Ligustrum L. (Oleaceae) in South Africa: Introduction history and invasion ecology - Jordan L. Shepard; Heath Beckett; Christiaan P. Gildenhuys; Luke J. Potgieter; David M. Richardson (South African Journal of Botany, 2025)

Toxicity of six representative polycyclic aromatic compounds in five marine test species - Benjamin P. de Jourdan; David L. Daniel; Piero R. Gardinali; Cesar Ramirez; Chris J. Langdon; Emily Stefansson; Thomas F. Parkerton; William A. Stubblefield (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

The Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 version 2.0 surface reflectance dataset - Junchang Ju; Qiang Zhou; Brian Freitag; David P. Roy; Hankui K. Zhang; Madhu Sridhar; John Mandel; Saeed Arab; Gail Schmidt; Christopher J. Crawford; Ferran Gascon; Peter A. Strobl; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2025)

Shelf-edge glaciation offshore of northeast Greenland during the last glacial maximum and timing of initial ice-sheet retreat - Colm Ó Cofaigh; Jeremy M. Lloyd; S. Louise Callard; Catalina Gebhardt; Katharina T. Streuff; Boris Dorschel; James A. Smith; Timothy P. Lane; Stewart S.R. Jamieson; Torsten Kanzow; David H. Roberts (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Significant new developments in genetic toxicology testing - Miroslav Mišík; P. David Josephy; Helga Stopper; Siegfried Knasmueller (Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2025)

The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Reported Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Individuals of Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups - Tatyana Johnson; Ann K. Kan; Lauren B. Bonner; Linda Van Horn; Kiarri N. Kershaw; William A. Grobman; Karen L. Lindsay; Michelle P. Debbink; Brian M. Mercer; David M. Haas; George R. Saade; Uma Reddy; et al. (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Early Childhood Nutrition-Related Policy, System, and Environmental-Focused Evaluation: A Qualitative Study Exploring Knowledge, Barriers, and Opportunities - Elder Garcia Varela; Alaina M. Mitchell; Isabella Bolivar; Megan A. McVay; Karla P. Shelnutt; David Miller; Amy R. Mobley (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance” [Food Chemistry 473 (2025) 142977] - Christopher Suarez; Shawn Ehlers Cheang; Jules A. Larke; Jiani Jiang; Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng; Aaron Stacy; Garret Couture; Ye Chen; Nikita P. Bacalzo; Jennifer T. Smilowitz; J. Bruce German; David A. Mills; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Quantification of alcohol content and identification of fraud in traditional cachaças using NIR spectroscopy - Valber Elias de Almeida; José Félix de B. Neto; Taliana Kênia A. Bezerra; Vanessa P. da Silva; Germano Veras; Railson de Oliveira Ramos; David Douglas de Sousa Fernandes (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Oil spill cleanup related exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane and incident diabetes mellitus - Hanna V. Jardel; Alexander P. Keil; Chantel L. Martin; David B. Richardson; Mark R. Stenzel; Patricia A. Stewart; Kate E. Christenbury; Lawrence S. Engel; Dale P. Sandler (Environmental Research, 2025)

Detrital source diversity moderates decomposition and nutrient release in current and future ocean conditions - Brendan P. Kelaher; Jamie F. David; Sebastian Litchfield; Joanne M. Oakes; Bradley D. Eyre (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Using undrained cyclic triaxial tests to examine liquefaction resistance of historically liquefied pumiceous volcanic-ash soil materials and back-estimate prehistoric earthquakes - Jordanka Chaneva; Max O. Kluger; Ilanko Tehnuka; Vicki G. Moon; David J. Lowe; Rolando P. Orense (Engineering Geology, 2025)

Microbial ecology in hypersaline coastal lagoons: A model for climate-induced coastal salinisation and eutrophication - Christopher Keneally; Virginie Gaget; Daniel Chilton; Stephen P. Kidd; Luke Mosley; David T. Welsh; Yongqiang Zhou; Lei Zhou; Justin Brookes (Earth-Science Reviews, 2025)

Doxorubicin treatment has a biphasic effect over time on dopamine release and impulsive behavior in Wistar rats - Kiersten J. Garcia; Jacob T. Theismann; Tadd D. Schneider; Robert S. LeComte; David P. Jarmolowicz; Michael A. Johnson (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Mercury levels in two freshwater fishes from Panama’s two largest lakes - Marisol P. Valverde; Diana M. T. Sharpe; David G. Buck; Mark E. Torchin; Lauren J. Chapman (Ecotoxicology, 2025)

Production and immunogenicity of a plant-produced beak and feather disease virus vaccine in Japanese quails - Goodman Mulondo; Mélie L. R. Buyse; Kimberley Labuschagne; David Jarvis; Albertha van Zyl; Edward P. Rybicki; Inga I. Hitzeroth; Sandiswa Mbewana (Archives of Virology, 2025)
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), a single-stranded DNA virus, infects endangered psittacine species, including the South African Cape parrot. The disease is highly contagious and can be transmitted through contact with contaminated faeces, crop secretions, and feather and skin dander. To date, there is no vaccine or cure available for BFDV. The production of an effective vaccine depends on having a production platform and methods that are both easy to use and capable of yielding a significant amount of protein that will induce a sufficient immune response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce a plant-based BFDV vaccine candidate and to evaluate its ability to elicit an immune response in birds. Recombinant BFDV capsid protein (CP) was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and purified using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Japanese quails were immunized with purified BFDV CP. Yolk-derived IgY was purified by water dilution and salt precipitation, and its specificity was verified by western blot analysis. The expression levels of the coat protein increased from non-detectable to an average accumulation of 1.58 mg/kg of fresh plant tissue biomass, and antibodies against BFDV CP were detected in both the blood and eggs of immunized quails, indicating that vaccination with BFDV CP successfully elicited a humoral immune response. This study demonstrates that heterologous expression in plants is a viable method for producing BFDV CP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the antibody response to a plant-produced BFDV antigen in a quail model. Given that the presence of anti-CP antibodies in infected birds is associated with immunity, this system can potentially be used to produce a vaccine against BFDV.

In Vouchers We (Hope to) Trust: Unveiling Hidden Errors in GenBank 's Tetrapod Taxonomic Foundations - Albert Carné; David R. Vieites; Matthijs P. van den Burg (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Genetic repositories are invaluable resources foundational to various biological disciplines. While their data and metadata reliability are essential for robust research outcomes, numerous studies have highlighted data quality and consistency issues. Here, we detect and quantify errors at the most fundamental level by analysing the congruence of sequences derived from the same genetic marker and specimen voucher across tetrapods. Our analysis reveals that 32% of re‐sequenced vouchers (with identical field or museum numbers) yield unequal sequences, ranging from a few mutations to significant divergences (0.06%–33.95%). These divergences may result from sample misidentification, labelling errors, fidelity disparities between sequencing methods, or contamination at various stages of the research process. Our findings demonstrate errors within GenBank at its most basal level and suggest that, although undetectable, a similar error rate likely exists in non‐re‐sequenced data. These previously overlooked errors are concerning because they arise from replicated experiments, which are uncommon, and raise serious questions about the reliability of non‐re‐sequenced specimens. Such errors can compromise the accuracy of biodiversity assessments (e.g., taxonomic assessment, eDNA and barcoding), phylogenetic analyses and conservation planning by artificially inflating the intraspecific divergence or misidentifying (to‐be‐described) species. Additionally, the accuracy of large‐scale biological studies that rely on such data can be compromised. Our concerning results call for protocols ensuring sample traceability to the specimens or tissues during the whole process of data generation, analysis and deposition in a database. We propose a third‐party annotation system for individual GenBank records that would allow flagging common errors and alert both the original submitter and all users to potential problems without modifying the original records.

Concurrent invasions of European starlings in Australia and North America reveal population‐specific differentiation in shared genomic regions - Natalie R. Hofmeister; Katarina C. Stuart; Wesley C. Warren; Scott J. Werner; Melissa Bateson; Gregory F. Ball; Katherine L. Buchanan; David W. Burt; Adam P. A. Cardilini; Phillip Cassey; Tim De Meyer; Julia George; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
A species' success during the invasion of new areas hinges on an interplay between the demographic processes common to invasions and the specific ecological context of the novel environment. Evolutionary genetic studies of invasive species can investigate how genetic bottlenecks and ecological conditions shape genetic variation in invasions, and our study pairs two invasive populations that are hypothesized to be from the same source population to compare how each population evolved during and after introduction. Invasive European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) established populations in both Australia and North America in the 19th century. Here, we compare whole‐genome sequences among native and independently introduced European starling populations to determine how demographic processes interact with rapid evolution to generate similar genetic patterns in these recent and replicated invasions. Demographic models indicate that both invasive populations experienced genetic bottlenecks as expected based on invasion history, and we find that specific genomic regions have differentiated even on this short evolutionary timescale. Despite genetic bottlenecks, we suggest that genetic drift alone cannot explain differentiation in at least two of these regions. The demographic boom intrinsic to many invasions as well as potential inversions may have led to high population‐specific differentiation, although the patterns of genetic variation are also consistent with the hypothesis that this infamous and highly mobile invader adapted to novel selection (e.g., extrinsic factors). We use targeted sampling of replicated invasions to identify and evaluate support for multiple, interacting evolutionary mechanisms that lead to differentiation during the invasion process.

Autonomous observations enhance our ability to observe the biological carbon pump across diverse carbon export regimes - Shawnee Traylor; David P. Nicholson; Samantha J. Clevenger; Ken O. Buesseler; Eric D'Asaro; Craig M. Lee (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
The expansion of autonomous observation platforms offers vast opportunities for analyzing ocean ecosystems and their role in carbon export. As part of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing campaign, we autonomously measured the productivity regimes in two contrasting end‐member ecosystem states. The first campaign occurred in the subpolar North Pacific near Ocean Station Papa (Site 1), characterized by iron limitation and a highly regenerative regime. The second captured a springtime bloom in the North Atlantic (Site 2), which typically drives efficient export of productivity. Using a combination of floats and gliders carrying biogeochemical sensors, we quantified gross primary productivity, net community production, and organic carbon export potential ( f C org ) to assess biological carbon pump strength. Site 2 demonstrated higher cruise‐period productivity, with roughly 5× the gross primary productivity and 13× the euphotic zone net community production seen at Site 1. Greater export efficiency at Site 2 was reflected in numerous indices, such as the ratio of new production to net primary productivity ( ef ‐ratio; Site 1: 0.33; Site 2: 0.73), the ratio of sinking particulate organic carbon to net primary productivity ( ez ‐ratio; Site 1: 0.24; Site 2: 0.69), and mean daily f C org (Site 1: 3.4 ± 0.7; Site 2: 20.3 ± 2.3 mmol C m −2 d −1 ). Together with particulate organic carbon flux derived from thorium‐234 measurements, we infer that observed low net community production was almost entirely routed to sinking particulate organic carbon at Site 1, while the much higher net community production at Site 2 resulted in near‐equal proportions routed to dissolved organic carbon production and sinking particulate organic carbon.

Patterns and Drivers of Phylogenetic Beta Diversity in the Forests and Savannas of Africa - Mathew Rees; Adeline Fayolle; John L. Godlee; Anais P. Gorel; David J. Harris; Kyle G. Dexter (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Studying beta diversity, or the variation in species composition among communities, can give insights into plant community assembly over space and time. If different biomes show contrasting large‐scale beta‐diversity patterns, this can indicate divergent evolutionary histories or ecological processes that then drive species turnover among communities. Here, we examine phylogenetic beta‐diversity patterns across Africa in forest and savanna assemblages, the two most widespread tropical biomes on the continent. We hypothesise that savannas will show lower phylogenetic beta diversity due to their younger evolutionary history. Location Tropical Africa. Taxon Woody angiosperms. Methods We gathered 301,159 occurrences of woody angiosperms representing 1883 forest species and 1302 savanna species. We compared levels of phylogenetic beta diversity between forest and savanna assemblages, analysed spatial patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity using 1° grid cells and modelled their relationship with climate, disturbance and geographical distance. Results We found that savannas show greater relative regional phylogenetic beta diversity, whereas forest assemblages show greater relative local phylogenetic beta diversity. The spatial distribution of beta diversity showed strong East–West patterns for both forests and savannas, aligned with a major floristic discontinuity associated with the Albertine rift. Our results also highlighted West Africa as showing a high amount of compositional change for both biomes, arranged along an aridity gradient. Variance partitioning showed that predictors linked to precipitation were the main drivers of compositional change for both forests and savannas, but the importance of individual predictors was different in each biome. Main Conclusions Contrary to our expectations, our results indicate that savannas may have a deeper and richer evolutionary history than suggested by previous studies and that individual regions of both forest and savanna have high conservation value. Finally, our results demonstrate that environmental filtering is the dominant force influencing the assembly of these two important biomes at a continental spatial scale.

Limited Regulation of Canopy Water Use Efficiency by Stomatal Behavior Under Drought Propagation - Feng Li; Qinchuan Xin; Chuixiang Yi; Steven A. Kannenberg; Julia K. Green; Mirco Migliavacca; David J. P. Moore; Armen R. Kemanian; Pierre Gentine; Paul C. Stoy; Fangyue Zhang; Yujiu Xiong; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Water use efficiency (WUE) is a critical ecosystem function and a key indicator of vegetation responses to drought, yet its temporal trajectories and underlying drivers during drought propagation remain insufficiently understood. Here, we examined the trajectories, interdependencies and drivers of multidimensional WUE metrics and their components (gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration, transpiration (T), and canopy conductance (Gc)) using a conceptual drought propagation framework. We found that even though the carbon assimilation efficiency per stomata increases during drought, the canopy‐level WUE (represented by transpiration WUE (TWUE)) declines, indicating that stomatal regulation operates primarily at the leaf level and cannot offset the drought‐induced reduction in WUE at the canopy scale. A stronger dependence on T and TWUE indicates that the water–carbon trade‐off relationship of vegetation more inclines toward water transport than carbon assimilation. Gc fails to prevent the sharp decline in GPP during drought and has limited capacity to suppress T, as reflected by the reduction magnitude and the threshold (the turning point at which a component shifts from a normal to drought‐responsive state). The primary drivers of the water–carbon relationship under drought propagation include vapor pressure deficit and hydraulic traits. Among plant functional types, grasslands show the strongest water–carbon fluxes in response to drought, whereas evergreen broadleaf forests exhibit the weakest response. These findings refine our comprehensive understanding of multidimensional ecosystem functional dynamics under drought propagation and enlighten how the physiological response of vegetation to drought affects the carbon and water cycles.

Rapid Ocean Warming Drives Sexually Divergent Habitat Use in a Threatened Predatory Marine Ectotherm - Lucy R. Mead; Adam Piper; David Jiménez Alvarado; Eva Meyers; Joanna Barker; Hector Toledo‐Padilla; Edy Herraiz; Alberto F. Campoamor; Michael Sealey; Maria Belén Caro; Tomàs Bañeras; Charlotte Pike; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Climate change poses one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems worldwide, altering physical, chemical, and biological processes at unprecedented rates. Severe impacts on marine species and habitats have been extensively documented, with shifts in phenology, spatial distribution, and migratory behaviour increasingly pervasive. However, there is a lack of species‐specific data examining responses and adaptation to rapid warming and environmental extremes, especially for marine ectotherms. In this study, we investigate the broad‐scale environmental drivers of distribution in a Critically Endangered ectothermic marine predator, the angelshark Squatina squatina , and report on a behavioural anomaly observed in 2022. Between 2018 and 2023, 112 adult S. squatina were tracked using acoustic telemetry in La Graciosa Marine Reserve in the Canary Islands. Relationships between seasonal presence of S. squatina and remotely sensed environmental parameters were examined with Boosted Regression Tree and Generalised Additive Modelling. Major sex differences were found, with female sharks strongly influenced by environmental conditions and particularly sensitive to temperature, with a possible upper thermal threshold close to 22.5°C. Peak sea surface temperature in the study area increased from 22.99°C to 23.81°C, and the number of days above 22.5°C nearly tripled. Absence of females during the 2022 breeding season coincided with widespread thermal anomalies across the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, with unusually high temperatures persisting later into the year. We conclude that this potentially disrupted seasonal thermal cues for S. squatina movement, leading to sexually divergent habitat use. Given the warming projected for this region, thermal thresholds may increasingly be exceeded, and key areas may become inhospitable for female S. squatina , which is of huge concern for this already highly threatened species. These findings highlight the urgency of identifying species‐specific environmental tolerances and incorporating these into conservation so that management remains ecologically relevant in a rapidly warming ocean.

Resource quantity and quality co‐limit consumer production in forest streams - Lee M. Demi; Phillip M. Bumpers; Wyatt F. Cross; Susan L. Eggert; John S. Kominoski; David W. P. Manning; Amy D. Rosemond; J. Bruce Wallace; Seth J. Wenger; Jonathan P. Benstead (Ecology, 2025)
Ecological theory predicts that consumers should be co‐limited by resource quantity and quality, given widespread consumer‐resource nutritional imbalances. We used 25 estimates of annual community secondary production (ACSP) of stream macroinvertebrates to assess the relative roles of basal resource quantity (leaf litter standing stock [LLSS]) and quality (% nitrogen and % phosphorus of leaf litter) in modulating patterns of production in forest streams. We also tested the effects of hypothesized indirect drivers (stream discharge and inorganic nutrient concentrations) on basal resource quality and quantity and secondary production. In the top model for ACSP, LLSS, and %P together explained 59% of its variation, providing strong evidence of co‐limitation by both resource quantity and quality. Mean annual stream discharge and stream water P concentration explained 75% and 43% of variation in LLSS and %P, respectively. Together, stream discharge and stream water P concentration explained 77% of the variation in ACSP, demonstrating a critical link between hypothesized indirect and direct (basal resources) drivers and ACSP. Our results are the first to demonstrate co‐limitation of ACSP and highlight several mechanisms by which drivers of anthropogenic global change, such as altered precipitation (stream discharge) and eutrophication, influence the productivity of animal communities in stream ecosystems.

Whale shark residency and small-scale movements around oil and gas platforms in Qatar - Steffen S. Bach; David P. Robinson; Mohammed Y. Al Jaidah; Simon J. Pierce; Prasad Thoppil; Christoph A. Rohner (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Whale sharks seasonally aggregate near oil and gas platforms in Qatar to feed on fish spawn, creating one of the world’s largest aggregations of the species. We used passive acoustic telemetry to examine their fine-scale movements, residency, and seasonality and investigate whether the platforms influence their space use in this area. Tags had a mean retention of 161 ± 186 days (standard deviation, SD) and 32 of the 117 tags were recorded in multiple years in the acoustic array (21 stations). Most detections were recorded from May to September, confirming that this whale shark aggregation is seasonal. Whale sharks stayed up to 77 consecutive days in the array (mean = 16 ± 12.51 days) and had a mean residency index R max of 0.31. Although most detections (65%) were made at a single receiver located near a platform, here designated P1, an ‘open water’ receiver near this location also had a high proportion of total detections (8.5%). Receivers at other platforms, located away from this specific site, had relatively few detections. The distance from P1, identified as the center of the aggregation, was the main explanatory variable in a GAM. Whale shark aggregations were routinely observed feeding on tuna spawn at the surface at this location, with the eggs (and hence whale sharks) moving with the current through the day, and moving through the array as they did so. Whale sharks then swam against the current in the late afternoon and at night to relocate back to near the presumed tuna spawning site, close to P1, again in the early morning. Rather than being generally associated with platforms, whale sharks were clearly associated with a specific feeding location close to P1. Our results highlight the importance of this small feeding area for whale sharks, which face a high threat level in the region.

Ecological resources of a heavily modified and utilised temperate coastal embayment: Cockburn Sound - Peter J. Mitchell; Daniel E. Yeoh; Kurt N. Krispyn; Claire N. Greenwell; Sorcha Cronin-O’Reilly; Delphine B.H. Chabanne; Glenn A. Hyndes; Danielle Johnston; David V. Fairclough; Claire Wellington; Alan Cottingham; Gary Jackson; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Coastal environments and their associated biota provide numerous environmental, economic and societal services. Cockburn Sound, a temperate embayment on the lower west coast of Western Australia, is immensely important for the State and adjacent capital city of Perth. However, urbanisation and associated terrestrial and marine development has the potential to threaten this important ecosystem. This study collated published and unpublished data to review the current state of the ecological resources of Cockburn Sound and describe how they have changed over the past century. Post-WWII, the embayment began undergoing pronounced anthropogenic changes that limited oceanic water exchange, increased nutrient load, modified benthic habitats and increased fishing pressure. The most visual outcome of these changes was substantial eutrophication and the loss of 77% of seagrass habitats. However, the increased primary productivity from elevated nutrient inputs produced high commercial fishery yields of up to ~1,700 t in the early 1990s before improved wastewater regulation and restricted fishing access steadily reduced commercial catches to ~300 t in recent years. Despite substantial anthropogenic-induced changes, Cockburn Sound has remained a diverse and ecologically important area. For example, the embayment is a key spawning area for large aggregations of Snapper, is a breeding and feeding site for seventeen marine bird species (including Little Penguins) and, is frequented by numerous protected species such as pinnipeds, dolphins, and White and Grey Nurse sharks. In recent decades, numerous projects have been initiated to restore parts of Cockburn Sound with mixed success, including seagrass transplantation, deployment of artificial reefs and stocking of key fish species, mainly Snapper. Nevertheless, while still biodiverse, there are signs of considerable ecological stress from escalating anthropogenic pressures and the cumulative impacts of ongoing and future developments, including climate change, which may severely impact the functioning of this important ecosystem.

A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches - Zara L.R. Botterell; Jed Ardren; Elly Dove; Ellen McArthur; David S. Addison; Oyeronke M. Adegbile; Pierre Didier Agamboue; Andrews Agyekumhene; Phil Allman; Alexandra Alterman; Adren Anderson; Theresa Arenholz; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Zooming in on virtual commutes: Telecommuting impacts on mobility and sustainability - Nazanin Rezaei; Juan David Caicedo; Thomas P. Wenzel; Annika Todd-Blick; K. Sydny Fujita; Cristian Poliziani; Zachary A. Needell; Carlos Guirado; C. Anna Spurlock (Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2025)

Harmonizing nature’s timescales in ecosystem models - Vivienne P. Groner; Jacob Cook; C. David L. Orme; Priyanga Amarasekare; Edward Comyn-Platt; Taran Rallings; Jaideep Joshi; Robert M. Ewers (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

Environmental exposure assessment in the international prospective study of Chronic Kidney Disease of UnceRtain Etiology (CKDu) in Agricultural Communities (CURE) research consortium: Design and protocol development - Marvin González-Quiroz; Anna Aceituno; Shuchi Anand; Alexander van Geen; Lawrence S. Engel; Emmanuel Jarquin; Clemens Ruepert; Nicole Villegas-González; Mariela Arias-Hidalgo; Nora Franceschini; Daylin Anchía-Pastrán; Karla Solano-Diaz; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Discoveries on coastal retrogressive breach failures inspired by failure of an underwater fixed platform - Xiamei Man; William R. Dally; David P. Callaghan; Peter Nielsen (Marine Geology, 2025)

Quantifying the impact of future climate change on the risk of coral rubble instability across the Great Barrier Reef by 2100 - Dongfang Liu; David P. Callaghan; Tom E. Baldock (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Near surface lithium isotopic fractionation and lithium enrichment in coal-hosted Li-rich clays from the South China Block - Rongjie Wang; Shifeng Dai; David French; Ian T. Graham; Victor P. Nechaev; Robert B. Finkelman (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2025)

Determination of phosphorus pools, sorption capacity and supply potential of agricultural soils of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia - Gidena T. Reda; Mirjam S. Breure; David P. Wall; Abbadi G. Reda; Rachel E. Creamer (Geoderma Regional, 2025)

Utilising soil diagnostic features and environmental covariates to estimate nutrient content in Ethiopian soils - Gidena T. Reda; Gerard B.M. Heuvelink; David P. Wall; Rogier P.O. Schulte; Abbadi G. Reda; Eyasu Elias; Girmay Gebresamuel; Rachel E. Creamer (Geoderma Regional, 2025)

Soybean yield response to management practices (4–40 years) and soil health parameters - Tatiane Severo Silva; Lindsay Chamberlain Malone; Matthew D. Ruark; Spyridon Mourtzinis; Chad D. Lee; David Jordan; Herman J. Kandel; Jeremy Ross; John M. Gaska; Joseph G. Lauer; Laura E. Lindsey; Maninder Pal Singh; et al. (Field Crops Research, 2025)

Transformations of aquatic mercury species by the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana - João P. Santos; Javier Garcia-Calleja; Emmanuel Tessier; Séverine Le Faucheur; Zoyne Pedrero; David Amouroux; Vera I. Slaveykova (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Confronting the interconnection of chemical pollution and climate change - Simona A. Bălan; Saskia K. van Bergen; Ann Blake; Topher Buck; Scott Coffin; Jamie C. DeWitt; Gretta Goldenman; Frank A. von Hippel; Sophia von Hippel; Christopher P. Leonetti; David Rist; Martin Scheringer; et al. (Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 2025)

Wearing a mask reduces cognitive performance at neutral temperatures: Evidence from climate chamber experiments on heat acclimatized subjects in China - Xiaoyue Lang; Weiwei Liu; David P. Wyon; Pawel Wargocki (Building and Environment, 2025)

Mercuric chloride induced reproductive toxicity associated with oxidative damage in male Wistar albino rat, Rattus norvegicus - M. P. Sampada; Muniswamy David (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

The Itremo Massif Protected Area in the Central Highlands of Madagascar — a plant species checklist - Franck Rakotonasolo; Landy R. Rajaovelona; Andry A. Rakotoarisoa; Fitiavana Rasaminirina; Nantenaina H. Rakotomalala; Ary Misa Andry; Velosoa Razafiniary; Henintsoa Razanajatovo; Nomentsoa Randriamamonjy; Vonona Randrianasolo; Olinirina P. Nanjarisoa; Solofo E. Rakotoarisoa; et al. (Kew Bulletin, 2025)
Summary The Itremo Massif Protected Area was established and is managed by Kew Madagascar. Here, we publish a plant species checklist of the Itremo Massif Protected Area. It is one of the first expert-verified plant species checklists to be generated for a protected area in Madagascar and includes 749 plant species, 353 genera and 103 families. For each species, full synonymy, notes on vernacular names, global distribution, distribution in Madagascar, elevation, habitat and ecology, flowering period, conservation status and specimen lists are provided.

Unveiling Hidden Water Resources: Deep Learning and Remote Sensing for Subsurface Hydrology for Environmental Health - Jampani Satish Babu; Dinesh G.; R. Suganya; P. Radhakrishnan; Anand Sutar; Alex David S.; L. Malleswara Rao (Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 2025)

Soil rhizobia promote plant yield by increasing tolerance to pests and pathogens under field conditions - Paul J. Chisholm; Akaisha Charlton; Riley M. Anderson; Liesl Oeller; John P. Reganold; David W. Crowder (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2025)

Proposed highway in the Peruvian Amazon threatens vulnerable indigenous communities and natural protected areas - Brian M. Griffiths; David Dimitrie; Elizabeth Schierbeek; Edith Chinchilla Perez; Ellen Nirenblatt; Natalia Arcos Cano; Michael P. Gilmore (Ambio, 2025)
The conservation of biocultural diversity in the Amazon rainforest has become an international priority in the face of global change. Megadevelopment projects threaten conservation efforts and the rights of Indigenous communities to manage their ancestral lands. We examine the potential impacts of one proposed highway development project in the Peruvian Amazon, the Bellavista-El Estrecho Highway, on local and Indigenous communities and natural protected areas in the region. We found that zones of influence of the proposed highway eclipse 343 Indigenous communities of at least 33 000 Indigenous people of ten distinct cultures, 43 503 km 2 of community land, and 26 210 km 2 of natural protected areas including the entirety of the Maijuna–Kichwa Regional Conservation Area and the unique high terrace ecosystems it holds. Under international and national law in Peru, Indigenous communities who will be affected by megadevelopment projects like this highway must be engaged in prior consultation.

Continental‐scale seston stoichiometry reveals fundamental constraints on the elemental composition of particles transported by streams - David W. P. Manning; Arial J. Shogren; Jonathan P. Benstead; Zacharie T. Loveless (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Suspended particulate matter, or seston, represents an understudied flux of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in river networks. Here, we summarize riverine seston C : N : P stoichiometry data from 27 streams and rivers sampled regularly from 2014 to 2022 across the United States by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). We examine relationships among seston C, N, and P content using standardized major‐axis (SMA) and ordinary least squares slopes to test congruence with a constant‐ratio model (scaling coefficient = 1), and hierarchical models to identify watershed‐level covariates of seston C : nutrient stoichiometric allometry. At the continental scale, C and N were tightly coupled and conformed to the constant‐ratio model, while seston C : P and N : P indicated weaker coupling and inconstant ratios across the range of C vs. P and N vs. P values. At the stream‐site scale, C : N, C : P, and N : P often exhibited slopes

Parasite‐Mediated Competition Limits Dominant Cervid Competitor - Jennifer A. Grauer; Joshua P. Twining; Manigandan Lejeune; Jacqueline L. Frair; Krysten L. Schuler; David W. Kramer; Angela K. Fuller (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Species interactions structure ecological communities through direct and indirect pathways with ecosystem‐wide implications. Despite mounting interest in the importance of indirect interactions, empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of parasite‐mediated competition in driving community outcomes in a multi‐species system of conservation and management concern. We leveraged 2 years of detection/non‐detection data of moose ( Alces alces ) and white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and parasite loads in faecal samples within a hierarchical abundance‐mediated interaction model to test hypotheses regarding interactions between these cervids and their shared parasites ( Parelaphostrongylus tenuis , Fascioloides magna ). We demonstrate that moose occupancy was limited by parasite‐mediated competition, with no evidence of population‐level effects of direct competitive interactions between moose and white‐tailed deer. Such evidence of the importance of indirect interactions and resulting community outcomes is critical for species conservation and managing range contractions due to increasing pressures from habitat loss, disease and climate change.

Protected area coverage of the full annual cycle of migratory butterflies - Shawan Chowdhury; Marcel Cardillo; Jason W. Chapman; David Green; D. Ryan Norris; Federico Riva; Myron P. Zalucki; Richard A. Fuller (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Effective conservation of migratory species relies on habitat protection throughout their annual cycle. Although protected areas (PAs) play a central role in conservation, their effectiveness at conserving habitats across the annual cycle of migratory species has rarely been assessed. We developed seasonal ecological niche models for 418 migratory butterfly species across their global distribution to assess whether they were adequately represented in the PAs across their full annual cycle. PA coverage was inadequate in at least one season for 84% of migratory butterflies, adequate for only 17% of species in one season, and inadequate for 45% of species in all seasons. There was marked geographic variation in PA coverage: 77% of species met representation targets in Sri Lanka, for example, but only 32% met targets in Italy. Our results suggest that coordinated efforts across multiple countries will be needed to develop international networks of PAs that cover the full annual cycle of migratory insects and that conservation measures, in addition to the establishment and maintenance of PAs, are likely to be needed to effectively conserve these species.

Staying hooked: effective science engagement and communication in recreational fisheries - Pablo Pita; Sean Tracey; Robert Arlinghaus; Eneko Bachiller; Filipa Pinho-Duarte; Keno Ferter; Filipe Henriques; Samantha Hook; Kieran Hyder; Alejo Irigoyen; María P. Jiménez; Martín Laporta; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
● This abstract summarizes the results of two expert consultations conducted to gather insights into effective communication and engagement strategies in recreational fisheries. ● Effective science communication fosters knowledge, understanding, and trust in both science and management decisions. ● Public involvement and stakeholder engagement are essential for effective management. ● Simplifying complex research findings and using diverse communication tools enhance awareness and understanding. ● Strong communication strategies are necessary to implement sustainable recreational fisheries management frameworks. ● Funding for communication efforts is often insufficient but remains crucial for success. ● Participatory workshops and data-sharing arrangements enhance collaboration and involvement. ● Multi-stakeholder consortiums and tailored communication strategies strengthen stakeholder engagement and promote adaptive governance. Interdisciplinary outreach and strategic social media use play vital roles in raising environmental awareness.

Colonoscopy findings in CDH1 carriers from a multicenter international study - Arjun Chatterjee; Robert Hüneburg; Qijun Yang; Shannon Morrison; Anna Bettzüge; Tim Marwitz; Stefan Aretz; Isabel Spier; Tim Ripperger; Silke Redler; Mykyta Kachanov; Alexander E. Volk; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2025)
Germline (likely-)pathogenic variants (PV) in CDH1 predispose carriers to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Previous studies from the United States suggest CDH1 variant carriers have an increased risk for adenomas or sessile serrated lesions (SSL), yet data linking CDH1 PVs and colorectal neoplasia are scarce. We aimed to investigate colonoscopy findings in CDH1 PVs. Adults carrying a PV/LPV in CDH1 with ≥ 1 colonoscopy between 01/01/2004–12/31/2023 were included. Patients were sourced from the David G. Jagelman Inherited Colorectal Cancer Registries at Cleveland Clinic and the German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer. 103 CDH1 PV carriers were included. Most were female (66%) and white (93.1%). The median age at first colonoscopy was 47 years. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 29.4% (95% CI:19.9–41.1%) in the German cohort and 48.6% (95% CI: 33.0-64.4%) in the Cleveland cohort ( p = 0.055) and significantly correlated with age (< 45 years, 13.6% (95% CI: 6.40–26.7%); 45–49 years, 52.4% (95% CI: 32.4–71.7%); ≥50 years, 52.6% (95% CI: 37.3–67.5%); p < 0.001). The ADR in Cleveland was higher than the U.S. average ADR but the difference was not statistically significant (48.6% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.08), and the ADR in the German cohort (29.4%) was similar to the national German average risk screening cohort (31.3% in men, p = 0.84; 20.1% in women, p = 0.08). In our screening cohort with CDH1 PV carriers, we demonstrated an ADR of 13.5% in individuals under 45 years, similar to the ADR in patients aged 25–40 years with a family history of CRC. Overall, SSL detection rate was 9.7%. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 3 patients (3.2%), 2/3 with an early age of onset before the age of 50 years. This first international study provides preliminary evidence of a higher ADR in U.S. CDH1 PV carriers compared to the general population, with a high number of adenomas detected before the age of 50. This may indicate an increased CRC risk that should be explored in larger studies.

Characterization of Argentina's fishing activity in areas susceptible to sea turtle bycatch in the Southwestern Atlantic - Sofía Jones; Esteban E. Nieto; David G. Vera; Jorge D. Williams; Federico P. Kacoliris; Laura Prosdocimi (Fisheries Research, 2025)

Biochemical characterization of browning-induced enzyme in black-eyed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea): Inhibition by natural fruit extracts - Olusola T. Lawal; Damilola Fasan; Oluwatobiloba P. Ogundele; Akinyode I. Olopoda; Oluwasegun V. Omotoyinbo; David M. Sanni (South African Journal of Botany, 2025)

Vehicles kill birds on sandy beaches: The global evidence - Thomas A. Schlacher; Michael A. Weston; Brooke Maslo; Jenifer E. Dugan; Kyle A. Emery; David M. Hubbard; Brendan P. Kelaher; Mariano Lastra; Stuart E. Parsons (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Clinicopathological characterization of sinonasal sarcomas in dogs - Emanoelly M.S. da Silva; Paula R. Ribeiro; Mônica Slaviero; Anderson H. Gris; Bruno A. de Almeida; Vanessa C. Pereira; Jean C.O. Menegatt; Marcele B. Bandinelli; Welden Panziera; Saulo P. Pavarini; David Driemeier; Luciana Sonne (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2025)

Development of a comprehensive food glycomic database and its application: Associations between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance - Christopher Suarez; Shawn Ehlers Cheang; Jules A. Larke; Jiani Jiang; Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng; Aaron Stacy; Garret Couture; Ye Chen; Nikita P. Bacalzo; Jennifer T. Smilowitz; J. Bruce German; David A. Mills; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Simultaneous electricity generation and low-energy-intensive water desalination using a hydraulic wind turbine - Helber Antonio Esquivel-Puentes; Andrea Vacca; Leonardo P. Chamorro; Jose Garcia-Bravo; David M. Warsinger; Luciano Castillo (Desalination, 2025)

Maximizing aromatic hydrocarbon production through catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic residues over ZSM-5 zeolite using both batch and continuous reaction systems - Maurizio Pagano; Héctor Hernando; Jennifer Cueto; David P. Serrano; Inés Moreno (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for pod-shattering tolerance in a diverse rapeseed/canola germplasm collection - Shakil Hosain; David P. Horvath; Jayanta Roy; Ahasanul Hoque; Muhammad Arifuzzaman; Mukhlesur Rahman (Euphytica, 2025)
Pod-shattering in rapeseed/canola results in significant yield loss. In this study, a diverse spring-type rapeseed/canola germplasm consisting of 146 accessions was evaluated for pod-shattering tolerance in five environments under field and greenhouse conditions. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 24K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers obtained through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Eight GWAS approaches were employed which identified 21 SNPs for pod-shattering. The phenotypic variation explained by these SNPs ranged from 3.8 to 25.4%. The SNP positions located on chromosomes A01, A03, A05, A06, A09, C02, C03, C05, and C08 have been previously reported to be associated with shattering. Two strong candidate genes, INDEHISCENT ( IND ) and MANNANASE7 ( MAN7 ), located on chromosome A03 (20.5 Mbp position) and chromosome C04 (61.1 Mbp position), respectively, were identified for the pod shattering trait. Genomic prediction (GP) was conducted with 24K SNPs using 14 prediction models. The prediction ability of all models ranged from 0.18 to 0.50 across five different environments. To determine the minimum number of markers needed to estimate the predictive ability, we used 25 to 20,000 randomly selected markers where 3000 to 20,000 markers gave a similar prediction ability (≈0.47). This study provides significant insight and elevates our understanding of the genetic architecture of pod-shattering in canola and suggests that SNP markers and GP have the potential to select pod shattering resistant germplasm at an early stage for use in a breeding program.

Special issue 100th anniversary Cell and Tissue Research - Horst-Werner Korf; David P. Kelsell; Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic (Cell and Tissue Research, 2025)

What acoustic telemetry can and cannot tell us about fish biology - David M. P. Jacoby; Adam T. Piper (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
Acoustic telemetry (AT) has become ubiquitous in aquatic monitoring and fish biology, conservation, and management. Since the early use of active ultrasonic tracking that required researchers to follow at a distance their species of interest, the field has diversified considerably, with exciting advances in both hydrophone and transmitter technology. Once a highly specialized methodology, however, AT is fast becoming a generalist tool for those wishing to study or conserve fishes, leading to diversifying application by non‐specialists. With this transition in mind, we evaluate exactly what AT has become useful for, discussing how the technological and analytical advances around AT can address important questions within fish biology. In doing so, we highlight the key ecological and applied research areas where AT continues to reveal crucial new insights and, in particular, when combined with complimentary research approaches. We provide a comprehensive breakdown of the state of the art for applications of AT, discussing the ongoing challenges, where its strengths lie, and how future developments may revolutionize fisheries management, behavioral ecology and species protection. Through selected papers we illustrate specific applications across the broad spectrum of fish biology. By bringing together the recent and future developments in this field under categories designed to broadly capture many aspects of fish biology, we hope to offer a useful guide for the non‐specialist practitioner as they attempt to navigate the dizzying array of considerations and ongoing developments within this diverse toolkit.

Around the World in 26 Million Years: Diversification and Biogeography of Pantropical Grass‐Yellow Eurema Butterflies (Pieridae: Coliadinae) - Jing V. Leong; Pável Matos‐Maraví; Rayner Núñez; Renato Nunes; Weijun Liang; Michael F. Braby; Tenzing Doleck; Kwaku Aduse‐Poku; Yutaka Inayoshi; Yu‐Feng Hsu; Niklas Wahlberg; Djunijanti Peggie; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Grass‐yellow butterflies ( Eurema ) are a group of pantropical Pieridae distributed throughout Asia, Australasia, Africa and the New World. However, little is known about their diversification, including the biogeographic mechanism(s) explaining their circumglobal distribution. We present the first densely sampled, time‐calibrated phylogeny and biogeographic reconstruction of grass‐yellows to confirm the monophyly of the genera, re‐evaluate their taxonomy and infer the biogeographic events contributing to their worldwide distribution. Location Global tropics and subtropics. Taxon The butterfly tribe Euremini (Pieridae: Coliadinae). Methods We analysed up to 391 genetic loci from 126 samples of 66 ingroup species. Divergence dating was accomplished in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework using secondary calibration points, and maximum likelihood models of various biogeographic models were fitted to the data using the R package BioGeoBEARS. We used the best fitting model to estimate relative dispersal events with biogeographical stochastic mapping. Finally, we estimated branch‐specific speciation and extinction rates to assess the diversification history of the group. Results Different phylogenomic analyses converged on similar topologies with robust support. Grass‐yellows emerged ca . 26 Mya in the New World, and a single extant lineage dispersed to Asia in the early Miocene, where they diversified and dispersed to Africa and Australasia. The fastest rates of diversification occurred in the Old World tropics during the late Miocene. Many of the grass‐yellow genera were either paraphyletic or polyphyletic as traditionally circumscribed. To maintain nomenclatural stability, we place all grass‐yellows in Eurema sensu lato and recognise two subgenera: Eurema ( Abaeis ) and Eurema ( Eurema ). Main Conclusions Grass‐yellow butterflies originated in the Americas and attained their global distributional patterns via dispersal. The Indo‐Australian and Caribbean archipelagoes seem to have accelerated the diversification of the group, and movement in and out of these island regions was frequent. Although the traditional view of founder‐event speciation envisions migrants from large landmasses (‘mainland’) colonising smaller landmasses (‘islands’), we find that island to mainland dispersal and differentiation were equally or more common.

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Amanda E. Bates; Viviana Brambilla; Jonathan M. Chase; Cher F. Y. Chow; Ada Fontrodona‐Eslava; Anne E. Magurran; Inês S. Martins; Faye Moyes; Alban Sagouis; Samuel Adu‐Acheampong; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms - Kevin F. A. Darras; Rodney A. Rountree; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Anna F. Cord; Frederik Pitz; Youfang Chen; Lijun Dong; Agnès Rocquencourt; Camille Desjonquères; Patrick Mauritz Diaz; Tzu‐Hao Lin; Théophile Turco; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio‐temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross‐realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.

Tropical Land‐Use Change Disrupts Zeta‐Diversity Across Taxa - Edicson Parra‐Sanchez; Guillaume Latombe; Simon C. Mills; Jacob B. Socolar; Felicity A. Edwards; Diego Martinez‐Revelo; Oscar A. Perez‐Escobar; Robert W. Davies; Christopher G. Bousfield; Gianluca R. Cerullo; Jose Manuel Ochoa‐Quintero; Torbjørn Haugaasen; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Land‐use change causes community turnover via local extinction and colonisation of species, driving biotic homogenization or heterogenization at larger spatial scales. Quantification of these processes has focused on beta‐diversity metrics, which upweight rarity and overlook the role of widespread species. A key knowledge gap is understanding the impact of land‐use change on both rare and widespread species—zeta‐diversity—allowing the detection of statistical patterns and drivers based on community turnover across space. We sampled bird, dung beetle, and orchid communities in 341 plots across natural (Andean forests and paramo) and transformed habitats (pasturelands) spanning ~270 km north‐to‐south in the Colombian Andes. We detected major losses in species richness following land‐use conversion, which disrupts zeta‐diversity across elevation in two ways. First, biodiversity patterns are rewired such that bird and dung beetle communities become structured by dispersal ability, overriding the effects of natural biogeographical drivers (i.e., elevation) and landscape conditions (i.e., canopy cover). Second, land‐use change causes biotic homogenization across bird communities, with pasture retaining twice as many widespread species than natural habitats, and a four‐fold reduction in widespread dung beetle species pointing to subtractive heterogenization. Orchid communities show high community turnover in both natural and transformed habitat. Our results show that the effect of local deforestation has a doubly devastating impact simplifying communities and reducing widespread species. Transforming natural habitats into anthropogenic landscapes may substantially raise extinction risk for communities composed of both widespread and rare species, especially in orchids as the most sensitive taxon.

Designing Sortable Guilds for Multispecies Selective Fish Passage - David M. Benoit; Daniel P. Zielinski; Reid G. Swanson; Donald A. Jackson; Robert L. McLaughlin; Theodore R. Castro‐Santos; R. Andrew Goodwin; Thomas C. Pratt; Andrew M. Muir (Fish and Fisheries, 2025)
The importance of connectivity for freshwater organisms is widely recognised, yet in‐stream barriers associated with population declines and increased risk of extinction remain globally ubiquitous. Despite their negative consequences, these barriers can protect aquatic communities by limiting the spread of invasive species, leading to conflicting management goals in some regions. Selective fish passage is a solution for the conflicting goals of passing native, desirable species while restricting the spread of invasives. Approaches that can target groups of species sharing similar attributes (i.e. guilds) are likely to be more efficient than those that target species individually, particularly in taxonomically diverse systems. We explored the guild structure of 220 Great Lakes freshwater fishes based on morphological, phenological, physiological and behavioural attributes associated with passage and movement. We identified five distinct guilds as well as the attributes most important for defining these groupings: maximum total length, trophic level, relative eye size, spawning temperature, spawning season, presence/absence of ampullary electroreceptors and the presence/absence of hearing specialisations. The approaches outlined in this work can be generalised to enhance selective fish passage in aquatic ecosystems worldwide.

Historical genomic variation of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Britain, from hunting trophies - Sarah J. du Plessis; Nuno F. Martins; Xin Sun; Sarah S. T. Mak; David W. G. Stanton; Klaus-Peter Koepfli; Elizabeth A. Chadwick; M. P. Thomas Gilbert; Frank Hailer (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2025)
Genomic data from historical specimens can provide insights into populations and processes no longer evident from modern samples. Identifying viable sources of historical DNA is key to this. Here we aimed to explore the viability of trophy hunting paws as sources of historical DNA, and to use this data for preliminary analyses to evaluate changes in population structuring over time. We aimed to search for the presence of genomic signals of the putative recent introduction of Eurasian otters ( Lutra lutra ) from Asia to the UK previously identified using modern data, by analysis of two trophy paws from 1929 to 1952. Substantial proportions of endogenous DNA (77–85%) were identified in both samples for which genomic DNA extraction and sequencing was attempted, illustrating the potential of such specimens for historical DNA research. Autosomal variation suggests that the historical specimens cluster closest to modern specimens from Wales, and not with the variation identified in the East of England, putatively associated with the recent introduction of Eurasian otters from Asia. Similarly, the divergent mitochondrial lineage found in modern otters from the East of England and Asia, was not found in the historical British specimens. Although limited inferences can be made from a sample size of two, this preliminary dataset indicates the huge potential of historical trophy paw samples to assess past population genetic dynamics, calling for further research in this area.

Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learning - Marthe Mieling; Mushfa Yousuf; Nico Bunzeck; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; Susan Landau; Monica Rivera-Mindt; Leslie M. Shaw; Edward B. Lee; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia patients. Features included structural MRI, CSF status, demographics, and genetic data. Analyses comprised one cross-sectional multi-class classification (CN vs. MCI vs. AD dementia, n = 568) and two longitudinal binary-class classifications (CN-to-MCI converters vs. CN stable, n = 92; MCI-to-AD converters vs. MCI stable, n = 378). All classifications achieved 70–77% accuracy and 61–83% precision. Key features were CSF status, hippocampal volume, entorhinal thickness, and amygdala volume, with a clear dissociation: hippocampal properties contributed to the conversion to MCI, while the entorhinal cortex characterized the conversion to AD dementia. The findings highlight explainable, trajectory-specific insights into AD progression.

Investigating the Impact of Seafarer Training in the Autonomous Shipping Era - Jevon P. Chan; Kayvan Pazouki; Rose Norman; David Golightly (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
The maritime industry is rapidly advancing toward the initial stages of the digitised era of shipping, characterised by considerable advances in maritime autonomous technology in recent times. This study examines the effectiveness of training packages and the impact of rank during the failure of a sophisticated autopilot control system. For this study, the fault recognition and diagnostic skills of 60 navigational seafarers conducting a navigational watch in a full mission bridge watchkeeping simulator were analysed. Participants had either significant experience as qualified navigational officers of the watch or were navigational officers of the watch cadets with 12 months’ watchkeeping experience. These groups were subdivided into those who were given a training package focused on behavioural aspects of managing automation, such as maintaining situational awareness, and those given a technical training package. The findings were analysed using an Event Tree Analysis method to assess the participants’ performance in diagnosing a navigation fault. Additionally, the fault recognition skills were assessed between groups of training and rank. The study found that participants who received the behavioural training were more successful in both recognising and diagnosing the fault during the exercise. Behavioural training groups outperformed technical training groups, even when technical training participants were experienced seafarers. This difference in performance occurred without any apparent differences in workload or secondary task performance. Understanding the data gathered from the study could lead to the development of future training regimes for navigational officers of the watch and help to optimise the evolution of the seafaring role.

An assessment of chemical control options for whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in South Texas - Katie J. Pennartz; Evan P. Tanner; Megan K. Clayton; Anthony D. Falk; David B. Wester; Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso (Rangelands, 2025)

Where giants roam: The importance of remote islands and seamount corridors to adult tiger sharks in the South Pacific Ocean - Jordan K. Matley; Lauren Meyer; Adam Barnett; Mark Scott; Elizabeth A. Dinsdale; Michael P. Doane; David Harasti; Lisa A. Hoopes; Charlie Huveneers (Marine Environmental Research, 2025)

Electron microbeam investigations of the spent ash from the pilot-scale acid extraction of rare earth elements from a beneficiated Kentucky fly ash - Debora Berti; John G. Groppo; Prakash Joshi; Dorin V. Preda; David P. Gamliel; Todd Beers; Michael Schrock; Shelley D. Hopps; Tonya D. Morgan; Bernd Zechmann; James C. Hower (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2025)

Environmental risk factors for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease dementia, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment: An umbrella review and meta-analysis - Aaron Jones; Muhammad Usman Ali; Alexandra Mayhew; Komal Aryal; Rebecca H. Correia; Darly Dash; Derek R. Manis; Atiya Rehman; Megan E. O'Connell; Vanessa Taler; Andrew P. Costa; David B. Hogan; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Data-driven sparse learning of three-dimensional subsurface properties incorporating random field theory - Weihang Chen; Chao Shi; Jianwen Ding; Tengfei Wang; David P. Connolly (Engineering Geology, 2025)

How much deforestation in sub-Saharan Africa has been caused by mining? - Abdulkareem I. Ahmed; Mike R. Massam; Robert G. Bryant; David P. Edwards (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Stem Cell Markers LGR5, LGR4 and Their Immediate Signalling Partners are Dysregulated in Preeclampsia - Georgia P. Wong; Sunhild Hartmann; Olivia Nonn; Ping Cannon; Tuong-Vi Nguyen; Manju Kandel; Natasha de Alwis; Ciara N. Murphy; Natasha Pritchard; Ralf Dechend; Natalie J. Hannan; Stephen Tong; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2025)

Manipulation of sward diversity is a more effective management strategy than addition of microbial inoculants in intensively managed grassland - Israel Ikoyi; Aoife M. Duff; John A. Finn; David P. Wall; Tanja Kostic; Eva Lucic-Mercy; Angela Sessitsch; Fiona Brennan (Plant and Soil, 2025)
Background and aims Diversifying grassland sward composition and application of microbial inoculants are potential alternative routes to facilitate enhanced nutrient acquisition by plants, but their relative effects have been rarely tested in grasslands. In a two-year field experiment, we investigated the impact of inoculants and sward types on forage yield, nutrient uptake, and the soil microbiome. Methods We implemented a fully factorial experiment with inoculants (eight levels; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN and Bacillus sp. P5 (P5), applied singly and in combination), and sward types (three levels: grass-only, grass and legume, mixture of grass, legume, and herb) as the two factors. Results In both years, there was a very strong effect of sward type, with the grass + legume and grass + legume + herb swards having much higher yields and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu) than grass-only. Generally, there was no effect of the inoculants on yield and nutrient uptake, with limited exceptions involving AMF + P5. The best-performing microbial inoculant increased forage yield by 597 kg/ha/year, while switching from grass-only to one of the other sward types increased forage yield by 3932 kg/ha/year (grass + legume) and 4693 kg/ha/year (grass + legume + herb). The inoculants persisted in plots for > 1 year after application. Inoculants and sward type significantly affected the overall prokaryotic and fungal community structures. Conclusion Overall, under controlled field plot conditions, including legumes and herbs in a grass sward proved to be a far better farm-scale management strategy for increasing grassland forage yield and nutrient uptake than the application of microbial inoculants.

Growth-promoting effects of natural biostimulants on Lindernia minima regeneration and genetic stability assessment - H. David Raja; R. Tamilvanan; P. Srinivasan; S. Soosai Raj; D. Jeferson; A. Vijay; S. Vigneshwaran (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2025)

Voxel-wise insights into early Alzheimer’s disease pathology progression: the association with APOE and memory decline - Maha Wybitul; Nicolas Langer; Christoph Hock; Anton Gietl; Valerie Treyer; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald-Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Longitudinal investigation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype’s impact on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker progression, focusing on amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and gray matter (GM) atrophy, integrating cognitive decline and baseline levels. Longitudinal florbetapir-PET and T1-weighted MRI data from 100 cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) participants both with considerable global Aβ accumulation (“high Aβ accumulators”) were analyzed using a voxel-wise approach. Associations of APOE genotype and memory decline with Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy were examined separately for each neuroimaging modality, controlling for baseline Aβ levels and diagnosis. Alternatively, the effect of baseline diagnosis, while controlling for memory decline, was investigated. A multimodal analysis evaluated interactions between genotype, memory decline, and GM atrophy on Aβ accumulation. High Aβ accumulators displayed extensive Aβ pathology predominantly in the medial orbito-frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and precuneus, along with GM atrophy in temporal, occipital, orbito-frontal, and parietal areas. ɛ4 carriers with memory decline exhibited greater Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy in selective regions compared to non-carriers with memory decline, while no genotype difference was observed in individuals without decline. No interaction effect was observed for MCI diagnosis. Regional associations between the two biomarkers were similarly dependent on genotype and memory decline. ɛ4 carriers exhibiting memory decline present an accelerated neurobiological pattern at predementia stages, supporting early ɛ4 carrier monitoring and interventions in this at-risk group. Importantly, memory decline might be more informative than MCI regarding AD pathology progression emphasizing the importance of repeated cognitive assessments.

Machine Learning Predicts Non-Preferred and Preferred Vertebrate Hosts of Tsetse Flies (Glossina spp.) Based on Skin Volatile Emission Profiles - Olabimpe Y. Orubuloye; David P. Tchouassi; Abdullahi A. Yusuf; Christian W. W. Pirk; Daniel K. Masiga; Edward Kariuki; Baldwyn Torto (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2025)
Tsetse fly vectors of African trypanosomosis preferentially feed on certain vertebrates largely determined by olfactory cues they emit. Previously, we established that three skin-derived ketones including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone and geranyl acetone accounted for avoidance of zebra by tsetse flies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these three ketones serve as biomarkers for tsetse flies to distinguish between non-preferred- and preferred-vertebrate hosts. We used coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze and compare the skin volatile emissions of two non-preferred- (waterbuck and zebra) and four preferred- (buffalo, donkey, horse, warthog) vertebrate hosts in two wildlife parks in Kenya. We detected a total of 96 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the skin emissions composed mainly of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols and alkanes, which varied with the vertebrate host. Using random forest analysis, we found a weak correlation between the three skin-odor repellent ketones and non-preferred and preferred vertebrate hosts. However, we found that the three repellent ketones plus skin background odors may be more sensitive chemical signals for tsetse flies to discriminate vertebrate hosts. These results contribute to understanding tsetse fly vertebrate host preferences in their natural habitat across geographic scales.

Predicting invasiveness of freshwater fishes imported into North America: regional differences in models and outcomes - Jennifer G. Howeth; Sarah A. Amjad; Crysta A. Gantz; Nicholas E. Mandrak; Paul L. Angermeier; Michael P. Marchetti; Julian D. Olden; David M. Lodge (Biological Invasions, 2025)
Biological invasions driven by international trade heighten the urgency for development of invasion risk models, as the traits and parameters that consistently predict successful invasion remain unresolved. For four regions of North America that include parts of the United States and Canada (Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basins, Lower Colorado River Basin, Great Lakes Region, Mid-Atlantic Region), we construct and compare classification tree models to reveal robust predictors for the establishment and ecological impact stages of freshwater fish invasion. We subsequently apply the models to identify invasive fish species in trade and conduct pathway analyses to determine which trades (aquarium, biological supply, live bait, live food, water garden) and source continents pose the greatest risk to each region. Model results differed by invasion stage and region. Across regions, establishment models shared climate-related predictors including climate match and temperature tolerance. Three of the four impact models contained prior establishment success. The greatest number of species (548) were predicted to establish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin while the fewest (5) were predicted to establish in the Mid-Atlantic. Forty species were predicted to establish in multiple regions, five of which were also predicted to have high impact. The aquarium trade and Asia supplied the most species predicted to establish. Taken together, the results highlight region-specific models, indicating no universal model predicts invasion. Climate-related and prior establishment variables were most useful to risk assessments. The regional models, and identified high-risk pathways and potential invaders, could be applied to prevent future fish invasions in North America.

Otolith and Genomic Data Reveal Temporal Insights Into Stocking Across a Large River Basin in a Mobile, Long‐Lived Australian Freshwater Fish Species - Katherine A. Harrisson; Luciano B. Beheregaray; Christopher M. Bice; Emily J. Booth; Chris J. Brauer; Gavin L. Butler; David Dawson; Olga Dudchenko; Benjamin G. Fanson; Graeme Hackett; Annique Harris; Matthew J. Jones; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Freshwater ecosystems and their biota are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic stressors. In response to declining fish stocks, hatchery and stocking programmes are widely implemented as core components of restoration and management strategies, with positive outcomes for some wild populations. Despite this, stocking remains contentious due to potential genetic and ecological risks to wild populations. Monitoring and evaluation of stocking outcomes are critical to ensuring the long‐term sustainability of wild populations, but identification of stocked individuals post‐release remains a key challenge, particularly for mobile species. In this study, we combined otolith (natal origin and age) and genomic data to identify stocked individuals and evaluate the genetic implications of stocking for a culturally and socioeconomically important and mobile freshwater fish, golden perch Macquaria ambigua (family: Percichthyidae), across Australia's Murray–Darling Basin (MDB). We also generated a chromosome‐level genome assembly. Many close kin were detected across the MDB, increasing in prevalence over recent decades and mostly of hatchery origin. Rivers with many close kin were associated with low effective population sizes ( N e

Eddy dipole differentially influences particle‐associated and water column protistan community composition - Jennifer L. Beatty; Brittany P. Stewart; Lisa Y. Mesrop; Edward F. DeLong; David M. Karl; David A. Caron (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Ocean eddies are mesoscale features that can extend > 100 km and maintain cohesiveness for months, impacting planktonic community structure and water column biogeochemical cycles. Standing stocks of protists in the water column and on sinking particles were investigated using microscopy, in situ imagery, and metabarcoding across an anticyclonic to cyclonic eddy dipole in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre during July 2017. The water column was sampled from the surface to 500 m and particle interceptor traps were deployed at 150 m. Protistan assemblage composition varied substantially between sample type and analytical approach across the eddy dipole. Alveolates represented 63% of sequences from water samples. In contrast to water samples, rhizarian protists represented 79% of trap sequences obtained by metabarcoding of sediment trap material. Microscopy of trap material supported the important contribution of Rhizaria to sinking particles and revealed increased relative abundances of ciliates in the anticyclonic eddy and diatoms in the cyclonic eddy. In situ imagery confirmed the presence of relatively large Rhizaria that were not adequately assessed from water samples but contributed significantly to particle flux. Together, these data demonstrate differing perspectives of planktonic protistan community composition and contributions to sinking particles gained from the application of different sampling and analytic approaches. Our observations and analyses indicate a specific subset of the protistan community contributed disproportionately to organic matter downward export.

Climate‐Driven Vegetation Characteristics Shape Phytophagous and Carnivorous Insect Diversity in South African Savannahs - Fernando P. Gaona; Sylvain Delabye; Pavel Potocký; Valeriy Govorov; Jan Čuda; Llewellyn C. Foxcroft; Rafał Garlacz; Martin Hejda; Sandra MacFadyen; Tomasz Pyrcz; Klára Pyšková; Ondřej Sedláček; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Despite the evidenced importance of insects in savannah ecosystems, the drivers of their diversity patterns remain poorly understood, particularly in the Afrotropical region. This study addresses part of this gap by investigating the effects of climate, habitat, disturbance and vegetation variables on species richness and community composition of phytophagous and predatory insects in South African savannahs. Location Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Taxon Phytophagous insects (moths) and carnivorous insects (mantises). Methods Moths and mantises were light‐trapped in 60 plots distributed across KNP during two seasons. Direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on insect species richness were analysed using structural equation models, and on community composition through distance‐based redundancy analyses (db‐RDA). Results Based on an extensive dataset of 65,593 moth individuals representing 817 species and 3511 mantis individuals representing 38 species, we identified plant communities as the primary driver of species richness and community structure for both insect groups. The effects of vegetation on insect communities were indirectly shaped by climate, particularly mean temperature (negatively correlated with precipitation), through its effects on plant species richness. Additionally, a complex interplay among bedrock type, water availability and disturbance from large herbivores further shaped insect diversity. Main Conclusions Our findings highlight the critical role of plant species richness in determining insect diversity patterns in savannah ecosystems. We also confirmed the region's vulnerability to climate change, as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures alter vegetation composition and biomass, consequently affecting insect communities. Effective conservation strategies should focus on managing large herbivores to maintain diverse vegetation, which is crucial for supporting insect diversity. Priority should be given to balancing water availability and disturbance intensity, particularly in preserving the health of rivers and their surroundings, to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on these ecosystems.

Increased Soil Nitrogen Availability Suppresses Annual Soil Respiration in Mixed Temperate Forests Regardless of Acidification - David W. Frey; Eden Kebede; Jed P. Sparks; Timothy J. Fahey; Christine L. Goodale (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Soil respiration (Rsoil) is the second largest terrestrial carbon (C) flux, and therefore, it is imperative to understand and quantify its responses to global environmental change. Rsoil consists of two component CO 2 fluxes: autotrophic respiration from the metabolic activity of roots (Ra ‐root ) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) derived from the metabolic activity of mycorrhizal fungi and microbial decomposition of detritus, soil organic matter, and rhizodeposits. Increased nitrogen (N) availability often reduces Rsoil in forest ecosystems, but it remains unclear which contributing fluxes govern Rsoil responses and if suppression of Rsoil results from increased N availability itself or from the tendency of added N to acidify soil. Here, we address these uncertainties in a long‐term, large‐scale factorial N × pH experiment in six temperate forest stands in central New York, USA. We anticipated that increasing soil N availability would decrease plant belowground C allocation and related root‐associated respiration and that soil acidification would suppress microbial decomposition, thereby reducing Rh. We found that both acidifying and deacidifying N additions suppressed annual Rsoil by 19% and 13%, respectively (−1.8 Mg C ha −1 year −1 overall), but acidification (from pH 4.67 to 4.22) alone did not detectably affect this flux. Annual Rsoil decreased steeply ( R 2 = 0.66, p −1 year −1 (62% of the Rsoil suppression), while acidification alone had no effect. Our findings demonstrate that soil N availability, not soil pH, is the predominant biogeochemical control over Rsoil in these temperate forests, with larger responses of plant‐driven C fluxes than microbial‐driven C fluxes.

When can we detect lianas from space? Toward a mechanistic understanding of liana‐infested forest optics - Marco D. Visser; Matteo Detto; Félicien Meunier; Jin Wu; Jane R. Foster; David C. Marvin; Peter M. van Bodegom; Boris Bongalov; Matheus Henrique Nunes; David Coomes; Hans Verbeeck; J. Antonio Guzmán Q; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Lianas, woody vines acting as structural parasites of trees, have profound effects on the composition and structure of tropical forests, impacting tree growth, mortality, and forest succession. Remote sensing could offer a powerful tool for quantifying the scale of liana infestation, provided the availability of robust detection methods. We analyze the consistency and global geographic specificity of spectral signals—reflectance across wavelengths—from liana‐infested tree crowns and forest stands, examining the underlying mechanisms of these signals. We compiled a uniquely comprehensive database, including leaf reflectance spectra from 5424 leaves, fine‐scale airborne reflectance data from 999 liana‐infested canopies, and coarse‐scale satellite reflectance data covering 775 ha of liana‐infested forest stands. To unravel the mechanisms of the liana spectral signal, we applied mechanistic radiative transfer models across scales, establishing a synthesis of the relative importance of different mechanisms, which we corroborate with field data on liana leaf chemistry and canopy structure. We find a consistent liana spectral signal at canopy and stand scales across globally distributed sites. This signature mainly arises at the canopy level due to direct effects of more horizontal leaf angles, resulting in a larger projected leaf area, and indirect effects from increased light scattering in the near and short‐wave infrared regions, linked to lianas' less costly leaf construction compared with trees on average. The existence of a consistent global spectral signal for lianas suggests that large‐scale quantification of liana infestation is feasible. However, because the traits responsible for the liana canopy‐reflectance signal are not exclusive to lianas, accurate large‐scale detection requires rigorously validated remote sensing methods. Our models highlight challenges in automated detection, such as potential misidentification due to leaf phenology, tree life history, topography, and climate, especially where the scale of liana infestation is less than a single remote sensing pixel. The observed cross‐site patterns also prompt ecological questions about lianas' adaptive similarities in optical traits across environments, indicating possible convergent evolution due to shared constraints on leaf biochemical and structural traits.

Legal landscape and a few case studies of natural products’ sales in India: challenges and resolutions - P. Jeya Sheela; D. Abiya Chelliah; Sherrie Jesulyn David; J. Winfred Jebaraj; Esther Watson; Amutha M. (Natural Product Research, 2025)

Use of almond hulls in lamb diets – Effects on growth performance and carcass and meat quality - Liliana Cachucho; Susana P. Alves; Manuel Varregoso; Cláudia Costa; Kátia Paulos; João M. Almeida; David Soldado; Olinda Guerreiro; Rui J.B. Bessa; José Santos-Silva; Mª. Teresa P. Dentinho; Eliana Jerónimo (Meat Science, 2025)

Genome-wide analyses provide insights into genetic variation, phylo- and co-phylogenetic relationships, and biogeography of the entomopathogenic nematode genus Heterorhabditis - Ricardo A.R. Machado; Arthur Muller; Alexandre Hiltmann; Aashaq Hussain Bhat; Vladimír Půža; Antoinette P. Malan; Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez; Ernesto San-Blas; Larry W. Duncan; David Shapiro-Ilan; Javad Karimi; Lalramliana; et al. (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2025)

Evaluation of various pretreatments of surface water for ion exchange demineralization in industrial applications - Sarah I. Mueller; Eduard de las Heras García; Lies Hamelink; Lisa Wyseure; David H. Moed; Ivaylo P. Hitsov; Gergana Chapanova; Thomas Diekow; Christian Kaiser; Laurence Palmowski; Thomas Wintgens (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025)

Fault-induced karst features: Insights from the Poço Verde Fault tip in the Northwestern portion of Potiguar Basin, Brazil - Tarsila B. Dantas; Giulia Striglio; Vincenzo La Bruna; Francisco H.R. Bezerra; Fabrizio Balsamo; Renata E.B. Araujo; Carla P.Q. Furtado; Juliana G. Rabelo; Rebeca S. Lima; David L. Vasconcelos; Delano M. Ibanez; Francisco P. Lima-Filho (Journal of Structural Geology, 2025)

Oxidative gaseous air pollutant exposure interacts with PNPLA3-I148M genotype to influence liver fat fraction and multi-omics profiles in young adults - William B. Patterson; Nathan D. Young; Elizabeth A. Holzhausen; Frederick Lurmann; Donghai Liang; Douglas I. Walker; Dean P. Jones; Jiawen Liao; Zhanghua Chen; David V. Conti; Lida Chatzi; Jesse A. Goodrich; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Multi-disciplinary investigation identifies increased potency of ethyl-parathion inhaled within a soil-dust matrix to cause acetylcholinesterase-dependent molecular impacts - Kurt A. Gust; Saroj K. Amar; Chet P. Gut; Renee M. Styles; Ranju R. Karna; R. Arden James; David M. Holtzapple; Joshua.L. Stricker; Shawn M. McInturf; Elizabeth A. Phillips; Cary Honnold; Xiao Luo; et al. (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2025)

Behavior of incrementally launched modular steel truss bridges - Henrique M. Martins; Ashley P. Thrall; David D. Byers; Theodore P. Zoli (Engineering Structures, 2025)

Thermal runaway and frictional melting in MORB-composition garnetite at high pressure: Implications for remote triggering of earthquakes in the transition zone - Fang Xu; David P Dobson; Katharina T Marquardt (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Utilization of Ti3C2Tx MXenes on carbonyl functionalized carbon fiber electrodes - Piers Coia; Bhagya Dharmasiri; David J. Hayne; Timothy Harte; Sabina Dann; Ben Newman; Elmer Austria; Behnam Akhavan; Mia Angela N. Judicpa; Kevinilo P. Marquez; Ken Aldren S. Usman; Jizhen Zhang; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Vegetation influences wolf fine-scale habitat selection and movement rate in a logged coastal rainforest - David P. Gregovich; Gretchen H. Roffler; Christina M. Prokopenko (Oecologia, 2025)

Correction: Metabolic skinflint or spendthrift? Insights into ground sloth integument and thermophysiology revealed by biophysical modeling and clumped isotope paleothermometry - Michael D. Deak; Warren P. Porter; Paul D. Mathewson; David M. Lovelace; Randon J. Flores; Aradhna K. Tripati; Robert A. Eagle; Darin M. Schwartz; Michael T. Butcher (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2025)

Metabolic skinflint or spendthrift? Insights into ground sloth integument and thermophysiology revealed by biophysical modeling and clumped isotope paleothermometry - Michael D. Deak; Warren P. Porter; Paul D. Mathewson; David M. Lovelace; Randon J. Flores; Aradhna K. Tripati; Robert A. Eagle; Darin M. Schwartz; Michael T. Butcher (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2025)
Remains of megatheres have been known since the 18th -century and were among the first megafaunal vertebrates to be studied. While several examples of preserved integument show a thick coverage of fur for smaller ground sloths living in cold climates such as Mylodon and Nothrotheriops , comparatively very little is known about megathere skin. Assuming a typical placental mammal metabolism, it was previously hypothesized that megatheres would have had little-to-no fur as they achieved giant body sizes. Here the “hairless model of integument” is tested using geochemical analyses to estimate body temperature to generate novel models of ground sloth metabolism, fur coverage, and paleoclimate with Niche Mapper software. The simulations assuming metabolic activity akin to those of modern xenarthrans suggest that sparse fur coverage would have resulted in cold stress across most latitudinal ranges inhabited by extinct ground sloths. Specifically, Eremotherium predominantly required dense 10 mm fur with implications for seasonal changes of coat depth in northernmost latitudes and sparse fur in the tropics; Megatherium required dense 30 mm fur year-round in its exclusive range of cooler, drier climates; Mylodon and Nothrotheriops required dense 10–50 mm fur to avoid thermal stress, matching the integument remains of both genera, and further implying the use of behavioral thermoregulation. Moreover, clumped isotope paleothermometry data from the preserved teeth of four genera of ground sloth yielded reconstructed body temperatures lower than those previously reported for large terrestrial mammals (29 ± 2°–32 ± 3° C). This combination of low metabolisms and thick fur allowed ground sloths to inhabit various environments.

Correlates of gait speed changes during uneven terrain walking in older adults: differential roles of cognitive and sensorimotor function - Valay A. Shah; Yenisel Cruz-Almeida; Arkaprava Roy; Erta Cenko; Ryan J. Downey; Daniel P. Ferris; Chris J. Hass; Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz; David J. Clark; Todd M. Manini; Rachael D. Seidler (Experimental Brain Research, 2025)

A revised comprehensive inventory of landslides induced by the 2007 Aysén earthquake, Patagonia - Alejandra Serey; Sergio A. Sepúlveda; William Murphy; Gregory P. De Pascale; David N. Petley (Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2025)

Key conservation actions for European steppes in the context of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework - Cristian Pérez-Granados; Ana Benítez-López; Mario Díaz; João Gameiro; Bernd Lenzner; Núria Roura-Pascual; Julia Gómez-Catasús; Rocío Tarjuelo; Adrián Barrero; Luis Bolonio; Gerard Bota; Mattia Brambilla; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2025)
The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM–GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and national and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate groups in Europe, as a model system, we identified 36 conservation actions for the achievement of the KM–GBF targets and we singled out—through an expert-based consensus approach—ten priority actions for immediate implementation. Three of these priority actions address at least five of the first eight KM–GBF targets, those related to the direct causes of biodiversity loss, and collectively cover all the targets when implemented concurrently. These actions include (i) effectively protecting priority areas, (ii) implementing on-the-ground habitat management actions, and (iii) improving the quality and integration of monitoring programmes. Our findings provide a blueprint for implementing effective strategies to halt biodiversity loss in steppe-like ecosystems. Our approach can be adapted to other taxonomic groups and ecosystems and has the potential to serve as a catalyst for policy-makers, prompting a transition from political commitment to tangible actions, thereby facilitating the attainment of the KM–GBF targets by 2030.

Thermophysical properties of synthetic marialite - David M. Jenkins; Jared P. Matteucci; Alexander J. Kerstanski; Johannes Hammerli; Katherine S. Shanks; Zhongwu Wang (Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2025)
Marialite (Na 3 Al 3 Si 9 O 24 ·NaCl) represents a key end-member of the scapolite mineral group because it has the potential for revealing the chloride content of the paleofluid from which it formed. Here we provide measurements of the basic thermophysical properties of synthetic marialite which do not currently exist and which complement similar data for calcium-carbonate-bearing scapolites. Synthetic marialite was made from reagent oxides and NaCl treated at 1050 °C and 1.7 GPa for 48–120 h. Average unit-cell dimensions for synthetic marialite at 298 K and 1 atm are a o = 12.038 ± 0.002 Å, c o = 7.539 ± 0.004 Å, and V o = 1092.6 ± 0.8 Å 3 , with a molar volume of 328.99 ± 0.24 cm 3 /mole. Thermal expansion measurements were made at 1 atm from 298–1105 K and showed that a increases while c decreases with an overall increase in volume upon heating. Compressibility measurements were made at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell using 4:1 methanol: ethanol pressure medium in transmission mode at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source facility with pressures ranging from 1 atm to 9.6 GPa. The a dimension is more compressible than c up to ~ 5 GPa, beyond which there is noticeable softening along the c axis. Equation of state modeling was done on the combined pressure–temperature-volume data using a Tait equation of state yielding bulk modulus and thermal expansion values for K o , K’ , and α of 51.0 ± 2.0 GPa, 6.68 ± 0.83, and 2.75 ± 0.17 × 10 –5 /K, respectively. Compared with other scapolite data in the literature, the marialite (Na 3 Al 3 Si 9 O 24 ·NaCl)-meionite (Ca 3 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ·CaCO 3 ) join behaves similarly to the albite-anorthite plagioclase join, with end-member marialite having the highest thermal expansion and lowest bulk modulus along the compositional join.

Seed certification, certified seeds use and yield outcomes in Nigeria: Insights from nationally-representative farm panel data and seed company location data - Hiroyuki Takeshima; Catherine Ragasa; Temilolu Bamiwuye; Kwaw S. Andam; David J. Spielman; Hyacinth O. Edeh; Adetunji Fasoranti; Beliyou Haile; Chibuzo Nwagboso; Lucky O. Omoigui; Tahirou Abdoulaye; P. Lava Kumar; et al. (Agricultural Systems, 2025)

Dust transport pathways from The Great Basin - Ronald S. Treminio; Nicholas P. Webb; Saroj Dhital; Akasha Faist; Beth Newingham; Colby Brungard; David DuBois; Brandon L. Edwards; Emily Kachergis (Aeolian Research, 2025)

Identifying gaps in the conservation of small wild cats of Southeast Asia - Luca Chiaverini; David W. Macdonald; Andrew J. Hearn; Żaneta Kaszta; Eric Ash; Özgün Emre Can; Phan Channa; Susan M. Cheyne; Gopalasamy Reuben Clements; Iding Achmad Haidir; Jan F. Kamler; Pyae Phyoe Kyaw; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)
Southeast Asia hosts more felid species than any other region and, although smaller (

Current state of plant conservation translocations across Europe: motivations, challenges and outcomes - Sandrine Godefroid; Sam Lacquaye; Andreas Ensslin; Sarah Dalrymple; Thomas Abeli; Hannah Branwood; Inmaculada Ferrando Pardo; P. Pablo Ferrer Gallego; Elke Zippel; Luísa Gouveia; Carlos Alberto Lobo; Francisco Fernandes; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)

Exposed and Vulnerable: Sources and Health Implications of Chemical Exposures in Neonatal, Pediatric, and Cardiac Intensive Care Units - Jordan R. Kuiper; Melania Bembea; J. William Gaynor; David Graham; Eric M. Graham; Kurunthachalam Kannan; Nikki G. Posnack; Allen D. Everett; Jessie P. Buckley (Current Environmental Health Reports, 2025)

A Two-Decade Overview of the Environmental Carrying Capacity in Bahía Santa Maria–La Reforma Coastal Lagoon System - Omar Calvario-Martínez; Julio Medina-Galvan; Virginia P. Domínguez-Jiménez; Rosalba Alonso-Rodríguez; Miguel A. Sánchez-Rodríguez; Paulina M. Reyes-Velarde; Miguel Betancourt-Lozano; David Serrano-Hernández (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
Santa María Bay–La Reforma (SMBLR), with its 58,300 ha is one of Mexico’s most extensive estuarine lagoon systems. It is made up of islands, estuaries, and mangrove areas, which provide a vital part of the habitat and refuge of a significant number of birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. The fishing of blue and brown shrimp, marine and estuarine fish, as well as the exploitation of crab and bivalve mollusks, represent an important economic value for the communities that live there and for the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. This state ranked second in fisheries production and first in aquaculture production by 2023. However, the biological richness of this ecosystem has historically been threatened by economic activities such as agriculture, livestock, and aquaculture that, via watersheds, translate into continuous inputs of nutrients and other pollutants. This has led to modifications to the system such as changes in the structure of pelagic and benthic communities, mainly in response to eutrophication. To understand the dynamics of nutrient inputs to the ecosystem, this work presents a comparative analysis of the system’s carrying capacity and the magnitude of the main economic activities from 2007 to 2019. We found that during each season of the year and its transitions, the system functions as a nitrogen and phosphorus sink, which is associated with autotrophic net ecosystem metabolism and nitrogen fixation processes. We suggest that while water residence times in SMBLR are short, these are strongly influenced by the high volumes of water and nutrient loads determined by the spatio-temporal variations in hydrological drainage from the basins of influence of the system. The discharge of agriculture and aquaculture drains into SMBLR are areas of concern due to the high amount of nutrients. Although SMBLR is mostly an autotrophic system, there are signs that the carrying capacity during some seasons has been exceeded, and adverse ecological and socioeconomic effects in the basin are evident.

Coastal Lagoon's dual role as a sink and source for microplastics: A case study from India - Kuppuswamy Dhineka; Thanamegam Kaviarasan; Murugan Sambandam; Danja P. Hoehn; David Sivyer; Adil Bakir; S.R. Marigoudar; Pravakar Mishra (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Validation of gut transit rate assessment methodology and the mitigation of sampling stress in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar - Paige C. Miles; Thomas S. Mock; Matthew K. Jago; Michael J. Salini; Richard P. Smullen; David S. Francis (Aquaculture, 2025)

Electronic cigarettes alter cardiac rhythm and heart rate variability hyperacutely in mice - Jocelyn A. Castellanos; Carson G. Cornett; David H. Gonzalez; Liqiao Li; Karla Luna; Holly R. Middlekauff; Rajat Gupta; Maria C. Jordan; Dennis Rünger; Yifang Zhu; Xuesi M. Shao; Kenneth P. Roos; et al. (Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2025)

Managing wilding pines in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Progress and prospects - Grant Martin; Kim Canavan; Gerald Chikowore; Richard Bugan; Willem De Lange; Ben du Toit; Graham Harding; Ronald Heath; Martin Hill; Brett P. Hurley; Philip Ivey; Debbie Muir; et al. (South African Journal of Botany, 2025)

Control of N-nitrosamine impurities in drug products: Progressing the current CPCA framework and supporting the derivation of robust compound specific acceptable intakes - David J. Ponting; Andreas Czich; Susan P. Felter; Susanne Glowienke; James S. Harvey; Raphael Nudelman; Joerg Schlingemann; Stephanie Simon; Graham F. Smith; Andrew Teasdale; Robert Thomas (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2025)

Source specific fine particles and rates of asthma and COPD healthcare encounters pre- and post-implementation of the Tier 3 vehicle emissions control regulations - Shao Lin; Yukang Xue; Sathvik Thandra; Quan Qi; Sally W. Thurston; Daniel P. Croft; Mark J. Utell; Philip K. Hopke; David Q. Rich (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Impacts of changes in climate and water demand on flow in a subtropical river catchment below a major dam - Chao Deng; Hong Zhang; David P. Hamilton; Anna Hollingsworth (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

An integrated participatory framework for WEFE nexus strategic planning: The Jordan Valley case study - Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Katerina Troullaki; Maria A. Lilli; Suleiman Halasah; David Lehrer; Stelios Rozakis; Shlomo Wald; Ashraf Al Ajrami; Shaddad Al-Attili; Shiri Zemah-Shamir; Anan Jayyousi; Iddo Kan; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Temperate grassland conversion to conifer forest destabilises mineral soil carbon stocks - François-Xavier Joly; M. Francesca Cotrufo; Mark H. Garnett; David Johnson; Jocelyn M. Lavallee; Carsten W. Mueller; Mike P. Perks; Jens-Arne Subke (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous diseases in three cats - Milena C. Paz; Igor R. Santos; Lucas T. de Castro; Gabriela Hartmann; Luan C. Henker; Jacqueline Raiter; Regina T. Kemper; Júlia G. Wronski; Eryca C. Lamego; Luiza da Rosa Robusto; Luciana Sonne; David Driemeier; et al. (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2025)

Pathology of peritonitis in cattle - Eryca C. Lamego; Igor R. Santos; Milena C. Paz; Francisca M.S. Barbosa; Luciana Sonne; Welden Panziera; David Driemeier; Saulo P. Pavarini (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2025)

Multi-stage hydrothermal activity affecting the early Jurassic K7 coal seam from the Gaosheng coal Mine, Sichuan Basin, southwest China: Evidence from whole-rock geochemistry and C-O-Sr isotopes in authigenic carbonates - Rongjie Wang; Shifeng Dai; Baruch F. Spiro; Victor P. Nechaev; David French; Ian T. Graham; Mingxuan Zhou; Jingjing Liu; Shaobo Di; Xiao Tian (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2025)

Mature forest habitat mitigates the decline of an endangered greater glider population through a widespread disturbance event - Justin G. Cally; Phoebe V. Macak; Matt P. Chick; Brad Blake; Benjamin Wagner; David S.L. Ramsey (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Design of heat-resilient housing in hot-arid regions - David P. Birge; Jonathon Brearley; Zhujing Zhang; Leslie K. Norford (Energy and Buildings, 2025)

Global vegetation zonation and terrestrial climate of the warm Early Eocene - Nick Thompson; Ulrich Salzmann; David K. Hutchinson; Stephanie L. Strother; Matthew J. Pound; Torsten Utescher; Julia Brugger; Thomas Hickler; Emma P. Hocking; Daniel J. Lunt (Earth-Science Reviews, 2025)

Enhanced production of jet fuel precursors via furfural/cyclopentanone aldol condensation by synergistic pairing TiO2 with nano-ZSM-5 zeolite - Jennifer Cueto; Daniel de la Calle; María del Mar Alonso-Doncel; Elena A. Giner; Rafael A. García-Muñoz; David P. Serrano (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes” [Biol. Conserv. 300 (2024), 110843] - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Colourful Brazilian anurans are preferentially targeted by wildlife trade - Joseph L. Werling; Oscar Morton; David P. Edwards (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Contrasting response of root traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal trees to phosphorus availability in subtropical forests - Yanwen Chen; Minxia Liang; David F. R. P. Burslem; David Johnson; Shixiao Yu; Xubing Liu (Plant and Soil, 2025)

Arming AAV9 with a Single-Chain Fragment Variable Antibody Against PD-1 for Systemic Glioblastoma Therapy - Semer Maksoud; Markus W. Schweiger; Elie I. Tabet; Tianhe Xiao; Joelle El Hokayem; Max Zinter; Litia A. Carvalho; Koen Breyne; David P. Noske; Ennio Antonio Chiocca; Bakhos A. Tannous (Molecular Neurobiology, 2025)

Differential Attraction of Summer and Winter Morphs of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to Yeasts - Rory Jones; Matthew R. Goddard; Paul E. Eady; David R. Hall; Daniel P. Bray; Dudley I. Farman; Michelle T. Fountain (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2025)
Drosophila suzukii is a pest of soft and stone fruits that is attracted to yeast volatile metabolites. Drosophila suzukii has distinct summer and winter morphs which are found in different habitats. Complex communities of yeasts likely differ between habitats and thus we hypothesized morphs differ in their attraction to yeast volatiles from different species and combinations of species. We presented D. suzukii with yeast species in isolation and in combinations, as either post-culture mixes or co-cultured, and measured activity of the flies in laboratory choice tests with a Locomotor Activity Monitor as a proxy for attraction. Candida zemplinina was more attractive to winter than summer morphs when cultured in both sterile strawberry juice (SSJ) and artificial culture media (YPD). No significant correlations were found between principle component scores derived from single yeast volatile profiles and fly activity. There was also differential attraction of morphs to certain yeast mixes, most notably post SSJ culture mixes of Hanseniaspora uvarum and C. zemplinina were consistently more attractive to winter morphs. Mixtures of Metschnikowia pulcherrima + Pichia pijperi + H. uvarum in SSJ and M. pulcherrima + P. pijperi yeasts in YPD were also preferred by winter morphs, whilst summer morphs were attracted to SSJ co-cultures of M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum . However, co-culturing yeasts did not enhance attraction compared to post-culture mixes of constituent yeasts for either morph. Differential attraction of morphs to certain yeasts suggests options for new bait formulations in integrated pest management strategies may be tailored to better target morphs.

Diavik Waste Rock Project: Post-emplacement investigation of sulfide weathering from a deconstructed experimental waste-rock pile - Colleen Atherton; David Wilson; Steven P. Holland; Katherine E. Raymond; David R. Barsi; Jordan Zak; Leslie Smith; David C. Sego; Richard T. Amos; Dogan Paktunc; Carol J. Ptacek; David W. Blowes (Applied Geochemistry, 2025)

Exploring the Middle Stone Age lithic technology at DGS, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania - Irene Solano-Megías; José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández; Juan Marín; David M. Martín-Perea; Agness Gidna; Audax Z. P. Mabulla (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2025)
Olduvai Gorge, nestled between the East African Rift Valley and the Mozambique Belt, is key to understanding human evolution. Even though extensive archaeological and palaeoanthropological findings have been unearthed here since the 1930s, the Middle Stone Age in this area has nonetheless received less attention than the Oldowan or the Acheulean. This paper presents the lithic technology analysis of Dorothy Garrod Site (DGS), a newly-documented MSA site located at the junction of the main gorge and the side gorge at Olduvai. DGS provides valuable additional knowledge to our understanding of the MSA groups that inhabited the region, offering insights into the mobility and settlement patterns of human groups in East Africa during MIS 4. This study focuses on the techno-typological characterization of the DGS lithic assemblage through an analysis of the raw material management strategies and knapping methods employed. The presence of discoid and Levallois methods, as well as single platform methods shows DGS to be a ‘typical’ MSA archaeological site, together with its associated fauna. The retouched pieces are scarce and characterized by a high presence of denticulates, retouched flakes and notches, as well as by the low presence of heavy-duty tools and total absence of points. All of these features make of DGS an exceptional MSA site at the heart of Olduvai.

Habitat heterogeneity over multiple scales supports dense and diverse megafaunal communities on a northeast Pacific ridge - Fanny Girard; David W. Caress; Jennifer B. Paduan; Linda A. Kuhnz; Steven Y. Litvin; Emma Flattery; Amanda S. Kahn; Andrew DeVogelaere; Erica J. Burton; Christopher Lovera; Eric J. Martin; James P. Barry (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Marine environments are highly heterogeneous, varying across scales of a few meters to entire ocean basins. Understanding the relationship between environmental variability and species distribution is essential for area‐based management and conservation. However, this requires a precise alignment of seabed mapping with environmental and biological sampling, which is often difficult to achieve in the deep sea. There is thus an urgent need to tackle this challenge to effectively manage high‐diversity habitats such as deep‐sea coral and sponge aggregations. Relying on multiple subsea platforms, seafloor mapping, and imaging techniques, we mapped the distribution of megafaunal communities at Sur Ridge (780–1525‐m depth; off central California) across multiple spatial scales. First, remotely operated vehicle video transects were conducted to characterize community distribution along the ridge in relation to substratum type, environmental conditions, and 1‐m resolution bathymetry. Five distinct communities, located in specific areas of the ridge, were identified. These communities were primarily structured by depth, availability of hard substrata, and terrain complexity (slope and rugosity). Indicator taxa were identified for each community and their distributions were characterized at the centimeter scale from coregistered 5‐mm resolution photomosaic and 5‐cm lateral resolution bathymetry produced during low altitude remotely operated vehicle surveys. High‐resolution mapping allowed the identification of associations between deep‐sea coral and sponge and other benthic taxa and showed that, even at these small scales, different taxa associate with distinct microhabitats. These results highlight the importance of accounting for habitat heterogeneity, and its role in supporting biodiversity when designing management and conservation strategies.

Traits related to distributional range shifts of marine fishes - Martha P. Rincón‐Díaz; Guillermo M. Svendsen; Leonardo A. Venerus; Lujan Villanueva‐Gomila; María E. Lattuca; Fabián A. Vanella; Josefina Cuesta Núñez; David E. Galván (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
In the context of global change, reviewing the relationships between marine fish traits and their range shifts is required to (1) identify ecological generalizations regarding the influence of traits on range shifts at a global scale and (2) investigate the rationale behind trait inclusion in models describing those relationships. We systematically searched for studies on marine fish assemblages that identified distributional shifts and analyzed the relationship between fish traits and these shifts. We reviewed 29 papers and identified 11 shift type characterizations and 41 traits, noting significant variation in measurement methods and model types used to describe their relationships. We identified global trait redundancies in the relationship between fish traits and latitudinal range shifts. These trends are related to the fishes' latitudinal range, trophic level, water column habitat, body size, size‐at‐settlement, growth rate, and larval swimming ability. The first four traits, along with fish bottom habitat, biogeographic affinity, diet, and thermal affinity, also showed significant relationships across four ways to characterize horizontal range shifts of fish species. The significance of these traits suggests their relevance in range shifting, regardless of the analyses conducted, biogeographic realm, and range shift type. However, trait redundancies require further consideration, mainly because some traits show opposing relationships in different studies, and important biogeographic research gaps limit global generalizations about the trait–range shift relationship. Half of the studies analyzed provided a rationale for 23 out of 41 traits. We also provide guidelines for future work to better understand the influence of traits on fish range shifts.

EuPPollNet : A European Database of Plant‐Pollinator Networks - Jose B. Lanuza; Tiffany M. Knight; Nerea Montes‐Perez; Will Glenny; Paola Acuña; Matthias Albrecht; Maddi Artamendi; Isabelle Badenhausser; Joanne M. Bennett; Paolo Biella; Ricardo Bommarco; Andree Cappellari; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation Pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining Earth's terrestrial biodiversity. However, rapid human‐induced environmental changes are compromising the long‐term persistence of plant‐pollinator interactions. Unfortunately, we lack robust, generalisable data capturing how plant‐pollinator communities are structured across space and time. Here, we present the EuPPollNet (European Plant‐Pollinator Networks) database, a fully open European‐level database containing harmonised taxonomic data on plant‐pollinator interactions referenced in both space and time, along with other ecological variables of interest. In addition, we evaluate the taxonomic and sampling coverage of EuPPollNet, and summarise key structural properties in plant‐pollinator networks. We believe EuPPollNet will stimulate research to address data gaps in plant‐pollinator interactions and guide future efforts in conservation planning. Main Types of Variables Included EuPPollNet contains 1,162,109 interactions between plants and pollinators from 1864 distinct networks, which belong to 52 different studies distributed across 23 European countries. Information about sampling methodology, habitat type, biogeographic region and additional taxonomic rank information (i.e. order, family, genus and species) is also provided. Spatial Location and Grain The database contains 1214 different sampling locations from 13 different natural and anthropogenic habitats that fall in 7 different biogeographic regions. All records are geo‐referenced and presented in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Time Period and Grain Species interaction data was collected between 2004 and 2021. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database contains interaction data at the species level for 94% of the records, including a total of 1411 plant and 2223 pollinator species. The database includes data on 6% of the European species of flowering plants, 34% of bees, 26% of butterflies and 33% of syrphid species at the European level. Software Format The database was built with R and is stored in ‘.rds’ and ‘.csv’ formats. Its construction is fully reproducible and can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747448 .

LandFrag : A Dataset to Investigate the Effects of Forest Loss and Fragmentation on Biodiversity - Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Maurício Humberto Vancine; Nathan J. Sanders; Nick M. Haddad; Lucas Cortinhas; Anne Lene T. O. Aase; Willian Moura de Aguiar; Marcelo Adrian Aizen; Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez; Arturo Baz; Maíra Benchimol; Enrico Bernard; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation The accelerated and widespread conversion of once continuous ecosystems into fragmented landscapes has driven ecological research to understand the response of biodiversity to local (fragment size) and landscape (forest cover and fragmentation) changes. This information has important theoretical and applied implications, but is still far from complete. We compiled the most comprehensive and updated database to investigate how these local and landscape changes determine species composition, abundance and trait diversity of multiple taxonomic groups in forest fragments across the globe. Main Types of Variables Contained We gathered data for 1472 forest fragments, providing information on the abundance and composition of 9154 species belonging to vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. For 2703 of these species, we obtained more than 20 functional traits. We provided the spatial location and size of each fragment and metrics of landscape composition and configuration. Spatial Location and Grain The dataset includes 1472 forest fragments sampled in 121 studies from all continents except Antarctica. Most datasets (77%) are from tropical regions, 17% are from temperate regions, and 6% are from subtropical regions. Species abundance and composition were collected at the plot or fragment scale, whereas the landscape metrics were extracted with buffer size ranging from a radius of 200–2000 m. Time Period and Grain Data on the abundance of species and community composition were collected between 1994 and 2022, and the landscape metrics were extracted from the same year that a given study collected the abundance and composition data. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The studied organisms included invertebrates (Arachnida, Insecta and Gastropoda; 41% of the datasets), vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, Aves and Mammalia; 44%), and vascular plants (19%), and the lowest level of identification was species or morphospecies. Software Format The dataset and code can be downloaded on Zenodo or GitHub.

Global Marine Flyways Identified for Long‐Distance Migrating Seabirds From Tracking Data - Joanne M. Morten; Ana P. B. Carneiro; Martin Beal; Anne‐Sophie Bonnet‐Lebrun; Maria P. Dias; Marie‐Morgane Rouyer; Autumn‐Lynn Harrison; Jacob González‐Solís; Victoria R. Jones; Virginia A. Garcia Alonso; Michelle Antolos; Javier A. Arata; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim To identify the broad‐scale oceanic migration routes (‘marine flyways’) used by multiple pelagic, long‐distance migratory seabirds based on a global compilation of tracking data. Location Global. Time Period 1989–2023. Major Taxa Studied Seabirds (Families: Phaethontidae, Hydrobatidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Laridae and Stercorariidae). Methods We collated a comprehensive global tracking dataset that included the migratory routes of 48 pelagic and long‐distance migrating seabird species across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans. We grouped individuals that followed similar routes, independent of species or timings of migration, using a dynamic time warping clustering approach. We visualised the routes of each cluster using a line density analysis and used knowledge of seabird spatial ecology to combine the clusters to identify the broad‐scale flyways followed by most pelagic migratory seabirds tracked to‐date at an ocean‐basin scale. Results Six marine flyways were identified across the world's oceans: the Atlantic Ocean Flyway, North Indian Ocean Flyway, East Indian Ocean Flyway, West Pacific Ocean Flyway, Pacific Ocean Flyway and Southern Ocean Flyway. Generally, the flyways were used bidirectionally, and individuals either followed sections of a flyway, a complete flyway, or their movements linked two or more flyways. Transhemispheric figure‐of‐eight routes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a circumnavigation flyway in the Southern Ocean correspond with major wind ‐ driven ocean currents. Main Conclusions The marine flyways identified demonstrate that pelagic seabirds have similar and repeatable migration routes across ocean‐basin scales. Our study highlights the need to account for connectivity in seabird conservation and provides a framework for international cooperation.

The need for carbon finance schemes to tackle overexploitation of tropical forest wildlife - Caroline E. Milson; Jun Ying Lim; Daniel J. Ingram; David P. Edwards (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Defaunation of tropical forests, particularly from unsustainable hunting, has diminished populations of key seed dispersers for many tree species, driving shifts in forest community composition toward small‐fruited or wind‐dispersed trees with low wood density. Such shifts can reduce aboveground biomass, prompting calls for overexploitation to be included in bioeconomic policy, but a synthesis of existing literature for wildlife impacts on carbon stores is lacking. We evaluated the role of wildlife in tropical forest tree recruitment and found that it was critical to tropical forest carbon dynamics. The emerging financial value of ecosystem services provided by tropical forest fauna highlights the need for carbon‐based payments for ecosystem services schemes to include wildlife protection. We argue for three cost‐effective actions within carbon finance schemes that can facilitate wildlife protection: support land security opportunities for Indigenous peoples and local communities; provide support for local people to protect forest fauna from overexploitation; and focus on natural regeneration in restoration projects. Incorporating defaunation in carbon‐financing schemes more broadly requires an increased duration of carbon projects and an improved understanding of defaunation impacts on carbon stores and ecosystem‐level models. Without urgent action to halt wildlife losses and prevent empty forest syndrome, the crucial role of tropical forests in tackling climate change may be in jeopardy.

Analyzing the relative importance of habitat quantity and quality for boosting pollinator populations in agricultural landscapes - Thijs P. M. Fijen; Gabriella A. Bishop; Cristina Ganuza; Jeroen Scheper; David Kleijn (Conservation Biology, 2025)
To increase pollinator populations, international policy targets minimum levels of seminatural habitat cover, but it is unknown whether improving the quality of existing habitats could bring similar benefits without the need of reducing cropland area. Using data we collected in 26 Italian agricultural landscapes during the entire flying season, we explored the relative importance of habitat quantity (seminatural habitat cover) and quality (flower availability) on pollinator densities in seminatural habitats. We obtained transect‐based counts and estimated the effect of habitat quantity (proportion of seminatural habitat) and quality (flower cover and richness) on wild bee and hoverfly densities. We used the relationships revealed in the data to simulate pollinator population sizes in landscapes with varying habitat quantity and quality. Wild bee densities were only related to flower availability, whereas hoverfly densities were additionally related to seminatural habitat cover. We found that in complex agricultural landscapes (above 15% seminatural habitat cover), improving habitat quality increased pollinator populations more effectively than increasing habitat quantity. However, increasing habitat quantity was by far the most effective approach for boosting pollinator populations in simple landscapes.

Dynamic proportional loss of functional connectivity revealed change of left superior frontal gyrus in subjective cognitive decline: an explanatory study based on Chinese and Western cohorts - Luyao Wang; Wenjing Hu; Fan Dong; Can Sheng; Jinglong Wu; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Substrate stiffness dictates unique doxorubicin-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and transcriptomic signatures in human pulmonary fibroblasts - Huixun Du; Jacob P. Rose; Joanna Bons; Li Guo; Taylor R. Valentino; Fei Wu; Jordan B. Burton; Nathan Basisty; Max Manwaring-Mueller; Priya Makhijani; Nan Chen; Veronica Chang; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Trace Elemental Indicators of Life History in Marsupial Teeth - William M. G. Parker; Justin W. Adams; David P. Hocking; Erich M. G. Fitzgerald; Geoff Shaw; Marilyn B. Renfree; Alistair R. Evans (Biological Trace Element Research, 2025)
As teeth develop, their mineralised composition is a bio-recorder of diet, environment, and growth. High-resolution elemental mapping provides a tool to reveal records of life history within teeth. The relative concentrations of a range of trace elements change between in utero development, birth, and weaning in eutherian mammals. Marsupials, however, have a different mode of development: altricial birth and growth within the pouch facilitated by compositional transitions in milk. How these differences alter patterns of elemental mineralisation and become recorded in marsupial teeth is previously unknown. This study analyses the distribution of calcium (major element), zinc (actively incorporated trace element), and strontium (passively incorporated trace element) in the teeth of five species of diprotodontian marsupial using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We find that the diprotodontian lower incisor concatenates elemental variation from across the molariform dentition, preserving a prolonged record of life history in four of the five species. Patterns of elemental incorporation in enamel, dentine, and cementum are presented, with Ca, Zn, and Sr having differing distributions. Zn accretion indicates a role in mineralisation and/or prevention of tooth degradation. Zn also demarcates incremental cementum lines. Sr is shown to be passively incorporated into marsupial teeth, with increasing Sr concentration in milk recorded in dental tissues formed contemporaneously. Older individuals have oscillatory signals in Sr that appear linked to seasonality. These findings highlight some similarities between eutherian and marsupial trace element incorporation, particularly in the distribution of Zn. Sr signals in marsupial teeth record key aspects of life history.

Automated Lesion and Feature Extraction Pipeline for Brain MRIs with Interpretability - Reza Eghbali; Pierre Nedelec; David Weiss; Radhika Bhalerao; Long Xie; Jeffrey D. Rudie; Chunlei Liu; Leo P. Sugrue; Andreas M. Rauschecker (Neuroinformatics, 2025)
This paper introduces the Automated Lesion and Feature Extraction (ALFE) pipeline, an open-source, Python-based pipeline that consumes MR images of the brain and produces anatomical segmentations, lesion segmentations, and human-interpretable imaging features describing the lesions in the brain. ALFE pipeline is modeled after the neuroradiology workflow and generates features that can be used by physicians for quantitative analysis of clinical brain MRIs and for machine learning applications. The pipeline uses a decoupled design which allows the user to customize the image processing, image registrations, and AI segmentation tools without the need to change the business logic of the pipeline. In this manuscript, we give an overview of ALFE, present the main aspects of ALFE pipeline design philosophy, and present case studies.

Do the biological characteristics of trout ( Salmo trutta ) smolts influence their spring migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration? - Jonathan P. Gillson; Robert E. Blackwell; Stephen D. Gregory; Jessica E. Marsh; Tea Bašić; Sophie A. M. Elliott; R. Andrew King; David L. Maxwell; William D. Riley; Jamie R. Stevens; Alan M. Walker; Rasmus B. Lauridsen (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
Anadromous salmonids migrate seaward to exploit feeding and growth opportunities in marine habitats, yet how smolt biological characteristics influence their marine migratory behavior remains poorly understood. This study used 9 years of trout ( Salmo trutta ) population monitoring data from 15,595 tagged age‐0+ parr, 1033 smolts detected migrating downstream in spring, and 99 adults detected returning from their first marine migration to the River Frome (Dorset, UK) to investigate the influence of smolt biological characteristics on their migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration. Age‐specific differences in the influence of smolt length on migration timing were found, with longer 1‐year‐old smolts emigrating later than their shorter counterparts within the same age class, but the opposite association existed for 2‐year‐old smolts. A bespoke integrated statistical model quantified the effects of smolt emigration day of year, age, sex, and length on the probability of first‐time migrants returning to the river after one or more sea winters. Younger, later migrating smolts had a longer marine sojourn duration than their older, earlier migrating counterparts, and females remained at sea for longer periods than males. Although the statistical model was designed to maximize the use of information available in the data, it revealed only weak effects of smolt biological characteristics on the maiden marine sojourn duration. A complementary simulation study suggested that detecting more spring migrating smolts and analyzing longer time series of trout population monitoring data would increase the ability to detect statistically significant effects. Therefore, a strategic review of the trout population monitoring program, including more long‐term biological data collection, is recommended. The modelling work presented here can provide guidance on the size of the required dataset and how to maximize the power of imperfect data.

Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, and Vestibular Areflexia as a Presentation of a Novel DNMT1 Mutation - Jake Sossamon; Patrick O’Connell; David P. W. Rastall (The Cerebellum, 2025)

Promoting Workplace Health, Safety, and Well-Being Among Essential Agricultural Workers Through Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases Training in the Rio Grande Valley - Anabel Rodriguez; David I Douphrate; Ana L Pineda Reyes; Susana Zavala; Andrea V. Cabrera Cruz; Maria D Alegria; Brian Ukaegbu; Annie J Keeney; Brenda Berumen-Flucker; Eva M Shipp; Shannon P Guillot-Wright; Maria E Fernandez-Esquer; et al. (Journal of Agromedicine, 2025)

Spatial distribution and fecundity of the cinnamon shrimp, Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Jequitinhonha River (BA), Brazil - David P. Rios; Anne C. S. Mendonça; Gustavo L. Hirose (Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2025)

Evaluating the suitability of large-scale datasets to estimate nitrogen loads and yields across different spatial scales - Andrés Felipe Suárez-Castro; Dale M. Robertson; Bernhard Lehner; Marcelo L. de Souza; Michael Kittridge; David A. Saad; Simon Linke; Rich W. McDowell; Mohammad Hassan Ranjbar; Olivier Ausseil; David P. Hamilton (Water Research, 2025)

Insecticide application prevents honey bees from realizing benefits of native forage in an agricultural landscape - Ashley L. St. Clair; Adam G. Dolezal; Randall P. Cass; Harmen P. Hendriksma; David S. Stein; Kate E. Borchardt; Erin W. Hodgson; Matthew E. O'Neal; Amy L. Toth (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Mobilization of porewater Pb and Zn in response to seasonal wetting and drying within contaminated floodplains - Anna M. Wade; Chris S. Eckley; Matthew Noerpel; Jennifer Goetz; David Leptich; Kim Prestbo; David Van de Riet; Steve Sluka; Richard Wilkin; Todd P. Luxton (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Increased age and reduced physical activity level worsen thermoregulatory pacing behaviour in men during walking exercise in the heat - Alison Millyard; Henry B. Ogden; Sally P. Waterworth; David B. Pyne; Joseph D. Layden; Saul R. Bloxham (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2025)

Discovery of steroidal alkaloid metabolites and their accumulation in pigs after short-term tomato consumption - Maria J. Sholola; Mallory L. Goggans; Michael P. Dzakovich; David M. Francis; Sheila K. Jacobi; Jessica L. Cooperstone (Food Chemistry, 2025)

Examining disparities in PFAS plasma concentrations: Impact of drinking water contamination, food access, proximity to industrial facilities and superfund sites - Shiwen Li; Jesse A. Goodrich; Elizabeth Costello; Douglas I. Walker; Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez; Jiawen Carmen Chen; Tanya L. Alderete; Damaskini Valvi; Sarah Rock; Sandrah P. Eckel; Rob McConnell; Frank D. Gilliland; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Adverse impacts of off-road vehicles on coastal dune vegetation are widespread, substantial, and long-lasting: Evidence from a global meta-analysis of sandy beach-dune systems - Thomas A. Schlacher; Michael A. Weston; Shane Orchard; Brendan P. Kelaher; Brooke Maslo; Jenifer E. Dugan; David M. Hubbard; Leonardo Costa; Melanie J. Bishop; Kristal N. Kostoglu; Ben L. Gilby; Christofer J. Henderson; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Toward reproducible and interoperable environmental modeling: Integration of HydroShare with server-side methods for exposing large-extent spatial datasets to models - Young-Don Choi; Iman Maghami; Jonathan L. Goodall; Lawrence Band; Ayman Nassar; Laurence Lin; Linnea Saby; Zhiyu Li; Shaowen Wang; Chris Calloway; Hong Yi; Martin Seul; et al. (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Mitigating damages to infill walls under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings using a spider web-inspired strengthening strategy: Numerical analyses - Mohammad Asad; Julian Thamboo; Tatheer Zahra; David P. Thambiratnam (Engineering Structures, 2025)

Electro-responsive hyaluronic acid-based click-hydrogels for wound healing - Víctor Castrejón-Comas; Nil Mataró; Leonor Resina; David Zanuy; Quim Nuñez-Aulina; Joel Sánchez-Morán; Hamidreza Enshaei; Marc Arnau; Helena Muñoz-Galán; Joshua C. Worch; Andrew P. Dove; Carlos Alemán; et al. (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025)

A probabilistic coral rubble mechanical instability model applied with field observations from the Great Barrier reef - Dongfang Liu; David P. Callaghan; Ananth Wuppukondur; Tom E. Baldock (Coastal Engineering, 2025)

Structural and hydrodynamic modelling of the probability of breakage of branching and plate coral colonies - Wen Deng; Tania Kenyon; Karen Eigeland; David P. Callaghan; Tom E. Baldock (Coastal Engineering, 2025)

Severe Outcomes in Suspected Pediatric Delta-8-THC Exposures - Simon J. Ostrowski; Matthew P. Scanlon; David J. Barton; Michael J. Lynch; William J. Trautman (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2025)

Dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, and ceftazidime for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Türkiye - Ecem Buyukyanbolu; Christian M. Gill; Leyla Genc; Mehmet Karakus; Fusun Comert; Baris Otlu; Elif Aktas; David P. Nicolau (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2025)

Seven Years of Monitoring the Development of an Oyster Reef Living Shoreline - Jenny P. Shinn; Amy Bredes; David Bushek; Laura Kerr; Danielle Kreeger; Danielle McCulloch; Jon Miller; Joshua Moody; Ella Rothermel; Adrianna Zito-Livingston (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
The implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS), including living shorelines, to mitigate estuarine habitat loss is increasing at a pace exceeding the evaluation of their long-term success. Constructed oyster reefs (CORs) made of shell, concrete, stone, and other materials are one living shoreline tactic that is widely utilized, yet few studies have been conducted to understand the development of CORs within the context of both physical and ecological parameters over longer time scales (4 + years). A COR-based living shoreline project at the Gandy’s Beach Preserve (GBP) in Delaware Bay, NJ, USA, had dual goals of coastal protection and habitat provisioning, which prompted the development of a goal-driven monitoring framework to track project objectives. Methods were developed to quantify the following multi-disciplinary metrics over 7 years: elevations of CORs, waves (height, period, and direction), shoreline elevations, change in extent of vegetation patches, oyster density and size, nekton richness and community composition, and horseshoe crab impingement. The CORs met most of their habitat provisioning objectives as they were colonized by a multi-generational population of shellfish and created habitat for nekton, while posing negligible hazards to horseshoe crabs. However, none of the coastal protection objectives was fully achieved including material stability, wave attenuation, and sediment elevation increase. Results highlight the value of longer-term monitoring to understand performance and the need to match the scale and type of NbS tactic(s) with both the scale of the landscape and the site-specific hydrodynamic conditions to meet project goals.

Empirical drift capacity models for fully grouted reinforced masonry shear walls - Seyed Meghdad Ghaseminia; Tatheer Zahra; Hossein Derakhshan; Julian Thamboo; David P. Thambiratnam (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2025)

Biological control alters competition between Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae) and Salvinia minima Baker (Salviniales: Salviniaceae) in a eutrophic waterbody - Tressia Chikodza; Martin P. Hill; David Kinsler; Julie A. Coetzee (Aquatic Botany, 2025)

Minimum information for reporting on the TEER (trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance) assay (MIRTA) - Monita Sharma; Erin Huber; Emma Arnesdotter; Holger P. Behrsing; Adam Bettmann; David Brandwein; Samuel Constant; Rahul Date; Abhay Deshpande; Eric Fabian; Amit Gupta; Robert Gutierrez; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)
Standard information reporting helps to ensure that assay conditions and data are consistently reported and to facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons. Here, we present recommendations on minimum information for reporting on the TEER (trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance) assay (MIRTA). The TEER assay is extensively used to evaluate the health of an epithelial/endothelial cell culture model and as an indicator of the potential toxicity of a test substance. This publication is the result of an international collaboration─called the RespTox (Respiratory Toxicity) Collaborative─through which twelve laboratories shared their protocols for assessing the barrier function of respiratory epithelial cells using the TEER assay following exposure to substances. The protocols from each laboratory were reviewed to identify general steps for performing the TEER assay, interlaboratory differences between steps, the rationale for differences, whether these differences impact results or cross-laboratory comparisons between TEER measurements. While the MIRTA recommendations are focused on respiratory epithelial cell systems, these recommendations can be adapted for other cell systems that form barriers. The use of these recommendations will support data transparency and reproducibility, reduce challenges in data interpretation, enable cross-laboratory comparisons, help assess study quality, and facilitate the incorporation of the TEER assay into national and international testing guidance.

SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Benjamin R. Goldstein; Christopher Pate; Paula Castiblanco; Maggie E. Abell; Jessie Adley; Briana Agenbroad; Adam A. Ahlers; Peter D. Alexander; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.

Site‐Specific Nutrient Data Reveal the Importance of Soils in Driving the Mycorrhizal Make‐Up of Woody Vegetation Worldwide - Xiaobin Hua; Christopher H. Lusk; Ian A. Dickie; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Kathryn J. Allen; Viviana Araus; Laurent Augusto; Pavel Barsukov; David Bauman; Félix Brédoire; David F. R. P. Burslem; James W. Dalling; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) have different impacts on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, community dynamics and enhancement of photosynthesis by rising CO 2 . Recent global analyses have concluded that patterns of AM/ECM dominance in forests worldwide are shaped by climate, with soil nutrients contributing negligible additional explanatory power. However, their reliance on nutrient data from GIS surfaces masks important local influences of parent material, topography and soil age on soil nutrient status. We asked if use of site‐specific nutrient data reveals a more important role for nutrients. Time Period Present day. Location Global dataset comprising 703 sites, encompassing forests, savanna/woodlands, shrublands and deserts on all continents except Antarctica. Taxa Studied Arborescent plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and tree ferns. Methods Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to determine the effects of climate variables, soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus on the proportional representation of ECM and of non‐mycorrhizal species (NM) in woody vegetation. Results GAMLSS showed a strong negative relationship of ECM representation with mean annual temperature (MAT), and a strong negative relationship with soil total nitrogen. NM representation was highest on dry sites and phosphorus‐poor sites. Reanalysis showed that GIS‐derived soil nutrient data had less explanatory power than site‐specific nutrient data, and resulted in poorer model fits. Conclusions Our results support the long‐held belief that soil nutrients as well as climate influence the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal syndromes worldwide, and demonstrate the value of using site‐specific nutrient data. Soil nutrients should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the mycorrhizal composition of vegetation and resulting shifts in ecosystem processes.

Soil Microbiome Inoculation for Resilient and Multifunctional New Forests in Post‐Agricultural Landscapes - Sofia I. F. Gomes; Per Gundersen; T. Martijn Bezemer; Davide Barsotti; Ludovica D'Imperio; Konstantinos Georgopoulos; Mathias Just Justesen; Karelle Rheault; Yamina M. Rosas; Inger Kappel Schmidt; Leho Tedersoo; Lars Vesterdal; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Afforestation is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy to restore ecosystems and enhance biodiversity on post‐agricultural landscapes. However, agricultural legacies, such as altered soil structure, nutrient imbalances, and depleted microbial diversity, can slow down forest establishment or cause ecosystems to deviate from expected successional trajectories. In this opinion paper, we explore the potential of soil inoculations as a tool to overcome these challenges by introducing beneficial microbial communities that can accelerate ecosystem recovery and forest development. Restoring soil biodiversity is a crucial aspect of this process that drives broader ecosystem functionality and resilience. We highlight the need to carefully consider the type and timing of inoculations and to ensure compatibility between the inoculum and recipient site characteristics to optimize the establishment of introduced species. While tree productivity is often a central focus of afforestation efforts, the restoration of soil biodiversity, which will also contribute to increased ecosystem‐level functions, should also be a priority for long‐term forest resilience. Agricultural legacies add complexities to the restoration process, creating unique challenges that need to be addressed in restoration planning. Thus, successful inoculation strategies require a thorough understanding of both donor and recipient site characteristics, also in relation to potential mismatches related to soil physiochemical properties to avoid unintended consequences such as the non‐establishment of introduced species. Additionally, we call for the re‐evaluation of afforestation targets and the development of standardized monitoring protocols that track the success of inoculation efforts, particularly regarding soil health, microbial community establishment, and biodiversity recovery. By integrating inoculation practices within a broader restoration framework, we can enhance the resilience, biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality of newly afforested landscapes. Ultimately, this approach may play a critical role in ensuring the success of large‐scale afforestation projects.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α‐ But Not β‐ and γ‐Diversity of Bees - Toby P. N. Tsang; A. A. Amado De Santis; Gabriela Armas‐Quiñonez; John S. Ascher; Eva Samanta Ávila‐Gómez; András Báldi; Kimberly M. Ballare; Mario V. Balzan; Weronika Banaszak‐Cibicka; Svenja Bänsch; Yves Basset; Adam J. Bates; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased β‐diversity dampening diversity loss. Additionally, studies often focus on taxonomic diversity, while other important biodiversity components, including phylogenetic diversity, can exhibit differential responses. Here, we evaluated how agricultural and urban land use alters the taxonomic and phylogenetic α‐, β‐, and γ‐diversity of an important pollinator taxon—bees. Using a multicontinental dataset of 3117 bee assemblages from 157 studies, we found that taxonomic α‐diversity was reduced by 16%–18% in both agricultural and urban habitats relative to natural habitats. Phylogenetic α‐diversity was decreased by 11%–12% in agricultural and urban habitats. Compared with natural habitats, taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity increased by 11% and 6% in urban habitats, respectively, but exhibited no systematic change in agricultural habitats. We detected a 22% decline in taxonomic γ‐diversity and a 17% decline in phylogenetic γ‐diversity in agricultural habitats, but γ‐diversity of urban habitats was not significantly different from natural habitats. These findings highlight the threat of agricultural expansions to large‐scale bee diversity due to systematic γ‐diversity decline. In addition, while both urbanization and agriculture lead to consistent declines in α‐diversity, their impacts on β‐ or γ‐diversity vary, highlighting the need to study the effects of land use change at multiple scales.

Heat‐Evolved Microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) Are Stable Symbionts and Influence Thermal Tolerance of the Sea Anemone Exaiptasia diaphana - Wing Yan Chan; Rumi Sakamoto; Talisa Doering; Vinod K. Narayana; David P. De Souza; Malcolm J. McConville; Madeleine J. H. van Oppen (Environmental Microbiology, 2025)
Symbiotic cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals, rely on their mutualistic microalgal partners (Symbiodiniaceae) for survival. Marine heatwaves can disrupt this partnership, and it has been proposed that introducing experimentally evolved, heat‐tolerant algal symbionts could enhance host thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (a coral model) was inoculated with either the heterologous wild type or heat‐evolved algal symbiont, Cladocopium proliferum , and homologous wild‐type Breviolum minutum . The novel symbioses persisted for 1.5 years and determined holobiont thermotolerance during a simulated summer heatwave. Anemones hosting SS8, one of the six heat‐evolved strains tested, exhibited the highest thermotolerance. Notably, anemones hosting the wild‐type C. proliferum (WT10) were the second most thermally tolerant group, whereas anemones hosting the heat‐evolved SS5 or SS9 strains were among the most thermosensitive. Elevated temperatures led to an increase in the levels of many amino acids and a decrease in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites in all anemone hosts, potentially indicating an increase in autophagy and a reduction in energy and storage production. Some consistent differences were observed in changes in metabolite levels between anemone groups in response to elevated temperature, suggesting that the algal symbiont influenced host metabolome and nutritional budget.

A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multiscale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk - Kyle D. Dougherty; Justin A. Dellinger; Bogdan Cristescu; Daniel J. Gammons; David K. Garcelon; J. Mark Higley; Quinton E. Martins; Seth P. D. Riley; Jeff A. Sikich; Thomas R. Stephenson; T. Winston Vickers; Greta M. Wengert; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Theory suggests that animals make hierarchical, multiscale resource selection decisions to address the hierarchy of factors limiting their fitness. Ecologists have developed tools to link population‐level resource selection across scales; yet, theoretical expectations about the relationship between coarse‐ and fine‐scale selection decisions at the individual level remain elusive despite their importance to fitness. With GPS‐telemetry data collected across California, USA, we evaluated resource selection of mountain lions ( Puma concolor ; n = 244) relative to spatial variation in human‐caused mortality risk. With hierarchical resource selection, coarse‐scale selection determines availability at finer scales. This simple relationship allowed us to demonstrate that functional responses in resource selection explicitly link individual‐level resource selection decisions across scales. We show that individuals proactively avoiding risk when selecting home ranges are freed to relax this avoidance when making decisions within home ranges. However, individuals also exhibit reactive avoidance of risk at the finest scales along movement paths.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups - John F. Benson; David A. Keiter; Peter J. Mahoney; Benjamin L. Allen; Lee Allen; Francisco Álvares; Morgan L. Anderson; Shannon M. Barber‐Meyer; Adi Barocas; James C. Beasley; Linda Behrendorff; Jerrold L. Belant; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals. We tracked 574 individuals from six species within the genus Canis in 15 countries on four continents with GPS telemetry to estimate the time that pairs of individuals within social groups spent in close proximity and test hypotheses regarding drivers of cohesion. Pairs of social canids ( Canis spp.) varied widely in the proportion of time they spent together (5%–100%) during seasonal monitoring periods relative to both intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions. The majority of our data came from three species of wolves (gray wolves, eastern wolves, and red wolves) and coyotes. For these species, cohesion within social groups was greatest between breeding pairs and varied seasonally as the nature of cooperative activities changed relative to annual life history patterns. Across species, wolves were more cohesive than coyotes. For wolves, pairs were less cohesive in larger groups, and when suitable, small prey was present reflecting the constraints of food resources and intragroup competition on social associations. Pair cohesion in wolves declined with increased anthropogenic modification of the landscape and greater climatic variability, underscoring challenges for conserving social top predators in a changing world. We show that pairwise cohesion in social groups varies strongly both within and across Canis species, as individuals respond to changing ecological context defined by resources, competition, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our work highlights that cohesion is a highly plastic component of animal sociality that holds significant promise for elucidating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior.

Real-time lava flow forecasting during the 2022 Mauna Loa eruption response - David M. R. Hyman; Hannah R. Dietterich; Elisabeth Gallant; Kendra J. Lynn; Michael H. Zoeller; Matthew R. Patrick; Jim Kauahikaua; Frank Trusdell; Ken Hon; Roger P. Denlinger; N. Leon Foks; R. Lopaka Lee; et al. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2024)
On November 27, 2022, Mauna Loa (Hawai‘i) erupted for the first time in $$\sim $$ ∼ 38 years, initially producing lava flows that covered the floor of its summit caldera, Moku‘āweoweo. Over the first 12 h following the summit eruption, four main fissures opened on Mauna Loa’s Northeast Rift Zone, with “fissure 3” quickly becoming the dominant source of lava flows. For the next 12 days, fissure 3 produced a 19-km-long lava flow to the north, crossing the Mauna Loa Weather Observatory access road and coming within 2.8 km of inundating the Daniel K. Inouye Highway (Saddle Road). Within 40 min of fissure 3 opening, inundation modeling efforts had begun. For the duration of the eruption, the computational fluid dynamics model Lava2d was run in real time, using flow front locations and other field observations to make sequential forecast improvements, eventually producing a set of models which accurately predicted the routing and arrival times of lava from fissure 3. These models were used to inform timing estimates of possible future inundation of the Saddle Road. As the eruption progressed, almost 4000 Lava2d models were made using high-performance computing resources, providing critical information on uncertainty in multi-week forecasts. To our knowledge, this was the first ever real-time physics-based ensemble lava flow modeling and forecasting effort. Here, we present a chronology of these real-time efforts, focusing on the successes and limitations of this approach.

Mapping hazards to the global food system - David F. Willer; Samuel Short; Diana Khripko; Silviu O. Petrovan; Alec P. Christie; Julie Bremner; William J. Sutherland; David C. Aldridge (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2024)
Environmental hazards associated with the global food system threaten societal integrity. Yet, there is a major data gap in the global understanding of how the prevalence of hazards is changing over time, how different classes of hazard are distributed, and whether the combined literature represents hazard prevalence equitably across research, policy and legislation, and news. Here, we explore this data gap, leveraging global research, policy, and news databases. We reveal increasing attention on food system hazards over time, in line with major geopolitical events. Coverage on environmental hazards is not distributed equally geographically, and media attention does not match research and policy evidence focus. Climate change and water scarcity in particular receive substantial attention across all source types, whilst, for example biodiversity loss, genetic erosion, or harmful algal blooms receive much less. Environmental, financial and food systems sustainability damage due to hazard neglect should be avoided and a first step is to understand, map, and quantify biases in focus.

Challenges to and importance of considering early and intermediate ontogenetic stages in mangrove forest recovery and restoration - Taylor M. Sloey; Sean P. Charles; Lin Xiong; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Erik S. Yando; David Lagomasino (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

Traffic induced compaction and physical quality of grassland soil under different soil moisture deficits - Emanuela Lepore; Olaf Schmidt; Owen Fenton; Saoirse Tracy; Giulia Bondi; David P. Wall (Soil and Tillage Research, 2024)

Collapse of an insular bird species driven by a decrease in rainfall - Juan Carlos Illera; David P. Padilla; Ángel C. Moreno; Marcelo Cabrera; Gustavo Tejera; Javier Seoane; Luis María Carrascal (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Increased mercury concentrations in walleye and yellow perch in lakes invaded by zebra mussels - Naomi S. Blinick; Denver Link; Tyler D. Ahrenstorff; Bethany J. Bethke; Abram B. Fleishman; Sarah E. Janssen; David P. Krabbenhoft; Jenna K.R. Nelson; Heidi M. Rantala; Claire L. Rude; Gretchen J.A. Hansen (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Toxicity of crude oil-derived polar unresolved complex mixtures to Pacific herring embryos: Insights beyond polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Maxwell L. Harsha; Yanila Salas-Ortiz; Alysha D. Cypher; Ed Osborn; Eduardo Turcios Valle; Jacob L. Gregg; Paul K. Hershberger; Yuri Kurerov; Sarah King; Aleksandar I. Goranov; Patrick G. Hatcher; Anastasia Konefal; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Isotopic labeling of nanoparticles for the evaluation of their environmental fate in mesocosm experiments - George Metreveli; Sandra Kurtz; Simon Lüderwald; Mirco Bundschuh; Jan David; Allan Philippe; Reinhard Schneider; Natalia P. Ivleva; Anna Baskal; Laura Degenkolb; Ralf Schulz; Gabriele E. Schaumann (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Seasonally varying contributions of contemporaneous and lagged sources of instream total nitrogen and phosphorus load across the Illinois River basin - Noah M. Schmadel; Olivia L. Miller; Scott W. Ator; Matthew P. Miller; Gregory E. Schwarz; Dale M. Robertson; Andrew J. Sekellick; Kenneth D. Skinner; David A. Saad (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

A new constant scattering angle solar geometry definition for normalization of GOES-R ABI reflectance times series to support land surface phenology studies - Shuai Gao; Xiaoyang Zhang; Hankui K. Zhang; Yu Shen; David P. Roy; Weile Wang; Crystal Schaaf (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Emerging roles of the C-to-U RNA editing in plant stress responses - Yu-Xuan Hu; An Huang; Yi Li; David P. Molloy; Chao Huang (Plant Science, 2024)

Policy, Systems, and Environmental Strategies to Support Healthy Eating Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Scoping Review of Existing Evaluation Tools - Elder Garcia Varela; Karla P. Shelnutt; David M. Miller; Jamie Zeldman; Amy R. Mobley (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024)

Age at weaning of California sea lions depends on colony latitude - Martha P. Rosas-Hernández; Claudia J. Hernández-Camacho; David Aurioles-Gamboa; Andrew W. Trites (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2024)

An inception framework hypothesis for karst development in the Burren, Ireland - Robert A. Watson; Colin Bunce; David Drew; Simone Fiaschi; Caoimhe Hickey; John Walsh; Eoghan P. Holohan (Geomorphology, 2024)

Evaluating the consistency of judgments derived through both in silico and expert application of the Cramer classification scheme - James W. Firman; Alan Boobis; Heli M. Hollnagel; Stefan Kaiser; David P. Lovell; Angelo Moretto; Severin Mueller; Cynthia V. Rider; Florian Schmidt; Szabina Stice; Sanjeeva J. Wijeyesakere; Geraldine Borja; et al. (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

Phenolic compounds from macadamia husk: An updated focused review of extraction methodologies and antioxidant activities - Md Faruk Ahmed; David G. Popovich; Catherine P. Whitby; Ali Rashidinejad (Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2024)

Bioaccumulation of β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) by mussels exposed to the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa - Siobhan J. Peters; Simon M. Mitrovic; Kenneth J. Rodgers; David P. Bishop (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Pollen contaminated with a triple-action fungicide induced oxidative stress and reduced longevity though with less impact on lifespan in honey bees from well fed colonies - Thais R.R. Alves; Matheus F. Trivellato; Tainá A.L. Freitas; Aline Y. Kato; Cássia R.A. Gomes; Yara M.M. Ferraz; Jéssica A. Serafim; David De Jong; Evandro P. Prado; Eduardo F. Vicente; Ricardo O. Orsi; Gener T. Pereira; et al. (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

Health and air pollutant emission impacts of net zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios from the energy modeling forum 37 study - Daniel H. Loughlin; Alexander R. Barron; Charavee Basnet Chettri; Abigail O'Meara; Luis Sarmiento; Danni Dong; David L. McCollum; Sharon Showalter; Robert H. Beach; John Bistline; G. Joyce Kim; Christopher G. Nolte; et al. (Energy and Climate Change, 2024)

Novel radiofrequency heating system enhances vitrification of viable articular cartilage tissue - Haiyang Ma; A.J. Riffe; Peng Chen; Josh Wewerka; John M. Alford; Hai Yao; Girish Srinivas; David P. Eisenberg; Shangping Wang (Cryobiology, 2024)

Novel radiofrequency heating system for fast and uniform thawing - David P. Eisenberg; Haiyang Ma; Josh Wewerka; Peng Chen; John M. Alford; Hai Yao; A.J. Riffe; Shangping Wang; Girish Srinivas (Cryobiology, 2024)

Feasibility of sand fly control based on knowledge of sensory ecology - David P Tchouassi; Trizah K Milugo; Baldwyn Torto (Current Opinion in Insect Science, 2024)

Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes - Mark Lintermans; Maiko Lutz; Nick S. Whiterod; Bernd Gruber; Michael P. Hammer; Mark J. Kennard; David L. Morgan; Tarmo A. Raadik; Peter Unmack; Steven Brooks; Brendan C. Ebner; Dean Gilligan; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Characterizing Juvenile Common Snook and Tarpon Habitat to Guide Conservation and Restoration of Coastal Wetlands - Philip W. Stevens; David A. Blewett; Corey R. Anderson; Courtney R. Saari; Colin P. Shea; Casey A. Craig; Kara R. Radabaugh (Wetlands, 2024)
To conserve or restore juvenile fish habitat, resource managers, restoration practitioners, and engineers need fine-scale information to understand what conditions they need to preserve or what specifications are needed to create new habitat. The objective of this study was to develop statistical models using a dataset of 18 coastal ponds in Southwest Florida, USA, to predict the abundance of juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis (hereafter snook) and presence of juvenile tarpon Megalops atlanticus , both of which are flagship species used for conservation and restoration of subtropical and tropical wetlands. Model predictors included water conditions and characteristics of vegetation, sediment, and geographic position. Modeling results indicated that juvenile snook used coastal ponds that were directly connected to tidal creeks. In contrast, juvenile tarpon were more likely to be present in coastal ponds that were separated from tidal creeks by dense mangrove forest (e.g., elevation > 0.48 m above Mean Low Water) characterized by highly organic sediment and low dissolved oxygen, to which tarpon are well adapted. Overlap between snook abundance and tarpon presence was greatest where connections between ponds and the nearest tidal creek were at a relatively low elevation (e.g., -0.12 m relative to Mean Low Water). Although these findings are most applicable to management and conservation of populations in areas along the Gulf coast of Florida (i.e., in areas of similar tidal range and coastal geomorphology), incorporating more detailed habitat surveys to better capture landscape context, geomorphology, and connectivity into fish sampling designs should be broadly applicable to estuarine fish ecology.

A Transcriptomic Comparative Study of Cranial Vasculature - Jianing Zhang; Jee-Yeon Ryu; Selena-Rae Tirado; Lawrence D. Dickinson; Aviva Abosch; M. Ali Aziz-Sultan; Alan S. Boulos; Daniel L. Barrow; H. Hunt Batjer; Tamar R. Binyamin; Spiros L. Blackburn; Edward F. Chang; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2024)

An Abrupt Decline in Global Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Relationship with Sea Level Change - Matthew Rodell; Anne Barnoud; Franklin R. Robertson; Richard P. Allan; Ashley Bellas-Manley; Michael G. Bosilovich; Don Chambers; Felix Landerer; Bryant Loomis; R. Steven Nerem; Mary Michael O’Neill; David Wiese; et al. (Surveys in Geophysics, 2024)
As observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow On (GRACE-FO) missions, global terrestrial water storage (TWS), excluding ice sheets and glaciers, declined rapidly between May 2014 and March 2016. By 2023, it had not yet recovered, with the upper end of its range remaining 1 cm equivalent height of water below the upper end of the earlier range. Beginning with a record-setting drought in northeastern South America, a series of droughts on five continents helped to prevent global TWS from rebounding. While back-to-back El Niño events are largely responsible for the South American drought and others in the 2014–2016 timeframe, the possibility exists that global warming has contributed to a net drying of the land since then, through enhanced evapotranspiration and increasing frequency and intensity of drought. Corollary to the decline in global TWS since 2015 has been a rise in barystatic sea level (i.e., global mean ocean mass). However, we find no evidence that it is anything other than a coincidence that, also in 2015, two estimates of barystatic sea level change, one from GRACE/FO and the other from a combination of satellite altimetry and Argo float ocean temperature measurements, began to diverge. Herein, we discuss both the mechanisms that account for the abrupt decline in terrestrial water storage and the possible explanations for the divergence of the barystatic sea level change estimates.

Calcification and growth of the reef coral Porites panamensis in a shallow hydrothermal field in the Gulf of California, Mexico - José J. Adolfo Tortolero-Langarica; Carolina García-Malo; Luis E. Calderon-Aguilera; Carlos O. Norzagaray-López; Eduardo F. Balart; David A. Paz-García; Rafael A. Cabral-Tena; Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet (Regional Environmental Change, 2024)

A novel strategy to map a locus associated with flowering time in canola (Brassica napus L.) - Yunming Long; Puying Zheng; James V. Anderson; David P. Horvath; Jinita Sthapit; Xuehui Li; Mukhlesur Rahman; Wun S. Chao (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2024)
Flowering time is an important agronomic trait for canola breeders, as it provides growers with options for minimizing exposure to heat stress during flowering and to more effectively utilize soil moisture. Plants have evolved various systems to control seasonal rhythms in reproductive phenology including an internal circadian clock that responds to environmental signals. In this study, we used canola cultivar ‘Westar’ as a recurrent parent and canola cultivar ‘Surpass 400’ as the donor parent to generate a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) and to map a flowering time locus on chromosome A10 using molecular marker-assisted selection. This CSSL contains an introgressed 4.6 mega-bases (Mb) segment (between 13 and 17.6 Mb) of Surpass 400, which substantially delayed flowering compared with Westar. To map flowering time gene(s) within this locus, eight introgression lines (ILs) were developed carrying a series of different lengths of introgressed chromosome A10 segments using five co-dominant polymorphic markers located at 13.5, 14.0, 14.5, 15.0, 15.5, and 16.0 Mb. Eight ILs were crossed with Westar reciprocally and flowering time of resultant 16 F 1 hybrids and parents were evaluated in a greenhouse (2021 and 2022). Four ILs (IL005, IL017, IL035, and IL013) showed delayed flowering compared to Westar ( P < 0.0001), and their reciprocal crosses displayed a phenotype intermediate in flowering time of both homozygote parents. These results indicated that flowering time is partial or incomplete dominance, and the flowering time locus mapped within a 1 Mb region between two co-dominant polymorphic markers at 14.5–15.5 Mb on chromosome A10. The flowering time locus was delineated to be between 14.60 and 15.5 Mb based on genotypic data at the crossover site, and candidate genes within this region are associated with flowering time in canola and/or Arabidopsis. The co-dominant markers identified on chromosome A10 should be useful for marker assisted selection in breeding programs but will need to be validated to other breeding populations or germplasm accessions of canola.

In Memory of Professor Patrick M. Woster (1955–2023): a loss to the field of medicinal chemistry - David P. Rotella (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2024)

The mouse metabolic phenotyping center (MMPC) live consortium: an NIH resource for in vivo characterization of mouse models of diabetes and obesity - Maren Laughlin; Richard McIndoe; Sean H. Adams; Renee Araiza; Julio E. Ayala; Lucy Kennedy; Louise Lanoue; Louise Lantier; James Macy; Eann Malabanan; Owen P. McGuinness; Rachel Perry; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2024)
The Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (MMPC) Live Program was established in 2023 by the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance biomedical research by providing the scientific community with standardized, high quality phenotyping services for mouse models of diabetes and obesity. Emerging as the next iteration of the MMPC Program which served the biomedical research community for 20 years (2001–2021), MMPC Live is designed as an outwardly-facing consortium of service cores that collaborate to provide reduced-cost consultation and metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral phenotyping tests on live mice for U.S. biomedical researchers. Four MMPC Live Centers located at universities around the country perform complex and often unique procedures in vivo on a fee for service basis, typically on mice shipped from the client or directly from a repository or vendor. Current areas of expertise include energy balance and body composition, insulin action and secretion, whole body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular and renal function, food intake and behavior, microbiome and xenometabolism, and metabolic pathway kinetics. Additionally, an opportunity arose to reduce barriers to access and expand the diversity of the biomedical research workforce by establishing the VIBRANT Program. Directed at researchers historically underrepresented in the biomedical sciences, VIBRANT-eligible investigators have access to testing services, travel and career development awards, expert advice and experimental design consultation, and short internships to learn test technologies. Data derived from experiments run by the Centers belongs to the researchers submitting mice for testing which can be made publicly available and accessible from the MMPC Live database following publication. In addition to services, MMPC Live staff provide expertise and advice to researchers, develop and refine test protocols, engage in outreach activities, publish scientific and technical papers, and conduct educational workshops and training sessions to aid researchers in unraveling the heterogeneity of diabetes and obesity.

More than the climate: reproductive and vegetative growth compete for resources in Quercus suber - M. C. Bicho; A. C. Correia; C. Pinto; P. Barcik; J. Soares David; F. Costa e Silva (European Journal of Forest Research, 2024)