habitat and declining adult stocks are also likely to change contemporary patterns of dispersal and gene flow and may lead to range contractions or expansions. On the Great Barrier Reef, where adjacent reefs form a highly interconnected system, we use allozyme surveys of c . 3000 coral colonies to show that populations are genetically diverse, and rates of gene flow for a suite of five species range from modest to high among reefs up to 1200 km apart. In contrast, 700 km further south on Lord Howe Island, genetic diversity is markedly lower and populations are genetically isolated. The virtual absence of long‐distance dispersal of corals to geographically isolated, oceanic reefs renders them extremely vulnerable to global warming, even where local threats are minimal.

Climatic Suitability, Life‐History Traits, Introduction Effort, and the Establishment and Spread of Introduced Mammals in Australia - DAVID M. FORSYTH; RICHARD P. DUNCAN; MARY BOMFORD; GEOFF MOORE (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Major progress in understanding biological invasions has recently been made by quantitatively comparing successful and unsuccessful invasions. We used such an approach to test hypotheses about the role of climatic suitability, life history, and historical factors in the establishment and subsequent spread of 40 species of mammal that have been introduced to mainland Australia. Relative to failed species, the 23 species that became established had a greater area of climatically suitable habitat available in Australia, had previously become established elsewhere, had a larger overseas range, and were introduced more times. These relationships held after phylogeny was controlled for, but successful species were also significantly more likely to be nonmigratory. A forward‐selection model included only two of the nine variables for which we had data for all species: climatic suitability and introduction effort. When the model was adjusted for phylogeny, those same two variables were included, along with previous establishment success. Of the established species, those with a larger geographic range size in Australia had a greater area of climatically suitable habitat, had traits associated with a faster population growth rate (small body size, shorter life span, lower weaning age, more offspring per year), were nonherbivorous, and had a larger overseas range size. When the model was adjusted for phylogeny, the importance of climatic suitability and the life‐history traits remained significant, but overseas range size was no longer important and species with greater introduction effort had a larger geographic range size. Two variables explained variation in geographic range size in a forward‐selection model: species with smaller body mass and greater longevity tended to have larger range sizes in Australia. These results mirror those from a recent analysis of exotic‐bird introductions into Australia, suggesting that, at least among vertebrate taxa, similar factors predict establishment and spread. Our approach and results are being used to assess the risks of exotic vertebrates becoming established and spreading in Australia.

Annual and seasonal habitat use of Columbian black-tailed deer in urban Vancouver, Washington - Louis C. Bender; David P. Anderson; Jeffrey C. Lewis (Urban Ecosystems, 2004)

Pines and oaks in the restoration of Mediterranean landscapes of Spain: New perspectives for an old practice — a review - Juli G. Pausas; Carme Bladé; Alejandro Valdecantos; José P. Seva; David Fuentes; José A. Alloza; Alberto Vilagrosa; Susana Bautista; Jordi Cortina; Ramon Vallejo (Plant Ecology, 2004)

Urotensin-II: a novel systemic hypertensive factor in the cat - Kristeen Maniscalco; Gerald P. Stankus; Alexandra Wibberley; Robert N. Willette; Stephen A. Douglas; David J. Behm; Christopher P. A. Doe; Douglas G. Johns (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2004)

Nucleotide and haplotypic diversity of the NOS2A promoter region and its relationship to cerebral malaria - David Burgner; Stanley Usen; Kirk Rockett; Muminatou Jallow; Hans Ackerman; Alessandra Cervino; Margaret Pinder; Dominic P. Kwiatkowski (Human Genetics, 2004)

Comparative Analysis of Morphological Traits Among Drosophila Melanogaster and D. Simulans: Genetic Variability, Clines and Phenotypic Plasticity - P. Gibert; P. Capy; A. Imasheva; B. Moreteau; J.P. Morin; G. Pétavy; J.R. David (Genetica, 2004)

Extensive allozyme monomorphism in a threatened species of freshwater mussel, Margaritifera hembeli Conrad (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae) - Jason P. Curole; David W. Foltz; Kenneth M. Brown (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

Inbreeding in a natural population of Euodynerus foraminatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), a solitary wasp with single‐locus complementary sex determination - Julie K. Stahlhut; David P. Cowan (Molecular Ecology, 2004)
The solitary wasp Euodynerus foraminatus has single‐locus complementary sex determination (sl‐CSD), which is normally incompatible with inbreeding because it increases the production of sterile or inviable diploid males. Previous field observations of E. foraminatus have suggested that high levels of sibling mating are present in this species. However, conclusions about inbreeding and its genetic consequences could be flawed if based solely upon behavioural observations. Through microsatellite DNA genotyping of 102 E. foraminatus females in southwest Michigan, we estimate that between 55% and 77% of the matings in this population take place between siblings, but the frequency of diploid males is lower than expected. Our data suggest that a mixture of inbreeding and outbreeding persists in E. foraminatus despite the presence of sl‐CSD.

Identification and enumeration of bacteria assimilating dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - Rex R. Malmstrom; Ronald P. Kiene; David L. Kirchman (Limnology and Oceanography, 2004)
The algal‐derived compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is the precursor of the climatically active gas dimethylsulfide, is potentially an important source of carbon and sulfur to marine bacterioplankton. Currently, bacteria of the Roseobacter clade, a subgroup of ά;‐proteobacteria, are hypothesized to be the key participants in the metabolism of DMSP. To test this hypothesis, we used a combination of microautoradiography and fluorescence in situ hybridization (Micro‐FISH) to identify the bacteria assimilating 35 S DMSP in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of Maine, and the Sargasso Sea. On average, half of the bacterial community assimilated DMSP in these environments. Members of the ά‐proteobacteria dominated DMSP assimilation, accounting for 35–40% of bacteria assimilating DMSP. Cytophaga ‐like bacteria andγ‐proteobacteria each accounted for 15–30% of DMSP‐assimilating cells. The ά‐proteobacteria accounted for a greater fraction of the DMSP‐assimilating community than expected based on their overall abundance, whereas Cytophaga ‐like bacteria were typically underrepresented in the DMSP‐assimilating community. Members of the Roseobacter clade assimilated more DMSP on a per‐cell basis than any other group, but they did not account for most of the DMSP assimilation, nor were they always present even when DMSP turnover was high. These results indicate that the biogeochemical flux of dissolved DMSP is mediated by a large and diverse group of heterotrophic bacteria.

Cannabinoids modulate ultrasound-induced aversive responses in rats - David P. Finn; Maulik D. Jhaveri; Simon R. G. Beckett; David A. Kendall; Charles A. Marsden; Victoria Chapman (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

The SLC16 gene family?from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond - Andrew P. Halestrap; David Meredith (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2004)

Chronology of Sediment Deposition in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Steven M. Colman; J. Platt Bradbury; John P. McGeehin; Charles W. Holmes; David Edginton; Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2004)

Late Pleistocene Vegetation and Climate in the Southern Cascade Range and the Modoc Plateau Region - Katharine J. Hakala; David P. Adam (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2004)

A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Milrinone in Pediatric Patients After Cardiac Surgery - James M. Bailey; Timothy M. Hoffman; David L. Wessel; David P. Nelson; Andrew M. Atz; Anthony C. Chang; Thomas J. Kulik; Thomas L. Spray; Akbar Akbary; Richard P. Miller; Gil Wernovsky (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2004)

Atmospheric Disturbances that Generate Intermittent Turbulence in Nocturnal Boundary Layers - Jielun Sun; Donald H. Lenschow; Sean P. Burns; Robert M. Banta; Rob K. Newsom; Richard Coulter; Stephen Frasier; Turker Ince; Carmen Nappo; Ben B. Balsley; Michael Jensen; Larry Mahrt; et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004)

Differential parental care behaviors of arboreal and terrestrial microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea - David P. Bickford (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2004)

Evaluating the Conservation Mission of Zoos, Aquariums, Botanical Gardens, and Natural History Museums - BRIAN MILLER; WILLIAM CONWAY; RICHARD P. READING; CHRIS WEMMER; DAVID WILDT; DEVRA KLEIMAN; STEVEN MONFORT; ALAN RABINOWITZ; BETH ARMSTRONG; MICHAEL HUTCHINS (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Collection‐based institutions—zoos, aquariums, museums, and botanical gardens—exhibit wildlife and thus have a special connection with nature. Many of these institutions emphasize a mission of conservation, and, undeniably, they do contribute directly to conservation education and conservation science. They present an exceptional opportunity for many urban residents to see the wonders of life, and they can contribute to education and habitat preservation. Because many collection‐based institutions now hold a stated mission of conservation, we suggest eight potential questions to evaluate actions toward that mission: (1) Does conservation thought define policy decisions? (2) Is there sufficient organizational funding for conservation activities? (3) Is there a functional conservation department? (4) Does the institution advocate for conservation? (5) Do conservation education programs effectively target children and adults? (6) Does the institution contribute directly to habitat protection locally and internationally? (7) Do exhibits explain and promote conservation efforts? and (8) Do internal policies and activities protect the environment? These questions are offered as a place to begin discussion. We hope they will help employees and administrators of a collection‐based institution (and citizens of the surrounding community) think about and support their institution's conservation activities. Public support and praise for institutions that are striving toward solutions for conservation problems and pressure on organizations that are moving more slowly toward a conservation orientation can help shift more resources toward saving nature.

Predicting Human‐Carnivore Conflict: a Spatial Model Derived from 25 Years of Data on Wolf Predation on Livestock - ADRIAN TREVES; LISA NAUGHTON‐TREVES; ELIZABETH K. HARPER; DAVID J. MLADENOFF; ROBERT A. ROSE; THEODORE A. SICKLEY; ADRIAN P. WYDEVEN (Conservation Biology, 2004)
Many carnivore populations escaped extinction during the twentieth century as a result of legal protections, habitat restoration, and changes in public attitudes. However, encounters between carnivores, livestock, and humans are increasing in some areas, raising concerns about the costs of carnivore conservation. We present a method to predict sites of human‐carnivore conflicts regionally, using as an example the mixed forest‐agriculture landscapes of Wisconsin and Minnesota (U.S.A.). We used a matched‐pair analysis of 17 landscape variables in a geographic information system to discriminate affected areas from unaffected areas at two spatial scales (townships and farms). Wolves ( Canis lupus ) selectively preyed on livestock in townships with high proportions of pasture and high densities of deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) combined with low proportions of crop lands, coniferous forest, herbaceous wetlands, and open water. These variables plus road density and farm size also appeared to predict risk for individual farms when we considered Minnesota alone. In Wisconsin only, farm size, crop lands, and road density were associated with the risk of wolf attack on livestock. At the level of townships, we generated two state‐wide maps to predict the extent and location of future predation on livestock. Our approach can be applied wherever spatial data are available on sites of conflict between wildlife and humans.

Diameter increment in mature eastern white pine Pinus strobus L. following partial harvest of old-growth stands in Ontario, Canada - William G. Cole; David Balsillie; Daniel P. Bebber; Sean C. Thomas (Trees, 2004)

Factors affecting polymorphism at microsatellite loci in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) Thell]: effects of mutation processes and physical distance from the centromere - A.-C. Thuillet; T. Bataillon; P. Sourdille; J. L. David (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004)

Evaluation of Hydrologically Relevant PCM Climate Variables and Large-Scale Variability over the Continental U.S. - Chunmei Zhu; David W. Pierce; Tim P. Barnett; Andrew W. Wood; Dennis P. Lettenmaier (Climatic Change, 2004)

The ACPI Project, Element 1: Initializing a Coupled Climate Model from Observed Conditions - David W. Pierce; Tim P. Barnett; Robin Tokmakian; Albert Semtner; Mathew Maltrud; JoAnne Lysne; Anthony Craig (Climatic Change, 2004)

The genus Biuterina Fuhrmann, 1902 (Cestoda, Paruterinidae) in the Old World: redescriptions of three species from Palaearctic Passeriformes - Boyko B. Georgiev; Gergana P. Vasileva; Rodney A. Bray; David I. Gibson (Systematic Parasitology, 2004)

“Boutique” Forestry: New Forest Practices in Urbanizing Landscapes - R. Bruce Hull; David P. Robertson; Gregory J. Buhyoff (Journal of Forestry, 2004)
The owners of small forests are potential clients for professional forestry services and important constituents who can affect the future of forests and forestry. Unfortunately, many owners of small forests are wary of foresters and many foresters are cautious about practicing forestry on small forests. Nonetheless, we find encouraging evidence that a growing number of forestry professionals are forging positive and profitable relationships with these landowners. Interviews with private forestry consultants, forestry organization leaders, and public foresters, as well as with the landowners themselves, reveal opportunities and constraints for working successfully with this new clientele. Among the findings: Boutique forest owners are willing to conduct forest management activities to improve their properties.

Impact of soil warming and shading on colonization and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of a native grassland community - Andreas Heinemeyer; Karyn P. Ridgway; Everard J. Edwards; David G. Benham; J. Peter W. Young; Alastair H. Fitter (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a major influence on the structure, responses and below‐ground C allocation of plant communities. Our lack of understanding of the response of AM fungi to factors such as light and temperature is an obstacle to accurate prediction of the impact of global climate change on ecosystem functioning. In order to investigate this response, we divided a grassland site into 24 plots, each either unshaded or partly shaded with soil either unheated or heated by 3°C at 2 cm depth. In both short‐term studies in spring and autumn, and in a 1‐year‐long study, we measured root length colonization (L R C) by AM and non‐AM fungi. For selected root samples, DNA sequences were amplified by PCR with fungal‐specific primers for part of the small sub‐unit (SSU) rRNA gene. In spring, the total L R C increased over 6 weeks from 12% to 25%. Shading significantly reduced AM but increased non‐AM fungal colonization, while soil warming had no effect. In the year‐long study, colonization by AM fungi peaked in summer, whereas non‐AM colonization peaked in autumn, when there was an additive effect of shading and soil warming that reduced AM but increased non‐AM fungi. Stepwise regression revealed that light received within the 7 days prior to sampling was the most significant factor in determining AM L R C and that mean temperature was the most important influence on non‐AM L R C. Loglinear analysis confirmed that there were no seasonal or treatment effects on the host plant community. Ten AM fungal sequence types were identified that clustered into two families of the Glomales, Glomaceae and Gigasporaceae. Three other sequence types were of non‐AM fungi, all Ascomycotina. AM sequence types showed seasonal variation and shading impacts: loglinear regression analysis revealed changes in the AM fungal community with time, and a reduction of one Glomus sp. under shade, which corresponded to a decrease in the abundance of Trifolium repens. We suggest that further research investigating any impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning must not only incorporate their natural AM fungal communities but should also focus on niche separation and community dynamics of AM fungi.

Analysis and comparison of the microbial community structures of two enrichment cultures capable of reductively dechlorinating TCE and cis ‐DCE - April Z. Gu; Brian P. Hedlund; James T. Staley; Stuart E. Strand; H. David Stensel (Environmental Microbiology, 2004)
Summary In order to study the effect of different chloroethenes (electron acceptors) on the bacterial composition of dechlorinating communities, two reductive dechlorinating enrichment cultures were developed that were able to reduce trichloroethene (TCE) and cis ‐1,2‐dichloroethene ( cis ‐DCE) to ethene using hydrogen as electron donor, respectively. The inoculum for the cultures was material from a methanogenic fluidized bed reactor (FBR), which was originally seeded with digester sludge and showed a stable capacity for tetrachloroethene (PCE) reduction to ethene for over six years. Molecular methods were used to determine and compare the microbial communities of these two enrichment cultures. A clone library of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was generated for each enrichment. The clones were screened into different groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using two different four base pair recognition restriction enzymes. A total of 12 sequence types were identified by phylogenetic analysis of nearly complete 16S rDNA sequences (∼1450 bp). The sequences were affiliated with six recognized phyla of the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes (low G+C Gram‐positives), Chloroflexi (green non‐sulphur bacteria), Actinobacteria (high G+C Gram‐positives), Bacteroidetes (Cytophaga‐Flexibacter‐Bacteroides), Nitrospira and Spirochaetes. The results led to the identification of an organism closely related to Dehalococcoides ethenogenes to be the presumptive dechlorinator in both enrichments. Different electron acceptors affected the bacterial diversity and the community profiles of the two enrichments. Most of the sequences identified in our dechlorinating enrichments shared high similarities with sequences previously obtained from other enriched dechlorinating cultures and chlorinated‐compound‐contaminated sediments or aquifers, suggesting these bacteria may have direct or indirect roles in reductive dechlorination.

Shotgun proteomic analysis of a chromatophore-enriched preparation from the purple phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris - Anthony P. Fejes; Eugene C. Yi; David R. Goodlett; J. Thomas Beatty (Photosynthesis Research, 2003)

The Genomic Revolution: What Does it Mean for Human and Ecological Risk Assessment? - Curtis C. Travis; William E. Bishop; David P. Clarke (Ecotoxicology, 2003)

The Path from Molecular Indicators of Exposure to Describing Dynamic Biological Systems in an Aquatic Organism: Microarrays and the Fathead Minnow - Ann L. Miracle; Gregory P. Toth; David L. Lattier (Ecotoxicology, 2003)

The predictive accuracy of population viability analysis: a test using data from two small mammal species in a fragmented landscape - Stephen J. Ball; David B. Lindenmayer; Hugh P. Possingham (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2003)

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on net ecosystem CO 2 exchange of a scrub–oak ecosystem - Graham J. Hymus; David P. Johnson; Sabina Dore; Hans P. Anderson; C. Ross Hinkle; Bert G. Drake (Global Change Biology, 2003)
We report the results of a 2‐year study of effects of the elevated (current ambient plus 350 μmol CO 2 mol −1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( C a ) on net ecosystem CO 2 exchange ( NEE ) of a scrub–oak ecosystem. The measurements were made in open‐top chambers (OTCs) modified to function as open gas‐exchange systems. The OTCs enclosed samples of the ecosystem (ca. 10 m 2 surface area) that had regenerated after a fire, 5 years before, in either current ambient or elevated C a . Throughout the study, elevated C a increased maximum NEE ( NEE max ) and the apparent quantum yield of the NEE ( φ NEE ) during the photoperiod. The magnitude of the stimulation of NEE max , expressed per unit ground area, was seasonal, rising from 50% in the winter to 180% in the summer. The key to this stimulation was effects of elevated C a , and their interaction with the seasonal changes in the environment, on ecosystem leaf area index, photosynthesis and respiration. The separation of these factors was difficult. When expressed per unit leaf area the stimulation of the NEE max ranged from 7% to 60%, with the increase being dependent on increasing soil water content ( W soil ). At night, the CO 2 effluxes from the ecosystem ( NEE night ) were on an average 39% higher in elevated C a . However, the increase varied between 6% and 64%, and had no clear seasonality. The partitioning of NEE night into its belowground ( R below ) and aboveground ( R above ) components was carried out in the winter only. A 35% and 27% stimulation of NEE night in December 1999 and 2000, respectively, was largely due to a 26% and 28% stimulation of R below in the respective periods, because R below constituted ca. 87% of NEE night . The 37% and 42% stimulation of R above in December 1999 and 2000, respectively, was less than the 65% and 80% stimulation of the aboveground biomass by elevated C a at these times. An increase in the relative amount of the aboveground biomass in woody tissue, combined with a decrease in the specific rate of stem respiration of the dominant species Quercus myrtifolia in elevated C a , was responsible for this effect. Throughout this study, elevated C a had a greater effect on carbon uptake than on carbon loss, in terms of both the absolute flux and relative stimulation. Consequently, for this scrub–oak ecosystem carbon sequestration was greater in the elevated C a during this 2‐year study period.

Expression of an Arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase homologue is localized to apical meristems, regulated by hormones, and induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes - Mitra Mazarei; Kristen A. Lennon; David P. Puthoff; Steven R. Rodermel; Thomas J. Baum (Plant Molecular Biology, 2003)

Uncontrolled manifold analysis of single trials during multi-finger force production by persons with and without Down syndrome - John P. Scholz; Ning Kang; David Patterson; Mark L. Latash (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Urinary tract infection in women?physician's preferences for treatment and adherence to guidelines: a national drug utilization study in a managed care setting - Ernesto Kahan; Natan R. Kahan; David P. Chinitz (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2003)

Taxonomic revision of Joyeuxilepis Spassky, 1947 (Cestoda: Amabiliidae): redescriptions of J. acanthorhyncha (Wedl, 1855) and J. fuhrmanni (Solomon, 1932), a key and a new generic diagnosis - Gergana P. Vasileva; David I. Gibson; Rodney A. Bray (Systematic Parasitology, 2003)

A molecular phylogeography approach to biological invasions of the New World by parthenogenetic Thiarid snails - B. Facon; J.‐P. Pointier; M. Glaubrecht; C. Poux; P. Jarne; P. David (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
The parthenogenetic snail Melanoides tuberculata , present in tropical fresh waters of most of the Old World before 1950, has now invaded the Neotropical area. The phylogeography of this snail was studied to evaluate the pathways and number of such invasions. Because of parthenogenetic reproduction, individuals are structured into genetical clones. Within populations from both the original and invaded areas, several morphologically distinct clones (referred to as morphs) often coexist but the amount of genetic divergence among morphs is unknown. Individuals from 27 morphs and 40 populations world‐wide were sequenced at two mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S). Our phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that (i) most of the morphological variation observed in the New World predates invasion, (ii) at least six independent introductions have occurred, and (iii) invasive clones are found throughout most of the phylogenetic tree and do not come from a particular region of the area of origin. Two ideas are discussed in the light of these results. The first lies with the specificities of parthenogenesis in an invasion context. While in sexual species, independently introduced populations eventually merge into a single invasive population, in a parthenogenetic species independently introduced clones have distinct invasion dynamics and possibly exclude each other. Second, although repeated invasions in Melanoides may have an impact on indigenous molluscan faunas, their most likely effect is the world‐wide homogenization of the invasive taxon itself.

Arsenate transport and reduction in the hyper‐tolerant fungus Aspergillus sp. P37 - David Cánovas; Rita Mukhopadhyay; Barry P. Rosen; Víctor De Lorenzo (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary Aspergillus sp. P37 is able to grow at arsenate concentrations of 0.2 M – more than 20‐fold higher than that withstood by reference microorganisms such Escherichia coli , Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans . This paper examines the transport of arsenate and phosphate and the reduction of arsenate in Aspergillus sp. P37. These properties were compared with the corresponding properties of the archetype strain Aspergillus nidulans TS1. Both uptake and efflux of arsenate were inhibited by carbonyl cyanide‐ p ‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, suggesting that the transport system(s) is(are) membrane‐potential dependent. As uptake of arsenate and phosphate are higher in Aspergillus sp. P37 than in A. nidulans , the increase in arsenate resistance cannot be accounted for by a change in uptake. Cells of both strains loaded with arsenic slowly released the oxyanion. Speciation of the arsenic in the medium showed an enhanced level of arsenate reduction in Aspergillus sp. P37. These data suggest that increased arsenate reduction is at least in part responsible for the hyper‐tolerant phenotype of this fungus.

Sampling strategy in molecular microbial ecology: influence of soil sample size on DNA fingerprinting analysis of fungal and bacterial communities - Lionel Ranjard; David P. H. Lejon; Christophe Mougel; Lucie Schehrer; Didier Merdinoglu; Rémi Chaussod (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary Assessing soil microbial community structure by the use of molecular techniques requires a satisfactory sampling strategy that takes into account the high microbial diversity and the heterogeneous distribution of microorganisms in the soil matrix. The influence of the sample size of three different soil types (sand, silt and clay soils) on the DNA yield and analysis of bacterial and fungal community structure were investigated. Six sample sizes from 0.125 g to 4 g were evaluated. The genetic community structure was assessed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A‐RISA fingerprint). Variations between bacterial (B‐ARISA) and fungal (F‐ARISA) community structure were quantified by using principal component analysis (PCA). DNA yields were positively correlated with the sample size for the sandy and silty soils, suggesting an influence of the sample size on DNA recovery, whereas no correlation was observed in the clay soil. B‐ARISA was shown to be consistent between the different sample sizes for each soil type indicating that the sampling procedure has no influence on the assessment of bacterial community structure. On the contrary for F‐ARISA profiles, strong variations were observed between replicates of the smaller samples (

Disturbances prevent stem size‐density distributions in natural forests from following scaling relationships - David A. Coomes; Richard P. Duncan; Robert B. Allen; James Truscott (Ecology Letters, 2003)
Enquist and Niklas propose that trees in natural forests have invariant size‐density distributions (SDDs) that scale as a −2 power of stem diameter, although early studies described such distributions using negative exponential functions. Using New Zealand and ‘global’ data sets, we demonstrate that neither type of function accurately describes the SDD over the entire diameter range. Instead, scaling functions provide the best fit to smaller stems, while negative exponential functions provide the best fit to larger stems. We argue that these patterns are consistent with competition shaping the small‐stem phase and exogenous disturbance shaping the large‐stem phase. Mortality rates, estimated from repeat measurements on 1546 New Zealand plots, fell precipitously with stem size until 18 cm but remained constant after that, consistent with our arguments. Even in the small‐stem phase, where SDDs were best described by scaling functions, the scaling exponents were not invariantly −2, but differed significantly from this value in both the ‘global’ and New Zealand data sets, and varied through time in the New Zealand data set.

Japanese versus USA clinical services for sleep medicine - Naoko TACHIBANA; Najib T AYAS; David P WHITE (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2003)

Immunization with a vaccine that combines the expression of MUC1 and B7 co-stimulatory molecules prolongs the survival of mice and delays the appearance of mouse mammary tumors - Vitaly Vasilevko; Anahit Ghochikyan; Nadya Sadzikava; Irina Petrushina; Mike Tran; Edward P. Cohen; Patrick J. Kesslak; David H. Cribbs; Garth L. Nicolson; Michael G. Agadjanyan (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2003)

ITS rDNA sequences of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) and P. lucyi Williams & Rogers, 1984 (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) - Iva Král'ová-Hromadová; David F. Tietz; Andrew P. Shinn; Marta Špakulová (Systematic Parasitology, 2003)

Lysophospholipids do not directly modulate Na+-H+ exchange - Danny P. Goel; David A. Ford; Grant N. Pierce (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

A mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by a α-tropomyosin mutation - Rethinasamy Prabhakar; Natalia Petrashevskaya; Arnold Schwartz; Bruce Aronow; Greg P. Boivin; Jeffery D. Molkentin; David F. Wieczorek (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Taxonomic revision of Joyeuxilepis Spassky, 1947 (Cestoda: Amabiliidae): redescriptions of J. biuncinata (Joyeux & Baer, 1943), J. decacantha (Fuhrmann, 1913) and J. pilatus Borgarenko & Gulyaev, 1991 - Gergana P. Vasileva; David I. Gibson; Rodney A. Bray (Systematic Parasitology, 2003)

Molecular approach to aquatic environmental bioreporting: differential response to environmental inducers of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the detritivorous subalpine planktonic Crustacea, Daphnia pulex - P. David; C. Dauphin‐Villemant; A. Mesneau; J. C. Meyran (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
In order to examine the usefulness of detoxifying genes as molecular markers in different chemical environments, isolation of cytochrome P450 genes (CYPs) belonging to the CYP4 family was performed in different samples from two subalpine populations of Daphnia pulex . The use of degenerate primers allowed us to isolate seven cDNAs. Four of them were assigned to the CYP4C subfamily, and were closely related to previously isolated crustacean CYP4s while the others were assigned to new CYP4AN and CYP4AP subfamilies. Expression studies, using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Southern blot hybridization with specific probes revealed differences in CYP4C32 and CYP4AP1 expressions between the two populations, which differ in the polyphenol richness of the vegetation surrounding their aquatic habitat. Further exposure to toxic dietary polyphenols showed different CYP induction patterns. Taken together, these preliminary results suggest a possible involvement of CYP4s in the ecological differentiation of subalpine D. pulex populations related to the polyphenol richness of the environmental vegetation. CYP4s may thus be considered as possible molecular markers in aquatic environmental bioreporting.

Direct selection on allozymes is not required to explain heterogeneity among marker loci across a Mytilus hybrid zone - N. Bierne; C. Daguin; F. Bonhomme; P. David; P. Borsa (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
Unequal differentiation between two types of loci (allozyme and DNA markers) across a Mytilus hybrid zone has recently been claimed as evidence for direct selection on some allozyme loci. We provide here a counter‐example: a noncoding DNA locus that exhibits as much differentiation as the incriminated allozymes do. The levels of genetic differentiation varied widely among both allozymes and noncoding DNA markers and no clear difference emerged between the two types of markers. This suggests that the strong interlocus variance in genetic differentiation has been confounded with a discrepancy between marker types as a result of an insufficient and unbalanced locus sampling. Heterogeneity in differentiation among neutral loci can be created by stochastic variance during the allopatric divergence preceding a secondary contact. In hybrid zones, a further source of variance is differential introgression among chromosomal regions after the secondary contact owing to the local influence of selected genes on more or less distant markers. However, the degree of differentiation alone gives no way to distinguish indirect pseudo‐selection (a regular and ubiquitous feature of hybrid zones) from direct selection. More generally, we suggest that comparative neutrality tests based on discrepancies among marker types have to be applied with caution when the presence of semi–permeable genetic barriers to gene exchange is suspected.

Morphological diversity and potential interest for wheat improvement of three Aegilops L. species from Bulgaria - M. Zaharieva; A. Dimov; P. Stankova; J. David; P. Monneveux (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2003)

Effect of sampling strategy on measures of V?O2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems - David W. Hill; Lindsay P. Stephens; Sonja A. Blumoff-Ross; David C. Poole; Jimmy C. Smith (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003)

Congruent Avian Phylogenies Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences - Jaime Garca-Moreno; Michael D. Sorenson; David P. Mindell (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2003)

The Cys-Xaa-His metal-binding motif: N versus S coordination and nickel-mediated formation of cysteinyl sulfinic acid - J. David Van Horn; Grzegorz Bulaj; David P. Goldenberg; Cynthia J. Burrows (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

The role of environment in shaping the genetic diversity of the subalpine mosquito, Aedes rusticus (Diptera, Culicidae) - J. P. David; K. Huber; A. B. Failloux; D. Rey; J. C. Meyran (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
The relative involvement of larval dietary tolerance to the leaf‐litter toxic polyphenols in shaping population genetic structure of the subalpine mosquito Aedes rusticus was examined. This was compared with other parameters such as geographical range, type of vegetation surrounding the breeding site, and occurrence of annual larvicidal treatments. Population genetic structure was analysed at 10 presumed neutral polymorphic isoenzyme loci. Toxicological comparisons involved standard bioassays performed on larvae fed on toxic decomposed leaf litter. Significant overall genetic differentiation was observed among the 22 studied populations and within the five defined geographical groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed an absence of relation between genetic and environmental parameters, genetic variance being essentially found within populations. This suggested that the larval dietary tolerance to the toxic leaf litter and the other studied parameters poorly influence population genetic structure. The local adaptation of subalpine mosquito populations to the surrounding vegetation thus appears as a labile trait. Such a dynamic adaptation is also suggested by the correlation between geographical and toxicological distances and the correlation between dietary tolerance to the leaf‐litter toxic polyphenols and annual larvicidal treatments.

Neuroscience data and tool sharing - Peter Eckersley; Gary F. Egan; Erik De Schutter; Tang Yiyuan; Mirko Novak; Vaclav Sebesta; Line Matthiessen; Irio P. Jaaskelainen; Ulla Ruotsalainen; Andreas V. M. Herz; Klaus-Peter Hoffmann; Raphael Ritz; et al. (Neuroinformatics, 2003)

Studies on high-temperature amination reactions of aromatic chlorides using discrete Palladium-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) complexes and in situ palladium/imidazolium salt protocols - Andrew J. McCarroll; David A. Sandham; Lisa R. Titcomb; Alexandra K. de K. Lewis; F. Geoffrey N. Cloke; Brian P. Davies; Alejandro Perez de Santana; Wolfgang Hiller; Stephen Caddick (Molecular Diversity, 2003)

Taxonomic revision of Tatria Kowalewski, 1904 (Cestoda: Amabiliidae): redescriptions of T. appendiculata Fuhrmann, 1908 and T. duodecacantha Olsen, 1939, a key and an amended diagnosis of Tatria (sensu stricto) - Gergana P. Vasileva; David I. Gibson; Rodney A. Bray (Systematic Parasitology, 2003)

Extra-pair paternity in the facultatively polygynous spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor - Pedro J. Cordero; Jos P. Veiga; Juan Moreno; David T. Parkin (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003)

Trabecular Shear Stresses Predict In Vivo Linear Microcrack Density but not Diffuse Damage in Human Vertebral Cancellous Bone - Yener N. Yeni; Fu J. Hou; Traci Ciarelli; Deepak Vashishth; David P. Fyhrie (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2003)

Evaluation of Bowhead Whale Status: Reply to Taylor - Kim E. W. Shelden; David J. Rugh; Douglas P. DeMaster; Leah R. Gerber (Conservation Biology, 2003)

Reduced hybrid cluster proteins (HCP) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough): X-ray structures at high resolution using synchrotron radiation - David Aragão; Sofia Macedo; Edward P. Mitchell; Célia V. Romão; Ming Y. Liu; Carlos Frazão; Lígia M. Saraiva; António V. Xavier; Jean LeGall; Walter M. A. M. van Dongen; Wilfred R. Hagen; Miguel Teixeira; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Water requirements of subsurface drip-irrigated faba bean in California - David R. Bryla; Gary S. Bañuelos; Jeff P. Mitchell (Irrigation Science, 2003)

Neural activity in prefrontal cortex during copying geometrical shapes - Bruno B. Averbeck; David A. Crowe; Matthew V. Chafee; Apostolos P. Georgopoulos (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Neural activity in prefrontal cortex during copying geometrical shapes - Bruno B. Averbeck; Matthew V. Chafee; David A. Crowe; Apostolos P. Georgopoulos (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Evaporation determined by the energy‐budget method for Mirror Lake, New Hampshire - Thomas C. Winter; Donald C. Buso; Donald O. Rosenberry; Gene E. Likens; Alex Jr. M. Sturrock; David P. Mau (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Evaporation was determined by the energy‐budget method for Mirror Lake during the open water periods of 1982–1987. For all years, evaporation rates were low in spring and fall and highest during the summer. However,the times of highest evaporation rates varied during the 6 yr. Evaporation reached maximum rates in July for three of the years, in June for two of the years, and in August for one of the years. The highest evaporation rate during the 6‐yr study was 0.46 cm d −1 during 27 May–4 June 1986 and 15–21 July 1987. Solar radiation and atmospheric radiation input to the lake and long‐wave radiation emitted from the lake were by far the largest energy fluxes to and from the lake and had the greatest effect on evaporation rates. Energy advected to and from the lake by precipitation, surface water, and ground water had little effect on evaporation rates. In the energy‐budget method, average evaporation rates are determined for energy‐budget periods, which are bounded by the dates of thermal surveys of the lake. Our study compared evaporation rates calculated for short periods, usually ~1 week, with evaporation rates calculated for longer periods, usually ~2 weeks. The results indicated that the shorter periods showed more variability in evaporation rates, but seasonal patterns, with few exceptions, were similar.

Simple mixing criteria for the growth of negatively buoyant phytoplankton - Katherine R. O'Brien; Gregory N. Ivey; David P. Hamilton; Anya M. Waite; Petra M. Visser (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Phytoplankton population dynamics are controlled by the relative rather than absolute timescales of mixing, growth, and loss processes such as sedimentation, grazing, and so on. Here, the vertical distribution and biomass of phytoplankton populations are quantified by two timescale ratios: the Peclet number Pe—the ratio of mixing and sedimentation timescales—and the growth number G—the ratio of sedimentation and net growth timescales. Three mixing regimes are defined for phytoplankton and other particles. For Pe ≥ 100, the population is translated linearly down the water column over time and will leave the surface mixing layer completely after sedimentation timeτt s . For 0.1 c =— s /(G —1). This analysis is valid for negatively buoyant phytoplankton, except when mixing time is much longer than growth time and Pe≤ 0.1, which can occur for very slow sinking species. These regimes can be used for assessing the effect of changes in the mixing, growth, or sedimentation conditions on population dynamics. Published data from a lake and diurnally stratified river weir pool are used here to verify a minimum thermocline depth hypothesis proposed by others. Mixing and growth regimes are used to calculate minimum mixing depth h min and to determine phytoplankton sinking rates from published sediment trap data.

Photolysis and the dimethylsulfide (DMS) summer paradox in the Sargasso Sea - Dierdre A. Toole; David J. Kieber; Ronald P. Kiene; David A. Siegel; Norman B. Nelson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Apparent quantum yields and rates of dimethylsulfide (DMS) photolysis were determined from Sargasso Sea seawater with the goal of assessing the extent to which photoreactions affect the unusually elevated upper ocean concentrations of DMS during the summer, the so‐called DMS summer paradox. Apparent quantum yields determined with monochromatic radiation decrease exponentially with increasing wavelength and indicate that DMS photolysis is driven by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The relative spectral partitioning differs between samples collected from the surface mixed layer (15 m) and from the chlorophyll a maximum (80 m), presumably because of differences in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) quality (e.g., apparent degree of bleaching). Quantum yields are also temperature dependent, and an approximate doubling of photolysis rates occurs for a 20°C increase in temperature. The significance of DMS photolysis to upper ocean sulfur budgets is explored using a multiyear (1992–1994) DMS time series, concurrent irradiance determinations and temperature profiles, and estimates of CDOM absorption. Depth‐integrated, mixed‐layer DMS photolysis rates peak in the summer (15–25 µmol m −2 d −1 ) and decline to ,1 µmol m −2 d −1 in the winter. These rates correspond to specific turnover rates of ~0.29 d −1 in the summer and > 0.02 d −1 in the winter. Seasonal changes in solar radiation, temperature, and DMS concentrations drive the 30‐fold differences in photolysis rates, overshadowing differences caused by photosensitizer (CDOM) quantity or quality (21–35%). These results demonstrate that although photolysis is not the primary driver of the summer paradox, it makes an important contribution to the time‐depth pattern of DMS concentrations observed in the Sargasso Sea.

Book Review: All Apes Great and Small. Volume One: African Apes. Edited by Birut M. F. Galdikas, Nancy Erickson Briggs, Lori K. Sheeran, Gary L. Shapiro, and Jane Goodall, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, xviii + 298 pp., US$75.00 (hardback) - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 2003)

Nucleotide and haplotypic diversity of the NOS2A promoter region and its relationship to cerebral malaria - David Burgner; Stanley Usen; Kirk Rockett; Muminatou Jallow; Hans Ackerman; Alessandra Cervino; Margaret Pinder; Dominic P. Kwiatkowski (Human Genetics, 2003)

The Creation of an Historical Meteorological Database for Environmental Dose Assessment - Allen H. Weber; Robert L. Buckley; Matthew J. Parker; Richard P. Harvey; David M. Hamby (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Arterial Wall Adaptation under Elevated Longitudinal Stretch in Organ Culture - Hai-Chao Han; David N. Ku; Raymond P. Vito (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2003)

Related assemblages of sulphate‐reducing bacteria associated with ultradeep gold mines of South Africa and deep basalt aquifers of Washington State - Brett J. Baker; Duane P. Moser; Barbara J. MacGregor; Susan Fishbain; Michael Wagner; Norman K. Fry; Brad Jackson; Nico Speolstra; Steffen Loos; Ken Takai; Barbara Sherwood Lollar; Jim Fredrickson; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2003)
Summary We characterized the diversity of sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) associated with South African gold mine boreholes and deep aquifer systems in Washington State, USA. Sterile cartridges filled with crushed country rock were installed on two hydrologically isolated and chemically distinct sites at depths of 3.2 and 2.7 km below the land surface (kmbls) to allow development of biofilms. Enrichments of sulphate‐reducing chemolithotrophic (H 2 ) and organotrophic (lactate) bacteria were established from each site under both meso‐ and thermophilic conditions. Dissimilatory sulphite reductase (Dsr) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes amplified from DNA extracted from the cartridges were most closely related to the Gram‐positive species Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans and Desulfotomaculum geothermicum , or affiliated with a novel deeply branching clade. The dsr sequences recovered from the Washington State deep aquifer systems affiliated closely with the South African sequences, suggesting that Gram‐positive sulphate‐reducing bacteria are widely distributed in the deep subsurface.

Chromosomal regions controlling resistance to gastro-intestinal nematode infections in mice - Fuad A. Iraqi; Jerzy M. Behnke; David M. Menge; Anna Lowe; Alan J. Teale; John P. Gibson; Leyden R. Baker; Derek Wakelin (Mammalian Genome, 2003)

Metals, trace elements, and organochlorine compounds in bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas, U.S.A. - Kyle E. Juracek; David P. Mau (Hydrobiologia, 2003)

Application of adaptive cluster sampling to low-density populations of freshwater mussels - David R. Smith; Rita F. Villella; David P. Lemarié (Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2003)

Taxonomic revision of Tatria Kowalewski, 1904 (Cestoda: Amabiliidae): redescriptions of T. biremis Kowalewski, 1904 and T. minor Kowalewski, 1904, and the description of T. gulyaevi n. sp. from Palaearctic grebes - Gergana P. Vasileva; David I. Gibson; Rodney A. Bray (Systematic Parasitology, 2003)

Cryopreservation of hepatocytes: a review of current methods for banking - Tom D.R. Lloyd; Samantha Orr; Paul Skett; David P. Berry; Ashley R. Dennison (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2003)

Effects of turbidity on the ability of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , to feed on limnetic and benthic prey in laboratory tanks - David K. Rowe; Tracie L. Dean; Erica Williams; Joshua P. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2003)
The feeding rate of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson, 1836, on small (1–2 mm diam.) Daphnia spp. in laboratory tanks was not reduced by turbidity levels up to 160 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). Furthermore, the high feeding rates on larger, benthic prey (viz. Deleatidium spp. and chironomid larvae) in clear water (0 NTU) were maintained at turbidities up to 160 NTU. Therefore, any impairment of vision by increased turbidity did not affect the ability of trout to feed on these prey, and non‐visual senses may be used for the capture of such prey in turbid waters. Although trout were strongly size‐selective for both large chironomid and Deleatidium larvae in clear water, turbidities over 20 and 160 NTU, respectively, reduced size‐selection. Vision is therefore needed by trout to select larger prey. However, chironomid larvae were consumed by trout in the complete absence of light, so their ability to capture these prey in tanks was not dependent on visual cues. It is apparent that trout do use other senses such as the lateral line system to detect and capture such prey when turbidity levels are high and when light levels or water clarity are low. This ability is expected to offset any reduction in visual feeding caused by increased turbidity, and it helps explain the increased emphasis on epibenthic feeding by trout in turbid waters.

A cross‐biome comparison of daily light use efficiency for gross primary production - DAVID P. TURNER; SHAWN URBANSKI; DALE BREMER; STEVEN C. WOFSY; TILDEN MEYERS; STITH T. GOWER; MATTHEW GREGORY (Global Change Biology, 2003)
Vegetation light use efficiency is a key physiological parameter at the canopy scale, and at the daily time step is a component of remote sensing algorithms for scaling gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) over regional to global domains. For the purposes of calibrating and validating the light use efficiency ( ε g ) algorithms, the components of ε g – absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and ecosystem GPP – must be measured in a variety of environments. Micrometeorological and mass flux measurements at eddy covariance flux towers can be used to estimate APAR and GPP, and the emerging network of flux tower sites offers the opportunity to investigate spatial and temporal patterns in ε g at the daily time step. In this study, we examined the relationship of daily GPP to APAR, and relationships of ε g to climatic variables, at four micrometeorological flux tower sites – an agricultural field, a tallgrass prairie, a deciduous forest, and a boreal forest. The relationship of GPP to APAR was close to linear at the tallgrass prairie site but more nearly hyperbolic at the other sites. The sites differed in the mean and range of daily ε g , with higher values associated with the agricultural field than the boreal forest. ε g decreased with increasing APAR at all sites, a function of mid‐day saturation of GPP and higher ε g under overcast conditions. ε g was generally not well correlated with vapor pressure deficit or maximum daily temperature. At the agricultural site, a ε g decline towards the end of the growing season was associated with a decrease in foliar nitrogen concentration. At the tallgrass prairie site, a decline in ε g in August was associated with soil drought. These results support inclusion of parameters for cloudiness and the phenological status of the vegetation, as well as use of biome‐specific parameterization, in operational ε g algorithms.

Microcalorimetric Measurement of the Interactions Between Water Vapor and Amorphous Pharmaceutical Solids - David Lechuga-Ballesteros; Aziz Bakri; Danforth P. Miller (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

A new biomineral identified in the cores of teeth from the chiton Plaxiphora albida - Alasdair P. Lee; Lesley R. Brooker; David J. Macey; John Webb; Wilhelm van Bronswijk (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Effects of Dietary PCB Exposure on Adrenocortical Function in Captive American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) - Oliver P. Love; Laird J. Shutt; Joel S. Silfies; Gary R. Bortolotti; Judit E.G. Smits; David M. Bird (Ecotoxicology, 2003)

Female brown-headed cowbirds' (Molothrus ater) social assortment changes in response to male song: a potential source of public information - Julie Gros-Louis; David J. White; Andrew P. King; Meredith J. West (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2003)

Introgression patterns in the mosaic hybrid zone between Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis - N. Bierne; P. Borsa; C. Daguin; D. Jollivet; F. Viard; F. Bonhomme; P. David (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
Hybrid zones are fascinating systems to investigate the structure of genetic barriers. Marine hybrid zones deserve more investigation because of the generally high dispersion potential of planktonic larvae which allows migration on scales unrivalled by terrestrial species. Here we analyse the genetic structure of the mosaic hybrid zone between the marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis , using three length‐polymorphic PCR loci as neutral and diagnostic markers on 32 samples along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Instead of a single genetic gradient from M. galloprovincialis on the Iberian Peninsula to M. edulis populations in the North Sea, three successive transitions were observed in France. From South to North, the frequency of alleles typical of M. galloprovincialis first decreases in the southern Bay of Biscay, remains low in Charente, then increases in South Brittany, remains high in most of Brittany, and finally decreases again in South Normandy. The two enclosed patches observed in the midst of the mosaic hybrid zone in Charente and Brittany, although predominantly M. edulis ‐like and M. galloprovincialis ‐like, respectively, are genetically original in two respects. First, considering only the various alleles typical of one species, the patches show differentiated frequencies compared to the reference external populations. Second, each patch is partly introgressed by alleles of the other species. When introgression is taken into account, linkage disequilibria appear close to their maximum possible values, indicating a strong genetic barrier within all transition zones. Some pre‐ or postzygotic isolation mechanisms (habitat specialization, spawning asynchrony, assortative fertilization and hybrid depression) have been documented in previous studies, although their relative importance remains to be evaluated. We also provided evidence for a recent migratory ‘short‐cut’ connecting M. edulis ‐like populations of the Charente patch to an external M. edulis population in Normandy and thought to reflect artificial transfer of spat for aquaculture.

Estimating colony area and population size of little auks Alle alle at Northumberland Island using aerial images - Carsten Egevang; David Boertmann; Anders Mosbech; Mikkel P. Tamstorf (Polar Biology, 2003)

Cloning and bacterial expression of postnatal mouse heart FGF-16 - David P. Sontag; Peter A. Cattini (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Cross validation of open‐top chamber and eddy covariance measurements of ecosystem CO 2 exchange in a Florida scrub‐oak ecosystem - Sabina Dore; Graham J. Hymus; David P. Johnson; C. R. Hinkle; Riccardo Valentini; Bert G. Drake (Global Change Biology, 2003)
Simultaneous measurements of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) were made in a Florida scrub‐oak ecosystem in August 1997 and then every month between April 2000 to July 2001, using open top chambers (NEE O ) and eddy covariance (NEE E ). This study provided a cross validation of these two different techniques for measuring NEE. Unique characteristics of the comparison were that the measurements were made simultaneously, in the same stand, with large replicated chambers enclosing a representative portion of the ecosystem (75 m 2 , compared to approximately 1–2 ha measured by the eddy covariance system). The value of the comparison was greatest at night, when the microclimate was minimally affected by the chambers. For six of the 12 measurement periods, night NEE O was not significantly different to night NEE E , and for the other periods the maximum difference was 1.1 µ mol m − 2 s − 1 , with an average of 0.72 ± 0.09 µ mol m − 2 s − 1 . The comparison was more difficult during the photoperiod, because of differences between the microclimate inside and outside the chambers. During the photoperiod, air temperature (T air ) and air vapour pressure deficits (VPD) became progressively higher inside the chambers until mid‐afternoon. In the morning NEE O was higher than NEE E by about 26%, consistent with increased temperature inside the chambers. Over the mid‐day period and the afternoon, NEE O was 8% higher that NEE E , regardless of the large differences in microclimate. This study demonstrates both the uses and difficulties associated with attempting to cross validate NEE measurements made in chambers and using eddy covariance. The exercise was most useful at night when the chamber had a minimal effect on microclimate, and when the measurement of NEE is most difficult.

DDC and COBL, flanking the imprinted GRB10 gene on 7p12, are biallelically expressed - Megan P. Hitchins; Louise Bentley; David Monk; Colin Beechey; Jo Peters; Gavin Kelsey; Fumitoshi Ishino; Michael A. Preece; Philip Stanier; Gudrun E. Moore (Mammalian Genome, 2002)

Observations on the Workshop as a Means of Improving Communication Between Holders of Traditional and Scientific Knowledge - HENRY P. HUNTINGTON; PATRICIA K. BROWN-SCHWALENBERG; KATHRYN J. FROST; MARIA E. FERNANDEZ-GIMENEZ; DAVID W. NORTON; DANIEL H. ROSENBERG (Environmental Management, 2002)

Bruchins, Plant Mitogens from Weevils: Structural Requirements for Activity - James E. Oliver; Robert P. Doss; Brian Marquez; E. David Devilbiss (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002)

Influence of Pre-, Intra- and Post-Operative Parameters of Donor Liver on the Outcome of Isolated Human Hepatocytes - E. Alexandre; M. Cahn; C. Abadie-Viollon; N. Meyer; B. Heyd; G. Mantion; J. Cinqualbre; P. David; D. Jaeck; L. Richert (Cell and Tissue Banking, 2002)

Distribution of fish in tributaries of the lower Taieri/Waipori rivers, South Island, New Zealand - Bruno O. David; Gerard P. Closs; Chris J. Arbuckle (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2002)
The distribution of fish within eight small streams feeding into the lower Taieri and Waipori Rivers on the east coast of New Zealand's South Island was examined. A total of eight native and two introduced species were recorded. Eels ( Anguilla spp.) and giant kokopu ( Galaxias argenteus Gmelin) were the most widely distributed species being located in all streams surveyed. Common bullies ( Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta Linnaeus) were also widely distributed being detected in seven and six of the streams respectively. Three streams of potential conservation significance were identified. These were Picnic Gully Creek which contained a significant population of banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus Gray), a Category C threatened species, and Cullens and Alex Creeks which contained significant populations of giant kokopu, a Category B threatened species. The population of giant kokopu in Cullens and Alex Creeks currently represents the largest known population of this species on the east coast of New Zealand (excluding Southland). It has been suggested that brown trout may influence the distribution of native galaxiids. The longitudinal distribution of giant kokopu and brown trout in streams was examined at night using a continuous spotlight sampling approach. Distributions of these two species rarely overlapped at a local scale. Coarse habitat use data indicated that brown trout regularly occupied a variety of habitat types including modified agricultural channels. In contrast, giant kokopu rarely used agricultural channels being predominantly located in pool habitats.

Ontogenetic shift in nocturnal microhabitat selection by giant kokopu in a New Zealand stream - A. L. Whitehead; B. O. David; G. P. Closs (Journal of Fish Biology, 2002)
Nocturnal microhabitat selection in relation to size was examined for a New Zealand drift‐feeding freshwater fish, the giant kokopu Galaxias argenteus in three coastal Otago streams. Evidence for ontogenetic shifts in microhabitat selection were observed, particularly with respect to water velocity and depth. Small (

Understanding Broadscale Wildfire Risks in a Human-Dominated Landscape - Jeffrey P. Prestemon; John M. Pye; David T. Butry; Thomas P. Holmes; D. Evan Mercer (Forest Science, 2002)
Broadscale statistical evaluations of wildfire incidence can answer policy-relevant questions about the effectiveness of microlevel vegetation management and can identify subjects needing further study. A dynamic time series cross-sectional model was used to evaluate the statistical links between forest wildfire and vegetation management, human land use, and climatic factors in Florida counties. Four forest wildfire risk functions were estimated: one for fires regardless of ignition source, and three others for fires of specific ignition sources: arson, lightning, and accident (unintentional anthropogenic). Results suggest that current wildfire risk is negatively related to several years of past wildfire and very recent site prep burning, and risk is positively related to pulpwood removals. The effect of traditional prescribed burning on wildfire risk varies by ignition source. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were also significantly linked to forest wildfire risk, but a measure of the wildland-urban interface was not significant. Although these county-level results hold promise for aggregate risk assessment, modeling at finer spatial and temporal scales might further enhance our understanding of how land managers can best reduce the longer term risk of catastrophic wildfire damages. For. Sci. 48(4):685–693.

Biodiversity hotspots, centres of endemicity, and the conservation of coral reefs - Terry P. Hughes; David R. Bellwood; Sean R. Connolly (Ecology Letters, 2002)
On land, biodiversity hotspots typically arise from concentrations of small‐range endemics. For Indo‐Pacific corals and reef fishes, however, centres of high species richness and centres of high endemicity are not concordant. Moreover ranges are not, on average, smaller inside the Central Indo‐Pacific (CI‐P) biodiversity hotspot. The disparity between richness and endemicity arises because corals and reef fishes have strongly skewed range distributions, with many species being very widespread. Consequently, the largest ranges overlap to generate peaks in species richness near the equator and the CI‐P biodiversity hotspot, with only minor contributions from endemics. Furthermore, we find no relationship between the number of coral vs. fish endemics at locations throughout the Indo‐Pacific, even though total richness of the two groups is strongly correlated. The spatial separation of centres of endemicity and biodiversity hotspots in these taxa calls for a two‐pronged management strategy to address conservation needs.

Separate and combined effects of marijuana and alcohol on mood, equilibrium and simulated driving - Anthony Liguori; Catherine P. Gatto; David B. Jarrett (Psychopharmacology, 2002)

New cases of inter-community infanticide by Male Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda - David P. Watts; Hogan M. Sherrow; John C. Mitani (Primates, 2002)

Comparison of Human Duodenum and Caco-2 Gene Expression Profiles for 12,000 Gene Sequences Tags and Correlation with Permeability of 26 Drugs - Duxin Sun; Hans Lennernas; Lynda S. Welage; Jeffery L. Barnett; Christopher P. Landowski; David Foster; David Fleisher; Kyung-Dall Lee; Gordon L. Amidon (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Reproductive effort in invasive and non-invasive Rubus - Susan C. McDowell; David P. Turner (Oecologia, 2002)

Book Review: Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us About Human Social Evolution. Edited by Frans B. M. de Waal, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 2001, 311 pp., $29.95 (hardback) - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 2002)

Mercury Deposition in Snow near an Industrial Emission Source in the Western U.S. and Comparison to ISC3 Model Predictions - Michael L. Abbott; David D. Susong; David P. Krabbenhoft; Arthur S. Rood (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2002)

Apoplastic Carbohydrates do not Account for Differences in Freezing Tolerance of Two Winter-Oat Cultivars that have been Second Phase Cold-Hardened - David P. Livingston; Ramaswamy Premakumar (Cereal Research Communications, 2002)

Quantification of Wall Shear Stress in Large Blood Vessels Using Lagrangian Interpolation Functions with Cine Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Christopher P. Cheng; David Parker; Charles A. Taylor (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Rotator Cuff Tendinosis in an Animal Model: Role of Extrinsic and Overuse Factors - Louis J. Soslowsky; Stavros Thomopoulos; Adil Esmail; Colleen L. Flanagan; Joseph P. Iannotti; J. David Williamson, III; James E. Carpenter (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

A study of the antiresorptive activity of salmon calcitonin microspheres using cultured osteoclastic cells - Bhas A. Dani; Adrian T. Raiche; David A. Puleo; Patrick P. DeLuca (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2002)

Nesting distributions of Galápagos boobies (Aves: Sulidae): an apparent case of amensalism - Howard M. Townsend; Kathryn P. Huyvaert; Peter J. Hodum; David J. Anderson (Oecologia, 2002)

Physical and chemical limnology of 34 ultra-oligotrophic lakes and ponds near Wynniatt Bay, Victoria Island, Arctic Canada - Neal Michelutti; Marianne S.V. Douglas; David R.S. Lean; John P. Smol (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Functional characterization of the new human GABAA receptor mutation β3(R192H) - Andreas Buhr; Matt T. Bianchi; Roland Baur; Philippe Courtet; Virginie Pignay; Jean P. Boulenger; Sabina Gallati; David J. Hinkle; Robert L. Macdonald; Erwin Sigel (Human Genetics, 2002)

A meta‐analysis of elevated [CO 2 ] effects on soybean ( Glycine max ) physiology, growth and yield - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth; Phillip A. Davey; Carl J. Bernacchi; Orla C. Dermody; Emily A. Heaton; David J. Moore; Patrick B. Morgan; Shawna L. Naidu; Hyung‐shim Yoo Ra; Xin‐guang Zhu; Peter S. Curtis; Stephen P. Long (Global Change Biology, 2002)
The effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on 25 variables describing soybean physiology, growth and yield are reviewed using meta‐analytic techniques. This is the first meta‐analysis to our knowledge performed on a single crop species and summarizes the effects of 111 studies. These primary studies include numerous soybean growth forms, various stress and experimental treatments, and a range of elevated [CO 2 ] levels (from 450 to 1250 p.p.m.), with a mean of 689 p.p.m. across all studies. Stimulation of soybean leaf CO 2 assimilation rate with growth at elevated [CO 2 ] was 39%, despite a 40% decrease in stomatal conductance and a 11% decrease in Rubisco activity. Increased leaf CO 2 uptake combined with an 18% stimulation in leaf area to provide a 59% increase in canopy photosynthetic rate. The increase in total dry weight was lower at 37%, and seed yield still lower at 24%. This shows that even in an agronomic species selected for maximum investment in seed, several plant level feedbacks prevent additional investment in reproduction, such that yield fails to reflect fully the increase in whole plant carbon uptake. Large soil containers (> 9 L) have been considered adequate for assessing plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. However, in open‐top chamber experiments, soybeans grown in large pots showed a significant threefold smaller stimulation in yield than soybeans grown in the ground. This suggests that conclusions about plant yield based on pot studies, even when using very large containers, are a poor reflection of performance in the absence of any physical restriction on root growth. This review supports a number of current paradigms of plant responses to elevated [CO 2 ]. Namely, stimulation of photosynthesis is greater in plants that fix N and have additional carbohydrate sinks in nodules. This supports the notion that photosynthetic capacity decreases when plants are N‐limited, but not when plants have adequate N and sink strength. The root : shoot ratio did not change with growth at elevated [CO 2 ], sustaining the charge that biomass allocation is unaffected by growth at elevated [CO 2 ] when plant size and ontogeny are considered.

Probing the Diversity of the Arabidopsis glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family - Ulrich Wagner; Robert Edwards; David P. Dixon; Felix Mauch (Plant Molecular Biology, 2002)

Analysis of Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase Promoter Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana by In-Planta Transformation - N. P. Eswara Reddyl; M. Anuradha; Marc Vauterin; M. Jacobs; David J. Oliver (Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2002)

rtREV: An Amino Acid Substitution Matrix for Inference of Retrovirus and Reverse Transcriptase Phylogeny - Matthew W. Dimmic; Joshua S. Rest; David P. Mindell; Richard A. Goldstein (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2002)

Delineation of the evolution of compositional changes in atheroma - Marilyn P. Wadsworth; Burton E. Sobel; David J. Schneider; Douglas J. Taatjes (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2002)

Diplectanum squamatum n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from the gills of Cynoscion guatucupa (Sciaenidae) in Southwest Atlantic waters - Cláudia P. Santos; Juan T. Timi; David I. Gibson (Systematic Parasitology, 2002)

Physicochemical Characterization of Hexetidine-Impregnated Endotracheal Tube Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Resistance to Adherence of Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens - David S. Jones; James G. McGovern; A. David Woolfson; Colin G. Adair; Sean P. Gorman (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

The effect of perturbation acceleration and advance warning on the neck postural responses of seated subjects - Gunter P. Siegmund; David J. Sanderson; J. Timothy Inglis (Experimental Brain Research, 2002)

A Terrain-Based Paired-Site Sampling Design to Assess Biodiversity Losses from Eastern Hemlock Decline - John A. Young; David R. Smith; Craig D. Snyder; David P. Lemarie (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2002)

The genus Biuterina Fuhrmann, 1902 (Cestoda, Paruterinidae) in the Old World: redescriptions of four species from Afrotropical Passeriformes - Boyko B. Georgiev; Gergana P. Vasileva; Rodney A. Bray; David I. Gibson (Systematic Parasitology, 2002)

A Glasshouse Cropping Method for Screening Lettuce Lines for Resistance to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum - John M. Whipps; Simon P. Budge; Sandy McClement; David A.C. Pink (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2002)

Usefulness of AFLP markers to estimate varietal homogeneity of rapeseed inbred line varieties in the context of plant registration and protection - Vincent Lombard; Benoit Tireau; Françoise Blouet; David Zhang; Claire P. Baril (Euphytica, 2002)

Effects of Large Mammalian Herbivores and Ant Symbionts on Condensed Tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya - David Ward; Truman P. Young (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002)

Assessing the impact of a recent predatory invader: The population dynamics, vertical distribution, and potential prey of Cercopagis pengoi in Lake Ontario - Hugues P. BenoÍt; Ora E. Johannsson; David M. Warner; W. Gary Sprules; Lars G. Rudstam (Limnology and Oceanography, 2002)
The predatory impacts of Cercopagis pengoi , a planktivorous cladoceran first observed in Lake Ontario in 1998, were assessed by examining patterns in the distribution and population dynamics of macrozooplankton. Specifically, we determined the vertical distribution of C. pengoi in Lake Ontario with respect to other zooplankton species and possible biotic and abiotic controlling factors and used seasonal time series of potential prey species, both before and after C. pengoi invasion, to make inferences about predatory impacts of C. pengoi . The highest abundances of C. pengoi generally occurred at the bottom of the epilimnion or at the top of the metalimnion, and strong diel vertical migration was not observed. The vertical distribution of cyclopoid and calanoid nauplii and copepodids was deeper in 1999 than had historically been observed, which suggest possible avoidance of C. pengoi or localized predatory depletion. Seasonal analyses of normalized biomass size spectra from the Bay of Quinte supported an impact of C. pengoi on organisms C. pengoi coincided with marked decreases in these groups. Consequently, the presence of C. pengoi likely decreases the production of juvenile copepods both through direct predation and through a shift of copepod vertical distribution to colder waters. Among the cladocerans, only Bosmina longirostris abundance declined in the presence of C. pengoi in the analysis of seasonal time series.

The biology of insularity: an introduction - Donald R. Drake; Christa P. H. Mulder; David R. Towns; Charles H. Daugherty (Journal of Biogeography, 2002)
Insular environments, ranging from oceanic islands to fragments of once‐contiguous natural systems, have long been used by biologists to test basic principles of ecology, evolution and biogeography. More recently, insular environments have figured prominently in conservation ecology, where the aim has usually been to conserve species or assemblages unique to isolated habitats. Improving the level of communication among the evolutionary biologists, theoretical ecologists and conservation biologists who study insular biotas will work to the benefit of all. This volume was inspired by a recent conference on the ecology of insular biotas, in which participants from a wide range of disciplines came together to compare ecological processes across a variety of taxonomic groups inhabiting a wide range of isolated environments. In this introduction, we point out the themes underlying these very diverse contributions. First we elaborate on the value of islands for elucidating processes underlying ecosystem functioning, population dynamics of reintroduced species, and restoration of disturbed habitats, and emphasize those areas where the use of islands could be expanded. The second section focuses on the link between ecology and evolutionary processes in insular systems and includes examples from oceanic islands, naturally patchy habitats and recently fragmented habitats. The third section illustrates some of the ways that invasive alien species on oceanic islands affect plant–animal mutualisms, particularly seed dispersal and pollination. The final section, on consequences of habitat fragmentation, focuses mainly on studies that describe the consequences that fragmentation has for plants and animals as they are forced into artificially insular environments. We close with a study that points out the differences among types of insular systems and identifies gaps in our knowledge of insular biotas, particularly the importance of explicitly incorporating patch type, age and patch–matrix contrasts in research. Finally, we recommend a greater emphasis on linking ecological theory and applied research, and improving communication between those who ask basic ecological questions and those who use insular systems for conservation.

Fluoxetine, but not other selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, increases norepinephrine and dopamine extracellular levels in prefrontal cortex - Frank P. Bymaster; Wei Zhang; Petra A. Carter; Janice Shaw; Eyassu Chernet; Lee Phebus; David T. Wong; Kenneth W. Perry (Psychopharmacology, 2002)

Milnererpeton, a replacement name for the temnospondyl amphibianMilneria - Adrian P. Hunt; Spencer G. Lucas; David S. Berman (PalZ, 2002)

Characterization of a metalloregulatory bismuth(III) site in Staphylococcus aureus pI258 CadC repressor - Laura S. Busenlehner; Julius L. Apuy; David P. Giedroc (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)

Hybrid cluster proteins (HCPs) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough): X-ray structures at 1.25 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation - Sofia Macedo; Edward P. Mitchell; Célia V. Romão; Serena J. Cooper; Ricardo Coelho; Ming Y. Liu; António V. Xavier; Jean LeGall; Susan Bailey; David C. Garner; Wilfred R. Hagen; Miguel Teixeira; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)