Trophic magnification rates of eighteen trace elements in freshwater food webs - Alexander R. Pelletier; Francisco Villamarin; João V. Campos-Silva; Andressa B. Scabin; Lorne E. Doig; Timothy D. Jardine (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Where is the Ethical Debate around Phenotypic Screening of Prenatal Tissue Using Stem Cell-Derived Tissue Constructs? - Alexander R. Harris; Mary Jean Walker; Frederic Gilbert; Patrick McGivern (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2025)

The relationship of coping style and social support variation to glucocorticoid metabolites in wild olive baboons (Papio anubis) - Alexander J. Pritchard; Erin R. Vogel; Rosemary A. Blersch; Ryne A. Palombit (Primates, 2025)
Social support, via investment in relationships of importance with others, is often emphasized as a pathway towards mediating stress. The effectiveness of social support, however, can be altered by personality differences, but the physiological consequences of such covariation are still poorly explored. How do individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system mediate access to, and use of, social support? To examine this dynamic, we investigated glucocorticoids as a biomarker of energetic activation that may also be activated by chronic psychosocial stress. For this purpose, we studied a wild anthropoid primate, i.e. the olive baboon ( Papio anubis ), for 17 months, in Laikipia District, Kenya. We measured biomarkers of energetic activation, i.e., fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCms), to address whether individual differences in stress coping and social support were associated with variation in hormone levels across a period from 2018 to 2019. We found evidence for an association between social support and fGCm concentrations. This association had a discernable interaction between sex and social support: we found a negative association in male baboons, relative to females—who did not have a pronounced effect. Our findings emphasize the importance of social support in male baboons. The cost of not having diverse bonds, has been downplayed in male baboons.

Correction: Progression and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction resistance training among people with multiple sclerosis - Ethan C. Hill; Jeffrey T. Schmidt; Kyle R. Reedy; Sean M. Lubiak; Chris E. Proppe; Paola M. Rivera; David H. Gonzalez Rojas; John E. Lawson; Anuj J. Prajapati; Niriham M. Shah; Nihar N. Patel; Andrew M. Guirgis; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)

Progression and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction resistance training among people with multiple sclerosis - Ethan C. Hill; Jeffrey T. Schmidt; Kyle R. Reedy; Sean M. Lubiak; Chris E. Proppe; Paola M. Rivera; David H. Gonzalez-Rojas; John E. Lawson; Anuj J. Prajapati; Niriham M. Shah; Nihar N. Patel; Andrew M. Guirgis; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)

Loblolly Pine Growth and Competition Response to Varied Chemical Site Preparation and Release Treatments 14 Years After Establishment in the Piedmont of Virginia - Alexander Byers; David R. Carter; Rachel L. Cook; Brian Strahm; Jerre Creighton (Journal of Forestry, 2025)
We examined the 14-year effects of experimentally varied chemical site preparation and release treatments in a Pinus taeda L. plantation in Dillwyn, Virginia, US. The study examined the effects of timing (July, September, or October) for imazapyr site preparation, with or without the addition of sulfometuron methyl (SFM), year-one release from herbaceous weeds using SFM plus imazapyr, and year-two release treatment using imazapyr at a rate to control hardwoods. Chemical site preparation treatment applications exhibited a reduction in competition basal area ha -1 and an increase in pine volume compared to the check, however, application timing was the most influential factor in determining the effectiveness of the treatments. September 3rd and October 1st applications averaged less competing vegetation basal area than the year-two release and the check plots. At age 14-years, competing vegetation reduced individual pine tree volumes by 5.6% for every one m 2 of competing vegetation basal area.

Delphinid postmortem vitreous humor biochemistry as proxy for antemortem blood analyte concentrations - Tiffany Zorotrian; Adam W. Stern; Alexander Costidis; Craig A. Harms; Hanzhi Gao; Christine Fontaine; Hayley R. Adams (Marine Mammal Science, 2025)

SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United States - Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Benjamin R. Goldstein; Christopher Pate; Paula Castiblanco; Maggie E. Abell; Jessie Adley; Briana Agenbroad; Adam A. Ahlers; Peter D. Alexander; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 contains 987,979 records of camera trap image sequence data and 9694 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain Data were collected across the United States of America in all 50 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain Data were collected between 1st August and 29th December each year from 2019 to 2023. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023 comprises two .csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA Initiative in the Wildlife Insights platform.

Developmental plasticity does not improve performance during a species interaction: Implications for species turnover - Alexander A. Mauro; Kyndall R. Zeller; Julián Torres‐Dowdall; Cameron K. Ghalambor (Ecology, 2025)
Species interactions can contribute to species turnover when the outcomes of the interactions are context dependent (e.g., change along environmental gradients). Plasticity may change this dynamic by altering the environmental tolerances of the species interacting. Here, we explored how the competitive interaction between two euryhaline fish, Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia picta , is influenced by acute and developmental responses to salinity. In Trinidad, P. reticulata is confined to freshwater despite being tolerant of brackish water. P. reticulata may fail to occupy brackish water because of reduced tolerance to salinity or because P. picta competitively excludes them, and developing in brackish water could alter the dynamics of either scenario. To test this, we compared the salinity tolerances of both species in the absence of competition, reared P. reticulata individuals in freshwater or brackish water, and tested the consequences of developmental plasticity in experiments in which P. reticulata competed against conspecifics or P. picta during acute exposure to freshwater or brackish water. We found that (1) P. reticulata has a weaker salinity tolerance than P. picta ; (2) P. reticulata that developed in freshwater perform best when competing against P. picta in freshwater but perform poorly when competing against P. picta in brackish water, suggesting the species interaction is context dependent; and (3) developing in brackish water did not benefit P. reticulata in brackish water. Our results suggest that P. reticulata 's freshwater range limit is in part a product of a lower salinity tolerance leading to a decrease in competitive performance in brackish water. Adaptive plasticity has been suggested to be a crucial part of the colonization process, yet nonadaptive plastic responses as found here can limit range expansion and reinforce range limits.

Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California - Kelly L. Smalling; Kristin M. Romanok; Paul M. Bradley; Michelle L. Hladik; James L. Gray; Leslie K. Kanagy; R. Blaine McCleskey; Diana A. Stavreva; Annika K. Alexander-Ozinskas; Jesus Alonso; Wendy Avila; Sara E. Breitmeyer; et al. (Water Research, 2024)

Sex differences in β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine effects on zebrafish behavioral response - Nicoli R. do Amaral; Murilo S. de Abreu; Alexander Zanella; Júlia P. Poletto; Gabriel P. de Mello; Marco A. da Croce; Larissa B. Garbelotto; Manuela G. Bernardon; Ana C.V.V. Giacomini (NeuroToxicology, 2024)

Potential of flavesone as a grain protectant: Long-term efficacy and residues for controlling the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in stored wheat - Gregory J. Daglish; Rajeswaran Jagadeesan; Philip R. Burrill; Peter D. May; Alexander J. Wade; Manoj K. Nayak (Journal of Stored Products Research, 2024)

A conceptual framework to inform conservation status assessments of non-charismatic species - Michael de Moulpied; Alexander H. Kiser; Clinton R. Robertson; Roel Lopez; Charles R. Randklev (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Health and air pollutant emission impacts of net zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios from the energy modeling forum 37 study - Daniel H. Loughlin; Alexander R. Barron; Charavee Basnet Chettri; Abigail O'Meara; Luis Sarmiento; Danni Dong; David L. McCollum; Sharon Showalter; Robert H. Beach; John Bistline; G. Joyce Kim; Christopher G. Nolte; et al. (Energy and Climate Change, 2024)

Spawning migration, sex-specific home ranges, and seasonal site fidelity in a lacustrine population of Bowfin (Amia ocellicauda) - James R. Jackson; Gregory R. Jacobs; Alexander W. Latzka; Tomomi Landsman; Brian P. Young; Amy R. McCune (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2024)

Correction: Changes in extreme integrated water vapor transport on the U.S. west coast in NA-CORDEX, and relationship to mountain and inland precipitation - Mimi Rose Abel; Dustin Swales; James D. Scott; Michael Alexander; Kelly Mahoney; Rachel R. McCrary; Robert Cifelli; Melissa Bukovsky (Climate Dynamics, 2024)

Mixed effect estimation in deep compartment models: Variational methods outperform first-order approximations - Alexander Janssen; Frank C. Bennis; Marjon H. Cnossen; Ron A. A. Mathôt; S. H. Reitsma; F. W. G. Leebeek; M. Coppens; K. Fijnvandraat; K. Meijer; S. E. M. Schols; H. C. J. Eikenboom; R. E. G. Schutgens; et al. (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2024)
This work focusses on extending the deep compartment model (DCM) framework to the estimation of mixed-effects. By introducing random effects, model predictions can be personalized based on drug measurements, enabling the testing of different treatment schedules on an individual basis. The performance of classical first-order (FO and FOCE) and machine learning based variational inference (VI) algorithms were compared in a simulation study. In VI, posterior distributions of the random variables are approximated using variational distributions whose parameters can be directly optimized. We found that variational approximations estimated using the path derivative gradient estimator version of VI were highly accurate. Models fit on the simulated data set using the FO and VI objective functions gave similar results, with accurate predictions of both the population parameters and covariate effects. Contrastingly, models fit using FOCE depicted erratic behaviour during optimization, and resulting parameter estimates were inaccurate. Finally, we compared the performance of the methods on two real-world data sets of haemophilia A patients who received standard half-life factor VIII concentrates during prophylactic and perioperative settings. Again, models fit using FO and VI depicted similar results, although some models fit using FO presented divergent results. Again, models fit using FOCE were unstable. In conclusion, we show that mixed-effects estimation using the DCM is feasible. VI performs conditional estimation, which might lead to more accurate results in more complex models compared to the FO method.

Advancing an integrated understanding of land–ocean connections in shaping the marine ecosystems of coastal temperate rainforest ecoregions - Brian P. V. Hunt; Simone Alin; Allison Bidlack; Heida L. Diefenderfer; Jennifer M. Jackson; Colleen T. E. Kellogg; Peter Kiffney; Kyra A. St. Pierre; Eddy Carmack; William C. Floyd; Eran Hood; Alexander R. Horner‐Devine; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2024)
Land and ocean ecosystems are strongly connected and mutually interactive. As climate changes and other anthropogenic stressors intensify, the complex pathways that link these systems will strengthen or weaken in ways that are currently beyond reliable prediction. In this review we offer a framework of land–ocean couplings and their role in shaping marine ecosystems in coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) ecoregions, where high freshwater and materials flux result in particularly strong land–ocean connections. Using the largest contiguous expanse of CTR on Earth—the Northeast Pacific CTR (NPCTR)—as a case study, we integrate current understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of interacting processes across the land–ocean continuum, and examine how these processes structure and are defining features of marine ecosystems from nearshore to offshore domains. We look ahead to the potential effects of climate and other anthropogenic changes on the coupled land–ocean meta‐ecosystem. Finally, we review key data gaps and provide research recommendations for an integrated, transdisciplinary approach with the intent to guide future evaluations of and management recommendations for ongoing impacts to marine ecosystems of the NPCTR and other CTRs globally. In the light of extreme events including heatwaves, fire, and flooding, which are occurring almost annually, this integrative agenda is not only necessary but urgent.

Climate Interacts With Diversification Rate in Determining Species Richness and Trait Diversity of Tetrapods in a Global Hotspot - Matheus de T. Moroti; Alexander Skeels; Fernando R. da Silva; Diogo B. Provete (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Two classes of mechanisms offer opposing explanations for biodiversity patterns: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics. While not necessarily mutually exclusive, studies investigating their relative support have shown mixed results. Thus, contrasting these mechanisms across multiple taxa in the same geographic area can provide valuable insights into their role in explaining different biodiversity facets. Here, we evaluated which variables representing these dynamics best explain functional and taxonomic diversity of four tetrapod clades in a global hotspot. Location Atlantic forest. Taxon Terrestrial vertebrates. Methods We used climate, primary productivity and topography heterogeneity as proxy for equilibrium dynamics, and diversification rate and assemblage age as proxy for nonequilibrium dynamics. After that, we used spatially explicit structural equation models based on generalised least squares models to test how species richness and trait diversity are influenced by these dynamics processes. Furthermore, we spatialized the variables for each group and tested whether they were congruent. Results Diversification rate was a strong positive driver of species richness and trait diversity, while climate was both an indirect and direct negative driver of richness and trait diversity. Furthermore, we found a congruent pattern of richness between endotherms, but not between ectotherms. In contrast, the spatial distribution of trait diversity, assemblage age and diversification rate was distinct for each group. Main Conclusion High diversification rates and climatic conditions played a key role in determining trait diversity and species richness. In addition, species richness and trait diversity responded to the same variables across tetrapod lineages but showed different spatial patterns. This supports the idea that both dynamics operate together to explain community assembly at a regional scale. Our findings suggest that the dichotomy between these two classes of mechanisms may not sufficiently explain diversity patterns in biodiverse and climatically complex environments such as the Atlantic Forest.

Associations between MASLD, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular events, mortality and aspirin use in older adults - Daniel Clayton-Chubb; Stuart K. Roberts; Ammar Majeed; Robyn L. Woods; Andrew M. Tonkin; Mark R. Nelson; Andrew T. Chan; Joanne Ryan; Cammie Tran; Alexander Hodge; John S. Lubel; Hans G. Schneider; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Incorporating Non-Equlibrium Ripple Dynamics into Bed Stress Estimates Under Combined Wave and Current Forcing - Raúl P. Flores; Sabine Rijnsburger; Saulo Meirelles; Alexander R. Horner-Devine; Alejandro J. Souza; Julie D. Pietrzak (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2024)
We present direct measurements of seafloor ripple dimensions, near-bed mean flow Reynolds stresses and near-bed turbulent sediment fluxes on a sandy inner shelf subjected to strong wave and tidal current forcing. The measurements of ripple dimensions (height, wavelength) and Reynolds stresses are used to evaluate the performance of a methodology for the incorporation of non-equilibrium ripple dynamics into the calculations of the drag exerted by the bed on the overlying flow (i.e., the bed stress) using a boundary layer model for wave–current interaction. The methodology is based on the simultaneous use of existing models for the time-dependent evolution of ripple geometry and for the wave–current boundary layer that enable a continuous feedback between bottom drag and small-scale seabed morphology, which determines seabed roughness. The model-data comparison shows good agreement between modeled and measured bed stresses and bedform dimensions. Moreover, the proposed methodology is shown to give better results than combining the wave–current interaction model and standard equilibrium ripple predictors, both in terms of bed stresses and ripple dimensions. The near-bed turbulent vertical sediment fluxes show good correlation with the combined wave–current stresses and are used as a proxy for the resuspension of fine sediments (d

Age, pair tenure and parenting, but not face identity, predict looking behaviour in a pair-bonded South American primate - Allison R. Lau; Alexander Baxter; Shuyu He; Louise Loyant; Chelsea A. Ortiz-Jimenez; Melissa D. Bauman; Karen L. Bales; Sara M. Freeman (Animal Behaviour, 2024)

On the relationship between hERG inhibition and the magnitude of QTc prolongation: An in vitro to clinical translational analysis - Alexander R. Harmer; Michael G. Rolf (Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2024)

Long-term nitrogen addition in a boreal forest affects wood-inhabiting fungal communities and influences wood decomposition - Katelyn Alexander; Michael S. Strickland; Martin F. Jurgensen; Michelle A. Jusino; Mark T. Banik; Derek N. Pierson; Joanne M. Tirocke; R. Kasten Dumroese; Deborah S. Page-Dumroese; Daniel L. Lindner (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Magma solidification effects during sill emplacement: Insights from laboratory experiments - Uchitha N. Arachchige; Alexander R. Cruden; Roberto Weinberg (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

Visually induced involuntary arm, head, and torso movements - Alexandra Martin; Avijit Bakshi; Joel Ventura; Alexander S. Panic; James R. Lackner (Experimental Brain Research, 2024)

Microtopographic Variation as a Potential Early Indicator of Ecosystem State Change and Vulnerability in Salt Marshes - Alexander J. Smith; Glenn R. Guntenspergen; Joel A. Carr; David C. Walters; Matthew L. Kirwan (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
As global climate change alters the magnitude and rates of environmental stressors, predicting the extent of ecosystem degradation driven by these rapidly changing conditions becomes increasingly urgent. At the landscape scale, disturbances and stressors can increase spatial variability and heterogeneity — indicators that can serve as potential early warnings of declining ecosystem resilience. Increased spatial variability in salt marshes at the landscape scale has been used to quantify the propagation of ponding in salt marsh interiors, but ponding at the landscape scale follows a state change rather than predicts it. Here, we suggest a novel application of commonly collected surface elevation table (SET) data and explore millimeter-scale marsh surface microtopography as a potential early indicator of ecosystem transition. We find an increase in spatial variability using multiple metrics of microtopographic heterogeneity in vulnerable salt marsh communities across the North American Atlantic seaboard. Increasing microtopographic heterogeneity in vulnerable salt marshes mirrored increasing trends in variance when a tipping point is approached in other alternative stable state systems — indicating that early warning signals of marsh drowning and ecosystem transition are observable at small-spatial scales prior to runaway ecosystem degradation. Congruence between traditional and novel metrics of marsh vulnerability suggests that microtopographic metrics can be used to identify hidden vulnerability before widespread marsh degradation. This novel analysis can be easily applied to existing SET records expanding the traditional focus on vertical change to additionally encapsulate lateral processes.

Testing molecular date estimates using an ecological and vicariant case study in treefrogs: The Geological‐Ecological Molecular Calibration - Michael J. Jowers; Jesús Muñoz Pajares; John Weber; Jeanette Arkle; Salvador Arenas‐Castro; Simon Y. W. Ho; Gilson A. Rivas; John C. Murphy; Amaël Borzée; R. Alexander Pyron; Marcos Perez‐Losada; Mayke De Freitas; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim To date a vicariant event through the mutualistic relationship of a hylid frog and its bromeliad host found across two isolated mountain ranges as part of an island–continental split and to use this information to calibrate a molecular dating analysis of hylids. Location South America. Time Period Pliocene. Major Taxa Studied Treefrogs, Arboranae. Methods Pliocene tectonic movements sank a portion of a mountain range that connected present‐day Trinidad (island) and northern Venezuela, eventually isolating populations of the golden tree frog Phytotriades auratus and its host bromeliad Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora on both sides of a saltwater barrier. We estimated the submersion rate timing of the vicariant event, then employed ecological niche modelling to establish the distribution of the frog and its host to the Pliocene. We generated nucleotide sequence data for the hylid on each side of the marine barrier and proposed a biogeographic calibration for the split between populations. Using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, we evaluated the impact of incorporating this biogeographic calibration on estimates of treefrog divergence times. Results A relatively continuous, high‐elevation mountain range existed before the Pliocene and the opening of the Gulf of Paria (4.45 ± 0.85 Ma). Phytotriades auratus and G. erectiflora would have been distributed across the Paria and Northern Range mountains as a single population since the Pliocene. Divergence times among treefrogs (Arboranae) were older than those inferred using fossil calibrations alone, with mean age estimates for subfamilies and genera being ~2 and ~1.2 million years older, respectively. Main Conclusions Our study presents a biogeographic calibration based on a vicariant model that connects the evolution of the populations of a hylid through geology and ecological data. The implementation of this date as a molecular clock calibration reduces the uncertainty in date estimates for the shallower nodes in the phylogeny of Arboranae.

Assessing impacts of observations on ocean circulation models with examples from coastal, shelf, and marginal seas - Christopher A. Edwards; Pierre De Mey-Frémaux; Bàrbara Barceló-Llull; Guillaume Charria; Byoung-Ju Choi; George R. Halliwell; Lars R. Hole; Colette Kerry; Vassiliki H. Kourafalou; Alexander L. Kurapov; Andrew M. Moore; Baptiste Mourre; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Ocean observing systems in coastal, shelf and marginal seas collect diverse oceanographic information supporting a wide range of socioeconomic needs, but observations are necessarily sparse in space and/or time due to practical limitations. Ocean analysis and forecast systems capitalize on such observations, producing data-constrained, four-dimensional oceanographic fields. Here we review efforts to quantify the impact of ocean observations, observing platforms, and networks of platforms on model products of the physical ocean state in coastal regions. Quantitative assessment must consider a variety of issues including observation operators that sample models, error of representativeness, and correlated uncertainty in observations. Observing System Experiments, Observing System Simulation Experiments, representer functions and array modes, observation impacts, and algorithms based on artificial intelligence all offer methods to evaluate data-based model performance improvements according to metrics that characterize oceanographic features of local interest. Applications from globally distributed coastal ocean modeling systems document broad adoption of quantitative methods, generally meaningful reductions in model-data discrepancies from observation assimilation, and support for assimilation of complementary data sets, including subsurface in situ observation platforms, across diverse coastal environments.

Complementary value of molecular, phenotypic, and functional aging biomarkers in dementia prediction - Andreas Engvig; Karl Trygve Kalleberg; Lars T. Westlye; Esten Høyland Leonardsen; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)
DNA methylation age (MA), brain age (BA), and frailty index (FI) are putative aging biomarkers linked to dementia risk. We investigated their relationship and combined potential for prediction of cognitive impairment and future dementia risk using the ADNI database. Of several MA algorithms, DunedinPACE and GrimAge2, associated with memory, were combined in a composite MA alongside BA and a data-driven FI in predictive analyses. Pairwise correlations between age- and sex-adjusted measures for MA (aMA), aBA, and aFI were low. FI outperformed BA and MA in all diagnostic tasks. A model including age, sex, and aFI achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for differentiating cognitively normal controls (CN) from dementia patients in a held-out test set. When combined with clinical biomarkers (apolipoprotein E ε4 allele count, memory, executive function), a model including aBA and aFI predicted 5-year dementia risk among MCI patients with an out-of-sample AUC of 0.88. In the prognostic model, BA and FI offered complementary value (both β s 0.50). The tested MAs did not improve predictions. Results were consistent across FI algorithms, with data-driven health deficit selection yielding the best performance. FI had a stronger adverse effect on prognosis in males, while BA’s impact was greater in females. Our findings highlight the complementary value of BA and FI in dementia prediction. The results support a multidimensional view of dementia, including an intertwined relationship between the biomarkers, sex, and prognosis. The tested MA’s limited contribution suggests caution in their use for individual risk assessment of dementia.

Broad immunogenicity to prior SARS-CoV-2 strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents - Yasin Abul; Clare Nugent; Igor Vishnepolskiy; Tiffany Wallace; Evan Dickerson; Laurel Holland; Iva Esparza; Mandi Winkis; Kazi Tanvee Wali; Philip A. Chan; Rosa R. Baier; Amy Recker; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Physics-informed machine learning for the inverse design of wave scattering clusters - Joshua R. Tempelman; Tobias Weidemann; Eric B. Flynn; Kathryn H. Matlack; Alexander F. Vakakis (Wave Motion, 2024)

Mixed effects of climate and species richness on aboveground carbon stock in subtropical Atlantic forests - Júlio R. Bastos; Elivane S. Capellesso; Vinicius Marcilio-Silva; Victor P. Zwiener; Alexander C. Vibrans; Márcia C.M. Marques (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Late Pleistocene sea-level constraints across Antarctica - Alexander R. Simms; Takeshige Ishiwa; Dominic A. Hodgson; Toru Tamura; Regina DeWitt (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Nature's value and biodiversity ethics in a changing world: Insights from a special issue and questions for the future - R. Alexander Pyron; Arne Ø. Mooers; Norva Y.S. Lo (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Can species distribution models using remotely sensed variables inform reintroductions? Trialling methods with Carterocephalus palaemon the Chequered Skipper Butterfly - Georgina Halford; Caroline R Bulman; Nigel Bourn; Dirk Maes; Alexander Harpke; Jenny A. Hodgson (Journal of Insect Conservation, 2024)
Despite large numbers of reintroduction projects taking place and the high cost involved, there is a generally low success rate. Insects in particular are understudied within reintroduction ecology, with guidelines focusing on more iconic vertebrate taxa. Species distribution models (SDMs) examine the associations between species observations and environmental variables to find the conditions in which populations could survive. This study utilises two frequently used SDM approaches, a regression model (general linear model (GLM)) and a machine learning method (MaxEnt) to model habitat suitability for Chequered Skipper, Carterocephalus palaemon, butterflies, which are being reintroduced to Northamptonshire following extinction in England. We look at how SDMs using widespread remotely sensed variables could be used to inform the reintroduction process by finding areas of suitable habitat that were previously overlooked. These remotely sensed variables have the potential to inform reintroductions without extensive on the ground research as they cover huge areas and are widely available. We found that both models are successful in discriminating between presences and absences, using only a limited number of explanatory variables. We conclude that these wide-scale SDMs are useful as a first step in the decision-making process in determining appropriate sites for reintroductions, but that they are less accurate when establishing precisely where species should be placed.

Effects of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions and its multitrophic consequences - Judith Trunschke; Robert R. Junker; Gaku Kudo; Jake M. Alexander; Sarah K. Richman; Irene Till-Bottraud (Alpine Botany, 2024)
There is wide consensus that climate change will seriously impact flowering plants and their pollinators. Shifts in flowering phenology and insect emergence as well as changes in the functional traits involved can cause alterations in plant-pollinator interactions, pollination success and plant reproductive output. Effects of rising temperatures, advanced snowmelt and altered precipitation patterns are expected to be particularly severe in alpine habitats due to the constrained season and upper range margins. Yet, our understanding of the magnitude and consequences of such changes in life history events and functional diversity in high elevation environments is incomplete. This special issue collects novel insights into the effects of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions in individual plant species and on network structure of entire plant and pollinator communities in alpine ecosystems. Using simulated changes of earlier snowmelt, natural gradients of variation in temperature, precipitation and snowmelt, or a long-term monitoring approach, these studies illustrate how plant species, plant communities, and pollinators respond to variation in environmental conditions associated with scenarios of ongoing climate change. The collection of papers presented here clearly demonstrates how spatial or temporal variation in the environmental climatic context affects flower abundances and plant community composition, and the consequences of these changes for pollinator visitation, pollination network structure, pollen transfer dynamics, or seed production. As changes in the availability of flowers, fruits, and seeds are likely to impact on other trophic levels, the time is ripe and pressing for a holistic multitrophic view of the effects of climate change on biotic interactions in alpine ecological communities.

Best practices for collecting and preserving marine mammal biological samples in the ‘omics era - Amy M. Van Cise; Alexandra D. Switzer; Amy Apprill; Cory D. Champagne; Paul M. Chittaro; Natasha K. Dudek; Mackenzie R. Gavery; Brittany L. Hancock‐Hanser; Alaina C. Harmon; Alexander L. Jaffe; Nicholas M. Kellar; Carolyn A. Miller; et al. (Marine Mammal Science, 2024)
The recent rise of ‘omics and other molecular research technologies alongside improved techniques for tissue preservation have broadened the scope of marine mammal research. Collecting biological samples from wild marine mammals is both logistically challenging and expensive. To enhance the power of marine mammal research, great effort has been made in both the field and the laboratory to ensure the scientific integrity of samples from collection through processing, supporting the long‐term use of precious samples across a broad range of studies. However, identifying the best methods of sample preservation can be challenging, especially as this technological toolkit continues to evolve and expand. Standardizing best practices could maximize the scientific value of biological samples, foster multi‐institutional collaborative efforts across fields, and improve the quality of individual studies by removing potential sources of error from the collection, handling, and preservation processes. With these aims in mind, we summarize relevant literature, share current expert knowledge, and suggest best practices for sample collection and preservation. This manuscript is intended as a reference resource for scientists interested in exploring collaborative studies and preserving samples in a suitable manner for a broad spectrum of analyses, emphasizing support for ‘omics technologies.

Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats - Iris Hordijk; Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy; Thomas Lauber; Devin Routh; Lourens Poorter; Malin C. Rivers; Hans ter Steege; Jingjing Liang; Peter B. Reich; Sergio de‐Miguel; Gert‐Jan Nabuurs; Javier G. P. Gamarra; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large‐scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation practices.

Local molecular and connectomic contributions of tau-related neurodegeneration - Fardin Nabizadeh; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; John Q. Trojanowski; Arthur W. Toga; Laurel Beckett; Robert C. Green; Andrew J. Saykin; John Morris; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

S10-01 Making safety decisions for a sunscreen active ingredient using next-generation risk assessment: benzophenone-4 case study - M.T. Baltazar; S. Cable; A. Punt; N.J. Hewitt; B. Nicol; P. Kukic; S. Scottt; S. Malcomber; R. Mascarenhas; C. Alexander-White; J. Reynolds; J. Houghton; et al. (Toxicology Letters, 2024)

Abrupt climate change at the MIS 5/4 transition recorded in a speleothem from the Eastern Mediterranean - Alice R. Paine; James U.L. Baldini; Ezgi Ünal-İmer; Fabian B. Wadsworth; Alexander A. Iveson; Madeleine C.S. Humphreys; Richard J. Brown; Wolfgang Müller; Christopher J. Ottley (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Phylogeography of the Euro-Siberian steppe plant Astragalus austriacus: Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations fuelled formation and expansion of two main lineages from a Pontic-Pannonian area of origin - Clemens Maylandt; Anna Seidl; Philipp Kirschner; Simon Pfanzelt; Gergely Király; Barbara Neuffer; Frank R. Blattner; Herbert Hurka; Nikolai Friesen; Alexander V. Poluyanov; Petr A. Kosachev; Corinna Schmiderer; et al. (Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2024)

Enhancement of wheat growth by plant growth-stimulating bacteria during phytopathogenic inhibition - Natalya V. Fotina; Yuliya R. Serazetdinova; Daria E. Kolpakova; Lyudmila K. Asyakina; Victor V. Atuchin; Khalid M. Alotaibi; Gaurav Mudgal; Alexander Yu. Prosekov (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2024)

Centennial Changes of Salt Marsh Area in Coastal Georgia (USA) Related to Large-Scale Sediment Dynamics by River, Waves, and Tides - G. Mariotti; G. Ceccherini; C. R. Alexander; A. C. Spivak (Estuaries and Coasts, 2024)
Marsh lateral expansion and retreat are often attributed to sediment availability, but a causal link is difficult to establish. To shed light on this problem, we analyzed changes in salt marsh area along the ~ 200-km-long Georgia coast (USA) from the 1850s to 2010s in relation to total suspended sediment (TSS) and to proxies for river sediment input and local sediment resuspension. Marsh area is characterized by large gains and losses (up to 200 m 2 /m/yr), but relatively small net change (-50 to 50 m 2 /m/yr or -0.1 to 0.1%/yr). This has resulted in a general loss of marsh area, except close to the mouths of major rivers, where there is net gain. Net expansion rates decreased in the Savannah Estuary but increased in the Altamaha Estuary from the 1850s–1930s period to the 1930s–2010s period, which are consistent with observed decreases and likely increases in sediment discharge in the two estuaries, respectively. To explain the spatial patterns in the 1930s–2010s marsh area change, we estimated TSS from satellite measurements (2003 to 2020). Along the northern part of the Georgia coast, net marsh gain is positively correlated to the average TSS within the estuarine region. However, this correlation breaks down in more southern areas (Cumberland Sound). Coast-wide, there is a better correlation between TSS associated with new input from the rivers, estimated as the TSS difference between high-discharge (Jan–Mar) and low-discharge (Sept–Nov) months. To identify the effect of wave resuspension in the nearshore, we consider the TSS difference between high-wave, low-discharge (Sept–Nov) and low-wave, low-discharge periods (Jun–Aug). Wave resuspension is relatively uniform along the coast and does not explain spatial patterns of marsh area change. Sediment input from the nearshore is likely contributing to the estuarine sediment budget in Georgia, but it is not sufficient to prevent marsh lateral retreat. To identify the role of tidal resuspension and advection, we consider differences in TSS between low and high tide. This differential is relatively constant along most of the coast, but it is much lower in the southern part of the coast, suggesting a lower tidal action in this region. Sediment resuspended by tides is likely originating from internal recycling (i.e., erosion) within the estuary, and thus does not contribute to marsh lateral expansion. The proposed approach to partition TSS is a general demonstration and could be applied to other coastal regions.

Monitoring an Emergent Pathogen at Low Incidence in Wastewater Using qPCR: Mpox in Switzerland - Timothy R. Julian; Alexander J. Devaux; Laura Brülisauer; Sheena Conforti; Johannes C. Rusch; Charles Gan; Claudia Bagutti; Tanja Stadler; Tamar Kohn; Christoph Ort (Food and Environmental Virology, 2024)
Wastewater-based epidemiology offers a complementary approach to clinical case-based surveillance of emergent diseases and can help identify regions with infected people to prioritize clinical surveillance strategies. However, tracking emergent diseases in wastewater requires reliance on novel testing assays with uncertain sensitivity and specificity. Limited pathogen shedding may cause detection to be below the limit of quantification or bordering the limit of detection. Here, we investigated how the definition of limit of detection for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) impacts epidemiological insights during an mpox outbreak in Switzerland. 365 wastewater samples from three wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland from 9 March through 31 October 2022 were analyzed for mpox DNA using qPCR. We detected mpox DNA in 22% (79 of 365) wastewater samples based on a liberal definition of qPCR detection as any exponentially increasing fluorescence above the threshold. Based on a more restrictive definition as the lowest concentration at which there is 95% likelihood of detection, detection was 1% (5 of 365). The liberal definition shows high specificity (90%) and accuracy (78%), but moderate sensitivity (64%) when benchmarked against available clinical case reporting, which contrasts with higher specificity (98%) but lower sensitivity (10%) and accuracy (56%) of the 95% likelihood definition. Wastewater-based epidemiology applied to an emergent pathogen will require optimizing public health trade-offs between reporting data with high degrees of uncertainty and delaying communication and associated action. Information sharing with relevant public health stakeholders could couple early results with clear descriptions of uncertainty. Impact Statement: When a novel pathogen threatens to enter a community, wastewater-based epidemiology offers an opportunity to track its emergence and spread. However, rapid deployment of methods for to detect a novel pathogen may rely on assays with uncertain sensitivity and specificity. Benchmarking the detection of mpox DNA in Swiss wastewaters with reported clinical cases in 2022, we demonstrate how definitions of detection of a qPCR assay influence epidemiological insights from wastewater. The results highlight the need for information sharing between public health stakeholders that couple early insights from wastewater with descriptions of methodological uncertainty to optimize public health actions.

Integrating habitat suitability modeling with gene flow improves delineation of landscape connections among African savanna elephants - Alida de Flamingh; Nathan Alexander; Tolulope I. N. Perrin-Stowe; Cassidy Donnelly; Robert A. R. Guldemond; Robert L. Schooley; Rudi J. van Aarde; Alfred L. Roca (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)

Evolution of rhodopsin in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) is associated with depth and migratory behavior - Esme S. B. Macpherson; Frances E. Hauser; Alexander Van Nynatten; Belinda S. W. Chang; Nathan R. Lovejoy (Journal of Fish Biology, 2024)
Visual signals are involved in many fitness‐related tasks and are therefore essential for survival in many species. Aquatic organisms are ideal systems to study visual evolution, as the high diversity of spectral properties in aquatic environments generates great potential for adaptation to different light conditions. Flatfishes are an economically important group, with over 800 described species distributed globally, including halibut, flounder, sole, and turbot. The diversity of flatfish species and wide array of environments they occupy provides an excellent opportunity to understand how this variation translates to molecular adaptation of vision genes. Using models of molecular evolution, we investigated how the light environments inhabited by different flatfish lineages have shaped evolution in the rhodopsin gene, which is responsible for mediating dim‐light visual transduction. We found strong evidence for positive selection in rhodopsin, and this was correlated with both migratory behavior and several fundamental aspects of habitat, including depth and freshwater/marine evolutionary transitions. We also identified several mutations that likely affect the wavelength of peak absorbance of rhodopsin, and outline how these shifts in absorbance correlate with the response to the light spectrum present in different habitats. This is the first study of rhodopsin evolution in flatfishes that considers their extensive diversity, and our results highlight how ecologically‐driven molecular adaptation has occurred across this group in response to transitions to novel light environments.

Sarcopenia and the management of spinal disease in the elderly - Alexander R. Evans; Lonnie Smith; Joshua Bakhsheshian; David B. Anderson; James M. Elliott; Hakeem J. Shakir; Zachary A. Smith (GeroScience, 2024)

Characterizing dog cognitive aging using spontaneous problem-solving measures: development of a battery of tests from the Dog Aging Project - Stephanie H. Hargrave; Emily E. Bray; Stephanie McGrath; Gene E. Alexander; Theadora A. Block; Naomi Chao; Martin Darvas; Laura E. L. C. Douglas; Janet Galante; Brenda S. Kennedy; Breonna Kusick; Julie A. Moreno; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

The respiratory health effects of acute in vivo diesel and biodiesel exhaust in a mouse model - Katherine R. Landwehr; Ryan Mead-Hunter; Rebecca A. O'Leary; Anthony Kicic; Benjamin J. Mullins; Alexander N. Larcombe (Chemosphere, 2024)

On the multiscale dynamics of punctuated evolution - Salva Duran-Nebreda; R. Alexander Bentley; Blai Vidiella; Andrej Spiridonov; Niles Eldredge; Michael J. O’Brien; Sergi Valverde (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Pyrrhotites in asteroid 162173 Ryugu: Records of the initial changes on their surfaces with aqueous alteration - Hiroharu Yui; Shu-hei Urashima; Morihiko Onose; Mayu Morita; Shintaro Komatani; Izumi Nakai; Yoshinari Abe; Yasuko Terada; Hisashi Homma; Kazuko Motomura; Kiyohiro Ichida; Tetsuya Yokoyama; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2024)

Impact of air quality model settings for the evaluation of emission reduction strategies to curb air pollution - Bertrand Bessagnet; Elissavet Bossioli; Arineh Cholakian; Marta García Vivanco; Kees Cuvelier; Mark R. Theobald; Victoria Gil; Laurent Menut; Alexander de Meij; Enrico Pisoni; Philippe Thunis (Environmental Research, 2024)

Drivers of population dynamics of at-risk populations change with pathogen arrival - Alexander T. Grimaudo; Joseph R. Hoyt; R. Andrew King; Rickard S. Toomey; Chris Simpson; Cory Holliday; Alexander Silvis; Rick T. Doyle; Joseph A. Kath; Mike P. Armstrong; Virgil Brack; Richard J. Reynolds; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Content analysis of Reddit posts about coadministration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psilocybin mushrooms - Kimberly Sakai; Ellen R. Bradley; Joseph A. Zamaria; Gabrielle Agin-Liebes; D. Parker Kelley; Alexander Fish; Valeria Martini; Michelle C. Ferris; Emma Morton; Erin E. Michalak; Aoife O’Donovan; Joshua D. Woolley (Psychopharmacology, 2024)

Photostasis and photosynthetic adaptation to polar life - Norman P.A. Hüner; Alexander G. Ivanov; Beth Szyszka-Mroz; Leonid V. Savitch; David R. Smith; Victoria Kata (Photosynthesis Research, 2024)

Hemorrhage at high altitude: impact of sustained hypobaric hypoxia on cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and tolerance to simulated hemorrhage in humans - Alexander J. Rosenberg; Garen K. Anderson; Haley J. McKeefer; Jordan Bird; Brandon Pentz; Britta R. M. Byman; Nicholas Jendzjowsky; Richard J. Wilson; Trevor A. Day; Caroline A. Rickards (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2024)

Abundance, production, and migrations of nesting green turtles at Rose Atoll, American Samoa, a regionally important rookery in the Central South Pacific Ocean - Shawn K. Murakawa; Alexander R. Gaos; Devin S. Johnson; Brian Peck; Mark MacDonald; Elyse Sachs; Frank Pendleton; Camryn D. Allen; Marylou K. Staman; Shelbie Ishimaru; Kyle S. Van Houtan; Alphina Liusamoa; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Sea turtles are a taxon of conservation concern and are highly migratory, exposing them to a variety of threats (e.g., fisheries bycatch, direct harvest) across their lifetime. Understanding the abundance of nesting females, hatchling production, and migratory movements - three of the most basic biological data needs for this species group - is imperative for population assessment. This study summarizes novel data most relevant to population assessments of the endangered central south Pacific (CSP) green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) population, determined from annual rapid assessment surveys (mean survey duration=7.6 days year -1 , n=61 survey days over 8 nesting seasons) and satellite telemetry at Rose Atoll, American Samoa, from 2012 to 2019. A minimum of 138 unique females nested in the Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (RANWR) over the study period with 218 total females observed. Satellite tracks of post-nesting females suggest Fiji (n=33/48, 70.2%) is the primary foraging ground for turtles nesting at RANWR, though other areas throughout the south Pacific Ocean are also important. Limited data suggest hatchling production was high (average hatching success=92.3%) and nest temperature data collected from 2017-2019 suggest primary sex ratios were likely balanced during this time. These are positive signs for the resilience of this nesting population, but climate change poses threats to RANWR and other low-lying tropical islands throughout the central south Pacific, as nesting areas are potentially exposed to beach erosion, tidal inundations, and increasing temperatures leading to sex bias and embryonic death.

Constraining the radiocarbon reservoir age for the Southern Ocean using whale bones salvaged from early 20th century whaling stations - Claire Divola; Alexander R. Simms; Angela Sremba; C. Scott Baker; Ari Friedlaender; John Southon (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024)

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities - Bruno Garcia Luize; David Bauman; Hans ter Steege; Clarisse Palma‐Silva; Iêda Leão do Amaral; Luiz de Souza Coelho; Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos; Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho; Rafael P. Salomão; Florian Wittmann; Carolina V. Castilho; Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2024)
Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega‐phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white‐sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured ( R 2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified ( R 2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long‐standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.

Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework - Alicia Mastretta‐Yanes; Jessica M. da Silva; Catherine E. Grueber; Luis Castillo‐Reina; Viktoria Köppä; Brenna R. Forester; W. Chris Funk; Myriam Heuertz; Fumiko Ishihama; Rebecca Jordan; Joachim Mergeay; Ivan Paz‐Vinas; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2024)
Under the recently adopted Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA‐based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing the methodological challenges of using data gathered from diverse sources, across diverse taxonomic groups, and for countries of varying socio‐economic status and biodiversity levels. Here, we assess the genetic indicators for 919 taxa, representing 5271 populations across nine countries, including megadiverse countries and developing economies. Eighty‐three percent of the taxa assessed had data available to calculate at least one indicator. Our results show that although the majority of species maintain most populations, 58% of species have populations too small to maintain genetic diversity. Moreover, genetic indicator values suggest that IUCN Red List status and other initiatives fail to assess genetic status, highlighting the critical importance of genetic indicators.

Spatially heterogeneous discharge of glacial meltwater to drainages surrounding the ablating Coropuna ice cap, Peruvian Andes - Elizabeth J. Olson; Lisa R. Welp; Marty D. Frisbee; Sebastián A. Zúñiga Medina; Odiney Alvarez-Campos; Wendy R. Roque Quispe; Carol I. Salazar Mamani; Midhuar R. Arenas Carrión; José Diaz Rodriguez; Juan Manuel Jara Gonzalez; Alexander Ccanccapa-Cartagena; Chad T. Jafvert (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2024)

Novel rapid screening assay to incorporate complexity and increase throughput in early-stage plant biological testing - Sabrina M. Pittroff; Alexander R. Brems; Rune J. Brunshøj; Johan V. Christiansen; Emma Melgaard; Morten Lindqvist Hansen; David Llorente Corcoles; Jonathan Funk; Vilhelm K. Møller; Søren D. Petersen; Rasmus J.N. Frandsen; Niels B. Jensen; et al. (Rhizosphere, 2024)

The role of health and wellbeing in shaping local park experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic - Lauren A. Ferguson; Michael D. Ferguson; Krista Rodrigues; Darrick Evensen; Alexander R. Caraynoff; Kimberly Persson; Josephine B. Porter; Stephen Eisenhaure (Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 2024)

Search for source of invasive-range populations of a haplodiploid pest species reveals Wolbachia-driven mitochondrial selective sweep in native range - Alihan Katlav; Duong T. Nguyen; Asha Chhagan; Lisa Jamieson; Alexander R. Robertson; Jodie Cheesman; Stewart Learmonth; Piotr Trębicki; James M. Cook; Markus Riegler (Journal of Pest Science, 2024)

Using genomic data to estimate population structure of Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations in Southern Alabama - Alexander R. Krohn; Brian Folt; Joseph J. Apodaca; Craig Guyer; Jeffrey M. Goessling (Conservation Genetics, 2024)

Out-migration, agricultural abandonment, and community forest management: Drivers of afforestation in privately managed land in Nepal - Alexander C. Smith; Reem Hajjar; Keshav R. Kanel; Jefferson Fox; Sumit Tuladhar; Jamon Van Den Hoek (Applied Geography, 2024)

SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tates - Hila Shamon; Roi Maor; Michael V. Cove; Roland Kays; Jessie Adley; Peter D. Alexander; David N. Allen; Maximilian L. Allen; Cara L. Appel; Evan Barr; Erika L. Barthelmess; Carolina Baruzzi; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights ( https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/ ), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22–5.9 arrays per 100,000 km 2 ), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Environmental warming increases the importance of high‐turnover energy channels in stream food webs - James R. Junker; Wyatt F. Cross; James M. Hood; Jonathan P. Benstead; Alexander D. Huryn; Daniel Nelson; Jón S. Ólafsson; Gísli M. Gíslason (Ecology, 2024)
Warming temperatures are altering communities and trophic networks across Earth's ecosystems. While the overall influence of warming on food webs is often context‐dependent, increasing temperatures are predicted to change communities in two fundamental ways: (1) by reducing average body size and (2) by increasing individual metabolic rates. These warming‐induced changes have the potential to influence the distribution of food web fluxes, food web stability, and the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic ecological processes shaping community assembly. Here, we quantified patterns and the relative distribution of organic matter fluxes through stream food webs spanning a broad natural temperature gradient (5–27°C). We then related these patterns to species and community trait distributions of mean body size and population biomass turnover ( P : B ) within and across streams. We predicted that (1) communities in warmer streams would exhibit smaller body size and higher P:B and (2) organic matter fluxes within warmer communities would increasingly skew toward smaller, higher P:B populations. Across the temperature gradient, warmer communities were characterized by smaller body size (~9% per °C) and higher P:B (~7% faster turnover per °C) populations on average. Additionally, organic matter fluxes within warmer streams were increasingly skewed toward higher P:B populations, demonstrating that warming can restructure organic matter fluxes in both an absolute and relative sense. With warming, the relative distribution of organic matter fluxes was decreasingly likely to arise through the random sorting of species, suggesting stronger selection for traits driving high turnover with increasing temperature. Our study suggests that a warming world will favor energy fluxes through “smaller and faster” populations, and that these changes may be more predictable than previously thought.

Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: An environment-benign and sustainable approach for conversion of solid waste into value-added products - R. C. Kuhad; Alexander Rapoport; Vinod Kumar; Davender Singh; Vijay Kumar; Santosh Kumar Tiwari; Shruti Ahlawat; Bijender Singh (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2024)

Dropping a bombshell: Acoustic characterization of blast fishing in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, and its implication for marine conservation - Victor Melo-Souza; Alexander Gavrilov; Marcos R. Rossi-Santos (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024)

Mid-Holocene hydroclimatic change and hurricane activity in Central America recorded by an Isla de Mona Stalagmite - Huiru Tang; Liangcheng Tan; Yongli Gao; Jingjie Zang; Le Ma; Yanzhen Li; R. Lawrence Edwards; Hai Cheng; Ashish Sinha; Xiqian Wang; Xing Cheng; Ángel A. Garcia; et al. (Marine Geology, 2024)

Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale - Juan Serratosa; Steffen Oppel; Shay Rotics; Andrea Santangeli; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Luis S. Cano-Alonso; Jose Luis Tellería; Ryno Kemp; Aaron Nicholas; Aigars Kalvāns; Aitor Galarza; Aldina M.A. Franco; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2024)

Density data for L ake E rie benthic invertebrate assemblages from 1930 to 2019 - Lyubov E. Burlakova; Alexander Y. Karatayev; Allison R. Hrycik; Susan E. Daniel; Knut Mehler; Elizabeth K. Hinchey; Ronald Dermott; Ronald Griffiths; Lillian E. Denecke (Ecology, 2024)
Benthic invertebrates are important trophic links in food webs and useful bioindicators of environmental conditions, but long‐term benthic organism abundance data across broad geographic areas are rare and historic datasets are often not readily accessible. This dataset provides densities of benthic macroinvertebrates collected from 1930 to 2019 during surveys in Lake Erie, a Laurentian Great Lake. The surveys were funded by the governments of the United States and Canada to investigate the status and changes in the benthic community. From the total of 21 lake‐wide and basin‐wide benthic surveys conducted in Lake Erie from 1929 to 2019, we were able to acquire data for 17 surveys, including species‐level data for 10 surveys and data by higher taxonomic groups for seven surveys. Our amassed Lake Erie dataset includes data from 11 surveys (including five with species‐level data) conducted in the western basin in 1930–2019, seven surveys (six with species‐level data) in the central basin, and eight surveys (seven with species‐level data) in the eastern basin (1973–2019). This Lake Erie dataset represents the most extensive temporal dataset of benthic invertebrates available for any of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Benthic samples were collected using Ponar or Shipek bottom dredges and taxa densities were calculated as individuals per square meter using the area of the dredge. Density data are provided for taxa in the Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Nemertea, and Platyhelminthes phyla. Current taxonomy was used for most groups but, in a few cases, older taxonomic names were used for consistency with historical data. Analysis of this dataset indicates that eutrophication, water quality improvement, and dreissenid introduction were the major drivers of changes in the benthic community in the western basin, while hypoxia was a major factor in the central basin, and dreissenid introduction was the most important driver in the eastern basin. Considering the rarity of high taxonomic resolution long‐term benthic data for lake ecosystems, this dataset could be useful to explore broader aspects of ecological theory, including effects of eutrophication, hypoxia, invasive species, and other factors on community organization, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and spatial and temporal scales of variation in community structure. In addition, the dataset could be useful for studies on individual species, including abundance and distribution, species co‐occurrence, and how the patterns of dominance and rarity change over space and time. Use of this dataset for academic or educational purposes is encouraged as long as this data paper is properly cited.

Camera trap surveys of A tlantic F orest mammals: A data set for analyses considering imperfect detection (2004–2020) - Ingridi Camboim Franceschi; Rubem Augusto da Paixão Dornas; Isabel Salgueiro Lermen; Artur Vicente Pfeifer Coelho; Ademir Henrique Vilas Boas; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Alana Rafaela Borsekowsky; Alessandro Rocha; Alex Bager; Alexander Zaidan de Souza; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
Camera traps became the main observational method of a myriad of species over large areas. Data sets from camera traps can be used to describe the patterns and monitor the occupancy, abundance, and richness of wildlife, essential information for conservation in times of rapid climate and land‐cover changes. Habitat loss and poaching are responsible for historical population losses of mammals in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, especially for medium to large‐sized species. Here we present a data set from camera trap surveys of medium to large‐sized native mammals (>1 kg) across the Atlantic Forest. We compiled data from 5380 ground‐level camera trap deployments in 3046 locations, from 2004 to 2020, resulting in 43,068 records of 58 species. These data add to existing data sets of mammals in the Atlantic Forest by including dates of camera operation needed for analyses dealing with imperfect detection. We also included, when available, information on important predictors of detection, namely the camera brand and model, use of bait, and obstruction of camera viewshed that can be measured from example pictures at each camera location. Besides its application in studies on the patterns and mechanisms behind occupancy, relative abundance, richness, and detection, the data set presented here can be used to study species' daily activity patterns, activity levels, and spatiotemporal interactions between species. Moreover, data can be used combined with other data sources in the multiple and expanding uses of integrated population modeling. An R script is available to view summaries of the data set. We expect that this data set will be used to advance the knowledge of mammal assemblages and to inform evidence‐based solutions for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. The data are not copyright restricted; please cite this paper when using the data.

Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease - Jordan N. Williamson; Shirley A. James; Sean P. Mullen; Bradley P. Sutton; Tracey Wszalek; Beni Mulyana; Peter Mukli; Andriy Yabluchanskiy; Michael Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; et al. (GeroScience, 2024)

Blanford's fox (Vulpes cana) habitat suitability in Saudi Arabia: Insights from camera trapping and ensemble species distribution modelling - J. Philip B. Faure; Marine Drouilly; Alexander E. Botha; Michael D. Ross; J. Andrew Spalton; Mesfer AlHlafi; Carolyn E. Dunford; David R. Mills; Ross De Bruin; Emma Gallacher; Gareth K.H. Mann (Journal of Arid Environments, 2024)

Detection and evaluation of anthropogenic impacts on natural forest ecosystems from long-term tree-ring observations - Mikhail I. Bogachev; Andrey A. Grigoriev; Nikita S. Pyko; Alexey N. Gulin; Alena V. Grigorieva; Alexander S. Chindyaev; Airat R. Kayumov; Denis V. Tishin (Forest Ecology and Management, 2024)

Copper(II)-containing chitosan-based non-toxic composites stimulate kefir grain biomass propagation: Combined in vitro and in vivo studies - Artem P. Dysin; Anatoly A. Kirichuk; Anton R. Egorov; Vladimir A. Kozyrev; Vasili V. Rubanik; Vasili V. Rubanik; Alexander G. Tskhovrebov; Dirk Schaumlöffel; Andreii S. Kritchenkov (Food Bioscience, 2024)

Magnetic resonance velocimetry of particle hydrodynamics in a three-dimensional draft tube spout-fluid bed - Jens P. Metzger; Boyuan Chen; Alexander Penn; Christian Guenthner; Klaas P. Pruessmann; Christoph R. Müller (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024)

Identification of Surfactant Impact on a Monoclonal Antibody Characterization via HPLC-Separation Based and Biophysical Methods - Kaizhu Guo; Jing Song; Petra Bennington; Alexander J. Pavon; Jameson R. Bothe; Hanmi Xi; Rico C. Gunawan (Pharmaceutical Research, 2024)

Multiple Ecological Axes Drive Molecular Evolution of Cone Opsins in Beloniform Fishes - Katherine D. Chau; Frances E. Hauser; Alexander Van Nynatten; Jacob M. Daane; Matthew P. Harris; Belinda S. W. Chang; Nathan R. Lovejoy (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2024)

Assessment of the sensitivity of model responses to urban emission changes in support of emission reduction strategies - Bertrand Bessagnet; Kees Cuvelier; Alexander de Meij; Alexandra Monteiro; Enrico Pisoni; Philippe Thunis; Angelos Violaris; Jonilda Kushta; Bruce R. Denby; Qing Mu; Eivind G. Wærsted; Marta G. Vivanco; et al. (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2024)
The sensitivity of air quality model responses to modifications in input data (e.g. emissions, meteorology and boundary conditions) or model configurations is recognized as an important issue for air quality modelling applications in support of air quality plans. In the framework of FAIRMODE (Forum of Air Quality Modelling in Europe, https://fairmode.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ ) a dedicated air quality modelling exercise has been designed to address this issue. The main goal was to evaluate the magnitude and variability of air quality model responses when studying emission scenarios/projections by assessing the changes of model output in response to emission changes. This work is based on several air quality models that are used to support model users and developers, and, consequently, policy makers. We present the FAIRMODE exercise and the participating models, and provide an analysis of the variability of O 3 and PM concentrations due to emission reduction scenarios. The key novel feature, in comparison with other exercises, is that emission reduction strategies in the present work are applied and evaluated at urban scale over a large number of cities using new indicators such as the absolute potential, the relative potential and the absolute potency. The results show that there is a larger variability of concentration changes between models, when the emission reduction scenarios are applied, than for their respective baseline absolute concentrations. For ozone, the variability between models of absolute baseline concentrations is below 10%, while the variability of concentration changes (when emissions are similarly perturbed) exceeds, in some instances 100% or higher during episodes. Combined emission reductions are usually more efficient than the sum of single precursor emission reductions both for O 3 and PM. In particular for ozone, model responses, in terms of linearity and additivity, show a clear impact of non-linear chemistry processes. This analysis gives an insight into the impact of model’ sensitivity to emission reductions that may be considered when designing air quality plans and paves the way of more in-depth analysis to disentangle the role of emissions from model formulation for present and future air quality assessments.

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome in neurosurgery: literature review and illustrative case example - Alexander R. Evans; Xiaochun Zhao; Griffin L. Ernst; Jorge Ortiz-Garcia; Ian F. Dunn; John Burke (GeroScience, 2024)

Hazard and risk characterization of 56 structurally diverse PFAS using a targeted battery of broad coverage assays using six human cell types - Lucie C. Ford; Hsing-Chieh Lin; Han-Hsuan D. Tsai; Yi-Hui Zhou; Fred A. Wright; Alexander Sedykh; Ruchir R. Shah; Weihsueh A. Chiu; Ivan Rusyn (Toxicology, 2024)

Practical methods for the control of tor-grass (Brachypodium pinnatum s.l.) and the restoration of calcareous grassland - Lucy E. Ridding; John W. Redhead; Emily V. Upcott; Lucy Hulmes; Sarah Hulmes; Nadine Mitschunas; Katherine Howell; Jenny Christelow; Alexander R. Wickenden; Mike Fussell; James Plunkett; Richard F. Pywell (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2024)

One-pot Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Α-cycloamino-substituted 5-aryl-2,2'-bipyridines - Mallikarjuna R. Guda; Maria I. Valieva; Dmitry S. Kopchuk; Rammohan Aluru; Albert F. Khasanov; Olga S. Taniya; Alexander S. Novikov; Grigory V. Zyryanov; Brindaban C. Ranu (Journal of Fluorescence, 2024)

Development of a culturally targeted chatbot to inform living kidney donor candidates of African ancestry about APOL1 genetic testing: a mixed methods study - Elisa J. Gordon; Jessica Gacki-Smith; Matthew J. Gooden; Preeya Waite; Rochell Yacat; Zenab R. Abubakari; Debra Duquette; Akansha Agrawal; John Friedewald; Sarah K. Savage; Matthew Cooper; Alexander Gilbert; et al. (Journal of Community Genetics, 2024)
Clinical chatbots are increasingly used to help integrate genetic testing into clinical contexts, but no chatbot exists for A polipoprotein L1 ( APOL1 ) genetic testing of living kidney donor (LKD) candidates of African ancestry. Our study aimed to culturally adapt and assess perceptions of the Gia® chatbot to help integrate APOL1 testing into LKD evaluation. Ten focus groups and post-focus group surveys were conducted with 54 LKDs, community members, and kidney transplant recipients of African ancestry. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Key themes about making Gia culturally targeted included ensuring: (1) transparency by providing Black LKDs’ testimonials, explaining patient privacy and confidentiality protections, and explaining how genetic testing can help LKD evaluation; (2) content is informative by educating Black LKDs about APOL1 testing instead of aiming to convince them to undergo testing, presenting statistics, and describing how genetic discrimination is legally prevented; and (3) content avoids stigma about living donation in the Black community. Most agreed Gia was neutral and unbiased (82%), trustworthy (82%), and words, phrases, and expressions were familiar to the intended audience (85%). Our culturally adapted APOL1 Gia chatbot was well regarded. Future research should assess how this chatbot could supplement provider discussion prior to genetic testing to scale APOL1 counseling and testing for LKD candidate clinical evaluation.

Age and growth estimates for the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) over 17 years in Bimini, The Bahamas - Baylie A. Fadool; Kylie G. Bostick; Lauran R. Brewster; Alexander C. Hansell; John K. Carlson; Matthew J. Smukall (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
Age and growth estimates are essential for life history modeling in elasmobranchs and are used to inform accurate conservation and management decisions. The nurse shark ( Ginglymostoma cirratum ) is abundant in coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean, yet many aspects of their life history remain relatively understudied, aside from their reproductive behavior. We used mark-recapture data of 91 individual G. cirratum from Bimini, The Bahamas, from 2003 to 2020, to calculate von Bertalanffy (vB) growth parameters, empirical growth rate, and age derived from the resulting length-at-age estimates. The Fabens method for estimating growth from mark-recapture methods was applied through a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. This provided growth parameters with an asymptotic total length ( L ∞) of 303.28 cm and a growth coefficient ( k ) of 0.04 yr -1 . The average growth rate for G. cirratum was approximately 8.68 ± 6.00 cm yr -1 . This study also suggests that the previous maximum age for G. cirratum is likely underestimated, with the oldest individual predicted to be 43 years old. Our study is the first to present vB growth parameters and a growth curve for G. cirratum . It indicates that this species is slow-growing and long-lived, which improves our understanding of their life history.

Baleen–Plastic Interactions Reveal High Risk to All Filter-Feeding Whales from Clogging, Ingestion, and Entanglement - Alexander J. Werth; Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport; Jean Potvin; Jeremy A. Goldbogen; Matthew S. Savoca (Oceans, 2024)
Baleen whales are ecosystem sentinels of microplastic pollution. Research indicates that they likely ingest millions of anthropogenic microparticles per day when feeding. Their immense prey consumption and filter-feeding behavior put them at risk. However, the role of baleen, the oral filtering structure of mysticete whales, in this process has not been adequately addressed. Using actual baleen tissue from four whale species (fin, humpback, minke, and North Atlantic right) in flow tank experiments, we tested the capture rate of plastics of varying size, shape, and polymer type, as well as chemical residues leached by degraded plastics, all of which accumulated in the baleen filter. Expanded polystyrene foam was the most readily captured type of plastic, followed by fragments, fibers, nurdles, and spherical microbeads. Nurdle and microbead pellets were captured most readily by right whale baleen, and fragments were captured by humpback baleen. Although not all differences between polymer types were statistically significant, buoyant polymers were most often trapped by baleen. Plastics were captured by baleen sections from all regions of a full baleen rack, but were more readily captured by baleen from dorsal and posterior regions. Baleen–plastic interactions underlie various risks to whales, including filter clogging and damage, which may impede feeding. We posit that plastics pose a higher risk to some whale species due to a combination of factors, including filter porosity, diet, habitat and geographic distribution, and foraging ecology and behavior. Certain whale species in specific marine regions are of the greatest concern due to plastic abundance. It is not feasible to remove all plastic from the sea; most of what is there will continue to break into ever-smaller pieces. We suggest that higher priorities be accorded to lessening humans’ dependence on plastics, restricting entry points of plastics into the ocean, and developing biodegradable alternatives.

Pervasive aqueous alteration in the early Solar System revealed by potassium isotopic variations in Ryugu samples and carbonaceous chondrites - Yan Hu; Frédéric Moynier; Wei Dai; Marine Paquet; Tetsuya Yokoyama; Yoshinari Abe; Jérôme Aléon; Conel M. O'D. Alexander; Sachiko Amari; Yuri Amelin; Ken-ichi Bajo; Martin Bizzarro; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

Energetics of β-lactoglobulin–flavor compounds interactions - Valerij Y. Grinberg; Tatiana V. Burova; Natalia V. Grinberg; Alexander S. Dubovik; Irina G. Plashchina; Alexei R. Khokhlov (Food Research International, 2024)

Spatial distribution of selenium-mercury in Arctic seabirds - Marta Cruz-Flores; Jérémy Lemaire; Maud Brault-Favrou; Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard; Carine Churlaud; Sébastien Descamps; Kyle Elliott; Kjell Einar Erikstad; Alexey Ezhov; Maria Gavrilo; David Grémillet; Gaël Guillou; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Population genomic structure of a widespread, urban‐dwelling mammal: The eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) - Nicole A. Fusco; Bradley J. Cosentino; James P. Gibbs; Maximilian L. Allen; Alexander J. Blumenfeld; George H. Boettner; Elizabeth J. Carlen; Merri Collins; Catherine Dennison; Devin DiGiacopo; André‐Philippe Drapeau Picard; Jonathan Edmonson; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Urbanization is a persistent and widespread driver of global environmental change, potentially shaping evolutionary processes due to genetic drift and reduced gene flow in cities induced by habitat fragmentation and small population sizes. We tested this prediction for the eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), a common and conspicuous forest‐dwelling rodent, by obtaining 44K SNPs using reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) for 403 individuals sampled across the species' native range in eastern North America. We observed moderate levels of genetic diversity, low levels of inbreeding, and only a modest signal of isolation‐by‐distance. Clustering and migration analyses show that estimated levels of migration and genetic connectivity were higher than expected across cities and forested areas, specifically within the eastern portion of the species' range dominated by urbanization, and genetic connectivity was less than expected within the western range where the landscape is fragmented by agriculture. Landscape genetic methods revealed greater gene flow among individual squirrels in forested regions, which likely provide abundant food and shelter for squirrels. Although gene flow appears to be higher in areas with more tree cover, only slight discontinuities in gene flow suggest eastern grey squirrels have maintained connected populations across urban areas in all but the most heavily fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest urbanization shapes biological evolution in wildlife species depending strongly on the composition and habitability of the landscape matrix surrounding urban areas.

Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition - Elise Bouchard; Eric B. Searle; Pierre Drapeau; Jingjing Liang; Javier G. P. Gamarra; Meinrad Abegg; Giorgio Alberti; Angelica Almeyda Zambrano; Esteban Alvarez‐Davila; Luciana F. Alves; Valerio Avitabile; Gerardo Aymard; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Adding experimental precision to the realism of field observations: Plant communities structure bacterial communities in a glacier forefield - Xie He; Maximilian Hanusch; Laura Böll; Alexander Lach; Tobias Seifert; Robert R. Junker (Environmental Microbiology, 2024)
Ecological studies are aligned along a realism–precision continuum ranging from field observations to controlled lab experiments that each have their own strengths and limitations. Ecological insight may be most robust when combining approaches. In field observations along a successional gradient, we found correlations between plant species composition and soil bacterial communities, while bacterial Shannon diversity was unrelated to vegetation characteristics. To add a causal understanding of the processes of bacterial community assembly, we designed lab experiments to specifically test the influence of plant composition on bacterial communities. Using soil and seeds from our field site, we added different combinations of surface‐sterilised seeds to homogenised soil samples in microcosms and analysed bacterial communities 4 months later. Our results confirmed the field observations suggesting that experimental plant community composition shaped bacterial community composition, while Shannon diversity was unaffected. These results reflect intimate plant–bacteria interactions that are important drivers of plant health and community assembly. While this study provided insights into the role of plants underlying the assembly of bacterial communities, we did not experimentally manipulate other drivers of community assembly such as abiotic factors. Therefore, we recommend multi‐factorial laboratory experiments to quantify the relative importance of different factors contributing to microbial composition.

A comparison of adenosine triphosphate with other metrics of microbial biomass in a gradient from the North Atlantic to the Chesapeake Bay - Alexander B. Bochdansky; Amber A. Beecher; Joshua R. Calderon; Alison N. Stouffer; NyJaee N. Washington (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
A new, simplified protocol for determining particulate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels allows for the assessment of microbial biomass distribution in aquatic systems at a high temporal and spatial resolution. A comparison of ATP data with related variables, such as particulate carbon, nitrogen, chlorophyll, and turbidity in pelagic samples, yielded significant and strong correlations in a gradient from the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay (sigma-t = 8) to the open North Atlantic (sigma-t = 29). Correlations varied between ATP and biomass depending on the microscopic method employed. Despite the much greater effort involved, biomass determined by microscopy correlated poorly with other indicator variables including carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll. The ATP values presented here fit well within the range of ATP biomass estimates in the literature for similar environments. A compilation of prior research data from a wide range of marine habitats demonstrated that ATP values can be ranked according to broad trophic gradients, from the deep sea to eutrophic inland waters. Using a mass-based conversion factor of 250, the contribution of biomass to overall particulate organic carbon (POC) ranged from 15% to 30% along the gradient, from the open ocean to locations in the Chesapeake Bay respectively. Our data corroborate the notion that ATP, due to its consistency and simplicity, is a promising high-throughput indicator of cytoplasm volume with distinct benefits over cell counts and measures of chlorophyll or POC.

Surgical management of spinal pathologies in the octogenarian: a narrative review - Alexander R. Evans; Joshua Bakhsheshian; Christopher S. Graffeo; Zachary A. Smith (GeroScience, 2024)

Novel guard cell sink characteristics revealed by a multi-species/cell-types meta-analysis of 13C-labelling experiments - André G. Daubermann; Valéria F. Lima; Alexander Erban; Joachim Kopka; Alisdair R. Fernie; Markus Schwarzländer; Leticia dos Anjos; Danilo M. Daloso (Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2024)

PODO/TERT256 – A promising human immortalized podocyte cell line and its potential use for in vitro research at different oxygen levels - Nadja Schlichenmaier; Alexander Zielinski; Sascha Beneke; Daniel R. Dietrich (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2024)

A mysterious cloak: the peptidoglycan layer of algal and plant plastids - Alexander I. MacLeod; Michael R. Knopp; Sven B. Gould (Protoplasma, 2024)
The plastids of algae and plants originated on a single occasion from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium at least a billion years ago. Despite the divergent evolution that characterizes the plastids of different lineages, many traits such as membrane organization and means of fission are universal—they pay tribute to the cyanobacterial origin of the organelle. For one such trait, the peptidoglycan (PG) layer, the situation is more complicated. Our view on its distribution keeps on changing and little is known regarding its molecular relevance, especially for land plants. Here, we investigate the extent of PG presence across the Chloroplastida using a phylogenomic approach. Our data support the view of a PG layer being present in the last common ancestor of land plants and its remarkable conservation across bryophytes that are otherwise characterized by gene loss. In embryophytes, the occurrence of the PG layer biosynthetic toolkit becomes patchier and the availability of novel genome data questions previous predictions regarding a functional coevolution of the PG layer and the plastid division machinery-associated gene FtsZ3. Furthermore, our data confirm the presence of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) orthologs in seed plants, which were previously thought to be absent from this clade. The 5-7 nm thick, and seemingly unchanged, PG layer armoring the plastids of glaucophyte algae might still provide the original function of structural support, but the same can likely not be said about the only recently identified PG layer of bryophyte and tracheophyte plastids. There are several issues to be explored regarding the composition, exact function, and biosynthesis of the PG layer in land plants. These issues arise from the fact that land plants seemingly lack certain genes that are believed to be crucial for PG layer production, even though they probably synthesize a PG layer.

Hindcasting compound pluvial, fluvial and coastal flooding during Hurricane Harvey (2017) using Delft3D-FM - Wonhyun Lee; Alexander Y. Sun; Bridget R. Scanlon; Clint Dawson (Natural Hazards, 2024)

Sleep Spindle Generation Before and After Epilepsy Surgery: A Source Imaging Study in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy - Assia Chericoni; Lorenzo Ricci; Georgios Ntolkeras; Roberto Billardello; Scellig S.D. Stone; Joseph R. Madsen; Christos Papadelis; P Ellen Grant; Phillip L. Pearl; Fabrizio Taffoni; Alexander Rotenberg; Eleonora Tamilia (Brain Topography, 2024)

Elasticity Solver in Minecraft for Learning Mechanics of Materials by Gaming - Zachariah Beck; Brandon Alpert; Alexander Bowman; William R. Watson; Adrian B. Tepole (Biomedical Engineering Education, 2024)

Subcritical neutron noise measurements for plutonium systems with varying geometry and mass - Jesson Hutchinson; Alexander R. Clark; Theresa Cutler; Wim Haeck; Noah Kleedtke; Juliann Lamproe; Denise Neudecker; Michael Rising; Nicholas Thompson; Robert Little (Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2024)

Discerning structure versus speciation in phylogeographic analysis of Seepage Salamanders ( Desmognathus aeneus ) using demography, environment, geography, and phenotype - R. Alexander Pyron; Anvith Kakkera; David A. Beamer; Kyle A. O'Connell (Molecular Ecology, 2024)
Numerous mechanisms can drive speciation, including isolation by adaptation, distance, and environment. These forces can promote genetic and phenotypic differentiation of local populations, the formation of phylogeographic lineages, and ultimately, completed speciation. However, conceptually similar mechanisms may also result in stabilizing rather than diversifying selection, leading to lineage integration and the long‐term persistence of population structure within genetically cohesive species. Processes that drive the formation and maintenance of geographic genetic diversity while facilitating high rates of migration and limiting phenotypic differentiation may thereby result in population genetic structure that is not accompanied by reproductive isolation. We suggest that this framework can be applied more broadly to address the classic dilemma of “structure” versus “species” when evaluating phylogeographic diversity, unifying population genetics, species delimitation, and the underlying study of speciation. We demonstrate one such instance in the Seepage Salamander ( Desmognathus aeneus ) from the southeastern United States. Recent studies estimated up to 6.3% mitochondrial divergence and four phylogenomic lineages with broad admixture across geographic hybrid zones, which could potentially represent distinct species supported by our species‐delimitation analyses. However, while limited dispersal promotes substantial isolation by distance, microhabitat specificity appears to yield stabilizing selection on a single, uniform, ecologically mediated phenotype. As a result, climatic cycles promote recurrent contact between lineages and repeated instances of high migration through time. Subsequent hybridization is apparently not counteracted by adaptive differentiation limiting introgression, leaving a single unified species with deeply divergent phylogeographic lineages that nonetheless do not appear to represent incipient species.

Ventral and dorsal aspects of the inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus support verbal semantic access and visually-guided behavioural control - Tirso R. J. Gonzalez Alam; Juan Cruz Arias; Elizabeth Jefferies; Jonathan Smallwood; Alexander Leemans; Julian Marino Davolos (Brain Structure and Function, 2023)
The Inferior Frontal Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) is a major anterior-to-posterior white matter pathway in the ventral human brain that connects parietal, temporal and occipital regions to frontal cortex. It has been implicated in a range of functions, including language, semantics, inhibition and the control of action. The recent research shows that the IFOF can be sub-divided into a ventral and dorsal branch, but the functional relevance of this distinction, as well as any potential hemispheric differences, are poorly understood. Using DTI tractography, we investigated the involvement of dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the IFOF in the left and right hemisphere in a response inhibition task (Go/No-Go), where the decision to respond or to withhold a prepotent response was made on the basis of semantic or non-semantic aspects of visual inputs. The task also varied the presentation modality (whether concepts were presented as written words or images). The results showed that the integrity of both dorsal and ventral IFOF in the left hemisphere were associated with participants’ inhibition performance when the signal to stop was meaningful and presented in the verbal modality. This effect was absent in the right hemisphere. The integrity of dorsal IFOF was also associated with participants’ inhibition efficiency in difficult perceptually guided decisions. This pattern of results indicates that left dorsal IFOF is implicated in the domain-general control of visually-guided behaviour, while the left ventral branch might interface with the semantic system to support the control of action when the inhibitory signal is based on meaning.

Observing Antarctic Bottom Water in the Southern Ocean - Alessandro Silvano; Sarah Purkey; Arnold L. Gordon; Pasquale Castagno; Andrew L. Stewart; Stephen R. Rintoul; Annie Foppert; Kathryn L. Gunn; Laura Herraiz-Borreguero; Shigeru Aoki; Yoshihiro Nakayama; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Dense, cold waters formed on Antarctic continental shelves descend along the Antarctic continental margin, where they mix with other Southern Ocean waters to form Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW then spreads into the deepest parts of all major ocean basins, isolating heat and carbon from the atmosphere for centuries. Despite AABW’s key role in regulating Earth’s climate on long time scales and in recording Southern Ocean conditions, AABW remains poorly observed. This lack of observational data is mostly due to two factors. First, AABW originates on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope where in situ measurements are limited and ocean observations by satellites are hampered by persistent sea ice cover and long periods of darkness in winter. Second, north of the Antarctic continental slope, AABW is found below approximately 2 km depth, where in situ observations are also scarce and satellites cannot provide direct measurements. Here, we review progress made during the past decades in observing AABW. We describe 1) long-term monitoring obtained by moorings, by ship-based surveys, and beneath ice shelves through bore holes; 2) the recent development of autonomous observing tools in coastal Antarctic and deep ocean systems; and 3) alternative approaches including data assimilation models and satellite-derived proxies. The variety of approaches is beginning to transform our understanding of AABW, including its formation processes, temporal variability, and contribution to the lower limb of the global ocean meridional overturning circulation. In particular, these observations highlight the key role played by winds, sea ice, and the Antarctic Ice Sheet in AABW-related processes. We conclude by discussing future avenues for observing and understanding AABW, impressing the need for a sustained and coordinated observing system.

Portion size affects food selection in an immersive virtual reality buffet and is related to measured intake in laboratory meals varying in portion size - John W. Long; Sara J. Pritschet; Kathleen L. Keller; Charissa S.L. Cheah; Lee Boot; Alexander Klippel; Timothy R. Brick; Caitlyn G. Edwards; Barbara J. Rolls; Travis D. Masterson (Appetite, 2023)

Utility of wastewater genomic surveillance compared to clinical surveillance to track the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant across England - Franziska S. Brunner; Alexander Payne; Edward Cairns; George Airey; Richard Gregory; Natalie D. Pickwell; Myles Wilson; Matthew Carlile; Nadine Holmes; Verity Hill; Harry Child; Jasmine Tomlinson; et al. (Water Research, 2023)

Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown - Angela Che Ing Tang; Christophe R. Flechard; Nicola Arriga; Dario Papale; Paul C. Stoy; Nina Buchmann; Matthias Cuntz; John Douros; Silvano Fares; Alexander Knohl; Ladislav Šigut; Guillaume Simioni; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Linking timescale-dependent Antarctic sea ice kinematic observations to ice thickness - Tian R. Tian; Alexander D. Fraser; Thomas Lavergne; Sonya L. Fiddes; Chen Zhao; Petra Heil (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The extant moss genus Leucobryum (Bryopsida: Leucobryaceae) from Miocene Zhangpu amber - Kathrin Feldberg; Lars Hedenäs; Alexander R. Schmidt (Palaeoworld, 2023)

On global wave height climatology and trends from multiplatform altimeter measurements and wave hindcast - Qingxiang Liu; Ian R. Young; Stefan Zieger; Agustinus Ribal; Shang-Min Long; Xianghui Dong; Zhenya Song; Changlong Guan; Alexander V. Babanin (Ocean Modelling, 2023)

Unsupervised machine learning for species delimitation, integrative taxonomy, and biodiversity conservation - R. Alexander Pyron (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Impact of the climatic changes in the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition on Irano-Turanian species. The radiation of genus Jurinea (Compositae) - Sonia Herrando-Moraira; Cristina Roquet; Juan-Antonio Calleja; You-Sheng Chen; Kazumi Fujikawa; Mercè Galbany-Casals; Núria Garcia-Jacas; Jian-Quan Liu; Javier López-Alvarado; Jordi López-Pujol; Jennifer R. Mandel; Iraj Mehregan; et al. (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Validation of octane hyperboosting phenomenon in prenol and structurally related olefinic alcohols - Alexander Landera; Eric Monroe; Nicholas R. Myllenbeck; Joseph Carlson; Anthe George; Christopher P. Kolodziej; Alexander Hoth; Jon Luecke; Gina M. Fioroni; Ryan W. Davis (Fuel, 2023)

Assessing hydrological controls on the lithium isotope weathering tracer - Philip A.E. Pogge von Strandmann; Lara R. Cosford; Chun-Yao Liu; Xianyi Liu; Alexander J. Krause; David J. Wilson; Xiaoqing He; Alex J. McCoy-West; Sigurður R. Gislason; Kevin W. Burton (Chemical Geology, 2023)

The state of Zr and Hf in chloride hydrothermal fluids from in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy - Olga N. Filimonova; Alexander L. Trigub; Nadezhda D. Shikina; Maximilian S. Nickolsky; Boris R. Tagirov (Chemical Geology, 2023)

Estimating nitrogen inputs from a Kura clover living mulch system for maize production - Jonathan R. Alexander; Rodney T. Venterea; John M. Baker (Plant and Soil, 2023)

Life in a changing environment: dreissenids’ feeding response to different temperature - Linda Haltiner; Silvan Rossbacher; Josephine Alexander; Stuart R. Dennis; Piet Spaak (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
Invasive species have far-reaching consequences for whole ecosystems. The two dreissenids zebra and quagga mussels are two of the most successful invaders in aquatic systems. Quagga mussels can colonize deeper parts of a lake while zebra mussels prefer shallow areas. Both species show large variability in shell morphology, but only quagga mussels show a shallow and deep-water morphotype. The aim of this study is to investigate the depth adaptation of quagga mussels and the potential filtration advantage of the quagga mussel compared to the zebra mussel. We conducted common garden experiments, where we measured filtration rates at different temperatures of quagga mussels collected from different water depths and compared them to zebra mussel from 1m depth. We found filtration rates to be strongly temperature dependent, and in particular, lower at 4 °C. Overall, zebra mussels fed less than quaggas. Quagga mussels collected from 1 m depth fed more at higher temperature than quaggas from 30 and 60 m. We hypothesize that deep-water quagga mussels are less sensitive to lower temperature and/or constrained to modify filtration rates at higher temperatures.

Food system resilience measurement: principles, framework and caveats - Christophe Béné; Timothy R. Frankenberger; Suzanne Nelson; Mark Alexander Constas; Gregory Collins; Mark Langworthy; Karyn Fox (Food Security, 2023)
There is growing recognition that a better understanding of how food systems respond to crises is critical to build and protect the food security of local populations. But rigorous and reliable methods to measure food system resilience are still missing. In this paper, we build on the current literature to develop an analytical framework aimed at assessing the resilience of food systems at local level. The novel element of the analysis lies in the levels at which resilience is considered. Combining the individual actor level with the notion of 'emergent properties' of food systems, we argue that the overall resilience of food system results from processes that take place – and need to be measured – at both individual and system levels. The framework is structured around three components: (i) the mapping of the actors and the local food system; (ii) the assessment of the resilience of these actors and that of the food system, and (iii) the outcomes of this resilience, assessed in term of local population’s food security. For each of those components, indicators are proposed and the ways to collect them are discussed. The paper then presents the types of analyses that would be necessary to complete to gain a better understanding of the situation regarding the resilience of the local food system under consideration, including the analysis of “positive deviance” among food system actors. The paper concludes with a series of reflections about the caveats and challenges that one may face when attempting to assess food system resilience.

QSPR predicting the vapor pressure of pesticides into high/low volatility classes - Pablo R. Duchowicz; Silvina E. Fioressi; Daniel E. Bacelo; Alexander Q. Quispe; Ebbe L. Yapu; Heriberto Castañeta (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Multi-modal MRI of hippocampal morphometry and connectivity after pediatric severe TBI - Jose M. Guerrero-Gonzalez; Gregory R. Kirk; Rasmus Birn; Erin D. Bigler; Katherine Bowen; Aimee T. Broman; Bedda L. Rosario; Warwick Butt; Sue R. Beers; Michael J. Bell; Andrew L. Alexander; Peter A. Ferrazzano; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2023)
This investigation explores memory performance using the California Verbal Learning Test in relation to morphometric and connectivity measures of the memory network in severe traumatic brain injury. Twenty-two adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury were recruited for multimodal MRI scanning 1–2 years post-injury at 13 participating sites. Analyses included hippocampal volume derived from anatomical T1-weighted imaging, fornix white matter microstructure from diffusion tensor imaging, and hippocampal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity as well as diffusion-based structural connectivity. A typically developing control cohort of forty-nine age-matched children also underwent scanning and neurocognitive assessment. Results showed hippocampus volume was decreased in traumatic brain injury with respect to controls. Further, hippocampal volume loss was associated with worse performance on memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Similarly, hippocampal fornix fractional anisotropy was reduced in traumatic brain injury with respect to controls, while decreased fractional anisotropy in the hippocampal fornix also was associated with worse performance on memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Additionally, reduced structural connectivity of left hippocampus to thalamus and calcarine sulcus was associated with memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Functional connectivity in the left hippocampal network was also associated with memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. These regional findings from a multi-modal neuroimaging approach should not only be useful for gaining valuable insight into traumatic brain injury induced memory and learning disfunction, but may also be informative for monitoring injury progression, recovery, and for developing rehabilitation as well as therapy strategies.

Corrigendum: Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity induced by internal tides influences faunal patterns on vertical walls within a submarine canyon - Tabitha R. R. Pearman; Katleen Robert; Alexander Callaway; Rob A. Hall; Furu Mienis; Claudio Lo Iacono; Veerle A. I. Huvenne (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)

Data collection and analysis methods to evaluate potential impacts of seismic surveys and other marine industrial activities on baleen whales - Brandon L. Southall; Gregory P. Donovan; Roberto Racca; Randall R. Reeves; Alexander I. Vedenev; David W. Weller; Douglas P. Nowacek (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2023)

Hidden morphology of Shackleton Crater, lunar South Pole - Andrey V. Mitusov; Alexander Stark; Vladislav R. Khrisanov; Jürgen Oberst (Planetary and Space Science, 2023)

Structural inheritance in amagmatic rift basins: Manifestations and mechanisms for how pre-existing structures influence rift-related faults - Anindita Samsu; Steven Micklethwaite; Jack N. Williams; Åke Fagereng; Alexander R. Cruden (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains - Tamara Shulgina; Alexander Gershunov; Benjamin J. Hatchett; Kristen Guirguis; Aneesh C. Subramanian; Steven A. Margulis; Yiwen Fang; Daniel R. Cayan; David W. Pierce; Michael Dettinger; Michael L. Anderson; F. Martin Ralph (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
The Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascades—California’s snowy mountains—are primary freshwater sources and natural reservoirs for the states of California and Nevada. These mountains receive precipitation overwhelmingly from wintertime storms including atmospheric rivers (ARs), much of it falling as snow at the higher elevations. Using a seven-decade record of daily observed temperature and precipitation as well as a snow reanalysis and downscaled climate projections, we documented historical and future changes in snow accumulation and snowlines. In four key subregions of California’s snowy mountains, we quantified the progressing contribution of ARs and non-AR storms to the evolving and projected snow accumulation and snowlines (elevation of the snow-to-rain transition), exploring their climatology, variability and trends. Historically, snow makes up roughly a third of the precipitation affecting California’s mountains. While ARs make up only a quarter of all precipitating days and, due to their relative warmth, produce snowlines higher than do other storms, they contribute over 40% of the total seasonal snow. Under projected unabated warming, snow accumulation would decline to less than half of historical by the late twenty-first century, with the greatest snow loss at mid elevations (from 1500 to 3300 m by the mountain sub-regions) during fall and spring. Central and Southern Sierra Nevada peaks above 3400 m might see occasionally extreme snow accumulations in January–February resulting entirely from wetter ARs. AR-related snowlines are projected to increase by more than 700 m, compared to about 500 m for other storms. We discuss likely impacts of the changing climate for water resources as well as for winter recreation.

Effect of erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis during angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques - Pauline Puylaert; Lynn Roth; Melissa Van Praet; Isabel Pintelon; Catalina Dumitrascu; Alexander van Nuijs; Greta Klejborowska; Pieter-Jan Guns; Tom Vanden Berghe; Koen Augustyns; Guido R. Y. De Meyer; Wim Martinet (Angiogenesis, 2023)
Intraplaque (IP) angiogenesis is a key feature of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Because IP vessels are fragile and leaky, erythrocytes are released and phagocytosed by macrophages (erythrophagocytosis), which leads to high intracellular iron content, lipid peroxidation and cell death. In vitro experiments showed that erythrophagocytosis by macrophages induced non-canonical ferroptosis, an emerging type of regulated necrosis that may contribute to plaque destabilization. Erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis was accompanied by increased expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin, and could be blocked by co-treatment with third generation ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203. Both heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin were also expressed in erythrocyte-rich regions of carotid plaques from ApoE −/− Fbn1 C1039G+/− mice, a model of advanced atherosclerosis with IP angiogenesis. The effect of UAMC-3203 (12.35 mg/kg/day) on atherosclerosis was evaluated in ApoE −/− Fbn1 C1039G+/− mice fed a western-type diet (WD) for 12 weeks (n = 13 mice/group) or 20 weeks (n = 16–21 mice/group) to distinguish between plaques without and with established IP angiogenesis, respectively. A significant decrease in carotid plaque thickness was observed after 20 weeks WD (87 ± 19 μm vs. 166 ± 20 μm, p = 0.006), particularly in plaques with confirmed IP angiogenesis or hemorrhage (108 ± 35 μm vs. 322 ± 40 μm, p = 0.004). This effect was accompanied by decreased IP heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin expression. UAMC-3203 did not affect carotid plaques after 12 weeks WD or plaques in the aorta, which typically do not develop IP angiogenesis. Altogether, erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis during IP angiogenesis leads to larger atherosclerotic plaques, an effect that can be prevented by ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203.

Species trait diversity sustains multiple dietary nutrients supplied by freshwater fisheries - Sebastian A. Heilpern; Guido A. Herrera‐R; Kathryn J. Fiorella; Luis Moya; Alexander S. Flecker; Peter B. McIntyre (Ecology Letters, 2023)
Species, through their traits, influence how ecosystems simultaneously sustain multiple functions. However, it is unclear how trait diversity sustains the multiple contributions biodiversity makes to people. Freshwater fisheries nourish hundreds of millions of people globally, but overharvesting and river fragmentation are increasingly affecting catches. We analyse how loss of nutritional trait diversity in consumed fish portfolios affects the simultaneous provisioning of six essential dietary nutrients using household data from the Amazon and Tonlé Sap, two of Earth's most productive and diverse freshwater fisheries. We find that fish portfolios with high trait diversity meet higher thresholds of required daily intakes for a greater variety of nutrients with less fish biomass. This beneficial biodiversity effect is driven by low redundancy in species nutrient content profiles. Our findings imply that sustaining the dietary contributions fish make to people given declining biodiversity could require more biomass and ultimately exacerbate fishing pressure in already‐stressed ecosystems.

Inhibition of p53-MDM2 binding reduces senescent cell abundance and improves the adaptive responses of skeletal muscle from aged mice - Georgia L. Nolt; Alexander R. Keeble; Yuan Wen; Aubrey C. Strong; Nicholas T. Thomas; Taylor R. Valentino; Camille R. Brightwell; Kevin A. Murach; Sini Patrizia; Harald Weinstabl; Andreas Gollner; John J. McCarthy; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Skeletal muscle adaptation to external stimuli, such as regeneration following injury and hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise, are blunted with advanced age. The accumulation of senescent cells, along with defects in myogenic progenitor cell (MPC) proliferation, have been strongly linked as contributing factors to age-associated impairment in muscle adaptation. p53 plays an integral role in all these processes, as upregulation of p53 causes apoptosis in senescent cells and prevents mitotic catastrophe in MPCs from old mice. The goal of this study was to determine if a novel pharmaceutical agent (BI01), which functions by upregulating p53 through inhibition of binding to MDM2, the primary p53 regulatory protein, improves muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in old mice. BI01 effectively reduced the number of senescent cells in vitro but had no effect on MPC survival or proliferation at a comparable dose. Following repeated oral gavage with 2 mg/kg of BI01 (OS) or vehicle (OV), old mice (24 months) underwent unilateral BaCl 2 injury in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, with PBS injections serving as controls. After 7 days, satellite cell number was higher in the TA of OS compared to OV mice, as was the expression of genes involved in ATP production. By 35 days, old mice treated with BI01 displayed reduced senescent cell burden, enhanced regeneration (higher muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area) and restoration of muscle function relative to OV mice. To examine the impact of 2 mg/kg BI01 on muscle hypertrophy, the plantaris muscle was subjected to 28 days of mechanical overload (MOV) in OS and OV mice. In response to MOV, OS mice had larger plantaris muscles and muscle fibers than OV mice, particularly type 2b + x fibers, associated with reduced senescent cells. Together our data show that BI01 is an effective senolytic agent that may also augment muscle metabolism to enhance muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in old mice.

Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition - Jonas Mueller; Matteo Pauly; Joachim Molkentin; Ute Ostermeyer; Doret R. van Muilekom; Alexander Rebl; Tom Goldammer; Jacqueline Lindemeyer; Thekla Schultheiß; Henrike Seibel; Carsten Schulz (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Microalgae are increasingly being investigated as functional feed additives in a variety of fish species, but our knowledge on how microalgae supplementation affects Atlantic salmon remains limited. We hypothesized that microalgae inclusion of 8% in the feed would improve performance, fatty acid and pigment deposition as well as health and immunity of Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). We fed Atlantic salmon smolts with five different microalgae enriched diets containing Tetraselmis chuii (TC), Arthrospira platensis (AP), Schizochytrium limacinum (SL) or Chlorella vulgaris , either intact (CVI) or as broken cell wall derivative (CVB) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks of feeding in brackish water (13 psu), all groups were transferred to seawater (32 psu) for additional two weeks. Our results indicate that CVB improved feed conversion and protein retention, but reduced condition factor (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed with a control diet. Voluntary feed intake decreased in seawater, but was similar among diet groups. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid was particularly high in SL-fed fish and alpha-linolenic acid was enriched in fish fed CVI, CVB and TC (p < 0.05). Following seawater transfer, fat content and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in the muscle, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased. Lutein was present in all muscle samples, but highest concentrations were found in CVB-, CVI- and TC-fed fish. In the anterior intestine, microalgae supplementation induced differentially regulated trout protein 1 ( drtp1 ) expression in CVI- and CVB-fed fish, but reduced the expression of interleukin 1 and 10 receptor ( il1r2 & il10rb ) in CVI-fed fish. In the liver, feeding CVI and SL induced complement C1q like 2 ( c1ql2 ) expression, while reducing serum amyloid A5 ( saa5 ) expression. Superoxide-dismutase protein concentration was induced in the liver of fish fed SL, while myeloperoxidase was reduced in most microalgae-fed groups. In conclusion, we show that commercially relevant microalgae can be used as functional feed additives for Atlantic salmon promoting different health aspects without negatively affecting their growth performance when cultivated in RAS.

Seasonal differences in trace metal concentrations in the major rivers of the hyper-arid southwestern Andes basins of Peru - Alexander Ccanccapa-Cartagena; Francisco D. Chavez-Gonzales; Betty Paredes; Corina Vera; Guillermo Gutierrez; Roland Valencia; Ana Lucia Paz Alcázar; Nadezhda N. Zyaykina; Timothy R. Filley; Chad T. Jafvert (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Cotton fabrics modified with molybdenum nanoclusters for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria and viruses - Evgeniya D. Novikova; Ekaterina V. Pronina; Yuri A. Vorotnikov; Lyubov S. Adamenko; Alexander Y. Alekseev; Aleksander M. Shestopalov; Alphiya R. Tsygankova; Tatiana Ya. Gusel’nikova; Pavel Kubát; Kaplan Kirakci; Kamil Lang; Michael A. Shestopalov (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023)

Anthropometric measures and arsenic methylation among pregnant women in rural northern Bangladesh - Tyler J.S. Smith; Ana Navas-Acien; Sarah Baker; Caryn Kok; Kate Kruczynski; Lindsay N. Avolio; Nora Pisanic; Pranay R. Randad; Rebecca C. Fry; Walter Goessler; Alexander van Geen; Jessie P. Buckley; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Adapting a Medical School Cancer Research Education Program to the Virtual Environment: a Mixed-Methods Study - Omar R. Vayani; Hassaan Asif; Aviva Klein; Olwen M. Hahn; Alexander T. Pearson; Vineet M. Arora; Olufunmilayo I. Olopade; Daniel W. Golden (Journal of Cancer Education, 2023)

Environmental, morphological, and molecular data reveal a new species of freshwater mussel, Strophitus howellsi, endemic to the Edwards Plateau in Texas - Chase H. Smith; Alexander H. Kiser; Nathan A. Johnson; Charles R. Randklev (Conservation Genetics, 2023)

Methyl jasmonate elicitation effect on the metabolic profile of cambial meristematic cells culture derived from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in relation to antioxidant activity: Untargeted metabolomics study in a time-based approach - Ahmed Zayed; Mohamed A. Farag; Alexander Mehring; Mohamed A. Salem; Rana M. Ibrahim; Saleh Alseekh; Alisdair R. Fernie; Roland Ulber (Phytochemistry, 2023)

Bewildering biogeography: Waves of dispersal and diversification across southern Wallacea by bent-toed geckos (genus: Cyrtodactylus) - Sean B. Reilly; Alexander L. Stubbs; Benjamin R. Karin; Evy Arida; Umilaela Arifin; Amir Hamidy; Hinrich Kaiser; Ke Bi; Awal Riyanto; Djoko T. Iskandar; Jimmy A. McGuire (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Compressibility of ferropericlase at high-temperature: Evidence for the iron spin crossover in seismic tomography - Viktoria E. Trautner; Stephen Stackhouse; Alice R. Turner; Paula Koelemeijer; D. Rhodri Davies; Alba San José Méndez; Niccolo Satta; Alexander Kurnosov; Hanns-Peter Liermann; Hauke Marquardt (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

New records of Ornithodoros turicata (Ixodida: Argasidae) in rural and urban sites in the Mexican states of Aguascalientes and Zacatecas indicate the potential for tick-borne relapsing fever - Edwin Vázquez-Guerrero; José Luis González-Quiroz; María Lilia Domínguez-López; Alexander R. Kneubehl; Aparna Krishnavajhala; Michael W. Curtis; Alejandro Ponce-Mendoza; Paulina Estrada-de los Santos; Job E. Lopez; J. Antonio Ibarra (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2023)

Time Scales of Ecosystem Impacts and Recovery Under Individual and Serial Invasions - Vadim A. Karatayev; Lars G. Rudstam; Alexander Y. Karatayev; Lyubov E. Burlakova; Boris V. Adamovich; Hanna A. Zhukava; Kristen T. Holeck; Amy L. Hetherington; James R. Jackson; Csilla Balogh; Zoltán Serfőző; Christopher W. Hotaling; et al. (Ecosystems, 2023)
The impacts of species invasions can subside over time as ecosystems ‘adapt’ and invaders decline or increase over time as additional species invade. The character and timescales of invasion impacts provide important insights into ecosystem dynamics and management. Yet long-term studies of invasion impacts remain rare and often confound invasive species impacts with coincident environmental change. One way to address this challenge is to ask: what ecological changes over time since invasion are recapitulated in ecosystems that span a range of conditions, are located in different regions, and were invaded in different decades? We synthesize many-decade time series across seven ecosystems to resolve shared changes in seven key ecosystem features following invasion by zebra mussels and subsequent invasion by quagga mussels. These two congeners are among the most widespread invasive species that re-engineer and increasingly co-invade freshwater ecosystems. Seven polymictic shallow lakes with long-term data sets reveal remarkably similar trends, with the strongest ecosystem impacts occurring within 5–10 years of zebra mussel invasion. Surprisingly, plankton communities then exhibited a partial, significant recovery. This recovery was absent, and impacts of initial invasion amplified, in four lakes where quagga mussels outcompeted zebra mussels and more completely depleted phytoplankton. Thus, we show that the ecosystem impacts of invasive species can subside over time but amplify with serial introductions of competing, even closely similar, taxa.

Inter‐ and intraspecific phytochemical variation correlate with epiphytic flower and leaf bacterial communities - Paul Gaube; Polina Marchenko; Caroline Müller; Rabea Schweiger; Raimund Tenhaken; Alexander Keller; Robert R. Junker (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Microbes associated with flowers and leaves affect plant health and fitness and modify the chemical phenotypes of plants with consequences for interactions of plants with their environment. However, the drivers of bacterial communities colonizing above‐ground parts of grassland plants in the field remain largely unknown. We therefore examined the relationships between phytochemistry and the epiphytic bacterial community composition of flowers and leaves of Ranunculus acris and Trifolium pratense . On 252 plant individuals, we characterized primary and specialized metabolites, that is, surface sugars, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metabolic fingerprints, as well as epiphytic flower and leaf bacterial communities. The genomic potential of bacterial colonizers concerning metabolic capacities was assessed using bacterial reference genomes. Phytochemical composition displayed pronounced variation within and between plant species and organs, which explained part of the variation in bacterial community composition. Correlation network analysis suggests strain‐specific correlations with metabolites. Analysis of bacterial reference genomes revealed taxon‐specific metabolic capabilities that corresponded with genes involved in glycolysis and adaptation to osmotic stress. Our results show relationships between phytochemistry and the flower and leaf bacterial microbiomes suggesting that plants provide chemical niches for distinct bacterial communities. In turn, bacteria may induce alterations in the plants' chemical phenotype. Thus, our study may stimulate further research on the mechanisms of trait‐based community assembly in epiphytic bacteria.

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Correction to: MR Imaging in Ataxias: Consensus Recommendations by the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group on MRI Biomarkers - Gülin Öz; Sirio Cocozza; Pierre-Gilles Henry; Christophe Lenglet; Andreas Deistung; Jennifer Faber; Adam J. Schwarz; Dagmar Timmann; Koene R. A. Van Dijk; Ian H. Harding; Astrid Adarmes-Gómez; Andreas Thieme; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2023)

Alpha-Mendeleev Rise, Arctic Ocean: A double volcanic passive margin - Anatoly M. Nikishin; Elizaveta A. Rodina; Ksenia F. Startseva; Gillian R. Foulger; Henry W. Posamentier; Alexander P. Afanasenkov; Alexey V. Beziazykov; Andrey A. Chernykh; Nikolay A. Malyshev; Eugene I. Petrov; Sergey G. Skolotnev; Vladimir E. Verzhbitsky; et al. (Gondwana Research, 2023)

Freshwater salinization reduces vertical movement rate and abundance of Daphnia: Interactions with predatory stress - Eric D. Huber; Bayley Wilmoth; Leslie L. Hintz; Alexander D. Horvath; Jorden R. McKenna; William D. Hintz (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Synthesis, antiviral evaluation, molecular docking study and cytotoxicity of 5′-phosphorylated 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues with thymine and 6-methyl uracil moieties - Bulat F. Garifullin; Dmitry A. Tatarinov; Olga V. Andreeva; Mayya G. Belenok; Irina Yu. Strobykina; Leysan R. Khabibulina; Anna V. Shepelina; Vladimir V. Zarubaev; Alexander V. Slita; Alexandrina S. Volobueva; Alexandra D. Voloshina; Anna P. Lyubina; et al. (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2023)

Physical Characteristics Explain Ball-Carrying Capability in Sub-Elite Rugby Union Players - Alexander S. Hart; Robert M. Erskine; Tom J. Mclaughlin; David R. Clark (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2023)
Purpose The aims of the present study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability amongst sub-elite rugby union players, and (ii) to predict the level of change in these physical characteristics required to improve the associated game statistic via regression analysis. Methods Thirty-eight senior professional players (forwards, n = 22; backs, n = 16) were assessed for body mass (BM), back squat (BS) single-repetition maximum (1RM) normalised to BM (1RM/BM), 10 m sprint velocity (S10), 10 m sprint momentum (SM10), and the game statistics from 22 games within the 2019/20 RFU Championship season. The relationship between these measures and the predicted level of change in a physical measure required to improve the total number of the associated game statistic by one were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple regression analyses. Results In forwards, an ~ 11.5% reduction in BM, an ~ 11.8% improvement in BS 1RM/BM, or an ~ 11.5% increase in S10 was required to improve the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability. In backs, a ~ 19.3% increase in BM or a ~ 15.6% improvement in SM10 was required. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that improvements in lower-body relative strength, acceleration performance, and position-specific alterations in body mass are required to maximise the ball-carrying capability and therefore match outcome of sub-elite rugby union players.

Olfactory cues of risk and visual cues of safety interact with sympatry and phylogeny in shaping behavioral responses by littoral fishes - Brian D. Wisenden; Abygail A. Andebrhan; Cody M. Anderson; Jacob M. Angus; Ian C. Coffman; Madelyn E. Cloutier; Quintin H. Dahl; Alexander D. Doebler; Lily G. Erickson; Jenna E. McKay; Jessica I. Nguyen; Evan T. Nickchen; et al. (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2023)

In-situ combustion technique for developing fractured low permeable oil shale: Experimental evidence for synthetic oil generation and successful propagation of combustion front - Alexander V. Bolotov; Chengdong Yuan; Mikhail A. Varfolomeev; Usman H. Taura; Yahya M. Al-Wahaibi; Ilgiz F. Minkhanov; Vadim K. Derevyanko; Saif Al-Bahry; Sanket Joshi; Aidar R. Tazeev; Rail I. Kadyrov; Dmitrii A. Emelianov; et al. (Fuel, 2023)

Global occurrence of synthetic glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor agonistic activity, and aquatic hazards in effluent discharges and freshwater systems - Alexander R. Cole; Bryan W. Brooks (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

The extreme forest fires in California/Oregon in 2020: Aerosol optical and physical properties and comparisons of aged versus fresh smoke - Thomas F. Eck; Brent N. Holben; Jeffrey S. Reid; Alexander Sinyuk; David M. Giles; Antti Arola; Ilya Slutsker; Joel S. Schafer; Mikhail G. Sorokin; Alexander Smirnov; Anthony D. LaRosa; Jason Kraft; et al. (Atmospheric Environment, 2023)

Comparative Genomics Analysis of the Aromatic and Xenobiotic Degradation Capacities and Heavy Metal Resistance in Seven Environmentally Derived Bacterial Isolates - Alexander R. Kneubehl; Rupa Iyer (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2023)

Sequential scute growth layers reveal developmental histories of hawksbill sea turtles - Kyle S. Van Houtan; T. Todd Jones; Molly E. Hagemann; Joel Schumacher; George Phocas; Alexander R. Gaos; Jeffrey A. Seminoff (Marine Biology, 2023)

Photosynthetic adaptation and multicellularity in the Antarctic psychrophile, Chlamydomonas priscuii - Norman P.A. Hüner; Beth Szyszka-Mroz; Alexander G. Ivanov; Victoria Kata; Hannah Lye; David R. Smith (Algal Research, 2023)

Precision of the Abaxis VetScan VS2 for postmortem biochemical analysis of delphinid vitreous humor - Tiffany Zorotrian; Adam W. Stern; Hanzhi Gao; Alexander Costidis; Christine Fontaine; Alissa Deming; Craig Harms; Hayley R. Adams (Marine Mammal Science, 2023)
Biochemical analysis of vitreous humor has several forensic applications, including toxicology, estimation of the postmortem interval, and as proxy for select antemortem serum analytes. Estimation of postmortem interval from vitreous humor analytes such as potassium has potential to be a valuable forensic tool for marine mammal strandings, as time of death is essential to provide spatial and temporal context for anthropogenic interactions. The Abaxis VetScan VS2 (VetScan) chemistry analyzer is inexpensive, compact, and requires low sample volume (100 μl), making it ideal for organizations with limited resources and limited samples. This pilot study compared accuracy of the Vetscan on delphinid serum/plasma ( n = 7) to the Beckman Coulter AU480, validated the precision of the Vetscan for biochemical analysis of delphinid vitreous humor using the described sample processing protocol, and assessed analyte stability at room temperature in delphinid vitreous humor. Pooled samples ( n = 12) of delphinid vitreous humor were serially analyzed and the between‐run and within‐run coefficient of variation of the VetScan was acceptable for most analytes tested but was not for creatinine, total bilirubin, amylase, and alanine aminotransferase. These results demonstrated the precision of the VetScan for the analysis of glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus in delphinid vitreous humor.

Microhabitat conditions remedy heat stress effects on insect activity - Jördis F. Terlau; Ulrich Brose; Nico Eisenhauer; Angelos Amyntas; Thomas Boy; Alexander Dyer; Alban Gebler; Christian Hof; Tao Liu; Christoph Scherber; Ulrike E. Schlägel; Anja Schmidt; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Anthropogenic global warming has major implications for mobile terrestrial insects, including long‐term effects from constant warming, for example, on species distribution patterns, and short‐term effects from heat extremes that induce immediate physiological responses. To cope with heat extremes, they either have to reduce their activity or move to preferable microhabitats. The availability of favorable microhabitat conditions is strongly promoted by the spatial heterogeneity of habitats, which is often reduced by anthropogenic land transformation. Thus, it is decisive to understand the combined effects of these global change drivers on insect activity. Here, we assessed the movement activity of six insect species (from three orders) in response to heat stress using a unique tracking approach via radio frequency identification. We tracked 465 individuals at the iDiv Ecotron across a temperature gradient up to 38.7°C. In addition, we varied microhabitat conditions by adding leaf litter from four different tree species to the experimental units, either spatially separated or well mixed. Our results show opposing effects of heat extremes on insect activity depending on the microhabitat conditions. The insect community significantly decreased its activity in the mixed litter scenario, while we found a strong positive effect on activity in the separated litter scenario. We hypothesize that the simultaneous availability of thermal refugia as well as resources provided by the mixed litter scenario allows animals to reduce their activity and save energy in response to heat stress. Contrary, the spatial separation of beneficial microclimatic conditions and resources forces animals to increase their activity to fulfill their energetic needs. Thus, our study highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity on smaller scales, because it may buffer the consequences of extreme temperatures of insect performance and survival under global change.

MR Imaging in Ataxias: Consensus Recommendations by the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group on MRI Biomarkers - Gülin Öz; Sirio Cocozza; Pierre-Gilles Henry; Christophe Lenglet; Andreas Deistung; Jennifer Faber; Adam J. Schwarz; Dagmar Timmann; Koene R. A. Van Dijk; Ian H. Harding; Astrid Adarmes-Gomez; Andreas Thieme; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2023)
With many viable strategies in the therapeutic pipeline, upcoming clinical trials in hereditary and sporadic degenerative ataxias will benefit from non-invasive MRI biomarkers for patient stratification and the evaluation of therapies. The MRI Biomarkers Working Group of the Ataxia Global Initiative therefore devised guidelines to facilitate harmonized MRI data acquisition in clinical research and trials in ataxias. Recommendations are provided for a basic structural MRI protocol that can be used for clinical care and for an advanced multi-modal MRI protocol relevant for research and trial settings. The advanced protocol consists of modalities with demonstrated utility for tracking brain changes in degenerative ataxias and includes structural MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion MRI, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and resting-state functional MRI. Acceptable ranges of acquisition parameters are provided to accommodate diverse scanner hardware in research and clinical contexts while maintaining a minimum standard of data quality. Important technical considerations in setting up an advanced multi-modal protocol are outlined, including the order of pulse sequences, and example software packages commonly used for data analysis are provided. Outcome measures most relevant for ataxias are highlighted with use cases from recent ataxia literature. Finally, to facilitate access to the recommendations by the ataxia clinical and research community, examples of datasets collected with the recommended parameters are provided and platform-specific protocols are shared via the Open Science Framework.

Artificial neural network based prediction of ship speed under operating conditions for operational optimization - Ameen M. Bassam; Alexander B. Phillips; Stephen R. Turnock; Philip A. Wilson (Ocean Engineering, 2023)

Human impacts, habitat quantity and quality affect the dimensions of diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests: A landscape-based approach - Júlio R. Bastos; Elivane S. Capellesso; Alexander C. Vibrans; Márcia C.M. Marques (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Community recommendations for geochemical data, services and analytical capabilities in the 21st century - Marthe Klöcking; Lesley Wyborn; Kerstin A. Lehnert; Bryant Ware; Alexander M. Prent; Lucia Profeta; Fabian Kohlmann; Wayne Noble; Ian Bruno; Sarah Lambart; Halimulati Ananuer; Nicholas D. Barber; et al. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2023)

Stable isotopes and foraging behaviors support the role of antipredator benefits in driving the association between two marine fishes - Christopher R. Haak; Michael Power; Alexander D. M. Wilson; Andy J. Danylchuk (Oecologia, 2023)

Inbreeding affects juvenile shoaling behaviour in sibling groups of a cichlid fish - Simon Vitt; Rieke F. Schons; Alexander J. R. Keller; Timo Thünken (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
Whilst the effects of inbreeding on growth and survival have been well studied, knowledge on the impact of inbreeding on the social behaviour is scarce. Animal groups are often composed of relatives, which can facilitate cooperation (due to kin selection) and improve group performance accordingly. Therefore, increased genetic relatedness in inbred kin groups could increase group performance, whilst the reduced genetic diversity could have negative effects (inbreeding depression). We compared the juvenile shoaling behaviour of inbred and outbred sibling groups in Pelvicachromis taeniatus (Boulenger 1901), a West-African cichlid fish with kin mating preferences. Activity (travelled distance), shoal density (inter-individual distance) and recovery from a disturbance (freezing time) in a novel environment were analysed using tracking software. Inbred individuals travelled shorter distances compared to outbred individuals, which may decrease conspicuousness and thus predation risk. Furthermore, inbred sibling groups recovered faster after the disturbance compared to outbred sibling groups suggesting improved coordination. In conclusion, our study revealed differences in shoaling between inbred and outbred sibling groups. The higher relatedness in inbred groups may have positive effects in the form of a reduced conspicuousness. The reduced activity may impair foraging success under natural conditions which might, however, be compensated by faster recovery from disturbances.

“The Boss”: a tribute to the life and scientific legacy of Bob Conger - Plamen D. Denchev; Dennis J. Gray; Gary E. Hanning; Alexander I. Kuklin; Ludmila Ohnoutkova; Janet N. Reed; David D. Songstad; Robert N Trigiano; Allan R. Wenck (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2023)

Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution threats and challenges to the health of South Asian coral reefs - Stuart C. Painter; Yuri Artioli; Fathimath Hana Amir; Jessica Arnull; Raja S. Ganeshram; Nizam Ibrahim; V. Deepak Samuel; R.S. Robin; R. Raghuraman; R. Purvaja; R. Ramesh; Arjan Rajasuriya; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Nitrogen pollution is a widespread and growing problem in the coastal waters of South Asia yet the ecological impacts on the region’s coral ecosystems are currently poorly known and understood. South Asia hosts just under 7% of global coral reef coverage but has experienced significant and widespread coral loss in recent decades. The extent to which this coral ecosystem decline at the regional scale can be attributed to the multiple threats posed by nitrogen pollution has been largely overlooked in the literature. Here, we assess the evidence for nitrogen pollution impacts on corals in the central Indian Ocean waters of India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. We find that there is currently limited evidence with which to clearly demonstrate widespread impacts on coral reefs from nitrogen pollution, including from its interactions with other stressors such as seawater warming. However, this does not prove there are no significant impacts, but rather it reflects the paucity of appropriate observations and related understanding of the range of potential impacts of nitrogen pollution at individual, species and ecosystem levels. This situation presents significant research, management and conservation challenges given the wide acceptance that such pollution is problematic. Following from this, we recommend more systematic collection and sharing of robust observations, modelling and experimentation to provide the baseline on which to base prescient pollution control action.

Optode-based chemical imaging of laboratory burned soil reveals millimeter-scale heterogeneous biogeochemical responses - Alexander S. Honeyman; Theresa Merl; John R. Spear; Klaus Koren (Environmental Research, 2023)

Targeting Redundant ROBO1 and SDF-1 Pathways Prevents Adult Hemangioblast Derived-EPC and CEC Activity Effectively Blocking Tumor Neovascularization - Anitha K. Shenoy; Liya Pi; Alexander P. Ligocki; Koji Hosaka; Christopher R. Cogle; Edward W. Scott (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2023)

Whole bone subcutaneous transplantation as a strategy to study precisely the bone marrow niche - Caroline C. Picoli; Patrícia Rocha Martins; Xiao Lin Casey Wong; Thamires Righi; Pedro P. G. Guimarães; Mauro C. X. Pinto; Jaime H. Amorim; Vasco A. C. Azevedo; Silma Regina Pereira; Alexandre Kanashiro; Fabio Cardoso Cruz; Rodrigo R. Resende; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2023)

A Systematic Review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football - Alexander B. T. McAuley; David C. Hughes; Loukia G. Tsaprouni; Ian Varley; Bruce Suraci; Thomas R. Roos; Adam J. Herbert; Daniel T. Jackson; Adam L. Kelly (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2023)
Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to date. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE databases until March 11th 2022 identified 34 studies. Inclusion criteria: primary investigations, included football players, examined the association of a genetic variant with injury, and were published in English. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis summarised results. Results There were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study, with 9642 participants across all studies (range = 43–1311; median = 227). Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 genes. Forty-one polymorphisms were associated with injury once. Three polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts: ACTN3 (rs1815739) XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries, ACAN (rs1516797) G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and VEGFA (rs2010963) CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACL and ligament or tendon injuries. However, several methodological issues (e.g., small sample sizes, cohort heterogeneity, and population stratification) are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of findings. Conclusion At present, the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is weak. Future participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

On the relevance of animal behavior to the management and conservation of fishes and fisheries - Steven J. Cooke; Heather L. Auld; Kim Birnie-Gauvin; Chris K. Elvidge; Morgan L. Piczak; William M. Twardek; Graham D. Raby; Jacob W. Brownscombe; Jonathan D. Midwood; Robert J. Lennox; Christine Madliger; Alexander D. M. Wilson; et al. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2023)

Electro-geohydraulic estimation of shallow aquifer characteristics of Njaba and environs, Southeastern Nigeria - Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru; Uzochi Bright Onyeanwuna; Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara; Kenneth Obinna Iheme; Adora Olivia Njoku; Chinyere C. Amadi; Casmir Zander Akaolisa; Ogechi R. Okwuosha (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2023)

Corrigendum: Ten lessons on the resilience of the EU common fisheries policy towards climate change and fuel efficiency - A call for adaptive, flexible and well-informed fisheries management - Francois Bastardie; David A. Feary; Thomas Brunel; Laurence T. Kell; Ralf Döring; Sebastien Metz; Ole R. Eigaard; Oihane C. Basurko; Valerio Bartolino; Jacob Bentley; Benoit Berges; Sieme Bossier; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)

Shape from spectra - Nimrod Carmon; Alexander Berk; Niklas Bohn; Phillip G. Brodrick; Jeff Dozier; Margaret Johnson; Charles E. Miller; David R. Thompson; Michael Turmon; Charles M. Bachmann; Robert O. Green; Regina Eckert; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

The phylogenomics and evolutionary dynamics of the organellar genomes in carnivorous Utricularia and Genlisea species (Lentibulariaceae) - Saura R. Silva; Vitor F.O. Miranda; Todd P. Michael; Bartosz J. Płachno; Ramon G. Matos; Lubomir Adamec; Sergei L.K. Pond; Alexander G. Lucaci; Daniel G. Pinheiro; Alessandro M. Varani (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Magnetic fabrics reveal three-dimensional flow processes within elongate magma fingers at the margin of the Shonkin Sag laccolith (MT, USA) - Jonas Köpping; Alexander R. Cruden; Craig Magee; William McCarthy; John Geissman; Daniel Holm (Journal of Structural Geology, 2023)

The microbiome of a brownfield highly polluted with mercury and arsenic - Alexander Prosenkov; Christine Cagnon; José Luis R. Gallego; Ana Isabel Pelaez (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Rapid emergence of transcriptional heterogeneity upon molecular stress predisposes cells to two distinct states of senescence - Nikolay Burnaevskiy; Junko Oshima; Alexander R. Mendenhall (GeroScience, 2023)

Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project - Emily E. Bray; David A. Raichlen; Kiersten K. Forsyth; Daniel E. L. Promislow; Gene E. Alexander; Evan L. MacLean; Joshua M. Akey; Brooke Benton; Elhanan Borenstein; Marta G. Castelhano; Amanda E. Coleman; Kate E. Creevy; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

Effects of different management strategies on long‐term trends of Australian threatened and near‐threatened mammals - Ayesha I. T. Tulloch; Micha V. Jackson; Elisa Bayraktarov; Alexander R. Carey; Diego F. Correa‐Gomez; Michael Driessen; Ian C. Gynther; Mel Hardie; Katherine Moseby; Liana Joseph; Harriet Preece; Andrés Felipe Suarez‐Castro; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Monitoring is critical to assess management effectiveness, but broadscale systematic assessments of monitoring to evaluate and improve recovery efforts are lacking. We compiled 1808 time series from 71 threatened and near‐threatened terrestrial and volant mammal species and subspecies in Australia (48% of all threatened mammal taxa) to compare relative trends of populations subject to different management strategies. We adapted the Living Planet Index to develop the Threatened Species Index for Australian Mammals and track aggregate trends for all sampled threatened mammal populations and for small ( 5500 g) from 2000 to 2017. Unmanaged populations (42 taxa) declined by 63% on average; unmanaged small mammals exhibited the greatest declines (96%). Populations of 17 taxa in havens (islands and fenced areas that excluded or eliminated introduced red foxes [ Vulpes vulpes ] and domestic cats [ Felis catus ]) increased by 680%. Outside havens, populations undergoing sustained predator baiting initially declined by 75% but subsequently increased to 47% of their abundance in 2000. At sites where predators were not excluded or baited but other actions (e.g., fire management, introduced herbivore control) occurred, populations of small and medium mammals declined faster, but large mammals declined more slowly, than unmanaged populations. Only 13% of taxa had data for both unmanaged and managed populations; index comparisons for this subset showed that taxa with populations increasing inside havens declined outside havens but taxa with populations subject to predator baiting outside havens declined more slowly than populations with no management and then increased, whereas unmanaged populations continued to decline. More comprehensive and improved monitoring (particularly encompassing poorly represented management actions and taxonomic groups like bats and small mammals) is required to understand whether and where management has worked. Improved implementation of management for threats other than predation is critical to recover Australia's threatened mammals.

Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity induced by internal tides influences faunal patterns on vertical walls within a submarine canyon - Tabitha R. R. Pearman; Katleen Robert; Alexander Callaway; Rob A. Hall; Furu Mienis; Claudio Lo Iacono; Veerle A. I. Huvenne (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Vertical walls of submarine canyons represent features of high conservation value that can provide natural areas of protection for vulnerable marine ecosystems under increasing anthropogenic pressure from deep-sea trawling. Wall assemblages are spatially heterogeneous, attributed to the high environmental heterogeneity over short spatial scales that is a typical feature of canyons. Effective management and conservation of these assemblages requires a deeper understanding of the processes that affect faunal distribution patterns. Canyons are recognised as sites of intensified hydrodynamic regimes, with focused internal tides enhancing near-bed currents, turbulent mixing and nepheloid layer production, which influence faunal distribution patterns. Faunal patterns also respond to broad-scale hydrodynamics and gradients in water mass properties (e.g. temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration). Oscillating internal tidal currents can advect such gradients, both vertically and horizontally along a canyon's walls. Here we take an interdisciplinary approach using biological, hydrodynamic and bathymetry-derived datasets to undertake a high-resolution analysis of a subset of wall assemblages within Whittard Canyon, North-East Atlantic. We investigate if, and to what extent, patterns in diversity and epibenthic assemblages on deep-sea canyon walls can be explained by spatial and temporal variability induced by internal tides. Vertical displacement of water mass properties by the internal tide was calculated from autonomous ocean glider and shipboard CTD observations. Spatial patterns in faunal assemblage structure were determined by cluster analysis and non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling plots. Canonical Redundancy Analysis and Generalised Linear Models were then used to explore relationships between faunal diversity and assemblage structure and a variety of environmental variables. Our results support the hypothesis that internal tides influence spatial heterogeneity in wall faunal diversity and assemblages by generating both spatial and temporal gradients in hydrodynamic properties and consequently likely food supply.

Pre-eruptive rhyolite magma ascent rate is rapid and independent of eruption size: a case study from Ōkataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand - Hannah C. Elms; Madison L. Myers; Alexander R. L. Nichols; Paul J. Wallace; Colin J. N. Wilson; Simon J. Barker; Bruce L. A. Charlier (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2023)
Volatile measurements in mineral-hosted sealed melt inclusions, and open-ended embayments, have previously been used to study magma ascent dynamics in large rhyolitic eruptions. However, despite occurring more frequently, smaller-volume explosive events remain under-studied. We present magmatic volatile data from quartz-hosted melt inclusions and embayments for eight post-25.4 ka rhyolitic eruptions at Ōkataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand. Seven originated from within the main caldera, and the other erupted from the associated Ōkareka Structural Embayment. Melt inclusions preserve volatile contents of 2.92–5.82 wt% H 2 O and 13–126 ppm CO 2 , indicating pre-eruptive storage depths of 4.5–7.4 km, with younger eruptions being more shallow. The lack of correlation between H 2 O, CO 2 , inclusion size or distance to the crystal rim suggests magma bodies experienced variable degrees of degassing during magma storage, with some amount of post-entrapment volatile modification prior to and concurrent with final magma ascent. Diffusion modelling of measured H 2 O gradients in melt embayments indicates ascent rates of 0.10–1.67 m.s −1 over time spans of 20–230 min for the intra-caldera events. In contrast, ascent rates for the eruption from the Ōkareka Structural Embayment may be more rapid, at 1.59–4.4 m.s −1 over a time span of 22–34 min. Our findings imply that the final, pre-eruptive magma movement towards the surface could be less than a few hours. Comparisons with published data for caldera-forming explosive events reveal no clear relationships between final ascent rate, eruption size or initial volatile content, implying that other factors besides eruption volume control rhyolite magma ascent.

Spatiotemporal distribution of roots in a Maize-Kura clover living mulch system: Impact of tillage and fertilizer N source - Jonathan R. Alexander; John M. Baker; Joshua D. Gamble; Rodney T. Venterea; Kurt A. Spokas (Soil and Tillage Research, 2023)

Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study - Amber M. Hall; Amanda M. Ramos; Samantha SM. Drover; Giehae Choi; Alexander P. Keil; David B. Richardson; Chantel L. Martin; Andrew F. Olshan; Gro D. Villanger; Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud; Pål Zeiner; Kristin R. Øvergaard; et al. (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2023)

Lithium fluoride dissolution in sulfuric acid solution: Optimization and application in the extraction of lithium from fluorinated α-spodumene - Alexander C. Resentera; Gustavo D. Rosales; Marcelo R. Esquivel; Mario H. Rodriguez (Hydrometallurgy, 2023)

A systematic evidence map for the evaluation of noncancer health effects and exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures - Laura M. Carlson; Krista Christensen; Sharon K. Sagiv; Pradeep Rajan; Carolyn R. Klocke; Pamela J. Lein; Evan Coffman; Rachel M. Shaffer; Erin E. Yost; Xabier Arzuaga; Pam Factor-Litvak; Alexander Sergeev; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation after tungsten inhalation in mice - Jorid B. Sørli; Alexander C.Ø. Jensen; Alicja Mortensen; Józef Szarek; Eleni Chatzigianelli; Claudia A.T. Gutierrez; Nicklas R. Jacobsen; Sarah S. Poulsen; Iosif Hafez; Charis Loizides; George Biskos; Karin S. Hougaard; et al. (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023)

Evaluation of a long-term information tool reveals continued suitability for identifying bycatch hotspots but little effect on fisher location choice - Zachary A. Siders; Robert N.M. Ahrens; Summer Martin; Edward V. Camp; Alexander R. Gaos; John H. Wang; Jamie Marchetti; T. Todd Jones (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Development of SpCas9-expressing bovine mammary epithelial cell lines - Alexander J. Trevarton; Emily R. Mears; Janelle Moody; Thomas J. Lopdell; Thaize Q. Chometon; John A. Taylor; Carol J. Wang; Mathew D. Littlejohn; Russell G. Snell (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2023)

Method evaluation and risk assessment: A framework for evaluating management strategies for data‐limited fisheries - Thomas R. Carruthers; Quang C. Huynh; Adrian R. Hordyk; David Newman; Anthony D. M. Smith; Keith J. Sainsbury; Kevin Stokes; Alexander Morison; David Agnew; Ana Parma; Ignacio Sobrino; Catherine Longo (Fish and Fisheries, 2023)
Fisheries managers are in need of quantitative tools to inform decisions regarding selection of robust management practices, prioritising research gaps and stocks to focus on, particularly where there are limited resources or data. To support these decisions, the use of Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE), that is, closed loop simulation‐testing of management procedures, is widely regarded as best practice. However, applying MSE is time‐ and computationally intensive, and requires highly skilled expertise and processes for stakeholder input and peer review. For data‐ and capacity‐limited fisheries, MSE may be particularly challenging to implement. Yet, these are the contexts where it is most critical to test assumptions, evaluate the implications of all sources of uncertainty and identify the most informative data sources. To facilitate wider use of MSE, the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) framework was developed as an accessible online interface, with quick processing time, focused on generic data‐limited management procedures, but allowing progression to tailored and more data‐rich methods. The framework links a quantitative questionnaire and data input standard to a flexible operating model with optional customisation via command line access to the back‐end open‐source R libraries. Here, we illustrate a case study application of MERA for the bocinegro ( Pagrus pagrus , Sparidae) fishery in the Gulf of Cadiz, where in conjunction with fishery stakeholders, a custom management procedure was developed and tested and key research gaps and data collection priorities were identified. We discuss implications for wider use of MSE in various contexts, including eco‐certification and fishery improvement projects.

Evaluating instruments for assessing healthspan: a multi-center cross-sectional study on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and frailty in the companion dog - Frances L. Chen; Tarini V. Ullal; Jessica L. Graves; Ellen R. Ratcliff; Alexander Naka; Brennen McKenzie; Tennery A. Carttar; Kaitlyn M. Super; Jessica Austriaco; Sunny Y. Weber; Julie Vaughn; Michael L. LaCroix-Fralish (GeroScience, 2023)
Developing valid tools that assess key determinants of canine healthspan such as frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQL) is essential to characterizing and understanding aging in dogs. Additionally, because the companion dog is an excellent translational model for humans, such tools can be applied to evaluate gerotherapeutics and investigate mechanisms underlying longevity in both dogs and humans. In this multi-center, cross-sectional study, we investigated the use of a clinical questionnaire (Canine Frailty Index; CFI; Banzato et al., 2019) to assess frailty and an owner assessment tool (VetMetrica HRQL) to evaluate HRQL in 451 adult companion dogs. Results demonstrated validity of the tools by confirming expectations that frailty score increases and HRQL scores deteriorate with age. CFI scores were significantly higher (higher frailty) and HRQL scores significantly lower (worse HRQL) in old dogs (≥ 7 years of age) compared to young dogs (≥ 2 and < 6 years of age). Body size (small < 11.3 kg (25 lbs) or large > 22.7 kg (50 lbs)) was not associated with CFI or total HRQL score. However, older, larger dogs showed faster age-related decline in HRQL scores specific to owner-reported activity and comfort. Findings suggest that the clinician-assessed CFI and owner-reported VetMetrica HRQL are useful tools to evaluate two determinants of healthspan in dogs: the accumulation of frailty and the progressive decline in quality of life. Establishing tools that operationalize the assessment of canine healthspan is critical for the advancement of geroscience and the development of gerotherapeutics that benefit both human and veterinary medicine. Graphical abstract

The morphology, functionality, and longevity of a novel all human hepatic cell-based tri-culture system - Jessica R. Weaver; Justin J. Odanga; Kristina K. Wolf; Stephanie Piekos; Mercedes Biven; Mitchell Taub; Jessica LaRocca; Cody Thomas; Alexander Byer-Alcorace; Jingsong Chen; Jung Bok Lee; Edward L. LeCluyse (Toxicology in Vitro, 2023)

Projecting climate change impacts from physics to fisheries: A view from three California Current fisheries - James A. Smith; Mercedes Pozo Buil; Barbara Muhling; Desiree Tommasi; Stephanie Brodie; Timothy H. Frawley; Jerome Fiechter; Stefan Koenigstein; Amber Himes-Cornell; Michael A. Alexander; Steven J. Bograd; Nathalí Cordero Quirós; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Long-chain alkenones in the lake sediments of North-Minusinsk Valley (southern Siberia): implications for paleoclimate reconstructions - Alexander O. Bulkhin; Vladimir V. Zykov; Dmitry N. Marchenko; Marsel R. Kabilov; Olga A. Baturina; Anatoly N. Boyandin; Olesya V. Anishchenko; Denis Y. Rogozin (Organic Geochemistry, 2023)

Subaqueous clinoforms created by sandy wave-supported gravity flows: Lessons from the Central California shelf - Elisa Medri; Alexander R. Simms; Jared Kluesner; Samuel Y. Johnson; Stuart P. Nishenko; H. Gary Greene; James E. Conrad (Marine Geology, 2023)

Factors shaping the tolerance of local Tibetan herders toward snow leopards - Tang Piaopiao; Kulbhushansingh R. Suryawanshi; Xiao Lingyun; Charudutt Mishra; Lu Zhi; Justine Shanti Alexander (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2023)

Hydrothermal fluorite solubility experiments and mobility of REE in acidic to alkaline solutions from 100 to 250 °C - Madison R. Payne; Alexander P. Gysi; Nicole C. Hurtig (Chemical Geology, 2023)

Circulating interleukin-37 declines with aging in healthy humans: relations to healthspan indicators and IL37 gene SNPs - Vienna E. Brunt; Akpevweoghene P. Ikoba; Brian P. Ziemba; Dov B. Ballak; Alexander Hoischen; Charles A. Dinarello; Marissa A. Ehringer; Douglas R. Seals (GeroScience, 2023)