Effectiveness of Panama as an intercontinental land bridge for large mammals - Ninon F. V. Meyer; Ricardo Moreno; Christopher Sutherland; J. Antonio de la Torre; Helen J. Esser; Christopher A. Jordan; Melva Olmos; Josué Ortega; Rafael Reyna‐Hurtado; Samuel Valdes; Patrick A. Jansen (Conservation Biology, 2020)
Habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. A flagship example is the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC), which aims to connect protected forest areas between Mexico and Panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. Because forests across Central America have continued to degrade, the functioning of the MBC has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence were unavailable. Large mammals are suitable indicators of forest functioning, so we assessed their conservation status across the Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest section of the MBC. We used large‐scale camera‐trap surveys and hierarchical multispecies occupancy models in a Bayesian framework to estimate the occupancy of 9 medium to large mammals and developed an occupancy‐weighted connectivity metric to evaluate species‐specific functional connectivity. White‐lipped peccary ( Tayassu pecari ), jaguar ( Panthera onca ), giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ), white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), and tapir ( Tapirus bairdii ) had low expected occupancy along the MBC in Panama. Puma ( Puma concolor ), red brocket deer ( Mazama temama ), ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ), and collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu ), which are more adaptable, had higher occupancy, even in areas with low forest cover near infrastructure. However, the majority of species were subject to ≥1 gap that was larger than their known dispersal distances, suggesting poor connectivity along the MBC in Panama. Based on our results, forests in Darien, Donoso–Santa Fe, and La Amistad International Park are critical for survival of large terrestrial mammals in Panama and 2 areas need restoration.

Changes in Genome-Wide Methylation and Gene Expression in Response to Future pCO2 Extremes in the Antarctic Pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica - Samuel N. Bogan; Kevin M. Johnson; Gretchen E. Hofmann (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of rosemary essential oil ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against Aspergillus flavus - Natália da Silva Bomfim; Cássia Yumie Kohiyama; Lydiana Pollis Nakasugi; Samuel Botião Nerilo; Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini; Jéssica Cristina Zoratto Romoli; Jane Martha Graton Mikcha; Benício Alves de Abreu Filho; Miguel Machinski Jr (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2020)

The Impact of Mineral Dissolution on Drainage Relative Permeability and Residual Trapping in Two Carbonate Rocks - Ben Niu; Samuel Krevor (Transport in Porous Media, 2020)
Carbon dioxide injection into deep saline aquifers is governed by a number of physico-chemical processes including mineral dissolution and precipitation, multiphase fluid flow, and capillary trapping. These processes can be coupled; however, the impact of fluid–rock reaction on the multiphase flow properties is difficult to study and is not simply correlated with variations in porosity. We observed the impact of rock mineral dissolution on multiphase flow properties in two carbonate rocks with distinct pore structures. Observations of steady-state $$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 –water relative permeability and residual trapping were obtained, along with mercury injection capillary pressure characteristics. These tests alternated with eight stages in which 0.5% of the mineral volume was uniformly dissolved into solution from the rock cores using an aqueous solution with a temperature-controlled acid. Variations in the multiphase flow properties did not relate simply to changes in porosity, but corresponded to the changes in the underlying pore structure. In the Ketton carbonate, dissolution resulted in an increase in the fraction of pore volume made up by the smallest pores and a decrease in the fraction made up by the largest pores. This resulted in an increase in the relative permeability to the nonwetting phase, a decrease in the relative permeability to the wetting phase, and a modest, but systematic decrease in residual trapping. In the Estaillades carbonate, dissolution resulted in an increase in the fraction of pore volume made up by pores in the central range of the initial pore size distribution, and a corresponding decrease in the fraction made up by both the smallest and largest pores. This resulted in a decrease in the relative permeability to both the wetting and nonwetting fluid phases and no discernible impact on the residual trapping. In summary, the impact of rock matrix dissolution will be strongly dependent on the impact of that dissolution on the underlying pore structure of the rock. However, if the variation in pore structure can be observed or estimated with modelling, then it should be possible to estimate the impacts on multiphase flow properties.

Chaotic signature of climate extremes - Ibiyinka Fuwape; Sunday Oluyamo; Babatunde Rabiu; Samuel Ogunjo (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2020)

Risk analysis of health, safety and environment in chemical industry integrating linguistic FMEA, fuzzy inference system and fuzzy DEA - Mustafa Jahangoshai Rezaee; Samuel Yousefi; Milad Eshkevari; Mahsa Valipour; Morteza Saberi (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2020)

Classical conditioning of antidepressant placebo effects in mice - Samuel R. Krimmel; Panos Zanos; Polymnia Georgiou; Luana Colloca; Todd D. Gould (Psychopharmacology, 2020)

Fire, rodent herbivory, and plant competition: implications for invasion and altered fire regimes in the Mojave Desert - Tara B. B. Bishop; Richard A. Gill; Brock R. McMillan; Samuel B. St. Clair (Oecologia, 2020)

Development and Feasibility of a Porcine Model of Amlodipine Toxicity - Sean P. Boley; Rebecca B. Mackenzie; Jenna M. LeRoy; Kristin M. Engebretsen; Samuel J. Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2020)

Weathering the storm or storming the norms? Moving gender equality forward in climate-resilient agriculture - Sophia Huyer; Samuel Partey (Climatic Change, 2020)

Gender and climate risk management: evidence of climate information use in Ghana - Samuel T. Partey; Angela D. Dakorah; Robert B. Zougmoré; Mathieu Ouédraogo; Mary Nyasimi; Gordon K. Nikoi; Sophia Huyer (Climatic Change, 2020)

Morphometric Evaluation of the Seminiferous Tubules and the Antioxidant Protective Effects of Gallic Acid and Quercetin in the Testis and Liver of Butyl Phthalate Treated Rats - Sunny O. Abarikwu; Godwin Simple; Chimezie Samuel Onuoha (Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2020)

Characterization of thiosulfate reductase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum heterologously produced in Pyrococcus furiosus - Dominik K. Haja; Chang-Hao Wu; Farris L. Poole; John Sugar; Samuel G. Williams; Anne K. Jones; Michael W. W. Adams (Extremophiles, 2020)

Platelet Dynamics and Hemodynamics of Cerebral Aneurysms Treated with Flow-Diverting Stents - Laurel M. M. Marsh; Michael C. Barbour; Venkat Keshav Chivukula; Fanette Chassagne; Cory M. Kelly; Samuel H. Levy; Louis J. Kim; Michael R. Levitt; Alberto Aliseda (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2020)

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access - Jens Kattge; Gerhard Bönisch; Sandra Díaz; Sandra Lavorel; Iain Colin Prentice; Paul Leadley; Susanne Tautenhahn; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Tuomas Aakala; Mehdi Abedi; Alicia T. R. Acosta; George C. Adamidis; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Informing CITES Parties: Strengthening science‐based decision‐making when listing marine species - Kim Friedman; Matias Braccini; Matthew Bjerregaard‐Walsh; Ramón Bonfil; Corey J. A. Bradshaw; Stephen Brouwer; Ian Campbell; Rui Coelho; Enric Cortés; Wetjens Dimmlich; Michael G. Frisk; Irene Kingma; et al. (Fish and Fisheries, 2020)
International trade in vulnerable marine species is regulated once they are listed in CITES Appendices (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Parties to the Convention submit proposal(s) 150 days prior to the CITES Conference for voting on the inclusion of new species in Appendices I and II, making a case for why CITES listing criteria are met in each case. Before the vote, Parties receive advice from (a) the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (b) the International Union for Conservation of Nature—TRAFFIC and (c) the CITES Secretariat, among others. This paper offers an expert review of listing processes, which are the subject of much debate in fishery and environment‐protection communities, looking at two specific cases: silky shark ( Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinidae) and bigeye thresher shark ( Alopias superciliosus, Alopiidae). The reviewers determine that the evidence made available to voting Parties is substantial, but suffers from non‐standard presentation across assessments. The best available data are not always presented or described transparently in relation to CITES criteria. An extension of the assessment period, as well as the opportunity to refute evidence, has been suggested as ways to support more informed and effective decision‐making by CITES Parties, whose composition of delegations varies greatly in their experience of marine species management and trade. Experts welcomed a greater coherence of advice between fishery and non‐fishery sources in the long term, and proposed a range of suggested improvements for the delivery of information and advice to CITES Parties.

Polyacanthoside A, a new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with cytotoxic effects from the leaves of Acacia polyacantha (Fabaceae) - Ghislain Fotso W.; Jean Na-Iya; Armelle Mbaveng T.; Patrick Ango Yves; Ibrahim Demirtas; Victor Kuete; Yeboah Samuel; Bathelemy Ngameni; Thomas Efferth; Bonaventure Ngadjui T. (Natural Product Research, 2019)

Expanding Tara Oceans Protocols for Underway, Ecosystemic Sampling of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface During Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018) - Gabriel Gorsky; Guillaume Bourdin; Fabien Lombard; Maria Luiza Pedrotti; Samuel Audrain; Nicolas Bin; Emmanuel Boss; Chris Bowler; Nicolas Cassar; Loic Caudan; Genevieve Chabot; Natalie R. Cohen; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

How do coffee trees deal with severe natural droughts? An analysis of hydraulic, diffusive and biochemical components at the leaf level - Samuel C. V. Martins; Matheus L. Sanglard; Leandro E. Morais; Paulo E. Menezes-Silva; Rafael Mauri; Rodrigo T. Avila; Camilo E. Vital; Amanda A. Cardoso; Fábio M. DaMatta (Trees, 2019)

Very Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability Predicts the Development of Post-Stroke Infections - Dirk Brämer; Albrecht Günther; Sven Rupprecht; Samuel Nowack; Josephine Adam; Fenja Meyer; Matthias Schwab; Ralf Surber; Otto W. Witte; Heike Hoyer; Dirk Hoyer (Translational Stroke Research, 2019)

Impact of climate change on surface water availability and crop water demand for the sub-watershed of Abbay Basin, Ethiopia - Alemu Ademe Bekele; Santosh Murlidhar Pingale; Samuel Dagalo Hatiye; Alemayehu Kasaye Tilahun (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2019)

Larger direct than indirect effects of multiple environmental changes on leaf nitrogen of forest herbs - Haben Blondeel; Elyn Remy; Michael P. Perring; Dries Landuyt; Samuel Bodé; Pieter De Frenne; Pascal Boeckx; Kris Verheyen (Plant and Soil, 2019)

A cross-cancer metastasis signature in the microRNA–mRNA axis of paired tissue samples - Samuel C. Lee; Alistair Quinn; Thin Nguyen; Svetha Venkatesh; Thomas P. Quinn (Molecular Biology Reports, 2019)

Overexpression of Ks-type dehydrins gene OeSRC1 from Olea europaea increases salt and drought tolerance in tobacco plants - Samuel Aduse Poku; Zafer Seçgin; Musa Kavas (Molecular Biology Reports, 2019)

Estimating the influence of precipitation variability by considering effect of middle atmosphere parameters on lower atmosphere over upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia - Megbar Wonde Birhan; U. Jaya Prakasha Raju; Samuel Takele Kenea (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2019)

Evidence for the Early Evolutionary Loss of the M20D Auxin Amidohydrolase Family from Mosses and Horizontal Gene Transfer from Soil Bacteria of Cryptic Hydrolase Orthologues to Physcomitrella patens - James J. Campanella; Stephanie Kurdach; Richard Skibitski; John V. Smalley; Samuel Desind; Jutta Ludwig-Müller (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2019)

Environmental friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and estimation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti - S. M. Roopan; R. S. Mathew; S. S. Mahesh; D. Titus; K. Aggarwal; N. Bhatia; K. I. Damodharan; K. Elumalai; J. J. Samuel (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019)

The nexus between social impacts and adaptation strategies of workers to occupational heat stress: a conceptual framework - Victor Fannam Nunfam; Kwadwo Adusei-Asante; Eddie John Van Etten; Jacques Oosthuizen; Samuel Adams; Kwasi Frimpong (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2019)

Cellular antioxidant enzyme activity and biomarkers for oxidative stress are affected by heat stress - Walid S. Habashy; Marie C. Milfort; Romdhane Rekaya; Samuel E. Aggrey (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2019)

Factors associated with self-reported walking and sedentary behaviours in a study sample of individuals with severe mental illness - Samuel St-Amour; Ahmed Jérôme Romain; Antony Karelis; Amal Abdel-Baki (German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 2019)

Pheomelanin-based coloration is related to individual quality and oxidative stress in blue petrels - Sarah Leclaire; Samuel Perret; Ismael Galván; Francesco Bonadonna (Evolutionary Ecology, 2019)

Artificial seed aging reveals the invisible fraction: Implications for evolution experiments using the resurrection approach - Steven J. Franks; Michael R. Sekor; Samuel Davey; Arthur E. Weis (Evolutionary Ecology, 2019)

Breeding new sweetpotato genotypes combining elevated content of two antagonistic traits of high dry matter and beta-carotene content in a high root yield background - Solomon O. Afuape; Pangirayi B. Tongoona; Isaac K. Asante; Chiedozie N. Egesi; Grace Nwaigwe; Samuel K. Offei (Euphytica, 2019)

Epoxidation is the preferred pathway of first-stage metabolism of abiraterone acetate in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) - Samuel Mach; Alexandr Jegorov; Marek Kuzma; Jakub Zápal; Zdeněk Šimek; Jan Čejka; Václav Eigner (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms associated with pesticide management practices among farmers in Ghana’s most important vegetable hub - Reginald Quansah; John R. Bend; Frederick Ato Armah; Felix Bonney; Joshua Aseidu; David Oscar Yawson; Michael Osei Adu; Isaac Luginaah; David Kofi Essumang; Abukari Abdul-Rahaman; Samuel Cobbina; Samuel Iddi; et al. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Evaluation of water quality using hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and water quality indices in the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana - Courage D. Egbi; Geophrey Anornu; Emmanuel K. Appiah-Adjei; Samuel Y. Ganyaglo; Samuel B. Dampare (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2019)

Synthesis, Structure Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 3-Amino-5-(5-Oxo-5H-Benzo[a]Phenothiazin-6-Ylamino) Benzoic Acid Derivatives via Molecular Docking, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Studies - Palanichamy Santhosh Kumar; Dhanaraj Premnath; Asir Obadiah; Arulappan Durairaj; Subramanian Ramanathan; Samuel Vasanthkumar (Current Pharmacology Reports, 2019)

GEYSER: 3D thermo-hydrodynamic reactive transport numerical simulator including porosity and permeability evolution using GPU clusters - Reza Sohrabi; Samuel Omlin; Stephen A. Miller (Computational Geosciences, 2019)

Neurobiological substrates of processing speed in childhood epilepsy - Samuel A. Bobholz; Kevin Dabbs; Dace Almane; Jana E. Jones; David E. Hsu; Carl E. Stafstrom; Michael Seidenberg; Bruce P. Hermann (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2019)

Expression of Meloidogyne incognita PolA1 hairpin RNA reduced nematode multiplication in transgenic tomato - Peter Nkachukwu Chukwurah; Samuel Aduse Poku; Akira Yokoyama; Hiroshi Fukuda; Masahiro Shishido; Ikuo Nakamura (Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2019)

Are liberal states greener? Political ideology and CO2 emissions in American states, 1980–2012 - Betul Gokkir; J. Samuel Barkin (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2019)

Presence of MrgprD within the gastrointestinal wall: reality or fake? - Samuel Van Remoortel; Jean-Pierre Timmermans (Cell and Tissue Research, 2019)

Magnetic Resonance Navigation for Targeted Embolization in a Two-Level Bifurcation Phantom - Ning Li; Yuting Jiang; Rosalie Plantefève; Francois Michaud; Zeynab Nosrati; Charles Tremblay; Katayoun Saatchi; Urs O. Häfeli; Samuel Kadoury; Gerald Moran; Florian Joly; Sylvain Martel; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2019)

Spatial patterns of discovery points and invasion hotspots of non‐native forest pests - Samuel F. Ward; Songlin Fei; Andrew M. Liebhold (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Aim Establishments of non‐native forest pests (insects and pathogens) continue to increase worldwide with growing numbers of introductions and changes in invasion pathways. Quantifying spatio‐temporal patterns in establishment locations and subsequent invasion dynamics can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving invasions and assist biosecurity agencies with prioritizing areas for proactive surveillance and management. Location United States of America. Time period 1794–2018. Major taxa studied Insecta, plant pathogens. Methods Using locations of first discovery and county‐level occurrence data for 101 non‐native pests across the contiguous USA, we (a) quantified spatial patterns in discovery points and county‐level species richness with spatial point process models and spatial hotspot analyses, respectively, and (b) identified potential proxies for propagule pressure (e.g., human population density) associated with these observed patterns. Results Discovery points were highly aggregated in space and located in areas with high densities of ports and roads. Although concentrated in the north‐eastern USA, discovery points also occurred farther west and became less aggregated as time progressed. Invasion hotspots were more common in the north‐east. Geographic patterns of discovery points and hotspots varied substantially among pest origins (i.e., global region of pests’ native ranges) and pest feeding guilds. Significant variation in invasion richness was attributed to the patterns of first discovery locations. Data and shapefiles comprising analyses are provided. Main conclusions Use of spatial point pattern analyses provided a quantitative characterization of the central role of human activities in establishment of non‐native pests. Moreover, the decreased aggregation of discovery points through time suggests that invasion pathways to certain areas in the USA have either been created or intensified by human activities. Overall, our results suggest that spatio‐temporal variability in the intensity of invasion pathways has resulted in marked geographic patterns of establishment and contributed to current macroscale patterns of pest invasion in the USA.

Potential climate change impacts on Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus L. in Ireland - Lynda Connor; Samuel Shephard; Kieran Rocks; Fiona L. Kelly (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2019)
Climate change has been identified as a global threat to Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus L. populations. Bayesian statistical models were used to identify important physical and ecological factors explaining Arctic char presence and persistence in Irish lakes. Maximum lake depth and the presence of mixed fish communities (i.e. including non‐salmonid fish species) were the most important drivers of Arctic char presence. There was a 75% probability that an Irish lake would contain Arctic char when maximum depth exceeded 40 m, if only a salmonid community was present. However, the required depth increased to 57 m when a mixed fish community (e.g. pike, perch or roach) was present. Similar variables explained char persistence, with surviving Arctic char populations being more likely in lakes with greater maximum depth and fewer non‐salmonid fish species. Tested temperature covariates were not important in explaining Arctic char presence or persistence in Irish lakes. A risk analysis was undertaken to identify which Arctic char lakes are vulnerable to colonisation by thermally plastic mixed fish communities due to flooding. Results indicated that 32 out of 45 lakes were not at any risk from the colonisation of thermally plastic mixed fish communities and 13 lakes had some level of risk.

River modification reduces climate resilience of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations in Ireland - Rossa O'Briain; Brian Coghlan; Samuel Shephard; Fiona L. Kelly (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2019)
This study investigated interactions between eco‐hydromorphological state, riparian vegetation cover, water temperature and fish community composition in lowland rivers in Ireland. Physical habitat modification of study sites corresponded with degraded eco‐hydromorphological state (degree of ecological and physical modification) and reduced thermal buffering capacity (greater temperature fluctuation and increased frequency of extreme temperature events). This impact was reflected in the fish community, with a shift from a brown trout‐dominated ( Salmo trutta L.) fish assemblage to predominance of the more thermally plastic minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), and stone loach, Barbatula barbatula (L.). Eco‐hydromorphological state may be a central factor affecting the ability of temperate rivers to resist temperature change in a warming climate and to maintain suitable conditions for salmonids and other cold‐water biota. Strategies aimed at climate change proofing of temperate rivers should focus on preserving or re‐establishing the eco‐hydromorphological processes that create habitat complexity and buffer stream temperature.

Gene pool transmission of multidrug resistance among Campylobacter from livestock, sewage and human disease - Evangelos Mourkas; Diego Florez‐Cuadrado; Ben Pascoe; Jessica K. Calland; Sion C. Bayliss; Leonardos Mageiros; Guillaume Méric; Matthew D. Hitchings; Alberto Quesada; Concepción Porrero; María Ugarte‐Ruiz; José Gutiérrez‐Fernández; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary The use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has coincided with a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food‐borne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli . Faecal contamination from the main reservoir hosts (livestock, especially poultry) is the principal route of human infection but little is known about the spread of AMR among source and sink populations. In particular, questions remain about how Campylobacter resistomes interact between species and hosts, and the potential role of sewage as a conduit for the spread of AMR. Here, we investigate the genomic variation associated with AMR in 168 C. jejuni and 92 C. coli strains isolated from humans, livestock and urban effluents in Spain. AMR was tested in vitro and isolate genomes were sequenced and screened for putative AMR genes and alleles. Genes associated with resistance to multiple drug classes were observed in both species and were commonly present in multidrug‐resistant genomic islands (GIs), often located on plasmids or mobile elements. In many cases, these loci had alleles that were shared among C. jejuni and C. coli consistent with horizontal transfer. Our results suggest that specific antibiotic resistance genes have spread among Campylobacter isolated from humans, animals and the environment.

Characterising extinction debt following habitat fragmentation using neutral theory - Samuel E. D. Thompson; Ryan A. Chisholm; James Rosindell (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Habitat loss leads to species extinctions, both immediately and over the long term as ‘extinction debt’ is repaid. The same quantity of habitat can be lost in different spatial patterns with varying habitat fragmentation. How this translates to species loss remains an open problem requiring an understanding of the interplay between community dynamics and habitat structure across temporal and spatial scales. Here we develop formulas that characterise extinction debt in a spatial neutral model after habitat loss and fragmentation. Central to our formulas are two new metrics, which depend on properties of the taxa and landscape: ‘effective area’, measuring the remaining number of individuals and ‘effective connectivity’, measuring individuals’ ability to disperse through fragmented habitat. This formalises the conventional wisdom that habitat area and habitat connectivity are the two critical requirements for long‐term preservation of biodiversity. Our approach suggests that mechanistic fragmentation metrics help resolve debates about fragmentation and species loss.

Practical actions for applied systematic conservation planning - Emily A. Botts; Genevieve Pence; Stephen Holness; Kerry Sink; Andrew Skowno; Amanda Driver; Linda R. Harris; Philip Desmet; Boyd Escott; Mervyn Lötter; Jeanne Nel; Tammy Smith; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Systematic conservation planning is intended to inform spatially explicit decision making. Doing so requires that it be integrated into complex regulatory and governance processes, and there are limited instances where this has been achieved effectively. South Africa is a global leader in the application of conservation plans, the outputs of which are widely used for spatial planning and decision making in many spheres of government. We aimed to determine how conservation planning in the country progressed from theory to implementation, and to identify practical actions that enabled this transition, by assessing temporal trends in the characteristics of conservation plans (1990–2017, n = 94). Since 2010 conservation planning has entered an operational period characterized by government leadership of plans, administrative rather than ecological planning domains, decreasing size of planning units, increasing emphasis on end‐user products, and scheduled revision of plans. Key actions that enabled this progression include transitioning leadership of plans from scientists to practitioners, building capacity within implementing agencies, creating opportunities to integrate plans in legislative processes, establishing a strong community of practice, adopting implementation‐focused methods, and balancing standardization with innovation. Learning from this model will allow other countries, particularly those with a similar megadiverse, developing context, to operationalize conservation planning into spatial planning and decision making.

Old Tools, New Ways of Using Them: Harnessing Expert Opinions to Plan for Surprise in Marine Socio-Ecological Systems - Rebecca V. Gladstone-Gallagher; Julie A. Hope; Richard H. Bulmer; Dana E. Clark; Fabrice Stephenson; Stephanie Mangan; Vera Rullens; Ewa Siwicka; Samuel F. Thomas; Conrad A. Pilditch; Candida Savage; Simon F. Thrush (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Lys–Arg mutation improved the thermostability of Bacillus cereus neutral protease through increased residue interactions - Tolbert Osire; Taowei Yang; Meijuan Xu; Xian Zhang; Xu Li; Samuel Niyomukiza; Zhiming Rao (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019)

A genome-wide association and meta-analysis reveal regions associated with seed size in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] - Sassoum Lo; María Muñoz-Amatriaín; Samuel A. Hokin; Ndiaga Cisse; Philip A. Roberts; Andrew D. Farmer; Shizhong Xu; Timothy J. Close (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Pollen development in male sterile mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and male fertile seashore mangosteen (Garcinia celebica L.) - Pornsawan Sutthinon; Lacey Samuels; Upatham Meesawat (Protoplasma, 2019)

Biochemical resistance to insecticide in Bemisia tabaci field population from Burkina Faso, West Africa - Drabo Samuel Fogné; Coulibaly Y. Ahmed; Romba Rahim; Balboné Mahamoudou; Gnankiné Olivier (Phytoparasitica, 2019)

Nematode soil food webs in maize agro-ecosystems and their implication on plant-parasitic nematodes - Samuel Maina; Hannah Karuri; Rosa Nyoike Ng’endo (Phytoparasitica, 2019)

Panoramic Visualization of Circulating MicroRNAs Across Neurodegenerative Diseases in Humans - Samuel Brennan; Matthew Keon; Bing Liu; Zheng Su; Nitin K. Saksena (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

A new potyvirus associated with a mosaic disease of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) in Nigeria - Olawale Arogundade; Adedamola Omolade Oresanya; Omolara Ifeoluwa Aderonmu; Olusegun Samuel Balogun; Sunday Oluseyi Solomon Akinyemi (Journal of Plant Pathology, 2019)

Virtually the same? How impaired sensory information in virtual reality may disrupt vision for action - David J. Harris; Gavin Buckingham; Mark R. Wilson; Samuel J. Vine (Experimental Brain Research, 2019)

Comparison of the effect of direct-acting antiviral with and without ribavirin on cyclosporine and tacrolimus clearance values: results from the ANRS CO23 CUPILT cohort - Aurélie Barrail-Tran; Lauriane Goldwirt; Thibaut Gelé; Claire Laforest; Audrey Lavenu; Hélène Danjou; Sylvie Radenne; Vincent Leroy; Pauline Houssel-Debry; Christophe Duvoux; Nassim Kamar; Victor De Ledinghen; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Intradiurnal variation of predominant airborne fungal spore biopollutants in the Central European urban environment - Jana Ščevková; Michal Hrabovský; Jozef Kováč; Samuel Rosa (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Daytime and nighttime heat wave characteristics based on multiple indices over the China–Pakistan economic corridor - Safi Ullah; Qinglong You; Waheed Ullah; Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan; Amjad Ali; Gohar Ali; Yuqing Zhang; Mushtaq Ahmad Jan; Asher Samuel Bhatti; Wenxin Xie (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Achieving a cleaner environment via the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: determinants of electricity access and pollution in India - Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie; Prabhakar Yadav (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2019)

Increases in dendritic spine density in BLA without metabolic changes in a rodent model of PTSD - Laura Tartari Neves; Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves; Lisiê Valéria Paz; Mariana Zancan; Bruna Bueno Milanesi; Gabriele Zenato Lazzari; Rafaela Barboza da Silva; Marina Mena Barreto Peres de Oliveira; Gianina Teribele Venturin; Samuel Greggio; Jaderson Costa da Costa; Alberto A. Rasia-Filho; et al. (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

The time-course of thermoregulatory responses during treadmill running is associated with running duration-dependent hypothalamic neuronal activation in rats - Paulo M. A. Lima; Helton O. Campos; Daniela R. C. Fóscolo; Raphael E. Szawka; Samuel P. Wanner; Cândido C. Coimbra (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

Poverty not taste drives the consumption of protected species in Madagascar - Samuel D. Merson; Luke J. Dollar; Paul J. Johnson; David W. Macdonald (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2019)

Male guppies differ in daily frequency but not diel pattern of display under daily light changes - Samuel J. O’Neill; Thomas E. White; Kate E. Lynch; Darrell J. Kemp (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2019)

Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider - Samuel D. Hervey; Andrew F. Barnas; Tanner J. Stechmann; Robert F. Rockwell; Susan N. Ellis‐Felege; Brian J. Darby (Molecular Ecology, 2019)
Conspecific brood parasitism allows females to exploit other females' nests and enhance their reproductive output. Here, we test a recent theoretical model of how host females gain inclusive fitness from brood parasitism. High levels of relatedness between host and parasitizer can be maintained either by: (a) kin recognizing and parasitizing each other as a form of cooperative breeding or (b) natal philopatry and nest site fidelity facilitating the formation of kin groups, thereby increasing the probability of parasitism between relatives nesting in close proximity. To address these two hypotheses we genotyped feathers and hatch membranes of common eiders ( Somateria mollissima ) from western Hudson Bay, Canada, using a noninvasive sampling methodology. We found that most instances of brood parasitism do result in inclusive fitness gains. Furthermore, females with failed nests moved an average of 492 m from their previous year's nest site, while successful females only moved an average of 13 m. Therefore, we observed host–parasite relatedness can occur at levels higher than would be expected by chance even in the absence of kin grouping, suggesting that closely related females nesting near one another is not essential to maintain high host–parasitizer relatedness. In addition, kin grouping is only a transient phenomenon that cannot occur every year due to the propensity for females of failed nests to nest farther away from their nest site in subsequent years than females with successful nests, which provides support for kin recognition as a more likely mechanism to maintain high host–parasitizer relatedness over time.

Origin and age of The Hillocks and implications for post‐glacial landscape development in the upper Lake Wakatipu catchment, New Zealand - Samuel T. McColl; Simon J. Cook; Timothy Stahl; Timothy R. H. Davies (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2019)
Ambiguous landscape histories can arise from equivocal or incomplete geomorphological, sedimentological or geochronological evidence. In this study, we apply quantitative analyses to robustly assess the origin and age of a field of rounded mounds, known as ‘The Hillocks’. Using clast analysis, the sediment is shown to be consistent with a landslide origin but inconsistent with other glacial sediments in the region. Cosmogenic 10 Be exposure age dating suggests The Hillocks formed ~8 ka. Ground‐penetrating radar reveals that the deposit rests upon deltaic foreset beds; combined with topographical data, we calculate a deposit volume of ~15–27 M m 3 , consistent with the estimated volume of the proposed source area. Overall, our data support a rock avalanche origin, indicating that by 8 ka the valley was ice‐free at The Hillocks’ location, and the level of Lake Wakatipu was lower than 340 m asl by this time. The Dart River delta shoreline was situated somewhere between The Hillocks and the present day shoreline at that time, and has prograded at a maximum average rate of 1 m a −1 since ~8 ka. These findings are significant given the lack of landforms by which to constrain glacial or post‐glacial landscape histories in this region of New Zealand. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

sFDvent: A global trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna - Abbie S. A. Chapman; Stace E. Beaulieu; Ana Colaço; Andrey V. Gebruk; Ana Hilario; Terue C. Kihara; Eva Ramirez‐Llodra; Jozée Sarrazin; Verena Tunnicliffe; Diva J. Amon; Maria C. Baker; Rachel E. Boschen‐Rose; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Motivation Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite growing interest in a trait‐based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single repository for species traits for deep‐sea chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global‐scale trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna – sFDvent ( s Div‐funded trait database for the F unctional D iversity of vent s). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: (a) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and (b) compare trait‐based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal‐vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using online collaborative tools and shared workspaces. Here, we characterise the sFDvent database, describe our approach, and evaluate its scope. Finally, we compare the sFDvent database to similar databases from shallow‐marine and terrestrial ecosystems to highlight how the sFDvent database can inform cross‐ecosystem comparisons. We also make the sFDvent database publicly available online by assigning a persistent, unique DOI. Main types of variable contained Six hundred and forty‐six vent species names, associated location information (33 regions), and scores for 13 traits (in categories: community structure, generalist/specialist, geographic distribution, habitat use, life history, mobility, species associations, symbiont, and trophic structure). Contributor IDs, certainty scores, and references are also provided. Spatial location and grain Global coverage (grain size: ocean basin), spanning eight ocean basins, including vents on 12 mid‐ocean ridges and 6 back‐arc spreading centres. Time period and grain sFDvent includes information on deep‐sea vent species, and associated taxonomic updates, since they were first discovered in 1977. Time is not recorded. The database will be updated every 5 years. Major taxa and level of measurement Deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna with species‐level identification present or in progress. Software format .csv and MS Excel (.xlsx).

Ecological memory of daily carbon exchange across the globe and its importance in drylands - Yao Liu; Christopher R. Schwalm; Kimberly E. Samuels‐Crow; Kiona Ogle (Ecology Letters, 2019)
How do antecedent (past) conditions influence land‐carbon dynamics after those conditions no longer persist? In particular, quantifying such memory effects associated with the influence of past environmental (exogenous) and biological (endogenous) conditions is crucial for understanding and predicting the carbon cycle. Here we show, using data from 42 eddy covariance sites across six major biomes, that ecological memory—decomposed into environmental and biological memory components—of daily net carbon exchange (NEE) is critical for understanding the land‐carbon metabolism, especially in drylands for which memory explains ~ 32% of the variation in NEE. The strong environmental memory in drylands was primarily driven by short‐ and long‐term moisture status. Moreover, the strength of environmental memory scales with increasing water stress. This universal scaling relationship, emerging within and among major biomes, suggests a potential adaptive response to water limitation. Our findings underscore the necessity of considering ecological memory in experiments, observations and modelling.

Ocean Energy Systems Wave Energy Modelling Task: Modelling, Verification and Validation of Wave Energy Converters - Fabian Wendt; Kim Nielsen; Yi-Hsiang Yu; Harry Bingham; Claes Eskilsson; Morten Kramer; Aurélien Babarit; Tim Bunnik; Ronan Costello; Sarah Crowley; Benjamin Gendron; Giuseppe Giorgi; et al. (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2019)
The International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme for Ocean Energy Systems (OES) initiated the OES Wave Energy Conversion Modelling Task, which focused on the verification and validation of numerical models for simulating wave energy converters (WECs). The long-term goal is to assess the accuracy of and establish confidence in the use of numerical models used in design as well as power performance assessment of WECs. To establish this confidence, the authors used different existing computational modelling tools to simulate given tasks to identify uncertainties related to simulation methodologies: (i) linear potential flow methods; (ii) weakly nonlinear Froude–Krylov methods; and (iii) fully nonlinear methods (fully nonlinear potential flow and Navier–Stokes models). This article summarizes the code-to-code task and code-to-experiment task that have been performed so far in this project, with a focus on investigating the impact of different levels of nonlinearities in the numerical models. Two different WECs were studied and simulated. The first was a heaving semi-submerged sphere, where free-decay tests and both regular and irregular wave cases were investigated in a code-to-code comparison. The second case was a heaving float corresponding to a physical model tested in a wave tank. We considered radiation, diffraction, and regular wave cases and compared quantities, such as the WEC motion, power output and hydrodynamic loading.

Observational Needs Supporting Marine Ecosystems Modeling and Forecasting: From the Global Ocean to Regional and Coastal Systems - Antonietta Capotondi; Michael Jacox; Chris Bowler; Maria Kavanaugh; Patrick Lehodey; Daniel Barrie; Stephanie Brodie; Samuel Chaffron; Wei Cheng; Daniela F. Dias; Damien Eveillard; Lionel Guidi; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Consumption of Atlantic Salmon Smolt by Striped Bass: A Review of the Predator-Prey Encounter Literature and Implications for the Design of Effective Sampling Strategies - Samuel Andrews; Sarah Hirtle; Tommi Linnansaari; R. Curry (Fishes, 2019)
The native striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick is undergoing an unprecedented recovery while Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) numbers within that system continue to decline. Atlantic salmon smolt depart from the Miramichi system during the striped bass spawning period and it is hypothesized that elevated striped bass abundances will increase encounter rates and predation on smolts. We summarize all available striped bass diet studies occurring within the native range of Atlantic salmon and present a review of the feeding behavior and diet preferences of striped bass before, during, and after their spawning period. The key studies vary in methodologies and interpretability. We present a standardized approach for assessing striped bass predation threats and smolt vulnerability and thus an improved understanding of the species interactions to guide future management in the Miramichi River.

Characterization and Monitoring of Porous Media with Electrical Imaging: A Review - Samuel Falzone; Judy Robinson; Lee Slater (Transport in Porous Media, 2019)

Velocity Curvature Index: a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Large Vessel Occlusion - Samuel G. Thorpe; Corey M. Thibeault; Seth J. Wilk; Michael O’Brien; Nicolas Canac; Mina Ranjbaran; Christian Devlin; Thomas Devlin; Robert B. Hamilton (Translational Stroke Research, 2019)

Fertilization Alternatives for Sugarcane Crop in Pujiltic Sugarcane Mill, Chiapas, Mexico - Eleazar Adoney Pérez Bautista; Ignacio Gordillo López; Sergio Salgado-Garcia; Silvia Islas Rivera; Samuel Córdova Sánchez (Sugar Tech, 2019)

TREK-1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury and from adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction - Samuel Kamatham; Christopher M. Waters; Andreas Schwingshackl; Salvatore Mancarella (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2019)

Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients - Christopher Duma; Oleg Kopyov; Alex Kopyov; Mark Berman; Elliot Lander; Michael Elam; Michael Arata; David Weiland; Ruslana Cannell; Chad Caraway; Sean Berman; Kristin Scord; et al. (Molecular Biology Reports, 2019)

Infrastructure and the environment in the Anthropocene - Mikhail V. Chester; Samuel Markolf; Braden Allenby (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019)
For centuries, man‐made infrastructure has been viewed as separate from natural systems. Yet in the past few centuries, as the scale and scope of human activities have dramatically increased, there is accumulating evidence that natural systems are becoming increasingly, and in some cases entirely, managed by humans. The dichotomy between infrastructure and the environment is narrowing, and natural systems are increasingly becoming human design spaces. This is already apparent with the management of hydrologic systems for urban water supply, wildlife, agriculture, forests, and even the atmosphere, and we can expect management of the environment to become more so as human activities grow. Yet our infrastructure largely remains obdurate. They are designed to last for long times even as changes in the environment and technology accelerate. As such, our current infrastructure paradigms fail at the level of the complex, integrated systems and behaviors that characterize the Anthropogenic Earth. Infrastructure in the future will need to be designed for adaptive capacity and the complexities associated with techno‐environmental systems.

Noise footprint from personal land‐based mobility - Stefano Cucurachi; Samuel Schiess; Andreas Froemelt; Stefanie Hellweg (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019)
A large part of the world population is exposed to noise levels that are unhealthy. Yet noise is often neglected when impact assessment studies are conducted and when policy interventions are designed. In this study, we provide a way to calculate the noise footprint of citizens directly determined by their use of private and public transport on land. The study combines the results of the large transport simulation model MATSim applied to Switzerland, with a noise characterization model, N‐LCA, developed in the context of life cycle assessment. MATSim results allow tracking the use of private and public transportation by agents in the model. The results after characterization provide a consumption‐based noise footprint, thus the total noise and impacts that are caused by the private mobility demand of the citizens of Switzerland. Our results confirm that road transportation is the largest contributor to the total noise footprint of land‐based mobility. We also included a scenario with a full transition to an electrified car fleet, which showed the potential for the reduction of impacts, particularly in urban areas, by about 55% as compared to the modeled regime with combustion engines.

Assessment of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) accessions with different geographical origins for agronomic and phenotypic traits and nutritive value - Samuel Tandoh; Bruce Coulman; Bill Biligetu (Euphytica, 2019)

Maternal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of bisphenol A causes reproductive dysfunction in F1 adult male rats: protective role of melatonin - Samuel Gbadebo Olukole; Damilare Olaniyi Lanipekun; Eunice Olufunke Ola-Davies; Bankole Olusiji Oke (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Morpho-physiological characteristics of Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp grown in a controlled environment using effluents from a beverage bottling company - Olaitan Pelumi Abiodun; Oyediran Kayode Owoade; OlaniranTemitope Oladipo; Oludare Oladipo Agboola; Akinwumi Johnson Akinloye; Lasun Tunde Ogundele; Olusegun Gabriel Fawole; Felix Samuel Olise (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone activity in historical and future CMIP5 experiments: assessment with a model-independent tracking scheme - Samuel S. Bell; Savin S. Chand; Kevin J. Tory; Chris Turville; Harvey Ye (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Regional leukoaraiosis and cognition in non-demented older adults - Margaret E. Wiggins; Jared Tanner; Nadine Schwab; Samuel J. Crowley; Ilona Schmalfuss; Babette Brumback; David J. Libon; Kenneth Heilman; Catherine C. Price (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2019)

Physiological host range of Trissolcus japonicus in relation to Halyomorpha halys and other pentatomids from California - Jesús R. Lara; Charles H. Pickett; Matthew T. Kamiyama; Samuel Figueroa; Mariana Romo; Christopher Cabanas; Vanessa Bazurto; Vincent Strode; Kristen Briseno; Mike Lewis; Joshua Oliva; Gabriel Hernandez; et al. (BioControl, 2019)

Social-ecological change in the Omo-Turkana basin: A synthesis of current developments - Jennifer Hodbod; Edward G. J. Stevenson; Gregory Akall; Thomas Akuja; Ikal Angelei; Elias Alemu Bedasso; Lucie Buffavand; Samuel Derbyshire; Immo Eulenberger; Natasha Gownaris; Benedikt Kamski; Abdikadir Kurewa; et al. (Ambio, 2019)

Refining the ice flow chronology and subglacial dynamics across the migrating Labrador Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with age constraints on deglaciation - Jessey M. Rice; Martin Ross; Roger C. Paulen; Samuel E. Kelley; Jason P. Briner; Christina M. Neudorf; Olav B. Lian (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2019)
The Laurentide Ice Sheet was characterized by a dynamic polythermal base. However, important data and knowledge gaps have led to contrasting reconstructions in areas such as the Labrador Ice Divide. In this study, detailed fieldwork was conducted at the southeastern edge of a major landform boundary to resolve the relative ice flow chronology and constrain the evolution of the subglacial dynamics, including the migration and collapse of the Labrador Ice Divide. Surficial mapping and analysis of 94 outcrop‐scale ice flow indicators were used to develop a relative ice flow chronology. 10 Be exposure ages were used with optical ages to confine the timing of deglaciation within the study area. Four phases of ice flow were identified. Flow 1 was a northeasterly ice flow preserved under non‐erosive subglacial conditions associated with the development of an ice divide. Flow 2 was a northwest ice flow, which we correlate to the Ungava Bay Ice Stream and led to a westward migration of the ice divide, preserving Flow 2 features and resulting in Flow 3's eastward‐trending indicators. Flow 4 is limited to sparse fine striations within and around the regional uplands. The new optical ages and 10 Be exposure ages add to the regional geochronology dataset, which further constrains the timing of ice margin retreat in the area to around 8.0 ka. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum in laboratory zebrafish through live feeds - Carolyn T. Chang; Samuel Benedict; Christopher M. Whipps (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2019)
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is particularly concerning because it is a common disease associated with chronic infections in these fish. Infections are also a source of uncontrolled experimental variance that may influence research results. Live feeds for zebrafish are common and include paramecia ( Paramecium caudatum ), brine shrimp ( Artemia franciscana ) and rotifers ( Branchionus spp.). Although nutritionally beneficial, live feeds may pose a biosecurity risk. In this study, we investigate transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum through these three live feeds. We show that all three live feeds ingest both M. marinum and M. chelonae and can transmit mycobacterial infections to zebrafish. This observation emphasizes the need for live feeds to be included in the consideration of potential biosecurity risks. This study is of importance to other beyond the zebrafish community, including those of additional aquatic models and those using live feeds for other types of aquaculture.

Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy - Boris Bongalov; David F. R. P. Burslem; Tommaso Jucker; Samuel E. D. Thompson; James Rosindell; Tom Swinfield; Reuben Nilus; Daniel Clewley; Oliver L. Phillips; David A. Coomes (Ecology Letters, 2019)
Both niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β‐diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field‐derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β‐diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β‐diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.

Pattern and scale: evaluating generalities in crab distributions and marsh dynamics from small plots to a national scale - Kerstin Wasson; Kenneth Raposa; Monica Almeida; Kathryn Beheshti; Jeffrey A. Crooks; Anna Deck; Nikki Dix; Caitlin Garvey; Jason Goldstein; David Samuel Johnson; Scott Lerberg; Pamela Marcum; et al. (Ecology, 2019)
The generality of ecological patterns depends inextricably on the scale at which they are examined. We investigated patterns of crab distribution and the relationship between crabs and vegetation in salt marshes at multiple scales. By using consistent monitoring protocols across 15 U.S. National Estuarine Research Reserves, we were able to synthesize patterns from the scale of quadrats to the entire marsh landscape to regional and national scales. Some generalities emerged across marshes from our overall models, and these are useful for informing broad coastal management policy. We found that crab burrow distribution within a marsh could be predicted by marsh elevation, distance to creek and soil compressibility. While these physical factors also affected marsh vegetation cover, we did not find a strong or consistent overall effect of crabs at a broad scale in our multivariate model, though regressions conducted separately for each site revealed that crab burrows were negatively correlated with vegetation cover at 4 out of 15 sites. This contrasts with recent smaller‐scale studies and meta‐analyses synthesizing such studies that detected strong negative effects of crabs on marshes, likely because we sampled across the entire marsh landscape, while targeted studies are typically limited to low‐lying areas near creeks, where crab burrow densities are highest. Our results suggest that sea‐level rise generally poses a bigger threat to marshes than crabs, but there will likely be interactions between these physical and biological factors. Beyond these generalities across marshes, we detected some regional differences in crab community composition, richness, and abundance. However, we found striking differences among sites within regions, and within sites, in terms of crab abundance and relationships to marsh integrity. Although generalities are broadly useful, our findings indicate that local managers cannot rely on data from other nearby systems, but rather need local information for developing salt marsh management strategies.

Preliminary Observations of the Abyssal Megafauna of Kiribati - Erik Simon-Lledó; Samuel Thompson; Andrew Yool; Adrian Flynn; Christina Pomee; John Parianos; Daniel O. B. Jones (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Coral Reef Monitoring, Reef Assessment Technologies, and Ecosystem-Based Management - David O. Obura; Greta Aeby; Natchanon Amornthammarong; Ward Appeltans; Nicholas Bax; Joe Bishop; Russell E. Brainard; Samuel Chan; Pamela Fletcher; Timothy A. C. Gordon; Lew Gramer; Mishal Gudka; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

A Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization for Robust Operation of Multipurpose Reservoirs - J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida; Taher Kahil; Tatiana Ermolieva; Yuri Ermoliev; Belize Lane; Samuel Sandoval-Solis; Yoshihide Wada (Water Resources Management, 2019)

Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus infecting coleus (Plectranthus barbatus) in Karnataka - B. S. Pavithra; Kedarnath Govin; H. M. Renuka; M. Krishnareddy; S. Jalali; D. K. Samuel; K. Himabindu (VirusDisease, 2019)

Regionalentwicklung vor dem Hintergrund von Komplexität – praktische Einblicke aus dem echten Norden - Imme Julia Lindemann; Olaf Prüß; Samuel Mössner (Standort, 2019)

A global review and meta-analysis of applications of the freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit - Lorenzo Vilizzi; Gordon H. Copp; Boris Adamovich; David Almeida; Joleen Chan; Phil I. Davison; Samuel Dembski; F. Güler Ekmekçi; Árpád Ferincz; Sandra C. Forneck; Jeffrey E. Hill; Jeong-Eun Kim; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2019)

The effects of mitragynine and morphine on schedule-controlled responding and antinociception in rats - Takato Hiranita; Francisco Leon; Jasmine S. Felix; Luis F. Restrepo; Morgan E. Reeves; Anna E. Pennington; Samuel Obeng; Bonnie A. Avery; Christopher R. McCurdy; Lance R. McMahon; Jenny L. Wilkerson (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC): status of developing genomic resources for African orphan crops - Prasad S. Hendre; Samuel Muthemba; Robert Kariba; Alice Muchugi; Yuan Fu; Yue Chang; Bo Song; Huan Liu; Min Liu; Xuezhu Liao; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Sibo Wang; et al. (Planta, 2019)

Morphometric analysis and characterization of the nutritional quality in African yam bean accessions - Charity O. Aremu; Omena B. Ojuederie; Folake Ayo-Vaughan; Olatunde Dahunsi; Aruna Olasekan Adekiya; Adeniyi Olayanju; Ojo T. Adebiyi; Ige Sunday; Henry Inegbedion; Abiola John Asaleye; Stephen Abolusoro; Christopher M. Aboyeji; et al. (Plant Physiology Reports, 2019)

Biological variation of resting measures of ventilation and gas exchange in a large healthy cohort - Kirsten E. Coffman; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Roy M. Salgado; Robert W. Kenefick (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2019)

Levels and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface soil of public parks in Southern Ghana - Samuel Kofi Frimpong; Samuel Senyo Koranteng (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Impacts of Air-Fuel Stratification in ACI Combustion on Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions - Melanie Moses-DeBusk; Scott J. Curran; Samuel A. Lewis; R. Maggie Connatser; John M. E. Storey (Emission Control Science and Technology, 2019)

Myotonia congenita: mutation spectrum of CLCN1 in Spanish patients - Carmen Palma Milla; Carmen Prior De Castro; Clara Gómez-González; Paloma Martínez-Montero; Samuel I. Pascual Pascual; Jesús Molano Mateos (Journal of Genetics, 2019)

Evaluation of AccuPAR LP 80 in Estimating Leaf Area Index of Soybeans Canopy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Omotayo Babawande Adeboye; Amaka Precious Adeboye; Oyedele Samuel Andero; Olumide Babatope Falana (Agricultural Research, 2019)

Quantifying the temperature dependence of growth rate in marine phytoplankton within and across species - Samuel Barton; Gabriel Yvon‐Durocher (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)
Models of marine biogeochemistry capture the effects of temperature on phytoplankton growth via the monotonic, exponential Eppley coefficient, without considering the physiological or evolutionary processes that underpin this emergent, across‐species temperature response. Here, we investigated both the within‐ and across‐species temperature dependence of growth rate for 18 species of marine phytoplankton. We found that the temperature dependence of growth rate derived across species was lower than the average temperature response within species. This finding supports a “partial compensation” model of thermal adaptation and suggests that adaptation can partially compensate for the underlying thermodynamic effects of temperature on physiological rates observed within species. We also found that thermal tolerance traits (e.g. the optimum temperature for growth) systematically covaried with a host of key functional traits (e.g. cell size, elemental composition). Consequently, turnover in species composition in a warmer ocean, linked to interspecific variability in thermal tolerance traits, could be associated with major shifts in the functional trait composition of marine phytoplankton communities with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning.

Opportunities for behavioral rescue under rapid environmental change - Samuel B. Fey; David A. Vasseur; Karla Alujević; Kristy J. Kroeker; Michael L. Logan; Mary I. O'Connor; Volker H. W. Rudolf; John P. DeLong; Scott Peacor; Rebecca L. Selden; Andy Sih; Susana Clusella‐Trullas (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Laboratory measurements of physiological and demographic tolerances are important in understanding the impact of climate change on species diversity; however, it has been recognized that forecasts based solely on these laboratory estimates overestimate risk by omitting the capacity for species to utilize microclimatic variation via behavioral adjustments in activity patterns or habitat choice. The complex, and often context‐dependent nature, of microclimate utilization has been an impediment to the advancement of general predictive models. Here, we overcome this impediment and estimate the potential impact of warming on the fitness of ectotherms using a benefit/cost trade‐off derived from the simple and broadly documented thermal performance curve and a generalized cost function. Our framework reveals that, for certain environments, the cost of behavioral thermoregulation can be reduced as warming occurs, enabling behavioral buffering (e.g., the capacity for behavior to ameliorate detrimental impacts) and “behavioral rescue” from extinction in extreme cases. By applying our framework to operative temperature and physiological data collected at an extremely fine spatial scale in an African lizard, we show that new behavioral opportunities may emerge. Finally, we explore large‐scale geographic differences in the impact of behavior on climate‐impact projections using a global dataset of 38 insect species. These multiple lines of inference indicate that understanding the existing relationship between thermal characteristics (e.g., spatial configuration, spatial heterogeneity, and modal temperature) is essential for improving estimates of extinction risk.

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem - Michelle D. Staudinger; Katherine E. Mills; Karen Stamieszkin; Nicholas R. Record; Christine A. Hudak; Andrew Allyn; Antony Diamond; Kevin D. Friedland; Walt Golet; Meghan Elisabeth Henderson; Christina M. Hernandez; Thomas G. Huntington; et al. (Fisheries Oceanography, 2019)
The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.

Transcriptomic dissection of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS285 in symbiosis with Aeschynomene spp. inducing different bacteroid morphotypes with contrasted symbiotic efficiency - Florian Lamouche; Djamel Gully; Anaïs Chaumeret; Nico Nouwen; Camille Verly; Olivier Pierre; Coline Sciallano; Joël Fardoux; Christian Jeudy; Attila Szücs; Samuel Mondy; Christophe Salon; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary To circumvent the paucity of nitrogen sources in the soil legume plants establish a symbiotic interaction with nitrogen‐fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. During symbiosis, the plants form root organs called nodules, where bacteria are housed intracellularly and become active nitrogen fixers known as bacteroids. Depending on their host plant, bacteroids can adopt different morphotypes, being either unmodified (U), elongated (E) or spherical (S). E‐ and S‐type bacteroids undergo a terminal differentiation leading to irreversible morphological changes and DNA endoreduplication. Previous studies suggest that differentiated bacteroids display an increased symbiotic efficiency (E > U and S > U). In this study, we used a combination of Aeschynomene species inducing E‐ or S‐type bacteroids in symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS285 to show that S‐type bacteroids present a better symbiotic efficiency than E‐type bacteroids. We performed a transcriptomic analysis on E‐ and S‐type bacteroids formed by Aeschynomene afraspera and Aeschynomene indica nodules and identified the bacterial functions activated in bacteroids and specific to each bacteroid type. Extending the expression analysis in E‐ and S‐type bacteroids in other Aeschynomene species by qRT‐PCR on selected genes from the transcriptome analysis narrowed down the set of bacteroid morphotype‐specific genes. Functional analysis of a selected subset of 31 bacteroid‐induced or morphotype‐specific genes revealed no symbiotic phenotypes in the mutants. This highlights the robustness of the symbiotic program but could also indicate that the bacterial response to the plant environment is partially anticipatory or even maladaptive. Our analysis confirms the correlation between differentiation and efficiency of the bacteroids and provides a framework for the identification of bacterial functions that affect the efficiency of bacteroids.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Mammalian tolerance to humans is predicted by body mass: evidence from long‐term archives - Jennifer J. Crees; Samuel T. Turvey; Robin Freeman; Chris Carbone (Ecology, 2019)
Humans are implicated as a major driver of species extinctions from the Late Pleistocene to the present. However, our predictive understanding of human‐caused extinction remains poor due to the restricted temporal and spatial scales at which this process is typically assessed, and the risks of bias due to “extinction filters” resulting from a poor understanding of past species declines. We develop a novel continent‐wide data set containing country‐level last‐occurrence records for 31 European terrestrial mammals across the Holocene (c.11,500 yr BP to present), an epoch of relative climatic stability that captures major transitions in human demography. We analyze regional extirpations against a high‐resolution database of human population density ( HPD ) estimates to identify species‐specific tolerances to changing HPD through the Holocene. Mammalian thresholds to HPD scale strongly with body mass, with larger‐bodied mammals experiencing regional population losses at lower HPD s than smaller‐bodied mammals. Our analysis enables us to identify levels of tolerance to HPD for different species, and therefore has wide applicability for determining biotic vulnerability to human impacts. This ecological pattern is confirmed across wide spatiotemporal scales, providing insights into the dynamics of prehistoric extinctions and the modern biodiversity crisis, and emphasizing the role of long‐term archives in understanding human‐caused biodiversity loss.

Volta basin precipitation and temperature climatology: evaluation of CORDEX-Africa regional climate model simulations - Gloria Okafor; Thompson Annor; Samuel Odai; Jacob Agyekum (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019)

Establishing operant conflict tests for the translational study of anxiety in mice - Sara Oberrauch; Hannes Sigrist; Eva Sautter; Samuel Gerster; Dominik R. Bach; Christopher R. Pryce (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

Relative insensitivity to time-out punishments induced by win-paired cues in a rat gambling task - Angela J. Langdon; Brett A. Hathaway; Samuel Zorowitz; Cailean B. W. Harris; Catharine A. Winstanley (Psychopharmacology, 2019)

Isotope fractionation during root water uptake by Acacia caven is enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizas - María Poca; Olivia Coomans; Carlos Urcelay; Sebastián R. Zeballos; Samuel Bodé; Pascal Boeckx (Plant and Soil, 2019)

Determinants and consequences of plant–insect phenological synchrony for a non-native herbivore on a deciduous conifer: implications for invasion success - Samuel F. Ward; Roger D. Moon; Daniel A. Herms; Brian H. Aukema (Oecologia, 2019)

The Retina as a Window or Mirror of the Brain Changes Detected in Alzheimer’s Disease: Critical Aspects to Unravel - Samuel Chiquita; Ana C. Rodrigues-Neves; Filipa I. Baptista; Rafael Carecho; Paula I. Moreira; Miguel Castelo-Branco; António F. Ambrósio (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Functional relaxant effect of 6,7-dipropoxy-2H-chromen-2-one is mainly by calcium channel blockade in ex vivo assay of tracheal rings - Amanda Sánchez-Recillas; Samuel Estrada-Soto; Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez; César Millán-Pacheco; Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade; Rafael Villalobos-Molina; Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas; Itzell A. Gallardo-Ortiz (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2019)

Life cycle assessment of industrial symbiosis: A critical review of relevant reference scenarios - Lynda Aissani; Antoine Lacassagne; Jean‐Baptiste Bahers; Samuel Le Féon (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019)
This paper highlights the methods and parameters used to define and design a reference scenario to be compared with an industrial symbiosis (IS) scenario using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. To this end, a critical review was conducted of 26 peer‐reviewed papers using LCA in the field of IS. The analysis focuses on the definition and design of reference scenarios through five cross‐analyses to determine correlations between the type and the number of reference scenarios and the type of IS scenarios studied and also some LCA characteristics such as the functional unit, the type of data used, and the use of sensitivity analysis. Results show that the definition of reference scenarios depends mainly on the type of IS scenario considered. For a current IS developed at an industrial scale, the suitable reference scenario is mainly a hypothetical nonsymbiotic reference scenario. For a prospective IS, the suitable reference scenario is mainly a current nonsymbiotic reference scenario. Due to this critical review, the problem of variability of reference scenarios emerges. To resolve it, the authors analyze different reference scenarios or use sensitivity analysis. What is more, territorial aspects are rarely taken into account in the design of reference scenarios. It is clearly a gap for LCA of IS because of the influence of territorial factors. The new research challenge is to include the consideration of territorial aspects to define and design the worst‐ and best‐case reference scenarios to assess strict environmental performances of IS.

After Childhood Cancer: a Qualitative Study of Family Physician, Parent/Guardian, and Survivor Information Needs and Perspectives on Long-Term Follow-up and Survivorship Care Plans - Melanie R. Keats; Kelsey Shea; Louise Parker; Samuel A. Stewart; Annette Flanders; Mark Bernstein (Journal of Cancer Education, 2019)

Study on Key Parameters of Roof Cutting and Pressure Release in Medium-Thickness Coal Seam - Zhen Han; Yanli Huang; Junmeng Li; Samuel Zayzay; Huadong Gao (Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2019)

Effect of itraconazole, food, and ethnic origin on the pharmacokinetics of ivosidenib in healthy subjects - David Dai; Hua Yang; Salah Nabhan; Hua Liu; Denice Hickman; Guowen Liu; Jeffrey Zacher; Apinya Vutikullird; Chandra Prakash; Samuel Agresta; Chris Bowden; Bin Fan (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019)

Genetic variability in the agronomic traits, inheritance pattern of seed coat colour and response to brown blotch disease among cowpea hybrids - Johnson Adedayo Adetumbi; Solomon Tayo Akinyosoye; Adeola Agbeleye; Kehinde Titilope Kareem; Olubusola Fehintola Oduwaye; Gabriel G. Adebayo; Samuel Adelowo Olakojo (Euphytica, 2019)

Efficacy of a school-based intervention to bring awareness about PCB contamination and exposure avoidance in Guánica, Puerto Rico - Daisy Ramirez-Ortiz; Glenda L. Almodóvar-Morales; Samuel Hopwood; Naresh Kumar (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Anthropization in the coastal zone associated with Mexican mangroves (2005–2015) - Velázquez Salazar Samuel; Valderrama Landeros Luis Humberto; Rodríguez Zúñiga María Teresa; Cruz López María Isabel (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Future evolution of Marine Heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea - Sofia Darmaraki; Samuel Somot; Florence Sevault; Pierre Nabat; William David Cabos Narvaez; Leone Cavicchia; Vladimir Djurdjevic; Laurent Li; Gianmaria Sannino; Dmitry V. Sein (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Transgenic crops: trends and dynamics in the world and in Latin America - Alejandro Barragán-Ocaña; Gerardo Reyes-Ruiz; Samuel Olmos-Peña; Hortensia Gómez-Viquez (Transgenic Research, 2019)

Comparison of XCH4 Derived from g-b FTS and GOSAT and Evaluation Using Aircraft In-Situ Observations over TCCON Site - Samuel Takele Kenea; Young-Suk Oh; Tae-Young Goo; Jae-Sang Rhee; Young-Hwa Byun; Lev D. Labzovskii; Shanlan Li (Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2019)

The role of simulated spring water stress in interactions between eastern larch and larch casebearer - Samuel F. Ward; Aubree M. Kees; Mitchell P. Maddox; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Brian H. Aukema (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2019)

Physiological parameters and plasticity as key factors to understand pioneer and late successional species in the Atlantic Rainforest - Orlando de Oliveira dos Santos; Keila Rego Mendes; Samuel Vitor Cordeiro Martins; Willian Batista-Silva; Marcos André dos Santos; Joselma Maria de Figueirôa; Edivan Rodrigues de Souza; Denise Fernandes; Wagner Luiz Araújo; Marcelo Francisco Pompelli (Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2019)

Environmental DNA metabarcoding as an effective and rapid tool for fish monitoring in canals - Allan D. McDevitt; Naiara Guimarães Sales; Samuel S. Browett; Abbie O. Sparnenn; Stefano Mariani; Owen S. Wangensteen; Ilaria Coscia; Chiara Benvenuto (Journal of Fish Biology, 2019)
We focus on a case study along an English canal comparing environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with two types of electrofishing techniques (wade‐and‐reach and boom‐boat). In addition to corroborating data obtained by electrofishing, eDNA provided a wider snapshot of fish assemblages. Given the semi‐lotic nature of canals, we encourage the use of eDNA as a fast and cost‐effective tool to detect and monitor whole fish communities.

Climate change, biological invasions, and the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes: A large‐scale survey based on local ecological knowledge - Ernesto Azzurro; Valerio Sbragaglia; Jacopo Cerri; Michel Bariche; Luca Bolognini; Jamila Ben Souissi; Giulio Busoni; Salvatore Coco; Antoniadou Chryssanthi; Emanuela Fanelli; Raouia Ghanem; Joaquim Garrabou; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2019)
Climate change and biological invasions are rapidly reshuffling species distribution, restructuring the biological communities of many ecosystems worldwide. Tracking these transformations in the marine environment is crucial, but our understanding of climate change effects and invasive species dynamics is often hampered by the practical challenge of surveying large geographical areas. Here, we focus on the Mediterranean Sea, a hot spot for climate change and biological invasions to investigate recent spatiotemporal changes in fish abundances and distribution. To this end, we accessed the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of small‐scale and recreational fishers, reconstructing the dynamics of fish perceived as “new” or increasing in different fishing areas. Over 500 fishers across 95 locations and nine different countries were interviewed, and semiquantitative information on yearly changes in species abundance was collected. Overall, 75 species were mentioned by the respondents, mostly warm‐adapted species of both native and exotic origin. Respondents belonging to the same biogeographic sectors described coherent spatial and temporal patterns, and gradients along latitudinal and longitudinal axes were revealed. This information provides a more complete understanding of the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes and it also demonstrates that adequately structured LEK methodology might be applied successfully beyond the local scale, across national borders and jurisdictions. Acknowledging this potential through macroregional coordination could pave the way for future large‐scale aggregations of individual observations, increasing our potential for integrated monitoring and conservation planning at the regional or even global level. This might help local communities to better understand, manage, and adapt to the ongoing biotic transformations driven by climate change and biological invaders.

Evaluation of the Penman-Monteith and other 34 reference evapotranspiration equations under limited data in a semiarid dry climate - Koffi Djaman; Michael O’Neill; Lamine Diop; Ansoumana Bodian; Samuel Allen; Komlan Koudahe; Kevin Lombard (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019)

Implications of seasonal and annual heat accumulation for population dynamics of an invasive defoliator - Samuel F. Ward; Roger D. Moon; Brian H. Aukema (Oecologia, 2019)

Targeted inhibition of histone deacetylase leads to suppression of Ewing sarcoma tumor growth through an unappreciated EWS-FLI1/HDAC3/HSP90 signaling axis - Yan Ma; Michael Baltezor; Lian Rajewski; Jennifer Crow; Glenson Samuel; Vincent S. Staggs; Katherine M. Chastain; Jeffrey A. Toretsky; Scott J. Weir; Andrew K. Godwin (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2019)

Ten Years of Robotripping: Evidence of Tolerance to Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide in a Long-Term User - Travis D. Olives; Sean P. Boley; Jenna M. LeRoy; Samuel J. Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2019)

A Swine Model of Severe Propranolol Toxicity Permitting Direct Measurement of Brain Tissue Oxygenation - Benjamin S Orozco; Kristin M Engebretsen; Joel S Holger; Samuel J Stellpflug (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2019)

Shifts in diet of an apex predator following the colonisation of an invasive fish - Paul McLoone; Samuel Shephard; Sinead O’Reilly; Fiona Kelly (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Metabolism of obeticholic acid in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) - Samuel Mach; Alexandr Jegorov; Zdeněk Šimek (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Assessment of concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetables from farms in Accra, Ghana - Saada Mohammed; Samuel Obiri; Osmund Duodu Ansa-Asare; Grace Dartey; Richard Kuddy; Serapis Appiah (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Effect of empirical correction of sea-surface temperature biases on the CRCM5-simulated climate and projected climate changes over North America - Leticia Hernández-Díaz; Oumarou Nikiéma; René Laprise; Katja Winger; Samuel Dandoy (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Submarine giant pumice: a window into the shallow conduit dynamics of a recent silicic eruption - Samuel J. Mitchell; Bruce F. Houghton; Rebecca J. Carey; Michael Manga; Kristen E. Fauria; Max P. Jones; S. Adam Soule; Chris E. Conway; Zihan Wei; Thomas Giachetti (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2019)
Meter-scale vesicular blocks, termed “giant pumice,” are characteristic primary products of many subaqueous silicic eruptions. The size of giant pumices allows us to describe meter-scale variations in textures and geochemistry with implications for shearing processes, ascent dynamics, and thermal histories within submarine conduits prior to eruption. The submarine eruption of Havre volcano, Kermadec Arc, in 2012, produced at least 0.1 km 3 of rhyolitic giant pumice from a single 900-m-deep vent, with blocks up to 10 m in size transported to at least 6 km from source. We sampled and analyzed 29 giant pumices from the 2012 Havre eruption. Geochemical analyses of whole rock and matrix glass show no evidence for geochemical heterogeneities in parental magma; any textural variations can be attributed to crystallization of phenocrysts and microlites, and degassing. Extensive growth of microlites occurred near conduit walls where magma was then mingled with ascending microlite-poor, low viscosity rhyolite. Meter- to micron-scale textural analyses of giant pumices identify diversity throughout an individual block and between the exteriors of individual blocks. We identify evidence for post-disruption vesicle growth during pumice ascent in the water column above the submarine vent. A 2D cumulative strain model with a flared, shallow conduit may explain observed vesicularity contrasts (elongate tube vesicles vs spherical vesicles). Low vesicle number densities in these pumices from this high-intensity silicic eruption demonstrate the effect of hydrostatic pressure above a deep submarine vent in suppressing rapid late-stage bubble nucleation and inhibiting explosive fragmentation in the shallow conduit.

Spatial resilience of the Great Barrier Reef under cumulative disturbance impacts - Camille Mellin; Samuel Matthews; Kenneth R.N. Anthony; Stuart C. Brown; M. Julian Caley; Kerryn A. Johns; Kate Osborne; Marjetta Puotinen; Angus Thompson; Nicholas H. Wolff; Damien A. Fordham; M. Aaron MacNeil (Global Change Biology, 2019)
In the face of increasing cumulative effects from human and natural disturbances, sustaining coral reefs will require a deeper understanding of the drivers of coral resilience in space and time. Here we develop a high‐resolution, spatially explicit model of coral dynamics on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Our model accounts for biological, ecological and environmental processes, as well as spatial variation in water quality and the cumulative effects of coral diseases, bleaching, outbreaks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish ( Acanthaster cf. solaris ), and tropical cyclones. Our projections reconstruct coral cover trajectories between 1996 and 2017 over a total reef area of 14,780 km 2 , predicting a mean annual coral loss of −0.67%/year mostly due to the impact of cyclones, followed by starfish outbreaks and coral bleaching. Coral growth rate was the highest for outer shelf coral communities characterized by digitate and tabulate Acropora spp. and exposed to low seasonal variations in salinity and sea surface temperature, and the lowest for inner‐shelf communities exposed to reduced water quality. We show that coral resilience (defined as the net effect of resistance and recovery following disturbance) was negatively related to the frequency of river plume conditions, and to reef accessibility to a lesser extent. Surprisingly, reef resilience was substantially lower within no‐take marine protected areas, however this difference was mostly driven by the effect of water quality. Our model provides a new validated, spatially explicit platform for identifying the reefs that face the greatest risk of biodiversity loss, and those that have the highest chances to persist under increasing disturbance regimes.

Effect of long‐term organic and mineral fertilization strategies on rhizosphere microbiota assemblage and performance of lettuce - Soumitra Paul Chowdhury; Doreen Babin; Martin Sandmann; Samuel Jacquiod; Loreen Sommermann; Søren Johannes Sørensen; Andreas Fliessbach; Paul Mäder; Joerg Geistlinger; Kornelia Smalla; Michael Rothballer; Rita Grosch (Environmental Microbiology, 2019)
Summary Long‐term agricultural fertilization strategies gradually change soil properties including the associated microbial communities. Cultivated crops recruit beneficial microbes from the surrounding soil environment via root exudates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of long‐term fertilization strategies across field sites on the rhizosphere prokaryotic ( Bacteria and Archaea ) community composition and plant performance. We conducted growth chamber experiments with lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in soils from two long‐term field experiments, each of which compared organic versus mineral fertilization strategies. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed the assemblage of a rhizosphere core microbiota shared in all lettuce plants across soils, going beyond differences in community composition depending on field site and fertilization strategies. The enhanced expression of several plant genes with roles in oxidative and biotic stress signalling pathways in lettuce grown in soils with organic indicates an induced physiological status in plants. Lettuce plants grown in soils with different fertilization histories were visibly free of stress symptoms and achieved comparable biomass. This suggests a positive aboveground plant response to belowground plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Besides effects of fertilization strategy and field site, our results demonstrate the crucial role of the plant in driving rhizosphere microbiota assemblage.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics - Paloma Marques Santos; Adriana Bocchiglieri; Adriano Garcia Chiarello; Adriano Pereira Paglia; Adryelle Moreira; Agnis Cristiane de Souza; Agustin Manuel Abba; Agustin Paviolo; Ailin Gatica; Akyllan Zoppi Medeiro; Alan Nilo Costa; Alberto Gonzalez Gallina; et al. (Ecology, 2019)
Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records ( n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest ( n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus ( n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus ( n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records ( n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest ( n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data.

An End-to-End Model Reveals Losers and Winners in a Warming Mediterranean Sea - Fabien Moullec; Nicolas Barrier; Sabrine Drira; François Guilhaumon; Patrick Marsaleix; Samuel Somot; Caroline Ulses; Laure Velez; Yunne-Jai Shin (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Morphology of Drained Upland Depressions on the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa - Samuel M. McDeid; David I. S. Green; William G. Crumpton (Wetlands, 2019)

Resveratrol Preconditioning Induces Genomic and Metabolic Adaptations within the Long-Term Window of Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance Leading to Bioenergetic Efficiency - Nathalie Khoury; Jing Xu; Samuel D. Stegelmann; Charles W. Jackson; Kevin B. Koronowski; Kunjan R. Dave; Juan I. Young; Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Cortical Excitability and Activation of TrkB Signaling During Rebound Slow Oscillations Are Critical for Rapid Antidepressant Responses - Samuel Kohtala; Wiebke Theilmann; Marko Rosenholm; Leena Penna; Gulsum Karabulut; Salla Uusitalo; Kaija Järventausta; Arvi Yli-Hankala; Ipek Yalcin; Nobuaki Matsui; Henna-Kaisa Wigren; Tomi Rantamäki (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Seasonal variation and species-specific concentrations of the essential vitamin B1 (thiamin) in zooplankton and seston - Emil Fridolfsson; Carina Bunse; Catherine Legrand; Elin Lindehoff; Sanna Majaneva; Samuel Hylander (Marine Biology, 2019)

Rab5C enhances resistance to ionizing radiation in rectal cancer - Antuani Rafael Baptistella; Michele Christine Landemberger; Marcos Vinicios Salles Dias; Fernanda Salgueiredo Giudice; Bruna Roz Rodrigues; Petrus Paulo Combas Eufrazio da Silva; Edson Kuatelela Cassinela; Tonielli Cristina Lacerda; Fabio Albuquerque Marchi; Adriana Franco Paes Leme; Maria Dirlei Begnami; Samuel Aguiar; et al. (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2019)

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposites using grape fruit extract and Eichhornia crassipes leaf extract and a comparative study of their photocatalytic property in degrading Rhodamine B dye - Subramanian Ramanathan; Steplin Paul Selvin; Asir Obadiah; Arulappan Durairaj; Palanisamy Santhoshkumar; Sharmila Lydia; Subramaian Ramasundaram; Samuel Vasanthkumar (Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2019)

Peanut cultivars display susceptibility by triggering outbreaks of Tetranychus ogmophallos (Acari: Tetranychidae) - Cirano Cruz Melville; Samuel Felipe Zampa; Patrice Jacob Savi; Marcos Doniseti Michelotto; Daniel Junior Andrade (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2019)

Assessing the complex relationship between landscape, gene flow, and range expansion of a Mediterranean carnivore - Tânia Barros; João Carvalho; Carlos Fonseca; Samuel A. Cushman (European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2019)

Across year and year-by-year GGE biplot analysis to evaluate soybean performance and stability in multi-environment trials - Samuel Cristian Dalló; Andrei Daniel Zdziarski; Leomar Guilherme Woyann; Anderson Simionato Milioli; Rodrigo Zanella; Josiane Conte; Giovani Benin (Euphytica, 2019)

Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi; Samuel James Offor; Chiara Frazzoli; Orish Ebere Orisakwe (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

Assessment of Typha capensis for the remediation of soil contaminated with As, Hg, Cd and Pb - Samuel Wiafe; Richard Buamah; Helen Essandoh; Lawrence Darkwah (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019)

Hydrodynamic Modeling Coupled with Long-term Field Data Provide Evidence for Suppression of Phytoplankton by Invasive Clams and Freshwater Exports in the San Francisco Estuary - Bruce G. Hammock; Samuel P. Moose; Samuel Sandoval Solis; Erfan Goharian; Swee J. Teh (Environmental Management, 2019)

Changes in sociality of butterflyfishes linked to population declines and coral loss - Cassandra A. Thompson; Samuel Matthews; Andrew S. Hoey; Morgan S. Pratchett (Coral Reefs, 2019)

Controllable stress elicits circuit-specific patterns of prefrontal plasticity in males, but not females - Michael V. Baratta; Tina M. Gruene; Samuel D. Dolzani; Lauren E. Chun; Steven F. Maier; Rebecca M. Shansky (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

In vivo localization of cortical areas using a 3D computerized atlas of the marmoset brain - Laurent Risser; Amirouche Sadoun; Muriel Mescam; Kuzma Strelnikov; Sandra Lebreton; Samuel Boucher; Pascal Girard; Nathalie Vayssière; Marcello G. P. Rosa; Caroline Fonta (Brain Structure and Function, 2019)

Integrating team science into interdisciplinary graduate education: an exploration of the SESYNC Graduate Pursuit - Kenneth E. Wallen; Karen Filbee-Dexter; Jeremy B. Pittman; Stephen M. Posner; Steven M. Alexander; Chelsie L. Romulo; Drew E. Bennett; Elizabeth C. Clark; Stella J.M. Cousins; Bradford A. Dubik; Margaret Garcia; Heather A. Haig; et al. (Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2019)

Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity and human health on a Mediterranean island - Jodey Peyton; Angeliki F. Martinou; Oliver L. Pescott; Monica Demetriou; Tim Adriaens; Margarita Arianoutsou; Ioannis Bazos; Colin W. Bean; Olaf Booy; Marc Botham; J. Robert Britton; Javier Lobon Cervia; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Seeding native species increases resistance to annual grass invasion following prescribed burning of semiarid woodlands - Alexandra K. Urza; Peter J. Weisberg; Jeanne C. Chambers; David Board; Samuel W. Flake (Biological Invasions, 2019)

Sequential Enzymatic and Mild-Acid Hydrolysis of By-Product of Carrageenan Process from Kappaphycus alvarezii - Fernando Roberto Paz-Cedeno; Eddyn Gabriel Solórzano-Chávez; Levi Ezequiel de Oliveira; Valéria Cress Gelli; Rubens Monti; Samuel Conceição de Oliveira; Fernando Masarin (BioEnergy Research, 2019)

Intraspecific differences in relative isotopic niche area and overlap of co-occurring sharks - David Samuel Shiffman; Les Kaufman; Michael Heithaus; Neil Hammerschlag (Aquatic Ecology, 2019)

Tree species diversity and spatial distribution patterns on agricultural landscapes in sub-humid Oromia, Ethiopia - Dawit Samuel; Abayneh Derero; Zerihun Kebebew; Kiros M. Hadgu (Agroforestry Systems, 2019)

Evaluation of Simulated CO2 Concentrations from the CarbonTracker-Asia Model Using In-situ Observations over East Asia for 2009–2013 - Samuel Takele Kenea; Young-Suk Oh; Jae-Sang Rhee; Tae-Young Goo; Young-Hwa Byun; Shanlan Li; Lev D. Labzovskii; Haeyoung Lee; Robert F. Banks (Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2019)

Quantification of historical drought conditions over different climatic zones of Nigeria - Samuel Ogunjo; Oluwatobi Ife-Adediran; Eunice Owoola; Ibiyinka Fuwape (Acta Geophysica, 2019)

Effects of life history and reproduction on recruitment time lags in reintroductions of rare plants - Matthew A. Albrecht; Oyomoare L. Osazuwa‐Peters; Joyce Maschinski; Timothy J. Bell; Marlin L. Bowles; William E. Brumback; Janice Duquesnel; Michael Kunz; Jimmy Lange; Kimberlie A. McCue; A. Kathryn McEachern; Sheila Murray; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2019)
Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long‐term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short‐term (e.g., ≤3 years) survival and flowering of founder individuals rather than on benchmarks of intergenerational persistence, such as seedling recruitment. However, short‐term metrics may obscure outcomes because the unique demographic properties of reintroductions, including small size and unstable stage structure, could create lags in population growth. We used time‐to‐event analysis on a database of unusually well‐monitored and long‐term (4–28 years) reintroductions of 27 rare plant species to test whether life‐history traits and population characteristics of reintroductions create time‐lagged responses in seedling recruitment (i.e., recruitment time lags [RTLs]), an important benchmark of success and indicator of persistence in reintroduced populations. Recruitment time lags were highly variable among reintroductions, ranging from

Drying Kinetics and Quality Characteristics of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in Solar–Electrical Hybrid Dryer - S. Murali; K. Sathish Kumar; P. V. Alfiya; D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya; Manoj P. Samuel (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2019)

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A: occurrence and contamination levels in cocoa beans from Brazil - Polyane Novais Pires; Eugênia Azevedo Vargas; Mateus Batista Gomes; Caroline Brasil Melo Vieira; Eliene Alves dos Santos; Ana Angélica Cangussu Bicalho; Samuel de Carvalho Silva; Rachel Passos Rezende; Idjane Santana De Oliveira; Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz; Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2019)

Ty-6, a major begomovirus resistance gene on chromosome 10, is effective against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato mottle virus - Upinder Gill; John W. Scott; Reza Shekasteband; Eben Ogundiwin; Cees Schuit; David M. Francis; Sung-Chur Sim; Hugh Smith; Samuel F. Hutton (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2019)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in Adults with HIV Infection - A. R. Kallianpur; H. Gittleman; S. Letendre; R. Ellis; J. S. Barnholtz-Sloan; W. S. Bush; R. Heaton; D. C. Samuels; D. R. Franklin; D. Rosario-Cookson; D. B. Clifford; A. C. Collier; et al. (Molecular Neurobiology, 2019)

Forward to the GRAPEX special issue - William P. Kustas; Nurit Agam; Samuel Ortega-Farias (Irrigation Science, 2019)

Wind-Induced Hydrodynamic Interactions With Aquatic Vegetation in a Fetch-Limited Setting: Implications for Coastal Sedimentation and Protection - Anne-Eleonore Paquier; Samuel Meulé; Edward J. Anthony; Philippe Larroudé; Guillaume Bernard (Estuaries and Coasts, 2019)

Projections of southern hemisphere tropical cyclone track density using CMIP5 models - Samuel S. Bell; Savin S. Chand; Kevin J. Tory; Andrew J. Dowdy; Chris Turville; Harvey Ye (Climate Dynamics, 2019)

Iron Deficiency Reduces Synapse Formation in the Drosophila Clock Circuit - Samuel S. Rudisill; Bradley R. Martin; Kevin M. Mankowski; Charles R. Tessier (Biological Trace Element Research, 2019)

Priority effects of wheat seed endophytes on a rhizosphere symbiosis - Mary E. Ridout; Kurtis L. Schroeder; Samuel S. Hunter; James Styer; George Newcombe (Symbiosis, 2019)

Photoprotective benefits of pigmentation in the transparent plankton community: a comparative species experimental test - Samuel M. Bashevkin; John H. Christy; Steven G. Morgan (Ecology, 2019)
Plankton live under the countervailing selective pressures of predation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In lakes, zooplankton are transparent reducing visibility to predatory fishes but are pigmented in the absence of fishes, hypothetically reducing UVR damage. In the sea, planktivorous fishes are widespread, so plankton typically are transparent and ascend to productive surface waters at night to forage and descend during the day to reduce visibility to predators. However, larvae of some species face the unique constraint of traveling in surface currents in the daytime during migrations between adult and larval habitats. We would expect these larvae to be transparent since companion studies demonstrated increased predation risk of pigmented larvae under strong sunlight. Paradoxically, larvae range from being darkly to lightly pigmented. We hypothesize that some larvae are more heavily pigmented to reduce UVR damage, while other species travelling in subsurface currents with low UVR might be more transparent. Linking larval morphology to depth‐dependent selective pressures would add a key element to help improve predictions of larval vertical distributions, which are important for simulating larval transport trajectories. We quantitatively tested the hypothesis that selection may have favored photoprotective pigmentation for larvae in the predominantly transparent plankton community while testing the differential effects of UVA and UVB radiation. We measured larval pigmentation of 12 species of crabs and exposed them to visible light only, visible + UVA, or visible + UVA + UVB in the tropics. Controlling for phylogeny, more pigmented species survived UVR better than less pigmented species, especially on sunnier days, though intraspecific comparisons for four species were equivocal. Most species died even from UVA exposure, which has long been regarded as relatively harmless despite penetrating deeper underwater than UVB. Thus, we demonstrate with a phylogenetically controlled analysis that crab larvae are pigmented in the predominantly transparent planktonic community to protect from UVR, improving our understanding of the selective forces acting on animal coloration and the factors determining planktonic distributions, survival, and dispersal. This linkage of morphology with susceptibility will be important for developing mechanistic models of environmental stress responses to better predict larval dispersal in current and future climates.

High Resolution Shoreline and Shelly Ridge Monitoring over Stormy Winter Events: A Case Study in the Megatidal Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (France) - Antoine Mury; Matthieu Jeanson; Antoine Collin; Dorothée James; Samuel Etienne (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2019)
In the current context of decadal global changes and predicted sea level rise, annual erosion is one of the most obvious indicators of threats to coastal systems. Shoreline monitoring during high energy events is therefore a crucial action to prevent and alleviate future coastal risks. However, most studies look at this on a regional issue basis with limited resolution, and with limited support from field observations. This study addresses this lack by focusing on high resolution (HR) shoreline surveys, combined with wave measurements, in the megatidal Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel. The salt marsh vegetation line and the inner margin of shelly ridges were selected as markers of the stabilized shoreline, to follow its evolution during two high energy winter events, from February 18 to 24, 2015 and from March 19 to 24, 2015, in two different study sites. A transdisciplinary methodology was adopted which included: (1) in situ wave measurements with pressure sensors, (2) topographical data acquisition using a differential GPS, and (3) in silico observations of the shoreline movements through HR aerial and satellite imageries. Our findings highlighted the positive linkage between significant wave height and erosion rate (ranging from 0 to 60.9 m), as well as the variability of coastline responses depending on the geomorphic features.

A Harmonized Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Ocean Observation Network for the 21st Century - Hermann W. Bange; Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez; Mercedes de la Paz; Laura Farías; Jan Kaiser; Annette Kock; Cliff S. Law; Andrew P. Rees; Gregor Rehder; Philippe D. Tortell; Robert C. Upstill-Goddard; Samuel T. Wilson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Posterior Communicating Collaterals of the Circle of Willis - James E. Faber; Hua Zhang; Wojciech Rzechorzek; Kathy Z. Dai; Benjamin T. Summers; Cooper Blazek; Samuel J. Hedges (Translational Stroke Research, 2019)

Human altered disturbance patterns and forest succession: impacts of competition and ungulate herbivory - Jordan D. Maxwell; Aaron C. Rhodes; Samuel B. St. Clair (Oecologia, 2019)

Meeting report: 32nd international mammalian genome conference - Jacob Moskowitz; Lauren Tracey; Samuel Widmayer; Beth Dumont (Mammalian Genome, 2019)

Impact of long-term seaweed farming on water quality: a case study from Palk Bay, India - K. R. Abhilash; R. Sankar; R. Purvaja; Samuel V. Deepak; C. R. Sreeraj; P. Krishnan; V. Sekar; Amit K. Biswas; G. Kumarapandiyan; R. Ramesh (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2019)

Hereditary colorectal cancer diagnostics in southern Sweden: retrospective evaluation and future considerations with emphasis on Lynch syndrome - Isabelle Henriksson; Karin Henriksson; Hans Ehrencrona; Samuel Gebre-Medhin (Journal of Community Genetics, 2019)

Toreforant, an orally active histamine H4-receptor antagonist, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate: mechanism of action results from a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled synovial biopsy study - David L. Boyle; Samuel E. DePrimo; Cesar Calderon; Dion Chen; Paul J. Dunford; William Barchuk; Gary S. Firestein; Robin L. Thurmond (Inflammation Research, 2019)

Modern wheat semi-dwarfs root deep on demand: response of rooting depth to drought in a set of Swiss era wheats covering 100 years of breeding - Cordula N. Friedli; Samuel Abiven; Dario Fossati; Andreas Hund (Euphytica, 2019)
Breeding for enhanced rooting depth and root biomass in deeper soil layers is a promising strategy to adapt wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants to drought periods. We evaluated (1) the extent of indirect selection of root traits during the last century of wheat breeding and (2) how it affected the variety performance under well-watered conditions compared to gradually developing drought stress. Fourteen bread wheat genotypes covering 100 years of Swiss wheat breeding were grown in 1.6 m tall columns in the greenhouse under well-watered and drought conditions. Root parameters, such as rooting depth and root biomass and above ground parameters were determined at flowering and maturity. Rooting depth showed a negative trend in response to year of release under well-watered conditions but not under early water stress. Modern varieties responded with enhanced root allocation to deeper soil layers. Consequently, rooting depth was positively correlated with plant height at well-watered conditions but not under early water stress. Considerable genetic variation for rooting depth among modern varieties indicates that the trait is selectable without strong alteration of plant height. We conclude that modern varieties adjusted rooting depth to water demand.

Orchard management under the effects of climate change: implications for apple, plum, and almond growing - Manuel Alexandru Gitea; Daniela Gitea; Delia Mirela Tit; Lavinia Purza; Alina Dora Samuel; Simona Bungău; Gabriela Elena Badea; Lotfi Aleya (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

A Global Assessment of the Effects of Eucalyptus Plantations on Stream Ecosystem Functioning - Verónica Ferreira; Luz Boyero; Clementina Calvo; Francisco Correa; Ricardo Figueroa; José Francisco Gonçalves; Guillermo Goyenola; Manuel A. S. Graça; Luiz U. Hepp; Samuel Kariuki; Anahí López-Rodríguez; Néstor Mazzeo; et al. (Ecosystems, 2019)

Correction to: Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs: are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species? - Rachel E. Ball; Barbara Serra-Pereira; Jim Ellis; Martin J. Genner; Samuel Iglésias; Andrew F. Johnson; Catherine S. Jones; Rob Leslie; Jennifer Lewis; Stefano Mariani; Gui Menezes; Francis Neat; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2019)

Assessing the aptitude of vesicular volcanic rocks as pozzolanic sources for supplementary cementitious materials - Samuel Estifanos; Asmelash Abay; Miruts Hagos; Gebreslassie Mebrahtu (Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2019)

Modeling sediment texture of river-deltaic wetlands in the Lower Barataria Bay and Lower Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA - An Li; Frank T.-C. Tsai; Kehui Xu; Jiaze Wang; Crawford M. White; Samuel J. Bentley; Qin J. Chen (Geo-Marine Letters, 2019)

Journal Club - Jochen Graw; Rebecca Halbach; Volkmar Braun; Lennart Randau; Johannes Sander; Andreas Seiffert-Störiko; Benedikt Moissl; Martin Daus; Martina Adamek; Fabian M. Commichau; Gerhart Drews; Jeroen S. Dickschat; et al. (BIOspektrum, 2019)

Growth dynamics of endemic Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. of Socotra Island suggest essential elements for a conservation strategy - Petr Maděra; Hana Habrová; Martin Šenfeldr; Irena Kholová; Samuel Lvončík; Lenka Ehrenbergerová; Matěj Roth; Nadezhda Nadezhdina; Petr Němec; Jonathan Rosenthal; Jindřich Pavliš (Biologia, 2019)

Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Solubility of Quinoline: Back-to-Basics - M. Teresa Carvajal; Samuel Yalkowsky (AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019)

Understanding Hurricane Storm Surge Generation and Propagation Using a Forecasting Model, Forecast Advisories and Best Track in a Wind Model, and Observed Data—Case Study Hurricane Rita - Abram Musinguzi; Muhammad K. Akbar; Jason G. Fleming; Samuel K. Hargrove (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2019)
Meteorological forcing is the primary driving force and primary source of errors for storm surge forecasting. The objective of this study was to learn how forecasted meteorological forcing influences storm surge generation and propagation during a hurricane so that storm surge models can be reliably used to forecast actual events. Hindcasts and forecasts of Hurricane Rita (2005) storm surge was used as a case study. Meteorological forcing or surface wind/pressure fields for Hurricane Rita were generated using both the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) full-scale forecasting model along with archived hurricane advisories ingested into a sophisticated parametric wind model, namely Generalized Asymmetric Holland Model (GAHM). These wind fields were used to forecast Rita storm surges. Observation based wind fields from the OceanWeather Inc. (OWI) Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) model, and Best track wind data ingested into the GAHM model were used to generate wind fields for comparison purposes. These wind fields were all used to hindcast Rita storm surges with the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model in a tightly coupled storm surge-wave model referred to as ADCIRC+SWAN. The surge results were compared against a quality-controlled database of observed data to assess the performance of these wind fields on storm surge generation and propagation. The surge hindcast produced by the OWI wind field performed the best, although some high water mark (HWM) locations were overpredicted. Although somewhat underpredicted, the WRF wind fields forecasted wider surge extent and wetted most HWM locations. The hindcast using the Best track parameters in the GAHM and the forecast using forecast/advisories from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in the GAHM produced strong and narrow wind fields causing localized high surges, which resulted in overprediction near landfall while many HWM locations away from wind bands remained dry.

The microgenderome revealed: sex differences in bidirectional interactions between the microbiota, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility - Ravichandra Vemuri; Kristyn E. Sylvia; Sabra L. Klein; Samuel C. Forster; Magdalena Plebanski; Raj Eri; Katie L. Flanagan (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2019)

Facial and genital lesions in baboons (Papio anubis) of Kibale National Park, Uganda - Thomas T. Struhsaker; Samuel Angedakin; Anja Landsmann (Primates, 2019)

Introduction to the Special Issue on the Utility of Transdiagnostic Approaches for Developing Novel Interventions for Substance and Behavioural Addictions - Murat Yücel; Leonardo F. Fontenelle; Samuel R. Chamberlain (Neuropsychology Review, 2019)