Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate - F. Jorge Bornemann; David P. Rowell; Barbara Evans; Dan J. Lapworth; Kamazima Lwiza; David M.J. Macdonald; John H. Marsham; Kindie Tesfaye; Matthew J. Ascott; Celia Way (Climatic Change, 2019)

Floral Odors and the Interaction between Pollinating Ceratopogonid Midges and Cacao - Sarah E. J. Arnold; Samantha J. Forbes; David R. Hall; Dudley I. Farman; Puran Bridgemohan; Gustavo R. Spinelli; Daniel P. Bray; Garvin B. Perry; Leroy Grey; Steven R. Belmain; Philip C. Stevenson (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2019)
Most plant species depend upon insect pollination services, including many cash and subsistence crops. Plants compete to attract those insects using visual cues and floral odor which pollinators associate with a reward. The cacao tree, Theobroma cacao , has a highly specialized floral morphology permitting pollination primarily by Ceratopogonid midges. However, these insects do not depend upon cacao flowers for their life cycle, and can use other sugar sources. To understand how floral cues mediate pollination in cacao we developed a method for rearing Ceratopogonidae through several complete lifecycles to provide material for bioassays. We carried out collection and analysis of cacao floral volatiles, and identified a bouquet made up exclusively of saturated and unsaturated, straight-chain hydrocarbons, which is unusual among floral odors. The most abundant components were tridecane, pentadecane, ( Z )-7-pentadecene and ( Z )-8-heptadecene with a heptadecadiene and heptadecatriene as minor components. We presented adult midges, Forcipomyia sp. (subgen . Forcipomyia ) , Culicoides paraensis and Dasyhelea borgmeieri, with natural and synthetic cacao flower odors in choice assays. Midges showed weak attraction to the complete natural floral odor in the assay, with no significant evidence of interspecific differences. This suggests that cacao floral volatiles play a role in pollinator behavior. Midges were not attracted to a synthetic blend of the above four major components of cacao flower odor, indicating that a more complete blend is required for attraction. Our findings indicate that cacao pollination is likely facilitated by the volatile blend released by flowers, and that the system involves a generalized odor response common to different species of Ceratopogonidae.

The transcript expression levels of HNRNPM, HNRNPA0 and AKAP17A splicing factors may be predictively associated with ageing phenotypes in human peripheral blood - Benjamin P. Lee; Luke C. Pilling; Stefania Bandinelli; Luigi Ferrucci; David Melzer; Lorna W. Harries (Biogerontology, 2019)

Specialized foraging habits of adult female California sea lions Zalophus californianus - Martha P. Rosas‐Hernández; David Aurioles‐Gamboa; Claudia J. Hernández‐Camacho (Marine Mammal Science, 2019)
Individual foraging specialization occurs when organisms use a small subset of the resources available to a population. This plays an important role in population dynamics since individuals may have different ecological functions within an ecosystem related to habitat use and prey preferences. The foraging habitat fidelity and degree of specialization of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were evaluated by analyzing the stable isotopes values of carbon and nitrogen in vibrissae collected from 16 adult females from the reproductive colony on Santa Margarita Island, Magdalena Bay, Mexico, in 2012 and 2013. Based on the degree of individual specialization in δ 15 N, 62.5% of the females assessed can be considered specialist consumers focusing on the same prey or different prey from the same trophic level. The degree of individual specialization in δ 13 C indicated that 100% of the individuals showed fidelity to their foraging habitat as some fed in the lagoon, others foraged along the coast, and a third group preferred prey from the pelagic environment during both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, suggesting diversification of foraging areas. Foraging area fidelity persisted despite the 2°C increase in the sea surface temperature over the course of the study period.

Length conversions and mass–length relationships of five forage‐fish species in the California current ecosystem - Danial G. Palance; Beverly J. Macewicz; Kevin Stierhoff; David A. Demer; Juan P. Zwolinski (Journal of Fish Biology, 2019)
Length‐measurement conversions and seasonal mass–length relationships (MLR) for Pacific herring Clupea pallasii , northern anchovy Engraulis mordax , Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax , Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus in the California Current are presented. The conversions between total ( L T ), fork ( L F ,) and standard lengths ( L S ) should facilitate comparisons of data across disciplines and institutions. These equations resulted from an analysis of measurements spanning 14 years and the western seaboard of North America, from the north end of Vancouver Island to the USA–Mexico border. Major‐axis regressions were used to calculate reciprocal length‐measurement conversions ( e.g ., L T to L S and L S to L T ) and generalised linear models and ordinary least‐squares models were used to create MLRs that account for seasonal variations. The MLR models indicated seasonal differences for all species except C. pallasii , for which there was no multi‐season data. Discrepancies between these and published models were examined, along with the suitability and benefit of the various types of models used for length‐measurement conversion and MLRs.

Species richness and functional structure of fish assemblages in three freshwater habitats: effects of environmental factors and management - Jamile Queiroz‐Sousa; Sally A. Keith; Gianmarco S. David; Heleno Brandão; André B. Nobile; Jaciara V. K. Paes; Ana C. Souto; Felipe P. Lima; Reinaldo J. Silva; Raoul Henry; Katherine Richardson (Journal of Fish Biology, 2019)
In this study, the inverted trophic hypothesis was tested in the freshwater fish communities of a reservoir. The distribution of fish species in three freshwater habitats in the Jurumirim Reservoir, Brazil, was examined using both species richness and the relative proportions of different trophic groups. These groups were used as a proxy for functional structure in an attempt to test the ability of these measures to assess fish diversity. Assemblage structures were first described using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The influence of environmental conditions for multiple fish assemblage response variables (richness, total abundance and abundance per trophic group) was tested using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). The metric typically employed to describe diversity; that is, species richness, was not related to environmental conditions. However, absolute species abundance was relatively well explained with up to 54% of the variation in the observed data accounted for. Differences in the dominance of trophic groups were most apparent in response to the presence of introduced fish species: the iliophagous and piscivorous trophic groups were positively associated, while detritivores and herbivores were negatively associated, with the alien species. This suggests that monitoring functional diversity might be more valuable than species diversity for assessing effects of disturbances and managements policies on the fish community.

Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy - Boris Bongalov; David F. R. P. Burslem; Tommaso Jucker; Samuel E. D. Thompson; James Rosindell; Tom Swinfield; Reuben Nilus; Daniel Clewley; Oliver L. Phillips; David A. Coomes (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Both niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β‐diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field‐derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β‐diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β‐diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.

Defining the indigenous ranges of species to account for geographic and taxonomic variation in the history of human impacts: reply to Sanderson 2019 - P. J. Stephenson; Molly K. Grace; H. Resit Akçakaya; Ana S. L. Rodrigues; Barney Long; David P. Mallon; Erik Meijaard; Jon Paul Rodriguez; Richard P. Young; Thomas M. Brooks; Craig Hilton‐Taylor (Conservation Biology, 2019)

Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Normalizes Aberrant Glutamate Production and Cognitive Deficits in the EcoHIV Murine Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders - Michael T. Nedelcovych; Boe-Hyun Kim; Xiaolei Zhu; Lyndah E. Lovell; Arena A. Manning; Jennifer Kelschenbach; Eran Hadas; Wei Chao; Eva Prchalová; Ranjeet P. Dash; Ying Wu; Jesse Alt; et al. (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2019)

Linezolid in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci - Hannah K. Eriksson; David Ahadpour; Nils P. Hailer; Stergios Lazarinis; Josef D. Järhult (Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Pathological and microbiological characterization of mastitis in dairy cows - Ronaldo M. Bianchi; Claiton I. Schwertz; Bianca S. de Cecco; Welden Panziera; Cíntia De Lorenzo; Lilian C. Heck; Gustavo G. M. Snel; Bruna C. Lopes; Fernando S. da Silva; Saulo P. Pavarini; David Driemeier (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019)

Determining contemporary and historical sediment sources in a large drainage basin impacted by cumulative effects: the regulated Nechako River, British Columbia, Canada - David Gateuille; Philip N. Owens; Ellen L. Petticrew; Barry P. Booth; Todd D. French; Stephen J. Déry (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019)

Corticomotor excitability reduction induced by experimental pain remains unaffected by performing a working memory task as compared to staying at rest - Dennis B. Larsen; Thomas Graven-Nielsen; Rogerio P. Hirata; David Seminowicz; Siobhan Schabrun; Shellie A. Boudreau (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Essential in vitro diagnostics for advanced HIV and serious fungal diseases: international experts’ consensus recommendations - Felix Bongomin; Nelesh P. Govender; Arunaloke Chakrabarti; Florence Robert-Gangneux; David R. Boulware; Afia Zafar; Rita O. Oladele; Malcolm D. Richardson; Jean-Pierre Gangneux; Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo; Joel Bazira; Tom H. Boyles; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Correction to: Adverse drug reaction causality assessment tools for drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: room for improvement - Jennifer L. Goldman; Wen-Hung Chung; Brian R. Lee; Chun-Bing Chen; Chun-Wei Lu; Wolfram Hoetzenecker; Robert Micheletti; Sally Usdin Yasuda; David J. Margolis; Neil H. Shear; Jeffery P. Struewing; Munir Pirmohamed (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Towards a “prescribing license” for medical students: development and quality evaluation of an assessment for safe prescribing - David R. M. Jansen; Carolina J. P. W Keijsers; Michiel O. Kornelissen; Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert; Cornelis Kramers (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Values in transformational sustainability science: four perspectives for change - Andra-Ioana Horcea-Milcu; David J. Abson; Cristina I. Apetrei; Ioana Alexandra Duse; Rebecca Freeth; Maraja Riechers; David P. M. Lam; Christian Dorninger; Daniel J. Lang (Sustainability Science, 2019)

Streptomyces corynorhini sp. nov., isolated from Townsend’s big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) - Paris S. Hamm; Nicole A. Caimi; Diana E. Northup; Ernest W. Valdez; Debbie C. Buecher; Christopher A. Dunlap; David P. Labeda; Andrea Porras-Alfaro (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2019)

Flavobacterium inkyongense isolated from ornamental cichlids - Fernanda de Alexandre Sebastião; Benjamin R. LaFrentz; John P. Shelley; Brittany Stevens; David Marancik; Freeland Dunker; Drury Reavill; Esteban Soto (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2019)

Linking drought legacy effects across scales: From leaves to tree rings to ecosystems - Steven A. Kannenberg; Kimberly A. Novick; M. Ross Alexander; Justin T. Maxwell; David J. P. Moore; Richard P. Phillips; William R. L. Anderegg (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Severe drought can cause lagged effects on tree physiology that negatively impact forest functioning for years. These “drought legacy effects” have been widely documented in tree‐ring records and could have important implications for our understanding of broader scale forest carbon cycling. However, legacy effects in tree‐ring increments may be decoupled from ecosystem fluxes due to (a) postdrought alterations in carbon allocation patterns; (b) temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake; and (c) dendrochronological sampling biases. In order to link legacy effects from tree rings to whole forests, we leveraged a rich dataset from a Midwestern US forest that was severely impacted by a drought in 2012. At this site, we compiled tree‐ring records, leaf‐level gas exchange, eddy flux measurements, dendrometer band data, and satellite remote sensing estimates of greenness and leaf area before, during, and after the 2012 drought. After accounting for the relative abundance of tree species in the stand, we estimate that legacy effects led to ~10% reductions in tree‐ring width increments in the year following the severe drought. Despite this stand‐scale reduction in radial growth, we found that leaf‐level photosynthesis, gross primary productivity (GPP), and vegetation greenness were not suppressed in the year following the 2012 drought. Neither temporal asynchrony between radial growth and carbon uptake nor sampling biases could explain our observations of legacy effects in tree rings but not in GPP. Instead, elevated leaf‐level photosynthesis co‐occurred with reduced leaf area in early 2013, indicating that resources may have been allocated away from radial growth in conjunction with postdrought upregulation of photosynthesis and repair of canopy damage. Collectively, our results indicate that tree‐ring legacy effects were not observed in other canopy processes, and that postdrought canopy allocation could be an important mechanism that decouples tree‐ring signals from GPP.

Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale - Esther Sebastián‐González; Jomar Magalhães Barbosa; Juan M. Pérez‐García; Zebensui Morales‐Reyes; Francisco Botella; Pedro P. Olea; Patricia Mateo‐Tomás; Marcos Moleón; Fernando Hiraldo; Eneko Arrondo; José A. Donázar; Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Understanding the distribution of biodiversity across the Earth is one of the most challenging questions in biology. Much research has been directed at explaining the species latitudinal pattern showing that communities are richer in tropical areas; however, despite decades of research, a general consensus has not yet emerged. In addition, global biodiversity patterns are being rapidly altered by human activities. Here, we aim to describe large‐scale patterns of species richness and diversity in terrestrial vertebrate scavenger (carrion‐consuming) assemblages, which provide key ecosystem functions and services. We used a worldwide dataset comprising 43 sites, where vertebrate scavenger assemblages were identified using 2,485 carcasses monitored between 1991 and 2018. First, we evaluated how scavenger richness (number of species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index) varied among seasons (cold vs. warm, wet vs. dry). Then, we studied the potential effects of human impact and a set of macroecological variables related to climatic conditions on the scavenger assemblages. Vertebrate scavenger richness ranged from species‐poor to species rich assemblages (4–30 species). Both scavenger richness and diversity also showed some seasonal variation. However, in general, climatic variables did not drive latitudinal patterns, as scavenger richness and diversity were not affected by temperature or rainfall. Rainfall seasonality slightly increased the number of species in the community, but its effect was weak. Instead, the human impact index included in our study was the main predictor of scavenger richness. Scavenger assemblages in highly human‐impacted areas sustained the smallest number of scavenger species, suggesting human activity may be overriding other macroecological processes in shaping scavenger communities. Our results highlight the effect of human impact at a global scale. As species‐rich assemblages tend to be more functional, we warn about possible reductions in ecosystem functions and the services provided by scavengers in human‐dominated landscapes in the Anthropocene.

Opportunities for behavioral rescue under rapid environmental change - Samuel B. Fey; David A. Vasseur; Karla Alujević; Kristy J. Kroeker; Michael L. Logan; Mary I. O'Connor; Volker H. W. Rudolf; John P. DeLong; Scott Peacor; Rebecca L. Selden; Andy Sih; Susana Clusella‐Trullas (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Laboratory measurements of physiological and demographic tolerances are important in understanding the impact of climate change on species diversity; however, it has been recognized that forecasts based solely on these laboratory estimates overestimate risk by omitting the capacity for species to utilize microclimatic variation via behavioral adjustments in activity patterns or habitat choice. The complex, and often context‐dependent nature, of microclimate utilization has been an impediment to the advancement of general predictive models. Here, we overcome this impediment and estimate the potential impact of warming on the fitness of ectotherms using a benefit/cost trade‐off derived from the simple and broadly documented thermal performance curve and a generalized cost function. Our framework reveals that, for certain environments, the cost of behavioral thermoregulation can be reduced as warming occurs, enabling behavioral buffering (e.g., the capacity for behavior to ameliorate detrimental impacts) and “behavioral rescue” from extinction in extreme cases. By applying our framework to operative temperature and physiological data collected at an extremely fine spatial scale in an African lizard, we show that new behavioral opportunities may emerge. Finally, we explore large‐scale geographic differences in the impact of behavior on climate‐impact projections using a global dataset of 38 insect species. These multiple lines of inference indicate that understanding the existing relationship between thermal characteristics (e.g., spatial configuration, spatial heterogeneity, and modal temperature) is essential for improving estimates of extinction risk.

Toward more robust plant–soil feedback research: Comment - François P. Teste; Paul Kardol; Benjamin L. Turner; David A. Wardle; Graham Zemunik; Michael Renton; Etienne Laliberté (Ecology, 2019)

Identification of Female Sex Pheromone for Monitoring the Barred Tooth Striped Moth, Trichopteryx polycommata, a Priority Conservation Species - Ashen Oleander; David R. Hall; Daniel P. Bray; Joseph P. J. Burman (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2019)

SEASTAR: A Mission to Study Ocean Submesoscale Dynamics and Small-Scale Atmosphere-Ocean Processes in Coastal, Shelf and Polar Seas - Christine Gommenginger; Bertrand Chapron; Andy Hogg; Christian Buckingham; Baylor Fox-Kemper; Leif Eriksson; Francois Soulat; Clément Ubelmann; Francisco Ocampo-Torres; Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli; David Griffin; Paco Lopez-Dekker; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Nearshore Fish Aggregating Devices Show Positive Outcomes for Sustainable Fisheries Development in Timor-Leste - Alexander Tilley; Shaun P. Wilkinson; Jeppe Kolding; Juliana López-Angarita; Mario Pereira; David J. Mills (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Comparing the Underwater Soundscapes of Four U.S. National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries - Samara M. Haver; Michelle E. H. Fournet; Robert P. Dziak; Christine Gabriele; Jason Gedamke; Leila T. Hatch; Joseph Haxel; Scott A. Heppell; Megan F. McKenna; David K. Mellinger; Sofie M. Van Parijs (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Analysis of recombinant inbred line populations derived from wheat landraces to identify new genes for wheat stem sawfly resistance - Andrea C. Varella; David K. Weaver; Nancy K. Blake; Megan L. Hofland; Hwa-Young Heo; Jason P. Cook; Peggy F. Lamb; Katherine W. Jordan; Eduard Akhunov; Shiaoman Chao; Luther E. Talbert (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

A rare observation of group prey processing in wild leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) - James R. Robbins; Dion Poncet; Alistair R. Evans; David P. Hocking (Polar Biology, 2019)

Correction to: Multi-Solvent Microdroplet Evaporation: Modeling and Measurement of Spray-Drying Kinetics with Inhalable Pharmaceutics - Mani Ordoubadi; Florence K. A. Gregson; Omar Melhem; David Barona; Rachael E. H. Miles; Dexter D’Sa; Sandra Gracin; David Lechuga-Ballesteros; Jonathan P. Reid; Warren H. Finlay; Reinhard Vehring (Pharmaceutical Research, 2019)

Reducing the tracking drift of an uncontoured tumor for a portal-image-based dynamically adapted conformal radiotherapy treatment - P. Troy Teo; Kaiming Guo; Gabriel Fontaine; Bilal Ahmed; Nadia Alayoubi; Katherine Kehler; David Sasaki; Stephen Pistorius (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2019)

Effects of chronic ankle instability on cutaneous reflex modulation during walking - Leif P. Madsen; Koichi Kitano; David M. Koceja; E. Paul Zehr; Carrie L. Docherty (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Adverse drug reaction causality assessment tools for drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: room for improvement - Jennifer L. Goldman; Wen-Hung Chung; Brian R. Lee; Chun-Bing Chen; Chun-Wei Lu; Wolfram Hoetzenecker; Robert Micheletti; Sally Usdin Yasuda; David J. Margolis; Neil H. Shear; Jeffery P Struewing; Munir Pirmohamed (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Methane emissions from abandoned coal and oil and gas developments in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia - James P. Williams; David Risk; Alexander Marshall; Nick Nickerson; Alexandra Martell; Chance Creelman; Mitchell Grace; Grant Wach (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scales - Ségolène Berthou; David P. Rowell; Elizabeth J. Kendon; Malcolm J. Roberts; Rachel A. Stratton; Julia A. Crook; Catherine Wilcox (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Seasonal Antarctic pressure variability during the twentieth century from spatially complete reconstructions and CAM5 simulations - Ryan L. Fogt; David P. Schneider; Chad A. Goergens; Julie M. Jones; Logan N. Clark; Michael J. Garberoglio (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Not all carbon dioxide emission scenarios are equally likely: a subjective expert assessment - Emily Ho; David V. Budescu; Valentina Bosetti; Detlef P. van Vuuren; Klaus Keller (Climatic Change, 2019)

Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective - Günter Blöschl; Marc F.P. Bierkens; Antonio Chambel; Christophe Cudennec; Georgia Destouni; Aldo Fiori; James W. Kirchner; Jeffrey J. McDonnell; Hubert H.G. Savenije; Murugesu Sivapalan; Christine Stumpp; Elena Toth; et al. (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2019)

Ocean Time Series Observations of Changing Marine Ecosystems: An Era of Integration, Synthesis, and Societal Applications - Heather M. Benway; Laura Lorenzoni; Angelicque E. White; Björn Fiedler; Naomi M. Levine; David P. Nicholson; Michael D. DeGrandpre; Heidi M. Sosik; Matthew J. Church; Todd D. O’Brien; Margaret Leinen; Robert A. Weller; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

A GIS-Based Framework to Identify Opportunities to Use Surface Water to Offset Groundwater Withdrawals - Jian Chen; Whitney P. Broussard; David M. Borrok; Fabiane B. Speyrer (Water Resources Management, 2019)

QuaPra: Efficient transcript assembly and quantification using quadratic programming with Apriori algorithm - Xiangjun Ji; Weida Tong; Baitang Ning; Christopher E. Mason; David P. Kreil; Pawel P. Labaj; Geng Chen; Tieliu Shi (Science China Life Sciences, 2019)

Acquired synaesthesia following 2C-B use - Steliana Yanakieva; David P. Luke; Ashok Jansari; Devin B. Terhune (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

A dual rescaled Mitscherlich model of the simultaneous savings in phosphorus and zinc fertiliser from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) - Nicole P. Seymour; David G. Edwards; John P. Thompson (Plant and Soil, 2019)

Multi-Solvent Microdroplet Evaporation: Modeling and Measurement of Spray-Drying Kinetics with Inhalable Pharmaceutics - Mani Ordoubadi; Florence K. A. Gregson; Omar Melhem; David Barona; Rachael E. H. Miles; Dexter D’Sa; Sandra Gracin; David Lechuga-Ballesteros; Jonathan P. Reid; Warren H. Finlay; Reinhard Vehring (Pharmaceutical Research, 2019)

Correction to: Genetic variant predictors of gene expression provide new insight into risk of colorectal cancer - Stephanie A. Bien; Yu-Ru Su; David V. Conti; Tabitha A. Harrison; Conghui Qu; Xingyi Guo; Yingchang Lu; Demetrius Albanes; Paul L. Auer; Barbara L. Banbury; Sonja I. Berndt; Stéphane Bézieau; et al. (Human Genetics, 2019)

Establishment of Siamese Fighting Fish on the Adelaide River floodplain: the first serious invasive fish in the Northern Territory, Australia - Michael P. Hammer; Michelle N. Skarlatos Simoes; Evan W. Needham; David N. Wilson; Murray A. Barton; Dean Lonza (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019 - Gaya K. Amarasinghe; María A. Ayllón; Yīmíng Bào; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Alexander Bukreyev; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Ursula J. Buchholz; Camila Chabi-Jesus; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Passive sampling as a feasible tool for mapping and model evaluation of the spatial distribution of nitrogen oxides in the city of Curitiba, Brazil - Erika Felix; Lars Gidhagen; Marcelo F. Alonso; Everaldo P. Nahirny; Bruno L. Alves; David Segersson; Jorge H. Amorim (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2019)

Determination of Passive Dry Powder Inhaler Aerodynamic Particle Size Distribution by Multi-Stage Cascade Impactor: International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium on Regulation & Science (IPAC-RS) Recommendations to Support Both Product Quality Control and Clinical Programs - Jolyon P. Mitchell; Stephen W. Stein; William Doub; Adrian P. Goodey; J. David Christopher; Rajni B. Patel; Terrence P. Tougas; Svetlana Lyapustina (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019)

Plasticity in elk migration timing is a response to changing environmental conditions - Gregory J. M. Rickbeil; Jerod A. Merkle; Greg Anderson; M. Paul Atwood; Jon P. Beckmann; Eric K. Cole; Alyson B. Courtemanch; Sarah Dewey; David D. Gustine; Matthew J. Kauffman; Douglas E. McWhirter; Tony Mong; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Migration is an effective behavioral strategy for prolonging access to seasonal resources and may be a resilient strategy for ungulates experiencing changing climatic conditions. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ( GYE ), elk are the primary ungulate, with approximately 20,000 individuals migrating to exploit seasonal gradients in forage while also avoiding energetically costly snow conditions. How climate‐induced changes in plant phenology and snow accumulation are influencing elk migration timing is unknown. We present the most complete record of elk migration across the GYE , spanning 9 herds and 414 individuals from 2001 to 2017, to evaluate the drivers of migration timing and test for temporal shifts. The timing of elk departure from winter range involved a trade‐off between current and anticipated forage conditions, while snow melt governed summer range arrival date. Timing of elk departure from summer range and arrival on winter range were both influenced by snow accumulation and exposure to hunting. At the GYE scale, spring and fall migration timing changed through time, most notably with winter range arrival dates becoming almost 50 days later since 2001. Predicted herd‐level changes in migration timing largely agreed with observed GYE ‐wide changes—except for predicted winter range arrival dates which did not reflect the magnitude of change detected in the elk telemetry data. Snow melt, snow accumulation, and spring green‐up dates all changed through time, with different herds experiencing different rates and directions of change. We conclude that elk migration is plastic, is a direct response to environmental cues, and that these environmental cues are not changing in a consistent manner across the GYE . The impacts of changing elk migration timing on predator–prey dynamics, carnivore–livestock conflict, disease ecology, and harvest management across the GYE are likely to be significant and complex.

Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit - Rob Harcourt; Ana M. M. Sequeira; Xuelei Zhang; Fabien Roquet; Kosei Komatsu; Michelle Heupel; Clive McMahon; Fred Whoriskey; Mark Meekan; Gemma Carroll; Stephanie Brodie; Colin Simpfendorfer; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Treading Water: Tools to Help US Coastal Communities Plan for Sea Level Rise Impacts - Emily A. Smith; William Sweet; Molly Mitchell; Ricardo Domingues; Christopher P. Weaver; Molly Baringer; Gustavo Goni; John Haines; J. Derek Loftis; John Boon; David Malmquist (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation - Kunshan Gao; John Beardall; Donat-P. Häder; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Guang Gao; David A. Hutchins (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Modeling Quantitative Value of Habitats for Marine and Estuarine Populations - Romuald N. Lipcius; David B. Eggleston; F. Joel Fodrie; Jaap van der Meer; Kenneth A. Rose; Rita P. Vasconcelos; Karen E. van de Wolfshaar (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Assessing the impact of peat erosion on growing season CO2 fluxes by comparing erosional peat pans and surrounding vegetated haggs - Naomi Gatis; Pia Benaud; Josie Ashe; David J. Luscombe; Emilie Grand-Clement; Iain P. Hartley; Karen Anderson; Richard E. Brazier (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2019)

Effects of amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and morphine in rats responding under an adjusting stop signal reaction time task - David R. Maguire; Charles P. France (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

Immunosignature Analysis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) - Oliver P. Günther; Jennifer L. Gardy; Phillip Stafford; Øystein Fluge; Olav Mella; Patrick Tang; Ruth R. Miller; Shoshana M. Parker; Stephen A. Johnston; David M. Patrick (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Seasonal, geographical, and habitat effects on the diet of a recovering predator population: the European pine marten (Martes martes) in Ireland - Joshua P. Twining; Ian Montgomery; Victoria Fitzpatrick; Nikki Marks; David M. Scantlebury; David G. Tosh (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2019)

Comparison of Unyvero P55 Pneumonia Cartridge, in-house PCR and culture for the identification of respiratory pathogens and antibiotic resistance in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the critical care setting - Naomi J. Gadsby; Martin P. McHugh; Callum Forbes; Laura MacKenzie; Stephen K. D. Hamilton; David M. Griffith; Kate E. Templeton (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Trace elements in marine organisms of Magdalena Bay, Pacific Coast of Mexico: Bioaccumulation in a pristine environment - S. B. Sujitha; M. P. Jonathan; David Aurioles-Gamboa; Lorena Elizabeth Campos Villegas; Jimena Bohórquez-Herrera; Claudia J. Hernández-Camacho (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2019)

RGD-decorated cholesterol stabilized polyplexes for targeted siRNA delivery to glioblastoma cells - Bo Lou; Kate Connor; Kieron Sweeney; Ian S. Miller; Alice O’Farrell; Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez; David M. Murray; Garry P. Duffy; Alan Wolfe; Enrico Mastrobattista; Annette T. Byrne; Wim E. Hennink (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2019)

Heat stress vulnerability and risk at the (super) local scale in six Brazilian capitals - David M. Lapola; Diego R. Braga; Gabriela M. Di Giulio; Roger R. Torres; Maria P. Vasconcellos (Climatic Change, 2019)

Will Landscape Fire Increase in the Future? A Systems Approach to Climate, Fire, Fuel, and Human Drivers - Karin L. Riley; A. Park Williams; Shawn P. Urbanski; David E. Calkin; Karen C. Short; Christopher D. O’Connor (Current Pollution Reports, 2019)

The expanding Pacific Northwest range of Bombus impatiens Cresson and its establishment in Washington State - Chris Looney; James P. Strange; Maggie Freeman; David Jennings (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Dispersal limitations and historical factors determine the biogeography of specialized terrestrial protists - David Singer; Edward A. D. Mitchell; Richard J. Payne; Quentin Blandenier; Clément Duckert; Leonardo D. Fernández; Bertrand Fournier; Cristián E. Hernández; Gustaf Granath; Håkan Rydin; Luca Bragazza; Natalia G. Koronatova; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Recent studies show that soil eukaryotic diversity is immense and dominated by micro‐organisms. However, it is unclear to what extent the processes that shape the distribution of diversity in plants and animals also apply to micro‐organisms. Major diversification events in multicellular organisms have often been attributed to long‐term climatic and geological processes, but the impact of such processes on protist diversity has received much less attention as their distribution has often been believed to be largely cosmopolitan. Here, we quantified phylogeographical patterns in Hyalosphenia papilio , a large testate amoeba restricted to Holarctic Sphagnum ‐dominated peatlands, to test if the current distribution of its genetic diversity can be explained by historical factors or by the current distribution of suitable habitats. Phylogenetic diversity was higher in Western North America, corresponding to the inferred geographical origin of the H. papilio complex, and was lower in Eurasia despite extensive suitable habitats. These results suggest that patterns of phylogenetic diversity and distribution can be explained by the history of Holarctic Sphagnum peatland range expansions and contractions in response to Quaternary glaciations that promoted cladogenetic range evolution, rather than the contemporary distribution of suitable habitats. Species distributions were positively correlated with climatic niche breadth, suggesting that climatic tolerance is key to dispersal ability in H. papilio . This implies that, at least for large and specialized terrestrial micro‐organisms, propagule dispersal is slow enough that historical processes may contribute to their diversification and phylogeographical patterns and may partly explain their very high overall diversity.

Extreme heterogeneity of population response to climatic variation and the limits of prediction - Chris C. Nice; Matthew L. Forister; Joshua G. Harrison; Zachariah Gompert; James A. Fordyce; James H. Thorne; David P. Waetjen; Arthur M. Shapiro (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Certain general facets of biotic response to climate change, such as shifts in phenology and geographic distribution, are well characterized; however, it is not clear whether the observed similarity of responses across taxa will extend to variation in other population‐level processes. We examined population response to climatic variation using long‐term incidence data (collected over 42 years) encompassing 149 butterfly species and considerable habitat diversity (10 sites along an elevational gradient from sea level to over 2,700 m in California). Population responses were characterized by extreme heterogeneity that was not attributable to differences in species composition among sites. These results indicate that habitat heterogeneity might be a buffer against climate change and highlight important questions about mechanisms maintaining interpopulation differences in responses to weather. Despite overall heterogeneity of response, population dynamics were accurately predicted by our model for many species at each site. However, the overall correlation between observed and predicted incidence in a cross validation analysis was moderate (Pearson's r = 0.23, SE 0.01), and 97% of observed data fell within the predicted 95% credible intervals. Prediction was most successful for more abundant species as well as for sites with lower annual turnover. Population‐level heterogeneity in response to climate variation and the limits of our predictive power highlight the challenges for a future of increasing climatic variability.

An empirical model of carbon flow through marine viruses and microzooplankton grazers - David Talmy; Stephen J. Beckett; Darcy A. A. Taniguchi; Corina P. D. Brussaard; Joshua S. Weitz; Michael J. Follows (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Viruses and microzooplankton grazers represent major sources of mortality for marine phytoplankton and bacteria, redirecting the flow of organic material throughout the world's oceans. Here, we investigate the use of nonlinear population models of interactions between phytoplankton, viruses and grazers as a means to quantitatively constrain the flow of carbon through marine microbial ecosystems. We augment population models with a synthesis of laboratory‐based estimates of prey, predator and viral life history traits that constrain transfer efficiencies. We then apply the model framework to estimate loss rates in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). With our empirically parameterized model, we estimate that, of the total losses mediated by viruses and microzooplankton grazing at the focal CCE site, 22 ± 3%, 46 ± 27%, 3 ± 2% and 29 ± 20% were directed to grazers, sloppy feeding (as well as excretion and respiration), viruses and viral lysate respectively. We identify opportunities to leverage ecosystem models and conventional mortality assays to further constrain the quantitative rates of critical ecosystem processes.

Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology - Jozef I. Nissimov; David Talmy; Liti Haramaty; Helen F. Fredricks; Ehud Zelzion; Ben Knowles; A. Murat Eren; Rebecca Vandzura; Christien P. Laber; Brittany M. Schieler; Christopher T. Johns; Kuldeep D. More; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Coccolithoviruses (EhVs) are large, double‐stranded DNA‐containing viruses that infect the single‐celled, marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi . Given the cosmopolitan nature and global importance of E. huxleyi as a bloom‐forming, calcifying, photoautotroph, E. huxleyi –EhV interactions play a key role in oceanic carbon biogeochemistry. Virally‐encoded glycosphingolipids (vGSLs) are virulence factors that are produced by the activity of virus‐encoded serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Here, we characterize the dynamics, diversity and catalytic production of vGSLs in an array of EhV strains in relation to their SPT sequence composition and explore the hypothesis that they are a determinant of infectivity and host demise. vGSL production and diversity was positively correlated with increased virulence, virus replication rate and lytic infection dynamics in laboratory experiments, but they do not explain the success of less‐virulent EhVs in natural EhV communities. The majority of EhV‐derived SPT amplicon sequences associated with infected cells in the North Atlantic derived from slower infecting, less virulent EhVs. Our lab‐, field‐ and mathematical model‐based data and simulations support ecological scenarios whereby slow‐infecting, less‐virulent EhVs successfully compete in North Atlantic populations of E. huxleyi , through either the preferential removal of fast‐infecting, virulent EhVs during active infection or by having access to a broader host range.

Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean - Lisa A. Levin; Brian J. Bett; Andrew R. Gates; Patrick Heimbach; Bruce M. Howe; Felix Janssen; Andrea McCurdy; Henry A. Ruhl; Paul Snelgrove; Karen I. Stocks; David Bailey; Simone Baumann-Pickering; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Happy Feet in a Hostile World? The Future of Penguins Depends on Proactive Management of Current and Expected Threats - Yan Ropert-Coudert; Andre Chiaradia; David Ainley; Andres Barbosa; P. Dee Boersma; Rebecka Brasso; Meagan Dewar; Ursula Ellenberg; Pablo García-Borboroglu; Louise Emmerson; Rachel Hickcox; Stephanie Jenouvrier; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Correction to: Land Use and Salinity Drive Changes in SAV Abundance and Community Composition - Christopher J. Patrick; Donald E. Weller; Robert J. Orth; David J. Wilcox; Michael P. Hannam (Estuaries and Coasts, 2019)

Land‐sparing agriculture sustains higher levels of avian functional diversity than land sharing - Patrick G. Cannon; James J. Gilroy; Joseph A. Tobias; Alex Anderson; Torbjørn Haugaasen; David P. Edwards (Global Change Biology, 2019)
The ecological impacts of meeting rising demands for food production can potentially be mitigated by two competing land‐use strategies: off‐setting natural habitats through intensification of existing farmland (land sparing), or elevating biodiversity within the agricultural matrix via the integration of “wildlife‐friendly” habitat features (land sharing). However, a key unanswered question is whether sparing or sharing farming would best conserve functional diversity, which can promote ecosystem stability and resilience to future land‐use change. Focusing on bird communities in tropical cloud forests of the Colombian Andes, we test the performance of each strategy in conserving functional diversity. We show that multiple components of avian functional diversity in farmland are positively related to the proximity and extent of natural forest. Using landscape and community simulations, we also show that land‐sparing agriculture conserves greater functional diversity and predicts higher abundance of species supplying key ecological functions than land sharing, with sharing becoming progressively inferior with increasing isolation from remnant forest. These results suggest low‐intensity agriculture is likely to conserve little functional diversity unless large blocks of adjacent natural habitat are protected, consistent with land sparing. To ensure the retention of functionally diverse ecosystems, we urgently need to implement mechanisms for increasing farmland productivity whilst protecting spared land.

Securing a Just Space for Small-Scale Fisheries in the Blue Economy - Philippa J. Cohen; Edward H. Allison; Neil L. Andrew; Joshua Cinner; Louisa S. Evans; Michael Fabinyi; Len R. Garces; Stephen J. Hall; Christina C. Hicks; Terry P. Hughes; Svein Jentoft; David J. Mills; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

An approach to estimating forest biomass change over a coniferous forest landscape based on tree-level analysis from repeated lidar surveys - Sabrina B. Turner; David P. Turner; Andrew N. Gray; Will Fellers (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2019)

Advancing Research for the Management of Long-Lived Species: A Case Study on the Greenland Shark - Jena E. Edwards; Elizabeth Hiltz; Franziska Broell; Peter G. Bushnell; Steven E. Campana; Jørgen S. Christiansen; Brynn M. Devine; Jeffrey J. Gallant; Kevin J. Hedges; M. Aaron MacNeil; Bailey C. McMeans; Julius Nielsen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Climate change mitigation potential of community-based initiatives in Europe - David M. Landholm; Anne Holsten; Federico Martellozzo; Dominik E. Reusser; Jürgen P. Kropp (Regional Environmental Change, 2019)

The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Steliana Yanakieva; Naya Polychroni; Neiloufar Family; Luke T. J. Williams; David P. Luke; Devin B. Terhune (Psychopharmacology, 2019)
Rationale Previous research demonstrating that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces alterations in time perception has implications for its impact on conscious states and a range of psychological functions that necessitate precise interval timing. However, interpretation of this research is hindered by methodological limitations and an inability to dissociate direct neurochemical effects on interval timing from indirect effects attributable to altered states of consciousness. Methods We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study contrasting oral administration of placebo with three microdoses of LSD (5, 10, and 20 μg) in older adults. Subjective drug effects were regularly recorded and interval timing was assessed using a temporal reproduction task spanning subsecond and suprasecond intervals. Results LSD conditions were not associated with any robust changes in self-report indices of perception, mentation, or concentration. LSD reliably produced over-reproduction of temporal intervals of 2000 ms and longer with these effects most pronounced in the 10 μg dose condition. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that LSD-mediated over-reproduction was independent of marginal differences in self-reported drug effects across conditions. Conclusions These results suggest that microdose LSD produces temporal dilation of suprasecond intervals in the absence of subjective alterations of consciousness.

Genetic variant predictors of gene expression provide new insight into risk of colorectal cancer - Stephanie A. Bien; Yu-Ru Su; David V. Conti; Tabitha A. Harrison; Conghui Qu; Xingyi Guo; Yingchang Lu; Demetrius Albanes; Paul L. Auer; Barbara L. Banbury; Sonja I. Berndt; Stéphane Bézieau; et al. (Human Genetics, 2019)

The role of therapy with aminoglycoside in the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients infected with polymyxin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - Maristela P. Freire; Doroti de Oliveira Garcia; Ana Paula Cury; Gabriela R. Francisco; Nathamy F. dos Santos; Fernanda Spadão; Maria Fernanda Campagnari Bueno; Carlos Henrique Camargo; Flavio J. de Paula; Flavia Rossi; Willian C. Nahas; Elias David-Neto; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Climate engineering–induced changes in correlations between Earth system variables—implications for appropriate indicator selection - Nadine Mengis; David P. Keller; Wilfried Rickels; Martin Quaas; Andreas Oschlies (Climatic Change, 2019)

A three-tier risk assessment process for climate change adaptation at a local scale - Fahim Nawroz Tonmoy; David Rissik; J. P. Palutikof (Climatic Change, 2019)

The U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit: evidence of progress - Edward P. Gardiner; David D. Herring; James F. Fox (Climatic Change, 2019)

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: second update 2018 - Piet Maes; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; María A. Ayllón; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Alexander Bukreyev; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Ursula J. Buchholz; Kartik Chandran; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2019)

Examination of relationships between stable isotopes and cortisol concentrations along the length of phocid whiskers - Shawna A. Karpovich; John P. Skinner; Luciene A. Kapronczai; Justin A. Smith; David M. Janz (Marine Mammal Science, 2019)
Alaskan seals are found in remote and sometimes inaccessible locations, making it difficult to collect time‐series information. This study explores a novel method to examine temporal changes in diet and physiological status of ringed ( Pusa hispida ), spotted ( Phoca largha ), and harbor ( Phoca vitulina ) seals using cortisol concentrations and δ 15 N and δ 13 C stable isotopes (SIs) measured in serial sections of whiskers. As whiskers grow, whisker tissue is deposited sequentially making these measurements temporally aligned. Whisker cortisol presented in a distinct pattern with elevated concentrations at the root section followed by a curvilinear decline moving toward the tip of most whiskers. Comparing SIs at the root to the rest of the whiskers, δ 13 C values were slightly lower in ringed and harbor seal whiskers and δ 15 N values were slightly higher in harbor seal whiskers. The data were modeled controlling for the observed trends in cortisol concentrations and further associations between cortisol concentrations and SIs were detected in spotted and harbor seal whiskers. Additional research examining the source and stability of whisker cortisol is warranted. However, the methods presented here demonstrate that whiskers could prove valuable to gather long‐term and naturally aligned dietary and physiological information.

Satellite Remote Sensing in Shark and Ray Ecology, Conservation and Management - Michael J. Williamson; Emma J. Tebbs; Terence P. Dawson; David M. P. Jacoby (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Reduced Nearshore Warming Associated With Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems - Rui Seabra; Rubén Varela; António M. Santos; Moncho Gómez-Gesteira; Claudia Meneghesso; David S. Wethey; Fernando P. Lima (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Stable isotopes of H, C and N in mice bone collagen as a reflection of isotopically controlled food and water intake - Katarina Topalov; Arndt Schimmelmann; P. David Polly; Peter E. Sauer; Suresh Viswanathan (Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2019)

Toward a better understanding of freshwater fish responses to an increasingly drought-stricken world - Robert J. Lennox; David A. Crook; Peter B. Moyle; Daniel P. Struthers; Steven J. Cooke (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2019)

Morphological and genetic diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Uganda - David Gopaulchan; Lambert A. Motilal; Frances L. Bekele; Séverine Clause; James O. Ariko; Harriet P. Ejang; Pathmanathan Umaharan (Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2019)

Woolly Apple Aphid Generalist Predator Feeding Behavior Assessed through Video Observation in an Apple Orchard - Robert J. Orpet; David W. Crowder; Vincent P. Jones (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2019)

Antibiotic misuse in respiratory tract infections in children and adults—a prospective, multicentre study (TAILORED Treatment) - Chantal B. van Houten; Asi Cohen; Dan Engelhard; John P. Hays; Roger Karlsson; Edward Moore; David Fernández; Racheli Kreisberg; Laurence V. Collins; Wouter de Waal; Karin M. de Winter-de Groot; Tom F. W. Wolfs; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2019)

Better estimates of soil carbon from geographical data: a revised global approach - Sandra Duarte-Guardia; Pablo L. Peri; Wulf Amelung; Douglas Sheil; Shawn W. Laffan; Nils Borchard; Michael I. Bird; Wouter Dieleman; David A. Pepper; Brian Zutta; Esteban Jobbagy; Lucas C. R. Silva; et al. (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2019)

Does fish herding enhance catch rates and detection of invasive bigheaded carp? - Steven E. Butler; Anthony P. Porreca; Scott F. Collins; Jonathan A. Freedman; Joseph J. Parkos; Matthew J. Diana; David H. Wahl (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Causes and analytical impacts of missing data in RADseq phylogenetics: Insights from an African frog ( Afrixalus ) - Marco Crotti; Christopher D. Barratt; Simon P. Loader; David J. Gower; Jeffrey W. Streicher (Zoologica Scripta, 2019)
Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has emerged as a useful tool in systematics and population genomics. A common feature of RADseq data sets is that they contain missing data that arise from multiple sources including genealogical sampling bias, assembly methodology and sequencing error. Many RADseq studies have demonstrated that allowing sites (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) with missing data can increase support for phylogenetic hypotheses. Two non‐mutually exclusive explanations for this observation are that (a) larger data sets contain more phylogenetic information; and (b) excluding missing data disproportionally removes sites with the highest mutation rates, causing the exclusion of characters that are likely variable and informative. Using a RADseq data set derived from the East African banana frog, Afrixalus fornasini (up to 1.1 million SNPs), we found that missing data thresholds were positively correlated with the proportion of parsimony‐informative sites and mean branch support. Using three proxies for estimating site‐specific rate, we found that the most conservative missing data strategies excluded rapidly evolving sites, with four‐state sites present only when allowing ≥60% missing data per SNP. Topological similarity among estimated phylogenies was highest for the data sets with ≥60% missing data per SNP. Our results suggest that several desirable phylogenetic qualities were observed when allowing ≥60% missing data per SNP. However, at the highest missing data thresholds (80% and 90% missing data per SNP), we observed differences in performance between high‐ and mixed‐weight DNA extraction samples, which may indicate there are trade‐offs to consider when using degraded genomic template with RADseq protocols.

The dependence of synchrony on timescale and geography in freshwater plankton - Thomas L. Anderson; Lawrence W. Sheppard; Jonathan A. Walter; Susan P. Hendricks; Todd D. Levine; David S. White; Daniel C. Reuman (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)
Spatial synchrony is defined by related fluctuations through time in population abundances measured at different locations. The degree of relatedness typically declines with increasing distance between sampling locations. Standard approaches for assessing synchrony assume isotropy in space and uniformity across timescales of analysis, but it is now known that spatial variability and timescale structure in population dynamics are common features. We tested for spatial and timescale structure in the patterns of synchrony of freshwater plankton in Kentucky Lake, U.S.A. We also evaluated whether different mechanisms may drive synchrony and its spatial structure on different timescales. Using wavelet techniques and matrix regression, we analyzed phytoplankton biomass and abundances of seven zooplankton taxa at 16 locations sampled from 1990 to 2015. We found that zooplankton abundances and phytoplankton biomass exhibited synchrony at multiple timescales. Timescale structure in the potential mechanisms of synchrony was revealed primarily through networks of relationships among zooplankton taxa, which differed by timescale. We found substantial interspecific variability in geographic structures of synchrony and their causes: all mechanisms we considered strongly explained geographic structure in synchrony for at least one species, while Euclidean distance between sampling locations was generally less well supported than more mechanistic explanations. Geographic structure in synchrony and its underlying mechanisms also depended on timescale for a minority of the taxa tested. Overall, our results show substantial and complex but interpretable variation in structures of synchrony across three variables: space, timescale, and taxon. It seems likely these aspects of synchrony are important general features of freshwater systems.

The paleobiogeographical significance of the Silurian and Devonian trilobites of Japan - Christopher P. Stocker; Derek J. Siveter; Philip D. Lane; Mark Williams; Tatsuo Oji; Simon R. Wallis; Gengo Tanaka; Toshifumi Komatsu; David J. Siveter; Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke (Island Arc, 2019)
Six major groups of trilobites from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan are evaluated for their paleobiogeographical signature. Silurian illaenids and scutelluids show four generic‐level and at least two species‐level links with the Australian segment of the Gondwana paleocontinent; encrinurids also indicate two generic‐level links with Australia and also the South China paleocontinent; whilst Devonian phacopids, and possibly proetids, suggest at least two generic‐level links with the North China paleocontinent. These different patterns may reflect the fragmentary biostratigraphical record of Japanese trilobites, but they also appear to reflect paleoenvironmental parameters associated with lithofacies, and paleoecology. Thus, Japanese assemblages of proetids and phacopids occurring in deep‐water clastic lithofacies have counterparts in similar settings in North China, and Japanese scutelluids and illaenids are strongly associated with shallow marine carbonate lithofacies that are similar to those of their occurrences in Australia. Japanese encrinurids occur in carbonate rocks indicative of shallow marine settings in the Kurosegawa Terrane, and they demonstrate a consistent paleobiogeographical affinity with Australia and South China. Larval ecology cannot be directly assessed for Japanese trilobite groups. However, proetids have consistently been shown to have planktonic protaspides, whereas illaenids, scutelluids, and encrinurids have benthic protaspides. Planktonic protaspides would have a greater propensity for distribution in ocean currents than benthic ones, and therefore may be of more limited paleobiogeographical utility. The combined data from the six different groups indicates that the complex paleobiogeographical patterns of the Japanese trilobite assemblages need to be interpreted with caution, and similarity of taxa does not necessarily denote paleogeographical proximity to other regions.

Gene cluster conservation identifies melanin and perylenequinone biosynthesis pathways in multiple plant pathogenic fungi - Malaika K. Ebert; Rebecca E. Spanner; Ronnie de Jonge; David J. Smith; Jason Holthusen; Gary A. Secor; Bart P. H. J. Thomma; Melvin D. Bolton (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Perylenequinones are a family of structurally related polyketide fungal toxins with nearly universal toxicity. These photosensitizing compounds absorb light energy which enables them to generate reactive oxygen species that damage host cells. This potent mechanism serves as an effective weapon for plant pathogens in disease or niche establishment. The sugar beet pathogen Cercospora beticola secretes the perylenequinone cercosporin during infection. We have shown recently that the cercosporin toxin biosynthesis ( CTB ) gene cluster is present in several other phytopathogenic fungi, prompting the search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of structurally similar perylenequinones in other fungi. Here, we report the identification of the elsinochrome and phleichrome BGCs of Elsinoë fawcettii and Cladosporium phlei , respectively, based on gene cluster conservation with the CTB and hypocrellin BGCs. Furthermore, we show that previously reported BGCs for elsinochrome and phleichrome are involved in melanin production. Phylogenetic analysis of the corresponding melanin polyketide synthases (PKSs) and alignment of melanin BGCs revealed high conservation between the established and newly identified C. beticola , E. fawcettii and C. phlei melanin BGCs. Mutagenesis of the identified perylenequinone and melanin PKSs in C. beticola and E. fawcettii coupled with mass spectrometric metabolite analyses confirmed their roles in toxin and melanin production.

Taxonomy of the Sphaerostilbella broomeana-group (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) - Kadri Põldmaa; Gerald Bills; David P. Lewis; Heidi Tamm (Mycological Progress, 2019)

DEPC modification of the CuA protein from Thermus thermophilus - Taylor Devlin; Cristina R. Hofman; Zachary P. V. Acevedo; Kelsey R. Kohler; Lizhi Tao; R. David Britt; Kevin R. Hoke; Laura M. Hunsicker-Wang (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2019)

Pharmacokinetics and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in HCV-negative subjects with hepatic impairment - Matthew P. Kosloski; Haoyu Wang; David Pugatch; Federico J. Mensa; Edward Gane; Eric Lawitz; Thomas C. Marbury; Richard A. Preston; Jens Kort; Wei Liu (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus removal potential of five plant species in floating treatment wetlands receiving simulated nursery runoff - Jonathan T. Spangler; David J. Sample; Laurie J. Fox; Joseph P. Albano; Sarah A. White (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

The Be-Well Study: a prospective cohort study of lifestyle and genetic factors to reduce the risk of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer - Marilyn L. Kwan; Lawrence H. Kushi; Kim N. Danforth; Janise M. Roh; Isaac J. Ergas; Valerie S. Lee; Kimberly L. Cannavale; Teresa N. Harrison; Richard Contreras; Ronald K. Loo; David S. Aaronson; Charles P. Quesenberry; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2019)

Less is more: lemurs (Eulemur spp.) may benefit from loss of trichromatic vision - Rachel L. Jacobs; Carrie C. Veilleux; Edward E. Louis; James P. Herrera; Chihiro Hiramatsu; David C. Frankel; Mitchell T. Irwin; Amanda D. Melin; Brenda J. Bradley (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2019)

A sharp floristic discontinuity revealed by the biogeographic regionalization of African savannas - Adeline Fayolle; Michael D. Swaine; Julie Aleman; Akomian F. Azihou; David Bauman; Mariska te Beest; Emmanuel N. Chidumayo; Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt; Hélène Dessard; Manfred Finckh; Francisco Maiato P. Gonçalves; Jean‐Francois Gillet; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim In tropical Africa, savannas cover huge areas, have high plant species richness and are considered as a major natural resource for most countries. There is, however, little information available on their floristics and biogeography at the continental scale, despite the importance of such information for our understanding of the drivers of species diversity at various scales and for effective conservation and management. Here, we collated and analysed floristic data from across the continent in order to propose a biogeographical regionalization for African savannas. Location We collated floristic information (specifically woody species lists) for 298 samples of savanna vegetation across Africa, extending from 18° N to 33° S and from 17° W to 48° E. Taxa We focused on native woody species. Methods We used ordination and clustering to identify the floristic discontinuities and gradual transitions across African savannas. Floristic relationships, specificity and turnover, within and between floristic clusters, were analysed using a (dis‐)similarity‐based approach. Results We identified eight floristic clusters across African savannas which in turn were grouped into two larger macro‐units. Ordinations at species and genus levels showed a clear differentiation in woody species composition between the North/West macro‐unit and the South/East macro‐unit. This floristic discontinuity matches to the High (i.e. N&W) and Low (S&E) division of Africa previously proposed by White ( ) and which tracks climatic and topographical variation. In the N&W savannas, the floristic gradient determined by rainfall was partitioned into the Sudanian (drier) and Guinean (wetter) clusters. Within the highly heterogeneous S&E savannas and woodlands, six clusters were identified: Ugandan, Ethiopian, Mozambican, Zambezian, Namibian and South African. Main conclusions The proposed pan‐African classification of savannas and woodlands might assist the development of coordinated management and conservation policies.

Climate change does not affect the seafood quality of a commonly targeted fish - Melinda A. Coleman; Peter Butcherine; Brendan P. Kelaher; Matt K. Broadhurst; Duane T. March; Euan J. Provost; Jamie David; Kirsten Benkendorff (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Climate change can affect marine and estuarine fish via alterations to their distributions, abundances, sizes, physiology and ecological interactions, threatening the provision of ecosystem goods and services. While we have an emerging understanding of such ecological impacts to fish, we know little about the potential influence of climate change on the provision of nutritional seafood to sustain human populations. In particular, the quantity, quality and/or taste of seafood may be altered by future environmental changes with implications for the economic viability of fisheries. In an orthogonal mesocosm experiment, we tested the influence of near‐future ocean warming and acidification on the growth, health and seafood quality of a recreationally and commercially important fish, yellowfin bream ( Acanthopagrus australis ). The growth of yellowfin bream significantly increased under near‐future temperature conditions (but not acidification), with little change in health (blood glucose and haematocrit) or tissue biochemistry and nutritional properties (fatty acids, lipids, macro‐ and micronutrients, moisture, ash and total N). Yellowfin bream appear to be highly resilient to predicted near‐future ocean climate change, which might be facilitated by their wide spatio‐temporal distribution across habitats and broad diet. Moreover, an increase in growth, but little change in tissue quality, suggests that near‐future ocean conditions will benefit fisheries and fishers that target yellowfin bream. The data reiterate the inherent resilience of yellowfin bream as an evolutionary consequence of their euryhaline status in often environmentally challenging habitats and imply their sustainable and viable fisheries into the future. We contend that widely distributed species that span large geographic areas and habitats can be “climate winners” by being resilient to the negative direct impacts of near‐future oceanic and estuarine climate change.

Direct and indirect effects of climate on richness drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in forest trees - Chengjin Chu; James A. Lutz; Kamil Král; Tomáš Vrška; Xue Yin; Jonathan A. Myers; Iveren Abiem; Alfonso Alonso; Norm Bourg; David F.R.P. Burslem; Min Cao; Hazel Chapman; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Climate is widely recognised as an important determinant of the latitudinal diversity gradient. However, most existing studies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of climate, which substantially hinders our understanding of how climate constrains biodiversity globally. Using data from 35 large forest plots, we test hypothesised relationships amongst climate, topography, forest structural attributes (stem abundance, tree size variation and stand basal area) and tree species richness to better understand drivers of latitudinal tree diversity patterns. Climate influences tree richness both directly, with more species in warm, moist, aseasonal climates and indirectly, with more species at higher stem abundance. These results imply direct limitation of species diversity by climatic stress and more rapid (co‐)evolution and narrower niche partitioning in warm climates. They also support the idea that increased numbers of individuals associated with high primary productivity are partitioned to support a greater number of species.

Impacts of tropical forest disturbance on species vital rates - Cindy C.P. Cosset; James J. Gilroy; David P. Edwards (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Tropical forests are experiencing enormous threats from deforestation and habitat degradation. Much knowledge of the impacts of these land‐use changes on tropical species comes from studies examining patterns of richness and abundance. Demographic vital rates (survival, reproduction, and movement) can also be affected by land‐use change in a way that increases species vulnerability to extirpation, but in many cases these impacts may not be manifested in short‐term changes in abundance or species richness. We conducted a literature review to assess current knowledge and research effort concerning how land‐use change affects species vital rates in tropical forest vertebrates. We found a general paucity of empirical research on demography across taxa and regions, with some biases toward mammals and birds and land‐use transitions, including fragmentation and agriculture. There is also considerable between‐species variation in demographic responses to land‐use change, which could reflect trait‐based differences in species sensitivity, complex context dependencies (e.g., between‐region variation), or inconsistency in methods used in studies. Efforts to improve understanding of anthropogenic impacts on species demography are underway, but there is a need for increased research effort to fill knowledge gaps in understudied tropical regions and taxa. The lack of information on demographic impacts of anthropogenic disturbance makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions about the magnitude of threats to tropical ecosystems under anthropogenic pressures. Thus, determining conservation priorities and improving conservation effectiveness remains a challenge.

Prospects and challenges of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring in freshwater ponds - Lynsey R. Harper; Andrew S. Buxton; Helen C. Rees; Kat Bruce; Rein Brys; David Halfmaerten; Daniel S. Read; Hayley V. Watson; Carl D. Sayer; Eleanor P. Jones; Victoria Priestley; Elvira Mächler; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Lichens Contribute to Open Woodland Stability in the Boreal Forest Through Detrimental Effects on Pine Growth and Root Ectomycorrhizal Development - Marine Pacé; Nicole J. Fenton; David Paré; Franck O. P. Stefani; Hugues B. Massicotte; Linda E. Tackaberry; Yves Bergeron (Ecosystems, 2019)

Colocalization of neurons in optical coherence microscopy and Nissl-stained histology in Brodmann’s area 32 and area 21 - Caroline Magnain; Jean C. Augustinack; Lee Tirrell; Morgan Fogarty; Matthew P. Frosch; David Boas; Bruce Fischl; Kathleen S. Rockland (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

Unidirectional monosynaptic connections from auditory areas to the primary visual cortex in the marmoset monkey - Piotr Majka; Marcello G. P. Rosa; Shi Bai; Jonathan M. Chan; Bing-Xing Huo; Natalia Jermakow; Meng K. Lin; Yeonsook S. Takahashi; Ianina H. Wolkowicz; Katrina H. Worthy; Ramesh Rajan; David H. Reser; et al. (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

The Pattern of Straight Chain Hydrocarbons Released by Yucca Flowers (Asparagaceae) - Armin Tröger; Glenn P. Svensson; David M. Althoff; Kari A. Segraves; Robert A. Raguso; Wittko Francke (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2019)

A genome-wide association study for mastitis resistance in phenotypically well-characterized Holstein dairy cattle using a selective genotyping approach - Jacqueline P. Kurz; Zhou Yang; Robert B. Weiss; David J. Wilson; Kerry A. Rood; George E. Liu; Zhongde Wang (Immunogenetics, 2019)

Bioaccumulation of Highly Hydrophobic Chemicals by Lumbriculus variegatus - Lawrence P. Burkhard; Tylor Lahren; Terry L. Highland; James R. Hockett; David R. Mount; Teresa J. Norberg-King (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2019)

Changes in benthic invertebrate communities of central Appalachian streams attributed to hemlock woody adelgid invasion - Kristen M. Diesburg; S. Mažeika P. Sullivan; David W. P. Manning (Aquatic Sciences, 2019)

Feather mites play a role in cleaning host feathers: New insights from DNA metabarcoding and microscopy - Jorge Doña; Heather Proctor; David Serrano; Kevin P. Johnson; Arnika Oddy‐van Oploo; Jose C. Huguet‐Tapia; Marina S. Ascunce; Roger Jovani (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Parasites and other symbionts are crucial components of ecosystems, regulating host populations and supporting food webs. However, most symbiont systems, especially those involving commensals and mutualists, are relatively poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the nature of the symbiotic relationship between birds and their most abundant and diverse ectosymbionts: the vane‐dwelling feather mites. For this purpose, we studied the diet of feather mites using two complementary methods. First, we used light microscopy to examine the gut contents of 1,300 individual feather mites representing 100 mite genera (18 families) from 190 bird species belonging to 72 families and 19 orders. Second, we used high‐throughput sequencing ( HTS ) and DNA metabarcoding to determine gut contents from 1,833 individual mites of 18 species inhabiting 18 bird species. Results showed fungi and potentially bacteria as the main food resources for feather mites (apart from potential bird uropygial gland oil). Diatoms and plant matter appeared as rare food resources for feather mites. Importantly, we did not find any evidence of feather mites feeding upon bird resources (e.g., blood, skin) other than potentially uropygial gland oil. In addition, we found a high prevalence of both keratinophilic and pathogenic fungal taxa in the feather mite species examined. Altogether, our results shed light on the long‐standing question of the nature of the relationship between birds and their vane‐dwelling feather mites, supporting previous evidence for a commensalistic–mutualistic role of feather mites, which are revealed as likely fungivore–microbivore–detritivore symbionts of bird feathers.

An eye in the sky reveals the collective dynamics of free‐ranging shark aggregations - David M. P. Jacoby (Journal of Fish Biology, 2019)

Land mammals form eight functionally and climatically distinct faunas in North America but only one in Europe - Kari Lintulaakso; P. David Polly; Jussi T. Eronen (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim We use cluster analysis to delimit climatically and functionally distinct mammalian faunal clusters. These entities form regional species pools and are relevant to community assembly processes. Similar clusters can be differentiated in the fossil record, offering the potential for use as palaeoenvironmental proxies. Location North America within W178°, W14°, N83°, N7° and Europe within W32°, E35°, N80°, N35°. Major taxa studied 575 and 124 land mammal species from North America and Europe. Methods K ‐means clustering was used to subdivide North America and Europe into distinct faunas ranging in number from 3 (largest scale) to 21 (smallest scale). Each set of faunas was tested for significant differences in climate (mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature) and functional traits (body mass, locomotion and diet). Results In North America, climatic differentiation exists at the scale where mammals are divided into 11 or fewer distinct faunas and, in Europe, at the scale where there are five or fewer faunas. Functional trait differentiation in body mass occurs at a larger spatial scale in North America (8 distinct faunas), but locomotor differentiation is present at all spatial scales, and dietary differentiation is not present at any scale. No significant differentiation in any functional trait at any scale was found in Europe. Main conclusions Faunal clusters can be constructed at any spatial scale, but clusters are climatically and functionally meaningful only at larger scales. Climatic (and environmental) differences and their associated functional trait specialisations are likely to be barriers to large‐scale mixing. We argue, therefore, that functionally and climatically distinct faunal clusters are the entities that form regional species pools for community assembly processes. In North America, there are eight such mammal pools, but only one in Europe. Since the functional traits in our study are observable in the fossil record, functional trait analysis can potentially be used to diagnose climatically distinct regions in the past.

Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change - Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert; Timothy R. Baker; Kyle G. Dexter; Simon L. Lewis; Roel J. W. Brienen; Ted R. Feldpausch; Jon Lloyd; Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza; Luzmila Arroyo; Esteban Álvarez-Dávila; Niro Higuchi; Beatriz S. Marimon; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate‐induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long‐term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water‐deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large‐statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry‐affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet‐affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry‐affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate‐change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole‐community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large‐statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Biomass consumption by surface fires across Earth's most fire prone continent - Brett P. Murphy; Lynda D. Prior; Mark A. Cochrane; Grant J. Williamson; David M. J. S. Bowman (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Landscape fire is a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. Predicting biomass consumption by fire at large spatial scales is essential to understanding carbon dynamics and hence how fire management can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase ecosystem carbon storage. An Australia‐wide field‐based survey (at 113 locations) across large‐scale macroecological gradients (climate, productivity and fire regimes) enabled estimation of how biomass combustion by surface fire directly affects continental‐scale carbon budgets. In terms of biomass consumption, we found clear trade‐offs between the frequency and severity of surface fires. In temperate southern Australia, characterised by less frequent and more severe fires, biomass consumed per fire was typically very high. In contrast, surface fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia were very frequent but less severe, with much lower consumption of biomass per fire (about a quarter of that in the far south). When biomass consumption was expressed on an annual basis, biomass consumed was far greater in the tropical savannas (>20 times that of the far south). This trade‐off is also apparent in the ratio of annual carbon consumption to net primary production ( NPP ). Across Australia's naturally vegetated land area, annual carbon consumption by surface fire is equivalent to about 11% of NPP , with a sharp contrast between temperate southern Australia (6%) and tropical northern Australia (46%). Our results emphasise that fire management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions should focus on fire prone tropical savanna landscapes, where the vast bulk of biomass consumption occurs globally. In these landscapes, grass biomass is a key driver of frequency, intensity and combustion completeness of surface fires, and management actions that increase grass biomass are likely to lead to increases in greenhouse gas emissions from savanna fires.

Iron‐ and aluminium‐induced depletion of molybdenum in acidic environments impedes the nitrogen cycle - Xiaoxuan Ge; Brian J. Vaccaro; Michael P. Thorgersen; Farris L. Poole; Erica L. Majumder; Grant M. Zane; Kara B. De León; W. Andrew Lancaster; Ji Won Moon; Charles J. Paradis; Frederick von Netzer; David A. Stahl; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Anthropogenic nitrate contamination is a serious problem in many natural environments. Nitrate removal by microbial action is dependent on the metal molybdenum (Mo), which is required by nitrate reductase for denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The soluble form of Mo, molybdate (MoO 4 2− ), is incorporated into and adsorbed by iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) (oxy) hydroxide minerals. Herein we used Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) as a model nitrate‐contaminated acidic environment to investigate whether the formation of Fe‐ and Al‐precipitates could impede microbial nitrate removal by depleting Mo. We demonstrate that Fe and Al mineral formation that occurs as the pH of acidic synthetic groundwater is increased, decreases soluble Mo to low picomolar concentrations, a process proposed to mimic environmental diffusion of acidic contaminated groundwater. Analysis of ORR sediments revealed recalcitrant Mo in the contaminated core that co‐occurred with Fe and Al, consistent with Mo scavenging by Fe/Al precipitates. Nitrate removal by ORR isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens N2A2 is virtually abolished by Fe/Al precipitate‐induced Mo depletion. The depletion of naturally occurring Mo in nitrate‐ and Fe/Al‐contaminated acidic environments like ORR or acid mine drainage sites has the potential to impede microbial‐based nitrate reduction thereby extending the duration of nitrate in the environment.

Neglected Mediterranean plant species are valuable resources: the example of Cistus ladanifer - Joana R. Raimundo; David F. Frazão; Joana L. Domingues; Celestino Quintela-Sabarís; Teresa P. Dentinho; Ofélia Anjos; Marcos Alves; Fernanda Delgado (Planta, 2018)

Characterization of a large sex determination region in Salix purpurea L. (Salicaceae) - Ran Zhou; David Macaya-Sanz; Eli Rodgers-Melnick; Craig H. Carlson; Fred E. Gouker; Luke M. Evans; Jeremy Schmutz; Jerry W. Jenkins; Juying Yan; Gerald A. Tuskan; Lawrence B. Smart; Stephen P. DiFazio (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2018)

Simulation-based suggestions to improve ibuprofen dosing for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns - Robert B. Flint; Rob ter Heine; Edwin Spaans; David M. Burger; Johan C. A. de Klerk; Karel Allegaert; Catherijne A. J. Knibbe; Sinno H. P. Simons (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Increase in Dissolved Silica of Rivers Due to a Volcanic Eruption in an Estuarine Bay (Sorsogon Bay, Philippines) - Fernando P. Siringan; Erwin Don R. Racasa; Carlos Primo C. David; Rhodelyn C. Saban (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)

Genome Sequence Analysis of Two Pseudomonas putida Strains to Identify a 17-Hydroxylase Putatively Involved in Sparteine Degradation - Andrew P. Detheridge; Gareth W. Griffith; David J. Hopper (Current Microbiology, 2018)

Characterizing range-wide divergence in an alpine-endemic bird: a comparison of genetic and genomic approaches - Kathryn M. Langin; Cameron L. Aldridge; Jennifer A. Fike; R. Scott Cornman; Kathy Martin; Gregory T. Wann; Amy E. Seglund; Michael A. Schroeder; Clait E. Braun; David P. Benson; Brad C. Fedy; Jessica R. Young; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2018)

Surrogate-based parameter inference in debris flow model - Maria Navarro; Olivier P. Le Maître; Ibrahim Hoteit; David L. George; Kyle T. Mandli; Omar M. Knio (Computational Geosciences, 2018)

Evaluation of the serum virome in calves persistently infected with Pestivirus A, presenting or not presenting mucosal disease - Matheus N. Weber; Samuel P. Cibulski; Simone Silveira; Franciele M. Siqueira; Ana Cristina S. Mósena; Mariana S. da Silva; Juliana C. Olegário; Ana Paula M. Varela; Thaís F. Teixeira; Matheus V. Bianchi; David Driemeier; Saulo P. Pavarini; et al. (Virus Genes, 2018)

Analysis of novel domain-specific mutations in the zebrafish ndr2/cyclops gene generated using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs - Ashley N. Turner; Reagan S. Andersen; Ivy E. Bookout; Lauren N. Brashear; James C. Davis; David M. Gahan; John P. Gotham; Baraa A. Hijaz; Ashish S. Kaushik; Jordan B. Mcgill; Victoria L. Miller; Zachariah P. Moseley; et al. (Journal of Genetics, 2018)

Climate warming alters the structure of farmland tritrophic ecological networks and reduces crop yield - Stephane A. P. Derocles; David H. Lunt; Sophie C. F. Berthe; Paul C. Nichols; Ellen D. Moss; Darren M. Evans (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
It is unclear how sustained increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, as a result of climate change, will affect crops and their interactions with agricultural weeds, insect pests and predators, due to the difficulties in quantifying changes in such complex relationships. We simulated the combined effects of increasing temperature (by an average of 1.4°C over a growing season) and applying additional rainwater (10% of the monthly mean added weekly, 40% total) using a replicated, randomized block experiment within a wheat crop. We examined how this affected the structure of 24 quantitative replicate plant–aphid–parasitoid networks constructed using DNA ‐based methods. Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer–resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity. Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged. It also drove changes in the crop, altering in particular the phenology of the wheat as well as its quality (i.e., fewer, lighter seeds). We discuss the importance of considering the wider impacts of climate change on interacting species across trophic levels in agroecosystems.

A comparison of genomic islands of differentiation across three young avian species pairs - Darren E. Irwin; Borja Milá; David P. L. Toews; Alan Brelsford; Haley L. Kenyon; Alison N. Porter; Christine Grossen; Kira E. Delmore; Miguel Alcaide; Jessica H. Irwin (Molecular Ecology, 2018)
Detailed evaluations of genomic variation between sister species often reveal distinct chromosomal regions of high relative differentiation (i.e., “islands of differentiation” in F ST ), but there is much debate regarding the causes of this pattern. We briefly review the prominent models of genomic islands of differentiation and compare patterns of genomic differentiation in three closely related pairs of New World warblers with the goal of evaluating support for the four models. Each pair (MacGillivray's/mourning warblers; Townsend's/black‐throated green warblers; and Audubon's/myrtle warblers) consists of forms that were likely separated in western and eastern North American refugia during cycles of Pleistocene glaciations and have now come into contact in western Canada, where each forms a narrow hybrid zone. We show strong differences between pairs in their patterns of genomic heterogeneity in F ST , suggesting differing selective forces and/or differing genomic responses to similar selective forces among the three pairs. Across most of the genome, levels of within‐group nucleotide diversity ( π Within ) are almost as large as levels of between‐group nucleotide distance ( π Between ) within each pair, suggesting recent common ancestry and/or gene flow. In two pairs, a pattern of the F ST peaks having low π Between suggests that selective sweeps spread between geographically differentiated groups, followed by local differentiation. This “sweep‐before‐differentiation” model is consistent with signatures of gene flow within the yellow‐rumped warbler species complex. These findings add to our growing understanding of speciation as a complex process that can involve phases of adaptive introgression among partially differentiated populations.

Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome - Anne D. Bjorkman; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Sarah C. Elmendorf; Signe Normand; Haydn J. D. Thomas; Juha M. Alatalo; Heather Alexander; Alba Anadon‐Rosell; Sandra Angers‐Blondin; Yang Bai; Gaurav Baruah; Mariska te Beest; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Motivation The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database ( www.try-db.org ) to be included in the next version release.

Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments - J. Adam Langley; Samantha K. Chapman; Kimberly J. La Pierre; Meghan Avolio; William D. Bowman; David S. Johnson; Forest Isbell; Kevin R. Wilcox; Bryan L. Foster; Mark J. Hovenden; Alan K. Knapp; Sally E. Koerner; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2018)
The responses of species to environmental changes will determine future community composition and ecosystem function. Many syntheses of global change experiments examine the magnitude of treatment effect sizes, but we lack an understanding of how plant responses to treatments compare to ongoing changes in the unmanipulated (ambient or background) system. We used a database of long‐term global change studies manipulating CO 2 , nutrients, water, and temperature to answer three questions: (a) How do changes in plant species abundance in ambient plots relate to those in treated plots? (b) How does the magnitude of ambient change in species‐level abundance over time relate to responsiveness to global change treatments? (c) Does the direction of species‐level responses to global change treatments differ from the direction of ambient change? We estimated temporal trends in plant abundance for 791 plant species in ambient and treated plots across 16 long‐term global change experiments yielding 2,116 experiment–species–treatment combinations. Surprisingly, for most species (57%) the magnitude of ambient change was greater than the magnitude of treatment effects. However, the direction of ambient change, whether a species was increasing or decreasing in abundance under ambient conditions, had no bearing on the direction of treatment effects. Although ambient communities are inherently dynamic, there is now widespread evidence that anthropogenic drivers are directionally altering plant communities in many ecosystems. Thus, global change treatment effects must be interpreted in the context of plant species trajectories that are likely driven by ongoing environmental changes.

Ten‐year assessment of the 100 priority questions for global biodiversity conservation - Tommaso Jucker; Bonnie Wintle; Gorm Shackelford; Pierre Bocquillon; Jan Laurens Geffert; Tim Kasoar; Eszter Kovacs; Hannah S. Mumby; Chloé Orland; Judith Schleicher; Eleanor R. Tew; Aiora Zabala; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2018)
In 2008, a group of conservation scientists compiled a list of 100 priority questions for the conservation of the world's biodiversity. However, now almost a decade later, no one has yet published a study gauging how much progress has been made in addressing these 100 high‐priority questions in the peer‐reviewed literature. We took a first step toward reexamining the 100 questions to identify key knowledge gaps that remain. Through a combination of a questionnaire and a literature review, we evaluated each question on the basis of 2 criteria: relevance and effort. We defined highly relevant questions as those that – if answered – would have the greatest impact on global biodiversity conservation and quantified effort based on the number of review publications addressing a particular question, which we used as a proxy for research effort. Using this approach, we identified a set of questions that, despite being perceived as highly relevant, have been the focus of relatively few review publications over the past 10 years. These questions covered a broad range of topics but predominantly tackled 3 major themes: conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems, role of societal structures in shaping interactions between people and the environment, and impacts of conservation interventions. We believe these questions represent important knowledge gaps that have received insufficient attention and may need to be prioritized in future research.

Plant core DNA barcode performance at a local scale: identification of the conifers of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico - Sergio Hernández-León; Damon P. Little; Otilio Acevedo-Sandoval; David S. Gernandt; Rodrigo Rodríguez-Laguna; Mariana Saucedo-García; Oscar Arce-Cervantes; Ramón Razo-Zárate; Josefa Espitia-López (Systematics and Biodiversity, 2018)

Validation of satellite and model aerosol optical depth and precipitable water vapour observations with AERONET data over Pune, India - K. Vijayakumar; P. C. S. Devara; David M. Giles; Brent N. Holben; S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao; C. K. Jayasankar (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2018)

Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Agricultural Streams in East-Central Illinois - Morgan P. Davis; Mark B. David (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2018)

Probability discounting of treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis: associations with disease knowledge, neuropsychiatric status, and adherence - Jared M. Bruce; Amanda S. Bruce; Sharon Lynch; Joanie Thelen; Seung-Lark Lim; Julia Smith; Delwyn Catley; Derek D. Reed; David P. Jarmolowicz (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Morphine as a treatment of cancer-induced pain—is it safe? A review of in vivo studies and mechanisms - David Brinkman; Jiang H. Wang; Henry P. Redmond (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2018)

Windbreak Efficiency in Agricultural Landscape of the Central Europe: Multiple Approaches to Wind Erosion Control - Zdeněk Vacek; David Řeháček; Jan Cukor; Stanislav Vacek; Tomáš Khel; Ram P. Sharma; Josef Kučera; Jan Král; Vladimír Papaj (Environmental Management, 2018)

Potential impacts of climate change on storage conditions for commercial agriculture: an example for potato production in Michigan - Julie A. Winkler; Logan Soldo; Ying Tang; Todd Forbush; David S. Douches; Chris M. Long; Courtney P. Leisner; C. Robin Buell (Climatic Change, 2018)

Role of winter severity on juvenile Bighead Carp and Silver Carp growth and survival across latitudes - David P. Coulter; Elizabeth P. Tristano; Alison A. Coulter; Justin R. Seibert; James E. Garvey (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Multistate models of bigheaded carps in the Illinois River reveal spatial dynamics of invasive species - Alison A. Coulter; Marybeth K. Brey; Matthew Lubejko; Jahn L. Kallis; David P. Coulter; David C. Glover; Gregory W. Whitledge; James E. Garvey (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Correction to: A Semi-passive Planar Manipulandum for Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation - Chih-Kang Chang; Edward P. Washabaugh; Andrew Gwozdziowski; C. David Remy; Chandramouli Krishnan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2018)

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes - R. Iestyn Woolway; Piet Verburg; John D. Lenters; Christopher J. Merchant; David P. Hamilton; Justin Brookes; Elvira de Eyto; Sean Kelly; Nathan C. Healey; Simon Hook; Alo Laas; Don Pierson; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2018)
Heat fluxes at the lake surface play an integral part in determining the energy budget and thermal structure in lakes, including regulating how lakes respond to climate change. We explore patterns in turbulent heat fluxes, which vary across temporal and spatial scales, using in situ high‐frequency monitoring data from 45 globally distributed lakes. Our analysis demonstrates that some of the lakes studied follow a marked seasonal cycle in their turbulent surface fluxes and that turbulent heat loss is highest in larger lakes and those situated at low latitude. The Bowen ratio, which is the ratio of mean sensible to mean latent heat fluxes, is smaller at low latitudes and, in turn, the relative contribution of evaporative to total turbulent heat loss increases toward the tropics. Latent heat transfer ranged from ~ 60% to > 90% of total turbulent heat loss in the examined lakes. The Bowen ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 and correlated significantly with latitude. The relative contributions to total turbulent heat loss therefore differ among lakes, and these contributions are influenced greatly by lake location. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of lakes in the climate system, effects on the lake water balance, and temperature‐dependent processes in lakes.

Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 - Jon Robson; Rowan T. Sutton; Alex Archibald; Fenwick Cooper; Matthew Christensen; Lesley J. Gray; N. Penny Holliday; Claire Macintosh; Malcolm McMillan; Ben Moat; Maria Russo; Rachel Tilling; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2018)
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in the future. To this end, this article characterizes the recent observed changes in the North Atlantic region, especially in the period 2005–2016, across many different aspects of the system including: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric composition; clouds and aerosols; ocean circulation and properties; and the cryosphere. Recent changes include: an increase in the speed of the North Atlantic jet stream in winter; a southward shift in the North Atlantic jet stream in summer, associated with a weakening summer North Atlantic Oscillation; increases in ozone and methane; increases in net absorbed radiation in the mid‐latitude western Atlantic, linked to an increase in the abundance of high level clouds and a reduction in low level clouds; cooling of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, concomitant with increases in the western subtropical gyre, and a decline in the Atlantic Ocean's overturning circulation; a decline in Atlantic sector Arctic sea ice and rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. There are many interactions between these changes, but these interactions are poorly understood. This article concludes by highlighting some of the key outstanding questions.

Pan‐tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees - Jean‐François Bastin; Ervan Rutishauser; James R. Kellner; Sassan Saatchi; Raphael Pélissier; Bruno Hérault; Ferry Slik; Jan Bogaert; Charles De Cannière; Andrew R. Marshall; John Poulsen; Patricia Alvarez‐Loyayza; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2018)
Aim Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan‐tropical model to predict plot‐level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location Pan‐tropical. Time period Early 21st century. Major taxa studied Woody plants. Methods Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the i th largest trees. Results Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot‐ and site‐level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium‐sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate‐diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change.

Troubled waters: Threats and extinction risk of the sharks, rays and chimaeras of the Arabian Sea and adjacent waters - Rima W. Jabado; Peter M. Kyne; Riley A. Pollom; David A. Ebert; Colin A. Simpfendorfer; Gina M. Ralph; Shaikha S. Al Dhaheri; K. V. Akhilesh; Khadeeja Ali; Mohamud Hassan Ali; Tariq M. S. Al Mamari; K. K. Bineesh; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2018)
The extinction risk of sharks, rays and chimaeras is higher than that for most other vertebrates due to low intrinsic population growth rates of many species and the fishing intensity they face. The Arabian Sea and adjacent waters border some of the most important chondrichthyan fishing and trading nations globally, yet there has been no previous attempt to assess the conservation status of species occurring here. Using IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria and their guidelines for application at the regional level, we present the first assessment of extinction risk for 153 species of sharks, rays and chimaeras. Results indicate that this region, home to 15% of described chondrichthyans including 30 endemic species, has some of the most threatened chondrichthyan populations in the world. Seventy‐eight species (50.9%) were assessed as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable), and 27 species (17.6%) as Near Threatened. Twenty‐nine species (19%) were Data Deficient with insufficient information to assess their status. Chondrichthyan populations have significantly declined due to largely uncontrolled and unregulated fisheries combined with habitat degradation. Further, there is limited political will and national and regional capacities to assess, manage, conserve or rebuild stocks. Outside the few deepsea locations that are lightly exploited, the prognosis for the recovery of most species is poor in the near‐absence of management. Concerted national and regional management measures are urgently needed to ensure extinctions are avoided, the sustainability of more productive species is secured, and to avoid the continued thinning of the regional food security portfolio.

Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood - Paul Daly; Sara Casado López; Mao Peng; Christopher S. Lancefield; Samuel O. Purvine; Young‐Mo Kim; Erika M. Zink; Alice Dohnalkova; Vasanth R. Singan; Anna Lipzen; David Dilworth; Mei Wang; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary White‐rot fungi, such as Dichomitus squalens , degrade all wood components and inhabit mixed‐wood forests containing both soft‐ and hardwood species. In this study, we evaluated how D. squalens responded to the compositional differences in softwood [guaiacyl (G) lignin and higher mannan content] and hardwood [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin and higher xylan content] using semi‐natural solid cultures. Spruce (softwood) and birch (hardwood) sticks were degraded by D. squalens as measured by oxidation of the lignins using 2D‐NMR. The fungal response as measured by transcriptomics, proteomics and enzyme activities showed a partial tailoring to wood composition. Mannanolytic transcripts and proteins were more abundant in spruce cultures, while a proportionally higher xylanolytic activity was detected in birch cultures. Both wood types induced manganese peroxidases to a much higher level than laccases, but higher transcript and protein levels of the manganese peroxidases were observed on the G‐lignin rich spruce. Overall, the molecular responses demonstrated a stronger adaptation to the spruce rather than birch composition, possibly because D. squalens is mainly found degrading softwoods in nature, which supports the ability of the solid wood cultures to reflect the natural environment.

The ecohydrological context of drought and classification of plant responses - Xue Feng; David D. Ackerly; Todd E. Dawson; Stefano Manzoni; Rob P. Skelton; Giulia Vico; Sally E. Thompson (Ecology Letters, 2018)
Many recent studies on drought‐induced vegetation mortality have explored how plant functional traits, and classifications of such traits along axes of, for example, isohydry–anisohydry, might contribute to predicting drought survival and recovery. As these studies proliferate, the consistency and predictive value of such classifications need to be carefully examined. Here, we outline the basis for a systematic classification of plant drought responses that accounts for both environmental conditions and functional traits. We use non‐dimensional analysis to integrate plant traits and metrics of environmental variation into groups that can be associated with alternative drought stress pathways (hydraulic failure and carbon limitation), and demonstrate that these groupings predict physiological drought outcomes using both synthetic and measured data. In doing so, we aim to untangle some confounding effects of environment and trait variations that undermine current classification schemes, advocate for more careful treatment of the environmental context within which plants experience and respond to drought, and outline a pathway towards a general classification of drought vulnerability.

Insect pollination is at least as important for marketable crop yield as plant quality in a seed crop - Thijs P. M. Fijen; Jeroen A. Scheper; Timo M. Boom; Nicole Janssen; Ivo Raemakers; David Kleijn (Ecology Letters, 2018)
The sustainability of agriculture can be improved by integrating management of ecosystem services, such as insect pollination, into farming practices. However, large‐scale adoption of ecosystem services‐based practices in agriculture is lacking, possibly because growers undervalue the benefits of ecosystem services compared to those of conventional management practices. Here we show that, under representative real‐world conditions, pollination and plant quality made similar contributions to marketable seed yield of hybrid leek ( Allium porrum ). Relative to the median, a 25% improvement of plant quality and pollination increased crop value by an estimated $18 007 and $17 174 ha −1 respectively. Across five crop lines, bumblebees delivered most pollination services, while other wild pollinator groups made less frequent but nevertheless substantial contributions. Honeybees actively managed for pollination services did not make significant contributions. Our results show that wild pollinators are an undervalued agricultural input and managing for enhancing pollinators makes sense economically in high‐revenue insect‐pollinated cropping systems.

Abundance and Distribution of the Potentially Toxic Thecate Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii (Dinophyceae) in the Central Mexican Pacific, Using the Quantitative PCR Method - David U. Hernández-Becerril; Winnie L. S. Lau; Kieng S. Hii; Chui P. Leaw; F. Varona-Cordero; Po T. Lim (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Gross primary productivity of a large metropolitan region in midsummer using high spatial resolution satellite imagery - David L. Miller; Dar A. Roberts; Keith C. Clarke; Yang Lin; Olaf Menzer; Emily B. Peters; Joseph P. McFadden (Urban Ecosystems, 2018)

Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of social anxiety following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure - Carol A. Dannenhoffer; Esther U. Kim; Jessica Saalfield; David F. Werner; Elena I. Varlinskaya; Linda P. Spear (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Assessment of pioglitazone and proinflammatory cytokines during buprenorphine taper in patients with opioid use disorder - Jennifer R. Schroeder; Karran A. Phillips; David H. Epstein; Michelle L. Jobes; Melody A. Furnari; Ashley P. Kennedy; Markus Heilig; Kenzie L. Preston (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Root and mycorrhizal fungal foraging responses to fruit removal in apple trees - Emily K. Lavely; Jianghong Zhang; Thomas S. Adams; David R. Bryla; Jared L. DeForest; Richard P. Marini; Robert Crassweller; David M. Eissenstat (Plant and Soil, 2018)

Flooding and prolonged drought have differential legacy impacts on soil nitrogen cycling, microbial communities and plant productivity - Linh T. T. Nguyen; Yui Osanai; Ian C. Anderson; Michael P. Bange; David T. Tissue; Brajesh K. Singh (Plant and Soil, 2018)

The nocebo effect and patient perceptions of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease - David Pineles; Lisa Malter; Peter S. Liang; Amy Arsuaga; Brian Bosworth; David P. Hudesman; Shannon Chang (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018)

Towards Alternative Approaches for Coupling of a Soft Robotic Sleeve to the Heart - Markus A. Horvath; Claudia E. Varela; Eimear B. Dolan; William Whyte; David S. Monahan; Christopher J. Payne; Isaac A. Wamala; Nikolay V. Vasilyev; Frank A. Pigula; David J. Mooney; Conor J. Walsh; Garry P. Duffy; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2018)

Local adaptation reduces the metabolic cost of environmental warming - Emma R. Moffett; David C. Fryxell; Eric P. Palkovacs; Michael T. Kinnison; Kevin S. Simon (Ecology, 2018)
Metabolism shapes the ecosystem role of organisms by dictating their energy demand and nutrient recycling potential. Metabolic theory ( MTE ) predicts consumer metabolic and recycling rates will rise with warming, especially if body size declines, but it ignores potential for adaptation. We measured metabolic and nutrient excretion rates of individuals from populations of a globally invasive fish that colonized sites spanning a wide temperature range (19–37°C) on two continents within the last 100 yr. Fish body size declined across our temperature gradient and MTE predicted large rises in population energy demand and nutrient recycling. However, we found that the allometry and temperature dependency of metabolism varied in a countergradient pattern with local temperature in a way that offset predictions of MTE . Scaling of nutrient excretion was more variable and did not track temperature. Our results suggest that adaptation can reduce the metabolic cost of warming, increasing the prospects for population persistence under extreme warming scenarios.

Quantifying species recovery and conservation success to develop an IUCN Green List of Species - H. Resit Akçakaya; Elizabeth L. Bennett; Thomas M. Brooks; Molly K. Grace; Anna Heath; Simon Hedges; Craig Hilton‐Taylor; Michael Hoffmann; David A. Keith; Barney Long; David P. Mallon; Erik Meijaard; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2018)
Stopping declines in biodiversity is critically important, but it is only a first step toward achieving more ambitious conservation goals. The absence of an objective and practical definition of species recovery that is applicable across taxonomic groups leads to inconsistent targets in recovery plans and frustrates reporting and maximization of conservation impact. We devised a framework for comprehensively assessing species recovery and conservation success. We propose a definition of a fully recovered species that emphasizes viability, ecological functionality, and representation; and use counterfactual approaches to quantify degree of recovery. This allowed us to calculate a set of 4 conservation metrics that demonstrate impacts of conservation efforts to date (conservation legacy); identify dependence of a species on conservation actions (conservation dependence); quantify expected gains resulting from conservation action in the medium term (conservation gain); and specify requirements to achieve maximum plausible recovery over the long term (recovery potential). These metrics can incentivize the establishment and achievement of ambitious conservation targets. We illustrate their use by applying the framework to a vertebrate, an invertebrate, and a woody and an herbaceous plant. Our approach is a preliminary framework for an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Green List of Species, which was mandated by a resolution of IUCN members in 2012. Although there are several challenges in applying our proposed framework to a wide range of species, we believe its further development, implementation, and integration with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species will help catalyze a positive and ambitious vision for conservation that will drive sustained conservation action.

Effects of urbanization on the population structure of freshwater turtles across the United States - David R. Bowne; Bradley J. Cosentino; Laurel J. Anderson; Christopher P. Bloch; Sandra Cooke; Patrick W. Crumrine; Jason Dallas; Alexandra Doran; Jerald J. Dosch; Daniel L. Druckenbrod; Richard D. Durtsche; Danielle Garneau; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2018)
Landscape‐scale alterations that accompany urbanization may negatively affect the population structure of wildlife species such as freshwater turtles. Changes to nesting sites and higher mortality rates due to vehicular collisions and increased predator populations may particularly affect immature turtles and mature female turtles. We hypothesized that the proportions of adult female and immature turtles in a population will negatively correlate with landscape urbanization. As a collaborative effort of the Ecological Research as Education Network (EREN), we sampled freshwater turtle populations in 11 states across the central and eastern United States. Contrary to expectations, we found a significant positive relationship between proportions of mature female painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) and urbanization. We did not detect a relationship between urbanization and proportions of immature turtles. Urbanization may alter the thermal environment of nesting sites such that more females are produced as urbanization increases. Our approach of creating a collaborative network of scientists and students at undergraduate institutions proved valuable in terms of testing our hypothesis over a large spatial scale while also allowing students to gain hands‐on experience in conservation science.

Annual Monitoring of US Timber Production: Rationale and Design - John W Coulston; James A Westfall; David N Wear; Christopher B Edgar; Steven P Prisley; Thomas B Treiman; Robert C Abt; W Brad Smith (Forest Science, 2018)

Multiparametric analysis of diversity in Botrytis cinerea isolates from Israel - Dhruv Aditya Srivastava; Mariana Yakubov; Reut Feldbaum; Nimrod Tish; Hagit Shoyhet; Ekaterina Manasherova; Eswari P. J. Pandaranayaka; Dalia Rav-David; Yigal Elad; Arye Harel (Phytoparasitica, 2018)

Factors affecting field performance of pheromone traps for tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, and tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella - Christos Athanassiou; Daniel P. Bray; David R. Hall; Charles Phillips; Thomas N. Vassilakos (Journal of Pest Science, 2018)

Land Use and Salinity Drive Changes in SAV Abundance and Community Composition - Christopher J. Patrick; Donald E. Weller; Robert J. Orth; David J. Wilcox; Michael P. Hannam (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)
Conserving and restoring submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are key management goals for estuaries worldwide because SAV integrates many aspects of water quality and provides a wide range of ecosystem services. Management strategies are typically focused on aggregated abundance of several SAV species, because species cannot be easily distinguished in remotely sensed data. Human land use and shoreline alteration have been shown to negatively impact SAV abundance, but the effects have varied with study, spatial scale, and location. The differences in reported effects may be partly due to the focus on abundance, which overlooks within-community and among-community dynamics that generate total SAV abundance. We analyzed long-term SAV aerial survey data (1984–2009) and ground observations of community composition (1984–2012) in subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay to integrate variations in abundance with differences in community composition. We identified five communities (mixed freshwater, milfoil- Zannichellia , mixed mesohaline, Zannichellia , and Ruppia-Zostera ). Temporal variations in SAV abundance were more strongly related to community identity than to terrestrial stressors, and responses to stressors differed among communities and among species. In one fifth of the subestuaries, the community identity changed during the study, and the probability of such a change was positively related to the prevalence of riprapped shoreline in the subestuary. Mixed freshwater communities had the highest rates of recovery, and this may have been driven by Hydrilla verticillata , which was the single best predictor of SAV recovery rate. Additional species-specific and community-specific research will likely yield better understanding of the factors affecting community identity and SAV abundance, more accurate predictive models, and more effective management strategies.

Engineering meets institutions: an interdisciplinary approach to the management of resilience - Nader Naderpajouh; David J. Yu; Daniel P. Aldrich; Igor Linkov; Juri Matinheikki (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2018)

Efficient Computational Modeling of Human Ventricular Activation and Its Electrocardiographic Representation: A Sensitivity Study - Jonathan P. Cranford; Thomas J. O’Hara; Christopher T. Villongco; Omar M. Hafez; Robert C. Blake; Joseph Loscalzo; Jean-Luc Fattebert; David F. Richards; Xiaohua Zhang; James N. Glosli; Andrew D. McCulloch; David E. Krummen; et al. (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2018)

Characterization of esterase activity from an Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans enzyme with high structural stability in extreme conditions - Patricia S. Kumagai; Raissa F. Gutierrez; Jose L. S. Lopes; Julia M. Martins; David M. Jameson; Aline M. Castro; Luiz F. Martins; Ricardo DeMarco; Nelma R. S. Bossolan; B. A. Wallace; Ana P. U. Araujo (Extremophiles, 2018)

The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Removal on the Carbon Cycle - David P. Keller; Andrew Lenton; Emma W. Littleton; Andreas Oschlies; Vivian Scott; Naomi E. Vaughan (Current Climate Change Reports, 2018)

Environmental DNA detection of aquatic invasive plants in lab mesocosm and natural field conditions - Crysta A. Gantz; Mark A. Renshaw; Daniel Erickson; David M. Lodge; Scott P. Egan (Biological Invasions, 2018)

Geographical CO 2 sensitivity of phytoplankton correlates with ocean buffer capacity - Sophie Richier; Eric P. Achterberg; Matthew P. Humphreys; Alex J. Poulton; David J. Suggett; Toby Tyrrell; Christopher Mark Moore (Global Change Biology, 2018)
Accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 is significantly altering ocean chemistry. A range of biological impacts resulting from this oceanic CO 2 accumulation are emerging, however, the mechanisms responsible for observed differential susceptibility between organisms and across environmental settings remain obscure. A primary consequence of increased oceanic CO 2 uptake is a decrease in the carbonate system buffer capacity, which characterizes the system's chemical resilience to changes in CO 2 , generating the potential for enhanced variability in p CO 2 and the concentration of carbonate [ ], bicarbonate [ ], and protons [H + ] in the future ocean. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 17 shipboard manipulation experiments performed across three distinct geographical regions that encompassed a wide range of environmental conditions from European temperate seas to Arctic and Southern oceans. These data demonstrated a correlation between the magnitude of natural phytoplankton community biological responses to short‐term CO 2 changes and variability in the local buffer capacity across ocean basin scales. Specifically, short‐term suppression of small phytoplankton ( p CO 2 within experiments performed in regions with higher ambient buffer capacity. The results further highlight the relevance of phytoplankton cell size for the impacts of enhanced p CO 2 in both the modern and future ocean. Specifically, cell size‐related acclimation and adaptation to regional environmental variability, as characterized by buffer capacity, likely influences interactions between primary producers and carbonate chemistry over a range of spatio‐temporal scales.

Remotely sensed canopy nitrogen correlates with nitrous oxide emissions in a lowland tropical rainforest - Fiona M. Soper; Benjamin W. Sullivan; Megan K. Nasto; Brooke B. Osborne; David Bru; Christopher S. Balzotti; Phillip G. Taylor; Gregory P. Asner; Alan R. Townsend; Laurent Philippot; Stephen Porder; Cory C. Cleveland (Ecology, 2018)
Tropical forests exhibit significant heterogeneity in plant functional and chemical traits that may contribute to spatial patterns of key soil biogeochemical processes, such as carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. Although tropical forests are the largest ecosystem source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), drivers of spatial patterns within forests are poorly resolved. Here, we show that local variation in canopy foliar N, mapped by remote‐sensing image spectroscopy, correlates with patterns of soil N 2 O emission from a lowland tropical rainforest. We identified ten 0.25 ha plots (assemblages of 40–70 individual trees) in which average remotely‐sensed canopy N fell above or below the regional mean. The plots were located on a single minimally‐dissected terrace ( 2 ) where soil type, vegetation structure and climatic conditions were relatively constant. We measured N 2 O fluxes monthly for 1 yr and found that high canopy N species assemblages had on average three‐fold higher total mean N 2 O fluxes than nearby lower canopy N areas. These differences are consistent with strong differences in litter stoichiometry, nitrification rates and soil nitrate concentrations. Canopy N status was also associated with microbial community characteristics: lower canopy N plots had two‐fold greater soil fungal to bacterial ratios and a significantly lower abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, although genes associated with denitrification ( nirS, nirK, nosZ ) showed no relationship with N 2 O flux. Overall, landscape emissions from this ecosystem are at the lowest end of the spectrum reported for tropical forests, consist with multiple metrics indicating that these highly productive forests retain N tightly and have low plant‐available losses. These data point to connections between canopy and soil processes that have largely been overlooked as a driver of denitrification. Defining relationships between remotely‐sensed plant traits and soil processes offers the chance to map these processes at large scales, potentially increasing our ability to predict N 2 O emissions in heterogeneous landscapes.

Bidirectional backcrosses between wild and cultivated lettuce identify loci involved in nonhost resistance to downy mildew - Anne K. J. Giesbers; Erik den Boer; David N. J. Braspenning; Thijs P. H. Bouten; Johan W. Specken; Martijn P. W. van Kaauwen; Richard G. F. Visser; Rients E. Niks; Marieke J. W. Jeuken (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018)

LCA capability roadmap—product system model description and revision - Brandon Kuczenski; Antonino Marvuglia; Miguel F. Astudillo; Wesley W. Ingwersen; M. Barclay Satterfield; David P. Evers; Christoph Koffler; Tomás Navarrete; Ben Amor; Lise Laurin (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2018)

Reinforcing effects of opioid/cannabinoid mixtures in rhesus monkeys responding under a food/drug choice procedure - David R. Maguire; Charles P. France (Psychopharmacology, 2018)

Publisher Correction to: Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome - Isabel C. Barrio; Elin Lindén; Mariska Te Beest; Johan Olofsson; Adrian Rocha; Eeva M. Soininen; Juha M. Alatalo; Tommi Andersson; Ashley Asmus; Julia Boike; Kari Anne Bråthen; John P. Bryant; et al. (Polar Biology, 2018)

Assessing the interplay between canopy energy balance and photosynthesis with cellulose δ18O: large-scale patterns and independent ground-truthing - Brent R. Helliker; Xin Song; Michael L. Goulden; Kenneth Clark; Paul Bolstad; J. William Munger; Jiquan Chen; Asko Noormets; David Hollinger; Steve Wofsy; Timothy Martin; Dennis Baldocchi; et al. (Oecologia, 2018)

Inferring the source of evaporated waters using stable H and O isotopes - Gabriel J. Bowen; Annie Putman; J. Renée Brooks; David R. Bowling; Erik J. Oerter; Stephen P. Good (Oecologia, 2018)

Applying the principles of isotope analysis in plant and animal ecology to forensic science in the Americas - Lesley A. Chesson; Janet E. Barnette; Gabriel J. Bowen; J. Renée Brooks; John F. Casale; Thure E. Cerling; Craig S. Cook; Charles B. Douthitt; John D. Howa; Janet M. Hurley; Helen W. Kreuzer; Michael J. Lott; et al. (Oecologia, 2018)

Full mitochondrial genome sequences reveal new insights about post-glacial expansion and regional phylogeographic structure in the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) - Runyang Nicolas Lou; Nicholas K. Fletcher; Aryn P. Wilder; David O. Conover; Nina O. Therkildsen; Jeremy B. Searle (Marine Biology, 2018)

The role of mobile consumers in lake nutrient cycles: a brief review - Simon D. Stewart; David P. Hamilton; W. Troy Baisden; Piet Verburg; Ian C. Duggan (Hydrobiologia, 2018)

A novel high-throughput assay for respiration in isolated brain microvessels reveals impaired mitochondrial function in the aged mice - Venkata N. Sure; Siva S. V. P. Sakamuri; Jared A. Sperling; Wesley R. Evans; Ivan Merdzo; Ricardo Mostany; Walter L. Murfee; David W. Busija; Prasad V. G. Katakam (GeroScience, 2018)

A geospatial analysis of ecosystem engineer activity and its use during species reintroduction - Andrew P. Stringer; Duncan Blake; David R. Genney; Martin J. Gaywood (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2018)

Climate research priorities for policy-makers, practitioners, and scientists in Georgia, USA - Murray A. Rudd; Althea F. P. Moore; Daniel Rochberg; Lisa Bianchi-Fossati; Marilyn A. Brown; David D’Onofrio; Carrie A. Furman; Jairo Garcia; Ben Jordan; Jennifer Kline; L. Mark Risse; Patricia L. Yager; et al. (Environmental Management, 2018)

Breast cancer metastasis through the lympho-vascular system - S. David Nathanson; David Krag; Henry M. Kuerer; Lisa A. Newman; Markus Brown; Dontscho Kerjaschki; Ethel R. Pereira; Timothy P. Padera (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2018)

Risk of diabetes complications among those with diabetes receiving androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer - Marie C. Bradley; Yingjun Zhou; Andrew N. Freedman; Marianne Ulcickas Yood; Charles P. Quesenbery; Reina Haque; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden; Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow; David Aaronson; Arnold L. Potosky (Cancer Causes & Control, 2018)

Does intra-individual neurocognitive variability relate to neuroinvasive disease and quality of life in West Nile Virus? - David P. Sheppard; Steven Paul Woods; Rodrigo Hasbun; Lucrecia Salazar; Melissa S. Nolan; Kristy O. Murray (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2018)

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018 - Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Nidia G. Aréchiga Ceballos; Ashley C. Banyard; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Andrew J. Bennett; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Alexander Bukreyev; Yíngyún Caì; Charles H. Calisher; Cristine Campos Lawson; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2018)

Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska; Kari Alitalo; Elizabeth Allen; Andrey Anisimov; Alfred C. Aplin; Robert Auerbach; Hellmut G. Augustin; David O. Bates; Judy R. van Beijnum; R. Hugh F. Bender; Gabriele Bergers; Andreas Bikfalvi; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2018)

Genomes of ubiquitous marine and hypersaline Hydrogenovibrio , Thiomicrorhabdus and Thiomicrospira spp. encode a diversity of mechanisms to sustain chemolithoautotrophy in heterogeneous environments - Kathleen M. Scott; John Williams; Cody M. B. Porter; Sydney Russel; Tara L. Harmer; John H. Paul; Kirsten M. Antonen; Megan K. Bridges; Gary J. Camper; Christie K. Campla; Leila G. Casella; Eva Chase; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2018)
Summary Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from the genera Hydrogenovibrio, Thiomicrorhabdus and Thiomicrospira are common, sometimes dominant, isolates from sulfidic habitats including hydrothermal vents, soda and salt lakes and marine sediments. Their genome sequences confirm their membership in a deeply branching clade of the Gammaproteobacteria . Several adaptations to heterogeneous habitats are apparent. Their genomes include large numbers of genes for sensing and responding to their environment (EAL‐ and GGDEF‐domain proteins and methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins) despite their small sizes (2.1–3.1 Mbp). An array of sulfur‐oxidizing complexes are encoded, likely to facilitate these organisms' use of multiple forms of reduced sulfur as electron donors. Hydrogenase genes are present in some taxa, including group 1d and 2b hydrogenases in Hydrogenovibrio marinus and H. thermophilus MA2‐6, acquired via horizontal gene transfer. In addition to high‐affinity cbb 3 cytochrome c oxidase, some also encode cytochrome bd‐ type quinol oxidase or ba 3 ‐ type cytochrome c oxidase, which could facilitate growth under different oxygen tensions, or maintain redox balance. Carboxysome operons are present in most, with genes downstream encoding transporters from four evolutionarily distinct families, which may act with the carboxysomes to form CO 2 concentrating mechanisms. These adaptations to habitat variability likely contribute to the cosmopolitan distribution of these organisms.

The perpetual state of emergency that sacrifices protected areas in a changing climate - Dirac Twidwell; Carissa L. Wonkka; Christine H. Bielski; Craig R. Allen; David G. Angeler; Jacob Drozda; Ahjond S. Garmestani; Julia Johnson; Larkin A. Powell; Caleb P. Roberts (Conservation Biology, 2018)
A modern challenge for conservation biology is to assess the consequences of policies that adhere to assumptions of stationarity (e.g., historic norms) in an era of global environmental change. Such policies may result in unexpected and surprising levels of mitigation given future climate‐change trajectories, especially as agriculture looks to protected areas to buffer against production losses during periods of environmental extremes. We assessed the potential impact of climate‐change scenarios on the rates at which grasslands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) are authorized for emergency harvesting (i.e., biomass removal) for agricultural use, which can occur when precipitation for the previous 4 months is below 40% of the normal or historical mean precipitation for that 4‐month period. We developed and analyzed scenarios under the condition that policy will continue to operate under assumptions of stationarity, thereby authorizing emergency biomass harvesting solely as a function of precipitation departure from historic norms. Model projections showed the historical likelihood of authorizing emergency biomass harvesting in any given year in the northern Great Plains was 33.28% based on long‐term weather records. Emergency biomass harvesting became the norm (>50% of years) in the scenario that reflected continued increases in emissions and a decrease in growing‐season precipitation, and areas in the Great Plains with higher historical mean annual rainfall were disproportionately affected and were subject to a greater increase in emergency biomass removal. Emergency biomass harvesting decreased only in the scenario with rapid reductions in emissions. Our scenario‐impact analysis indicated that biomass from lands enrolled in the CRP would be used primarily as a buffer for agriculture in an era of climatic change unless policy guidelines are adapted or climate‐change projections significantly depart from the current consensus.

On the importance of soil moisture in calibration of rainfall–runoff models: two case studies - Mahshid Shahrban; Jeffrey P. Walker; Q. J. Wang; David E. Robertson (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2018)

The role of resveratrol on skeletal muscle cell differentiation and myotube hypertrophy during glucose restriction - Hannah F. Dugdale; David C. Hughes; Robert Allan; Colleen S. Deane; Christopher R. Coxon; James P. Morton; Claire E. Stewart; Adam P. Sharples (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2018)

Patient and provider perspectives on the development of personalized medicine: a mixed-methods approach - Lauren Puryear; Natalie Downs; Andrea Nevedal; Eleanor T. Lewis; Kelly E. Ormond; Maria Bregendahl; Carlos J. Suarez; Sean P. David; Steven Charlap; Isabella Chu; Steven M. Asch; Neda Pakdaman; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2018)

Left ventricular function and mechanics following prolonged endurance exercise: an update and meta-analysis with insights from novel techniques - Rachel N. Lord; Victor Utomi; David L. Oxborough; Bryony A. Curry; Megan Brown; Keith P. George (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2018)
Background The cardiac consequences of undertaking endurance exercise are the topic of recent debate. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on a growing body of literature, focusing on left ventricular (LV) function following prolonged endurance exercise over 2 h in duration which have employed novel techniques, including myocardial speckle tracking, to provide a more comprehensive global and regional assessment of LV mechanics. Methods Prospective studies were filtered independently following a pre-set criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 27 studies in the analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to determine the weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of LV functional and mechanical data from pre-to-post-exercise. Narrative commentary was also provided where volume of available evidence precluded meta-analysis. Results A significant overall reduction in LV longitudinal strain ( Ɛ ) n = 22 (− 18 ± 1 to − 17 ± 1%; effect size ( d ) − 9: − 1 to − 0.5%), strain rate n = 10 (SR; d − 0.9: − 0.1.3 to − 0.5 l/s) and twist n = 5 (11.9 ± 2.2 to 8.7 ± 2.2°, d − 1: − 1.6 to − 0.3°) was observed following strenuous endurance exercise (range 120–1740 min) ( P < 0.01). A smaller number of studies ( n = 4) also reported a non-significant reduction in global circumferential and radial Ɛ ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The meta-analysis and narrative commentary demonstrated that a reduction in LV function and mechanics is evident following prolonged endurance exercise. The mechanism(s) responsible for these changes are complex and likely multi-factorial in nature and may be linked to right and left ventricular interaction.

Development and first evaluation of a novel multiplex real-time PCR on whole blood samples for rapid pathogen identification in critically ill patients with sepsis - Kirsten van de Groep; Martine P. Bos; Paul H. M. Savelkoul; Anna Rubenjan; Christel Gazenbeek; Willem J. G. Melchers; Tom van der Poll; Nicole P. Juffermans; David S. Y. Ong; Marc J. M. Bonten; Olaf L. Cremer (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2018)

New decree promotes fish invasion in Amazon and Pantanal - Gustavo H. Zaia Alves; Raffael M. Tófoli; Hugo J. Message; Dilermando P. Lima-Júnior; David J. Hoeinghaus (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018)

A Semi-passive Planar Manipulandum for Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation - Chih-Kang Chang; Edward P. Washabaugh; Andrew Gwozdziowski; C. David Remy; Chandramouli Krishnan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2018)