Low Levels of Nucleotide Diversity in Crocodylus moreletii and Evidence of Hybridization with C. acutus - David A. Ray; Jennifer A. Dever; Steven G. Platt; Thomas R. Rainwater; Adam G. Finger; Scott T. McMurry; Mark A. Batzer; Brady Barr; Peter J. Stafford; Jenna McKnight; Llewellyn D. Densmore (Conservation Genetics, 2004)

Effects of Direct Ocean CO2 Injection on Deep-Sea Meiofauna - James P. Barry; Kurt R. Buck; Chris F. Lovera; Linda Kuhnz; Patrick J. Whaling; Edward T. Peltzer; Peter Walz; Peter G. Brewer (Journal of Oceanography, 2004)

P-glycoprotein Expression, Localization, and Function in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat and Human Hepatocytes: Relevance to the Hepatobiliary Disposition of a Model Opioid Peptide - Keith A. Hoffmaster; Ryan Z. Turncliff; Edward L. LeCluyse; Richard B. Kim; Peter J. Meier; Kim L. R. Brouwer (Pharmaceutical Research, 2004)

Natural Attenuation-Untersuchungen ?ehemalige Abfalldeponie Osterhofen? - Hermann Rgner; Thomas Holder; Uli Maier; Marti Bayer-Raich; Peter Grathwohl; Georg Teutsch (Grundwasser, 2004)

Countergradient Fluxes of Conserved Variables in the Clear convective and Stratocumulus-topped Boundary Layer: The role of the Entrainment Flux - Stephan R. de Roode; Harm J. J. Jonker; Peter G. Duynkerke; Bjorn Stevens (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004)

Millennial‐scale relationships of diatom species richness and production in two prairie lakes - James A. Rusak; Peter R. Leavitt; Suzanne McGowan; Gemai Chen; Olaf Olson; Sybille Wunsam; Brian F. Cumming (Limnology and Oceanography, 2004)
Insight into the causes and consequences of changes in aquatic biodiversity requires an improved understanding of the nature of the relationships between species richness and ecosystem function over a much longer temporal perspective than we currently possess. We used high‐resolution paleoecological records from two prairie lakes to show that diatom species richness (as fossil frustules) was negatively correlated ( r 2 = 0.09–0.24, p r 2 = 0.13–0.45, p r 2 0.1) by abiotic disturbances such as droughts. Procrustes analyses of the concordance of species change within freshwater communities and the change in richness‐production relationships through time revealed that shifts in diatom community composition could have a large influence in determining the negative relationship between richness and production. Finally, significant correlations ( r 2 = 0.09–0.24, p 15 N) suggested that C and N biogeochemical cycles are also linked to changes in algal biodiversity. Taken together, these analyses suggest that the ongoing disruption of climate and biogeochemical systems by humans may obscure the relationship between aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem function in the future.

Elevated levels of dimethylated‐sulfur compounds in Lake Bonney, a poorly ventilated Antarctic lake - Peter A. Lee; John C. Priscu; Giacomo R. DiTullio; Sarah F. Riseman; Nicole Tursich; Stephen J. de Mora (Limnology and Oceanography, 2004)
Lake Bonney is a permanently ice‐covered lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The lake has two chemically stratified lobes (referred to as the east and west lobes), each with distinct biogenic sulfur profiles. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP p ) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO p ) exceeded 32 and 2 nmol L −1 , respectively, in the photic surface waters of the lake. Maximum DMSP p levels occurred in the deep‐chlorophyll layer of both lobes, a zone dominated by chrysophytes and chlorophytes, which are thought to be the source of dimethylated sulfur in the deep waters of the lake following sedimentation and biogeochemical processing. Waters beneath the chemoclines of both lobes are cold ( 3 times seawater), suboxic, and devoid of phytoplankton biomass and activity. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) levels (>330 nmol L −1 ) in the deep west lobe are among the highest recorded in a natural aquatic ecosystem. In contrast, saline waters of the deep east lobe contain relatively little DMS ( −1 ) but high DMSO d (270 nmol L −1 ), with the latter being the highest observed in any natural aquatic ecosystem. We argue that the differences in the biogenic sulfur profiles between the deep waters of the two lobes arise principally from subtle differences in the redox conditions found in each lobe.

An Overview of Data Integration Methods for Regional Assessment - Nicholas W. Locantore; Liem T. Tran; Robert V. O'Neill; Peter W. McKinnis; Elizabeth R. Smith; Michael O'Connell (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2004)

Assessing Development Pressure in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: An Evaluation of Two Land-Use Change Models - Peter R. Claggett; Claire A. Jantz; Scott J. Goetz; Carin Bisland (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2004)

Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over a Rough Surface - Zhengtong Xie; Peter R. Voke; Paul Hayden; Alan G. Robins (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004)

Seed removal by small mammals, birds and ants in semi‐arid Chile, and comparison with other systems - Douglas A. Kelt; Peter L. Meserve; Julio R. Gutiérrez (Journal of Biogeography, 2004)
Aim This study aims to evaluate the relative importance of birds, small mammals, and ants as seed predators at a semi‐arid site in northern Chile. Location Northern Chile, in Parque Nacional Bosque Fray Jorge (30°41′ N, 71°40′ W, c . 80 m elevation). Methods We studied the relative abilities of birds, small mammals, and ants to find and remove millet seeds either singly (i.e. background seed removal) or in bulk. Single seeds were set in shallow depressions in Plexiglas trays which were established in long and arbitrary transects, and were available either to birds (diurnally) or small mammals (nocturnally) or were covered by hardware cloth and therefore available only to ants. Bulk removal was evaluated with seeds in Petri dishes that also were established in long and arbitrary transects, and trays were either open diurnally (birds) or nocturnally (small mammals); a third set of trays was covered with hardware cloth cages to excluded vertebrates, and ants were given access to Petri dishes with twigs that were arranged across the edge of the dishes. All experiments lasted four days and nights, and trays and dishes were checked and replenished as needed in the morning and evening. In the former study vertebrate consumption was determined as the mean number of seeds removed from trays (within a given transect) minus the number removed from ant‐only trays. Because ants were rarely seen in vertebrate access Petri dishes, however, we did not correct consumption there. Treatments were compared using repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance. In addition to evaluating patterns within this community, we compared our results against those obtained in similar studies in various arid regions. Results Diurnal seed consumption was significantly greater than nocturnal seed consumption, which in turn was significantly greater than consumption by ants. Diurnal consumption was highly seasonal, evidently corresponding to the seasonal arrival and departure of migratory birds. In general, South American sites exhibit much lower levels of seed predation than sites in the northern hemisphere, but removal at our site appears to be much greater and more strongly avian‐dominated than at other sites in South America. Our results are consistent with predictions based on a hypothesis relating precipitation to seed predictability. Main conclusions Both birds and small mammals were much more important seed consumers at our site than elsewhere in South America, whereas ants have been relatively unimportant at all South American sites studied to date. Although the dominant seed consumers differ across sites, overall levels of seed removal appear similar in South America and Australia, and substantially lower than reported from sites in the northern hemisphere and Africa.

Hydrothermal precipitates associated with bimodal volcanism in the Central Bransfield Strait, Antarctica - Sven Petersen; Peter M. Herzig; Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera; Mark D. Hannington; Ian R. Jonasson (Mineralium Deposita, 2004)

Detection of enterovirus capsid protein VP1 in myocardium from cases of myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy by immunohistochemistry: further evidence of enterovirus persistence in myocytes - Hongyi Zhang; Yanwen Li; Dougal R. McClean; Peter J. Richardson; Richard Florio; Mary Sheppard; Karen Morrison; Najma Latif; Michael J. Dunn; Leonard C. Archard (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2004)

Fine mapping of the Schnyder?s crystalline corneal dystrophy locus - Veena Theendakara; Gerard Tromp; Helena Kuivaniemi; Peter S. White; Seema Panchal; Jennifer Cox; R. Scott Winters; Petra Riebeling; Frank Tost; Maria Hoeltzenbein; Timo M. Tervo; Wolfram Henn; et al. (Human Genetics, 2004)

Prior Medical Conditions and Medication use and Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Connecticut United States Women - Yawei Zhang; Theodore R. Holford; Brian Leaderer; Shelia Hoar Zahm; Peter Boyle; Lindsay McOmber Morton; Bing Zhang; Kaiyong Zou; Stuart Flynn; Giovanni Tallini; Patricia H. Owens; Tongzhang Zheng (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

The APE-THESEO Tropical Campaign: An Overview - L. Stefanutti; A. R. MacKenzie; V. Santacesaria; A. Adriani; Stefano Balestri; S. Borrmann; V. Khattatov; P. Mazzinghi; V. Mitev; V. Rudakov; C. Schiller; G. Toci; et al. (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2004)

Rhinobatos nudidorsalis , a new species of shovelnose ray (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae) from the Mascarene Ridge, central Indian Ocean - Peter R. Last; Leonard J.V. Compagno; Kazuhiro Nakaya (Ichthyological Research, 2004)

Effects of pregnanolone alone and in combination with other positive GABA A modulators on complex behavior in rats - Peter J. Winsauer; Joseph M. Moerschbaecher; Lisa R. Gerak; Michael W. Stevenson (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Repeated nicotine exposure enhances responding with conditioned reinforcement - Peter Olausson; J. David Jentsch; Jane R. Taylor (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Biogeography and phylogeny of the New Zealand cicada genera (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data - Peter Arensburger; Thomas R. Buckley; Chris Simon; Max Moulds; Kent E. Holsinger (Journal of Biogeography, 2004)
Aim Determine the geographical and temporal origins of New Zealand cicadas. Location New Zealand, eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Methods DNA sequences from 14 species of cicadas from New Zealand, Australia, and New Caledonia were examined. A total of 4628 bp were analysed from whole genome extraction of four mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II, and ribosomal 12S and 16S subunits) and one nuclear gene (elongation factor‐1 alpha). These DNA sequences were aligned and analysed using standard phylogenetic methods based primarily on the maximum likelihood optimality criterion. Dates of divergences between clades were determined using several molecular clock methods. Results New Zealand cicadas form two well‐defined clades. One clade groups with Australian taxa, the other with New Caledonian taxa. The molecular clock analyses indicate that New Zealand genera diverged from the Australian and New Caledonian genera within the last 11.6 Myr. Main conclusions New Zealand was likely colonized by two or more invasions. One NZ lineage has its closest relatives in Australia and the other in New Caledonia. These invasions occurred well after New Zealand became isolated from other land masses, therefore cicadas must have crossed large bodies of water to reach New Zealand.

Characterisation of early transcriptional changes involving multiple signalling pathways in the Mla13 barley interaction with powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei ) - Ingo Hein; Edward I. Campbell; Mary Woodhead; Peter E. Hedley; Vanessa Young; Wayne L. Morris; Luke Ramsay; Joerg Stockhaus; Paul R. J. Birch; Gary D. Lyon; Adrian C. Newton (Planta, 2004)

Mean sustained pain levels are linked to hemispherical side-to-side differences of primary somatosensory cortex in the complex regional pain syndrome I - Burkhard Pleger; Martin Tegenthoff; Peter Schwenkreis; Frank Janssen; Patrick Ragert; Hubert R. Dinse; Birgit Vlker; Michael Zenz; Christoph Maier (Experimental Brain Research, 2004)

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Tropical and Temperate Agriculture: The need for a Full-Cost accounting of Global Warming Potentials - G. Philip Robertson; Peter R. Grace (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2004)

Natural Attenuation-Untersuchungen ?Teerlproduktefabrik/ehemaliges Gaswerk Kehl? - Hermann Rgner; Thomas Holder; Urban Ronecker; Gerd Schiffler; Peter Grathwohl; Georg Teutsch (Grundwasser, 2004)

Nitrogen cycling in the soil–plant system along a precipitation gradient in the Kalahari sands - Julieta N. Aranibar; Luanne Otter; Stephen A. Macko; Chris J. W. Feral; Howard E. Epstein; Peter R. Dowty; Frank Eckardt; Herman H. Shugart; Robert J. Swap (Global Change Biology, 2004)
Nitrogen (N) cycling was analyzed in the Kalahari region of southern Africa, where a strong precipitation gradient (from 978 to 230 mm mean annual precipitation) is the main variable affecting vegetation. The region is underlain by a homogeneous soil substrate, the Kalahari sands, and provides the opportunity to analyze climate effects on nutrient cycling. Soil and plant N pools, 15 N natural abundance ( δ 15 N), and soil NO emissions were measured to indicate patterns of N cycling along a precipitation gradient. The importance of biogenic N 2 fixation associated with vascular plants was estimated with foliar δ 15 N and the basal area of leguminous plants. Soil and plant N was more 15 N enriched in arid than in humid areas, and the relation was steeper in samples collected during wet than during dry years. This indicates a strong effect of annual precipitation variability on N cycling. Soil organic carbon and C/N decreased with aridity, and soil N was influenced by plant functional types. Biogenic N 2 fixation associated with vascular plants was more important in humid areas. Nitrogen fixation associated with trees and shrubs was almost absent in arid areas, even though Mimosoideae species dominate. Soil NO emissions increased with temperature and moisture and were therefore estimated to be lower in drier areas. The isotopic pattern observed in the Kalahari ( 15 N enrichment with aridity) agrees with the lower soil organic matter, soil C/N, and N 2 fixation found in arid areas. However, the estimated NO emissions would cause an opposite pattern in δ 15 N, suggesting that other processes, such as internal recycling and ammonia volatilization, may also affect isotopic signatures. This study indicates that spatial, and mainly temporal, variability of precipitation play a key role on N cycling and isotopic signatures in the soil–plant system.

Building and Testing an a priori Geophysical Model for Western Eurasia and North Africa - Michael E. Pasyanos; William R. Walter; Megan P. Flanagan; Peter Goldstein; Joydeep Bhattacharyya (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2004)

Heterologous expression of a keto hexokinase in potato plants leads to inhibited rates of photosynthesis, severe growth retardation and abnormal leaf development - Peter Geigenberger; Babette Regierer; Anna Lytovchenko; Andrea Leisse; Nicolas Schauer; Fransiska Springer; Jens Kossmann; Alisdair R. Fernie (Planta, 2004)

Effects of Exotic Earthworms on Soil Phosphorus Cycling in Two Broadleaf Temperate Forests - Esteban R. Surez; Derek M. Pelletier; Timothy J. Fahey; Peter M. Groffman; Patrick J. Bohlen; Melany C. Fisk (Ecosystems, 2004)

Foods, nutrients and prostate cancer - Allison M. Hodge; Dallas R. English; Margaret R.E. McCredie; Gianluca Severi; Peter Boyle; John L. Hopper; Graham G. Giles (Cancer Causes & Control, 2004)

Nicotine enhances responding with conditioned reinforcement - Peter Olausson; J. David Jentsch; Jane R. Taylor (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Electrolytic lesions and pharmacological inhibition of the dorsal raphe nucleus prevent stressor potentiation of morphine conditioned place preference in rats - Matthew J. Will; Andre Der-Avakian; Sondra T. Bland; Ruth E. Grahn; Sayamwong E. Hammack; Peter D. Sparks; Julie L. Pepin; Linda R. Watkins; Steven F. Maier (Psychopharmacology, 2004)

Regional-Scale Heat and Water Vapour Fluxes in an Agricultural Landscape: An Evaluation of CBL Budget Methods at OASIS - Helen A. Cleugh; Michael R. Raupach; Peter R. Briggs; Peter A. Coppin (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004)

Concentration-Dependent Effects of Polyethylene Glycol 400 on Gastrointestinal Transit and Drug Absorption - Julia D. R. Schulze; Wendy A. Waddington; Peter J. Ell; Gary E. Parsons; Mark D. Coffin; Abdul W. Basit (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Assessment of the Diversity of African Primates - Peter Grubb; Thomas M. Butynski; John F. Oates; Simon K. Bearder; Todd R. Disotell; Colin P. Groves; Thomas T. Struhsaker (International Journal of Primatology, 2003)

Trifluoperazine inhibits the MgATPase activity and in vitro motility of conventional and unconventional myosins - James R. Sellers; Fei Wang; Peter D. Chantler (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2003)

Hispidula gen. nov. (Helotiales, Hyaloscyphaceae) in Australia and New Zealand - Peter R. Johnston (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Five species are described in the new discomycete genus Hispidula. The genus is characterised by very long excipular hairs (the walls of which are dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent) aggregated into large, tapering, tooth‐like appendages, and a two‐layered ectal excipulum. The outer layer of the ectal excipulum is confined to the lower half of the receptacle and comprises angular to brick‐shaped cells with thickened, gelatinous walls, in rows at a high angle to the surface of the receptacle. The inner layer extends to the edge of the disc, and its cylindric to long‐cylindric cells also have thickened, gelatinous walls. The presence of dextrinoid excipular hairs suggests a relationship with genera such as Hyalopeziza and Unguicularia. The genus is known only from Australia and New Zealand, three species from Dracophyllum (Epacridaceae), one from tree ferns (described previously as Cyathicula dicksoniae ) , and one from Acmena (Myrtaceae).

Morphological and genetic diversity in the New Zealand fern Polystichum vestitum (Dryopteridaceae), with special reference to the Chatham Islands - Leon R. Perrie; Patrick J. Brownsey; Peter J. Lockhart; Mark F. Large (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Some plants of Polystichum from the Chatham Islands exhibit morphological character states unknown from the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Several workers have suggested that these plants should be given taxonomic recognition. However, analyses of morphological and molecular (AFLP‐DNA fingerprinting) data provide no strong evidence that these morphologically divergent Chatham Islands plants constitute an evolutionary lineage separate from the remainder of P. vestitum. We consequently suggest the retention of P. vestitum as a single, albeit morphologically variable, taxonomic species, with no subspecies. Varietal‐level classification of the morphological variation is discussed, but its implementation is not recommended. Morphological similarities between some plants of P. vestitum from the Chatham Islands and some from the islands in the subantarctic and around Stewart Island are not reflected by a close genetic relationship.

Structural Determinants of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport of Glucocorticoids - Charles R. Yates; Cheng Chang; Jeffrey D. Kearbey; Kazuto Yasuda; Erin G. Schuetz; Duane D. Miller; James T. Dalton; Peter W. Swaan (Pharmaceutical Research, 2003)

Biogeography of temperate Australasian Polystichum ferns as inferred from chloroplast sequence and AFLP - Leon R. Perrie; Patrick J. Brownsey; Peter J. Lockhart; Elizabeth A. Brown; Mark F. Large (Journal of Biogeography, 2003)
Aim and location New Zealand began to separate from Gondwana c. 85 Ma, and has been isolated from the nearest large landmass, Australia, by some 2000 km of the Tasman Sea since c. 60 Ma. Given New Zealand's long geographical isolation, there has been considerable interest in explaining the origins of its different biotic elements. Here we investigate the biogeography of the fern genus Polystichum from temperate Australasia. Six species are found in New Zealand, four in Australia, and two on Lord Howe Island. Methods The evolutionary relationships between the twelve Polystichum species found in temperate Australasia were inferred from phylogenetic analyses of two molecular data sets: DNA sequence from the chloroplast rps4–trnS spacer locus; and AFLP DNA‐fingerprinting. The timing of the separation between Australian and New Zealand Polystichum was estimated by using the fossil record to temporally calibrate the rbcL sequence differentiation between representative species from these regions. Results Species of Polystichum from New Zealand appear to comprise a monophyletic group. This suggests that Polystichum crossed the Tasman only once. Temporal calibration of the rbcL sequence differentiation between Australian and New Zealand Polystichum indicates that a vicariant explanation for their separation can be rejected in favour of trans‐oceanic dispersal. Main conclusions The extant diversity within New Zealand Polystichum appears to have been derived from a single, trans‐oceanic dispersal event (within the last c. 20 Myr), followed by a relatively extensive in situ ecological radiation.

Prostaglandin F2α induces unsynchronized intracellular calcium oscillations in monolayers of gap junctionally coupled NRK fibroblasts - Erik G. A. Harks; Wim J. J. M. Scheenen; Peter H. J. Peters; Everardus J. J. van Zoelen; Alexander P. R. Theuvenet (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2003)

Dry matter production and allocation in Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia seedlings in response to soil water deficits - Michael R. Ngugi; Mark A. Hunt; David Doley; Paul Ryan; Peter Dart (New Forests, 2003)

Right ventricular collagen and fibronectin levels in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect - Theodorus H.F. Peters; Peter L. de Jong; Lennart Klompe; Rolf M.F. Berger; Pramod R. Sazena; Hari S. Sharma; Ad J.J.C. Bogers (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Differences in the abilities of individual fingers during the performance of fast, repetitive tapping movements - Tomoko Aoki; Peter R. Francis; Hiroshi Kinoshita (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Strategies for the Control of Fusarium Head Blight in Cereals - Stoyan R. Pirgozliev; Simon G. Edwards; Martin C. Hare; Peter Jenkinson (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2003)

The REE-Ti mineral chevkinite in comenditic magmas from Gran Canaria, Spain: a SYXRF-probe study - Valentin R. Troll; Peter M. Sachs; Hans-Ulrich Schmincke; Mari Sumita (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2003)

A rapid PCR-RFLP diagnostic test for distinguishing sympatric bandicoot species (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) in southeastern Australia - Kyall R. Zenger; Mark D.B. Eldridge; Peter G. Johnston (Conservation Genetics, 2003)

Alcohol use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among Connecticut women (United States) - Lindsay McOmber Morton; Theodore R. Holford; Brian Leaderer; Yawei Zhang; Shelia Hoar Zahm; Peter Boyle; Stuart Flynn; Giovanni Tallini; Patricia H. Owens; Bing Zhang; Tongzhang Zheng (Cancer Causes & Control, 2003)

Root and hypocotyl growth in transgenic tomatoes that express the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase - K. Peter Pauls; Bhaju K. Tamot; Bernard R. Glick (Journal of Plant Biology, 2003)

Climatic control of ultraviolet radiation effects on lakes - Peter R. Leavitt; B. F. Cumming; J. P. Smol; M. Reasoner; R. Pienitz; D. A. Hodgson (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damages most biota, yet little evidence exists for its long‐term effects on natural ecosystems. We used paleoecological techniques at three low‐elevation lakes to show that algal abundance in lakes was depressed 10‐fold by UVR during the first millennium of lake existence. Likewise, analysis of data from a lake near treeline showed that algal biomass declined 10–25‐fold both early in the lake history and during the last ~4000 yr, when inputs of UVR‐absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) declined despite constant nutrient levels since ~10,000 14 C yr before the present. This rapid (–1.25% yr −1 ), sustained (>600 yr) suppression of algal abundance arose from directional climate change that reduced DOM inputs and occurred despite initial reservoirs of photoprotective DOM that are typical of most boreal lakes. Hence, we conclude that many lakes may be vulnerable to order‐of‐magnitude declines in algal abundance arising from future climate‐DOM‐UVR interactions.

A microdialysis profile of ?-endorphin and catecholamines in the rat nucleus accumbens following alcohol administration - Peter W. Marinelli; Rmi Quirion; Christina Gianoulakis (Psychopharmacology, 2003)

The variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 gene is not associated with coronary heart disease - Marion Vosberg; Jrgen Jahn; Matthias Entelmann; Hugo A. Katus; Peter Bugert; Michael M. Hoffmann; Bernhard R. Winkelmann; Winfried Mrz; Ulrich Mansmann; Bernhard O. Boehm; Siegfried Goerg; Harald Klter (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2003)

Increased prevalence of CFTR mutations and variants and decreased chloride secretion in primary sclerosing cholangitis - Meredith M. Regan; Peter R. Durie; Julian Zielenski; Sunil Sheth; Julie C. Shea; Michele D. Bishop; Sanjiv Chopra; Emily Malmberg; Carolyn Walker; Ryan Ricci; Lap-Chee Tsui; Steven D. Freedman (Human Genetics, 2003)

Wolbachia Infections of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci - Gina K. Banks; Donald R. Frohlich; Zoe Veneti; Henk R. Braig; Thomas A. Miller; Ian D. Bedford; Peter G. Markham; Charalambos Savakis; Kostas Bourtzis; Androniki Nirgianaki (Current Microbiology, 2003)

APPEARANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND GENETIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF LONGMAN'S BEAKED WHALE, INDOPACETUS PACIFICUS - Merel L. Dalebout; C. Scott Baker; R. Charles Anderson; Peter B. Best; Victor G. Cockcroft; Harvey L. Hinsz; Victor Peddemors; Robert L. Pitman (Marine Mammal Science, 2003)
A bstract Longman's beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus , was known previously from only two skulls. Here we describe four new specimens of this species from strandings in the western and central Indian Ocean. Two juveniles, previously misidentified from external morphology as Hyperoodon planifrons , were identified as I. pacificus through diagnostic characteristics of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences derived from the holotype of this species. Images of the external appearance and teeth of the species are presented for the first time. Comparison of the color pattern of these new specimens with that of “tropical bottlenose whales” sighted in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans confirm that those unidentified whales represent I. pacificus. Moore (1968) erected a new genus, Indopacetus , for this species (described initially as Mesoplodon pacificus ) based primarily on cranial morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of short mtDNA fragments available from the specimens known to date were unable to resolve the validity of this genus. However, the diagnostic osteological features highlighted by Moore (1968) for Indopacetus were also observed in the new specimens. Rib count and number of fused cervical vertebrae may also be diagnostic. Rostrum depth at mid‐length and melon shape further distinguish this species from Mesoplodon beaked whales. As such, we see no reason on morphological grounds to overturn Moore's (1968) proposal that Longman's beaked whale is sufficiently distinct to be afforded its own genus.

Development and Validation of a Fast PCR-Based Detection Method for Pathogenic Isolates of the Citrus Black Spot Fungus, Guignardia citricarpa - Peter J.M. Bonants; George C. Carroll; Marjanne de Weerdt; Ilse R. van Brouwershaven; Robert P. Baayen (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2003)

Design of the Jacky dragon visual display: signal and noise characteristics in a complex moving environment - R. A. Peters; C. S. Evans (Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2003)

Evidence for an allopolyploid complex in New Zealand Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) - Leon R. Perrie; Patrick J. Brownsey; Peter J. Lockhart; Mark F. Large (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Evidence is provided for the first demonstrated example of allopolyploidy in the New Zealand fern flora. Cytological, morphological, and molecular (AFLP‐DNA fingerprinting) analyses indicate that the fern previously known as Polystichum richardii constitutes an allopolyploid complex, in which four separate evolutionary lineages are present. These are here recognised as three taxonomic species, with one of these encompassing two subspecies. The two allo‐octoploid lineages are accommodated under the reinstated name P. neozelandicum, each as a separate subspecies: P. neozelandicum subsp. neozelandicum and the new combination P. neozelandicum subsp. zerophyllum. The new combination P. wawranum is made for one of the tetraploid lineages, while the name P. oculatum is reinstated for the other. Polystichum richardii is a later synonym of P. neozelandicum, and hence is not a legitimate name for any of the taxa recognised here.

Ab initio multiconfiguration reference perturbation theory calculations on the energetics of low-energy spin states of iron(III) porphyrins - Abhik Ghosh; B. Joakim Persson; Peter R. Taylor (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Reduced hybrid cluster proteins (HCP) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough): X-ray structures at high resolution using synchrotron radiation - David Aragão; Sofia Macedo; Edward P. Mitchell; Célia V. Romão; Ming Y. Liu; Carlos Frazão; Lígia M. Saraiva; António V. Xavier; Jean LeGall; Walter M. A. M. van Dongen; Wilfred R. Hagen; Miguel Teixeira; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Intercomparison of Stratospheric Chemistry Models under Polar Vortex Conditions - M. Krämer; Ri. Müller; H. Bovensmann; J. Burrows; J. Brinkmann; E. P. Röth; J.-U. Grooß; Ro. Müller; Th. Woyke; R. Ruhnke; G. Günther; J. Hendricks; et al. (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2003)

El Niño effects on soil seed bank dynamics in north-central Chile - Julio R. Gutiérrez; Peter L. Meserve (Oecologia, 2003)

Analysis of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Relation to Environmental Gradients among Lotic Habitats of California's Central Valley - Michael B. Griffith; Peter Husby; Robert K. Hall; Philip R. Kaufmann; Brian H. Hill (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Alpha-Galactosyl trisaccharide epitope: Modification of the 6-primary positions and recognition by human anti-αGal antibody - Peter R. Andreana; Przemyslaw Kowal; Adam J. Janczuk; Peng George Wang (Glycoconjugate Journal, 2003)

Geographic variation in morphology and flavonoid chemistry in Hebe pubescens and H. bollonsii (Scrophulariaceae), including a new infraspecific classification for H. pubescens - Michael J. Bayly; Alison V. Kellow; Peter J. de Lange; Kevin A. Mitchell; Kenneth R. Markham; Phil J. Garnock‐Jones; Patrick J. Brownsey (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003)
Geographic variation in morphology, leaf anatomy, and flavonoid chemistry is appraised in Hebe pubescens, H. bollonsii, and allied plants from islands of outer Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand. The circumscription of H. pubescens is modified to include plants from Great Barrier, Little Barrier, and the Mokohinau Islands, as well as the Coromandel Peninsula and immediately surrounding islands. A new infraspecific classification is proposed for H. pubescens, wherein three subspecies are recognised. Subspecies pubescens occurs on the Coromandel Peninsula and immediately surrounding islands, and also at Papanui Point on the western coast of the Firth of Thames. Subspecies rehuarum occurs on Great Barrier Island. Subspecies sejuncta occurs primarily on the Mokohinau Islands and Little Barrier Island, with a single plant also known on Great Barrier Island. Populations of H. pubescens probably form a cline of variation, and some forms of subsp. sejuncta share morphological features with H. bollonsii, which is here considered restricted to the Poor Knights Islands, the Hen and Chickens Islands, and nearby areas of the Northland coast. Possible relationships of H. pubescens and H. bollonsii are discussed. A key to the taxa of Hebe pubescens is provided.

Modulation of IP3-sensitive Ca2+ release by 2,3-butanedione monoxime - Matthew R. Turvey; Alex J. Laude; E. Oliver H. Ives; William H. Seager; Colin W. Taylor; Peter Thorn (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2003)

L-Canavanine as a radiosensitization agent for human pancreatic cancer cells - Aimee K. Bence; Val R. Adams; Peter A. Crooks (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2003)

Examples of high-frequency EPR studies in bioinorganic chemistry - K. Kristoffer Andersson; Peter P. Schmidt; Bettina Katterle; Kari R. Strand; Amy E. Palmer; Sang-Kyu Lee; Edward I. Solomon; Astrid Gräslund; Anne-Laure Barra (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003)

Pharmacological suppression of plastic changes in human primary somatosensory cortex after motor learning - Burkhard Pleger; Peter Schwenkreis; Hubert R. Dinse; Patrick Ragert; Oliver Höffken; Jean-Pierre Malin; Martin Tegenthoff (Experimental Brain Research, 2003)

Transge ne inheritance, segregation and expression in bread wheat - Leonie Rooke; Susan H. Steele; Pilar Barcelo; Peter R. Shewry; Paul A. Lazzeri (Euphytica, 2003)

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contamination in Osprey Eggs and Nestlings from the Canadian Great Lakes Basin, 1991–1995 - Pamela A. Martin; Shane R. De Solla; Peter Ewins (Ecotoxicology, 2003)

The importance of alcohol-induced muscle disease - Victor R. Preedy; Kay Ohlendieck; Junko Adachi; Michael Koll; Alan Sneddon; Ross Hunter; Rajkumar Rajendram; David Mantle; Timothy J. Peters (Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, 2003)

Multilocus sequence typing suggests the chytrid pathogen of amphibians is a recently emerged clone - Erica A. Morehouse; Timothy Y. James; Austen R. D. Ganley; Rytas Vilgalys; Lee Berger; Peter J. Murphy; Joyce E. Longcore (Molecular Ecology, 2003)
Chytridiomycosis is a recently identified fungal disease associated with global population declines of frogs. Although the fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , is considered an emerging pathogen, little is known about its population genetics, including the origin of the current epidemic and how this relates to the dispersal ability of the fungus. In this study, we use multilocus sequence typing to examine genetic diversity and relationships among 35 fungal strains from North America, Africa and Australia. Only five variable nucleotide positions were detected among 10 loci (5918 bp). This low level of genetic variation is consistent with the description of B. dendrobatidis as a recently emerged disease agent. Fixed (i.e. 100%) or nearly fixed frequencies of heterozygous genotypes at two loci suggested that B. dendrobatidis is diploid and primarily reproduces clonally. In contrast to the lack of nucleotide polymorphism, electrophoretic karyotyping of multiple strains demonstrated a number of chromosome length polymorphisms.

Effects of altered citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase expression on internal citrate concentrations and citrate efflux from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) roots - Emmanuel Delhaize; Peter R Ryan; Peter J Hocking; Alan E Richardson (Plant and Soil, 2003)

Strategies to isolate transporters that facilitate organic anion efflux from plant roots - Peter R. Ryan; Bei Dong; Michelle Watt; Tatsuhiko Kataoka; Emmanuel Delhaize (Plant and Soil, 2003)

Biosynthesis of endocannabinoids and their modes of action in neurodegenerative diseases - Mario van der Stelt; Henrik H. Hansen; Wouter B. Veldhuis; Peter R. Bär; Klaas Nicolay; Gerrit A. Veldink; Johannes F. G. Vliegenthart; Harald S. Hansen (Neurotoxicity Research, 2003)

Regulation of Expression of the prb-1b / ACC Deaminase Gene by UV-8 in Transgenic Tomatoes - Bhaju K. Tamota; K. Peter Pauls; Bernard R. Glick (Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2003)

The Effect of Hydroxyurea on the Phosphorylation of Zidovudine and Lamivudine in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - Timothy R. McGuire; Eric B. Hoie; Konstantine K. Manouilov; Peter G. Gwilt (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2003)

THE EFFECT OF HYDROXYUREA ON THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ZIDOVUDINE AND LAMIVUDINE IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS - TIMOTHY R. MCGUIRE; ERIC B. HOIE; KONSTANTINE K. MANOUILOV; PETER G. GWILT (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2003)

The Mysound Project: Building an Estuary-Wide Monitoring Network for Long Island Sound, U.S.A. - Mark Tedesco; W. Frank Bohlen; Mary M. Howard-Strobel; David R. Cohen; Peter A. Tebeau (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2003)

Progress Towards Patient-Specific Computational Flow Modeling of the Left Heart via Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Computational Fluid Dynamics - Nikoo R. Saber; Nigel B. Wood; A. D. Gosman; Robert D. Merrifield; Guang-Zhong Yang; Clare L. Charrier; Peter D. Gatehouse; David N. Firmin (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2003)

Silicate and labile DOC interfere in structuring the microbial food web via algal—bacterial competition for mineral nutrients: Results of a mesocosm experiment - Harry Havskum; T. Frede Thingstad; Renate Scharek; Francesc Peters; Elisa Berdalet; M. Montserrat Sala; Miquel Alcaraz; Jan C. Bangsholt; Ulla Li Zweifel; Åke Hagström; Maite Perez; John R. Dolan (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
The effects of organic and inorganic nutrient enrichments on algal‐bacterial competition were investigated using mesocosms. Interactions were followed over 10 d in 12, 3−m 3 seawater mesocosms in the Isefjord, Denmark. Two sets of four mesocosms were given the same daily addition of “phytoplankton nutrients” (phosphate and nitrate) but received different amounts of glucose, and one set was kept in excess with respect to silicate. Four additional mesocosms served as controls and received either no additions, silicate alone, or glucose alone. In the mesocosm set where no silicate was added, enrichment with phytoplankton nutrients and glucose led to a replacement of diatoms, not by other algae, but by heterotrophic bacteria, mainly bacteria > 2 µ. In the mesocosm set where silicate was kept replete, diatoms competed successfully with bacteria for the uptake of mineral nutrients. Even in mesocosms enriched with high amounts of glucose, primary production increased throughout the experimental period, while bacterial production, after an initial increase, leveled off. In addition, turnover time of glucose increased in the silicate‐replete mesocosm set, consistent with the idea that bacterial consumption was hampered by diatoms competing successfully for phosphate and nitrate. The size and shape of different algal and bacterial groups in relation to nutrient uptake and grazer avoidance are discussed. Both accumulation and consumption of dissolved organic carbon could depend on the structure of the microbial food web.

The role of solar radiation in structuring the shallow benthic communities of boreal forest lakes - William F. Donahue; Michael A. Turner; David L. Findlay; Peter R. Leavitt (Limnology and Oceanography, 2003)
We have attempted to quantify the roles of physical, chemical, and biological interactions structuring the attached algal and invertebrate communities in eight boreal lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, varying in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (3–9 mg L −1 ). Attached benthic communities on rocky, south‐facing shores were sampled at 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, and 1.5 m depths. Multivariate redundancy analysis explained 58% of the variance in algal communities and 75% of the variance in invertebrate communities. Algal composition was determined most by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) fluxes, whereas the composition of associated invertebrates was driven by a combination of exposure to solar radiation and food quality and quantity. Communities on rock surfaces exposed to high solar fluxes in these lakes had very high concentrations of a photoprotective scytonemin‐like pigment (SLP‐A), and were dominated by filamentous green algae. Conversely, deeper, more shielded communities were dominated by diatoms and had low concentrations of SLP‐A. This suggests that previous paleolimnological evidence of SLP‐A increases might reflect changes in littoral attached algal communities rather than planktonic ones. Decreases in DOC concentrations as a result of climate warming will result in increased penetration of solar radiation in boreal lakes. As a result, in the event of decreased precipitation, we predict that the dominance of UVR‐resistant epilithic algae in littoral zones will occur in deeper waters than before, with coincident reductions in densities of many invertebrate taxa in algal biofilms increasingly exposed to high solar fluxes.

Conceptional considerations for a German influenza pandemic preparedness plan - R. Fock; H. Bergmann; H. Bussmann; G. Fell; E.-J. Finke; U. Koch; M. Niedrig; M. Peters; D. Scholz; A. Wirtz (Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2002)

An investigation to estimate genetic parameters in CSIRO's table grape breeding program. 2. Quality characteristics - Xianming Wei; Stephen R. Sykes; Peter R. Clingeleffer (Euphytica, 2002)

Descriptions and flavonoid chemistry of new taxa in Hebe sect. subdistichae(Scrophulariaceae) - Michael J. Bayly; Alison V. Kellow; Kevin A. Mitchell; Kenneth R. Markham; Peter J. de Lange; Gillian E. Harper; Phil J. Garnock‐Jones; Patrick J. Brownsey (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
This paper is a further contribution toward a revision of the species‐level taxonomy of Hebe in New Zealand. Data on morphology, flavonoid chemistry, and chromosome numbers are used in the recognition of new taxa of section Subdistichae Heads. New taxa described herein are: H. societatis, known only from Mt Murchison, Braeburn Range, South Island; H. scopulorum, which occurs in the Awaroa valley, south‐east of Kawhia, North Island; H. rigidula var. sulcata, which occurs on D'Urville Island and nearby areas of northern South Island; H. crenulata, which occurs in mountains of western and central areas of the northern South Island, between the Douglas Range in the north‐west and the Poplars Range in the southeast; and H. cryptomorpha, which occurs primarily on mountains of the Wairau River catchment, South Island. The latter two species cannot always be separated on morphological grounds, and the decision to recognise both at species rank is based on differences in flavonoid chemistry and chromosome number. Distribution maps and illustrations of morphological features are provided for all new taxa.

Chaetoscypha Syd. reassessed - Peter R. Johnston (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
This note proposes the recombination of Chaetoscypha nidulans in Pirottaea, and places Pirottaeafalcata in synonymy with that species. As C. nidulans is the type species of Chaetoscypha Syd. 1924, this genus is now a synonym of Pirottaea Sacc. 1878.

Zoogeography and relationships of Australasian skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) - Peter R. Last; Gordon K. Yearsley (Journal of Biogeography, 2002)
Aim To investigate distributional patterns and derivation of skates in the Australasian realm. Location Australasia. Methods Genus‐group skate taxa were defined for this region for the first time and new systematic information, as well as bathymetric and geographical data, used to identify distribution patterns. Results The extant skate fauna of Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and adjacent subAntarctic dependencies) is highly diverse and endemic with sixty‐two species from twelve currently recognized, nominal genus‐group taxa. These include the hardnose skate (rajin) groups Anacanthobatis , Amblyraja , Dipturus , Okamejei , Rajella and Leucoraja , and softnose skate (arhynchobatin) genera Arhynchobatis , Bathyraja , Insentiraja , Irolita , Pavoraja and Notoraja . Additional new and currently unrecognized nominal taxa of both specific and supraspecific ranks also occur in the region. The subfamily Arhynchobatinae is particularly speciose in Australasia, and the New Zealand/New Caledonian fauna is dominated by undescribed supraspecific taxa and species. The Australian fauna, although well represented by arhynchobatins, is dominated by Dipturus ‐like skates and shows little overlap in species composition with the fauna of New Zealand and New Caledonia. Similarly, these faunas exhibit no overlap with the polar faunas of the Australian subAntarctic dependencies (Heard and Macdonald Islands) to the south. Skates appear to be absent from the Macquarie Ridge at the southern margin of the New Zealand Plateau. Their absence off New Guinea probably reflects inadequate sampling and the subsequent poor knowledge of that region's deepwater fish fauna. Main conclusions Skates appear to have existed in the eastern, Australasian sector of Gondwana before fragmentation in the late Cretaceous. The extant fauna appears to be derived from elements of Gondwanan origin, dispersal from the eastern and western Tethys Sea, and intraregional vicariance speciation.

Phenological studies in Australia: potential application in historical and future climate analysis - Marie R. Keatley; Tim D. Fletcher; Irene L. Hudson; Peter K. Ades (International Journal of Climatology, 2002)
Phenological observations of eucalypts (Myrtaceae) were undertaken in four Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia) from the late 1920s until the early 1980s, by the respective State Forest Commissions. Unfortunately, few records have survived. For Victoria, surviving records encompass 42 forest districts, covering from less than 2 years to 42 years, and approximately 50 species. This paper concentrates on the flowering of four competing species ( Eucalyptus leucoxylon , E. microcarpa , E. polyanthemos , and E. tricarpa ) over 23 years (1940–62) from Maryborough, Victoria, recorded on a monthly basis by one observer over the period. This study represents one of the first attempts to utilize Australian phenological data to detect responses to climate change. There were no significant trends ( P = 0.05) over time in the mean flowering commencement date. Forward stepwise regression found a significant relationship between temperature and flowering commencement in two species ( E. leucoxylon : R 2 = 0.42, P E. polyanthemos : R 2 = 0.47, P = 0.02). Rainfall also had a significant influence on flowering commencement in E. tricarpa ( R 2 = 0.60, P E. leucoxylon ( R 2 = 0.43, P = 0.02) and E. polyanthemos ( R 2 = 0.24, P R 2 = 0.74 to 0.85, P Overall, in response to predicted increases in temperature and summer rainfall, E. leucoxylon and E. tricarpa would commence flowering later. In E. polyanthemos and E. microcarpa , increased temperature and rainfall will result in an earlier onset of flowering. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.

Cadmium stress in sugar cane callus cultures: Effect on antioxidant enzymes - Ricardo F. Fornazier; Renato R. Ferreira; Guilherme J. G. Pereira; Silvia M. G. Molina; R. John Smith; Peter J. Lea; Ricardo A. Azevedo (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2002)

Artificial gene-clusters engineered into plants using a vector system based on intron-and intein-encoded endonucleases - J. Michael Thomson; Peter R. Lafayette; Monica A. Schmidt; Wayne A. Parrott (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2002)

Genetic organisation of Iris yellow spot virus M RNA: indications for functional homology between the G (C) glycoproteins of tospoviruses and animal-infecting bunyaviruses - I. Cortez; A. Aires; A.-M. Pereira; R. Goldbach; D. Peters; R. Kormelink (Archives of Virology, 2002)

Intestinal lipid absorption is not affected in CD36 deficient mice - Jeltje R. Goudriaan; Vivian E.H. Dahlmans; Maria Febbraio; Bas Teusink; Johannes A. Romijn; Louis M. Havekes; Peter J. Voshol (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2002)

Biogeography and ecology of Anostraca (Crustacea) in middle Paroo catchment of the Australian arid-zone - Brian V. Timms; Peter R. Sanders (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

A Marine Bioassay Test Set to Assess Marine Water and Sediment Quality–its Need, the Approach and First Results - C. Peters; S. Becker; U. Noack; S. Pfitzner; W. Bülow; K. Barz; W. Ahlf; R. Berghahn (Ecotoxicology, 2002)

Extinction‐Rate Estimates for a Modern Neotropical Flora - Nigel C. A. Pitman; Peter M. Jørgensen; Robert S. R. Williams; Susana León‐Yánez; Renato Valencia (Conservation Biology, 2002)
Concerns about elevated extinction rates in the tropics are a common feature of the conservation literature, but direct measurements are rare. We present the first quantitative estimates of extinction rate in a complete Neotropical flora based on historical plant‐collection records, quantitative measurements of forest loss and plant diversity, and the conservation status of endemic plant species in Ecuador. Our analyses suggest that 19–46 endemic plant species have gone extinct in Ecuador over the last 250 years, mostly because of habitat loss, and therefore are now globally extinct. An additional 282 species, nearly 7% of Ecuador's endemic flora, qualify as critically endangered. We found evidence of impending large‐scale plant extinctions in the country's coastal and Andean forests, but little extinction and low potential for extinction in the Amazonian lowlands.

Similar Time-Course of Interleukin-1 Beta Production and Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Activation in Permanent Focal Brain Ischemic Injury - Donald A. Skifter; Peter R. Allegrini; Christoph Wiessner; Anis K. Mir (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2002)

From monomers to micelles: investigation of the parameters influencing proton relaxivity - Gaëlle M. Nicolle; Éva Tóth; Klaus-Peter Eisenwiener; Helmut R. Mäcke; André E. Merbach (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)

Ecomorphology of Locomotion in Labrid Fishes - Peter C. Wainwright; David R. Bellwood; Mark W. Westneat (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2002)

Cigarette smoking, glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk (United States) - Tongzhang Zheng; Theodore R. Holford; Shelia H. Zahm; Patricia H. Owens; Peter Boyle; Yawei Zhang; John Pierce Wise; Lisa Pleasants Stephenson; Francis Ali-Osman (Cancer Causes & Control, 2002)

Experimental determination of control of glycolysis in Lactococcus lactis - Brian J. Koebmann; Heidi W. Andersen; Christian Solem; Peter R. Jensen (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2002)

Changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids and putative gonadotropin in association with spawning and brooding behaviour of male demoiselles - N. W. Pankhurst; R. E. Peter (Journal of Fish Biology, 2002)
Nesting male demoiselles Chromis dispilus were captured and blood sampled under water by divers, and plasma levels of reproductive hormones correlated with behavioural status at the time of capture. Plasma gonadotropin‐II (dGtH‐II) was measured using a heterologous assay based on carp GtH‐II standards and an antibody to the β ‐subunit of cGtH‐II. Plasma samples diluted parallel to standards in the assay, and there was a significant transient increase in dGtH‐II in response to treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Male demoiselles had elevated plasma levels of dGtH‐II during periods of reproductive display, but low levels of dGtH‐II during periods of brooding, irrespective of egg stage. Plasma testosterone levels followed a similar pattern whereas plasma 11‐ketotestosterone and 17,20 β ‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one levels tended to remain elevated during the early phases of egg brooding. The results are consistent with earlier studies showing that reproductive hormone levels in demoiselles are behaviourally mediated, and support the view that behavioural alterations of reproductive endocrine status in fishes are mediated through the action of GnRH.

Evidence for facilitated uptake of Hg(II) by Vibrio anguillarum and Escherichia coli under anaerobic and aerobic conditions - George R. Golding; Carol A. Kelly; Richard Sparling; Peter C. Loewen; John W. M. Rudd; Tamar Barkay (Limnology and Oceanography, 2002)
A mer‐lux bioreporter was used to study uptake of inorganic mercury, Hg(II), at trace concentrations by two facultatively anaerobic bacterial species, Vibrio anguillarum and Escherichia coli . Uptake of Hg(II) by these bacteria appeared to be facilitated, rather than by passive diffusion. Three lines of evidence support this conclusion. First, under anaerobic conditions Hg(II) uptake was greatly decreased compared with aerobic conditions, even though the chemical composition of the medium was identical except for the lack of oxygen (i.e., no reducing agents were used). Second, the uptake of Hg(II) under anaerobic conditions was not proportional to the abundance of lipophilic Hg species but was dependent on the total concentration of Hg in the samples. Third, at trace Hg(II) concentrations and under anaerobic conditions, Hg(II) uptake was enhanced by the addition of yeast extract and a variety of low molecular weight organic acids. In addition to demonstrating that Hg(II) uptake by these bacteria had the characteristics of facilitated transport, these lines of evidence also support the conclusion that processes under regulatory control of the cell affected Hg(II) uptake. If these findings apply to other bacteria as well, they mean that current models of Hg(II) uptake by microorganisms in aquatic systems, which are based solely on the role of lipophilic Hg species and passive diffusion, will need to be reconsidered.

On the Possibility of Glucose Sensing Using Boronic Acid and a Luminescent Ruthenium Metal-Ligand Complex - Zakir Murtaza; Leah Tolosa; Peter Harms; Joseph R. Lakowicz (Journal of Fluorescence, 2002)

Clypeostroma spilomeum and C. hemisphaericum reassessed - Peter R. Johnston (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
The type species of Clypeostroma, C. spilomeum, was re‐examined. It was found to be distinct from another Hebe leaf pathogen described from the subantarctic, C. hemisphaericum. C. spilomeum has ascomata with several pseudothecia covered by a common clypeus, fissitunicate asci, 2‐celled ascospores with pale brown walls, and no paraphyses. Although clearly a bitunicate ascomyc‐ete, its relationship amongst these fungi remains uncertain. C. hemisphaericum probably belongs in a different genus, but more material is required before its position can be resolved.

Phylogenetic position of the cryopelagic codfish genus Arctogadus Drjagin, 1932 based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences - Peter R. Møller; Anders D. Jordan; Peter Gravlund; John F. Steffensen (Polar Biology, 2002)

Improved Lung Delivery from a Passive Dry Powder Inhaler Using an Engineered PulmoSphere® Powder - Sarma P. Duddu; Steven A. Sisk; Yulia H. Walter; Thomas E. Tarara; Kevin R. Trimble; Andrew R. Clark; Michael A. Eldon; Rebecca C. Elton; Matthew Pickford; Peter H. Hirst; Stephen P. Newman; Jeffry G. Weers (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Relation Between Potassium-Channel Kinetics and the Intrinsic Dynamics in Isolated Retinal Bipolar Cells - Bu-Qing Mao; Peter R. MacLeish; Jonathan D. Victor (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2002)

Temporal Patterns in Aquatic and Avian Communities Following Selective Logging in the Upper Great Lakes Region - David J. Flaspohler; Casey J FisherHuckins; Brian R. Bub; Peter J. van Dusen (Forest Science, 2002)
We surveyed populations of birds, fish, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in and along riparian systems within northern and mixed-hardwood forests that varied in time since last selection logging. Thirteen headwater stream sites from the Otter River watershed in Michigan's Upper Peninsula were included in the study. We detected a significant negative correlation between a standard index of habitat quality for coldwater streams (Great Lakes Environmental Assessment Section [GLEAS]) and time since last selective logging. Brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitch.) abundance was also negatively correlated with year of forest cut as was the abundance of selected aquatic macroinvertebrate orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Thus, relative to more recently logged stands, stands with older cuts had higher indices of habitat quality, more brook char, and the dominant aquatic macroinvertebrates tended to be those generally associated with higher quality coldwater streams. In contrast, bird species richness was positively related to year of last selective logging. As expected, basal area was lower and ground cover was greater in more recently logged stands. Thus, bird species richness was higher in stands with less basal area (recent cuts) than in stands with more basal area (older cuts). Percent ground cover showed a strong positive correlation with bird species richness. Twelve bird species were detected only in recently logged (since 1990) stands. The results of this multitaxa study suggest that selective logging of riparian forests is associated with changes in local animal abundance and diversity, and these effects appear to persist for approximately 30 yr postharvest. FOR. SCI. 48(2):339–349.

Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases of Livestock Belonging to Resource-poor Farmers in the Eastern Free State of South Africa - Peter A. Mbati; Motseki Hlatshwayo; Moses S. Mtshali; Kagiso R. Mogaswane; Theo D. De Waal; Olusegun O. Dipeolu (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2002)

Chemical Mechanism Development: Laboratory Studies and Model Applications - Harald Geiger; Ian Barnes; Karl H. Becker; Birger Bohn; Theo Brauers; Birgit Donner; Hans-Peter Dorn; Manfred Elend; Carlos M. Freitas Dinis; Dirk Grossmann; Heinz Hass; Holger Hein; et al. (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2002)

Groundwater dynamics along forest-marsh transects in a southeastern salt marsh, USA: Description, interpretation and challenges for numerical modeling - Leonard R. Gardner; Howard W. Reeves; Peter M. Thibodeau (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2002)

Hybrid cluster proteins (HCPs) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough): X-ray structures at 1.25 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation - Sofia Macedo; Edward P. Mitchell; Célia V. Romão; Serena J. Cooper; Ricardo Coelho; Ming Y. Liu; António V. Xavier; Jean LeGall; Susan Bailey; David C. Garner; Wilfred R. Hagen; Miguel Teixeira; et al. (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2002)

Histochemical identification of cortical areas in the auditory region of the human brain - Mark N. Wallace; Peter W. Johnston; Alan R. Palmer (Experimental Brain Research, 2002)

Sixteen years of old-field succession and reestablishment of a bottomland hardwood forest in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley - Loretta L. Battaglia; Peter R. Minchin; Davis W. Pritchett (Wetlands, 2002)

Nesting ecology of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows in a tidally restricted salt marsh - Deborah A. DiQuinzio; Peter W. C. Paton; William R. Eddleman (Wetlands, 2002)

In Vivo Lung Deposition of Hollow Porous Particles from a Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler - Peter H. Hirst; Gary R. Pitcairn; Jeff G. Weers; Thomas E. Tarara; Andrew R. Clark; Luis A. Dellamary; Gail Hall; Jolene Shorr; Stephen P. Newman (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Adhesion of Powders for Inhalation: An Evaluation of Drug Detachment from Surfaces Following Deposition from Aerosol Streams - Martyn J. Clarke; Joanne Peart; Stefano Cagnani; Peter R. Byron (Pharmaceutical Research, 2002)

Spontaneous nerve activity and sensitivity in catfish ampullary electroreceptor organs after tetanus toxin application - M. Struik; F. Bretschneider; R. Peters (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2002)

The Extent to Which ATP Demand Controls the Glycolytic Flux Depends Strongly on the Organism and Conditions for Growth - Brian J. Koebmann; Hans V. Westerhoff; Jacky L. Snoep; Christian Solem; Martin B. Pedersen; Dan Nilsson; Ole Michelsen; Peter R. Jensen (Molecular Biology Reports, 2002)

Surgery for Prostate Cancer: Rationale, Technique and Outcomes - Tracy M. Downs; Christopher J. Kane; Gary D. Grossfeld; Maxwell V. Meng; Peter R. Carroll (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2002)

Three new species of Moellerodiscus (Helotiales, Rutstroemiaceae) from New Zealand - Peter R. Johnston (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2002)
Three leaf‐inhabiting discomycetes common in New Zealand forests are described as new species in the genus Moellerodiscus. Two of the species occur on fallen leaves of Coprosma — M. coprosmae is found throughout the country, most commonly on C. robusta; M. microcoprosmae is found from Greymouth northward, only on C. grand‐ifolia. The third species, M. griseliniae, is found on fallen leaves of Griselinia littoralis from Wellington southward. Rutstroemia macrospora (= Ciboria peckiana ) is reported from New Zealand for the first time. A short discussion is provided on generic concepts amongst Sclerotiniaceae and Rutstroemiaceae.

Landscape effects of climate, agriculture, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities of Canadian prairie lakes - Roberto Quinlan; Peter R. Leavitt; Aruna S. Dixit; Roland I. Hall; John P. Smol (Limnology and Oceanography, 2002)
Paleoecological analyses of fossil chironomid assemblages from eight lakes of the Qu'Appelle Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada, were used to quantify the relative influence of climate, resource use, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities 1850–1995. Fossil analyses inferred that Qu'Appelle lakes are naturally productive but that invertebrate communities were altered by agriculture and urbanization. In western lakes, rates of community change (chord distance per 5 yr) were low and nonsignificant (P Cladotanytarsus mancus group, Tanytarsus s.lat. [s.l.]). Comparison of historical and fossil time series (~1920–1993) using variance partitioning analysis (VPA) explained up to 86.6% of past variations in chironomid community composition. Unexpectedly, climate (winter temperature) explained a significant (P , 0.05) and substantial (mean ± SD, n =5 8; 24.8 ± 21.9%) amount of community variance at all sites except Round Lake. In contrast, land‐use practices exhibited significant but less substantial (6.7 ± 6.1%, n = 8) impacts on zoobenthos of five lakes, whereas significant urban impacts (3.6 ± 7.5%, n = 8) were recorded only at two sites. Similarly, redundancy analysis showed that minimum winter or spring temperature significantly influenced the relative abundance of littoral taxa in seven lakes. Such strong effects of climate on benthic invertebrate communities contrast its weak effects on phytoplankton in these lakes and suggest that future environmental change may be expressed differentially among habitats.

Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge - Bridget R. Scanlon; Richard W. Healy; Peter G. Cook (Hydrogeology Journal, 2002)

Theme issue on groundwater recharge - Bridget R. Scanlon; Peter G. Cook (Hydrogeology Journal, 2002)

Location and Structure of the Human FHR-5 Gene - Jennifer L. McRae; Brendan F. Murphy; Helen J. Eyre; Grant R. Sutherland; Joanna Crawford; Peter J. Cowan (Genetica, 2002)

Pharming vaccines for hepatitis and cytomegalovirus: Towards the development of multivalent and subunit vaccines for oral delivery of antigens - Zaman Alli; Ravinder K. Sardana; Béatrice Pierre; Anton Andonov; Laurian S. Robert; Johann P. Schernthaner; Suzanne L. Porter; Anil K. Dudani; Peter R. Ganz; Eilleen S. Tackaberry; Illimar Altosaar (Phytochemistry Reviews, 2002)

Congruent patterns of genetic variation in a burrowing freshwater crab revealed by allozymes and mt DNA sequence analysis - Savel R. Daniels; Barbara A. Stewart; Peter A. Cook (Hydrobiologia, 2002)

Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr's disease) without neurological, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms is not linked to the IBGC1 locus on chromosome 14q - Henry Brodaty; Philip Mitchell; Georgina Luscombe; John B. Kwok; Renee F. Badenhop; Rod McKenzie; Peter R. Schofield (Human Genetics, 2002)

Sequence Analysis of the Washington/1964 Strain of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (HPIV1) and Recovery and Characterization of Wild-Type Recombinant HPIV1 Produced by Reverse Genetics - Jason T. Newman; Sonja R. Surman; Jeffrey M. Riggs; Chris T. Hansen; Peter L. Collins; Brian R. Murphy; Mario H. Skiadopoulos (Virus Genes, 2002)

Excited to death: different ways to lose your neurones - Peter R. Dodd (Biogerontology, 2002)

Prostate Carcinoma Skeletal Metastases: Cross-talk between Tumor and Bone - Evan T. Keller; Jian Zhang; Carlton R. Cooper; Peter C. Smith; Laurie K. McCauley; Kenneth J. Pienta; Russell S. Taichman (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2001)

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sotalol in Pediatric Patients with Supraventricular or Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia - Jun Shi; Thomas M. Ludden; Armen P. Melikian; Marc R. Gastonguay; Peter H. Hinderling (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2001)

Evolution of Mhc class II B genes in Darwin's finches and their closest relatives: birth of a new gene - Akie Sato; Werner E. Mayer; Herbert Tichy; Peter R. Grant; Rosemary B. Grant; Jan Klein (Immunogenetics, 2001)

Plankton dynamics: observed and modelled responses to physical conditions in Prince William Sound, Alaska - David L. Eslinger; R. Ted Cooney; C. Peter Mcroy; Alison Ward; Thomas C. Kline; E. Paul Simpson; Jia Wang; Jennifer R. Allen (Fisheries Oceanography, 2001)
Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and longer‐period variability in composition and standing stock in response to physically influenced differences in nutrient availability, and possibly currents that modify local biomass by exchanges with water from the bordering Gulf of Alaska. During springs in which early, strong physical stratification developed, intense, short‐lived phytoplankton blooms occurred. These blooms had relatively short residence times in the water column. In contrast, during springs in which slower, weaker stratification developed, phytoplankton blooms were prolonged and took longer to peak. These slower blooms prolonged the period of phytoplankton production, prolonged interaction with the springtime grazing community and led to the incorporation of more organic matter into pelagic food webs. A coupled biological‐physical simulation of plankton production was used to examine the implications of seasonally varying air and mixed‐layer temperatures, surface winds and incident light on the timing, duration, annual production and standing stock of plankton. Our modelling results reproduced the observed characteristics of the springtime production cycle, and the magnitude of zooplankton stocks for the period 1992–97 but not for 1981–91. These results suggest that for most of the 1990s, bottom‐up influences on nutrient supplies controlled levels of primary consumers, whereas for the 11 years before that, other unknown factors dominated this process. We present the results of a comprehensive, multiyear study of relationships between plankton and physical limitations, and a retrospective analysis of earlier conditions to explore the possible causes for these differences.

Induction of the epithelial Na+ channel via glucocorticoids in mineralocorticoid receptor knockout mice - A. Schulz-Baldes; S. Berger; F. Grahammer; R. Warth; I. Goldschmidt; J. Peters; G. Schütz; R. Greger; M. Bleich (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2001)

Role of snare proteins in CFTR and ENaC trafficking - Kathryn Peters; Juanjuan Qi; John Johnson; Simon Watkins; Frizzell R. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2001)

A comparison of the macrobenthic faunas of permanently open and temporarily open/closed South African estuaries - Peter R. Teske; Tris Wooldridge (Hydrobiologia, 2001)

A population founded by a single pair of individuals: establishment, expansion, and evolution - Peter R. Grant; B. Rosemary Grant; Kenneth Petren (Genetica, 2001)

Iron uptake and physiological response of phytoplankton during a mesoscale Southern Ocean iron enrichment - Maria T. Maldonado; Philip W. Boyd; Julie LaRoche; Robert Strzepek; Anya Waite; Andrew R. Bowie; Peter L. Croot; Russell D. Frew; Neil M Price (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
Iron supply is thought to regulate primary production in high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the sea in both the past and the present. A critical aspect of this relationship is acquisition of iron (Fe) by phytoplankton, which occurs through a complex series of extracellular reactions that are influenced by Fe chemistry and speciation. During the first in situ mesoscale Fe‐enrichment experiment in the Southern Ocean (Southern Ocean iron release experiment [SOIREE]), we monitored the uptake of Fe by three size classes of plankton and their ensuing physiological response to the Fe enrichment. Rates of Fe uptake from both inorganic Fe (Fe′) and organic Fe complexes (FeL) were initially fast, indicative of Fe‐limitation. After Fe enrichment phytoplankton down‐regulated Fe uptake and optimized physiological performance, but by day 12 they had greatly increased their capacity to acquire Fe from FeL. The increase in Fe uptake from FeL coincided with a sixfold decrease in Fe′ that followed the production of Fe‐binding organic ligands. Phytoplankton were able to use organically bound Fe at rates sufficient to maintain net growth for more than 42 d. Adaptation to such shifts in Fe chemistry may contribute to bloom longevity in these polar HNLC waters.

Loss of CD95 expression is linked to most but not all p53 mutants in European hepatocellular carcinoma - Martin Volkmann; Jan-H. Schiff; Yaser Hajjar; Gerd Otto; Franziska Stilgenbauer; Walter Fiehn; Peter R. Galle; Walter J. Hofmann (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2001)

Integrated solid waste management: A Life Cycle Inventory - Forbes R. McDougall; Peter R. White; Marina Franke; Peter Hindle (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2001)

Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins in rice are synthesized during germination and in differentiating cell types - E. J. H. Ross; L. Shearman; M. Mathiesen; Y. J. Zhou; R. Arredondo-Peter; G. Sarath; R. V. Klucas (Protoplasma, 2001)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide is not essential for the development of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in vivo - Martin E. Young; Kristen A. Okerberg; Christopher R. Wilson; Dario A. Deferrari; Jun Ying; Patrick Guthrie; Peter Razeghi; Fred J. Clubb; Heinrich Taegtmeyer (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2001)

Compound heterozygosity and nonsense mutations in the α1-subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor in hyperekplexia - Mark I. Rees; Trevor M. Lewis; Behnaz Vafa; Colin Ferrie; Peter Corry; Fransesco Muntoni; Heinz Jungbluth; John B. Stephenson; Mike Kerr; Russell G. Snell; Peter R. Schofield; Michael J. Owen (Human Genetics, 2001)

Scanning for telomeric deletions and duplications and uniparental disomy using genetic markers in 120 children with malformations - M. Rosenberg; C. Killoran; L. Dziadzio; S. Chang; D. Stone; J. Meck; D. Aughton; L. Bird; J. Bodurtha; S. Cassidy; J. Graham; A. Grix; et al. (Human Genetics, 2001)

Trace element and isotopic evidence for two types of crustal melting beneath a High Cascade volcanic center, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon - Richard M. Conrey; Peter R. Hooper; Peter B. Larson; John Chesley; Joaquin Ruiz (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2001)

Carbonate mud flows and other indicators of excess pore-fluid pressure in the Macumber Formation (Lower Carboniferous, Viséan) at Ingonish, Nova Scotia, Canada - Paul E. Schenk; Peter H. von Bitter; Ryo R. Matsumoto (Carbonates and Evaporites, 2001)

Electrical Impedance of Cultured Endothelium Under Fluid Flow - Natacha DePaola; Jeffrey E. Phelps; Lucio Florez; Charles R. Keese; Fred L. Minnear; Ivar Giaever; Peter Vincent (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001)

Comparison of Plastic Packaging Waste Management Options: Feedstock Recycling versus Energy Recovery in Germany - Volrad Wollny; Günter Dehoust; Uwe R. Fritsche; Peter Weinem (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2001)
Summary Plastics recycling, especially as prescribed by the German Ordinance on Packaging Waste (Verpackungsverordnung), is a conspicuous example of closing material loops on a large scale. In Germany, an industry‐financed system (Duales System Deutschland) was established in 1991 to collect and recycle packaging waste from households. To cope with mixed plastics, various “feedstock‐recycling” processes were developed. We discuss the environmental benefits and the cost‐benefit ratio of the system relative to municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, based on previously published life‐cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Included is a first‐time investigation of energy recovery in all German incinerators, the optimization opportunities, the impact on energy production and substitution processes, an estimation of the costs, and a cost‐benefit assessment. In an LCA, the total environmental impact of MSW incineration is mainly determined by the energy recovery ratio, which was found on average to reach 39% in current German incineration plants. Due to low revenues from additional energy generation, it is not cost‐effective to optimize the plants energetically. Energy from plastic incineration substitutes for a specific mixture of electric base‐load power, district heating, and process steam generation. Any additional energy from waste incineration will replace, in the long term, mainly natural gas, rather than coal. Incineration of plastic is compared with feedstock recycling methods in different scenarios. In all scenarios, the incineration of plastic leads to an increase of CO2 emissions compared to landfill, whereas feedstock recycling reduces CO2 emissions and saves energy resources. The costs of waste incineration are assumed to decrease by about 30% in the medium term. Today, the calculated costs of CO2 reduction in feedstock recycling are very high, but are ex‐pected to decline in the near future. Relative to incineration, the costs for conserving energy via feedstock recycling are 50% higher, but this gap will close in the near future if automatic sorting and processing are implemented in Germany.

Characterisation of a Tobamovirus from Trailing Petunias - Nicola J. Spence; Ian Sealy; Peter R. Mills; Gary D. Foster (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2001)

Alteration of Nutrient Cycles and Algal Production Resulting from Fish Introductions intoMountain Lakes - Daniel E. Schindler; Roland A. Knapp; Peter R. Leavitt (Ecosystems, 2001)

Highly comprehensive karyotype analysis by a combination of spectral karyotyping (SKY), microdissection, and reverse painting (SKY-MD) - Jörg Weimer; Michael R. Koehler; Ute Wiedemann; Peter Attermeyer; Anja Jacobsen; Doris Karow; Marion Kiechle; Walter Jonat; Norbert Arnold (Chromosome Research, 2001)

Gene flow on the ice: genetic differentiation among Adélie penguin colonies around Antarctica - Amy D. Roeder; Richelle K. Marshall; Amanda J. Mitchelson; Thungar Visagathilagar; Peter A. Ritchie; Donald R. Love; Trevor J. Pakai; Helen C. McPartlan; Neil D. Murray; Nick A. Robinson; Knowles R. Kerry; David M. Lambert (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
Each summer Adélie penguins breed in large disjunct colonies on ice‐free areas around the Antarctic continent. Comprising > 10 million birds, this species represents a dominant feature of the Antarctic ecosystem. The patchy distribution within a large geographical range, natal philopatry and a probable history of refugia, suggest that this species is likely to exhibit significant genetic differentiation within and among colonies. We present data from seven microsatellite DNA loci for 442 individuals from 13 locations around the Antarctic continent. With the exception of one locus, there was no significant genic or genotypic heterogeneity across populations. Pairwise F ST values were low with no value > 0.02. When all colonies were compared in a single analysis, the overall F ST value was 0.0007. Moreover, assignment tests were relatively ineffective at correctly placing individuals into their respective collection sites. These data reveal a lack of genetic differentiation between Adélie penguin colonies around the Antarctic continent, despite substantial levels of genetic variation. We consider this homogeneity in terms of the dispersal of individuals among colonies and the size of breeding groups and discuss our results in terms of the glacial history of Antarctica.

Magainin-Mediated Disruption of Stratum Corneum Lipid Vesicles - Shilpa Kaushik; Arthi Krishnan; Mark R. Prausnitz; Peter J. Ludovice (Pharmaceutical Research, 2001)

Toxicity and Elevation of 7-Ethoxyresorufin O -Deethylase Activity in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) Larvae Exposed to Contaminated Sea Surface Microlayer - L. D. Peters; S. C. M. O'Hara; J. Cleary; D. R. Livingstone (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001)

Comparing indigenous and introduced populations of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake: response of seedlings to water and pH levels - Sylvan R. Kaufman; Peter E. Smouse (Oecologia, 2001)

A plasma membrane-bound enzyme of tobacco roots catalyses the formation of nitric oxide from nitrite - Christine Stöhr; Frank Strube; Gisela Marx; Wolfram R. Ullrich; Peter Rockel (Planta, 2001)

Mass of weaned elephant seal pups in areas of low and high human presence - Georg H. Engelhard; John van den Hoff; Martijn Broekman; Antonie N.J. Baarspul; Iain Field; Harry R. Burton; Peter J.H. Reijnders (Polar Biology, 2001)

Arabidopsis ammonium transporters, AtAMT1;1 and AtAMT1;2, have different biochemical properties and functional roles - Megan C. Shelden; Bei Dong; Guy L. de Bruxelles; Ben Trevaskis; Jim Whelan; Peter R. Ryan; Susan M. Howitt; Michael K. Udvardi (Plant and Soil, 2001)

Characterization of the regulatory function of the 46-kDa isoform of Rubisco activase from Arabidopsis - Ning Zhang; Peter Schürmann; Archie R. Portis (Photosynthesis Research, 2001)

Microsatellite analysis of the inbreeding grass weed Barren Brome ( Anisantha sterilis ) reveals genetic diversity at the within‐ and between‐farm scales - J. M. Green; J. H. A. Barker; E. J. P. Marshall; R. J. Froud‐Williams; N. C. B. Peters; G. M. Arnold; K. Dawson; A. Karp (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
Nine microsatellites were used to screen 131 samples of Barren Brome ( Anisantha sterilis : synonym Bromus sterilis ) collected from within the fields of three English farms [from Oxfordshire (Oxon), Leicestershire (Leics) and Wiltshire (Wilts)] and eight seeds taken from samples of each of 10 farms across England, UK. Most individuals (~97%) were homozygous. Polymorphism occurred at all nine loci in all three farms sampled at the field scale, and at most loci for nine of the other 10 farm samples. Between three and 11 alleles were found per locus. Gene diversity ( D = 1 − ∑ p i 2 ) ranged from 0.088 to 0.760. Polymorphism occurred among individuals within and among fields, and farms. Some alleles were found in only one farm. On the basis of the alleles at all nine loci in the 211 sampled plants, a total of 92 (44%) different genotypes was identified. Clustering analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages ( upgma ) for the combined Oxon, Wilts and Leics samples did not cluster them into their respective farms. Similarly, a phenogram of samples from all 10 farms showed considerable mixing of individuals with respect to farm origins. Identification of genotypes on field plans showed evidence of both spatial localization and mixing. Previous reports have suggested that A. sterilis is strictly inbreeding with little intrapopulation variation at the genetic level. Our data reveal that A. sterilis exists as numerous separate and genetically different lines, which are maintained by inbreeding but which very occasionally outcross. Possible explanations for this pattern of high genetic diversity are discussed.

Colony kin structure and male production in Dolichovespula wasps - Kevin R. Foster; Francis L. W. Ratnieks; Niclas Gyllenstrand; Peter A. Thorén (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
In annual hymenopteran societies headed by a single outbred queen, paternity (determined by queen mating frequency and sperm use) is the sole variable affecting colony kin structure and is therefore a key predictor of colony reproductive characteristics. Here we investigate paternity and male production in five species of Dolichovespula wasps. Twenty workers from each of 10 colonies of each of five species, 1000 workers in total, were analysed at three DNA microsatellite loci to estimate paternity. To examine the relationship between kin structure and reproductive behaviour, worker ovary activation was assessed by dissection and the maternal origin of adult males was assessed by DNA microsatellites. Effective paternity was low in all species ( D. media 1.08, D. maculata 1.0, D. sylvestris 1.15, D. norwegica 1.08 and D. saxonica 1.35), leading to the prediction of queen–worker conflict over male production. In support of this, workers with full‐size eggs in their ovaries (four out of five species) and adult males that were workers’ sons (all five species) were found in queenright colonies. However, workers were only responsible for a minority of male production ( D. media 7.4%, D. maculata 20.9%, D. sylvestris 9.8%, D. norwegica 2.6% and D. saxonica 34.6%) suggesting that the queen maintains considerable reproductive power over the workers. Kin structure and reproductive conflict in Dolichovespula contrast with their sister group Vespula . Dolichovespula is characterized by low paternity, worker reproduction, and queen–worker conflict and Vespula by high paternity, effective worker policing and absence of worker reproduction. The trend revealed by this comparison is as predicted by kin selection theory suggesting that colony kin structure has been pivotal in the evolution of the yellowjacket wasps.

Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO 2 and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models - Wolfgang Cramer; Alberte Bondeau; F. Ian Woodward; I. Colin Prentice; Richard A. Betts; Victor Brovkin; Peter M. Cox; Veronica Fisher; Jonathan A. Foley; Andrew D. Friend; Chris Kucharik; Mark R. Lomas; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2001)
Summary The possible responses of ecosystem processes to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration and climate change are illustrated using six dynamic global vegetation models that explicitly represent the interactions of ecosystem carbon and water exchanges with vegetation dynamics. The models are driven by the IPCC IS92a scenario of rising CO 2 ( Wigley et al . 1991 ), and by climate changes resulting from effective CO 2 concentrations corresponding to IS92a, simulated by the coupled ocean atmosphere model HadCM2‐SUL. Simulations with changing CO 2 alone show a widely distributed terrestrial carbon sink of 1.4–3.8 Pg C y −1 during the 1990s, rising to 3.7–8.6 Pg C y −1 a century later. Simulations including climate change show a reduced sink both today (0.6–3.0 Pg C y −1 ) and a century later (0.3–6.6 Pg C y −1 ) as a result of the impacts of climate change on NEP of tropical and southern hemisphere ecosystems. In all models, the rate of increase of NEP begins to level off around 2030 as a consequence of the ‘diminishing return’ of physiological CO 2 effects at high CO 2 concentrations. Four out of the six models show a further, climate‐induced decline in NEP resulting from increased heterotrophic respiration and declining tropical NPP after 2050. Changes in vegetation structure influence the magnitude and spatial pattern of the carbon sink and, in combination with changing climate, also freshwater availability (runoff). It is shown that these changes, once set in motion, would continue to evolve for at least a century even if atmospheric CO 2 concentration and climate could be instantaneously stabilized. The results should be considered illustrative in the sense that the choice of CO 2 concentration scenario was arbitrary and only one climate model scenario was used. However, the results serve to indicate a range of possible biospheric responses to CO 2 and climate change. They reveal major uncertainties about the response of NEP to climate change resulting, primarily, from differences in the way that modelled global NPP responds to a changing climate. The simulations illustrate, however, that the magnitude of possible biospheric influences on the carbon balance requires that this factor is taken into account for future scenarios of atmospheric CO 2 and climate change.

Phylogenetic structure of unusual aquatic microbial formations in Nullarbor caves, Australia - Andrew J. Holmes; Niina A. Tujula; Marita Holley; Annalisa Contos; Julia M. James; Peter Rogers; Michael R. Gillings (Environmental Microbiology, 2001)
The nature of unusual aquatic microbial formations in flooded passages of cave systems in the Nullarbor region of Australia was investigated using electron microscopy and DNA analysis. The caves are located in a semiarid region but intersect the watertable at depths of approximately 100 m below the surface. Throughout submerged portions of the caves divers have noted the presence of unusual microbial formations. These ‘microbial mantles’ comprise sheets or tongues of mucoid material in which small crystals are embedded. Examination of the biomass revealed it to be primarily composed of densely packed, unbranched filaments, together with spherical‐, rod‐ and spiral‐shaped cells, and microcrystals of calcite in a mucoid matrix. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the community structure revealed ∼12% of clones showed high similarity to autotrophic nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria ( Nitrospira moscoviensis ). The remainder of the clones exhibited a high proportion of phylogenetically novel sequence types. Chemical analysis of water samples revealed high levels of sulphate and nitrate together with significant nitrite. The community structure, the presence of nitrite in the water, and the apparent absence of aquatic macrofauna, suggest these microbial structures may represent biochemically novel, chemoautotrophic communities dependent on nitrite oxidation.

Molecular analysis of the fibrinogen gene cluster in 16 patients with congenital afibrinogenemia: novel truncating mutations in the FGA and FGG genes - M. Neerman-Arbez; P. de Moerloose; A. Honsberger; G. Parlier; B. Arnuti; C. Biron; J.-Y. Borg; S. Eber; E. Meili; K. Peter-Salonen; L. Ripoll; C. Vervel; et al. (Human Genetics, 2001)

Identification and characterization of a novel tospovirus species using a new RT-PCR approach - I. Cortez; J. Saaijer; K. S. Wongjkaew; A.-M. Pereira; R. Goldbach; D. Peters; R. Kormelink (Archives of Virology, 2001)

Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and alte1red NGF-induced signaling in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells cultured in elevated glucose: AnIn Vitro cellular model for diabetic neuropathy - Efrat Lelkes; Brian R. Unsworth; Peter I. Lelkes (Neurotoxicity Research, 2001)

Genomic Comparison of an Avirulent Strain of Orf Virus with that of a Virulent Wild Type Isolate Reveals that the Orf Virus G2L Gene is Non-Essential for Replication - Colin J. McInnes; Ann R. Wood; Peter F. Nettleton; Janice A. Gilray (Virus Genes, 2001)

Relationships between pathotypes and RAPDs, Gpi-allozyme patterns, mating types, and resistance to metalaxyl ofPhytophthora infestans in Canada in 1997 - F. Daayf; H. W. (Bud) Platt; G. Mahuku; R. D. Peters (American Journal of Potato Research, 2001)

Environmental vVariability and coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) - Korine N. Kolivras; Peter S. Johnson; Andrew C. Comrie; Stephen R. Yool (Aerobiologia, 2001)

Speciation, introgressive hybridization and nonlinear rate of molecular evolution in flycatchers - Glenn‐Peter Sætre; Thomas Borge; Johan Lindell; Truls Moum; Craig R. Primmer; Ben C. Sheldon; Jon Haavie; Arild Johnsen; Hans Ellegren (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
Evolutionary history of Muscicapidae flycatchers is inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence comparisons and population genetic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA markers. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on sequences from the two genomes yielded similar trees with respect to the order at which the species split off. However, the genetic distances fitted a nonlinear, polynomial model reflecting diminishing divergence rate of the mtDNA sequences compared to the nuclear DNA sequences. This could be explained by Haldane’s rule because genetic isolation might evolve more rapidly on the mitochondrial rather than the nuclear genome in birds. This is because hybrid sterility of the heterogametic sex (females) would predate that of the homogametic sex (males), leading to sex biased introgression of nuclear genes. Analyses of present hybrid zones of pied ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) and collared flycatchers ( F. albicollis ) may indicate a slight sexual bias in rate of introgression, but the introgression rates were too low to allow proper statistical analyses. It is suggested, however, that the observed deviation from linearity can be explained by a more rapid mutational saturation of the mtDNA sequences than of the nuclear DNA sequences, as supported by analyses of third codon position transversions at two protein coding mtDNA genes. A phylogeographic scenario for the black and white flycatcher species is suggested based on interpretation of the genetic data obtained. Four species appear to have diverged from a common ancestor relatively simultaneously during the Pleistocene. After the last glaciation period, pied and collared flycatchers expanded their breeding ranges and eventually came into secondary contact in Central and Eastern Europe and on the Baltic Isles.

Growth rates of large and small Southern Ocean diatoms in relation to availability o iron in natural seawater - Klaas R. Timmermans; Loes J. A. Gerringa; Hein J. W. de Baar; Bas van der Wagt; Marcel J. W. Veldhuis; Jeroen T. M. de Jong; Peter L. Croot; Marie Boye (Limnology and Oceanography, 2001)
Blooms of large diatoms dominate the CO 2 drawdown and silicon cycle of the Southern Ocean in both the past and present. The growth of these Antarctic diatoms is limited by availability of iron (and light). Here we report the first assessment of growth rates in relation to iron availability of two truly oceanic Antarctic diatom species, the large, chain‐forming diatom Chaetoceros dichaeta and the small, unicellular diatom C. brevis . In Filtered natural, untreated Southern Ocean water, a maximum specific growth rate of 0.62 ± 0.09 d −1 and a Km for growth of 1.12 x 10 9 M dissolved iron was calculated for C. dichaeta . This response could only be seen during a long‐day light period. C. brevis maintained growth rates of 0.39 ± 0.09 d −1 with and without iron addition, even under short‐day light conditions, and could only be forced into iron limitation by adding the siderophore desferri‐ferrioxamine B (DFB), an iron immobilizing agent. Using this approach, the low Km value for growth of 0.59 × 10 −12 M dissolved Fe was calculated for this species. The size‐class dependent growth response to iron (and light) confirms the key role of these parameters in structuring Southern Ocean ecosystems and thus the CO 2 dynamics and the silicon cycle.

Formation of a protonated trihydrobiopterin radical cation in the first reaction cycle of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy - Peter P. Schmidt; Reinhard Lange; Antonius C.F. Gorren; Ernst R. Werner; Bernd Mayer; K. Kristoffer Andersson (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2001)

High Acetone Concentrations throughout the 0–12 km Altitude Range over the Tropical Rainforest in Surinam - U. Pöschl; J. Williams; P. Hoor; H. Fischer; P. J. Crutzen; C. Warneke; R. Holzinger; A. Hansel; A. Jordan; W. Lindinger; H. A. Scheeren; W. Peters; et al. (Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2001)

The GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the frataxin gene is related to the severity of cardiac manifestation in patients with Friedreich's ataxia - Nana Bit-Avragim; Andreas Perrot; Ludger Schöls; Cornelia Hardt; Friedmar R. Kreuz; Christine Zühlke; Stefanie Bubel; Franco Laccone; Hans-Peter Vogel; Rainer Dietz; Karl Josef Osterziel (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2001)

Novel genotypes ofPhytophthora infestans in Canada during 1994 and 1995 - R. D. Peters; H. Förster; H. W. (Bud) Platt; R. Hall; M. D. Coffey (American Journal of Potato Research, 2001)

Allocation of carbon to shoots, roots, soil and rhizosphere respiration by barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) before and after defoliation - Michael C. Crawford; Peter R. Grace; J. Malcolm Oades (Plant and Soil, 2000)

Storage and formulation of the entomopathogenicnematodes Heterorhabditis indica and H. bacteriophora - O. Strauch; I. Niemann; A. Neumann; A.J. Schmidt; A. Peters; R.-U. Ehlers (BioControl, 2000)

Vizella metrosideri sp. nov. - Peter R. Johnston (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2000)
Vizella metrosideri sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Metrosideros excelsa. It forms macroscopically indistinct colonies either within or beneath the cuticle on the upper surface of living leaves. The colonies comprise fruiting bodies of the teleomorph and anamorph, together with a sparse network of flattened, ribbon‐like hyphae with thickened, dark septa and alternating dark and light cells. Such hyphae are characteristic Of the genus. The distinction between Vizella and Entopeltis is discussed.

Population genetics of Escherichia coli in a natural population of native Australian rats - Gulietta M. Pupo; Ruiting Lan; Peter R. Reeves; Peter R. Baverstock (Environmental Microbiology, 2000)
Escherichia coli , a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of mammals and birds, is a diverse species. Most studies on E. coli populations involve organisms from humans or human‐associated animals. In this study, we undertook a survey of E. coli from native Australian mammals, predominantly Rattus tunneyi , living in a relatively pristine environment in the Bundjalung National Park. The genetic diversity was assessed and compared by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), sequence analysis of the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) gene and biotyping using seven sugars. Ninety‐nine electrophoretic types were identified from the 242 isolates analysed by MLEE and 15 sequences from the mdh genes sequenced from 21 representative strains. The Bundjalung isolates extend the diversity represented by the E. coli reference (ECOR) set, with new MLEE alleles found in six out of 10 loci. Many of the Bundjalung isolates fell into a discrete group in MLEE. Other Bundjalung strains fell into the recognized E. coli ECOR set groups, but tended to be at the base of both the MLEE and mdh gene trees, implying that these strains are derived independently from ancestral forms of the ECOR groups and that ECOR strains represent only a subset of E. coli adapted to humans and human‐associated animals. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the Bundjalung population has an ‘epidemic’ population structure. The Bundjalung isolates were able to utilize more sugars than the ECOR strains, suggesting that diet plays a prominent role in adaptation of E. coli .

Subtyping for TNFa microsatellite sequence variation - Arno R. van der Slik; Danielle C. Shing; Peter Eerligh; Marius J. Giphart (Immunogenetics, 2000)

A repetitive intracortical microstimulation pattern induces long-lasting synaptic depression in brain slices of the rat primary somatosensory cortex - Peter Heusler; Bernhard Cebulla; Gerd Boehmer; Hubert R. Dinse (Experimental Brain Research, 2000)

Entwicklung eines Bestandesdichtekontrolldiagramms (density management diagram) als Entscheidungshilfe zur zielorientierten Steuerung des Wachstums vonPinus elliottii Engelm.-Beständen - Peter Spathelf; Paulo R. Schneider (European Journal of Forest Research, 2000)

A Survey of Viruses of Alstroemeria in the UK and the Characterisation of Carlaviruses Infecting Alstroemeria - Nicola J. Spence; Peter R. Mills; Dez J. Barbara (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2000)

Calorimetry and respirometry in guinea pigs in hydrox and heliox at 10–60 atm - Andreas Fahlman; Jaya A. Kaveeshwar; Peter Tikuisis; Susan R. Kayar (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2000)

Rice PHYC gene: structure, expression, map position and evolution - Debabrata Basu; Katayoon Dehesh; Hans-Joerg Schneider-Poetsch; Sandra E. Harrington; Susan R. McCouch; Peter H. Quail (Plant Molecular Biology, 2000)

A whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and framework map of the rat genome - Linda C. McCarthy; Marie-Therese Bihoreau; Susanna L. Kiguwa; Julie Browne; Takeshi K. Watanabe; Haretsugu Hishigaki; Atsushi Tsuji; Susanne Kiel; Caleb Webber; Maria E. Davis; Catherine Knights; Angela Smith; et al. (Mammalian Genome, 2000)

Monitoring Inter-Annual Variability Reveals Sources of Mercury Contamination in Clear Lake, California - Thomas H. Suchanek; Peter J. Richerson; John R. Flanders; Douglas C. Nelson; Lauri H. Mullen; Linnie L. Brister; Jesse C. Becker (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000)

Torrendiella (Ascomycota, Helotiales) on Nothofagus - Peter R. Johnston; Irma J. Gamundi (New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2000)
Six species of Torrendiella are described and illustrated from Nothofagus, and a key is provided for their identification. T. madsenii occurs on wood in Australia, New Zealand, and southem South America, and although its host range is uncertain, may it be confined to Nothofagus. The other five species form fruiting bodies on fallen leaves, are restricted to Nothofagus, and all are described here as new. Two of these species occur only in southem South America, T. andina (on N. betuloides and N. dombeyi ) and T. grisea (on N. dombeyi ). Three species occur only in New Zealand, T. brevisetosa (on N. menziesii ), T. cannibalensis (on N. menziesii ), and T. dingleyae (on N. fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri var. cliffortioides, and N. truncata ). The occurrence of an additional species on N. cunninghamii hm Australia is noted, but it is not formally described because of lack of good material. Torrendiella is accepted as a member of the Sclerotiniaceae, distinct from Zoellneria. It is characterised by the possession of excipular setae and a three‐layered ectal excipulum, the central layer of which is gelatinous. The complex excipular structure and the presence of gelatinous tissue suggests a relationship with Rutstroemia. T. eucalypti (Berk) Spooner is interpreted in a restricted sense as an Acacia ‐specialised species.

The fate of intertidal microphytobenthos carbon: An in situ 13 C‐labeling study - Jack J. Middelburg; Christiane Barranguet; Henricus T. S. Boschker; Peter M. J. Herman; Tom Moens; Carlo H. R. Heip (Limnology and Oceanography, 2000)
At two intertidal sites (one sandy and one silty, in the Scheldt estuary, The Netherlands), the fate of microphytobenthos was studied through an in situ 13 C puls‐chase experiment. Label was added at the beginning of low tide, and uptake of 13 C by algae was linear during the whole period of tidal exposure (about 27 mg m −2 h −1 in the top millimeter at both sites). The 13 C fixed by microphytobenthos was rapidly displaced toward deeper sediment layers (down to 6 cm), in particular at the dynamic, sandy site. The residence times of microphytobenthos with respect to external losses (resuspension and respiration) were about 2.4 and 5.6 d at the sandy and silty stations, respectively. The transfer of carbon from microphytobenthos to benthic consumers was estimated from the appearance of 13 C in bacterial biomarkers, handpicked nematodes, and macrofauna. The incorporation of 13 C into bacterial biomass was quantified by carbon isotope analysis of polar lipid derived fatty acids specific for bacteria. The bacterial polar lipid‐derived fatty acids (i14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, and 18:1ω7c) showed rapid, significant transfer from benthic algae to bacteria with maximum labeling after 1 d. Nematodes became enriched after 1 h, and 13 C assimilation increased until day 3. Microphytobenthos carbon entered all heterotrophic components in proportion to heterotrophic biomass distribution (bacteria > macrofauna > meiofauna). Our results indicate a central role for microphytobenthos in moderating carbon flow in coastal sediments.

Phylogeny of Marine Bacillus Isolates from the Gulf of Mexico - Janet L. Siefert; Maia Larios-Sanz; Lawrence K. Nakamura; Ralph A. Slepecky; John H. Paul; Edward R. B. Moore; George E. Fox; Peter Jurtshuk, Jr. (Current Microbiology, 2000)

Landscape Modification of DOC Concentration in Boreal Lakes: Implications for UV-B Sensitivity - R. France; R. Steedman; R. Lehmann; R. Peters (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2000)

Homing and Movement of Yellow-phase American Eels in Freshwater Ponds - Peter J. Lamothe; Merry Gallagher; Douglas P. Chivers; John R. Moring (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2000)

Description of transformation larvae and a juvenile of the dextral flounder, Poecilopsetta praelonga (Pleuronectidae, Poecilopsettinae) from the northwestern waters of Australia - Koichi Hoshino; Kunio Amaoka; Peter R. Last (Ichthyological Research, 2000)

Mediation of 5-HT-induced internal carotid vasodilatation in GR127935- and ritanserin-pretreated dogs by 5-HT 7 receptors - David Centurión; Araceli Sánchez-López; Mario I. Ortiz; Peter De Vries; Pramod R. Saxena; Carlos M. Villalón (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2000)

Abstracts - P. E. Bowden; R. Marks; Christina A. Harrington; Brian Dieckgraefe; Marija Ilčić; Ljiljana Kostović-Knežević; Peter Gruss; Srećko Gajović; Lidija Klampfer; Jorg Cammenga; Stephen Nimer; Sonja Levanat; et al. (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2000)

Potassium-depolarization-induced cytoplasmic [Ca2+] transients in freshly dissociated pyramidal neurones of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus - Zoltán Rusznák; Csaba Harasztosi; Peter R. Stanfield; László Kovács; Géza Szûcs (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2000)

Response of tubers of five potato cultivars to co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 genotypes ofPhytophthora infestans - M. V. Medina; H. W. (Bud) Platt; R. D. Peters (Potato Research, 2000)

Oxidative neuropathology and putative chemical entities for alzheimer’s disease: Neuroprotective effects of salen-manganese catalytic anti-oxidants - H. Thomas R. Rupniak; Ken A. Joy; Charlotte Atkin; Gill Brown; Julie C. Barnes; Susan R. Doctrow; Bernard Malfroy; Tony Wong; Ian K. Anderson; Chris R. Molloy; Gary I. Mills; Peter Soden (Neurotoxicity Research, 2000)

Ultrasound for the Visualization and Quantification of Tumor Microcirculation - F. Stuart Foster; Peter N. Burns; David H. Simpson; Stephanie R. Wilson; Donald A. Christopher; David E. Goertz (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2000)