Non-condensable gas in the refrigerant of air-source heat pumps: Interactions between detection features, charge level, and temperature - Yifeng Hu; David P. Yuill (International Journal of Refrigeration, 2023)

Co-designing a multi-criteria approach to ranking hazards to and from Australia’s emerging offshore blue economy - Mischa P. Turschwell; Christopher J. Brown; Myriam Lacharité; Jess Melbourne-Thomas; Keith R. Hayes; Rodrigo H. Bustamante; Jeffrey M. Dambacher; Karen Evans; Pedro Fidelman; Darla Hatton MacDonald; Ingrid Van Putten; Graham Wood; et al. (Environmental Science & Policy, 2023)

Generalizability of machine learning-based fault classification for residential air-conditioners - Yuxuan Chen; Amir Ebrahimifakhar; Yifeng Hu; David P. Yuill (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Technical and economic assessment of a hybrid heat pump system as an energy retrofit measure in a residential building - Mohammad Saffari; David Keogh; Mattia De Rosa; Donal P. Finn (Energy and Buildings, 2023)

Are greenspaces too green? Landscape preferences and water use in urban parks - Claire A. Doll; Michael P. Burton; David J. Pannell; Curtis L. Rollins (Ecological Economics, 2023)

Shakedown limit analysis of railway slab track foundations under train loading - Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly; Qiang Luo; Qingzhi Ye; Kaiwen Liu (Computers and Geotechnics, 2023)

Discrete element modelling of the effect of aspect ratio on compaction and shear behaviour of aggregates - Rui Lu; Qiang Luo; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly; Kaiwen Liu; Chunfa Zhao (Computers and Geotechnics, 2023)

Stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis and their relationship with leaf structure over an elevation gradient in two conifers - Jiemin Guo; Daniel P. Beverly; Brent E. Ewers; David G. Williams (Photosynthesis Research, 2023)

The metabolic fate of izencitinib, a gut-selective pan-JAK inhibitor, in humans. Identification of unusual fecal metabolites and implications for MIST evaluation - Suresh Yeola; Ilaria Badagnani; Xiaojun Huang; Nathanial L. Segraves; Miroslav Rapta; Marie T. Borin; Glenmar P. Obedencio; William L. Fitch; Thomas A. Baillie; David L. Bourdet (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2023)

The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA)—computational traits for the life sciences - Ray Stefancsik; James P. Balhoff; Meghan A. Balk; Robyn L. Ball; Susan M. Bello; Anita R. Caron; Elissa J. Chesler; Vinicius de Souza; Sarah Gehrke; Melissa Haendel; Laura W. Harris; Nomi L. Harris; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2023)
Existing phenotype ontologies were originally developed to represent phenotypes that manifest as a character state in relation to a wild-type or other reference. However, these do not include the phenotypic trait or attribute categories required for the annotation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mappings or any population-focussed measurable trait data. The integration of trait and biological attribute information with an ever increasing body of chemical, environmental and biological data greatly facilitates computational analyses and it is also highly relevant to biomedical and clinical applications. The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA) is a formalised, species-independent collection of interoperable phenotypic trait categories that is intended to fulfil a data integration role. OBA is a standardised representational framework for observable attributes that are characteristics of biological entities, organisms, or parts of organisms. OBA has a modular design which provides several benefits for users and data integrators, including an automated and meaningful classification of trait terms computed on the basis of logical inferences drawn from domain-specific ontologies for cells, anatomical and other relevant entities. The logical axioms in OBA also provide a previously missing bridge that can computationally link Mendelian phenotypes with GWAS and quantitative traits. The term components in OBA provide semantic links and enable knowledge and data integration across specialised research community boundaries, thereby breaking silos.

Temporal lobe evolution in extant and extinct Cercopithecoidea - Alannah Pearson; P. David Polly (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2023)
Changes to the environmental landscapes from the Eocene to Holocene have influenced the evolution of Cercopithecoidea from arboreal origins in wet, forested regions in the Early Oligocene Fayum to semi-terrestrial lifestyles in drier Neogene landscapes and social systems of larger group living. These eco-behavioural transitions likely accompanied changes in behaviour, brain function, and associated skull morphology. The temporal lobe of the brain, an association cortex, is in close proximity to the middle cranial fossa (MCF) allowing prediction of temporal lobe volume (TLV) and investigation of cerebral reorganisation. We used micro-computed tomography (µCT) cranial scans (n = 135) generated into 3D virtual crania with seven MCF metrics predicting TLV from a multiple regression of 11 extant anthropoid taxa. We studied eight extinct taxa Proteopithecus sylviae and Catopithecus browni from the Late Eocene, Early Oligocene Apidium phiomense , Parapithecus grangeri and Aegyptopithecus zeuxis , Middle Miocene Victoriapithecus macinnesi , Pliocene Dinopithecus ingens , Pleistocene Papio angusticeps , and extant cercopithecines Cercocebus atys, Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis . PGLS regressions examined relative TLV to brain size between extinct and extant taxa. We tested differences in slopes and intercepts between extinct and extant cercopithecoids with statistically significant differences in slopes but not the intercepts, with stem-anthropoids having relative smaller TLV for brain size compared to extant cercopithecoids. Potential drivers for temporal lobe evolution include paleoenvironmental shifts from Eocene tropical rainforests to Plio-Pleistocene savannas. Socio-behavioural implications include change from arboreal to semi-terrestrial lifestyles, higher visual acuity, larger group sizes and greater cognitive complexity.

A Spatial Model Comparing Above- and Belowground Blue Carbon Stocks in Southwest Florida Mangroves and Salt Marshes - Kara R. Radabaugh; Ryan P. Moyer; Amanda R. Chappel; Joshua L. Breithaupt; David Lagomasino; Emma E. Dontis; Christine E. Russo; Brad E. Rosenheim; Lisa G. Chambers; Elitsa I. Peneva-Reed; Joseph M. Smoak (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)

John Squire: a leader and seminal contributor to experimental and theoretical muscle research for over 50 years - Pradeep K. Luther; Edward P. Morris; David A.D. Parry; Kenneth A. Taylor (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2023)

Initial comparison of pollen counting methods using precipitation and ambient air samples and automated artificial intelligence to support national monitoring objectives - Gregory A. Wetherbee; David A. Gay; Eric R. Uram; Terri L. Williams; Andrew P. Johnson (Aerobiologia, 2023)

The 17th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate and 7th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere Meeting - Anastasia J. Tomanek; Matthew A. Lazzara; David E. Mikolajczyk; Taylor P. Norton; Isabella I. Onsi; David H. Bromwich; Mariana F. Litell (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2023)

Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode‐amphipod system - David M. Rand; Joaquin C. B. Nunez; Shawn Williams; Stephen Rong; John T. Burley; Kimberly B. Neil; Adam N. Spierer; Wilson McKerrow; David S. Johnson; Yevgeniy Raynes; Thomas J. Fayton; Nicholas Skvir; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host–parasite coevolution. The trematode ( Levinseniella byrdi ) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host ( Orchestia grillus ) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.

Climate change amplifies the risk of potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria - Kevin J. Erratt; Irena F. Creed; David A. Lobb; John P. Smol; Charles G. Trick (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Cyanobacterial blooms pose a significant threat to water security, with anthropogenic forcing being implicated as a key driver behind the recent upsurge and global expansion of cyanobacteria in modern times. The potential effects of land‐use alterations and climate change can lead to complicated, less‐predictable scenarios in cyanobacterial management, especially when forecasting cyanobacterial toxin risks. There is a growing need for further investigations into the specific stressors that stimulate cyanobacterial toxins, as well as resolving the uncertainty surrounding the historical or contemporary nature of cyanobacterial‐associated risks. To address this gap, we employed a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct cyanobacterial abundance and microcystin‐producing potential in temperate lakes situated along a human impact gradient. We identified breakpoints (i.e., points of abrupt change) in these time series and examined the impact of landscape and climatic properties on their occurrence. Our findings indicate that lakes subject to greater human influence exhibited an earlier onset of cyanobacterial biomass by 40 years compared to less‐impacted lakes, with land‐use change emerging as the dominant predictor. Moreover, microcystin‐producing potential increased in both high‐ and low‐impact lakes around the 1980s, with climate warming being the primary driver. Our findings chronicle the importance of climate change in increasing the risk of toxigenic cyanobacteria in freshwater resources.

Seasonality of reproduction in an ever‐wet lowland tropical forest in A mazonian E cuador - Nancy C. Garwood; Margaret R. Metz; Simon A. Queenborough; Viveca Persson; S. Joseph Wright; David F. R. P. Burslem; Milton Zambrano; Renato Valencia (Ecology, 2023)
Flowering and fruiting phenology have been infrequently studied in the ever‐wet hyperdiverse lowland forests of northwestern equatorial Amazonía. These Neotropical forests are typically called aseasonal with reference to climate because they are ever‐wet, and it is often assumed they are also aseasonal with respect to phenology. The physiological limits to plant reproduction imposed by water and light availability are difficult to disentangle in seasonal forests because these variables are often temporally correlated, and both are rarely studied together, challenging our understanding of their relative importance as drivers of reproduction. Here we report on the first long‐term study (18 years) of flowering and fruiting phenology in a diverse equatorial forest, Yasuní in eastern Ecuador, and the first to include a full suite of on‐site monthly climate data. Using twice monthly censuses of 200 traps and >1000 species, we determined whether reproduction at Yasuní is seasonal at the community and species levels and analyzed the relationships between environmental variables and phenology. We also tested the hypothesis that seasonality in phenology, if present, is driven primarily by irradiance. Both the community‐ and species‐level measures demonstrated strong reproductive seasonality at Yasuní. Flowering peaked in September–November and fruiting peaked in March–April, with a strong annual signal for both phenophases. Irradiance and rainfall were also highly seasonal, even though no month on average experienced drought (a month with

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Evidence of population-level impacts and resiliency for Gulf of Mexico shelf taxa following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill - William F. Patterson; Kelly Lynn Robinson; Beverly K. Barnett; Matthew D. Campbell; David C. Chagaris; Jeffrey P. Chanton; Kendra L. Daly; David S. Hanisko; Frank J. Hernandez; Steven A. Murawski; Adam G. Pollack; David S. Portnoy; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The goal of this paper was to review the evidence of population-level impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) on Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf taxa, as well as evidence of resiliency following the DWH. There is considerable environmental and biological evidence that GOM shelf taxa were exposed to and suffered direct and indirect impacts of the DWH. Numerous assessments, from mesocosm studies to analysis of biopsied tissue or tissue samples from necropsied animals, revealed a constellation of physiological effects related to DWH impacts on GOM biota, some of which clearly or likely resulted in mortality. While the estimated concentrations of hydrocarbons in shelf waters and sediments were orders of magnitude lower than measured in inshore or deep GOM environments, the level of mortality observed or predicted was substantial for many shelf taxa. In some cases, such as for zooplankton, community shifts following the spill were ephemeral, likely reflecting high rates of population turnover and productivity. In other taxa, such as GOM reef fishes, impacts of the spill are confounded with other stressors, such as fishing mortality or the appearance and rapid population growth of invasive lionfish ( Pterois spp.). In yet others, such as cetaceans, modeling efforts to predict population-level effects of the DWH made conservative assumptions given the species’ protected status, which post-DWH population assessments either failed to detect or population increases were estimated. A persistent theme that emerged was the lack of precise population-level data or assessments prior to the DWH for many taxa, but even when data or assessments did exist, examining evidence of population resiliency was confounded by other stressors impacting GOM biota. Unless efforts are made to increase the resolution of the data or precision of population assessments, difficulties will likely remain in estimating the scale of population-level effects or resiliency in the case of future large-scale environmental catastrophes.

A cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacterium isolated from a microbial mat in the Baltic Sea - Tânia Keiko Shishido; Endrews Delbaje; Matti Wahlsten; Inkeri Vuori; Jouni Jokela; Muriel Gugger; Marli F. Fiore; David P. Fewer (Toxicon, 2023)

Elucidating the relationship between PFOA and PFOS destruction, particle size and electron generation in amended media commonly found in soils - Lauren P. Turner; Bernard H. Kueper; David J. Patch; Kela P. Weber (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Development of soil health benchmarks for managed and semi-natural landscapes - Christopher J. Feeney; David A. Robinson; Aidan M. Keith; Audric Vigier; Laura Bentley; Richard P. Smith; Angus Garbutt; Lindsay C. Maskell; Lisa Norton; Claire M. Wood; B. Jack Cosby; Bridget A. Emmett (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Quantification of wetland vegetation communities features with airborne AVIRIS-NG, UAVSAR, and UAV LiDAR data in Peace-Athabasca Delta - Chao Wang; Tamlin M. Pavelsky; Ethan D. Kyzivat; Fenix Garcia-Tigreros; Erika Podest; Fangfang Yao; Xiao Yang; Shuai Zhang; Conghe Song; Theodore Langhorst; Wayana Dolan; Martin R. Kurek; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Acceptable intakes (AIs) for 11 small molecule N-nitrosamines (NAs) - Joel P. Bercu; Melisa Masuda-Herrera; Alejandra Trejo-Martin; Priyanka Sura; Robert Jolly; Michelle Kenyon; Rob Thomas; David J. Ponting; David Snodin; Gregor Tuschl; Stephanie Simon; Kathleen De Vlieger; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Paleogeography and high-precision geochronology of the Neoarchean Fortescue Group, Pilbara, Western Australia - Jennifer Kasbohm; Blair Schoene; Scott A. Maclennan; David A.D. Evans; Benjamin P. Weiss (Precambrian Research, 2023)

Contaminant containment for sustainable remediation of persistent contaminants in soil and groundwater - Lokesh P. Padhye; Prashant Srivastava; Tahereh Jasemizad; Shiv Bolan; Deyi Hou; Sabry M. Shaheen; Jörg Rinklebe; David O’Connor; Dane Lamb; Hailong Wang; Kadambot H.M. Siddique; Nanthi Bolan (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Experimental study of liquid line temperature drop as a fault feature for detecting severe liquid line restrictions in residential air conditioning systems - Yifeng Hu; Yuxuan Chen; David P. Yuill (International Journal of Refrigeration, 2023)

Corrigendum to “Human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for priority substances under the HBM4EU initiative – New values derivation for deltamethrin and cyfluthrin and overall results” [Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 248 (2023) 114097] - P. Apel; F. Lamkarkach; R. Lange; F. Sissoko; M. David; C. Rousselle; G. Schoeters; M. Kolossa-Gehring (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2023)

Reductive metabolism of azo dyes and drugs: Toxicological implications - P. David Josephy; Emma Allen-Vercoe (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023)

Who benefits most from a prenatal HEPA filter air cleaner intervention on childhood cognitive development? The UGAAR randomized controlled trial - Battsetseg Ulziikhuu; Enkhjargal Gombojav; Chimeglkham Banzrai; Sarangerel Batsukh; Enkhtuul Enkhtuya; Buyantushig Boldbaatar; David C. Bellinger; Bruce P. Lanphear; Lawrence C. McCandless; Pablo Nepomnaschy; Katrina Salvante; Joanne Weinberg; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Understanding drivers of mercury in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a top-predator fish in southwest Alaska's parklands - Krista K. Bartz; Michael P. Hannam; Tammy L. Wilson; Ryan F. Lepak; Jacob M. Ogorek; Daniel B. Young; Collin A. Eagles-Smith; David P. Krabbenhoft (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval - Xavier Delclòs; Enrique Peñalver; Eduardo Barrón; David Peris; David A. Grimaldi; Michael Holz; Conrad C. Labandeira; Erin E. Saupe; Christopher R. Scotese; Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer; Sergio Álvarez-Parra; Antonio Arillo; et al. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Valorization of beetle infected spruce to produce textile fibers and biofuels: Environmental sustainability evaluated by life cycle assessment - Kuntawit Witthayolankowit; Alessandro Marson; Kiran Reddy Baddigam; Daria Lebedeva; Manzoorahmed Shaikh; Anuja Kane; Deepika Gupta; Maria Ivarsson Wide; Aji P. Mathew; David Kubička; Alessandro Manzardo; Joseph S.M. Samec (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to? - Sabina Burrascano; Francesco Chianucci; Giovanni Trentanovi; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Tommaso Sitzia; Flóra Tinya; Inken Doerfler; Yoan Paillet; Thomas Andrew Nagel; Bozena Mitic; Lourdes Morillas; Silvana Munzi; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Stoichiometry Tracks Supply Ratio During 2-year Whole-Ecosystem Nutrient Additions - Nathan J. Tomczyk; Amy D. Rosemond; John S. Kominoski; David W. P. Manning; Jonathan P. Benstead; Vladislav Gulis; Steven A. Thomas; Erin R. Hotchkiss; Ashley M. Helton (Ecosystems, 2023)

Evaluation of approaches to recruitment of racially and ethnically diverse breast cancer patients from an integrated health care setting for collection of observational social network data - Candyce H. Kroenke; Elaine Kurtovich; Rhonda Aoki; Veronica C. Shim; Tracy D. Chan; Leslie Manace Brenman; Jane Bethard-Tracy; Alyce S. Adams; David P. Kennedy (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

Adaptive, multi-paddock, rotational grazing management alters foraging behavior and spatial grazing distribution of free-ranging cattle - David J. Augustine; Sean P. Kearney; Edward J. Raynor; Lauren M. Porensky; Justin D. Derner (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Towards monitoring stem growth phenology from space with high resolution satellite data - Jan U.H. Eitel; David Basler; Sabine Braun; Nina Buchmann; Petra D'Odorico; Sophia Etzold; Arthur Gessler; Kevin L. Griffin; Jan Krejza; Yunpeng Luo; Andrew J. Maguire; Mukund P. Rao; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2023)

The origins of marine fishes endemic to subtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific - André P. Samayoa; J. David Aguirre; Erwan Delrieu‐Trottin; Libby Liggins (Journal of Biogeography, 2023)
Aim Lineages colonizing subtropical oceanic islands often have to overcome geographical isolation and novel climate stressors to found new populations. Historical and ecological factors influence the success of colonization and subsequent diversification, leaving a signal in the genetic constitution of the diverged, range‐restricted taxa. Here, we examined the historical biogeography of endemic marine fishes to quantify the role of geographical proximity and climate differences in determining colonization, and the underlying mechanisms of speciation. Location Subtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific. Taxa Thirty endemic marine ray‐finned fishes from 17 genera. Methods Using parametric biogeographical history models, we estimated the ancestral geographical ranges for 144 species based on time‐calibrated phylogenies that included endemic species and their closest sister taxa, linking terminal nodes with geographical distribution classified into 14 biogeographical areas. Results Ancestral range estimations revealed most species originated in Australia (66%), while only 10% and 7% originated in northern tropical Pacific locations and the East Pacific respectively, with 17% of species‐range estimations being inconclusive. Vicariant events alone were identified as the most likely process shaping range evolution in 57% of the 14 best‐fitting models, dispersal alone was favoured for 14% of species and both processes had a role for the remaining 29% of species. Across all phylogenies, likelihood‐ratio tests confirmed that geographical distance and climatic differences constrained dispersal in 73% and 33% of species, respectively. Main Conclusions Marine fishes endemic to subtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific originated by vicariant and jump‐dispersal events mainly from ancestral populations in mainland Australia. Geographical distance and climatic differences are significant taxon‐specific factors influencing the dispersal of marine fishes in the region.

Environmental formation of methylmercury is controlled by synergy of inorganic mercury bioavailability and microbial mercury‐methylation capacity - Benjamin D. Peterson; David P. Krabbenhoft; Katherine D. McMahon; Jacob M. Ogorek; Michael T. Tate; William H. Orem; Brett A. Poulin (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Methylmercury (MeHg) production is controlled by the bioavailability of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg(II) i ) and Hg‐methylation capacity of the microbial community (conferred by the hgcAB gene cluster). However, the relative importance of these factors and their interaction in the environment remain poorly understood. Here, metagenomic sequencing and a full‐factorial MeHg formation experiment were conducted across a wetland sulfate gradient with different microbial communities and pore water chemistries. From this experiment, the relative importance of each factor on MeHg formation was isolated. Hg(II) i bioavailability correlated with the dissolved organic matter composition, while the microbial Hg‐methylation capacity correlated with the abundance of hgcA genes. MeHg formation responded synergistically to both factors. Notably, hgcA sequences were from diverse taxonomic groups, none of which contained genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction. This work expands our understanding of the geochemical and microbial constraints on MeHg formation in situ and provides an experimental framework for further mechanistic studies.

Nutrient and stoichiometric time series measurements of decomposing coarse detritus in freshwaters - Caleb J. Robbins; Beth C. Norman; Halvor M. Halvorson; David W. P. Manning; Elliot Bastias; Cristiane Biasi; Allyn K. Dodd; Rebecca A. Eckert; Alice Gossiaux; Jérémy Jabiol; Andrew S. Mehring; Ada Pastor (Ecology, 2023)
Decomposition of coarse detritus (e.g., dead organic matter larger than ~1 mm such as leaf litter or animal carcasses) in freshwater ecosystems is well described in terms of mass loss, particularly as rates that compress mass loss into one number (e.g., a first‐order decay coefficient, or breakdown rate, “ k ”); less described are temporal changes in the elemental composition of these materials during decomposition, with important implications for elemental cycling from microbes to ecosystems. This stands in contrast with work in the terrestrial realm, where a focus on detrital elemental cycling has provided a sharper mechanistic understanding of decomposition, especially with specific processes such as immobilization and mineralization. Notably, freshwater ecologists often measure carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), and their stoichiometric ratios in decomposing coarse materials, including carcasses, wood, leaf litter, and more, but these measurements remain piecemeal. These detrital nutrients are measurements of the entire detrital–microbial complex and are integrative of numerous processes, especially nutrient immobilization and mineralization, and associated microbial growth and death. Thus, data relevant to an elemental, mechanistically focused decomposition ecology are available in freshwaters, but have not been fully applied to that purpose. We synthesized published detrital nutrient and stoichiometry measurements at a global scale, yielding 4038 observations comprising 810 decomposition time series (i.e., measurements within a defined cohort of decomposing material through time) to build a basis for understanding the temporality of elemental content in freshwater detritus. Specifically, the dataset focuses on temporally and ontogenetically (mass loss) explicit measurements of N, P, and stoichiometry (C:N, C:P, N:P). We also collected ancillary data, including detrital characteristics (e.g., species, lignin content), water physiochemistry, geographic location, incubation system type, and methodological variables (e.g., bag mesh size). These measurements are important to unlocking mechanistic insights into detrital ontogeny (the temporal trajectory of decomposing materials) that can provide a deeper understanding of heterotroph‐driven C and nutrient cycling in freshwaters. Moreover, these data can help to bridge aquatic and terrestrial decomposition ecology, across plant or animal origin. By focusing on temporal trajectories of elements, this dataset facilitates cross‐ecosystem comparisons of fundamental decomposition controls on elemental fluxes. It provides a strong starting point (e.g., via modeling efforts) for comparing processes such as immobilization and mineralization that are understudied in freshwaters. Time series from decomposing leaf litter, particularly in streams, are common in the dataset, but we also synthesized ontogenies of animal‐based detritus, which tend to decompose rapidly compared with plant‐based detritus that contains high concentrations of structural compounds such as lignin and cellulose. Although animal‐based data were rare, comprising only three time series, their inclusion in this dataset underscores the opportunities to develop an understanding of decomposition that encompasses all detrital types, from carrion to leaf litter. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions on the dataset; please cite this data paper when reusing these materials.

Effects of forest fragmentation on avian breeding activity - Charles P. J. Coddington; W. Justin Cooper; David A. Luther (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Biodiversity declines and ecosystem decay follow forest fragmentation; initially, abundant species may become rare or be extirpated. Underlying mechanisms behind delayed extirpation of certain species following forest fragmentation are unknown. Species declines may be attributed to an inadequate number of breeding adults required to replace the population or decreased juvenile survival rate due to reduced recruitment or increased nest predation pressures. We used 10 years of avian banding data, 5 years before and 4 years after fragment isolation, from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, carried out near Manaus, Brazil, to investigate the breeding activity hypothesis that there is less breeding activity and fewer young after relative to before fragment isolation. We compared the capture rates of active breeding and young birds in 3 forest types (primary forest, fragment before isolation, and fragment after isolation) and the proportion of active breeding and young birds with all birds in each unique fragment type before and after isolation. We grouped all bird species by diet (insectivore or frugivore) and nesting strategy (open cup, cavity, or enclosed) to allow further comparisons among forest types. We found support for the breeding activity hypothesis in insectivorous and frugivorous birds (effect sizes 0.45 and 0.53, respectively) and in birds with open‐cup and enclosed nesting strategies (effect sizes 0.56 and 0.44, respectively) such that on average there were more breeding birds in fragments before isolation relative to after isolation. A larger proportion of birds in the community were actively breeding before fragment isolation (72%) than after fragment isolation (11%). Unexpectedly, there was no significant decrease in the number of young birds after fragment isolation, although sample sizes for young were small ( n = 43). This may have been due to sustained immigration of young birds to fragments after isolation. Together, our results provide some of the strongest evidence to date that avian breeding activity decreases in response to fragment isolation, which could be a fundamental mechanism contributing to ecosystem decay.

Association of reproductive traits with captive‐ versus wild‐sourced birds in trade - Oscar Morton; Brett R. Scheffers; Torbjørn Haugaasen; David P. Edwards (Conservation Biology, 2023)
The wildlife trade is a billion‐dollar global business, involving millions of people, thousands of species, and hundreds of millions of individual organisms. Unravelling whether trade targets reproductively distinct species and whether this preference varies between captive‐ and wild‐sourced species is a crucial question. We used a comprehensive list of all bird species traded, trade listings and records kept in compliance with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and a suite of avian reproductive parameters to examine whether wildlife trade is associated with particular facets of life history and to examine the association between life‐history traits and captive‐ and wild‐sourced traded volumes over time. Across all trade, CITES listing, and CITES trade, large birds were more likely to be traded and listed, but their longevity and age at maturity were not associated with CITES listing or trade. We found species across almost the full range of trait values in both captive and wild trade between 2000 and 2020. Captive trade volumes clearly associated with relatively longer lived and early‐maturing species; these associations remained stable and largely unchanged over time. Trait–volume associations in wild‐sourced trade were more uncertain. Only body mass had a clear association, and it varied from negative to positive over time. Although reproductive traits were important in captive‐sourced trade, species‐level variation dominated trade, with even congeneric species varying greatly in volume despite similar traits. The collection and incorporation of trait data into sustainability assessments of captive breeding facilities are crucial to ensure accurate quotas and guard against laundering.

KRILLPODYM: a mechanistic, spatially resolved model of Antarctic krill distribution and abundance - David B. Green; Olivier Titaud; Sophie Bestley; Stuart P. Corney; Mark A. Hindell; Rowan Trebilco; Anna Conchon; Patrick Lehodey (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Robust prediction of population responses to changing environments requires the integration of factors controlling population dynamics with processes affecting distribution. This is true everywhere but especially in polar pelagic environments. Biological cycles for many polar species are synchronised to extreme seasonality, while their distributions may be influenced by both the prevailing oceanic circulation and sea-ice distribution. Antarctic krill (krill, Euphausia superba ) is one such species exhibiting a complex life history that is finely tuned to the extreme seasonality of the Southern Ocean. Dependencies on the timing of optimal seasonal conditions have led to concerns over the effects of future climate on krill’s population status, particularly given the species’ important role within Southern Ocean ecosystems. Under a changing climate, established correlations between environment and species may breakdown. Developing the capacity for predicting krill responses to climate change therefore requires methods that can explicitly consider the interplay between life history, biological conditions, and transport. The Spatial Ecosystem And Population Dynamics Model (SEAPODYM) is one such framework that integrates population and general circulation modelling to simulate the spatial dynamics of key organisms. Here, we describe a modification to SEAPODYM, creating a novel model – KRILLPODYM – that generates spatially resolved estimates of krill biomass and demographics. This new model consists of three major components: (1) an age-structured population consisting of five key life stages, each with multiple age classes, which undergo age-dependent growth and mortality, (2) six key habitats that mediate the production of larvae and life stage survival, and (3) spatial dynamics driven by both the underlying circulation of ocean currents and advection of sea-ice. We present the first results of KRILLPODYM, using published deterministic functions of population processes and habitat suitability rules. Initialising from a non-informative uniform density across the Southern Ocean our model independently develops a circumpolar population distribution of krill that approximates observations. The model framework lends itself to applied experiments aimed at resolving key population parameters, life-stage specific habitat requirements, and dominant transport regimes, ultimately informing sustainable fishery management.

Railway ballast performance: Recent advances in the understanding of geometry, distribution and degradation - Can Shi; Zheng Fan; David P. Connolly; Guoqing Jing; Valeri Markine; Yunlong Guo (Transportation Geotechnics, 2023)

Jointed rock masses as metamaterials – Implications for railway tunnel vibrations - Harry Holmes; Chrysothemis Paraskevopoulou; Mark Hildyard; Krishna Neaupane; David P. Connolly (Transportation Geotechnics, 2023)

Bark beetle impacts on forest evapotranspiration and its partitioning - John F. Knowles; Nels R. Bjarke; Andrew M. Badger; Max Berkelhammer; Joel A. Biederman; Peter D. Blanken; Mario Bretfeld; Sean P. Burns; Brent E. Ewers; John M. Frank; Jeffrey A. Hicke; Leanne Lestak; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Palaeocene high-latitude leaf flora of Antarctica Part 2: Tooth-margined angiosperms - Anne-Marie P. Tosolini; David J. Cantrill; Vera A. Korasidis; Jane E. Francis (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2023)

Characterisation of the trans-membrane nucleoporins GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana - Patrick P. Collins; Ronan C. Broad; Krithika Yogeeswaran; Arvind Varsani; Anthony M. Poole; David A. Collings (Plant Science, 2023)

Clinical quality of information of primary pregnancy pharmacovigilance data sources – A ConcePTION project - Yrea R.J. van Rijt-Weetink; Jip van Gendt; Toine C.G. Egberts; Florence P.A.M. van Hunsel; David J. Lewis; Laura M. Yates; Ursula Winterfeld; Eugène P. van Puijenbroek (Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 2023)

Using valve gape analysis to compare sensitivity of native Mytilus edulis to invasive Magallana gigas when exposed to heavy metal contamination - David B. Kelleghan; Luke O'Callaghan; Freddie Huggard; Tasman P. Crowe; Paul R. Brooks (Marine Environmental Research, 2023)

A cross-regional examination of patterns and environmental drivers of Pseudo-nitzschia harmful algal blooms along the California coast - Marco Sandoval-Belmar; Jayme Smith; Allison R. Moreno; Clarissa Anderson; Raphael M. Kudela; Martha Sutula; Fayçal Kessouri; David A. Caron; Francisco P. Chavez; Daniele Bianchi (Harmful Algae, 2023)

Chronic sleep disturbance among adult Canadians: Associations and implications to the evaluation of noise impacts under Canada's Impact Assessment Act - David S. Michaud; Leonora Marro; Allison Denning; Shelley Shackleton; Nicolas Toutant; James P. McNamee (Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2023)

Surrogate-assisted uncertainty modeling of embankment settlement - Tengfei Wang; Weihang Chen; Taifeng Li; David P. Connolly; Qiang Luo; Kaiwen Liu; Wensheng Zhang (Computers and Geotechnics, 2023)

Reintroduction of at-risk forest tree species using biotechnology depends on regulatory policy, informed by science and with public support - Douglass F. Jacobs; R. Kasten Dumroese; Andrea N. Brennan; Faith T. Campbell; Anna O. Conrad; Jason A. Delborne; Sara Fitzsimmons; David Flores; Christian P. Giardina; Leigh Greenwood; Juan A. Martín; Scott A. Merkle; et al. (New Forests, 2023)
Introduced pests (insects and pathogens) have rapidly increased the numbers of at-risk native forest tree species worldwide. Some keystone species have been functionally extirpated, resulting in severe commercial and ecological losses. When efforts to exclude or mitigate pests have failed, researchers have sometimes applied biotechnology tools to incorporate pest resistance in at-risk species to enable their reintroduction. Often erroneously equated solely with genetic engineering, biotechnology also includes traditional and genome informed breeding—and may provide a holistic approach toward applying genomic-based information and interventions to increase tree species’ pest resistance. Traditional tree breeding is responsible for successes to date, but new technologies offer hope to increase the efficiency of such efforts. Remarkable recent progress has been made, and for some at-risk species, novel biotechnological advances put reintroduction within reach. The high costs of reintroduction of at-risk species at necessary scale, however, will initially limit the pursuit to a few species. Successful deployment of pest resistant material may require improved species-specific knowledge and should integrate into and leverage existing reforestation systems, but these operations are sometimes rare where pest threats are greatest. While use of some biotechnologies, such as traditional tree breeding, are commonplace, others such as genetic engineering are controversial and highly regulated, yet may be the only viable means of achieving reintroduction of some at-risk species. Efforts to modify policy toward allowing the use of appropriate biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, have lagged. Provided that risk-benefits are favorable, policy is likely to follow with public opinion; in some countries, society is now increasingly open to using available biotechnologies. Continued engagement using the most recent advances in social science to build public trust, combined with a science-based collaboration among land managers and regulators, will generate the collective momentum needed to motivate policymakers to act rapidly given the speed at which forest health threats unfold and the large areas they affect.

Successes in antiviral drug discovery: a tribute to Nick Meanwell - David P. Rotella (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2023)

Amide- and bis-amide-linked highly potent and broadly active antifungal agents for the treatment of invasive fungal infections- towards the discovery of pre-clinical development candidate FC12406 - Simon D. P. Baugh; Anna Chaly; Damian G. Weaver; David B. Whitman; Jeffrey C. Pelletier; Haiyan Bian; Katie B. Freeman; Allen B. Reitz; Richard W. Scott (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2023)

Electrical resistivity tomography revealing possible breaching mechanism of a Late Pleistocene long-lasted gigantic rockslide dam in Diexi, China - Lanxin Dai; Xuanmei Fan; Dan Wang; Fanyu Zhang; Ali P. Yunus; Srikrishnan Siva Subramanian; J. David Rogers; Hans-Balder Havenith (Landslides, 2023)

Proteomic profiling of retina and retinal pigment epithelium combined embryonic tissue to facilitate ocular disease gene discovery - Sandeep Aryal; Deepti Anand; Hongzhan Huang; Ashok P. Reddy; Phillip A. Wilmarth; Larry L. David; Salil A. Lachke (Human Genetics, 2023)

Rapidly Changing Range Limits in a Warming World: Critical Data Limitations and Knowledge Gaps for Advancing Understanding of Mangrove Range Dynamics in the Southeastern USA - Rémi Bardou; Michael J. Osland; Steven Scyphers; Christine Shepard; Karen E. Aerni; Jahson B. Alemu I; Robert Crimian; Richard H. Day; Nicholas M. Enwright; Laura C. Feher; Sarah L. Gibbs; Kiera O’Donnell; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and societal ramifications. Here, we synthesized existing data and expert knowledge to assess the distribution of mangroves near rapidly changing range limits in the southeastern USA. We used expert elicitation to identify data limitations and highlight knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of past, current, and future range dynamics. Mangroves near poleward range limits are often shorter, wider, and more shrublike compared to their tropical counterparts that grow as tall forests in freeze-free, resource-rich environments. The northern range limits of mangroves in the southeastern USA are particularly dynamic and climate sensitive due to abundance of suitable coastal wetland habitat and the exposure of mangroves to winter temperature extremes that are much colder than comparable range limits on other continents. Thus, there is need for methodological refinements and improved spatiotemporal data regarding changes in mangrove structure and abundance near northern range limits in the southeastern USA. Advancing understanding of rapidly changing range limits is critical for foundation plant species such as mangroves, as it provides a basis for anticipating and preparing for the cascading effects of climate-induced species redistribution on ecosystems and the human communities that depend on their ecosystem services.

Spatial and temporal variability in summertime dissolved carbon dioxide and methane in temperate ponds and shallow lakes - Nicholas E. Ray; Meredith A. Holgerson; Mikkel Rene Andersen; Jānis Bikše; Lauren E. Bortolotti; Martyn Futter; Ilga Kokorīte; Alan Law; Cory McDonald; Jorrit P. Mesman; Mike Peacock; David C. Richardson; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Small waterbodies have potentially high greenhouse gas emissions relative to their small footprint on the landscape, although there is high uncertainty in model estimates. Scaling their carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) exchange with the atmosphere remains challenging due to an incomplete understanding and characterization of spatial and temporal variability in CO 2 and CH 4 . Here, we measured partial pressures of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) and CH 4 ( p CH 4 ) across 30 ponds and shallow lakes during summer in temperate regions of Europe and North America. We sampled each waterbody in three locations at three times during the growing season, and tested which physical, chemical, and biological characteristics related to the means and variability of p CO 2 and p CH 4 in space and time. Summer means of p CO 2 and p CH 4 were inversely related to waterbody size and positively related to floating vegetative cover; p CO 2 was also positively related to dissolved phosphorus. Temporal variability in partial pressure in both gases weas greater than spatial variability. Although sampling on a single date was likely to misestimate mean seasonal p CO 2 by up to 26%, mean seasonal p CH 4 could be misestimated by up to 64.5%. Shallower systems displayed the most temporal variability in p CH 4 and waterbodies with more vegetation cover had lower temporal variability. Inland waters remain one of the most uncertain components of the global carbon budget; understanding spatial and temporal variability will ultimately help us to constrain our estimates and inform research priorities.

Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams reduces ecosystem nitrogen and phosphorus storage - Phillip M. Bumpers; Amy D. Rosemond; David W. P. Manning; John S. Kominoski; Jonathan P. Benstead; Lee M. Demi (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Streams store nutrients in standing stocks of organic matter (OM) and associated biologically sequestered elements. Unlike standing stocks of autotrophs, detritus is depleted by nutrient enrichment, potentially reducing areal storage of detritus‐associated nutrients. To test effects of nutrient‐loading on storage of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by autotrophic and detrital‐pool compartments, we quantified the effects of 2 yr of continuous experimental N and P additions on fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), leaves, wood, and biofilms in five forest streams. Our design tested the relative strength of N vs. P on OM nutrient content, areal OM storage, and areal nutrient storage in OM types. Enrichment increased nutrient content of all OM types; %P increased more than %N in leaves, wood, and biofilms, but not FBOM. Biofilm %P and %N increased more than in all detrital types. Areal FBOM and leaf storage declined with nutrient enrichment. Biofilm standing stocks were generally higher with enrichment but were not related to the streamwater N and P gradients. Despite increased OM nutrient content, total areal nutrient storage in leaves and wood decreased due to reduced OM storage. Although annual nutrient storage was stabilized by FBOM, seasonal variation in nutrient storage increased with enrichment. Leaf‐associated nutrient storage was reduced in most seasons, whereas FBOM and biofilm nutrient storage increased in winter and spring, respectively, relative to pretreatment. Overall, the combined responses of all OM types to enrichment resulted in reduced storage and altered seasonal availability of carbon and nutrients, which has implications for consumers and downstream processes.

Nutrient and stoichiometry dynamics of decomposing litter in stream ecosystems: A global synthesis - Caleb J. Robbins; David W. P. Manning; Halvor M. Halvorson; Beth C. Norman; Rebecca A. Eckert; Ada Pastor; Allyn K. Dodd; Jérémy Jabiol; Elliot Bastias; Alice Gossiaux; Andrew S. Mehring (Ecology, 2023)
Decomposing organic matter forms a substantial resource base, fueling the biogeochemical function and secondary production of most aquatic ecosystems. However, detrital N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) dynamics remain relatively unexplored in aquatic ecosystems relative to terrestrial ecosystems, despite fundamentally linking microbial processes to ecosystem function across broad spatial scales. We synthesized 217 published time series of detrital carbon (C), N, P, and their stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P) from stream ecosystems to analyze the temporal nutrient dynamics of decomposing litter using generalized additive models. Model results indicated that detritus was a net source of N (irrespective of inorganic or organic form) to the environment, regardless of initial N content. In contrast, P sink/source dynamics were more strongly influenced by the initial P content, in which P‐poor litters were sinks for nutrients until these shifted to net P mineralization after ~40% mass loss. However, large variations surrounded both the N and P predictions, suggesting the importance of nonmicrobial factors such as fragmentation by invertebrates. Detrital C:N ratios converged and became more similar toward the end of the decomposition, suggesting predictable microbial functional effects throughout detrital ontogeny. C:P and N:P ratios also converged to some degree, but these model predictions were less robust than for C:N, due in part to the lower number of published detrital C:P time series. The explorations of environmental covariate effects were frequently limited by a few coincident covariate measurements across studies, but temperature, N availability, and P tended to accelerate the existing ontogenetic patterns in C:N. Our analysis helps to unite organic matter decomposition across aquatic–terrestrial boundaries by describing the basic patterns of elemental flows catalyzed by decomposition in streams, and points to a research agenda with which to continue addressing gaps in our knowledge of detrital nutrient dynamics across ecosystems.

Vulnerability and resilience of living marine resources to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: an overview - Steven A. Murawski; Patrick T. Schwing; William F. Patterson; Tracey T. Sutton; Paul A. Montagna; Rosanna J. Milligan; Samantha B. Joye; Len Thomas; Joshua P. Kilborn; Claire B. Paris; Robin Faillettaz; David S. Portnoy; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) was the largest and perhaps most consequential accidental marine oil spill in global history. This paper provides an overview of a Research Topic consisting of four additional papers that: (1) assemble time series data for ecosystem components in regions impacted by the spill, and (2) interpret temporal changes related to the vulnerability of species and ecosystems to DWH and the ensuing resilience to perturbation. Time series abundance data for many taxa pre-date DWH, often by decades, thus allowing an assessment of population- and community-level impacts. We divided the north central GoM into four interconnected “eco-types”: the coastal/nearshore, continental shelf, open-ocean pelagic and deep benthic. Key taxa in each eco-type were evaluated for their vulnerability to the circumstances of the DWH spill based on population overlap with oil, susceptibility to oil contamination, and other factors, as well their imputed resilience to population-level impacts, based on life history metrics, ecology and post-spill trajectories. Each taxon was scored as low, medium, or high for 13 vulnerability attributes and 11 resilience attributes to produce overall vulnerability and resilience scores, which themselves were also categorical (i.e., low, medium, or high). The resulting taxon-specific V-R scores provide important guidance on key species to consider and monitor in the event of future spills similar to DWH. Similar analyses may also guide resource allocation to collect baseline data on highly vulnerable taxa or those with low resilience potential in other ecosystems. For some species, even a decade of observation has been insufficient to document recovery given chronic, long-term exposure to DWH oil remaining in all eco-types and because of impacts to the reproductive output of long-lived species. Due to the ongoing threats of deep-water blowouts, continued surveillance of populations affected by DWH is warranted to document long-term recovery or change in system state. The level of population monitoring in the open-ocean and deep benthic eco-types has historically been low and is inconsistent with the continued migration of the oil industry to the ultra-deep (≥1,500 m) where the majority of leasing, exploration, and production now occurs.

A wastewater-based risk index for SARS-CoV-2 infections among three cities on the Canadian Prairie - Mohsen Asadi; Femi F. Oloye; Yuwei Xie; Jenna Cantin; Jonathan K. Challis; Kerry N. McPhedran; Warsame Yusuf; David Champredon; Pu Xia; Chantel De Lange; Seba El-Baroudy; Mark R. Servos; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Synsedimentary slump folding: Examples and consequences of an under-recognized process in epicratonic basins - David A. Ferrill; Kevin J. Smart; Daniel J. Lehrmann; Alan P. Morris; Ronald N. McGinnis (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Review of tectonic inversion of sedimentary basins in NE and N Brazil: Analysis of mechanisms, timing and effects on structures and relief - Francisco H. Bezerra; Fernando O. Marques; David L. Vasconcelos; Dilce F. Rossetti; Aline C. Tavares; Rubson P. Maia; David L. de Castro; Francisco C.C. Nogueira; Reinhardt A. Fuck; Walter E. Medeiros (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023)

Removal of NO at low concentration from air in urban built environments by activated miscanthus biochar - Carlos G. Díaz-Maroto; Blanca Sáenz de Miera; Laura Collado; Jose Fermoso; Ondřej Mašek; Patricia Pizarro; David P. Serrano; Inés Moreno; Javier Fermoso (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Pyrodiversity trade-offs: A simulation study of the effects of fire size and dispersal ability on native mammal populations in northern Australian savannas - Hugh F. Davies; Casey Visintin; Brett P. Murphy; Euan G. Ritchie; Sam C. Banks; Ian D. Davies; David M.J.S. Bowman (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Sparing old-growth maximises conservation outcomes within selectively logged Amazonian rainforest - Gianluca Cerullo; Filipe França; Tom Finch; Philip Erm; Hannah Griffiths; Julio Louzada; Chris G. Bousfield; Mike R. Massam; Carlos A. Peres; Jos Barlow; Rhys E. Green; David P. Edwards; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Developing a novel approach to prioritizing irrigation tanks for conservation in the Tamiraparani river basin based on long term trends of waterbirds - Patrick David; M. B. Prashanth; A. Saravanan; S. Thalavaipandi; P. Maria Antony; M. Mathivanan; T. Ganesh (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2023)

Quantifying terminal white bands in Salix from the Yenisei river, Siberia and their relationship to late-season flooding - Richard D. Thaxton; Irina P. Panyushkina; David M. Meko; Georg von Arx; Leonid I. Agafonov (Trees, 2023)
Key Message Wood fiber cell wall thickness best characterizes white bands found at the end of certain growth rings in Salix alba. Evidence suggests these features are related to late-season hydrology. Abstract Recent, record-breaking discharge in the Yenisei River, Siberia, is part of a larger trend of increasing river flow in the Arctic driven by Arctic Amplification. These changes in magnitude and timing of discharge can lead to increased risk of extreme flood events, with implications for infrastructure, ecosystems, and climate. To better understand the effect of these changes on riparian tree growth along the lower reaches of the Yenisei River, we collected white willow ( Salix alba ) cross sections from a fluvial fill flat terrace that occasionally floods when water levels are extremely high. These samples displayed bands of lighter colored wood at the end of certain annual growth rings that we hypothesized were related to flood events. To identify the characteristics and causes of these features, we use an approach known as quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) to measure variation in fiber cell dimensions across tree rings, particularly fiber lumen area (LA) and cell wall thickness (CWT). We investigate (1) which cell parameters and method to extract intra-annual data from annual tree rings best capture terminal white bands identified in Salix , and (2) if these patterns are related to flood magnitude and/or duration. We find that fiber CWT best captures terminal white bands found in Salix rings. Time series derived from CWT measurements correlate with July water-level durations, but at levels too low to be labeled flooding. Although both terminal white bands and July flooding have reduced since 1980, questions remain as to the cause of terminal white bands. Understanding how riparian vegetation responds to changes in hydrology can help us better manage riparian ecosystems and understand the impacts of a changing Arctic hydrological regime.

Suction causes novel tooth wear in marine mammals, with implications for feeding evolution in baleen whales - Felix G. Marx; David P. Hocking; Travis Park; Tahlia I. Pollock; William M. G. Parker; James P. Rule; Erich M. G. Fitzgerald; Alistair R. Evans (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2023)

Unmanned aerial vehicles and low-cost sensor as tools for monitoring freshwater chlorophyll-a in mesocosms with different trophic state - I. Cobelo; K. B. Machado; A. C. M. David; P. Carvalho; M. E. Ferreira; J. C. Nabout (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2023)

Representation of precipitation and top-of-atmosphere radiation in a multi-model convection-permitting ensemble for the Lake Victoria Basin (East-Africa) - Nicole P. M. van Lipzig; Jonas Van de Walle; Danijel Belušić; Ségolène Berthou; Erika Coppola; Matthias Demuzere; Andreas H. Fink; Declan L. Finney; Russell Glazer; Patrick Ludwig; John H. Marsham; Grigory Nikulin; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
The CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study ELVIC (climate Extremes in the Lake VICtoria basin) was recently established to investigate how extreme weather events will evolve in this region of the world and to provide improved information for the climate impact community. Here we assess the added value of the convection-permitting scale simulations on the representation of moist convective systems over and around Lake Victoria. With this aim, 10 year present-day model simulations were carried out with five regional climate models at both PARameterized (PAR) scales (12–25 km) and Convection-Permitting (CP) scales (2.5–4.5 km), with COSMO-CLM, RegCM, AROME, WRF and UKMO. Most substantial systematic improvements were found in metrics related to deep convection. For example, the timing of the daily maximum in precipitation is systematically delayed in CP compared to PAR models, thereby improving the agreement with observations. The large overestimation in the total number of rainy events is alleviated in the CP models. Systematic improvements were found in the diurnal cycle in Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiation and in some metrics for precipitation intensity. No unanimous improvement nor deterioration was found in the representation of the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the seasonal cycle when going to the CP scale. Furthermore, some substantial biases in TOA upward radiative fluxes remain. Generally our analysis indicates that the representation of the convective systems is strongly improved in CP compared to PAR models, giving confidence that the models are valuable tools for studying how extreme precipitation events may evolve in the future in the Lake Victoria basin and its surroundings.

Review of DDT, DDE, DDD, DDMU and DDMS Toxicity Data for Organisms Used in Estuarine and Marine Sediment Toxicity Tests - Lawrence P. Burkhard; Gregory E. Elonen; David R. Mount (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2023)

Solubility controls on plutonium and americium release in subsurface environments exposed to acidic processing wastes - Hilary P. Emerson; Sergey I. Sinkov; Carolyn I. Pearce; Kirk J. Cantrell; Calvin H. Delegard; Michelle M.V. Snyder; May-Lin Thomas; Dallas D. Reilly; Edgar C. Buck; Lucas E. Sweet; Amanda J. Casella; Jennifer C. Carter; et al. (Applied Geochemistry, 2023)

Rockrose and quebracho condensed tannins have a minor impact on the fatty acid profile of goat milk and cheese without altering animal performance and composition of products - Eliana Jerónimo; Olinda Guerreiro; David Soldado; Letícia Fialho; Liliana Cachucho; Ana Lúcia Garrido; Cristina Conceição; Susana P. Alves; Rui J.B. Bessa; José Santos-Silva (Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2023)

Plant pathogen detection on a lab-on-a-disc using solid-phase extraction and isothermal nucleic acid amplification enabled by digital pulse-actuated dissolvable film valves - Rohit Mishra; Lourdes AN. Julius; Jack Condon; Patricija Pavelskopfa; Philip L. Early; Matthew Dorrian; Katarina Mrvova; Grace Henihan; Faith Mangwanya; Tanya Dreo; Jens Ducrée; Niall P. Macdonald; et al. (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2023)

Development of a Head Acceleration Event Classification Algorithm for Female Rugby Union - David R. L. Powell; Freja J. Petrie; Paul D. Docherty; Hari Arora; Elisabeth M. P. Williams (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023)
Instrumented mouthguards have been used to detect head accelerations and record kinematic data in numerous sports. Each recording requires validation through time-consuming video verification. Classification algorithms have been posed to automatically categorise head acceleration events and spurious events. However, classification algorithms must be designed and/or validated for each combination of sport, sex and mouthguard system. This study provides the first algorithm to classify head acceleration data from exclusively female rugby union players. Mouthguards instrumented with kinematic sensors were given to 25 participants for six competitive rugby union matches in an inter-university league. Across all instrumented players, 214 impacts were recorded from 460 match-minutes. Matches were video recorded to enable retrospective labelling of genuine and spurious events. Four machine learning algorithms were trained on five matches to predict these labels, then tested on the sixth match. Of the four classifiers, the support vector machine achieved the best results, with area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) and area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) scores of 0.92 and 0.85 respectively, on the test data. These findings represent an important development for head impact telemetry in female sport, contributing to the safer participation and improving the reliability of head impact data collection within female contact sport.

Age, growth and maturity of the yellow stingray ( Urobatis jamaicensis ), a biannually reproductive tropical batoid - Jessica J. Schieber; Daniel P. Fahy; John K. Carlson; David W. Kerstetter (Journal of Fish Biology, 2023)
Urobatis jamaicensis is a coastal batoid species affected by habitat loss and small‐scale exploitation from fisheries and the aquarium trade, yet the life‐history information available is limited. This is the first study to assess the vertebral centra from 195 stingrays to estimate age and growth patterns, and compare them with the biannual reproductive pattern previously reported for this species. Age‐at‐size data were compared using five different growth models and found a two‐parameter von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), the Gompertz model and a modified VBGF fit best for males, females and sexes combined, respectively. Maturity was achieved before 1 year. However, growth did not cease with the onset of maturity, but instead slowed down. Results from marginal increment analysis and edge analysis indicated a nonannual somatic growth pattern with influences from the biannual reproduction cycle where peaks in resource allocation may be focused on ovulation rather than growth during March when larger brood sizes are present, while resources may be allocated more towards growth during August and September when brood sizes are generally smaller. These results may be used as a proxy for species with similar reproductive patterns or for those that lack annual or seasonal growth patterns.

Climate warming has direct and indirect effects on microbes associated with carbon cycling in northern lakes - Johanna C. Winder; Lucas P. P. Braga; McKenzie A. Kuhn; Lauren M. Thompson; David Olefeldt; Andrew J. Tanentzap (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Northern lakes disproportionately influence the global carbon cycle, and may do so more in the future depending on how their microbial communities respond to climate warming. Microbial communities can change because of the direct effects of climate warming on their metabolism and the indirect effects of climate warming on groundwater connectivity from thawing of surrounding permafrost, especially at lower landscape positions. Here we used shotgun metagenomics to compare the taxonomic and functional gene composition of sediment microbes in 19 peatland lakes across a 1600‐km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada. We found microbes responded differently to the loss of regional permafrost cover than to increases in local groundwater connectivity. These results suggest that both the direct and indirect effects of climate warming, which were respectively associated with loss of permafrost and subsequent changes in groundwater connectivity interact to change microbial composition and function. Archaeal methanogens and genes involved in all major methanogenesis pathways were more abundant in warmer regions with less permafrost, but higher groundwater connectivity partly offset these effects. Bacterial community composition and methanotrophy genes did not vary with regional permafrost cover, and the latter changed similarly to methanogenesis with groundwater connectivity. Finally, we found an increase in sugar utilization genes in regions with less permafrost, which may further fuel methanogenesis. These results provide the microbial mechanism for observed increases in methane emissions associated with loss of permafrost cover in this region and suggest that future emissions will primarily be controlled by archaeal methanogens over methanotrophic bacteria as northern lakes warm. Our study more generally suggests that future predictions of aquatic carbon cycling will be improved by considering how climate warming exerts both direct effects associated with regional‐scale permafrost thaw and indirect effects associated with local hydrology.

Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N 2 fixation from CH 4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome - Caitlin Petro; Alyssa A. Carrell; Rachel M. Wilson; Katherine Duchesneau; Sekou Noble‐Kuchera; Tianze Song; Colleen M. Iversen; Joanne Childs; Geoff Schwaner; Jeffrey P. Chanton; Richard J. Norby; Paul J. Hanson; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Peat mosses ( Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N 2 ‐fixing (diazotrophic) and CH 4 ‐oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Here, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO 2 (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH 4 , CO 2 ) and nitrogen (NH 4 ‐N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO 2 . Under ambient CO 2 , warming increased plant‐available NH 4 ‐N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N 2 fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO 2 offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO 2 treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane‐induced N 2 fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N‐availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands.

Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research - Gabriel Sigmund; Marlene Ågerstrand; Alexandre Antonelli; Thomas Backhaus; Tomas Brodin; Miriam L. Diamond; Walter R. Erdelen; David C. Evers; Thilo Hofmann; Thorsten Hueffer; Adelene Lai; Joao P. M. Torres; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary‐scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these “triple crises” are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.

A global analysis of avian island diversity–area relationships in the Anthropocene - Thomas J. Matthews; Joseph P. Wayman; Robert J. Whittaker; Pedro Cardoso; Julian P. Hume; Ferran Sayol; Konstantinos Proios; Thomas E. Martin; Benjamin Baiser; Paulo A. V. Borges; Yasuhiro Kubota; Luiz dos Anjos; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2023)
Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the global scale using 51 avian archipelagic data sets representing true and habitat islands. Using null models, we explore how richness‐corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity scale with island area. We also provide the largest global assessment of the impacts of species introductions and extinctions on the IDAR. Results show that increasing richness with area is the primary driver of the (non‐richness corrected) IPDAR and IFDAR for many data sets. However, for several archipelagos, richness‐corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity changes linearly with island area, suggesting that the dominant community assembly processes shift along the island area gradient. We also find that archipelagos with the steepest ISARs exhibit the biggest differences in slope between IDARs, indicating increased functional and phylogenetic redundancy on larger islands in these archipelagos. In several cases introduced species seem to have ‘re‐calibrated’ the IDARs such that they resemble the historic period prior to recent extinctions.

Changes in the Available Potential and Kinetic Energy of Mesoscale Vortices When They Are Stretched into Filaments - Vladimir V. Zhmur; Tatyana V. Belonenko; Vladimir S. Travkin; Elena V. Novoselova; David A. Harutyunyan; Roshin P. Raj (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023)
The article discusses various aspects of the interaction of vortices with the barotropic flow. Vortex interaction with a flow results in rotation variants, nutational oscillations, and unlimited stretching of its core. The vortex remains in a localized formation, with the semi-axes of the ellipse experiencing fluctuations near an average value in the first two cases. In the third case, the vortex is significantly elongated, and its shape in the horizontal plane changes as follows: one axis of the ellipse increases, and the other decreases. In this case, the vortex, when viewed from above, stretches into a thread, while remaining ellipsoidal. These vortex formations are called filaments. The latter arise from initially almost circular vortices in the horizontal plane and represent structures with non-zero vorticity elongated in one direction. Here, we aim to study the energy transformation of a vortex during its evolution process, mainly due to changes in its shape by stretching. The energy evolution of a mesoscale vortex located in the Norwegian Sea is analyzed using GLORYS12V1 ocean reanalysis data to verify the theoretical conclusions. During the evolution, the vortex is found to transform from a round shape and becomes elongated, and after three weeks its longitudinal scale becomes 4 times larger than the transverse one. During the transformation of a vortex, the kinetic energy and available potential energy decrease respectively by 3 times and 1.7 times. Concurrently, the total energy of the vortex is found to decrease by 2.3 times. We argue that the stretching of vortices results in a loss of energy as well as its redistribution from mesoscale to submesoscale. The lost part of the energy returns to the flow and results in the occurrence of the reverse energy cascade phenomenon.

Long-term effects of canagliflozin treatment on the skeleton of aged UM-HET3 mice - Gozde Yildirim; Edmara T. P. Bergamo; Sher Bahadur Poudel; Ryan R. Ruff; Manisha Dixit; Bin Hu; Dindo Q. Mijares; Lukasz Witek; Carolyn Chlebek; David E. Harrison; Randy Strong; Richard A. Miller; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Bi-functional photocatalytic heterostructures combining titania thin films with carbon quantum dots (C-QDs/TiO2) for effective elimination of water pollutants - Pinelopi P. Falara; Islam Ibrahim; Adamantia Zourou; Labrini Sygellou; David Emanuel Sanchez; George Em. Romanos; Lida Givalou; Maria Antoniadou; Michalis K. Arfanis; Changseok Han; Mauricio Terrones; Konstantinos V. Kordatos (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)
In this study, carbon quantum dots (C-QDs), prepared via hydrothermal-microwave procedures, were successfully combined with nanostructured titania (TiO 2 ). The photocatalytic oxidation/reduction activity of the C-QDs/TiO 2 composite films was evaluated in the decomposition of organic-inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions under UV illumination. Physicochemical characterizations were applied to investigate the crystal structure of the carbon quantum dots and the composites. It was found that the prepared C-QDs/TiO 2 composites had great contribution to the photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr +6 ) species and 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) as well as to the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. The mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction was studied with trapping experiments, revealing that the electron (e − ) radical species were powerfully supported for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr +6 and PNP and the holes ( h + ) are the main active species for the photocatalytic oxidation reactions.

Ecomorphology of a predatory deep-sea fish family: does trophic specialization drive hyperspeciation? - Ryan P. McGonagle; David W. Kerstetter; Danté Fenolio; Tracey T. Sutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Two of the main drivers of speciation among aquatic vertebrates are physical isolation (e.g., lakes and streams) and micro-niche availability (e.g., tropical reefs). In both regards, the mesopelagic domain of the open ocean, Earth’s second largest cumulative ecosystem (behind only the bathypelagic domain), would seem retardant. Ocean circulation makes isolation rare on both contemporary and geological time/space scales, and the lack of substrate precludes stable micro-niches. Paradoxically, some pelagic taxa demonstrate much higher-than-expected species richness on regional scales. A prime example is the dragonfish family Stomiidae, the most speciose family of mesopelagic fishes, owing largely to the subfamily Melanostomiinae (scaleless black dragonfishes), which contributes 222 of the 320 described species. Within genera, species are differentiated almost solely by form of the jugular-positioned, bioluminescent barbel, a structure putatively linked to feeding (via prey luring). The relationship between diversity (both systematic and morphological) and diet within the Melanostomiinae has not been previously examined, primarily due to sample size limitation. Herein, the diet and morphology of 16 species of melanostomiine dragonfishes from the Gulf of Mexico were examined to ascertain whether the diversification in this fish clade is based on prey specialization, as is the case with many other speciose fish families (e.g., Cichlidae). Gut content analysis revealed a rather small spectrum of prey taxa across a wide spectrum of predators, with most species exhibiting piscivory centered on the most regionally abundant lanternfishes (Myctophidae). Lesser numbers of species preyed upon bristlemouths (Gonostomatidae), oceanic basslets (Howellidae), bigscales (Melamphaidae), and other dragonfishes, while three species selected for cephalopod prey. No dragonfish species consumed macrocrustaceans (e.g., decapod shrimps), despite their numerical prevalence as potential prey. Regarding functional morphology, dissimilarity was driven mostly by barbel length, vertical oral gape, and horizontal maxillary oral gape. There were no robust morphological-dietary relationships amongst melanostomiines, with dietary diversity much lower than morphological diversity. These results suggest that other factors, perhaps conspecific recognition and/or sexual selection related to spawning, may be primary drivers of hyperspeciation in the micro-habitat-poor pelagic environment.

Crude oil exposure of early life stages of Atlantic haddock suggests threshold levels for developmental toxicity as low as 0.1 μg total polyaromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH)/L - Elin Sørhus; Lisbet Sørensen; Bjørn Einar Grøsvik; Jérémie Le Goff; John P. Incardona; Tiffany L. Linbo; David H. Baldwin; Ørjan Karlsen; Trond Nordtug; Bjørn Henrik Hansen; Anders Thorsen; Carey E. Donald; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Evaluation of double acoustic tagging techniques to track American shad Alosa sapidissima movements at multiple spatial scales - Aaron J. Bunch; James P. Henne; Dennis R. DeVries; Russell A. Wright; David L. Smith; Troy M. Farmer (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Modelling FLOCponics systems: Towards improved water and nitrogen use efficiency in biofloc-based fish culture - Sara M. Pinho; Jéssica P. de Lima; Nurhayati Br Tarigan; Luiz H. David; Maria Célia Portella; Karel J. Keesman (Biosystems Engineering, 2023)

Weed-induced crop yield loss: a new paradigm and new challenges - David P. Horvath; Sharon A. Clay; Clarence J. Swanton; James V. Anderson; Wun S. Chao (Trends in Plant Science, 2023)

To harness traits for ecology, let’s abandon ‘functionality’ - Robert P. Streit; David R. Bellwood (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Monotonic and cyclic undrained behaviour and liquefaction resistance of pumiceous, non-plastic sandy silt - Jordanka Chaneva; Max O. Kluger; Vicki G. Moon; David J. Lowe; Rolando P. Orense (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2023)

The soil microbial community and plant biomass differentially contribute to the retention and recycling of urinary-N in grasslands - Michaela K. Reay; Karina A. Marsden; Sarah Powell; Leonardo Mena Rivera; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones; Richard P. Evershed (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023)

Ambient temperature and air pollution associations with suicide and homicide mortality in California: A statewide case-crossover study - Md Mostafijur Rahman; Melissa Lorenzo; George Ban-Weiss; Zainab Hasan; Mehjar Azzouz; Sandrah P. Eckel; David V. Conti; Fred Lurmann; Hannah Schlaerth; Jill Johnston; Joseph Ko; Lawrence Palinkas; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Aquatic environmental DNA: A review of the macro-organismal biomonitoring revolution - Miwa Takahashi; Mattia Saccò; Joshua H. Kestel; Georgia Nester; Matthew A. Campbell; Mieke van der Heyde; Matthew J. Heydenrych; David J. Juszkiewicz; Paul Nevill; Kathryn L. Dawkins; Cindy Bessey; Kristen Fernandes; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using different receptor models: A case study on sediment from the Portland Harbor Superfund Site (PHSS), Oregon, USA - David Megson; Guuske P. Tiktak; Steve Shideler; Mike Dereviankin; Lacey Harbicht; Courtney D. Sandau (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

The Asymmetric Response Concept explains ecological consequences of multiple stressor exposure and release - Matthijs Vos; Daniel Hering; Mark O. Gessner; Florian Leese; Ralf B. Schäfer; Ralph Tollrian; Jens Boenigk; Peter Haase; Rainer Meckenstock; Daria Baikova; Helena Bayat; Arne Beermann; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Mapping and quantifying pelagic Sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean using multi-band medium-resolution satellite data and deep learning - Chuanmin Hu; Shuai Zhang; Brian B. Barnes; Yuyuan Xie; Mengqiu Wang; Jennifer P. Cannizzaro; David C. English (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Fossil millipedes associated with articulated tetrapod skeletons in the Early Triassic Karoo Basin, South Africa - David P. Groenewald; Jennifer Botha; Roger M.H. Smith (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)

Phylogenomics and biogeography of arid-adapted Chlamydogobius goby fishes - Krystina D. Mossop; Alan R. Lemmon; Emily Moriarty Lemmon; Ron Eytan; Mark Adams; Peter J. Unmack; Katie Smith Date; Hernán E. Morales; Michael P. Hammer; Bob B.M. Wong; David G. Chapple (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Reef growth and carbonate sedimentation at the southernmost Pacific reefs - Colin D. Woodroffe; Michelle Linklater; Brendan P. Brooke; Scott L. Nichol; Quan Hua; David M. Kennedy (Marine Geology, 2023)

Coproduction and modeling spatial contact networks prevent bias about infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus transmission for Snake River Basin salmonids - Jeffrey P. Mattheiss; Rachel Breyta; Gael Kurath; Shannon L. LaDeau; David J. Páez; Paige F.B. Ferguson (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Effects of duration of exposure, co-supplementation with iron and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection on accumulation of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble copper in rats given molybdate in drinking water - Neville F. Suttle; Nirmal Sangwan; David P. Knox (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2023)

Mineralogy and enrichment of critical elements (Li and Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-Ga) in the Pennsylvanian coals from the Antaibao Surface Mine, Shanxi Province, China: derivation of pyroclastics and sediment-source regions - Shaobo Di; Shifeng Dai; Victor P. Nechaev; David French; Ian T. Graham; Lei Zhao; Robert B. Finkelman; Hongdong Wang; Shaowei Zhang; Yongjie Hou (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2023)

Precessional pacing of early Proterozoic redox cycles - Margriet L. Lantink; Wytze K. Lenstra; Joshua H.F.L. Davies; Rick Hennekam; David McB. Martin; Paul R.D. Mason; Gert-Jan Reichart; Caroline P. Slomp; Frederik J. Hilgen (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Controls on the presence and storage of soil inorganic carbon in a semi-arid watershed - Christopher Stanbery; Zahra Ghahremani; David P. Huber; Ryan Will; Shawn G. Benner; Nancy Glenn; Tanzila Hanif; Lucas Spaete; Danielle Terhaar; Kathleen A. Lohse; Mark Seyfried; William Freutel; et al. (CATENA, 2023)

Corrigendum to “Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification” [Biol. Conserv. 281 (2023) 109994] - Martin Beal; Paulo Catry; Richard A. Phillips; Steffen Oppel; John P.Y. Arnould; Maria I. Bogdanova; Mark Bolton; Ana P.B. Carneiro; Corey Clatterbuck; Melinda Conners; Francis Daunt; Karine Delord; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification - Martin Beal; Paulo Catry; Richard A. Phillips; Steffen Oppel; John P.Y. Arnould; Maria I. Bogdanova; Mark Bolton; Ana P.B. Carneiro; Corey Clatterbuck; Melinda Conners; Francis Daunt; Karine Delord; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Modelling of Droplet Capture in an Open-Cell Metal Foam at the Pore and Macroscopic Scales - Thiago P. de Carvalho; David M. Hargreaves; Hervé P. Morvan; Michael Klingsporn (Transport in Porous Media, 2023)
Open-cell metal foams are often used in applications where particulate and/or droplet capture is important. Here a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling approach is described which models the metal foam at both the pore-scale and the macroscopic scale. At the pore-scale, the detailed internal geometry of the foam is included and the flow field and droplet tracking and capture is modelled explicitly. At this scale, a coefficient is found for each metal foam that relates the distance a droplet can freely travel through the foam to both the droplet diameter and the Darcian velocity in the porous medium. Then, at the macroscopic scale, the coefficient from the pore-scale droplet capture simulations is used in a novel stochastic particle extinction model. Here, the droplets travel through a porous zone and are removed from the model, the probability of which is determined by the coefficient from the pore-scale modelling. A test case is described in which the macroscopic model is verified against the pore-scale model with acceptable levels of accuracy.

Assessment of aquifer recharge and groundwater availability in a semiarid region of Brazil in the context of an interbasin water transfer scheme - Alexandre C. Costa; Fanny Dupont; George Bier; Pieter van Oel; David W. Walker; Eduardo S. P. R. Martins (Hydrogeology Journal, 2023)
Particularly in arid and semiarid areas, more and more populations rely almost entirely on imported water. However, the extent to which intentional discharge into transiting river systems and unintentional leakage may be augmenting water resources for communities along and down gradient of the water transfer scheme has not previously been subject to research. The objective of this study was to assess both the potential of a large-scale water transfer (WT) scheme to increase groundwater availability by channel transmission losses in a large dryland aquifer system (2,166 km²) in Brazil, and the capability of the receiving streams to transport water downstream under a prolonged drought. An integrated surface-water/groundwater model was developed to improve the estimation of the groundwater resources, considering the spatio-temporal variability of infiltrated rainfall for aquifer recharge. Aquifer recharge from the WT scheme was simulated under prolonged drought conditions, applying an uncertainty analysis of the most influential fluxes and parameters. The annual recharge (66 mm/year) was approximately twice the amount of water abstracted (1990–2016); however, the annual recharge dropped to 13.9 mm/year from 2012 to 2016, a drought period. Under similar drought conditions, the additional recharge (6.89 × 106 m³/year) from the WT scheme did not compensate for the decrease in groundwater head in areas that do not surround the receiving streams. Actually, the additional recharge is counteracted by a decrease of 25% of natural groundwater recharge or an increase of 50% in pumping rate; therefore, WT transmission losses alone would not solve the issue of the unsustainable management of groundwater resources.

Fast mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with subtropical Atlantic overturning - Yavor Kostov; Marie-José Messias; Herlé Mercier; Helen L. Johnson; David P. Marshall (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
We use an ocean general circulation model and its adjoint to analyze the causal chain linking sea surface buoyancy anomalies in the Labrador Sea to variability in the deep branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on inter-annual timescales. Our study highlights the importance of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) for the north-to-south connectivity in the AMOC and for the meridional transport of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW). We identify two mechanisms that allow the Labrador Sea to impact velocities in the LNADW layer. The first mechanism involves a passive advection of surface buoyancy anomalies from the Labrador Sea towards the eastern subpolar gyre by the background NAC. The second mechanism plays a dominant role and involves a dynamical response of the NAC to surface density anomalies originating in the Labrador Sea; the NAC adjustment modifies the northward transport of salt and heat and exerts a strong positive feedback, amplifying the upper ocean buoyancy anomalies. The two mechanisms spin up/down the subpolar gyre on a timescale of years, while boundary trapped waves rapidly communicate this signal to the subtropics and trigger an adjustment of LNADW transport on a timescale of months. The NAC and the eastern subpolar gyre play an essential role in both mechanisms linking the Labrador Sea with LNADW transport variability and the subtropical AMOC. We thus reconcile two apparently contradictory paradigms about AMOC connectivity: (1) Labrador Sea buoyancy anomalies drive AMOC variability; (2) water mass transformation is largest in the eastern subpolar gyre.

The social vulnerability index as a risk stratification tool for health disparity research in cancer patients: a scoping review - Tiffaney Tran; Morgan A. Rousseau; David P. Farris; Cici Bauer; Kelly C. Nelson; Hung Q. Doan (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)
Purpose The social vulnerability index (SVI), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a novel composite measure encompassing multiple variables that correspond to key social determinants of health. The objective of this review was to investigate innovative applications of the SVI to oncology research and to employ the framework of the cancer care continuum to elucidate further research opportunities. Methods A systematic search for relevant articles was performed in five databases from inception to 13 May 2022. Included studies applied the SVI to analyze outcomes in cancer patients. Study characteristics, patent populations, data sources, and outcomes were extracted from each article. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results In total, 31 studies were included. Along the cancer care continuum, five applied the SVI to examine geographic disparities in potentially cancer-causing exposures; seven in cancer diagnosis; fourteen in cancer treatment; nine in treatment recovery; one in survivorship care; and two in end-of-life care. Fifteen examined disparities in mortality. Conclusion In highlighting place-based disparities in patient outcomes, the SVI represents a promising tool for future oncology research. As a reliable geocoded dataset, the SVI may inform the development and implementation of targeted interventions to prevent cancer morbidity and mortality at the neighborhood level.

The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects - Afroditi Grigoropoulou; Suhaila Ab Hamid; Raúl Acosta; Emmanuel Olusegun Akindele; Salman A. Al‐Shami; Florian Altermatt; Giuseppe Amatulli; David G. Angeler; Francis O. Arimoro; Jukka Aroviita; Anna Astorga‐Roine; Rafael Costa Bastos; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Motivation Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database , which includes worldwide geo‐referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub‐catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety‐nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub‐datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors. Major taxa and level of measurement Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format The entire tab‐separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowabio.org/project/epto_database/ . Fifty individual datasets are also available at https://fred.igb‐berlin.de , while six datasets have restricted access. For the latter, we share metadata and the contact details of the authors.

Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across N orth A merica - Peter O. Dunn; Insiyaa Ahmed; Elise Armstrong; Natasha Barlow; Malcolm A. Barnard; Marc Bélisle; Thomas J. Benson; Lisha L. Berzins; Chloe K. Boynton; T. Anders Brown; Melissa Cady; Kyle Cameron; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
Climate change models often assume similar responses to temperatures across the range of a species, but local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity can lead plants and animals to respond differently to temperature in different parts of their range. To date, there have been few tests of this assumption at the scale of continents, so it is unclear if this is a large‐scale problem. Here, we examined the assumption that insect taxa show similar responses to temperature at 96 sites in grassy habitats across North America. We sampled insects with Malaise traps during 2019–2021 ( N = 1041 samples) and examined the biomass of insects in relation to temperature and time of season. Our samples mostly contained Diptera (33%), Lepidoptera (19%), Hymenoptera (18%), and Coleoptera (10%). We found strong regional differences in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature, even within the same taxonomic group, habitat type, and time of season. For example, the biomass of nematoceran flies increased across the season in the central part of the continent, but it only showed a small increase in the Northeast and a seasonal decline in the Southeast and West. At a smaller scale, insect biomass at different traps operating on the same days was correlated up to ~75 km apart. Large‐scale geographic and phenological variation in insect biomass and abundance has not been studied well, and it is a major source of controversy in previous analyses of insect declines that have aggregated studies from different locations and time periods. Our study illustrates that large‐scale predictions about changes in insect populations, and their causes, will need to incorporate regional and taxonomic differences in the response to temperature.

Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk? - Diane P. Barton; Hannah Fahey; David J. Jenkins; Shokoofeh Shamsi (Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 2023)
Purpose of Review Consumption of wild game meat is traditionally associated with rural, remote and poor areas around the world, but there has been a recent rise in the consumption of wild game meat in urban and higher socio-economic regions such as Australia. Along with its unique animal fauna, Australia has a wide diversity of feral animals, many of which are hunted for food, although little is known about the levels of consumption of this meat across Australia. Corresponding with this is the lack of information on the parasites within these animals, particularly those of potential zoonotic concern through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and organs. This review aimed to determine the level of knowledge of parasites of feral animals regularly consumed in Australia. Recent Findings Online databases were searched for publications on feral animals and their parasites. For the purpose of this review, only protozoal and helminth parasites that infest the muscle and organ systems and are infective to humans upon ingestion were considered as potential zoonotic parasites. A total of 5 records were found based on host and 27 based on parasite, showing a lack of information available. Summary Little information was available on the parasites of the major groups of feral animals hunted in Australia for food (pigs, deer, rabbits and hares, and goats) as well as on the parasites themselves, except for sparganosis caused by the cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei which has been widely reported in feral pigs. Sparganosis appears to be an underreported disease in Australia, with only 8 confirmed cases, highlighting the need for education of medical practitioners, especially in rural and remote areas, on the diagnosis of this infection.

Activation of telomerase by TA-65 enhances immunity and reduces inflammation post myocardial infarction - Bilal Bawamia; Luke Spray; Vincent K. Wangsaputra; Karim Bennaceur; Sharareh Vahabi; Konstantinos Stellos; Ehsan Kharatikoopaei; Emmanuel Ogundimu; Chris P. Gale; Bernard Keavney; Rebecca Maier; Helen Hancock; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates immune ageing characterised by lymphopenia, expansion of terminally differentiated CD8 + T-lymphocytes (CD8 + T EMRA ) and inflammation. Pre-clinical data showed that TA-65, an oral telomerase activator, reduced immune ageing and inflammation after MI. We conducted a double blinded randomised controlled pilot trial evaluating the use of TA-65 to reduce immune cell ageing in patients following MI. Ninety MI patients aged over 65 years were randomised to either TA-65 (16 mg daily) or placebo for 12 months. Peripheral blood leucocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. The pre-defined primary endpoint was the proportion of CD8 + T-lymphocytes which were CD8 + T EMRA after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Median age of participants was 71 years. Proportions of CD8 + T EMRA did not differ after 12 months between treatment groups. There was a significant increase in mean total lymphocyte count in the TA-65 group after 12 months (estimated treatment effect: + 285 cells/μl (95% CI: 117–452 cells/ μ l, p < 0.004), driven by significant increases from baseline in CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. No increase in lymphocyte populations was seen in the placebo group. At 12 months, hsCRP was 62% lower in the TA-65 group compared to placebo (1.1 vs. 2.9 mg/L). Patients in the TA-65 arm experienced significantly fewer adverse events (130 vs. 185, p = 0.002). TA-65 did not alter CD8 + T EMRA but increased all major lymphocyte subsets and reduced hsCRP in elderly patients with MI after 12 months.

Comparison of Protein Particle Formation in IgG1 mAbs Formulated with PS20 Vs. PS80 When Subjected to Interfacial Dilatational Stress - Coleman Vaclaw; Kimberly Merritt; Valerie P. Griffin; Neal Whitaker; Madhushree Gokhale; David B. Volkin; Maria O. Ogunyankin; Prajnaparamita Dhar (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023)

Deforestation Drivers Across the Tropics and Their Impacts on Carbon Stocks and Ecosystem Services - Tobias Seydewitz; Prajal Pradhan; David M. Landholm; Juergen P. Kropp (Anthropocene Science, 2023)
Globally, deforestation produces anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing substantially to climate change. Forest cover changes also have large impacts on ecosystem services. Deforestation is the dominant type of land cover change in tropical regions, and this land cover change relates to distinct causes recognized as direct deforestation drivers. Understanding these drivers requires a significant effort. Further, GHG emissions due to deforestation are quantified only in terms of biomass removal, while linking emissions from soil organic carbon (SOC) loss to deforestation is lacking. A closer picture of associated ecosystem service changes due to deforestation is also needed. We analyze for 2001–2010: (1) the magnitudes of deforestation drivers, (2) the related carbon loss, and (3) the ecosystem service value change. On the global scale, agriculture (90.3%) is the primary deforestation driver, where grassland expansion contributed the most (37.5%). The deforestation drivers differ in magnitude and spatial distribution on the continental scale. The total carbon loss by biomass removal and SOC loss accounted for 8797 Mt C and 1185 Mt C, respectively. Furthermore, tropical deforestation caused the ESV loss of 408 billion Int.$ year $$^{-1}$$ - 1 , while the resulting land cover has the ESV of 345 billion Int.$ year $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . Our findings highlight that agriculture substantially contributes to global carbon loss and ecosystem service loss due to deforestation. The deforestation drivers differ in magnitude and distribution for different continents. Further, we highlight the danger of putting a monetary value on nature.

The influence of short-term temporal variability on the efficacy of dragonfly larvae as mercury biosentinels - James J. Willacker; Collin A. Eagles-Smith; Sarah J. Nelson; Colleen M. Flanagan Pritz; David P. Krabbenhoft (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Agulhas leakage extension and its influences on South Atlantic surface water hydrography during the Pleistocene - B. Nirmal; K. Mohan; Aradhna Tripati; Beth A. Christensen; P. Graham Mortyn; David De Vleeschouwer; M. Prakasam; K. Saravanan (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)

Comparisons of the core and mantle compositions of earth analogs from different terrestrial planet formation scenarios - Jesse T. Gu; Rebecca A. Fischer; Matthew C. Brennan; Matthew S. Clement; Seth A. Jacobson; Nathan A. Kaib; David P. O'Brien; Sean N. Raymond (Icarus, 2023)

Nonequilibrium spherulitic magnetite in the Ryugu samples - Elena Dobrică; Hope A. Ishii; John P. Bradley; Kenta Ohtaki; Adrian J. Brearley; Takaaki Noguchi; Toru Matsumoto; Akira Miyake; Yohei Igami; Mitsutaka Haruta; Hikaru Saito; Satoshi Hata; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

A century of mercury: Ecosystem-wide changes drive increasing contamination of a tropical seabird species in the South Atlantic Ocean - Fanny Cusset; S. James Reynolds; Alice Carravieri; David Amouroux; Océane Asensio; Roger C. Dickey; Jérôme Fort; B. John Hughes; Vitor H. Paiva; Jaime A. Ramos; Laura Shearer; Emmanuel Tessier; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Modelling the influence of mechanical-ecohydrological feedback on the nonlinear dynamics of peatlands - Adilan W. Mahdiyasa; David J. Large; Bagus P. Muljadi; Matteo Icardi (Ecological Modelling, 2023)

Co-alteration Network Architecture of Major Depressive Disorder: A Multi-modal Neuroimaging Assessment of Large-scale Disease Effects - Jodie P. Gray; Jordi Manuello; Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch; Cassandra Leonardo; Crystal Franklin; Ki Sueng Choi; Franco Cauda; Tommaso Costa; John Blangero; David C. Glahn; Helen S. Mayberg; Peter T. Fox (Neuroinformatics, 2023)

Stress accumulation and earthquake activity on the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia - Muhammad Taufiq Rafie; David P. Sahara; Phil R. Cummins; Wahyu Triyoso; Sri Widiyantoro (Natural Hazards, 2023)

Zinc on the edge—isotopic and geophysical evidence that cratonic edges control world-class shale-hosted zinc-lead deposits - David L. Huston; David C. Champion; Karol Czarnota; Jingming Duan; Matthew Hutchens; Suzanne Paradis; Mark Hoggard; Bryant Ware; George M. Gibson; Michael P. Doublier; Karen Kelley; Anne McCafferty; et al. (Mineralium Deposita, 2023)
The North Australian Zinc Belt is the largest zinc-lead province in the world, containing three of the ten largest known individual deposits (HYC, Hilton-George Fisher, and Mount Isa). The Northern Cordillera in North America is the second largest zinc-lead province, containing a further two of the world’s top ten deposits (Red Dog and Howards Pass). Despite this world-class endowment, exploration in both mineral provinces during the past 2 decades has not been particularly successful, yielding only two significant discoveries (Teena, Australia, and Boundary, Canada). One of the most important aspects of exploration is to choose mineral provinces and districts within geological belts that have the greatest potential for discovery. Here, we present results from these two zinc belts that highlight previously unused datasets for area selection and targeting. Lead isotope mapping using analyses of mineralized material has identified gradients in μ ( 238 U/ 204 Pb) that coincide closely with many major deposits. Locations of these deposits also coincide with a gradient in the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary determined from calibrated surface wave tomography models converted to temperature. Furthermore, gradients in upward-continued gravity anomalies and a step in Moho depth correspond to a pre-existing major crustal boundary in both zinc belts. A spatial association of deposits with a linear mid- to lower-crustal resistivity anomaly from magnetotelluric data is also observed in the North Australian Zinc Belt. The change from thicker to thinner lithosphere is interpreted to localize prospective basins for zinc-lead mineralization and to control the gradient in lead isotope and geophysical data. These data, when combined with data indicative of paleoenvironment and changes in plate motion at the time of mineralization, provide new exploration criteria that can be used to identify prospective mineralized basins and define the most favorable parts of these basins.

Outcomes of Shared Decision-Making for Low-Dose Screening for Lung Cancer in an Academic Medical Center - Jan M. Eberth; Anja Zgodic; Scott C. Pelland; Stephanie Y. Wang; David P. Miller (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

Mink on the brink: comparing survey methods for detecting a critically endangered carnivore, the European mink Mustela lutreola - Elizabeth Croose; Ruth Hanniffy; Andrew Harrington; Madis Põdra; Asun Gómez; Polly L. Bolton; Jenna V. Lavin; Samuel S. Browett; Javier Pinedo; David Lacanal; Iñaki Galdos; Jon Ugarte; et al. (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2023)
Monitoring rare and elusive species is critical in guiding appropriate conservation management measures. Mammalian carnivores are challenging to monitor directly, due to their generally nocturnal and solitary lifestyle, and relatively large home ranges. The European mink Mustela lutreola is a critically endangered, small, semi-aquatic carnivore and is one of the most threatened mammal species in Europe. In northern Spain, the European mink population is monitored regionally using different methods and approaches, making assessment of national population status difficult. There is an urgent need to 1) assess the efficacy of survey methods and 2) identify a standard monitoring methodology that can be deployed rapidly and inexpensively over large areas of the mink’s range. We deployed four methods—camera trapping, hair tubes, live trapping, and environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples—to compare the probability of detecting European mink when present at 25 sampling sites within five 10 × 10 km 2 , and the economic cost and time required for each method. All four methods successfully detected European mink but the probability of detection varied by method. Camera trapping and hair tubes had the highest probability of detection; however, eDNA and live trapping detected mink in one 10 × 10 km 2 where the latter two methods did not. For future European mink monitoring programs, we recommend a combination of at least two methods and suggest that camera traps or hair tubes are combined with live trapping or eDNA (depending on the scale and aims of the study), to gather critical information on distribution, occupancy and conservation status.

Pyric Herbivory and the Nexus Between Forage, Fire and Native and Introduced Large Grazing Herbivores in Australian Tropical Savannas - Angela M. Reid; Brett P. Murphy; Tom Vigilante; David M. J. S. Bowman (Ecosystems, 2023)
Earth’s tropical savannas typically support high biomass of diverse grazing herbivores that depend on a highly fluctuating resource: high-quality forage. An annual wet–dry cycle, fire and herbivory combine to influence forage quality and availability throughout the year. In the savannas of northern Australia, a depauperate suite of large native (marsupial) herbivores (wallaroos [ Osphranter spp.] and the agile wallaby [ Notamacropus agilis ]) compete for resources with non-native large herbivores introduced in the late nineteenth century, particularly bovines (feral and managed cattle [ Bos spp.] and feral water buffalo [ Bubalus bubalis ]) that now dominate the landscape. Anecdotal reports of recent population declines of large macropods and negative impacts of bovines highlight the need to better understand the complex relationship between forage, fire and abundance of native and introduced large herbivores. The pyric herbivory conceptual model, which posits complex feedbacks between fire and herbivory and was developed outside Australia, predicts that native and introduced large herbivores will both respond positively to post-fire forage production in Australian savannas where they co-occur. We used grazing exclosures, forage biomass and nutrient analyses and motion-sensor camera-trapping to evaluate the overall robustness of the pyric herbivory model in the Australian context, specifically whether forage quantity and quality are impacted by herbivory, season and fire activity, and which forage attributes most influence large grazing herbivore abundance. Forage quantity, as measured by live, dead and total herbaceous biomass and proportion of biomass alive, was higher inside herbivore exclosures, even at relatively low densities of herbivores. Forage quality, as measured by fibre content, was not affected by herbivory, however, crude protein content of live herbaceous biomass was greater outside herbivore exclosures. Recent fire was an important predictor of all measures of forage quantity and quality. Recent fire occurrence decreased overall quantity (biomass) but increased quality (decreased fibre content and increased crude protein content); late dry season fires resulted in forage with the highest crude protein content. The predictions of the pyric herbivory conceptual model are consistent with observations of the feeding behaviour of introduced bovines and some large macropods in northern Australian savannas, lending support to the global generality of pyric herbivory in fire-prone grassy biomes.

Sialoadhesin (CD169/Siglec-1) is an extended molecule that escapes inhibitory cis-interactions and synergizes with other macrophage receptors to promote phagocytosis - Mariliis Klaas; Stuart Dubock; David J. P. Ferguson; Paul R. Crocker (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2023)
Sialoadhesin (CD169/Siglec-1, Sn) is a macrophage receptor that interacts with sialic acids on both host cells and pathogens. It is a type 1 membrane protein with an unusually large number of 17 extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, made up of an N-terminal V-set domain that binds sialic acid and 16 adjacent C2-set domains. The potential importance of 17 Ig domains in Sn for mediating cellular interactions has not been investigated experimentally. In the present study, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with full-length or truncated forms of Sn. Using human red blood cells (RBC) as a model system, CHO cells expressing truncated forms of Sn with 4 or less Ig domains were unable to bind RBC in comparison to the full-length protein. Immunoelectron microscopy of the CHO cells indicated that full-length Sn extends ~ 33 nm from the plasma membrane compared with ~ 14 nm for a truncated form with 6 N-terminal Ig domains. Co-expresssion of Sn-expressing CHO cells with heavily glycosylated membrane proteins of differing predicted lengths resulted in selective modulation of Sn-dependent binding to RBC and supported the hypothesis that Sn has evolved 17 Ig domains to escape inhibitory cis -interactions. The functional significance of the extended length of Sn was demonstrated in experiments with macrophages showing that Sn synergizes with phagocytic receptors FcR and TIM-4 to strongly promote uptake of IgG-opsonized and eryptotic RBC respectively.

Combining field and laboratory approaches to quantify N assimilation in a soil microbe-plant-animal grazing land system - Michaela K. Reay; Karina A. Marsden; Sarah Powell; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones; Richard P. Evershed (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Genomic diversity and differentiation between island and mainland populations of white‐tailed eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) - Charles Christian Riis Hansen; Áki Jarl Láruson; Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen; Jesus Adrian Chimal Ballesteros; Mikkel‐Holger S. Sinding; Gunnar T. Hallgrimsson; Menja von Schmalensee; Robert A. Stefansson; Kristinn Haukur Skarphédinsson; Aili Lage Labansen; Madis Leivits; Christian Sonne; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Divergence in the face of high dispersal capabilities is a documented but poorly understood phenomenon. The white‐tailed eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) has a large geographic dispersal capability and should theoretically be able to maintain genetic homogeneity across its dispersal range. However, following analysis of the genomic variation of white‐tailed eagles, from both historical and contemporary samples, clear signatures of ancient biogeographic substructure across Europe and the North‐East Atlantic is observed. The greatest genomic differentiation was observed between island (Greenland and Iceland) and mainland (Denmark, Norway and Estonia) populations. The two island populations share a common ancestry from a single mainland population, distinct from the other sampled mainland populations, and despite the potential for high connectivity between Iceland and Greenland they are well separated from each other and are characterized by inbreeding and little variation. Temporal differences also highlight a pattern of regional populations persisting despite the potential for admixture. All sampled populations generally showed a decline in effective population size over time, which may have been shaped by four historical events: (1) Isolation of refugia during the last glacial period 110–115,000 years ago, (2) population divergence following the colonization of the deglaciated areas ~10,000 years ago, (3) human population expansion, which led to the settlement in Iceland ~1100 years ago, and (4) human persecution and exposure to toxic pollutants during the last two centuries.

A surplus no more? Variation in krill availability impacts reproductive rates of Antarctic baleen whales - Logan J. Pallin; Nick M. Kellar; Debbie Steel; Natalia Botero‐Acosta; C. Scott Baker; Jack A. Conroy; Daniel P. Costa; Chris M. Johnson; David W. Johnston; Ross C. Nichols; Doug P. Nowacek; Andrew J. Read; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
The krill surplus hypothesis of unlimited prey resources available for Antarctic predators due to commercial whaling in the 20th century has remained largely untested since the 1970s. Rapid warming of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the past 50 years has resulted in decreased seasonal ice cover and a reduction of krill. The latter is being exacerbated by a commercial krill fishery in the region. Despite this, humpback whale populations have increased but may be at a threshold for growth based on these human‐induced changes. Understanding how climate‐mediated variation in prey availability influences humpback whale population dynamics is critical for focused management and conservation actions. Using an 8‐year dataset (2013–2020), we show that inter‐annual humpback whale pregnancy rates, as determined from skin‐blubber biopsy samples ( n = 616), are positively correlated with krill availability and fluctuations in ice cover in the previous year. Pregnancy rates showed significant inter‐annual variability, between 29% and 86%. Our results indicate that krill availability is in fact limiting and affecting reproductive rates, in contrast to the krill surplus hypothesis. This suggests that this population of humpback whales may be at a threshold for population growth due to prey limitations. As a result, continued warming and increased fishing along the WAP, which continue to reduce krill stocks, will likely impact this humpback whale population and other krill predators in the region. Humpback whales are sentinel species of ecosystem health, and changes in pregnancy rates can provide quantifiable signals of the impact of environmental change at the population level. Our findings must be considered paramount in developing new and more restrictive conservation and management plans for the Antarctic marine ecosystem and minimizing the negative impacts of human activities in the region.

A roadmap for the conservation of freshwater mussels in Europe - Ronaldo Sousa; Tadeusz Zając; Dariusz Halabowski; Olga V. Aksenova; Yulia V. Bespalaya; Francisco Carvalho; Paulo Castro; Karel Douda; Janine P. da Silva; Noé Ferreira‐Rodríguez; Juergen Geist; Clemens Gumpinger; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Europe has a long history of human pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As pressure continues to grow and new threats emerge, there is an urgent need for conservation of freshwater biodiversity and its ecosystem services. However, whilst some taxonomic groups, mainly vertebrates, have received a disproportionate amount of attention and funds, other groups remain largely off the public and scientific radar. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are an alarming example of this conservation bias and here we point out six conceptual areas that need immediate and long‐term attention: knowledge, threats, socioeconomics, conservation, governance and education. The proposed roadmap aims to advance research, policy and education by identifying the most pressing priorities for the short‐ and long‐term conservation of freshwater mussels across Europe.

Centenarian clocks: epigenetic clocks for validating claims of exceptional longevity - Eric Dec; James Clement; Kaiyang Cheng; George M. Church; Michael B. Fossel; David H. Rehkopf; Luis Rosero-Bixby; Michael S. Kobor; David TS. Lin; Ake T. Lu; Zhe Fei; Wei Guo; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Claims surrounding exceptional longevity are sometimes disputed or dismissed for lack of credible evidence. Here, we present three DNA methylation-based age estimators (epigenetic clocks) for verifying age claims of centenarians. The three centenarian clocks were developed based on n = 7039 blood and saliva samples from individuals older than 40, including n = 184 samples from centenarians, 122 samples from semi-supercentenarians (aged 105 +), and 25 samples from supercentenarians (aged 110 +). The oldest individual was 115 years old. Our most accurate centenarian clock resulted from applying a neural network model to a training set composed of individuals older than 40. An epigenome-wide association study of age in different age groups revealed that age effects in young individuals (age < 40) are correlated ( r = 0.55) with age effects in old individuals (age > 90). We present a chromatin state analysis of age effects in centenarians. The centenarian clocks are expected to be useful for validating claims surrounding exceptional old age.

Phenotypic Stock Evaluation of Plagioscion magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878): A Species in the Dique Channel in Colombia - Jordan Hernandez; Margarita Correa; Raquel Hernández-P; Adriana Bermúdez; Adriana Quintana-Canabal; David Laroze; Hugo A. Benítez (Fishes, 2023)
Inland fishing is an essential activity for the livelihood and food security the Colombian population. The knowledge and evaluation of exploited fish stocks is a priority to develop sustainable management and conservation strategies of the fisheries. To optimize the management processes of fishery resources and conservation of species, it is necessary to evaluate the population structure and identification of stocks. Geometric morphometrics analysis have shown useful in the evaluation of fish stocks. This study focuses on the species Plagioscion magdalenae, commonly called “Pacora”, corvinata, or river croaker, which belongs to the family Sciaenidae, a family characterized as an important fishery resource. With the aim of generating a baseline about the state of the P. magdalenae population structure, samples were collected along the marshy complex of the Dique channel, Colombia, between December 2020 and October 2021. In this study, the existence of morphometric variability between individuals of Plagioscion magdalenae was found across sampling sites, Ciénaga de Capote and Ciénaga del Jobo; shape differences between location suggest the action of environmental pressures and the existence of anthropogenic pressures, such as unsustainable artisanal fishing.

Wildfire Response: A System on the Brink? - Matthew P Thompson; Erin J Belval; Jude Bayham; David E Calkin; Crystal S Stonesifer; David Flores (Journal of Forestry, 2023)
Increasing wildfire activity, decreasing workforce capacity, and growing systemic strain may result in an interagency wildfire-response system less capable of protecting landscapes and communities. Further, increased workloads will likely increase hazards to fire personnel and amplify existing problems with recruitment and retention. In the face of elevated risks and degraded capacity, it is imperative that the wildfire-response system operate efficiently. Viable solutions are urgently needed that enable the system to do more with less and that manage not only for landscapes and communities but also the health and wellbeing of the fire personnel on whom the system relies. Achieving this will likely require rethinking how the interagency wildfire-response system can more adaptively and intelligently deploy fire personnel by leveraging enhanced logistics, operations, and proven fire analytics.

Electrochemical degradation and mineralisation of organic dyes in aqueous nitrate solutions - Daniel K. Sarfo; Arshdeep Kaur; David L. Marshall; Anthony P. O'Mullane (Chemosphere, 2023)

See and Eat! The impact of repeated exposure to vegetable ebooks on young children's vegetable acceptance - Natalie A. Masento; Katrina May Dulay; Alan P. Roberts; Kate Harvey; David Messer; Carmel Houston-Price (Appetite, 2023)

Breaking up sitting with short frequent or long infrequent physical activity breaks does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite-regulating hormones or energy intake - Benjamin D. Maylor; Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer; David J. Stensel; Charlie J. Orton; Daniel P. Bailey (Appetite, 2023)

Estimation of survey efficiency and biomass for commercially important species from industry-based paired gear experiments - Timothy J. Miller; David E. Richardson; Philip J. Politis; Christopher D. Roebuck; John P. Manderson; Michael H. Martin; Andrew W. Jones (Fisheries Research, 2023)

COVID-19 reduced recreational fishing effort during the black bass spawning season, resulting in increases in black bass reproductive success and annual recruitment - David P. Philipp; Aaron Zolderdo; Michael J. Lawrence; Julie E. Claussen; Liane Nowell; Peter Holder; Steven J. Cooke (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Pathological Aspects and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Troponin C in the Cardiovascular System of Dogs With Pheochromocytoma - Fernando F. Argenta; Mônica Slaviero; Lauren S. de Mello; Joanna V.Z. Echenique; Alexia A. Zorzan; Fernanda G. Cony; Marcele B. Bandinelli; Márcio B. de Castro; Saulo P. Pavarini; David Driemeier; Luciana Sonne (Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 2023)

The effect of asphaltic support layers on slab track dynamics - Qingzhi Ye; Qiang Luo; David P. Connolly; Tengfei Wang; Hongwei Xie; Haibo Ding (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2023)

Seismically-induced down-sagging structures in tephra layers (tephra-seismites) preserved in lakes since 17.5 cal ka, Hamilton lowlands, New Zealand - Max O. Kluger; David J. Lowe; Vicki G. Moon; Jordanka Chaneva; Richard Johnston; Pilar Villamor; Tehnuka Ilanko; Richard A. Melchert; Rolando P. Orense; Remedy C. Loame; Nic Ross (Sedimentary Geology, 2023)

Evaluation of the fish acute toxicity test for pesticide registration - Patricia Ceger; David Allen; Amy Blankinship; Neepa Choksi; Amber Daniel; William P. Eckel; Jon Hamm; D. Ethan Harwood; Tamara Johnson; Nicole Kleinstreuer; Catherine S. Sprankle; James Truax; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Fire effects on biochemical properties of a semiarid pine forest topsoil at cm-scale - Janielle S. Pereira; David Badía; Clara Martí; Juan Luis Mora; Vanessa P. Donzeli (Pedobiologia, 2023)

Acute manganese exposure impairs glutamatergic function in a young mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease - Brittany D. Spitznagel; Rebecca A. Buchanan; David C. Consoli; Megan K. Thibert; Aaron B. Bowman; William P. Nobis; Fiona E. Harrison (NeuroToxicology, 2023)

A circular economy framework for seafood waste valorisation to meet challenges and opportunities for intensive production and sustainability - Ronan Cooney; David Baptista de Sousa; Ana Fernández-Ríos; Sinead Mellett; Neil Rowan; Andrew P. Morse; Maria Hayes; Jara Laso; Leticia Regueiro; Alex HL. Wan; Eoghan Clifford (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Performance of hydrophobic physical solvents for pre-combustion CO2 capture at a pilot scale coal gasification facility - Kathryn H. Smith; Husain E. Ashkanani; Robert L. Thompson; Jeffrey T. Culp; Lei Hong; Mike Swanson; Joshua Stanislowski; Wei Shi; Badie I. Morsi; Kevin Resnik; David P. Hopkinson; Nicholas S. Siefert (International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2023)

Human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for priority substances under the HBM4EU initiative – New values derivation for deltamethrin and cyfluthrin and overall results - P. Apel; F. Lamkarkach; R. Lange; F. Sissoko; M. David; C. Rousselle; G. Schoeters; M. Kolossa-Gehring (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2023)

Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study - Amber M. Hall; Amanda M. Ramos; Samantha SM. Drover; Giehae Choi; Alexander P. Keil; David B. Richardson; Chantel L. Martin; Andrew F. Olshan; Gro D. Villanger; Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud; Pål Zeiner; Kristin R. Øvergaard; et al. (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2023)

The influence of submarine hydrothermal systems on seawater sulfate - Eleanor R. Hughes; Anna R. Waldeck; Sarah N. Moriarty; John W. Jamieson; Andrew J. Martin; Peter P. Scheuermann; Drew D. Syverson; William E. Seyfried; Eoghan P. Reeves; David T. Johnston (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

LC-IMS-HRMS for identification of biomarkers in untargeted metabolomics: The effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol consumption in liver steatosis, animal model - Leticia Lacalle-Bergeron; David Izquierdo-Sandoval; Alfredo Fernández-Quintela; María P. Portillo; Juan Vicente Sancho; Félix Hernández; Tania Portolés (Food Research International, 2023)

Why are adaptive facades not widely used in practice? Identifying ecological and economical benefits with life cycle assessment - David Borschewski; Michael P. Voigt; Stefan Albrecht; Daniel Roth; Matthias Kreimeyer; Philip Leistner (Building and Environment, 2023)

The ultrastructure of the rostral gland in soldiers of Verrucositermes tuberosus (Blattodea: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) - Cédric Aumont; Tereza Beránková; Dino P. McMahon; Renate Radek; Pierre D. Akama; David Sillam-Dussès; Jan Šobotník (Arthropod Structure & Development, 2023)

Open-source, fully-automated hybrid cardiac substructure segmentation: development and optimisation - Robert N. Finnegan; Vicky Chin; Phillip Chlap; Ali Haidar; James Otton; Jason Dowling; David I. Thwaites; Shalini K. Vinod; Geoff P. Delaney; Lois Holloway (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2023)
Radiotherapy for thoracic and breast tumours is associated with a range of cardiotoxicities. Emerging evidence suggests cardiac substructure doses may be more predictive of specific outcomes, however, quantitative data necessary to develop clinical planning constraints is lacking. Retrospective analysis of patient data is required, which relies on accurate segmentation of cardiac substructures. In this study, a novel model was designed to deliver reliable, accurate, and anatomically consistent segmentation of 18 cardiac substructures on computed tomography (CT) scans. Thirty manually contoured CT scans were included. The proposed multi-stage method leverages deep learning (DL), multi-atlas mapping, and geometric modelling to automatically segment the whole heart, cardiac chambers, great vessels, heart valves, coronary arteries, and conduction nodes. Segmentation performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA), Hausdorff distance (HD), and volume ratio. Performance was reliable, with no errors observed and acceptable variation in accuracy between cases, including in challenging cases with imaging artefacts and atypical patient anatomy. The median DSC range was 0.81–0.93 for whole heart and cardiac chambers, 0.43–0.76 for great vessels and conduction nodes, and 0.22–0.53 for heart valves. For all structures the median MDA was below 6 mm, median HD ranged 7.7–19.7 mm, and median volume ratio was close to one (0.95–1.49) for all structures except the left main coronary artery (2.07). The fully automatic algorithm takes between 9 and 23 min per case. The proposed fully-automatic method accurately delineates cardiac substructures on radiotherapy planning CT scans. Robust and anatomically consistent segmentations, particularly for smaller structures, represents a major advantage of the proposed segmentation approach. The open-source software will facilitate more precise evaluation of cardiac doses and risks from available clinical datasets. Graphical abstract

The Identification of Human Translational Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain and Cross-Species Validation Using an Animal Model - Bethan Young; John Stephenson; Barira Islam; Nikita N. Burke; Elaine M. Jennings; David P. Finn; Patrick C. McHugh (Molecular Neurobiology, 2023)
Neuropathic pain is a common chronic condition, which remains poorly understood. Many patients receiving treatment continue to experience severe pain, due to limited diagnostic/treatment management programmes. The development of objective clinical diagnostic/treatment strategies requires identification of robust biomarkers of neuropathic pain. To this end, we looked to identify biomarkers of chronic neuropathic pain by assessing gene expression profiles in an animal model of neuropathic pain, and differential gene expression in patients to determine the potential translatability. We demonstrated cross-species validation of several genes including those identified through bioinformatic analysis by assessing their expression in blood samples from neuropathic pain patients, according to conservative assessments of significance measured using Bonferroni-corrected p -values. These include CASP5 ( p = 0.00226), CASP8 ( p = 0.00587), CASP9 ( p = 2.09 × 10 −9 ), FPR2 ( p = 0.00278), SH3BGRL3 ( p = 0.00633), and TMEM88 ( p = 0.00038). A ROC analysis revealed several combinations of genes to show high levels of discriminatory power in the comparison of neuropathic pain patients and control participants, of which the combination SH3BGRL3 , TMEM88 , and CASP9 achieved the highest level (AUROC = 0.923). The CASP9 gene was found to be common in five combinations of three genes revealing the highest levels of discriminatory power. In contrast, the gene combination PLAC8 , ROMO1 , and A3GALT2 showed the highest levels of discriminatory power in the comparison of neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain (AUROC = 0.919), when patients were grouped by S-LANSS scores. Molecules that demonstrate an active role in neuropathic pain have the potential to be developed into a biological measure for objective diagnostic tests, or as novel drug targets for improved pain management.

Radiosensitivity and Biological Effects of Gamma and X-Rays on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Three Coffea arabica Varieties - Keji Emmanuel Dada; David Adedayo Animasaun; Oba Toyin Mustapha; Souleymane Bado; Brian P. Foster (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2023)

Spatial Variation in Nursery Habitat Use by Juvenile Blue Crabs in a Shallow, Wind-Driven Estuary - Erin P. Voigt; David B. Eggleston (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)

Sensitivity analysis of moment magnitude (Mw) spectral fitting parameters based on orthogonal design: using aftershocks of the 2019 Mw 6.5 Ambon, Indonesia earthquake - Dian Kusumawati; David P. Sahara; Andri D. Nugraha; Nanang T. Puspito; Sri Widiyantoro; Zulfakriza Zulfakriza; Shindy Rosalia; Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi; Ardianto Ardianto; Aria Widhi Baskara; Andi Azhar Rusdin; Adi Wibowo; et al. (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2023)

Review of recent advances on the use of mass spectrometry techniques for the study of organic materials in painted artworks - Eugenia Geddes da Filicaia; Richard P. Evershed; David A. Peggie (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2023)

Mitigation potential and trade-offs for nitrous oxide emissions and carbon balances of irrigated mixed-species and ryegrass-clover pastures - Johannes Laubach; John E. Hunt; Scott L. Graham; Rowan P. Buxton; Graeme N.D. Rogers; Paul L. Mudge; Jordan P. Goodrich; David Whitehead (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2023)

The role of structural variants in pest adaptation and genome evolution of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) - Zachary P. Cohen; Sean D. Schoville; David J. Hawthorne (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Structural variation has been associated with genetic diversity and adaptation. Despite these observations, it is not clear what their relative importance is for evolution, especially in rapidly adapting species. Here, we examine the significance of structural polymorphisms in pesticide resistance evolution of the agricultural super‐pest, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata . By employing a parent offspring trio sequencing procedure, we develop highly contiguous reference genomes to characterize structural variation. These updated assemblies represent >100‐fold improvement of contiguity and include derived pest and ancestral nonpest individuals. We identify >200,000 structural variations, which appear to be nonrandomly distributed across the genome as they co‐occur with transposable elements and genes. Structural variations intersect with exons in a large proportion of gene annotations (~20%) that are associated with insecticide resistance (including cytochrome P450s), development, and transcription. To understand the role structural variations play in adaptation, we measure their allele frequencies among an additional 57 individuals using whole genome resequencing data, which represents pest and nonpest populations of North America. Incorporating multiple independent tests to detect the signature of natural selection using SNP data, we identify 14 genes that are probably under positive selection, include structural variations, and SNPs of elevated frequency within the pest lineages. Among these, three are associated with insecticide resistance based on previous research. One of these genes, CYP4g15 , is coinduced during insecticide exposure with glycosyltransferase‐13, which is a duplicated gene enclosed within a structural variant adjacent to the CYP4g15 genic region. These results demonstrate the significance of structural variations as a genomic feature to describe species history, genetic diversity, and adaptation.

Controls on methylmercury concentrations in lakes and streams of peatland‐rich catchments along a 1700 km permafrost gradient - Lauren M. Thompson; McKenzie A. Kuhn; Johanna C. Winder; Lucas P. P. Braga; Ryan H. S. Hutchins; Andrew J. Tanentzap; Vincent L. St. Louis; David Olefeldt (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Permafrost thaw may increase the production of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in northern peatlands, but the downstream delivery of MeHg is uncertain. We quantified total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in lakes and streams along a 1700 km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada to determine the influence of regional permafrost extent compared to local lake and catchment characteristics. In lakes, we assessed sediment microbial communities and modeled potential rates of water column photodemethylation (PD). Regardless of permafrost conditions, peatlands were the primary sources of MeHg across the transect as MeHg concentrations in streams increased with aromatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron, and lower pH. Higher DOC and greater catchment peatland extent were further associated with higher stream %MeHg (MeHg/THg). Peatland lakes were potential MeHg sinks, with lower MeHg concentrations than streams (mean ± 1SD: 0.19 ± 0.23 and 0.47 ± 0.77 ng MeHg L −1 , respectively), and larger stream catchments had lower %MeHg where PD may occur in abundant small lakes. Microbial communities in lake sediments showed that abundance of Hg reducing genes ( mer A) predominated over Hg methylating ( hgc A) and MeHg demethylating ( mer B) genes. The effects of permafrost extent on MeHg processes in lakes were secondary to the influence of local catchment characteristics, but lakes in regions with less permafrost had higher DOC concentrations, higher %MeHg, and lower potential rates of PD. Our study highlights a need to understand the impacts of climate change on MeHg source and sink processes, particularly as mediated through changes to peatland DOC, to improve projections of future MeHg concentrations in northern catchments.

SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database - Laís Petri; Evelyn M. Beaury; Jeffrey Corbin; Kristen Peach; Helen Sofaer; Ian S. Pearse; Regan Early; David T. Barnett; Inés Ibáñez; Robert K. Peet; Michael Schafale; Thomas R. Wentworth; et al. (Ecology, 2023)
The movement of plant species across the globe exposes native communities to new species introductions. While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become invasive at one location may not be invasive in others; impacts depend on invader abundance and recipient species and conditions. Accounting for these phenomena is essential to accurately understand the patterns of plant invasion and explain the idiosyncratic results reflected in the literature on biological invasions. The lack of community‐level richness and the abundance of data spanning broad scales and environmental conditions have until now hindered our understanding of invasions at a macroecological scale. To address this limitation, we leveraged quantitative surveys of plant communities in the USA and integrated and harmonized nine datasets into the Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status (SPCIS) database. The database contains 14,056 unique taxa identified within 83,391 sampling units, of which 52.6% have at least one introduced species. The SPCIS database includes comparable information on plant species occurrence, abundance, and native status across the 50 U.S. States and Puerto Rico. SPCIS can be used to answer macro‐scale questions about native plant communities and interactions with invasive plants. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and we ask the users of this dataset to cite this paper, the respective paper(s) corresponding to the dataset sampling design (all references are provided in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class II‐B‐2), and the references described in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class III‐B‐4 as applicable to the dataset being utilized.

Diseases of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii : A review for a growing industry - Chantelle Hooper; Partho P. Debnath; Grant D. Stentiford; Kelly S. Bateman; Krishna R. Salin; David Bass (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2023)
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , is a major focus of aquaculture in tropical and sub‐tropical regions around the globe. Over the last 30 years, culture of M . rosenbergii has increased exponentially as demand has risen both for domestic consumption and for international export trade. As with many aquaculture species increases in production have been accompanied by the emergence of diseases affecting yield, profit and trading potential. Disease‐causing agents include pathogens infecting other crustaceans, such as Decapod Iridescent Virus (DIV1), as well as pathogens only known from M . rosenbergii such as White Tail Disease caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV). Here, we review the pathogenic agents associated with the culture of M . rosenbergii since commercial culture began in earnest during the 1970s. Particular emphasis is given to pathogens first identified in other aquaculture host species, but which have subsequently been shown to infect and cause disease in M . rosenbergii . As polyculture of M . rosenbergii with other aquaculture species is common practice, including culture with other decapods, crabs and fish, increased pathogen transfer among these farmed species may occur as M . rosenbergii aquaculture increases in the future.

Prospects of emerging PAH sources and remediation technologies: insights from Africa - Kabari Sam; Amarachi P. Onyena; Nenibarini Zabbey; Chuks K. Odoh; Goodluck N. Nwipie; Dumbari K. Nkeeh; Leo C. Osuji; David I. Little (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Otolith Morphometric and Shape Distinction of Three Redfin Species under the Genus Decapterus (Teleostei: Carangidae) from Sulu Sea, Philippines - Christian James C. Morales; Kyle Dominic E. Barnuevo; Emmanuel S. Delloro; Roxanne A. Cabebe-Barnuevo; Jenylle Kate S. Calizo; Sanny David P. Lumayno; Ricardo P. Babaran (Fishes, 2023)
Otoliths are paired calcified structures in the inner ear of teleosts that function in hearing and balance. In this study, the use of otolith morphometrics and shape analysis were explored to delineate the redfin species under the genus Decapterus from the Sulu Sea, Philippines, namely, Decapterus kurroides, D. smithvanizi, and D. tabl. Results showed that the mean otolith shapes are unique within species (p

Inhalant cannabidiol impedes tumor growth through decreased tumor stemness and impaired angiogenic switch in NCI-H1437-induced human lung cancer model - Évila Lopes Salles; Sahar Emami Naeini; Hesam Khodadadi; Bidhan Bhandari; Sholeh Rezaee; Edie Threlkeld; Hannah M. Rogers; Vincenzo Costigliola; Alvin V. Terry; David C. Hess; Sumitra Deb; Swati Palit Deb; et al. (Human Cell, 2023)

Evaluation of aqueous magnesium concentration on performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in low salinity water of West Alabama, USA - David P. Hernández; Hisham A. Abdelrahman; Harsha S.C. Galkanda-Arachchige; Anita M. Kelly; Ian A.E. Butts; D. Allen Davis; Benjamin H. Beck; Luke A. Roy (Aquaculture, 2023)

Spatial analysis of mercury and stable isotopes in the vulnerable Dusky Grouper Epinephelus marginatus along the Brazilian coast - Mario V. Condini; Christopher R. Malinowski; David J. Hoeinghaus; Brittany L. Harried; Aaron P. Roberts; Brianne K. Soulen; Kathleen J. Roark; Alexis J. Khursigara; Luciano G. Fischer; Bianca Possamai; Maurício Hostim-Silva; Alexandre M. Garcia (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Bioavailability of dissolved organic matter varies with anthropogenic landcover in the Upper Mississippi River Basin - Derrick R. Vaughn; Anne M. Kellerman; Kimberly P. Wickland; Robert G. Striegl; David C. Podgorski; Jon R. Hawkings; Jaap H. Nienhuis; Mark M. Dornblaser; Edward G. Stets; Robert G.M. Spencer (Water Research, 2023)

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and comparison to COVID-19 cases in two sewersheds, North Carolina, USA - Alyssa M. Grube; Collin K. Coleman; Connor D. LaMontagne; Megan E. Miller; Nikhil P. Kothegal; David A. Holcomb; A. Denene Blackwood; Thomas J. Clerkin; Marc L. Serre; Lawrence S. Engel; Virginia T. Guidry; Rachel T. Noble; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Aerosolized aqueous dust extracts collected near a drying lake trigger acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation reminiscent of microbial innate immune ligands - Trevor A. Biddle; Keziyah Yisrael; Ryan Drover; Qi Li; Mia R. Maltz; Talyssa M. Topacio; Jasmine Yu; Diana Del Castillo; Daniel Gonzales; Hannah L. Freund; Mark P. Swenson; Malia L. Shapiro; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Sensitivity of solar-induced fluorescence to spectral stray light in high resolution imaging spectroscopy - Loren P. Albert; K.C. Cushman; Yuqin Zong; David W. Allen; Luis Alonso; James R. Kellner (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The sedimentology, ichnology and invertebrate palaeontology of the late Silurian Downton Bone Bed - Luke M. Hauser; David P. Gold (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2023)

Controls on reservoir quality of the Nanushuk Formation (Albian–Cenomanian), North Slope, Alaska - Kenneth P. Helmold; David L. LePain (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Modeling groundwater transit time distributions and means across a Nebraska watershed: Effects of heterogeneity in the aquifer, riverbed, and recharge parameters - Caner Zeyrek; Aaron R. Mittelstet; Troy E. Gilmore; Vitaly Zlotnik; D. Kip Solomon; David P. Genereux; C. Eric Humphrey; Nawaraj Shrestha (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Pathological and immunohistochemical characterization of pancreatic carcinoma in cats - Fernanda G. Cony; Mônica Slaviero; Igor R. Santos; Bianca S. Cecco; Marcele B. Bandinelli; Welden Panziera; Luciana Sonne; Saulo P. Pavarini; David Driemeier (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2023)

Identifying key conservation sites for the reptiles of the Tandilia mountains in Pampas highlands - David G. Vera; Diego O. Di Pietro; Clara Trofino Falasco; Germán Tettamanti; Luciana Iriarte; Micaela Harkes; Federico P. Kacoliris; Igor Berkunsky (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Diverse oxygen isotopic compositions among cometary vapor-phase condensates - Kainen L. Utt; Ryan C. Ogliore; Nan Liu; Alexander N. Krot; John P. Bradley; Donald E. Brownlee; David J. Joswiak (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

Whole-tree dormant season nitrogen pools for different species receiving combinations of fertilization and irrigation after one short rotation - Gabriel W.D. Ferreira; Mark D. Coleman; David R. Coyle; Doug P. Aubrey (Forest Ecology and Management, 2023)

Evaluating major anthropogenic VOC emission sources in densely populated Vietnamese cities. - Pamela A. Dominutti; James R. Hopkins; Marvin Shaw; Graham P. Mills; Hoang Anh Le; Duong Huu Huy; Grant L. Forster; Sekou Keita; To Thi Hien; David E. Oram (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Indirect effects of pine marten recovery result in benefits to native prey through suppression of an invasive species and a shared pathogen - Andrew Slade; Andy White; Peter W.W. Lurz; Craig Shuttleworth; David G. Tosh; Joshua P. Twining (Ecological Modelling, 2023)

Accelerated light carbon sequestration following late Paleocene-early Eocene carbon cycle perturbations - Victor A. Piedrahita; Xiang Zhao; Andrew P. Roberts; Eelco J. Rohling; David Heslop; Simone Galeotti; Laura Rodríguez-Sanz; Fabio Florindo; Katharine M. Grant (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Insights on the acetic acid pretreatment of wheat straw: Changes induced in the biomass properties and benefits for the bio-oil production by pyrolysis - Maurizio Pagano; Héctor Hernando; Jennifer Cueto; Pedro L. Cruz; Javier Dufour; Inés Moreno; David P. Serrano (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Dose metric evaluation of a cell-based bioassay for assessing the toxicity of metals to Dugong dugon: Effect of metal-media interactions on exposure concentrations - David Bailey; Kimberly A. Finlayson; Gulsah Dogruer; William W. Bennett; Jason P. van de Merwe (Aquatic Toxicology, 2023)

Nutritional chondrodysplasia in cattle in Brazil - Claiton I. Schwertz; Ronaldo M. Bianchi; Andréia Vielmo; Manoela M. Piva; Anderson Hentz Gris; Saulo P. Pavarini; David Driemeier (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2023)

In Silico and In Vitro Analyses Reveal Promising Antimicrobial Peptides from Myxobacteria - Benita S. Arakal; David E. Whitworth; Philip E. James; Richard Rowlands; Neethu P. T. Madhusoodanan; Malvika R. Baijoo; Paul G. Livingstone (Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2023)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, and as soon as new antibiotics are introduced, resistance to those agents emerges. Therefore, there is an increased appetite for alternative antimicrobial agents to traditional antibiotics. Here, we used in silico methods to investigate potential antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from predatory myxobacteria. Six hundred seventy-two potential AMP sequences were extracted from eight complete myxobacterial genomes. Most putative AMPs were predicted to be active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with least activity being predicted against Staphylococcus aureus . One hundred seventeen AMPs (defined here as ‘potent putative AMPs’) were predicted to have very good activity against more than two bacterial pathogens, and these were characterized further in silico. All potent putative AMPs were predicted to have anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties, but none was predicted to be active against viruses. Twenty six (22%) of them were predicted to be hemolytic to human erythrocytes, five were predicted to have anticancer properties, and 56 (47%) were predicted to be biofilm active. In vitro assays using four synthesized AMPs showed high MIC values (e.g. So_ce_56_913 250 µg/ml and Coral_AMP411 125 µg/ml against E. coli ). However, antibiofilm assays showed a substantial reduction in numbers (e.g. Coral_AMP411 and Myxo_mac104 showed a 69% and 73% reduction, respectively, at the lowest concentration against E. coli ) compared to traditional antibiotics. Fourteen putative AMPs had high sequence similarity to proteins which were functionally associated with proteins of known function. The myxobacterial genomes also possessed a variety of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that can encode antimicrobial secondary metabolites, but their numbers did not correlate with those of the AMPs. We suggest that AMPs from myxobacteria are a promising source of novel antimicrobial agents with a plethora of biological properties.

Factors influencing carrion communities are only partially consistent with those of deadwood necromass - Christian von Hoermann; M. Eric Benbow; Ann-Marie Rottler-Hoermann; Tomáš Lackner; David Sommer; Joseph P. Receveur; Claus Bässler; Marco Heurich; Jörg Müller (Oecologia, 2023)
Research on decomposer communities has traditionally focused on plant litter or deadwood. Even though carrion forms highly nutrient-rich necromass that enhance ecosystem heterogeneity, the factors influencing saprophytic communities remain largely unknown. For deadwood, experiments have shown that different drivers determine beetles (i.e., decay stage, microclimate, and space), fungi (i.e., decay stage and tree species) and bacteria (decay stage only) assemblages. To test the hypothesis that similar factors also structure carrion communities, we sampled 29 carcasses exposed for 30 days that included Cervus elaphus ( N = 6), Capreolus capreolus ( N = 18), and Vulpes vulpes ( N = 5) in a mountain forest throughout decomposition. Beetles were collected with pitfall traps, while microbial communities were characterized using amplicon sequencing. Assemblages were determined with a focus from rare to dominant species using Hill numbers. With increasing focus on dominant species, the relative importance of carcass identity on beetles and space on bacteria increased, while only succession and microclimate remained relevant for fungi. For beetle and bacteria with focus on dominant species, host identity was more important than microclimate, which is in marked contrast to deadwood. We conclude that factors influencing carrion saprophytic assemblages show some consistency, but also differences from those of deadwood assemblages, suggesting that short-lived carrion and long-lasting deadwood both provide a resource pulse with different adaptions in insects and microbes. As with deadwood, a high diversity of carcass species under multiple decay stages and different microclimates support a diverse decomposer community.

Ecological impacts of N-deposition in a remote, high-elevation lake in the Three River Headwaters Region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau - Yuxin Luo; Karen J. Taylor; Aaron P. Potito; Karen Molloy; David W. Beilman; Ya Tang (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2023)
This study provides a new record of nitrogen (N) deposition and ecological response at a remote, high-elevation lake within the ecologically fragile Three River Headwaters Region, northwest China, from the early 20 th Century to the past decade. A multi-proxy investigation of a lake sediment core including analyses of chironomids (non-biting midge), lake sediment geochemistry (δ 15 N, δ 13 C, TN, TOC, OC:TN), pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and 210 Pb-dating. Results were compared with regional pollution forcings, including fertiliser application, atmospheric nitrate and dust deposition, and a localised multiscale air quality modelling system for N-deposition. Our data reflect a mesotrophic lake for the majority of the 20 th Century with minimal anthropogenic impact. A shift in the lake conditions is evident after 1985 with increased nutrient enrichment. Low δ 15 N, OC:TN and increasing TN values, together with an increase in chironomid taxa associated with eutrophic conditions and macrophytes are exhibited in the record, particularly since 2002. These changes are consistent with nutrient loading causing a change in trophic status. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial RDAs verified TN as an important driver behind the shift in chironomid community composition in recent decades, explaining 22.2% of the variance on its own and 16.9% with other environmental variables partialled out. While temperature change since 1960 was not a primary control on the chironomid community of Lake Bander, a step-change increase in summer temperatures since the 1990s coincided with the disappearance of cold stenotherms from the record and seems to have exacerbated the shift to more productive conditions. This study highlights the reach of airborne N from modern agricultural and industrial activity to remote locations, and demonstrates the utility of palaeolimnological techniques as part of modern ecosystem assessment for conservation.

Minimal adaptation of the molecular regulators of mitochondrial dynamics in response to unilateral limb immobilisation and retraining in middle-aged men - Chantal A. Pileggi; Christopher P. Hedges; Randall F. D’Souza; Brenan R. Durainayagam; Nina Zeng; Vandre C. Figueiredo; Anthony J. R. Hickey; Cameron J. Mitchell; David Cameron-Smith (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)

Time to retire the notion that local and whole-body exercise thresholds are mechanistically linked? - Richie P. Goulding; Simon Marwood; Tze-Huan Lei; Dai Okushima; David C. Poole; Thomas J. Barstow; Narihiko Kondo; Shunsaku Koga (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)

Climate Change and Wetlands in the Southern Great Plains: How Are Managers Dealing with an Uncertain Future? - David W. Londe; Omkar Joshi; Betsey C. York; Craig A. Davis; Scott R. Loss; Ellen P. Robertson; Torre J. Hovick (Environmental Management, 2023)