Genetic analysis of grain protein content and deviation in wheat - Rohan Richard; Alison Lovegrove; Paola Tosi; Richard Casebow; Mervin Poole; Luzie U. Wingen; Simon Griffiths; Peter R. Shewry (Journal of Cereal Science, 2025)

Lithospheric weakspots, not hotspots: New England-Quebec and Shenandoah anorogenic magmatism in the context of global plate tectonics, intraplate stress and LIPs - Peter R. Vogt; Gillian R. Foulger (Earth-Science Reviews, 2025)

Practical considerations in the establishment of psychedelic research programs - Brian S. Barnett; M. Frances Vest; Marcus S. Delatte; Franklin King IV; Erin E. Mauney; Anthony J. Coulson; Sandeep M. Nayak; Peter S. Hendricks; George R. Greer; Kevin S. Murnane (Psychopharmacology, 2025)
Rationale There is increasing interest in establishing psychedelic research programs at academic medical centers. However, psychedelics are intensely psychoactive, carry considerable sociopolitical baggage, and most are Schedule I drugs, creating significant potential impediments to implementation. There is little formal guidance for investigators on navigating the complex on-the-ground obstacles associated with establishing psychedelic research programs. Objectives This article provides recommendations that may be helpful to investigators seeking to work with psychedelics, with a focus on academic medical centers in the United States. Methods The academic literature on relevant matters is reviewed, and the authors provide observations from their experiences either working for relevant regulatory agencies or conducting basic science studies, investigator-initiated trials, or industry sponsored trials with psychedelics. Results Investigators planning to conduct psychedelic research should cultivate broad institutional support early. Challenges related to securing funding, obtaining approval for an Investigational New Drug application from the Food and Drug Administration, clinical grade drug sourcing, obtaining a Schedule I researcher registration from the Drug Enforcement Administration and an equivalent state license (if required), preparing spaces for treatment and study drug storage, managing controlled substance inventory, engaging the local community, and other issues should be anticipated. Conclusions Investigators should anticipate several implementation challenges when planning to work with psychedelics. However, these are likely surmountable with planning, persistence, and assistance from colleagues and other experts.

Editorial: Jasmonates Action in Plants - M. Iqbal R. Khan; Mohammad Irfan; Peter Poor (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2025)

Increasing agricultural land use in riparian networks negatively affects stream fish communities in a tropical savanna - Jenny J. Morales; Lúcia Mateus; Luiza Peluso; Peter Zeilhofer; Bruno R. S. Figueiredo; Jerry Penha (Hydrobiologia, 2025)

The effect of age on heart rate variability indices during and following high-intensity continuous exercise in masters and young cyclists - Nattai R. Borges; Peter R. Reaburn; Scott Michael; Thomas M. Doering (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)
This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of cardiovascular autonomic regulation between well-trained masters and young cyclists at rest, during and following a continuous cycle (CTS) protocol. Ten masters (age = 56 ± 5 years) and eight young (age = 26 ± 3 years) cyclists completed a 100 min experimental protocol consisting of a 60 min CTS cycling bout at 95% of Ventilatory Threshold 2 followed by 40 min of supine recovery. Beat-to-beat heart rate was measured continuously, and HRV parameters analysed at standardised 5 min intervals during rest, exercise and recovery. The root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency power and high-frequency power parameters were corrected by division of the R-R interval (time domain), or R-R interval squared (frequency domain). Further, the RMSSD and RMSSD:RR for successive 60-s R-R intervals at the onset (0–10 min) and offset (60–70 min) of CTS exercise were analysed over 10-min periods. The natural logarithm (Ln) of skewed parameters was taken for analysis. Significant interaction effects ( P < 0.05) for 5 min segments were found for (LnRMSSD, LnRMSSD:RR, LnHF and LnHF:RR 2 . Masters cyclists demonstrated lower values of parasympathetic activity at rest and during recovery (15–20 min and 35–40 min) compared to younger cyclists. However, similar HRV responses were observed during exercise, including throughout the acute onset and offset periods ( P > 0.05). This data shows that cardiac autonomic regulation during, or immediately following CTS exercise may not be influenced by age, but masters athletes may exhibit a lower baseline for parasympathetic activity.

SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Benjamin R. Goldstein; Christopher Pate; Paula Castiblanco; Maggie E. Abell; Jessie Adley; Briana Agenbroad; Adam A. Ahlers; Peter D. Alexander; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.

Recovery and Degradation Drive Changes in the Dispersal Capacity of Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities - Carlos Cano‐Barbacil; James S. Sinclair; Ellen A. R. Welti; Peter Haase (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Freshwater ecosystems face significant threats, including pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. To address these challenges, management strategies and restoration efforts have been broadly implemented. Across Europe, such efforts have resulted in overall improvements in freshwater biodiversity, but recovery has stalled or failed to occur in many localities, which may be partly caused by the limited dispersal capacity of many species. Here, we used a comprehensive dataset comprising 1327 time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities ranging from 1968 to 2021 across 23 European countries to investigate whether dispersal capacity changes with the ecological quality of riverine systems. Sites experiencing improvements in ecological quality exhibited a net gain in species and tended to have macroinvertebrate communities containing species with stronger dispersal capacity (e.g., active aquatic and aerial dispersers, species with frequent propensity to drift, and insects with larger wings). In contrast, sites experiencing degradation of ecological quality exhibited a net loss of species and a reduction in the proportion of strong dispersers. However, this response varied extensively among countries and local sites, with some improving sites exhibiting no parallel gains in macroinvertebrates with higher dispersal capacity. Dispersal capacity of the local species pool can affect the success of freshwater ecosystem restoration projects. Management strategies should focus on enhancing landscape connectivity to create accessible “source” areas and refugia for sensitive taxa, especially as climate change reshapes habitat suitability. Additionally, biodiversity initiatives must incorporate adaptive decision‐making approaches that account for the site‐specific responses of macroinvertebrate communities to changes in ecological quality.

The biodiversity of ice‐free Antarctica database - Aleks Terauds; Jasmine R. Lee; Hannah S. Wauchope; Ben Raymond; Dana M. Bergstrom; Peter Convey; Claire Mason; Charlotte R. Patterson; Sharon A. Robinson; Anton Van de Putte; David Watts; Steven L. Chown (Ecology, 2025)
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide‐ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice‐free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity–related studies. Fundamental and applied research on biodiversity patterns, ecological structure and function, and options for conservation are reliant on spatially resolved, taxonomically consistent observations. Such information is especially important for modern, data‐driven biodiversity science, in both Antarctica and globally, and forms the backbone of biodiversity informatics, reflected, for example, in the Darwin Core Standard used by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Biodiversity data are also essential to fulfill the conservation requirements for Antarctica, as set out in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and inform the design of systematic surveys to address biodiversity and ecological knowledge gaps, for both specific taxa and ecosystems. Such surveys are key requirements for understanding and mitigating the impacts of environmental change on the region's biodiversity. Here, we address these requirements through the public release of The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database. In 2008, we extracted a subset of biodiversity records only from terrestrial ice‐free areas from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Biodiversity Database. We have subsequently added thousands of records from a range of sources: checking, and where necessary (and possible), correcting the spatial location, clarifying, cross‐referencing, and harmonizing taxonomy with globally recognized sources, and documenting the original source of records. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database spans the early 1800s to 2019 (with most records collected after 1950) and represents the most comprehensive consolidation of Antarctic ice‐free biodiversity occurrence data yet compiled into a single database. The Biodiversity of Ice‐free Antarctica Database contains 35,654 records of 1890 species in over 800 genera across six kingdoms and spans all Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. These data are released under a CC BY Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups - John F. Benson; David A. Keiter; Peter J. Mahoney; Benjamin L. Allen; Lee Allen; Francisco Álvares; Morgan L. Anderson; Shannon M. Barber‐Meyer; Adi Barocas; James C. Beasley; Linda Behrendorff; Jerrold L. Belant; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals. We tracked 574 individuals from six species within the genus Canis in 15 countries on four continents with GPS telemetry to estimate the time that pairs of individuals within social groups spent in close proximity and test hypotheses regarding drivers of cohesion. Pairs of social canids ( Canis spp.) varied widely in the proportion of time they spent together (5%–100%) during seasonal monitoring periods relative to both intrinsic characteristics and environmental conditions. The majority of our data came from three species of wolves (gray wolves, eastern wolves, and red wolves) and coyotes. For these species, cohesion within social groups was greatest between breeding pairs and varied seasonally as the nature of cooperative activities changed relative to annual life history patterns. Across species, wolves were more cohesive than coyotes. For wolves, pairs were less cohesive in larger groups, and when suitable, small prey was present reflecting the constraints of food resources and intragroup competition on social associations. Pair cohesion in wolves declined with increased anthropogenic modification of the landscape and greater climatic variability, underscoring challenges for conserving social top predators in a changing world. We show that pairwise cohesion in social groups varies strongly both within and across Canis species, as individuals respond to changing ecological context defined by resources, competition, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our work highlights that cohesion is a highly plastic component of animal sociality that holds significant promise for elucidating ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperative behavior.

The first hermit crab-associated sponge from South Africa , Suberites ambulodomus sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida, Suberitidae), and its relationship with the hermit crab Pagurus liochele - Robyn P. Payne; Benedicta Ngwakum; Peter R. Teske; Jannes Landschoff; Toufiek Samaai (Systematics and Biodiversity, 2024)

Assessing the effect of multispecies interactions on precautionary reference points using an ensemble modelling approach: A North Sea case study - Michael A. Spence; James A. Martindale; Khatija Alliji; Hayley J. Bannister; Robert B. Thorpe; Nicola D. Walker; Peter J. Mitchell; Matthew R. Kerr; Paul J. Dolder (Fisheries Research, 2024)

Within-cavity nest preferences: honey bees favour the entrance rather than the ceiling when initiating their nest - Peter R. Marting; Claire S. Bailey; Michael L. Smith (Animal Behaviour, 2024)

Dissolved oxygen criteria attainment in Chesapeake Bay: Where has it improved since 1985? - Qian Zhang; Rebecca R. Murphy; Richard Tian; Kaylyn S. Gootman; Peter J. Tango (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

PFAS, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs and extractable organic fluorine in bio-based fertilizers, amended soils and plants: Exposure assessment and temporal trends - Nicolas Estoppey; Emma R. Knight; Ian J. Allan; Kuria Ndungu; Gøril Aasen Slinde; Jan Thomas Rundberget; Kari Ylivainio; Alicia Hernandez-Mora; Erlend Sørmo; Hans Peter H. Arp; Gerard Cornelissen (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands - Erika L. Koontz; Sarah M. Parker; Alice E. Stearns; Brian J. Roberts; Caitlin M. Young; Lisamarie Windham-Myers; Patricia Y. Oikawa; J. Patrick Megonigal; Genevieve L. Noyce; Edward J. Buskey; R. Kyle Derby; Robert P. Dunn; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

The impact of biochar's physicochemical properties on sorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) - Karen Ane Skjennum; Katinka M. Krahn; Erlend Sørmo; Raoul Wolf; Aleksandar I. Goranov; Patrick G. Hatcher; Thomas Hartnik; Hans Peter H. Arp; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Yaxin Zhang; Gerard Cornelissen (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Stimulating Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 in iron-rich, acidic sediments from AFFF-impacted sites for PFAS defluorination - Shan Huang; Chiara Smorada; Charles E. Schaefer; Peter R. Jaffé (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Deployment-invariant probability of detection characterization for aerial LiDAR methane detection - Michael J. Thorpe; Aaron Kreitinger; Dominic T. Altamura; Cameron D. Dudiak; Bradley M. Conrad; David R. Tyner; Matthew R. Johnson; Jason K. Brasseur; Peter A. Roos; William M. Kunkel; Asa Carre-Burritt; Jerry Abate; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Target organ toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats following oral exposure to complex groundwater mixture: Assessment of dose-response relationships using histopathological and biochemical alterations - B. Boamah; S. Siciliano; N. Hogan; M. Hecker; M. Hanson; P. Campbell; R. Peters; A.N. Al-Dissi; L.P. Weber (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

Potential of flavesone as a grain protectant: Long-term efficacy and residues for controlling the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in stored wheat - Gregory J. Daglish; Rajeswaran Jagadeesan; Philip R. Burrill; Peter D. May; Alexander J. Wade; Manoj K. Nayak (Journal of Stored Products Research, 2024)

Defluorination of various perfluoro alkyl acids and selected PFOA and PFOS monomers by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 enrichment cultures - Shan Huang; Giovanni Pilloni; Trent A. Key; Peter R. Jaffé (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Micronization of wholewheat flour increases iron bioavailability from hydrothermally processed wheat flour dough - Mohamad F. Aslam; Sarah M. Arafsha; Sarah E. Berry; Balazs Bajka; Peter R. Ellis; Gladys O. Latunde-Dada; Paul A. Sharp (Food Research International, 2024)

Additional measures needed to ensure clove industry does not contribute to tree cover loss in Madagascar - Herizo T. Andrianandrasana; Marco Campera; Fabiola F. Viraina; Peter R. Long; Nikoleta Jones (Forest Policy and Economics, 2024)

Metals leached from aluminium foil into Clarias gariepinus muscles roasted at high temperatures: Potential contamination and controlling factors - Akaninyene Joseph; Nwuyi Sam-Uket; Uwem Edet; Edet Asanga; Eldon R. Rene; Ningyuan Zhu; Peter Ene; Ochuko Eriegha; Gbemi Abass; Nyamsi Serge (Food Bioscience, 2024)

Applying trace element geochemistry of archaeological bone to study the coevolution of environmental change and human health in the Roman Empire - Sean R. Scott; Martin M. Shafer; Joel T. Overdier; Maria E. Teschler-Nicola; Peter C. Ramsl; Barry Cunliffe; Philip M. Farrell (Environmental Research, 2024)

Neighborhood greenness and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life among prostate cancer survivors in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study - Naiyu Chen; Cindy R. Hu; Hari S. Iyer; Peter James; Barbra A. Dickerman; Lorelei A. Mucci; Rachel C. Nethery (Environmental Research, 2024)

Fuel fumes and foliage: The fate of speciated gasoline VOCs during phytoremediation and their impact on the bacterial phenotype - Stephen Matheson; Robert Fleck; Thomas Lockwood; Raissa L. Gill; Luowen Lyu; Peter J. Irga; Fraser R. Torpy (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Dynamics in bush cover, local uses of encroaching woody plants and their preferences by foraging livestock in semi-arid rangeland in northern Tanzania - David D. Maleko; Ombeni J. Msangi; Jonas D. Mayani; Peter R. Ruvuga; Ephraim J. Mtengeti (Environmental Development, 2024)

Autophobic polydimethylsiloxane nanodroplets enable abrasion-tolerant omniphobic surfaces - Behrooz Khatir; Peter Serles; Tao Wen; Thu V. Vuong; Ali Shayesteh; Samuel Au; David Sinton; Emma R. Master; Tobin Filleter; Kevin Golovin (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Analysis of urban wind conditions and wildfire smoke dispersion for downtown Montréal using computational fluid dynamics - Quinn Dyer-Hawes; Djordje Romanic; Yi Huang; John R. Gyakum; Peter Douglas (Building and Environment, 2024)

Horticultural additives influence peat biogeochemistry and increase short-term CO2 production from peat - Bidhya Sharma; Tim R. Moore; Klaus-Holger Knorr; Henning Teickner; Peter M. J. Douglas; Nigel T. Roulet (Plant and Soil, 2024)
Aims Peat is used as a major ingredient of growing media in horticulture. Peat extracted from bogs can be acidic and low in nutrient availability and is therefore mixed with liming agents, nutrients, surfactants, perlite and so on. This study aims to estimate the rates at which raw peat and the modified peat (‘growing media’) decompose to release carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to estimate the release of carbon (C) from liming agents and to estimate how peat biogeochemistry is changed. Methods We obtained 28 and 24 samples of raw peat and 24 growing media from four peat extraction companies in Canada. Growing media were treated with horticultural additives. We incubated the samples under laboratory conditions, measuring CO 2 production, tracer using $${\updelta }^{13}{\text{C}}$$ δ 13 C - $${{\text{CO}}}_{2}$$ CO 2 , pH, C, nitrogen (N) content and humification indices (HIs) from infrared technology called Fourier transform-mid infrared (FT-MIR). Results C:N ratio, pH, dissolved organic carbon, bulk density and C content differed significantly ( P < 0.05) between raw peats and growing media. There was more than a doubling of total $${{\text{CO}}}_{2}$$ CO 2 production from growing media compared to raw peat. HIs show higher values for the growing media, which could result from spectral band shifts in the growing media because of increased cation availability. $${\updelta }^{13}{\text{C}}$$ δ 13 C - $${{\text{CO}}}_{2}$$ CO 2 as a tracer showed an average 22% of the total $${{\text{CO}}}_{2}$$ CO 2 production orginated from added carbonate materials. Conclusion Our results provide the rates (0.15 ± 0.017mgCO 2 -Cg −1 d −1 ) at which horticultural peat decomposes and on the source of emitted $${{\text{CO}}}_{2}$$ CO 2 . This will improve current estimates CO 2 emissions from horticultural peat.

Evolution of phosphate metabolism in Tibetan wild barley to adapt to aluminum stress - Shengguan Cai; Yuqing Huang; Yang Liu; Liyuan Wu; Dezhi Wu; Rong Liu; Peter R. Ryan; Meixue Zhou; Guoping Zhang; Zhong-Hua Chen (Plant and Soil, 2024)

EYA-1 is required for genomic integrity independent of H2AX signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans - Hannah R. Tatnell; Stevan Novakovic; Peter R. Boag; Gregory M. Davis (Molecular Biology Reports, 2024)
Background Resolving genomic insults is essential for the survival of any species. In the case of eukaryotes, several pathways comprise the DNA damage repair network, and many components have high evolutionary conservation. These pathways ensure that DNA damage is resolved which prevents disease associated mutations from occurring in a de novo manner. In this study, we investigated the role of the Eyes Absent (EYA) homologue in Caenorhabditis elegans and its role in DNA damage repair. Current understanding of mammalian EYA1 suggests that EYA1 is recruited in response to H2AX signalling to dsDNA breaks. C. elegans do not possess a H2AX homologue, although they do possess homologues of the core DNA damage repair proteins. Due to this, we aimed to determine if eya-1 contributes to DNA damage repair independent of H2AX. Methods and results We used a putative null mutant for eya-1 in C. elegans and observed that absence of eya-1 results in abnormal chromosome morphology in anaphase embryos, including chromosomal bridges, missegregated chromosomes, and embryos with abnormal nuclei. Additionally, inducing different types of genomic insults, we show that eya-1 mutants are highly sensitive to induction of DNA damage, yet show little change to induced DNA replication stress and display a mortal germline resulting in sterility over successive generations. Conclusions Collectively, this study suggests that the EYA family of proteins may have a greater involvement in maintaining genomic integrity than previously thought and unveils novel roles of EYA associated DNA damage repair.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Octopus vulgaris - Gareth N. Fee; Alvaro Roura; Arsalan Emami-Khoyi; Peter R. Teske (Molecular Biology Reports, 2024)
Background The Octopus vulgaris species complex consists of numerous morphologically similar but genetically distinct species. The current publicly available mitogenome of this species has been generated from a specimen collected from Tsukiji Fish Market, Tokyo, Japan. Octopus from the northwestern Pacific Ocean are now considered to be a separate species, Octopus sinensis . For this reason, we hypothesised that the current record of O. vulgaris was sequenced from a specimen of O. sinensis . Here, we sequenced the first complete mitogenome of a specimen of Octopus vulgaris sensu stricto that was collected from the species’ confirmed distribution areas in northeastern Atlantic. Methods and results The complete mitogenome was assembled de novo and annotated using 250 bp paired-end sequences. A single circular contig 15,655 bp in length with a mean read coverage of 1089 reads was reconstructed. The annotation pipeline identified 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA) and two ribosomal RNAs. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree recovered the assembled mitogenome as the sister taxon of a monophyletic group comprising O. sinensis and the previously published mitogenome of “ O. vulgaris ” from Japan. This confirms that the latter was a Japanese specimen of O. sinensis . Conclusion The mitogenome sequenced here is the first to be published for Octopus vulgaris sensu stricto. It represents an important first step in genetics-informed research on the evolution, conservation, and management of this commercially important species.

Carl Flügge, one of the last holistic hygienists and discoverer of droplet transmission of infectious diseases - Peter R. Donald; Stefan H.E. Kaufmann; Dagmar Schaub; Stephanie Thee; Christoph Lange (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2024)
Carl Flügge is best known for the promotion of studies demonstrating the transmission of all manner of infections, but particularly tuberculosis, by coughed droplets. But it is seldom recognised that Flügge was also influential in a number of other fields comprising the practice of hygiene. One-hundred years following his death in 1923, we review literature related to the studies of Flügge and his colleagues and students and illustrate the particular emphasis he laid upon the environment within which disease and its transmission might be fostered or prevented, embracing and studying aspects essential to the health of any community ranging from fundamental microbiology in the laboratory to subjects as disparate as housing, clean water supply, nutrition, sanitation, socio-economic circumstances and climate. Very early in his career he promoted breast feeding for the prevention of seasonal gastro-enteritis and later the sheltering of cough as a means of preventing the transmission of infected respiratory droplets, not only as regards tuberculosis, but also concerning all manner of other respiratory infections. By the time of Flügge’s death the complexification of available scientific methodologies comprising hygiene made it difficult for any individual to comprehend and study the wide range of hygiene-related subjects such as Flügge did. Carl Flügge was one of the last holistic hygienists and an originator of the study of environmental health as a pillar of hygiene.

Salps in the NW Atlantic Slope Water: metabarcoding and compound-specific stable isotope analysis of diet diversity and trophic interactions - Paola G. Batta-Lona; Kayla Gardner; Jennifer M. Questel; Simon R. Thorrold; Joel K. Llopiz; Peter H. Wiebe; Ann Bucklin (Marine Biology, 2024)

Germline copy number variants and endometrial cancer risk - Cassie E. Stylianou; George A. R. Wiggins; Vanessa L. Lau; Joe Dennis; Andrew N. Shelling; Michelle Wilson; Peter Sykes; Frederic Amant; Daniela Annibali; Wout De Wispelaere; Douglas F. Easton; Peter A. Fasching; et al. (Human Genetics, 2024)
Known risk loci for endometrial cancer explain approximately one third of familial endometrial cancer. However, the association of germline copy number variants (CNVs) with endometrial cancer risk remains relatively unknown. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of rare CNVs overlapping gene regions in 4115 endometrial cancer cases and 17,818 controls to identify functionally relevant variants associated with disease. We identified a 1.22-fold greater number of CNVs in DNA samples from cases compared to DNA samples from controls ( p = 4.4 × 10 –63 ). Under three models of putative CNV impact (deletion, duplication, and loss of function), genome-wide association studies identified 141 candidate gene loci associated ( p < 0.01) with endometrial cancer risk. Pathway analysis of the candidate loci revealed an enrichment of genes involved in the 16p11.2 proximal deletion syndrome, driven by a large recurrent deletion (chr16:29,595,483-30,159,693) identified in 0.15% of endometrial cancer cases and 0.02% of control participants. Together, these data provide evidence that rare copy number variants have a role in endometrial cancer susceptibility and that the proximal 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 region contains 25 candidate risk gene(s) that warrant further analysis to better understand their role in human disease.

The Impact of CO, C3H6, and SO2 on Cu-CHA and V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalysts for NH3-SCR for Close-Coupled Operation - Brian B. Hansen; Peter S. Hammershøi; Freja H. Fagerberg; Simon I. Hansen; Xenia B. Sjøgren; Peter N. R. Vennestrøm; Anker D. Jensen; Ton V. W. Janssens (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2024)

Correction: DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential - Sean Hoban; Ivan Paz-Vinas; Robyn E. Shaw; Luis Castillo-Reina; Jessica M. da Silva; J. Andrew Dewoody; Robert Ekblom; Ancuta Fedorca; Brenna R. Forester; W. Chris Funk; Julia C. Geue; Myriam Heuertz; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2024)

DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential - Sean Hoban; Ivan Paz-Vinas; Robyn E. Shaw; Luis Castillo-Reina; Jessica M. da Silva; J. Andrew DeWoody; Robert Ekblom; Ancuta Fedorca; Brenna R. Forester; W. Chris Funk; Julia C. Geue; Myriam Heuertz; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2024)
Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such “genetic diversity indicators” enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens to thousands of species. Empirical genetic studies, when available, provide detailed information that is important for management, such as estimates of gene flow, inbreeding, genetic erosion and adaptation. In this article, we argue that the development and advancement of genetic diversity indicators is a complementary approach to genetic studies in conservation biology, but not a substitute. Genetic diversity indicators and empirical genetic data can provide different information for conserving genetic diversity. Genetic diversity indicators enable affordable tracking, reporting, prioritization and communication, although, being proxies, do not provide comprehensive evaluation of the genetic status of a species. Conversely, genetic methods offer detailed analysis of the genetic status of a given species or population, although they remain challenging to implement for most species globally, given current capacity and resourcing. We conclude that indicators and genetic studies are both important for genetic conservation actions and recommend they be used in combination for conserving and monitoring genetic diversity.

Towards practical artificial intelligence in Earth sciences - Ziheng Sun; Talya ten Brink; Wendy Carande; Gerbrand Koren; Nicoleta Cristea; Corin Jorgenson; Bhargavi Janga; Gokul Prathin Asamani; Sanjana Achan; Mike Mahoney; Qian Huang; Armin Mehrabian; et al. (Computational Geosciences, 2024)
Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects are common and desired by many institutions and research teams, there are still relatively few success stories of AI in practical use for the Earth science community. Many AI practitioners in Earth science are trapped in the prototyping stage and their results have not yet been adopted by users. Many scientists are still hesitating to use AI in their research routine. This paper aims to capture the landscape of AI-powered geospatial data sciences by discussing the current and upcoming needs of the Earth and environmental community, such as what practical AI should look like, how to realize practical AI based on the current technical and data restrictions, and the expected outcome of AI projects and their long-term benefits and problems. This paper also discusses unavoidable changes in the near future concerning AI, such as the fast evolution of AI foundation models and AI laws, and how the Earth and environmental community should adapt to these changes. This paper provides an important reference to the geospatial data science community to adjust their research road maps, find best practices, boost the FAIRness (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) aspects of AI research, and reasonably allocate human and computational resources to increase the practicality and efficiency of Earth AI research.

Advancing an integrated understanding of land–ocean connections in shaping the marine ecosystems of coastal temperate rainforest ecoregions - Brian P. V. Hunt; Simone Alin; Allison Bidlack; Heida L. Diefenderfer; Jennifer M. Jackson; Colleen T. E. Kellogg; Peter Kiffney; Kyra A. St. Pierre; Eddy Carmack; William C. Floyd; Eran Hood; Alexander R. Horner‐Devine; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Land and ocean ecosystems are strongly connected and mutually interactive. As climate changes and other anthropogenic stressors intensify, the complex pathways that link these systems will strengthen or weaken in ways that are currently beyond reliable prediction. In this review we offer a framework of land–ocean couplings and their role in shaping marine ecosystems in coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) ecoregions, where high freshwater and materials flux result in particularly strong land–ocean connections. Using the largest contiguous expanse of CTR on Earth—the Northeast Pacific CTR (NPCTR)—as a case study, we integrate current understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of interacting processes across the land–ocean continuum, and examine how these processes structure and are defining features of marine ecosystems from nearshore to offshore domains. We look ahead to the potential effects of climate and other anthropogenic changes on the coupled land–ocean meta‐ecosystem. Finally, we review key data gaps and provide research recommendations for an integrated, transdisciplinary approach with the intent to guide future evaluations of and management recommendations for ongoing impacts to marine ecosystems of the NPCTR and other CTRs globally. In the light of extreme events including heatwaves, fire, and flooding, which are occurring almost annually, this integrative agenda is not only necessary but urgent.

Ecological but Not Biological Traits of European Riverine Invertebrates Respond Consistently to Anthropogenic Impacts - James S. Sinclair; Rachel Stubbington; Ralf B. Schäfer; Libuše Barešová; Núria Bonada; Zoltán Csabai; J. Iwan Jones; Aitor Larrañaga; John F. Murphy; Petr Pařil; Marek Polášek; Jes J. Rasmussen; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim To determine which riverine invertebrate traits respond consistently to anthropogenic impacts across multiple biogeographic regions. Location Europe. Time Period 1981–2021. Major Taxa Studied Riverine invertebrates. Methods We compiled a database of riverine invertebrate community time series for 673 sites across six European countries spanning six freshwater ecoregions. We compared trait responses to anthropogenic impacts (quantified as changes in ‘ecological quality’) among regions for seven ‘ecological’ traits, which reflect habitat preferences, and nine ‘biological’ traits (e.g., morphology or life history), which represent taxon‐specific attributes that can influence ecosystem processes. Results Four ecological traits (current, microhabitat, salinity and trophic preferences) and one biological trait (dispersal mode) responded consistently across regions. These responses were primarily driven by spatial differences among poorer to better quality sites. Responses to temporal changes in quality were comparable but less pronounced. Main Conclusions Consistent responses to anthropogenic impacts across multiple ecological traits indicate these traits may improve broader scale measurements, comparisons and predictions of community responses. However, we could not use ecological traits to identify the actions of specific stressors because multiple traits always responded as a group. Inconsistent responses across almost all biological traits indicated that these traits may be less predictive of impacts across regions. Predictions of how biological traits, and associated ecosystem processes, respond to anthropogenic impacts may be most effective at regional scales where responses are more consistent.

FreshLanDiv : A Global Database of Freshwater Biodiversity Across Different Land Uses - Minghua Shen; Roel van Klink; Alban Sagouis; Danielle K. Petsch; Deborah Atieno Abong'o; Janne Alahuhta; Salman Abdo Al‐Shami; Laura Cecilia Armendáriz; Mi‐Jung Bae; Tiago Octavio Begot; Jerome Belliard; Jonathan Peter Benstead; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Motivation Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land‐use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land‐use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land‐use change and its impact on freshwater biodiversity. Main Types of Variables Contained The database includes metadata of each study, sites location, sample methods, sample time, land‐use category and abundance of each taxon. Spatial Location and Grain The database contains data from across the globe, with 85% of the sites having well‐defined geographical coordinates. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database covers all major freshwater biological groups including algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish and amphibians.

Coefficients in Taylor's law increase with the time scale of water clarity measurements in a global suite of lakes - Max R. Glines; Renata C. H. Amancio; Mikkel René Andersen; Helen Baulch; Ludmila S. Brighenti; Hannah E. Chmiel; Joel E. Cohen; Elvira de Eyto; Oxana Erina; Heidrun Feuchtmayr; Giovanna Flaim; Andrea Giudici; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Identifying the scaling rules describing ecological patterns across time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Taylor's law of fluctuation scaling, which states that the variance of a population's size or density is proportional to a positive power of the mean size or density, has been widely observed in population dynamics and characterizes variability in multiple scientific domains. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon accurately describes ecological patterns across many orders of magnitude in time, and therefore links otherwise disparate observations. Here, we use water clarity observations from 10,531 days of high‐frequency measurements in 35 globally distributed lakes, and lower‐frequency measurements over multiple decades from 6342 lakes to test this unknown. We focus on water clarity as an integrative ecological characteristic that responds to both biotic and abiotic drivers. We provide the first documentation that variations in ecological measurements across diverse sites and temporal scales exhibit variance patterns consistent with Taylor's law, and that model coefficients increase in a predictable yet non‐linear manner with decreasing observation frequency. This discovery effectively links high‐frequency sensor network observations with long‐term historical monitoring records, thereby affording new opportunities to understand and predict ecological dynamics on time scales from days to decades.

Are the postmortem concentration changes of the synthetic cannabinoid cumyl-5F-P7AICA and its N-pentanoic acid metabolite dependent on the environmental conditions? – A systematic study following pulmonary administration to pigs - Nadja Walle; Adrian A. Doerr; Benjamin Peters; Matthias W. Laschke; Michael D. Menger; Peter H. Schmidt; Markus R. Meyer; Nadine Schaefer (Toxicology Letters, 2024)

Endemic darling or global change menace? A review of the woody encroacher Leucosidea sericea on the eastern Great Escarpment of southern Africa - Onalenna Gwate; Muxe G. Dlomu†; Michele Toucher; Peter C. le Roux; Grant D. Martin; Vincent R. Clark (South African Journal of Botany, 2024)

Recent sedimentology at the grounding zone of the Kamb Ice stream, West Antarctica and implications for ice shelf extent - Theo Calkin; Gavin B. Dunbar; Cliff Atkins; Andrew Carter; Jason J. Coenen; Shaun Eaves; Catherine E. Ginnane; Nicholas R. Golledge; David M. Harwood; Huw J. Horgan; Benjamin C. Hurwitz; Christina Hulbe; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Effects of dietary nitrate, fumaric acid, and methanotrophic bacteria supplementation on rumino-intestinal nutrient metabolism and enteric gas exchange in dairy cows - Morten Maigaard; Martin R. Weisbjerg; Mette Olaf Nielsen; Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing; Peter Lund (Livestock Science, 2024)

Modulating phytoremediation: How drip irrigation system affect performance of active green wall and microbial community changes - Luowen Lyu; Stephen Matheson; Robert Fleck; Fraser R. Torpy; Peter J. Irga (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Properties of outer solar system pebbles during planetesimal formation from meteor observations - Peter Jenniskens; Paul R. Estrada; Stuart Pilorz; Peter S. Gural; Dave Samuels; Steve Rau; Timothy M.C. Abbott; Jim Albers; Scott Austin; Dan Avner; Jack W. Baggaley; Tim Beck; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Can zeolites be used in sugarcane cropping systems to help reduce nitrogen losses into the Australian Great Barrier Reef? - Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati; Stephen Leo; Graeme J. Millar; Michael J. Bell; Alice Strazzabosco; Peter R. Grace (Plant and Soil, 2024)

Introgression of early shoot vigour in wheat modifies root systems, increases competitiveness and provides options for integrated weed management - Pieter-Willem Hendriks; Saliya Gurusinghe; Paul A. Weston; Peter R. Ryan; Emmanuel Delhaize; Leslie A. Weston; Gregory J. Rebetzke (Plant and Soil, 2024)
Background and aims Weeds are a major biotic stressor impacting crop production. Improving the competitiveness of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) could provide a useful tool in integrated weed management. While wheat typically exhibits conservative early growth, early vigour has been increased through long-term recurrent selection for greater early biomass and leaf area. However, the influence of integrating such vigour into breeding lines for improving competitive ability remains to be explored. Methods In replicated controlled environment experiments, the effect of breeding early shoot vigour on root development and below-ground competitiveness was carefully examined. Physical and chemical characteristics of wheat vigour lines were assessed and compared with commercial cultivars in hydroponics and field soil experiments. Measurements included early root growth, rhizosheath size and growth responses in the presence of annual ryegrass, a major weed in wheat production. Results The vigorous lines exhibited larger leaf widths, increased cell file number, increased total root length and larger rhizosheaths compared with commercial parents. Numerous secondary metabolites with known allelopathic effects on weeds were detected in the roots and the rhizosphere, and significant allelochemical level differences observed between distilled water and soil water extract-treated plants. Although the vigour lines were significantly more competitive than the commercial cultivars against ryegrass, they produced similar levels of phytotoxic secondary metabolites. Conclusion Competition below-ground was strongly suppressive of ryegrass for the more vigorous genotypes suggesting that breeding with shoot vigour had pleiotropic effects on key root traits for below-ground wheat competitiveness.

Aquiferous system, filtration rates and hydrodynamics of the syconoid calcareous sponge Urna sp. - Josephine Goldstein; Nicklas Bisbo; Peter Funch; Nicoline D. Daugaard; Poul S. Larsen; Jonathan R. Brewer; Hans Ulrik Riisgård (Marine Biology, 2024)
The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the hydrodynamic characteristics of the relatively simple aquiferous system in specimens of a calcareous syconoid sponge, Urna sp. Data on the morphology and ultrastructure of the sponge combined with measured pumping rates were provided and used for subsequent estimates of the pressure drops of water flow through the aquiferous system. The pumping rates were estimated from microscope video-recordings as the product of osculum-cross sectional area and exhalant jet speed. Estimates are given of the sensitivity of pressure drops to dimensional changes associated with observed dynamic, contractile structures (e.g., osculum, apopyles), as well as possible artefacts introduced in the preparations for ultrastructural studies. The estimated pressure losses showed that the choanocyte pumps provide a pressure of 5.5 ± 3.9 Pa at a pumping rate of 1533 ± 1089 µm 3 s −1 per choanocyte. Such high pumping rates, comparable to those of some choanoflagellates, have not been reported for syconoid and leuconoid sponges before. However, the corresponding sponge volume-specific pumping rates (about 10–30 min −1 ) are comparable to values reported in the literature for small sponges and explants that also have relatively higher pumping rates of choanocytes than larger sponges.

MSH6-proficient crypt foci in MSH6 constitutional mismatch repair deficiency: reversion of a frameshifted coding microsatellite to its wild-type sequence - Jinru Shia; Francisco Sanchez-Vega; Stanley Cho; Jie-Fu Chen; Chin-Tung Chen; Umesh Bhanot; Nil Urganci; Canan Firat; Peter Ntiamoah; Raymond A. Isidro; Amitabh Srivastava; Martin R. Weiser; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2024)

Engaging bait retailers as part of the live bait pathway: bait retailer characteristics and aquatic invasive species prevention - Rachel K. Johnson; Hannah R. Mulligan; Cheyanne Masterson; Sarah Hayden; Logan Feuerbach; Peter Nester; Shaylee Shea; David O. Lucchesi; Benjamin J. Schall; Alison A. Coulter (Biological Invasions, 2024)
In the Great Plains region, the live bait industry relies on approved species of cultured and wild-harvested baitfish. The release of baitfish by anglers is prohibited in most locations, but angler compliance with these regulations can be low. Bait retailers can increase compliance with regulations by communicating with anglers about aquatic invasive species (AIS) risk and through their business practices. We conducted 66 telephone surveys with bait retailers in southeastern South Dakota from June to July 2023 to (1) characterize bait retailer practices that may influence AIS risk and (2) determine the extent and willingness of bait retailers to display educational materials to reduce AIS risk. Fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas ) were the most sold species (96% of respondents), and most bait came from wholesale retailers (74%). However, 24% of bait retailers also occasionally bought from local bait harvesters. Non-advertised species were observed at least once in shipments by 35% of bait retailers, but retailers only encountered species they did not intend to order in 1% of their inspections. Regular inspections for non-advertised species in baitfish shipments were conducted by 74% of retailers. Most inspections occurred at the time of receiving a baitfish shipment (36%) or daily (36%). Bait retailers were interested in displaying provided AIS educational materials (80%), including posters and pamphlets (59%), stickers (41%), bait bags (39%), and keychains/boat key floats (36%). Displaying educational materials at bait retail locations may increase angler knowledge of AIS and compliance with bait disposal regulations.

Zonal Contrasts of the Tropical Pacific Climate Predicted by a Global Constraint - Sukyoung Lee; Peter R. Bannon; Mingyu Park; Joseph P. Clark (Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2024)
The zonal gradients in sea surface temperature and convective heating across the tropical Pacific play a pivotal role in setting the weather and climate patterns globally. Under global warming, the current generation of climate models predict that the zonal gradients will decrease, but the trajectory of the observed trends is the opposite. Theories supporting either of the two projections exist, but there are many relevant processes whose net effect is unclear. In this study, a global constraint – the maximum material entropy production (maxMEP) hypothesis—is considered to help close the gap. The climate system considered here is comprised of a one-layer atmosphere and surface in six regions that represent the western tropical Pacific, eastern tropical Pacific, northern and southern midlatitudes, and northern and southern polar regions. The model conserves energy but does not explicitly include dynamics. The model input is observation-based radiative parameters. The radiative effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) loading is mimicked by prescribing increases in the longwave absorptivity $$ε$$ ϵ . The model solutions predict that zonal contrasts in surface temperature, convective heat flux, and surface pressure increase with increasing $$ε$$ ϵ . While maxMEP solutions in general cannot provide a definite answer to the problem, these model results strengthen the possibility that the trajectory of the observed trend reflects the response to increasing GHG loading in the atmosphere.

Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2024) - Peter Simmonds; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Hanna M. Oksanen; Stuart G. Siddell; Francisco Murilo Zerbini; Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini; Frank O. Aylward; Donald M. Dempsey; Bas E. Dutilh; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; María Laura García; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2024)
This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2024. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 203 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) in July 2023 at the 55th EC meeting in Jena, Germany, or in the second EC vote in November 2023. All proposals were ratified by online vote. Taxonomic additions include one new phylum ( Ambiviricota ), one new class, nine new orders, three new suborders, 51 new families, 18 new subfamilies, 820 new genera, and 3547 new species (excluding taxa that have been abolished). Proposals to complete the process of species name replacement to the binomial (genus + species epithet) format were ratified. Currently, a total of 14,690 virus species have been established.

Sexually selected differences in warbler plumage are related to a putative inversion on the Z chromosome - Peter O. Dunn; Nicholas D. Sly; Corey R. Freeman‐Gallant; Amberleigh E. Henschen; Christen M. Bossu; Kristen C. Ruegg; Piotr Minias; Linda A. Whittingham (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Large structural variants in the genome, such as inversions, may play an important role in producing population structure and local adaptation to the environment through suppression of recombination. However, relatively few studies have linked inversions to phenotypic traits that are sexually selected and may play a role in reproductive isolation. Here, we found that geographic differences in the sexually selected plumage of a warbler, the common yellowthroat ( Geothlypis trichas ), are largely due to differences in the Z (sex) chromosome (males are ZZ), which contains at least one putative inversion spanning 40% (31/77 Mb) of its length. The inversions on the Z chromosome vary dramatically east and west of the Appalachian Mountains, which provides evidence of cryptic population structure within the range of the most widespread eastern subspecies ( G. t. trichas ). In an eastern (New York) and western (Wisconsin) population of this subspecies, female prefer different male ornaments; larger black facial masks are preferred in Wisconsin and larger yellow breasts are preferred in New York. The putative inversion also contains genes related to vision, which could influence mating preferences. Thus, structural variants on the Z chromosome are associated with geographic differences in male ornaments and female choice, which may provide a mechanism for maintaining different patterns of sexual selection in spite of gene flow between populations of the same subspecies.

Genomics‐Informed Range Predictions Under Global Warming Reveal Reduced Adaptive Diversity Whilst Buffering Range Shifts for a Marine Snail - Xiao‐Nie Lin; Chao‐Yi Ma; Li‐Sha Hu; Ming‐Ling Liao; Lin‐Xuan Ma; Peter R. Teske; Ary Hoffmann; Yun‐Wei Dong (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation in thermal performance is useful for predicting species distribution shifts under anthropogenic climate change. Many species are distributed across multiple biogeographic regions, and the uniquely adapted populations in each region may respond to future ocean warming with distinct distribution changes. In the present study, we investigated phylogeographic patterns, thermal sensitivity, and genetic differentiation in the intertidal snail Littorina brevicula along China's coast. Whole‐genome sequencing results based on a newly assembled chromosome‐level genome revealed two genetic lineages, with a north–south divergence that is linked to the thermal environment. Within each lineage, individuals could be further subdivided into genetic subgroups that differ at key genomic loci underpinning differences in upper heat tolerance. Heat stress drives adaptive divergence across multiple levels of organization, from the individual to the biogeographic level. Taking into account genetic diversity associated with variation in heat tolerance, a physiological species distribution model (pSDM) was applied to predict the distributions of the different genetic subgroups in response to climate change. Both northern and southern lineages were predicted to experience declines in habitat suitability under a 4°C future warming scenario, and that a genotypic subset of snails from the southern lineage may even be driven to extinction. These findings illustrate that even when a species' range is maintained, it can nonetheless experience a significant decrease in adaptive diversity as a result of climate change. The integrated approach presented here, which considered both physiological and adaptive genetic variation at the level of individuals within a biogeographical context, provided new insights into how marine species can respond to global warming.

Complementary value of molecular, phenotypic, and functional aging biomarkers in dementia prediction - Andreas Engvig; Karl Trygve Kalleberg; Lars T. Westlye; Esten Høyland Leonardsen; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for differentiating cognitively normal controls (CN) from dementia patients in a held-out test set. When combined with clinical biomarkers (apolipoprotein E ε4 allele count, memory, executive function), a model including aBA and aFI predicted 5-year dementia risk among MCI patients with an out-of-sample AUC of 0.88. In the prognostic model, BA and FI offered complementary value (both β s 0.50). The tested MAs did not improve predictions. Results were consistent across FI algorithms, with data-driven health deficit selection yielding the best performance. FI had a stronger adverse effect on prognosis in males, while BA’s impact was greater in females. Our findings highlight the complementary value of BA and FI in dementia prediction. The results support a multidimensional view of dementia, including an intertwined relationship between the biomarkers, sex, and prognosis. The tested MA’s limited contribution suggests caution in their use for individual risk assessment of dementia.

Case Studies on the use of Microsampling for Nonclinical Studies in Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery and Development - Shefali R. Patel; Jason Barricklow; Peter Bryan; Chiara Rospo; Neil Spooner; Ming Wang; Joleen T. White; Amanda Wilson (The AAPS Journal, 2024)

Metabarcoding and morphological analysis of diets of mesopelagic fishes in the NW Atlantic Slope Water - Ann Bucklin; Paola G. Batta-Lona; Jennifer M. Questel; Helena McMonagle; Melissa Wojcicki; Joel K. Llopiz; Sarah Glancy; Paul E. Caiger; Rene Francolini; Annette Govindarajan; Simon R. Thorrold; Michael Jech; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
DNA metabarcoding and morphological taxonomic (microscopic) analysis of the gut contents was used to examine diet diversity of seven species of fishes collected from mesopelagic depths (200-1000 m) in the NW Atlantic Ocean Slope Water during Summer 2018 and 2019. Metabarcoding used two gene regions: V9 hypervariable region of nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI). V9 sequences were classified into 14 invertebrate prey groups, excluding fish due to predator swamping. Ecological network analysis was used to evaluate relative strengths of predator-prey linkages. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed consistently distinct diets of four fish species in 2018 and/or 2019: Argyropelecus aculeatus, Chauliodus sloani, Hygophum hygomii , and Sigmops elongatus . Three other species analyzed ( Malacosteus niger, Nemichthys scolopaceus , and Scopelogadus beanii ) showed more variability between sampling years. COI sequences were classified into eight invertebrate prey groups, within which prey species were detected and identified. Considering all predator species together, a total of 77 prey species were detected with a minimum of 1,000 COI sequences, including 22 copepods, 18 euphausiids, and 7 amphipods. Morphological prey counts were classified into seven taxonomic groups, including a gelatinous group comprised of soft-bodied organisms. The ocean twilight zone or is home to exceptional diversity and biomass of marine fish, which are key players in deep sea food webs. This study used integrative morphological-molecular analysis to provide new insights into trophic relationships and sources of productivity for mesopelagic fishes, including identification of key prey species, recognition of the importance of gelatinous prey, and characterization of differences in diet among fish predators in the NW Atlantic Slope Water.

Evidence of a self-serving bias in people's attributions for their food intake - Lenny R. Vartanian; Natalie M. Reily; Samantha Spanos; C. Peter Herman; Janet Polivy (Appetite, 2024)

Urban tree cover provides consistent mitigation of extreme heat in arid but not humid cities - Peter C. Ibsen; Benjamin R. Crawford; Lucila M. Corro; Kenneth J. Bagstad; Brandon E. McNellis; George D. Jenerette; Jay E. Diffendorfer (Sustainable Cities and Society, 2024)

Slaughtering processes impact microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of pig carcasses - Tara N. Gaire; Carissa Odland; Bingzhou Zhang; Ilya Slizovskiy; Blake Jorgenson; Thomas Wehri; Mariana Meneguzzi; Britta Wass; Jenna Schuld; Dan Hanson; Enrique Doster; Jacob Singer; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Combination and summary of ATLAS dark matter searches interpreted in a 2HDM with a pseudo-scalar mediator using 139 fb−1 of s = 13 TeV pp collision data - G. Aad; B. Abbott; K. Abeling; N.J. Abicht; S.H. Abidi; A. Aboulhorma; H. Abramowicz; H. Abreu; Y. Abulaiti; A.C. Abusleme Hoffman; B.S. Acharya; C. Adam Bourdarios; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2024)

Sequential investment decisions for mining projects using compound multiple volatility real options approach - Atul Chandra; Peter R. Hartley (Resources Policy, 2024)

First lunar-light mapping of nighttime dust season oceanic aerosol optical depth over North Atlantic from space - Meng Zhou; Jun Wang; Xi Chen; Yi Wang; Peter R. Colarco; Robert C. Levy; Steven D. Miller (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Rare earth elements as indicators of post-Marinoan (∼635 Ma) paleoceanographic changes from the Amazon Craton - Renan F. dos Santos; Pierre Sansjofre; Afonso C.R. Nogueira; Peter W. Crockford; Gabriel J. Uhlein; Laurane Fogret; Fábio S. Pereira; Guilherme R. Romero; Stefan V. Lalonde (Precambrian Research, 2024)

Vitifolignans, 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans from Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham - Ya Lu; Xueyan Huang; Donovon A. Adpressa; Linyun Mou; Peter R. Taylor; Benjamin R. Clark (Phytochemistry, 2024)

An atmosphere–ocean coupled model for simulating physical and biogeochemical state of north Indian Ocean: Customisation and validation - N. Sunanda; J. Kuttippurath; R. Peter; A. Chakraborty (Ocean Modelling, 2024)

Time-lapse surveys reveal patterns and processes of erosion by exceptionally powerful turbidity currents that flush submarine canyons: A case study of the Congo Canyon - Sean C. Ruffell; Peter J. Talling; Megan L. Baker; Ed L. Pope; Maarten S. Heijnen; Ricardo Silva Jacinto; Matthieu J.B. Cartigny; Stephen M. Simmons; Michael A. Clare; Catharina J. Heerema; Claire McGhee; Sophie Hage; et al. (Geomorphology, 2024)

Estimating ambient air pollutant concentrations outside and inside homes in the Subpopulations and Intermediate outcomes in COPD air pollution (SPIROMICS air) cohort - Kipruto Kirwa; Amanda J. Gassett; Coralynn Sack; Laura M. Paulin; Cheryl S. Pirozzi; R. Graham Barr; Prescott G. Woodruff; MeiLan Han; May-Lin Wilgus; Igor Barjaktarevic; Stephen Peters; Nadia N. Hansel; et al. (Environmental Research, 2024)

Earth's longest lava flows erupted from its largest igneous province: The submarine Ontong Java Plateau - Peter J. Michael; Jie Zhang; Stacy R. Trowbridge (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

Effects of water quality and ozone dosing on reaction pathways and ozonation products on the example of tramadol- and venlafaxine N-oxide - Suman Kharel; Peter R. Tentscher; Kai Bester (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Connecting the dots: Applying multispecies connectivity in marine park network planning - Katie Gates; Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo; Andrea Barceló; Andrea Bertram; Eleanor A.L. Pratt; Peter R. Teske; Luciana Möller; Luciano B. Beheregaray (Biological Conservation, 2024)

De-novo assembly of a reference genome for a critically threatened Aotearoa New Zealand tree species, Syzygium maire (Myrtaceae) - Colan G. Balkwill; Julie R. Deslippe; Paul Horton; Charles David; Chen Wu; Emily Koot; Peter Ritchie; Wayne Blissett; David Chagné (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2024)
Aotearoa New Zealand’s swamp forests have experienced significant habitat loss in fewer than two hundred years. Many of the country’s tree species are endemic with sparse to no genetic information available to underpin conservation strategies. Syzygium maire , Aotearoa’s only endemic Syzygium species, is a culturally and ecologically important component of swamp forest habitats. Unfortunately, populations of S. maire have been greatly reduced, heavily fragmented and are susceptible to the emergent pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust), posing eminent danger of a further decline of the species. We sought to develop genomic resources to inform conservation management of S. maire . To this end, we used long read, high accuracy sequencing technology to produce a highly complete reference quality genome for S. maire . The genome sequence was named ‘Ngā Hua o te Ia Whenua’ by the local Māori tribe where the tree used for genome sequencing grows. We assess whether genome-level divergence with other Myrtaceae may have followed geographic isolation of the species. We detect conservation of large scale synteny between three Syzygium species and Eucalyptus grandis , providing support for the stability of Syzygium genomes across evolutionary time. We annotate genes implicated in fungal pathogen defence, identifying several hundred putative NLR genes, including putative homologs of previously identified Austropuccinia psidii resistance genes. Finally, we evaluate the genetic relationships of individuals of a small, isolated population of trees. We find evidence of high levels of kinship and inbreeding within small and isolated S. maire populations, informing local-scale conservation strategies for the species. Our findings enable practical conservation actions and provide resources for larger scale studies of S. maire and other Syzygium species in the future.

Post-Conflict Behaviors of Wild Gelada Monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) at Guassa, Ethiopia - Triana I. Hohn; Bing Lin; Carrie M. Miller; Iris R. Foxfoot; Vivek V. Venkataraman; Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl; Nga Nguyen; Peter J. Fashing (International Journal of Primatology, 2024)

Field-based assessment of the effect of conventional and biodegradable plastic mulch film on nitrogen partitioning, soil microbial diversity, and maize biomass - Martine Graf; Lucy M. Greenfield; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Peter N. Golyshin; Richard P. Evershed; Charlotte E.M. Lloyd; Gwion B. Williams; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Applied Soil Ecology, 2024)

Does a postmortem redistribution affect the concentrations of the 7 azaindole-derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA in tissues and body fluids following pulmonary administration to pigs? - Adrian A. Doerr; Frederike Nordmeier; Nadja Walle; Matthias W. Laschke; Michael D. Menger; Markus R. Meyer; Peter H. Schmidt; Nadine Schaefer (Archives of Toxicology, 2024)
Many fatal intoxications have been reported in connection with the consumption of newer, highly potent synthetic cannabinoids. Yet, a possible postmortem redistribution (PMR) might complicate reliable interpretation of analytical results. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the PMR-potential of new synthetic cannabinoids. The pig model has already proven to be suitable for this purpose. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the PMR of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite 5F-MDMB-P7AICA-dimethylbutanoic acid (DBA). 5F-MDMB-P7AICA (200 µg/kg body weight) was administered by inhalation to anesthetized and ventilated pigs. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and stored at room temperature for 3 days. Tissue and body fluid samples were taken daily. Specimens were analyzed after solid phase extraction using a standard addition method and LC–MS/MS, blood was quantified after protein precipitation using a validated method. In perimortem samples, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was found mainly in adipose tissue, bile fluid, and duodenum contents. Small amounts of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA were found in blood, muscle, brain, liver, and lung. High concentrations of DBA were found primarily in bile fluid, duodenum contents, urine, and kidney/perirenal fat tissue. In the remaining tissues, rather low amounts could be found. In comparison to older synthetic cannabinoids, PMR of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was less pronounced. Concentrations in blood also appear to remain relatively stable at a low level postmortem. Muscle, kidney, fat, and duodenum content are suitable alternative matrices for the detection of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and DBA, if blood specimens are not available. In conclusion, concentrations of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite DBA are not relevantly affected by PMR.

Contrasting nitrogen dynamics across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight shelfbreak front: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes and nitrifier gene abundance - Yifan Zhu; Margaret R. Mulholland; Corday R. Selden; Dennis J. McGillicuddy; Josie Mottram; P. Dreux Chappell; Weifeng Gordon Zhang; Julie Granger; Katherine E. Crider; Meredith G. Meyer; Peter W. Bernhardt; Hilde Oliver; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Observations and model studies suggest that front dynamics can enhance phytoplankton productivity. This study tested whether frontal systems also increase the abundance of nitrifying microbes and nitrogen recycling during repeat sampling transects across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight shelfbreak in July 2019. We measured ammonium concentrations, nitrate dual isotopes (δ 15 N, δ 18 O), and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A ( amoA ) genes of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). In subsurface shelf waters, ammonium concentrations exceeded 2 μ mol L −1 , due to a temporary imbalance in regeneration from sinking particles and subsequent nitrification. The inverse correlation between nitrate δ 15 N values and ammonium concentrations confirmed nitrate was partially or entirely from local nitrification on the shelf. In contrast, the shelfbreak frontal zone and slope sea subsurface waters had much lower ammonium concentrations (0.1–0.2 μ mol L −1 ) due to tight coupling between ammonium regeneration and nitrification. The deviation of nitrate δ 15 N and δ 18 O from algal uptake‐driven 1 : 1 ratio suggests concurrent nitrification in the euphotic zone. The shelfbreak front acted as an ecological boundary where AOA and AOB amoA gene numbers were partitioned, with AOAs abounding in slope waters and AOBs in shelf waters, likely due to ammonium availability. At certain slope stations, deep‐water nutrient inputs via isopycnal lifting induced by Gulf Stream intrusions caused unexpectedly high phytoplankton biomass, which doubled nitrifier abundance and potentially stimulated both ammonium regeneration and nitrification. These findings demonstrate distinct distributions of nitrifying microbes along the salinity gradient from shelf to slope and highlight the significant influence of coastal ocean‐western boundary current interactions on nitrogen biogeochemistry.

Lactococcus lactis MA5 is a potential autochthonous probiotic for nutrient digestibility enhancement and bacterial pathogen inhibition in hybrid catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus ) - Jing Huang; Heather R. Jordan; Caitlin E. Older; Matt J. Griffin; Peter J. Allen; David J. Wise; Penelope M. Goodman; J. Grant Reifers; Fernando Y. Yamamoto (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2024)
With the emergence of diseases, the U.S. catfish industry is under challenge. Current trends prefer autochthonous bacteria as potential probiotic candidates owing to their adaptability and capacity to effectively colonize the host's intestine, which can enhance production performance and bolster disease resistance. The objective of this study was to isolate an autochthonous bacterium as probiotic for hybrid catfish. Initially, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota of hybrid catfish reared in earthen ponds was conducted for subsequent probiotic development. Twenty lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the digesta of overperforming catfish, and most of the candidates demonstrated probiotic traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic abilities; antagonistic inhibition of catfish enteric bacterial pathogens, negative haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Subsequent to this screening process, an isolate of Lactococcus lactis (MA5) was deemed the most promising probiotic candidate. In silico analyses were conducted, and several potential probiotic functions were predicted, including essential amino acids and vitamin synthesis. Moreover, genes for three bacteriocins, lactococcin A, enterolysin A and sactipeptide BmbF, were identified. Lastly, various protectant media for lyophilization of MA5 were assessed. These findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MA5 can be an autochthonous probiotic from hybrid catfish, holding promise to be further tested in feeding trials.

Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats - Iris Hordijk; Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy; Thomas Lauber; Devin Routh; Lourens Poorter; Malin C. Rivers; Hans ter Steege; Jingjing Liang; Peter B. Reich; Sergio de‐Miguel; Gert‐Jan Nabuurs; Javier G. P. Gamarra; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large‐scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation practices.

No general support for functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities - Lucrecia Lipoma; Stephan Kambach; Sandra Díaz; Francesco María Sabatini; Gabriella Damasceno; Jens Kattge; Christian Wirth; Scott R. Abella; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Travis R. Belote; Markus Bernhardt‐Römermann; Dylan Craven; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Understanding the mechanisms promoting resilience in plant communities is crucial in times of increasing disturbance and global environmental change. Here, we present the first meta‐analysis evaluating the relationship between functional diversity and resilience of plant communities. Specifically, we tested whether the resilience of plant communities is positively correlated with interspecific trait variation (following the niche complementarity hypothesis) and the dominance of acquisitive and small‐size species (following the mass ratio hypothesis), and for the context‐dependent effects of ecological and methodological differences across studies. Location Global. Time Period 2004–2021. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods We compiled a dataset of 69 independent sites from 26 studies that have quantified resilience. For each site, we calculated functional diversity indices based on the floristic composition and functional traits of the plant community (obtained from the TRY database) which we correlated with resilience of biomass and floristic composition. After transforming correlation coefficients to Fisher's Z ‐scores, we conducted a hierarchical meta‐analysis, using a multilevel random‐effects model that accounted for the non‐independence of multiple effect sizes and the effects of ecological and methodological moderators. Results In general, we found no positive functional diversity–resilience relationships of grand mean effect sizes. In contrast to our expectations, we encountered a negative relationship between resilience and trait variety, especially in woody ecosystems, whereas there was a positive relationship between resilience and the dominance of acquisitive species in herbaceous ecosystems. Finally, the functional diversity–resilience relationships were strongly affected by both ecological (biome and disturbance properties) and methodological (temporal scale, study design and resilience metric) characteristics. Main Conclusions We rejected our hypothesis of a general positive functional diversity–resilience relationship. In addition to strong context dependency, we propose that idiosyncratic effects of single resident species present in the communities before the disturbances and biological legacies could play major roles in the resilience of terrestrial plant communities.

Local molecular and connectomic contributions of tau-related neurodegeneration - Fardin Nabizadeh; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; Robert C. Green; Andrew J. Saykin; John Morris; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Improving impact assessments to reduce impacts of deep-sea fisheries on vulnerable marine ecosystems - Laura Kaikkonen; Teresa Amaro; Peter J. Auster; David M. Bailey; James B. Bell; Angelika Brandt; Malcolm R. Clark; Jeffrey C. Drazen; Cherisse Du Preez; Elva Escobar-Briones; Eva Giacomello; Matthew Gianni; et al. (Marine Policy, 2024)

The geomechanical response of the Gulf of Mexico Green Canyon 955 reservoir to gas hydrate dissociation: A model based on sediment properties with and without gas hydrate - Athma R. Bhandari; Alejandro Cardona; Peter B. Flemings; John T. Germaine (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2024)

Elevation and age of a raised beach in the upper Gulf of Thailand, as evidence for regional sea level during the Late Holocene - James P. Terry; James Goff; Kruawun Jankaew; Kasidis Lhosupasirirat; Tanghua Li; Jeffrey Oalmann; Grahame J.H. Oliver; Peter R. Parham (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2024)

Reconciling species conservation and ecosystem resilience: Northern spotted owl habitat sustainability in a fire-dependent forest landscape - Joshua S. Halofsky; Daniel C. Donato; Peter H. Singleton; Derek J. Churchill; Garrett W. Meigs; William L. Gaines; Jonathan T. Kane; Van R. Kane; Danielle Munzing; Paul F. Hessburg (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Enhancing climate resilience in northern Ghana: A stochastic dominance analysis of risk-efficient climate-smart technologies for smallholder farmers - David Ahiamadia; Thiagarajah Ramilan; Peter R. Tozer (Environmental Development, 2024)

Hierarchically porous electrospun carbon nanofiber for high-rate capacitive deionization electrodes - John B. Waugh; Siddharth Komini Babu; Qinjun Kang; Nicole K. Moehring; Angelica Benavidez; Xiaojing Wang; Piran R. Kidambi; Peter N. Pintauro; Jacob S. Spendelow (Desalination, 2024)

Whole-body Ndufs4 knockout mice with isolated complex I deficiency engage a futile adaptive brain response - Melissa A.E. van de Wal; Cenna Doornbos; Janne Bibbe; Judith R. Homberg; Clara van Karnebeek; Martijn Huijnen; Jaap Keijer; Evert M. van Schothorst; Peter A.C. 't Hoen; Mirian C.H. Janssen; Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans; Mariusz R. Wieckowski; et al. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2024)

Sub-grid Variability and its Impact on Exposure in Regional Scale Air Quality and Integrated Assessment Models: Application of the uEMEP Downscaling Model - Bruce R. Denby; Gregor Kiesewetter; Agnes Nyiri; Zbigniew Klimont; Hilde Fagerli; Eivind G. Wærsted; Peter Wind (Atmospheric Environment, 2024)

Systematic map of recent evidence on reproductive performance of cattle in Africa - Fiona K. Allan; Isla S. MacVicar; Andrew R. Peters; Christian Schnier (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2024)
Good cattle reproductive performance is essential for livestock productivity. Farmers are highly dependent on the success of productive outputs to support their livelihoods. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), however, optimal reproduction of cows and bulls is comparatively less well defined, with information on key reproductive parameters and reproductive management often not available. The aim of this study was to collate and synthesise the recent published evidence on cattle reproductive performance in selected sub-Saharan countries. Systematic mapping methodology was used, with searches conducted for both cow and bull reproductive performance in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, for the period 2012–2022, in English language. Search returns were screened for relevance at title and abstract, and full-text levels, based on the research question criteria. A substantial number of studies were identified for cows ( n = 133), but only very few for bulls ( n = 11). A large proportion of reported studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, with relatively few from the other countries, and most studies published between 2014 and 2016, and in 2021. Certain reproductive parameters received more attention than others; calving interval was reported in 86 studies, while culling due to infertility was reported in eight studies. The study highlights where research is being conducted in this area, and importantly where there is a gap, in particular on bull reproductive performance. While there were a range of values reported for cow reproductive parameters, the values were reasonable, indicating that it is possible to have good reproductive performance in LMICs. The synthesis of studies in the map should help to inform farmers and their advisors, at farm and national levels.

The mark of success: The role of vaccine-induced skin scar formation for BCG and smallpox vaccine-associated clinical benefits - Ole Bæk; Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer; Anita Campbell; Nelly Amenyogbe; James Campbell; Peter Aaby; Christine Stabell Benn; Tobias R. Kollmann (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2024)
Skin scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or smallpox ( Vaccinia ) vaccination is an established marker of successful vaccination and ‘vaccine take’. Potent pathogen-specific (tuberculosis; smallpox) and pathogen-agnostic (protection from diseases unrelated to the intentionally targeted pathogen) effects of BCG and smallpox vaccines hold significant translational potential. Yet despite their use for centuries, how scar formation occurs and how local skin-based events relate to systemic effects that allow these two vaccines to deliver powerful health promoting effects has not yet been determined. We review here what is known about the events occurring in the skin and place this knowledge in the context of the overall impact of these two vaccines on human health with a particular focus on maternal-child health.

Downscaling occupational employment data from the state to the Census tract level - Sicheng Wang; Shubham Agrawal; Elizabeth A. Mack; Nidhi Kalani; Shelia R. Cotten; Chu-Hsiang Chang; Peter T. Savolainen (Applied Geography, 2024)

A morphogenetic characterisation of a potentially dominant African marine species in Europe - Marc Rius; Xavier Turon; Paloma Morán; Jacinto Pérez; Bruno Almón; Govan Pahad; Peter R. Teske; Elsa Vázquez (Biological Invasions, 2024)
Studying the early stages of the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is crucial as it allows immediate management actions aimed at preventing NIS spread at a time when these actions are more likely to be effective. Recent species introductions present unique opportunities to study key aspects of the invasion process. However, comprehensive information on how and when NIS are first introduced remains rare. We assessed the characteristics of the introduction of a member of the widespread Pyura stolonifera species group (Chordata, Tunicata) in Europe. These ascidians are important bioengineer species that can attain amongst the highest benthic biomass per surface area ever reported. We collected introduced individuals on the coast of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, an area with high shipping traffic and one of the world’s most important mussel farming regions. The specimens were analysed using taxonomic and genetic tools. Both field surveys and taxonomic analysis showed that one of the African members of the species group, Pyura herdmani , has recently been introduced to Europe and, although it does not yet form the large aggregates found in the native range, it is already well-established. Genetic data revealed that only the northwest African lineage of P. herdmani has been introduced to Europe. Considering the low dispersal capabilities of the early life-history stages of P. herdmani , the introduction of this species into Europe can only be explained via human mediated transport of NIS. In order to prevent any detrimental effects on both native biota and/or economically-important anthropogenic activities, regular monitoring of recent NIS introductions is urgently required.

A preliminary estimate of the contribution of coastal blue carbon to climate change mitigation in New Zealand - Finnley W. R. Ross; Dana E. Clark; Olga Albot; Anna Berthelsen; Richard Bulmer; Josie Crawshaw; Peter I. Macreadie (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2024)
The scale at which New Zealand is currently storing and sequestering blue carbon, and could create additional blue carbon via restoration, has been unclear. Here, we calculate a preliminary estimate for the current extent of three key blue carbon ecosystems (saltmarshes, mangrove forests and seagrass meadows), their carbon stocks and their carbon sequestration rates using the best available data to provide a preliminary estimate of blue carbon in New Zealand. We also use local examples to explore opportunities to create additional blue carbon. Based on the available literature, we estimate the current extent of New Zealand's blue carbon ecosystems to be 76,152 ha, which is 1.0% of the area of terrestrial native forests. Our preliminary estimate of New Zealand's blue carbon stock is 2.66–3.76 Mt of carbon, with a current carbon sequestration rate of 0.12 (0.05–0.26) Mt/CO 2 /yr, which is equivalent to 0.16% of New Zealand's 2021 gross emissions. Restoration of saltmarshes could enhance their carbon sink capacity, mangrove forests are naturally expanding and seagrass meadow restoration techniques at scale are still in development. Developing a national framework for blue carbon protection, monitoring and restoration is important as part of New Zealand's climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Wind dispersed tree species have greater maximum height - Ferry Slik; Bruno X. Pinho; Daniel M. Griffith; Edward Webb; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Adriano C. Quaresma; Aida Cuni Sanchez; Aisha Sultana; Alexandre F. Souza; Andreas Ensslin; Andreas Hemp; Andrew Lowe; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim We test the hypothesis that wind dispersal is more common among emergent tree species given that being tall increases the likelihood of effective seed dispersal. Location Americas, Africa and the Asia‐Pacific. Time period 1970–2020. Major taxa studied Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Methods We used a dataset consisting of tree inventories from 2821 plots across three biogeographic regions (Americas, Africa and Asia‐Pacific), including dry and wet forests, to determine the maximum height and dispersal strategy of 5314 tree species. A web search was used to determine whether species were wind‐dispersed. We compared differences in tree species maximum height between biogeographic regions and examined the relationship between species maximum height and wind dispersal using logistic regression. We also tested whether emergent tree species, that is species with at least one individual taller than the 95% height percentile in one or more plots, were disproportionally wind‐dispersed in dry and wet forests within each biogeographic region. Results Our dataset provides maximum height values for 5314 tree species, of which more than half (2914) had no record of this trait in existing global databases. We found that, on average, tree species in the Americas have lower maximum heights compared to those in Africa and the Asia Pacific. The probability of wind dispersal increased significantly with tree species maximum height and was significantly higher among emergent than non‐emergent tree species in both dry and wet forests in all three biogeographic regions. Main conclusion Wind dispersal is more prevalent in tall, emergent tree species than in non‐emergent species and may thus be an important factor in the evolution of tree species maximum height. By providing the most comprehensive dataset so far of tree species maximum height and wind dispersal strategies, this study paves the way for advancing our understanding of the eco‐evolutionary drivers of tree size.

Methane fluxes in tidal marshes of the conterminous United States - Ariane Arias‐Ortiz; Jaxine Wolfe; Scott D. Bridgham; Sara Knox; Gavin McNicol; Brian A. Needelman; Julie Shahan; Ellen J. Stuart‐Haëntjens; Lisamarie Windham‐Myers; Patty Y. Oikawa; Dennis D. Baldocchi; Joshua S. Caplan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with atmospheric concentrations that have nearly tripled since pre‐industrial times. Wetlands account for a large share of global CH 4 emissions, yet the magnitude and factors controlling CH 4 fluxes in tidal wetlands remain uncertain. We synthesized CH 4 flux data from 100 chamber and 9 eddy covariance (EC) sites across tidal marshes in the conterminous United States to assess controlling factors and improve predictions of CH 4 emissions. This effort included creating an open‐source database of chamber‐based GHG fluxes ( https://doi.org/10.25573/serc.14227085 ). Annual fluxes across chamber and EC sites averaged 26 ± 53 g CH 4 m −2 year −1 , with a median of 3.9 g CH 4 m −2 year −1 , and only 25% of sites exceeding 18 g CH 4 m −2 year −1 . The highest fluxes were observed at fresh‐oligohaline sites with daily maximum temperature normals (MATmax) above 25.6°C. These were followed by frequently inundated low and mid‐fresh‐oligohaline marshes with MATmax ≤25.6°C, and mesohaline sites with MATmax >19°C. Quantile regressions of paired chamber CH 4 flux and porewater biogeochemistry revealed that the 90th percentile of fluxes fell below 5 ± 3 nmol m −2 s −1 at sulfate concentrations >4.7 ± 0.6 mM, porewater salinity >21 ± 2 psu, or surface water salinity >15 ± 3 psu. Across sites, salinity was the dominant predictor of annual CH 4 fluxes, while within sites, temperature, gross primary productivity (GPP), and tidal height controlled variability at diel and seasonal scales. At the diel scale, GPP preceded temperature in importance for predicting CH 4 flux changes, while the opposite was observed at the seasonal scale. Water levels influenced the timing and pathway of diel CH 4 fluxes, with pulsed releases of stored CH 4 at low to rising tide. This study provides data and methods to improve tidal marsh CH 4 emission estimates, support blue carbon assessments, and refine national and global GHG inventories.

From field station to forecast: managing data at the Alaska Volcano Observatory - Michelle L. Coombs; Cheryl E. Cameron; Hannah R. Dietterich; Eleanor S. Boyce; Aaron G. Wech; Ronni Grapenthin; Kristi L. Wallace; Tom Parker; Taryn Lopez; Scott Crass; David Fee; Matthew M. Haney; et al. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2024)

Urinary MicroRNA biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in Macaca fascicularis - Subham Dasgupta; Tatiana Sharapova; Prathap K. Mahalingaiah; Brian N. Chorley; Ahmed Shoieb; Takayuki Tsuji; Alef A.C. dos Santos; Rohit Chari; Ali Ebrahimi; Deidre A. Dalmas Wilk; Syril Pettit; Bhupinder Bawa; et al. (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2024)

Determining evolutionary origin and phylogenetic relationships of mallard-like ducks of Oceania, greater Indonesia, and the Philippines with ddRAD-seq data - Marissa Kaminski; Joshua I. Brown; Sara R. Seibert; Flor Hernández; Melizar V. Duya; Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla; David Roshier; Adam Miles; Leo Joseph; Jeffrey L. Peters; Philip Lavretsky (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2024)

Pyrrhotites in asteroid 162173 Ryugu: Records of the initial changes on their surfaces with aqueous alteration - Hiroharu Yui; Shu-hei Urashima; Morihiko Onose; Mayu Morita; Shintaro Komatani; Izumi Nakai; Yoshinari Abe; Yasuko Terada; Hisashi Homma; Kazuko Motomura; Kiyohiro Ichida; Tetsuya Yokoyama; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Correction: On the Relationship Between Aquatic CO2 Concentration and Ecosystem Fluxes in Some of the World’s Key Wetland Types - Jessica L. Richardson; Ankur R. Desai; Jonathan Thom; Kim Lindgren; Hjalmar Laudon; Matthias Peichl; Mats Nilsson; Audrey Campeau; Järvi Järveoja; Peter Hawman; Deepak R. Mishra; Dontrece Smith; et al. (Wetlands, 2024)

eDNA monitoring detects new outbreak wave of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef - Sven Uthicke; Jason R. Doyle; Maria Gomez Cabrera; Frances Patel; Madi J. McLatchie; Peter C. Doll; Josie F. Chandler; Morgan S. Pratchett (Coral Reefs, 2024)
Crown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS, Acanthaster cf. solaris ) outbreaks remain a significant cause of coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and across the West-Pacific Ocean. Previous outbreaks on the GBR have only been discovered once fully established, which constrains opportunities for effective control. Early detection of outbreaks would provide an important opportunity for early intervention and increase understanding of outbreak cause(s). Here, we assess the utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring to detect the initiation of a population outbreak at Lizard Island over five years (2019–2023), compared with density estimates obtained using Scooter-Assisted Large Area Diver-based (SALAD) surveys. At each of the five eDNA sampling sites, 30 replicate samples were collected annually and analysed with CoTS-specific primer sets and digital droplet PCR. Both methods detected distinct increases in CoTS densities from 2020/21 onwards, indicating the start of a new population outbreak. A large part of the observed variation in eDNA (expressed as the percentage of positive samples) was explained by changes in recorded CoTS density, confirming that eDNA data provide a quantitative estimate for adult CoTS abundance. SALAD surveys and eDNA are new and complementary monitoring methods that facilitate early detection of CoTS outbreaks, which will enable more effective management intervention.

Fungal diversity present in snow sampled in summer in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica, assessed using metabarcoding - Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes; Fabyano A. C. Lopes; Karita C. R. Santos; Micheline C. Silva; Peter Convey; Paulo E. A. S. Câmara; Luiz H. Rosa (Extremophiles, 2024)

Five decades of ecological and meteorological data enhance the mechanistic understanding of global change impacts on the treeline ecotone in the European Alps - Lia Lechler; Christian Rixen; Peter Bebi; Mathias Bavay; Mauro Marty; Ignacio Barbeito; Melissa A. Dawes; Frank Hagedorn; Frank Krumm; Patrick Möhl; Marcus Schaub; Esther R. Frei (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Genetic detection and population structure of a non-native hybridogenic Poeciliopsis species in the Santa Cruz River of Arizona, USA - Steven M. Mussmann; Doug Duncan; Kent R. Mosher; William T. Stewart; Peter N. Reinthal; Wade D. Wilson (Biological Invasions, 2024)

Investigating migraine phenotype and dynamics in women with endometriosis: an observational pilot study - Gabriele Merki-Feld; Hanna Dietrich; Patrick Imesch; Andreas R. Gantenbein; Peter Sandor; Christoph J. Schankin (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2024)
Introduction Migraine and endometriosis are chronic disabling pain conditions. There is evidence for a shared genetic background. Migraine phenotype and course in patients with the comorbidity are insufficient investigated. Both conditions can be treated with progestins. Methods For this observational study we included women with migraine and endometriosis, visiting our clinic from 2015 to 2021. We collected available information from charts and complemented these data by a structured phone interview to collect more specific information on migraine and the course of both diseases. Results From 344 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 94 suffered from both, endometriosis and migraine. Migraine with aura was reported by 41% of the patients and was associated with earlier onset of migraine (age p Conclusions We conclude that the comorbidity of endometriosis is highly linked to migraine with aura. Migraine onset in these patients was earlier. Further studies are needed to explore, if the observed decrease in migraine frequency can be attributed to recent endometriosis surgery and to understand if early diagnosis and treatment of both conditions may contribute to improve the course of both conditions. Trial registration BASEC Nr. 2021-00285.

Correction to: Lifespan effects in male UM‑HET3 mice treated with sodium thiosulfate, 16‑hydroxyestriol, and late‑start canagliflozin - Richard A. Miller; David E. Harrison; Gino A. Cortopassi; Ishmael Dehghan; Elizabeth Fernandez; Michael Garratt; John G. Geisler; Brett C. Ginsburg; Melissa L. Han; Nisi Jiang; Catherine C. Kaczorowski; Navasuja Kumar; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

A global initiative for ecological and evolutionary hologenomics - Aoife Leonard; Javier Abalos; Titus Adhola; Windsor Aguirre; Ostaizka Aizpurua; Shahzad Ali; Franco Andreone; Fabien Aubret; Hefer D. Ávila-Palma; Lizbeth Fabiola Bautista Alcantara; Juan F. Beltrán; Rachel Berg; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally - Freya C. Womersley; Christoph A. Rohner; Kátya Abrantes; Pedro Afonso; Shin Arunrugstichai; Steffen S. Bach; Shir Bar; Adi Barash; Peter Barnes; Adam Barnett; Ginevra Boldrocchi; Noemie Buffat; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Pleistocene shifts in Great Basin hydroclimate seasonality govern the formation of lithium-rich paleolake deposits - Tripti Bhattacharya; Peter R. Brennan; Daniel E. Ibarra; Catherine A. Gagnon; Kristina L. Butler; Alexa Terrazas; Shaw Miller; Lee Ann Munk; David F. Boutt; Ran Feng; Stephanie N. Bullinger; Lucy Weisbeck (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Impaired memory in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to complex groundwater mixtures of contaminants is associated with reduced cranial blood flow and hippocampal neurotoxicity - B. Boamah; C. Morse; S. Siciliano; N. Hogan; M. Hecker; M. Hanson; P. Campbell; R. Peters; A.N. Al-Dissi; T.D. Olver; L. Weber (NeuroToxicology, 2024)

Impact of chickpea hummus on postprandial blood glucose, insulin and gut hormones in healthy humans combined with mechanistic studies of food structure, rheology and digestion kinetics - Rasha A. Alshaalan; Maria N. Charalambides; Cathrina H. Edwards; Peter R. Ellis; Shatha H. Alrabeah; Gary S. Frost (Food Research International, 2024)

Evaluation of 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity of an aloe vera inner leaf gel beverage - A. Wallace Hayes; Peter Pressman; Roger Clemens; Allen W. Singer; Mark R. Bauter (Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2024)

TTCF4LAMMPS: A toolkit for simulation of the non-equilibrium behaviour of molecular fluids at experimentally accessible shear rates - Luca Maffioli; James P. Ewen; Edward R. Smith; Sleeba Varghese; Peter J. Daivis; Daniele Dini; B.D. Todd (Computer Physics Communications, 2024)

Fostering effective and sustainable scientific collaboration and knowledge exchange: a workshop-based approach to establish a national ecological observatory network (NEON) domain-specific user group - Alison Donnelly; Ankur R. Desai; Katherine A. Heckman; Lucas E. Nave; Michael J. Cramer; Marie Faust; Peter Weishampel; Caleb Slemmons; Christian G. Andresen; Edward Ayres; Stacy R. Cotey; Kathryn M. Docherty; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2024)
The decision to establish a network of researchers centers on identifying shared research goals. Ecologically specific regions, such as the USA’s National Ecological Observatory Network’s (NEON’s) eco-climatic domains, are ideal locations by which to assemble researchers with a diverse range of expertise but focused on the same set of ecological challenges. The recently established Great Lakes User Group (GLUG) is NEON’s first domain specific ensemble of researchers, whose goal is to address scientific and technical issues specific to the Great Lakes Domain 5 (D05) by using NEON data to enable advancement of ecosystem science. Here, we report on GLUG’s kick off workshop, which comprised lightning talks, keynote presentations, breakout brainstorming sessions and field site visits. Together, these activities created an environment to foster and strengthen GLUG and NEON user engagement. The tangible outcomes of the workshop exceeded initial expectations and include plans for (i) two journal articles (in addition to this one), (ii) two potential funding proposals, (iii) an assignable assets request and (iv) development of classroom activities using NEON datasets. The success of this 2.5-day event was due to a combination of factors, including establishment of clear objectives, adopting engaging activities and providing opportunities for active participation and inclusive collaboration with diverse participants. Given the success of this approach we encourage others, wanting to organize similar groups of researchers, to adopt the workshop framework presented here which will strengthen existing collaborations and foster new ones, together with raising greater awareness and promotion of use of NEON datasets. Establishing domain specific user groups will help bridge the scale gap between site level data collection and addressing regional and larger ecological challenges.

Using RNA-Stable isotope probing to investigate methane oxidation metabolites and active microbial communities in methane oxidation coupled to denitrification - Sunday T. Nwoba; Carlo R. Carere; Kathryn Wigley; Kim Baronian; Louise Weaver; Peter A. Gostomski (Chemosphere, 2024)

A multi-marker assessment of sewage contamination in streams using human-associated indicator bacteria, human-specific viruses, and pharmaceuticals - Peter L. Lenaker; Matthew A. Pronschinske; Steven R. Corsi; Joel P. Stokdyk; Hayley T. Olds; Deborah K. Dila; Sandra L. McLellan (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Aquatic moss δ18O as a proxy for seasonally resolved lake water δ18O, northwest Greenland - Peter J.K. Puleo; Pete D. Akers; Ben G. Kopec; Jeffrey M. Welker; Hannah Bailey; Magdalena R. Osburn; Tenna Riis; Yarrow Axford (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Criteria and workflow for selecting saline formations for carbon storage - Catherine Callas; J. Steve Davis; Sarah D. Saltzer; Sam S. Hashemi; Gege Wen; Peter O. Gold; Mark D. Zoback; Sally M. Benson; Anthony R. Kovscek (International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2024)

Challenging reconstruction of the plurimillennial morphodynamics of hybrid urban deltas: Trajectory from a wave-dominated delta to a human-dominated delta in the Western Mediterranean area - Ferréol Salomon; Ada Lasheras González; Patricia Terrado Ortuño; Josep-Maria Macias-Solé; Kristian Strutt; Pierre-Alexis Herrault; Peter R. Morgan; Simon Keay (Geomorphology, 2024)

Catalytic production of light Olefins: Perspective and prospective - Naif S. Almuqati; Afrah M. Aldawsari; Khalid N. Alharbi; Sergio González-Cortés; Mohammed F. Alotibi; Fawaz Alzaidi; Jonathan R. Dilworth; Peter P. Edwards (Fuel, 2024)

Microbial upcycling of food waste using anaerobic digestion for energy and single cell protein production - Ellen Piercy; Peter R Ellis; Miao Guo (Current Opinion in Food Science, 2024)

Phosphorus removal from fermented dairy manure concurrent with polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate synthesis under aerobic conditions - Erik R. Coats; Cynthia K. Brinkman; Cody Peters; Colton MacInnis; Brandon Boyd (Bioresource Technology, 2024)

Long-Term Follow-Up of Cerebral Aneurysms Completely Occluded at 6 Months After Intervention with the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device: a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study - Kareem El Naamani; Panagiotis Mastorakos; Nimer Adeeb; Mathews Lan; James Castiglione; Omaditya Khanna; Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro; Rachel M. McLellan; Mahmoud Dibas; Justin E. Vranic; Assala Aslan; Hugo H. Cuellar-Saenz; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2024)

Equilibrium population dynamics of site-dependent species - Peter R. Law (Theoretical Ecology, 2024)
Adults of site-dependent species require a discrete structure, e.g., a cavity, for breeding, which they are unable to construct and must locate and occupy. The environment provides only a limited number of such sites, which may vary in overall quality due to their environmental context. Heterogeneity of site quality can result in population equilibrium, often construed as source-sink dynamics. Rodenhouse et al. (Ecology 78:2025-2042, 1997) proposed a mechanism of site-dependent equilibrium that they claimed was more general than source-sink dynamics. After defining notions of source and sink, I use explicit dynamical models for a site-dependent population, based on the life history of golden eagles ( Aquila chrysaetos ), with two levels of site quality, to investigate the existence of population equilibria under several scenarios: source-source, source-sink, and source-floater. The life history traits I employ are not overly restrictive and serve the purpose only of providing models explicit enough to be treated analytically. I use a generalized notion of “golden eagle” since site dependency is often discussed in the literature on raptors, and I have exploited details from Hunt et al. (PLoS ONE 12:e0172232, 2017) for numerical simulations. The crucial features of the modeling, however, are those of site dependency. The modeling emphasizes that equilibrium results from the limited supply of source sites and that vital rates averaged across site qualities do not provide a compelling explanation of equilibria, contra Rodenhouse et al. Counterintuitively, equilibria are theoretically possible, even when both site qualities are intrinsically source sites.

The face is central to primate multicomponent signals - Bridget M. Waller; Eithne Kavanagh; Jerome Micheletta; Peter R. Clark; Jamie Whitehouse (International Journal of Primatology, 2024)
A wealth of experimental and observational evidence suggests that faces have become increasingly important in the communication system of primates over evolutionary time and that both the static and moveable aspects of faces convey considerable information. Therefore, whenever there is a visual component to any multicomponent signal the face is potentially relevant. However, the role of the face is not always considered in primate multicomponent communication research. We review the literature and make a case for greater focus on the face going forward. We propose that the face can be overlooked for two main reasons: first, due to methodological difficulty. Examination of multicomponent signals in primates is difficult, so scientists tend to examine a limited number of signals in combination. Detailed examination of the subtle and dynamic components of facial signals is particularly hard to achieve in studies of primates. Second, due to a common assumption that the face contains “emotional” content. A priori categorisation of facial behavior as “emotional” ignores the potentially communicative and predictive information present in the face that might contribute to signals. In short, we argue that the face is central to multicomponent signals (and also many multimodal signals) and suggest future directions for investigating this phenomenon.

A Review on the State of the Art in Frugivory and Seed Dispersal on Islands and the Implications of Global Change - Manuel Nogales; Kim R. McConkey; Tomás A. Carlo; Debra M. Wotton; Peter J. Bellingham; Anna Traveset; Aarón González-Castro; Ruben Heleno; Kenta Watanabe; Haruko Ando; Haldre Rogers; Julia H. Heinen; et al. (The Botanical Review, 2024)
We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of island frugivory and seed dispersal and identify knowledge gaps that are important for fundamental research on—and applied conservation of—island ecosystems. We conducted a systematic literature search of frugivory and seed dispersal on islands, omitting large, continental islands. This revealed a total of 448 studies, most (75%) published during the last two decades, especially after 2010. Nearly 65% of them were focused on eight archipelagos. There is a paucity of studies in Pacific archipelagos near Asia and Australia, and in the Indian Ocean. Data on island frugivory and seed dispersal are diverse but highly uneven in geographic and conceptual coverage. Despite their limited biodiversity, islands are essential reservoirs of endemic plants and animals and their interactions. Due to the simplicity of insular ecosystems, we can assess the importance of seed dispersal theory and mechanisms at species and community levels. These include the ecological and biogeographical meaning and prevalence of non-standard mechanisms of seed dispersal on islands; the seed dispersal effectiveness and the relative roles of different frugivore guilds (birds and reptiles being the most important); and patterns of community organization and their drivers as revealed by interaction networks. Island systems are characterized by the extinction of many natives and endemics, and high rates of species introductions. Therefore, understanding how these losses and additions alter seed dispersal processes has been a prevailing goal of island studies and an essential foundation for the effective restoration and conservation of islands.

Forest carbon uptake as influenced by snowpack and length of photosynthesis season in seasonally snow-covered forests of North America - Julia C. Yang; David R. Bowling; Kenneth R. Smith; Lewis Kunik; Brett Raczka; William R.L. Anderegg; Michael Bahn; Peter D. Blanken; Andrew D. Richardson; Sean P. Burns; Gil Bohrer; Ankur R. Desai; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Emigration of post‐spawned twaite shad Alosa fallax , an anadromous and iteroparous fish, in a highly fragmented river - Mark I. A. Yeldham; J. Robert Britton; Charles Crundwell; Peter Davies; Jamie R. Dodd; Andrew D. Nunn; Randolph Velterop; Jonathan D. Bolland (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
Anthropogenic barriers are widely known to negatively impact the spawning migrations of anadromous fishes, by delaying or preventing passage upstream. Although the impacts of barriers on emigrating post‐spawned adults are less well studied, they could potentially impact the fitness and subsequent return rates of iteroparous species. In this study, passive acoustic telemetry was used to track the emigrations of 53 twaite shad Alosa fallax in the River Severn basin in their first spawning migration a year after being tagged, giving insights into their emigration movements and the impacts of anthropogenic weirs on these movements. A. fallax began their emigrations after spending varying amounts of time and migrating various distances within the river, with late‐emigrating individuals moving fastest and most directly. Emigrations became faster and more direct the further downstream individuals were from their furthest upstream extent. Downstream passage delays at weirs increased emigration times by a median of 61%, with environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, flow, and tidal influence on river level) having little influence on downstream passage at weirs with no modifications to facilitate fish passage. As weir‐induced emigration delays are suggested to deplete energy reserves (when energy levels are already depleted post‐spawning), limit spawning opportunities (by preventing access to downstream spawning habitat), and expose individuals to increased predation risk and suboptimal conditions (e.g., high temperatures), these delays can potentially diminish the benefits of iteroparity. The evidence presented here suggests that more consideration should be given to the potential impacts of anthropogenic barriers on the emigrations of iteroparous species when assessing river connectivity or undertaking barrier mitigation.

Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate‐driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats - Peter J. Taylor; Teresa C. Kearney; Vincent Ralph Clark; Alexandra Howard; Monday V. Mdluli; Wanda Markotter; Marike Geldenhuys; Leigh R. Richards; Andrinajoro R. Rakotoarivelo; Johan Watson; Julio Balona; Ara Monadjem (Global Change Biology, 2024)
Hosting 1460 plant and 126 vertebrate endemic species, the Great Escarpment (hereafter, Escarpment) forms a semi‐circular “amphitheater” of mountains girdling southern Africa from arid west to temperate east. Since arid and temperate biota are usually studied separately, earlier studies overlooked the biogeographical importance of the Escarpment as a whole. Bats disperse more widely than other mammalian taxa, with related species and intraspecific lineages occupying both arid and temperate highlands of the Escarpment, providing an excellent model to address this knowledge gap. We investigated patterns of speciation and micro‐endemism from modeled past, present, and future distributions in six clades of southern African bats from three families (Rhinolophidae, Cistugidae, and Vespertilionidae) having different crown ages (Pleistocene to Miocene) and biome affiliations (temperate to arid). We estimated mtDNA relaxed clock dates of key divergence events across the six clades in relation both to biogeographical features and patterns of phenotypic variation in crania, bacula and echolocation calls. In horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae), both the western and eastern “arms” of the Escarpment have facilitated dispersals from the Afrotropics into southern Africa. Pleistocene and pre‐Pleistocene “species pumps” and temperate refugia explained observed patterns of speciation, intraspecific divergence and, in two cases, mtDNA introgression. The Maloti‐Drakensberg is a center of micro‐endemism for bats, housing three newly described or undescribed species. Vicariance across biogeographic barriers gave rise to 29 micro‐endemic species and intraspecific lineages whose distributions were congruent with those identified in other phytogeographic and zoogeographic studies. Although Köppen–Geiger climate models predict a widespread replacement of current temperate ecosystems in southern Africa by tropical or arid ecosystems by 2070–2100, future climate Maxent models for 13 bat species (all but one of those analyzed above) showed minimal range changes in temperate species from the eastern Escarpment by 2070, possibly due to the buffering effect of mountains to climate change.

A century of statistical Ecology - Neil A. Gilbert; Bruna R. Amaral; Olivia M. Smith; Peter J. Williams; Sydney Ceyzyk; Samuel Ayebare; Kayla L. Davis; Wendy Leuenberger; Jeffrey W. Doser; Elise F. Zipkin (Ecology, 2024)
As data and computing power have surged in recent decades, statistical modeling has become an important tool for understanding ecological patterns and processes. Statistical modeling in ecology faces two major challenges. First, ecological data may not conform to traditional methods, and second, professional ecologists often do not receive extensive statistical training. In response to these challenges, the journal Ecology has published many innovative statistical ecology papers that introduced novel modeling methods and provided accessible guides to statistical best practices. In this paper, we reflect on Ecology 's history and its role in the emergence of the subdiscipline of statistical ecology, which we define as the study of ecological systems using mathematical equations, probability, and empirical data. We showcase 36 influential statistical ecology papers that have been published in Ecology over the last century and, in so doing, comment on the evolution of the field. As data and computing power continue to increase, we anticipate continued growth in statistical ecology to tackle complex analyses and an expanding role for Ecology to publish innovative and influential papers, advancing the discipline and guiding practicing ecologists.

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward - Mario Manto; Michael Adamaszek; Richard Apps; Erik Carlson; Julian Guarque-Chabrera; Elien Heleven; Shinji Kakei; Kamran Khodakhah; Sheng-Han Kuo; Chi-Ying R. Lin; Mati Joshua; Marta Miquel; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2024)

Lifespan effects in male UM-HET3 mice treated with sodium thiosulfate, 16-hydroxyestriol, and late-start canagliflozin - Richard A. Miller; David E. Harrison; Gino A. Cortopassi; Ishmael Dehghan; Elizabeth Fernandez; Michael Garratt; John G. Geisler; Brett C. Ginsburg; Melissa L. Han; Catherine C. Kaczorowski; Navasuja Kumar; Scott F. Leiser; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

A predictive model for hypocalcaemia in dairy cows utilizing behavioural sensor data combined with deep learning - Meike van Leerdam; Peter R. Hut; Arno Liseune; Elena Slavco; Jan Hulsen; Miel Hostens (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024)

Seasonality, rather than estuarine gradient or particle suspension/sinking dynamics, determines estuarine carbon distributions - Sven P. Tobias-Hünefeldt; Justus E.E. van Beusekom; Vanessa Russnak; Kirstin Dähnke; Wolfgang R. Streit; Hans-Peter Grossart (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of commercial probiotics and disinfectant against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and luminescent vibriosis in Litopenaeus vannamei - Leobert D. de la Peña; Germin L. Moquera; Edgar C. Amar; Jose Louis A. Castellano; Nikko Alvin R. Cabillon; Joey I. Arboleda; Joseph Keith Paulo T. Nava; Rodolfo V. Zamora; Peter De Schryver (Research in Veterinary Science, 2024)

Biodiversity responses to Lateglacial climate change in the subdecadally-resolved record of Lake Hämelsee (Germany) - S. Engels; C.S. Lane; W.Z. Hoek; I. Baneschi; A. Bouwman; E. Brogan; C. Bronk Ramsey; J. Collins; R. de Bruijn; A. Haliuc; O. Heiri; K. Hubay; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Three-stage, 70 Myr exhumation of HP/LT rocks on Margarita, Venezuela: Caribbean intra-forearc shear, Grenada Basin rifting, and continental obduction - Walter V. Maresch; James Pindell; Rolf Kluge; Albrecht Baumann; Diego Villágomez Díaz; Manfred R. Brix; Stuart N. Thomson; Klaus Peter Stanek; Hans-Peter Schertl; Friedemann Grafe (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2024)

New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7 Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya - Emma M. Finestone; Thomas W. Plummer; Thomas H. Vincent; Scott A. Blumenthal; Peter W. Ditchfield; Laura C. Bishop; James S. Oliver; Andy I.R. Herries; Christopher Vere Palfery; Timothy P. Lane; Elizabeth McGuire; Jonathan S. Reeves; et al. (Journal of Human Evolution, 2024)

Preface to VSI “Increasing the use of cereal grains as sources of protein” - Peter R Shewry; Maneka Malalgoda; James House (Journal of Cereal Science, 2024)

Can we increase the use of wheat and other cereals as sources of protein? - Peter R. Shewry (Journal of Cereal Science, 2024)

What do we really understand about wheat gluten structure and functionality? - Peter R. Shewry; Peter S. Belton (Journal of Cereal Science, 2024)

Speculations on the Paleozoic legacy of Gondwana amalgamation - J. Brendan Murphy; R. Damian Nance; Stephen T. Johnston; Josep M. Casas; Peter A. Cawood; Edward J. Matheson; Peir K. Pufahl; Wei Dan; J. Javier Álvaro; Philip J. Heron; Rob A. Strachan (Gondwana Research, 2024)

Microencapsulation of fish oil with brewer’s spent grain proteins: Effect of citric acid and emulsion pH - Toktam Farjami; Wilhelm R. Glomm; Peter P. Molesworth; Ida-Johanne Jensen; Eva Falch (Food Hydrocolloids, 2024)

Determinants of mangrove seedling survival incorporated within hybrid living shorelines - Amanda R. Hsiung; Ophelia X.J. Ong; Xue Shen Teo; Daniel A. Friess; Peter A. Todd; Stephen E. Swearer; Rebecca L. Morris (Ecological Engineering, 2024)

Volatile organic compounds emitted by humans indoors– A review on the measurement, test conditions, and analysis techniques - Peter. J Irga; Gabrielle Mullen; Robert Fleck; Stephen Matheson; Sara. J Wilkinson; Fraser. R Torpy (Building and Environment, 2024)

Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale - Juan Serratosa; Steffen Oppel; Shay Rotics; Andrea Santangeli; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Luis S. Cano-Alonso; Jose Luis Tellería; Ryno Kemp; Aaron Nicholas; Aigars Kalvāns; Aitor Galarza; Aldina M.A. Franco; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Wie informieren sich Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher am Point of Sale? Eine Untersuchung zur Wahrnehmung von Kommunikationsmaßnahmen und Labels - Nadine R. Gier-Reinartz; Regina Harms; Peter Kenning; Christina Neubig; Malte Oehlmann; Jutta Roosen (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2024)
Zusammenfassung Informationen am Point of Sale zur landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung können das Kauf-, Konsum- und Kommunikationsverhalten von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern unterschiedlich stark beeinflussen. Um Verbraucherinformation effektiv und effizient gestalten zu können, braucht es Kenntnis über Kommunikationsmaßnahmen, die das Verhalten von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern beeinflussen können und für diese besonders relevant sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund fokussiert dieser Beitrag (a) welche Kommunikationsinhalte am Point of Sale (nicht) genutzt und als (un)wichtig erachtet werden, (b) welche Veränderungen hinsichtlich des Informationsbedarfs bestehen, (c) welche Kommunikationsträger als potenzielle Informationsquelle am Point of Sale genutzt werden, und (d) welche Labels, die im Bereich der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung zur Produktkennzeichnung verwendet werden, hinreichend bekannt und vertrauensvoll sind. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass insbesondere Kommunikationsinhalte zum Preis und zur Haltbarkeit, aber auch zur Haltung der Nutztiere sowie die Kommunikationsträger „Verpackung“ und „Label“ durch Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher am Point of Sale genutzt werden. Dabei deuten sich bei aktuellen Produktkennzeichnungen und verwendeten Labels für landwirtschaftliche Nutztierhaltung teilweise große Bekanntheitsunterschiede an, wobei wenn Personen ein Label kennen keines der untersuchten Labels im Vergleich einen Vertrauensvorsprung zu haben scheint. Ein konstant wachsender Bedarf an weiteren Informationen zur Tierhaltung (z. B. zu Tiergesundheitsindikatoren) ist jedoch erkennbar. Dieser scheint jedoch durch aktuell bekannte Kommunikationsmaßnahmen am Point of Sale nicht gedeckt zu sein. Durch verstärkte Aufklärung mittels bereits genutzter Kommunikationsträger zur Tierhaltung, wie z. B. das Verpackungslabel „Haltungsform“, könnten bestehende Lücken geschlossen werden.

Das RealLabor als Methode der Transformation zur systematischen Entwicklung und prototypischen Erprobung innovativer Marktleistungen für nachhaltigeren Konsum − ein Zwischenbericht - Nadine R. Gier-Reinartz; Regina Harms; Peter Kenning (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2024)
Zusammenfassung Als wesentliche ökonomische Akteure haben auch Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher Einfluss auf die ökonomische Entwicklung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung. Durch ihr Kaufverhalten bestimmen sie im Kollektiv maßgeblich über die Refinanzierung etwaiger Transformationskosten. Ein Aspekt, der das Kaufverhalten beeinflusst, ist der unmittelbare und konkrete Entscheidungskontext am Point of Sale, der auch die Preisgestaltung sowie die Warenverfügbarkeit umfasst. Viele Studien vernachlässigen den konkreten Entscheidungskontext am Point of Sale, weshalb sich möglicherweise geäußerte Einstellungen nur teilweise im beobachtbaren Kaufverhalten widerspiegeln. Es verfestigt sich der Eindruck, dass “die” Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher zwar regelmäßig höhere Standards für die landwirtschaftliche Nutztierhaltung fordern, die entsprechenden Produkte aber nicht kaufen. Um diese Diskrepanz zwischen Einstellung und Verhalten zu überwinden scheint es sinnvoll mit allen relevanten Akteuren gemeinsam Möglichkeiten der Kommunikation- und Informationsgestaltung am Point of Sale zu entwickeln und zu erproben. Diese Möglichkeiten bieten Reallabore, die im Rahmen des SocialLab II-Projektes konkretisiert wurden. Das daraus resultierende “RealLabor” kann als transformative Methodik genutzt werden, um Umsetzungsprozesse zu beobachten, zu begleiten und zu gestalten, um möglichst eine nachhaltige Veränderung in der Gesellschaft bewirken und etablieren zu können. Dieser Zwischenbericht skizziert das RealLabor als Methode der Transformationsforschung zur systematischen Entwicklung und prototypischen Erprobung von innovativen Marktleistungen für den nachhaltigen Konsum.

Einflussfaktoren auf die gesellschaftliche Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung aus Sicht des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels - Regina Harms; Nadine R. Gier-Reinartz; Peter Kenning (Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2024)
Zusammenfassung Die Transformation zu einer nachhaltigen landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung erfordert grundlegende gesellschaftspolitische Veränderungen, die von allen Interessensgruppen mitgetragen werden müssen. Da der Lebensmittelhandel eine Schlüsselposition in der Nachhaltigkeitstransformation einnimmt, ist eine Integration seiner Perspektive unabdingbar. Diese qualitative Studie präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Vertreterinnen und Vertretern des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels. Sie beleuchtet die verschiedenen Herausforderungen, denen dieser Sektor gegenübersteht und die sein Verhalten und Management beeinflussen. Diese Herausforderungen umfassen hauptsächlich sich verändernde Konsummuster der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher, die Digitalisierung sowie politische und rechtliche Entwicklungen. In methodischer Hinsicht verdeutlicht die Breite der gefundenen Ergebnisse, dass branchenspezifische Interviews eine gute Möglichkeit darstellen, um die Handelsperspektive differenziert zu erfassen und dieser zentralen Stakeholdergruppe Ausdruck zu verleihen.

Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass‐loss rate and stabilization - Judith M. Sarneel; Mariet M. Hefting; Taru Sandén; Johan van den Hoogen; Devin Routh; Bhupendra S. Adhikari; Juha M. Alatalo; Alla Aleksanyan; Inge H. J. Althuizen; Mohammed H. S. A. Alsafran; Jeff W. Atkins; Laurent Augusto; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large‐scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization factors of plant‐derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy‐to‐degrade components accumulate during early‐stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass‐loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early‐stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.

Camera trap surveys of A tlantic F orest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004–2020) - Ingridi Camboim Franceschi; Rubem Augusto da Paixão Dornas; Isabel Salgueiro Lermen; Artur Vicente Pfeifer Coelho; Ademir Henrique Vilas Boas; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Alana Rafaela Borsekowsky; Alessandro Rocha; Alex Bager; Alexander Zaidan de Souza; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land‐cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large‐sized species. Here we present a data set from camera trap surveys of medium to large‐sized native mammals (>1 kg) across the Atlantic Forest. We compiled data from 5380 ground‐level camera trap deployments in 3046 locations, from 2004 to 2020, resulting in 43,068 records of 58 species. These data add to existing data sets of mammals in the Atlantic Forest by including dates of camera operation needed for analyses dealing with imperfect detection. We also included, when available, information on important predictors of detection, namely the camera brand and model, use of bait, and obstruction of camera viewshed that can be measured from example pictures at each camera location. Besides its application in studies on the patterns and mechanisms behind occupancy, relative abundance, richness, and detection, the data set presented here can be used to study species' daily activity patterns, activity levels, and spatiotemporal interactions between species. Moreover, data can be used combined with other data sources in the multiple and expanding uses of integrated population modeling. An R script is available to view summaries of the data set. We expect that this data set will be used to advance the knowledge of mammal assemblages and to inform evidence‐based solutions for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. The data are not copyright restricted; please cite this paper when using the data.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

An account of the occurrence of residues from veterinary drugs and contaminants in animal-derived products: a case study on Brazilian supply chains - Peter B. Faria; Sara W. Erasmus; Fabio R. P. Bruhn; Saskia M. van Ruth (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2024)

Herbicides and pesticides synergistically interact at low concentrations in complex mixtures - M. Alehashem; R. Peters; H.O. Fajana; S. Eslamizad; N. Hogan; M. Hecker; S.D. Siciliano (Chemosphere, 2024)

Channel morphological change monitoring using high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEM and multi-temporal imageries - Tesfa Gebrie Andualem; Stefan Peters; Guna A. Hewa; Baden R. Myers; John Boland; David Pezzaniti (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

A new Harrisiothecium pollen organ from the Upper Triassic of South Central China - Gongle Shi; Else Marie Friis; Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen; Qiang Fu; Peter R. Crane (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2024)

Mid-to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and assessing their climatic impacts over the last 5,500 years - Peter M. Abbott; Joseph R. McConnell; Nathan J. Chellman; Sepp Kipfstuhl; Maria Hörhold; Johannes Freitag; Eliza Cook; William Hutchison; Michael Sigl (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

The British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program Reduces Short-Term Household Food Insecurity Among Adults With Low Incomes: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Michelle L. Aktary; Sharlette Dunn; Tolulope Sajobi; Heather O’Hara; Peter Leblanc; Gavin R. McCormack; Stephanie Caron-Roy; Yun Yun Lee; Raylene A. Reimer; Leia M. Minaker; Kim D. Raine; Jenny Godley; et al. (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024)

Membrane-free dissolved hydrogen monitoring in anaerobic digestion - Eike Janesch; Rodrigo R. Retamal Marín; Anja Lemoine; Wolfram Oelßner; Jens Zosel; Michael Mertig; Peter Neubauer; Stefan Junne (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024)

Multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary approaches to nature-based flood risk management - Peter R. Davids; Thomas Hartmann; Carla S.S. Ferreira; Zahra Kalantari; Paulo Pereira (Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2024)

Identification of two mutant JASON-RELATED genes associated with unreduced pollen production in potato - Corentin R. Clot; Lea Vexler; Maria de La O Leyva-Perez; Peter M. Bourke; Christel J. M. Engelen; Ronald C. B. Hutten; José van de Belt; Erik Wijnker; Dan Milbourne; Richard G. F. Visser; Martina Juranić; Herman J. van Eck (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2024)
Key message Multiple QTLs control unreduced pollen production in potato. Two major-effect QTLs co-locate with mutant alleles of genes with homology to AtJAS, a known regulator of meiotic spindle orientation. Abstract In diploid potato the production of unreduced gametes with a diploid (2 n ) rather than a haploid ( n ) number of chromosomes has been widely reported. Besides their evolutionary important role in sexual polyploidisation, unreduced gametes also have a practical value for potato breeding as a bridge between diploid and tetraploid germplasm. Although early articles argued for a monogenic recessive inheritance, the genetic basis of unreduced pollen production in potato has remained elusive. Here, three diploid full-sib populations were genotyped with an amplicon sequencing approach and phenotyped for unreduced pollen production across two growing seasons. We identified two minor-effect and three major-effect QTLs regulating this trait. The two QTLs with the largest effect displayed a recessive inheritance and an additive interaction. Both QTLs co-localised with genes encoding for putative AtJAS homologs, a key regulator of meiosis II spindle orientation in Arabidopsis thaliana . The function of these candidate genes is consistent with the cytological phenotype of mis-oriented metaphase II plates observed in the parental clones. The alleles associated with elevated levels of unreduced pollen showed deleterious mutation events: an exonic transposon insert causing a premature stop, and an amino acid change within a highly conserved domain. Taken together, our findings shed light on the natural variation underlying unreduced pollen production in potato and will facilitate interploidy breeding by enabling marker-assisted selection for this trait.

Smartphone and Wearable Device-Based Digital Phenotyping to Understand Substance use and its Syndemics - Jasper S. Lee; Emma Browning; Joanne Hokayem; Hannah Albrechta; Georgia R. Goodman; Krishna Venkatasubramanian; Arlen Dumas; Stephanie P. Carreiro; Conall O’Cleirigh; Peter R. Chai (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2024)

Profiling the antioxidant biomarkers in marine fish larvae: a comparative assessment of different storage conditions to select the optimal strategy - Amritha Jagannivasan; Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar; Krupesha Sharma S R; Gayathri Suresh; Dhanutha Nikathil Raveendranathan; Reynold Peter; Ambarish Purackattu Gop; Gopalakrishnan Achamveetil (Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024)

The recovery of octocoral populations following periodic disturbance masks their vulnerability to persistent global change - James Cant; Lorenzo Bramanti; Georgios Tsounis; Ángela Martínez Quintana; Howard R. Lasker; Peter J. Edmunds (Coral Reefs, 2024)
As the major form of coral reef regime shift, stony coral to macroalgal transitions have received considerable attention. In the Caribbean, however, regime shifts in which scleractinian corals are replaced by octocoral assemblages hold potential for maintaining reef associated communities. Accordingly, forecasting the resilience of octocoral assemblages to future disturbance regimes is necessary to understand these assemblages' capacity to maintain reef biodiversity. We parameterised integral projection models quantifying the survival, growth, and recruitment of the octocorals, Antillogorgia americana , Gorgonia ventalina , and Eunicea flexuosa, in St John, US Virgin Islands, before, during, and after severe hurricane disturbance. Using these models, we forecast the density of populations of each species under varying future hurricane regimes. We demonstrate that although hurricanes reduce population growth, A. americana , G. ventalina , and E. flexuosa each display a capacity for quick recovery following storm disturbance. Despite this recovery potential, we illustrate how the population dynamics of each species correspond with a longer-term decline in their population densities. Despite their resilience to periodic physical disturbance events, ongoing global change jeopardises the future viability of octocoral assemblages.

Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I experiment - Yongkang Xue; Ismaila Diallo; Aaron A. Boone; Yang Zhang; Xubin Zeng; William K. M. Lau; J. David Neelin; Tandong Yao; Qi Tang; Tomonori Sato; Myung-Seo Koo; Frederic Vitart; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2024)
The prediction skill for precipitation anomalies in late spring and summer months—a significant component of extreme climate events—has remained stubbornly low for years. This paper presents a new idea that utilizes information on boreal spring land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to improve prediction of subsequent summer droughts/floods over several regions over the world, East Asia and North America in particular. The work was performed in the framework of the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment, which focused on whether the TP LST/SUBT provides an additional source for subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability. The summer 2003, when there were severe drought/flood over the southern/northern part of the Yangtze River basin, respectively, has been selected as the focus case. With the newly developed LST/SUBT initialization method, the observed surface temperature anomaly over the TP has been partially produced by the LS4P-I model ensemble mean, and 8 hotspot regions in the world were identified where June precipitation is significantly associated with anomalies of May TP land temperature. Consideration of the TP LST/SUBT effect has produced about 25–50% of observed precipitation anomalies in most hotspot regions. The multiple models have shown more consistency in the hotspot regions along the Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train. The mechanisms for the LST/SUBT effect on the 2003 drought over the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin are discussed. For comparison, the global SST effect has also been tested and 6 regions with significant SST effects were identified in the 2003 case, explaining about 25–50% of precipitation anomalies over most of these regions. This study suggests that the TP LST/SUBT effect is a first-order source of S2S precipitation predictability, and hence it is comparable to that of the SST effect. With the completion of the LS4P-I, the LS4P-II has been launched and the LS4P-II protocol is briefly presented.

Reactive transport modeling of diffusive mobility and retention of TcO4− in Opalinus Clay - Ping Chen; Luc R. Van Loon; Steffen Koch; Peter Alt-Epping; Tobias Reich; Sergey V. Churakov (Applied Clay Science, 2024)

Errors in temporal disaggregation of temperature can lead to non-negligible biases in agroecosystem risk assessment - Supriya Savalkar; Md. Redwan Ahmad Khan; Bhupinderjeet Singh; Matt Pruett; R. Troy Peters; Claudio O Stöckle; Sean E. Hill; Kirti Rajagopalan (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

Tracking repeat spawning anadromous fish migrations over multiple years in a fragmented river suggests philopatry and sex-linked variation in space use - Peter Davies; J. Robert Britton; Demetra Andreou; Charles Crundwell; Jamie R. Dodd; Olivier Lepais; Andrew D. Nunn; Stephen Sabatino; Randolph Velterop; Jonathan D. Bolland (Aquatic Sciences, 2024)
There is limited knowledge of how philopatry influences the spatial ecology of iteroparous anadromous species during their spawning migrations, but this knowledge is important in understanding population responses to interventions such as river reconnection. Here, acoustic telemetry was applied to twaite shad Alosa fallax and hybrids ( n = 184) during their freshwater spawning migration, enabling quantification of philopatry across spawning migrations and assessment of the factors affecting space use. Tagged fish moved a median of 7 km day −1 . Their migration routes were tortuous (median ratio of total distance moved/upstream extent = 2.8), and included multiple upstream/downstream direction changes (median = 27) over a median freshwater movement distance of 247 km. Females occupied larger core areas than males, but previous spawning experience, body length, tagging status, and introgression with A. alosa did not predict core area size. Seventy-one fish returned a year after tagging, with a median freshwater residency of 33 days. Between years, intra-individual similarity in space use was significantly greater than inter-individual similarity, providing strong evidence of philopatry. These results provide insights into how spawning philopatry and phenotype influence riverine space use in a threatened anadromous species, and have implications for river reconnection efforts.

Pathways from research to sustainable development: Insights from ten research projects in sustainability and resilience - Anna Scaini; Joseph Mulligan; Håkan Berg; Albert Brangarí; Vera Bukachi; Sebastian Carenzo; Da Chau Thi; Colin Courtney-Mustaphi; Anneli Ekblom; Hanne Fjelde; Mathias Fridahl; Anders Hansson; et al. (Ambio, 2024)
Drawing on collective experience from ten collaborative research projects focused on the Global South, we identify three major challenges that impede the translation of research on sustainability and resilience into better-informed choices by individuals and policy-makers that in turn can support transformation to a sustainable future. The three challenges comprise: (i) converting knowledge produced during research projects into successful knowledge application; (ii) scaling up knowledge in time when research projects are short-term and potential impacts are long-term; and (iii) scaling up knowledge across space, from local research sites to larger-scale or even global impact. Some potential pathways for funding agencies to overcome these challenges include providing targeted prolonged funding for dissemination and outreach, and facilitating collaboration and coordination across different sites, research teams, and partner organizations. By systematically documenting these challenges, we hope to pave the way for further innovations in the research cycle.

A global analysis of field body temperatures of active squamates in relation to climate and behaviour - Shahar Dubiner; Rocío Aguilar; Rodolfo O. Anderson; Diego M. Arenas Moreno; Luciano J. Avila; Estefania Boada‐Viteri; Martin Castillo; David G. Chapple; Christian O. Chukwuka; Alison Cree; Félix B. Cruz; Guarino R. Colli; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Squamate fitness is affected by body temperature, which in turn is influenced by environmental temperatures and, in many species, by exposure to solar radiation. The biophysical drivers of body temperature have been widely studied, but we lack an integrative synthesis of actual body temperatures experienced in the field, and their relationships to environmental temperatures, across phylogeny, behaviour and climate. Location Global (25 countries on six continents). Taxa Squamates (210 species, representing 25 families). Methods We measured the body temperatures of 20,231 individuals of squamates in the field while they were active. We examined how body temperatures vary with substrate and air temperatures across taxa, climates and behaviours (basking and diel activity). Results Heliothermic lizards had the highest body temperatures. Their body temperatures were the most weakly correlated with substrate and air temperatures. Body temperatures of non‐heliothermic diurnal lizards were similar to heliotherms in relation to air temperature, but similar to nocturnal species in relation to substrate temperatures. The correlation of body temperature with air and substrate temperatures was stronger in diurnal snakes and non‐heliothermic lizards than in heliotherms. Body‐substrate and body‐air temperature correlations varied with mean annual temperatures in all diurnal squamates, especially in heliotherms. Thermal relations vary with behaviour (heliothermy, nocturnality) in cold climates but converge towards the same relation in warm climates. Non‐heliotherms and nocturnal species body temperatures are better explained by substrate temperature than by air temperature. Body temperature distributions become left‐skewed in warmer‐bodied species, especially in colder climates. Main Conclusions Squamate body temperatures, their frequency distributions and their relation to environmental temperature, are globally influenced by behavioural and climatic factors. For all temperatures and climates, heliothermic species' body temperatures are consistently higher and more stable than in other species, but in regions with warmer climate these differences become less pronounced. A comparable variation was found in non‐heliotherms, but in not nocturnal species whose body temperatures were similar to air and substrate irrespective of the macroclimatic context.

The geographic extent of bird populations affected by renewable‐energy development - Hannah B. Vander Zanden; David M. Nelson; Tara J. Conkling; Taber D. Allison; Jay E. Diffendorfer; Thomas V. Dietsch; Amy L. Fesnock; Scott R. Loss; Patricia A. Ortiz; Robin Paulman; Krysta H. Rogers; Peter M. Sanzenbacher; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2024)
Bird populations are declining globally. Wind and solar energy can reduce emissions of fossil fuels that drive anthropogenic climate change, yet renewable‐energy production represents a potential threat to bird species. Surveys to assess potential effects at renewable‐energy facilities are exclusively local, and the geographic extent encompassed by birds killed at these facilities is largely unknown, which creates challenges for minimizing and mitigating the population‐level and cumulative effects of these fatalities. We performed geospatial analyses of stable hydrogen isotope data obtained from feathers of 871 individuals of 24 bird species found dead at solar‐ and wind‐energy facilities in California (USA). Most species had individuals with a mix of origins, ranging from 23% to 98% nonlocal. Mean minimum distances to areas of likely origin for nonlocal individuals were as close as 97 to >1250 km, and these minimum distances were larger for species found at solar‐energy facilities in deserts than at wind‐energy facilities in grasslands (Cohen's d = 6.5). Fatalities were drawn from an estimated 30–100% of species’ desingated ranges, and this percentage was significantly smaller for species with large ranges found at wind facilities (Pearson's r = −0.67). Temporal patterns in the geographic origin of fatalities suggested that migratory movements and nonmigratory movements, such as dispersal and nomadism, influence exposure to fatality risk for these birds. Our results illustrate the power of using stable isotope data to assess the geographic extent of renewable‐energy fatalities on birds. As the buildout of renewable‐energy facilities continues, accurate assessment of the geographic footprint of wildlife fatalities can be used to inform compensatory mitigation for their population‐level and cumulative effects.

Kaempferol and atherosclerosis: From mechanism to medicine - Meijie Chen; Jianbo Xiao; Hesham R. El-Seedi; Krystyna Skalicka Woźniak; Maria Daglia; Peter J. Little; Jianping Weng; Suowen Xu (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2024)

Biodistribution of Drug/ADA Complexes: The Impact of Immune Complex Formation on Antibody Distribution - Eugenia Opolka-Hoffmann; Martin R. Edelmann; Michael B. Otteneder; Simon Hauri; Gregor Jordan; Peter Schrag; Martin Lechmann; Gerhard Winter; Roland F. Staack (The AAPS Journal, 2024)
The clinical use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and other indications has been successfully established. A critical aspect of drug-antibody pharmacokinetics is immunogenicity, which triggers an immune response via an anti-drug antibody (ADA) and forms drug/ADA immune complexes (ICs). As a consequence, there may be a reduced efficacy upon neutralization by ADA or an accelerated drug clearance. It is therefore important to understand immunogenicity in biological therapies. A drug-like immunoglobulin G (IgG) was radiolabeled with tritium, and ICs were formed using polyclonal ADA, directed against the complementary-determining region of the drug-IgG, to investigate in vivo biodistribution in rodents. It was demonstrated that 65% of the radioactive IC dose was excreted within the first 24 h, compared with only 6% in the control group who received non-complexed 3 H-drug. Autoradiographic imaging at the early time point indicated a deposition of immune complexes in the liver, lung, and spleen indicated by an increased radioactivity signal. A biodistribution study confirmed the results and revealed further insights regarding excretion and plasma profiles. It is assumed that the immune complexes are readily taken up by the reticuloendothelial system. The ICs are degraded proteolytically, and the released radioactively labeled amino acids are redistributed throughout the body. These are mainly renally excreted as indicated by urine measurements or incorporated into protein synthesis. These biodistribution studies using tritium-labeled immune complexes described in this article underline the importance of understanding the immunogenicity induced by therapeutic proteins and the resulting influence on biological behavior. Graphical Abstract Created with BioRender.com

Advancing fish breeding in aquaculture through genome functional annotation - Ian A. Johnston; Matthew P. Kent; Pierre Boudinot; Mark Looseley; Luca Bargelloni; Sara Faggion; Gabriela A. Merino; Garth R. Ilsley; Julien Bobe; Costas S. Tsigenopoulos; Joseph Robertson; Peter W. Harrison; et al. (Aquaculture, 2024)

Multiple lines of evidence point to pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in small streams in five United States regions - Lisa H. Nowell; Patrick W. Moran; Ian R. Waite; Travis S. Schmidt; Paul M. Bradley; Barbara J. Mahler; Peter C. Van Metre (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

On-orbit calibration and performance of the EMIT imaging spectrometer - David R. Thompson; Robert O. Green; Christine Bradley; Philip G. Brodrick; Natalie Mahowald; Eyal Ben Dor; Matthew Bennett; Michael Bernas; Nimrod Carmon; K. Dana Chadwick; Roger N. Clark; Red Willow Coleman; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

Phytoplankton composition from sPACE: Requirements, opportunities, and challenges - Ivona Cetinić; Cecile S. Rousseaux; Ian T. Carroll; Alison P. Chase; Sasha J. Kramer; P. Jeremy Werdell; David A. Siegel; Heidi M. Dierssen; Dylan Catlett; Aimee Neeley; Inia M. Soto Ramos; Jennifer L. Wolny; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2024)

A novel deep learning-based method for automatic stereology of microglia cells from low magnification images - Hunter Morera; Palak Dave; Yaroslav Kolinko; Saeed Alahmari; Aidan Anderson; Grant Denham; Chloe Davis; Juan Riano; Dmitry Goldgof; Lawrence O. Hall; G. Jean Harry; Peter R. Mouton (Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 2024)

Exploring the pathology of liver, kidney, muscle, and stomach of fledgling seabirds associated with plastic ingestion - Peter S. Puskic; Ron Slocombe; Richard Ploeg; Lauren Roman; Mary-Anne Lea; Ian Hutton; Andrew R. Bridle (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024)

Economic impact of thermal energy storage on natural gas power with carbon capture in future electricity markets - Ethan J. Markey; Roberto Vercellino; Braden J. Limb; Maxwell Pisciotta; Joe Huyett; Shane Garland; Miles Abarr; Peter Psarras; Daniel R. Herber; Jason C. Quinn; Todd M. Bandhauer (International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2024)

What makes a cyanobacterial bloom disappear? A review of the abiotic and biotic cyanobacterial bloom loss factors - Ted D. Harris; Kaitlin L. Reinl; Marzi Azarderakhsh; Stella A. Berger; Manuel Castro Berman; Mina Bizic; Ruchi Bhattacharya; Sarah H. Burnet; Jacob A. Cianci-Gaskill; Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis; Inge Elfferich; K. Ali Ger; et al. (Harmful Algae, 2024)

Two aspects of earthworm bioturbation: Crop residue burial by foraging and surface casting in no-till management - Peter Bentley; Kevin R. Butt; Visa Nuutinen (European Journal of Soil Biology, 2024)

Fine particle pollution during megafires contains potentially toxic elements - Raissa L. Gill; Robert Fleck; Ky Chau; Mika T. Westerhausen; Thomas E. Lockwood; Jake P. Violi; Peter J. Irga; Martina A. Doblin; Fraser R. Torpy (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

The effect of flow conditions on the activity and stability of Pt/LaAlO3 perovskite catalyst during aqueous phase reforming of glycerol - Peter Nagy; Donald R. Inns; Simon A. Kondrat; Jonathan L. Wagner (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Observations of skin color aberrations in four shark species off the coast of southern California, USA - Zachary R. Skelton; Tanya S. Prinzing; Andrew P. Nosal; Zoey Vagner; Peter Demman; Phil J. Zerofski; Nicholas C. Wegner (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2024)
Skin color aberrations are naturally occurring abnormal pigment patterns that are generally rare among chondrichthyans. In this study, we highlight different skin color aberrations from observations of four shark species native to southern California, USA. We report the first recorded instance of apparent leucism (regional pigmentation loss), in a California horn shark Heterodontus francisci (Girard 1855) and tope shark Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus 1758). We also report the apparent second documented occurrence of albinism in the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman 1880) from a newly hatched captive individual with parents of normal pigmentation. Lastly, we redescribe a rare secondary color morph in the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata Girard 1855 using previous literature and new sightings/images from sharks in the wild. Color aberrations may lead to different advantages (e.g., certain color morphs may offer additional camouflage) or disadvantages (e.g., reduced pigmentation may limit camouflage and protection from ultraviolet light). Documenting these rare color aberrations augments our understanding of how color patterns can vary between individuals and taxa, and ultimately how these conditions potentially impact shark biology.

Structured decision making remains underused in ecological restoration despite opportunities - Morgan L. Piczak; Jessica A. Robichaud; Peter Morrison; Andrew M. Rous; Ingeborg M. Mulder; Cassandra J. Hill; Tanya S. Prystay; Hanna Rosner-Katz; Kelly F. Robinson; Joseph R. Bennett; Steven J. Cooke (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2024)

Woody Plant–Soil Relationships in Interstitial Spaces Have Implications for Future Forests Within and Beyond Urban Areas - Gisselle A. Mejía; Peter M. Groffman; Meghan L. Avolio; Anika R. Bratt; Jeannine Cavender-Bares; Noortje H. Grijseels; Sharon J. Hall; James Heffernan; Sarah E. Hobbie; Susannah B. Lerman; Jennifer L. Morse; Desiree L. Narango; et al. (Ecosystems, 2024)

Molecular detection of Paracoccidioides spp. in environmental samples from the Southwestern Amazon - Iasminy R. Silva Ferreira; Marcus de M. Teixeira; Atilon V. de Araújo; Eduardo Bagagli; Hans G. Garces; Leila P. Peters; Clarice M. Carvalho (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2024)

Zinc Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating Splenic Immunosuppressive Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity, Hematological Indices, and CD4+ T Cells via Inhibition of Cadmium Uptake in Male Wistar Rats - Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe; Olusanya Olasehinde; Iyiagwor P. Chimezie; Ushang R. Odobi; Chiamaka Nvene; Ekoh Faith (Biological Trace Element Research, 2024)

The relationship among acceleration, metabolism, and tail beat frequency of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) during critical swimming speed tests - Abby J. Vaughn; Garrett M. Street; Melanie R. Boudreau; Peter J. Allen (Aquaculture, 2024)

Aligning theoretical and empirical representations of soil carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry with process-based terrestrial biogeochemistry models - Katherine S. Rocci; Cory C. Cleveland; Brooke A. Eastman; Katerina Georgiou; A. Stuart Grandy; Melannie D. Hartman; Emma Hauser; Hannah Holland-Moritz; Emily Kyker-Snowman; Derek Pierson; Peter B. Reich; Else P. Schlerman; et al. (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024)

Pervasive aqueous alteration in the early Solar System revealed by potassium isotopic variations in Ryugu samples and carbonaceous chondrites - Yan Hu; Frédéric Moynier; Wei Dai; Marine Paquet; Tetsuya Yokoyama; Yoshinari Abe; Jérôme Aléon; Conel M. O'D. Alexander; Sachiko Amari; Yuri Amelin; Ken-ichi Bajo; Martin Bizzarro; et al. (Icarus, 2024)