Biogeochemical markers in juvenile Leach's storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous) stranded offshore are distinct from inshore stranded juveniles and nestlings - Anne N.M.A. Ausems; Sophie Roy; Alexander L. Bond; Laura Crick; Joshua T. Cunningham; April Hedd; Laura A. McFarlane Tranquilla; Jennifer C. Rock; Robert A. Ronconi; Katharine R. Studholme; Christopher R.E. Ward; Sabina I. Wilhelm; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2026)

A novel method for generating optimal DTM in tropical peatlands using GEDI and ICESat-2 observations - Yuan Sun; Huan Xie; Xiaohua Tong; Yi Li; Alexander R. Cobb; Rahayu S. Sukri; Muhammad Arif bin Haji Selamat; Hao Tang (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

Evolutionary trends of postcanine dentition in Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Carnivora, Hyaenidae): The contribution of Early Pleistocene Crimean fossils - Daniyar R. Khantemirov; Alexander V. Lavrov; Dmitriy O. Gimranov; Alexey V. Lopatin (Palaeoworld, 2026)

From bycatch to litter: a systematic map of the ecological impacts of fishing in European seas - Esther D. Beukhof; Sven Sebastian Uhlmann; Karin J. van der Reijden; Aikaterini Anastasopoulou; Miren Altuna-Etxabe; Amaia Astarloa; Oihane C. Basurko; Logan Binch; Joanna K. Bluemel; Pierluigi Carbonara; Grete E. Dinesen; Ole R. Eigaard; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2026)

Investigating the effects of membrane curvature inducing proteins on lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Laura R. K. Niemelä; Isabell Tunn; Alexander D. Frey (Molecular Biology Reports, 2026)
Background Reticulons (Rtn1p, Rtn2p) and Yop1p are proteins shaping the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane curvature their function being to a large degree responsible for molding the membrane curvature in the tubular ER area. Lipid biosynthesis mainly takes place in the tubular parts of the ER and lipid droplets are formed in the tubular ER membrane. Nucleation constitutes the rate-limiting step in lipid droplet formation and is modulated by membrane curvature; specifically increasing membrane curvature lowers the activation energy required for lipid lens nucleation. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects, modifying the ER membrane curvature would have on lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Methods and results We created and screened strains overexpressing different combinations of the membrane curvature inducing genes RTN1 , RTN2 and YOP1 and additionally the gene inducing ER membrane expansion, DGK1 , in four different genetic strain backgrounds. We examined the strains by microscopy and quantified lipid composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that overexpressing membrane curvature inducing proteins decreases the size of the lipid droplets. A reduction in lipid droplet size was accompanied by an apparent increase in their number. We observed that the change in cell size seemed to be partially connected to the strain background. We also noticed altered lipid composition which was linked to the strain backgrounds. Conclusions Overexpression of curvature inducing proteins affected lipid droplet size and number, presumably by affecting nucleation. However, the morphological changes of lipid droplets were not accompanied by increased lipid production. Our findings provide a basis for future research on how ER structure modifications influence the lipid droplet dynamics in S. cerevisiae .

Development of endothelial injury under chemical hypoxia: early migration impairment precedes cytotoxicity in CoCl2-treated EA.hy926 cells - Andrey E. Kolesnikov; Anastasia A. Petrova; Vadim R. Cherednichenko; Natalia V. Elizova; Nadezhda P. Gladysheva; Elena N. Zakharova; Tatiana V. Kirichenko; Alexander M. Markin (Molecular Biology Reports, 2026)

Tegula funebralis populations possess distinct aperture shapes corresponding to an energy and predation gradient - Nathaniel E.D. Morley; William Johnston-Gramlich; Zoe Risley; Alexander G. Baxter; Janet Alexander; Lindsey R. Leighton (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2026)

Prenatal and lactational nitrate exposure in drinking water induces modest alterations in offspring sensorimotor development, physiology and adult locomotor activity in a rat model - Leaf R. Kardol; Avalon Gray; Alexander N. Larcombe; Christine Jeffries-Stokes; Annette Stokes; Sarah Bourke; Sujata Shinde; Kevin Croft; Caitlin S. Wyrwoll (Environmental Pollution, 2026)

Behavioural phenotyping in red deer: Machine learning classification of accelerometer data from micro-movements to grazing - Alexander R.H. Matthews; Lindsay R. Matthews; Bart R.H. Geurten (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2026)

Bioaccumulation of trace elements by Leach's storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous) in the North and South Atlantic Ocean during the non-breeding period - Catherine Potvin; Manon Sorais; Robert A. Ronconi; Katharine R. Studholme; April Hedd; Alexander L. Bond; Vegard S. Bråthen; Sydney M. Collins; Laura Crick; Joshua T. Cunningham; Anne N.M.A. Ausems; David A. Fifield; et al. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2026)

High-resolution L-band VOD retrieval using GNSS-T–calibrated multi-sensor fusion and self-supervised learning - Mahya G.Z. Hashemi; John D. Bolten; Alexandra G. Konings; Thomas R. Holmes; Vincent Humphrey; Andrew F. Feldman; Yitong Yao; Michael Niederberger; Alexander Damm (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

The Apalachicola Barrier Island complex: a benchmark for MIS 5e (125 ka) sea-level oscillations? - Nikos Georgiou; Alexander R. Simms; Roger C. Creel; Silas Dean; Denovan Chauveau; Ciro Cerrone; Claudia Caporizzo; Alessio Rovere (Geomorphology, 2026)

Host immune response to lumpy skin disease virus - Shahana Ahmed; Abigail Trinidad; Henry M. Munyanduki; Timothy R. Bowden; Nagendrakumar Singanallur Balasubramanian; Kelly Stanger; Marina R. Alexander (Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2026)

Guiding private afforestation to raise public goods provision: Understanding farmers' multi-dimensional preferences for trees in India - Danny Tobin; Alexander Pfaff; Jeffrey R. Vincent; Anubhav Vanamamalai; Krithi K. Karanth (Ecological Economics, 2026)

Beyond the uniform: uncovering structural complexity within Adélie penguin colonies - Lana Lenourry; Loïcka M. R. Baille; Olivier Barge; Jean-Yves Barnagaud; Téo Barracho; Simon Benhamou; Aymeric Houstin; Adélie Krellenstein; Nicolas Lecomte; Sebastian Richter; Alexander Winterl; Daniel P. Zitterbart; et al. (Polar Biology, 2026)

Climate Attribution in Fishery Stock Assessment: Case Studies From the Northeast U.S. Groundfish Stocks - Lisa A. Kerr; Jamie T. Behan; Steven X. Cadrin; Alexander C. Hansell; Amanda R. Hart; Jessica A. Kittel; Scott I. Large; Timothy J. Miller; Abigail S. Tyrell (Fish and Fisheries, 2026)
Climate change poses an unprecedented risk to fisheries ecosystems and economies globally. Ocean warming has led to observed geographic shifts and changes in the productivity of fish stocks. Due to the rapid pace of change in many of the world's oceans, there is a critical need to develop and apply scientific knowledge and tools that can help account for non‐stationarity and integrate climate and ecosystem drivers into fishery stock assessment to improve management outcomes. We developed a structured approach to identify and integrate the impact of climate and ecosystem change on fish stock dynamics in the context of stock assessment processes. We describe lessons learned in the application of this approach to groundfish stock assessment processes in the Northeast U.S. (American plaice, Atlantic cod and yellowtail flounder). The approach involves three general steps: (1) synthesizing the state of knowledge on stock‐climate relationships, (2) accounting for climate impacts on key data inputs and biological parameters that inform assessments, and (3) developing and evaluating the performance of climate informed stock assessment models. This approach represents an advance in climate attribution within stock assessment and is expected to enhance assessment performance and projection realism, supporting fisheries decision‐making for future resource sustainability.

Toxic in vitro effects of flavoured-air inhalers containing essential oils in differentiated human nasal epithelial cells at air–liquid interface - Alexander N. Larcombe; E. E. Catchpole; P. Hopper; S. Stanley; A. Kicic; K. R. Landwehr (Archives of Toxicology, 2026)
Flavoured-air inhalers containing essential oils are marketed as safe, natural alternatives to smoking and vaping, yet their potential respiratory toxicity remains effectively unexamined. Manufacturers claim safety based on "100% natural" ingredients, despite evidence that essential oil inhalation can cause adverse respiratory effects. Our objective was to assess the in vitro toxicity of six commercially available flavoured-air products on human nasal airway epithelial cells. Differentiated air–liquid interface cultures of primary nasal airway epithelial cells from eight healthy adults were exposed for one hour to air (control) or flavoured air from three devices (Füm, Lio, Cigtrus; two flavours each) generated by drawing air through essential oil-infused cores at a continuous airflow of 1 L/min for one hour into an 1000 mL exposure chamber. Outcomes included transepithelial electrical resistance, cytotoxicity, protein release, cytokine/chemokine profiling and histological assessment. Chemical analysis characterised the chemical composition of device cores and identified 29 compounds across the six products, including the possible carcinogen pulegone and cytotoxic cinnamaldehyde. Five of six flavours significantly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance indicating compromised epithelial barrier integrity. Mediator responses were compartment-specific: apical surfaces showed predominantly pro-inflammatory profiles while basal release was broadly suppressed. Histological analysis revealed reduced cilia coverage, fewer mucus-producing cells, and decreased epithelial thickness across multiple treatments. This study shows that a single one-hour exposure to flavoured-air vapour led to epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and structural damage in healthy human nasal airway epithelial cells, contradicting manufacturer safety claims. Rigorous toxicological evaluation of these products is urgently needed.

A novel blood biomarker for plastic ingestion in fledgling procellariiform seabirds - Alix M. de Jersey; Jennifer L. Lavers; Alexander L. Bond; Richard Wilson; Jack C. Shick; Cindy M. Charlton Shick; William M. Connelly; Graeme R. Zosky; Jack Rivers-Auty (Environmental Research, 2026)

Toxicity of plastic diesel exhaust in primary human airway epithelial cell cultures - Katherine R. Landwehr; Wisam K. Hussam; Md Nurun Nabi; Md Islam Jahirul; Mohammad G. Rasul; Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury; Arne Bredin; Emma Catchpole; Anthony Kicic; Alexander N. Larcombe; Benjamin J. Mullins (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2026)

Acorn woodpeckers alter resource use, group size, and spring productivity across an urban landscape - Olivia R. Knapp; Kendra E. Forster; Alexander J. Rurik; Isabelle Hugoniot; Eric S. Reyes; Peter B. Schramm; Corban A. Muthiah; Aaron Wong; Seth C. Wilmoth; Sophia L. McRae; Caleb Courson; Theodore J. Patterson; et al. (Urban Ecosystems, 2026)
Access to suitable resources shapes the evolution and maintenance of avian cooperative breeding by influencing whether an individual will have a greater chance of survival and reproduction by dispersing or remaining on a natal territory. Cooperatively-breeding species exhibit altered dispersal according to food availability and habitat quality, but the relationship between resource use, group size, and reproduction in human-altered landscapes remains to be studied. We examined how urbanization, key resource availability, and resource use relate to differences in group size and number of offspring in an urban population of facultative cooperatively-breeding acorn woodpeckers. Acorn woodpeckers shifted to increased use of ornamental trees, palms, and anthropogenic structures for granaries in more urbanized areas and where oak trees, a key historic food and granary resource, are in lower abundance and proximity. Pair breeding was more prevalent in urbanized areas and seemed to be primarily associated with use of utility poles for granaries. In general, territories with utility poles as granaries and higher urbanization levels hosted smaller group sizes. In contrast, while the number of fledglings was higher in larger groups, it did not vary with urban resources when controlling for group size. Our findings suggest that land conversion levels and the relative availability of historic and novel resources shape habitat quality, resulting in differing patterns of group living and subsequent productivity across the urban landscape. This indicates that while novel resources may enable wildlife to occupy urban areas, they may also influence the social behavior of facultative cooperative breeders.

β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor mediated spontaneous contractions and ryanodine receptor channel opening in human failing heart - Weilan Mo; Nicole A. Beard; Katherine T. Gillette-Browne; Karen Hay; Elizabeth Cheesman; Alexander Dashwood; Melanie Spratt; Annalese B. Semmler; Yee Weng Wong; Haris Haqqani; Derek R. Laver; Torsten Christ; et al. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2026)
In heart failure, β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-Gsα-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signalling predisposes to delayed-afterdepolarisation-mediated arrhythmias. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyse cAMP, and PDE3 restrains β 1 -AR, β 2 -AR-mediated inotropic responses in failing hearts from β-blocker-treated patients. Whether these receptors provoke arrhythmias through ryanodine receptor (RyR2) dysregulation, and how PDE activity and prior β-blockade treatment modify this, is undefined. We sought to define how β 1 -AR and β 2 -AR activation provokes arrhythmias through RyR2 mechanisms in explanted human failing hearts, and how PDE activity and prior β-blocker therapy modulate this response. A diastolic model of ventricular arrhythmia using human right ventricular trabeculae with pacing stopped was used. Trabeculae were exposed to (-)-noradrenaline/(-)-adrenaline to activate β 1 -AR/β 2 -AR respectively with or without PDE inhibitors and monitored for spontaneous contractions. In parallel, sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from trabeculae were used to assess RyR2 channel function, phosphorylation and oxidation. Activation of β 1 -AR or β 2 -AR increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions, concomitant increases in diastolic RyR2 channel opening, phosphorylation and oxidation. Trabeculae from carvedilol-treated patients showed fewer β 2 -AR-mediated spontaneous contractions than those treated with β 1 -AR blockers. The PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide augmented β 2 -AR-mediated spontaneous contractions, RyR2 channel opening and Ser2808 phosphorylation. In human failing heart, β 1 -AR or β 2 -AR activation increased arrhythmic contractions associated with greater diastolic RyR2 channel opening, phosphorylation and oxidation. PDE3 attenuated β 2 -AR-mediated arrhythmic contractions, RyR2 channel opening and Ser2808 hyperphosphorylation. These findings suggest that combining β 1 - and β 2 -AR blockade with strategies that reduce RyR2 Ca 2+ leak and preserve RyR2-associated PDE3 activity may improve arrhythmia control in heart failure. Graphical abstract The arrhythmogenic human failing heart. Figure shows β 1 -AR, β 2 -AR mediated arrhythmia mechanisms in human HF. Activated β 1 -AR or β 2 -AR couple to the Gsα-protein-adenylyl cyclase signalling pathway to increase cyclic AMP, activation of PKA with consequent phosphorylation of RyR2. Other changes to RyR2 include oxidation and dissociation of FKBP12.6 (Walweel et al. 2017; Denniss et al. 2020). The changes contribute to Ca 2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through RyR2 during diastole to cause outward transport of Ca 2+ /inward transport of Na + through the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger resulting in DAD induced action potentials, depolarization of the myocyte and arrhythmic contractions (Walweel et al. 2017; Denniss et al. 2020). The β 2 -AR pathway that mediates arrhythmia generation is under the control of PDE3 (this paper).

Tropical Pacific teleconnection to Southwestern US precipitation in the historical observations and climate change projections - Rosa Luna-Niño; Alexander Gershunov; Alexander Weyant; Christopher M. Castellano; Daniel R. Cayan; Julie Kalansky; Kristen Guirguis; Rachel Clemesha; Michael J. DeFlorio (Climate Dynamics, 2026)
Seasonal precipitation over the Southwestern United States (SWUS) has been historically linked to Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. However, the strength and spatial expression of this teleconnection vary over time, and ENSO does not always produce the expected canonical precipitation response. Precipitation anomalies opposite to those predicted by the canonical ENSO signal are referred to as heretical; atmospheric rivers play an important role in these unexpected outcomes. This study evaluates how well CMIP6 models represent the historical ENSO-SWUS precipitation teleconnection (ESP Teleconnection) and explores its possible future variability under climate change. Using observations and CMIP6 simulations, we analyze correlations between December Niño3.4 SST anomalies and January–March precipitation. The temporal variability of the ESP Teleconnection is examined based on 31-year running window correlations and compared with stochastic envelopes derived from synthetic time series. Observations show that the ESP Teleconnection operates intermittently, being strongest around 1970–2000, weakest before 1950, and weakening again in recent decades, consistent with stochastic sampling variability. CMIP6 models reproduce a wide range of ESP Teleconnection strengths, within the stochastic variability envelopes, but most simulations overrepresent the canonical ENSO influence on SWUS precipitation. Although heretical winters might be underrepresented in models, their occurrence, as in observations, is often associated with anomalous atmospheric river activity. Future projections do not indicate a robust strengthening or weakening of the ESP Teleconnection across models; even models that capture the observed range of historical variability show divergent futures.

Climate-driven pulses: interannual variability of polychaete communities in an Arctic fjord - Dinara R. Dikaeva; Alexander G. Dvoretsky (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2026)

Spatial Genetic Structure and Diversity Reveal Central‐Marginal Patterns in the Rare Freshwater Mussel, Pleurobema riddellii - Alexander S. Zalmat; Matthew Harrison; Brad Littrell; Kyle T. Sullivan; Charles R. Randklev; Timothy H. Bonner; Noland H. Martin (Journal of Biogeography, 2026)
Aim This study sought to evaluate how historical drainage connectivity and contemporary basin isolation have shaped population genetic structure and diversity in an imperilled species of freshwater mussel, Pleurobema riddellii. Location Covers the range of P. riddellii , spanning seven river basins of the Gulf Coastal Plains of the southern USA, including the San Jacinto, Neches, Sabine, Calcasieu, Red, Ouachita and Pearl river systems. Methods A genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset was generated using a restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing approach. After filtering and assembly, a dataset consisting of 12,062 SNP loci from 351 individuals was retained. Population genetic structure was evaluated using principal components analysis and a Bayesian clustering model, ENTROPY. Genetic differentiation among river basins was quantified using Nei's G ST and patterns of genetic diversity were assessed using observed heterozygosity and Watterson's θ . Results Population genetic analyses revealed structuring that corresponded closely with river basin boundaries. Centrally distributed populations from the Neches, Sabine and Calcasieu basins formed a genetically cohesive group characterised by low genetic differentiation and elevated genetic diversity. Marginal populations from the San Jacinto, Red, Ouachita and Pearl basins exhibited higher levels of genetic differentiation and reduced genetic diversity. Main Conclusions Here, we demonstrate a central‐marginal pattern in genomic structure and diversity across the range of P. riddellii . These results suggest that historical hydrological connectivity, coupled with prolonged isolation and reduced effective population sizes at range margins, likely played a role in shaping standing genomic variation in this system. More broadly, the genomic structure observed in P. riddellii is consistent with other unionid mussels in the region, highlighting the contributions of historical hydrological configurations in structuring freshwater biodiversity.

The MIREN Road Survey Database: Standardized Vegetation Sampling to Advance Our Understanding of Biodiversity Responses in Mountain Systems Across the Globe - Sylvia Haider; Jonas J. Lembrechts; Jake Alexander; Vincent Ralph Clark; Lisa J. Rew; Meike Buhaly; Marc Achermann; Alla Aleksanyan; Alisa Alvarez; Marco Andrello; José R. Arévalo; Valeria Aschero; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Motivation The database initiated by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) is one of the few globally implemented standardized vegetation surveys in mountains. The focus is on collecting plant species occurrences at 5‐year intervals along and adjacent to mountain roads spanning elevational gradients, with the goal of providing critical information about the ongoing spread of non‐native plants and the potential impacts of climate and human‐caused disturbance in the form of road infrastructure on mountain vegetation. Main Types of Variables Contained To date, the database contains almost 170,000 georeferenced records of plant species. Overall, 6854 vascular plant species were observed in 3364 plots across 25 regions, with many of these plots being revisited every 5 years. Each plot is identified by its coordinates, elevation and distance to the road. The status of each individual species (native, non‐native or unknown) is determined in accordance with regional databases. Spatial Location and Grain Plant species were surveyed at 20 sample sites, placed at regular elevational intervals along each mountain road, with typically three roads selected per region. Each sample site is subdivided into three 2 m × 50 m plots, one parallel to the road and two perpendicular to it, extending into adjacent vegetation. The 25 studied regions cover all continents except Antarctica. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 2007 and 2023, with surveys being repeated at 5‐year intervals in a subset of regions. Three regions include four time‐steps, while seven and three regions were sampled three times or twice, respectively. In most regions, long‐term monitoring is ongoing. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement All vascular plant species. Software Format Data are available through a .csv file on Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15749536 ).

TEAD inhibitor induced switch in energy metabolism drives human podocyte injury in vitro - Alexander Zielinski; Julia Hauptstein; Bernd Baier; Peter Schaarschmidt; Natalie Ketter; Daniel R. Dietrich; Florian Meier (Archives of Toxicology, 2026)
Early detection and understanding of the potential adverse effects of a drug candidate is of utmost importance to reduce the attrition rate during drug development while delivering safe medications to patients. The kidney is one of the most frequently challenged organs involved in drug-induced toxicity, including general glomerulopathy and podocyte- specific cytotoxicity with ensuing overt proteinuria. Whilst TEAD inhibitors address the need for treatment of mesotheliomas and other tumours unaffected by approved drugs, animal testing and clinical trials provide evidence of renal toxicity induced by this novel class of drugs. Here we present an in vitro test system consisting of immortalized human podocytes PODO/TERT256 to characterize the potential adverse effects of TEAD inhibitors. We demonstrate that TEAD inhibitors K-975, IK-930 and VT-107 affect the podocyte monolayer in a wide dose range (33.3–100 µM), disrupt the cellular vesicle system, and subsequently induce cell death, especially after exposure to pan-TEAD inhibitors (VT-107 and K-975). Of note, low micromolar concentrations of TEAD inhibitors lowered mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation directly after exposure which was confirmed by reduced basal ATP levels after 3 d of exposure. In summary, the in vitro human podocyte model presented can characterize glomerular filtration functionality decline subsequent to TEAD inhibitor exposure and thus represents a promising model for early detection and prediction of potential drug related glomerulopathy in humans.

Longitudinal lipidomic markers of cardiac aging and risk of coronary heart disease in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study - Mingjing Chen; Yixi Sun; Guanhong Miao; Xiaoxiao Wen; Alexander C. Razavi; Camilo Fernandez; Mary J. Roman; Richard B. Devereux; Richard R. Fabsitz; Ying Zhang; Jason G. Umans; Shelley A. Cole; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Age-related decline in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is a hallmark of cardiac aging and an early precursor to cardiovascular disease. While dyslipidemia is a known driver of coronary heart disease (CHD), the molecular pathways linking lipid metabolism to cardiac aging and subsequent CHD risk remain poorly understood. Furthermore, longitudinal lipidomic profiling of cardiac aging in large human populations has not been systematically conducted. Using an untargeted LC–MS, we repeatedly measured 1542 fasting plasma lipid species in 1801 American Indians across two clinical exams in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) (mean age at baseline: 40.0 years; mean interval: 5.5 years apart). We examined longitudinal associations between individual lipid species and measures of cardiac aging (E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and deceleration time) using generalized estimation equation (GEE), adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Significant associations were then replicated in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) (mean age at baseline: 48.1 years). Frailty Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine whether cardiac aging-related lipids predicted incident CHD over a 20-year follow-up. We found that multiple lipid species, primarily glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingomyelins, were associated with measures of cardiac aging, with the majority showing inverse associations. Some of these associations were confirmed in a biracial cohort of African American and White participants. Additionally, baseline levels of specific glycerophospholipids and fatty acids associated with diastolic function (E/A ratio and deceleration time) were linked to a reduced risk of CHD (HR range: 0.21–0.86). Conversely, other E/A-associated glycerophospholipids were linked to increased CHD risk (HR range: 1.24–1.34). In summary, we identified distinct lipidomic signatures associated with trajectories of subclinical cardiac aging, several of which also predict later-life CHD risk. These findings highlight molecular correlates of cardiac aging from midlife into older adulthood and suggest that lipidomic pathways may serve as early biomarkers for future: Keywords are required, The following are suggested: “Cardiac aging, Risk, Lipidomic markers”. Please check if correct. CHD.

Polychaete community responses to two decades of oceanographic change in Isfjorden, Svalbard - Dinara R. Dikaeva; Alexander G. Dvoretsky (Journal of Environmental Management, 2026)

A Collaborative Framework for Producing Science and Management Recommendations to Restore Water Quality: A Case Study from the Guana Estuary, Florida - Hallie S. Fischman; Christine Angelini; Alexander J. Reisinger; Nicole Dix; Kaitlyn Dietz; Ashley R. Smyth (Estuaries and Coasts, 2026)

Machine Learning Detection of Scarring Events in Killer Whales - Alexander Barnhill; Jared R. Towers; Celine van Weelden; Tim Rörup; Elmar Nöth; Andreas Maier; Christian Bergler (Marine Mammal Science, 2026)
Detection and analysis of body scars using photo‐identification data of cetaceans can provide insights into life history, behavior, and exposure to threats, but such analyses typically require manual examination of large image datasets. To explore whether machine learning can assist this process, we developed a pipeline for automatically detecting and counting conspecific scarring events on killer whales. The approach combines an nnU‐Net segmentation model, which generates binary masks containing individual scar lines, with hand‐crafted feature representations and HDBSCAN clustering to group scars into events and estimate the number of events per image. Across a dataset in which images contained between 1 and 10 annotated scarring events (median = 2), the best‐performing configuration produced a conservative estimator with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.82 events per image and exactly recovered the annotated number of events in just over 50% of cases. These results demonstrate that machine learning‐assisted analysis can extract biologically meaningful information on scarring burden from standard photo‐identification images of killer whales. While accurate recovery of absolute scarring burden from single images is achievable with useful reliability, detecting small inter‐annual changes remains more challenging under heterogeneous field conditions. Rather than replacing expert annotation, the present system is best viewed as a semiautomated framework that can extend existing photo‐identification workflows toward longitudinal scarring analysis and broader population‐level assessment. It therefore provides a practical foundation on which more comprehensive detectors of cetacean scarring events can be built.

Stomatal Decoupling From Photosynthesis Under High Temperatures Is Consistent With Stomatal Optimisation - Simon R. G. Jones; Georg Wohlfahrt; Andrew D. Friend; Peter J. Franks; Alexander W. Cheesman; Lucas A. Cernusak; Haoyu Diao; Xiaolong Feng; Josef Urban; Tyeen Taylor; Martijn Slot; Lina M. Mercado; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2026)
Stomatal pores on plant leaves regulate the gain of carbon through photosynthesis and the loss of water through transpiration. Through their responses to environmental conditions, stomata can constrain plant productivity and transpiration fluxes, exerting a strong control on climate feedbacks over land. Although mechanistic modelling of stomata remains a challenge, semi‐empirical and optimisation models have been successfully applied to improve the simulation of land‐atmosphere fluxes of water and carbon. Optimisation approaches assume that some aspect of plant function, such as photosynthesis or growth rate, is optimised with respect to an environmental constraint, such as available soil water. Both optimisation models and semi‐empirical models predict that stomatal conductance will increase in concert with rising photosynthetic rates as temperatures approach a thermal optimum, beyond which declines in both photosynthesis and stomatal conductance are expected. However, a growing number of experiments have found that while photosynthesis declines beyond its thermal optimum, stomatal conductance often continues to increase at high temperatures. Early modelling work suggests that this phenomenon can be captured and explained by an optimal thermoregulation strategy via increased evaporative cooling at the leaf surface. However, many stomatal conductance models that are embedded within climate and Earth System Models do not correctly account for this feedback and so cannot capture observed decoupling. Here, we demonstrate that if leaf temperature is calculated iteratively outside the optimisation scheme, as is commonly done in Earth System Models, stomatal decoupling will not be captured. However, by calculating leaf temperature in parallel with optimal stomatal conductance, we find that we are able to capture observed decoupling and improve predicted leaf temperature and gas exchange. Correctly implementing the leaf energy balance equation within stomatal optimisation models will be essential for capturing high temperature responses of forests across the globe.

Species, cell proliferation state and oxygen partial pressure are major factors in the in vitro toxicity of repurposed potential ADPKD drugs in human and murine renal proximal tubule cells - Paraskevi Sotiropoulou; Andrea Gerdemann; Stefan Jovanovic; Hans-Ulrich Humpf; Alexander Bürkle; Daniel R. Dietrich (Archives of Toxicology, 2026)
Unexpected nephrotoxicity during clinical stages of drug development, due to undetected toxicity in in vitro and in vivo settings, can lead to drug attrition and jeopardize drug development. The latter highlights the importance of in vitro renal toxicity testing that can safely be translated to humans. Two factors commonly overlooked in the latter are the continuous cell proliferation that occurs in regeneration processes after renal insult and the physiological O 2 tension in the kidney. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of renal cysts and cellular changes, i.e. abnormal proliferation in conjunction with the Warburg effect. There is only one drug approved for the disease, tolvaptan, which, however, presents with liver toxicity and polyuria. In a quest for potential alternatives to tolvaptan, we compared the nephrotoxic and metabolic effects of four repurposed drugs, salicylic acid (up to 10 mM), birinapant (up to 100 µM), bardoxolone methyl (up to 1000 nM), and rapamycin (up to 160 nM) to tolvaptan (up to 100 µM) on human differentiated and proliferating (RPTEC/TERT1) and mouse proliferating (mProx24) renal proximal tubular epithelial cells at atmospheric (21%) and physiological (10%) O 2 tensions. The focus was on improved interpretation of in vitro test results for the detection of potential adverse effects. We found that cell proliferation and O 2 tension are major factors that determine the susceptibility of cells to compounds, while the drug effects on the metabolism and mitochondrial function provided further insight into the mechanisms underlying the observed in vitro toxicity.

Phenology of Swainson’s Thrush apparent territory establishment across an elevational gradient - Sarah C. Deckel; William V. DeLuca; Lauren M. Chronister; Alexander R. Gerson; David I. King (Journal of Ornithology, 2026)

Analysis of second-generation epigenetic clocks reveals further associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume - Lidija Milicic; Michael Vacher; Vincent Doré; Pierrick Bourgeat; Rosita Shishegar; James D. Doecke; Paul Maruff; Christopher C. Rowe; Victor L. Villemagne; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)

Wastewater-based surveillance for seasonal respiratory viruses provides a one-week lead to clinical cases and hospital admissions - Nicole Acosta; Xiaotian Dai; Xuewen Lu; Barbara J. Waddell; Kristine Du; Aito Ueno; Alexander Buchner Beaudet; María A. Bautista; Janine McCalder; Chloe Papparis; Daniela Naomi De la Torre Espinoza; Danielle A. Southern; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2026)

Maternal serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Finnish Maternity Cohort - Mary H. Ward; Jessica M. Madrigal; Rebecca Troisi; Heljä-Marja Surcel; Hanna Öhman; Juha Kivelä; Hannu Kiviranta; Panu Rantakokko; Jani Koponen; Danielle N. Medgyesi; Katherine A. McGlynn; Alexander P. Keil; et al. (Environmental Research, 2026)

No home-field advantage in the decomposition of leaf litter in the tropical peat forests of Brunei Darussalam - Colton Collins; Alexander R. Cobb; Rahayu S. Sukri; Jangarun Eri; David A. Wardle (Plant and Soil, 2026)

Correction: Rangewide population genetic analysis of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) - Andrew R Whiteley; Dana Weigel-Sheedy; Thomas S.B. Akre; Donald J. Brown; Deahn M. Donner; Charlie Eichelberger; Lori Erb; Katharine D. Gipe; Ellery Lassiter; Michael N. Marchand; Tricia Markle; Donald F. McAlpine; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2026)

Rangewide population genetic analysis of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) - Andrew R. Whiteley; Dana Weigel-Sheedy; Thomas S.B. Akre; Donald J. Brown; Deahn M. Donner; Charlie Eichelberger; Lori Erb; Katharine D. Gipe; Ellery Lassiter; Michael N. Marchand; Tricia Markle; Donald F. McAlpine; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2026)

Simultaneous quantitation of free testosterone and free thyroid hormones in human serum by equilibrium dialysis LC-MS/MS - Alexander Bauer Westbye; Oskar Kelp; Yilu Ye; Marianne Lerbæk Bergmann; Finn Erik Aas; Sandra R. Dahl; Per M. Thorsby (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2026)

Characterization of a cypovirus isolate in Noctuoidea pests: host range, and stressor interactions - Alini de Almeida; Andrews Alexander Fredéric Monvosin Fisch; Luis Janssen; Leonardo Assis da Silva; Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira; Daniel Mendes Pereira Ardisson-Araújo; Bergmann Morais Ribeiro; Daniel R. Sosa-Gómez (BioControl, 2026)

Detecting and measuring Transverse Aeolian Ridges on Mars using deep learning - Alexander M. Barrett; Matthew R. Balme; Elena A. Favaro; Mark J. Woods; Mateusz Malinowski; Laila Elsarky; Kylash Rajendran; James A. Holmes; Manish R. Patel (Icarus, 2026)

Atmospheric river activity in California since 1500: its relationship to forcing dynamics and impact on ENSO-precipitation teleconnections - Eugene R. Wahl; Eduardo Zorita; Rosa Luna-Niño; Alexander Gershunov; Henry F. Diaz (Climate Dynamics, 2026)
We present a new, nearly half-millennium suite of annual atmospheric river (AR) reconstructions for northern, central and southern California (CA) (United States). The reconstructed variables encompass five indices of AR activity: landfall counts, integrated water vapor, integrated vapor transport and its associated zonal and meridional components. Thus, we include critical measures of AR moisture intensity and spatial delivery. We take advantage of the assimilation reconstruction methodology employed in several prior studies to evaluate winter circulation over the Pacific-North American sector and Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in relation to AR activity. These include consideration of recently raised questions, such as whether AR activity can reduce the strength of the teleconnection between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and winter precipitation in CA. Our results align with those reported by Luna-Niño et al. (2025), indicating that AR activity interferes with the canonical ENSO teleconnection to California precipitation. Our reconstructions indicate substantial ongoing variability in the “canonical” and “heretical” link between ENSO and California precipitation, though generally without clear linkages to either ongoing (global warming) or episodic (e.g., large volcanic eruption) forcing. More generally, as suggested by previous studies, strong and persistent long-term forcing—for example, continuing anthropogenic or other external mechanisms—appears necessary to modify the longer-term association of AR activity and CA precipitation. Our results are consistent with the approximately white noise character of CA precipitation over the past half-millennium. Nevertheless, the variability of AR activity attains its highest values during the last decades of the record, suggesting that a second-moment response to anthropogenic forcing may be emerging.

Improved Source Localization of Auditory Evoked Fields using Reciprocal BEM-FMM - Derek A. Drumm; Guillermo Nuñez Ponasso; Alexander Linke; Sirshendu Ganguly; Abbie Wang; Gregory M. Noetscher; Burkhard Maess; Thomas R. Knösche; Jens Haueisen; Jeffrey David Lewine; Christopher C. Abbott; Sergey N. Makaroff; et al. (Brain Topography, 2026)

Multi‐Omic Assessment of Microbial Communities and Their Polyketide Biosynthetic Potential Across Abyssal Sediments - Hans W. Singh; Johanna Gutleben; Alexander Bogdanov; Alexander B. Chase; Alyssa Demko; Sheila Podell; Brian Haley; Paul R. Jensen (Environmental Microbiology, 2026)
Microbially‐derived polyketides include some of today's most valuable medicines, yet their discovery has focused on a narrow subset of Earth's microbial biodiversity. Although understudied biomes such as marine sediments have been targeted, these efforts have focused on samples collected from shallow waters. In contrast, abyssal marine sediments (4000–6000 m), which comprise > 80% of the ocean floor, remain poorly explored. This leaves foundational gaps in our understanding of deep‐sea microbial diversity and its relationship to biosynthetic potential. Here, we used culture‐independent approaches to characterise microbial taxonomic and biosynthetic diversity in abyssal sediments collected from three geochemically distinct plains along an 880 km transect. Sediment communities varied in both taxonomic (16S rRNA gene) and biosynthetic (ketosynthase domain) composition across sites and relative to nearshore sediments, suggesting they harbour unique opportunities for natural product discovery. Ketosynthase phylogenies revealed abyssal clades that diverged from experimentally characterised polyketide synthase pathways, further supporting biosynthetic novelty. Metagenome‐assembled genomes linked unique ketosynthase domains to the poorly studied phylum Gemmatimonadota. Sediment metabolomes provided evidence of chemical novelty, with

Rapid synthesis of redox-responsive trithiocyanuric acid-based nanocarriers: in vitro multidrug resistance reversal and in vivo safety assessment - Elena Kopoleva; Sergey A. Tsymbal; Oleg A. Kuchur; Daria S. Kulchanovskaya; Anna Yu. Grishina; Alevtina A. Pinova; Ilia V. Doroshenko; Roman I. Romanov; Albert R. Muslimov; Alexander V. Syuy; Dmitry Yu. Ivkin; Valeriy M. Kondratev; et al. (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2026)

Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegeneration - Nikhil N. Chaudhari; Owen M. Vega; Phoebe Imms; Jaron M. Kawamura; Nahian F. Chowdhury; Tamara Jafar; Andrei Irimia; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can find aging-related structural alterations above and beyond cortical thickness and atrophy. Using a novel approach to DNN interpretability, we mapped brain aging progression in 25,539 cognitively normal UK Biobank adults aged 45–83 years. Cortical aging is found to involve anatomic features becoming prominent during the 50s within frontolateral, mesolimbic, cuneal, and occipitotemporal regions. From these foci, aging-related features propagate to adjacent areas at rates peaking in the 60s. Cortical thinning and atrophy do not trend closely with neurodegeneration, but important DNN-identifiable anatomic features have spatiotemporal dynamics that match those of amyloid or tau. Our results challenge the assumption that MRI cannot map anatomic features trending with neurodegeneration. Interpretable DNNs can empower MRI to quantify anatomic aging as a process of spatial feature expansion from focal regions into nearby structures in the sequence of neurodegenerative pathology. Traditional morphometrics explain only ∼1% of variance in DNN-identifiable features, which clarifies why the former are insensitive to anatomic changes involving neurodegeneration. Our results conceptualize brain aging in the context of spatial and temporal parallels between anatomic senescence and neuropathology. These findings may help to map cognitively normal adults’ neurodegenerative anatomy even without PET measurements. Graphical Abstract

Early Paleozoic magmatism in the Himalaya linked with a peri-Gondwana silicic large igneous province - Dominik R. Vlaha; Andrew V. Zuza; Ariuntsetseg Ganbat; Chen Wu; Peter J. Haproff; Victor E. Guevara; A. Alexander G. Webb; Marie C. Genge; Birendra P. Singh (Tectonophysics, 2026)

A wave-coupled movable bottom friction scheme for spectral wave modeling based on sediment grain size and ripple evolution - Xianghui Dong; Qingxiang Liu; Grant A. Smith; Ian R. Young; Huy Quang Tran; Rui Li; Jian Sun; Kejian Wu; Alexander V. Babanin (Coastal Engineering, 2026)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production from Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysate by Cupriavidus necator KCTC 2649 - Jaren U. Tulipan; John Rafael C. Unlayao; Alexander Sydney De Leon; Carla Marie D. Bravo; Kyla Czarina Q. Cello; Angelica Isabell L. Caluya; Jey-R S. Ventura (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2026)

The COSPAR international space weather action teams (ISWAT) initiative: a driving force for the COSPAR space weather roadmap - Maria M. Kuznetsova; Mario M. Bisi; Hermann J. Opgenoorth; Martin A. Reiss; M. Leila Mays; Lucilla Alfonsi; C. Nick Arge; David Barnes; Anna Belehaki; Thomas E. Berger; Amanda Brecht; Sean Bruinsma; et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2026)

Paternity of Western Gray Whales Feeding Off Sakhalin Island, Russia - Aimée R. Lang; Alexander. M. Burdin; Kelly M. Robertson; Olga Sychenko; Amanda L. Bradford; Robert L. Brownell; Victoria L. Pease; Frederick I. Archer; David W. Weller (Marine Mammal Science, 2026)
While understanding mating systems can provide critical insight into a population's long‐term persistence and resilience, such information remains limited for most baleen whales. However, extensive research on the western gray whales that feed off Sakhalin Island, Russia, led to the collection of biopsy samples from 75% of the 207 whales photo‐identified between 1994 and 2011, providing a rare opportunity to learn about this small population's mating system and to identify factors potentially influencing its recovery. Using 22 microsatellite loci, we conducted a paternity analysis to identify males contributing to reproduction in this population. We identified 22 putative fathers among sampled males, accounting for paternity of 50% of the calves with sampled mothers ( n = 70). While the assignment of putative fathers for half of the calves provides evidence of interbreeding among Sakhalin whales, the lack of sampled fathers for the remaining calves suggests some males contributing to reproduction may feed in other areas. Additional findings suggest that the number of individuals contributing to reproduction is small, with an estimated contemporary effective size of 59.8 whales (95% CI [46.0, 81.1]), the identification of four putative full‐sibling pairs, and higher than expected relatedness coefficients in some putative breeding pairs.

From Ice to Isolation: A geochemical reconstruction of the palaeoenvironmental evolution of Gairloch, NW Scotland (UK), since the Last Glacial Maximum - Jennifer Taylor; David Selby; Jeremy M. Lloyd; Louise Best; Luca Podrecca; Bradley B. Sageman; Alexander R. Simms (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2026)
Complex relative sea‐level (RSL) changes are associated with the deglaciation of the British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS). Sediment archives from Loch Bad na h‐Achlaise, an isolation basin in NW Scotland, UK, span Late Glacial to Holocene time and record sea‐level change and ice proximity via a geochemical and biostratigraphic multiproxy approach. Osmium and carbon isotope, carbon and nitrogen content, and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) data suggest that the basal sedimentary unit reflects a glaciomarine depositional setting, a finding previously unresolved due to an inadequate biostratigraphic framework. The 187 Os/ 188 Os record from the basin captures the RSL history of this site and illustrates the interplay between the local signal of glacial isostatic adjustment and the non‐local signal of glacio‐eustatic sea‐level rise. By coupling the 187 Os/ 188 Os data with a detailed age–depth model, our study demonstrates a period of RSL fall between 16.2 and 15.9 cal ka BP, which culminates in basin isolation. The close agreement between the biostratigraphy, where available, and the 187 Os/ 188 Os record confirms the viability of this isotope system as an RSL proxy not reliant on microfossil preservation and thus a potentially effective approach when poor microfossil preservation hampers palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Daniel J. Herrera; Camilla Price; Phuong‐Thao Nguyen‐Nu; Katrina Adamczyk; Peter D. Alexander; David Allen; Jesse M. Alston; Diego F. Alvarado‐Serrano; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2026)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.

Compounded oral doxycycline in late-term pregnant mares: pharmacokinetics, fetoplacental diffusion, and neonatal safety - Fernanda T.D'el Rey Dantas; Igor F. Canisso; Lorena S. Feijó; Paula Maria Fernandes de Vasconcelos; Michel L. Campos; Alexander V. Ulanov; Zhong Li; Gino L.B.L. Pizzi; Carlos E.W. Nogueira; Bruna R. Curcio (Theriogenology, 2026)

Determinants of L-band backscatter in dry tropical ecosystems: Implications for biomass mapping - João M.B. Carreiras; Thomas Higginbottom; John L. Godlee; Sam Harrison; Lorena Benitez; Penelope J. Mograbi; Aurora Levesley; Karina Melgaço; David Milodowski; Georgia Pickavance; Geoff Wells; Edmar Almeida de Oliveira; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2026)

Prolonged exposure to nitrate in drinking water does not adversely impact prenatal or birth outcomes in a rat model - Leaf R. Kardol; Avalon Gray; Amina Rhaman; Alexander N. Larcombe; Christine Jeffries-Stokes; Annette Stokes; Sarah Bourke; Sujata Shinde; Kevin Croft; Caitlin S. Wyrwoll (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2026)

Mapping disturbance in California's rapidly changing National Forests - H. Anu Kramer; Elizabeth M. Ng; Jason M. Winiarski; Alexander Koltunov; Michèle R. Slaton; Gavin M. Jones; M. Zachariah Peery (Forest Ecology and Management, 2026)

Associations of fine particulate matter pollution components with overall, prostate cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in men with prostate cancer: A cohort study - Hari S. Iyer; Marley Perlstein; Stefanie A. Joseph; Charlotte Roscoe; Nur Zeinomar; Alexander P. Cole; Fredrick R. Schumacher; Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer; Julie J. Ruterbusch; Charles L. Wiggins; Antoinette M. Stroup; Joel Schwartz; et al. (Environmental Research, 2026)

Drained Agricultural Peatlands as Persistent Carbon Sources: Implications for Carbon and Water Use Intensity in Food Production - Brenda D'Acunha; Chris D. Evans; Alanna Bodo; Hollie Cooper; Dafydd Egryn Crabtree; Alexander Cumming; Jennifer M. Rhymes; Daniel Rylett; Rebekka R. E. Artz; Ross Morrison (Global Change Biology, 2026)
Peatlands have the capacity to sequester large quantities of carbon and can therefore play an important role in climate change mitigation. However, anthropogenic activities alter their hydrological regimes, converting them from net CO 2 sinks into net sources. In England and elsewhere, lowland peatlands have been heavily drained and modified for agricultural land use, resulting in some of the most productive farmland in the UK. Estimates of CO 2 emissions and water use from the area are scarce, but these data are required to understand the consequences of maintaining agricultural output whilst simultaneously reducing GHG emissions. In this paper, we compiled a uniquely comprehensive dataset of CO 2 and H 2 O flux measurements from flux towers on cropped lowland peat, and coupled this with crop calorific values to estimate carbon and water use intensities of food production on peat. Our results showed that croplands on peat emitted 23.1 ± 10.4 ton CO 2 ha −1 y −1 (mean ± SD). Sites with peat depth > 40 cm emitted 25.1 ± 9.2 ton CO 2 ha −1 , while wasted peat sites emitted 11.8 ± 4.8 ton CO 2 ha −1 . Effective water table depth and organic carbon content were the main drivers of variation in annual net ecosystem production and ecosystem respiration across sites; crop type partly followed these gradients, so may not be a direct driver of variations in emissions. ET was less variable across site‐years and depended on the phenology of crop production. When considering CO 2 emissions and water use per calorie produced, lettuce and celery rotations were the most C and water use intensive crops, with values an order of magnitude larger than cereal crops. Overall, this paper highlights the scale of CO 2 emissions from managed peatlands and the importance of balancing GHG emissions and water use with ongoing food production from these economically important areas.

Sex and APOE genotype specific brain regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease - Qi Zeng; Minghui Wang; Erming Wang; Xianxiao Zhou; Peng Xu; Vahram Haroutunian; Dongming Cai; Bin Zhang; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2026)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and regional vulnerability was assessed with a composite vulnerability score (CVS) derived from associations between diffusion features and AD severity across clinical traits in each of the four sex-APOE groups (female or male, with or without APOE4). Brain parcellation with the Eve atlas revealed regions consistently affected across sex-APOE groups (e.g., parahippocampal and superior temporal gyri) and regions specific to individual groups (e.g., the cingulum in females with APOE4 and the middle frontal gyrus in males without APOE4). Gene co-expression network analysis of the matched blood expression data identified gene subnetworks linked to group-specific regional vulnerability, including a muscle tissue morphogenesis module regulated by NEURL1B and HIST1H2BN associated with middle frontal gyrus vulnerability. These findings demonstrate that sex and APOE genotype jointly shape region-specific WM vulnerability and its molecular signatures in AD. Understanding these interactions provides novel mechanistic insights and may inform precision approaches to drug development, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial design for AD.

Spatial memory in Alzheimer’s disease 5XFAD mice is enhanced by XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 - Shi Quan Wong; Adia Ouellette; Laura Harrison; Avery McNamara; Rachel A. Tam; Alexander Alexandrov; Acacia Nawrocik-Madrid; Jesus J. Sanchez; Brett C. Ginsburg; Arturo A. Andrade; Louis R. Lapierre (GeroScience, 2026)
The proteostatic decline in Alzheimer’s disease is well established, and improvement in proteostasis could potentially delay cognitive impairment. One emerging entry point to modulate proteostasis is the regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins across the nuclear pore via karyopherins. The nuclear exportin XPO1 is a key regulator of proteostasis by driving the assembly of ribosomes and by modulating the process of autophagy. We recently found that the XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 (Selinexor), an FDA-approved drug against multiple myelomas, enhances proteostasis, leading to benefits in models of neurodegenerative diseases in C. elegans and Drosophila . Here, we find that KPT-330 increases autophagy in murine neuronal cells. In a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease (5XFAD), KPT-330 improved spatial memory performance. Unexpectedly, general amyloid deposition in several brain regions was significantly increased by KPT-330, but specific regions, especially the thalamus, displayed significantly lower deposition, suggesting that XPO1 inhibition has regional-specific effects on proteostasis and amyloid plaque formation. Altogether, we conclude that, despite overall increases in amyloid plaque burden, XPO1 inhibition can improve cognition via spatially-specific reductions in amyloid deposition.

Corrigendum to “Paramagnetic centers in ion bombarded polyvinylidenefluoride” [Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2026, 289, 110526] - Aleksandr V. Akimov; Alexandr S. Shmakov; Rostislav V. Pisarev; Sadulla R. Allayarov; Anna V. Pisareva; Uliana V. Pinaeva; Georgy A. Khromov; Andrey А. Tyutyunov; Alexander N. Nechaev; Pavel Yu. Apel; Yury A. Dobrovolsky; Sergei V. Tokarev; et al. (Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2026)

Evaluating snow leopard population connectivity: is Kazakhstan a bridge for gene flow between the northern and southwestern range? - Miroslav P. Korablev; Alexey A. Grachev; Andrey D. Poyarkov; Saltore K. Saparbayev; Jose A. Hernandez-Blanco; Sergey V. Bespalov; Maxim V. Bespalov; Yerlik R. Baidavletov; Dmitry Yu. Alexandrov; Alexander S. Karnaukhov; Sergey V. Malykh; Bariushaa Munkhtsog; et al. (Mammalian Biology, 2026)

Effects of an intervention for a liquefied petroleum gas cook-stove with free fuel on food insecurity and dietary diversity among women and infants: a multi-country randomized controlled trial - Sheela S. Sinharoy; Rina Das; Anaité Diaz-Artiga; Lisa M. Thompson; Ghislaine Rosa; John McCracken; Miles A. Kirby; Carla Tarazona-Meza; Vigneswari Aravindalochanan; Shirin Jabbarzadeh; Jiantong Wang; Ajay Pillarisetti; et al. (Food Security, 2026)

Exploring the data demands and global opportunities for reconstructing morphological responses to climate change - Brian C. Weeks; Jacob S. Berv; Yunjoo Cho; Isaiah Clark; Madison Cole; Alexander M. Ferentinos; Jeremy R. Fuller; Madisyn Guza; Tanner Hammond; Chase Hetrick; Zejun Li; Charlotte M. Probst; et al. (Evolutionary Ecology, 2026)
There is growing evidence that morphological change is a widespread response to the warming climate. The empirical basis for understanding this process has, to date, largely been correlative analyses of morphological time series. However, it is not clear what constitutes sufficient temporal sampling for assessing long-term morphological change. We analyzed two long-term high-quality morphological datasets, one including 33 species of birds collected over 37 years and one including 11 species of mammals collected over 40 years. We find that the number of years of data needed to accurately characterize trends in functional traits varies by trait and taxonomic group. For birds, accurately estimating the trend of morphological changes 95% of the time requires data from a minimum of 14 years for bill length, 19 years for tarsus length, and 20 years for wing length. For mammals, 31 years of hind-foot length data and 36 years of weight data are needed to achieve the same level of accuracy in trend estimates. Using these minimum sampling thresholds, we identify where in the world there are sufficient museum holdings to reconstruct long-term trends in morphology. Museum specimens have a critical benefit that is not available from other long-term data sources: collected, vouchered, specimens can be analyzed in new and standardized ways designed to understand morphological responses to climate change. We find that there are many opportunities to reconstruct morphological change in birds and, to a smaller degree, in mammals using museum specimens though sufficient sampling is not available for the vast majority of the globe. Most of the sites at which there is sufficient sampling are in the Northern Hemisphere and are concentrated in the United States and Europe. Expanding long-term animal capture efforts will be critical to enabling a more holistic understanding of biotic responses to global change in the future.

Non-contact identification of opportunistic pathogens in mixed biofilm contaminations by hyperspectral imaging - Mikhail I. Bogachev; Pavel S. Baranov; Aleksandr M. Sinitca; Anna V. Mironova; Dmitry R. Sharivzyanov; Alexander A. Basmanov; Elena Y. Trizna; Anna S. Gorshkova; Nikita S. Pyko; Airat R. Kayumov (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2026)

A Unified Framework for Trend Uncertainty Assessment in Climate Data Records: Demonstration on Global Mean Sea Level - Kevin Gobron; Roland Hohensinn; Xavier Loizeau; Claire E. Bulgin; Christopher J. Merchant; Emma R. Woolliams; Maurice G. Cox; Wouter Dorigo; Thomas Howard; Mary Langsdale; Adam C. Povey; Michaël Ablain; et al. (Surveys in Geophysics, 2026)

Paramagnetic centers in ion bombarded poly(vinylidene fluoride) - Aleksandr V. Akimov; Alexandr S. Shmakov; Rostislav V. Pisarev; Sadulla R. Allayarov; Anna V. Pisareva; Uliana V. Pinaeva; Georgy A. Khromov; Andrey А. Tyutyunov; Alexander N. Nechaev; Pavel Yu. Apel; Yury A. Dobrovolsky; Sergei V. Tokarev; et al. (Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2026)

The ornithine-arginine cycle supported a toxic, metalimnic Planktothrix rubescens bloom - Brittany N. Zepernick; David J. Niknejad; Emily E. Chase; Blessing A. Abiodun; Meaghan J. Adler; Katelyn A. Houghton; Jason L. Olavesen; Qudus Sarumi; Alexander R. Truchon; Jillian L. Walton; Jack H. Cheshire; Keara Stanislawczyk; et al. (Harmful Algae, 2026)

A 45-year high-resolution unstructured wave hindcast for the Australian coast: Validation and climatological insights - Xianghui Dong; Qingxiang Liu; Stefan Zieger; Ian R. Young; Rui Li; Alberto Meucci; Jian Sun; Kejian Wu; Alexander V. Babanin (Coastal Engineering, 2026)

Genomic approaches to build de novo elite breeding gene pools from locally adapted landraces - Safiétou Tooli Fall; Alexander Kena; Brian R. Rice; Ghislain Kanfany; Cyril Diatta; Ndjido A. Kane; Allan K. Fritz; Geoffrey P. Morris (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2026)
Many nascent breeding programs aim to achieve genetic gain by crossing locally-elite germplasm, but a lack of systematic approaches to develop elite gene pools from locally adapted varieties hinders their progress. Motivated by the observation of undesirable transgressive segregation in presumed elite crosses in Senegalese cereal breeding programs, we designed approaches for de novo development of elite gene pools from locally adapted landrace-derived germplasm. We first define two types of “elite” germplasm: iso -elite, phenotypically similar and genetically homogeneous for locally adapted traits (“attained traits”); versus allo -elite, phenotypically similar, but genetically heterogeneous for attained traits. Next, we defined two genomic approaches for de novo inference of elite gene pools: population-based genotypic inference (PGI) and QTL-based genotypic inference (QGI), and compared to a family-based phenotypic inference (FPI) approach. Using simulations that trace the evolution from locally adapted landraces to elite breeding lines, we evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in nascent forward breeding programs. QGI accurately and cost-effectively identifies both iso- and allo -elite pairs, regardless of the underlying trait architecture, while PGI is less sensitive when trait architecture is oligogenic. Over ten cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection, programs based on iso -elite crosses consistently outperformed those based on allo -elite crosses for genetic gain. The findings highlight the value of trait genetic architecture knowledge for elite gene pool development and provide a practical roadmap for elite germplasm development in modernizing breeding programs.

Development of 223Ra-labeled polymeric nanocarriers with variable administration routes for alpha-therapy of colorectal cancer - Alisa S. Postovalova; Vladislava A. Rusakova; Darya R. Akhmetova; Yulia A. Tishchenko; Dmitry S. Sysoev; Mikhail A. Nadporojskii; Konstantin S. Sivak; Sergei A. Shipilovskikh; Alexander S. Timin (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2026)

Photoperiodic history modulates the response of the saccus vasculosus transcriptome to seawater exposure in Atlantic salmon - Alexander C. West; Shona H. Wood; Marianne Iversen; Mattis Jayme van Dalum; Even H. Jørgensen; Simen R. Sandve; David G. Hazlerigg (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2026)
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) move from fresh- to seawater environments following a seasonally timed preparative transition called smoltification, which takes place under photoperiodic control in the freshwater environment. In masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou ), coordination of photoperiodic sexual maturation is proposed to involve in a fish-specific circumventricular organ, the saccus vasculosus (SV), through its intrinsic opsin-based light sensitivity, thyrotrophin secretion and modulation of deiodinase activity (TSH-DIO cascade). The saccus vasculosus is a highly vascularized structure located on the ventral side of the hypothalamus and its interface between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid also hints at a role in ionic balance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both the potential photoperiodic and ionic functions of the SV led us to perform transcriptome analysis of the SV in smoltification in Atlantic salmon. Specifically, we compared transcriptomes of SVs collected from freshwater fish following exposure to an 8-week stimulated winter photoperiod followed by 8-week simulated summer photoperiod, or a 16-week simulated winter photoperiod control and from both photoperiod treatments after 24 h exposure to seawater. Our data show that SV response to seawater exposure is highly dependent on photoperiodic history and identifies ependymin as a major secretory output of the SV, consistent with a role in control of CSF composition. Conversely, we could not detect crucial elements of the opsin-TSH-DIO cascade suggesting that the photoperiodic history-dependence of the SV to seawater exposure is unlikely to stem from SV-intrinsic responses to photoperiod.

The progress and potential directions in the remote sensing of farmland abandonment - Alexander V. Prishchepov; Katharina Anders; Jan Feranec; Tomáš Goga; Simona R. Gradinaru; Jan Kolář; Robert Pazur; Markéta Potůčková; Bogdan Zagajewski; Lucie Kupková (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2025)

Commercial biostimulant seed treatments showed minimal impact on soybean seed yield across the United States - Fabiano Colet; Spyridon Mourtzinis; Rachel A. Vann; Seth Naeve; Shawn P. Conley; Emma G. Matcham; Andre Borja Reis; Hans Kandel; David Moseley; Michael Plumblee; Eros Francisco; Giovani Preza Fontes; et al. (Field Crops Research, 2025)

Comparative anatomical complexity of 5 vertebrates and 6 invertebrates - Alexander R. Root (Zoomorphology, 2025)
Understanding different manifestations of complexity is central to comparative anatomy. The evolution of metazoans to bilaterians, eucoelomates, amniotes, to the higher-level nervous system of brains is reasonably thought of in terms of a rise in complexity. However, it tends towards a bias of complexity being present in vertebrates. Recent work in comparative anatomy resulted in a detailed atlas of anatomical sections for 6 vertebrates and 5 vertebrates at the adult stage: the roundworm, earthworm, swan mussel, Roman snail, giant cockroach, spiny-cheek crayfish, carp, edible frog, red-eared slider, domestic chicken, and rat. Similarly, recent research in complexity analysis has uncovered several metrics to analyze complexity mathematically. This work investigated the complexity of anatomical sections from the Atlas using three different metrics. Spatial information represents the proportion of an anatomical section with sharp edges; approximate Kolmogorov complexity represents the proportion of an anatomical section’s information that can be compressed algorithmically; and semantic complexity that counts the number of anatomical terms identified by an expert. This study found that expert-based measures determined the vertebrates to be 1.4–1.75 times more anatomically complex than lower invertebrates in the atlas, but no significant difference was found for the algorithmic metrics, possibly due to the small pixel scale on which they operate or confounding factors. Important caveats in this analysis include differences in image resolutions (pixels per area), as well as different numbers of sections per organism. This study finds semantic complexity the most consistent with evaluating complexity in comparative anatomy.

Andrographolide increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and prolongs contextual fear memory - Laura F. Jaimes; Matheus C. Passos; Lara M. Z. Mansk; Caio M. de Castro; Julián T. F. Vega; Leonardo de O. Guarnieri; Flávio A. G. Mourão; Alexander Birbrair; Victor R. Santos; Márcio F. D. Moraes; Grace S. Pereira (Psychopharmacology, 2025)

Functional characterization of novel anti-DEFA5 monoclonal antibody clones 1A8 and 4F5 in inflammatory bowel disease colitis tissues - Rabi Thangaiyan; Amos M. Sakwe; Alexander T. Hawkins; Mary K. Washington; Billy R. Ballard; Michael G. Izban; Sanika S. Chirwa; James E. K. Hildreth; Anil Shanker; David L. Blum; Amosy E. M’Koma (Inflammation Research, 2025)

Breaking down walls: conduit wall evolution during explosive activity at an andesitic stratovolcano - Henry Hoult; Ben M. Kennedy; Jonathan B. Hanson; Shane Cronin; Alexander R. L. Nichols; Leighton Watson (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2025)

Urban forestry practices to improve heat-related human health: Exploring the practicalities and concerns with U.S. urban tree professionals - Olivia J. Keenan; Alexander R. Young; Gayle Kouklis; Sarah Brown; Aalayna Rae Green; Daniel S.W. Katz; David L. Miller; Qi Li; Wenna Xi; Fiona Lo; Sarah R. Young; Arnab K. Ghosh (Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2025)

New RSL constraints for the Minch from OSL-dated Lateglacial shorelines - Emily Huffman; Alexander R. Simms; Tom Bradwell; Louise Best; Jeremy M. Lloyd; Sarah L. Bradley; Regina DeWitt (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Testing evolutionary hypotheses for the world’s main hotspot of temperate alpine flora using Saussurea (Compositae) as a model - Sonia Herrando-Moraira; Cristina Roquet; Juan Antonio Calleja; You-Sheng Chen; Kazumi Fujikawa; Mercè Galbany-Casals; Núria Garcia-Jacas; Seung-Chul Kim; Jian-Quan Liu; Lian Liu; Javier López-Alvarado; Jordi López-Pujol; et al. (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2025)

Methods for precipitating plasma proteins for stable isotope analysis of elasmobranch blood - Alexander M. Rubin; Sunita R. Shah Walter; John A. Mohan; Aaron B. Carlisle (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2025)

Household air pollution and blood pressure among adult women participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: An exposure-response analysis - Ajay Pillarisetti; Wenlu Ye; Jennifer L. Peel; Howard Chang; Lindsay J. Underhill; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Anaité Díaz-Artiga; John P. McCracken; Ghislaine Rosa; Lisa M. Thompson; Vigneswari Aravindalochanan; Dana Boyd Barr; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Gestational and postnatal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and their association with acute ear infections, diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, and mortality: A longitudinal study of infants in the multicountry Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial - Brandie Banner Shackelford; Kyle Steenland; Miles A. Kirby; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Marilú Chiang; Anaité Diaz-Artiga; John P. McCracken; Lisa M. Thompson; Ghislaine Rosa; Lance A. Waller; Shirin Jabbarzadeh; Jiantong Wang; et al. (Environmental Research, 2025)

Global occurrence and hazards of benzodiazepines in water resources: Knowledge gaps and future directions - HyeongYoung Choi; Ba Reum Kwon; Alexander R. Cole; Bryan W. Brooks (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Comparative exo-proteomics of solid and submerged state fermentation using the lignocellulose degrading Ascomycete Parascedosporium putredinis NO1 - Daniel R. Leadbeater; Alexander T. Setchfield; Adam A. Dowle; Neil C. Bruce (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

Changing paradigms in natural product discovery: A molecule to microbe approach - Paul R. Jensen; Tadeusz Molinski; Alexander Bogdanov (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Partitioning of strain rates and stresses between a thin shear zone and its walls under transpression or transtension - Pierre-Yves F. Robin; Alexander R. Cruden (Journal of Structural Geology, 2025)

Gold in sulfide fluids revisited - Boris R. Tagirov; Nikolay N. Akinfiev; Mariia E. Tarnopolskaia; Irina Yu. Nikolaeva; Irina Yu. Zlivko; Valentina A. Volchenkova; Luydmila A. Koroleva; Alexander V. Zotov (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Atmospheric fate and deposition of polyhalogenated carbazoles in urban environment - Alexis Trinquet; Alexander Kasperkiewicz; Daniel Persaud; Jason Miller; Mathieu Babin; Trevor C. VandenBoer; Chubashini Shunthirasingham; Elisabeth Galarneau; Hayley Hung; Gerald R. Tetreault; Zhe Lu (Environmental Pollution, 2025)

Computational Simulations Show Proof-of-Concept for Optogenetic Suppression of Ectopic Activity in Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy - Jamie S. Yang; Alexander R. Ochs; Chelsea E. Gibbs; Patrick M. Boyle (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2025)

Seasonal differences in nutrient uptake dynamics in coastal spring-fed ecosystems: the potential effects of Florida manatees and humans - Adam C. Siders; Alexander J. Reisinger; Matt R. Whiles (Aquatic Sciences, 2025)

Correction: Degradability and remineralization of peat-derived terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the Sunda Shelf Sea - Yuan Chen; Moritz Müller; Alexander R. Cobb; Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri; Jens Zinke; R. Nagarajan; R. Sharveen; Abdulmajid Muhammad Ali; Patrick Martin (Aquatic Sciences, 2025)

Surface-based morphometry reveals divergent aging trajectories in veterans with and without traumatic brain injury - Michelle C. Eliason; Amrutha Bindu Nagella; Cristian Cuadra; David S. Wack; Ghazala T. Saleem; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowki; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Extension of lifespan by epicatechin, halofuginone and mitoglitazone in male but not female genetically heterogeneous mice - Randy Strong; James F. Nelson; Molly A. Bogue; Jerry R. Colca; Martin Denzel; Vivian Diaz; Brian N. Finck; Vadim N. Gladyshev; Steve Horvath; Nisi Jiang; Tracy Keller; Rolf F. Kletzien; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Mice bred in 2021 were tested by the Interventions Testing Program (ITP) for possible lifespan benefits of 2BAct (2BA), dichloroacetate (DCA), Epicatechin (EPI), Forskolin (FSK), Halofuginone (HAL) and Mitoglitazone (MIT). All agents were administered in the diet ad libitum beginning at 7 months of age. In male mice, EPI increased median lifespan by ~ 5%, and HAL and MIT each increased median lifespan by ~ 9%. EPI and HAL, but not MIT, increased 90% survival. In addition to adding 3 new agents to the list of interventions identified by the ITP that extend lifespan, this report continues the strong male bias in the efficacy of life-extending drugs identified so far.

Spinal augmentation for vertebral body fractures in the elderly population - Alexander R. Evans; Taylor Niznik; Chao Li; Zachary A. Smith (GeroScience, 2025)

Effervescent fountaining—a transition between explosive and lava-dome forming eruptions: evidence from “boiling-over” pyroclastic flows from the March 2019 eruption of Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka - Andreas Auer; Thomas R. Walter; Lea Ostorero; Alexander Belousov; Marina Belousova; Hélène Balcone-Boissard; Georges Boudon; Rene Mania; Alina V. Shevchenko (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2025)

A balanced approach to the potential of octopus aquaculture - Ian G. Gleadall; Roger Villanueva; Gregory J. Barord; Zoe Doubleday; Felipe Aguado-Giménez; Nobuhiko Akiyama; Eduardo Almansa; Cheryl L. Ames; Alexander Arkhipkin; Otilio Avendaño; Chris Barrett; Giambattista Bello; et al. (Marine Policy, 2025)

Taxonomic and metabolic diversity of microbial communities in a thermal water stream in Uzbekistan and proposal of two new classes of uncultivated bacteria, Desulfocorpusculia class. nov. and Tepidihabitantia class. nov., named following the rules of SeqCode - Galina B. Slobodkina; Alexander Y. Merkel; Kseniya V. Kondrasheva; Alexandra R. Stroeva; Elizaveta A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya; Kahramon D. Davranov; Alexander I. Slobodkin (Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2025)

Long term assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the transition to evaluate additional viral targets - Ayaaz Amirali; Mark E. Sharkey; Shruti Choudhary; Kristina M. Babler; Cynthia C. Beaver; Pratim Biswas; Kate R. Bowie; Taylor Burke; Benjamin B. Currall; George S. Grills; Hannah G. Healy; Alexander G. Lucaci; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Alternative approaches to lead sampling in drinking water: A comparative study of homes with and without lead service lines in two cities - Darren A. Lytle; Megan Urbanic; Alexander Paul; Riley Achtemeier; Alan T. Lewis; Shannon N. Hammaker; Anjelica P. Estep; Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda; Ryan R. James; Simoni Triantafyllidou (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Detrimental effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ant-mediated seed dispersal services: A global meta-analysis - Byanca N.T. Cavalcante; Diego Centeno-Alvarado; Fernanda M.P. Oliveira; José D. Ribeiro-Neto; Alexander V. Christianini; Xavier Arnan; Inara R. Leal (Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2025)

Determining optimal stock of grain for national food security in Malawi: A two objective grain sizing dynamic optimization approach - Wisdom Richard Mgomezulu; Mthakati Alexander R. Phiri; Davis Muthini; Paul Thangata (Journal of Stored Products Research, 2025)

Pleistocene glacial geomorphology and chronology of the Nahuel Huapi-Limay and Traful catchments, northern Patagonia - Ignacio Mizerit; Ezequiel Garcia Morabito; Florencia Bechis; Carla M. Terrizzano; Alexander R. Groos; Georg Rugel; Silke Merchel; Roland Zech (Geomorphology, 2025)

Ambient air pollution in critical windows of exposure and spontaneous miscarriage in a preconception cohort - Anne Marie Z. Jukic; Kathryn S. Konrad; Ian D. Buller; Johanna R. Jahnke; Ana Rosen Vollmar; D. Robert McConnaughey; Alexander P. Keil; Anne Z. Steiner (Environmental Research, 2025)

What is ‘good evidence’ for environmental decision making? Insights from professionals working at the science-policy interface - Elizabeth A. Nyboer; Andrew N. Kadykalo; Nathan Young; Vivian M. Nguyen; Trina Rytwinski; John-Francis Lane; Joseph R. Bennett; Nathan Harron; Susan M. Aitken; Graeme Auld; David Browne; Aerin L. Jacob; et al. (Environmental Science & Policy, 2025)

The effects of experimental heating and alteration on melt inclusions in magmatic zircon - Joseph P. Gonzalez; Kouki Kitajima; Tyler B. Blum; Kei Shimizu; Renat R. Almeev; William O. Nachlas; Sandra L. Kamo; Alexander V. Sobolev; Francois Holtz; Michael J. Spicuzza; Chloe Bonamici; John W. Valley (Chemical Geology, 2025)

Parametric analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) biodegradable plastic extraction from simulated biomass using black soldier fly larvae - Alexander Sydney De Leon; Jaren U. Tulipan; Myra G. Borines; Jey-R S. Ventura (Bioresource Technology Reports, 2025)

Behavioural variation in the invasive cellar spider Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae) - Alexander R. Salazar; Ann. L. Rypstra (Behavioural Processes, 2025)

Seismic observations from injection experiments and a recharge event in a karst aquifer: potential compressed air pocket release - Andrew J. Luhmann; Susan L. Bilek; Matthew D. Covington; Ronni Grapenthin; Han Byul Woo; Jacob Alexander Gochenour; E. Calvin Alexander; Scott C. Alexander; Martin R. Larsen (Hydrogeology Journal, 2025)
After deploying a seismic network above a karst aquifer that feeds Bear Spring in Minnesota, USA, three injection experiments were conducted, which involved pouring ~10,000 L of water just above an overflow spring to induce and characterize ambient seismic noise from subsurface water flow. A rainstorm event followed the second experiment and caused the overflow spring to start flowing with meters of water level rise, increasing the total spring discharge (perennial and overflow emanations) from ~100 to 300 L/s. Water level, electrical conductivity, and temperature data were used to estimate the conduit hydraulic diameter of ~0.06 m from the second injection experiment and ~0.5 m from the recharge event, which suggested both open channel and full pipe conduit flow. The rainstorm led to the largest seismic signals over a 5 s period while water levels rose, producing ground motion up to ~0.5 mm/s, possible oscillatory behavior, and 1–150 J of radiated seismic energy at frequencies of ~30–50 and 70–90 Hz (similar to signal frequencies when the large water slug from the second injection experiment reached a sump or water-filled passage). The seismic sources originated from multiple directions. The calculations suggest these signals came from conduits with air pockets that were compressed from rising water levels and later released via ventilation pathways. Seismic records of this process enable identification of the change in mode of water level propagation and potential delineation of unknown subsurface pathways, facilitating karst aquifer characterization beyond what is possible with traditional monitoring strategies.

Failure of efficient cardiac proteostatic adaptations to chronic cAMP-stress is associated with accelerated heart aging - Maria Grazia Perino; Miguel Calvo-Rubio Barrera; Daniel R. Riordon; Giulio Agnetti; Alexander Maltsev; Admira Parveen; Christopher H. Morrell; Ismayil Ahmet; Khalid Chakir; Yelena S. Tarasova; Jia-Hua Qu; Kirill V. Tarasov; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Neural Correlates of Inhibitory Control in Children: Evidence Using MRI and fNIRS - Leela Shah; Xin Zhou; Marissa Ann DiPiero; Jayse Merle Weaver; Corrina Frye; Steven R. Kecskemeti; Ruth Y. Litovsky; Andrew L. Alexander; Elizabeth M. Planalp; Douglas C. Dean (Brain Topography, 2025)
Inhibitory control (IC) develops in stages from infancy through adolescence and is associated with numerous developmental disorders and learning outcomes. This study examined how neural architecture – in particular myelination – underlies brain activation patterns observed during IC tasks in a sample of 28 children aged 4–10 years old. IC was observed using reaction times during go/no-go and flanker IC tasks. Myelination was measured using quantitative longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) mapping obtained from selected white matter regions of interest (ROIs). Brain activation was defined as task-related changes in hemoglobin oxygenation as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) averaged within ROIs. Results indicated that myelination in ROIs was higher in older children and fNIRS activation in frontal channels was significantly and positively associated with go/no-go mean reaction time. Myelination in the corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus was positively associated with frontal fNIRS activation, while myelination was negatively associated with go/no-go and flanker mean reaction times across white matter ROIs. Overall, significance level notably varied across models. Independently of inhibitory control constructs, these regions may be of interest in future structure-function studies across development.

New Approach Needed To Address Declining Forestry Research Capacity And Relevancy in the US: A Call-To-Action - Robert G. Wagner; Alexander L. Friend; Emily J. Silver; Julio Rojas; Thomas R. Fox; Terry Baker; Robert Simpson (Journal of Forestry, 2025)
Recent dramatic reductions in research funding and personnel for university and government organizations by the new federal administration will reduce forestry research capacity in the coming years. However, these cuts only highlight the long-standing decline in forestry research capacity that has been occurring over the past several decades. These reductions will continue to impair the country’s ability to meet the scale and complexity of challenges facing US forests. At some point in the future, there will be an opportunity to rebuild and reshape forestry research capacity to address these challenges. Now is the time to plan the future of forestry research. Successfully rebuilding this capacity will require national support from a broad coalition of forest management organizations. Receiving this support will require substantially increasing the relevancy of research to forest managers relative to what has occurred in recent decades. We offer several suggestions for this rebuilding effort, including: 1) developing a periodic national survey of forest managers to clearly identify the most important problems they face on the ground, 2) regularly communicating results of the survey to forest researchers, program leaders of research funding agencies, policy makers, legislators, and others responsible for allocating forest research effort and funding, and 3) building on the science delivery successes of stakeholder-driven organizations such as the forest manager / university research cooperatives around the country.

The Greatest Extinction Event in 66 Million Years? Contextualising Anthropogenic Extinctions - Jack H. Hatfield; Bethany J. Allen; Tadhg Carroll; Christopher D. Dean; Shuyu Deng; Jonathan D. Gordon; Thomas Guillerme; James P. Hansford; Jennifer F. Hoyal Cuthill; Philip D. Mannion; Inês S. Martins; Alexander R. D. Payne; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Biological communities are changing rapidly in response to human activities, with the high rate of vertebrate species extinction leading many to propose that we are in the midst of a sixth mass extinction event. Five past mass extinction events have commonly been identified across the Phanerozoic, with the last occurring at the end of the Cretaceous, 66 million years ago (Ma). However, life on Earth has always changed and evolved, with most species ever to have existed now extinct. The question is, are human activities increasing the rate and magnitude of extinction to levels rarely seen in the history of life? Drawing on the literature on extinctions primarily over the last 66 million years (i.e., the Cenozoic), we ask: (1) what comparisons can meaningfully be drawn? and (2) when did the Earth last witness an extinction event on this scale? We conclude that, although challenging to address, the available evidence suggests that the ongoing extinction episode still falls a long way short of the devastation caused by the bolide impact 66 Ma, but that it has likely surpassed most other Cenozoic events in magnitude, with the possible exception of the Eocene–Oligocene transition (34 Ma), about which much uncertainty remains. Given the number of endangered and at‐risk species, the eventual magnitude of the current event will depend heavily on humanity's response and how we interact with the rest of the biosphere over the coming millennia.

The Local Turn in a Global Sea: Identifying Sustainability Trade‐Offs in Regionalized Marine Aquaculture Systems - Gesche Krause; Ramón Filgueira; Nesar Ahmed; Karen A. Alexander; Furqan Asif; Lucia Fanning; Sebastian C. A. Ferse; Nike Fuchs; Jon Grant; Jordi Guillen; Christina Hörterer; Teresa R. Johnson; et al. (Reviews in Aquaculture, 2025)
Marine aquaculture, like the broader seafood industry, relies heavily on international trade and global supply chains for both production and sales. Recent global disruptions, including the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the conflicts in the Middle East, and trade tensions, have exposed the social and economic vulnerabilities inherent in a globalized production system. In response, these events have sparked growing interest in transitioning to localized and regional supply chain models. Calls to “buy national” and support domestic economies highlight this trend toward regionalization. This study explores the sustainability implications of regionalizing marine aquaculture by examining the four key segments of the supply chain. These are (1) upstream inputs and resources (2) aquaculture production (3) downstream added value‐processing and (4) distribution–transportation. Potential benefits of regional production models include increased resilience to disruptions, lower transportation‐related carbon emissions, and support for local economies. However, such models may also introduce trade‐offs, including reduced production efficiency, supply and sales limitations, and implications for social, cultural, and governance structures. Our analysis reveals that the sustainability outcomes of regionalization are complex and context‐dependent. It is influenced by the specific characteristics of existing supply chains and the regional contexts in which they operate. While regionalization may offer advantages in certain contexts, it does not guarantee improved sustainability. Thus, it is crucial to critically assess the assumption that regionalization inherently leads to improved sustainability outcomes. Proactive evaluation of these dynamics is essential to develop strategies that maximize benefits while addressing potential trade‐offs.

Chronic inflammation mediates the relationship between physical activity and telomere length - Anamika Nanda; Daniel H. Aslan; M. Katherine Sayre; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Madeline Ally; Hyun Song; Amit Arora; Silvio Maltagliati; Mark H. C. Lai; Rand R. Wilcox; Yann C. Klimentidis; Gene E. Alexander; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
A physically active lifestyle benefits cellular aging, however the mechanisms linking physical activity (PA) with longevity remain unclear. PA is associated with longer telomere length (TL), while shorter TL has been associated with increased cellular aging. Some research suggests increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with telomere dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that CRP levels mediate the association between PA and TL. Using data from the UK Biobank, we analyzed adjusted leukocyte T/S ratio (relative telomere to single gene copy), serum CRP, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) data via device-measured actigraphy. We applied general linear regressions and a causal mediation analysis with 10,000 bootstraps while controlling for a range of covariates (age, BMI, smoking status, sex, ethnicity, time between data collection, time wearing the accelerometer, and the Townsend Deprivation Index). Variables of interest were transformed to approximate normality. A total of 79,873 participants were included in the final analytic sample. MVPA and CRP were both significant predictors of TL (β MVPA = 3.03e − 03 [95%CI = 1.58e − 03, 4.47e − 03], p MVPA = 4.10e − 05; β CRP = − 1.36e − 03 [95%CI = − 1.87e − 03, − 8.40e − 04], p CRP = 2.52e − 07, respectively). The association between MVPA and TL was mediated by CRP, accounting for 8.65% [95% CI: 4.77%, 16.0%] of the total effect (β [95%CI] = 3.31e − 03 [1.84e − 03, 4.75e − 03], p < 2e − 16). Our analysis supports the hypothesis that CRP mediates the relationship between MVPA and TL. These novel findings suggest a potential pathway where PA is associated with lower CRP concentrations, which in turn is associated with longer average TL. Graphical abstract

Factors affecting short-term post-release survival probability of Lake Trout implanted with acoustic telemetry transmitters - Alexander J. Gatch; Dimitry Gorsky; Kyle T. Morton; R. Josephine Johnson; Collin J. Farrell; Timothy B. Johnson; Emma J. Bloomfield; Brent Metcalfe; Jessica Goretzke; Michael Connerton; Sarah M. Larocque; Jonathan D. Midwood; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2025)

Reconstructing Late Pleistocene relative sea levels on transgressed shelves: an example from central California - Elisa Medri; Alexander R. Simms; Jared Kluesner; Samuel Y. Johnson; Stuart P. Nishenko; H. Gary Greene; James E. Conrad; Devin Rand (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Using 3D models to test geological hypotheses for sill complex geometries: Application to Jurassic dolerite intrusions, Tasmania - Fernanda Alvarado-Neves; Laurent Ailleres; Lachlan Grose; Alexander R. Cruden; Robin Armit (Journal of Structural Geology, 2025)

Treatment of PFAS-laden solids via fluidized bed gliding arc plasmatron - Jimmy Murillo-Gelvez; Alexander Rabinovich; Christopher M. Sales; Alexander Fridman; Gregory Fridman; Erica R. McKenzie (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Elemental analysis by neutron activation analysis and synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy of ocean plastics ingested by pelagic seabirds - Jennifer L. Lavers; Nicholas R. Howell; Alexander L. Bond; Daryl L. Howard; Martin D. de Jonge; Ljiljana Puskar; Richard B. Banati (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Psychological and socio-economic drivers of public acceptance for direct air capture and utilization technology - Alexander R. Keeley; Kyomyoung Koo; Andrew Chapman; Shunsuke Managi (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

The global circuit capacitor and two new ways of deriving the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit - Michael J. Rycroft; Alexander P. Nickolaenko; R. Giles Harrison; Anna Odzimek (Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2025)

Responses of small mammals to prescribed low-intensity fire: Genetic insights from a northern Australian fire experiment - Alexander R. Carey; Georgina Neave; Teigan Cremona; Hugh F. Davies; Brett P. Murphy; Geoffrey J. Cary; Tiwi Rangers; Toby Barton; Sam C. Banks (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Was Scotland covered by an ice sheet during Marine Isotope Stage 4? Insights from the pre‐Last Glacial Maximum marine terraces of northwest Scotland - Alexander R. Simms; Regina DeWitt; Sarah L. Bradley; Emily Huffman; Louise Best; Tom Bradwell; Jeremy M. Lloyd; Samuel B. Kachuck (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2025)
Raised shorelines provide important constraints on past sea levels, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), and rates and directions of vertical crustal motion. Although most raised shorelines across NW Scotland relate to post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacial‐isostatic rebound, many undated shorelines lie above the marine limit established from isolation basins. Here, we present new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for a raised marine terrace at an elevation of 28 m in Slaggan Bay of NW Scotland. Four OSL ages suggest the feature is pre‐LGM, likely Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Global mean sea levels (GMSL) during MIS 3 are thought to have been ~40–60 m below present across most of the globe. We use a pair of GIA models to determine what ice sheet and sea‐level scenarios might provide an explanation for these anomalously high sea levels during MIS 3. Our results suggest that in the absence of tectonic activity, such high MIS 3 shorelines across NW Scotland require a MIS 4 ice sheet in Scotland, with postglacial rebound of the crustal depression following its demise during MIS 3 responsible for the elevated shoreline features at that time.

Combining Observations and Models: A Review of the CARDAMOM Framework for Data‐Constrained Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling - Matthew A. Worden; T. Eren Bilir; A. Anthony Bloom; Jianing Fang; Lily P. Klinek; Alexandra G. Konings; Paul A. Levine; David T. Milodowski; Gregory R. Quetin; T. Luke Smallman; Yinon M. Bar‐On; Renato K. Braghiere; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
The rapid increase in the volume and variety of terrestrial biosphere observations (i.e., remote sensing data and in situ measurements) offers a unique opportunity to derive ecological insights, refine process‐based models, and improve forecasting for decision support. However, despite their potential, ecological observations have primarily been used to benchmark process‐based models, as many past and current models lack the capability to directly integrate observations and their associated uncertainties for parameterization. In contrast, data assimilation frameworks such as the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) and its suite of process‐based models, known as the Data Assimilation Linked Ecosystem Carbon Model (DALEC), are specifically designed for model‐data fusion. This review, motivated by a recent CARDAMOM community workshop, examines the development and applications of CARDAMOM, with an emphasis on its role in advancing ecosystem process understanding. CARDAMOM employs a Bayesian approach, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to enable data‐driven calibration of DALEC parameters and initial states (i.e., carbon pool sizes) through observation operators. CARDAMOM's unique ability to retrieve localized model process parameters from diverse datasets—ranging from in situ measurements to global satellite observations—makes it a highly flexible tool for analyzing spatially variable ecosystem responses to environmental change. However, assimilating these data also presents challenges, including data quality issues that propagate into model skill, as well as trade‐offs between model complexity, parameter equifinality, and predictive performance. We discuss potential solutions to these challenges, such as reducing parameter equifinality by incorporating new observations. This review also offers community recommendations for incorporating emerging datasets, integrating machine learning techniques, strengthening collaboration with remote sensing, field, and modeling communities, and expanding CARDAMOM's relevance for localized ecosystem monitoring and decision‐making. CARDAMOM enables a deep, mechanistic understanding of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics that cannot be achieved through empirical analyses of observational datasets or weakly constrained models alone.

Wildfire‐Induced Losses of Soil Particulate and Mineral‐Associated Organic Carbon Persist for Over 4 Years in a Chaparral Ecosystem - Alexander H. Krichels; Elizah Z. Stephens; Chloe Reid; M. Fabiola Pulido Barriga; Maria E. Ordoñez; Jennie R. McLaren; Meg Kargul; Loralee Larios; Sydney I. Glassman; Peter M. Homyak (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Wildfires can lower soil carbon (C) stocks directly through combustion, but also indirectly during post‐fire recovery if microbial C demands outpace photosynthetic C inputs. However, how much C is respired by soil microorganisms post‐fire may depend on wildfire effects on particulate organic carbon (POC; mostly plant material accessible to microbes) and/or mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC; considered C protected by minerals from decomposers), meaning assessment of wildfire impacts on these pools is necessary to predict microbial decomposition rates and, thus, the fate of soil C. Here, we measured POC, MAOC, pyrogenic organic matter C, plant cover, extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), and microbial community abundance and composition 17 days, and 1, 3, and 4 years after the Holy Fire burned 94 km 2 of fire‐adapted chaparral. The wildfire immediately decreased POC by 50% (from 51 ± 21 to 26 ± 6 g C kg −1 ) and MAOC by 33% (from 9.3 ± 0.9 to 6.3 ± 0.9 g C kg −1 ), consistent with MAOC being less vulnerable to loss than POC. POC decreased by another 38% 1 year post‐fire, consistent with increases in microbial abundance and EEA suggesting increased microbial decomposition. Between 1 and 4 years after the fire, cover of the dominant shrub ( Arctostaphylos glandulosa ) increased from 3.9% ± 1.6% to 16% ± 5.4% (compared to 58% ± 4.6% in unburned plots), marking the end of net soil C losses. Still, soil C did not increase between 1 and 4 years post‐fire, suggesting plant C inputs did not outpace microbial respiration, a finding consistent with isotopically heavier C from microorganisms raising bulk soil δ 13 C values. As global changes favor increases in wildfire frequency and severity, C losses via combustion and decomposition may outpace plant C inputs during the first 4 years post‐fire in chaparral, slowing the replenishment of soil C stocks.

Field experiments on the effects of fire on parasite transmission to amphibian hosts - Nicole Ortega; Alexander Shepack; Wayne Price; Todd Campbell; Kym Rouse Holzwart; Steven A. Johnson; Jason R. Rohr (Ecology, 2025)
The emergence of infectious diseases is often associated with changes to host–pathogen ecology, and wildfires are known to profoundly modify the ecology of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Nevertheless, few studies have employed manipulative experiments to quantify the effects of fire on infections across parasite species. In a mark–recapture study, prescribed burns did not significantly affect the densities of Cuban tree frog (CTF; Osteopilus septentrionalis ) definitive hosts. However, prescribed burn field experiments and a before‐after‐control‐burn mesocosm study revealed that fire decreased a skin‐penetrating nematode in CTFs by killing the parasite's soil‐dwelling, free‐living stage, with hotter fires causing a greater reduction in soil‐dwelling nematodes. Additionally, prescribed burns were associated with increases in a terrestrial acuariid nematode and several aquatic trematode metacercariae in CTFs, likely by increasing intermediate host densities. Seven years after the burns, we found little evidence of full recovery because the trajectories of these parasites did not show clear signs of flattening. These results suggest that fire can have predictable and long‐term direct and indirect positive and negative effects on parasite transmission.

Barriers to public engagement with biodiversity conservation - Emily A. Gregg; Georgia E. Garrard; Sarah A. Bekessy; Alexander M. Kusmanoff; Jen K. Martin; Matthew J. Selinske; Lindall R. Kidd; Jennifer A. Robinson (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Addressing biodiversity loss requires public engagement and action, including changes to individual consumption habits, support for on‐the‐ground conservation actions, and advocacy for government action and policy change. Conservation organizations are increasingly focused on encouraging probiodiversity attitudes and behaviors through interventions, such as education programs and marketing campaigns. Yet, motivating public audiences to change their behavior or become more active participants in conservation remains a challenge. We used a strategic communication approach to conceptualize barriers to public engagement with conservation and explored how these barriers manifest differently across audiences based on their current level of engagement (e.g., aware vs. active). The psychological, social, and structural barriers discussed are lack of knowledge, misaligned values, low self‐efficacy, low personal or social relevance, and limiting structural context. These barriers are recognized across conservation science, behavioral science, and social change literature. Many different communication approaches may be used to overcome these barriers, including raising awareness, working with values, social norming, strategic calls to action, social mobilization, and advocacy. Regardless of the approach, understanding individual behaviors, audience types, and their social context is key to supporting biodiversity conservation actions and positive social change.

Chronic arsenic exposure of ovarian surface and fallopian tube cultures induces giant and/or multinucleated cells with phagocytosis-like properties and an inflammatory phenotype - Cristina M. Andrade-Feraud; Arlet M. Acanda de la Rocha; Noah E. Berlow; Santiago Duque; Alexander Velazco; Diego Castillo; Baylee Holcomb; Ebony R. Coats; Yasmin R. Ghurani; Catherine M. Lucey; Brandon Pearson; Tomás R. Guilarte; et al. (Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2025)

Insights into the sea-level history of the South Shetland Islands from ground penetrating radar on Livingston Island, Antarctica - Cameron Gernant; Alexander R. Simms; Regina DeWitt; Brittany Theilen; Christopher N. Garcia; Michael Goebel (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Reconciling scale using the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) Framework to improve management of woody encroachment in grasslands - Rheinhardt Scholtz; Daniel R. Uden; Brady W. Allred; Victoria M. Donovan; Jeremy D. Maestas; Scott L. Morford; Matthew O. Jones; David E. Naugle; Samantha M. Cady; Dillon T. Fogarty; Alexander L. Metcalf; Brian Chaffin; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Oil spill cleanup related exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane and incident diabetes mellitus - Hanna V. Jardel; Alexander P. Keil; Chantel L. Martin; David B. Richardson; Mark R. Stenzel; Patricia A. Stewart; Kate E. Christenbury; Lawrence S. Engel; Dale P. Sandler (Environmental Research, 2025)

Synthesis and in vitro study of a novel catechol with a hydantoin core - Xiumei Bai; Daria A. Ipatova; Dmitry A. Skvortsov; Vyacheslav A. Chertkov; Boris N. Tarasevich; Jinlei Bian; Yury V. Timchenko; Igor A. Rodin; Victor A. Tafeenko; Dmitry S. Yakovlev; Alexander A. Spasov; Raul I. Musaev; et al. (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2025)

Postural stability during illusory self-motion—interactions of vision and touch - Yingjia Yu; Avijit Bakshi; Alexander S. Panic; Paul DiZio; James R. Lackner (Experimental Brain Research, 2025)
The role of vision in stabilizing balance has long been recognized, and previous studies have shown that non-supportive fingertip touch can enhance postural stability. However, the interaction between haptic feedback and the illusion of self-motion remains underexplored. We investigated how different phases of visual motion (no motion, visual motion, self-rotation and displacement illusion), motion order (stationary first vs. motion first), and fingertip cutaneous feedback jointly influence balance and the dynamics of haptic contact. Using a head-mounted display, we presented a virtual room that rotated around the standing participants’ vertical axis. Participants viewing the rotating scene soon experience illusory self-motion and displacement. We examined how the moving visual scene destabilized posture and how it interacted with tactile cues that typically stabilize balance. Our findings revealed differential effects in classical and stochasticity-sensitive analyses. Postural regulation was distinctly influenced by motion phase, order, and tactile feedback. Changes in motion perception—no motion, visual motion, and apparent self-rotation—were linked to both classical and stochastic aspects of postural sway. In contrast, motion order specifically influenced balance metrics encoding stochasticity, with no effect on those filtering out stochastic variability. Notably, the influence of past visual motion perception persisted, affecting postural sway even after motion ceased. The stabilizing effects of touch were reaffirmed, and motion perception significantly influenced the applied touch forces. Both stochastic and non-stochastic attributes of balance and touch force are responsive to visual motion perturbations and illusions, though motion order exclusively affects stochastic dynamics. These findings provide insights into multisensory interactions.

Partial amelioration of a chronic cigarette-smoke-induced phenotype in mice by switching to electronic cigarettes - Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Katherine R. Landwehr; Luke J. Berry; Emma de Jong; Rachel R. Huxley; Arthur Musk; Peter J. Franklin; Benjamin J. Mullins (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)
Electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) are often marketed as smoking cessation tools and are used by smokers to reduce/quit cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to assess the health effects of switching to e-cigarettes after long-term smoking in a mouse model and compare these effects with continued smoking, or quitting entirely. Adult BALB/c mice were whole-body exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke (2 h/day, 5 days/week) for 12 weeks prior to switching to flavoured e-cigarette aerosol (50:50 propylene glycol and glycerine) containing 18 mg/mL nicotine (2 h/day and 5 days/week), continuing cigarette smoking (2 h/day and 5 days/week), or quitting entirely for an additional 2 weeks. We then assessed a range of respiratory health outcomes including lung function and structure, pulmonary inflammation and changes in gene expression in the lung. Switching to e-cigarettes led to improvements in some aspects of respiratory health in mice compared with continued smoking, such as reduced neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. However, total cellular lung inflammation was still elevated and lung function was still impaired, in terms of airway responsiveness to methacholine, for e-cigarette use compared with quitting. Larger effects were typically seen in female mice compared to male. This study shows that switching to e-cigarettes after long-term cigarette smoking leads to improvements in some aspects of respiratory health, such as neutrophilic inflammation and the volume dependence of lung function compared with continued smoking. However, switching to e-cigarettes was not as effective as quitting smoking entirely.

Technology and microwear of worked bone from Letaba, an Early Iron Age site in the Limpopo province, South Africa - Justin Bradfield; Alexander Antonites; Annie R. Antonites (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2025)
Letaba is a large first millennium AD settlement located within the present-day boundaries of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The site was excavated in three phases starting in the 1970s, with the most recent phase still in progress. The site is of regional significance because of its connections to early Indian Ocean trade networks. A large number of worked bones have been recovered at the site, which could point to either endogenous manufacture, or, as per the more conventional interpretation, exchange with autochthonous hunter-gatherers. In this paper, we present the results of a technological and use-wear study of the ninety-four worked bone artefacts that have been recovered to date. We also consider the use and deposition contexts of the bone artefacts and compare the findings to that of two contemporaneous Early Iron Age settlements in South Africa. Our results show the bone working strategy at Letaba bears closer resemblance to contemporaneous Iron Age sites than it does to Later Stone Age ones, but is also distinct in a number of respects. The results enable a more nuanced understanding of Early Iron Age bone manufacturing practices and the activities in which these objects were used.

Quantification of In Situ Ulnar Nerve Strain and Constraint Tension in the Forearm - Mark Carl Miller; Patrick J. Schimoler; Harsh Shah; Alexander Kharlamov; R. David Graham; Carol Armstrong; Andrew Wroblewski; Yue Yin; Peter Tang (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

Separating Historical Catches Among Pygmy Blue Whale Populations Using Recent Song Detections - Trevor A. Branch; Cole C. Monnahan; Emmanuelle C. Leroy; Fannie W. Shabangu; Ana Širović; Salvatore Cerchio; Suaad Al Harthi; Cherry Allison; Naysa Balcázar Cabrera; Dawn R. Barlow; Susannah V. Calderan; Michael C. Double; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2025)
In the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean, there are at least five populations of pygmy blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda , residing in the Northwest Indian Ocean (NWIO, Oman), central Indian Ocean (CIO, Sri Lanka), Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO, Madagascar to Subantarctic), Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO, Australia to Indonesia), and Southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPO, New Zealand). Each population produces a distinctive repeated song, but none have population assessments or reliable measures of historical whaling pressure. Here we created pygmy blue whale catch time series by removing Antarctic blue whale catches using length data and then fitting generalized additive models (based on latitude, longitude, and month) to contemporary song data (largely from 1995 to 2023) to allocate historical catches to the five populations. Most pygmy blue whale catches (97% of 12,207) were taken by Japanese and Soviet operations during 1959/1960 to 1971/1972, with the highest totals taken from the SWIO (6514), SEIO (2593), and CIO (2023), and lower catches from the NWIO (549) and SWPO (528). The resulting predicted annual catch assignments provide the first indication of the magnitude of whaling pressure on each population and are a key step toward assessing the status of these five pygmy blue whale populations.

Integrating Microbial Community Data Into an Ecosystem‐Scale Model to Predict Litter Decomposition in the Face of Climate Change - Katherine S. Rocci; Derek Pierson; Fiona V. Jevon; Alexander Polussa; Angela M. Oliverio; Mark A. Bradford; Peter B. Reich; William R. Wieder (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Litter decomposition is an important ecosystem process and global carbon flux that has been shown to be controlled by climate, litter quality, and microbial communities. Process‐based ecosystem models are used to predict responses of litter decomposition to climate change. While these models represent climate and litter quality effects on litter decomposition, they have yet to integrate empirical microbial community data into their parameterizations for predicting litter decomposition. To fill this gap, our research used a comprehensive leaf litterbag decomposition experiment at 10 temperate forest U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites to calibrate (7 sites) and validate (3 sites) the MIcrobial‐MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model. MIMICS was calibrated to empirical decomposition rates and to their empirical drivers, including the microbial community (represented as the copiotroph‐to‐oligotroph ratio). We calibrate to empirical drivers, rather than solely rates or pool sizes, to improve the underlying drivers of modeled leaf litter decomposition. We then validated the calibrated model and evaluated the effects of calibration under climate change using the SSP 3–7.0 climate change scenario. We find that incorporating empirical drivers of litter decomposition provides similar, and sometimes better (in terms of goodness‐of‐fit metrics), predictions of leaf litter decomposition but with different underlying ecological dynamics. For some sites, calibration also increased climate change‐induced leaf litter mass loss by up to 5%, with implications for carbon cycle‐climate feedbacks. Our work also provides an example for integrating data on the relative abundance of bacterial functional groups into an ecosystem model using a novel calibration method to bridge empiricism and process‐based modeling, answering a call for the use of empirical microbial community data in process‐based ecosystem models. We highlight that incorporating mechanistic information into models, as done in this study, is important for improving confidence in model projections of ecological processes like litter decomposition under climate change.

Genetic deletion of microRNA-15a/16-1 in pericytes stimulates cerebral angiogenesis and promotes functional recovery after ischemic stroke - Ping Sun; Yang Xu; Tianqing Xiong; Shun Li; Na Qiu; Chao Zhou; Jiefei Wang; Alexander Chang; Uma R. Chandran; Ke-Jie Yin (Angiogenesis, 2025)

Variety-seeking behavioral markers in an immersive virtual reality food buffet are associated with greater food and energy intake in laboratory meals - John W. Long; Paige M. Cunningham; Sara J. Maksi; Kathleen L. Keller; Charissa S.L. Cheah; Lee Boot; Alexander Klippel; Timothy R. Brick; Caitlyn G. Edwards; Janelle Kort; Paige Grabusky; Barbara J. Rolls; et al. (Appetite, 2025)

Capsular immunity is necessary for protection against some but not all strains of Glaesserella parasuis - Samantha J. Hau; Shi-Lu Luan; Lucy A. Weinert; Paul R. Langford; Andrew Rycroft; Brendan W. Wren; Duncan J. Maskell; Alexander W. (Dan) Tucker; Susan L. Brockmeier (Veterinary Microbiology, 2025)

Environmental exposure assessment in the international prospective study of Chronic Kidney Disease of UnceRtain Etiology (CKDu) in Agricultural Communities (CURE) research consortium: Design and protocol development - Marvin González-Quiroz; Anna Aceituno; Shuchi Anand; Alexander van Geen; Lawrence S. Engel; Emmanuel Jarquin; Clemens Ruepert; Nicole Villegas-González; Mariela Arias-Hidalgo; Nora Franceschini; Daylin Anchía-Pastrán; Karla Solano-Diaz; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Next generation Arctic vegetation maps: Aboveground plant biomass and woody dominance mapped at 30 m resolution across the tundra biome - Kathleen M. Orndahl; Logan T. Berner; Matthew J. Macander; Marie F. Arndal; Heather D. Alexander; Elyn R. Humphreys; Michael M. Loranty; Sarah M. Ludwig; Johanna Nyman; Sari Juutinen; Mika Aurela; Juha Mikola; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2025)

The effect of temperature and salinity on Margalefidinium polykrikoides group III VA, USA strain growth - Eduardo Pérez-Vega; Margaret R. Mulholland; Katherine E. Crider; Kimberly E. Powell; P.Dreux Chappell; Alexander Bochdansky (Harmful Algae, 2025)

Modeling the impact of smoke from prescribed fire on road visibility - Sara Brambilla; Diego Rojas; David J. Robinson; Alexander J. Josephson; Matthew A. Nelson; Rodman R. Linn (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Harnessing genotype and phenotype data for population-scale variant classification using large language models and bayesian inference - Toby R. Manders; Christopher A. Tan; Yuya Kobayashi; Alexander Wahl; Carlos Araya; Alexandre Colavin; Flavia M. Facio; Hillery Metz; Jason Reuter; Laure Frésard; Samskruthi R. Padigepati; David A. Stafford; et al. (Human Genetics, 2025)

Climate and Emissions Benefits of Renewable Diesel: In-Use Testing of a Tier 2 Commercial Harbor Craft - Julia A. Billington; Bo Yang; Wayne Sobieralski; Christian Fehrenbacher; Gavin M. Hoch; Andrew L. Damiano; Razieh Nadafianshahamabadi; Alexander R. Mitchell; David C. Quiros (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2025)

Seroprevalence of anti-influenza antibodies in humans and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Russia during the 2023–2024 flu season - Svetlana V. Svyatchenko; Nikita D. Boldyrev; Anastasia S. Panova; Natalia P. Kolosova; Kiunnei N. Shadrinova; Natalia I. Goncharova; Galina S. Onkhonova; Alina R. Muratova; Alexey V. Danilenko; Elena I. Danilenko; Andrey S. Gudymo; Natalia N. Vasiltsova; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2025)

Intraspecific Variation in Crayfish Behaviour Alters Stream Ecosystem Functions - Bana A. Kabalan; Alexander J. Reisinger; Lauren M. Pintor; Marco Scarasso; Ashley R. Smyth; Lindsey S. Reisinger (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Human‐induced environmental changes are reshaping animal behavioural traits, yet their ecological consequences remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that among‐population variation in the behavioural traits of two freshwater crayfish species profoundly affects key ecosystem functions in streams. Crayfish movement behaviour was strongly linked to increased water column metabolism in both natural streams and controlled mesocosm experiments. Movement also influenced nutrient cycling, highlighting the role of bioturbation in ecosystem dynamics. In contrast, boldness negatively impacted leaf litter breakdown, suggesting that less bold individuals rely more on leaf litter as refuge and food. Notably, within‐species behavioural differences often outweighed species identity in determining ecological impacts. Our findings reveal that shifts in animal movement behaviour can drive fundamental ecological processes and emphasise the overlooked importance of within‐species trait variation. These results advance our understanding of how behavioural diversity influences ecosystem functions and underscore the need to incorporate intraspecific variation into ecological frameworks.

Expanding the boundaries: regional connectivity in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations across Micronesia - Michael P. Jensen; Erin L. LaCasella; Donald R. Kobayashi; Amy Frey; Tammy M. Summers; Jessy R. Hapdei; George H. Balazs; Shawn K. K. Murakawa; T. Todd Jones; Summer L. Martin; Alexander R. Gaos; Peter H. Dutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
The importance of ocean currents in influencing the connectivity and dispersal of marine megafauna, including sea turtles, is becoming increasingly recognized. However, more comprehensive studies are needed on how these currents impact the genetic makeup and connectivity of green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Pacific Islands region. To address this gap, our study conducted genetic analyses of green turtles in foraging grounds from four Micronesian sites and predictive modelling of hatchling dispersal patterns based on ocean currents to explore connectivity between foraging grounds and rookeries across Micronesia. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype frequencies from newly collected and published data. We used Bayesian mixed stock analysis (MSA) to estimate the relative proportion of turtles from different Management Units (MUs) within the foraging grounds. Our ocean current simulations predicted hatchling dispersal trajectories, revealing how passive drift may facilitate wide-ranging dispersal and connectivity among distant foraging and nesting sites. Across the four Micronesian foraging grounds, the MSA revealed varying contributions from different rookeries, with some turtles exhibiting rare, long-distance dispersal traits. Our study highlights the intricate relationship between oceanic currents and the spatial dynamics of green turtles across the Pacific. Our findings offer essential insights into the conservation and management of green turtles by highlighting the role of oceanic currents in shaping population connectivity. Future research should focus on expanding genetic analyses and refining ocean drift simulations to enhance our understanding of marine megafauna migration and inform regional conservation strategies effectively.

Study of D s 1 ( 2460 ) + → D s + π + π - in B → D ‾ ( * ) D s + π + π - decays - R. Aaij; A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb; C.Abellan Beteta; F. Abudinén; T. Ackernley; A.A. Adefisoye; B. Adeva; M. Adinolfi; P. Adlarson; C. Agapopoulou; C.A. Aidala; Z. Ajaltouni; et al. (Science Bulletin, 2025)

Using New Zealand's late-Quaternary fossil record to estimate the past distribution and habitats of a relict species (kākāpō: Strigops habroptila) - Alexander P. Boast; Jamie R. Wood; Trevor H. Worthy; George L.W. Perry; Janet M. Wilmshurst (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

The importance of tropical tree-ring chronologies for global change research - Peter Groenendijk; Flurin Babst; Valerie Trouet; Ze-Xin Fan; Daniela Granato-Souza; Giuliano Maselli Locosselli; Mulugeta Mokria; Shankar Panthi; Nathsuda Pumijumnong; Abrham Abiyu; Rodolfo Acuña-Soto; Eduardo Adenesky-Filho; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for longwall coal mines - Derrick Chambers; Alexander Ankamah; Ahmad Tourei; Eileen R. Martin; Tim Dean; Jeffery Shragge; John A. Hole; Rafal Czarny; Gareth Goldswain; Jako du Toit; M. Shawn Boltz; James McGuiness (International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2025)

Cross-cultural evidence that intergroup conflict heightens preferences for dominant leaders: A 25-country study - Lasse Laustsen; Xiaotian Sheng; M. Ghufran Ahmad; Laith Al-Shawaf; Benjamin Banai; Irena Pavela Banai; Michael Barlev; Nicolas Bastardoz; Alexander Bor; Joey T. Cheng; Anna Chmielińska; Alexandra Cook; et al. (Evolution and Human Behavior, 2025)

Probabilistic storm surge and flood-inundation modeling of the Texas gulf coast using super-fast INundation of CoastS (SFINCS) - Wonhyun Lee; Alexander Y. Sun; Bridget R. Scanlon (Coastal Engineering, 2025)

Progressive enrichment of benthic primary producer and dreissenid δ15N with depth in Lakes Erie and Ontario - Leon R. Katona; Lyubov E. Burlakova; Alexander Y. Karatayev; Yvonne Vadeboncoeur (Hydrobiologia, 2025)

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series - Maria Dornelas; Laura H. Antão; Amanda E. Bates; Viviana Brambilla; Jonathan M. Chase; Cher F. Y. Chow; Ada Fontrodona‐Eslava; Anne E. Magurran; Inês S. Martins; Faye Moyes; Alban Sagouis; Samuel Adu‐Acheampong; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learning - Marthe Mieling; Mushfa Yousuf; Nico Bunzeck; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; Susan Landau; Monica Rivera-Mindt; Leslie M. Shaw; Edward B. Lee; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia patients. Features included structural MRI, CSF status, demographics, and genetic data. Analyses comprised one cross-sectional multi-class classification (CN vs. MCI vs. AD dementia, n = 568) and two longitudinal binary-class classifications (CN-to-MCI converters vs. CN stable, n = 92; MCI-to-AD converters vs. MCI stable, n = 378). All classifications achieved 70–77% accuracy and 61–83% precision. Key features were CSF status, hippocampal volume, entorhinal thickness, and amygdala volume, with a clear dissociation: hippocampal properties contributed to the conversion to MCI, while the entorhinal cortex characterized the conversion to AD dementia. The findings highlight explainable, trajectory-specific insights into AD progression.

Earth's most needed uncultivated aquatic prokaryotes - Sophie A. Simon; Vera Aschmann; Annika Behrendt; Michael Hügler; Lisa M. Engl; Marion Pohlner; Sönke Rolfes; Thorsten Brinkhoff; Bert Engelen; Martin Könneke; Luis M. Rodriguez-R; Till L.V. Bornemann; et al. (Water Research, 2025)

Systemic toxicity after rattlesnake envenomation in patients using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A North American Snakebite Registry study - A.M. Ruha; M.B. Spyres; R. Culbreth; B. Wolk; C. Hoyte; S. Campleman; Peter Akpunonu; Adam Algren; Alexandra Amaducci; Sukhshant Atti; Connie Aubin; Kevin Baumgartner; et al. (Toxicon, 2025)

Governance of a landscape: The role of formal and informal organizations - Hannah Legatzke; Brian C. Chaffin; Theresa M. Floyd; Simanti Banerjee; Sarah Church; Sabrina Gulab; Samantha Hamlin; Gwendwr R. Meredith; Alexander L. Metcalf; Holly K. Nesbitt; Emily Sutherland-Rowen; Daniel R. Uden; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Two episodes of lunar basaltic volcanism in Mare Fecunditatis as revealed by Luna-16 soil samples - Svetlana Demidova; Alexander Nemchin; Renaud Merle; Yue Guan; James Head; Katherine Helen Joy; Clive R. Neal; Martin Whitehouse; Mikhail Ivanov; Xiao-Lei Wang; Xiaochao Che; Cyril Lorenz; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Clinical ischemia-reperfusion injury: Driven by reductive rather than oxidative stress? A narrative review - Michèle J.C. de Kok; Alexander F.M. Schaapherder; Jonna R. Bloeme - ter Horst; Maria Letizia Lo Faro; Dorottya K. de Vries; Rutger J. Ploeg; Jaap A. Bakker; Jan H.N. Lindeman (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2025)

Optimizing genome editing in bovine cells: A comparative study of Cas9 variants and CRISPR delivery methods - Xiaofeng Du; Alexander Quinn; Timothy Mahony; Di Xia; Laercio R. Porto-Neto (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2025)

An In Vitro Dissolution Method for Inhaled Drugs Depositing in the Tracheobronchial Lung Region - Alexander Huang; Scott Tavernini; Dino J. Farina; Warren H. Finlay; Andrew R. Martin (Pharmaceutical Research, 2025)

Genetic diversity and expansion routes of the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in Eastern Europe - Oksana V. Travina; Yulia V. Bespalaya; Alexander V. Kondakov; Ilya V. Vikhrev; Olga V. Aksenova; Andrey S. Aksenov; Evgeniy S. Babushkin; Mikhail Yu. Gofarov; Yulia S. Kolosova; Alexander V. Kropotin; Irina S. Khrebtova; Artem A. Lyubas; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2025)

Voxel-wise insights into early Alzheimer’s disease pathology progression: the association with APOE and memory decline - Maha Wybitul; Nicolas Langer; Christoph Hock; Anton Gietl; Valerie Treyer; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald-Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Longitudinal investigation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype’s impact on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker progression, focusing on amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and gray matter (GM) atrophy, integrating cognitive decline and baseline levels. Longitudinal florbetapir-PET and T1-weighted MRI data from 100 cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) participants both with considerable global Aβ accumulation (“high Aβ accumulators”) were analyzed using a voxel-wise approach. Associations of APOE genotype and memory decline with Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy were examined separately for each neuroimaging modality, controlling for baseline Aβ levels and diagnosis. Alternatively, the effect of baseline diagnosis, while controlling for memory decline, was investigated. A multimodal analysis evaluated interactions between genotype, memory decline, and GM atrophy on Aβ accumulation. High Aβ accumulators displayed extensive Aβ pathology predominantly in the medial orbito-frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and precuneus, along with GM atrophy in temporal, occipital, orbito-frontal, and parietal areas. ɛ4 carriers with memory decline exhibited greater Aβ accumulation and GM atrophy in selective regions compared to non-carriers with memory decline, while no genotype difference was observed in individuals without decline. No interaction effect was observed for MCI diagnosis. Regional associations between the two biomarkers were similarly dependent on genotype and memory decline. ɛ4 carriers exhibiting memory decline present an accelerated neurobiological pattern at predementia stages, supporting early ɛ4 carrier monitoring and interventions in this at-risk group. Importantly, memory decline might be more informative than MCI regarding AD pathology progression emphasizing the importance of repeated cognitive assessments.

Bridging imaging-based in vitro methods from biomedical research to regulatory toxicology - Monica Piergiovanni; Milena Mennecozzi; Erio Barale-Thomas; Davide Danovi; Sebastian Dunst; David Egan; Aurora Fassi; Matthew Hartley; Philipp Kainz; Katharina Koch; Sylvia E. Le Dévédec; Iris Mangas; et al. (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)

Degradability and remineralization of peat-derived terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in the Sunda Shelf Sea - Yuan Chen; Moritz Müller; Alexander R. Cobb; Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri; Jens Zinke; R. Nagarajan; R. Sharveen; Abdulmajid Muhammad Ali; Patrick Martin (Aquatic Sciences, 2025)

Rampant Dispersal Without Gene‐Flow: Reproductively and Geographically Isolated Lineages of the Supertramp Lizard Lamprolepis smaragdina Permeate the Lesser Sunda Archipelago - Sean B. Reilly; Hinrich Kaiser; Benjamin R. Karin; Umilaela Arifin; Alexander L. Stubbs; Evy Arida; Amir Hamidy; Djoko T. Iskandar; Jimmy A. McGuire (Journal of Biogeography, 2025)
Aim We investigated the biogeographical patterns of a widespread arboreal lizard found throughout Wallacea and the western Pacific islands. Wallacea contains longstanding oceanic currents that flow from the Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean, known as the Indonesian Throughflow. Using genetic data, we aim to estimate the timing and sequence of island colonisation in the Lesser Sunda archipelago of southern Wallacea, and to determine the proportion of dispersal events that may have been aided by ocean currents. Levels of gene flow are also explored in the context of island arrangement, past connectivity (ex. Pleistocene land bridges), and ocean currents. Location Southern Wallacea (Indonesia, Timor‐Leste). Taxon Emerald Tree Skink ( Lamprolepis smaragdina ). Methods We estimated a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny from southern Wallacean populations to identify divergent populations and to guide sample selection for genomic‐scale data collection. These genomic data were used to estimate (1) phylogenetic relationships of island populations using both concatenated Maximum Likelihood, summary coalescent and multispecies coalescent methods, (2) levels of genetic connectivity between lineages using genetic clustering and migration analyses, and (3) to reconstruct their dispersal history using ancestral range reconstruction analysis. Results We found that the Emerald Tree Skinks of southern Wallacea diverged from a population on Peleng Island ~1.25 Ma and that Lesser Sunda populations diverged between ~1 and 0.4 Ma. MtDNA data are insufficient to estimate the relationships of each population and find one island to be paraphyletic and two to be polyphyletic. Genomic data find that Timor Island is polyphyletic while all other islands are recovered as monophyletic. Gene flow is minimal or absent across the archipelago, even between islands that become periodically land bridged. More than half of the estimated over‐water dispersal events occurred perpendicular to or against ocean currents. Main Conclusions Despite this species' over‐water dispersal abilities island populations are genetically isolated from one another, even on adjacent islands that become periodically land bridged. This suggests that species formation is complete. The inferred dispersal history involved many paths that would be difficult to complete given the direction of ocean currents, indicating that historical ocean currents are more dynamic than currently understood.

Positive Feedback on Climate Warming by Stream Microbial Decomposers Indicated by a Global Space‐For‐Time Substitution Study - Javier Pérez; Luz Boyero; Richard G. Pearson; Mark O. Gessner; Alan Tonin; Naiara López‐Rojo; Juan Rubio‐Ríos; Francisco Correa‐Araneda; Alberto Alonso; Aydeé Cornejo; Ricardo J. Albariño; Sankarappan Anbalagan; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Decomposition of plant litter is a key ecological process in streams, whose contribution to the global carbon cycle is large relative to their extent on Earth. We examined the mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity (TS) of instream decomposition and forecast effects of climate warming on this process. Comparing data from 41 globally distributed sites, we assessed the TS of microbial and total decomposition using litter of nine plant species combined in six mixtures. Microbial decomposition conformed to the metabolic theory of ecology and its TS was consistently higher than that of total decomposition, which was higher than found previously. Litter quality influenced the difference between microbial and total decomposition, with total decomposition of more recalcitrant litter being more sensitive to temperature. Our projections suggest that (i) warming will enhance the microbial contribution to decomposition, increasing CO 2 outgassing and intensifying the warming trend, especially in colder regions; and (ii) riparian species composition will have a major influence on this process.

Migratory Birds Advance Spring Arrival and Egg‐Laying in the Arctic, Mostly by Travelling Faster - Thomas K. Lameris; Michiel P. Boom; Rascha J. M. Nuijten; Nelleke H. Buitendijk; Götz Eichhorn; Bruno J. Ens; Klaus‐Michael Exo; Petr M. Glazov; Sveinn Are Hanssen; Philip Hunke; Henk P. van der Jeugd; Margje E. de Jong; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
In the current warming climate, many organisms in seasonal environments advance their timing of reproduction to benefit from resource peaks earlier in spring. For migrants, the potential to advance reproduction may be constrained by their migration strategies, notably their ability to advance arrival at the breeding grounds. Recent studies show various changes in migration strategies, including wintering closer to the breeding grounds, earlier departure from the wintering grounds or faster travels by spending less time at stopover sites. However, whether such changes lead to earlier arrival or earlier breeding remains an open question. We studied changes in migration and reproduction timing in 12 populations of nine migratory birds, including seabirds, shorebirds, birds of prey and waterfowl breeding at Arctic sites bordering the Greenland and Barents Sea, a region undergoing rapid climate warming. The timing of migration and reproduction was derived from tracking and field data and analysed to study (1) how timing has changed in response to the changing moment of snowmelt at the breeding grounds and (2) what adjustments in migration strategies this involved. We found that in years with early snowmelt, egg‐laying in multiple populations advanced, but only two waterfowl populations also advanced arrival in the Arctic. In contrast, arrival in the Arctic generally advanced with time, even when snowmelt or egg‐laying dates did not advance. Earlier arrival with time was mostly explained by populations traveling to the Arctic faster, likely spending less time at stopover sites. Inability to forecast conditions in the Arctic may limit birds to adjust migration timing to annually varying snowmelt, but we show that several species, particularly waterfowl, are able to travel faster and advance the timing of migration over the years. The question remains whether this reflects adaptations to Arctic climate change or other factors, for example, environmental changes along the migratory route.

In utero and early-life nitrate in drinking water impacts lung function of weanling rats - Alexander N. Larcombe; Katherine R. Landwehr; Luke J. Berry; Emma E. Catchpole; Avalon Gray; Leaf R. Kardol; Caitlin S. Wyrwoll (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Mid-Holocene hydroclimatic change and hurricane activity in Central America recorded by an Isla de Mona Stalagmite” [Marine Geology 471 (2024) 107289] - Huiru Tang; Liangcheng Tan; Yongli Gao; Jingjie Zang; Le Ma; Yanzhen Li; R. Lawrence Edwards; Hai Cheng; Ashish Sinha; Xiqian Wang; Xing Cheng; Ángel A. Garcia; et al. (Marine Geology, 2025)

Chemistry imaging and distribution analysis of rare earth elements in coal using LIBS and LA-ICP-MS instruments - Chet R. Bhatt; Jinesh C. Jain; Alexander A. Bol'shakov; Dustin L. McIntyre (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2025)

Carbonate deposition in the Arctic during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) - Henry W. Posamentier; Anatoly M. Nikishin; Ksenia F. Aleshina; Elizaveta A. Rodina; Alexander P. Afanasenkov; Steven L. Bachtel; Gillian R. Foulger (Gondwana Research, 2025)

Review of landslide inventories for Nepal between 2010 and 2021 reveals data gaps in global landslide hotspot - Erin L. Harvey; Mark E. Kincey; Nick J. Rosser; Arishma Gadtaula; Ethan Collins; Alexander L. Densmore; Alexandre Dunant; Katie J. Oven; Katherine Arrell; Gopi K. Basyal; Megh Raj Dhital; Tom R. Robinson; et al. (Natural Hazards, 2025)
A review of landslide inventories provides an essential assessment of the state of knowledge around landslide hazard and can guide the focus of future studies. This is especially true in Nepal, which is highly prone to landslides, but lacks a comprehensive overview of landslide occurrence nationally. Here, we compile a database of 117 landslide inventories for Nepal released between 2010 and 2021. We review how these existing inventories shape our understanding of landsliding in Nepal and discuss how future research efforts could mitigate current challenges. We find that 40% of the country was only manually mapped once across the study period, and, crucially, these areas did not always correspond with areas of low landslide susceptibility. Instead, existing landslide inventories typically focus on specific areas, such as the region affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and major highway corridors. We also extrapolated the individual inventory characteristics from within this unique database to infer a national-scale areal density of 0.05 landslides per km 2 , equating to 6000 landslides across the country. This extrapolated value provides a baseline for future national-scale studies, especially for inventories created through automated mapping approaches. Our review highlights the importance of expanding the footprint of landslide inventories in Nepal to include regions with low mapping coverage and the need for inventories to be openly available, with clear protocols to enable inter-comparison. Whilst our review has focused on Nepal, these findings are likely to be relevant in other landslide-prone countries and our recommendations are intended to be applicable elsewhere.

The effect of high-pressure metasomatism on the boron isotope signature of subducted oceanic crust in the Raspas Complex (Ecuador) - Jie Dodo Xu; Horst R. Marschall; Axel Gerdes; Alexander Schmidt; Timm John (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2025)
Boron abundances and B isotopic compositions of well-characterized blueschists and eclogites from the Raspas Complex (Ecuador) were analyzed to improve the use of boron as a tracer for recycling at convergent margins. The MORB-type eclogite interacted with internally-derived fluids released from metabasalt during the transition from blueschist to eclogite, with input from sediments. During metasomatism, B was gradually leached from the MORB-type eclogites (decrease from 6 $$\upmu $$ g/g to 1.5 $$\upmu $$ g/g), and their B isotopic composition was driven to isotopically heavier values in the range of $$-$$ 7.4 $$\permille $$ to $$-$$ 3.4 $$\permille $$ . The B isotopic composition of the metasomatic fluid is estimated between $$-3$$ and +1 $$\permille $$ . The isotopic composition of the least metasomatized MORB-type eclogite samples ( $${-7.4± 0.7}{\permille }$$ ) is considered close to the B isotopic composition of the dehydrated AOC in the case of Raspas at the stage of deepest subduction and most extensive dehydration. This constitutes a decrease in $$δ ^{11}\text {B}$$ of approximately 10 $$\permille $$ from its likely pre-subduction AOC protolith. The blueschist experienced a type of high-pressure metasomatism that is distinct from the one that affected the MORB-type eclogites. The metasomatic fluids were internally-derived and released by metabasalt as well, but with more input from sediments. The metasomatic fluid had a B isotope signature of approximately $$-$$ 5.2 $$\permille $$ . The zoisite eclogite samples show a very distinct mineralogical and geochemical composition that records the highest degree of high-pressure metasomatic overprint. Their elemental and isotopic composition was thereby set to $$\text {[B]}={2.1± 0.3}\upmu \hbox {g/g}$$ and $$δ ^{11}\text {B}={-5.8± 1.8}{\permille }$$ . As demonstrated in previous studies, the high-pressure metasomatic fluid that caused the metasomatic overprint was mainly derived from– or interacted with– serpentinite, but had admixed components from metabasalts and metasediments. The B isotopic composition of the respective fluid is estimated at $${-2.6} {\permille }$$ , which overlaps with the composition of most volcanic arc basalts. This study, therefore shows, that metasomatic fluids that migrated through the Raspas slab at a depth of 50–70km had a B isotopic composition between $$-5.2$$ to +1 $$\permille $$ and were, thus, significantly heavier than that of the mantle.

International Consortium to Classify Ageing-related Pathologies (ICCARP) senescence definitions: achieving international consensus - Emma Short; Robert T. R. Huckstepp; Kambiz Alavian; Winfried M. K. Amoaku; Thomas M. Barber; Edwin J. R. van Beek; Emyr Benbow; Sunil Bhandari; Phillip Bloom; Carlo Cota; Paul Chazot; Gary Christopher; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Storm Surge Clusters, Multi-Peak Storms and Their Effect on the Performance of the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier (The Netherlands) - Alexander M. R. Bakker; Dion L. T. Rovers; Leslie F. Mooyaart (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
Storm surge barriers are crucial for the flood protection of the Netherlands and other deltas. In the Netherlands, the reliability of flood defenses is typically assessed based on extreme water levels and wave height statistics. Yet, in the case of operated flood defenses, such as storm surge barriers, the temporal clustering of successive events may be just as important. This study investigates the evolution and associated flood risk of clusters of successive storm tide peaks at the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier in the Netherlands. Two mechanisms are considered. Multi-peak storm surge events, as a consequence of tidal movement on top of the surge, are studied by means of stochastic storm tide events. Clusters of storm tides resulting from different, but related storms are investigated by means of time series analysis of a long sea-level record. We conclude that the tendency of extreme storm tide peaks to cluster is especially related to the seasonality in storm activity. In the current situation, the occurrence of clusters of storm tide peaks have only a minor influence of the flood risk in the area behind the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier. We envision, however, that this influence is likely to increase with sea-level rise. The numbers are, however, uncertain due to the strong sensitivity to assumptions, model choices and the applied data set. More insight into the statistics of the time evolution of extreme sea water levels is needed to better understand and ultimately to reduce these uncertainties.

Characterization of Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Eudragit® RL and Oppositely Charged Eudragit® Polyanions as a Novel Matrix System for Colon-specific Drug Delivery - Rouslan I. Moustafine; Natalia N. Porfiryeva; Shamil F. Nasibullin; Alexander Y. Sitenkov; Aleksandra V. Sitenkova; Venera R. Timergalieva; Vera A. Kemenova (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025)

Prioritising relevant polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners for human dietary exposure studies - Alwyn R. Fernandes; Alexander Schächtele; Rainer Malisch; Theresa Zwickel; Karin Tschiggfrei; Jerzy Falandysz (Chemosphere, 2025)

Patterns and mechanisms of wetland change in the Breton sound estuary, Mississippi River delta: A review - John Day; Robert Lane; Matt Moerschbaecher; H.C. Clark; Mead Allison; Ehab Meselhe; Alexander S. Kolker; Rachael Hunter; Paul Kemp; Jae-Young Ko; Robert Twilley; John R. White; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Nanoscale reservoirs store solar wind-derived water on the lunar surface - Alexander M. Kling; Jennika Greer; Michelle S. Thompson; Philipp R. Heck; Dieter Isheim; David N. Seidman (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Ultramafic-influenced submarine venting on basaltic seafloor at the Polaris site, 87°N, Gakkel Ridge - Elmar Albers; Alexander Diehl; Jessica N. Fitzsimmons; Laramie T. Jensen; Frieder Klein; Jill M. McDermott; Autun Purser; Jeffrey S. Seewald; Maren Walter; Gunter Wegener; Wolfgang Bach; Antje Boetius; et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2025)

Assessing biodiversity‐related disclosure: Drivers, outcomes, and financial impacts - Alexander Bassen; Daniel Buchholz; Kerstin Lopatta; Anna R. Rudolf (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2025)
Biological diversity—the complex tapestry of life and ecosystems—is facing an urgent global crisis, with increasing extinction rates and the loss of variety on all levels of biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem diversity. This study analyzes 2843 environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reports by companies from 43 countries, focusing on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards, and examines the quality of biodiversity‐related disclosure (BRD) from 2010 to 2019. The study achieves three objectives. First, it provides a global assessment of the quality of BRD, which declines after 2015 despite increased recognition of the importance of biodiversity. Second, it identifies the influence of climate‐related risks and management incentives as internal determinants of BRD quality. Third, in examining the consequences of BRD, it highlights the impact of BRD quality on investor risk perception and stakeholder perceptions (i.e., corporate reputation). Improved BRD quality increases perceived risk. For companies with biodiversity impacts, however, the effect is the opposite, suggesting that investors do not fully understand the risks of biodiversity dependency. These findings suggest the need for equal recognition of biodiversity alongside climate change in reporting standards and policies.

Heresy in ENSO teleconnections: atmospheric rivers as disruptors of canonical seasonal precipitation anomalies in the Southwestern US - Rosa Luna-Niño; Alexander Gershunov; F. Martin Ralph; Alexander Weyant; Kristen Guirguis; Michael J. DeFlorio; Daniel R. Cayan; A. Park Williams (Climate Dynamics, 2025)
In spite of forecasts for anomalous dryness based on the canonical La Niña signal, Water Years 2011, 2017, and 2023 brought copious precipitation to California and the Southwestern United States (SWUS). Although El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main source of seasonal precipitation predictability for the region, outstanding Atmospheric River (AR) activity produced the unexpected regional wetness in each of these heretical water years (WYs). We define heretical WYs as those that result in precipitation anomalies that oppose those expected based on ENSO canon. We assess the contribution of ARs and other storms to these WYs, finding that heretical La Niña/El Niño WYs were characterized by anomalously robust/deficient AR activity. In California, precipitation accumulation during the heretical La Niña WYs was comparable to or even exceeded that observed during the exceedingly wet WY1998—the textbook canonical El Niño year. Our findings indicate a weaker/stronger relationship between ENSO and AR/non-AR precipitation, primarily driven by storm frequency. Although ARs can disrupt the ENSO-precipitation signal, ENSO still influences the frequency of AR precipitation in the southwestern U.S. desert, the region influenced by ARs that make landfall in Baja California, Mexico. These results highlight the complexity of ENSO's impact on precipitation in the Western US and underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of ENSO’s influence on ARs to improve seasonal precipitation prediction.

Taxus tree-ring chronologies from southern England reveal western European hydroclimate changes over the past three centuries - Tatiana Bebchuk; Andy K. Moir; Tito Arosio; Alexander V. Kirdyanov; Max C. A. Torbenson; Paul J. Krusic; Toby R. Hindson; Heidi Howard; Agata Buchwal; Charles A. P. Norman; Ulf Büntgen (Climate Dynamics, 2025)
Heatwaves and summer droughts across Europe are likely to intensify under anthropogenic global warming thereby affecting ecological and societal systems. To place modern trends and extremes in the context of past natural variability, annually resolved and absolutely dated climate reconstructions are needed. Here, we present a network of 153 yew ( Taxus baccata L.) tree-ring width (TRW) series from 22 sites in southern England that cover the past 310 years. Significant positive correlations were found between TRW chronologies and both April–July precipitation totals (r > 0.7) and July drought indices (r > 0.59) back to 1901 CE ( p < 0.05). We used a suite of residual and standard TRW chronologies to reconstruct interannual to multi-decadal spring–summer precipitation and mid-summer drought variability over western Europe, respectively. Our yew hydroclimate reconstructions capture the majority of reported summer droughts and pluvials back to 1710 CE. Clusters of severe drought spells occurred in the second half of the 18th and mid-twentieth century. Our study suggests that the frequency and intensity of recent hydroclimate extremes over western Europe are likely still within the range of past natural variability.

The flexible chain: regulation of structure and activity of ETC complexes defines rate of ATP synthesis and sites of superoxide generation - Zhanna V. Bochkova; Adil A. Baizhumanov; Alexander I. Yusipovich; Kseniia I. Morozova; Evelina I. Nikelshparg; Anna A. Fedotova; Alisa B. Tiaglik; Yu Xu; Alexey R. Brazhe; Georgy V. Maksimov; Dmitry S. Bilan; Yuliya V. Khramova; et al. (Biophysical Reviews, 2025)

Investigation of debris propagation dynamics and spacecraft survivability risks in venus synchronous and high-altitude mission orbits - Robert A. Bettinger; Alexander M. Petrocelli; Nicholas Reid; Wade Lawrie; Nathan R. Boone (Advances in Space Research, 2025)

A Mechanistic Approach to Animal Dispersal—Quantifying Energetics and Maximum Distances - Caitlin Wilkinson; Ulrich Brose; Alexander Dyer; Myriam R. Hirt; Remo Ryser (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Dispersal is a fundamental process driving many ecological patterns. During transfer, species often make large‐scale displacements resulting in significant energy losses with implications for fitness and survival, however generalising these losses across different taxonomic groups is challenging. We developed a bioenergetic dispersal model based on fundamental processes derived from species traits. By balancing energy storage and energy loss during active dispersal, our mechanistic model can quantify energy expenditures depending on landscape configuration and the species in focus. Moreover, it can be used to predict the maximum dispersal capacity of animals, which we compare with recorded maximum dispersal distances ( n = 1571). Due to its foundation in bioenergetics it can easily be integrated into various ecological models, such as food‐web and meta‐community models. Furthermore, as dispersal is integral to ecological research, the quantification of dispersal capacities provides valuable insight into landscape connectivity, species persistence, and distribution patterns with implications for conservation research.

Continent‐Wide Drivers of Spatial Synchrony in Breeding Demographic Structure Across Wild Great Tit Populations - Joe P. Woodman; Stefan J. G. Vriend; Frank Adriaensen; Elena Álvarez; Alexander Artemyev; Emilio Barba; Malcolm D. Burgess; Samuel P. Caro; Laure Cauchard; Anne Charmantier; Ella F. Cole; Niels Dingemanse; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Variation in age structure influences population dynamics, yet we have limited understanding of the spatial scale at which its fluctuations are synchronised between populations. Using 32 great tit populations, spanning 4° W–33° E and 35°–65° N involving > 130,000 birds across 67 years, we quantify spatial synchrony in breeding demographic structure (subadult vs. adult breeders) and its drivers. We show that larger clutch sizes, colder winters, and larger beech crops lead to younger populations. We report distance‐dependent synchrony of demographic structure, maintained at approximately 650 km. Despite covariation with demographic structure, we do not find evidence for environmental variables influencing the scale of synchrony, except for beech masting. We suggest that local ecological and density‐dependent dynamics impact how environmental variation interacts with demographic structure, influencing estimates of the environment's effect on synchrony. Our analyses demonstrate the operation of synchrony in demographic structure over large scales, with implications for age‐dependent demography in populations.

Quantifying the impacts of future shoreline modification on biodiversity in a case study of coastal Georgia, United States - Daniel J. Coleman; Rachel K. Gittman; Craig E. Landry; James E. Byers; Clark R. Alexander; G. Paul Coughlin; C. Brock Woodson (Conservation Biology, 2025)
People often modify the shoreline to mitigate erosion and protect property from storm impacts. The 2 main approaches to modification are gray infrastructure (e.g., bulkheads and seawalls) and natural or green infrastructure (NI) (e.g., living shorelines). Gray infrastructure is still more often used for coastal protection than NI, despite having more detrimental effects on ecosystem parameters, such as biodiversity. We assessed the impact of gray infrastructure on biodiversity and whether the adoption of NI can mitigate its loss. We examined the literature to quantify the relationship of gray infrastructure and NI to biodiversity and developed a model with temporal geospatial data on ecosystem distribution and shoreline modification to project future shoreline modification for our study location, coastal Georgia (United States). We applied the literature‐derived empirical relationships of infrastructure effects on biodiversity to the shoreline modification projections to predict change in biodiversity under different NI versus gray infrastructure scenarios. For our study area, which is dominated by marshes and use of gray infrastructure, when just under half of all new coastal infrastructure was to be NI, previous losses of biodiversity from gray infrastructure could be mitigated by 2100 (net change of biodiversity of +0.14%, 95% confidence interval −0.10% to +0.39%). As biodiversity continues to decline from human impacts, it is increasingly imperative to minimize negative impacts when possible. We therefore suggest policy and the permitting process be changed to promote the adoption of NI.

Dynamic proportional loss of functional connectivity revealed change of left superior frontal gyrus in subjective cognitive decline: an explanatory study based on Chinese and Western cohorts - Luyao Wang; Wenjing Hu; Fan Dong; Can Sheng; Jinglong Wu; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)

Estimating canopy cover loss with Landsat dense time series: a Mortality Magnitude Index for the Ecosystem Disturbance and Recovery Tracker (eDaRT) - Michèle R. Slaton; Alexander Koltunov; Kirk Evans; Tanya Kohler; Laura Young-Hart (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2025)