Associations between persistent organic pollutants and thyroid-related hormones and homeostasis parameters in middle-aged to older men and postmenopausal women: The HCHS/SOL - Chibuzor Abasilim; Victoria Persky; Robert M. Sargis; Tessa Day; Konstantina Tsintsifas; Martha Daviglus; Jianwen Cai; Sally Freels; Arielle Grieco; Brandilyn A. Peters; Carmen R. Isasi; Gregory A. Talavera; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Kidney morphological changes associated with early-life carbonaceous ultrafine particle exposure: A pathomics approach - Leen Rasking; Kenneth Vanbrabant; Peiqi Sun; Maartje Vangeneugden; Martin Strauch; Roel P.F. Schins; Flemming R. Cassee; Hannelore Bové; Katrien De Vusser; Tim S. Nawrot; Alessandra Tammaro; Peter Boor; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

It's not all about PFAS: Metal(loid)s are associated with physiological and metabolic changes in a native frog from conservation wetlands - Damian C. Lettoof; Rui Wang; Brad Clarke; Nicola Gray; Samuele Sala; Nick Bourne; William R. Richmond; Helen E. Nice; Peter Novak; Brenton von Takach; Bruce L. Webber; Anna H. Kaksonen; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

The Wetland Explorer: A digital tool for improved community engagement with water quality modelling for decision-making - Catharina Landström; Helge Peters; Andrew G. Hughes; Christopher R. Jackson; Andrew A. McKenzie; Liam Spencer; Rebecca Turnpenney; John Bryden (Environmental Science & Policy, 2025)

Knock Out of miRNA-30a-5p and Reconstitution of the Actin Network Dynamics Partly Restores the Impaired Terminal Erythroid Differentiation during Blood Pharming - Jessica Thiel; Duran Sürün; Desiree C. Brändle; Madeleine Teichert; Stephan R. Künzel; Ulrike Friedrich; Andreas Dahl; Kristin Schubert; Ignacy Rzagalinski; Andrej Shevchenko; Sofia Traikov; Peter Mirtschink; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2025)

An introduction to the second of two special issues on frontiers in elasmobranch biology - A. Peter Klimley; R. Dean Grubbs; María Cristina Oddone; Ricardo S. Rosa; Guy M. W. Stevens; Nerea Lezama-Ochoa; Joshua D. Stewart; Melissa R. Cronin; Yunkai Li (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2025)

Trophic ecology of banded guitar ray Zapteryx exasperata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) during El Niño and “The Blob” in the Mexican Pacific - Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Moreno; Arturo Tripp-Valdez; Felipe Galván-Magaña; Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken; A. Peter Klimley; Antonio Delgado-Huertas (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2025)

Challenges and Strategic Recommendations for Enhancing Quantification and Projection of Forest Carbon Dynamics - Holly L. Munro; Christopher W. Woodall; William R. L. Anderegg; Jeff W. Atkins; Colin M. Beier; Bronson P. Bullock; Kendall DeLyser; David D. Diaz; Bianca N.I. Eskelson; Margaret E. K. Evans; John D. Foppert; Bryan C. Foster; et al. (Journal of Forestry, 2025)

I spy with my little eye: Humans follow a horse-specific visual search pattern when examining facial expressions of horses with different levels of pain - Debby D.M. Gudden; Inga A. Wolframm; Johannes P.A.M. van Loon; Elizabeth M. van Grevenhof; Madita Everding; Marion Y. Ballast; Peter R. Reuter; P. René van Weeren; Saskia S. Arndt (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2025)

The combined effects of site susceptibility to invasion and fire on population dynamics of the invasive tree Acacia dealbata - Cristina G. Lima; Rita Bastos; João A. Cabral; Paulo Alves; Paulo M. Fernandes; João P. Honrado; Ingolf Kühn; Eva Malta-Pinto; Elizabete Marchante; David M. Richardson; Mário Santos; Peter H. Verburg; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2025)

Contrasting Genomic Responses of Hydrothermal Vent Animals and Their Symbionts to Population Decline After the Hunga Volcanic Eruption - Corinna Breusing; Michelle A. Hauer; Ian V. Hughes; Johann S. Becker; David Casagrande; Brennan T. Phillips; Peter R. Girguis; Roxanne A. Beinart (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Genetic bottlenecks are evolutionary events that reduce the effective size and diversity of natural populations, often limiting a population's ability to adapt to environmental change. Given the accelerating human impact on ecosystems worldwide, understanding how populations evolve after a genetic bottleneck is becoming increasingly important for species conservation. Ash deposits from the 2022 Hunga volcanic eruption in the Southwest Pacific led to a drastic decline of animal symbioses associated with hydrothermal vents in this region, allowing insights into the effects of population bottlenecks in the deep sea. Here, we applied metagenomic sequencing to pre‐ and post‐eruption samples of mollusc‐microbial symbioses from the Lau Basin to investigate patterns of genetic variation and effective population size. Our data indicate that animal host populations currently show only small changes in genome‐wide diversity but in most cases experienced a long‐term decline in effective size that was likely intensified by the volcanic impact. By contrast, host‐associated symbiont populations exhibited a notable decrease in genomic variation, including potential loss of certain habitat‐specific strains. However, detection of environmental sequences resembling mollusc symbionts suggests that lost host‐associated symbiont diversity might be recovered from the free‐living symbiont pool. The differences between host and symbiont populations might be related to their contrasting genetic structures and pre‐existing levels of connectivity, although the full extent of population bottlenecks in the host animals might only be recognisable after a few generations. These results add to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of animal‐microbe populations following a natural disturbance and help assess their resilience to both natural and anthropogenic impacts.

Plant Trait Matching Occurs in Facilitative Interactions Across Global Drylands - Imke C. Smit; Peter C. le Roux; Santiago Soliveres; Nicolas Gross; Yoann Le Bagousse‐Pinguet; Hugo Saiz; Mehdi Abedi; Rodrigo Ahumada; Antonio I. Arroyo; Sergio Asensio; Richard Benoit; Niels Blaum; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Plant functional traits can influence interaction outcomes between nurse and target plants through a “functional trait match”, which occurs when the traits of nurse plants ameliorate their environment, and target plants possess traits that allow them to benefit from this ameliorated environment. We investigated how the traits of putative nurse species affect interaction outcomes across global drylands and determined the functional match that promotes facilitation. We also investigated how grazing pressure and global climatic and edaphic gradients affected this trait match. Location Global drylands. Time Period 2016–2019. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods We used a collaborative survey conducted across 29 sites from five continents, where we gathered in situ co‐occurrences of dominant species (‘nurses’) and other vascular plant species, as well as their functional traits [plant height and leaf dry matter content (LDMC)]. Climate, edaphic variables and grazing pressure were measured in situ or extracted from databases. We used a model building approach to determine the effect of dominant plant traits on interaction outcomes, and how the functional trait match between nurse and target species is affected by environmental variables. Results Tall dominant plants with conservative leaves generally had a greater positive effect on species richness and cover beneath their canopies, but these effects were strongly modulated by grazing pressure and soil pH. Target plants that were significantly associated with dominant plants tended to be shorter, and have more acquisitive leaves than dominant plants, regardless of environmental conditions. However, the difference in height and LDMC between dominant plants and negatively associated target plants was strongly affected by environmental conditions. Main Conclusions Functional traits play a significant role in determining interaction outcomes between dryland plants. Facilitation in drylands is driven by a conservative‐acquisitive trait match, a pattern observed regardless of grazing pressure, climate and soil conditions.

Climate and Land‐Use Changes Predicted to Jointly Drive Soil Fungal Diversity Losses in One‐Third of North American Coniferous Forests - Wenqi Luo; Kabir G. Peay; Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Peter B. Reich; Donald R. Zak; Kai Zhu (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Soil fungi underpin key ecosystem functions but face increasing threats from climate and land‐use changes, with their future impacts remaining unclear. This uncertainty is exacerbated by limited large‐scale data and the challenge of quantifying and comparing both factors at comparable spatial scales. By leveraging two continental‐scale sampling networks in North America and applying stacked species distribution models combined with countryside species–area relationship frameworks, we assessed the impacts of climate and land‐use change on soil fungal diversity and identified regions affected by both factors across four biomes. We projected climate and land‐use change by incorporating shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and associated greenhouse gas–induced radiative forcing, focusing on moderate‐ (SSP2–4.5) and high‐emission (SSP5–8.5) scenarios. Climate change typically led to both diversity losses and gains, particularly in coniferous forests and among arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Land‐use change predominantly caused diversity losses under SSP2–4.5, especially in broadleaf‐mixed forests and for ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, with these effects diminished under SSP5–8.5 due to minimal land‐use changes. Across emission scenarios, both factors were predicted to cause widespread diversity losses in coniferous forests (whole‐community, EM fungi, and soil saprotrophs) and grasslands (AM fungi and plant pathogens) while promoting gains in broadleaf‐mixed forests (whole‐community, EM fungi, and saprotrophs) and coniferous forests (AM fungi and pathogens). These results support the need for biome‐ and guild‐specific fungal conservation planning under global change.

Sex Drives Intraspecific Scaling of Home Range Size in Mammals - Aline Giroux; Denis Valle; Eliezer Gurarie; Marcus Vinicius Vieira; James D. Forester; Luca Börger; Raissa Sepulvida; Nicole Barbour; Erika G. da Rocha; Julia Oshima; Fernanda C. de Azevedo; Frederico G. Lemos; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Understanding variation in home range size (HR) provides important insights into the underlying ecological processes driving space use. However, it remains unclear whether the interspecific allometric scaling of mammals' HR can also be consistently observed within species and for both sexes. To address this knowledge gap, we GPS‐tracked 349 resident individuals across Brazil, encompassing 18 mammal species. We estimated individuals' HR and modelled intraspecific variation in HR against body mass (BM) and sex. While males showed a positive allometric scaling similar to interspecific findings reported in the literature (exponent = 1.23), females' BM had no statistically discernible relationship with HR. We suggest that males have greater energetic and evolutionary incentives to expand their HR with increasing BM, and more physical capacity to do so. Traditional studies on HR scaling that disregard individual sex may, in reality, reflect an average of two distinct patterns, while failing to accurately represent either one.

Establishing a basis for recognising marine ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ (OECMs) in South Africa - SP Kirkman; P Kowalski; SD Holness; LJ Atkinson; R Brand; L Dunga; TP Fairweather; T Goldman; D Marnewick; J Nhleko; R Peter; C Smith; et al. (African Journal of Marine Science, 2025)

Elevated alpha-1 antitrypsin and C-reactive protein: association on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults - Cammie Tran; Hans G. Schneider; Que T. Lam; Johannes T. Neumann; Flavia Cicuttini; Chenglong Yu; Zhen Zhou; Mark R. Nelson; Andrew M. Tonkin; Daniel Clayton-Chubb; Sultana Monira Hussain; Peter D. Fransquet; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Twelve years of fin whale song evolution in the central North Pacific - Tyler A. Helble; Regina A. Guazzo; Peter J. Dugan; Gabriela C. Alongi; Cameron R. Martin; Stephen W. Martin; E. Elizabeth Henderson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Fin whale song consists of low frequency notes arranged in regular, repeating patterns of note type pairings and inter-note intervals (INIs). In the central North Pacific, fin whales use two downswept note types (A and B notes) with both singlet and doublet INIs that are interwoven throughout a song. These song patterns have been observed to change over time. Fin whale population size, structure, distribution, and connectedness are poorly understood, but monitoring their songs can help fill these knowledge gaps. In this study, we examine fin whale song patterns and their evolution across 12 years (2011–2023) with a focus on the most recent 5.5 years (2017–2023), expanding on our previous work. Between August 2017 and March 2023, automated detection, localization, tracking, and classification methods on 33 hydrophones at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) off Kaua ’ i, Hawai ’ i enabled a detailed analysis of song patterns produced during 331 individual fin whale encounters that contained 130,402 notes. We categorized song patterns, quantified changes over time, and calculated cue rates in these fin whale tracks, detected between late fall and early spring. Five song patterns were observed, usually interwoven throughout a song with INIs of 30 s for A-A singlets, 17/32 s for A-A doublets, 34 s for B-B singlets, 16/23 s for B-B doublets, and 15/22 s for A-B doublets. A-B doublet has remained the dominant song pattern in this region and both A-B and B-A INIs have increased over time with the two INIs getting closer in recent years. While these five INI peaks persisted across seasons, certain INI distributions contained substantial variability and new patterns were observed. Our findings emphasize the need for nuanced acoustic analyses that account for note type and INIs. This analysis highlights the complexity of fin whale song and provides a robust foundation for long-term monitoring and comparative analyses across the North Pacific with song patterns serving as indicators of connectivity between different geographic regions. Ultimately this work can be applied to help define populations and the number of individuals in an area.

The ADNP-Mediated Transcriptome Response to Ketamine Impairs the Cytoskeletal Protein Axis - Claudio Peter D’Incal; Ligia Mateiu; Kevin De Man; Ellen Elinck; Illana Gozes; R. Frank Kooy (Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2025)

Dingleyomyces lloydii (Hypocreales, Polycephalomycetaceae), gen. nov., comb. nov. - Peter R. Johnston; Duckchul Park (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2025)

A comparison of the life history and distribution of vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) and its cryptic pair, sunset rockfish (S. crocotulus) along the Pacific Coast - John H. Harms; Anita Wray; John R. Hyde; Gary C. Longo; Jennifer A. Hempelmann; Anna E. Elz; R. Matthew Barnhart; James A. Benante; Aaron C. Chappell; Peter H. Frey; Colin L. Jones; Betty Kamikawa; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2025)

Direct comparison of host resistance status and Barbervax vaccination to control parasitism in sheep subjected to a mixed parasite field challenge - Nicholas M. Andronicos; Malcolm R. Knox; Jody McNally; Peter W. Hunt (Veterinary Parasitology, 2025)

Indoor plants produce negative air ions: a comparison across species, temperature and humidity - Luowen Lyu; Stephen Matheson; Nic C. Surawski; Peter J. Irga; Fraser R. Torpy (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

New approach methodologies for assessing developmental toxicity of pharmaceuticals: Case examples and future directions - Nicola Powles-Glover; Allen R. Kaczor; Steven Van Cruchten; Christopher J. Bowman; Kimberly C. Brannen; Claudia Demarta-Gatsi; Isabelle LeConte; Amer Jamalpoor; Fumito Mikashima; Shermaine Mitchell-Ryan; Dinesh Stanislaus; Peter Theunissen; et al. (Reproductive Toxicology, 2025)

The natural products magnetic resonance database (NP-MRD): comprehensive resource for natural products NMR data enabling discovery and understanding - John R. Cort; Jessica L. Bade; Roger G. Linington; Matthew Pin; Ella F. Poynton; Lloyd W. Sumner; James T. Koller; Zachary M. Tretter; Bharat Goel; David S. Wishart; Vasuk Gautam; Scott McKay; et al. (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Biodegradable mulch films exhibit slower-than-expected degradation with negligible effects on soil microbial communities - Martine Graf; Estelle Choiselat; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Athanasios Dimitriou; Qiuyun Liu; Robert M. Elias; Peter N. Golyshin; Robert Griffiths; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Stability and structure of aqueous Sb (III) chloride complexes from 25 °C to 250 °C at 25 MPa at high chloride ion concentrations - Avinaash A. Persaud; Swaroop Sasidharanpillai; Jenny S. Cox; Peter R. Tremaine (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Lichen secondary chemistry variation across environmental gradients in Arctic Alaska: Possible targets for functional trait exploration - Nicholas Zemp; Peter R. Nelson; Emily A. Holt (Fungal Ecology, 2025)

Gold nanoparticles loaded filter paper: A recyclable nanozyme for colorimetric determination of Hg2+ in tap water and beef - Melisew Tadele Alula; Peter Lemmens; Nicolette R. Hendricks-Leukes; Tiny Motalaote; Markus Etzkorn; Lindsay Robin Wilson; Felicity Babuseng (Food Control, 2025)

Amazonian trees functional adjustments to long term experimental drought are limited and species dependent - Vanessa Negrão-Rodrigues; Paulo Bittencourt; Pablo Sanchez-Martinez; Lucy Rowland; Lion R. Martius; Patrick Meir; Manolo T. Quintilhan; José Roberto V. Aragão; Victor Brigatto; Vinicius D. Oliveira; Peter Groenendijk; Arlete A. Soares; et al. (Flora, 2025)

Design and development of a python-based interface for parallel calibration of SWAT+ model at large scale using dynamically dimensioned search algorithm - Jungang Gao; Michael J. White; Natalja Čerkasova; Jeffrey G. Arnold; Peter Allen; Kelly R. Thorp; Mazdak Arabi; Joo-Hee Lee; Sagarika Rath; Celray J. Chawanda (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Valuing and accounting for water-related ecosystem services for water pricing and management: An Australian case study - Yuqing Chen; Paul Wyrwoll; Peter Burnett; R. Quentin Grafton; Michael Vardon (Ecosystem Services, 2025)

Hybrid mantle plumes with recycled and primordial nitrogen: Insights from plume-influenced basaltic glasses from Reykjanes Ridge and Rochambeau Bank - Kan Li; Michael R. Hudak; Michael W. Broadley; Molly K. Anderson; David V. Bekaert; John A. Krantz; Namitha Kumar; Manuel Pimenta Silva; Doshik Hahm; Joshua M. Curtice; Mark D. Kurz; Peter H. Barry (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Prospecting the presence of aluminum-accumulating species inhabiting temperate rainforests from southern Chile - M. Delgado; P. J. Barra; G. Habermann; D. Valdebenito; Peter R. Ryan; M. Reyes-Díaz; M. L. Mora (Plant and Soil, 2025)

Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR - Lara H. Strydom; Shannon R. Conradie; Izak P. J. Smit; Michelle Greve; Peter B. Boucher; Andrew B. Davies; Andrew E. McKechnie (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2025)
Accurately predicting exposure of animals to climate change requires evaluating the effects of warming on the microclimates they occupy. Birds, like many other taxa, make extensive use of cool microsites in vegetation during hot weather. Taking advantage of recent advances in modelling tree canopy microclimates, we combined LiDAR-based individual tree canopy mapping and biophysical modelling to evaluate the current and future availability of cool microsites in a subtropical African savanna landscape. We constructed biophysical models for two common bird species, an ~ 40-g bulbul and an ~ 200-g hornbill, and modelled exposure to conditions under which the body temperature ( T b ) of individuals resting in canopies exceeds 42 °C, equivalent to ~ 2 °C above resting thermoneutral T b . At present, 34.5% of trees taller than 2 m in our 139-ha study site provide microclimates in which resting T b remained below 42 °C for both species during our study period. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario and assuming no change in vegetation structure, by the end of the Century the availability of microsites characterized by T b < 42 °C will decrease to just 0.4% and 3.8% for bulbuls and hornbills, respectively. The proportion of trees in whose canopies bulbuls’ and hornbills’ exposure to T b > 42 °C is limited to < 10 d summer − 1 will decrease from 98 to 99% currently to 3.0% and 24.3% by end-century, respectively. These findings reveal the magnitude of changes for birds in a savanna thermal landscape under a business-as-usual emissions scenario.

Drivers of the geographical distribution of nematode-based indices across Europe - Doina Thais Constance Mani; Vera Leatitia Mulder; Carmen Vazquez Martin; Stefan Geisen; Raquel Campos-Herrera; Andrea Čerevková; Simone Cesarz; Marcel Ciobanu; Sofia R. Costa; Ron de Goede; Nico Eisenhauer; Louise Jackson; et al. (Applied Soil Ecology, 2025)

Effects of planetary wave oscillation on E-sporadic (Es) layers during the rare Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming of 2019 - Pedro A. Fontes; Marcio T.A.H. Muella; Laysa C.A. Resende; Rodolfo de Jesus; Paulo R. Fagundes; Gourav Mitra; Valdir G. Pillat; Paulo P. Batista; Ricardo A. Buriti; Emília Correia; Peter T. Muka (Advances in Space Research, 2025)

Conservation for production? The benefits of mangroves for sustainable shrimp aquaculture - Aji W. Anggoro; Miguel Castro; Muhammad Ilman; Sara Leavitt; Basir; Mariski Nirwan; Vabian Adriano; Andi Trisnawati; Topik Hidayat; Rahmadi Muis; Dzimar A. R. Prakoso; Yusuf Fajariyanto; et al. (Aquaculture International, 2025)

Environmental and Geographic Conditions on the Breeding Grounds Drive Bergmannian Clines in Nightjars - Aaron A. Skinner; Alicia M. Korpach; Susanne Åkesson; Marja H. Bakermans; Erin M. Bayne; Thomas J. Benson; Giovanni Boano; R. Mark Brigham; Simon S. Christiansen; Greg J. Conway; Christina M. Davy; Ruben Evens; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim To evaluate (1) whether three migratory nightjar species (Family Caprimulgidae) adhere to Bergmann's rule, (2) whether environmental factors on the breeding or wintering grounds determine body size, and (3) which mechanistic hypotheses best explain Bergmannian patterns in body size. Location North and South America; Europe and Africa. Taxon Eastern whip‐poor‐will ( Antrostomus vociferus ), Common nighthawk ( Chordeiles minor ) and European nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeus ). Methods We used GPS tracking and morphometric data to assess competing hypotheses explaining variation in body size for each species, based on their breeding ( n = 3388) and wintering ( n = 189) locations. Results All three species exhibited Bergmannian patterns in body size, providing the first evidence that nightjars conform to Bergmann's rule despite adaptations to severe environmental conditions. Environmental and geographic variables at breeding sites were stronger predictors of body size than wintering‐site variables. Although we found partial support for Bergmann's temperature regulation hypothesis, geographic variables, rather than specific environmental factors, emerged as the strongest predictors of body size variation. Main Conclusions Latitude and longitude correlated strongly with environmental variables and migratory distance; thus, these geographical variables likely encompass many factors that influence body size in nightjars. The present study is among the first to use tracking data from individual birds to understand how environmental pressures across the annual cycle are related to body size. Our findings highlight the critical role of geographic breeding‐ground factors in shaping Bergmannian patterns, offering robust evidence to support nearly two centuries of research since Bergmann's rule was first described in 1847.

Surface-based morphometry reveals divergent aging trajectories in veterans with and without traumatic brain injury - Michelle C. Eliason; Amrutha Bindu Nagella; Cristian Cuadra; David S. Wack; Ghazala T. Saleem; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowki; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Obituary for Professor Jack D. Cowan - Bard Ermentrout; Terrence J. Sejnowski; Peter J. Thomas; Hugh R. Wilson (Biological Cybernetics, 2025)

Extension of lifespan by epicatechin, halofuginone and mitoglitazone in male but not female genetically heterogeneous mice - Randy Strong; James F. Nelson; Molly A. Bogue; Jerry R. Colca; Martin Denzel; Vivian Diaz; Brian N. Finck; Vadim N. Gladyshev; Steve Horvath; Nisi Jiang; Tracy Keller; Rolf F. Kletzien; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Mice bred in 2021 were tested by the Interventions Testing Program (ITP) for possible lifespan benefits of 2BAct (2BA), dichloroacetate (DCA), Epicatechin (EPI), Forskolin (FSK), Halofuginone (HAL) and Mitoglitazone (MIT). All agents were administered in the diet ad libitum beginning at 7 months of age. In male mice, EPI increased median lifespan by ~ 5%, and HAL and MIT each increased median lifespan by ~ 9%. EPI and HAL, but not MIT, increased 90% survival. In addition to adding 3 new agents to the list of interventions identified by the ITP that extend lifespan, this report continues the strong male bias in the efficacy of life-extending drugs identified so far.

Temporal dynamics of microbial communities in anaerobic digestion: Influence of temperature and feedstock composition on reactor performance and stability - Ellen Piercy; Xinyang Sun; Peter R. Ellis; Mark Taylor; Miao Guo (Water Research, 2025)

P24-22 Simulating Human Exposure to Endosulfan, Mancozeb, and Glyphosate Across Multiple Routes Using a Scenario-Based Modeling Framework - P. Falakdin; S. Sabzevari; P. Bos; J. van Engelen; M. Kennedy; S. Peters; R. Vermeulen; D. Figueiredo (Toxicology Letters, 2025)

Nitrogen fixation in Pampinifervens, a new species-rich genus of Aquificaceae that inhabits a wide pH range in terrestrial hot springs - Marike Palmer; Nancy O. Nou; Lara A. Turello; Carolyn E. Power; John C. Ong; Jonathan K. Covington; Dengxun Lai; Xavier Mayali; Anna-Louise Reysenbach; Yan-Ling Qi; Jeremy A. Dodsworth; Jian-Yu Jiao; et al. (Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2025)

PCB 37 (3,4, 4’-trichlorobiphenyl) increased apoptosis and modulated neuronal morphogenesis in primary rat cortical neuron-glia cocultures in a concentration-, sex-, age-, and CREB-dependent manner - Jessie R. Badley; Peter M. Andrew; Hans-Joachim Lehmler; Pamela J. Lein (NeuroToxicology, 2025)

A comparison of three nutritional models for estimating total metabolisable energy requirements for a ewe, beef breeding cow, lamb, and a calf/yearling in New Zealand’s pasture-only system - Joseph A. Adjabui; Patrick H.C. Morel; Stephen T. Morris; Paul R. Kenyon; Peter R. Tozer (Livestock Science, 2025)

Shrinking channels, growing threats: Habitat degradation from channel narrowing and invasive vegetation in three dryland rivers - Benjamin J. Miller; Mark C. McKinstry; Peter R. Wilcock; William W. Macfarlane; Steven Bassett; Phaedra Budy; Casey A. Pennock (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Winter-Spring dynamics of dissolved organic carbon fluxes driven by precipitation in a North Carolina tidal marsh - Marie Cindy Lebrasse; Blake A. Schaeffer; DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl; Christopher L. Osburn; Megan M. Coffer; Ruoying He; Peter J. Whitman; Wilson B. Salls; David D. Graybill (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Assessment of the impact of growing conditions and of key crop-husbandry practices on arabinoxylan content in wheat flour - Maria Chiara Piro; Julie Van de Vondel; Kurt Gebruers; Hilde Muylle; Alison Lovegrove; Peter R. Shewry; Jan A. Delcour; Geert Haesaert (European Journal of Agronomy, 2025)

Links between poverty, climate-induced migration and deforestation in western Madagascar - Herizo T. Andrianandrasana; Nikoleta Jones; Fabiola F. Viraina; Chrysovalantis Malesios; Marco Campera; Sama Zefania; Peter R. Long; Stéphanie Panichelli-Batalla; Nigel M. Richardson; Jessica Savage (Environmental Development, 2025)

Artificial intelligence – based approaches based on random forest algorithm for signal analysis: Potential applications in detection of chemico - biological interactions - Igor V. Pantic; Jovana Paunovic Pantic; Svetlana Valjarevic; Peter R. Corridon; Nikola Topalovic (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2025)

Foliar disease resistance phenomics of fungal pathogens: image-based approaches for mapping quantitative resistance in cereal germplasm - Matthew Ulrich; Linda Brain; Jianqiao Zhang; Anthony R. Gendall; Stefanie Lück; Dimitar Douchkov; Eden Tongson; Peter M. Dracatos (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025)
Host plant resistance is the most effective and environmentally sustainable means of reducing yield losses caused by fungal foliar pathogens of cereal species. Cereal genebank collections hold diverse pools of potentially underutilized disease resistance alleles, and cereal genomic resources are well advanced due to large-scale sequencing and genotyping efforts. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have emerged as the predominant association genetics technique to initially discover novel disease resistance loci or alleles in these diverse collections. Traditional disease resistance phenotyping methods are reliant on visual estimation of disease symptom severity and have successfully supported genetic mapping studies either via GWAS or QTL mapping in biparental populations facilitating both marker development and gene cloning efforts. Due to foliar pathogens having a high capacity to evolve, there is a need to pyramid disease resistance genes with diverse mechanisms for durable control. Resistance expressed as a quantitative trait, known as quantitative resistance (QR), is hypothesized to be more durable, unlike major R -gene resistance that is race-specific and can be vulnerable to breaking down without gene stewardship. However, assessing QR visually is challenging, particularly when complicated by complex genotype × environment ( G × E ) effects in the field. High-throughput image-based phenotyping provides accurate and unbiased data that can support foliar disease resistance screening efforts of genebank collections using GWAS. In this review, we discuss image-based disease phenotyping based on macroscopic (visible symptoms) and microscopic features during the host–pathogen interaction. Quantitative image analysis approaches using conventional and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are also discussed.

Introgression of stem rust resistance gene Sr68 from Thinopyrum junceum into wheat - Swarupa Nanda Mandal; Baljeet K. Gill; Zhixia Niu; Qijun Zhang; Daryl L. Klindworth; Santiago Bataller; Matthew N. Rouse; Yue Jin; Richard R. C. Wang; Xiwen Cai; Xiaofei Zhang; Roger Thilmony; et al. (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025)

A review of the utility and application of relatedness and kinship in elasmobranchs - Samuel R. Amini; Pierre Feutry; Nicole M. Phillips; Peter M. Kyne (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2025)
Understanding relatedness is fundamental to the fields of reproductive and social behaviour, trait-based analysis, population connectivity, and threatened species management. While relatedness has been studied in a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic taxa, research is often limited for species that are difficult to sample or persist in low densities. Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are one the most imperilled vertebrate clades in the world, with one third of all species being threatened with extinction. In this review, we examine the application of relatedness in studies of elasmobranchs, explore common challenges and limitations faced, provide best practice recommendations, and highlight knowledge gaps to guide future work. A systematic search identified 107 studies published between 2001 and November 2024 that focus on 65 species from 10 orders and 25 families. These studies used relatedness to investigate the reproductive behaviour, population genetics, demography, and social behaviour of elasmobranchs. Results highlight significant taxonomic biases, temporal patterns in marker use and research categories, and the need for a unified analytical framework to guide future work. This review provides a foundation for understanding how relatedness has been applied to date in studies of elasmobranchs and outlines future directions to advance the field.

A retrospective comparison of [18F]FDG radiation dose following a transition from conventional to long axial field of view PET/CT - Wei-Ting Jacky Chen; William I. D. Rae; Peter L. Kench; Kathy P. Willowson; Dale L. Bailey; Elizabeth A. Bailey; Heidi Fearnside; Eleanor Kelliher; Steven R. Meikle (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2025)
Long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanners (> 1 m axial FOV) provide an order of magnitude higher system sensitivity compared with conventional scanners. This creates opportunities for significant radiation dose reductions for patients, without loss of diagnostic image quality or increased scan time. This study aimed to investigate changes in radiation dose received by patients undergoing whole-body [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT studies at a metropolitan hospital following the transition from the Siemens Biograph mCT (21.8 cm axial FOV) to the Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra LAFOV PET/CT (106 cm axial FOV). For the mCT and Quadra, 484 and 554 patient studies were reviewed, respectively. The radiation dose from the PET component was derived from the recorded FDG dose, calculated based on ICRP recommendations, and scaled to patient weight. The CT dose was derived from the dose-length product. The median effective dose from the PET component for the mCT and Quadra was 6.2 (IQR 5.5–6.9) and 2.9 (IQR 2.8–3.6) mSv, respectively, and 5.7 (IQR 5.1–6.5) and 2.8 (IQR 2.4–3.4) mSv, respectively, when scaled to patient weight. The median effective dose from the CT component for the mCT and Quadra was 7.7 (IQR 6.2–9.4) and 7.6 (IQR 5.9–9.4) mSv, respectively. The total median effective dose combining PET and CT components for the mCT and Quadra was 13.9 (IQR 12.4–15.7) and 10.5 (IQR 9.4–12.3) mSv, respectively, and 13.5 (IQR 12.4–15.0) and 10.3 (IQR 9.3–11.9) mSv, respectively, when scaled to patient weight. While the effective dose from PET was approximately halved due to reduced injected activity, the CT effective dose remained relatively unchanged and is now the dominant source of radiation dose to the patient for LAFOV PET/CT.

Validation of a novel multi-exercise approach to isometric resistance training in normotensive adults - Ben H. Wright; Peter G. W. Jones; Mark R. Antrobus; Anthony W. Baross (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)
Purpose Short- to long-term isometric resistance training (IRT) can produce clinically meaningful reductions in resting blood pressure, but established methods are costly or require laboratory access. An affordable method could improve accessibility; however, there is a need to establish efficacy and safety prior to prescription as an alternative IRT method. This study aims to determine whether a novel isometric training band (ITB) can elicit cardiovascular (CV) responses (blood pressure [BP] and heart rate [HR]) comparable with those of established methods. Methods Fifteen normotensive adults (systolic [sBP]; 120 ± 3 mmHg, diastolic [dBP]; 71 ± 6 mmHg) completed a single 2-min isometric handgrip contraction (IHG) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by 2-min contractions for four individual ITB exercises at a self-determined intensity to replicate perceived exertion (CR-10) during IHG. A further 15 normotensive participants (sBP; 118 ± 6 mmHg, dBP; 68 ± 7 mmHg) completed bouts of IRT (IHG, 4 × 2 min at 30% MVC; ITB, 4 × 2 min at imposed CR-10 values [4–5]), with CV responses compared between bouts. Results No differences in BP responses were detected between IHG and each ITB exercise ( P > 0.05). CR-10 values and HRs were comparable between the individual IHG contraction and three ITB exercises ( P > 0.05). Between bouts, regulating contraction intensity through imposed CR-10 values resulted in comparable BP responses ( P > 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that a novel ITB and associated protocol may serve as versatile, inclusive, and accessible alternative method for performing IRT.

Migration Delays at Head-of-Tide Weirs are a Function of Tidal Cycles and River Flows in Anadromous Twaite Shad Alosa fallax - Mark I. A. Yeldham; J. Robert Britton; Charles Crundwell; Peter Davies; Jamie R. Dodd; Chris Grzesiok; Andrew D. Nunn; Randolph Velterop; Jonathan D. Bolland (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
Riverine barriers can have significant negative impacts on the spawning migrations of anadromous fishes, with barriers of low passage efficiency limiting access to upstream spawning areas. Even fish that pass a barrier can be negatively affected via migration delays and energetic costs. The spawning migrations of 74 twaite shad Alosa fallax were tracked at two head-of-tide weirs on a bifurcated channel in the River Severn’s upper estuary, western England, to test how barriers in tidal areas can affect river entry and incur migration delays. Although the weirs had a combined passage efficiency of 98.9%, median passage time was 19.8 h, with the longest passage time being 16.8 days, and those passing fastest being relatively large fish that approached during spring tides and higher river flows. A higher proportion of fish approached and passed the weir on the larger channel that generally had the dominant flow, yet the weir on the other channel had the higher probability of passage, with the effect of elevated river levels being less important, and individuals approaching this weir were less delayed. With river level being a function of the cyclical nature of the lunar and daily tidal cycles, temporal variation in passage efficiencies was predictable. As the environmental conditions that stimulated the entry of fish into the upper estuary were largely unrelated to the conditions facilitating weir passage, there was a high potential for migration delays at these barriers that potentially incurred considerable energetic costs.

Correction to: Integrating solid stem and multiple disease resistance for developing climate-resilient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - P. Shajitha; R. Nisha; M. Sivasamy; P. Jayaprakash; V. K. Vikas; K. Gajalakshmi; Niharikha Mallick; Prashanth Babu; Rajbir Yadav; S. Vijaishree; K. Akileshwaran; John Peter; et al. (Cereal Research Communications, 2025)

Integrating solid stem and multiple disease resistance for developing climate-resilient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - P. Shajitha; R. Nisha; M. Sivasamy; P. Jayaprakash; V. K. Vikas; K. Gajalakshmi; Niharikha Mallick; Prashanth Babu; Rajbir Yadav; S. Vijaishree; K. Akileshwaran; John Peter; et al. (Cereal Research Communications, 2025)

Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites - David E Reed; Housen Chu; Brad G. Peter; Jiquan Chen; Michael Abraha; Brian Amiro; Ray G. Anderson; M. Altaf Arain; Paulo Arruda; Greg A. Barron-Gafford; Carl Bernacchi; Daniel P. Beverly; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2025)

Strong Bottlenecks Constrain Adaptive Coevolution in a Host–Parasite Metapopulation - Pascal Angst; Christoph R. Haag; Frida Ben‐Ami; Peter D. Fields; Dieter Ebert (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Although parasites are well‐known for adaptively evolving in order to exploit their hosts, they may experience strong genetic drift during transmission bottlenecks when infecting a new host. Host population structure and host population bottlenecks can also lead to genetic drift effects in parasite populations, constraining their adaptive evolution further. Here, we investigate the role of host population structure on the evolution of the microsporidian parasite Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis in a dynamic metapopulation of its microcrustacean host Daphnia magna . In following whole‐genome allele frequencies of 59 host and parasite subpopulations for up to 10 years, we found that both antagonists showed patterns of co‐dispersal and isolation‐by‐distance, but allele frequencies were much more dynamic in the host, where we found signatures of recurrent genetic bottlenecks. In the parasite, we observed high levels of shared heterozygosity among subpopulations but also subpopulation‐specific runs of homozygosity (ROHs). We hypothesise that deleterious ROHs, which originate from loss of heterozygosity events during asexual recombination, are fixed in subpopulations following host‐mediated parasite population bottlenecks when host and parasite co‐disperse into a habitat patch where the parasite is not yet present. Thus, host population structure and metapopulation dynamics leave a clearly traceable genomic signature in the coevolving parasite. Contrary to the prevailing assumption that parasites evolve at higher rates than their hosts, our study not only suggests that parasites can evolve more slowly than their host, but also that host dynamics can accelerate drift processes in the parasite.

Panmictic Panacea? Demonstrating Good Practices for Developing Spatial Stock Assessments Through Application to Alaska Sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ) - Matthew L. H. Cheng; Craig A. Marsh; Daniel R. Goethel; Peter‐John F. Hulson; Katy Echave; Benjamin C. Williams; Aaron M. Berger; Curry J. Cunningham (Fish and Fisheries, 2025)
Marine species and associated fisheries demonstrate complex spatial dynamics driven by biological, ecosystem and socioeconomic factors and integrating these spatial dynamics into stock assessment models can improve fishery management advice. While preliminary good practices for developing spatial stock assessment models have been proposed, comprehensive demonstrations applying these practices remain limited. Drawing on these good practices, we provide an end‐to‐end demonstration of developing a spatial stock assessment using Alaska sablefish ( Anoplopoma fimbria ). Our demonstration emphasises the utility of high‐resolution data analysis and conceptual models for informing key model structure decisions, the joint development of spatial and spatially‐aggregated models to enhance understanding of population dynamics, and the need for further guidance on integrating tagging data and diagnostic tools in spatial assessments. Spatial models highlighted regional differences in sablefish biomass, recruitment and age structure, but total population estimates generally aligned with outputs from spatially aggregated models. Moreover, the spatial model identified ontogenetic movement patterns for this highly mobile species. Overall, the spatially aggregated model for Alaska sablefish is likely adequate for management advice, but periodic spatial model updates could offer insights into spatial dynamics and regional depletion levels. Thus, we recommend concomitant use of both models: spatially aggregated models for informing population‐wide status, and spatial models for informing spatial fishery dynamics and local depletion. The sablefish application represents one of the first implementations of a spatial stock assessment using recently proposed good practices, serving as a valuable guide for future practitioners by underscoring critical decision points and analyses to address them when developing spatial stock assessments.

Future eruptions of the Kolumbo volcanic field: prognosis with hazard and risk assessment - R. Stephen J. Sparks; Giorgios Vougioukalakis; William P. Aspinall; Augusto Neri; Andreas Antonakos; Peter J. Baxter; Andrea Bevilacqua; Matteo Cerminara; Mattia de’Michieli Vitturi; Lorella Francalanci; Anna Koutroulli; Fukashi Maeno; et al. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2025)
The Kolumbo submarine volcanic field consists of at least 24 monogenetic cones and a polygenetic central volcano which erupted in 1650 CE. The prognosis, hazards and risks from future eruptions are assessed by structured expert judgement informed by knowledge of the volcanic history, structure and eruptive products, hazards modelling and global knowledge of submarine volcanism. There are significant knowledge gaps leading to large uncertainties in this assessment, characterised quantitatively by 90% uncertainty intervals (UI) in elicitation responses. The median assessed probability of eruption in the next 30 years is low at 0.75% (90% UI 0.4% to 14%) but the upper, 95th percentile value indicates the probability could be as high as 1 in 7 chance. The magnitude of an eruption in the next 30 years is mostly likely to be smaller than that of 1650 CE, but there is a significant chance it could be as large as 1650 CE. A future eruption could generate several high impact hazards including tsunamis, lethal gas clouds, pyroclastic density currents, widespread tephra fall and associated earthquakes. Nearby islands are threatened and in particular Santorini. In the tourist high season, the exposed population on Santorini may exceed 80,000 people. Vulnerability is high especially along the eastern coast which may be affected by tsunami and gas cloud hazards. Transport, telecommunications, power supplies and water resources are likely to be severely disrupted and even cease to function. For tsunami hazards individual risk of death in threatened areas is high and societal risk is very high if there is an ongoing eruption and exceeds what might be judged acceptable by factors of over 100.

Is there something fishy about that litter? A UK case study on abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear - Josie Russell; Jon Barry; Peter Randall; Briony Silburn; Alexandra R. McGoran; Charlotte Reeve; Rui Vieira; Holly A. Nel (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Constraining the timing and climate forcing of the Long Island (Papua New Guinea) and Tarumae (Japan) eruptions and other 17th century volcanic eruptions - Imogen Gabriel; Helen M. Innes; Peter M. Abbott; Jörg Franke; Melanie Behrens; Nathan J. Chellman; Maria Hörhold; William Hutchison; Joseph R. McConnell; Birthe Twarloh; Michael Sigl (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2025)

Pesticides in soils as a source of residues in food after two years conversion to organic farming - Albrecht Benzing; Hans-Peter Piepho; Waqas A. Malik; Maria R. Finckh; Peter Fantke (Environmental Research, 2025)

Greenspace proximity in relation to sleep health among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of US women - Symielle A. Gaston; Marina Sweeney; Shubhangi Patel; Viniece Jennings; Gregory N. Bratman; Erline Martinez-Miller; W. Braxton Jackson; Rena R. Jones; Peter James; Diana Grigsby-Toussaint; Dale P. Sandler; Chandra L. Jackson (Environmental Research, 2025)

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and PFAS in global surface waters: A meta-analysis-based review - Joshua R. Monk; Peter S. Hooda; Rosa Busquets; Douglas Sims (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Transcription-coupled repair of crosslinking DNA damage - Rebecca Roddan; Lucy R. Henderson; Malitha Ratnaweera; Peter J. McHugh (DNA Repair, 2025)

Expansion microscopy reveals thylakoid organisation alterations due to genetic mutations and far-red light acclimation - Jarne Berentsen; Peter R. Bos; Emilie Wientjes (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2025)

Relating surface water dynamics in wetlands and lakes to spatial variability in hydrologic signatures - Melanie K. Vanderhoof; Peter Nieuwlandt; Heather E. Golden; Charles R. Lane; Jay R. Christensen; William Keenan; Wayana Dolan (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2025)
The retention of surface water in wetlands and lakes can modify the timing, duration, and magnitude of river discharge. However, efforts to characterize the influence of surface water on discharge regimes have been generally limited to small, wetland-dense watersheds. We developed random forest models to explain spatial variability in six hydrologic signatures, reflecting flashiness, high, and low flow conditions, at 72 gaged watersheds with variable water storage capacity across the conterminous United States. In addition to variables representing meteorology and landscape characteristics, we also tested the inclusion of surface water dynamics, derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2. Models for all six signatures improved with the addition of catchment characteristics, including surface water dynamics, relative to models with only climate variables. Percent improvement in model adjusted R 2 , mean square error, and Akaike information criterion ranged from 4.00 to 14.33%, 5.00 to 20.30%, and 2.75–8.14, respectively. Automated variable selection can be indicative of the relative importance of certain variables over others. Using a forward selection process, five of the six signature models selected remotely sensed inundation or wetland variables ( p < 0.05). For example, the variable semi-permanent and permanent (SP + P) floodplain inundation (i.e., lakes along rivers) was associated with lower annual flashiness. Further, SP + P non-floodplain waters and geographically isolated wetlands significantly contributed to explaining variability in the low flow signatures. Our findings underscore the capacity of wetlands to stabilize and maintain flows during dry periods. Improved understanding of how surface water dynamics influence hydrologic signatures can inform wetland restoration efforts and facilitate improved resilience to extreme flow conditions.

Quantification of the difference in hounsfield units of an electron density phantom between a conventional and standing computed tomography machine - Catherine Beck; Ashleigh V. Morrice-West; Peter Muir; Peta L. Hitchens; R. Christopher Whitton (Veterinary Research Communications, 2025)
In human CT imaging, opportunistic calculation of bone mineral density (BMD) is used to screen for osteoporosis, where BMD is estimated by Hounsfield Units (HU). There is potential to use HU for estimation of BMD in veterinary imaging. However, HU values can vary between different machines and over time. We undertook a serial measurements study to determine (1) the extent of the difference of the mean HU and noise (HU standard deviation) of eight regions of interest (ROI) of an electron density phantom scanned on two CT machines, a Siemens CT (conventional) machine and the Equina by Asto CT (standing) machine; and (2) to determine if the HU values obtained on each machine differed over time. The mean HU from 30 scans of an electron density phantom were generated from each of the two CT machines ( N = 60; conventional and standing). Differences between machines were assessed using a linear mixed effects model. The mean HU of each positive value ROI from the conventional machine was decreased compared with the standing machine ( P < 0.001) and the difference was greatest for the denser phantom inserts. A calibration curve equation utilising the four bone-equivalent insert plugs of the phantom, with known calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) concentration, was generated using linear regression to represent CaHA, and therefore BMD, for the conventional machine (CaHA = -29.58 + 0.98xROI mean ) and the standing machine (CaHA = -54.53 + 0.95xROI mean ). For opportunistic calculation of BMD from HU in horses, the differences in HU observed between different CT machines warrants calibration of HU using a bone equivalent phantom.

Correction: Aquiferous system, filtration rates, and hydrodynamics of the syconoid calcareous sponge Urna sp. - Josephine Goldstein; Nicklas Bisbo; Peter Funch; Nicoline D. Daugaard; Poul S. Larsen; Jonathan R. Brewer; Hans Ulrik Riisgård (Marine Biology, 2025)

Marker trait association analysis identified a novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Dagnachew Bekele; Kassahun Tesfaye; Asnake Fikre; Noelia C. Garcia; Peter L. Chang; Douglas R. Cook (Euphytica, 2025)

Wildfire‐Induced Losses of Soil Particulate and Mineral‐Associated Organic Carbon Persist for Over 4 Years in a Chaparral Ecosystem - Alexander H. Krichels; Elizah Z. Stephens; Chloe Reid; M. Fabiola Pulido Barriga; Maria E. Ordoñez; Jennie R. McLaren; Meg Kargul; Loralee Larios; Sydney I. Glassman; Peter M. Homyak (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Wildfires can lower soil carbon (C) stocks directly through combustion, but also indirectly during post‐fire recovery if microbial C demands outpace photosynthetic C inputs. However, how much C is respired by soil microorganisms post‐fire may depend on wildfire effects on particulate organic carbon (POC; mostly plant material accessible to microbes) and/or mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC; considered C protected by minerals from decomposers), meaning assessment of wildfire impacts on these pools is necessary to predict microbial decomposition rates and, thus, the fate of soil C. Here, we measured POC, MAOC, pyrogenic organic matter C, plant cover, extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), and microbial community abundance and composition 17 days, and 1, 3, and 4 years after the Holy Fire burned 94 km 2 of fire‐adapted chaparral. The wildfire immediately decreased POC by 50% (from 51 ± 21 to 26 ± 6 g C kg −1 ) and MAOC by 33% (from 9.3 ± 0.9 to 6.3 ± 0.9 g C kg −1 ), consistent with MAOC being less vulnerable to loss than POC. POC decreased by another 38% 1 year post‐fire, consistent with increases in microbial abundance and EEA suggesting increased microbial decomposition. Between 1 and 4 years after the fire, cover of the dominant shrub ( Arctostaphylos glandulosa ) increased from 3.9% ± 1.6% to 16% ± 5.4% (compared to 58% ± 4.6% in unburned plots), marking the end of net soil C losses. Still, soil C did not increase between 1 and 4 years post‐fire, suggesting plant C inputs did not outpace microbial respiration, a finding consistent with isotopically heavier C from microorganisms raising bulk soil δ 13 C values. As global changes favor increases in wildfire frequency and severity, C losses via combustion and decomposition may outpace plant C inputs during the first 4 years post‐fire in chaparral, slowing the replenishment of soil C stocks.

Effects of land cover and protected areas on flying insect diversity - James S. Sinclair; Dominik Buchner; Mark O. Gessner; Jörg Müller; Steffen U. Pauls; Stefan Stoll; Ellen A. R. Welti; Claus Bässler; Jörn Buse; Frank Dziock; Julian Enss; Thomas Hörren; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Widespread insect losses are a critical global problem. Mitigating this problem requires identifying the principal drivers across different taxa and determining which insects are covered by protected areas. However, doing so is hindered by missing information on most species owing to extremely high insect diversity and difficulties in morphological identification. To address this knowledge gap, we used one of the most comprehensive insect DNA metabarcoding data sets assembled (encompassing 31,846 flying insect species) in which data were collected from a network of 75 Malaise traps distributed across Germany. Collection sites encompass gradients of land cover, weather, and climate, along with differences in site protection status, which allowed us to gain broader insights into how insects respond to these factors. We examined changes in total insect biomass, species richness, temporal turnover, and shifts in the composition of taxa, key functional groups (pollinators, threatened species, and invasive species), and feeding traits. Lower insect biomass generally equated to lower richness of all insects and higher temporal turnover, suggesting that biomass loss translates to biodiversity loss and less stable communities. Spatial variability in insect biomass and composition was primarily driven by land cover, rather than weather or climate change. As vegetation and land‐cover heterogeneity increased, insect biomass increased by 50% in 2019 and 56% in 2020 and total species richness by 58% and 33%, respectively. Similarly, areas with low‐vegetation habitats exhibited the highest richness of key taxa, including pollinators and threatened species, and the widest variety of feeding traits. However, these habitats tended to be less protected despite their higher diversity. Our results highlight the value of heterogeneous low vegetation for promoting overall insect biomass and diversity and that better protection of insects requires improved protection and management of unforested areas, where many biodiversity hotspots and key taxa occur.

The progressive evolution of cold-adapted species - John R. Stewart; Inger G. Alsos; Antony G. Brown; Love Dalén; Peter D. Heintzman (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

Reimagining species on the move across space and time - Alexa L. Fredston; Morgan W. Tingley; Montague H.C. Neate-Clegg; Luke J. Evans; Laura H. Antão; Natalie C. Ban; I-Ching Chen; Yi-Wen Chen; Lise Comte; David P. Edwards; Birgitta Evengard; Belen Fadrique; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

Mortality rate and causes of death in inborn errors of immunity: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Saba Fekrvand; Zahra Hamidi Esfahani; Mohammadmehdi Yarahmadi; Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni; Helia Salehi; Ali Hakimelahi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Mahshid Rahmati; Sanaz Afshar-Ghasemlou; Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard; Fateme Tarighat Monfared; Ehsan Khoshnezhad Afkham; et al. (Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research, 2025)

Eukaryote biodiversity in supratidal microbialite pools: A foundational environmental DNA assessment - Arsalan Emami-Khoyi; Claudia M. Schnelle; Dave R. Clark; Silke Laakmann; Peter R. Teske; Gavin M. Rishworth (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Development of diagnostic markers for the disease susceptibility gene Tsn1 in wheat reveals novel resistance alleles and a new locus required for ToxA sensitivity - Katherine L. D. Running; Krishna Acharya; Tiana M. Roth; Gurminder Singh; Agnes Szabo-Hever; Amanda R. Peters Haugrud; Jason D. Fiedler; Timothy L. Friesen; Justin D. Faris (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025)

Partial amelioration of a chronic cigarette-smoke-induced phenotype in mice by switching to electronic cigarettes - Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Katherine R. Landwehr; Luke J. Berry; Emma de Jong; Rachel R. Huxley; Arthur Musk; Peter J. Franklin; Benjamin J. Mullins (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)
Electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) are often marketed as smoking cessation tools and are used by smokers to reduce/quit cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to assess the health effects of switching to e-cigarettes after long-term smoking in a mouse model and compare these effects with continued smoking, or quitting entirely. Adult BALB/c mice were whole-body exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke (2 h/day, 5 days/week) for 12 weeks prior to switching to flavoured e-cigarette aerosol (50:50 propylene glycol and glycerine) containing 18 mg/mL nicotine (2 h/day and 5 days/week), continuing cigarette smoking (2 h/day and 5 days/week), or quitting entirely for an additional 2 weeks. We then assessed a range of respiratory health outcomes including lung function and structure, pulmonary inflammation and changes in gene expression in the lung. Switching to e-cigarettes led to improvements in some aspects of respiratory health in mice compared with continued smoking, such as reduced neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. However, total cellular lung inflammation was still elevated and lung function was still impaired, in terms of airway responsiveness to methacholine, for e-cigarette use compared with quitting. Larger effects were typically seen in female mice compared to male. This study shows that switching to e-cigarettes after long-term cigarette smoking leads to improvements in some aspects of respiratory health, such as neutrophilic inflammation and the volume dependence of lung function compared with continued smoking. However, switching to e-cigarettes was not as effective as quitting smoking entirely.

Quantification of In Situ Ulnar Nerve Strain and Constraint Tension in the Forearm - Mark Carl Miller; Patrick J. Schimoler; Harsh Shah; Alexander Kharlamov; R. David Graham; Carol Armstrong; Andrew Wroblewski; Yue Yin; Peter Tang (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

Integrating Microbial Community Data Into an Ecosystem‐Scale Model to Predict Litter Decomposition in the Face of Climate Change - Katherine S. Rocci; Derek Pierson; Fiona V. Jevon; Alexander Polussa; Angela M. Oliverio; Mark A. Bradford; Peter B. Reich; William R. Wieder (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Litter decomposition is an important ecosystem process and global carbon flux that has been shown to be controlled by climate, litter quality, and microbial communities. Process‐based ecosystem models are used to predict responses of litter decomposition to climate change. While these models represent climate and litter quality effects on litter decomposition, they have yet to integrate empirical microbial community data into their parameterizations for predicting litter decomposition. To fill this gap, our research used a comprehensive leaf litterbag decomposition experiment at 10 temperate forest U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites to calibrate (7 sites) and validate (3 sites) the MIcrobial‐MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model. MIMICS was calibrated to empirical decomposition rates and to their empirical drivers, including the microbial community (represented as the copiotroph‐to‐oligotroph ratio). We calibrate to empirical drivers, rather than solely rates or pool sizes, to improve the underlying drivers of modeled leaf litter decomposition. We then validated the calibrated model and evaluated the effects of calibration under climate change using the SSP 3–7.0 climate change scenario. We find that incorporating empirical drivers of litter decomposition provides similar, and sometimes better (in terms of goodness‐of‐fit metrics), predictions of leaf litter decomposition but with different underlying ecological dynamics. For some sites, calibration also increased climate change‐induced leaf litter mass loss by up to 5%, with implications for carbon cycle‐climate feedbacks. Our work also provides an example for integrating data on the relative abundance of bacterial functional groups into an ecosystem model using a novel calibration method to bridge empiricism and process‐based modeling, answering a call for the use of empirical microbial community data in process‐based ecosystem models. We highlight that incorporating mechanistic information into models, as done in this study, is important for improving confidence in model projections of ecological processes like litter decomposition under climate change.

The role of mangroves in early-life trophic interactions supporting fishery production in the Galapagos - José Pontón-Cevallos; Anna-Maria Vafeiadou; Nicolas Moity; Jorge Ramírez-González; María José Rendón; Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova; Tom Moens; Jorge R. Bermudez-Monsalve; Peter Goethals (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Mangrove nurseries are crucial for fishery production, supplying energy and nutrients via leaf organic matter in food webs. Recent stable isotope studies emphasize the nutritional value of mangrove detritus, especially for leaf-eating crabs, while algae remain important for other consumers in the ecosystem. In the Galapagos Islands, protected shorelines with mature mangrove forests may significantly contribute to secondary production. In this study, we measured carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹ 5 N) stable isotope ratios from primary producers (e.g., mangroves, epiphytes, benthic algae), coastal sediments, and consumers (including fish larvae, epibenthic, and zooplanktonic crustaceans). We used Bayesian mixing models to assess the relative importance of food sources across six protected shorelines on Santa Cruz and Isabela Islands, representing different biogeographic origins. We also examined environmental drivers and habitat conditions influencing spatial variation in resource partitioning among consumers. Our results reveal distinct dietary patterns: ‘δ¹³C-depleted’ consumers (e.g., crab larvae, post-flexion fish larvae) relied heavily on mangroves and epiphytes, with terrestrial inputs exceeding 25%; whereas ‘δ¹³C-enriched’ consumers (e.g., polychaetes, caridean shrimps) primarily fed on microphytobenthos, macroalgae, and ¹³C-rich organic matter, with terrestrial inputs < 25%. Opportunistic feeding is suggested for fishery-related taxa, such as spiny lobster larvae. Turbidity and nitrate concentration emerged as key drivers of resource partitioning, with spatial patterns more distinct within islands than between them. These results highlight the dominant role of local hydrophysical conditions and water quality in shaping mangrove nursery functions, surpassing the influence of broader regional factors. Our study also underscores the importance of internal nutrient recycling—particularly mediated by larval crabs—in sustaining early life stages of fish and other mid-trophic species. These findings call for a deeper understanding of how habitat conditions and environmental variability influence food availability at both local and regional scales.

Correction to: Lifespan effects in male UM‑HET3 mice treated with sodium thiosulfate, 16-hydroxyestradiol, and late‑start canagliflozin - Richard A. Miller; David E. Harrison; Gino A. Cortopassi; Ishmael Dehghan; Elizabeth Fernandez; Michael Garratt; John G. Geisler; Brett C. Ginsburg; Melissa L. Han; Catherine C. Kaczorowski; Navasuja Kumar; Scott F. Leiser; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Ecological resources of a heavily modified and utilised temperate coastal embayment: Cockburn Sound - Peter J. Mitchell; Daniel E. Yeoh; Kurt N. Krispyn; Claire N. Greenwell; Sorcha Cronin-O’Reilly; Delphine B.H. Chabanne; Glenn A. Hyndes; Danielle Johnston; David V. Fairclough; Claire Wellington; Alan Cottingham; Gary Jackson; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Coastal environments and their associated biota provide numerous environmental, economic and societal services. Cockburn Sound, a temperate embayment on the lower west coast of Western Australia, is immensely important for the State and adjacent capital city of Perth. However, urbanisation and associated terrestrial and marine development has the potential to threaten this important ecosystem. This study collated published and unpublished data to review the current state of the ecological resources of Cockburn Sound and describe how they have changed over the past century. Post-WWII, the embayment began undergoing pronounced anthropogenic changes that limited oceanic water exchange, increased nutrient load, modified benthic habitats and increased fishing pressure. The most visual outcome of these changes was substantial eutrophication and the loss of 77% of seagrass habitats. However, the increased primary productivity from elevated nutrient inputs produced high commercial fishery yields of up to ~1,700 t in the early 1990s before improved wastewater regulation and restricted fishing access steadily reduced commercial catches to ~300 t in recent years. Despite substantial anthropogenic-induced changes, Cockburn Sound has remained a diverse and ecologically important area. For example, the embayment is a key spawning area for large aggregations of Snapper, is a breeding and feeding site for seventeen marine bird species (including Little Penguins) and, is frequented by numerous protected species such as pinnipeds, dolphins, and White and Grey Nurse sharks. In recent decades, numerous projects have been initiated to restore parts of Cockburn Sound with mixed success, including seagrass transplantation, deployment of artificial reefs and stocking of key fish species, mainly Snapper. Nevertheless, while still biodiverse, there are signs of considerable ecological stress from escalating anthropogenic pressures and the cumulative impacts of ongoing and future developments, including climate change, which may severely impact the functioning of this important ecosystem.

Impact of sarcopenia and obesity on skeletal muscle size, gene expression, and mitochondrial function - Hector G. Paez; Christopher R. Pitzer; Jessica L. Halle; Peter J. Ferrandi; James A. Carson; Junaith S. Mohamed; Stephen E. Alway (GeroScience, 2025)
Skeletal muscle is a primary tissue of dysfunction during both aging and obesity. Recently, the coincidence of obesity and aging has gained attention due to the intersection of the obesity epidemic with an aging demographic. Both aging and obesity are associated with marked defects in skeletal muscle metabolic health. Despite these findings, we have a poor understanding of how obesity and aging may interact to impact skeletal muscle mass and metabolic health. Therefore, we investigated the impact of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on skeletal muscle mass, mitochondrial function, transcriptomics, and whole-body metabolism in young and aged mice. We observed main effects of diet and age on several measures of whole-body metabolic function (VO 2 , VCO 2 , and RER). Complex I-driven mitochondrial proton leak was significantly elevated by HFD-induced obesity across both age groups; however, a main effect of aging for reduced complex I leak was detected in the soleus muscle. Interestingly, aged animals fed a HFD did not exhibit lower muscle mass than chow-fed young animals, but did present with stark increases in muscle triglyceride content and a unique transcriptional response to HFD. HFD-induced obesity impacted the muscle transcriptome differently in the muscles of young and aged mice, indicating that obesity can change altered gene expression with age. Our findings suggest that the presence of obesity can both compound and counteract age-associated changes to muscle mass, gene expression, and mitochondrial function.

The Kolumbo volcanic field, Greece: a review of evidence to reconstruct the 1650 CE eruption and to support hazard and risk assessment - Georges E. Vougioukalakis; Anna Koutroulli; Stephen R. J. Sparks; Willy Aspinall; Peter J. Baxter; Andrea Bevilacqua; Lorella Francalanci; Christos Kanellopoulos; Augusto Neri; Costas Papazachos; Alessandro Tadini (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2025)
The Kolumbo volcanic field, Aegean Sea, Greece, consists of at least 25 monogenetic submarine volcanic cones and a polygenetic central volcano which had a VEI 5 rhyolitic explosive eruption in 1650 CE. The present-day polygenetic volcano is characterized by a zone of heightened seismicity at 4 to 9 km depth, a geophysically imaged magma chamber at 2–4 km depth and a shallower, hydrothermal system discharging CO 2 -rich fluids and resulting in sulphide mineralization on the crater floor. The field is located 5 to 23.5 km NE of Santorini within the tectonically active NE-SW extensional Amorgos graben. The 1650 CE eruption caused 50 deaths in Santorini and exhibited multiple hazards, including tsunamis, tephra fall, and lethal gas clouds. This paper summarizes previous knowledge about the volcanic field that was used to assess hazards and risks from future eruptions based on a Structured Expert Judgement exercise. The bulk volumes of the monogenetic volcanoes range between 0.004 km 3 and 0.48 km 3 with a total volume of 3.2 km 3 (uncertainty interval 2.1 to 4.6 km 3 ). The 1650 CE eruption of Kolumbo Central Volcano produced an estimated DRE (dense rock equivalent) volume ranging between 0.9 and 4.9 km 3 , an uncertainty interval obtained by comparing multiple lines of evidence and taking account of uncertainties. The 1650 CE eruption occurred from September to December with the most intense activity taking place on 29 September when a likely Plinian-scale eruption took place. The largest tsunami occurred the same day and caused devastation on the eastern coast of Thera and other nearby islands. Poisonous gas clouds resulted in many fatalities with symptoms that likely indicate the presence of high H 2 S concentrations. We summarize what is known about the Kolumbo volcanic field to inform the prognosis of future eruptions, support assessment of potential hazards, and provide an evidence base for developing monitoring, early warning, and disaster risk reduction measures.

Advancing ocean monitoring and knowledge for societal benefit: the urgency to expand Argo to OneArgo by 2030 - Virginie Thierry; Hervé Claustre; Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault; Nathalie Zilberman; Kenneth S. Johnson; Brian A. King; Susan E. Wijffels; Udaya T. V. S. Bhaskar; Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda; Mathieu Belbeoch; Marine Bollard; Jacqueline Boutin; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences for human well-being and safety, and economic prosperity. Effective and sustainable monitoring of the physical, biogeochemical state and ecosystem structure of the ocean, to enable climate adaptation, carbon management and sustainable marine resource management is urgently needed. The Argo program, a cornerstone of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), has revolutionized ocean observation by providing real-time, freely accessible global temperature and salinity data of the upper 2,000m of the ocean (Core Argo) using cost-effective simple robotics. For the past 25 years, Argo data have underpinned many ocean, climate and weather forecasting services, playing a fundamental role in safeguarding goods and lives. Argo data have enabled clearer assessments of ocean warming, sea level change and underlying driving processes, as well as scientific breakthroughs while supporting public awareness and education. Building on Argo’s success, OneArgo aims to greatly expand Argo’s capabilities by 2030, expanding to full-ocean depth, collecting biogeochemical parameters, and observing the rapidly changing polar regions. Providing a synergistic subsurface and global extension to several key space-based Earth Observation missions and GOOS components, OneArgo will enable biogeochemical and ecosystem forecasting and new long-term climate predictions for which the deep ocean is a key component. Driving forward a revolution in our understanding of marine ecosystems and the poorly-measured polar and deep oceans, OneArgo will be instrumental to assess sea level change, ocean carbon fluxes, acidification and deoxygenation. Emerging OneArgo applications include new views of ocean mixing, ocean bathymetry and sediment transport, and ecosystem resilience assessment. Implementing OneArgo requires about $100 million annually, a significant increase compared to present Argo funding. OneArgo is a strategic and cost-effective investment which will provide decision-makers, in both government and industry, with the critical knowledge needed to navigate the present and future environmental challenges, and safeguard both the ocean and human wellbeing for generations to come.

Environmental exposure assessment in the international prospective study of Chronic Kidney Disease of UnceRtain Etiology (CKDu) in Agricultural Communities (CURE) research consortium: Design and protocol development - Marvin González-Quiroz; Anna Aceituno; Shuchi Anand; Alexander van Geen; Lawrence S. Engel; Emmanuel Jarquin; Clemens Ruepert; Nicole Villegas-González; Mariela Arias-Hidalgo; Nora Franceschini; Daylin Anchía-Pastrán; Karla Solano-Diaz; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Dynamic environment but no temperature change since the late Paleogene at Lühe Basin (Yunnan, China) - Caitlyn R. Witkowski; Vittoria Lauretano; Alex Farnsworth; Shu-Feng Li; Shi-Hu Li; Jan Peter Mayser; B. David A. Naafs; Jingyi Wei; Robert A. Spicer; Tao Su; He Tang; Zhe-Kun Zhou; et al. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Cryptic species, biogeography, and patterns of introgression in the fish genus Mogurnda (Eleotridae) from the Australian wet tropics: A purple patch for purple-spots - Samuel R. Amini; Mark Adams; Michael P. Hammer; Glenn Briggs; James A. Donaldson; Brendan C. Ebner; Peter J. Unmack (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2025)

Discoveries on coastal retrogressive breach failures inspired by failure of an underwater fixed platform - Xiamei Man; William R. Dally; David P. Callaghan; Peter Nielsen (Marine Geology, 2025)

Total knee replacement in a dog with an articular epiphyseal medial condylar fracture of the distal femur, a case report - Brent R. Fink; Laurent P. Guiot; Peter Muir (Veterinary Research Communications, 2025)

Haptoglobin Attenuates Cerebrospinal Fluid Hemoglobin-Induced Neurological Deterioration in Sheep - Bart R. Thomson; Nina Schwendinger; Katrin Beckmann; Thomas Gentinetta; Daniel Couto; Sandra Wymann; Valérie Verdon; Raphael M. Buzzi; Kevin Akeret; Peter W. Kronen; Eva M. Weinberger; Ulrike Held; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2025)
Secondary brain injury (SBI) occurs with a lag of several days post-bleeding in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and is a strong contributor to mortality and long-term morbidity. aSAH-SBI coincides with cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) release into the cerebrospinal fluid. This temporal association and convincing pathophysiological concepts suggest that CSF-Hb could be a targetable trigger of SBI. However, sparse experimental evidence for Hb’s neurotoxicity in vivo defines a significant research gap for clinical translation. We modeled the CSF-Hb exposure observed in aSAH patients in conscious sheep, which allowed us to assess neurological functions in a gyrencephalic species. Twelve animals were randomly assigned for 3-day bi-daily intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of either Hb or Hb combined with the high-affinity Hb scavenger protein haptoglobin (Hb-Hp, CSL888). Repeated CSF sampling confirmed clinically relevant CSF-Hb concentrations. This prolonged CSF-Hb exposure over 3 days resulted in disturbed movement activity, reduced food intake, and impaired observational neuroscores. The Hb-induced neurotoxic effects were significantly attenuated when Hb was administered with equimolar haptoglobin. Preterminal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no CSF-Hb-specific structural brain alterations. In both groups, histology demonstrated an inflammatory response and revealed enhanced perivascular histiocytic infiltrates in the Hb-Hp group, indicative of adaptive mechanisms. Heme exposure in CSF and iron deposition in the brain were comparable, suggesting comparable clearance efficiency of Hb and Hb-haptoglobin complexes from the intracranial compartment. We identified a neurological phenotype of CSF-Hb toxicity in conscious sheep, which is rather due to neurovascular dysfunction than structural brain injury. Haptoglobin was effective at attenuating CSF-Hb-induced neurological deterioration, supporting its therapeutic potential.

Flood mitigation and environmental equity concerns in local hazard mitigation and land use plans in Tampa, Florida - Lubana Tasnim Mazumder; Kamal Alsharif; Shawn Landry; Nodjidoumde Mbaigoto; Peter R. Nkhoma (Natural Hazards, 2025)

Changes in cranberry phenology from 1958 to 2022: Implications for spring frost protection in Massachusetts, United States - Sandeep Bhatti; Peter Jeranyama; Casey D. Kennedy; Anthony R. Buda; Katherine Ghantous; David J. Millar; Carolyn J. DeMoranville (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2025)

Infertility and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative - Holly R. Harris; Kimberly Lind; Sable Fest; Cynthia A. Thomson; Nazmus Saquib; Aladdin H. Shadyab; Peter F. Schnatz; Rogelio Robles-Morales; Lihong Qi; Howard D. Strickler; Denise J. Roe; Leslie V. Farland (Cancer Causes & Control, 2025)

Expanding the boundaries: regional connectivity in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations across Micronesia - Michael P. Jensen; Erin L. LaCasella; Donald R. Kobayashi; Amy Frey; Tammy M. Summers; Jessy R. Hapdei; George H. Balazs; Shawn K. K. Murakawa; T. Todd Jones; Summer L. Martin; Alexander R. Gaos; Peter H. Dutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
The importance of ocean currents in influencing the connectivity and dispersal of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, is becoming increasingly recognized. However, more comprehensive studies are needed on how these currents impact the genetic makeup and connectivity of green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Pacific Islands region. To address this gap, our study conducted genetic analyses of green turtles in foraging grounds from four Micronesian sites and predictive modelling of hatchling dispersal patterns based on ocean currents to explore connectivity between foraging grounds and rookeries across Micronesia. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype frequencies from newly collected and published data. We used Bayesian mixed stock analysis (MSA) to estimate the relative proportion of turtles from different Management Units (MUs) within the foraging grounds. Our ocean current simulations predicted hatchling dispersal trajectories, revealing how passive drift may facilitate wide-ranging dispersal and connectivity among distant foraging and nesting sites. Across the four Micronesian foraging grounds, the MSA revealed varying contributions from different rookeries, with some turtles exhibiting rare, long-distance dispersal traits. Our study highlights the intricate relationship between oceanic currents and the spatial dynamics of green turtles across the Pacific. Our findings offer essential insights into the conservation and management of green turtles by highlighting the role of oceanic currents in shaping population connectivity. Future research should focus on expanding genetic analyses and refining ocean drift simulations to enhance our understanding of marine megafauna migration and inform regional conservation strategies effectively.

Phytoremediation of indoor air: Mechanisms of pollutant translocation and biodegradation - Luowen Lyu; Robert Fleck; Stephen Matheson; William L. King; Taryn L. Bauerle; Fraser R. Torpy; Peter J. Irga (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2025)

Biologger attachment and retention in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) - Melanie R. Boudreau; Shelby Rainbolt; Hunter Lister; Ali Diamond; Alison M. Lee; Peter J. Allen (Aquaculture, 2025)

Unravelling communicative complexity: a multimodal comparative study of two lemur species with different social systems - Louise R. Peckre; Lluís Socias-Martínez; Peter M. Kappeler; Claudia Fichtel (Animal Behaviour, 2025)

Review of potential areas for global harmonization of risk assessment protocols for Food Contact Materials (FCMs) - Cristina Nerin; Alan R. Boobis; Kanungo Debarata; Sarah Dubail; Thomas Gude; Christian Kirchnawy; Bastian Knaup; Konrad J. Korzeniowski; Charlene Lacourt; Olivier Vitrac; Si Wang; Peter K.T. Oldring (Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2025)

Corrigendum to: “Flavobacterium plantiphilum sp. nov., Flavobacterium rhizophilum sp. nov., Flavobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov., Chryseobacterium terrae sp. nov., and Sphingomonas plantiphila sp. nov. isolated from salty soil showing plant growth promoting potential” [Systematic and Applied Microbiology 48 (2025) 126588] - Peter Kämpfer; André Lipski; Kathy S. Lawrence; Walker R. Olive; Molli M. Newman; John A. McInroy; Tomeu Viver (Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2025)

The importance of tropical tree-ring chronologies for global change research - Peter Groenendijk; Flurin Babst; Valerie Trouet; Ze-Xin Fan; Daniela Granato-Souza; Giuliano Maselli Locosselli; Mulugeta Mokria; Shankar Panthi; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Abrham Abiyu; Rodolfo Acuña-Soto; Eduardo Adenesky-Filho; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Closed-loop recycling of reclaimed short carbon fibre reinforced polyamide composites - Adrian Lopera-Valle; Peter Wilson; Stuart R. Coles; Kerry Kirwan (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong: A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites - Yuchen Mai; Vincent Cheung; Peter K.K. Louie; Kenneth Leung; Jimmy C.H. Fung; Alexis K.H. Lau; Donald R. Blake; Dasa Gu (Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2025)

Latitudinal gradients of snow contamination in the Rocky Mountains associated with anthropogenic sources - Monica M. Arienzo; Kelly E. Gleason; Graham A. Sexstone; Mae Sexauer Gustin; Melissa R. Schwan; Nicole Choma; Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham; Joseph R. McConnell; Peter J. Weisberg; Adam Csank (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Potent inhibition of human monoamine oxidase A and B by phenolic compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids in tobacco smoke - Sa Weon Hong; Ali Heydari; Paris R. Watson; Paul H. Teesdale-Spittle; Rachel Page; Peter T. Northcote; Robert A. Keyzers; Mikhail Vyssotski; Penelope Truman (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2025)

Quantifying the Relative Importance of Sand Deposition and Dune Grasses to Carbon Storage in US Central Atlantic Coast Dunes - Katya R. Jay; Sally D. Hacker; Cedric J. Hagen; John Stepanek; Laura J. Moore; Peter Ruggiero (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses sequester large amounts of carbon per unit area due to their high productivity and sediment accumulation rates. However, only a handful of studies have examined carbon sequestration in coastal dunes, which are shaped by biophysical feedback between aeolian sediment transport and burial-tolerant vegetation. The goal of this study was to measure carbon storage and identify the factors that influence its variability along the foredunes of the US Outer Banks barrier islands of North Carolina. Specifically, differences in carbon stocks (above- and belowground biomass and sand), dune grass abundance, and sand supply were measured among islands, cross-shore dune profile locations, and dune grass species. Carbon varied among aboveground grass biomass (0.1 ± 0.1 kg C m −2 ), belowground grass biomass (1.1 ± 1.6 kg C m −3 ), and sand (0.9 ± 0.6 kg C m −3 ), with the largest amount in belowground grass stocks. Aboveground grass carbon stocks were comparable to those in eelgrass beds and salt marshes on a per-area basis, while sediment carbon values in our study system were lower than those in other coastal systems, including other dune locations. Additionally, sand carbon density was positively related to patterns in dune sand supply and grass abundance, reflecting a self-reinforcing vegetation-sediment feedback at both high and low sand accumulation rates.

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Amanda E. Bates; Viviana Brambilla; Jonathan M. Chase; Cher F. Y. Chow; Ada Fontrodona‐Eslava; Anne E. Magurran; Inês S. Martins; Faye Moyes; Alban Sagouis; Samuel Adu‐Acheampong; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

Misspecifying Sex‐Structured Dynamics in Stock Assessment Models - Matthew L. H. Cheng; Daniel R. Goethel; Peter‐John F. Hulson; Michael J. Wilberg; Craig Marsh; Curry J. Cunningham (Fish and Fisheries, 2025)
Sex‐specific variation in population demography and life‐history traits (e.g., growth, natural mortality) is common in many fish populations. Differences in these processes by sex can dictate population dynamics and influence how harvesters interact with the resource. Across various fisheries management systems, stock assessment models (SAMs), which mathematically represent population age and/or size structure, are widely utilised to estimate fish population status and provide sustainable harvest recommendations. However, few studies have examined the implications of alternative modelling assumptions when incorporating sex‐specific dynamics in SAMs. For instance, the impacts of simultaneously ignoring sex‐specific variations in growth, selectivity, and natural mortality on SAM performance have not been explored. In this study, a simulation‐estimation framework was developed for a sexually dimorphic fish population to: (1) assess the consequences of ignoring sexual dimorphism (i.e., growth, natural mortality, and selectivity) and the benefits of using sex‐specific catch data to inform the estimation of these processes, (2) evaluate the implications of incorrect modelling assumptions regarding sex ratio at birth, and (3) develop advice for parameterising observation likelihoods to describe sex‐specific composition data. Correctly parameterising sex‐specific variation in life‐history traits led to more robust population estimates and catch advice. Conversely, SAMs ignoring these variations yielded biased estimates of biomass and harvest recommendations. Collectively, our results underscore that oversimplified assumptions about sex‐specific variations in SAMs can lead to poor management advice. Moreover, results emphasise the need for routine collection of sex‐specific data to support the development of biologically realistic models.

Brooding and parthenogenesis enhance the success of the coral Porites astreoides relative to Orbicella annularis - Don R. Levitan; Kevin C. Olsen; Rachael M. Best; Peter J. Edmunds (Ecology, 2025)
The abundance of many Caribbean corals has declined over the past few decades, yet now Porites astreoides is more common on many shallow reefs than in the 1980s and shows evidence of local adaptation. We compare the small‐scale (1–8000 m) genetic structure of this brooding species and the broadcasting coral Orbicella annularis on reefs ( P. astreoides have genetic structure across reefs separated by a few 100 m, increased relatedness within reefs, and parthenogenetic larval propagation confirmed by parent–offspring genotyping. Within reefs, P. astreoides colonies O. annularis lacks across‐reef genetic structure, has low relatedness within and among reefs, and does not produce asexual larvae. Small‐scale genetic structure and high relatedness in P. astreoides are evident even without considering asexual propagation, but asexual reproduction enhances these differences. Neither species shows the genetic signature of inbreeding or reduced genotypic diversity despite the high within‐site relatedness of P. astreoides . Monitoring on these reefs from 1987 indicates that Porites has increased in abundance while Orbicella has decreased in abundance. The success of Porites is due to greatly increased settlement and recruitment compared with Orbicella . Together these results indicate that high numbers of locally retained and successful genotypes might explain the relative success of Porites on shallow, present‐day reefs in the Caribbean.

Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learning - Marthe Mieling; Mushfa Yousuf; Nico Bunzeck; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; Susan Landau; Monica Rivera-Mindt; Leslie M. Shaw; Edward B. Lee; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia patients. Features included structural MRI, CSF status, demographics, and genetic data. Analyses comprised one cross-sectional multi-class classification (CN vs. MCI vs. AD dementia, n = 568) and two longitudinal binary-class classifications (CN-to-MCI converters vs. CN stable, n = 92; MCI-to-AD converters vs. MCI stable, n = 378). All classifications achieved 70–77% accuracy and 61–83% precision. Key features were CSF status, hippocampal volume, entorhinal thickness, and amygdala volume, with a clear dissociation: hippocampal properties contributed to the conversion to MCI, while the entorhinal cortex characterized the conversion to AD dementia. The findings highlight explainable, trajectory-specific insights into AD progression.

Structural and Energetic Insights into the Binding of L- and D-Arginine Analogs with Neuropilin-1 (NRP1): Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and DFT Calculations - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim; Dina E. M. Mohamed; Khlood A. A. Abdeljawaad; Alaa H. M. Abdelrahman; Shaban R. M. Sayed; Mohamed A. El-Tayeb; Peter A. Sidhom; Paul W. Paré (Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2025)

Editorial: Demonstrating observation impacts for the ocean and coupled prediction - Peter R. Oke; Yosuke Fujii; Elizabeth Remy (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)

Systemic toxicity after rattlesnake envenomation in patients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A North American Snakebite Registry study - A.M. Ruha; M.B. Spyres; R. Culbreth; B. Wolk; C. Hoyte; S. Campleman; Peter Akpunonu; Adam Algren; Alexandra Amaducci; Sukhshant Atti; Connie Aubin; Kevin Baumgartner; et al. (Toxicon, 2025)

Implications of river reconnection on phosphorus cycling in coastal wetlands - Lee Potter; Peter Mates; John R. White (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Effect of thermal and non-thermal processes on the variability of ocean surface pCO2 and buffering capacity in the north Indian Ocean - R. Peter; J. Kuttippurath; N. Sunanda; Kunal Chakraborty (Progress in Oceanography, 2025)

Assessing the influence of model inputs on performance of the EMT + VS soil moisture downscaling model for a large foothills region in Northern Colorado - Samantha C. Fischer; Jeffrey D. Niemann; Joseph Scalia; Matthew D. Bullock; Holly E. Proulx; Boran Kim; Timothy R. Green; Peter J. Grazaitis (Journal of Hydrology, 2025)

Drivers of inorganic and organic carbon removal in aged oceanic crust - Sunita R. Shah Walter; Leland J. Wood; Kristin M. Yoshimura; S. Fisher Gonski; Wei-Jun Cai; Julie A. Huber; Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert; Peter R. Girguis (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Conservation translocation immediately reverses decline in imperiled sage-grouse populations - Mary B. Meyerpeter; Peter S. Coates; Megan C. Milligan; Brian G. Prochazka; Kade D. Lazenby; Steve Abele; John Tull; Katherine Miller; Jesse Kolar; Steven R. Mathews; David K. Dahlgren; David J. Delehanty (Biological Conservation, 2025)

The Aegilops ventricosa derived 2NvS translocation for enhanced defense against multiple diseases in wheat - R. Nisha; P. Shajitha; M. Sivasamy; P. Jayaprakash; V. K. Vikas; Shailendra Jha; Niharika Mallick; Rajbir Yadav; S. C. Bhardwaj; O. P. Gangwar; S. Vijaishree; M. Geetha; et al. (Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 2025)

Voxel-wise insights into early Alzheimer’s disease pathology progression: the association with APOE and memory decline - Maha Wybitul; Nicolas Langer; Christoph Hock; Anton Gietl; Valerie Treyer; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald-Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Longitudinal investigation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype’s impact on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker progression, focusing on amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and gray matter (GM) atrophy, integrating cognitive decline and baseline levels. Longitudinal florbetapir-PET and T1-weighted MRI data from 100 cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) participants both with considerable global Aβ accumulation (“high Aβ accumulators”) were analyzed using a voxel-wise approach. Associations of APOE genotype and memory decline with Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy were examined separately for each neuroimaging modality, controlling for baseline Aβ levels and diagnosis. Alternatively, the effect of baseline diagnosis, while controlling for memory decline, was investigated. A multimodal analysis evaluated interactions between genotype, memory decline, and GM atrophy on Aβ accumulation. High Aβ accumulators displayed extensive Aβ pathology predominantly in the medial orbito-frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and precuneus, along with GM atrophy in temporal, occipital, orbito-frontal, and parietal areas. ɛ4 carriers with memory decline exhibited greater Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy in selective regions compared to non-carriers with memory decline, while no genotype difference was observed in individuals without decline. No interaction effect was observed for MCI diagnosis. Regional associations between the two biomarkers were similarly dependent on genotype and memory decline. ɛ4 carriers exhibiting memory decline present an accelerated neurobiological pattern at predementia stages, supporting early ɛ4 carrier monitoring and interventions in this at-risk group. Importantly, memory decline might be more informative than MCI regarding AD pathology progression emphasizing the importance of repeated cognitive assessments.

An introduction to one of two special issues on frontiers in elasmobranch biology - A. Peter Klimley; R. Dean Grubbs; María Cristina Oddone; Ricardo S. Rosa; Guy M. W. Stevens; Nerea Lezama-Ochoa; Joshua D. Stewart; Melissa R. Cronin; Yunkai Li (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2025)

Correction to: Insular and mainland interconnectivity in the movements of oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) off Mexico in the Eastern Tropical Pacific - Robert D. Rubin; Katherine R. Kumli; A. Peter Klimley; Joshua D. Stewart; James T. Ketchum; Edgar M. Hoyos‑Padilla; Felipe Galván‑Magaña; Aldo A. Zavala‑Jiménez; Iliana A. Fonseca‑Ponce; Megan Saunders; P. Santiago Dominguez‑Sanchez; Paul Ahuja; et al. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2025)

Insular and mainland interconnectivity in the movements of oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) off Mexico in the Eastern Tropical Pacific - Robert D. Rubin; Katherine R. Kumli; A. Peter Klimley; Joshua D. Stewart; James T. Ketchum; Edgar M. Hoyos-Padilla; Felipe Galván-Magaña; Aldo A. Zavala-Jiménez; Iliana A. Fonseca-Ponce; Megan Saunders; P. Santiago Dominguez-Sanchez; Paul Ahuja; et al. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2025)

An Emerging Carbon Sink in Headwater Streams and the Role of Large Wood and Riparian Forest Structure - Stephen Peters-Collaer; William S. Keeton; Dana R. Warren; Hanna Kirchmeir (Ecosystems, 2025)

Hybrid pathways of denitrification drive N2O but not N2 emissions from an acid-sulphate sugarcane soil - Robert Kirkby; Johannes Friedl; Daniele De Rosa; Timothy J. Clough; David W. Rowlings; Peter R. Grace (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2025)
Acid-sulphate sugarcane soils in the subtropics are known hot-spots for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, yet the reduction of reactive N 2 O to non-reactive dinitrogen (N 2 ) via specific pathways remains a major uncertainty for nitrogen (N) cycling and loss from these soils. This study investigated the magnitude and the N 2 O:N 2 partitioning of N 2 O and N 2 losses from a subtropical acid-sulphate soil under sugarcane production using the 15 N gas flux method, establishing the contribution of hybrid (co- and chemo-denitrification) and heterotrophic denitrification to N 2 O and N 2 losses. Soils were fertilised with potassium nitrate, equivalent to 25 and 50 kg N ha −1 , watered close to saturation then incubated over 30 days. An innovative, fully automated incubation system coupled to an isotope-ratio mass-spectrometer enabled real time analysis of 15 N 2 O and 15 N 2 at sub-diel resolution. Peak losses of N 2 O and N 2 reached 6.5 kg N ha −1 day −1 , totalling > 50 kg of N 2 O+N 2 -N ha −1 . Emissions were dominated by N 2 , accounting for more than 57% of N 2 O+N 2 losses, demonstrating that the reduction of N 2 O to N 2 proceeded even under highly acidic conditions. Over 40% of N 2 O, but only 2% of N 2 emissions, were produced via hybrid pathways. These findings demonstrate hybrid pathways are generally limited to N 2 O production, likely driven by high organic matter content and low soil pH, promoting both biotic, and abiotic nitrosation. Regardless of the underlying process, the magnitude of the N 2 O emissions demonstrates the environmental, but also the potential agronomic significance, of hybrid pathways of N 2 O formation for N loss from fertilised acid-sulphate soils.

Assessing the invasion risk of species kept as pets; a case study of which aquarium trade marine fishes threaten the reefs of south Florida - Melanie M. Esch; Peter J. Flood; Alastair R. Harborne (Biological Invasions, 2025)

Using indicators to assess the status of biological invasions and their management on islands─the Prince Edward Islands, South Africa as an example - Laura Fernández Winzer; Michelle Greve; Peter C. le Roux; Katelyn T. Faulkner; John R. U. Wilson (Biological Invasions, 2025)
Addressing the challenge biological invasions pose to island biodiversity is pivotal to achieving Target 6 of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Using a suite of 24 indicators, we evaluated the current status of biological invasions and their management on the Prince Edward Islands, South Africa’s sub-Antarctic territories, and provide recommendations for management. There are 45 established alien taxa on Marion Island, of which 25 are invasive, and nine invasive taxa on the less frequently visited Prince Edward Island. However, despite stringent biosecurity, new alien taxa continue to arrive, potentially through ten introduction pathways, but particularly as contaminants on goods and stowaways on transport vectors. Not all detected taxa have been systematically recorded or identified—identifying incursions to species level may help pinpoint gaps in biosecurity. Three invasive plant species have caused Major environmental impacts (as per the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa categories), and Massive impacts have been recorded for the house mouse. An ambitious plan to eradicate the house mouse is being developed. A further eight taxa are controlled and four monitored to determine whether they have been eradicated. We argue that systematically tracking and documenting biological invasions is vital to improve the appropriateness, adaptability, and responsiveness of management; and we recommend a dedicated, integrated reporting process involving all stakeholders. Such monitoring is particularly important for remote sites given competing demands to reduce the human footprint, manage biological invasions, and allow access. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Managing biological invasions in protected areas: moving towards the new Global Biodiversity Framework targets’.

Correction: Tracking repeat spawning anadromous fish migrations over multiple years in a fragmented river suggests philopatry and sex‑linked variation in space use - Peter Davies; J. Robert Britton; Demetra Andreou; Charles Crundwell; Jamie R. Dodd; Olivier Lepais; Andrew D. Nunn; Stephen Sabatino; Randolph Velterop; Jonathan D. Bolland (Aquatic Sciences, 2025)

Networks in Aquatic Communities Collapse Upon Neonicotinoid‐Induced Stress - S. Henrik Barmentlo; Maarten Schrama; Ellen Cieraad; Geert R. de Snoo; C. J. M. Musters; Peter M. van Bodegom; Martina G. Vijver (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Freshwater ecosystems worldwide are under pressure from neonicotinoid insecticides. While it is recognised that communities of species are responsible for ecosystem functioning, it remains unknown if neonicotinoid‐induced community transformations negatively affect ecosystem functioning. Therefore, we employed an experimental approach with 36 naturally established freshwater ecosystems exposed to increasing field‐realistic concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Upon exposure, we found severe degradation of ecosystem functioning in the form of loss of organic matter consumption and dramatic shifts in primary productivity. This functional decline coincides with strongly eroded species co‐occurrence networks to the point that these are indistinguishable from randomised assemblages of species. Together, these findings show how current environmental concentrations of a neonicotinoid can strongly disrupt freshwater ecosystem functioning via degradation of the invertebrate food web. Since this dramatic ecosystem degradation occurs below nearly all identified ecotoxicological risks, we call here for the reconsideration of the use of these insecticides.

When can we detect lianas from space? Toward a mechanistic understanding of liana‐infested forest optics - Marco D. Visser; Matteo Detto; Félicien Meunier; Jin Wu; Jane R. Foster; David C. Marvin; Peter M. van Bodegom; Boris Bongalov; Matheus Henrique Nunes; David Coomes; Hans Verbeeck; J. Antonio Guzmán Q; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Lianas, woody vines acting as structural parasites of trees, have profound effects on the composition and structure of tropical forests, impacting tree growth, mortality, and forest succession. Remote sensing could offer a powerful tool for quantifying the scale of liana infestation, provided the availability of robust detection methods. We analyze the consistency and global geographic specificity of spectral signals—reflectance across wavelengths—from liana‐infested tree crowns and forest stands, examining the underlying mechanisms of these signals. We compiled a uniquely comprehensive database, including leaf reflectance spectra from 5424 leaves, fine‐scale airborne reflectance data from 999 liana‐infested canopies, and coarse‐scale satellite reflectance data covering 775 ha of liana‐infested forest stands. To unravel the mechanisms of the liana spectral signal, we applied mechanistic radiative transfer models across scales, establishing a synthesis of the relative importance of different mechanisms, which we corroborate with field data on liana leaf chemistry and canopy structure. We find a consistent liana spectral signal at canopy and stand scales across globally distributed sites. This signature mainly arises at the canopy level due to direct effects of more horizontal leaf angles, resulting in a larger projected leaf area, and indirect effects from increased light scattering in the near and short‐wave infrared regions, linked to lianas' less costly leaf construction compared with trees on average. The existence of a consistent global spectral signal for lianas suggests that large‐scale quantification of liana infestation is feasible. However, because the traits responsible for the liana canopy‐reflectance signal are not exclusive to lianas, accurate large‐scale detection requires rigorously validated remote sensing methods. Our models highlight challenges in automated detection, such as potential misidentification due to leaf phenology, tree life history, topography, and climate, especially where the scale of liana infestation is less than a single remote sensing pixel. The observed cross‐site patterns also prompt ecological questions about lianas' adaptive similarities in optical traits across environments, indicating possible convergent evolution due to shared constraints on leaf biochemical and structural traits.

Flavobacterium plantiphilum sp. nov., Flavobacterium rhizophilum sp. nov., Flavobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov., Chryseobacterium terrae sp. nov., and Sphingomonas plantiphila sp. nov. isolated from salty soil showing plant growth promoting potential - Peter Kämpfer; André Lipski; Kathy S. Lawrence; Walker R. Olive; Molli M. Newman; John A. McInroy; Tomeu Viver (Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2025)

Low-dose acidification of cattle slurry with sulfuric acid enhances oilseed-rape yield but risks elevated sulfide formation during prolonged storage - Yusra Zireeni; Davey L. Jones; David R. Chadwick; Maarit I. Mäenpää; Peter Sørensen (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Broad ecological threats of an invasive hornet revealed through a deep sequencing approach - Siffreya Pedersen; Peter J. Kennedy; Thomas A. O'Shea-Wheller; Juliette Poidatz; Alastair Christie; Juliet L. Osborne; Charles R. Tyler (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Compressive strength and regional supply implications of rice straw and rice hull ashes used as supplementary cementitious materials - Patrick R. Cunningham; Li Wang; Somayeh Nassiri; Peter Thy; John T. Harvey; Bryan M. Jenkins; Sabbie A. Miller (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2025)

Prenatal developmental toxicity evaluation of higher olefins in Sprague-Dawley rats - Quan Shi; Michael G. Penman; Juan-Carlos Carrillo; Jamie Dunn; Hua Shen; Sophie Jia; An R. Van Rompay; Fabienne Hubert; Peter J. Boogaard (Reproductive Toxicology, 2025)

Restoration of river connectivity enables long-distance spawning migrations in a potamodromous fish - Dagmara Błońska; Ali Serhan Tarkan; Demetra Andreou; Jonathan D. Bolland; Peter Davies; Jamie R. Dodd; Phillipa Gillingham; Catherine Gutmann Roberts; Fatima Amat-Trigo; Sadi Aksu; Andrew Hindes; O. Jonas Palder; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Site fidelity of the plains mouse, Pseudomys australis, in refuges during the transition from bust to boom - Chris R. Pavey; Peter J. McDonald; Jeff R. Cole; Catherine E.M. Nano (Journal of Arid Environments, 2025)

Assessing confidence in zoological specimen collection metadata for use in scientific studies - Annmarie Fearing; Kylie Faulkner; Perriann Smith; Emma Humbrecht; Peter M. Kyne; Kevin A. Feldheim; Alec B.M. Moore; Alyson A. Brink; Matthew T. McDavitt; Kelcee L. Smith; Jeff M. Whitty; Tonya R. Wiley; et al. (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2025)

Adaptive sampling with PIXL on the Mars Perseverance rover - Peter R. Lawson; Tanya V. Kizovski; Michael M. Tice; Benton C. Clark; Scott J. VanBommel; David R. Thompson; Lawrence A. Wade; Robert W. Denise; Christopher M. Heirwegh; W. Timothy Elam; Mariek E. Schmidt; Yang Liu; et al. (Icarus, 2025)

Bioconnection of airborne fungal diversity across the South Atlantic Ocean, sub-Antarctic and South Shetland Islands assessed using DNA metabarcoding - Luiz H. Rosa; Fabio L. V. Bones; Fabyano A. C. Lopes; Karita C. R. Santos; Micheline C. Silva; Peter Convey; Paulo E. A. S. Câmara (Polar Biology, 2025)

A circumpolar review of the breeding distribution and habitat use of the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), the world’s most southerly breeding vertebrate - Josie Francis; Ewan Wakefield; Stewart S. R. Jamieson; Richard A. Phillips; Dominic A. Hodgson; Colin Southwell; Louise Emmerson; Peter Fretwell; Michael J. Bentley; Erin L. McClymont (Polar Biology, 2025)
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of many polar seabird species is incomplete due to the remoteness of their breeding locations. Here, we compiled a new database of published and unpublished records of all known snow petrel Pagodroma nivea breeding sites. We quantified local environmental conditions at sites by appending indices of climate and substrate, and regional-scale conditions by appending 30 year mean (1992–2021) sea-ice conditions within accessible foraging areas. Breeding snow petrels are reported at 456 sites across Antarctica and subantarctic islands. Although many counts are old or have large margins of error, population estimates available for 222 known sites totalled a minimum of ~ 77400 breeding pairs. However with so many missing data, the true breeding population will be much higher. Most sites are close to the coast (median = 1.15 km) and research stations (median = 26 km). Median distance to the November sea-ice edge (breeding season sea-ice maximum) is 430 km. Locally, most nests occur in cavities in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Minimum air temperatures occur at inland sites, and maxima at their northern breeding limit. Breeding location and cavity selection is likely determined by availability of suitable breeding substrate within sustainable distance of suitable foraging habitat. Within this range, nest sites may then be selected based on local conditions such as cavity size and aspect. Our database will allow formal analyses of habitat selection and provides a baseline against which to monitor future snow petrel distribution changes in response to climate change.

Correction: Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model - Samuel Abiodun Kehinde; Abosede Temitope Olajide; Tolulope Peter Fatokun; Dalia Fouad; Najah R. Hadi; Ahmed M. Elgazzar; Adewale Segun James; Mohamed H. Mazhar Ashour (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model - Samuel Abiodun Kehinde; Abosede Temitope Olajide; Tolulope Peter Fatokun; Dalia Fouad; Najah R. Hadi; Ahmed M. Elgazzar; Adewale Segun James; Mohamed H. Mazhar Ashour (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Tidal Flooding Contributes to Eutrophication: Constraining Nonpoint Source Inputs to an Urban Estuary Using a Data-Driven Statistical Model - Alfonso Macías-Tapia; Margaret R. Mulholland; Corday R. Selden; Sophie Clayton; Peter W. Bernhardt; Thomas R. Allen (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
In coastal urban areas, tidal flooding brings water carrying nutrients and particles back from land to estuarine and coastal waters. A statistical model to predict nutrient loads during tidal flooding events can help estimate nutrient loading from previous and future flooding events and adapt nutrient reduction strategies. We measured concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in floodwater at seven sentinel sites during 15 tidal flooding events from January 2019 to September 2020. The study area was the Lafayette River watershed in Norfolk, VA, USA, which is prone to tidal flooding and is predicted to experience more frequent and intense flooding in the future. We calculated the difference in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ΔDIN) or phosphorus (ΔDIP) concentrations between floodwater and those measured in the estuary prior to tidal flooding for each sentinel site and flooding event. We calculated the correlations between ΔDIN and ΔDIP with corresponding data on precipitation, wind, flooding intensity, average estuarine nutrient concentrations, population density, income, land elevation, land use, and land coverage. Using the variables with the highest R 2 values for the linear regression with either ΔDIN or ΔDIP, we built multi-variable random forest regression models. ΔDIN showed the strongest correlations with floodwater nutrient concentrations, water level, and water temperature. ΔDIP also had a strong correlation with floodwater nutrient concentrations and water temperature, but had also a strong correlation wind speed. Models indicated that inputs per flooding event ranged from − 5000 to 7500 kg N, for DIN, while those for DIP ranged from 2000 to 23,000 kg P, with net inputs of > 5000 kg N and > 100,000 kg P, respectively. Removing the dissolved nutrient concentration in floodwater variables from the models, we were able to calculate loads from events that occurred all the way back to 1946. Predicted DIN load per single flooding event ranged from ~ 0 to 1.5 × 10 5 kg N and showed a significant linear regression with time. Predicted DIP load estimates per single flooding event ranged from > − 1.0 × 10 5 to < 1.5 × 10 5 kg P, with a significant positive trend over time. The positive trend in these load values over time shows that they have and will continue to be an increasing problem for the water quality of the local water systems. These results indicate that further action should be taken to control the input of dissolved nutrients during tidal flooding events in urban coastal areas.

Tree Planting for Climate Adaptation and Emerald Ash Borer in the Lake States, US: Motivations and State of the Practice - Lucia A. Fitts; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Brian J. Palik; Peter W. Clark; Josh Kragthorpe; Mike R. Reinikainen; Gregory J. Edge; Stephen Handler; Bradley M. Hutnik; Anthony W. D’Amato (Journal of Forestry, 2025)

Review of APSIM's soil nitrogen modelling capability for agricultural systems analyses - Kirsten Verburg; Heather R. Pasley; Jody S. Biggs; Iris Vogeler; Enli Wang; Henrike Mielenz; Val O. Snow; Chris J. Smith; Chiara Pasut; Andrea D. Basche; Di He; Sotirios V. Archontoulis; et al. (Agricultural Systems, 2025)

Frequent disturbance to a foundation species disrupts consumer‐mediated nutrient cycling in giant kelp forests - Joseph R. Peters; Daniel C. Reed; June Shrestha; Scott L. Hamilton; Deron E. Burkepile (Ecology, 2025)
Structure‐forming foundation species facilitate consumers by providing habitat and refugia. In return, consumers can benefit foundation species by reducing top‐down pressures and increasing the supply of nutrients. Consumer‐mediated nutrient dynamics (CND) fuel the growth of autotrophic foundation species and generate more habitat for consumers, forming reciprocal feedbacks. Such feedbacks are threatened when foundation species are lost to disturbances, yet testing these interactions requires long‐term studies, which are rare. Here, we experimentally evaluated how disturbance to giant kelp, a marine foundation species, affects (1) CND of the forest animal community and (2) nutrient feedbacks that help sustain forest primary production during extended periods of low nitrate. Our experiment involved removing giant kelp annually during the winter for 10 years at four sites to mimic frequent wave disturbance. We paired temporal changes in the forest community in kelp removal and control plots with estimates of taxon‐specific ammonium excretion rates (reef fishes and macroinvertebrates) and nitrogen (N) demand (giant kelp and understory macroalgae) to determine the effects of disturbance on CND as measured by ammonium excretion, N demand by kelp forest macroalgae, and the percentage of nitrogen demand met by ammonium excretion. We found that disturbance to giant kelp decreased ammonium excretion by 66% over the study, mostly due to declines in fishes. Apart from a few fish species that dominated CND, most reef‐associated consumers were unaffected by disturbance. Disturbance to giant kelp reduced its N demand by 56% but increased that of the understory by 147% due to its increased abundance in the absence of a kelp canopy. Overall, disturbance had little effect on the fraction of N demand of macroalgae met by consumer excretion due to the offsetting responses of giant kelp, understory macroalgae, and consumers to disturbance. Across both disturbance regimes, on average, consumers supported 11%–12% of the N required by all kelp forest macroalgae and 48% of N demand by the understory macroalgae (which are confined to the benthos where most reef‐associated consumers reside). Our findings suggest that CND constitutes a considerable contribution of N required in kelp forests, yet nutrient inputs decrease following reductions in essential habitat perpetuated by frequent disturbances.

Tree diversity shapes the spectral signature of light transmittance in developing forests - Laura J. Williams; Kyle R. Kovach; J. Antonio Guzmán Q.; Artur Stefanski; Raimundo Bermudez; Ethan E. Butler; Domitille Coq‐‐Etchegaray; Catherine Glenn‐Stone; Peter Hajek; Johanna Klama; Belinda E. Medlyn; Christian Messier; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Greater tree diversity often increases forest productivity by increasing the fraction of light captured and the effectiveness of light use at the community scale. However, light may shape forest function not only as a source of energy or a cause of stress but also as a context cue: Plant photoreceptors can detect specific wavelengths of light, and plants use this information to assess their neighborhoods and adjust their patterns of growth and allocation. These cues have been well documented in laboratory studies, but little studied in diverse forests. Here, we examined how the spectral profile of light (350–2200 nm) transmitted through canopies differs among tree communities within three diversity experiments on two continents (200 plots each planted with one to 12 tree species, amounting to roughly 10,000 trees in total), laying the groundwork for expectations about how diversity in forests may shape light quality with consequences for forest function. We hypothesized—and found—that the species composition and diversity of tree canopies influenced transmittance in predictable ways. Canopy transmittance—in total and in spectral regions with known biological importance—principally declined with increasing leaf area per ground area (LAI) and, in turn, LAI was influenced by the species composition and diversity of communities. For a given LAI, broadleaved angiosperm canopies tended to transmit less light with lower red‐to‐far‐red ratios than canopies of needle‐leaved gymnosperms or angiosperm‐gymnosperm mixtures. Variation among communities in the transmittance of individual leaves had a minor effect on canopy transmittance in the visible portion of the spectrum but contributed beyond this range along with differences in foliage arrangement. Transmittance through mixed species canopies often deviated from expectations based on monocultures, and this was only partly explained by diversity effects on LAI, suggesting that diversity effects on transmittance also arose through shifts in the arrangement and optical properties of foliage. We posit that differences in the spectral profile of light transmitted through diverse canopies serve as a pathway by which tree diversity affects some forest ecosystem functions.

Phenological sensitivity of Bromus tectorum genotypes depends on current and source environments - Megan L. Vahsen; Toby M. Maxwell; Dana M. Blumenthal; Diana Gamba; Matthew J. Germino; Mevin B. Hooten; Jesse R. Lasky; Elizabeth A. Leger; Nikki Pirtel; Lauren M. Porensky; Seth Romero; Justin J. Van Ee; et al. (Ecology, 2025)
Plants respond to their environment with both short‐term, within‐generation trait plasticity, and long‐term, between‐generation evolutionary changes. However, the relative magnitude of plant responses to short‐ and long‐term changes in the environment remains poorly understood. Shifts in phenological traits can serve as harbingers for responses to environmental change, and both a plant's current and source (i.e., genotype origin) environment can affect plant phenology via plasticity and local adaptation, respectively. To assess the role of current and source environments in explaining variation in flowering phenology of Bromus tectorum , an invasive annual grass, we conducted a replicated common garden experiment using 92 genotypes collected across western North America. Replicates of each genotype were planted in two densities (low = 100 seeds/1 m 2 , high = 100 seeds/0.04 m 2 ) under two different temperature treatments (low = white gravel; high = black gravel; 2.1°C average difference) in a factorial design, replicated across four common garden locations in Idaho and Wyoming, USA. We tested for the effect of current environment (i.e., density treatment, temperature treatment, and common garden location), source environment (i.e., genotype source climate), and their interaction on each plant's flowering phenology. Flowering timing was strongly influenced by a plant's current environment, with plants that experienced warmer current climates and higher densities flowering earlier than those that experienced cooler current climates and lower densities. Genotypes from hot and dry source climates flowered consistently earlier than those from cool and wet source climates, even after accounting for genotype relatedness, suggesting that this genetically based climate cline is a product of natural selection. We found minimal evidence of interactions between current and source environments or genotype‐by‐environment interactions. Phenology was more sensitive to variation in the current climate than to variation in source climate. These results indicate that cheatgrass phenology reflects high levels of plasticity as well as rapid local adaptation. Both processes likely contribute to its current success as a biological invader and its capacity to respond to future environmental change.

Cytochromes P460 and c′-β: exploiting a novel fold for multiple functions - Hannah R. Adams; Sotaro Fujii; Hans E. Pfalzgraf; Peter Smyth; Colin R. Andrew; Michael A. Hough (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2025)
Two related classes of ligand-binding heme c -containing proteins with a high degree of structural homology have been identified and characterized over recent decades: cytochromes P460 (cyts P460), defined by an unusual heme-lysine cross-link, and cytochromes c ′-β (cyts c ′-β), containing a canonical c -heme without the lysine cross-link. The shared protein fold of the cyt P460-cyt c ′-β superfamily can accommodate a variety of heme environments with entirely different reactivities. On the one hand, cyts P460 with polar distal pockets have been shown to oxidize NH 2 OH to NO and/or N 2 O via proton-coupled electron transfer. On the other hand, cyts c ′-β with hydrophobic distal pockets have a proposed gas binding function similar to the unrelated, but more extensively characterized, alpha helical cytochromes c ′. Recent studies have also identified ‘halfway house’ proteins (cyts P460 with non-polar heme pockets and cyts c ′-β with polar distal heme pockets) with functions yet to be resolved. Here, we review the structural, spectroscopic and enzymatic properties of the cyt P460-cyt c ′-β superfamily with a view to understanding the structural determinants of their different functional properties. Graphical abstract

Toward an integrated pantropical ocean observing system - Gregory R. Foltz; Yassir A. Eddebbar; Janet Sprintall; Antonietta Capotondi; Sophie Cravatte; Peter Brandt; Adrienne J. Sutton; Tamaryn Morris; Juliet Hermes; Clive R. McMahon; Michael J. McPhaden; Lev B. Looney; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Global climate is regulated by the ocean, which stores, releases, and transports large amounts of mass, heat, carbon, and oxygen. Understanding, monitoring, and predicting the exchanges of these quantities across the ocean’s surface, their interactions with the atmosphere, and their horizontal and vertical pathways through the global oceans, are key for advancing fundamental knowledge and improving forecasts and longer-term projections of climate, weather, and ocean ecosystems. The existing global observing system provides immense value for science and society in this regard by supplying the data essential for these advancements. The tropical ocean observing system in particular has been developed over decades, motivated in large part by the far-reaching and complex global impacts of tropical climate variability and change. However, changes in observing needs and priorities, new challenges associated with climate change, and advances in observing technologies demand periodic evaluations to ensure that stakeholders’ needs are met. Previous reviews and assessments of the tropical observing system have focused separately on individual basins and their associated observing needs. Here we provide a broader perspective covering the tropical observing system as a whole. Common gaps, needs, and recommendations are identified, and interbasin differences driven by socioeconomic disparities are discussed, building on the concept of an integrated pantropical observing system. Finally, recommendations for improved observations of tropical basin interactions, through oceanic and atmospheric pathways, are presented, emphasizing the benefits that can be achieved through closer interbasin coordination and international partnerships.

Lung cell toxicological effects of 3D printer aerosolized filament byproducts - Jonathan M. Beard; Brooke M. Royer; Jacob M. Hesita; Peter Byrley; Ashley Lewis; John Hadynski; Joanna Matheson; Souhail R. Al-Abed; Christie M. Sayes (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)
As 3D printing has become more compact and affordable, the use of the technology has become more prevalent across household, classroom, and small business settings. The emissions of fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers consist of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosolized particulate matter (PM) dependent upon the filament in use. This study investigates the hazards posed by these emissions through aerosol characterization and cell exposure. Seventeen filaments were obtained from five manufacturers, consisting of fourteen plastic filaments (polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), or polycarbonate (PC) polymers) and three filaments with metal filler (copper, bronze, and steel). For 1-h trials, BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were directly exposed to aerosolized 3D printer emissions at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Particle characterization showed ABS filaments produced more PM and VOC emissions with particles in the ultrafine size range. ABS filaments also elicited a greater biological response, with significant shifts in mitochondrial activity compared to the PLA filaments. Significant changes in amounts of glutathione (GSH) were observed after ABS and PLA emission exposure. Exposure to emissions from the steel filament resulted in the lowest average amount of glutathione, though insignificant, and a significantly lower mitochondrial activity, revealing a unique cause for concern among filaments tested. 3D printer emissions and subsequent cell responses appear filament-dependent, and users should mitigate personal exposure to aerosols. Graphical abstract Made using elements from BioRender.

From bench to bedside: murine models of inherited and sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations - Ashely R. Ricciardelli; Gael Genet; Nafiisha Genet; Samuel T. McClugage; Peter T. Kan; Karen K. Hirschi; Jason E. Fish; Joshua D. Wythe (Angiogenesis, 2025)
Brain arteriovenous malformations are abnormal vascular structures in which an artery shunts high pressure blood directly to a vein without an intervening capillary bed. These lesions become highly remodeled over time and are prone to rupture. Historically, brain arteriovenous malformations have been challenging to treat, using primarily surgical approaches. Over the past few decades, the genetic causes of these malformations have been uncovered. These can be divided into (1) familial forms, such as loss of function mutations in TGF-β (BMP9/10) components in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, or (2) sporadic forms, resulting from somatic gain of function mutations in genes involved in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Leveraging these genetic discoveries, preclinical mouse models have been developed to uncover the mechanisms underlying abnormal vessel formation, and thus revealing potential therapeutic targets. Impressively, initial preclinical studies suggest that pharmacological treatments disrupting these aberrant pathways may ameliorate the abnormal pathologic vessel remodeling and inflammatory and hemorrhagic nature of these high-flow vascular anomalies. Intriguingly, these studies also suggest uncontrolled angiogenic signaling may be a major driver in bAVM pathogenesis. This comprehensive review describes the genetics underlying both inherited and sporadic bAVM and details the state of the field regarding murine models of bAVM, highlighting emerging therapeutic targets that may transform our approach to treating these devastating lesions.

Corrigendum to “A predictive model for hypocalcaemia in dairy cows utilizing behavioural sensor data combined with deep learning” [Comput. Electron. Agric. 220 (2024) 108877] - Meike van Leerdam; Peter R. Hut; Arno Liseune; Elena Slavco; Jan Hulsen; Miel Hostens (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025)

An undocumented source of plastic contamination in sensitive estuarine environments - Katrina R. Bornt; Joshua W. Rule; Peter A. Novak (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2025)

Measurement of the decay Ξ 0 → Λ γ with entangled Ξ 0 Ξ ¯ 0 pairs - M. Ablikim; M.N. Achasov; P. Adlarson; O. Afedulidis; X.C. Ai; R. Aliberti; A. Amoroso; Q. An; Y. Bai; O. Bakina; I. Balossino; Y. Ban; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2025)

Lithification of pelletal grains by microbially mediated organomineralization - Mara R. Diaz; Kelly Bergman; Peter K. Swart; Gregor P. Eberli (Sedimentary Geology, 2025)

Quaternary rivers, tufas and mires of southern England: Description of Geological Conservation Review sites - Rebecca M. Briant; Colin A. Whiteman; B. Andrew Haggart; David R. Bridgland; Ella Egberts; Michael J. Grant; Marcus Hatch; Peter G. Knowles; Danielle C. Schreve; Philip S. Toms; Francis F. Wenban-Smith; Mark J. White (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2025)

Fast non-destructive measurement of intramuscular fat in Australian beef and lamb using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technologies - Evan R. McCarney; Peter McGilchrist; Sarah M. Stewart; Robin Dykstra (Meat Science, 2025)

The impacts of alien species on river bioassessment - Maria João Feio; Janine P. da Silva; Robert M. Hughes; Francisca C. Aguiar; Carlos B.M. Alves; Sebastian Birk; Marcos Callisto; Marden S. Linares; Diego R. Macedo; Paulo S. Pompeu; Wayne Robinson; Christian Schürings; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

New Swartpuntia occurrence found within the Aar Member - Brandt M. Gibson; Ingrid Stengel; Zakeus Nghishidulu; Peter R. Liberty; Ajani Bissick; Andrea Boscaini; Joshua H.F.L. Davies; Galen P. Halverson; Frederick J. Hilgen; Bianca Spiering; Patricia Vickers-Rich; Marc Laflamme (Gondwana Research, 2025)

Persistent organic pollutants and endogenous sex-related hormones in Hispanic/Latino adults: The Hispanic Community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) - Chibuzor Abasilim; Victoria Persky; Robert M. Sargis; Tessa Day; Konstantina Tsintsifas; Martha Daviglus; Jianwen Cai; Sally Freels; Arielle Grieco; Brandilyn A. Peters; Carmen R. Isasi; Gregory A. Talavera; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Pets and related allergens modify the association between early life DEHP exposure and respiratory outcomes in children - Luyao Zhang; Ruixue Dai; Wendy Lou; Piush Mandhane; Theo J. Moraes; Elinor Simons; Peter S. Thorne; Teresa To; Stuart E. Turvey; Padmaja Subbarao; Jeffrey R. Brook (Environmental Research, 2025)

Extreme capital breeding for giants: Effects of body size on humpback whale energy expenditure and fasting endurance - Fredrik Christiansen; Peter T Madsen; Virginia Andrews-Goff; Mike C Double; Jason R How; Phil Clapham; Yulia Ivashchenko; Dmitry Tormosov; Kate R Sprogis (Ecological Modelling, 2025)

Polysaccharide-based edible films — strategies to minimize water vapor permeability - Lilah Saidi; Yong Wang; Peter R Wich; Cordelia Selomulya (Current Opinion in Food Science, 2025)

Stochastic wind-driven migration likely maintains panmixia in the endangered bogong moth, Agrotis infusa - Collin W. Ahrens; Alex Slavenko; Peter Kriesner; Anthony van Rooyen; Dean Heinze; Nenad Bartonicek; Andrew R. Weeks (Biological Conservation, 2025)

What to Measure in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Research—An International Delphi Survey - Christopher R. Andersen; Justin Presseau; Bev Shea; Maria Luisa Marti; Madeline McCoy; Gordon Fernie; Lauralyn McIntyre; Anthony Delaney; Michaël Chassé; Victoria Saigle; Shawn Marshall; Dean A. Fergusson; et al. (Translational Stroke Research, 2025)

Regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission by purinergic receptors in brain physiology and disease - Guilherme Juvenal; Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa; Lucas Bonfim Marques; Thais Tessari Zampieri; Felipe José Costa Viana; Luiz R. Britto; Yong Tang; Peter Illes; Francesco di Virgilio; Henning Ulrich; Roberto de Pasquale (Purinergic Signalling, 2025)

Rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and plants of Bangka Island (Indonesia) focussing on (hyper)accumulation - Imam Purwadi; Peter D. Erskine; Benny P. Hutahaean; Tofan R. Wijaya; Eddy Nurtjahya; Antony van der Ent (Plant and Soil, 2025)
Background and Aims Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, but only a few metal hyperaccumulator plants have been reported from this vast country. This study aimed to discover rare earth element (REE) hyperaccumulator plants on Bangka Island, an area known to have REE enriched soils associated with tin placer deposits. Methods Prior to this study, herbarium specimens at the Universitas Bangka Belitung Herbarium were screened using non-destructive X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning to detect specimens with anomalous REE concentrations. Fieldwork was subsequently conducted to collect samples from plant species suspected to be (hyper)accumulators based on the earlier XRF survey. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-XRF were used to verify the possibility of surface contamination by soil particles in plant specimens, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine total elemental concentrations in the plant material. Results Blechnopsis orientalis was found to hyperaccumulate REEs up to 3000 µg g −1 as well as arsenic up to 2100 µg g −1 . The non-destructive analysis found no dust or soil contamination on B. orientalis specimens, confirming it as a genuine REE and arsenic hyperaccumulator. Additionally, the known REE hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis was confirmed to be a REE hyperaccumulator on Bangka Island. Conclusion Blechnopsis orientalis is a REE hyperaccumulator with high potential for phytoextraction as it is a faster growing and larger species than D. linearis . As B. orientalis and D. linearis are native to Bangka Island, both should be studied further for their application in rehabilitating and extracting REEs from the (abandoned) tin mine areas.

Magnusiomyces capitatus, an Unusual Cause of Invasive Fungal Infections in Neutropenic Patients: Case Reports and Outbreak Investigation - Anne-Marie Dolan; Tamara Hoban; Grainne Brennan; Peter R. Flanagan; Sadhbh O’Rourke; Tee Keat Teoh; Breida Boyle; Lisa Mellerick; Shane Toolan; Catherine Flynn; Johannes Wagener; Brian O’Connell (Mycopathologia, 2025)

Evaluating Polymeric Additives for Post-Wildfire Erosion Reduction with Indoor Rainfall Simulation - Alishan Ahmed; Peter R. Robichaud; Amanda K. Hohner; Idil Deniz Akin (Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2025)

Morphological description and molecular characterization of Heterospinus mccordi n. gen. n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from cystacanths infecting a non-native crayfish host, Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae), in South Carolina, USA - Gregory K. Rothman; Kristina M. Hill-Spanik; Graham A. Wagner; Michael R. Kendrick; Peter R. Kingsley-Smith; Isaure de Buron (Systematic Parasitology, 2025)
A new genus and species within the family Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 were erected to accommodate cystacanths recovered from the mesentery of individuals from a non-native population of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard), collected from South Carolina (USA). Morphological characteristics of the specimens collected included in both sexes a spindle-shaped body with a slender hindtrunk, two fields of markedly different sized spines on the foretrunk, the presence of a middle row of smaller scythe-shaped hooks on a proboscis armed with 19–20 longitudinal rows of 14–16 hooks; and in males, six cement glands, absence of genital spines, and a digitiform and spinose bursa (observed inverted). Sequencing portions of both the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes was completed, followed by phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated alignment. Sequences from our specimens appeared in a clade with those of Hexaglandula corynosoma (Travassos, 1915) and Ibirhynchus dimorpha (Schmidt, 1973) but were 27% divergent from both using the COI marker. The genetic divergence of this parasite from other polymorphid genera, along with unique morphological features, justified erecting a new genus and new species. Herein we describe Heterospinus mccordi n. gen. n. sp. bringing the total number of genera within the family Polymorphidae to 16, and we emend and update the latest key that was provided for the genera within this family. This is the first record of polymorphids infecting P. clarkii outside of its native range. The definitive host remains unknown.

New Zealand Myrtaceae are susceptible to a strain from the Eucalyptus biotype of Austropuccinia psidii present in South America - Julia Soewarto; Carlos Pérez; Michael Bartlett; Chanatda Somchit; Beccy Ganley; Roanne Sutherland; Sofía Simeto; Jane E. Stewart; Jorge R. Ibarra Caballero; Stuart Fraser; Peter M. Scott; Jayanthi Nadarajan; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2025)
The international spread of the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii , can be largely attributed to the “pandemic” biotype that has more than 450 host species. However, within South America, the putative native range of A. psidii , multiple biotypes have been characterised, each with a restricted known number of hosts. These biotypes may pose a significant biosecurity threat to countries already affected by the pandemic biotype. Here, we report the susceptibility of four species of Myrtaceae from New Zealand, pōhutukawa ( Metrosideros excelsa ), mānuka ( Leptospermum scoparium ), kānuka ( Kunzea ericoides ), and rawiri mānuka ( Kunzea ericoides ‘gumland ecotype’), to a strain of the Eucalyptus biotype of A. psidii . Symptoms and signs developed on inoculated plants of all species. Qualitative resistance phenotypes, with no disease development, were observed for all four species. However, no hypersensitive responses were observed. As seen for other biotypes, pōhutukawa had the greatest susceptibility, while kānuka had the lowest. These findings are consistent with prior work, showing that the Eucalyptus biotype can infect a broader range of species than its field host association implies. As well as uredinia (asexual spores), telia (sexual spores) developed on several plants, indicating that these species could provide a universal host for sexual reproduction and outcrossing between biotypes. Knowledge that the Eucalyptus biotype of A. psidii is virulent on several indigenous New Zealand Myrtaceae will inform future biosecurity risk assessments. These findings highlight the need to develop diagnostics tools to differentiate between biotypes and allow rapid responses to potential future incursions.

Anthropogenically protected but naturally disturbed: a specialist carnivore at its southern range periphery - John R. Squires; Lucretia E. Olson; Jacob S. Ivan; Peter M. McDonald; Joseph D. Holbrook (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)
Understanding how species distributions and associated habitat are impacted by natural and anthropogenic disturbance is central for the conservation of rare forest carnivores dependent on subalpine forests. Canada lynx at their range periphery occupy subalpine forests that are structured by large-scale fire and insect outbreaks that increase with climate change. In addition, the Southern Rocky Mountains of the western United States is a destination for winter recreationists worldwide with an associated high degree of urbanization and resort development. We modeled habitat for a reintroduced population of Canada lynx in the Southern Rocky Mountains using an ensemble species distribution model built on abiotic and biotic covariates and validated with independent lynx locations including satellite telemetry, aerial telemetry, camera traps, den locations, and winter backtracking. Based on this model, we delineated Likely and Core lynx-habitat as thresholds that captured 95% and 50% of testing data, respectively. Likely (5727 km 2 ) and Core (441 km 2 ) habitat were spatially limited and patchily distributed across western Colorado, USA. Natural (e.g., insect outbreaks, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., urbanization, ski resort development, forest management) disturbance overlapped 37% of Likely lynx-habitat and 24 % of highest quality Core. Although overlap with fire disturbance was low (5%), future burns likely represent the greatest potential impact over decades-long timeframes. The overlap of publicly owned lands administratively classified as “protected” with Likely (62% overlap) and Core (49%) habitat may insulate lynx from permanent habitat conversion due to direct human disturbance (urbanization, ski resort development).

Does a carboxamide moiety alter the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids? A study after pulmonary and intravenous administration of cumyl-5F-P7AICA to pigs - Nadja Walle; Christiane Dings; Omar Zaher; Adrian A. Doerr; Benjamin Peters; Matthias W. Laschke; Thorsten Lehr; Michael D. Menger; Peter H. Schmidt; Markus R. Meyer; Nadine Schaefer (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are consumed as an alternative to cannabis. Novel compounds are developed by minor modifications in their chemical structure, e.g. insertion of a carboxamide moiety as a linker, which can potentially lead to altered toxicokinetics (TK). Knowledge on the TK data of SCs, especially structural modified substances, is scarce. Hence, interpretation of toxicological results is challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the TK of cumyl -5F-P7AICA in a pig model, which was shown to be suitable for TK studies of SCs. A 200 µg/kg body weight dose of cumyl -5F-P7AICA was administered intravenously (n = 6) or inhalatively (n = 10) via an ultrasonic nebulizer to pigs. Blood specimens were repeatedly drawn over 6 h and the concentrations of cumyl -5F-P7AICA as well as its N -pentanoic acid (NPA) metabolite were determined using a fully validated LC–MS/MS method. Based on the concentration–time profiles, a population TK analysis yielded a three-compartment model for the TK of cumyl -5F-P7AICA, whilst a two-compartment model described the NPA best. The incorporation of transit compartments accounts for the time delay between the appearance of cumyl -5F-P7AICA and NPA in serum. Finally, the model was upscaled to humans using allometric scaling. In comparison to older SCs, a higher volume of distribution was determined for cumyl -5F-P7AICA. No further relevant differences of the TK properties were observed. Insertion of a carboxamide moiety into the chemical structure of SCs does not appear to have only minor influence on the TK.

Submarine groundwater discharge as a major nutrient source in river‐fed vs. tidally dominated estuaries - Stephanie J. Wilson; Joseph J. Tamborski; Bongkeun Song; Peter Bernhardt; Margaret R. Mulholland (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
The tidal tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay experience seasonally recurring harmful algal blooms and the significance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a nutrient vector is largely unknown. Here, we determined seasonal SGD nutrient loads in two tributaries with contrasting hydrodynamic conditions, river‐fed (York River) vs. tidally dominated (Lafayette River). Radon surveys were performed in each river to quantify SGD at the embayment‐scale during spring and fall 2021. Total SGD was determined from a 222 Rn mass balance and Monte Carlo simulations. Submarine groundwater discharge rates differed by a factor of two during spring (Lafayette = 11 ± 17 cm d −1 ; York = 6 ± 10 cm d −1 ) and a factor of six during fall (Lafayette = 19 ± 27 cm d −1 ; York = 3 ± 7 cm d −1 ). Groundwater N concentrations and fluxes varied seasonally in the York (4–7 mmol N m −2 d −1 ). In the Lafayette River, seasonal N fluxes (22–37 mmol N m −2 d −1 ) were driven by seasonal water exchange rates, likely due to recurrent saltwater intrusion. Submarine groundwater discharge–derived nutrient fluxes were orders of magnitude greater than riverine inputs and runoff in each system. Additionally, sediment N removal by denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation would only remove ~ 1–11% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen supplied through SGD. The continued recurrence of harmful algal blooms in the Bay's tidal tributaries may be indicative of an under‐accounting of submarine groundwater‐borne nutrient sources. This study highlights the importance of including SGD in water quality models used to advise restoration efforts in the Chesapeake Bay region and beyond.

The effect of downstream translocation on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt outmigration success - Ruaidhri Forrester; Hannele M. Honkanen; Jessie Lilly; Amy Green; Jessica R. Rodger; Brian A. Shields; Philip Ramsden; J. Peter Koene; Melanie Fletcher; Colin W. Bean; Colin E. Adams (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
Trap and transport, the capture and subsequent translocation of fish during the freshwater phase of their migration, is becoming more common as a management intervention. Although the technique can be successful, it is costly and can have unintended effects on the fish being transported. This study investigates whether trap and transport can be used to increase the migration success of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , smolts in naturally flowing rivers. Seaward‐migrating S. salar ( n = 294) from two UK rivers were tracked using acoustic telemetric techniques. Outmigration success and timing were compared between non‐transported (released at the original in‐river capture site) and transported (released ca. 23 km downstream of the capture site) individuals. Downstream translocation increased the proportion of fish that successfully migrated to marine waters, and there was no indication that transport reduced post‐release survival. The post‐release migration speed of transported fish was slower than expected but this was likely a function of their advanced migration timing rather than an inhibition of their capacity to migrate. These results suggest that trap and transport can increase the outmigration success of S. salar smolts, but the earlier river exit dates of transported fish could negatively affect their survival at sea.

Global Marine Flyways Identified for Long‐Distance Migrating Seabirds From Tracking Data - Joanne M. Morten; Ana P. B. Carneiro; Martin Beal; Anne‐Sophie Bonnet‐Lebrun; Maria P. Dias; Marie‐Morgane Rouyer; Autumn‐Lynn Harrison; Jacob González‐Solís; Victoria R. Jones; Virginia A. Garcia Alonso; Michelle Antolos; Javier A. Arata; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim To identify the broad‐scale oceanic migration routes (‘marine flyways’) used by multiple pelagic, long‐distance migratory seabirds based on a global compilation of tracking data. Location Global. Time Period 1989–2023. Major Taxa Studied Seabirds (Families: Phaethontidae, Hydrobatidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Laridae and Stercorariidae). Methods We collated a comprehensive global tracking dataset that included the migratory routes of 48 pelagic and long‐distance migrating seabird species across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans. We grouped individuals that followed similar routes, independent of species or timings of migration, using a dynamic time warping clustering approach. We visualised the routes of each cluster using a line density analysis and used knowledge of seabird spatial ecology to combine the clusters to identify the broad‐scale flyways followed by most pelagic migratory seabirds tracked to‐date at an ocean‐basin scale. Results Six marine flyways were identified across the world's oceans: the Atlantic Ocean Flyway, North Indian Ocean Flyway, East Indian Ocean Flyway, West Pacific Ocean Flyway, Pacific Ocean Flyway and Southern Ocean Flyway. Generally, the flyways were used bidirectionally, and individuals either followed sections of a flyway, a complete flyway, or their movements linked two or more flyways. Transhemispheric figure‐of‐eight routes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a circumnavigation flyway in the Southern Ocean correspond with major wind ‐ driven ocean currents. Main Conclusions The marine flyways identified demonstrate that pelagic seabirds have similar and repeatable migration routes across ocean‐basin scales. Our study highlights the need to account for connectivity in seabird conservation and provides a framework for international cooperation.

Systematic conservation prioritization with the prioritizr R package - Jeffrey O. Hanson; Richard Schuster; Matthew Strimas‐Mackey; Nina Morrell; Brandon P. M. Edwards; Peter Arcese; Joseph R. Bennett; Hugh P. Possingham (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Plans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) need to fulfill conservation objectives. They also need to account for other factors, such as economic feasibility and anthropogenic land‐use requirements. Although prioritizations are often generated with decision support tools, most tools have limitations that hinder their use for decision‐making. We outlined how the prioritizr R package ( https://prioritizr.net ) can be used for systematic conservation prioritization. This decision support tool provides a flexible interface to build conservation planning problems. It can leverage a variety of commercial (e.g., Gurobi) and open‐source (e.g., CBC and SYMPHONY) exact algorithm solvers to identify optimal solutions in a short period. It is also compatible with a variety of spatially explicit (e.g., ESRI Shapefile, GeoTIFF) and nonspatial tabular (e.g., Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet) data formats. Additionally, it provides functionality for evaluating prioritizations, such as assessing the relative importance of different places selected by a prioritization. To showcase the prioritizr R package, we applied it to a case study based in Washington state (United States) for which we developed a prioritization to improve protected area coverage of native avifauna. We accounted for land acquisition costs, existing protected areas, places that might not be suitable for protected area establishment, and spatial fragmentation. We also conducted a benchmark analysis to examine the performance of different solvers. The prioritization identified 12,400 km 2 of priority areas for increasing the percentage of species’ distributions covered by protected areas. Although open source and commercial solvers were able to quickly solve large‐scale conservation planning problems, commercial solvers were required for complex, large‐scale problems.. The prioritizr R package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). In addition to reserve selection, it can inform habitat restoration, connectivity enhancement, and ecosystem service provisioning. It has been used in numerous conservation planning exercises to inform best practices and aid real‐world decision‐making.

Review of ecological valuation and equivalency analysis methods for assessing temperate nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation - Rachel E. Pausch; Jessica R. Hale; Peter Kiffney; Beth Sanderson; Sara Azat; Katie Barnas; W. Bryant Chesney; Natalie Cosentino‐Manning; Stephanie Ehinger; Dayv Lowry; Steve Marx (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Nearshore seagrass, kelp, and other macroalgae beds (submerged aquatic vegetation [SAV]) are productive and important ecosystems. Mitigating anthropogenic impacts on these habitats requires tools to quantify their ecological value and the debits and credits of impact and mitigation. To summarize and clarify the state of SAV habitat quantification and available tools, we searched peer‐reviewed literature and other agency documents for methods that either assigned ecological value to or calculated equivalencies between impact and mitigation in SAV. Out of 47 tools, there were 11 equivalency methods, 7 of which included a valuation component. The remaining valuation methods were most commonly designed for seagrasses and rocky intertidal macroalgae rather than canopy‐forming kelps. Tools were often designed to address specific resource policies and associated habitat evaluation. Frequent categories of tools and methods included those associated with habitat equivalency analyses and those that scored habitats relative to reference or ideal conditions, including models designed for habitat suitability indices and the European Union's Water and Marine Framework Directives. Over 29 tool input metrics spanned 3 spatial scales of SAV: individual shoots or stipes, bed or site, and landscape or region. The most common metric used for both seagrasses and macroalgae was cover. Seagrass tools also often employed density measures, and some categories used measures of tissue content (e.g., carbon, nitrogen). Macroalgal tools for rocky intertidal habitats frequently included species richness or incorporated indicator species to assess habitat. We provide a flowchart for decision‐makers to identify representative tools that may apply to their specific management needs.

Dynamic proportional loss of functional connectivity revealed change of left superior frontal gyrus in subjective cognitive decline: an explanatory study based on Chinese and Western cohorts - Luyao Wang; Wenjing Hu; Fan Dong; Can Sheng; Jinglong Wu; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

5-HT2C agonism as a neurotherapeutic for sarcopenia: preclinical proof of concept - Nathan R. Kerr; Anna R. Dashtmian; Fereshteh B. Darvishi; Charles D. Brennan; Sindhuja N. Ayyagari; Peter J. Moore; Jose A. Viteri; Meifang Wang; Mark M. Rich; Brian C. Clark; W. David Arnold (GeroScience, 2025)

The bright and dark side of blue-enriched light on sleep and activity in older adults - Débora Barroggi Constantino; Katharina A. Lederle; Benita Middleton; Victoria L. Revell; Tracey L. Sletten; Peter Williams; Debra J. Skene; Daan R. van der Veen (GeroScience, 2025)
Low indoor light in urban housing can disrupt health and wellbeing, especially in older adults who experience reduced light sensitivity and sleep/circadian disruptions with natural aging. While controlled studies suggest that enhancing indoor lighting may alleviate the negative effects of reduced light sensitivity, evidence for this to be effective in the real world is lacking. This study investigates the effects of two light conditions on actigraphic rest-activity rhythms and subjective sleep in healthy older adults (≥ 60 years) living at home. Two photon-matched lights were compared; a control white light (4000 K) and a blue-enriched white light (17000 K) at two different intensities (300–450 lx and 1100–1200 lx respectively). Participants ( n = 36, 25 female) completed an 11-week randomized, cross-over study, comprising 1 week of baseline, 3 weeks of self-administered light exposure (2 h in the morning and 2 h in the evening), and 2 weeks of washout for each light condition. Participants completed sleep diaries, wore a wrist actigraph and a light sensor necklace, and collected urine to measure 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Longer duration of morning blue-enriched light significantly improved rest-activity rhythm stability and decreased sleep fragmentation. More time spent above 2500 lx increased actigraphy amplitude, daytime activity, and advanced bedtime. Evening light exposure, however, increased sleep latency and lowered sleep efficiency. Our findings show morning blue-enriched light is beneficial whereas evening light should be avoided. Optimal timing of self-administered light interventions thus may offer a promising strategy to improve sleep and rest-activity rhythms in older adults in real-world settings.

A Metapopulation Model to Assess Water Management Impacts on the Threatened Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri - Charles R. Todd; Andrew J. McDougall; Scott M. C. Raymond; Robin Hale; Timothy R. Brown; John D. Koehn; Henry F. Wootton; Steven G. Brooks; Adrian M. Kitchingman; Tom Espinoza; Benjamin G. Fanson; Peter K. Kind; et al. (Fishes, 2025)
The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, is one of the world’s oldest vertebrate lineages, with a slow life-history and threatened status, requiring immediate conservation efforts. The main threats to lungfish populations are degradation and availability of key macrophyte habitats, water regulation and flow modification. As this long-lived species (at least 77 years) has delayed maturity (mature at 10 years), field monitoring alone will not be enough to inform the challenge of ensuring sustainable populations. A stochastic metapopulation model was developed for the Burnett River (Southeast Queensland, Australia), an important habitat for the lungfish that is a highly regulated system with extensive water infrastructure. The model consists of three interacting populations, where the ecology and biology of the species were translated into an 80-year-class population projection matrix for each population, each with post-development streamflow, habitat and movement rules. The model highlights the longer-term interaction between dams and stream flows on habitat availability and subsequent recruitment. Through a pre-development streamflow, we quantify the impact of high regulation and development on the lungfish population in the Burnett River: a minor decline in the upstream population (e.g., 9.8% decline), a large decline in the middle population (64.2% decline), virtually no change in the downstream population (e.g., 1.2% decline) and a moderate decline in the overall metapopulation (e.g., 22.3% decline). The loss of spawning and feeding habitat remains the main reason for population decline, with implications that the loss will lead to greater pressure on remaining downstream habitat due to combined flow and dam effects and, in turn, to extended periods of recovery of spawning habitat. Our modeling approach substantially advances conservation management of this species, as it can be adapted to suit other populations in other river systems and used to test sensitivity to recovery actions.

Identification of late Holocene kōwhai ( Sophora , Leguminosae) seeds from Central Otago dry rock shelters using nuclear DNA markers - Peter B. Heenan; Lara D. Shepherd; Benjamin Teele; Jamie R. Wood (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2025)

Plastid DNA from the extinct Trilepidea adamsii confirms its close relationship to Alepis and Peraxilla (Loranthaceae) - Peter B. Heenan; Rob D. Smissen; Theresa L. Cole; Jamie R. Wood (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2025)

Shortfalls in the protection of Important Shark and Ray Areas undermine shark conservation efforts in the Central and South American Pacific - Théophile L. Mouton; Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana; Christoph A. Rohner; Ryan Charles; Emiliano García-Rodríguez; Peter M. Kyne; Amanda Batlle-Morera; Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara; Asia O. Armstrong; Enzo Acuña; Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto; Randall Arauz; et al. (Marine Policy, 2025)

A mathematical proof comparing the statistical properties between two common approaches for parameterizing sex-composition likelihoods in fishery stock assessments - Matthew LH. Cheng; Peter-John F. Hulson; Daniel R. Goethel; Curry J. Cunningham (Fisheries Research, 2025)

Faecal contamination determines bacterial assemblages over natural environmental parameters within intermittently opened and closed lagoons (ICOLLs) during high rainfall - Nathan L.R. Williams; Nachshon Siboni; Jaimie Potts; Peter Scanes; Colin Johnson; Melanie James; Vanessa McCann; Nine Le Reun; William L King; Justin R. Seymour (Water Research, 2025)

Avenues towards reconciling wild and managed bee proponents - Alexis L. Beaurepaire; Katja Hogendoorn; David Kleijn; Gard W. Otis; Simon G. Potts; Theresa L. Singer; Samuel Boff; Christian Pirk; Josef Settele; Robert J. Paxton; Nigel E. Raine; Simone Tosi; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025 - William J. Sutherland; Peter N.M. Brotherton; Holly M. Butterworth; Stewart J. Clarke; Tammy E. Davies; Nigel Doar; Nafeesa Esmail; Erica Fleishman; Kevin J. Gaston; James E. Herbert-Read; Alice C. Hughes; Jonathan Hughes; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2025)

Implications of plastic ingestion on the growth and fledging success of shearwaters - Peter S. Puskic; Jamie Graham-Blair; Emerenna Burgess; Andrew R. Bridle; Mary-Anne Lea; Lauren Roman (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Carcass chilling method and electrical stimulation effects on meat quality and color in lamb - Maggie A. Mickelson; Robyn D. Warner; Rod J. Polkinghorne; Dennis L. Seman; Peter M. Crump; James R. Claus (Meat Science, 2025)

A theoretical model for focal adhesion and cytoskeleton formation in non-motile cells - Gordon R. McNicol; Matthew J. Dalby; Peter S. Stewart (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

Humboldt review: The role of Ancestral MicroRNAs in grass inflorescence development - Reyhaneh Ebrahimi Khaksefidi; Weiwei Chen; Chaoqun Shen; Peter Langridge; Matthew R. Tucker; Dabing Zhang (Journal of Plant Physiology, 2025)