Advances in the Application of Genetics in Marine Turtle Biology and Conservation - Lisa M. Komoroske; Michael P. Jensen; Kelly R. Stewart; Brian M. Shamblin; Peter H. Dutton (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Regulation of endogenous brakes to kidney fibrosis: turning the view upside down - Jonathan A. Lindquist; Alexandra Schneider; Peter R. Mertens (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2017)

Integrating Personalized Technology in Toxicology: Sensors, Smart Glass, and Social Media Applications in Toxicology Research - Stephanie Carreiro; Peter R Chai; Jennifer Carey; Brittany Chapman; Edward W Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2017)

Trans-ethnic fine-mapping of genetic loci for body mass index in the diverse ancestral populations of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study reveals evidence for multiple signals at established loci - Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes; Jian Gong; Jeffrey Haessler; Nora Franceschini; Mariaelisa Graff; Katherine K. Nishimura; Yujie Wang; Heather M. Highland; Sachiko Yoneyama; William S. Bush; Robert Goodloe; Marylyn D. Ritchie; et al. (Human Genetics, 2017)

Factors influencing the post-exercise hepcidin-25 response in elite athletes - Peter Peeling; Alannah K. A. McKay; David B. Pyne; Kym J. Guelfi; Rachel H. McCormick; Coby M. Laarakkers; Dorine W. Swinkels; Laura A. Garvican-Lewis; Megan L. R. Ross; Avish P. Sharma; Jill J. Leckey; Louise M. Burke (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

Bioartificial Kidneys - Peter R. Corridon; In Kap Ko; James J. Yoo; Anthony Atala (Current Stem Cell Reports, 2017)

Potential for Marker-Assisted Simultaneous Improvement of Grain and Biomass Yield in Triticale - Wenxin Liu; Hans Peter Maurer; Willmar L. Leiser; Matthew R. Tucker; Sigrid Weissmann; Volker Hahn; Tobias Würschum (BioEnergy Research, 2017)

Short‐range dispersal maintains a volatile marine metapopulation: the brown alga Postelsia palmaeformis - Robert T. Paine; Eric R. Buhle; Simon A. Levin; Peter Kareiva (Ecology, 2017)
The annual brown alga Postelsia palmaeformis is dependent for its survival on short‐distance dispersal ( SDD ) where it is already established, as well as occasional long‐distance colonization of novel sites. To quantify SDD , we transplanted Postelsia to sites lacking established plants within ≥10 m. The spatial distribution of the first naturally produced sporophyte generation was used to fit dispersal kernels in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Mean dispersal distance within a year ranged from 0.16 to 0.50 m across sites; 95% of the recruits were within 0.38–1.32 m of the transplant. The fat‐tailed exponential square root kernel was the best among the candidate models at describing offspring density and dispersal. Independent measurements of patch size over two to five generations permitted an evaluation of whether models parameterized by individual‐level data could adequately predict longer‐term persistence and spread at the patch scale. The observed spread rates generally fell within the 95% predictive intervals. Finally, Postelsia was eliminated from 14 occupied sites that were then followed for ≥27 yr. The probability of invasion when unoccupied declined and the probability of extinction when occupied increased with distance from the nearest propagule source. Sites >10 m from a source were rarely invaded, and one initially densely populated site isolated by 39 m has remained Postelsia ‐free since 1981. In spite of dispersal that is almost entirely within 2 m of the parent, the ability of our models to capture the observed dynamics of Postelsia indicates that short‐range dispersal adequately explains the persistent and thriving Postelsia metapopulation on Tatoosh Island. However, the presence of Postelsia over a 2000‐km coastal range with many gaps >1 km makes it clear that rare long‐distance dispersal must be required to explain the geographic range of the species.

Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development - Jeffrey A. Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni K. Boedhihartono; Terry Sunderland; James D. Langston; James Reed; Rebecca Riggs; Louise E. Buck; Bruce M. Campbell; Koen Kusters; Chris Elliott; Peter A. Minang; et al. (Sustainability Science, 2017)

50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects - Michael J. Adams; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Andrew M. Q. King; Balázs Harrach; Robert L. Harrison; Nick J. Knowles; Andrew M. Kropinski; Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Arcady R. Mushegian; Max L. Nibert; Sead Sabanadzovic; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2017)

Delving deeper: Metabolic processes in the metalimnion of stratified lakes - Darren P. Giling; Peter A. Staehr; Hans Peter Grossart; Mikkel René Andersen; Bertram Boehrer; Carmelo Escot; Fatih Evrendilek; Lluís Gómez‐Gener; Mark Honti; Ian D. Jones; Nusret Karakaya; Alo Laas; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Many lakes exhibit seasonal stratification, during which they develop strong thermal and chemical gradients. An expansion of depth‐integrated monitoring programs has provided insight into the importance of organic carbon processing that occurs below the upper mixed layer. However, the chemical and physical drivers of metabolism and metabolic coupling remain unresolved, especially in the metalimnion. In this depth zone, sharp gradients in key resources such as light and temperature co‐occur with dynamic physical conditions that influence metabolic processes directly and simultaneously hamper the accurate tracing of biological activity. We evaluated the drivers of metalimnetic metabolism and its associated uncertainty across 10 stratified lakes in Europe and North America. We hypothesized that the metalimnion would contribute highly to whole‐lake functioning in clear oligotrophic lakes, and that metabolic rates would be highly variable in unstable polymictic lakes. Depth‐integrated rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were modelled from diel dissolved oxygen curves using a Bayesian approach. Metabolic estimates were more uncertain below the epilimnion, but uncertainty was not consistently related to lake morphology or mixing regime. Metalimnetic rates exhibited high day‐to‐day variability in all trophic states, with the metalimnetic contribution to daily whole‐lake GPP and ER ranging from 0% to 87% and

Trends in tropical tree growth: re‐analyses confirm earlier findings - Peter van der Sleen; Peter Groenendijk; Mart Vlam; Niels P. R. Anten; Frans Bongers; Pieter A. Zuidema (Global Change Biology, 2017)

A global database of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates of aquatic animals - Michael J. Vanni; Peter B. McIntyre; Dennis Allen; Diane L. Arnott; Jonathan P. Benstead; David J. Berg; Åge Brabrand; Sébastien Brosse; Paul A. Bukaveckas; Adriano Caliman; Krista A. Capps; Luciana S. Carneiro; et al. (Ecology, 2017)
Animals can be important in modulating ecosystem‐level nutrient cycling, although their importance varies greatly among species and ecosystems. Nutrient cycling rates of individual animals represent valuable data for testing the predictions of important frameworks such as the Metabolic Theory of Ecology ( MTE ) and ecological stoichiometry ( ES ). They also represent an important set of functional traits that may reflect both environmental and phylogenetic influences. Over the past two decades, studies of animal‐mediated nutrient cycling have increased dramatically, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a global compilation of aquatic animal nutrient excretion rates. The dataset includes 10,534 observations from freshwater and marine animals of N and/or P excretion rates. These observations represent 491 species, including most aquatic phyla. Coverage varies greatly among phyla and other taxonomic levels. The dataset includes information on animal body size, ambient temperature, taxonomic affiliations, and animal body N:P. This data set was used to test predictions of MTE and ES , as described in Vanni and McIntyre (2016; Ecology DOI : 10.1002/ecy.1582 ).

Amphibole megacrysts as a probe into the deep plumbing system of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia - Stefan T. M. Peters; Valentin R. Troll; Franz A. Weis; Luigi Dallai; Jane P. Chadwick; Bernhard Schulz (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2017)

A seed-based cross-modal comparison of brain connectivity measures - Andrew T. Reid; Felix Hoffstaedter; Gaolang Gong; Angela R. Laird; Peter Fox; Alan C. Evans; Katrin Amunts; Simon B. Eickhoff (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Exotic black rats increase invertebrate Ordinal richness in urban habitat remnants - Helen M. Smith; Chris R. Dickman; Peter B. Banks (Biological Invasions, 2017)

A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality - Maxime Cailleret; Steven Jansen; Elisabeth M. R. Robert; Lucía Desoto; Tuomas Aakala; Joseph A. Antos; Barbara Beikircher; Christof Bigler; Harald Bugmann; Marco Caccianiga; Vojtěch Čada; Jesus J. Camarero; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan‐continental tree‐ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1–100 years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long‐lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade‐ and drought‐tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark‐beetles) typically showed relatively small and short‐term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade‐off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark‐beetle attack, while long‐term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth‐based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark‐beetle outbreaks.

Mechanisms of starch digestion by α -amylase—Structural basis for kinetic properties - Sushil Dhital; Frederick J. Warren; Peter J. Butterworth; Peter R. Ellis; Michael J. Gidley (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017)

Best Practice Framework and Principles for Monitoring the Effect of Coastal Development on Marine Mammals - Elizabeth R. Hawkins; Robert Harcourt; Lars Bejder; Lyndon O. Brooks; Alana Grech; Fredrik Christiansen; Helene Marsh; Peter L. Harrison (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Viscous Crossflow in Layered Porous Media - Yacine Debbabi; Matthew D. Jackson; Gary J. Hampson; Peter J. R. Fitch; Pablo Salinas (Transport in Porous Media, 2017)

The world-class Howard’s Pass SEDEX Zn-Pb district, Selwyn Basin, Yukon. Part II: the roles of thermochemical and bacterial sulfate reduction in metal fixation - Michael G. Gadd; Daniel Layton-Matthews; Jan M. Peter; Suzanne Paradis; Ian R. Jonasson (Mineralium Deposita, 2017)

Monoclonal antibody Py recognizes neurofilament heavy chain and is a selective marker for large diameter neurons in the brain - Heidi R. Fuller; Lucia Marani; Ian Holt; Peter L. Woodhams; Michael M. Webb; Monte A. Gates (Brain Structure and Function, 2017)

Denial of long‐term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences - Lahiru S. Wijedasa; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Mari Könönen; Maija Lampela; Harri Vasander; Marie‐Claire Leblanc; Stephanie Evers; Thomas E. L. Smith; Catherine M. Yule; Helena Varkkey; Massimo Lupascu; Faizal Parish; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)

Species‐specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs - Remy R. Okazaki; Erica K. Towle; Ruben van Hooidonk; Carolina Mor; Rivah N. Winter; Alan M. Piggot; Ross Cunning; Andrew C. Baker; James S. Klaus; Peter K. Swart; Chris Langdon (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Anthropogenic climate change compromises reef growth as a result of increasing temperatures and ocean acidification. Scleractinian corals vary in their sensitivity to these variables, suggesting species composition will influence how reef communities respond to future climate change. Because data are lacking for many species, most studies that model future reef growth rely on uniform scleractinian calcification sensitivities to temperature and ocean acidification. To address this knowledge gap, calcification of twelve common and understudied Caribbean coral species was measured for two months under crossed temperatures (27, 30.3 °C) and CO 2 partial pressures ( p CO 2 ) (400, 900, 1300 μatm). Mixed‐effects models of calcification for each species were then used to project community‐level scleractinian calcification using Florida Keys reef composition data and IPCC AR 5 ensemble climate model data. Three of the four most abundant species, Orbicella faveolata, Montastraea cavernosa, and Porites astreoides , had negative calcification responses to both elevated temperature and p CO 2 . In the business‐as‐usual CO 2 emissions scenario, reefs with high abundances of these species had projected end‐of‐century declines in scleractinian calcification of >50% relative to present‐day rates. Siderastrea siderea , the other most common species, was insensitive to both temperature and p CO 2 within the levels tested here. Reefs dominated by this species had the most stable end‐of‐century growth. Under more optimistic scenarios of reduced CO 2 emissions, calcification rates throughout the Florida Keys declined S. siderea are not already dominant. This study demonstrates how species composition influences reef community responses to climate change and how reduced CO 2 emissions can limit future declines in reef calcification.

Islands in the ice stream: were spawning habitats for native salmonids in the Great Lakes created by paleo‐ice streams? - Stephen C Riley; Thomas R Binder; Taaja R Tucker; John Menzies; Nick Eyles; John Janssen; Andrew M Muir; Peter C Esselman; Nigel J Wattrus; Charles C Krueger (Fish and Fisheries, 2017)
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush , lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and cisco Coregonus artedi are salmonid fishes native to the Laurentian Great Lakes that spawn on rocky substrates in the fall and early winter. After comparing the locations of spawning habitat for these species in the main basin of Lake Huron with surficial substrates and the hypothesized locations of fast‐flowing Late Wisconsinan paleo‐ice streams, we hypothesize that much of the spawning habitat for these species in Lake Huron is the result of deposition and erosion by paleo‐ice streams. This hypothesis may represent a new framework for the identification and protection of spawning habitat for these native species, some of which are currently rare or extirpated in some of the Great Lakes. We further suggest that paleo‐ice streams may have been responsible for the creation of native salmonid spawning habitat elsewhere in the Great Lakes and in other glaciated landscapes.

Long‐term structural and biomass dynamics of virgin Tsuga canadensis–Pinus strobus forests after hurricane disturbance - Anthony W. D'Amato; David A. Orwig; David R. Foster; Audrey Barker Plotkin; Peter K. Schoonmaker; Maggie R. Wagner (Ecology, 2017)
The development of old‐growth forests in northeastern North America has largely been within the context of gap‐scale disturbances given the rarity of stand‐replacing disturbances. Using the 10‐ha old‐growth Harvard Tract and its associated 90‐year history of measurements, including detailed surveys in 1989 and 2009, we document the long‐term structural and biomass development of an old‐growth Tsuga canadensis–Pinus strobus forest in southern New Hampshire, USA following a stand‐replacing hurricane in 1938. Measurements of aboveground biomass pools were integrated with data from second‐ and old‐growth T. canadensis forests to evaluate long‐term patterns in biomass development following this disturbance. Ecosystem structure across the Tract prior to the hurricane exhibited a high degree of spatial heterogeneity with the greatest levels of live tree basal area (70–129 m 2 /ha) on upper west‐facing slopes where P. strobus was dominant and intermixed with T. canadensis . Live‐tree biomass estimates for these stratified mixtures ranged from 159 to 503 Mg/ha at the localized, plot scale (100 m 2 ) and averaged 367 Mg/ha across these portions of the landscape approaching the upper bounds for eastern forests. Live‐tree biomass 71 years after the hurricane is more uniform and lower in magnitude, with T. canadensis currently the dominant overstory tree species throughout much of the landscape. Despite only one living P. strobus stem in the 2009 plots (and fewer than five stems known across the entire 10‐ha area), the detrital legacy of this species is pronounced with localized accumulations of coarse woody debris exceeding 237.7–404.2 m 3 /ha where this species once dominated the canopy. These patterns underscore the great sizes P. strobus attained in pre‐European landscapes and its great decay resistance relative to its forest associates. Total aboveground biomass pools in this 71‐year‐old forest (255 Mg/ha) are comparable to those in modern old‐growth ecosystems in the region that also lack abundant white pine. Results highlight the importance of disturbance legacies in affecting forest structural conditions over extended periods following stand‐replacing events and underscore that post‐disturbance salvage logging can alter ecosystem development for decades. Moreover, the dominant role of old‐growth P. strobus in live and detrital biomass pools before and after the hurricane, respectively, demonstrate the disproportionate influence this species likely had on carbon storage at localized scales prior to the widespread, selective harvesting of large P. strobus across the region in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex - Daniele Caligiore; Giovanni Pezzulo; Gianluca Baldassarre; Andreea C. Bostan; Peter L. Strick; Kenji Doya; Rick C. Helmich; Michiel Dirkx; James Houk; Henrik Jörntell; Angel Lago-Rodriguez; Joseph M. Galea; et al. (The Cerebellum, 2017)

Manually controlled steerable needle for MRI-guided percutaneous interventions - Kirsten R. Henken; Peter R. Seevinck; Jenny Dankelman; John J. van den Dobbelsteen (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2017)

Proceedings of the third international molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) meeting - Peter T. Campbell; Timothy R. Rebbeck; Reiko Nishihara; Andrew H. Beck; Colin B. Begg; Alexei A. Bogdanov; Yin Cao; Helen G. Coleman; Gordon J. Freeman; Yujing J. Heng; Curtis Huttenhower; Rafael A. Irizarry; et al. (Cancer Causes & Control, 2017)

Neural correlates of emotion reappraisal in individuals with externalizing psychopathology - Allison J. Lake; Peter R. Finn; Thomas W. James (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017)

Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci developed for an Afrotherian species endemic to southern Africa, Elephantulus myurus (Macroscelidea: Macroscelididae) - Sasha Hoffmann; Heather J. Webster; Peter R. Teske; Heike Lutermann; Nigel C. Bennett; Bettine Jansen van Vuuren (Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2017)

Infanticide in a jaguar (Panthera onca) population—does the provision of livestock carcasses increase the risk? - Fernando R. Tortato; Allison L. Devlin; Rafael Hoogesteijn; Joares A. May Júnior; Jacqueline L. Frair; Peter G. Crawshaw; Thiago J. Izzo; Howard B. Quigley (acta ethologica, 2017)

Simultaneous and intercontinental tests show synchronism between the local gravimetric tide and the ultra-weak photon emission in seedlings of different plant species - Cristiano M. Gallep; Peter W. Barlow; Rosilene C. R. Burgos; Eduard P. A. van Wijk (Protoplasma, 2017)

A LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Adenosine, Guanosine and Inosine Nucleotides in Human Cells - Leah C. Jimmerson; Lane R. Bushman; Michelle L. Ray; Peter L. Anderson; Jennifer J. Kiser (Pharmaceutical Research, 2017)

Exposure to SSRI-type antidepressants increases righting time in the marine snail Ilyanassa obsoleta - Peter P. Fong; Taylor B. S. Bury; Elizabeth E. Donovan; Olivia J. Lambert; Julia R. Palmucci; Stephnie K. Adamczak (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Moving Towards a New Urban Systems Science - Peter M. Groffman; Mary L. Cadenasso; Jeannine Cavender-Bares; Daniel L. Childers; Nancy B. Grimm; J. Morgan Grove; Sarah E. Hobbie; Lucy R. Hutyra; G. Darrel Jenerette; Timon McPhearson; Diane E. Pataki; Steward T. A. Pickett; et al. (Ecosystems, 2017)

Residue addition and liming history interactively enhance mineralization of native organic carbon in acid soils - Nang Seng Aye; Clayton R. Butterly; Peter W. G. Sale; Caixian Tang (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2017)

Inferring contemporary and historical genetic connectivity from juveniles - Pierre Feutry; Oliver Berry; Peter M. Kyne; Richard D. Pillans; Richard M. Hillary; Peter M. Grewe; James R. Marthick; Grant Johnson; Rasanthi M. Gunasekera; Nicholas J. Bax; Mark Bravington (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Measuring population connectivity is a critical task in conservation biology. While genetic markers can provide reliable long‐term historical estimates of population connectivity, scientists are still limited in their ability to determine contemporary patterns of gene flow, the most practical time frame for management. Here, we tackled this issue by developing a new approach that only requires juvenile sampling at a single time period. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we used the Speartooth shark ( Glyphis glyphis ), a critically endangered species of river shark found only in tropical northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. Contemporary adult and juvenile shark movements, estimated with the spatial distribution of kin pairs across and within three river systems, was contrasted with historical long‐term connectivity patterns, estimated from mitogenomes and genome‐wide SNP data. We found strong support for river fidelity in juveniles with the within‐cohort relationship analysis. Male breeding movements were highlighted with the cross‐cohort relationship analysis, and female reproductive philopatry to the river systems was revealed by the mitogenomic analysis. We show that accounting for juvenile river fidelity and female philopatry is important in population structure analysis and that targeted sampling in nurseries and juvenile aggregations should be included in the genomic toolbox of threatened species management.

An overview of Australia's temperate marine phylogeography, with new evidence from high‐dispersal gastropods - Peter R. Teske; Jonathan Sandoval‐Castillo; Jonathan Waters; Luciano B. Beheregaray (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim We provide an overview of the location and ages of coastal phylogeographical breaks in southern Australian planktonic dispersers, and test the hypothesis that the absence of such breaks in some species is an artefact of insufficient resolution of genetic markers when such breaks evolved comparatively recently. Location Temperate coastal Australia. Methods We generated a large (> 1500 individuals) data set from rapidly evolving microsatellite markers for two codistributed Australian coastal gastropods, and compared it with mitochondrial DNA data. Both study species, the snail Nerita atramentosa and the limpet Siphonaria diemenensis , have long planktonic dispersal phases, and neither taxon exhibits substantial regional genetic structure on the basis of mitochondrial DNA . We tested for the presence of genetic structure by means of AMOVA , Bayesian clustering ( structure ) and iterated realloction ( flock ). Results There was no compelling evidence for the existence of more than one evolutionary lineage in either species. Main conclusions Discrepancies in the phylogeographical structuring of co‐distributed intertidal taxa cannot be attributed to insufficient marker resolution for the two species considered here, and likely reflect a combination of abiotic and biotic factors that include porous dispersal barriers, life history and species age/history. It appears that contemporary oceanography does not explain the presence of phylogeographical breaks, but may serve to maintain breaks that evolved earlier. Deep genetic divergence in some of the previously studied coastal invertebrates suggests that these could be cryptic species, in which case competitive exclusion may play a role in constraining species biogeography.

Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes - Tommaso Jucker; John Caspersen; Jérôme Chave; Cécile Antin; Nicolas Barbier; Frans Bongers; Michele Dalponte; Karin Y. van Ewijk; David I. Forrester; Matthias Haeni; Steven I. Higgins; Robert J. Holdaway; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Remote sensing is revolutionizing the way we study forests, and recent technological advances mean we are now able – for the first time – to identify and measure the crown dimensions of individual trees from airborne imagery. Yet to make full use of these data for quantifying forest carbon stocks and dynamics, a new generation of allometric tools which have tree height and crown size at their centre are needed. Here, we compile a global database of 108753 trees for which stem diameter, height and crown diameter have all been measured, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass. Using this database, we develop general allometric models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can be remotely sensed – specifically height and crown diameter. We show that tree height and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a single equation predicts stem diameter from these two variables across the world's forests. These new allometric models provide an intuitive way of integrating remote sensing imagery into large‐scale forest monitoring programmes and will be of key importance for parameterizing the next generation of dynamic vegetation models.

Ecology under lake ice - Stephanie E. Hampton; Aaron W. E. Galloway; Stephen M. Powers; Ted Ozersky; Kara H. Woo; Ryan D. Batt; Stephanie G. Labou; Catherine M. O'Reilly; Sapna Sharma; Noah R. Lottig; Emily H. Stanley; Rebecca L. North; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2017)
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under‐ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a , 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter‐summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake‐specific, species‐specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.

Fatal landslides in Europe - Ubydul Haque; Philipp Blum; Paula F. da Silva; Peter Andersen; Jürgen Pilz; Sergey R. Chalov; Jean-Philippe Malet; Mateja Jemec Auflič; Norina Andres; Eleftheria Poyiadji; Pedro C. Lamas; Wenyi Zhang; et al. (Landslides, 2016)

Teletoxicology: Patient Assessment Using Wearable Audiovisual Streaming Technology - Aaron B. Skolnik; Peter R. Chai; Christian Dameff; Richard Gerkin; Jessica Monas; Angela Padilla-Jones; Steven Curry (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016)

Wearable Devices and Biosensing: Future Frontiers - Peter R. Chai (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2016)

The process of developing a nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention: a multi-site experience - Peter R. Berti; Rachelle E. Desrochers; Hoi Pham Van; An Lê Văn; Tung Duc Ngo; Ky Hoang The; Nga Le Thi; Prasit Wangpakapattanawong (Food Security, 2016)

Range-wide fragmentation in a threatened fish associated with post-European settlement modification in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia - Theresa L. Cole; Michael P. Hammer; Peter J. Unmack; Peter R. Teske; Chris J. Brauer; Mark Adams; Luciano B. Beheregaray (Conservation Genetics, 2016)

Reduced white matter MRI transverse relaxation rate in cognitively normal H63D-HFE human carriers and H67D-HFE mice - Mark D. Meadowcroft; Jianli Wang; Carson J. Purnell; Douglas G. Peters; Paul J. Eslinger; Elizabeth B. Neely; David J. Gill; Megha Vasavada; Fatima Ali-Rahmani; Qing X. Yang; James R. Connor (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

A Hilly path through the thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of protein solutions - Peter R. Wills (Biophysical Reviews, 2016)

Towards management of invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi - Ian A. Dickie; Martin A. Nuñez; Anne Pringle; Teresa Lebel; Samuel G. Tourtellot; Peter R. Johnston (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Large‐scale, multidirectional larval connectivity among coral reef fish populations in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - David H. Williamson; Hugo B. Harrison; Glenn R. Almany; Michael L. Berumen; Michael Bode; Mary C. Bonin; Severine Choukroun; Peter J. Doherty; Ashley J. Frisch; Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo; Geoffrey P. Jones (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Larval dispersal is the key process by which populations of most marine fishes and invertebrates are connected and replenished. Advances in larval tagging and genetics have enhanced our capacity to track larval dispersal, assess scales of population connectivity, and quantify larval exchange among no‐take marine reserves and fished areas. Recent studies have found that reserves can be a significant source of recruits for populations up to 40 km away, but the scale and direction of larval connectivity across larger seascapes remain unknown. Here, we apply genetic parentage analysis to investigate larval dispersal patterns for two exploited coral reef groupers ( Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus leopardus ) within and among three clusters of reefs separated by 60–220 km within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. A total of 69 juvenile P. maculatus and 17 juvenile P. leopardus (representing 6% and 9% of the total juveniles sampled, respectively) were genetically assigned to parent individuals on reefs within the study area. We identified both short‐distance larval dispersal within regions (200 m to 50 km) and long‐distance, multidirectional dispersal of up to ~250 km among regions. Dispersal strength declined significantly with distance, with best‐fit dispersal kernels estimating median dispersal distances of ~110 km for P. maculatus and ~190 km for P. leopardus . Larval exchange among reefs demonstrates that established reserves form a highly connected network and contribute larvae for the replenishment of fished reefs at multiple spatial scales. Our findings highlight the potential for long‐distance dispersal in an important group of reef fishes, and provide further evidence that effectively protected reserves can yield recruitment and sustainability benefits for exploited fish populations.

Evolutionary processes underlying latitudinal differences in reef fish biodiversity - Alexandre C. Siqueira; Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira‐Santos; Peter F. Cowman; Sergio R. Floeter (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim To examine the dynamics among the processes of speciation, extinction and dispersal in marine environments using phylogenies to reveal the evolutionary mechanisms that promote latitudinal differences in biodiversity. Using phylogenetic comparative methods we assess whether tropical reef fish lineages show higher diversification rates and whether the majority of extratropical reef fish lineages have originated from tropical areas. Location Shallow water tropical and extratropical reefs globally. Methods Using fossil‐calibrated phylogenies for four reef‐associated fish families (Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae and Sparidae) we apply evolutionary models (GeoSSE and HiSSE) that allow the estimation of speciation, extinction and dispersal rates associated with geographical ranges and explore potential biases from unsampled characters. Results We found that tropical lineages show higher rates of speciation and tended to have lower extinction rates. Overall, we identify higher net diversification rates for tropical lineages compared with those in extratropical regions in all four families. Rates of dispersal tended to be higher for lineages with tropical origins expanding into extratropical regions. Within the family Labridae, two tropical lineages were found to exhibit higher net diversification rates, above that expected from latitudinal differences. Main conclusions Our results offer support for the predictions of the ‘out of the tropics’ and ‘evolutionary speed’ models of evolution, both of which highlight the marine tropics as an important evolutionary engine promoting latitudinal differences in reef fish biodiversity. Moreover, we find that two tropical labrid lineages are undergoing exceptional diversification associated with additional traits, possibly linked with the extreme sexual dichromatism observed in both clades.

Heterotrophic Proteobacteria in the vicinity of diffuse hydrothermal venting - Dimitri V. Meier; Wolfgang Bach; Peter R. Girguis; Harald R. Gruber‐Vodicka; Eoghan P. Reeves; Michael Richter; Charles Vidoudez; Rudolf Amann; Anke Meyerdierks (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are highly dynamic habitats characterized by steep temperature and chemical gradients. The oxidation of reduced compounds dissolved in the venting fluids fuels primary production providing the basis for extensive life. Until recently studies of microbial vent communities have focused primarily on chemolithoautotrophic organisms. In our study, we targeted the change of microbial community compositions along mixing gradients, focusing on distribution and capabilities of heterotrophic microorganisms. Samples were retrieved from different venting areas within the Menez Gwen hydrothermal field, taken along mixing gradients, including diffuse fluid discharge points, their immediate surroundings and the buoyant parts of hydrothermal plumes. High throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and targeted metagenome analysis were combined with geochemical analyses. Close to diffuse venting orifices dominated by chemolithoautotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria , in areas where environmental conditions still supported chemolithoautotrophic processes, we detected microbial communities enriched for versatile heterotrophic Alpha ‐ and Gammaproteobacteria . The potential for alkane degradation could be shown for several genera and yet uncultured clades. We propose that hotspots of chemolithoautotrophic life support a ‘belt’ of heterotrophic bacteria significantly different from the dominating oligotrophic microbiota of the deep sea.

Consequences of Fish Kills for Long-Term Trophic Structure in Shallow Lakes: Implications for Theory and Restoration - Carl D. Sayer; Thomas A. Davidson; Ruth Rawcliffe; Peter G. Langdon; Peter R. Leavitt; Georgina Cockerton; Neil L. Rose; Toby Croft (Ecosystems, 2016)

Complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis of four genital and respiratory isolates of bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.2b (BoHV-1.2b), including the prototype virus strain K22 - Jean M. d’Offay; R. Eberle; Robert W. Fulton; Peter D. Kirkland (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Detection of equine arteritis virus by two chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization assays (conventional and RNAscope®) and assessment of their performance in tissues from aborted equine fetuses - Mariano Carossino; Alan T. Loynachan; N. James MacLachlan; Clifton Drew; Kathleen M. Shuck; Peter J. Timoney; Fabio Del Piero; Udeni B. R. Balasuriya (Archives of Virology, 2016)

The genetics of extreme microgeographic adaptation: an integrated approach identifies a major gene underlying leaf trichome divergence in Yellowstone Mimulus guttatus - Margaret F. Hendrick; Findley R. Finseth; Minna E. Mathiasson; Kristen A. Palmer; Emma M. Broder; Peter Breigenzer; Lila Fishman (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Microgeographic adaptation provides a particularly interesting context for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence and may also present unique empirical challenges. In particular, plant adaptation to extreme soil mosaics may generate barriers to gene flow or shifts in mating system that confound simple genomic scans for adaptive loci. Here, we combine three approaches – quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of candidate intervals in controlled crosses, population resequencing (PoolSeq) and analyses of wild recombinant individuals – to investigate one trait associated with Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower) adaptation to geothermal soils in Yellowstone National Park. We mapped a major QTL causing dense leaf trichomes in thermally adapted plants to a M. guttatus populations. A PoolSeq scan of Tr14 region revealed a cluster of six genes, coincident with the inferred QTL peak, with high allele frequency differences sufficient to explain observed phenotypic differentiation. One of these, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor Migut.N02661, is a plausible functional candidate and was also strongly associated ( r 2 = 0.27) with trichome phenotype in analyses of wild‐collected admixed individuals. Although functional analyses will be necessary to definitively link molecular variants in Tr14 with trichome divergence, our analyses are a major step in that direction. They point to a simple, and parallel, genetic basis for one axis of Mimulus guttatus adaptation to an extreme habitat, suggest a broadly conserved genetic basis for trichome variation across flowering plants and pave the way for further investigations of this challenging case of microgeographic incipient speciation.

Will changes in phenology track climate change? A study of growth initiation timing in coast Douglas‐fir - Kevin R. Ford; Constance A. Harrington; Sheel Bansal; Peter J. Gould; J. Bradley St. Clair (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Under climate change, the reduction of frost risk, onset of warm temperatures and depletion of soil moisture are all likely to occur earlier in the year in many temperate regions. The resilience of tree species will depend on their ability to track these changes in climate with shifts in phenology that lead to earlier growth initiation in the spring. Exposure to warm temperatures (‘forcing’) typically triggers growth initiation, but many trees also require exposure to cool temperatures (‘chilling’) while dormant to readily initiate growth in the spring. If warming increases forcing and decreases chilling, climate change could maintain, advance or delay growth initiation phenology relative to the onset of favorable conditions. We modeled the timing of height‐ and diameter‐growth initiation in coast Douglas‐fir (an ecologically and economically vital tree in western North America) to determine whether changes in phenology are likely to track changes in climate using data from field‐based and controlled‐environment studies, which included conditions warmer than those currently experienced in the tree's range. For high latitude and elevation portions of the tree's range, our models predicted that warming will lead to earlier growth initiation and allow trees to track changes in the onset of the warm but still moist conditions that favor growth, generally without substantially greater exposure to frost. In contrast, toward lower latitude and elevation range limits, the models predicted that warming will lead to delayed growth initiation relative to changes in climate due to reduced chilling, with trees failing to capture favorable conditions in the earlier parts of the spring. This maladaptive response to climate change was more prevalent for diameter‐growth initiation than height‐growth initiation. The decoupling of growth initiation with the onset of favorable climatic conditions could reduce the resilience of coast Douglas‐fir to climate change at the warm edges of its distribution.

A keystone ecologist: Robert Treat Paine, 1933–2016 - James A. Estes; Paul K. Dayton; Peter Kareiva; Simon A. Levin; Jane Lubchenco; Bruce A. Menge; Stephen R. Palumbi; Mary E. Power; John Terborgh (Ecology, 2016)
Robert T. Paine, who passed away on 13 June 2016, is among the most influential people in the history of ecology. Paine was an experimentalist, a theoretician, a practitioner, and proponent of the “ecology of place,” and a deep believer in the importance of natural history to ecological understanding. His scientific legacy grew from the discovery of a link between top‐down forcing and species diversity, a breakthrough that led to the ideas of both keystone species and trophic cascades, and to our early understanding of the mosaic nature of biological communities, causes of zonation across physical gradients, and the intermediate‐disturbance hypothesis of species diversity. Paine's influence as a mentor was equally important to the growth of ecological thinking, natural resource conservation, and policy. He served ecology as an Ecological Society of America president, an editor of the Society's journals, a member of and contributor to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council, and an in‐demand advisor to various state and federal agencies. Paine's broad interests, enthusiasm, charisma, and humor deeply affected our lives and the lives of so many others.

Household types as a tool to understand adaptive capacity: case studies from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Bangladesh and India - Liana J. Williams; Sharmin Afroz; Peter R. Brown; Lytoua Chialue; Clemens M. Grünbühel; Tanya Jakimow; Iqbal Khan; Mao Minea; V. Ratna Reddy; Silinthone Sacklokham; Emmanuel Santoyo Rio; Mak Soeun; et al. (Climate and Development, 2016)

Biodistribution and Efficacy of Low Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Encapsulated Docetaxel Combined with Mild Hyperthermia in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer - Ashish Ranjan; Compton J. Benjamin; Ayele H. Negussie; Saurin Chokshi; Paul H. Chung; Dmitry Volkin; Nitin Yeram; W. Marston Linehan; Matthew R. Dreher; Peter A. Pinto; Bradford J. Wood (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Regulation of myoglobin in hypertrophied rat cardiomyocytes in experimental pulmonary hypertension - E. L. Peters; C. Offringa; D. Kos; W. J. Van der Laarse; R. T. Jaspers (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2016)

Correspondence Between Urban Bird Roosts and the Presence of Aerosolised Fungal Pathogens - Peter J. Irga; Brigette Armstrong; William L. King; Margaret Burchett; Fraser R. Torpy (Mycopathologia, 2016)

Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016) - Michael J. Adams; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Andrew M. Q. King; Balázs Harrach; Robert L. Harrison; Nick J. Knowles; Andrew M. Kropinski; Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Arcady R. Mushegian; Max Nibert; Sead Sabanadzovic; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Drought survival is a threshold function of habitat size and population density in a fish metapopulation - Richard S. A. White; Peter A. McHugh; Angus R. McIntosh (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Because smaller habitats dry more frequently and severely during droughts, habitat size is likely a key driver of survival in populations during climate change and associated increased extreme drought frequency. Here, we show that survival in populations during droughts is a threshold function of habitat size driven by an interaction with population density in metapopulations of the forest pool dwelling fish, Neochanna apoda . A mark–recapture study involving 830 N. apoda individuals during a one‐in‐seventy‐year extreme drought revealed that survival during droughts was high for populations occupying pools deeper than 139 mm, but declined steeply in shallower pools. This threshold was caused by an interaction between increasing population density and drought magnitude associated with decreasing habitat size, which acted synergistically to increase physiological stress and mortality. This confirmed two long‐held hypotheses, firstly concerning the interactive role of population density and physiological stress, herein driven by habitat size, and secondly, the occurrence of drought survival thresholds. Our results demonstrate how survival in populations during droughts will depend strongly on habitat size and highlight that minimum habitat size thresholds will likely be required to maximize survival as the frequency and intensity of droughts are projected to increase as a result of global climate change.

Regional atmospheric CO 2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange - Caroline B. Alden; John B. Miller; Luciana V. Gatti; Manuel M. Gloor; Kaiyu Guan; Anna M. Michalak; Ingrid T. van der Laan‐Luijkx; Danielle Touma; Arlyn Andrews; Luana S. Basso; Caio S. C. Correia; Lucas G. Domingues; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate–carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the global carbon budget is net biome exchange of CO 2 with the atmosphere ( NBE ), which represents nonfire carbon fluxes into and out of biomass and soils. Subannual and sub‐Basin Amazon NBE estimates have relied heavily on process‐based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with plot‐scale observations. We present a new analysis of airborne measurements that reveals monthly, regional‐scale (~1–8 × 10 6 km 2 ) NBE variations. We develop a regional atmospheric CO 2 inversion that provides the first analysis of geographic and temporal variability in Amazon biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange and that is minimally influenced by biosphere model‐based first guesses of seasonal and annual mean fluxes. We find little evidence for a clear seasonal cycle in Amazon NBE but do find NBE sensitivity to aberrations from long‐term mean climate. In particular, we observe increased NBE (more carbon emitted to the atmosphere) associated with heat and drought in 2010, and correlations between wet season NBE and precipitation (negative correlation) and temperature (positive correlation). In the eastern Amazon, pulses of increased NBE persisted through 2011, suggesting legacy effects of 2010 heat and drought. We also identify regional differences in postdrought NBE that appear related to long‐term water availability. We examine satellite proxies and find evidence for higher gross primary productivity ( GPP ) during a pulse of increased carbon uptake in 2011, and lower GPP during a period of increased NBE in the 2010 dry season drought, but links between GPP and NBE changes are not conclusive. These results provide novel evidence of NBE sensitivity to short‐term temperature and moisture extremes in the Amazon, where monthly and sub‐Basin estimates have not been previously available.

Detection vs. selection: integration of genetic, epigenetic and environmental cues in fluctuating environments - John M. McNamara; Sasha R. X. Dall; Peter Hammerstein; Olof Leimar (Ecology Letters, 2016)
There are many inputs during development that influence an organism's fit to current or upcoming environments. These include genetic effects, transgenerational epigenetic influences, environmental cues and developmental noise, which are rarely investigated in the same formal framework. We study an analytically tractable evolutionary model, in which cues are integrated to determine mature phenotypes in fluctuating environments. Environmental cues received during development and by the mother as an adult act as detection‐based (individually observed) cues. The mother's phenotype and a quantitative genetic effect act as selection‐based cues (they correlate with environmental states after selection). We specify when such cues are complementary and tend to be used together, and when using the most informative cue will predominate. Thus, we extend recent analyses of the evolutionary implications of subsets of these effects by providing a general diagnosis of the conditions under which detection and selection‐based influences on development are likely to evolve and coexist.

Fine-Scale Monitoring of Routine Deep Dives by Gravid Leatherback Turtles during the Internesting Interval Indicate a Capital Breeding Strategy - Junichi Okuyama; Jeffrey A. Seminoff; Peter H. Dutton; Scott R. Benson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Elevated fecal calprotectin associates with adverse outcomes from Clostridium difficile infection in older adults - Krishna Rao; Kavitha Santhosh; Jill A. Mogle; Peter D. R. Higgins; Vincent B. Young (Infectious Diseases, 2016)

Responsiveness of electrical nociceptive detection thresholds to capsaicin (8 %)-induced changes in nociceptive processing - Robert J. Doll; Guido van Amerongen; Justin L. Hay; Geert J. Groeneveld; Peter H. Veltink; Jan R. Buitenweg (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Seven days of high carbohydrate ingestion does not attenuate post-exercise IL-6 and hepcidin levels - Claire E. Badenhorst; Brian Dawson; Gregory R. Cox; Marc Sim; Coby M. Laarakkers; Dorine W. Swinkels; Peter Peeling (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Clinical and corneal microbial profile of infectious keratitis in a high HIV prevalence setting in rural South Africa - E. Schaftenaar; R. P. H. Peters; G. S. Baarsma; C. Meenken; N. S. Khosa; S. Getu; J. A. McIntyre; A. D. M. E. Osterhaus; G. M. G. M. Verjans (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2016)

Cortical brain atrophy and intra-individual variability in neuropsychological test performance in HIV disease - Lindsay J. Hines; Eric N. Miller; Charles H. Hinkin; Jeffery R. Alger; Peter Barker; Karl Goodkin; Eileen M. Martin; Victoria Maruca; Ann Ragin; Ned Sacktor; Joanne Sanders; Ola Selnes; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2016)

Multiscale Modeling in the Clinic: Drug Design and Development - Colleen E. Clancy; Gary An; William R. Cannon; Yaling Liu; Elebeoba E. May; Peter Ortoleva; Aleksander S. Popel; James P. Sluka; Jing Su; Paolo Vicini; Xiaobo Zhou; David M. Eckmann (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs - Carmen Alonso; Peter C. Raynor; Peter R. Davies; Robert B. Morrison; Montserrat Torremorell (Aerobiologia, 2016)

Climate change‐associated trends in net biomass change are age dependent in western boreal forests of Canada - Han Y. H. Chen; Yong Luo; Peter B. Reich; Eric B. Searle; Shekhar R. Biswas (Ecology Letters, 2016)
The impacts of climate change on forest net biomass change are poorly understood but critical for predicting forest's contribution to the global carbon cycle. Recent studies show climate change‐associated net biomass declines in mature forest plots. The representativeness of these plots for regional forests, however, remains uncertain because we lack an assessment of whether climate change impacts differ with forest age. Using data from plots of varying ages from 17 to 210 years, monitored from 1958 to 2011 in western Canada, we found that climate change has little effect on net biomass change in forests ≤ 40 years of age due to increased growth offsetting increased mortality, but has led to large decreases in older forests due to increased mortality accompanying little growth gain. Our analysis highlights the need to incorporate forest age profiles in examining past and projecting future forest responses to climate change.

Uniting paradigms of connectivity in marine ecology - Christopher J. Brown; Alastair R. Harborne; Claire B. Paris; Peter J. Mumby (Ecology, 2016)
The connectivity of marine organisms among habitat patches has been dominated by two independent paradigms with distinct conservation strategies. One paradigm is the dispersal of larvae on ocean currents, which suggests networks of marine reserves. The other is the demersal migration of animals from nursery to adult habitats, requiring the conservation of connected ecosystem corridors. Here, we suggest that a common driver, wave exposure, links larval and demersal connectivity across the seascape. To study the effect of linked connectivities on fish abundance at reefs, we parameterize a demographic model for The Bahamas seascape using maps of habitats, empirically forced models of wave exposure and spatially realistic three‐dimensional hydrological models of larval dispersal. The integrated empirical‐modeling approach enabled us to study linked connectivity on a scale not currently possible by purely empirical studies. We find sheltered environments not only provide greater nursery habitat for juvenile fish but larvae spawned on adjacent reefs have higher retention, thereby creating a synergistic increase in fish abundance. Uniting connectivity paradigms to consider all life stages simultaneously can help explain the evolution of nursery habitat use and simplifies conservation advice: Reserves in sheltered environments have desirable characteristics for biodiversity conservation and can support local fisheries through adult spillover.

Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage (COMICS): Fieldwork, Synthesis, and Modeling Efforts - Richard J. Sanders; Stephanie A. Henson; Adrian P. Martin; Tom R. Anderson; Raffaele Bernardello; Peter Enderlein; Sophie Fielding; Sarah L. C. Giering; Manuela Hartmann; Morten Iversen; Samar Khatiwala; Phyllis Lam; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Characterisation of cochlear inflammation in mice following acute and chronic noise exposure - Winston J. T. Tan; Peter R. Thorne; Srdjan M. Vlajkovic (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016)

Temporal changes in loss of life expectancy due to cancer in Australia: a flexible parametric approach - Peter D. Baade; Danny R. Youlden; Therese M. Andersson; Philippa H. Youl; Euan T. Walpole; Michael G. Kimlin; Joanne F. Aitken; Robert J. Biggar (Cancer Causes & Control, 2016)

Erratum to: Effect of organic and mineral N fertilizers on N2Oemissions from an intensive vegetable rotation - Daniele De Rosa; David W. Rowlings; Johannes Biala; Clemens Scheer; Bruno Basso; James McGree; Peter R. Grace (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2016)

Effect of organic and mineral N fertilizers on N2O emissions from an intensive vegetable rotation - Daniele De Rosa; David W. Rowlings; Johannes Biala; Clemens Scheer; Bruno Basso; James McGree; Peter R. Grace (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2016)

Polymorphisms in CAMKK2 may predict sensory neuropathy in African HIV patients - Hayley Goullee; Antonia L. Wadley; Catherine L. Cherry; Richard J. N. Allcock; Michael Black; Peter R. Kamerman; Patricia Price (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2016)

Trade-Offs between Silicon and Phenolic Defenses may Explain Enhanced Performance of Root Herbivores on Phenolic-Rich Plants - Adam Frew; Jeff R. Powell; Nader Sallam; Peter G. Allsopp; Scott N. Johnson (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016 - Claudio L. Afonso; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Krisztián Bányai; Yīmíng Bào; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Nicolás Bejerman; Kim R. Blasdell; François-Xavier Briand; Thomas Briese; Alexander Bukreyev; Charles H. Calisher; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

A Model to Study Articular Cartilage Mechanical and Biological Responses to Sliding Loads - Oliver R. Schätti; Luigi M. Gallo; Peter A. Torzilli (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Nitrogen‐fixing bacterial communities in invasive legume nodules and associated soils are similar across introduced and native range populations in Australia - Christina Birnbaum; Andrew Bissett; Peter H. Thrall; Michelle R. Leishman (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Understanding the interactions between invasive legumes and soil biota in both native and introduced ranges could assist in managing biological invasions. We analysed the diversity of putative nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (NFB, i.e. nifH gene present) associated with five invasive legumes, four Acacia spp. and a sister taxon Paraserianthes lophantha in introduced and native range populations in Australia. We predicted that, because these host species are widely distributed, they are likely to encounter different nitrogen‐fixing bacterial communities in soils and nodules across their introduced and native ranges. Location Australia. Methods NifH genes were amplified from rhizosphere soils collected from beneath each species (multiple populations) within their native and introduced range and directly from nodules collected from plants previously grown in the glasshouse using field‐collected soil as inoculum. NifH gene sequences from soils and nodules were 454 pyrosequenced and assigned to taxonomic groups based on nifH consensus taxonomy. Results We found no difference in the NFB community of soils or nodules between native and introduced ranges across the five species, suggesting that these legumes encounter similar NFB communities in soils across Australia. Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant rhizobial genus present in both soils and nodules . Bradyrhizobium species found in nodules were significantly different across the ranges for A. longifolia . Main conclusions The results indicate that these invasive legumes have similar nitrogen‐fixing bacterial communities in their rhizosphere and nodules across Australia, with the exception of A. longifolia . This species has diverse Bradyrhizobium genotypes in its nodules suggesting that A. longifolia may be a more generalist host compared to the other four legumes. Thus, it is unlikely that the invasive success of these legumes is constrained by the absence of suitable bacterial symbionts in soil. Better knowledge of legume–soil interactions could facilitate more informed and effective management of invasive legumes in their introduced ranges in Australia and elsewhere.

Controlling range expansion in habitat networks by adaptively targeting source populations - Karlo Hock; Nicholas H. Wolff; Roger Beeden; Jessica Hoey; Scott A. Condie; Kenneth R. N. Anthony; Hugh P. Possingham; Peter J. Mumby (Conservation Biology, 2016)
Controlling the spread of invasive species, pests, and pathogens is often logistically limited to interventions that target specific locations at specific periods. However, in complex, highly connected systems, such as marine environments connected by ocean currents, populations spread dynamically in both space and time via transient connectivity links. This results in nondeterministic future distributions of species in which local populations emerge dynamically and concurrently over a large area. The challenge, therefore, is to choose intervention locations that will maximize the effectiveness of the control efforts. We propose a novel method to manage dynamic species invasions and outbreaks that identifies the intervention locations most likely to curtail population expansion by selectively targeting local populations most likely to expand their future range. Critically, at any point during the development of the invasion or outbreak, the method identifies the local intervention that maximizes the long‐term benefit across the ecosystem by restricting species’ potential to spread. In so doing, the method adaptively selects the intervention targets under dynamically changing circumstances. To illustrate the effectiveness of the method we applied it to controlling the spread of crown‐of‐thorns starfish ( Acanthaster sp.) outbreaks across Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Application of our method resulted in an 18‐fold relative improvement in management outcomes compared with a random targeting of reefs in putative starfish control scenarios. Although we focused on applying the method to reducing the spread of an unwanted species, it can also be used to facilitate the spread of desirable species through connectivity networks. For example, the method could be used to select those fragments of habitat most likely to rebuild a population if they were sufficiently well protected.

Glucoregulatory, endocrine and morphological effects of [P5K]hymenochirin-1B in mice with diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance - Bosede O. Owolabi; Opeolu O. Ojo; Dinesh K. Srinivasan; J. Michael Conlon; Peter R. Flatt; Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2016)

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and neighboring corals on the growth of Pocillopora verrucosa - Nicolas R. Evensen; Peter J. Edmunds (Marine Biology, 2016)

Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida; Yi Lu; Suzanne C. Dixon; Peter A. Fasching; Alexander Hein; Stefanie Burghaus; Matthias W. Beckmann; Diether Lambrechts; Els Van Nieuwenhuysen; Ignace Vergote; Adriaan Vanderstichele; Jennifer Anne Doherty; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Non-Target Impacts of an Attract-and-Kill Formulation Based on Plant Volatiles: Responses of some Generalist Predators - Peter C. Gregg; Alice P. Del Socorro; Matthew R. Binns (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Developing Bisexual Attract-and-Kill for Polyphagous Insects: Ecological Rationale versus Pragmatics - Peter C. Gregg; Alice P. Del Socorro; Anthony J. Hawes; Matthew R. Binns (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Optimizing Aerosol Dispensers for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L - Peter S. McGhee; James R. Miller; Donald R. Thomson; Larry J. Gut (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Vascular Response to Experimental Stent Malapposition and Under-Expansion - Caroline C. O’Brien; Augusto C. Lopes; Kumaran Kolandaivelu; Mie Kunio; Jonathan Brown; Vijaya B. Kolachalama; Claire Conway; Lynn Bailey; Peter Markham; Marco Costa; James Ware; Elazer R. Edelman (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

A synthesis of genetic connectivity in deep‐sea fauna and implications for marine reserve design - Amy R. Baco; Ron J. Etter; Pedro A. Ribeiro; Sophie von der Heyden; Peter Beerli; Brian P. Kinlan (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
With anthropogenic impacts rapidly advancing into deeper waters, there is growing interest in establishing deep‐sea marine protected areas ( MPA s) or reserves. Reserve design depends on estimates of connectivity and scales of dispersal for the taxa of interest. Deep‐sea taxa are hypothesized to disperse greater distances than shallow‐water taxa, which implies that reserves would need to be larger in size and networks could be more widely spaced; however, this paradigm has not been tested. We compiled population genetic studies of deep‐sea fauna and estimated dispersal distances for 51 studies using a method based on isolation‐by‐distance slopes. Estimates of dispersal distance ranged from 0.24 km to 2028 km with a geometric mean of 33.2 km and differed in relation to taxonomic and life‐history factors as well as several study parameters. Dispersal distances were generally greater for fishes than invertebrates with the Mollusca being the least dispersive sampled phylum. Species that are pelagic as adults were more dispersive than those with sessile or sedentary lifestyles. Benthic species from soft‐substrate habitats were generally less dispersive than species from hard substrate, demersal or pelagic habitats. As expected, species with pelagic and/or feeding (planktotrophic) larvae were more dispersive than other larval types. Many of these comparisons were confounded by taxonomic or other life‐history differences (e.g. fishes being more dispersive than invertebrates) making any simple interpretation difficult. Our results provide the first rough estimate of the range of dispersal distances in the deep sea and allow comparisons to shallow‐water assemblages. Overall, dispersal distances were greater for deeper taxa, although the differences were not large (0.3–0.6 orders of magnitude between means), and imbalanced sampling of shallow and deep taxa complicates any simple interpretation. Our analyses suggest the scales of dispersal and connectivity for reserve design in the deep sea might be comparable to or slightly larger than those in shallow water. Deep‐sea reserve design will need to consider the enormous variety of taxa, life histories, hydrodynamics, spatial configuration of habitats and patterns of species distributions. The many caveats of our analyses provide a strong impetus for substantial future efforts to assess connectivity of deep‐sea species from a variety of habitats, taxonomic groups and depth zones.

Biodiversity scenarios neglect future land‐use changes - Nicolas Titeux; Klaus Henle; Jean‐Baptiste Mihoub; Adrián Regos; Ilse R. Geijzendorffer; Wolfgang Cramer; Peter H. Verburg; Lluís Brotons (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Efficient management of biodiversity requires a forward‐looking approach based on scenarios that explore biodiversity changes under future environmental conditions. A number of ecological models have been proposed over the last decades to develop these biodiversity scenarios. Novel modelling approaches with strong theoretical foundation now offer the possibility to integrate key ecological and evolutionary processes that shape species distribution and community structure. Although biodiversity is affected by multiple threats, most studies addressing the effects of future environmental changes on biodiversity focus on a single threat only. We examined the studies published during the last 25 years that developed scenarios to predict future biodiversity changes based on climate, land‐use and land‐cover change projections. We found that biodiversity scenarios mostly focus on the future impacts of climate change and largely neglect changes in land use and land cover. The emphasis on climate change impacts has increased over time and has now reached a maximum. Yet, the direct destruction and degradation of habitats through land‐use and land‐cover changes are among the most significant and immediate threats to biodiversity. We argue that the current state of integration between ecological and land system sciences is leading to biased estimation of actual risks and therefore constrains the implementation of forward‐looking policy responses to biodiversity decline. We suggest research directions at the crossroads between ecological and environmental sciences to face the challenge of developing interoperable and plausible projections of future environmental changes and to anticipate the full range of their potential impacts on biodiversity. An intergovernmental platform is needed to stimulate such collaborative research efforts and to emphasize the societal and political relevance of taking up this challenge.

Assessing the contribution of fallen autumn leaves to airborne fungi in an urban environment - Peter J. Irga; Margaret D. Burchett; Gabe O’Reilly; Fraser R. Torpy (Urban Ecosystems, 2016)

A mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome shows prefrontal neurophysiological dysfunctions and attentional impairment - Simon R. O. Nilsson; Pau Celada; Kim Fejgin; Jonas Thelin; Jacob Nielsen; Noemí Santana; Christopher J. Heath; Peter H. Larsen; Vibeke Nielsen; Brianne A. Kent; Lisa M. Saksida; Tine B. Stensbøl; et al. (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Fire severity mediates seedling recruitment patterns in slender mulga (Acacia aptaneura), a fire-sensitive Australian desert shrub with heat-stimulated germination - Boyd R. Wright; Peter K. Latz; A. F. Zuur (Plant Ecology, 2016)

Are fire resprouters more carbon limited than non-resprouters? Effects of elevated CO2 on biomass, storage and allocation of woody species - Peter J. Clarke; Anthony Manea; Michelle R. Leishman (Plant Ecology, 2016)

Influence of silicate on enrichment of highly productive microalgae from a mixed culture - Peter R. Mooij; Lisanne D. de Jongh; Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht; Robbert Kleerebezem (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016)

Isolation and Characterisation of Insulin-Releasing Compounds from Pseudechis australis and Pseudechis butleri Venom - Sara W. M. Moore; Vikas K. Bhat; Peter R. Flatt; Victor A. Gault; Stephen McClean (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2016)

Transport stability of pesticides and PAHs sequestered in polyethylene passive sampling devices - Carey E. Donald; Marc R. Elie; Brian W. Smith; Peter D. Hoffman; Kim A. Anderson (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Temporal clustering of tropical cyclones on the Great Barrier Reef and its ecological importance - Nicholas H. Wolff; Aaron Wong; Renato Vitolo; Kristin Stolberg; Kenneth R. N. Anthony; Peter J. Mumby (Coral Reefs, 2016)

Can we trust climate models to realistically represent severe European windstorms? - Tomasz M. Trzeciak; Peter Knippertz; Jennifer S. R. Pirret; Keith D. Williams (Climate Dynamics, 2016)

Multimodal connectivity mapping of the human left anterior and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex - Andrew T. Reid; Danilo Bzdok; Robert Langner; Peter T. Fox; Angela R. Laird; Katrin Amunts; Simon B. Eickhoff; Claudia R. Eickhoff (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

No divergent evolution, despite restricted connectivity, between Atlantic and Indian Ocean goby populations - Eduard Drost; Tirupathi Rao Golla; Sophie von der Heyden; Peter R. Teske (Marine Biodiversity, 2016)

Ecological effects of increasing time since invasion by the exotic African olive (Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata) on leaf-litter invertebrate assemblages - Kien Q. Nguyen; Peter Cuneo; Saul A. Cunningham; Dan W. Krix; Andrea Leigh; Brad R. Murray (Biological Invasions, 2016)

The Network of Knowledge approach: improving the science and society dialogue on biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe - Carsten Nesshöver; Marie Vandewalle; Heidi Wittmer; Estelle V. Balian; Esther Carmen; Ilse R. Geijzendorffer; Christoph Görg; Rob Jongman; Barbara Livoreil; Luis Santamaria; Stefan Schindler; Josef Settele; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016)

A survey of the aeromycota of Sydney and its correspondence with environmental conditions: grass as a component of urban forestry could be a major determinant - Peter J. Irga; Fraser R. Torpy (Aerobiologia, 2016)

Testing the generality of above‐ground biomass allometry across plant functional types at the continent scale - Keryn I. Paul; Stephen H. Roxburgh; Jerome Chave; Jacqueline R. England; Ayalsew Zerihun; Alison Specht; Tom Lewis; Lauren T. Bennett; Thomas G. Baker; Mark A. Adams; Dan Huxtable; Kelvin D. Montagu; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Accurate ground‐based estimation of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems is critical to quantifying the global carbon budget. Allometric models provide cost‐effective methods for biomass prediction. But do such models vary with ecoregion or plant functional type? We compiled 15 054 measurements of individual tree or shrub biomass from across Australia to examine the generality of allometric models for above‐ground biomass prediction. This provided a robust case study because Australia includes ecoregions ranging from arid shrublands to tropical rainforests, and has a rich history of biomass research, particularly in planted forests. Regardless of ecoregion, for five broad categories of plant functional type (shrubs; multistemmed trees; trees of the genus Eucalyptus and closely related genera; other trees of high wood density; and other trees of low wood density), relationships between biomass and stem diameter were generic. Simple power‐law models explained 84–95% of the variation in biomass, with little improvement in model performance when other plant variables (height, bole wood density), or site characteristics (climate, age, management) were included. Predictions of stand‐based biomass from allometric models of varying levels of generalization (species‐specific, plant functional type) were validated using whole‐plot harvest data from 17 contrasting stands (range: 9–356 Mg ha −1 ). Losses in efficiency of prediction were stand ‐level biomass prediction was 99%, with a mean absolute prediction error of only 13%. Hence, for cost‐effective prediction of biomass across a wide range of stands, we recommend use of generic allometric models based on plant functional types. Development of new species‐specific models is only warranted when gains in accuracy of stand‐based predictions are relatively high (e.g. high‐value monocultures).

Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions - Gisela Lüscher; Youssef Ammari; Aljona Andriets; Siyka Angelova; Michaela Arndorfer; Debra Bailey; Katalin Balázs; Marion Bogers; Robert G. H. Bunce; Jean‐Philippe Choisis; Peter Dennis; Mario Díaz; et al. (Ecology, 2016)
Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low‐input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management‐related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6–20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non‐organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face‐to‐face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive management on biodiversity. Communities of the four taxonomic groups strongly differed in their response to habitat characteristics, agricultural management, and regional circumstances. The data has potential for further insights into interactions of farmland biodiversity and agricultural management at site, farm, and regional scale.

Importance of lethal control of invasive predators for island conservation - James C. Russell; Holly P. Jones; Doug P. Armstrong; Franck Courchamp; Peter J. Kappes; Philip J. Seddon; Steffen Oppel; Mark J. Rauzon; Phil E. Cowan; Gérard Rocamora; Piero Genovesi; Elsa Bonnaud; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2016)

Assessing Future Flood Hazards for Adaptation Planning in a Northern European Coastal Community - Carlo Sorensen; Niels H. Broge; Mads R. Molgaard; Charlotte S. Schow; Peter Thomsen; Karsten Vognsen; Per Knudsen (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Gut Wall Metabolism. Application of Pre-Clinical Models for the Prediction of Human Drug Absorption and First-Pass Elimination - Christopher R. Jones; Oliver J. D. Hatley; Anna-Lena Ungell; Constanze Hilgendorf; Sheila Annie Peters; Amin Rostami-Hodjegan (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Stress and neuroinflammation: a systematic review of the effects of stress on microglia and the implications for mental illness - Marilia A. Calcia; David R. Bonsall; Peter S. Bloomfield; Sudhakar Selvaraj; Tatiana Barichello; Oliver D. Howes (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Surface-based GPR underestimates below-stump root biomass - John R. Butnor; Lisa J. Samuelson; Thomas A. Stokes; Kurt H. Johnsen; Peter H. Anderson; Carlos A. González-Benecke (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins - Przemyslaw Szafranski; Tomasz Gambin; Avinash V. Dharmadhikari; Kadir Caner Akdemir; Shalini N. Jhangiani; Jennifer Schuette; Nihal Godiwala; Svetlana A. Yatsenko; Jessica Sebastian; Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal; Urvashi Surti; Rosanna G. Abellar; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Models with only two predictor variables can accurately predict seed yield in diploid and tetraploid red clover - Tim Vleugels; Bob Ceuppens; Gerda Cnops; Peter Lootens; Frederik R. D. van Parijs; Guy Smagghe; Isabel Roldán-Ruiz (Euphytica, 2016)

EPMA-World Congress 2015 - Jella-Andrea Abraham; Olga Golubnitschaja; Ildar Akhmetov; Russell J. Andrews; Leonidas Quintana; Russell J. Andrews; Babak Baban; Jun Yao Liu; Xu Qin; Tailing Wang; Mahmood S. Mozaffari; Viktoriia V. Bati; et al. (EPMA Journal, 2016)

Modeling the effective connectivity of the visual network in healthy and photosensitive, epileptic baboons - C. Ákos Szabó; Felipe S. Salinas; Karl Li; Crystal Franklin; M. Michelle Leland; Peter T. Fox; Angela R. Laird; Shalini Narayana (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Comparing Postural Stability Entropy Analyses to Differentiate Fallers and Non-fallers - Peter C. Fino; Ahmad R. Mojdehi; Khaled Adjerid; Mohammad Habibi; Thurmon E. Lockhart; Shane D. Ross (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Environmental controls on the distribution of salt‐marsh foraminifera from the southern coastline of South Africa - Kate L. Strachan; Jemma M. Finch; Trevor R. Hill; Robert L. Barnett; Craig D. Morris; Peter Frenzel (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Salt‐marsh foraminifera are widely used as robust sea‐level indicators. High‐resolution Holocene sea‐level reconstructions depend on the accurate characterization of modern foraminifera‐environment relationships representative of a study site. We investigate the relationship between modern foraminiferal assemblage distribution and key environmental variables, viz . elevation above land levelling datum ( LLD ), sediment grain size, organic content, pH and salinity. We hypothesize that the distribution of modern salt‐marsh foraminifera is primarily controlled by elevation above LLD . Location Knysna and Keiskamma estuaries along the southern coastline of South Africa. Methods Salt‐marsh surface sediment samples ( n = 97) were collected along eight intertidal transects with corresponding environmental data ( pH , salinity, organic content, sand, silt, clay and elevation). Multivariate ordination analysis (partial redundancy analysis; pRDA ) was used to investigate the relationship between living foraminiferal assemblages and environmental controls, after accounting for spatial variability in community composition. Results The pRDA suggests that species composition varied spatially within estuaries, but was strongly influenced by elevation at Keiskamma ( r = 0.63) and Knysna ( r = −0.75). At Keiskamma, the main gradient in composition was also influenced by salinity ( r = −0.63), in an equal and opposite manner to elevation. Composition at Keiskamma was influenced to a much lesser extent by sediment organic content ( r = 0.20) and the clay fraction ( r = −0.13). At Knysna, pH ( r = 0.455) was a secondary determinant of composition, and sediment characteristics covaried with elevation. Main conclusion Elevation was found to be a key environmental variable controlling the distribution of salt‐marsh foraminifera at both estuaries, thereby validating the use of foraminifera as sea‐level indicators. Certain species were particularly sensitive to elevation changes and could thus serve as useful indicators of past sea‐level change. This is an important first step towards the development of high‐resolution sea‐level reconstructions for the South African coastline.

Winter habitat quality but not long‐distance dispersal influences apparent reproductive success in a migratory bird - Clark S. Rushing; Peter P. Marra; Michele R. Dudash (Ecology, 2016)
Long‐distance breeding and natal dispersal play central roles in many ecological and evolutionary processes, including gene flow, population dynamics, range expansion, and individual responses to fluctuating biotic and abiotic conditions. However, the relative contribution of long‐distance dispersal to these processes depends on the ability of dispersing individuals to successfully reproduce in their new environment. Unfortunately, due to the difficulties associated with tracking dispersal in the field, relatively little is known about its reproductive consequences. Furthermore, because reproductive success is influenced by a variety of processes, disentangling the influence of each of these processes is critical to understanding the direct consequences of dispersal. In this study, we used stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes to estimate long‐distance dispersal and winter territory quality in a migratory bird, the American Redstart ( Setophaga ruticilla ). We then applied Aster life‐history models to quantify the strength of influence of these factors on apparent reproductive success. We found no evidence that male or female reproductive success was lower for long‐distance dispersers relative to non‐dispersing individuals. In contrast, carry‐over effects from the winter season did influence male, but not female, reproductive success. Use of Aster models further revealed that for adult males, winter territory quality influenced the number of offspring produced whereas for yearling males, high‐quality winter territories were associated with higher mating and nesting success. These results suggest that although long‐distance natal and breeding dispersal carry no immediate reproductive cost for American Redstarts, reproductive success in this species may ultimately be limited by the quality of winter habitat.

Introgression of genes from bread wheat enhances the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat - Chang Han; Peng Zhang; Peter R. Ryan; Tina M. Rathjen; ZeHong Yan; Emmanuel Delhaize (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016)

Struvite: a slow-release fertiliser for sustainable phosphorus management? - Peter J. Talboys; James Heppell; Tiina Roose; John R. Healey; Davey L. Jones; Paul J. A Withers (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Zirconolite, zircon and monazite-(Ce) U-Th-Pb age constraints on the emplacement, deformation and alteration history of the Cummins Range Carbonatite Complex, Halls Creek Orogen, Kimberley region, Western Australia - Peter J. Downes; Daniel J. Dunkley; Ian R. Fletcher; Neal J. McNaughton; Birger Rasmussen; A. Lynton Jaques; Michael Verrall; Marcus T. Sweetapple (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016)

Development of a cell line from the American eel brain expressing endothelial cell properties - Sophia R. Bloch; Nguyen T. K. Vo; Sarah K. Walsh; Cici Chen; Lucy E. J. Lee; Peter V. Hodson; Niels C. Bols (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2016)

Methods and strategies for assessing uncontrolled drug–drug interactions in population pharmacokinetic analyses: results from the International Society of Pharmacometrics (ISOP) Working Group - Peter L. Bonate; Malidi Ahamadi; Nageshwar Budha; Amparo de la Peña; Justin C. Earp; Ying Hong; Mats O. Karlsson; Patanjali Ravva; Ana Ruiz-Garcia; Herbert Struemper; Janet R. Wade (Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2016)

Exome sequencing identifies potential novel candidate genes in patients with unexplained colorectal adenomatous polyposis - Isabel Spier; Martin Kerick; Dmitriy Drichel; Sukanya Horpaopan; Janine Altmüller; Andreas Laner; Stefanie Holzapfel; Sophia Peters; Ronja Adam; Bixiao Zhao; Tim Becker; Richard P. Lifton; et al. (Familial Cancer, 2016)

Effect of temperature on the permeability of lava dome rocks from the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens - H. Elizabeth Gaunt; Peter R. Sammonds; Philip G. Meredith; Amy Chadderton (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2016)

Development and characterization of a synthetic infectious cDNA clone of the virulent Bucyrus strain of equine arteritis virus expressing mCherry (red fluorescent protein) - Shankar P. Mondal; R. Frank Cook; R. Lakshman Chelvarajan; Pamela J. Henney; Peter J. Timoney; Udeni B. R. Balasuriya (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Status of the world's baleen whales - Peter O. Thomas; Randall R. Reeves; Robert L. Brownell (Marine Mammal Science, 2016)
No global synthesis of the status of baleen whales has been published since the 2008 IUCN Red List assessments. Many populations remain at low numbers from historical commercial whaling, which had ceased for all but a few by 1989. Fishing gear entanglement and ship strikes are the most severe current threats. The acute and long‐term effects of anthropogenic noise and the cumulative effects of multiple stressors are of concern but poorly understood. The looming consequences of climate change and ocean acidification remain difficult to characterize. North Atlantic and North Pacific right whales are among the species listed as Endangered. Southern right, bowhead, and gray whales have been assessed as Least Concern but some subpopulations of these species ‐ western North Pacific gray whales, Chile‐Peru right whales, and Svalbard/Barents Sea and Sea of Okhotsk bowhead whales ‐ remain at low levels and are either Endangered or Critically Endangered. Eastern North Pacific blue whales have reportedly recovered, but Antarctic blue whales remain at about 1% of pre‐exploitation levels. Small isolated subspecies or subpopulations, such as northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Arabian Sea humpback whales, and Mediterranean Sea fin whales are threatened while most subpopulations of sei, Bryde's, and Omura's whales are inadequately monitored and difficult to assess.

Impacts of forestry planting on primary production in upland lakes from north‐west Ireland - Mark A. Stevenson; Suzanne McGowan; N. John Anderson; Robert H. Foy; Peter R. Leavitt; Yvonne R. McElarney; Daniel R. Engstrom; Sergi Pla‐Rabés (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Planted forests are increasing in many upland regions worldwide, but knowledge about their potential effects on algal communities of catchment lakes is relatively unknown. Here, the effects of afforestation were investigated using palaeolimnology at six upland lake sites in the north‐west of Ireland subject to different extents of forest plantation cover (4–64% of catchment area). 210 Pb‐dated sediment cores were analysed for carotenoid pigments from algae, stable isotopes of bulk carbon ( δ 13 C) and nitrogen ( δ 15 N), and C/N ratios. In lakes with >50% of their catchment area covered by plantations, there were two‐ to sixfold increases in pigments from cryptophytes (alloxanthin) and significant but lower increases (39–116%) in those from colonial cyanobacteria (canthaxanthin), but no response from biomarkers of total algal abundance ( β ‐carotene). In contrast, lakes in catchments with

Commercial Evaluation of Seasonal Distribution of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Potato - Libby R. Rens; Lincoln Zotarelli; Daniel J. Cantliffe; Peter J. Stoffella; Douglas Gergela; Dana Burhans (Potato Research, 2016)

Differential distribution of octocorals and scleractinians around St. John and St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands - Peter J. Edmunds; Georgios Tsounis; Howard R. Lasker (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Football training in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: activity profile and short-term skeletal and postural balance adaptations - Jacob Uth; Therese Hornstrup; Jesper F. Christensen; Karl B. Christensen; Niklas R. Jørgensen; Eva W. Helge; Jakob F. Schmidt; Klaus Brasso; Jørn W. Helge; Markus D. Jakobsen; Lars L. Andersen; Mikael Rørth; et al. (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Hydrologic Simulation for Water Balance Improvement in an Outcrop Area of the Guarani Aquifer System - Aline R. Machado; Edson Wendland; Peter Krause (Environmental Processes, 2016)

Decline in condition of gorgonian octocorals on mesophotic reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico: before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill - Peter J. Etnoyer; Leslie N. Wickes; Mauricio Silva; J. D. Dubick; Len Balthis; Enrique Salgado; Ian R. MacDonald (Coral Reefs, 2016)

Tectonic subsidence provides insight into possible coral reef futures under rapid sea-level rise - Megan I. Saunders; Simon Albert; Chris M. Roelfsema; Javier X. Leon; Colin D. Woodroffe; Stuart R. Phinn; Peter J. Mumby (Coral Reefs, 2016)

Two Defensive Lines in Juvenile Leaf Beetles; Esters of 3-nitropropionic Acid in the Hemolymph and Aposematic Warning - Gerhard Pauls; Tobias Becker; Peter Rahfeld; Rene R. Gretscher; Christian Paetz; Jacques Pasteels; Stephan H. von Reuss; Antje Burse; Wilhelm Boland (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016)

Erratum to: Microsatellite records for volume 7, issue 4 - Rose Komugisha Basiita; J. Henrich Bruggemann; Nianhui Cai; Conchi Cáliz-Campal; Chen Chen; Jiawei Chen; L. Cizek; Pedro J. Cordero; Deborah A. Dawson; Yandong Ding; L. Drag; Anan Duan; et al. (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2016)

Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae - Jens H. Kuhn; Michael Lauck; Adam L. Bailey; Alexey M. Shchetinin; Tatyana V. Vishnevskaya; Yīmíng Bào; Terry Fei Fan Ng; Matthew LeBreton; Bradley S. Schneider; Amethyst Gillis; Ubald Tamoufe; Joseph Le Doux Diffo; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Novel biodiversity baselines outpace models of fish distribution in Arctic waters - Jørgen S. Christiansen; Erik Bonsdorff; Ingvar Byrkjedal; Svein-Erik Fevolden; Oleg V. Karamushko; Arve Lynghammar; Catherine W. Mecklenburg; Peter D. R. Møller; Julius Nielsen; Marie C. Nordström; Kim Præbel; Rupert M. Wienerroither (The Science of Nature, 2016)

Modeling of Shales in Salt-Hydrocarbon Systems - Maria A. Nikolinakou; Peter B. Flemings; Michael R. Hudec (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016)

The effects of pharmacological modulation of the serotonin 2C receptor on goal-directed behavior in mice - Matthew R. Bailey; Cait Williamson; Chris Mezias; Vanessa Winiger; Rae Silver; Peter D. Balsam; Eleanor H. Simpson (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Influence of bariatric surgery on the use of medication - Jan Peter Yska; Douwe H. van der Meer; Albert R. Dreijer; Willeke Eilander; Jan A. Apers; Marloes Emous; Erik R. E. Totté; Bob Wilffert; Eric N. van Roon (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2016)

Rice husk biochar and crop residue amendment in subtropical cropping soils: effect on biomass production, nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions - Dai H. Nguyen; Clemens Scheer; David W. Rowlings; Peter R. Grace (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2016)

Evaluation of cystatin C as an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity in the rat - Walter C. Prozialeck; Aaron VanDreel; Christopher D. Ackerman; Ian Stock; Alexander Papaeliou; Christian Yasmine; Kristen Wilson; Peter C. Lamar; Victoria L. Sears; Joshua Z. Gasiorowski; Karyn M. DiNovo; Vishal S. Vaidya; et al. (BioMetals, 2016)

Identification and re-addressing of a transcriptionally permissive locus in the porcine genome - Wiebke Garrels; Ayan Mukherjee; Stephanie Holler; Nicole Cleve; Thirumala R. Talluri; Brigitte Barg-Kues; Mike Diederich; Peter Köhler; Björn Petersen; Andrea Lucas-Hahn; Heiner Niemann; Zsuzsanna Izsvák; et al. (Transgenic Research, 2016)

Meta-studies in land use science: Current coverage and prospects - Jasper van Vliet; Nicholas R. Magliocca; Bianka Büchner; Elizabeth Cook; José M. Rey Benayas; Erle C. Ellis; Andreas Heinimann; Eric Keys; Tien Ming Lee; Jianguo Liu; Ole Mertz; Patrick Meyfroidt; et al. (Ambio, 2016)

Next‐generation monitoring of aquatic biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding - Alice Valentini; Pierre Taberlet; Claude Miaud; Raphaël Civade; Jelger Herder; Philip Francis Thomsen; Eva Bellemain; Aurélien Besnard; Eric Coissac; Frédéric Boyer; Coline Gaboriaud; Pauline Jean; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Global biodiversity in freshwater and the oceans is declining at high rates. Reliable tools for assessing and monitoring aquatic biodiversity, especially for rare and secretive species, are important for efficient and timely management. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have provided a new tool for species detection from DNA present in the environment. In this study, we tested whether an environmental DNA ( eDNA ) metabarcoding approach, using water samples, can be used for addressing significant questions in ecology and conservation. Two key aquatic vertebrate groups were targeted: amphibians and bony fish. The reliability of this method was cautiously validated in silico, in vitro and in situ. When compared with traditional surveys or historical data, eDNA metabarcoding showed a much better detection probability overall. For amphibians, the detection probability with eDNA metabarcoding was 0.97 ( CI = 0.90–0.99) vs. 0.58 ( CI = 0.50–0.63) for traditional surveys. For fish, in 89% of the studied sites, the number of taxa detected using the eDNA metabarcoding approach was higher or identical to the number detected using traditional methods. We argue that the proposed DNA ‐based approach has the potential to become the next‐generation tool for ecological studies and standardized biodiversity monitoring in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems.

Palaeoendemic plants provide evidence for persistence of open, well‐watered vegetation since the C retaceous - Gregory J. Jordan; Peter A. Harrison; James R. P. Worth; Grant J. Williamson; James B. Kirkpatrick (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2016)
Aim Palaeoendemics are clades that are ancient but geographically restricted, often because they have been selected against in other areas. Ecological similarities among palaeoendemics may be indicators of ancient environments. We determine the environmental ranges of the remarkable palaeoendemic plants of T asmania to deduce whether they indicate the long‐term persistence of particular environmental conditions. Location Tasmania, A ustralia, a global centre of plant palaeoendemism, containing some of the world's most relictual plant lineages. Methods Palaeoendemic clades in T asmania were identified using a scoring system of clade age divided by the square root of the number of 10 km × 10 km grid cells occupied globally. Total palaeoendemism scores for 1199 30″ grid cells were calculated by summing scores for individual clades, and modelled against climate, topography, geology and vegetation type using Random Forest models. Palaeoendemic and non‐palaeoendemic species richness in climate space was measured. The global distribution of climates favoured by palaeoendemics was assessed. Results Twenty‐nine phylogenetically and ecologically diverse palaeoendemic clades (51 species) were identified. High levels of palaeoendemism occurred widely in western T asmania, but the highest scoring areas were at or slightly above the tree line in relatively undisturbed vegetation. Palaeoendemism scores were strongly predicted by constantly moist climates lacking extreme temperatures, and by open vegetation types with rare or no fire. The palaeoendemics occupied a climate space that is globally rare and very different from that of non‐palaeoendemics. Main conclusions These patterns suggest the persistence since the C retaceous of open vegetation in constantly moist areas with equable temperatures and few or no fires. This conclusion is consistent with an increasing body of fossil and phylogenetic evidence for the antiquity of open vegetation. The methods here produce quantitative values of palaeoendemism that can be compared among regions.

A dynamic leaf gas‐exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO 2 : evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO 2 enrichment studies - Steven L. Voelker; J. Renée Brooks; Frederick C. Meinzer; Rebecca Anderson; Martin K.‐F. Bader; Giovanna Battipaglia; Katie M. Becklin; David Beerling; Didier Bert; Julio L. Betancourt; Todd E. Dawson; Jean‐Christophe Domec; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Rising atmospheric [CO 2 ], c a , is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO 2 ], c i , a constant drawdown in CO 2 ( c a − c i ), and a constant c i / c a . These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas‐exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas‐exchange responses to varying c a . The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas‐exchange responses to c a . To assess leaf gas‐exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in c i inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C) or photosynthetic discrimination (∆) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of c a spanning at least 100 ppm. Our results suggest that much of the c a ‐induced changes in c i / c a occurred across c a spanning 200 to 400 ppm. These patterns imply that c a − c i will eventually approach a constant level at high c a because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant c i . Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low c a , when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water‐conservative at high c a , when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain.

Identifying consumer–resource population dynamics using paleoecological data - Árni Einarsson; Ulf Hauptfleisch; Peter R. Leavitt; Anthony R. Ives (Ecology, 2016)
Ecologists have long been fascinated by cyclic population fluctuations, because they suggest strong interactions between exploiter and victim species. Nonetheless, even for populations showing high‐amplitude fluctuations, it is often hard to identify which species are the key drivers of the dynamics, because data are generally only available for a single species. Here, we use a paleoecological approach to investigate fluctuations in the midge population in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, which ranges over several orders of magnitude in irregular, multigeneration cycles. Previous circumstantial evidence points to consumer–resource interactions between midges and their primary food, diatoms, as the cause of these high‐amplitude fluctuations. Using a pair of sediment cores from the lake, we reconstructed 26 years of dynamics of midges using egg remains and of algal groups using diagnostic pigments. We analyzed these data using statistical methods that account for both the autocorrelated nature of paleoecological data and measurement error caused by the mixing of sediment layers. The analyses revealed a signature of consumer–resource interactions in the fluctuations of midges and diatoms: diatom abundance (as inferred from biomarker pigment diatoxanthin) increased when midge abundance was low, and midge abundance (inferred from egg capsules) decreased when diatom abundance was low. Similar patterns were not found for pigments characterizing the other dominant primary producer group in the lake (cyanobacteria), subdominant algae (cryptophytes), or ubiquitous but chemically unstable biomarkers of total algal abundance (chlorophyll a ); however, a significant but weaker pattern was found for the chemically stable indicator of total algal populations (β‐carotene) to which diatoms are the dominant contributor. These analyses provide the first paleoecological evaluation of specific trophic interactions underlying high amplitude population fluctuations in lakes.

Constraints of philanthropy on determining the distribution of biodiversity conservation funding - Eric R. Larson; Stephen Howell; Peter Kareiva; Paul R. Armsworth (Conservation Biology, 2016)
Caught between ongoing habitat destruction and funding shortfalls, conservation organizations are using systematic planning approaches to identify places that offer the highest biodiversity return per dollar invested. However, available tools do not account for the landscape of funding for conservation or quantify the constraints this landscape imposes on conservation outcomes. Using state‐level data on philanthropic giving to and investments in land conservation by a large nonprofit organization, we applied linear regression to evaluate whether the spatial distribution of conservation philanthropy better explained expenditures on conservation than maps of biodiversity priorities, which were derived from a planning process internal to the organization and return on investment (ROI) analyses based on data on species richness, land costs, and existing protected areas. Philanthropic fund raising accounted for considerably more spatial variation in conservation spending (r 2 = 0.64) than either of the 2 systematic conservation planning approaches (r 2 = 0.08–0.21). We used results of one of the ROI analyses to evaluate whether increases in flexibility to reallocate funding across space provides conservation gains. Small but plausible “tax” increments of 1–10% on states redistributed to the optimal funding allocation from the ROI analysis could result in gains in endemic species protected of 8.5–80.2%. When such increases in spatial flexibility are not possible, conservation organizations should seek to cultivate increased support for conservation in priority locations. We used lagged correlations of giving to and spending by the organization to evaluate whether investments in habitat protection stimulate future giving to conservation. The most common outcome at the state level was that conservation spending quarters correlated significantly and positively with lagged fund raising quarters. In effect, periods of high fund raising for biodiversity followed (rather than preceded) periods of high expenditure on land conservation projects, identifying one mechanism conservation organizations could explore to seed greater activity in priority locations. Our results demonstrate how limitations on the ability of conservation organizations to reallocate their funding across space can impede organizational effectiveness and elucidate ways conservation planning tools could be more useful if they quantified and incorporated these constraints .

Complementary resistance genes in wheat selection ‘Avocet R’ confer resistance to stripe rust - Peter M. Dracatos; Peng Zhang; Robert F. Park; Robert A. McIntosh; Colin R. Wellings (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016)

An Explosion Aftershock Model with Application to On-Site Inspection - Sean R. Ford; Peter Labak (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2016)

Burrowing seabird effects on invertebrate communities in soil and litter are dominated by ecosystem engineering rather than nutrient addition - Kate H. Orwin; David A. Wardle; David R. Towns; Mark G. St. John; Peter J. Bellingham; Chris Jones; Brian M. Fitzgerald; Richard G. Parrish; Phil O’B. Lyver (Oecologia, 2016)

Genotype/allelic combinations as potential predictors of myocardial infarction - Timur R. Nasibullin; Yanina R. Timasheva; Regina I. Sadikova; Ilsiyar A. Tuktarova; Vera V. Erdman; Irina E. Nikolaeva; Jan Sabo; Peter Kruzliak; Olga E. Mustafina (Molecular Biology Reports, 2016)

Erratum to: A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms - Daniel L. Roelke; Aaron Barkoh; Bryan W. Brooks; James P. Grover; K. David Hambright; John W. LaClaire; Peter D. R. Moeller; Reynaldo Patino (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Effect of temporal stimulus properties on the nociceptive detection probability using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation - Robert J. Doll; Annefloor C. A. Maten; Sjoerd P. G. Spaan; Peter H. Veltink; Jan R. Buitenweg (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

On the Modulation of Brain Activation During Simulated Weight Bearing in Supine Gait-Like Stepping - Lukas Jaeger; Laura Marchal-Crespo; Peter Wolf; Andreas R. Luft; Robert Riener; Lars Michels; Spyros Kollias (Brain Topography, 2016)

Where language meets meaningful action: a combined behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia - Peter H. Weiss; Simon D. Ubben; Stephanie Kaesberg; Elke Kalbe; Josef Kessler; Thomas Liebig; Gereon R. Fink (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus, a new species of eagle ray (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from northern Australia and New Guinea - William T. White; Peter R. Last; Leontine Baje (Ichthyological Research, 2016)

Impact of the invasive rust Puccinia psidii (myrtle rust) on native Myrtaceae in natural ecosystems in Australia - Angus J. Carnegie; Amrit Kathuria; Geoff S. Pegg; Peter Entwistle; Matthew Nagel; Fiona R. Giblin (Biological Invasions, 2016)

Asynchronous onset of eutrophication among shallow prairie lakes of the Northern Great Plains, Alberta, Canada - Heather Maheaux; Peter R. Leavitt; Leland J. Jackson (Global Change Biology, 2016)
Coherent timing of agricultural expansion, fertilizer application, atmospheric nutrient deposition, and accelerated global warming is expected to promote synchronous fertilization of regional surface waters and coherent development of algal blooms and lake eutrophication. While broad‐scale cyanobacterial expansion is evident in global meta‐analyses, little is known of whether lakes in discrete catchments within a common lake district also exhibit coherent water quality degradation through anthropogenic forcing. Consequently, the primary goal of this study was to determine whether agricultural development since ca. 1900, accelerated use of fertilizer since 1960, atmospheric deposition of reactive N, or regional climate warming has resulted in coherent patterns of eutrophication of surface waters in southern Alberta, Canada. Unexpectedly, analysis of sedimentary pigments as an index of changes in total algal abundance since ca. 1850 revealed that while total algal abundance (as β ‐carotene, pheophytin a ) increased in nine of 10 lakes over 150 years, the onset of eutrophication varied by a century and was asynchronous across basins. Similarly, analysis of temporal sequences with least‐squares regression revealed that the relative abundance of cyanobacteria (echinenone) either decreased or did not change significantly in eight of the lakes since ca. 1850, whereas purple sulfur bacteria (as okenone) increased significantly in seven study sites. These patterns are consistent with the catchment filter hypothesis, which posits that lakes exhibit unique responses to common forcing associated with the influx of mass as water, nutrients, or particles.

Properties of ATP-gated ion channels assembled from P2X2 subunits in mouse cochlear Reissner’s membrane epithelial cells - Rachel T. Morton-Jones; Srdjan M. Vlajkovic; Peter R. Thorne; Debra A. Cockayne; Allen F. Ryan; Gary D. Housley (Purinergic Signalling, 2015)

Diving deeper into individual foraging specializations of a large marine predator, the southern sea lion - A. M. M. Baylis; R. A. Orben; J. P. Y. Arnould; K. Peters; T. Knox; D. P. Costa; I. J. Staniland (Oecologia, 2015)

Enriching the Toxicology Experience through Twitter - Peter R. Chai (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015)

Utilizing an Ingestible Biosensor to Assess Real-Time Medication Adherence - Peter R. Chai; Jose Castillo-Mancilla; Eric Buffkin; Chad Darling; Rochelle K. Rosen; Keith J. Horvath; Edwin D. Boudreaux; Gregory K. Robbins; Patricia L. Hibberd; Edward W. Boyer (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2015)

Groundwater cooling of a supercomputer in Perth, Western Australia: hydrogeological simulations and thermal sustainability - Heather A. Sheldon; Peter M. Schaubs; Praveen K. Rachakonda; Michael G. Trefry; Lynn B. Reid; Daniel R. Lester; Guy Metcalfe; Thomas Poulet; Klaus Regenauer-Lieb (Hydrogeology Journal, 2015)

The Genotype and Phenotype (GaP) registry: a living biobank for the analysis of quantitative traits - Peter K. Gregersen; Gila Klein; Mary Keogh; Marlena Kern; Margaret DeFranco; Kim R. Simpfendorfer; Sun Jung Kim; Betty Diamond (Immunologic Research, 2015)

Acute dietary carbohydrate manipulation and the subsequent inflammatory and hepcidin responses to exercise - Claire E. Badenhorst; Brian Dawson; Gregory R. Cox; Coby M. Laarakkers; Dorine W. Swinkels; Peter Peeling (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Effects of soccer vs swim training on bone formation in sedentary middle-aged women - Magni Mohr; Eva W. Helge; Liljan F. Petersen; Annika Lindenskov; Pál Weihe; Jann Mortensen; Niklas R. Jørgensen; Peter Krustrup (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Assessment of public perception and environmental compliance at a pulp and paper facility: a Canadian case study - Emma Hoffman; Meagan Bernier; Brenden Blotnicky; Peter G. Golden; Jeffrey Janes; Allison Kader; Rachel Kovacs-Da Costa; Shauna Pettipas; Sarah Vermeulen; Tony R. Walker (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015)

Antioxidant enzymes activities of Burkholderia spp. strains—oxidative responses to Ni toxicity - M. N. Dourado; M. R. Franco; L. P. Peters; P. F. Martins; L. A. Souza; F. A. Piotto; R. A. Azevedo (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015)

The magma plumbing system for the 1971 Teneguía eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands - Abigail K. Barker; Valentin R. Troll; Juan Carlos Carracedo; Peter A. Nicholls (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2015)

Long-term variation of octocoral populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands - Elizabeth A. Lenz; Lorenzo Bramanti; Howard R. Lasker; Peter J. Edmunds (Coral Reefs, 2015)

Motile fauna of sub-tidal Zostera marina meadows in England and Wales - J. R. Peters; R. M. McCloskey; S. L. Hinder; R. K. F. Unsworth (Marine Biodiversity, 2015)

Fuel consumption of global fishing fleets: current understanding and knowledge gaps - Robert W R Parker; Peter H Tyedmers (Fish and Fisheries, 2015)
Compared to a century ago, the world's fishing fleets are larger and more powerful, are travelling further and are producing higher quality products. These developments come largely at a cost of high‐fossil fuel energy inputs. Rising energy prices, climate change and consumer demand for ‘green’ products have placed energy use and emissions among the sustainability criteria of food production systems. We have compiled all available published and unpublished fuel use data for fisheries targeting all species, employing all gears and fishing in all regions of the world into a Fisheries and Energy Use Database ( FEUD ). Here, we present results of our analysis of the relative energy performance of fisheries since 1990 and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on fuel inputs to diverse fishing fleets. The median fuel use intensity of global fishery records since 1990 is 639 litres per tonne. Fuel inputs to fisheries vary by several orders of magnitude, with small pelagic fisheries ranking among the world's most efficient forms of animal protein production and crustaceans ranking among the least efficient. Trends in Europe and Australia since the beginning of the 21st century suggest fuel use efficiency is improving, although this has been countered by a more rapid increase in oil prices. Management decisions, technological improvements and behavioural changes can further reduce fuel consumption in the short term, although the most effective improvement to fisheries energy performance will come as a result of rebuilding stocks where they are depressed and reducing over‐capacity.

Distribution of the stable isotopes 57Fe and 68Zn in grain tissues of various wheat lines differing in their phytate content - Yan-Fang Xue; Hai-Yong Xia; Steve P. McGrath; Peter R. Shewry; Fang-Jie Zhao (Plant and Soil, 2015)

A genome-wide association study for colorectal cancer identifies a risk locus in 14q23.1 - Mathieu Lemire; Conghui Qu; Lenora W. M. Loo; Syed H. E. Zaidi; Hansong Wang; Sonja I. Berndt; Stéphane Bézieau; Hermann Brenner; Peter T. Campbell; Andrew T. Chan; Jenny Chang-Claude; Mengmeng Du; et al. (Human Genetics, 2015)

Spatio-Temporal Occurrence Patterns of Young Sharks in Tropical Coastal Waters - Peter M. Yates; Michelle R. Heupel; Andrew J. Tobin; Colin A. Simpfendorfer (Estuaries and Coasts, 2015)

Biological reduction of uranium coupled with oxidation of ammonium by Acidimicrobiaceae bacterium A6 under iron reducing conditions - Emily R. Gilson; Shan Huang; Peter R. Jaffé (Biodegradation, 2015)

Cosmogenic dating of Late Pleistocene glaciation, southern tropical Andes, Peru - Jeremy D. Shakun; Peter U. Clark; Shaun A. Marcott; Edward J. Brook; Nathaniel A. Lifton; Marc Caffee; William R. Shakun (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2015)
We present 30 10 Be dates on three moraines formed by small glaciers in the southern tropical Andes of Peru to determine the timing of the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Two terminal moraines indicate that the local LGM ended at 23.5 ± 0.5 and 21.2 ± 0.8 ka, or well before the end of the global LGM (20–19 ka). A recessional moraine perched at the base of a steep valley wall has a 10 Be age of 19.8 ± 0.3 ka, suggesting that glaciers had largely retreated from the area during the earliest stages of the last termination and before the onset of the deglacial CO 2 rise and increase in tropical sea surface temperatures. These ages generally agree with other tropical glacial chronologies and reflect a broad synchroneity between low‐ and high‐latitude deglaciation at the LGM, but the trigger for early deglaciation of the tropics remains unclear.

Effects, but no interactions, of ubiquitous pesticide and parasite stressors on honey bee ( A pis mellifera ) lifespan and behaviour in a colony environment - Gina Retschnig; Geoffrey R. Williams; Richard Odemer; Janina Boltin; Cornelia Di Poto; Marion M. Mehmann; Peter Retschnig; Pius Winiger; Peter Rosenkranz; Peter Neumann (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Interactions between pesticides and parasites are believed to be responsible for increased mortality of honey bee ( A pis mellifera ) colonies in the northern hemisphere. Previous efforts have employed experimental approaches using small groups under laboratory conditions to investigate influence of these stressors on honey bee physiology and behaviour, although both the colony level and field conditions play a key role for eusocial honey bees. Here, we challenged honey bee workers under in vivo colony conditions with sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid, the miticide tau‐fluvalinate and the endoparasite N osema ceranae , to investigate potential effects on longevity and behaviour using observation hives. In contrast to previous laboratory studies, our results do not suggest interactions among stressors, but rather lone effects of pesticides and the parasite on mortality and behaviour, respectively. These effects appear to be weak due to different outcomes at the two study sites, thereby suggesting that the role of thiacloprid, tau‐fluvalinate and N . ceranae and interactions among them may have been overemphasized. In the future, investigations into the effects of honey bee stressors should prioritize the use of colonies maintained under a variety of environmental conditions in order to obtain more biologically relevant data.

Genomic and proteomic characterization of two novel siphovirus infecting the sedentary facultative epibiont cyanobacterium A caryochloris marina - Yi‐Wah Chan; Andrew D. Millard; Peter J. Wheatley; Antony B. Holmes; Remus Mohr; Anna L. Whitworth; Nicholas H. Mann; Anthony W. D. Larkum; Wolfgang R. Hess; David J. Scanlan; Martha R. J. Clokie (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary A caryochloris marina is a symbiotic species of cyanobacteria that is capable of utilizing far‐red light. We report the characterization of the phages A ‐ HIS 1 and A ‐ HIS 2, capable of infecting A caryochloris . Morphological characterization of these phages places them in the family S iphoviridae . However, molecular characterization reveals that they do not show genetic similarity with any known siphoviruses. While the phages do show synteny between each other, the nucleotide identity between the phages is low at 45–67%, suggesting they diverged from each other some time ago. The greatest number of genes shared with another phage (a myovirus infecting marine S ynechococcus ) was four. Unlike most other cyanophages and in common with the S iphoviridae infecting S ynechococcus , no photosynthesis‐related genes were found in the genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) spacers from the host A caryochloris had partial matches to sequences found within the phages, which is the first time CRISPR s have been reported in a cyanobacterial/cyanophage system. The phages also encode a homologue of the proteobacterial RN ase T . The potential function of RN ase T in the mark‐up or digestion of cr RNA hints at a novel mechanism for evading the host CRISPR system.

Long‐term individual foraging site fidelity—why some gannets don't change their spots - Ewan D. Wakefield; Ian R. Cleasby; Stuart Bearhop; Thomas W. Bodey; Rachel D. Davies; Peter I. Miller; Jason Newton; Stephen C. Votier; Keith C. Hamer (Ecology, 2015)
Many established models of animal foraging assume that individuals are ecologically equivalent. However, it is increasingly recognized that populations may comprise individuals who differ consistently in their diets and foraging behaviors. For example, recent studies have shown that individual foraging site fidelity (IFSF, when individuals consistently forage in only a small part of their population's home range) occurs in some colonial breeders. Short‐term IFSF could result from animals using a win–stay, lose–shift foraging strategy. Alternatively, it may be a consequence of individual specialization. Pelagic seabirds are colonial central‐place foragers, classically assumed to use flexible foraging strategies to target widely dispersed, spatiotemporally patchy prey. However, tracking has shown that IFSF occurs in many seabirds, although it is not known whether this persists across years. To test for long‐term IFSF and to examine alternative hypotheses concerning its cause, we repeatedly tracked 55 Northern Gannets ( Morus bassanus ) from a large colony in the North Sea within and across three successive breeding seasons. Gannets foraged in neritic waters, predictably structured by tidal mixing and thermal stratification, but subject to stochastic, wind‐induced overturning. Both within and across years, coarse to mesoscale (tens of kilometers) IFSF was significant but not absolute, and foraging birds departed the colony in individually consistent directions. Carbon stable isotope ratios in gannet blood tissues were repeatable within years and nitrogen ratios were also repeatable across years, suggesting long‐term individual dietary specialization. Individuals were also consistent across years in habitat use with respect to relative sea surface temperature and in some dive metrics, yet none of these factors accounted for IFSF. Moreover, at the scale of weeks, IFSF did not decay over time and the magnitude of IFSF across years was similar to that within years, suggesting that IFSF is not primarily the result of win–stay, lose–shift foraging. Rather, we hypothesize that site familiarity, accrued early in life, causes IFSF by canalizing subsequent foraging decisions. Evidence from this and other studies suggests that IFSF may be common in colonial central‐place foragers, with far‐reaching consequences for our attempts to understand and conserve these animals in a rapidly changing environment.

Evaluation of Biochemical and Nutritional Potential of Seaweeds from Lakshadweep Archipelago - V. Anuradha; K. Byju; Kala Jacob; Anu Gopinath; K. J. Prashob Peter; T. R. Gireesh Kumar; G. Vasundhara; Emilda Rosamine; H. S. Harishankar; N. C. Kumar; S. M. Nair (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2015)

Erratum to: DHEA metabolism to the neurosteroid androsterone: a possible mechanism of DHEA’s antidepressant action - Rivka Ben Dor; Christine E. Marx; Lawrence J. Shampine; David R. Rubinow; Peter J. Schmidt (Psychopharmacology, 2015)

Pseudoislet formation enhances gene expression, insulin secretion and cytoprotective mechanisms of clonal human insulin-secreting 1.1B4 cells - Alastair D. Green; Srividya Vasu; Neville H. McClenaghan; Peter R. Flatt (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2015)

Cardiac gene expression data and in silico analysis provide novel insights into human and mouse taste receptor gene regulation - Simon R. Foster; Enzo R. Porrello; Maurizio Stefani; Nicola J. Smith; Peter Molenaar; Cristobal G. dos Remedios; Walter G. Thomas; Mirana Ramialison (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2015)

Single-crystal structure and Raman spectroscopy of synthetic titanite analog CaAlSiO4F - Hannes Krüger; Daniel M. Többens; Peter Tropper; Udo Haefeker; Volker Kahlenberg; Martin R. Fuchs; Vincent Olieric; Ulrike Troitzsch (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2015)

Timing of post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion: influence on IL-6 and hepcidin responses - Claire E. Badenhorst; Brian Dawson; Gregory R. Cox; Coby M. Laarakkers; Dorine W. Swinkels; Peter Peeling (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015)

Effect of Total Dissolved Solids on Fertilization and Development of Two Salmonid Species - Josh A. Baker; James R. Elphick; Cathy A. McPherson; Peter M. Chapman (Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2015)

Widespread Chemical Detoxification of Alkaloid Venom by Formicine Ants - Edward G. LeBrun; Peter J. Diebold; Matthew R. Orr; Lawrence E. Gilbert (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2015)

No longer naïve? Generalized responses of rabbits to marsupial predators in Australia - Francisco S. Tortosa; Isabel C. Barrio; Alexandra J. R. Carthey; Peter B. Banks (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2015)

Extracellular haem peroxidases mediate M n( II ) oxidation in a marine R oseobacter bacterium via superoxide production - Peter F. Andeer; Deric R. Learman; Matt McIlvin; James A. Dunn; Colleen M. Hansel (Environmental Microbiology, 2015)
Summary Manganese ( M n) oxides are among the strongest sorbents and oxidants in environmental systems. A number of biotic and abiotic pathways induce the oxidation of M n( II ) to M n oxides. Here, we use a combination of proteomic analyses and activity assays, to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for extracellular superoxide‐mediated M n oxide formation by a bacterium within the ubiquitous Roseobacter clade. We show that animal haem peroxidases ( AHPs ) located on the outer membrane and within the secretome are responsible for M n( II ) oxidation. These novel peroxidases have previously been implicated in direct M n( II ) oxidation by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Yet, we show that in this Roseobacter species, AHPs mediate M n( II ) oxidation not through a direct reaction but by producing superoxide and likely also by degrading hydrogen peroxide. These findings point to a eukaryotic‐like oscillatory oxidative‐peroxidative enzymatic cycle by these AHPs that leads to M n oxide formation by this organism. AHP expression appears unaffected by M n( II ), yet the large energetic investment required to produce and secrete these enzymes points to an as yet unknown physiological function. These findings are further evidence that bacterial peroxidases and secreted enzymes, in general, are unappreciated controls on the cycling of metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and by extension carbon, in natural systems.