Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to elevated atmospheric CO 2 in two Scrub Oaks - Graham J. Hymus; Tom G. Snead; David P. Johnson; Bruce A. Hungate; Bert G. Drake (Global Change Biology, 2002)
For two species of oak, we determined whether increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( C a ) would decrease leaf mitochondrial respiration (R) directly, or indirectly owing to their growth in elevated C a , or both. In particular, we tested whether acclimatory decreases in leaf‐Rubisco content in elevated C a would decrease R associated with its maintenance. This hypothesis was tested in summer 2000 on sun and shade leaves of Quercus myrtifolia Willd. and Quercus geminata Small. We also measured R on five occasions between summer 1999 and 2000 on leaves of Q. myrtifolia . The oaks were grown in the field for 4 years, in either current ambient or elevated (current ambient + 350 µmol mol −1 ) C a , in open‐top chambers (OTCs). For Q. myrtifolia , an increase in C a from 360 to 710 µmol mol −1 had no direct effect on R at any time during the year. In April 1999, R in young Q. myrtifolia leaves was significantly higher in elevated C a —the only evidence for an indirect effect of growth in elevated C a . Leaf R was significantly correlated with leaf nitrogen (N) concentration for the sun and shade leaves of both the species of oak. Acclimation of photosynthesis in elevated C a significantly reduced maximum RuBP‐saturated carboxylation capacity ( V c max ) for both the sun and shade leaves of only Q. geminata . However, we estimated that only 11–12% of total leaf N was invested in Rubisco; consequently, acclimation in this plant resulted in a small effect on N and an insignificant effect on R. In this study measurements of respiration and photosynthesis were made on material removed from the field; this procedure had no effect on gas exchange properties. The findings of this study were applicable to R expressed either per unit leaf area or unit dry weight, and did not support the hypothesis that elevated C a decreases R directly, or indirectly owing to acclimatory decreases in Rubisco content.

Population Dynamics of the Coconut Mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) and Associated Arthropods in Tamil Nadu, India - M. K. Varadarajan; P. M. M. David (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2002)

A candidate gene for congenital bilateral isolated ptosis identified by molecular analysis of a de novo balanced translocation - Tristan F. McMullan; John A. Crolla; Simon G. Gregory; Nigel P. Carter; Rachel A. Cooper; Gareth R. Howell; David O. Robinson (Human Genetics, 2002)

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Staging and Survival - Vivek Narain; Michael L. Cher; David P. Wood (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2002)

In Vivo Quantification of Blood Flow and Wall Shear Stress in the Human Abdominal Aorta During Lower Limb Exercise - Charles A. Taylor; Christopher P. Cheng; Leandro A. Espinosa; Beverly T. Tang; David Parker; Robert J. Herfkens (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Characteristics of sex‐biased dispersal and gene flow in coastal river otters: implications for natural recolonization of extirpated populations - G. M. Blundell; M. Ben‐David; P. Groves; R. T. Bowyer; E. Geffen (Molecular Ecology, 2002)
River otters ( Lontra canadensis ) were extirpated from much of their historic distribution because of exposure to pollution and urbanization, resulting in expansive reintroduction programmes that continue today for this and other species of otters worldwide. Bioaccumulation of toxins negatively affects fecundity among mustelids, but high vagility and different dispersal distances between genders may permit otter populations to recover from extirpation caused by localized environmental pollution. Without understanding the influence of factors such as social structure and sex‐biased dispersal on genetic variation and gene flow among populations, effects of local extirpation and the potential for natural recolonization (i.e. the need for translocations) cannot be assessed. We studied gene flow among seven study areas for river otters ( n = 110 otters) inhabiting marine environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Using nine DNA microsatellite markers and assignment tests, we calculated immigration rates and dispersal distances and tested for isolation by distance. In addition, we radiotracked 55 individuals in three areas to determine characteristics of dispersal. Gender differences in sociality and spatial relationships resulted in different dispersal distances. Male river otters had greater gene flow among close populations (within 16–30 km) mostly via breeding dispersal, but both genders exhibited an equal, low probability of natal dispersal; and some females dispersed 60–90 km. These data, obtained in a coastal environment without anthropogenic barriers to dispersal (e.g. habitat fragmentation or urbanization), may serve as baseline data for predicting dispersal under optimal conditions. Our data may indicate that natural recolonization of coastal river otters following local extirpation could be a slow process because of low dispersal among females, and recolonization may be substantially delayed unless viable populations occurred nearby. Because of significant isolation by distance for male otters and low gene flow for females, translocations should be undertaken with caution to help preserve genetic diversity in this species.

Environmental correlates of badger social spacing across Europe - Dominic D. P. Johnson; Walter Jetz; David W. Macdonald (Journal of Biogeography, 2002)
Aim The European badger ( Meles meles , innaeus 1758) has been a focus for numerous studies of behaviour, physiology and ecology and, in particular, for testing theories concerning the evolution of sociality. However, most of these studies originate from the British Isles, where the behavioural ecology of this species differs markedly from elsewhere across its pan‐Eurasian geographical range. We use data in the literature, from all available parts of the badger's distribution, to test whether environmental variables can explain observed variation in densities and social spacing. Location We used published data from studies across Europe (mainly in the western part of this region). Methods Data covered all of Europe, spanning Great Britain to Kazakhstan in lon‐gitude and Norway to Spain in latitude. We used simple and multiple linear regression models to test for environmental correlates of the following four dependent variables, recorded at exact study sites: (1) badger densities, (2) sett densities, (3) group sizes and (4) territory sizes. Independent variables were extracted at these same locations from meteorological databases of climate data from across Europe. Those used in the analyses were: (1) annual mean of mean monthly temperatures, (2) mean of the difference between mean January and July temperatures, (3) mean of the difference between minimum and maximum monthly precipitation and (4) annual mean of monthly actual evapotranspiration. We also tested for relationships between mean badger densities and mean values of environmental variables reported for whole countries. Results None of the environmental variables correlated with group or territory sizes, or with whole country measures of badger densities. However, the annual difference in minimum and maximum temperature was consistently correlated with both badger densities and sett densities recorded at specific study locations, in both single‐variable and multiple regressions. We found these relationships disappeared when single mean values were used for all of the studies on the British Isles, although in doing so sample sizes were drastically reduced as well. Further investigation revealed that the original positive relationship was composed of negative trends among the data from Great Britain and continental Europe, when these were analysed separately. This has important implications for understanding the behavioural ecology of this species, as well as the general biases that spatial correlation may cause in studies comparing populations. Main conclusions The precise relationship between the temperature range variable and badger densities appears to be complicated. Nevertheless, because the annual difference in the minimum and maximum temperature is related, in some way, to seasonality, this implies that badger densities are associated with seasonal constraints, or some other constraint(s) that covary with seasonality. We suggest that, if models of sociality are either seasonally or density dependent, then this finding has an important bearing on why badger social behaviour is so different across Europe. In particular, we discuss the implications of these results for the most pervasive model of social organization in the badger, the resource dispersion hypothesis.

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil microbial populations and associated plant performance of the salt marsh grass Spartina patens - David J. Burke; Erik P. Hamerlynck; Dittmar Hahn (Plant and Soil, 2002)

Effect of Testosterone Suppression on the Pharmacokinetics of a Potent GnRH Receptor Antagonist - Eugenia A. Iatsimirskaia; Margaret L. Gregory; Kenna L. Anderes; Rosemary Castillo; K. Eric Milgram; David R. Luthin; Ved P. Pathak; Lance C. Christie; Haresh Vazir; Mark B. Anderson; John M. May (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Hunting Behavior of Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda - David P. Watts; John C. Mitani (International Journal of Primatology, 2002)

A comparison of impoundments and natural drainage lakes in the Northeast USA* - Thomas R. Whittier; David P. Larsen; Spencer A. Peterson; Thomas M. Kincaid (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Prestress Due to Dimensional Changes Caused by Demineralization: A Potential Mechanism for Microcracking in Bone - Yener N. Yeni; Mitchell B. Schaffler; Gary Gibson; David P. Fyhrie (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2002)

Influence of vegetation change on watershed hydrology: implications for paleoclimatic interpretation of lacustrine δ18O records - Michael F. Rosenmeier; David A. Hodell; Mark Brenner; Jason H. Curtis; Jonathan B. Martin; Flavio S. Anselmetti; Daniel Ariztegui; Thomas P. Guilderson (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2002)

Synergistic effect of interleukin-2 and a vaccine of irradiated melanoma cells transfected to secrete staphylococcal enterotoxin A - David P. Schrayer; Nicola Kouttab; Vincent J. Hearing; Harold J. Wanebo (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 2002)

Elevated atmospheric CO 2 stimulates aboveground biomass in a fire‐regenerated scrub‐oak ecosystem - Paul Dijkstra; Graham Hymus; Debra Colavito; David A. Vieglais; Christina M. Cundari; David P. Johnson; Bruce A. Hungate; C. ROSS Hinkle; Bert G. Drake (Global Change Biology, 2002)
The effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( C a ) on the aboveground biomass of three oak species, Quercus myrtifolia , Q. geminata , and Q. chapmanii , was estimated nondestructively using allometric relationships between stem diameter and aboveground biomass after four years of experimental treatment in a naturally fire‐regenerated scrub‐oak ecosystem. After burning a stand of scrub‐oak vegetation, re‐growing plants were exposed to either current ambient (379 µL L −1 CO 2 ) or elevated (704 µL L −1 CO 2 ) C a in 16 open‐top chambers over a four‐year period, and measurements of stem diameter were carried out annually on all oak shoots within each chamber. Elevated C a significantly increased aboveground biomass, expressed either per unit ground area or per shoot; elevated C a had no effect on shoot density. The relative effect of elevated C a on aboveground biomass increased each year of the study from 44% (May 96–Jan 97), to 55% (Jan 97–Jan 98), 66% (Jan 98–Jan 99), and 75% (Jan 99–Jan 00). The effect of elevated C a was species specific: elevated C a significantly increased aboveground biomass of the dominant species, Q. myrtifolia , and tended to increase aboveground biomass of Q. chapmanii , but had no effect on aboveground biomass of the subdominant, Q. geminata . These results show that rising atmospheric CO 2 has the potential to stimulate aboveground biomass production in ecosystems dominated by woody species, and that species‐specific growth responses could, in the long term, alter the composition of the scrub‐oak community.

Predictive Ability of Level A in Vitro-in Vivo Correlation for RingCap Controlled-Release Acetaminophen Tablets - James T. Dalton; Arthur B. Straughn; David A. Dickason; George P. Grandolfi (Pharmaceutical Research, 2001)

A geochronological framework for orogenic gold mineralisation in central Victoria, Australia - Frank P. Bierlein; Dennis C. Arne; David A. Foster; Peter Reynolds (Mineralium Deposita, 2001)

Searching for the early benthic phase (EBP) of the European lobster: a trans-European study of cobble fauna - Adrian Linnane; Brendan Ball; John P. Mercer; Ronan Browne; Gro van der Meeren; Halldis Ringvold; Colin Bannister; David Mazzoni; Brian Munday (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Tracer Tests: Experimental Results - Ronald A. Burt; Gregory L. Christians; Samuel P. Williams; David J. Wilson (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2001)

Initial Six-year Expansion of an Introduced Piscivorous Fish in a Tropical Central American Lake - Anne Tate Bedarf; Kenneth R. McKaye; Eric P. Van Den Berghe; Lorenzo J.L. Perez; David H. Secor (Biological Invasions, 2001)

Developments and prospects in synoptic climatology - Brent Yarnal; Andrew C. Comrie; Brent Frakes; David P. Brown (International Journal of Climatology, 2001)
Developments in synoptic climatology in the 1990s included advances in traditional synoptic climatology, empirical downscaling, and dynamical downscaling (i.e. regional climate modelling). The research emphasis in traditional, empirical–statistical approaches to synoptic climatology shifted from methodological development to applications of widely accepted classification techniques, including manual, correlation‐based, eigenvector‐based, compositing and indexing schemes. In contrast, most efforts in empirical downscaling, which became a well‐established field of synoptic climatology during the 1990s, were directed to model development; applications were of secondary concern. Similarly, regional climate models (RCMs) burst onto the scene during the decade and focused on model development, although important progress was made in linking or coupling RCMs to regional or local surface climate systems. This paper discusses prospects for the future of traditional synoptic climatology, empirical downscaling and regional climate modelling. It concludes by looking at the present role of geographic information system (GIS) concepts in synoptic climatology and the potential future role of GIS to the field. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society

A Numerical Study of the Distribution of Water in Partially Saturated Porous Rock - Brian Berkowitz; David P. Hansen (Transport in Porous Media, 2001)

Polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains (Cyprinus carpio L.) as revealed by AFLP analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers - L. David; P. Rajasekaran; J. Fang; J. Hillel; U. Lavi (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2001)

Genetic Analysis of Susceptibility to Spontaneous and UV-Induced Carcinogenesis in Xiphophorus Hybrid Fish - Rodney S. Nairn; Steven Kazianis; Luis Della Coletta; David Trono; Andrew P. Butler; Ronald B. Walter; Donald C. Morizot (Marine Biotechnology, 2001)

On morphological clocks and paleophylogeography: towards a timescale for Sorex hybrid zones - P. David Polly (Genetica, 2001)

A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Polish State Forests - Jacek P. Siry; David H. Newman (Forest Science, 2001)
This article presents a study of the efficiency of Polish state timber production and management polices following the transition to a more competitive market. The objective is to determine how well the Polish State Forests, which manage 80% of Poland's forestland and supply 85% of its timber, have adjusted, after 40 yr of central planning, to this change. The development and estimation of a stochastic frontier production function is used to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of timber production and the effectiveness of management policies. The empirical results provide evidence for the presence of substantial technical inefficiency, along with some scale economies in timber production. In addition, policies that have led to the creation of smaller forest districts, employment reductions, and logging equipment purchases are largely ineffective and perhaps even counterproductive. On the other hand, a strong support is provided for the continued privatization of forest operations. FOR. SCI. 47(4):526–533.

Developing Classification Criteria under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Bowhead Whales as a Case Study - Kim E. W. Shelden; Douglas P. Demaster; David J. Rugh; Annette M. Olson (Conservation Biology, 2001)

Developing Classification Criteria under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Bowhead Whales as a Case Study - Kim E. W. Shelden; Douglas P. Demaster; David J. Rugh; Annette M. Olson (Conservation Biology, 2001)
Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, a species is classified as endangered, threatened, or recovered based on the extent to which its survival is affected by one or more of five subjective factors. A key criticism of the act is that it makes no reference to quantitative or even qualitative parameters of what constitutes “danger of extinction.” Without objective standards to guide decisionmakers, classification decisions fall prey to political and social influences. We recommend the development of species‐specific, status‐determining criteria as a means to rationalize and expedite the listing process and reclassification decisions, independent of the requirement for delisting criteria in recovery plans. Such criteria should (1) clearly define levels of vulnerability, (2) identify gaps in information on life‐history parameters, and (3) address uncertainty in existing data. As a case study, we developed preliminary criteria for bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus ). Thresholds for endangered and threatened status were based on World Conservation Union ( IUCN) Red List criteria and population viability analyses. Our analysis indicates that particular attention must be focused on population structure within the species to appropriately classify the degree to which one or more components of a species are vulnerable to extinction. A similar approach could be used in the classification of other species. According to our application of the IUCN criteria and those developed for similar species by , the Bering Sea population of bowhead whales should be delisted, whereas the other four populations of bowheads should continue to be considered endangered.

A novel Q378X mutation exists in the transmembrane transporter protein ABCC6 and its pseudogene: implications for mutation analysis in pseudoxanthoma elasticum - Li Cai; Amanda Lumsden; Ulf P. Guenther; Sarah A. Neldner; Stéphanie Zäch; Hans Knoblauch; Raj Ramesar; Daniel Hohl; David F. Callen; Kenneth H. Neldner; Klaus Lindpaintner; Robert I. Richards; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2001)

Iron fertilization and the Trichodesmiumresponse on the West Florida shelf - Jason M. Lenes; Brian P. Darrow; Christopher Cattrall; Cynthia A. Heil; Michael Callahan; Gabriel A. Vargo; Robert H. Byrne; Joseph M. Prospero; David E. Bates; Kent A. Fanning; John J. Walsh (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
Prior laboratory studies of Trichodesmium have shown a high iron requirement that is consistent with the biochemical demand for iron in the enzyme nitrogenase. Summer delivery of iron, in the form of Saharan dust, may provide an explanation for Trichodesmium blooms observed in offshore waters of the West Florida shelf over the last 50 yr. During ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms (ECOHAB) field studies, background iron levels (0.1–0.5 nmol kg −1 ) were found at the surface during periods of minimal dust delivery (May 2000 and October 1999). In contrast, total dissolved iron concentrations on the order of ∼16 nmol kg −1 were measured at the West Florida shelfߚbreak after a July 1999 Saharan dust event that was identified by advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) imagery, groundߚbased radiometers, air mass analysis, and aerosol samples (dust and nonߚseaߚsalt nitrate) collected throughout South Florida. The Trichodesmium response following this July dust event was a 100–fold increase over background biomass, reaching a surface stock of ∼20 colonies L −1 . Surface dissolved concentrations of both inorganic and organic phosphorus decreased below detectable limits during this bloom. Dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations associated with the bloom (15–20 µM) were 3–4–fold greater than background and much larger than ambient NO 3 − concentrations ( −1 ). If all dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is converted to urea and ammonium, this organic nitrogen could have supported the red tide of >20 µg chl L −1 of the toxic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve , found along the West Florida coast during October 1999.

Continuous remote monitoring of fish activity with restricted home ranges using radiotelemetry - B. O. David; G. P. Closs (Journal of Fish Biology, 2001)
Signal strength received by a fixed antenna increased as a transmitter was positioned closer to it and decreased as the transmitter was positioned further away. Depth and transmitter orientation also influenced signal strength, but these were less pronounced than the effect of distance. The variations in signal strength recorded from fixed distances, depths or orientations were low, suggesting that variation in signal strength only occurs if the transmitter is moved. The use of signal strength variation as a measure of fish activity over a 24 h period was compared with observed patterns of point habitat use of a live fish. Close correspondence of assessments of activity using signal strength variation and habitat use was observed. This study demonstrated the potential utility of radiotelemetry in association with point‐in‐time habitat use data to determine home‐range and diel and seasonal patterns of fish activity over 24 h periods.

Beyond Biology: toward a More Public Ecology for Conservation - David P. Robertson; R. Bruce Hull (Conservation Biology, 2001)
The ultimate purpose of conservation science is to inform and affect conservation policy. Therefore, conservation biologists and all the people who produce, review, and apply conservation research should evaluate the success of their knowledge according to its ability to influence conservation decisions. In addition to possessing conventional “scientific” attributes such as validity, generalizability, and precision, conservation knowledge must also possess qualities that make it effective in the political arena of decision making. “Public ecology” is a philosophy and practice of conservation science that goes beyond biology and beyond the norms of modern science to construct knowledge that is useful for environmental decision making. As post‐normal conservation science, public ecology is defined by the following six attributes: evaluative, contextual, multiscalar, integrative, adaptive, and accessible. We discuss the need for a more public ecology and describe the qualites that make it a more powerful ecology.

A Method for Setting the Size of Plant Conservation Target Areas - Mark A. Burgman; Hugh P. Possingham; A. Jasmyn J. Lynch; David A. Keith; Michael A. McCarthy; Stephen D. Hopper; Wendy L. Drury; Jason A. Passioura; Robert J. Devries (Conservation Biology, 2001)
Realistic time frames in which management decisions are made often preclude the completion of the detailed analyses necessary for conservation planning. Under these circumstances, efficient alternatives may assist in approximating the results of more thorough studies that require extensive resources and time. We outline a set of concepts and formulas that may be used in lieu of detailed population viability analyses and habitat modeling exercises to estimate the protected areas required to provide desirable conservation outcomes for a suite of threatened plant species. We used expert judgment of parameters and assessment of a population size that results in a specified quasiextinction risk based on simple dynamic models. The area required to support a population of this size is adjusted to take into account deterministic and stochastic human influences, including small‐scale disturbance, deterministic trends such as habitat loss, and changes in population density through processes such as predation and competition. We set targets for different disturbance regimes and geographic regions. We applied our methods to Banksia cuneata, Boronia keysii, and Parsonsia dorrigoensis, resulting in target areas for conservation of 1102, 733, and 1084 ha, respectively. These results provide guidance on target areas and priorities for conservation strategies.

Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhances growth of Litchi chinensis Sonn. trees after propagation by air-layering - David P. Janos; Michelle S. Schroeder; Bruce Schaffer; Jonathan H. Crane (Plant and Soil, 2001)

Abstracts of presentations at the 22nd Congress of the Israeli Phytopathological Society February 12–13,2001 ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel - D. Shtienberg; M. Reuveni; N. Shegalov; D. Shegalov; D. Eshel; Ruth Ben-Arie; D. Prusky; Nadia Korolev; J. Katan; Talma Katan; A. Sharon; L. Oren; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 2001)

REM sleep and catecholamine excretion: a study in elite athletes - Nikolaus C. Netzer; David Kristo; Hartmut Steinle; Manfred Lehmann; Kingman P. Strohl (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001)

Generation of a Recombinant Anticarsia Gemmatalis Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Expressing a Foreign Gene under the Control of a Very Late Promoter - Eloisa I. Arana; César G. Albariño; David O'Reilly; P. Daniel Ghiringhelli; Víctor Romanowski (Virus Genes, 2001)

Identification and in vivo Characterization of the Epiphyas postvittana Nucleopolyhedrovirus Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyltransferase - Katherine M. B. Caradoc-Davies; Sally Graves; David R. O'Reilly; Owain P. Evans; Vernon K. Ward (Virus Genes, 2001)

Development of leucine aminopeptidase activity during daylily flower growth and senescence - M. G. P. Mahagamasekera; David W. M. Leung (Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2001)

Foraging energetics of arctic cormorants and the evolution of diving birds - David Grémillet; Sarah Wanless; David N. Carss; Danielle Linton; Mike P. Harris; John R. Speakman; Yvon Le Maho (Ecology Letters, 2001)
Efficient body insulation is assumed to have enabled birds and mammals to colonize polar aquatic ecosystems. We challenge this concept by comparing the bioenergetics of cormorants ( Phalacrocorax carbo ) living in temperate and arctic conditions. We show that although these birds have limited insulation, they maintain high body temperature (42.3 °C) when diving in cold water (1–10 °C). Their energy demand at these times is extremely high (up to 60 W kg −1 ). Free‐living cormorants wintering in Greenland (water temperature −1 °C) profoundly alter their foraging activity, thus minimizing time spent in water and the associated high thermoregulatory costs. They then meet their daily food demand within a single intense dive bout (lasting 9 min on average). Their substantial energy requirements are balanced by the highest predatory efficiency so far recorded for aquatic predators. We postulate that similar behavioural patterns allowed early diving birds (Cretaceous) to colonize cold coastal areas before they evolved efficient insulation.

Editorial - Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson; David P. Janos (Mycorrhiza, 2001)

Intramuscular (IM) ziprasidone 20 mg is effective in reducing acute agitation associated with psychosis: a double-blind, randomized trial - David G. Daniel; Steven G. Potkin; Karen R. Reeves; Rachel H. Swift; Edmund P. Harrigan (Psychopharmacology, 2001)

Effects of seedling size, El Niño drought, seedling density, and distance to nearest conspecific adult on 6-year survival of Ocotea whitei seedlings in Panamá - Gregory S. Gilbert; Kyle E. Harms; David N. Hamill; Stephen P. Hubbell (Oecologia, 2001)

Phytoplankton distribution and survival in the thermocline - Jonathan Sharples; Mark C. Moore; Tom P. Rippeth; Patrick M. Holligan; David J. Hydes; Neil R. Fisher; John H. Simpson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
Observations of the vertical structure of density, concentrations of chlorophyll a and nitrate, and turbulent dissipation rates were made over a period of 25 h in a well‐stratified shelf region in the Western English Channel, between neap and spring tides. Maximum turbulent dissipation at the base of the thermocline occurred almost 5 h after maximum tidal currents. This turbulence aids phytoplankton growth by supplying bottom‐layer nutrients into the subsurface chlorophyll maximum but reduces phytoplankton concentrations in the thermocline by mixing cells from the base of the subsurface maximum into the bottom mixed layer. The turbulent dissipation observations were used to estimate an average nitrate flux into the thermocline of 2.0 (0.8‐3.2, 95% confidence interval) mmol m −2 d −1 , which is estimated to have been capable of supporting new phytoplankton growth at a rate of 160 (64–256) mg C m −2 d −1 . Turbulent entrainment of carbon from the base of the subsurface biomass maximum into the bottom mixed layer was observed to be 290 (120–480) mg C m −2 d −1 . This apparent excess export from the chlorophyll maximum is suggested to be a feature of the spring‐neap cycle, with export dominating as the tidal turbulence increases toward spring tides and erodes the base of the thermocline. The observed rate of carbon export into the bottom mixed layer could account for as much as 25% of the gross annual primary production in stratifying shelf seas. Such turbulent losses, combined with grazing losses and low light levels, suggest that phytoplankton need to be highly adapted to environmental conditions within the thermocline in order to survive.

Variability of Sea-Ice Extent in Baffin Bay over the Last Millennium - Nancy S. Grumet; Cameron P. Wake; Paul A. Mayewski; Gregory A. Zielinski; Sallie I. Whitlow; Roy M. Koerner; David A. Fisher; James M. Woollett (Climatic Change, 2001)

A Mechanistic Model of Acute Platelet Accumulation in Thrombogenic Stenoses - David M. Wootton; Christos P. Markou; Stephen R. Hanson; David N. Ku (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001)

Comparison of two equivalency factor approaches with simplified risk assessment for lcia of toxicity impact potential - Duane A. Tolle; David J. Hesse; G. Bradley Chadwell; Joyce S. Cooper; David P. Evers (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2001)

Effects of turbidity on the migration of juvenile banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus ) in a natural stream - Jody Richardson; David K. Rowe; Joshua P. Smith (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2001)
Laboratory experiments have shown that the juvenile migratory stage of banded kokopu ( Galaxias fasciatus (Gray 1842)) is more sensitive to turbidity than other native fish species and avoids turbidity levels of >25 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Field trials using juvenile fish collected from the Tarawera River and Hays Stream, New Zealand, were used to test the results from these laboratory experiments by measuring the effects of turbidity on the migration direction and rate for banded kokopu in a natural stream setting. In the stream setting, neither the migration rate nor the migration direction were affected at turbidity

The effect of frequency on the visual perception of relative phase and phase variability of two oscillating objects - Geoffrey P. Bingham; Frank T.J.M. Zaal; J. Alexander Shull; David R. Collins (Experimental Brain Research, 2001)

Stabililty and change in ultramafic fellfield vegatation at the Keen of Hamar, Shetland, Scotland - David R. Slingsby; John Proctor; Stephen P. Carter (Plant Ecology, 2001)

Abstracts of Presentations at the 18th Conference of the Entomological Society of Israel - M. P. Pener; L. Anshelevich; E. Dunkelblum; M. Hard; A. Harari; D. Gordon; M. Kehat; H. Reuveny; O. Akunis; D. Oppenheim; E. Dunkelblum; Acta Rafaeli; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 2001)

Risedronate Pharmacokinetics and Intra- and Inter-Subject Variability Upon Single-Dose Intravenous and Oral Administration - David Y. Mitchell; William H. Barr; Rachelle A. Eusebio; Karen A. Pallone Stevens; Frank P. Duke; Darrell A. Russell; John D. Nesbitt; James H. Powell; Gary A. Thompson (Pharmaceutical Research, 2001)

Genetic polymorphism in Gymnodinium galatheanum chloroplast DNA sequences and development of a molecular detection assay - Torstein Tengs; Holly A. Bowers; Andrew P. Ziman; Diane K. Stoecker; David W. Oldach (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
Nuclear and chloroplast‐encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were obtained from several strains of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium galatheanum. Phylogenetic analyses and comparison of sequences indicate that the chloroplast sequences show a higher degree of sequence divergence than the nuclear homologue. The chloroplast sequences were chosen as targets for the development of a 5′–3′ exonuclease assay for detection of the organism. The assay has a very high degree of specificity and has been used to screen environmental water samples from a fish farm where the presence of this dinoflagellate species has previously been associated with fish kills. Various hypotheses for the derived nature of the chloroplast sequences are discussed, as well as what is known about the toxicity of the species.

Partitioning net ecosystem carbon exchange with isotopic fluxes of CO 2 - David R. Bowling; Pieter P. Tans; Russell K. Monson (Global Change Biology, 2001)
Summary Because biological and physical processes alter the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CO 2 , variations in isotopic content can be used to investigate those processes. Isotopic flux measurements of 13 CO 2 above terrestrial ecosystems can potentially be used to separate net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) into its component fluxes, net photosynthetic assimilation ( F A ) and ecosystem respiration ( F R ). In this paper theory is developed to partition measured NEE into F A and F R , using measurements of fluxes of CO 2 and 13 CO 2 , and isotopic composition of respired CO 2 and forest air. The theory is then applied to fluxes measured (or estimated, for 13 CO 2 ) in a temperate deciduous forest in eastern Tennessee (Walker Branch Watershed). It appears that there is indeed enough additional information in 13 CO 2 fluxes to partition NEE into its photosynthetic and respiratory components. Diurnal patterns in F A and F R were obtained, which are consistent in magnitude and shape with patterns obtained from NEE measurements and an exponential regression between night‐time NEE and temperature (a standard technique which provides alternate estimates of F R and F A ). The light response curve for photosynthesis ( F A vs. PAR) was weakly nonlinear, indicating potential for saturation at high light intensities. Assimilation‐weighted discrimination against 13 CO 2 for this forest during July 1999 was 16.8–17.1‰, depending on canopy conductance. The greatest uncertainties in this approach lie in the evaluation of canopy conductance and its effect on whole‐canopy photosynthetic discrimination, and thus the indirect methods used to estimate isotopic fluxes. Direct eddy covariance measurements of 13 CO 2 flux are needed to assess the validity of the assumptions used and provide defensible isotope‐based estimates of the component fluxes of net ecosystem exchange.

Biosphere-atmosphere interactions of ammonia with grasslands: Experimental strategy and results from a new European initiative - M.A. Sutton; C. Milford; E. Nemitz; M.R. Theobald; P.W. Hill; D. Fowler; J.K. Schjoerring; M.E. Mattsson; K.H. Nielsen; S. Husted; J.W. Erisman; R. Otjes; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2001)

Accelerated HER-2 degradation enhanced ovarian tumor recognition by CTL. Implications for tumor immunogenicity - Agapito Castilleja; Nancy E. Ward; Catherine A. O'Brian; Bruce Swearingen; Eric Swan; Michal A. Gillogly; James L. Murray; Andrzej P. Kudelka; David M. Gershenson; Constantin G. Ioannides (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

The visual-oculomotor striatum of the cat: functional relationship to the superior colliculus - John K. Harting; Bruce V. Updyke; David P. Van Lieshout (Experimental Brain Research, 2001)

Variation in isomeric products of a phosphodiesterase from the chloroplasts of Phaseolus vulgaris in response to cations - Penny E. Diffley; Alan Geisbrecht; Russell P. Newton; Michael Oliver; Christopher J. Smith; Judith Vaughan; Jan van Cleef; Jan van Geyschem; Terence J. Walton; Mark Bayliss; A. Gareth Brenton; Frank M. Harris; et al. (Plant Biosystems, 2001)

Phylogenetic analysis of the Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) with emphasis on the Neodermata and relatives - David Zamparo; Daniel R. Brooks; Eric P. Hoberg; Deborah A. McLennan (Zoologica Scripta, 2001)
Phylogenetic systematic analysis of 24 taxa representing the rhabdocoel platyhelminths, based on a suite of 89 morphological characters, produced two equally parsimonious trees, 181 steps long, with a consistency index (CI) of 0.69 and a rescaled consistency index (RCI) of 0.56, differing only with respect to that portion of the tree containing Umagillidae, Acholadidae, Graffillinae, Pseudograffillinae, Pterastericolidae and Hypoblepharinidae. Our results accommodate all previously proposed sister taxa to the Neodermata in a single clade in which ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) is the sister group of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma ) ( Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))). Bootstrap and jackknife analyses indicate that the groupings of ((Dalyelliidae + Temnocephalida) Typhloplanidae) and of ((Fecampiidae + Urastoma ) ( Udonella ((Aspidogastrea + Digenea) (Monogenea (Gyrocotylidea (Amphilinidea + Eucestoda)))))) are highly robust, with the latter clade having a CI of 90% and RCI of 82%. Disagreements among previous analyses of these taxa have been due to the influence of missing data for critical characters in key taxa and differences in the taxa analysed, rather than any inherent weakness in the morphological data. Non‐phylogenetic systematic approaches to homology assessment and misconceptions regarding phylogenetic systematic methodology are discussed. Recent analyses combining sequence data with a subset of approximately 60% of the morphological characters should be re‐assessed using the entire morphological database. Even if Udonella is a monogenean, it is most parsimonious to suggest that the common ancestor of the Neodermata had a vertebrate–arthropod two‐host life cycle.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN BODY SIZE AND BODY CONDITION OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION ( ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS ) PUPS FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA - Sebastián P. Luque; David Aurioles‐Gamboa (Marine Mammal Science, 2001)
A bstract The Gulf of California harbors about 15% of the total California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus californianus ) population. We studied pup morphometrics from eight Gulf of California rookeries during the 1996 and 1997 reproductive seasons to describe sex differences in body size and body condition indices. Newborn pup body size was not different from previous reports. Male pups were heavier and larger than female pups in terms of all linear dimensions. Morphometric relationships, however, showed that males were 3%‐4% denser, and that after removing the effects of length, they were about 2% heavier than females. Sculp depth adjusted for length was 12% larger in female than in male pups. Our data provide further evidence that male otariid pups may allocate a larger fraction of milk energy to muscular and skeletal growth compared to female pups.

Leaf endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum modifies mineral uptake in tall fescue - Dariusz P. Malinowski; Ghiath A. Alloush; David P. Belesky (Plant and Soil, 2000)

Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Polarization Behavior of Acenaphthene - Trevor A. Smith; David J. Haines; Kenneth P. Ghiggino (Journal of Fluorescence, 2000)

Simulation of vertical position of buoyancy regulating Microcystis aeruginosa in a shallow eutrophic lake - Brett B. Wallace; Mark C. Bailey; David P. Hamilton (Aquatic Sciences, 2000)

Composition and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: Constraints on the tectonic development of Palawan - Shigeyuki Suzuki; Shizuo Takemura; Graciano P. Yumul; Sevillo D. David; Daniel K. Asiedu (Island Arc, 2000)
Sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession of Central Palawan are rich in quartz grains and acidic volcanic rock fragments. Potassium feldspar grains and granitic rock fragments are commonly observed. The moderate to high SiO 2 and low FeO plus MgO contents of the sandstones support the proposal that clasts were derived from a continental source region. Southern China (Kwangtung and Fukien regions) is inferred to be the source area of the sandstones. The sedimentary facies of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession consist of turbidite and sandstones, suggesting that they were deposited in the deep sea portions of submarine‐fans and basin plains situated along a continental margin. These features indicate that the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene succession of the Central Palawan were derived and drifted from the southern margin of China. The tectonic history related to the formation of Palawan Island is also discussed.

Composition and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: Constraints on the tectonic development of Palawan - Shigeyuki Suzuki; Shizuo Takemura; Graciano P. Yumul; Sevillo D. David; Daniel K. Asiedu (Island Arc, 2000)

Discriminating the role of binocular information in the timing of a one-handed catch - Simon J. Bennett; John van der Kamp; Geert J. P. Savelsbergh; Keith Davids (Experimental Brain Research, 2000)

Streamlined LCA of soy-based ink printing - Duane A. Tolle; David P. Evers; Bruce W. Vigon; John J. Sheehan (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2000)

Erratum: “Short Term In Vivo Precision of Proximal Femoral Finite Element Modeling” (Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28:408–414, 2000) - Dianna D. Cody; Fu J. Hou; George W. Divine; David P. Fyhrie (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2000)

Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda - David P. Watts; John C. Mitani (Primates, 2000)

Gelling agent influences the detrimental effect of kanamycin on adventitious budding in flax - E. Laine; F. Lamblin; J. Lacoux; P. Dupre; D. Roger; D. Sihachakr; A. David (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2000)

Mapping of Mouse α1(XIII) Collagen to Chromosome 10 and Its Exclusion as a kd Candidate Gene - Michal Mrug; John Stockwin; Rudolf P. W¨uthrich; David L. Gasser; Lisa M. Guay-Woodford (Biochemical Genetics, 2000)

Non-erythroid form of acute intermittent porphyria caused by promoter and frameshift mutations distant from the coding sequence of exon 1 of the HMBS gene - Sharon D. Whatley; Andrew G. Roberts; David H. Llewellyn; Christopher P. Bennett; Christine Garrett; George H. Elder (Human Genetics, 2000)

Comparison of heterocyclic amine levels in home-cooked meats with exposure indicators (United States) - Garrett A. Keating; Rashmi Sinha; David Layton; Cynthia P. Salmon; Mark G. Knize; Kenneth T. Bogen; Charles F. Lynch; Michael Alavanja (Cancer Causes & Control, 2000)

Extra‐pair paternity in waved albatrosses - Kathryn P. Huyvaert; David J. Anderson; Thomas C. Jones; Wenrui Duan; Patricia G. Parker (Molecular Ecology, 2000)
We estimated the rate of extra‐pair fertilizations (EPFs) in waved albatrosses ( Phoebastria irrorata ) on Isla Española, Galápagos, Ecuador, using multilocus minisatellite DNA fingerprinting. Waved albatrosses are socially monogamous, long‐lived seabirds whose main population is on Española. Aggressive extra‐pair copulation (EPC) attempts have been observed in the breeding colony during the days preceding egg‐laying. Our genetic analyses of 16 families (single chicks and their attending parents) revealed evidence of EPFs in four families. In all cases males were the excluded parent. These data suggest that waved albatrosses have an unusually high rate of EPF relative to taxa with similar life histories. Future behavioural observations will determine the extent to which forced vs. unforced EPCs contribute to this high EPF rate.

A revised sequence of the human β7 integrin gene ( ITGB7 ) promoter region obtained by inverse PCR - David A. van Heel; Maxine Allen; Derek P. Jewell; Alisoun H. Carey (Immunogenetics, 2000)

Evolution of resistance against powdery mildew in winter wheat populations conducted under dynamic management. II. Adult plant resistance - S. Paillard; I. Goldringer; J. Enjalbert; M. Trottet; J. David; C. de Vallavieille-Pope; P. Brabant (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000)

Molecular genetic advances in tuberous sclerosis - Jeremy P. Cheadle; Mary Pat Reeve; Julian R. Sampson; David J. Kwiatkowski (Human Genetics, 2000)

The effects of Holocene barrier-island evolution on water-table elevations, Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA - William P. Anderson; David G. Evans; Stephen W. Snyder (Hydrogeology Journal, 2000)

Linking Harvest Choices to Timber Supply - Jeffrey P. Prestemon; David N. Wear (Forest Science, 2000)
Aggregate timber supply by ownership was investigated for a small region by applying stand-level harvest choice models to a representative sample of stands and then aggregating to regional totals using the area-frame of the forest survey. Timber harvest choices were estimated as probit models for three ownership categories in coastal plain southern pine stands of North Carolina using individual permanent and remeasured stand-level data from last two available USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) surveys. The timber harvest decision was modeled as a function of timber values, a cost factor, and stand volume as a proxy for nontimber values. Probit models were statistically significant at 1% for all ownerships. Area expansion factors (the portion of forest area in the region represented by the sampled stand) were then combined with harvest probabilities to model the aggregate effects of price changes on timber supply, given a fixed forest area. Implied price elasticities were estimated using this modeling of aggregate effects, and a bootstrapping procedure was applied to estimate confidence limits for supply elasticities with respect to price. Our results showed that NIPF and industry were elastically responsive in the aggregate when price increases are perceived as temporary but much less elastically and usually negatively responsive when increases are perceived as permanent. Results are consistent with theory of optimal rotations and highlight the critical influence of both existing inventory structure and expectations on aggregate timber supply. FOR. SCI. 46(3): 377–389.

Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Heron Reef population of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina - Maria John P. Selvamani; Sandie M. Degnan; David Paetkau; Bernard M. Degnan (Molecular Ecology, 2000)

Characterisation of two distinct HKT1-like potassium transporters from Eucalyptus camaldulensis - David J. Fairbairn; Weihong Liu; Daniel P. Schachtman; Sara Gomez-Gallego; Sharon R. Day; Robert D. Teasdale (Plant Molecular Biology, 2000)

Hypermethylation of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene promoter is not a common event in the inactivation of the NF1 gene in NF1-specific tumours - Martin P. Horan; David N. Cooper; Meena Upadhyaya (Human Genetics, 2000)

Designing a Spatially Balanced, Randomized Site Selection Process for Regional Stream Surveys: The EMAP Mid-Atlantic Pilot Study - Alan T. Herlihy; David P. Larsen; Steven G. Paulsen; N. Scott Urquhart; Barbara J. Rosenbaum (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000)

What Are We Hiding Behind the Visual Buffer Strip? Forest Aesthetics Reconsidered - R. Bruce Hull; David P. Robertson; Gregory J. Buhyoff; Angelina Kendra (Journal of Forestry, 2000)
Forest aesthetics provide the public façade for forestry ethics. Current policies send a hypocritical message of citizens about the practice, intent and ethics of forestry by suggesting that foresters need to disguise the practice of forestry. Such policies imply, to an increasingly wary public, that forestry is bad for the land and that foresters cannot be trusted. We hope that the profession will discuss and negotiate an aesthetics policy that is consonant with--or part of--its Code of Ethics. We review the implications for forestry of competing aesthetic policies, and conclude that forestry should embrace an aesthetic ideal that is analogous to a gardener's work of tending a garden.

Application and evaluation of denaturing HPLC for molecular genetic analysis in tuberous sclerosis - Alistair C. Jones; Julian R. Sampson; Bastian Hoogendoorn; David Cohen; Jeremy P. Cheadle (Human Genetics, 2000)

Decrease of phosphoribulokinase activity by antisense RNA in transgenic tobacco: definition of the light environment under which phosphoribulokinase is not in large excess - Matthew J. Paul; Simon P. Driscoll; P. John Andralojc; Jacqui S. Knight; John C. Gray; David W. Lawlor (Planta, 2000)

Application and evaluation of denaturing HPLC for molecular genetic analysis in tuberous sclerosis - Alistair C. Jones; Julian R. Sampson; Bastian Hoogendoorn; David Cohen; Jeremy P. Cheadle (Human Genetics, 2000)

Evidence of Natural Reproduction of Aquaculture‐Escaped Atlantic Salmon in a Coastal British Columbia River - John P. Volpe; Eric B. Taylor; David W. Rimmer; Barry W. Glickman (Conservation Biology, 2000)
We present evidence of the first successful natural spawning of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) documented on the Pacific coast of North America. Twelve juvenile Atlantic salmon composed of two year classes were captured in the Tsitika River, British Columbia. We analyzed restriction‐length polymorphisms of PCR‐amplified 5S rDNA and mtDNA to confirm that these individuals were Atlantic salmon. Scale analysis strongly suggested they were the products of natural spawning by feral adults. The gut contents, size, and condition of these individuals suggest that Atlantic salmon are successfully maturing in the Tsitika River, British Columbia. This event has raised concerns that the presence and possible establishment of feral Atlantic salmon may further jeopardize the continued persistence of already fragile native Pacific salmonids through competition for resources and occupation of niches that are currently underutilized.

Pelagic C:N:P Stoichiometry in a Eutrophied Lake: Responses to a Whole-Lake Food-Web Manipulation - James J. Elser; Robert W. Sterner; Amy E. Galford; Thomas H. Chrzanowski; David L. Findlay; Kenneth H. Mills; Michael J. Paterson; Michael P. Stainton; David W. Schindler (Ecosystems, 2000)

Reactivation of heritably silenced gene expression in mice - Heidi G.E. Sutherland; Margot Kearns; Hugh D. Morgan; Alexander P. Headley; Christine Morris; David I.K. Martin; Emma Whitelaw (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

GCM Hindcasts of SST Forced Climate Variability over Agriculturally Intensive Regions - Leonard M. Druyan; Kathryn P. Shah; Mark A. Chandler; David Rind (Climatic Change, 2000)

Aircraft Observations Of The Mean And Turbulent Structure Of A Shallow Boundary Layer Over The Persian Gulf - Ian M. Brooks; David P. Rogers (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2000)

Characterisation of the effects of nicotine in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats: antagonist studies - Anne Blondel; David J. Sanger; P. C. Moser (Psychopharmacology, 2000)

Modelling of congenital nystagmus waveforms produced by saccadic system abnormalities - David S. Broomhead; Richard A. Clement; Mark R. Muldoon; Jonathan P. Whittle; Columba Scallan; Richard V. Abadi (Biological Cybernetics, 2000)

Grooming Between Male Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park. I. Partner Number and Diversity and Grooming Reciprocity - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 2000)

Grooming Between Male Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park. II. Influence of Male Rank and Possible Competition for Partners - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 2000)

Measuring the attainment of biological integrity in the USA: a critical element of ecological integrity - Michael T. Barbour; William F. Swietlik; Susan K. Jackson; David L. Courtemanch; Susan P. Davies; Chris O. Yoder (Hydrobiologia, 2000)

An Outbreak of African Swine Fever in Nigeria: Virus Isolation and Molecular Characterization of the VP72 Gene of a First Isolate from West Africa - Solomon O. Odemuyiwa; Isaac A. Adebayo; Wim Ammerlaan; Adebowale T. P. Ajuwape; Olugbenga O. Alaka; Oluwaseyi I. Oyedele; Kamil O. Soyelu; David O. Olaleye; Ebenezer B. Otesile; Claude P. Muller (Virus Genes, 2000)

Short Term In Vivo Precision of Proximal Femoral Finite Element Modeling - Dianna D. Cody; Fu J. Hou; George W. Divine; David P. Fyhrie (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2000)

The Evolution of Enamel Microstructure: How Important Is Amelogenin? - Ajay Kishore Mathur; P. David Polly (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2000)

Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Berliner Products Against the Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea Puera Cramer - J. Loganathan; P. M. M. David (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2000)

Renal effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in volume-depleted dogs - David P. Brooks; Jerry Adams; P. Dennis DePalma; Edward F. Webb; Robert H. Palmer; Don E. Griswold (Inflammopharmacology, 2000)

A deletion on Chromosome 4 cosegregates with the whirler deafness mutation: exclusion of Orm1 as a candidate - Adam J.W. Paige; Brent W. Kiernan; Anabel Varela; Michael J.C. Rogers; David Hughes; Karen P. Steel; Steve D.M. Brown (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

The chemical cell biology of zinc: structure and intracellular fluorescence of a zinc-quinolinesulfonamide complex - M. Sarwar Nasir; Christoph J. Fahrni; David A. Suhy; Kevin J. Kolodsick; Christopher P. Singer; T. V. O'Halloran (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1999)

Production of recombinant human type I procollagen homotrimer in the mammary gland of transgenic mice - P. David Toman; Frank Pieper; Naomi Sakai; Costas Karatzas; Erika Platenburg; Ineke de Wit; Caroline Samuel; Anita Dekker; Gregory A. Daniels; Richard A. Berg; Gerard J. Platenburg (Transgenic Research, 1999)

Improving Forest Inventories: Three Ways to Incorporate Auxiliary Information - Andrew P. Robinson; David C. Hamlin; Stephen E. Fairweather (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Precise estimates of standing inventory often are needed in a very short time; for example, in appraisal situations for acquisitions and divestitures. Opportunities to integrate auxiliary information into forest stand inventory are considerable, and the potential benefits are very attractive. This article presents three popular techniques for incorporating auxiliary information into forest inventory: list sampling, stratification, and Poisson sampling.

Mercury methylation in periphyton of the Florida Everglades - Lisa B. Cleckner; Cynthia C. Gilmour; James P. Hurley; David P. Krabbenhoft (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
Trophic accumulation of mercury (Hg) in aquatic ecosystems is of global concern due to health effects associated with eating fish with elevated Hg levels. The methylated form of Hg bioaccumulates so it is important to understand how inorganic Hg is transformed to methylmercury in the environment. Here, a new site for Hg methylation, the periphyton communities that are prevalent in the Florida Everglades, is described. It is hypothesized that periphyton communities that support an active microbial sulfur cycle support Hg methylation. This new methylation site has implications for trophic transfer of methylmercury since periphyton can be the base of the food web in aquatic ecosystems.

Industrial Ecology and Clean Development in East Asia - Michael T. Rock; David P. Angel; Tubagus Feridhanusetyawan (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1999)
Summary Rapid industry‐led growth in East Asia over the past three decades has resulted in deteriorating air and water quality, escalating energy use and attendant increases in greenhouse gas emissions, and other serious environmental concerns. Current efforts to strengthen environmental regulatory institutions are in many cases overridden by the scale effects of urban‐industrial growth. We examine policy approaches that support a shift toward an alternative trajectory of economic development that is less energy, materials, and pollution intensive. Given that a large proportion of the capital stock in the developing market economies of Asia has yet to be built, we argue that influencing the energy, materials, and pollution intensity of new industrial investment is both a critical opportunity and a policy imperative. Our research indicates a need for greater integration of environmental, industrial and technology policies within the region. Such policy integration should link reductions in energy, materials and pollution intensity to efforts to upgrade the technology and industrial capability of the developing market economies of East Asia.

General Gregariousness and Specific Social Preferences among Wild Chimpanzees - John W. Pepper; John C. Mitani; David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1999)

Assessment of Value and Applications of In Vitro Testing of Topical Dermatological Drug Products - Gordon L. Flynn; Vinod P. Shah; Srinivas N. Tenjarla; Michael Corbo; David DeMagistris; Terry G. Feldman; Thomas J. Franz; Deborah R. Miran; David M. Pearce; Joel A. Sequeira; James Swarbrick; Jonas C. T. Wang; et al. (Pharmaceutical Research, 1999)

Design, synthesis and characterization of panning agents for the selection of metalloantibodies - Oliver Brümmer; Changshou Gao; Shenlan Mao; David P. Weiner; Kim D. Janda (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 1999)

Laboratory Kinetic Studies of the Reactions of Cl Atoms with Species of Biogenic Origin: δ3-Carene, Isoprene, Methacrolein and Methyl Vinyl Ketone - Carlos E. Canosa-Mas; Hilary R. Hutton-Squire; Martin D. King; David J. Stewart; Katherine C. Thompson; Richard P. Wayne (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1999)

Metyrapone displays antidepressant-like properties in preclinical paradigms - David G. Healy; Andrew Harkin; John F. Cryan; John P. Kelly; B. E. Leonard (Psychopharmacology, 1999)

Arsenate Displacement from Fly Ash in Amended Soils - Nikolla P. Qafoku; Urszula Kukier; Malcolm E. Sumner; William P. Miller; David E. Radcliffe (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1999)

Dimerisation of maize glutathione transferases in recombinant bacteria - David P. Dixon; David J. Cole; Robert Edwards (Plant Molecular Biology, 1999)

The Public Debate about Roads on the National Forests: An Analysis of the News Media, 1994-98 - David N. Bengston; David P. Fan (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
Computer methods were used to analyze attitudes and beliefs expressed in a large database of news stories about roads on the US national forests. The view that forest roads are important for recreational use and access was expressed most frequently followed by the belief that roads cause environmental damage. Analyzing the debate about forest roads as it is reflected in the news media is one way to monitor the changing Context in which forest management decisions and policies need to be made.

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Surface Geometry of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - Michael S. Sacks; David A. Vorp; M. L. Raghavan; Michael P. Federle; Marshall W. Webster (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Parametric and Nonparametric Nonlinear System Identification of Lung Tissue Strip Mechanics - Huichin Yuan; David T. Westwick; Edward P. Ingenito; Kenneth R. Lutchen; Béla Suki (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Estimation of the Shear Stress on the Surface of an Aortic Valve Leaflet - Matthew W. Weston; David V. LaBorde; Ajit P. Yoganathan (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Studies on the dermal and systemic bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic compounds in high viscosity oil products - David Potter; Ewan D. Booth; Henk C. A. Brandt; Robert W. Loose; Robert A. J. Priston; Alan S. Wright; William P. Watson (Archives of Toxicology, 1999)

Soil disturbance, flood management, and riparian woody plant establishment in the Rio Grande floodplain - John P. Taylor; David B. Wester; Loren M. Smith (Wetlands, 1999)

Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands - Randall J. Hunt; John F. Walker; David P. Krabbenhoft (Wetlands, 1999)

Abstracts of papers presented at the 15th conference of the weed science society of Israel - H. Eizenberg; Z. Tanaami; R. Jacobsohn; A. Lalazar; M. Hayut; M. Sibony; A. Tal; B. Rubin; M. Sibony; T. Yossef; D. Plakhine; Y. Kleifeld; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1999)

Plastic responses to clipping in two species of Amaranthus from the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico - David Martínez Moreno; Juan Núñez-Farfán; Teresa Terrazas; Ruiz P Lucero del Mar; Antonio Trinidad-Santos; Trejo L Carlos; Alfonso Larque-Saavedra (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1999)

Gene-environment interaction: a significant diet-dependent obesity locus demonstrated in a congenic segment on mouse Chromosome 7 Mus castaneus. --> - Barbara York; Alycia A. Truett; Michelle P. Monteiro; Sean J. Barry; Craig H. Warden; Jürgen K. Naggert; Terry P. Maddatu; David B. West (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

Technique to Determine Inspiratory Impedance during Mechanical Ventilation: Implications for Flow Limited Patients - David W. Kaczka; Edward P. Ingenito; Kenneth R. Lutchen (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1999)

Repositioning the hereditary paraganglioma critical region on chromosome band 11q23 - B. E. Baysal; E. M. van Schothorst; Joan E. Farr; P. Grashof; David Myssiorek; Wendy S. Rubinstein; Peter Taschner; Cees J. Cornelisse; B. Devlin; Peter Devilee; C. W. Richard III. (Human Genetics, 1999)

Splicing-independent processing of plant box C/D and box H/ACA small nucleolar RNAs - David J. Leader; Gillian P. Clark; Jennifer Watters; Alison F. Beven; Peter J. Shaw; John W.S. Brown (Plant Molecular Biology, 1999)

BOOK REVIEW: Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among the Apes. By Frans de Waal. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1998, xv = 235 pp., $29.95 (hardback) - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1999)

Life-History Patterns in Reference and Metal-Exposed Earthworm Populations - David J. Spurgeon; Stephen P. Hopkin (Ecotoxicology, 1999)

Calculation of population attributable risk for alcohol and breast cancer (United States) - Marilyn Tseng; Clarice R. Weinberg; David M. Umbach; Matthew P. Longnecker (Cancer Causes & Control, 1999)

THE APPLICATION OF IMMUNO‐ASSAYS FOR SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF MORBILLIVIRUS EXPOSURE IN FREE RANGING HARBOR SEALS ( PHOCA VITULINA ) AND SEA OTTERS ( ENHYDRA LUTRIS ) FROM THE WESTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES - Kimberley D. Ham‐Lammé; Donald P. King; Bernadette C. Taylor; Carol House; David A. Jessup; Steve Jeffries; Pamela K. Yochem; Frances M. D. Gulland; David A. Ferrick; Jeffrey L. Stott (Marine Mammal Science, 1999)

Seasonal variation in methane emission from a temperate Phragmites‐dominated marsh: effect of growth stage and plant‐mediated transport - JooN. Kim; Shashi B. Verma; David P. Billesbach (Global Change Biology, 1999)
The eddy covariance technique was employed with a tunable diode laser spectrometer to quantify methane flux from a prairie marsh dominated by Phragmites australis in north‐central Nebraska, USA. The observations spanned the entire growing season (April to October) and a wide range of weather conditions, allowing a quantitative assessment of the physical and biological controls of methane emission in this ecosystem. Diel patterns in methane emission varied markedly depending on plant growth stage. Prior to plant emergence above water, the rate of methane emission from the marsh was fairly constant throughout the day. After emergence above water, there was a gradual increase in methane emission after sunrise with a peak in late afternoon. Significant changes in diel patterns were observed after tillering. Then, the diel pattern was characterized by a mid‐ to late‐morning peak and a 2‐to 4‐fold increase in methane emissions from night to daytime. In early stages of plant growth, molecular diffusion through dead/live plants and the standing water column seemed to be the primary transport mechanism. After tillering, a transition occurred in the transport mechanism from a molecular diffusion to a convective throughflow, which is a rapid and active gas transport driven by pressure differences. The role of convective throughflow became less important as the plants senesced. Integrated methane emission over the six‐month measurement period (April–October) was about 64 g CH 4 m –2 . On an annual basis, we estimate the annual methane emission from this ecosystem to be ≈ 80 g CH 4 m –2 and that about 80% of the total methane emission occurred between late April and late October.

Multidimensional scaling analyses of two construction-related tasks - Kenneth C. Whang; David A. Crowe; A. P. Georgopoulos (Experimental Brain Research, 1999)

Perceptual distortions in the neural representation of visual space - P. V. McGraw; David Whitaker (Experimental Brain Research, 1999)

Quantifying impacts to riparian wetlands associated with reduced flows along the Greybull River, Wyoming - Gregory D. Johnson; M. Dale Strickland; John P. Buyok; Clayton E. Derby; David P. Young (Wetlands, 1999)

Abstracts of Papers presented at a Workshop on Ecology of Botrytis and Sclerotinia and their Interaction With Other Microorganisms Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Workshop on Genetic Aspects ofFusarium oxysporum and Related Species Abstracts of Papers and Discussion Contributions Presented at the Dutch-Israeli (Diarp) Workshop on Environment-Friendly Crop Protection of the Flower Industry to Suit Future Market Trends - A. Ten Have; W. Oude Breuil; J. Wubben; W. Mulder; J. Visser; J. van Kan; T. Quidde; P. Tudzynski; T. M. O’Neill; G. De Meyer; K. Audenaert; J. Bigirimana; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1999)

A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of the Striatum and Cerebral Cortex in Parkinson's Disease - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson; Nora Turjanski; Sattya Bhattacharya; John P. Seery; Janet Sargentoni; David J. Brooks; David J. Bryant; I. Jane Cox (Metabolic Brain Disease, 1999)

PHF2, a novel PHD finger gene located on human Chromosome 9q22 - Kerstin Hasenpusch-Theil; Brian P. Chadwick; Thomas Theil; Stephanie K. Heath; David G. Wilkinson; Anna-Marie Frischauf (Mammalian Genome, 1999)

Contributory presentations/posters - N. Manoj; V. R. Srinivas; A. Surolia; M. Vijayan; K. Suguna; R. Ravishankar; K. Suguna; A. Surolia; M. Vijayan; R. Schwarzenbacher; K. Zeth; Diederichs; et al. (Journal of Biosciences, 1999)

Symposia lectures - F. Parak; A. Ostermann; G. U. Nienhaus; Nobuo Niimura; William A. Eaton; Stephen J. Hagen; Eric R. Henry; James Hofrichter; Gouri Jas; Lisa Lapidus; Victor Muñoz; Chih-chen Wang; et al. (Journal of Biosciences, 1999)

Will Limits of the Earth's Resources Control Human Numbers? - David Pimentel; O. Bailey; P. Kim; E. Mullaney; J. Calabrese; L. Walman; F. Nelson; X. Yao (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1999)

Mushrooms and Timber: Managing Commercial Harvesting in the Oregon Cascades - David Pilz; Jerry Smith; Michael P. Amaranthus; Susan Alexander; Randy Molina; Daniel Luoma (Journal of Forestry, 1999)
American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare), which are harvested from Forest Service lands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range, provide commercial, recreational, subsistence, and cultural opportunities to forest users. The Winema and Deschutes National Forests have used collection permits and educational programs to address concerns about harvesters activities and resource sustainability. Research on matsutake productivity shows that silvicultural options may reduce fire danger and provide revenue, jobs, and wood while improving forest health and increasing the availability of the mushrooms. Thus forest managers can expand their planning and management activities to enhance the commercial value of forests.

The effect of variations in irradiance on buoyancy regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa - Brett B. Wallace; David P. Hamilton (Limnology and Oceanography, 1999)
A mechanism of buoyancy regulation in cyanobacteria was investigated in a fluctuating light environment typical of the mixed layer in a lake. New measurements of density and cellular carbohydrate content were obtained from a field sample of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa . The rate of increase in carbohydrate and density in this cyanobacterium does not instantaneously adjust to an increase in light intensity. There is a time lag, the response time, corresponding to physiological adjustment to the increase in light, before equilibration of the rate of carbohydrate and density increase. Also, the rate of density and carbohydrate increase is nonlinear over the response time. Based on these experimental findings, a new model for buoyancy regulation was developed that includes the response time. This model was applied to two fluctuating light regimes that simulate Langmuir circulation and turbulence. The simulations reveal that the response time is critical in determining if a cell equilibrates its rate of density change to a change in the light that it receives. If the response time is longer than the time scale of the light fluctuation, then the rate of density increase will be less than the optimal equilibrium rate. Models that do not include the response time will not correctly predict the buoyancy of cyanobacteria and their water column position after an episode of mixing.

U-Pb monazite, xenotime and titanite geochronological constraints on the prograde to post-peak metamorphic thermal history of Paleoproterozoic migmatites from the Grand Canyon, Arizona - David P. Hawkins; Samuel A. Bowring (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1999)

Immunotherapy of mice with an irradiated melanoma vaccine coupled with interleukin-12 - David P. Shrayer; Bernard Cole; Vincent J. Hearing; Stanley F. Wolf; Harold J. Wanebo (Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 1999)

Optimization of the choice of molecular markers for varietal identification in Vitis vinifera L. - C. Tessier; J. David; P. This; J. M. Boursiquot; A. Charrier (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1999)

Characterization of Urtica dioica agglutinin isolectins and the encoding gene family - Mirjam P. Does; David K. Ng; Henk L. Dekker; Willy J. Peumans; Petra M. Houterman; Els J.M. Van Damme; Ben J.C. Cornelissen (Plant Molecular Biology, 1999)

Genes encoding light-harvesting and reaction center proteins from Chromatium vinosum - Gary E. Corson; Kenji V. P. Nagashima; Katsumi Matsuura; Yumiko Sakuragi; Ruwanthi Wettasinghe; Hong Qin; Randy Allen; David B. Knaff (Photosynthesis Research, 1999)

Biodiversity changes in a shallow lake ecosystem: a multi‐proxy palaeolimnological analysis - C. Sayer; N. Roberts; J. Sadler; C. David; P. M. Wade (Journal of Biogeography, 1999)
Summary Biodiversity is a key measure of environmental quality in lake ecosystems. Lake biodiversity can be assessed using modern survey data, but typically these data only provide a ‘snap‐shot’ measure and in most cases it is not possible to reconstruct temporal trends in biodiversity, so that human impacts can be detected. Palaeoecological techniques offer an alternative means of identifying changes in biodiversity over the period of historical records and far beyond, but there are problems associated with this approach. This is because only a select set of organisms leave a trace in the sediment record such that it is not usually possible to make reliable assessments of diversity changes within an entire taxonomic order (e.g. the algae). Moreover these organisms are typically from the lower levels of the trophic hierarchy (i.e. plants and insects). The problems of identifying changes in biodiversity from the palaeolimnological record are addressed with reference to Groby Pool, a shallow, eutrophic, medieval lake in the English Midlands, which has been subjected to eutrophication over the last 150 years. 210 Pb and 137 Cs‐dated sediment cores have been used to estimate short‐term alterations in the composition and diversity of three groups of indicators, representing different levels in the trophic cascade, namely diatoms, aquatic pollen and chironomids. By exploring relationships, both between these indicators and with archival macrophyte records, an assessment is made of eutrophication‐related changes in overall habitat diversity at the ecosystem level. These data suggest that the lake has undergone considerable nutrient enrichment, resulting in the loss of a diverse, mesotrophic macrophyte flora from at least the turn of the century onwards and its replacement by a few highly competitive species tolerant of high nutrient concentrations. Reductions in macrophyte diversity seem to be reflected palaeoecologically by a decline in the diversity of fossil chironomid assemblages, related to the breakdown of particular host‐plant relationships amongst the phytophagic species. However, diatom assemblages generally exhibit the opposite trend, which may be related to increases in macrophyte cover and increasing opportunities for the colonization of diverse epiphyte communities. The different fossil indicators have different limitations and merits, and for this reason a ‘multi‐proxy’ approach is essential if meaningful inferences are to be made of changes in lake biodiversity using palaeoecological data.

Atmospheric controls on Eurasian snow extent - Martyn P. Clark; Mark C. Serreze; David A. Robinson (International Journal of Climatology, 1999)

Frequency of nucleated red blood cells in maternal blood during the different gestational ages - L. P. Shulman; Owen P. Phillips; Elizabeth Tolley; David Sammons; S. S. Wachtel (Human Genetics, 1998)

Seasonality in the Ecology and Life Histories of Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1998)

Differentiating cells of murine stratified squamous epithelia constitutively express plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) - Barbara C. Risse; Heather Brown; Robert M. Lavker; Julia M. Pearson; Mark S. Baker; David Ginsburg; P. J. Jensen (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 1998)

Irregular patterns of transgene silencing in allohexaploid oat - Wojciech P. Pawlowski; Kimberly A. Torbert; Howard W. Rines; David A. Somers (Plant Molecular Biology, 1998)

Cloning and characterization of cold-regulated glycine-rich RNA-binding protein genes from leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and comparison to heterologous genomic clones - David P. Horvath; Prudence A. Olson (Plant Molecular Biology, 1998)

Effects of repetitive dynamic contractions upon electromechanical delay - David A. Gabriel; Jean P. Boucher (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998)

Coalitionary mate guarding by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda - David P. Watts (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1998)

Conservation of Pacific Salmon: Response to Wainwright and Waples - Kenneth P. Currens; Fred W. Allendorf; David Bayles; Daniel L. Bottom; Christopher A. Frissell; David Hankin; James A. Lichatowich; Patrick C. Trotter; Thomas A. Williams (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Characterization of the mouse TGFβ-inducible early gene (TIEG): conservation of exon and transcriptional regulatory sequences with evidence of additional transcripts - Michael P. Fautsch; Anne Vrabel; David Rickard; Malayannan Subramaniam; Thomas C. Spelsberg; Eric D. Wieben (Mammalian Genome, 1998)

Trends of Contaminants and Effects in Bald Eagles of the Great Lakes Basin - William W. Bowerman; David A. Best; Teryl G. Grubb; Gregory M. Zimmerman; John P. Giesy (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998)

Self-Association Properties of Monomeric Insulin Analogs Under Formulation Conditions - Jane P. Richards; Mary P. Stickelmeyer; David B. Flora; Ronald E. Chance; Bruce H. Frank; Michael R. DeFelippis (Pharmaceutical Research, 1998)

Utilization of a Photosystem by Drosophila melanogaster Larvae (Diptera: Drosophilidae) - David P. Kutzler; John M. Warrick; Mark S. Wuttke; Simon O. Okewole; Laurie Tompkins (Journal of Insect Behavior, 1998)

Estradiol enhances gene delivery to human breast tumor cells - P. T. Jain; David A. Gewirtz (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 1998)

Modeling Disjunct Gray Wolf Populations in Semi‐Wild Landscapes - Robert G. Haight; David J. Mladenoff; Adrian P. Wydeven (Conservation Biology, 1998)
Gray wolves ( Canis lupus ) in parts of the United States and Europe live in networks of disjunct populations, many of which are close to human settlement. Because wolf management goals include sustaining disjunct populations, it is important to ask what types of areas and protections are needed for population survival. To predict the effects of different levels of human‐caused mortality, we created a simulation model for a disjunct wolf population living in a semi‐wild landscape with abundant, well distributed prey. The landscape included a maximum of 16 territories divided into core and peripheral range. The mortality rate in the core range was 20%, whereas the mortality rate in peripheral range (40%) was higher because of human‐caused deaths. We examined the relationship between the proportions of core and peripheral range and the 50‐year occupancy of that range by wolf packs, given different assumptions about pup and dispersal mortality and immigration. Simulations showed that occupancy increased as the number of core sites increased, but curve location depended on parameter assumptions. With pup and dispersal mortality rates consistent with those for disease‐free and legally protected populations, wolves saturated a 16‐territory cluster with as few as two core sites, regardless of immigration rate. When populations had high pup or dispersal mortality, as few as two immigrants per year helped maintain high (>80%) site occupancy in clusters with four or more core sites. Small numbers of immigrants were also important for sustaining colonizing populations and buffering the negative effects of increased environmental variation. The simulations supported the claim that wolves can survive in disjunct populations provided that wolves can move between populations, human persecution is not excessive, and prey is abundant. Modelado de Poblaciones Fragmentadas de Lobo Gris en Paisajes Semi‐Silvestres En parte de los Estados Unidos y Europa, el lobo gris ( Canis lupus ) vive en redes de poblaciones fragmentadas, muchas de las cuales se encuentran cercanas a asentamientos humanos. Debido a que las metas de manejo del lobo incluyen el sostenimiento de poblaciones fragmentadas, es importante preguntarse que tipos de áreas y protecciones son necsarias para la sobrevivencia de una población. Para predecir los efectos de la mortalidad causada por humanos a diferentes niveles, creamos un modelo de simulación para una población fragmentada de lobos viviendo en un paisaje semi‐silvestre, con una abundante y bien distribuída presa. El paisaje incluyó un máximo de 16 territorios divididos en rangos medulares y periféricos. La tasa de martalidad en el rango medular fue de un 20% mientras que la tasa de mortalidad en el rango periférico fue de un 40%, siendo esta mayor debido a muertes ocasionadas por humanos. Examinamos la relación entre las proporciones del rango medular y periférico y la occupación de estos rangos a lo largo de 50 años por grupos de lobos dadas diferentes condiciones de mortalidad de cachorros, dispersión e inmigración. Las simulaciones muestran que la ocupación incrementa en tanto el número de sitios medulares se incrementa; sin embargo, la curva de ubicación depende de los parámetros asumidos. Con tasas de mortalidad de cachorros y por dispersión consistentes con aquellas de poblaciones libres de enfermedades y legalmente protegidas, los lobos saturaron un conglomerado de 16 territorios con tan solo 2 sitios medulares, independientemente de la tasa de inmigración. Cuando las poblaciones tuvieron una mortalidad alta de cachorros o por dispersión, tan solo 2 inmigrantes por año ayudaron a mantener alta (>80%) la ocupación de sitios en clusters can cuatro o mas sitios medulares. Un número pequeño de inmigrantes fue tambien importante para mantener colonizando poblaciones y amortiguando los efectos negativos de una variación ambiental elevada. Las simulaciones soportan la idea de que los lobos pueden sobrevivir en poblaciones fragmentadas, siempre y cuando los lobos puedan moverse entre poblaciones, que la persecución por humanos no sea excesiva y que las presas sean abundantes.

Modeling Disjunct Gray Wolf Populations in Semi-Wild Landscapes - Robert G. Haight; David J. Mladenoff; Adrian P. Wydeven (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Evidence for chemical changes on the root surface of tall fescue in response to infection with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum - Dariusz P. Malinowski; Ghiath A. Alloush; David P. Belesky (Plant and Soil, 1998)

Long-Term Habitat Use by Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). 2. Reuse of Foraging Areas in Relation to Resource Abundance, Quality, and Depletion - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1998)

Long-Term Habitat Use by Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). 1. Consistency, Variation, and Home Range Size and Stability - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1998)

Expression and Immunolocalisation of the Snowdrop Lectin, GNA in Transgenic Rice Plants - Duraialagaraja Sudhakar; Xiangdong Fu; Eva Stoger; Sarah Williams; Jacqui Spence; David P. Brown; Muthusamy Bharathi; John A. Gatehouse; Paul Christou (Transgenic Research, 1998)

Estimation of Nutrient Atmospheric Deposition to Long Island Sound - Hsien-Lun Hu; Hsiu-Min Chen; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; David R. Miller; Xiusheng Yang (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1998)

Systemic oxygen extraction during incremental exercise in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - David A. Oelberg; Benjamin D. Medoff; Deborah H. Markowitz; Paul P. Pappagianopoulos; Leo C. Ginns; David M. Systrom (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998)

Prototype LAAS Architecture Design Considerations - Boris S. Pervan; Samuel P. Pullen; David G. Lawrence; Konstantin Gromov; Jock Christie; Guttorm Opshaug; Vicky Lu; Ping-Ya Ko; Per Enge; Bradford W. Parkinson (GPS Solutions, 1998)

Trans‐oceanic characterization of zooplankton community size structure using an optical plankton counter - CHRISTOPHER P. GALLIENNE; DAVID B. ROBINS (Fisheries Oceanography, 1998)
The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT), sampling between 50°N and 50°S, is a trans‐oceanic research programme to characterize plankton community structure, productivity and bio‐optical properties of the upper ocean in relation to ocean provinces and meso‐scale features. As part of a suite of continuous measurements, an optical plankton counter (OPC) has been used on the AMT to characterize the surface distribution of zooplankton based on their abundance and community size structure. Results from the OPC were available in real time, and were subsequently validated against microscope counts of zooplankton sampled concurrently along the AMT. Zooplankton community size structure from two sections of the Transect are presented: from the northern edge of upwelling off West Africa to the UK shelf and between the Falkland Islands and Uruguay, where the Transect traversed a warm core ring. Results showing the zooplankton community size structure together with statistical analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA), are compared with the dynamic oceanographic characteristics along the Transect. The application of the OPC for such basin‐scale studies provides a methodology for obtaining data on zooplankton abundance and community structure at the appropriate spatial scales for global‐scale modelling of the marine ecosystem.

The influence of exogenous peptide on β 2 -microglobulin exchange in the HLA complex: analysis in real-time - Claire L. Morgan; Anita K. Ruprai; Alejandra Solache; Mark Lowdell; Christopher P. Price; Shara B. A. Cohen; Peter Parham; J. Alejandro Madrigal; David J. Newman (Immunogenetics, 1998)

Inflammation-associated lysyl oxidase protein expression in vivo, and modulation by FGF-2 plus IGF-1 - P. C. Trackman; Rudolph J. Graham; Howard K. Bittner; David L. Carnes; James A. Gilles; Dana T. Graves (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 1998)

Protective effects of WEB 2086 (PAF antagonist) and ketoprofen (NSAID) on PAF-induced changes in the morphological ultrastructure of blood platelets in calves - M. Bastos da Silva; C. Dessy; J. Coghe; J.-L. David; P. Lekeux (Veterinary Research Communications, 1998)

Correction - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

A study of females with deletions of the short arm of the X chromosome - Rowena S. James; Brian Coppin; Paola Dalton; Nicholas R. Dennis; Caroline Mitchell; Andrew J. Sharp; David H. Skuse; N. Simon Thomas; P. A. Jacobs (Human Genetics, 1998)

Mycorrhiza in review - David P. Janos; Cory L. Cain (Mycorrhiza, 1998)

Context-specific short-term adaptation of the phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex - P. D. Kramer; Mark Shelhamer; Grace C. Y. Peng; David S. Zee (Experimental Brain Research, 1998)

A Novel Method for Efficient Drug Delivery - Christos P. Markou; Elizabeth M. Lutostansky; David N. Ku; Stephen R. Hanson (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1998)

The Late Devensian glaciation of the eastern Lleyn Peninsula, North Wales: evidence for terrestrial depositional environments - Geoffrey S. P. Thomas; David K. Chester; Peter Crimes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1998)

The Late Devensian glaciation of the eastern Lleyn Peninsula, North Wales: evidence for terrestrial depositional environments - Geoffrey S. P. Thomas; David K. Chester; Peter Crimes (Journal of Quaternary Science, 1998)

Variation in Genetic Diversity across the Range of North American Brown Bears - David Paetkau; Lisette P. Waits; Peter L. Clarkson; Lance Craighead; Ernie Vyse; Ryk Ward; Curtis Strobeck (Conservation Biology, 1998)
Understanding the factors that influence the rate at which natural populations lose genetic diversity is a central aspect of conservation genetics because of the importance of genetic diversity in maintaining evolutionary potential and individual fitness. Concerns about loss of genetic diversity are particularly relevant to large carnivores, such as brown bears (Ursus arctos), that are distributed at low densities and are highly susceptible to human‐caused population fragmentation. We used eight highly variable nuclear microsatellite markers to study current levels of genetic variation across the North American range of brown bears. The highest levels of within‐population genetic diversity (H e = 0.76) were found in northern populations in the core of the North American distribution. Diversity was significantly lower in populations at the southern fringe of the distribution, in the Northwest Territories, and in southwest Alaska. Diversity was lower still in the Yellowstone Ecosystem population (H e = 0.55), an isolated remnant of the larger distribution that recently extended south from the Canadian border into Mexico. The insular population on the Kodiak Archipelago had very low genetic diversity (H e = 0.26). The Yellowstone and Kodiak data suggest that the effective population size for brown bears is much smaller than previously suspected. These results indicate that the levels of diversity in most undisturbed populations can be maintained only through connections to populations on the scale of the current North American distribution. At the same time, the Kodiak data demonstrate that populations well under the size recommended for long‐term conservation can persist and thrive for thousands of years, although the probability of such persistence remains unknown. Variación en la Diversidad Genética a lo largo del Rango de Distribución del Oso Café de Norteamérica Entender los factores que influeyen en la tasa a la cual las poblaciones naturales pierden diversidad genética es un aspecto central de la genética de la conservación debido a la importancia de la diversidad genética en el mantenimiento del potencial evolutivo y la condición individual. Las preocupaciones sobre la pérdida de la diversidad genética tiene particular relevancia para los carnivoros mayores, como lo es el oso café (Ursus arctos), que se distribuye a bajas densidades y que es altamente susceptible a la fragmentación poblacional causada por humanos. Para estudiar los niveles actuales de variación genética a lo largo del rango de distribución de los osos cafés, usamos ocho marcadores microsatélite nucleares altamente variables. Los niveles mas altos de diversidad genética intrapoblacional (H e = 0.76) se encontraron en poblaciones del Norte en el centro de la distribución en Norteamérica. La diversidad fue significativamente menor en poblaciones limítrofes sureñas, en los territorios del Noroeste y el Suroeste de Alaska. La diversidad fue mas baja aún en la población de Yellowstone (H e = 0.55), un remanente de una distribución mayor que recientemente se extendía hacia el sur desde la frontera Canadiense hacia México. La población insular en el archipielago de Kodiak tuvo una diversidad genética muy baja (H e = 0.26). Los datos de Yellowstone y Kodiak sugieren que el tamaño poblacional efectivo para el oso café es mucho mas pequeño que lo previamente estimado. Estos resultados indican que los niveles de diversidad en la mayoría de las poblaciones no perturbadas pueden ser mantenidos mediante conecciones con poblaciones en la escala de la distibución actual en Norteamérica. Al mismo tiempo, los datos de Kodiac demuestran que poblaciones muy por debajo del tamaño recomendado para la conservación a largo plazo pueden persistir por miles de años, aunque su probabilidad de persistencia es aún desconocida.

Variation in Genetic Diversity across the Range of North American Brown Bears - David Paetkau; Lisette P. Waits; Peter L. Clarkson; Lance Craighead; Ernie Vyse; Ryk Ward; Curtis Strobeck (Conservation Biology, 1998)

Induction and inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by the lectin from the red marine alga Amansia multifida - Hermenio C. Lima; Francisco H. F. Costa; Alexandre H. Sampaio; Samya A. Neves; Norma M. B. Benevides; Darlio I. A. Teixeira; David J. Rogers; Ana Lúcia P. Freitas (Journal of Applied Phycology, 1998)

Marine temperatures experienced by postsmolts and the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in the North Sea area - KEVIN D. FRIEDLAND; LARS P. HANSEN; DAVID A. DUNKLEY (Fisheries Oceanography, 1998)
The survival of two Atlantic salmon stocks that inhabit rivers confluent with the North Sea was examined in respect to historical distributions of sea surface water temperatures. The rivers Figgjo and North Esk are relatively small salmon rivers in southern Norway and eastern Scotland, respectively. Wild salmon smolts have been tagged in these rivers since 1965. Tag returns were used to evaluate the survival of salmon in the North Sea. Survival rates of one‐sea‐winter (1SW) and 2SW fish were correlated within stocks, as well as between stocks. Survival rates were compared with the areal extent of thermal habitat in the north‐eastern Atlantic Ocean. A positive correlation was found between the area of 8–10°C water in May and the survival of salmon. A reciprocal negative correlation was also found between survival and 5–7°C water in the same month. An analysis of sea surface temperature distributions for periods of good vs. poor salmon survival showed that when cool surface waters dominate the Norwegian coast and North Sea during May, salmon survival has been poor. Conversely, when the 8°C isotherm has extended northward along the Norwegian coast during May, survival has been good. The effect of water temperature distributions on the growth of postsmolts and other survival factors are discussed.

"Depression" increases "craving" for sweet rewards in animal and human models of depression and craving - P. Willner; David Benton; Emma Brown; Survjit Cheeta; Gareth Davies; Janine Morgan; Michael Morgan (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum - Xi-Ming Li; Kenneth W. Perry; David T. Wong; F. P. Bymaster (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the xth international congress of virology - Sijun Liu; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Morad Ghanim; Muhamad Zeidan; Henryk Czosnek; A. Bruyère; E. Herrbach; V. Brault; V. Ziegler-Graff; H. Guilley; J. F. J. M. van den Heuvel; et al. (Phytoparasitica, 1998)

Heterogeneity in the protein cores of mucins isolated from human middle ear effusions: evidence for expression of different mucin gene products - David A Hutton; Fiona J.J Fogg; Haytham Kubba; John P Birchall; Jeffrey P Pearson (Glycoconjugate Journal, 1998)

A Unified Method for Calculating the Center of Pressure during Wheelchair Propulsion - David P. VanSickle; Rory A. Cooper; Michael L. Boninger; Rick N. Robertson; Sean D. Shimada (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1998)

The "prismane" protein resolved: X-ray structure at 1.7 Å and multiple spectroscopy of two novel 4Fe clusters - Alexander F. Arendsen; Jonathan Hadden; Graeme Card; Alan S. McAlpine; Susan Bailey; Vjacheslav Zaitsev; Elizabeth H. M. Duke; P. F. Lindley; Monika Kröckel; Alfred X. Trautwein; Martinus C. Feiters; John M. Charnock; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1998)

Structural and magnetic characterisation of the haem core of ferricytochromes c 6 - Ricardo O. Louro; Milagros Medina; António P. Aguiar; Manuel Hervás; Miguel De la Rosa; Carlos Gómez-Moreno; David L. Turner; António V. Xavier (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1998)

Book Review: Ecology of an African Rain Forest. By Thomas T. Struhsaker. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1997, xxii + 434 pp., $39.95 (cloth) - David P. Watts (International Journal of Primatology, 1998)

Chaetotaxy of members of the Gyrodactylidae (Monogenea), with comments upon their systematic relationships with the Monopisthocotylea and Polyopisthocotylea - Andrew P. Shinn; David I. Gibson; Christina Sommerville (Systematic Parasitology, 1998)

A large-scale model of some spinal reflex circuits - David P. Bashor (Biological Cybernetics, 1998)

Activation of midline thalamic nuclei by antipsychotic drugs - B. M. Cohen; Weihua Wan; Michael P. Froimowitz; David J. Ennulat; Sara Cherkerzian; Hanna Konieczna (Psychopharmacology, 1998)

A preliminary study of selective visual attention in female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) - David P. Watts (Primates, 1998)