Pervasive aqueous alteration in the early Solar System revealed by potassium isotopic variations in Ryugu samples and carbonaceous chondrites - Yan Hu; Frédéric Moynier; Wei Dai; Marine Paquet; Tetsuya Yokoyama; Yoshinari Abe; Jérôme Aléon; Conel M. O'D. Alexander; Sachiko Amari; Yuri Amelin; Ken-ichi Bajo; Martin Bizzarro; et al. (Icarus, 2024)

3D Monte-Carlo simulation of Ganymede’s atmosphere - Audrey Vorburger; Shahab Fatemi; Shane R. Carberry Mogan; André Galli; Lucas Liuzzo; Andrew R. Poppe; Lorenz Roth; Peter Wurz (Icarus, 2024)

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting plasticisers and lung function in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Thomas Boissiere-O’Neill; Wen R. Lee; Tamara L. Blake; Peter D. Sly; Dwan Vilcins (Environmental Research, 2024)

A conditional mutation in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene regulating root morphology - Deying Zeng; Brett Ford; Jaroslav Doležel; Miroslava Karafiátová; Mathew J. Hayden; Tina M. Rathjen; Timothy S. George; Lawrie K. Brown; Peter R. Ryan; Filomena A. Pettolino; Ulrike Mathesius; Emmanuel Delhaize (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2024)
Key message Characterisation and genetic mapping of a key gene defining root morphology in bread wheat. Abstract Root morphology is central to plants for the efficient uptake up of soil water and mineral nutrients. Here we describe a conditional mutant of hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) that when grown in soil with high Ca 2+ develops a larger rhizosheath accompanied with shorter roots than the wild type. In wheat, rhizosheath size is a reliable surrogate for root hair length and this was verified in the mutant which possessed longer root hairs than the wild type when grown in high Ca 2+ soil. We named the mutant Stumpy and showed it to be due to a single semi-dominant mutation. The short root phenotype at high Ca 2+ was due to reduced cellular elongation which might also explain the long root hair phenotype. Analysis of root cell walls showed that the polysaccharide composition of Stumpy roots is remodelled when grown at non-permissive (high) Ca 2+ concentrations. The mutation mapped to chromosome 7B and sequencing of the 7B chromosomes in both wild type and Stumpy identified a candidate gene underlying the Stumpy mutation. As part of the process to determine whether the candidate gene was causative, we identified wheat lines in a Cadenza TILLING population with large rhizosheaths but accompanied with normal root length. This finding illustrates the potential of manipulating the gene to disconnect root length from root hair length as a means of developing wheat lines with improved efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. The Stumpy mutant will be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that regulate root morphology in wheat.

Observations of Player (de)Selection Within a Professional UK Soccer Academy - Rich J. Kite; Mark R. Noon; Rhys Morris; Peter Mundy; Neil D. Clarke (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2024)

Genotyping of European Toxoplasma gondii strains by a new high-resolution next-generation sequencing-based method - M. Joeres; P. Maksimov; D. Höper; S. Calvelage; R. Calero-Bernal; M. Fernández-Escobar; B. Koudela; R. Blaga; M. Globokar Vrhovec; K. Stollberg; N. Bier; S. Sotiraki; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2024)
Purpose A new high-resolution next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method was established to type closely related European type II Toxoplasma gondii strains. Methods T. gondii field isolates were collected from different parts of Europe and assessed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In comparison to ME49 (a type II reference strain), highly polymorphic regions (HPRs) were identified, showing a considerable number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After confirmation by Sanger sequencing, 18 HPRs were used to design a primer panel for multiplex PCR to establish a multilocus Ion AmpliSeq typing method. Toxoplasma gondii isolates and T. gondii present in clinical samples were typed with the new method. The sensitivity of the method was tested with serially diluted reference DNA samples. Results Among type II specimens, the method could differentiate the same number of haplotypes as the reference standard, microsatellite (MS) typing. Passages of the same isolates and specimens originating from abortion outbreaks were identified as identical. In addition, seven different genotypes, two atypical and two recombinant specimens were clearly distinguished from each other by the method. Furthermore, almost all SNPs detected by the Ion AmpliSeq method corresponded to those expected based on WGS. By testing serially diluted DNA samples, the method exhibited a similar analytical sensitivity as MS typing. Conclusion The new method can distinguish different T. gondii genotypes and detect intra-genotype variability among European type II T. gondii strains. Furthermore, with WGS data additional target regions can be added to the method to potentially increase typing resolution.

Quantifying the influence of tree species richness on community drought resistance using drone-derived NDVI and ground-based measures of Plant Area Index and leaf chlorophyll in a young tree diversity experiment - Peter Hajek; Martin Mörsdorf; Kyle R. Kovach; Konrad Greinwald; Laura Rose; Charles A. Nock; Michael Scherer-Lorenzen (European Journal of Forest Research, 2024)
Tree diversity may buffer the negative impact of drought events according to the diversity insurance hypothesis. During the extreme pan-European drought of 2018, we tested whether tree species richness modulated drought impacts on communities of a young tree diversity experiment in Freiburg, Germany. We utilized drone-based hyperspectral images to capture early symptoms of drought stress indicated by variation in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and ground-based measures that are indicative of tree canopy function, including Plant Area Index (PAI) and leaf chlorophyll content (Chl). Measures were taken the fifth growing season after planting on six broadleaved and six conifer species originating from Europe and North America in monocultures, two-, four- and six-species mixtures. NDVI decreased successively in response to the summer drought. In contrast to our expectation, tree species richness did not reduce declines in NDVI at the plot level. NDVI values were generally lower in six-species mixtures, compared to monocultures or two-species mixtures, which may be indicative of antagonistic tree species interactions in mixtures of high diversity. Changes in PAI in response to the drought were similar to changes in NDVI; however, modeled differences in PAI between mixtures were not statistically significant. Chl initially decreased, but recovered within a period of two months following the drought. Remotely sensed NDVI facilitated monitoring of the drought response of our large field experiment and could aid in monitoring canopy health in response to extreme drought events. Our observations suggest that NDVI responses are likely more strongly related to leaf shedding within tree canopies than decreases in Chl. Tree stands with a high abundance of deciduous trees may therefore be especially sensitive in triggering NDVI changes in response to drought during the stages leading up to tree mortality. Future studies of drought-related canopy responses should include monitoring of leaf shedding as well as the Chl of shed leaves.

Perceived naturalness predicts public support for sustainable protein technology - Sarah Gonzalez Coffin; Waverly Eichhorst; Amanda R. Carrico; Yoel Inbar; Peter Newton; Leaf Van Boven (Climatic Change, 2024)

Predicting spring phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests: NEON phenology forecasting community challenge - Kathryn I. Wheeler; Michael C. Dietze; David LeBauer; Jody A. Peters; Andrew D. Richardson; Arun A. Ross; R. Quinn Thomas; Kai Zhu; Uttam Bhat; Stephan Munch; Raphaela Floreani Buzbee; Min Chen; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024)

A framework to support the identification of critical habitat for wide-ranging species at risk under climate change - Lionel Leston; Francisco V. Dénes; Teegan D. S. Docherty; Junior A. Tremblay; Yan Boulanger; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Diana Stralberg; Peter Sólymos; Samuel Haché; Kathy St. Laurent; Russ Weeber; Bruno Drolet; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)
To recover species at risk, it is necessary to identify habitat critical to their recovery. Challenges for species with large ranges (thousands of square kilometres) include delineating management unit boundaries within which habitat use differs from other units, along with assessing any differences among units in amounts of and threats to habitat over time. We developed a reproducible framework to support identification of critical habitat for wide-ranging species at risk. The framework (i) reviews species distribution and life history; (ii) delineates management units across the range; (iii) evaluates and compares current and (iv) potential future habitat and population size and (v) prioritizes areas within management units based on current and future conditions under various scenarios of climate change and land-use. We used Canada Warbler ( Cardellina canadensis ) and Wood Thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina ) in Canada as case studies. Using geographically weighted regression models and cluster analysis to measure spatial variation in model coefficients, we found geographic differences in habitat association only for Canada Warbler. Using other models to predict current habitat amount for each species in different management units, then future habitat amount under land use and climate change, we projected that: (1) Canada Warbler populations would decrease in Alberta but increase in Nova Scotia and (2) Wood Thrush populations would increase under most scenarios run in Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, but not in Ontario. By comparing results from future scenarios and spatial prioritization exercises, our framework supports identification of critical habitat in ways that incorporate climate and land-use projections.

Complete sequence and genome characterization of miscanthus virus M, a new betaflexivirus from Miscanthus sp. - Peter Abrahamian; Samuel Grinstead; Gary R. Kinard; Ricardo Goenaga; Philippe Rott; Dimitre Mollov (Archives of Virology, 2024)

Megafire: An ambiguous and emotive term best avoided by science - Cathelijne R. Stoof; Jasper R. de Vries; Marc Castellnou Ribau; Mariña F. Fernández; David Flores; Julissa Galarza Villamar; Nicholas Kettridge; Desmond Lartey; Peter F. Moore; Fiona Newman Thacker; Susan J. Prichard; Pepijn Tersmette; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Background As fire regimes are changing and wildfire disasters are becoming more frequent, the term megafire is increasingly used to describe impactful wildfires, under multiple meanings, both in academia and popular media. This has resulted in a highly ambiguous concept. Approach We analysed the use of the term ‘megafire’ in popular media to determine its origin, its developments over time, and its meaning in the public sphere. We subsequently discuss how relative the term ‘mega’ is, and put this in the context of an analysis of Portuguese and global data on fire size distribution. Results We found that ‘megafire’ originated in the popular news media over 20 years before it appeared in science. Megafire is used in a diversity of languages, considers landscape fires as well as urban fires, and has a variety of meanings in addition to size. What constitutes ‘mega’ is relative and highly context‐dependent in space and time, given variation in landscape, climate, and anthropogenic controls, and as revealed in examples from the Netherlands, Portugal and the Global Fire Atlas. Moreover, fire size does not equate to fire impact. Conclusion Given the diverse meanings of megafire in the popular media, we argue that redefining megafire in science potentially leads to greater disparity between science and practice. Megafire is widely used as an emotive term that is best left for popular media. For those wanting to use it in science, what constitutes a megafire should be defined by the context in which it is used, not by a metric of one‐size‐fits‐all.

Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition - Elise Bouchard; Eric B. Searle; Pierre Drapeau; Jingjing Liang; Javier G. P. Gamarra; Meinrad Abegg; Giorgio Alberti; Angelica Almeyda Zambrano; Esteban Alvarez‐Davila; Luciana F. Alves; Valerio Avitabile; Gerardo Aymard; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024)
Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Understanding temporal variability across trophic levels and spatial scales in freshwater ecosystems - Tadeu Siqueira; Charles P. Hawkins; Julian D. Olden; Jonathan Tonkin; Lise Comte; Victor S. Saito; Thomas L. Anderson; Gedimar P. Barbosa; Núria Bonada; Claudia C. Bonecker; Miguel Cañedo‐Argüelles; Thibault Datry; et al. (Ecology, 2024)
A tenet of ecology is that temporal variability in ecological structure and processes tends to decrease with increasing spatial scales (from locales to regions) and levels of biological organization (from populations to communities). However, patterns in temporal variability across trophic levels and the mechanisms that produce them remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed the abundance time series of spatially structured communities (i.e., metacommunities) spanning basal resources to top predators from 355 freshwater sites across three continents. Specifically, we used a hierarchical partitioning method to disentangle the propagation of temporal variability in abundance across spatial scales and trophic levels. We then used structural equation modeling to determine if the strength and direction of relationships between temporal variability, synchrony, biodiversity, and environmental and spatial settings depended on trophic level and spatial scale. We found that temporal variability in abundance decreased from producers to tertiary consumers but did so mainly at the local scale. Species population synchrony within sites increased with trophic level, whereas synchrony among communities decreased. At the local scale, temporal variability in precipitation and species diversity were associated with population variability (linear partial coefficient, β = 0.23) and population synchrony (β = −0.39) similarly across trophic levels, respectively. At the regional scale, community synchrony was not related to climatic or spatial predictors, but the strength of relationships between metacommunity variability and community synchrony decreased systematically from top predators (β = 0.73) to secondary consumers (β = 0.54), to primary consumers (β = 0.30) to producers (β = 0). Our results suggest that mobile predators may often stabilize metacommunities by buffering variability that originates at the base of food webs. This finding illustrates that the trophic structure of metacommunities, which integrates variation in organismal body size and its correlates, should be considered when investigating ecological stability in natural systems. More broadly, our work advances the notion that temporal stability is an emergent property of ecosystems that may be threatened in complex ways by biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation.

Kelp dynamics and environmental drivers in the southern Salish Sea, British Columbia, Canada - Alejandra Mora-Soto; Sarah Schroeder; Lianna Gendall; Alena Wachmann; Gita R. Narayan; Silven Read; Isobel Pearsall; Emily Rubidge; Joanne Lessard; Kathryn Martell; Peter Wills; Maycira Costa (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2024)
The impacts of local-scale temperatures and winds on bull kelp ( Nereocystis luetkeana ) vary along a coastal gradient, while also being influenced by corresponding global-scale oceanic conditions. Around Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands, BC, Canada, bull kelp floating canopies were mapped using high-resolution imagery from 2005 to 2022, whereas the largest kelp bed of the area was mapped with medium-resolution imagery spanning from 1972 to 2022. In order to understand spatial patterns of kelp resilience, the abiotic characteristics were used to organize the coastline into four clusters, ranging from the coldest and most exposed coast to a more sheltered and warmer location. Additionally, local-scale sea surface temperatures, winds, and marine heatwaves were categorized by global-scale temporal conditions defined by the positive/negative oceanic oscillations of the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Comparing spatial and temporal categories, we observed that years with positive ONI and PDO, in particular the 2014–2019 period, concentrated most of the marine heatwaves and the spring temperature peaks. However, there are some indications of an underlying long-term trend. During the period 2020–2022, when ONI and PDO were negative, summer temperatures kept increasing and wind displayed a higher frequency of extreme events. Mapped kelp showed different trends to these stressors: the coldest and most exposed area showed a constant presence of kelp during the entire period, even dating back to 1972. Warmer and semi-sheltered coasts increased in kelp percentage cover after the positive ONI+PDO period of 2014–2019, and the coasts facing the Strait of Georgia displayed a lower kelp percentage cover than the other clusters. In summary, bull kelp was resilient in the study area, but for different reasons: colder and more exposed coasts had the most favorable conditions for kelp, but warmer and more sheltered coastal kelp beds may have benefited from wind-wave forcing.

First Report of Vibrio vulnificus Outbreak in Farm-Raised Sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) from Brazil - Peter C. Janampa-Sarmiento; Francisco Y. T. Reis; Renata C. Egger; Santiago B. de Pádua; Sóstenes A. C. Marcelino; João L. R. Cunha; Felipe Pierezan; Henrique C. P. Figueiredo; Guilherme C. Tavares (Fishes, 2024)
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and exhibits pathogenic behavior in several aquaculture fish species. To date, in Brazil, there are no reports of V. vulnificus outbreaks in farmed fish. However, in 2019, sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) in the grow-out phase with clinical signs and cumulative mortality of 40% was registered. We aimed to identify and characterize the etiological agents of this outbreak. Seven moribund fish were sampled for bacteriological studies, and isolates were obtained from the brain and kidneys. Bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) revealed V. vulnificus. One isolate, RP4, was used for identification via dnaJ and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation. Sorubim juveniles were experimentally challenged with RP4 isolate via intracelomic injection (IC, 107 colony-forming units [CFU] fish−1) and immersion bath (IB, 106 CFU mL−1 for 30 min). Identities to V. vulnificus of dnaJ and 16S rRNA genes by BLAST analysis were higher than 92% and 98%, respectively. Susceptibility to oxytetracycline, florfenicol, and other antimicrobial molecules was also observed. In the IC-challenged group, the mortality rate was 100% with V. vulnificus recovered from fish organs (brain, liver, spleen, and kidney). Additionally, splenic endothelium alterations were observed in the IC group. On the contrary, the control and IB groups did not develop any clinical signs, mortality, or bacterial recovery after 7 days of challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic V. vulnificus in farmed Pseudoplatystoma sp.

The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome Scale in Spinocerebellar Ataxias - Louisa P. Selvadurai; Susan L. Perlman; Tetsuo Ashizawa; George R. Wilmot; Chiadi U. Onyike; Liana S. Rosenthal; Vikram G. Shakkottai; Henry L. Paulson; Sub H. Subramony; Khalaf O. Bushara; Sheng-Han Kuo; Cameron Dietiker; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2024)

Microaerobic methane-driven denitrification in a biotrickle bed – Investigating the active microbial biofilm community composition using RNA-stable isotope probing - Emmanuel O. Egbadon; Kathryn Wigley; Sunday T. Nwoba; Carlo R. Carere; Louise Weaver; Kim Baronian; Lee Burbery; Peter A. Gostomski (Chemosphere, 2024)

Efficacy evaluation of apple sunburn mitigation techniques in WA 38 cultivar using crop physiology sensing system - Rakesh Ranjan; Basavaraj R. Amogi; Abhilash K. Chandel; Lav R. Khot; Bernardita V. Sallato; R. Troy Peters (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024)

Mother trees, altruistic fungi, and the perils of plant personification - David G. Robinson; Christian Ammer; Andrea Polle; Jürgen Bauhus; Roni Aloni; Peter Annighöfer; Tobias I. Baskin; Michael R. Blatt; Andreas Bolte; Harald Bugmann; Jerry D. Cohen; Peter J. Davies; et al. (Trends in Plant Science, 2024)

A horizon scan of global biological conservation issues for 2024 - William J. Sutherland; Craig Bennett; Peter N.M. Brotherton; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Holly M. Butterworth; Stewart J. Clarke; Nafeesa Esmail; Erica Fleishman; Kevin J. Gaston; James E. Herbert-Read; Alice C. Hughes; Jennifer James; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2024)

Aquatic thresholds for ionisable substances, such as diclofenac, should consider pH-specific differences in uptake and toxicity - Alexandra Kroll; Peter C. von der Ohe; Heinz-R. Köhler; Odile Sellier; Marion Junghans (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

Habitat structure shapes temperate reef assemblages across regional environmental gradients - Tim Jackson-Bué; Ally J. Evans; Peter J. Lawrence; Paul R. Brooks; Sophie L. Ward; Stuart R. Jenkins; Pippa J. Moore; Tasman P. Crowe; Simon P. Neill; Andrew J. Davies (Science of The Total Environment, 2024)

To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? - Antony M. Knights; Anaëlle J. Lemasson; Louise B. Firth; Nicola Beaumont; Silvana Birchenough; Jeremy Claisse; Joop W.P. Coolen; Andrea Copping; Michela De Dominicis; Steven Degraer; Michael Elliott; Paul G. Fernandes; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2024)

Intraspecific genetic lineages of a marine mussel show behavioural divergence when exposed to microplastic leachates - Lorenzo Cozzolino; Katy R. Nicastro; Peter C. Hubbard; Laurent Seuront; Christopher D. McQuaid; Gerardo I. Zardi (Environmental Pollution, 2024)

Meeting the costs of decarbonising industry – The potential effects on prices and competitiveness (a case study of the UK) - Samuel J.G. Cooper; Stephen R. Allen; Ahmed Gailani; Jonathan B. Norman; Anne Owen; John Barrett; Peter Taylor (Energy Policy, 2024)

Periodic Bedrock Ridges at Oxia Planum and Chryse Planitia, Mars: Evidence for widespread aeolian erosion of an ancient surface by regional paleowinds - Elena A. Favaro; Matthew R. Balme; Joseph D. McNeil; Peter Fawdon; Joel M. Davis; Peter M. Grindrod; Stephen R. Lewis (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2024)

On the Relationship Between Aquatic CO2 Concentration and Ecosystem Fluxes in Some of the World’s Key Wetland Types - Jessica L. Richardson; Ankur R. Desai; Jonathan Thom; Kim Lindgren; Hjalmar Laudon; Matthias Peichl; Mats Nilsson; Audrey Campeau; Järvi Järveoja; Peter Hawman; Deepak R. Mishra; Dontrece Smith; et al. (Wetlands, 2024)

Randomized controlled trial of propranolol on social communication and anxiety in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder - David Q. Beversdorf; Bradley Ferguson; Samantha Hunter; Kathy Hirst; Bridget Lolli; Katherine R. Bellesheim; Amy U. Barton; Julie Muckerman; Nicole Takahashi; Kimberly Selders; Ryan Holem; Kristin Sohl; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2024)

Sit and survive: predation avoidance by cryptobenthic coral reef fishes - Michalis Mihalitsis; David R. Bellwood; Peter C. Wainwright (Marine Biology, 2024)

Opportunistic observations of reproductive mode, larval settlement and development of a New Zealand deep-sea stony coral, Goniocorella dumosa - Jennifer C. Beaumont; Graeme Moss; Di Tracey; Rhian G. Waller; Vonda J. Cummings; Peter Marriott; Malcolm R. Clark (Marine Biology, 2024)

Design Charts for Jointed Rock Slopes Susceptible to Slide-Head Toppling Failure - Abdul Samson; Victor Mwango Bowa; Peter R. K. Chileshe; Sydney Chinyanta (Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2024)

Critical hydrologic impacts from climate change: addressing an urgent global need - Jim Falk; Peter H. Gleick; Shinichiro Asayama; Faten Attig-Bahar; Swadin Behera; Joachim von Braun; Rita R. Colwell; Ashok K. Chapagain; Adel S. El-Beltagy; Charles F. Kennel; Masahide Kimoto; Toshio Koike; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2024)

Climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration in working lands: A reality check - Gabriel Y. K. Moinet; Ronald Amundson; Marcelo V. Galdos; Peter R. Grace; Stephan M. Haefele; Renske Hijbeek; Jan Willem Van Groenigen; Kees Jan Van Groenigen; David S. Powlson (Global Change Biology, 2024)

Investigating tritrophic interactions using bioenergetic demographic models - Gioele Passoni; Tim Coulson; Francesca Cagnacci; Peter Hudson; Daniel R. Stahler; Douglas W. Smith; Shelly Lachish (Ecology, 2024)
A central debate in ecology has been the long‐running discussion on the role of apex predators in affecting the abundance and dynamics of their prey. In terrestrial systems, research has primarily relied on correlational approaches, due to the challenge of implementing robust experiments with replication and appropriate controls. A consequence of this is that we largely suffer from a lack of mechanistic understanding of the population dynamics of interacting species, which can be surprisingly complex. Mechanistic models offer an opportunity to examine the causes and consequences of some of this complexity. We present a bioenergetic mechanistic model of a tritrophic system where the primary vegetation resource follows a seasonal growth function, and the herbivore and carnivore species are modeled using two integral projection models (IPMs) with body mass as the phenotypic trait. Within each IPM, the demographic functions are structured according to bioenergetic principles, describing how animals acquire and transform resources into body mass, energy reserves, and breeding potential. We parameterize this model to reproduce the population dynamics of grass, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park (USA) and investigate the impact of wolf reintroduction on the system. Our model generated predictions that closely matched the observed population sizes of elk and wolf in Yellowstone prior to and following wolf reintroduction. The introduction of wolves into our basal grass–elk bioenergetic model resulted in a population of 99 wolves and a reduction in elk numbers by 61% (from 14,948 to 5823) at equilibrium. In turn, vegetation biomass increased by approximately 25% in the growing season and more than threefold in the nongrowing season. The addition of wolves to the model caused the elk population to switch from being food‐limited to being predator‐limited and had a stabilizing effect on elk numbers across different years. Wolf predation also led to a shift in the phenotypic composition of the elk population via a small increase in elk average body mass. Our model represents a novel approach to the study of predator–prey interactions, and demonstrates that explicitly considering and linking bioenergetics, population demography and body mass phenotypes can provide novel insights into the mechanisms behind complex ecosystem processes.

Astaxanthin and meclizine extend lifespan in UM-HET3 male mice; fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate do not significantly affect lifespan in either sex at the doses and schedules used - David E. Harrison; Randy Strong; Peter Reifsnyder; Nadia Rosenthal; Ron Korstanje; Elizabeth Fernandez; Kevin Flurkey; Brett C. Ginsburg; Meredith D. Murrell; Martin A. Javors; Marisa Lopez-Cruzan; James F. Nelson; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
In genetically heterogeneous (UM-HET3) mice produced by the CByB6F1 × C3D2F1 cross, the Nrf2 activator astaxanthin (Asta) extended the median male lifespan by 12% ( p = 0.003, log-rank test), while meclizine (Mec), an mTORC1 inhibitor, extended the male lifespan by 8% ( p = 0.03). Asta was fed at 1840 ± 520 (9) ppm and Mec at 544 ± 48 (9) ppm, stated as mean ± SE ( n ) of independent diet preparations. Both were started at 12 months of age. The 90th percentile lifespan for both treatments was extended in absolute value by 6% in males, but neither was significant by the Wang–Allison test. Five other new agents were also tested as follows: fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate. None of these increased lifespan significantly at the dose and method of administration tested in either sex. Amounts of dimethyl fumarate in the diet averaged 35% of the target dose, which may explain the absence of lifespan effects. Body weight was not significantly affected in males by any of the test agents. Late life weights were lower in females fed Asta and Mec, but lifespan was not significantly affected in these females. The male-specific lifespan benefits from Asta and Mec may provide insights into sex-specific aspects of aging.

World war munitions as a source of mercury in the southwest Baltic Sea - Kathleen J. Gosnell; Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida; Aaron J. Beck; Peter R. Ukotije-Ikwut; Eric P. Achterberg (Chemosphere, 2023)

Are offshore platforms a good candidate to restore functional diversity of reef fish communities in the Arabian Gulf? - Rodrigo Riera; Felipe Torquato; Pedro Range; Radhouan Ben-Hamadou; Peter R. Møller; Víctor M. Tuset (Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2023)

Stressors of primary productivity in the north Indian ocean revealed by satellite, reanalysis and CMIP6 data - N. Sunanda; J. Kuttippurath; A. Chakraborty; R. Peter (Progress in Oceanography, 2023)

Sediment analysis and historical context of the 2018 Palu-Donggala tsunami deposit, Indonesia - Jędrzej M. Majewski; Adam D. Switzer; Rachel Y.S. Guan; Benazir Benazir; Ella Meilianda; Peter R. Parham; Robert Weiss; Stacey S. Martin; Lillian K. Pearson; Jessica E. Pilarczyk; Patrick Daly; Benjamin P. Horton (Marine Geology, 2023)

Low temperature and high pressure dramatically thicken the gas hydrate stability zone in rapidly formed sedimentary basins - Alexey Portnov; Peter B. Flemings; Kehua You; Kevin Meazell; Michael R. Hudec; Dallas B. Dunlap (Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023)

Choanocyte dimensions and pumping rates in the demosponge Halichondria panicea - Hans Ulrik Riisgård; Rachael A. Kealy; Josephine Goldstein; Jonathan R. Brewer; Vita Solovyeva; Peter Funch (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2023)

Loss of research and operational equipment in Antarctica: Balancing scientific advances with environmental impact - Kevin A. Hughes; Claire P. Boyle; Kate Morley-Hurst; Laura Gerrish; Steve R. Colwell; Peter Convey (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Examining the effects of soil entrainment during nuclear cloud rise on fallout predictions using a multiscale atmospheric modeling framework - Katherine A. Lundquist; Robert S. Arthur; Stephanie Neuscamman; Joseph P. Morris; Christian R. Scullard; Andrew W. Cook; Nathan G. Wimer; Peter Goldstein; Gregory D. Spriggs; Lee G. Glascoe; John S. Nasstrom (Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2023)

Associations between air pollution, residential greenness, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in three prospective cohorts of U.S. adults - Melissa R. Fiffer; Huichu Li; Hari S. Iyer; Rachel C. Nethery; Qi Sun; Peter James; Jeff D. Yanosky; Joel D. Kaufman; Jaime E. Hart; Francine Laden (Environmental Research, 2023)

Cryopreservation of Anopheles stephensi (MOSQUITO) EGGS: EFFECTS ON GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS - Morgan Douglas; Ehud Inbar; Igor Sharakov; Najib M. El-Sayed; Ashton T. Belew; James Overby; Steve Matheny; Fantahun Addisu; Yonas Abebe; Dimitri Koutzoumis; Kerri Springer; Abraham Eappen; et al. (Cryobiology, 2023)

Product stewardship scheme for solar photovoltaic panels - Peter Majewski; Pablo R. Dias (Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2023)

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes - Sheel Bansal; Irena F. Creed; Brian A. Tangen; Scott D. Bridgham; Ankur R. Desai; Ken W. Krauss; Scott C. Neubauer; Gregory B. Noe; Donald O. Rosenberry; Carl Trettin; Kimberly P. Wickland; Scott T. Allen; et al. (Wetlands, 2023)
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.

Single nucleotide polymorphism rs527236194 of the cytochrome B gene (MT-CYB) is associated with alterations in sperm parameters - Yulia Yu. Gromenko; Kamil S. Galimov; Irina R. Gilyazova; Elmira F. Galimova; Kirill V. Bulygin; Sergey N. Ryagin; Shamil N. Galimov; Peter F. Litvitskiy; Gennadii A. Piavchenko; Valentin N. Pavlov (Molecular Biology Reports, 2023)

Exploring the potential of algae-bacteria interactions in the biocontrol of the marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus - Breanna Osborne; Nachshon Siboni; Justin R. Seymour; Peter Ralph; Mathieu Pernice (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2023)
The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related food poisoning worldwide and a pathogen of marine species harvested in aquaculture. An outbreak of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus within crustacean and bi-valve aquaculture facilities often results in significant loss of farmed product and in the spread of the pathogen into the human population. Evidence shows several marine bacteria and microalgae species have antibacterial effects against marine pathogens, including V. parahaemolyticus . This study explored the potential of combining possible mutualistic species as a consortium to enhance antibacterial properties against V. parahaemolyticus . Marine bacteria and microalgae were screened with the aim of identifying those able to successfully coexist while demonstrating growth suppression of multiple V. parahaemolyticus strains. This trial involved four screening phases to find effective inhibitor species and to gain insight into species-specific influences on cell growth. The combination of Tetraselmis sp. and Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica achieved the greatest inhibition rate of V. parahaemolyticus of all combinations. This pairing resulted in the significant reduction of up to 24 ± 15% in Vibrio sp. copy number mL −1 day −1 in two of the five examined V. parahaemolyticus strains within five days, compared to control cultures absent of probiotic bacteria. Applying probiotic consortia such as this has the potential for use as a biocontrol technique within mariculture, but it will require additional research into the self-sustainability of successful consortia in natural aquatic conditions.

Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus obtained from Mawenzi live bird market in Morogoro, Tanzania in 2020–2021 - John B. Tsaxra; Celia Abolnik; Terra R. Kelly; Augustino A. Chengula; James R. Mushi; Peter L. M. Msoffe; Amandus P. Muhairwa; Thandeka Phiri; Rachel Jude; Nadira Chouicha; Esther L. Mollel; Huaijun Zhou; et al. (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2023)
Newcastle disease (ND) is among the most important poultry diseases worldwide. It is the major threat to poultry production in Africa and causes major economic losses for both local and commercial chickens. To date, half of ND class II genotypes have been reported in Africa (I, IV, V, VI, VII, XI, XIII, XIV, XVII, XVIII, and XXI). The information on the circulating NDV genotypes is still scarce despite the endemic nature of ND in most countries on the African continent.A total of 659 oro-cloacal swabs were collected from local chickens in Mawenzi live bird market located in Morogoro, Tanzania, between June 2020 and May 2021. Newcastle disease virus was detected by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and conventional PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. The prevalence of NDV in the surveilled live bird markets was 23.5%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of sub-genotype VII.2. The detected sub-genotype VII.2 has phylogenetic links to Zambian NDV strains implying a Southeast dissemination of the virus, considering that it was first detected in Mozambique. This study underscores the need of active NDV surveillance to determine the distribution of this NDV genotype in the country and monitor its spread and contribution to the emergence of new ND viruses.

Collective and harmonized high throughput barcoding of insular arthropod biodiversity: Toward a Genomic Observatories Network for islands - Brent C. Emerson; Paulo A. V. Borges; Pedro Cardoso; Peter Convey; Jeremy R. deWaard; Evan P. Economo; Rosemary G. Gillespie; Susan Kennedy; Henrik Krehenwinkel; Rudolf Meier; George K. Roderick; Dominique Strasberg; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Current understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is heavily shaped by empirical data from plants and birds, although arthropods comprise the overwhelming majority of known animal species, and as such can provide key insights into processes governing biodiversity. Novel high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches are now emerging as powerful tools to overcome limitations in the availability of arthropod biodiversity data, and hence provide insights into these processes. Here, we explored how these tools might be most effectively exploited for comprehensive and comparable inventory and monitoring of insular arthropod biodiversity. We first reviewed the strengths, limitations and potential synergies among existing approaches of high throughput barcode sequencing. We considered how this could be complemented with deep learning approaches applied to image analysis to study arthropod biodiversity. We then explored how these approaches could be implemented within the framework of an island Genomic Observatories Network (iGON) for the advancement of fundamental and applied understanding of island biodiversity. To this end, we identified seven island biology themes at the interface of ecology, evolution and conservation biology, within which collective and harmonized efforts in HTS arthropod inventory could yield significant advances in island biodiversity research.

Accounting for herbaceous communities in process‐based models will advance our understanding of “grassy” ecosystems - Kevin R. Wilcox; Anping Chen; Meghan L. Avolio; Ethan E. Butler; Scott Collins; Rosie Fisher; Trevor Keenan; Nancy Y. Kiang; Alan K. Knapp; Sally E. Koerner; Lara Kueppers; Guopeng Liang; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Grassland and other herbaceous communities cover significant portions of Earth's terrestrial surface and provide many critical services, such as carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and food production. Forecasts of global change impacts on these services will require predictive tools, such as process‐based dynamic vegetation models. Yet, model representation of herbaceous communities and ecosystems lags substantially behind that of tree communities and forests. The limited representation of herbaceous communities within models arises from two important knowledge gaps: first, our empirical understanding of the principles governing herbaceous vegetation dynamics is either incomplete or does not provide mechanistic information necessary to drive herbaceous community processes with models; second, current model structure and parameterization of grass and other herbaceous plant functional types limits the ability of models to predict outcomes of competition and growth for herbaceous vegetation. In this review, we provide direction for addressing these gaps by: (1) presenting a brief history of how vegetation dynamics have been developed and incorporated into earth system models, (2) reporting on a model simulation activity to evaluate current model capability to represent herbaceous vegetation dynamics and ecosystem function, and (3) detailing several ecological properties and phenomena that should be a focus for both empiricists and modelers to improve representation of herbaceous vegetation in models. Together, empiricists and modelers can improve representation of herbaceous ecosystem processes within models. In so doing, we will greatly enhance our ability to forecast future states of the earth system, which is of high importance given the rapid rate of environmental change on our planet.

Multi-modal MRI of hippocampal morphometry and connectivity after pediatric severe TBI - Jose M. Guerrero-Gonzalez; Gregory R. Kirk; Rasmus Birn; Erin D. Bigler; Katherine Bowen; Aimee T. Broman; Bedda L. Rosario; Warwick Butt; Sue R. Beers; Michael J. Bell; Andrew L. Alexander; Peter A. Ferrazzano; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2023)
This investigation explores memory performance using the California Verbal Learning Test in relation to morphometric and connectivity measures of the memory network in severe traumatic brain injury. Twenty-two adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury were recruited for multimodal MRI scanning 1–2 years post-injury at 13 participating sites. Analyses included hippocampal volume derived from anatomical T1-weighted imaging, fornix white matter microstructure from diffusion tensor imaging, and hippocampal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity as well as diffusion-based structural connectivity. A typically developing control cohort of forty-nine age-matched children also underwent scanning and neurocognitive assessment. Results showed hippocampus volume was decreased in traumatic brain injury with respect to controls. Further, hippocampal volume loss was associated with worse performance on memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Similarly, hippocampal fornix fractional anisotropy was reduced in traumatic brain injury with respect to controls, while decreased fractional anisotropy in the hippocampal fornix also was associated with worse performance on memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Additionally, reduced structural connectivity of left hippocampus to thalamus and calcarine sulcus was associated with memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. Functional connectivity in the left hippocampal network was also associated with memory and learning in traumatic brain injury subjects. These regional findings from a multi-modal neuroimaging approach should not only be useful for gaining valuable insight into traumatic brain injury induced memory and learning disfunction, but may also be informative for monitoring injury progression, recovery, and for developing rehabilitation as well as therapy strategies.

Editorial: Syngnathid fishes: biology, ecology, physiology, conservation and innovative rearing techniques - Miquel Planas; Michele Gristina; Jorge Palma; Geng Qin; Emily Rose; Olivia Roth; Peter R. Teske (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)

Topological Data Analysis Captures Task-Driven fMRI Profiles in Individual Participants: A Classification Pipeline Based on Persistence - Michael J. Catanzaro; Sam Rizzo; John Kopchick; Asadur Chowdury; David R. Rosenberg; Peter Bubenik; Vaibhav A. Diwadkar (Neuroinformatics, 2023)

Fuelling phytoremediation: gasoline degradation by green wall systems—a case study - Stephen Matheson; Robert Fleck; Thomas Lockwood; Raissa L Gill; Peter J Irga; Fraser R Torpy (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)
The capacity for indoor plants including green wall systems to remove specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is well documented in the literature; however under realistic settings, indoor occupants are exposed to a complex mixture of harmful compounds sourced from various emission sources. Gasoline vapour is one of the key sources of these emissions, with several studies demonstrating that indoor occupants in areas surrounding gasoline stations or with residentially attached garages are exposed to far higher concentrations of harmful VOCs. Here we assess the potential of a commercial small passive green wall system, commercially named the ‘LivePicture Go’ from Ambius P/L, Australia, to drawdown VOCs that comprise gasoline vapour, including total VOC (TVOC) removal and specific removal of individual speciated VOCs over time. An 8-h TVOC removal efficiency of 42.45% was achieved, along with the complete removal of eicosane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene, and hexadecane. Further, the green wall also effectively reduced concentrations of a range of harmful benzene derivatives and other VOCs. These results demonstrate the potential of botanical systems to simultaneously remove a wide variety of VOCs, although future research is needed to improve upon and ensure efficiency of these systems over time and within practical applications.

Fish avoidance of ships during acoustic surveys tested with quiet uncrewed surface vessels - Thomas M. Evans; Lars G. Rudstam; Suresh A. Sethi; David M. Warner; S. Dale Hanson; Benjamin Turschak; Steven A. Farha; Andrew R. Barnard; Daniel L. Yule; Mark R. DuFour; Timothy P. O’Brien; Kevin N. McDonnell; et al. (Fisheries Research, 2023)

Evidence for the weather-driven deterioration of ageing transportation earthworks in the UK - Kevin M. Briggs; Peter R. Helm; Joel A. Smethurst; Alister Smith; Ross Stirling; Aleksandra Svalova; Yuderka Trinidad González; Fleur A. Loveridge; Stephanie Glendinning (Transportation Geotechnics, 2023)

Identification and quantification of Acanthamoeba spp. within seawater at four coastal lagoons on the east coast of Australia - Binod Rayamajhee; Nathan L.R. Williams; Nachshon Siboni; Kiri Rodgers; Mark Willcox; Fiona L. Henriquez; Justin R. Seymour; Jaimie Potts; Colin Johnson; Peter Scanes; Nicole Carnt (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

A synthesis of the Peruvian Coastal Batholith: An exploration of temporal histories, causes of compositional diversity, and tectonomagmatic links in arcs - Ana María Martínez-Ardila; Lance Pompe; Benjamin L. Clausen; Scott R. Paterson; Gregory J. Holk; Peter Luffi (Lithos, 2023)

Passive remediation of mine waters from Parys Mountain (Wales): Laboratory column experiments - Ricardo Millán-Becerro; Carlos R. Cánovas; Francisco Macías; Tobias S. Roetting; Louise Siddorn; Peter Stanley; José Miguel Nieto (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023)

Societal benefits of floodplains in the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River watersheds: Sediment, nutrient, and flood regulation ecosystem services - Kristina G. Hopkins; Jacqueline S. Welles; Emily J. Pindilli; Gregory B. Noe; Peter R. Claggett; Labeeb Ahmed; Marina J. Metes (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Groundwater vulnerability assessment to pollution using GIS-based DRASTIC and GOD methods in Araihazar upazila of Narayanganj district, Bangladesh - Muhammad Abu Sayed; A.S.M. Maksud Kamal; Abrar Hossain; Mahmudul Hasan; Mahfuzur R Khan; Kazi Matin Uddin Ahmed; Peter S.K. Knappett (Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2023)

Minute level smartphone derived exposure to greenness and consumer wearable derived physical activity in a cohort of US women - Grete E. Wilt; Charlotte J. Roscoe; Cindy R. Hu; Unnati V. Mehta; Brent A. Coull; Jaime E. Hart; Steven Gortmaker; Francine Laden; Peter James (Environmental Research, 2023)

Nitrogen leaching under alternative forages grazed by sheep - Sarmini Maheswaran; Lydia M. Cranston; James P. Millner; David J. Horne; James A. Hanly; Paul R. Kenyon; Peter D. Kemp (European Journal of Agronomy, 2023)

The stability of cratons is controlled by lithospheric thickness, as evidenced by Rb-Sr overprint ages in granitoids - Eric D. Vandenburg; Oliver Nebel; Peter A. Cawood; R. Hugh Smithies; Fabio A. Capitanio; Laura A. Miller; Marc-Alban Millet; Emilie Bruand; Jean-François Moyen; Xueying Wang; Massimo Raveggi; Yona Jacobsen (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Miocene cave sediments record topographic, erosional and drainage development in the Western European Alps - François Lemot; Pierre G. Valla; Peter van der Beek; Marianna Jagercikova; Samuel Niedermann; Julien Carcaillet; Edward R. Sobel; Sergio Andò; Eduardo Garzanti; Xavier Robert; Mélanie Balvay; Matthias Bernet; et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Five Years Measuring the Muck: Evaluating Interannual Variability of Nutrient Loads From Tidal Flooding - Alfonso Macías-Tapia; Margaret R. Mulholland; Corday R. Selden; J. Derek Loftis; Peter W. Bernhardt (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Due to sea level rise, tidal flooding is now common in low-lying coastal systems around the world. Yet, the contribution of tidal flooding to non-point source nutrient loads and their impact on the quality of adjacent waters remains poorly constrained. Here, we quantified dissolved nutrient loading and Enterococcus abundance during annual autumnal king tides (i.e., perigean spring tides), between 2017 and 2021, in a sub-watershed of the lower Chesapeake Bay. To calculate nutrient loading from tidal flooding, we used geospatial inundation depths from a street-level hydrodynamic model to estimate floodwater volumes during each of the five sampling events and the difference between nutrient concentrations in floodwater and pre-flood measurements. Results showed that dissolved nutrient concentrations were higher in floodwaters than in estuarine waters and resulted in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus loads that reached 58.4 × 10 3 kg and 14.4 × 10 3 kg, respectively. We compared our load estimates to the tributary-specific total and land-based federal allocations (i.e., total maximum daily loads (TMDL)) for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Even the more conservative calculations indicate that inputs of dissolved nutrients during a single tidal flooding event can exceed 100% of the annual load allocation. Additionally, more than 80% of the floodwater samples collected each year showed Enterococcus abundance that exceeded the threshold for recreational water use in Virginia (104 MPN 100 ml −1 ). Failing to account for non-point source loading of nutrients and contaminants from tidal flooding as sea level rises could result in worsening eutrophication and deterioration of coastal economies and the health of coastal communities around the world.

Geological control of terrestrial background radiation in Garhwal Himalaya, India - Manjulata Yadav; Manoj Kumar Jindal; Peter Bossew; R. C. Ramola (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2023)

Multi-stage subduction-related metasomatism recorded in whiteschists from the Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps - Benedict J. R. Harris; Jan C. M. De Hoog; Ralf Halama; Hans-Peter Schertl; Yi-Xiang Chen (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023)
Whiteschists from the Dora-Maira massif (Western Alps, Italy) are Mg and K-rich metasomatised granites which experienced ultra-high-pressure metamorphism and fluid–rock interaction during Alpine continental subduction. The sources and timing of fluid infiltration are a source of significant debate. In this study, we present boron (B) isotopes and other fluid-mobile trace-element (FME) concentrations in various generations of phengite from whiteschists and their country rock protoliths to investigate the sources and timing of metasomatic fluid influx. Reconstructed bulk rock concentrations based on modal data and mineral compositions indicate that significant amounts B and other FME were added to the rock during prograde metamorphism, but that this fluid influx postdates the main Mg metasomatic event. High B concentrations (150–350 $$\upmu$$ μ g/g) and light $${δ^{\text{11}}}\text{B}$$ δ 11 B values (− 16 to −4 ‰) recorded in phengite point to a B-rich sediment-derived fluid as the main source of B in the whiteschists. Further redistribution of FME during metamorphism was associated with breakdown of hydrous minerals, such as talc, phlogopite, and ellenbergerite. The source of the Mg-rich fluids cannot be constrained based on the B data in phengite, since its signature was overprinted by the later main B metasomatic event. Rare tourmaline-bearing whiteschists record additional information about B processes. Tourmaline $${δ^{\text{11}}}\text{B}$$ δ 11 B values (− 6 to +1 ‰) are in isotopic equilibrium with similar fluids to those recorded in most phengite, but phengites in tourmaline-bearing samples record anomalous B isotope compositions that reflect later redistribution of B. This study demonstrates the utility of in situ analyses in unravelling complex fluid–rock interaction histories, where whole-rock analyses make it difficult to distinguish between different stages of fluid–rock interaction. Polymetasomatism may result in decoupling of different isotopic systems, thus complicating their interpretation. The Dora-Maira whiteschists interacted with multiple generations of fluids during subduction and therefore may represent a long-lived fluid pathway.

Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) - Francisco Murilo Zerbini; Stuart G. Siddell; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Arcady R. Mushegian; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Poliane Alfenas‑Zerbini; Donald M. Dempsey; Bas E. Dutilh; María Laura García; R. Curtis Hendrickson; Sandra Junglen; Mart Krupovic; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2023)

Tidal gradients, fine‐scale homing and a potential cryptic ecotype of wild spawning pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) - Samuel A. May; Kyle R. Shedd; Peter S. Rand; Peter A. H. Westley (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
The homing behaviour of salmon is a remarkable natural phenomenon, critical for shaping the ecology and evolution of populations yet the spatial scale at which it occurs is poorly understood. This study investigated the spatial scale and mechanisms driving homing as depicted by spawning site‐choice behaviour in pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Molecular pedigree analyses of over 30,000 adult spawners in four streams revealed that pink salmon exhibit fine‐scale site fidelity within a stream, returning to within

Uptake of barium, molybdenum, and lithium and incorporation into scallop shells: Refining proxies for primary production dynamics - Lukas Fröhlich; Valentin Siebert; Qian Huang; Julien Thébault; Brivaëla Moriceau; Klaus Peter Jochum; Bernd R. Schöne (Limnology and Oceanography, 2023)
Ba/Ca shell , Mo/Ca shell , and Li/Ca shell chronologies of Pecten maximus can provide information on past phytoplankton dynamics. Distinct Ba, Mo, and Li peaks in the shells are associated with algal blooms. This study evaluated the underlying hypothesis that respective element profiles reliably record variations in phytoplankton dynamics occurring within the water column. Therefore, the chemical content of scallops from the Bay of Brest, France, that lived on the sediment surface was compared to conspecific specimens living in a cage above the seafloor and compared with the phytoplankton abundance and the physicochemical properties of the water column. As demonstrated, Ba/Ca shell and Mo/Ca shell peaks occurred contemporaneously in specimens within the cage and on the sediment, but were higher in the latter. Furthermore, element/Ca peaks agreed with the timing of particulate Ba and Mo enrichments in the seawater. These data support the assumption of a dietary uptake of both elements. Differences in peak heights between shells living in a cage and on the seafloor were controlled by rates of filtration and biomineralization. While the timing and magnitude of Ba/Ca shell peaks were linked to Ba‐containing diatoms, Mo/Ca shell peaks were related to blooms of Mo‐enriched dinoflagellate and diatom aggregation events. Two episodes of slight Li enrichment occurred synchronously in cage and sediment shells. Although the exact mechanism causing such Li increases remains unresolved, the findings suggest a link to large diatom blooms or the presence of a specific diatom taxon. This study refines previously hypothesized relationships between trace element enrichments in scallop shells and phytoplankton dynamics.

Tectonic and geological setting influence hot spring microbiology - Daniel R. Colman; Allison Veach; Andri Stefánsson; Louie Wurch; B. Shafer Belisle; Peter T. Podar; Zamin Yang; Dawn Klingeman; Kazuyo Senba; Katsuhiko S. Murakami; Jakob K. Kristjánsson; Snædís H. Björnsdóttir; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2023)
Hydrothermal systems form at divergent and convergent boundaries of lithospheric plates and within plates due to weakened crust and mantle plumes, playing host to diverse microbial ecosystems. Little is known of how differences in tectonic setting influence the geochemical and microbial compositions of these hydrothermal ecosystems. Here, coordinated geochemical and microbial community analyses were conducted on 87 high‐temperature (>65°C) water and sediment samples from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA ( n = 41; mantle plume setting), Iceland ( n = 41, divergent boundary), and Japan ( n = 5; convergent boundary). Region‐specific variation in geochemistry and sediment‐associated 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variant (ASV) composition was observed, with 16S rRNA gene assemblages being nearly completely distinguished by region and pH being the most explanatory parameter within regions. Several low abundance ASVs exhibited cosmopolitan distributions across regions, while most high‐abundance ASVs were only identified in specific regions. The presence of some cosmopolitan ASVs across regions argues against dispersal limitation primarily shaping the distribution of taxa among regions. Rather, the results point to local tectonic and geologic characteristics shaping the geochemistry of continental hydrothermal systems that then select for distinct microbial assemblages. These results provide new insights into the co‐evolution of hydrothermal systems and their microbial communities.

Species trait diversity sustains multiple dietary nutrients supplied by freshwater fisheries - Sebastian A. Heilpern; Guido A. Herrera‐R; Kathryn J. Fiorella; Luis Moya; Alexander S. Flecker; Peter B. McIntyre (Ecology Letters, 2023)
Species, through their traits, influence how ecosystems simultaneously sustain multiple functions. However, it is unclear how trait diversity sustains the multiple contributions biodiversity makes to people. Freshwater fisheries nourish hundreds of millions of people globally, but overharvesting and river fragmentation are increasingly affecting catches. We analyse how loss of nutritional trait diversity in consumed fish portfolios affects the simultaneous provisioning of six essential dietary nutrients using household data from the Amazon and Tonlé Sap, two of Earth's most productive and diverse freshwater fisheries. We find that fish portfolios with high trait diversity meet higher thresholds of required daily intakes for a greater variety of nutrients with less fish biomass. This beneficial biodiversity effect is driven by low redundancy in species nutrient content profiles. Our findings imply that sustaining the dietary contributions fish make to people given declining biodiversity could require more biomass and ultimately exacerbate fishing pressure in already‐stressed ecosystems.

Fronto-striatal alterations correlate with apathy severity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia - Neeraj Upadhyay; Annika Spottke; Anja Schneider; Daniel C. Hoffmann; Ingo Frommann; Tommaso Ballarini; Klaus Fliessbach; Benjamin Bender; Hauke R. Heekeren; John Dylan Haynes; Michael Ewers; Emrah Düzel; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2023)
Structural and functional changes in cortical and subcortical regions have been reported in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, a multimodal approach may provide deeper insights into the neural correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this multicenter study, we measured cortical thickness (CTh) and subcortical volumes to identify structural abnormalities in 37 bvFTD patients, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For seed regions with significant structural changes, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sub-cohort of N = 22 bvFTD and N = 22 matched control subjects to detect complementary alterations in brain network organization. To explore the functional significance of the observed structural and functional deviations, correlations with clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were tested where available. Significantly decreased CTh was observed in the bvFTD group in caudal middle frontal gyrus, left pars opercularis, bilateral superior frontal and bilateral middle temporal gyrus along with subcortical volume reductions in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased FC in bvFTD between: dorsal striatum and left caudal middle frontal gyrus; putamen and fronto-parietal regions; pallidum and cerebellum. Conversely, bvFTD showed increased FC between: left middle temporal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus; caudate nucleus and insula; amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, cortical thickness in caudal, lateral and superior frontal regions as well as caudate nucleus volume correlated negatively with apathy severity scores of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory Questionnaire. In conclusion, multimodal structural and functional imaging indicates that fronto-striatal regions have a considerable influence on the severity of apathy in bvFTD.

Marine invasive alien species in Europe: 9 years after the IAS Regulation - Stelios Katsanevakis; Sergej Olenin; Riikka Puntila-Dodd; Gil Rilov; Peter A. U. Stæhr; Heliana Teixeira; Konstantinos Tsirintanis; Silvana N. R. Birchenough; Hans H. Jakobsen; Steen Wilhelm Knudsen; Anders Lanzén; Antonios D. Mazaris; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Biological invasions, resulting from human activities, exert substantial impacts on ecosystems worldwide. This review focuses on marine invasive alien species (IAS) in Europe, examining the current state, proposing strategies to address the problem, and offering recommendations for enhanced management. Effective management of biological invasions relies on accessible, accurate data to inform decision-making. Information systems such as the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WriMS) provide comprehensive databases on IAS, but their sustainability requires long-term maintenance, continuous updates, and support. Most countries lack specific monitoring programs for marine IAS, and standardization and improvement of monitoring methods are needed. Port monitoring plays a vital role in the early detection of new arrivals, and recent advancements in molecular techniques show promise for effective IAS monitoring. Risk screening tools are commonly employed to rank taxa based on their invasiveness potential in European regions, but variations in protocols can yield inconsistent results. European impact assessments highlight resource competition, novel habitat creation, and predation as primary mechanisms for negative impacts on biodiversity, while the creation of novel habitats represents a key mechanism for positive impacts. Preventing IAS introductions is critical, and measures such as ballast water treatment systems are implemented to reduce the likelihood of marine introductions. However, understanding introduction pathways remains uncertain for many IAS. Eradication and control efforts for marine IAS have limited success, emphasizing the need for enhanced biosecurity measures. Climate change, especially ocean warming, can intensify IAS impacts on native species and ecosystems. In climate change hotspots, some tropical aliens may, however, compensate for the loss of thermally sensitive natives with similar traits. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the interactions between climate change and IAS in developing effective management and conservation strategies. Enhancing IAS management in Europe entails i) securing adequate funding, ii) expanding the list of IAS of Union Concern to adequately cover marine invasions, iii) learning from countries with successful biosecurity practices, iv) sustaining information systems, v) improving monitoring and early warning systems with innovative technologies, vi) enhancing prediction models, vii) conducting integrated impact assessments and mapping cumulative IAS impacts, and vii) considering the potential benefits of IAS in ecosystem functioning and services.

Strengthening global-change science by integrating aeDNA with paleoecoinformatics - John W. Williams; Trisha L. Spanbauer; Peter D. Heintzman; Jessica Blois; Eric Capo; Simon J. Goring; Marie-Eve Monchamp; Laura Parducci; Jordan M. Von Eggers; Inger Greve Alsos; Chris Bowler; Marco J.L. Coolen; et al. (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023)

Interventions to reduce camel and small ruminant young stock morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia - Fiona K. Allan; Johanna T. Wong; Alemayehu Lemma; Ciara Vance; Meritxell Donadeu; Shubisa Abera; Berhanu Admassu; Veronica Nwankpa; Jennifer K. Lane; Woutrina Smith; Nigatu Kebede; Kassaw Amssalu; et al. (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2023)

Thermoregulatory strategies of songbird nestlings reveal limited capacity for cooling and high risk of dehydration - Jenna N. Diehl; Lesley A. Alton; Craig R. White; Anne Peters (Journal of Thermal Biology, 2023)

Accumulation mechanisms for contaminants on weak-base hybrid ion exchange resins - Sarah A. Saslow; Elsa A. Cordova; Nancy M. Escobedo; Odeta Qafoku; Mark E. Bowden; Charles T. Resch; Nabajit Lahiri; Emily T. Nienhuis; Daria Boglaienko; Tatiana G. Levitskaia; Peter Meyers; Jacqueline R. Hager; et al. (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Enhanced Feammox activity and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 using PAA-coated ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor - Jinhee Park; Shan Huang; Bruce E. Koel; Peter R. Jaffé (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

Comparative compositions of grain of tritordeum, durum wheat and bread wheat grown in multi-environment trials - Peter R. Shewry; Fred Brouns; Jack Dunn; Jessica Hood; Amanda J. Burridge; Antoine H.P. America; Luud Gilissen; Zsuzsan A.M. Proos-Huijsmans; Jan Philip van Straaten; Daisy Jonkers; Paul A. Lazzeri; Jane L. Ward; et al. (Food Chemistry, 2023)

Rattail lebensspuren: Feeding impressions from deep-sea grenadiers - Darren W. Stevens; Matthew R. Dunn; V. Sadie Mills; David A. Bowden; Peter J. McMillan; Alan C. Hart; Caroline Chin; Niki K. Davey; Matthew H. Pinkerton (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2023)

Phytoremediation of indoor air pollutants from construction and transport by a moveable active green wall system - Peter J. Irga; Angela Morgan; Robert Fleck; Fraser R. Torpy (Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2023)

Assessing efficiency of fine-mapping obesity-associated variants through leveraging ancestry architecture and functional annotation using PAGE and UKBB cohorts - Mohammad Yaser Anwar; Mariaelisa Graff; Heather M. Highland; Roelof Smit; Zhe Wang; Victoria L. Buchanan; Kristin L. Young; Eimear E. Kenny; Lindsay Fernandez-Rhodes; Simin Liu; Themistocles Assimes; David O. Garcia; et al. (Human Genetics, 2023)

Wave and current in extratropical versus tropical cyclones - Yu-Chia Chang; Guan-Yu Chen; Peter C. Chu; Luca R. Centurioni; Chin-Chu Liu (Journal of Oceanography, 2023)
Data from QuikSCAT, ERA5, WAVERYS, drifters, and HYCOM + NCODA Reanalysis in the northern Pacific are analyzed under tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ECs). The EC (TC) has the stable (unstable) wind directions and wider (narrower) fetch resulting in a larger (smaller) significant wave height ( H s ). For modest and weak wind speeds ( W ≤ 26 m s −1 ), the current speed ( U ) is higher in low latitudes than in mid-latitudes since the oceanic mixed-layer thickness (ℎ) is not large enough. For strong wind speed ( W > 26 m s −1 ), ℎ deepens more in low latitudes and causes lower U .

Unusual phenotypes in patients with a pathogenic germline variant in DICER1 - Kateryna Venger; Miriam Elbracht; Julia Carlens; Peter Deutz; Felix Zeppernick; Lisa Lassay; Christian Kratz; Martin Zenker; Jung Kim; Douglas R. Stewart; Ilse Wieland; Kris Ann P. Schultz; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2023)
Pathogenic germline DICER1 variants are associated with pleuropulmonary blastoma, multinodular goiter, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and other tumour types, while mosaic missense DICER1 variants in the RNase IIIb domain are linked to cause GLOW (global developmental delay, lung cysts, overgrowth, and Wilms’ tumor) syndrome. Here, we report four families with germline DICER1 pathogenic variants in which one member in each family had a more complex phenotype, including skeletal findings, facial dysmorphism and developmental abnormalities. The developmental features occur with a variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance as also described for the neoplastic and dysplastic lesions associated with DICER1 variants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all four cases and revealed no further pathogenic or likely pathogenic dominant, homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in three of them. Notably, a frameshift variant in ARID1B was detected in one patient explaining part of her phenotype. This series of patients shows that pathogenic DICER1 variants may be associated with a broader phenotypic spectrum than initially assumed, including predisposition to different tumours, skeletal findings, dysmorphism and developmental abnormalities, but genetic work up in syndromic patients should be comprehensive in order not to miss additional underlying /modifying causes.

Cool, dry nights and short heatwaves during growth result in longer telomeres in temperate songbird nestlings - Justin R. Eastwood; Andréaz Dupoué; Simon Verhulst; Andrew Cockburn; Anne Peters (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Exposure to rising sublethal temperatures can affect development and somatic condition, and thereby Darwinian fitness. In the context of climate warming, these changes could have implications for population viability, but they can be subtle and consequently difficult to quantify. Using telomere length (TL) as a known biomarker of somatic condition in early life, we investigated the impact of pre‐hatching and nestling climate on six cohorts of wild nestling superb fairy wrens ( Malurus cyaneus ) in temperate south‐eastern Australia. Models incorporating only climate information from the nestling phase were best supported compared to those including the (pre‐)laying to incubation phase (previously shown to affect mass) or both phases combined. This implies that nestling TL is most sensitive to ambient climate in the nestling phase. The top model showed a negative relationship between early‐life TL and nestling mean daily minimum temperature when rainfall was low which gradually became positive with increasing rainfall. In addition, there was a positive relationship between TL and the frequency of hot days (daily maximum temperature ≥35°C), although these temperatures were rare and short‐term. Including other pre‐hatching and nestling period, climate variables (e.g., mean daily maximum temperature and mean diurnal temperature variability) did not improve the prediction of nestling TL. Overall, our results suggest that cooler nights when conditions are dry and short‐term temperature spikes above 35°C during development are conducive for somatic maintenance. While these findings indicate a potential pathway for climate warming to impact wildlife fitness, they emphasize the need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these complex associations.

Wherever I may roam—Human activity alters movements of red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and elk ( Cervus canadensis ) across two continents - Steffen Mumme; Arthur D. Middleton; Paolo Ciucci; Johannes De Groeve; Andrea Corradini; Ellen O. Aikens; Federico Ossi; Paul Atwood; Niko Balkenhol; Eric K. Cole; Lucie Debeffe; Sarah R. Dewey; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Human activity and associated landscape modifications alter the movements of animals with consequences for populations and ecosystems worldwide. Species performing long‐distance movements are thought to be particularly sensitive to human impact. Despite the increasing anthropogenic pressure, it remains challenging to understand and predict animals' responses to human activity. Here we address this knowledge gap using 1206 Global Positioning System movement trajectories of 815 individuals from 14 red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and 14 elk ( Cervus canadensis ) populations spanning wide environmental gradients, namely the latitudinal range from the Alps to Scandinavia in Europe, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in North America. We measured individual‐level movements relative to the environmental context, or movement expression, using the standardized metric Intensity of Use, reflecting both the directionality and extent of movements. We expected movement expression to be affected by resource (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) predictability and topography, but those factors to be superseded by human impact. Red deer and elk movement expression varied along a continuum, from highly segmented trajectories over relatively small areas (high intensity of use), to directed transitions through restricted corridors (low intensity of use). Human activity (Human Footprint Index, HFI) was the strongest driver of movement expression, with a steep increase in Intensity of Use as HFI increased, but only until a threshold was reached. After exceeding this level of impact, the Intensity of Use remained unchanged. These results indicate the overall sensitivity of Cervus movement expression to human activity and suggest a limitation of plastic responses under high human pressure, despite the species also occurring in human‐dominated landscapes. Our work represents the first comparison of metric‐based movement expression across widely distributed populations of a deer genus, contributing to the understanding and prediction of animals' responses to human activity.

A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems - Joshua G. Smith; Christopher M. Free; Cori Lopazanski; Julien Brun; Clarissa R. Anderson; Mark H. Carr; Joachim Claudet; Jenifer E. Dugan; Jacob G. Eurich; Tessa B. Francis; Scott L. Hamilton; David Mouillot; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as a conservation tool for enhancing ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, empirical evidence explicitly linking MPAs to enhanced ecological resilience is limited and mixed. To better understand whether MPAs can buffer climate impacts, we tested the resistance and recovery of marine communities to the 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific heatwave in the largest scientifically designed MPA network in the world off the coast of California, United States. The network consists of 124 MPAs (48 no‐take state marine reserves, and 76 partial‐take or special regulation conservation areas) implemented at different times, with full implementation completed in 2012. We compared fish, benthic invertebrate, and macroalgal community structure inside and outside of 13 no‐take MPAs across rocky intertidal, kelp forest, shallow reef, and deep reef nearshore habitats in California's Central Coast region from 2007 to 2020. We also explored whether MPA features, including age, size, depth, proportion rock, historic fishing pressure, habitat diversity and richness, connectivity, and fish biomass response ratios (proxy for ecological performance), conferred climate resilience for kelp forest and rocky intertidal habitats spanning 28 MPAs across the full network. Ecological communities dramatically shifted due to the marine heatwave across all four nearshore habitats, and MPAs did not facilitate habitat‐wide resistance or recovery. Only in protected rocky intertidal habitats did community structure significantly resist marine heatwave impacts. Community shifts were associated with a pronounced decline in the relative proportion of cold water species and an increase in warm water species. MPA features did not explain resistance or recovery to the marine heatwave. Collectively, our findings suggest that MPAs have limited ability to mitigate the impacts of marine heatwaves on community structure. Given that mechanisms of resilience to climate perturbations are complex, there is a clear need to expand assessments of ecosystem‐wide consequences resulting from acute climate‐driven perturbations, and the potential role of regulatory protection in mitigating community structure changes.

Collective action by community groups: solutions for climate change or different players in the same game? - Luke J. Matthews; Aaron Clark-Ginsberg; Michelle Scobie; Laura E. R. Peters; Unni Gopinathan; Anuszka Mosurska; Katy Davis; Sonja Myhre; Saskia Hirsch; Eija Meriläinen; Ilan Kelman (Climate and Development, 2023)

Interactions among Sodalis, Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus and trypanosomes in wild Glossina pallidipes - Deusdedit J. Malulu; Hamisi S. Nyingilili; Delphina Edward; Peter Lucas; Ismail W. R. Taifa; Imna I. Malele; Adly M. M. Abd-Alla (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2023)

Fate of microplastic captured in the marine demosponge Halichondria panicea - Peter Funch; Rachael A. Kealy; Josephine Goldstein; Jonathan R. Brewer; Vita Solovyeva; Hans Ulrik Riisgård (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Biodegradation of phenanthrene by piezotolerant Bacillus subtilis EB1 and genomic insights for bioremediation - A. Ganesh Kumar; D. Manisha; N. Nivedha Rajan; K. Sujitha; D. Magesh Peter; R. Kirubagaran; G. Dharani (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023)

Response of planktonic microbial assemblages to disturbance in an urban sub-tropical estuary - Penelope A. Ajani; Henna Savela; Tim Kahlke; Daniel Harrison; Thomas Jeffries; Gurjeet S. Kohli; Arjun Verma; Olivier Laczka; Martina A. Doblin; Justin R. Seymour; Michaela E. Larsson; Jaimie Potts; et al. (Water Research, 2023)

Microbial community attributes supersede plant and soil parameters in predicting fungal necromass decomposition rates in a 12-tree species common garden experiment - François Maillard; Briana Beatty; Maria Park; Sylwia Adamczyk; Bartosz Adamczyk; Craig R. See; Jeannine Cavender-Bares; Sarah E. Hobbie; Peter G. Kennedy (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023)

Environmental factors regulate soil microbial attributes and their response to drought in rangeland ecosystems - Santiago Toledo; Viviana F. Bondaruk; Laura Yahdjian; Gastón R. Oñatibia; Alejandro Loydi; Juan Alberti; Martín Bruschetti; Jesús Pascual; Guadalupe Peter; Walter D. Agüero; Pedro R. Namur; Lisandro Blanco; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Disturbed ovarian morphology, oestrous cycling and fertility of high fat fed rats are linked to alterations of incretin receptor expression - Dawood Khan; Ananyaa Sridhar; Peter R. Flatt; R.Charlotte Moffett (Reproductive Biology, 2023)

Coastal response to global warming during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - Glenn R. Sharman; Jacob A. Covault; Peter P. Flaig; Regan Dunn; Preston Fussee-Durham; Toti E. Larson; Timothy M. Shanahan; Kalli Dubois; John B. Shaw; James L. Crowley; Barry Shaulis (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)

SNP data reveals the complex and diverse evolutionary history of the blue-ringed octopus genus (Octopodidae: Hapalochlaena) in the Asia-Pacific - Brooke L. Whitelaw; Julian K. Finn; Kyall R. Zenger; Ira R. Cooke; Peter Morse; Jan M. Strugnell (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

Increasing concentration of pure micro- and macro-LDPE and PP plastic negatively affect crop biomass, nutrient cycling, and microbial biomass - Martine Graf; Lucy M. Greenfield; Michaela K. Reay; Rafael Bargiela; Gwion B. Williams; Charles Onyije; Charlotte E.M. Lloyd; Ian D. Bull; Richard P. Evershed; Peter N. Golyshin; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

A retrospective assessment of fuel break effectiveness for containing rangeland wildfires in the sagebrush biome - Cali L. Weise; Brianne E. Brussee; Peter S. Coates; Douglas J. Shinneman; Michele R. Crist; Cameron L. Aldridge; Julie A. Heinrichs; Mark A. Ricca (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

The influence of friendship on children's fairness concerns in three societies - John Corbit; Katherine McAuliffe; Peter R. Blake; Felix Warneken (Evolution and Human Behavior, 2023)

Compressibility of ferropericlase at high-temperature: Evidence for the iron spin crossover in seismic tomography - Viktoria E. Trautner; Stephen Stackhouse; Alice R. Turner; Paula Koelemeijer; D. Rhodri Davies; Alba San José Méndez; Niccolo Satta; Alexander Kurnosov; Hanns-Peter Liermann; Hauke Marquardt (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Ring fault creep drives volcano-tectonic seismicity during caldera collapse of Kīlauea in 2018 - Taiyi A. Wang; Paul Segall; Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis; Kyle R. Anderson; Peter F. Cervelli (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023)

Rapid carbon-free iron ore reduction using an atmospheric pressure hydrogen microwave plasma - Sachin Kumar; Zichang Xiong; Julian Held; Peter Bruggeman; Uwe R. Kortshagen (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Assessing the morphodynamic response of a New England beach-barrier system to an artificial reef - Elin Schuh; Annette R. Grilli; Felix Groetsch; Stephan T. Grilli; Deborah Crowley; Isaac Ginis; Peter Stempel (Coastal Engineering, 2023)

Correction to: Assessing the effectiveness of the TaMATE1B and TaALMT1 genes to enhance the Al3+ tolerance of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) grown under controlled conditions and in the field - Akitomo Kawasaki; Anton P. Wasson; Evangeline Kielnhofer; Peter R. Ryan; Emmanuel Delhaize (Plant and Soil, 2023)

The transposable element-derived transcript of LIN28B has a placental origin and is not specific to tumours - Chiemi F. Lynch-Sutherland; Lorissa I. McDougall; Peter A. Stockwell; Suzan N. Almomani; Robert J. Weeks; Jackie L. Ludgate; Teena K. J. B. Gamage; Aniruddha Chatterjee; Joanna L. James; Michael R. Eccles; Erin C. Macaulay (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2023)
Transposable elements (TEs) are genetic elements that have evolved as crucial regulators of human development and cancer, functioning as both genes and regulatory elements. When TEs become dysregulated in cancer cells, they can serve as alternate promoters to activate oncogenes, a process known as onco-exaptation. This study aimed to explore the expression and epigenetic regulation of onco-exaptation events in early human developmental tissues. We discovered co-expression of some TEs and oncogenes in human embryonic stem cells and first trimester and term placental tissues. Previous studies identified onco-exaptation events in various cancer types, including an AluJb SINE element– LIN28B interaction in lung cancer cells, and showed that the TE-derived LIN28B transcript is associated with poor patient prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study further characterized the AluJb– LIN28B transcript and confirmed that its expression is restricted to the placenta. Targeted DNA methylation analysis revealed differential methylation of the two LIN28B promoters between placenta and healthy somatic tissues, indicating that some TE–oncogene interactions are not cancer-specific but arise from the epigenetic reactivation of developmental TE-derived regulatory events. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that some TE–oncogene interactions are not limited to cancer and may originate from the epigenetic reactivation of TE-derived regulatory events that are involved in early development. These insights broaden our understanding of the role of TEs in gene regulation and suggest the potential importance of targeting TEs in cancer therapy beyond their conventional use as cancer-specific markers.

Correction to: Earlier green-up and senescence of temperate United States rangelands under future climate - Scott N. Zimmer; Matthew C. Reeves; Joseph R. St. Peter; Brice B. Hanberry (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2023)

The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA)—computational traits for the life sciences - Ray Stefancsik; James P. Balhoff; Meghan A. Balk; Robyn L. Ball; Susan M. Bello; Anita R. Caron; Elissa J. Chesler; Vinicius de Souza; Sarah Gehrke; Melissa Haendel; Laura W. Harris; Nomi L. Harris; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2023)
Existing phenotype ontologies were originally developed to represent phenotypes that manifest as a character state in relation to a wild-type or other reference. However, these do not include the phenotypic trait or attribute categories required for the annotation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mappings or any population-focussed measurable trait data. The integration of trait and biological attribute information with an ever increasing body of chemical, environmental and biological data greatly facilitates computational analyses and it is also highly relevant to biomedical and clinical applications. The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA) is a formalised, species-independent collection of interoperable phenotypic trait categories that is intended to fulfil a data integration role. OBA is a standardised representational framework for observable attributes that are characteristics of biological entities, organisms, or parts of organisms. OBA has a modular design which provides several benefits for users and data integrators, including an automated and meaningful classification of trait terms computed on the basis of logical inferences drawn from domain-specific ontologies for cells, anatomical and other relevant entities. The logical axioms in OBA also provide a previously missing bridge that can computationally link Mendelian phenotypes with GWAS and quantitative traits. The term components in OBA provide semantic links and enable knowledge and data integration across specialised research community boundaries, thereby breaking silos.

Time spent in the sun and the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Canadian cohort study - Dylan E. O’Sullivan; Troy W. R. Hillier; Darren R. Brenner; Cheryl E. Peters; Will D. King (Cancer Causes & Control, 2023)

Snow-corrected vegetation indices for improved gross primary productivity assessment in North American evergreen forests - Ran Wang; David R. Bowling; John A. Gamon; Kenneth R. Smith; Rong Yu; Gabriel Hmimina; Masahito Ueyama; Asko Noormets; Thomas E. Kolb; Andrew D. Richardson; Charles P.A. Bourque; Rosvel Bracho; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2023)

Glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex has supplementary value to predict the progression of cognitively unimpaired to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: an exploratory study of 18F-FDG-PET - Qi Zhang; Chunqiu Fan; Luyao Wang; Taoran Li; Min Wang; Ying Han; Jiehui Jiang; Michael W. Weiner; Paul Aisen; Ronald Petersen; Clifford R. Jack; William Jagust; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)

High-resolution history of oxygen depletion in the SW Baltic Sea since the mid-19th century as revealed by bivalve shells - Xizhi Huang; Liqiang Zhao; Michael L. Zettler; Regina Mertz-Kraus; Klaus Peter Jochum; Bernd R. Schöne (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Model-based assessment and mapping of total phosphorus enrichment in rivers with sparse reference data - Peter C. Esselman; R. Jan Stevenson (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Quantification of wetland vegetation communities features with airborne AVIRIS-NG, UAVSAR, and UAV LiDAR data in Peace-Athabasca Delta - Chao Wang; Tamlin M. Pavelsky; Ethan D. Kyzivat; Fenix Garcia-Tigreros; Erika Podest; Fangfang Yao; Xiao Yang; Shuai Zhang; Conghe Song; Theodore Langhorst; Wayana Dolan; Martin R. Kurek; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Infection dynamics and incidence of wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in growing pig herds in the U.S. Midwest - Jose Angulo; My Yang; Albert Rovira; Peter R. Davies; Montserrat Torremorell (Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2023)

The Clacton-on-Sea (Essex, UK) GCR site and SSSI: New data and continuing importance - Tom S. White; David R. Bridgland; Peter Allen; Mark J. White (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2023)

Quaternary Earth-science and Palaeolithic conservation initiatives in the Tejo (Tagus), Portugal: Comparison with the Lower Thames, UK - Pedro Proença Cunha; David R. Bridgland; Silvério Figueiredo; António A. Martins; Peter Allen; Mark J. White (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2023)

Biosupercapacitors with minimized Self-Discharge - Tapan Dey; Asia Dial; Peter R. Corridon; Saikat Dutta (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

The 10th International Conference on cGMP 2022: recent trends in cGMP research and development—meeting report - Andreas Friebe; Jan R. Kraehling; Michael Russwurm; Peter Sandner; Achim Schmidtko (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2023)
Increasing cGMP is a unique therapeutic principle, and drugs inhibiting cGMP-degrading enzymes or stimulating cGMP production are approved for the treatment of various diseases such as erectile dysfunction, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, chronic heart failure, irritable bowel syndrome, or achondroplasia. In addition, cGMP-increasing therapies are preclinically profiled or in clinical development for quite a broad set of additional indications, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases or different forms of dementias, bone formation disorders, underlining the pivotal role of cGMP signaling pathways. The fundamental understanding of the signaling mediated by nitric oxide-sensitive (soluble) guanylyl cyclase and membrane-associated receptor (particulate) guanylyl cyclase at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as in vivo, especially in disease models, is a key prerequisite to fully exploit treatment opportunities and potential risks that could be associated with an excessive increase in cGMP. Furthermore, human genetic data and the clinical effects of cGMP-increasing drugs allow back-translation into basic research to further learn about signaling and treatment opportunities. The biannual international cGMP conference, launched nearly 20 years ago, brings all these aspects together as an established and important forum for all topics from basic science to clinical research and pivotal clinical trials. This review summarizes the contributions to the “10th cGMP Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications,” which was held in Augsburg in 2022 but will also provide an overview of recent key achievements and activities in the field of cGMP research.

Depressed HCN4 function in the type 2 diabetic sinoatrial node - Sajida Parveen; Paddy H. S. Cheah; Luke P. I. Worthington; Roseanna A. Smither; Michelle L. Munro; Carol T. Bussey; Regis R. Lamberts; Peter P. Jones (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2023)

Refining the in vitro release test method for a dapivirine-releasing vaginal ring to match in vivo performance - Diarmaid J. Murphy; Deanna Lim; Ryan Armstrong; Clare F. McCoy; Yahya H. Dallal Bashi; Peter Boyd; Tiffany Derrick; Patrick Spence; Bríd Devlin; R. Karl Malcolm (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2023)
Previously reported in vitro release test methods for drug-releasing vaginal rings containing poorly water-soluble drugs have described use of water-alcohol systems or surfactant solutions in efforts to maintain sink conditions. Here, as part of efforts to more closely match in vitro and in vivo release for the 25 mg dapivirine matrix-type silicone elastomer vaginal ring for HIV prevention, we have investigated alternatives to the 1:1 v/v water/isopropanol medium described previously. Specifically, we evaluated dapivirine release from rings into (i) monophasic water/isopropanol mixtures of varying compositions and (ii) biphasic buffer/octanol systems using pH 4.2 and pH 7.0 buffers. The rate and mechanism of dapivirine release were dependent upon the isopropanol concentration in the release medium, in accordance with the observed trend in drug solubility. At 0 and 10% v/v isopropanol concentrations, dapivirine release followed a partition-controlled mechansim. For media containing ≥ 20% v/v isopropanol, in vitro release of dapivirine was significantly increased and obeyed permeation-controlled kinetics. Cumulative release of ~3.5 mg dapivirine over 28 days was obtained using a water isopropanol mixture containing 20% v/v isopropanol, similar to the ~4 mg dapivirine released in vivo. Dapivirine release into the biphasic buffer/octanol system (intended to mimic the fluid/tissue environment in vivo) was constrained by the limited solubility of dapivirine in the buffer component in which the ring resided, such that cumulative dapivirine release was consistently lower than that observed with the 20% v/v isopropanol in water medium. Release into the biphasic system was also pH dependent, in line with dapivirine’s pK a and with potential implications for in vivo release and absorption in women with elevated vaginal pH. Graphical abstract

Implications of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with Zn-bound form of ACE2: a computational structural study - Peter R. Fatouros; Urmi Roy; Shantanu Sur (BioMetals, 2023)

Climate–ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform - Lasse T. Keetz; Eva Lieungh; Kaveh Karimi‐Asli; Sonya R. Geange; Emiliano Gelati; Hui Tang; Yeliz A. Yilmaz; Kjetil S. Aas; Inge H. J. Althuizen; Anders Bryn; Stefanie Falk; Rosie Fisher; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state‐of‐the‐art process‐based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single‐site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version‐controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site‐level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo‐ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.

Pan-primate studies of age and sex - Steve Horvath; Amin Haghani; Joseph A. Zoller; Ake T. Lu; Jason Ernst; Matteo Pellegrini; Anna J. Jasinska; Julie A. Mattison; Adam B. Salmon; Ken Raj; Markus Horvath; Kimberly C. Paul; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Age and sex have a profound effect on cytosine methylation levels in humans and many other species. Here we analyzed DNA methylation profiles of 2400 tissues derived from 37 primate species including 11 haplorhine species (baboons, marmosets, vervets, rhesus macaque, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutan, humans) and 26 strepsirrhine species (suborders Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes). From these we present here, pan-primate epigenetic clocks which are highly accurate for all primates including humans (age correlation R = 0.98). We also carried out in-depth analysis of baboon DNA methylation profiles and generated five epigenetic clocks for baboons (Olive-yellow baboon hybrid), one of which, the pan-tissue epigenetic clock, was trained on seven tissue types (fetal cerebral cortex, adult cerebral cortex, cerebellum, adipose, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) with ages ranging from late fetal life to 22.8 years of age. Using the primate data, we characterize the effect of age and sex on individual cytosines in highly conserved regions. We identify 11 sex-related CpGs on autosomes near genes ( POU3F2, CDYL, MYCL, FBXL4, ZC3H10, ZXDC, RRAS, FAM217A, RBM39, GRIA2, UHRF2 ). Low overlap can be observed between age- and sex-related CpGs. Overall, this study advances our understanding of conserved age- and sex-related epigenetic changes in primates, and provides biomarkers of aging for all primates.

The mitochondrially targeted peptide elamipretide (SS-31) improves ADP sensitivity in aged mitochondria by increasing uptake through the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) - Gavin Pharaoh; Varun Kamat; Sricharan Kannan; Rudolph S. Stuppard; Jeremy Whitson; Miguel Martín-Pérez; Wei-Jun Qian; Michael J. MacCoss; Judit Villén; Peter Rabinovitch; Matthew D. Campbell; Ian R. Sweet; et al. (GeroScience, 2023)
Aging muscle experiences functional decline in part mediated by impaired mitochondrial ADP sensitivity. Elamipretide (ELAM) rapidly improves physiological and mitochondrial function in aging and binds directly to the mitochondrial ADP transporter ANT. We hypothesized that ELAM improves ADP sensitivity in aging leading to rescued physiological function. We measured the response to ADP stimulation in young and old muscle mitochondria with ELAM treatment, in vivo heart and muscle function, and compared protein abundance, phosphorylation, and S-glutathionylation of ADP/ATP pathway proteins. ELAM treatment increased ADP sensitivity in old muscle mitochondria by increasing uptake of ADP through the ANT and rescued muscle force and heart systolic function. Protein abundance in the ADP/ATP transport and synthesis pathway was unchanged, but ELAM treatment decreased protein s-glutathionylation incuding of ANT. Mitochondrial ADP sensitivity is rapidly modifiable. This research supports the hypothesis that ELAM improves ANT function in aging and links mitochondrial ADP sensitivity to physiological function. Graphical abstract ELAM binds directly to ANT and ATP synthase and ELAM treatment improves ADP sensitivity, increases ATP production, and improves physiological function in old muscles. ADP (adenosine diphosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel), ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator), H + (proton), ROS (reactive oxygen species), NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), FADH 2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide), O 2 (oxygen), ELAM (elamipretide), –SH (free thiol), –SSG (glutathionylated protein)

Adaptation constraints and prospects for future research priorities in lowland rice-based farming systems: learning experiences from Northwest Cambodia - Van Touch; Rebecca Cross; Clemens Grünbühel; Floris Van Ogtrop; Peter Ampt; Try Yorn; Robert John Martin; Brian R. Cook; Daniel K. Y. Tan (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2023)
Sustainable agricultural development not only addresses global food insecurity but may also alleviate poverty by enriching the lives of millions of smallholder farmers. Improving the sustainability and profitability of agriculture where smallholders are dominant creates profound impacts because small landholding farmers produce approximately 70–80% of the global food. The need for a thorough understanding of the factors affecting farmers’ adoption of agricultural technologies and practices has been identified from extant literature as an important research gap. Responding to the research gap and need, this study examined the challenges that prevent farm households from adopting improved farming practices and/or technologies in Banteay Meanchey and Battambang provinces in Northwest Cambodia. A total of 524 rice producing farm household representatives were randomly selected from a household database maintained by the local government authorities. A mixed methods approach was used in the study including semi-structured interviews followed by in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature review. Farmers were found to be confronted with a range of challenges and concerns, including soil degradation, weeds, diseases, insect pests, high production costs, flooding, droughts, changing rainfall pattern, and unreliable rainfall distribution. The research findings demonstrate that improved crop production practices (e.g., adopting mechanised direct seeding methods of crop establishment, maintaining and improving soil health through crop residue retention, growing cover crops, etc.) and better resource use efficiency (e.g., reducing seeding rates to less than 100 kg/ha, being more strategic in the use of integrated nutrient, weed, and pest management strategies, etc.) can be a starting point for sustainable intensification of rice production. This transition towards intensifying paddy production sustainably may become even more effective through a clear understanding of local contexts, farm household characteristics, available resources, and the farm management practices and constraints. We observed that farmers and their associations have yet to be fully recognised as partners and actors in Cambodia. Instead, they tend to be viewed as beneficiaries and recipients of improved practices and technologies. We, therefore, propose that farmers and their associations be acknowledged and included in a process of co-creation of knowledge-practices. Such partnerships will enable the inclusion of factors (e.g., production costs, production risks, complexity and practicability of implementations, product market and prices, etc.) shown to influence farmers’ adoption of innovative farming practices and technologies. The original contribution of this article is a real-world account of the constraints and limitations experienced by smallholder rice farmers in Cambodia, which are connected to future research and development priorities in the region.

Novel dispensers and variable deployment rates for mating disruption of a vineyard mealybug, Planococcus ficus - Nathan H. Mercer; Jeannine C. Lowrimore; Peter S. McGhee; Thomas R. Martin; Kevin R. Cloonan; Kent M. Daane (Crop Protection, 2023)

Bark beetle impacts on forest evapotranspiration and its partitioning - John F. Knowles; Nels R. Bjarke; Andrew M. Badger; Max Berkelhammer; Joel A. Biederman; Peter D. Blanken; Mario Bretfeld; Sean P. Burns; Brent E. Ewers; John M. Frank; Jeffrey A. Hicke; Leanne Lestak; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Use-up day and flexible recipes: Reducing household food waste by helping families prepare food they already have - A. Cooper; R. Lion; O.E. Rodriguez-Sierra; P. Jeffrey; D. Thomson; K. Peters; L. Christopher; M.J.H. Zhu; L. Wistrand; P. van der Werf; E. van Herpen (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023)

An evaluation framework for downscaling and bias correction in climate change impact studies - Elisabeth Vogel; Fiona Johnson; Lucy Marshall; Ulrike Bende-Michl; Louise Wilson; Justin R. Peter; Conrad Wasko; Sri Srikanthan; Wendy Sharples; Andrew Dowdy; Pandora Hope; Zaved Khan; et al. (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)

Plasma UCHL-1 as a Biomarker of Brain Injury in Hospitalized Foals With Neonatal Encephalopathy - Clare A. Ryan; Steeve Giguère; Peter R. Morresey (Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2023)

Identification of Heterotopic Mineralization and Adjacent Pathology in the Equine Fetlock Region by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cone-Beam and Fan-Beam Computed Tomography - Szu-Ting Lin; Vanessa G. Peter; Stefano Schiavo; Rachel Pokora; Hayley Patrick; Nick Bolas; Alastair K. Foote; David R. Sargan; Rachel C. Murray (Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2023)

Nature dependent tourism – Combining big data and local knowledge - Mark D. Spalding; Kate Longley-Wood; Valerie Pietsch McNulty; Sherry Constantine; Montserrat Acosta-Morel; Val Anthony; Aaron D. Cole; Giselle Hall; Barry A. Nickel; Steven R. Schill; Peter W. Schuhmann; Darren Tanner (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Distribution of rare earth and other critical elements in lignites from the Eocene Jackson Group, Texas - James C. Hower; Peter D. Warwick; Bridget R. Scanlon; Robert C. Reedy; Tristan M. Childress (International Journal of Coal Geology, 2023)

Encapsulation of salmon oil using complex coacervation: Probing the effect of gum acacia on interfacial tension, coacervation and oxidative stability - Wilhelm R. Glomm; Peter P. Molesworth; Betül Yesiltas; Charlotte Jacobsen; Heidi Johnsen (Food Hydrocolloids, 2023)

Response letter to correspondence letter: “Tropical deforestation: elections vs. bad governance” - Joeri Morpurgo; W. Daniel Kissling; Peter Tyrrell; Pablo J. Negret; Peter M. van Bodegom; James R. Allan (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Animal population decline and recovery after severe fire: Relating ecological and life history traits with expert estimates of population impacts from the Australian 2019-20 megafires - Michelle Ensbey; Sarah Legge; Chris J. Jolly; Stephen T. Garnett; Rachael V. Gallagher; Mark Lintermans; Dale G. Nimmo; Libby Rumpff; Ben C. Scheele; Nick S. Whiterod; John C.Z. Woinarski; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Multigenerational impacts of EE2 on reproductive fitness and immune competence of marine medaka - Drew R. Peterson; Frauke Seemann; Miles T. Wan; Roy R. Ye; Lianguo Chen; Keng P. Lai; Peter Yu; Richard Y.C. Kong; Doris W.T. Au (Aquatic Toxicology, 2023)

Funcmasker-flex: An Automated BIDS-App for Brain Segmentation of Human Fetal Functional MRI data - Emily S. Nichols; Susana Correa; Peter Van Dyken; Jason Kai; Tristan Kuehn; Sandrine de Ribaupierre; Emma G. Duerden; Ali R. Khan (Neuroinformatics, 2023)

The effect of mobility-related anxiety on walking across the lifespan: a virtual reality simulation study - Tiphanie E. Raffegeau; Mindie Clark; Bradley Fawver; Benjamin T. Engel; William R. Young; A. Mark Williams; Keith R. Lohse; Peter C. Fino (Experimental Brain Research, 2023)

Variation of the photosynthesis and respiration response of filamentous algae (Oedogonium) acclimated to averaged seasonal temperatures and light exposure levels - Sulochana Pitawala; Zlatan Trifunovic; Joel R. Steele; Han-Chung Lee; Nicholas D. Crosbie; Peter J. Scales; Gregory J.O. Martin (Algal Research, 2023)

A sudden and widespread change in symptoms and incidence of vascular streak dieback of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) linked to environmental change in Sulawesi, Indonesia - Susanna R. Bryceson; John W. Morgan; Peter J. McMahon; Philip J. Keane (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) - Francisco Murilo Zerbini; Stuart G. Siddell; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Arcady R. Mushegian; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Poliane Alfenas‑Zerbini; Donald M. Dempsey; Bas E. Dutilh; María Laura García; R. Curtis Hendrickson; Sandra Junglen; Mart Krupovic; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2023)

eDNA metabarcoding vs metagenomics: an assessment of dietary competition in two estuarine pipefishes - Conny P. Serite; Arsalan Emami-Khoyi; Ofentse K. Ntshudisane; Nicola C. James; Bettine Jansen van Vuuren; Taryn Bodill; Paul D. Cowley; Alan K. Whitfield; Peter R. Teske (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Understanding the dietary preferences of endangered species can be useful in implementing conservation strategies, including habitat restoration, translocation, and captive breeding. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from feces provides a non-invasive method for analysing animal diets. Currently, metabarcoding, a PCR-based approach, is the method of choice for analysing such data. However, this method has limitations, specifically PCR bias, which can result in the overestimation of the importance of certain taxa and failure to detect other taxa because they do not amplify. The present study compared metabarcoding with metagenomics, a PCR-free method, to assess the diversity of prey items in the feces of a critically endangered South African estuarine pipefish, Syngnathus watermeyeri , and its widely distributed congener S. temminckii to investigate potential dietary competition. The metabarcoding results showed a distinct difference between the diets of S. watermeyeri and S. temminckii , with the former mainly consuming calanoid copepods and the latter preferring caridean shrimp. In each case, a single species dominated the sequences generated by metabarcoding. Metagenomics produced more species identifications, and although the same trend was found regarding the preference of S. watermeyeri for copepods and that of S. temminckii for shrimp, this approach identified additional, albeit yet unidentified, copepod species as being important in the diet of S. watermeyeri . We conclude that the lower number of species identified using metabarcoding was most likely a result of amplification bias, resulting in key copepod species missing from the dietary analysis. These findings suggest that metagenomics is not only a useful complementary method for molecular dietary analysis, but may in some cases outperform metabarcoding. However, metagenomics is even more strongly affected by the lack of reference sequences than is metabarcoding, as the majority of sequences originate from genomic regions that have not yet been sequenced for the putative prey species in question.

Type I-like metalloproteinase in the venom of the West African saw-scaled carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) has anti-trypanosomal activity against African trypanosomes - Ameh Ilu; Mathias A. Chia; Thais R. Cataldi; Carlos A. Labate; Godwin U. Ebiloma; Peter O. Yusuf; Mohammed N. Shuaibu; Emmanuel O. Balogun (Toxicon, 2023)

Population decline in a Pleistocene refugium: Stepwise, drought-related dieback of a South Australian eucalypt - Gunnar Keppel; Udo Sarnow; Ed Biffin; Stefan Peters; Donna Fitzgerald; Evan Boutsalis; Michelle Waycott; Greg R. Guerin (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Distribution and morphometry of pingos, western Canadian Arctic, Northwest Territories, Canada - Stephen A. Wolfe; Peter D. Morse; Ryan Parker; Marcus R. Phillips (Geomorphology, 2023)

Perceptions of accountability and trust in the regulatory governance of wood burning stove sustainability: Survey evidence from the post-Brexit UK - Matthew Wood; Chantelle Wood; Peter Styring; Christopher R. Jones; Jeffery K. Smith; Marianne Day; Rohit Chakraborty; Gloria Mensah (Energy Policy, 2023)

Spatial and temporal control of Archean tectonomagmatic regimes - Eric D. Vandenburg; Oliver Nebel; R. Hugh Smithies; Fabio A. Capitanio; Laura Miller; Peter A. Cawood; Marc-Alban Millet; Emilie Bruand; Jean-François Moyen; Xueying Wang; Yona Nebel-Jacobsen (Earth-Science Reviews, 2023)

Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes - Graeme S. Cumming; Maja Adamska; Michele L. Barnes; Jon Barnett; David R. Bellwood; Joshua E. Cinner; Philippa J. Cohen; Jennifer M. Donelson; Katharina Fabricius; R. Quentin Grafton; Alana Grech; Georgina G. Gurney; et al. (Regional Environmental Change, 2023)
Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 (‘Life below Water’) of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia–Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation; elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change; understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them; costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes; improving seascape technologies and practices; learning to govern and manage seascapes for all; sustainable use, justice, and human well-being; bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions; and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.

Behavioral changes during social ascent and descent in replicate social networks of an African cichlid fish - Peter D. Dijkstra; Taylor J. Piefke; Tyler R. Bonnell (Hydrobiologia, 2023)

The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults - Edward S. Bliss; Samia M. Biki; Rachel H. X. Wong; Peter R. C. Howe; Dean E. Mills (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)
We compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia ( r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli ( r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.

Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclists - Shannon Connolly; Peter Peeling; Martyn J. Binnie; Paul S. R. Goods; Christopher Latella; Janet L. Taylor; Anthony J. Blazevich; Wouter P. Timmerman; Chris R. Abbiss (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)
Purpose A cyclist’s rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/RTD in isometric knee extension, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and sprint cycling; and (ii) relationship among RFD/RTD and peak force/torque between protocols. Methods Eighteen trained cyclists completed two familiarisation and two experimental sessions. Each session involved an isometric knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling protocol, where peak force/torque, average and peak RFD/RTD, and early (0–100 ms) and late (0–200 ms) RFD/RTD were measured. Additionally, measures of quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function were assessed during the knee extension. Results Strong relationships were observed between quadriceps early EMG activity (EMG 50 /M) and knee extension RTD ( r or ρ = 0.51–0.65) and IMTP late RFD ( r = 0.51), and between cycling early or late RTD and peak twitch torque ( r or ρ = 0.70–0.75). Strong-to-very strong relationships were observed between knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling for peak force/torque, early and late RFD/RTD, and peak RFD/RTD ( r or ρ = 0.59–0.80). Conclusion In trained cyclists, knee extension RTD or IMTP late RFD are related to measures of quadriceps central neuromuscular function, while cycling RTD is related to measures of quadriceps peripheral neuromuscular function. Further, the strong associations among force/torque measures between tasks indicate a level of transferability across tasks.

A Spatiotemporal History of Key Pelagic Fish Species in the San Francisco Estuary, CA - Dylan K. Stompe; Peter B. Moyle; Kiva L. Oken; James A. Hobbs; John R. Durand (Estuaries and Coasts, 2023)
Estuaries across the globe have been subject to extensive abiotic and biotic changes and are often monitored to track trends in species abundance. The San Francisco Estuary has been deeply altered by anthropogenic factors, which is reflected in substantial declines in some native and introduced fishes. To track trends in fish abundance, a multitude of monitoring programs have conducted regular fish surveys, some dating back to the late 1950s. While these surveys are all designed to track population-scale changes in fish abundance, they are methodologically distinct, with different target species, varying spatial coverage and sampling frequency, and different gear types. To compensate for individual survey limitations, we modeled pelagic fish distributions with integrated data from many sampling programs. We fit binomial generalized linear mixed models with spatial and spatiotemporal random effects to map annual trends in the spatially explicit detection probabilities of striped bass, Delta smelt, longfin smelt, threadfin shad, and American shad for the years 1980 to 2017. Overall, detection probability has declined by approximately 50% for striped bass and is now near zero for the two smelt species, while threadfin shad and American shad have both experienced fluctuations with only slightly reduced detection probabilities by 2017. Detection probabilities decreased dramatically for these fishes in the Central and South Delta, especially after the year 2000. In contrast, Suisun Marsh and the North Delta acted as refuge habitats with reduced levels of decline or even increased detection probabilities for some species. Our modeling approach, using disparate datasets, demonstrates the simultaneous spatially driven decline of pelagic fish species in a highly altered estuary.

Extreme climatic events alter the aquatic insect community in a pristine German stream - Jana S. Dietrich; Ellen A. R. Welti; Peter Haase (Climatic Change, 2023)
As a result of ongoing climate change, extreme climatic events (ECEs) are expected to become more frequent and severe. The high biodiversity of riverine ecosystems is susceptible to ECEs, especially to water temperature (extreme heat and extreme cold) and discharge-related (flood and drought) events. Long time series are needed to unravel the effects of ECEs on ecological communities. Here, we used 20 years (1986–2005) of unusually high-resolution data from a pristine first-order stream in Germany. Daily recordings of species-level identified aquatic insect (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera: EPT) emergence, water temperature and discharge data were used to examine the effects of four types of ECEs (extreme heat, extreme cold, flood, and drought events) on insect abundance, common taxonomic diversity metrics, and selected traits after five different time lags (2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Extreme heat events increased from 1.8 ± 1.9 SE events per year before 2000 to 5.3 ± 1.9 SE events per year after 2000. Water temperature-related ECEs restructured the EPT community in abundance, species richness, and traits (community temperature index: CTI, and dispersal capacity metric: DCM). The strongest effects on the EPT community were found when it was exposed to multiple ECEs and 1 and 3 months after an ECE. The changing frequencies and durations of ECEs, especially the increasing frequency of extreme heat events and the negative cumulative effects of ECEs, paint a worrisome picture for the future of EPT communities in headwater streams. High-resolution, long-term data across sites is needed to further disentangle the effects of different ECE stressors.

Growing and non-growing season nitrous oxide emissions from a manured semiarid cropland soil under irrigation - Robert S. Dungan; April B. Leytem; Amber D. Moore; David L. Bjorneberg; Peter R. Grace; Christian Brunk; David W. Rowlings (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023)

Effects of an ensonified bubble curtain and a cyclic sound on blocking 10 species of fishes including 4 invasive carps in a laboratory flume - Jane R. Feely; Peter W. Sorensen (Biological Invasions, 2023)

Plastid DNA sequence data of the extinct Logania depressa (Loganiaceae) from New Zealand confirm its generic placement - Peter B. Heenan; Rob D. Smissen; Theresa L. Cole; Jamie R. Wood (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2023)
The generic placement of the enigmatic and extinct Logania depressa from New Zealand has been uncertain due to the paucity of available plant material. This diminutive plant has only been collected once from the central North Island, New Zealand, by William Colenso on 22 February 1847. Logania depressa is dioecious and the single collection comprises only male flowers and does not include female flowers or fruit that feature generic diagnostic characters. Previously its relationship to Geniostoma has been considered and its affinities to Orianthera are unknown. Orianthera has been recently recognised as a segregate of Logania . Using leaf material from a small fragment of L. depressa held in Allan Herbarium (CHR) we recovered 9,368 bp of plastid sequence data that mapped to Mitreola yangchuensis , with Mitreola being the closest generic relative of Logania for which whole genome data was available. Available genetic data for Loganiaceae is limited to several chloroplast markers, including the rps 16 intron, pet D intron, and pet D– pet B intergenic spacer. From the novel plastid sequence data for Logania depressa , 48 bp of the rps 16 intron, 45 bp of the pet D intron and 49 bp of the pet D– pet B intergenic spacer could be recovered to compare with available Loganiaceae sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirmed L. depressa as the only New Zealand member of Logania sens. str., but its relationships to Australian species are unresolved.

When does early‐life telomere length predict survival? A case study and meta‐analysis - Justin R. Eastwood; Andréaz Dupoué; Kaspar Delhey; Simon Verhulst; Andrew Cockburn; Anne Peters (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Suboptimal conditions during development can shorten telomeres, the protective DNA caps on the end of chromosomes. Shorter early‐life telomere length (TL) can indicate reduced somatic maintenance, leading to lower survival and shorter lifespan. However, despite some clear evidence, not all studies show a relationship between early‐life TL and survival or lifespan, which may be due to differences in biology or study design (e.g., survival period measured). In superb fairy‐wrens ( Malurus cyaneus ), we assessed whether early‐life TL predicts mortality across different life‐history stages (fledgling, juvenile, adult). However, in contrast to a similar study on a congener, early‐life TL did not predict mortality across any life stage in this species. We then performed a meta‐analysis including 32 effect sizes from 23 studies (15 birds and three mammals) to quantify the effect of early‐life TL on mortality whilst taking into consideration potential sources of biological and methodological variation. Overall, the effect of early‐life TL on mortality was significant, corresponding to a 15% reduction in mortality risk with each standard deviation increase in TL. However, the effect became weaker when correcting for publication bias. Contrary to our predictions, there was no evidence that effects of early‐life TL on mortality varied with species lifespan or the period over which survival was measured. However, negative effects of early‐life TL on mortality risk were pervasive throughout life. These results imply that effects of early‐life TL on mortality are more likely to be context‐dependent than age‐dependent, although substantial power and publication bias issues highlight the need for more research.

Immune genotypes, immune responses, and survival in a wild bird population - Martha J. Nelson‐Flower; Leanne A. Grieves; Jane M. Reid; Ryan R. Germain; Savo Lazic; Sabrina S. Taylor; Elizabeth A. MacDougall‐Shackleton; Peter Arcese (Molecular Ecology, 2023)
Individuals vary in their immune genotype, inbreeding coefficient f , immune responses, survival to adulthood, and adult longevity. However, whether immune genes predict survival or longevity, whether such relationships are mediated through immune responses, and how f affects immune genotype remain unclear. We use a wild song sparrow ( Melospiza melodia ) population in which survival to adulthood, adult longevity, and f were measured precisely, and in which immune responses have previously been assessed. We investigate four toll‐like receptor (TLR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB exon 2 genes. We test whether immune genes predict fitness (survival to adulthood or adult longevity); whether immune genes predict immune response; whether immune response predicts fitness and whether fitness, immune responses, or immune genotypes are correlated with f . We find that survival to adulthood is not associated with immune gene variation, but adult longevity is decreased by high MHC allele diversity (especially in birds that were relatively outbred), and by the presence of a specific MHC supertype. Immune responses were affected by specific immune genotypes. Survival to adulthood and adult longevity were not predicted by immune response, implying caution in the use of immune response as a predictor for fitness. We also found no relationship between f and immune genotype. This finding indicates that immune gene associations with longevity and immune response are not artefacts of f , and suggests that pathogen‐mediated selection at functional loci can slow the loss of genetic variation arising from genetic drift and small population size.

Macroalgae exhibit diverse responses to human disturbances on coral reefs - Sara E. Cannon; Simon D. Donner; Angela Liu; Pedro C. González Espinosa; Andrew H. Baird; Julia K. Baum; Andrew G. Bauman; Maria Beger; Cassandra E. Benkwitt; Matthew J. Birt; Yannick Chancerelle; Joshua E. Cinner; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Scientists and managers rely on indicator taxa such as coral and macroalgal cover to evaluate the effects of human disturbance on coral reefs, often assuming a universally positive relationship between local human disturbance and macroalgae. Despite evidence that macroalgae respond to local stressors in diverse ways, there have been few efforts to evaluate relationships between specific macroalgae taxa and local human‐driven disturbance. Using genus‐level monitoring data from 1205 sites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, we assess whether macroalgae percent cover correlates with local human disturbance while accounting for factors that could obscure or confound relationships. Assessing macroalgae at genus level revealed that no genera were positively correlated with all human disturbance metrics. Instead, we found relationships between the division or genera of algae and specific human disturbances that were not detectable when pooling taxa into a single functional category, which is common to many analyses. The convention to use percent cover of macroalgae as an indication of local human disturbance therefore likely obscures signatures of local anthropogenic threats to reefs. Our limited understanding of relationships between human disturbance, macroalgae taxa, and their responses to human disturbances impedes the ability to diagnose and respond appropriately to these threats.

Linked disturbance in the temperate forest: Earthworms, deer, and canopy gaps - Samuel P. Reed; Dustin R. Bronson; Jodi A. Forrester; Leah M. Prudent; Anna M. Yang; Austin M. Yantes; Peter B. Reich; Lee E. Frelich (Ecology, 2023)
Despite the large body of theory concerning multiple disturbances, relatively few attempts have been made to test the theoretical assumptions of how and if disturbances interact. Of particular importance is whether disturbance events are linked, as this can influence the probability and intensity of ecological change. Disturbances are linked when one disturbance event increases or decreases the likelihood or extent of another. To this end, we used two long‐term, multi‐disturbance experiments in northern Wisconsin to determine whether earthworm invasion is linked to canopy gap creation and white‐tailed deer browsing. These three disturbances are common and influential within North American temperate forests, making any interactions among them particularly important to understand. We expected both deer and canopy gaps to favor invasive earthworms, particularly species that live close to or on the soil surface. However, we found only partial support of our hypotheses, as both deer exclosures and canopy gaps decreased earthworms in each experiment. Further, earthworm density increased the most over time in areas far from the gap center and in areas with deer present. Deer exclosures primarily decreased Aporrectodea and Lumbricus species, while gaps decreased Dendrobaena and Lumbricus species. Our findings show that earthworm invasion is linked to deer presence and gap‐creating disturbances, which provides new insight in multiple disturbance theory, aboveground–belowground dynamics, and temperate forest management.

Protected area planning to conserve biodiversity in an uncertain future - Richard Schuster; Rachel Buxton; Jeffrey O. Hanson; Allison D. Binley; Jeremy Pittman; Vivitskaia Tulloch; Frank A. La Sorte; Patrick R. Roehrdanz; Peter H. Verburg; Amanda D. Rodewald; Scott Wilson; Hugh P. Possingham; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2023)
Protected areas are a key instrument for conservation. Despite this, they are vulnerable to risks associated with weak governance, land‐use intensification, and climate change. We used a novel hierarchical optimization approach to identify priority areas for expanding the global protected area system that explicitly accounted for such risks while maximizing protection of all known terrestrial vertebrate species. To incorporate risk categories, we built on the minimum set problem, where the objective is to reach species distribution protection targets while accounting for 1 constraint, such as land cost or area. We expanded this approach to include multiple objectives accounting for risk in the problem formulation by treating each risk layer as a separate objective in the problem formulation. Reducing exposure to these risks required expanding the area of the global protected area system by 1.6% while still meeting conservation targets. Incorporating risks from weak governance drove the greatest changes in spatial priorities for protection, and incorporating risks from climate change required the largest increase (2.52%) in global protected area. Conserving wide‐ranging species required countries with relatively strong governance to protect more land when they bordered nations with comparatively weak governance. Our results underscore the need for cross‐jurisdictional coordination and demonstrate how risk can be efficiently incorporated into conservation planning. Planeación de las áreas protegidas para conservar la biodiversidad en un futuro incierto

A molluscan class struggle: exploring the surprisingly uneven distribution of chemosymbiosis among two major mollusk groups - Ian V. Hughes; Peter R. Girguis (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023)
Many bivalves and gastropods from marine reducing environments such as deep ocean hydrothermal vents and seeps host chemosynthetic bacteria in a nutritional symbiosis. Despite their functional similarities, the distribution of chemosymbiosis in these two mollusk classes is surprisingly uneven: the number of bivalve species known to host chemosynthetic symbionts is more than twenty times that of gastropods, and chemosymbiotic bivalves are reported from a far greater diversity of marine habitats. Here we explore the potential drivers for this trend, including but not limited to physiological differences, habitat characteristics, and sampling bias. Sampling bias likely contributes to the magnitude of the observed discrepancy, but we posit that the phenomenon itself reveals how intrinsic (e.g. morphology) and extrinsic (e.g. organic matter availability) factors might have shaped the distribution of extant gastropod and bivalve associations. These observations also serve as an impetus for increasing investigation into gastropods and other mollusks from chemically reducing environments to better understand the evolution and ecology of chemosymbiosis among molluscan hosts.

LogD-based modelling and ΔlogD as a proxy for pH-dependent action of ionizable chemicals reveal the relevance of both neutral and ionic species for fish embryotoxicity and possess great potential for practical application in the regulation of chemicals - Heinz-R. Köhler; Thomas Gräff; Mona Schweizer; Jasmin Blumhardt; Jasmin Burkhardt; Lisa Ehmann; Janine Hebel; Christoph Heid; Lone Kundy; Julia Kuttler; Miroslava Malusova; Friederike-Marie Moroff; et al. (Water Research, 2023)

PlantACT! – how to tackle the climate crisis - Heribert Hirt; Salim Al-Babili; Marilia Almeida-Trapp; Antoine Martin; Manuel Aranda; Dorothea Bartels; Malcolm Bennett; Ikram Blilou; Damian Boer; Alix Boulouis; Chris Bowler; Sophie Brunel-Muguet; et al. (Trends in Plant Science, 2023)

Automated sensor-based quantification of soil water retention and microbial respiration across drying conditions - Huijie Gan; Wayne R. Roper; Peter M. Groffman; Thomas F. Morris; Karl Guillard (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2023)

Interactions between marine megafauna and plastic pollution in Southeast Asia - Lucy C.M. Omeyer; Emily M. Duncan; Neil Angelo S. Abreo; Jo Marie V. Acebes; Lea A. AngSinco-Jimenez; Sabiqah T. Anuar; Lemnuel V. Aragones; Gonzalo Araujo; Luis R. Carrasco; Marcus A.H. Chua; Muhammad R. Cordova; Lantun P. Dewanti; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Dynamic emergent leaf area in tidal wetlands: Implications for satellite-derived regional and global blue carbon estimates - Peter A. Hawman; Deepak R. Mishra; Jessica L. O'Connell (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Phylogenomics and biogeography of arid-adapted Chlamydogobius goby fishes - Krystina D. Mossop; Alan R. Lemmon; Emily Moriarty Lemmon; Ron Eytan; Mark Adams; Peter J. Unmack; Katie Smith Date; Hernán E. Morales; Michael P. Hammer; Bob B.M. Wong; David G. Chapple (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2023)

How much does it cost to mitigate soil erosion after wildfires? - Antonio Girona-García; Carola Cretella; Cristina Fernández; Peter R. Robichaud; Diana C.S. Vieira; Jan Jacob Keizer (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Correction to: Micro‑climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on contamination of maize with aflatoxins than with fumonisins - Justin Temwani Ng’ambi; Joseph Atehnkeng; Maurice Monjerezi; Cosmo Ngongondo; Ephraim Vunain; Connel Ching’anda; Alejandro Ortega‑Beltran; Peter J. Cotty; Limbikani Matumba; R. Bandyopadhyay (Mycotoxin Research, 2023)

Nonlinear response of N2O and N2 emissions to increasing soil nitrate availability in a tropical sugarcane soil - Robert Kirkby; Johannes Friedl; Naoya Takeda; Daniele De Rosa; David W. Rowlings; Peter R. Grace (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2023)
Purpose The reduction of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to dinitrogen (N 2 ) via denitrification and N 2 O source partitioning between nitrification and denitrification remain major uncertainties in sugarcane systems. We therefore investigated magnitude and product stoichiometry of denitrification and production pathways of N 2 O from a tropical sugarcane soil in response to increasing soil nitrate (NO 3 − ) availability. Methods Microcosms were established using a tropical sugarcane soil (Qld, Australia) and emissions of N 2 O and N 2 were measured following fertilisation with 15 NO 3 − –N equivalent to 25, 50 and 100 μg N g −1 soil, simulating soil NO 3 − contents previously observed in situ, and mimicking flood irrigation by wetting the soil close to saturation. Results Cumulative N 2 O emissions increased exponentially with NO 3 − availability, while cumulative N 2 emissions followed an exponential increase to maximum. Average daily N 2 emissions exceeded 5 µg N 2 –N g soil −1 and accounted for > 99% of denitrification. The response of N 2 O suggests preferential NO 3 − reduction with increasing NO 3 − availability, increasing N 2 O even when NO 3 − levels had only a diminishing effect on the overall denitrification rate. The fraction of N 2 O emitted from denitrification increased with NO 3 − availability, and was a function of soil water, NO 3 − and heterotrophic soil respiration. Conclusions Our findings show the exponential increase of N 2 O driven by excess NO 3 − , even though the complete reduction to N 2 dominated denitrification. The low N 2 O/(N 2 O + N 2 ) product ratio questions the use of N 2 O as proxy for overall denitrification rates, highlighting the need for in-situ N 2 measurements to account for denitrification losses from sugarcane systems.

Contribution of cryptochromes and photolyases for insect life under sunlight - Peter Deppisch; Valentina Kirsch; Charlotte Helfrich-Förster; Pingkalai R. Senthilan (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2023)
The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family is essential for life under sunlight because photolyases repair UV-damaged DNA and cryptochromes are normally part of the circadian clock that controls the activity–sleep cycle within the 24-h day. In this study, we aim to understand how the lineage and habitat of an insect affects its CRY/PL composition. To this end, we searched the large number of annotated protein sequences of 340 insect species already available in databases for CRY/PLs. Using phylogenetic tree and motif analyses, we identified four frequent CRY/PLs in insects: the photolyases 6-4 PL and CPDII PL, as well as the mammalian-type cryptochrome (MCRY) and Drosophila-type cryptochrome (DCRY). Assignment of CRY/PLs to the corresponding insects confirmed that light-exposed insects tend to have more CRY/PLs than insects with little light exposure. Nevertheless, even insects with greatly reduced CRY/PLs still possess MCRY, which can be regarded as the major insect cryptochrome. Only flies of the genus Schizophora, which includes Drosophila melanogaster , lost MCRY. Moreover, we found that MCRY and CPDII PL as well as DCRY and 6-4 PL occur very frequently together, suggesting an interaction between the two pairs.

Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout - Matthias Vignon; Mingsha Zhou; Angus R. McIntosh; Cristian Correa; Peter A. H. Westley; Lisa Jacquin; Jacques Labonne; Andrew P. Hendry (Biological Invasions, 2023)

Environmental surveillance detects circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 that was undetected by acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in 2021 in Uganda - Phionah Tushabe; Josephine Bwogi; James Peter Eliku; Francis Aine; Molly Birungi; Joseph Gaizi; Lucy Nakabazzi; Theopista Kabaliisa; Irene Turyahabwe; Prossy Namuwulya; Mary Bridget Nanteza; Henry Bukenya; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2023)
The success of the global polio eradication initiative is threatened by the genetic instability of the oral polio vaccine, which can result in the emergence of pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses following prolonged replication in the guts of individuals with primary immune deficiencies or in communities with low vaccination coverage. Through environmental surveillance, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was detected in Uganda in the absence of detection by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. This underscores the sensitivity of environmental surveillance and emphasizes its usefulness in supplementing AFP surveillance for poliovirus infections in the race towards global polio eradication.

Inflammation and vascular remodeling in COVID-19 hearts - Christopher Werlein; Maximilian Ackermann; Helge Stark; Harshit R. Shah; Alexandar Tzankov; Jasmin Dinonne Haslbauer; Saskia von Stillfried; Roman David Bülow; Ali El-Armouche; Stephan Kuenzel; Jan Lukas Robertus; Marius Reichardt; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2023)
A wide range of cardiac symptoms have been observed in COVID-19 patients, often significantly influencing the clinical outcome. While the pathophysiology of pulmonary COVID-19 manifestation has been substantially unraveled, the underlying pathomechanisms of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 are largely unknown. In this multicentre study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of heart samples from 24 autopsies with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared them to samples of age-matched Influenza H1N1 A ( n = 16), lymphocytic non-influenza myocarditis cases ( n = 8), and non-inflamed heart tissue ( n = 9). We employed conventional histopathology, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (MPX), microvascular corrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast tomography using synchrotron radiation, and direct multiplexed measurements of gene expression, to assess morphological and molecular changes holistically. Based on histopathology, none of the COVID-19 samples fulfilled the established diagnostic criteria of viral myocarditis. However, quantification via MPX showed a significant increase in perivascular CD11b/TIE2 + —macrophages in COVID-19 over time, which was not observed in influenza or non-SARS-CoV-2 viral myocarditis patients. Ultrastructurally, a significant increase in intussusceptive angiogenesis as well as multifocal thrombi, inapparent in conventional morphological analysis, could be demonstrated. In line with this, on a molecular level, COVID-19 hearts displayed a distinct expression pattern of genes primarily coding for factors involved in angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), changes not seen in any of the other patient groups. We conclude that cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is an angiocentric macrophage-driven inflammatory process, distinct from classical anti-viral inflammatory responses, and substantially underappreciated by conventional histopathologic analysis. For the first time, we have observed intussusceptive angiogenesis in cardiac tissue, which we previously identified as the linchpin of vascular remodeling in COVID-19 pneumonia, as a pathognomic sign in affected hearts. Moreover, we identified CD11b + /TIE2 + macrophages as the drivers of intussusceptive angiogenesis and set forward a putative model for the molecular regulation of vascular alterations.

The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects - Afroditi Grigoropoulou; Suhaila Ab Hamid; Raúl Acosta; Emmanuel Olusegun Akindele; Salman A. Al‐Shami; Florian Altermatt; Giuseppe Amatulli; David G. Angeler; Francis O. Arimoro; Jukka Aroviita; Anna Astorga‐Roine; Rafael Costa Bastos; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023)
Motivation Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database , which includes worldwide geo‐referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub‐catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety‐nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub‐datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors. Major taxa and level of measurement Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format The entire tab‐separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowabio.org/project/epto_database/ . Fifty individual datasets are also available at https://fred.igb‐berlin.de , while six datasets have restricted access. For the latter, we share metadata and the contact details of the authors.

Recent advances in synthesis, structural properties, and regulation of nickel sulfide-based heterostructures for environmental water remediation: an insight review - Anuradha Sharma; Peter R. Makgwane; Eric Lichtfouse; Naveen Kumar; Ahmad Hosseini Bandegharaei; Muhammad Tahir (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of printer toner particles in a 3D air-liquid interface, primary cell-based nasal tissue model - Till Jasper Meyer; Nursen Tekin; Peter Hense; Totta Ehret-Kasemo; Nina Lodes; Manuel Stöth; Pascal Ickrath; Thomas Gehrke; Rudolf Hagen; Sofia Dembski; Michael Peer; Maria R. Steinke; et al. (Toxicology Letters, 2023)

Investigating the surfactant antagonism with the Open Source Reconstructed Epidermis (OS-Rep) model - Roland Wedekind; Anja Fischer; Karsten R. Mewes; Peter Brenneisen; Olaf Holtkötter (Toxicology in Vitro, 2023)

Evolving efficiency of inter-basin water transfers in regional water stress alleviation - Kai Duan; Shen Qu; Ning Liu; Gladys R. Dobbs; Peter V. Caldwell; Ge Sun (Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2023)

Bigger lambs or more lambs: The conundrum for New Zealand lamb producers - Adam J. Moloney; Peter R. Tozer; Stephen T. Morris; Paul R. Kenyon (Livestock Science, 2023)

Modeling the kinetics of perfluorooctanoic and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid biodegradation by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 during the feammox process - Matthew W. Sima; Shan Huang; Peter R. Jaffé (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023)

An observing campaign to search for meteoroids of Bennu at Earth - Peter Jenniskens; Dante S. Lauretta; Lindsey R. Koelbel; Martin C. Towner; Phil Bland; Steve Heathcote; Timothy M.C. Abbott; Emmanuel Jehin; Toni Hanke; Elise Fahl; Rynault van Wyk; Tim Cooper; et al. (Icarus, 2023)

Ba/Ca of stylasterid coral skeletons records dissolved seawater barium concentrations - James Kershaw; Joseph A. Stewart; Ivo Strawson; Maria Luiza de Carvalho Ferreira; Laura F. Robinson; Katharine R. Hendry; Ana Samperiz; Andrea Burke; James W.B. Rae; Rusty D. Day; Peter J. Etnoyer; Branwen Williams; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2023)

Monitoring and modeling dispersal of a submerged nearshore berm at the mouth of the Columbia River, USA - Andrew W. Stevens; Hans R. Moritz; Edwin P.L. Elias; Guy R. Gelfenbaum; Peter R. Ruggiero; Stuart G. Pearson; James M. McMillan; George M. Kaminsky (Coastal Engineering, 2023)

Quantifying the relative influence of coastal foredune growth factors on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coast using field observations and the process-based numerical model Windsurf - Paige A. Hovenga; Peter Ruggiero; Michael Itzkin; Katya R. Jay; Laura Moore; Sally D. Hacker (Coastal Engineering, 2023)

Geothermal energy production adversely affects a sensitive indicator species within sagebrush ecosystems in western North America - Peter S. Coates; Brian G. Prochazka; Shawn T. O'Neil; Sarah C. Webster; Shawn Espinosa; Mark A. Ricca; Steven R. Mathews; Michael Casazza; David J. Delehanty (Biological Conservation, 2023)

Structures of the intermediates in the catalytic cycle of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase - Mårten Wikström; Robert B. Gennis; Peter R. Rich (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2023)

Runnels Reverse Mega-pool Expansion and Improve Marsh Resiliency in the Great Marsh, Massachusetts (USA) - J. Grant McKown; David M. Burdick; Gregg E. Moore; Christopher R. Peter; Andrew R. Payne; Jennifer L. Gibson (Wetlands, 2023)

Fostering the Next Generation of Researchers: a Sustainable Mentoring Program for Early Career Toxicologists in Scientific Abstract Review - Mark B. Mycyk; Christine M. Murphy; Michael Chary; Peter R. Chai; Adrienne Dunavin; Alison Meyn; Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2023)

Individual repeatability in the timing of river entry indicates the strong influence of photoperiod in the spawning migrations of iteroparous twaite shad Alosa fallax - Mark I. A. Yeldham; J. Robert Britton; Charles Crundwell; Peter Davies; Jamie R. Dodd; Andrew D. Nunn; Randolph Velterop; Jonathan D. Bolland (Hydrobiologia, 2023)
The timing of entry into freshwater by mature anadromous fishes is an important component of their migration phenology. In iteroparous anadromous species, identifying the migration cues that influence the timing of entry into freshwater, and annual variability in these timings, is important in assessing the extent of individual repeatability. Here, passive acoustic telemetry tracked 71 twaite shad Alosa fallax (‘shad’) returning to the River Severn’s upper estuary over successive spawning seasons, providing individual information on river entry timing and the associated migration cues. The timing of shad returning to the river (defined as their first detection on an acoustic receiver in the upper estuary) was consistent between years and strongly predicted by photoperiod (as increasing day length), whereas water temperatures and flow rates were weak predictors and highly variable between years. Timings of river entry of individual shad were also consistent across consecutive spawning migrations, indicating high individual repeatability. The application of acoustic telemetry in this study thus revealed high repeatability in the timing of annual spawning migrations, which were cued mainly by increasing day length and that, being seasonally predictable, should ensure entry into freshwater with sufficient time to arrive in spawning areas when in-river environmental conditions are favourable.

Perovskite geochronology and petrogenesis of the Neoproterozoic Mad Gap Yards ultramafic lamprophyre dykes, East Kimberley region, Western Australia - Peter J. Downes; A. Lynton Jaques; Cristina Talavera; William L. Griffin; Sarah E. M. Gain; Noreen J. Evans; Wayne R. Taylor; Michael Verrall (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023)

Light map optimization via direct chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in algal photobioreactors - Julian R. Kofler; Leen Labeeuw; Harvey Bates; Alonso Zavafer; Peter J. Ralph (Algal Research, 2023)