Markets and climate are driving rapid change in farming practices in Savannah West Africa - Mathieu Ouédraogo; Robert Zougmoré; Abdoulaye S. Moussa; Samuel T. Partey; Philip K. Thornton; Patti Kristjanson; Ndèye Y. B. Ndour; Léopold Somé; Jesse Naab; Moussa Boureima; Lamissa Diakité; Carlos Quiros (Regional Environmental Change, 2017)
Agricultural practices have constantly changed in West Africa, and understanding the factors that have driven the changes may help guide strategies to promote sustainable agriculture in the region. To contribute to such efforts, this paper analyzes drivers of change in farming practices in the region using data obtained from surveys of 700 farming households in five countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Senegal). The results showed that farmers have adopted various practices in response to the challenges they have faced during the last decade. A series of logit models showed that most changes farmers made to their practices are undertaken for multiple reasons. Land use and management changes including expanding farmed areas and using mineral fertilization and manure are positively related to perceived changes in the climate, such as more erratic rainfall. Planting new varieties, introducing new crops, crop rotation, expanding farmed area and using pesticides are positively associated with new market opportunities. Farm practices that require relatively high financial investment such as use of pesticides, drought-tolerant varieties and improved seeds were positively associated with the provision of technical and financial support for farmers through development projects and policies. Changes in markets and climate are both helping to promote needed changes in farming practices in West Africa. Therefore, policies that foster the development of markets for agricultural products, and improved weather- and climate-related information linked to knowledge of appropriate agricultural innovations in different environments are needed.

Zinc supply impacts on the relative expression of a metallothionein-like gene in Coffea arabica plants - Bárbara Castanheira Ferrara Barbosa; Samuel Chaves Silva; Raphael Ricon de Oliveira; Antonio Chalfun (Plant and Soil, 2017)

Small reductions in corolla size and pollen: ovule ratio, but no changes in flower shape in selfing populations of the North American Arabidopsis lyrata - Samuel Carleial; Mark van Kleunen; Marc Stift (Oecologia, 2017)

Hepatic mobilization of zinc after an experimental surgery, and its relationship with inflammatory cytokines release, and expression of metallothionein and Zip14 transporter - Violeta Aburto-Luna; Samuel Treviño; Gerardo Santos-López; Diana Moroni-González; Oscar Calva-Cruz; Patricia Aguilar-Alonso; Bertha Alicia León-Chávez; Eduardo Brambila (Inflammation Research, 2017)

Complete mitochondrial genome from South American catfish Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (Eigenmann & Eigenmann) and its impact in Siluriformes phylogenetic tree - Luciana Cristine Vasques Villela; Anderson Luis Alves; Eduardo Sousa Varela; Michel Eduardo Beleza Yamagishi; Poliana Fernanda Giachetto; Naiara Milagres Augusto da Silva; Josi Margarete Ponzetto; Samuel Rezende Paiva; Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano (Genetica, 2017)

High levels of mercury in wetland resources from three river basins in Ghana: a concern for public health - Francis Gbogbo; Samuel D. Otoo; Robert Quaye Huago; Obed Asomaning (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Veterinary pharmaceuticals in aqueous systems and associated effects: an update - Samuel Obimakinde; Olalekan Fatoki; Beatrice Opeolu; Olatunde Olatunji (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Characterization of bedload intermittency near the threshold of motion using a Lagrangian sediment transport model - Christian González; David H. Richter; Diogo Bolster; Samuel Bateman; Joseph Calantoni; Cristián Escauriaza (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2017)

Genome characterization of a bovine papillomavirus type 5 from cattle in the Amazon region, Brazil - Flavio R. C. da Silva; Cíntia Daudt; Samuel P. Cibulski; Matheus N. Weber; Ana Paula M. Varela; Fabiana Q. Mayer; Paulo M. Roehe; Cláudio W. Canal (Virus Genes, 2017)

Zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas9 RNA successfully modifies the target gene without delaying blastocyst development or altering the sex ratio in pigs - Kristin M. Whitworth; Joshua A. Benne; Lee D. Spate; Stephanie L. Murphy; Melissa S. Samuel; Clifton N. Murphy; Jürgen A. Richt; Eric Walters; Randall S. Prather; Kevin D. Wells (Transgenic Research, 2017)

Response to Druwe and Burgoon, 2016 Letter to the Editor in Archives of Toxicology - Samuel M. Cohen; Jay I. Goodman; James E. Klaunig; Lora L. Arnold (Archives of Toxicology, 2017)

Coenzyme Q10 protects renal proximal tubule cells against nicotine-induced apoptosis through induction of p66shc-dependent antioxidant responses - Istvan Arany; Anthony Carter; Samuel Hall; Tibor Fulop; Mehul Dixit (Apoptosis, 2017)

Predatory beetles in cacao agroforestry systems in Brazilian Atlantic forest: a test of the natural enemy hypothesis - Samuel M. A. Novais; Luiz E. Macedo-Reis; Frederico S. Neves (Agroforestry Systems, 2017)

Transcriptomic imprints of adaptation to fresh water: parallel evolution of osmoregulatory gene expression in the Alewife - Jonathan P. Velotta; Jill L. Wegrzyn; Samuel Ginzburg; Lin Kang; Sergiusz Czesny; Rachel J. O'Neill; Stephen D. McCormick; Pawel Michalak; Eric T. Schultz (Molecular Ecology, 2017)
Comparative approaches in physiological genomics offer an opportunity to understand the functional importance of genes involved in niche exploitation. We used populations of Alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) to explore the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie adaptation to fresh water. Ancestrally anadromous Alewives have recently formed multiple, independently derived, landlocked populations, which exhibit reduced tolerance of saltwater and enhanced tolerance of fresh water. Using RNA ‐seq, we compared transcriptional responses of an anadromous Alewife population to two landlocked populations after acclimation to fresh (0 ppt) and saltwater (35 ppt). Our results suggest that the gill transcriptome has evolved in primarily discordant ways between independent landlocked populations and their anadromous ancestor. By contrast, evolved shifts in the transcription of a small suite of well‐characterized osmoregulatory genes exhibited a strong degree of parallelism. In particular, transcription of genes that regulate gill ion exchange has diverged in accordance with functional predictions: freshwater ion‐uptake genes (most notably, the ‘freshwater paralog’ of Na + /K + ‐ ATP ase α‐subunit) were more highly expressed in landlocked forms, whereas genes that regulate saltwater ion secretion (e.g. the ‘saltwater paralog’ of NKA α) exhibited a blunted response to saltwater. Parallel divergence of ion transport gene expression is associated with shifts in salinity tolerance limits among landlocked forms, suggesting that changes to the gill's transcriptional response to salinity facilitate freshwater adaptation.

Variability of runoff‐based drought conditions in the conterminous U nited S tates - Gregory J. McCabe; David M. Wolock; Samuel H. Austin (International Journal of Climatology, 2017)
In this study, a monthly water‐balance model is used to simulate monthly runoff for 2109 hydrologic units ( HUs ) in the conterminous United States ( CONUS ) for water‐years 1901 through 2014. The monthly runoff time series for each HU were smoothed with a 3‐month moving average, and then the 3‐month moving‐average runoff values were converted to percentiles. For each HU , a drought was considered to occur when the HU runoff percentile dropped to the 20th percentile or lower. A drought was considered to end when the HU runoff percentile exceeded the 20th percentile. After identifying drought events for each HU , the frequency and length of drought events were examined. Results indicated that (1) the longest mean drought lengths occur in the eastern CONUS and parts of the Rocky Mountain region and the northwestern CONUS , (2) the frequency of drought is highest in the southwestern and central CONUS , and lowest in the eastern CONUS , the Rocky Mountain region, and the northwestern CONUS , (3) droughts have occurred during all months of the year and there does not appear to be a seasonal pattern to drought occurrence, (4) the variability of precipitation appears to have been the principal climatic factor determining drought, and (5) for most of the CONUS , drought frequency appears to have decreased during the 1901 through 2014 period.

Richer histories for more relevant policies: 42 years of tree cover loss and gain in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia - Lisa C. Kelley; Samuel G. Evans; Matthew D. Potts (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Understandings of contemporary forest cover loss are critical for policy but have come at the expense of long‐term, multidirectional analyses of land cover change. This is a critical gap given (i) profound reconfigurations in land use and land control over the past several decades and (ii) evidence of widespread ‘woodland resurgence’ throughout the tropics. In this study, we argue that recent advancements within the field of land change science provide new opportunities to address this gap. In turn, we suggest that multidecadal and multidirectional analyses of land cover change can facilitate richer social analyses of land cover change and more relevant conservation policies and practice. Our argument is grounded in a case study from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using a novel analytical platform, Google Earth Engine, and open access to high‐quality Landsat data, we map land cover change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 1972 to 2014. We find that tree cover loss constitutes the single largest net change over the period 1972–2014 but that gross rates of tree cover gain were three times higher than gross loss rates from 1972 to 1995 and equivalent to loss rates from 1995 to 2014. We suggest the smallholder tree crop economy likely produced both forest loss and Imperata grassland restoration in this region. This case points to the need to expand rather than collapse the baselines used to study carbon and biodiversity change in tropical regions. It also demonstrates the possible utility of applying such methods to other regions.

The temporal structure of the environment may influence range expansions during climate warming - Samuel B. Fey; Daniel J. Wieczynski (Global Change Biology, 2017)
Understanding the processes that influence range expansions during climate warming is paramount for predicting population extirpations and preparing for the arrival of non‐native species. While climate warming occurs over a background of variation due to cyclical processes and irregular events, the temporal structure of the thermal environment is largely ignored when forecasting the dynamics of non‐native species. Ecological theory predicts that high levels of temporal autocorrelation in the environment – relatedness between conditions occurring in close temporal proximity – will favor populations that would otherwise have an average negative growth rate by increasing the duration of favorable environmental periods. Here, we invoke such theory to explain the success of biological invasions and evaluate the hypothesis that sustained periods of high environmental temperature can act synergistically with increases in mean temperature to favor the establishment of non‐native species. We conduct a 60‐day field mesocosm experiment to measure the population dynamics of the non‐native cladoceran zooplankter Daphnia lumholtzi and a native congener Daphnia pulex in ambient temperature environments (control), warmed with recurrent periods of high environmental temperatures (uncorrelated‐warmed), or warmed with sustained periods of high environmental temperatures (autocorrelated‐warmed), such that both warmed treatments exhibited the same mean temperature but exhibited different temporal structures of their thermal environments. Maximum D. lumholtzi densities in the warmed‐autocorrelated treatment were threefold and eightfold higher relative to warmed‐uncorrelated and control treatments, respectively. Yet, D. lumholtzi performed poorly across all experimental treatments relative to D. pulex and were undetectable by the end of the experiment. Using mathematical models, we show that this increase in performance can occur alongside increasing temporal autocorrelation and should occur over a broad range of warming scenarios. These results provide both empirical and theoretical evidence that the temporal structure of the environment can influence the performance of species undergoing range expansions due to climate warming.

Philopatry and Regional Connectivity of the Great Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna mokarran in the U.S. and Bahamas - Tristan L. Guttridge; Maurits P. M. Van Zinnicq Bergmann; Chris Bolte; Lucy A. Howey; Jean S. Finger; Steven T. Kessel; Jill L. Brooks; William Winram; Mark E. Bond; Lance K. B. Jordan; Rachael C. Cashman; Emily R. Tolentino; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Coagulase-Positive and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Ready-to-Eat Sashimi - Ana T. Moura; Cristina Saraiva; Samuel Miguéis; Alexandra Esteves; Maria C. Fontes (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2017)

Long-term changes in the spatial distribution of lumpy skin disease hotspots in Zimbabwe - Samuel Swiswa; Mhosisi Masocha; Davies M. Pfukenyi; Solomon Dhliwayo; Silvester M. Chikerema (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2017)

Investigating chaotic features in solar radiation over a tropical station using recurrence quantification analysis - Samuel T. Ogunjo; Adekunle T. Adediji; Joseph B. Dada (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2017)

Perceived stressors of climate vulnerability across scales in the Savannah zone of Ghana: a participatory approach - Philip Antwi-Agyei; Claire Helen Quinn; Samuel Godfried Kwasi Adiku; Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe; Andrew John Dougill; Richard Lamboll; Delali Benjamin Komla Dovie (Regional Environmental Change, 2017)

Alcohol acutely enhances decoding of positive emotions and emotional concern for positive stimuli and facilitates the viewing of sexual images - Patrick C. Dolder; Friederike Holze; Evangelia Liakoni; Samuel Harder; Yasmin Schmid; Matthias E. Liechti (Psychopharmacology, 2017)

The effect of habitat disturbance on the abundance of nocturnal lemur species on the Masoala Peninsula, northeastern Madagascar - Rachel Mary Sawyer; Zo Samuel Ella Fenosoa; Aristide Andrianarimisa; Giuseppe Donati (Primates, 2017)

Dysregulation of ErbB Receptor Trafficking and Signaling in Demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease - Samuel M. Lee; Lih-Shen Chin; Lian Li (Molecular Neurobiology, 2017)

Metastatic liver tumour segmentation with a neural network-guided 3D deformable model - Eugene Vorontsov; An Tang; David Roy; Christopher J. Pal; Samuel Kadoury (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2017)

Extracellular enzyme activity suggests phosphorus limitation of biofilm productivity in acid mine drainage remediated streams - Samuel A. Drerup; Morgan L. Vis (Hydrobiologia, 2017)

Differentiating swelling and hypertrophy through indirect assessment of muscle damage in untrained men following repeated bouts of resistance exercise - Samuel L. Buckner; Scott J. Dankel; Kevin T. Mattocks; Matthew B. Jessee; J. Grant Mouser; Brittany R. Counts; Gilberto C. Laurentino; Jeremy P. Loenneke (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2017)

The causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and agricultural ecosystem—an econometric approach - Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie; Phebe Asantewaa Owusu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Toxic effect of two kinds of mineral collectors on soil microbial richness and activity: analysis by microcalorimetry, microbial count, and enzyme activity assay - Prudence Bararunyeretse; Jun Yao; Yunrong Dai; Samuel Bigawa; Zunwei Guo; Mijia Zhu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)

Blubber cortisol qualitatively reflects circulating cortisol concentrations in bottlenose dolphins - Cory D. Champagne; Nicholas M. Kellar; Daniel E. Crocker; Samuel K. Wasser; Rebecca K. Booth; Marisa L. Trego; Dorian S. Houser (Marine Mammal Science, 2017)
Stress hormones, released into circulation as a consequence of disturbance, are classically assayed from blood samples but may also be detected in a variety of matrices. Blubber and fecal samples can be remotely collected from free‐ranging cetaceans without the confounding hormone elevations associated with chase, capture, and handling required to collect blood samples. The relationship between cortisol concentrations in circulation with that of blubber and feces, however, is unknown. To assess these associations, we elevated cortisol by orally administering hydrocortisone for five days in five bottlenose dolphins. Voluntary blood and fecal samples were collected daily; blubber biopsies were collected on day one, just prior to hydrocortisone administration, and days three and five of hydrocortisone administration. We evaluated subsequent changes in several circulating stress hormones as well as cortisol and glucocorticoid metabolites in blubber and feces, respectively. There was a significant association between cortisol levels in serum and in blubber ( F 1,12.7 = 14.3, P mR 2 = 0.57) despite substantial variability in blubber cortisol levels. Counterintuitively, fecal cortisol metabolite levels were inversely related to serum cortisol. The relationship between serum and blubber cortisol levels suggests blubber samples from remote sampling may be useful to detect stress loads in this species.

Temporal variability of nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen export at Station ALOHA - Daniela Böttjer; John E. Dore; David M. Karl; Ricardo M. Letelier; Claire Mahaffey; Samuel T. Wilson; Jonathan Zehr; Matthew J. Church (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
We present nearly 9 yrs (June 2005–December 2013) of measurements of upper‐ocean (0 m to 125 m) dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation rates, coupled with particulate nitrogen (PN) export at 150 m, from Station ALOHA (22° 45′N, 158°W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Between June 2005 and June 2012, N 2 fixation rates were measured based on adding the 15 N 2 tracer as a gas bubble. Beginning in August 2012, 15 N 2 was first dissolved into filtered seawater and the 15 N 2 ‐enriched water was subsequently added to N 2 fixation incubations. Direct comparisons between methodologies revealed a robust relationship, with the addition of 15 N 2 ‐enriched seawater resulting in twofold greater depth‐integrated rates than those derived from adding a 15 N 2 gas bubble. Based on this relationship, we corrected the initial period of measurements, and the resulting rates of N 2 fixation averaged 230 ± 136 μmol N m −2 d −1 for the full time series ( n = 71). Analysis of the 15 N isotopic composition of sinking PN, together with an isotope mass balance model, revealed that N 2 fixation supported 26–47% of PN export during calendar years 2006–2013. The N export derived from these fractional contributions and measured N 2 fixation rates ranged between 502 and 919 μmol N m −2 d −1 , which are equivalent to rates of net community production (NCP) of 1.5 to 2.7 mol C m −2 yr −1 , consistent with previous independent estimates of NCP at this site.

The sedimentary history of the inner‐alpine Inn Valley, Austria: extending the Baumkirchen type section further back in time with new drilling - Samuel Barrett; Reinhard Starnberger; Rik Tjallingii; Achim Brauer; Christoph Spötl (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2017)
The Baumkirchen clay pit near Innsbruck, western Austria, is a well‐known site in Alpine Quaternary stratigraphy. Lacustrine sediments from the last glacial cycle from within the Alps provide a unique opportunity to investigate the regional palaeoclimate. Recent drilling has extended the known sequence to a total length of at least 250 m consisting of almost entirely well‐laminated clayey silt. Luminescence dating identified two lake sequences, separated by a hiatus of ca. 7000–15 000 years. Lake phase 1 spans the period ca. 77–55 ka, i.e. from about Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 to the MIS 4/3 transition. Lake phase 2 extends from mid‐ to late MIS 3 between ca. 45 and 33 ka. Down‐core X‐ray fluorescence core scanning confirmed the presence of the lake phases in the sediment composition, suggesting different sediment sources and/or transport mechanisms during these two intervals. A unique section of exotic, angular, silt matrix‐supported gravel at the top of lake phase 1 is interpreted as ice‐rafted debris. Luminescence dating constrains this layer to ca. 55 ka, thus providing the first evidence of a late MIS 4 or early MIS 3 ice advance confined to the interior of the Eastern Alps. A conceptual model of the sedimentary history of the valley is presented.

Genome‐wide association of functional traits linked with C ampylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork - Koji Yahara; Guillaume Méric; Aidan J. Taylor; Stefan P. W. de Vries; Susan Murray; Ben Pascoe; Leonardos Mageiros; Alicia Torralbo; Ana Vidal; Anne Ridley; Sho Komukai; Helen Wimalarathna; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Summary Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7343 MLST‐characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST‐21 and ST‐45 complexes identified genetic elements over‐represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease‐associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368‐70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.

Normal phase HPLC-based activity profiling of non-polar crude plant extracts – acetylcholinesterase inhibiting guttiferones from Montrouziera cauliflora as a case study - Anne Landreau; Samuel Bertrand; Claudia Simoes-Pires; Laurence Marcourt; Dang Bach Taï; Marc Litaudon; David Guilet; Pascal Richomme; Pierre-Alain Carrupt; Jean-Luc Wolfender (Natural Product Research, 2016)

Chicken parvovirus viral loads in cloacal swabs from malabsorption syndrome-affected and healthy broilers - Fabrine Finkler; Diane Alves de Lima; Cristine Cerva; Samuel Paulo Cibulski; Thais Fumaco Teixeira; Helton Fernandes dos Santos; Laura Lopes de Almeida; Paulo Michel Roehe; Ana Cláudia Franco (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2016)

Tsunami Detection by High-Frequency Radar Beyond the Continental Shelf - Stéphan T. Grilli; Samuel Grosdidier; Charles-Antoine Guérin (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2016)

Association between PNPLA3 (rs738409), LYPLAL1 (rs12137855), PPP1R3B (rs4240624), GCKR (rs780094), and elevated transaminase levels in overweight/obese Mexican adults - Yvonne N. Flores; Rafael Velázquez-Cruz; Paula Ramírez; Manuel Bañuelos; Zuo-Feng Zhang; Hal F. Yee; Shen-Chih Chang; Samuel Canizales-Quinteros; Manuel Quiterio; Guillermo Cabrera-Alvarez; Nelly Patiño; Jorge Salmerón (Molecular Biology Reports, 2016)

Effects of Hypericum perforatum hydroalcoholic extract, hypericin, and hyperforin on cytotoxicity and CYP3A4 mRNA expression in hepatic cell lines: a comparative study - Ana Martinho; Sara M. Silva; Sara Garcia; Ivo Moreno; Luiza Breitenfeld Granadeiro; Gilberto Alves; Ana Paula Duarte; Fernanda Domingues; Samuel Silvestre; Eugenia Gallardo (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2016)

Neuroinflammation in liver disease: sessional talks from ISHEN - Gavin Wright; Mark Swain; Djillali Annane; Faouzi Saliba; Didier Samuel; Vicente Arroyo; Sharon DeMorrow; Anne Witt (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Urbanization, regime type and durability, and environmental degradation in Ghana - Samuel Adams; Philip Kofi Adom; Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Status of stem cells in diabetic nephropathy: predictive and preventive potentials - Babak Baban; Jun Yao Liu; Samuel Payne; Worku Abebe; Jack C. Yu; Mahmood S. Mozaffari (EPMA Journal, 2016)

Thermal treatment of plasma-synthesized goethite improves Fenton-like degradation of orange II dye - Antoine Tiya-Djowe; Serge Nzali; Estella T. Njoyim; Samuel Laminsi; Eric M. Gaigneaux (Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2016)

In vivo and in vitro sustained release of ranibizumab from a nanoporous thin-film device - Kevin D. Lance; Daniel A. Bernards; Natalie A. Ciaccio; Samuel D. Good; Thaís S. Mendes; Max Kudisch; Elliot Chan; Mynna Ishikiriyama; Robert B. Bhisitkul; Tejal A. Desai (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2016)

Hybridisation among groupers (genus Cephalopholis) at the eastern Indian Ocean suture zone: taxonomic and evolutionary implications - Samuel D. Payet; Jean-Paul A. Hobbs; Joseph D. DiBattista; Stephen J. Newman; Tane Sinclair-Taylor; Michael L. Berumen; Jennifer L. McIlwain (Coral Reefs, 2016)

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research - Lacey E. Dobrolecki; Susie D. Airhart; Denis G. Alferez; Samuel Aparicio; Fariba Behbod; Mohamed Bentires-Alj; Cathrin Brisken; Carol J. Bult; Shirong Cai; Robert B. Clarke; Heidi Dowst; Matthew J. Ellis; et al. (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2016)

Towards management of invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi - Ian A. Dickie; Martin A. Nuñez; Anne Pringle; Teresa Lebel; Samuel G. Tourtellot; Peter R. Johnston (Biological Invasions, 2016)

QTL and Drought Effects on Leaf Physiology in Lowland Panicum virgatum - Samuel H. Taylor; David B. Lowry; Michael J. Aspinwall; Jason E. Bonnette; Philip A. Fay; Thomas E. Juenger (BioEnergy Research, 2016)

Response to Druwe and Burgoon - Samuel M. Cohen; Lora L. Arnold; James E. Klaunig; Jay I. Goodman (Archives of Toxicology, 2016)

Biogeographic variability in the physiological response of the cold‐water coral L ophelia pertusa to ocean acidification - Samuel E. Georgian; Sam Dupont; Melissa Kurman; Adam Butler; Susanna M. Strömberg; Ann I. Larsson; Erik E. Cordes (Marine Ecology, 2016)
While ocean acidification is a global issue, the severity of ecosystem effects is likely to vary considerably at regional scales. The lack of understanding of how biogeographically separated populations will respond to acidification hampers our ability to predict the future of vital ecosystems. Cold‐water corals are important drivers of biodiversity in ocean basins across the world and are considered one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. We tested the short‐term physiological response of the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa to three pH treatments (pH = 7.9, 7.75 and 7.6) for Gulf of Mexico (USA) and Tisler Reef (Norway) populations, and found that reductions in seawater pH elicited contrasting responses. Gulf of Mexico corals exhibited reductions in net calcification, respiration and prey capture rates with decreasing pH. In contrast, Tisler Reef corals showed only slight reductions in net calcification rates under decreased pH conditions while significantly elevating respiration and capture rates. These differences are likely the result of environmental differences (depth, pH, food supply) between the two regions, invoking the potential for local adaptation or acclimatization to alter their response to global change. However, it is also possible that variations in the methodology used in the experiments contributed to the observed differences. Regardless, these results provide insights into the resilience of L. pertusa to ocean acidification as well as the potential influence of regional differences on the viability of species in future oceans.

Integrating variations in the soil chloride profile and evaporativity for in-situ estimation of evaporation in arid zones: an application in south-eastern Morocco - Saïdati Bouhlassa; Bouchaib Ammary; Samuel Paré; Naima Safsaf (Hydrogeology Journal, 2016)

Aseptic hydroponics to assess rhamnolipid-Cd and rhamnolipid-Zn bioavailability for sunflower (Helianthus annuus): a phytoextraction mechanism study - Jia Wen; Mike J. McLaughlin; Samuel P. Stacey; Jason K. Kirby (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Effects of DNA supercoiling on chromatin architecture - Samuel Corless; Nick Gilbert (Biophysical Reviews, 2016)

Evidence for ongoing introduction of non-native earthworms in the Washington, DC metropolitan area - Mac A. Callaham; Bruce A. Snyder; Samuel W. James; Erik T. Oberg (Biological Invasions, 2016)

A new densovirus in cerebrospinal fluid from a case of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis - Tung Gia Phan; Kevin Messacar; Samuel R. Dominguez; Antonio Charlys da Costa; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Holocene range collapse of giant muntjacs and pseudo‐endemism in the Annamite large mammal fauna - Samuel T. Turvey; James Hansford; Selina Brace; Victoria Mullin; Shengxiao Gu; Guoping Sun (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim To clarify the post‐glacial biogeography of the Annamite and eastern Chinese ungulate faunas, and determine whether current understanding of Asian mammalian biogeography is biased by pseudo‐extinctions and pseudo‐endemism associated with a historical extinction filter. Location Modern‐day specimens of giant muntjac ( Muntiacus vuquangensis ) from the Annamite Mountains of Laos and Vietnam were compared with zooarchaeological specimens of extinct giant muntjac ( M. gigas ) from eastern China, and with a reference sample of northern red muntjac ( M. vaginalis ) from China, Southeast Asia and South Asia. Methods We analysed a data set of antler measurements using Multivariate analyses of variance ( MANOVA s), principal component analyses ( PCA s) and scaling relationships, to quantify morphometric variation between extinct and living giant muntjacs in relation to variation shown by a different sympatric large‐bodied muntjac species. We also attempted ancient biomolecule analysis of Holocene samples from China. Results Although the combined giant muntjac sample can be differentiated from the reference red muntjac sample in all of our multivariate morphometric analyses, no significant differences are shown between extinct and living giant muntjacs using any analyses, matching the pattern seen when comparing conspecific red muntjac samples from across the same geographical region. Main conclusions We find no support for recognizing extinct and living giant muntjacs as distinct taxa, and post‐glacial populations from China and the Annamites should probably all be referred to M. gigas . The likely conspecificity of giant muntjacs across Eastern and Southeast Asia demonstrates that current‐day Asian mammalian biogeography has been shaped by an extinction filter and challenges the idea that the Annamite region represents a cradle of evolution; instead, it may represent a refuge of diversity for some taxa, preserving remnant pseudo‐endemic populations of species that have been extirpated across other parts of their former ranges.

Chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer: infection, mortality, and implications for heterogeneous transmission - Michael D. Samuel; Daniel J. Storm (Ecology, 2016)
Chronic wasting disease ( CWD ) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting free‐ranging and captive cervids that now occurs in 24 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. Despite the potential threat of CWD to deer populations, little is known about the rates of infection and mortality caused by this disease. We used epidemiological models to estimate the force of infection and disease‐associated mortality for white‐tailed deer in the Wisconsin and Illinois CWD outbreaks. Models were based on age‐prevalence data corrected for bias in aging deer using the tooth wear and replacement method. Both male and female deer in the Illinois outbreak had higher corrected age‐specific prevalence with slightly higher female infection than deer in the Wisconsin outbreak. Corrected ages produced more complex models with different infection and mortality parameters than those based on apparent prevalence. We found that adult male deer have a more than threefold higher risk of CWD infection than female deer. Males also had higher disease mortality than female deer. As a result, CWD prevalence was twofold higher in adult males than females. We also evaluated the potential impacts of alternative contact structures on transmission dynamics in Wisconsin deer. Results suggested that transmission of CWD among male deer during the nonbreeding season may be a potential mechanism for producing higher rates of infection and prevalence characteristically found in males. However, alternatives based on high environmental transmission and transmission from females to males during the breeding season may also play a role.

Potential of the LASH model for water resources management in data-scarce basins: a case study of the Fragata River basin, southern Brazil - Samuel Beskow; Luis Carlos Timm; Vitor Emanuel Quevedo Tavares; Tamara Leitzke Caldeira; Leandro Sanzi Aquino (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2016)

Improving maize production through nitrogen supply from ten rarely-used organic resources in Ghana - Samuel T. Partey; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Robert B. Zougmoré; Richard F. Preziosi (Agroforestry Systems, 2016)

Nutritional and Physiological Response of Sugarcane Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilization in a Haplic Cambisol - José Izquierdo-Hernández; Sergio Salgado-García; Luz del C. Lagunes-Espinoza; David J. Palma-López; Hipólito Ortiz-Laurel; Samuel Cordova-Sánchez; Mepivoseth Castelán-Estrada (Sugar Tech, 2016)

Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats - Daniel I Brierley; James Samuels; Marnie Duncan; Benjamin J Whalley; Claire M Williams (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Fine structure of the Arabidopsis stem cuticle: effects of fixation and changes over development - Sarah J. Shumborski; A. Lacey Samuels; David A. Bird (Planta, 2016)

Peatland vascular plant functional types affect dissolved organic matter chemistry - Bjorn J. M. Robroek; Remy J. H. Albrecht; Samuel Hamard; Adrian Pulgarin; Luca Bragazza; Alexandre Buttler; Vincent EJ Jassey (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Detection of a New Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) Group Using Acoustic Call Playback - Jessica V. Bryant; Aurélien Brulé; Michelle H. G. Wong; Xiaojiang Hong; Zhaoli Zhou; Wentao Han; Timothy E. Jeffree; Samuel T. Turvey (International Journal of Primatology, 2016)

Identity by descent fine mapping of familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) to 2p11.2–2q11.2 - Lyndal Henden; Saskia Freytag; Zaid Afawi; Sara Baldassari; Samuel F. Berkovic; Francesca Bisulli; Laura Canafoglia; Giorgio Casari; Douglas Ewan Crompton; Christel Depienne; Jozef Gecz; Renzo Guerrini; et al. (Human Genetics, 2016)

Suboral fork: a newly discerned gnathosomal structure from the proboscis of eriophyoid mites (Acari, Eriophyoidea) - Philipp E. Chetverikov; Samuel Bolton (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2016)

Post-exercise blood flow restriction attenuates muscle hypertrophy - Scott J. Dankel; Samuel L. Buckner; Matthew B. Jessee; Kevin T. Mattocks; J. Grant Mouser; Brittany R. Counts; Gilberto C. Laurentino; Takashi Abe; Jeremy P. Loenneke (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Assessment of heavy metal pollution risks in Yonki Reservoir environmental matrices affected by gold mining activity - Samuel Kapia; B. K. Rajashekhar Rao; Harry Sakulas (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Pharmaceutical Residues Affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike Wetlands: Sources and Sinks - Erland Björklund; Ola Svahn; Søren Bak; Samuel Oppong Bekoe; Martin Hansen (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Pyomelanin‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa selected during chronic infections have a large chromosomal deletion which confers resistance to pyocins - Didier Hocquet; Marie Petitjean; Laurence Rohmer; Benoît Valot; Hemantha D. Kulasekara; Elodie Bedel; Xavier Bertrand; Patrick Plésiat; Thilo Köhler; Alix Pantel; Michael A. Jacobs; Lucas R. Hoffman; et al. (Environmental Microbiology, 2016)
Summary When bacterial lineages make the transition from free‐living to permanent association with hosts, they can undergo massive gene losses, for which the selective forces within host tissues are unknown. We identified here melanogenic clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with large chromosomal deletions (66 to 270 kbp) and characterized them to investigate how they were selected. When compared with their wild‐type parents, melanogenic mutants (i) exhibited a lower fitness in growth conditions found in human tissues, such as hyperosmolarity and presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics, (ii) narrowed their metabolic spectrum with a growth disadvantage with particular carbon sources, including aromatic amino acids and acyclic terpenes, suggesting a reduction of metabolic flexibility. Despite an impaired fitness in rich media, melanogenic mutants can inhibit their wild‐type parents and compete with them in coculture. Surprisingly, melanogenic mutants became highly resistant to two intraspecific toxins, the S‐pyocins AP41 and S1. Our results suggest that pyocins produced within a population of infecting P. aeruginosa may have selected for bacterial mutants that underwent massive gene losses and that were adapted to the life in diverse bacterial communities in the human host. Intraspecific interactions may therefore be an important factor driving the continuing evolution of pathogens during host infections.

Ecoinvent 3: assessing water use in LCA and facilitating water footprinting - Stephan Pfister; Samuel Vionnet; Tereza Levova; Sebastien Humbert (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2016)

Diversity of juvenile Chinook salmon life history pathways - Samuel L. Bourret; Christopher C. Caudill; Matthew L. Keefer (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2016)

Purinergic control of lysenin’s transport and voltage-gating properties - Sheenah Bryant; Nisha Shrestha; Paul Carnig; Samuel Kosydar; Philip Belzeski; Charles Hanna; Daniel Fologea (Purinergic Signalling, 2016)

Proof-of-Concept of Polymeric Sol-Gels in Multi-Drug Delivery and Intraoperative Image-Guided Surgery for Peritoneal Ovarian Cancer - Matthew McKenzie; David Betts; Amy Suh; Kathryn Bui; Rui Tang; Kexian Liang; Samuel Achilefu; Glen S. Kwon; Hyunah Cho (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

The unique ion permeability profile of cochlear fibrocytes and its contribution to establishing their positive resting membrane potential - Takamasa Yoshida; Fumiaki Nin; Shingo Murakami; Genki Ogata; Satoru Uetsuka; Samuel Choi; Takashi Nakagawa; Hidenori Inohara; Shizuo Komune; Yoshihisa Kurachi; Hiroshi Hibino (Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2016)

LSD1-Mediated Demethylation of H3K4me2 Is Required for the Transition from Late Progenitor to Differentiated Mouse Rod Photoreceptor - Evgenya Y. Popova; Carolina Pinzon-Guzman; Anna C. Salzberg; Samuel Shao-Min Zhang; Colin J. Barnstable (Molecular Neurobiology, 2016)

Coping with an Advanced Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis: Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perspectives on the Role of the Health Care System - K M Islam; Samuel T Opoku; Bettye A Apenteng; Ann Fetrick; June Ryan; M Copur; Addison Tolentino; Irfan Vaziri; Apar K Ganti (Journal of Cancer Education, 2016)

Earthquake early warning and operational earthquake forecasting as real-time hazard information to mitigate seismic risk at nuclear facilities - Carlo Cauzzi; Yannik Behr; Thomas Le Guenan; John Douglas; Samuel Auclair; Jochen Woessner; John Clinton; Stefan Wiemer (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2016)

Galls in Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae): effects of forest structure on infestation intensity - Rubem Samuel de Avila; Suiane Santos Oleques (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2016)

Effects of DNA supercoiling on chromatin architecture - Samuel Corless; Nick Gilbert (Biophysical Reviews, 2016)

Optimization of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds hydropriming by application of response surface methodology - Manoj Kumar Mahawar; D. V. K. Samuel; J. P. Sinha; Kirti Jalgaonkar (Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2016)

Lisbon’s womb: an approach to the city metabolism in the turn to the twentieth century - Samuel Niza; Daniela Ferreira; Joana Mourão; Patrícia Bento d’Almeida; Teresa Marat-Mendes (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification for Europe Recaptured via the Hölder Regularity of Air Temperature Data - Adrien Deliège; Samuel Nicolay (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2016)

Impact of depressive symptoms and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life in cirrhotic hepatitis C patients - Katherine C. Barboza; Lilian M. Salinas; Farhad Sahebjam; Arun B. Jesudian; Ilan L. Weisberg; Samuel H. Sigal (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2016)

Development of an Efficient Genome Editing Method by CRISPR/Cas9 in a Fish Cell Line - Carola E. Dehler; Pierre Boudinot; Samuel A. M. Martin; Bertrand Collet (Marine Biotechnology, 2016)
CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used widely in animals and plants to direct mutagenesis. To date, no such method exists for fish somatic cell lines. We describe an efficient procedure for genome editing in the Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha CHSE. This cell line was genetically modified to firstly overexpress a monomeric form of EGFP (cell line CHSE-E Geneticin resistant) and additionally to overexpress nCas9n, a nuclear version of Cas9 (cell line CHSE-EC, Hygromycin and Geneticin resistant). A pre-validated sgRNA was produced in vitro and used to transfect CHSE-EC cells. The EGFP gene was disrupted in 34.6 % of cells, as estimated by FACS and microscopy. The targeted locus was characterised by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of PCR products; inactivation of the EGFP gene by deletions in the expected site was validated in 25 % of clones. This method opens perspectives for functional genomic studies compatible with high-throughput screening.

Levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and manganese in serum and whole blood of resident adults from mining and non-mining communities in Ghana - Samuel Obiri; Philip O. Yeboah; Shiloh Osae; Sam Adu-Kumi (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

A Molecular Aspect in the Regulation of Drug Metabolism: Does PXR-Induced Enzyme Expression Always Lead to Functional Changes in Drug Metabolism? - Yuan Wei; Chenxiao Tang; Vinayak Sant; Song Li; Samuel M. Poloyac; Wen Xie (Current Pharmacology Reports, 2016)

Development of high‐resolution (250 m) historical daily gridded air temperature data using reanalysis and distributed sensor networks for the US Northern Rocky Mountains - Zachary A. Holden; Alan Swanson; Anna E. Klene; John T. Abatzoglou; Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Samuel A. Cushman; John Squires; Gretchen G. Moisen; Jared W. Oyler (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Gridded temperature data sets are typically produced at spatial resolutions that cannot fully resolve fine‐scale variation in surface air temperature in regions of complex topography. These data limitations have become increasingly important as scientists and managers attempt to understand and plan for potential climate change impacts. Here, we describe the development of a high‐resolution (250 m) daily historical (1979–2012) temperature data set for the US Northern Rocky Mountains using observations from both long‐term weather stations and a dense network of low‐cost temperature sensors. Empirically based models for daily minimum and maximum temperature incorporate lapse rates from regional reanalysis data, modelled daily solar insolation and soil moisture, along with time invariant canopy cover and topographic factors. Daily model predictions demonstrate excellent agreement with independent observations, with mean absolute errors of

A comparative approach to assess drivers of success in mammalian conservation recovery programs - Jennifer J. Crees; Amy C. Collins; P. J. Stephenson; Helen M. R. Meredith; Richard P. Young; Caroline Howe; Mark R. Stanley Price; Samuel T. Turvey (Conservation Biology, 2016)
The outcomes of species recovery programs have been mixed; high‐profile population recoveries contrast with species‐level extinctions. Each conservation intervention has its own challenges, but to inform more effective management it is imperative to assess whether correlates of wider recovery program success or failure can be identified. To contribute to evidence‐based improvement of future conservation strategies, we conducted a global quantitative analysis of 48 mammalian recovery programs. We reviewed available scientific literature and conducted semistructured interviews with conservation professionals involved in different recovery programs to investigate ecological, management, and political factors associated with population recoveries or declines. Identifying and removing threats was significantly associated with increasing population trend and decreasing conservation dependence, emphasizing that populations are likely to continue to be compromised in the absence of effective threat mitigation and supporting the need for threat monitoring and adaptive management in response to new and potential threats. Lack of habitat and small population size were cited as limiting factors in 56% and 42% of recovery programs, respectively, and both were statistically associated with increased longer term dependence on conservation intervention, demonstrating the importance of increasing population numbers quickly and restoring and protecting habitat. Poor stakeholder coordination and management were also regularly cited by respondents as key weaknesses in recovery programs, indicating the importance of effective leadership and shared goals and management plans. Project outcomes were not influenced by biological or ecological variables such as body mass or habitat, which suggests that these insights into correlates of conservation success and failure are likely to be generalizable across mammals.

Six temperature and precipitation regimes of the contiguous United States between 1895 and 2010: a statistical inference study - Samuel S. P. Shen; Olaf Wied; Alexander Weithmann; Tobias Regele; Barbara A. Bailey; Jay H. Lawrimore (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2016)

Is conservation agriculture ‘climate-smart’ for maize farmers in the highlands of Tanzania? - Anthony A. Kimaro; Mathew Mpanda; Janie Rioux; Ermias Aynekulu; Samuel Shaba; Margaret Thiong’o; Paul Mutuo; Sheila Abwanda; Keith Shepherd; Henry Neufeldt; Todd S. Rosenstock (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016)

Mites (Acari: Trombidiformes) parasitizing mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest area in southern Brazil with a new mite genus country record - Emili Bortolon dos Santos; Mario Arthur Favretto; Samuel Geremias dos Santos Costa; Mario Antonio Navarro-Silva (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2016)

Structural studies of hydrated samples of amorphous calcium phosphate and phosphoprotein nanoclusters - Samuel Lenton; Tommy Nylander; Carl Holt; Lindsay Sawyer; Michael Härtlein; Harrald Müller; Susana C. M. Teixeira (European Biophysics Journal, 2016)

Carbon dioxide emissions, GDP, energy use, and population growth: a multivariate and causality analysis for Ghana, 1971–2013 - Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie; Phebe Asantewaa Owusu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Simulating the effects of soil temperature and moisture in the off-rice season on rice straw decomposition and subsequent CH4 production during the growth season in a paddy soil - Shuirong Tang; Weiguo Cheng; Ronggui Hu; Julien Guigue; Samuel Munyaka Kimani; Keitaro Tawaraya; Xingkai Xu (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2016)

Co-evolution of wetland landscapes, flooding, and human settlement in the Mississippi River Delta Plain - Robert R. Twilley; Samuel J. Bentley; Qin Chen; Douglas A. Edmonds; Scott C. Hagen; Nina S.-N. Lam; Clinton S. Willson; Kehui Xu; DeWitt Braud; R. Hampton Peele; Annabeth McCall (Sustainability Science, 2016)

Gobius salamansa, a new species of goby (Gobiidae) from the Cape Verde Islands supported by a unique cephalic lateral line system and DNA barcoding - Samuel P. Iglésias; Lou Frotté; Daniel Y. Sellos (Ichthyological Research, 2016)

Bioaccumulation of Legacy and Emerging Organochlorine Contaminants in Lumbriculus variegatus - Viet D. Dang; Kevin J. Kroll; Samuel D. Supowit; Rolf U. Halden; Nancy D. Denslow (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Individual changes in zooplankton pigmentation in relation to ultraviolet radiation and predator cues - Martin Brüsin; P. Andreas Svensson; Samuel Hylander (Limnology and Oceanography, 2016)
Copepods are common crustaceans in aquatic systems and one of the most important producers of carotenoid astaxanthin pigments, which can enhance the animals' resistance against potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but at the same time, increases the risk of fish predation. Previous studies have demonstrated that copepods have different pigmentation levels matching the current threat level in terms of UVR and fish occurrence. However, these other studies have quantified population‐levels changes in pigmentation, making it difficult to disentangle the role of individual phenotypic colour changes from that of selection. We quantified carotenoid‐based pigmentation with colorimetric methods, which enabled us to track changes within individual copepods. Two species of copepods, Diaptomus castor and Eudiaptomus gracilis , were exposed to high and low UVR and fish cues in a factorial design. L*a*b* colour values (CIE; Commission International de l'Eclairage) were extracted from digital photographs of each copepod and used as proxies for carotenoid concentration. Our results showed that individual copepods significantly changed their pigmentation in response to both UVR and fish cues within a period of 2 weeks. However, the responses differed between sexes and between adults and juveniles. UVR effects were present in all life‐stages whereas fish effects were only detected in juveniles, with largest responses in D. castor . This confirms that carotenoid pigmentation is a phenotypically plastic trait, and highlights that strategies for trading off risks of UVR and predation differ between males and females as well as between life‐stages.

Biotic resistance and disturbance: rodent consumers regulate post‐fire plant invasions and increase plant community diversity - Samuel B. St. Clair; Rory O'Connor; Richard Gill; Brock McMillan (Ecology, 2016)
Biotic resistance and disturbance are fundamental processes influencing plant invasion outcomes; however, the role of consumers in regulating the establishment and spread of plant invaders and how disturbance modifies biotic resistance by consumers is unclear. We document that fire in combination with experimental exclusion of rodent consumers shifted a native desert shrubland to a low‐diversity, invasive annual grassland dominated by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). In contrast, burned plots with rodents present suppressed invasion by cheatgrass and developed into a more diverse forb community. Rodents created strong biotic resistance to the establishment of aggressive plant invaders likely through seed and seedling predation, which had cascading effects on plant competition and plant community diversity. Fire mediated its positive effects on plant invaders through native plant removal and by decreasing the abundance and diversity of the rodent community. The experimental disruption of plant and consumer‐mediated biotic resistance of plant invaders using fire and rodent exclusion treatments provides strong evidence that native plants and rodents are important regulators of plant invasion dynamics and plant biodiversity in our study system. While rodents conferred strong resistance to invasion in our study system, fluctuations in rodent populations due to disturbance and climatic events may provide windows of opportunity for exotic plant species to escape biotic resistance by rodent consumers and initiate invasions.

Thermal variability alters the impact of climate warming on consumer–resource systems - Samuel B. Fey; David A. Vasseur (Ecology, 2016)
Thermal variation through space and time are prominent features of ecosystems that influence processes at multiple levels of biological organization. Yet, it remains unclear how populations embedded within biological communities will respond to climate warming in thermally variable environments, particularly as climate change alters existing patterns of thermal spatial and temporal variability. As environmental temperatures increase above historical ranges, organisms may increasingly rely on extreme habitats to effectively thermoregulate. Such locations desirable in their thermal attributes (e.g., thermal refugia) are often suboptimal for resource acquisition (e.g., underground tunnels). Thus, via the expected increase in both mean temperatures and diel thermal variation, climate warming may heighten the trade‐off for consumers between behaviors maximizing thermal performance and those maximizing resource acquisition. Here, we integrate behavioral, physiological, and trophic ecology to provide a general framework for understanding how temporal thermal variation, mediated by access to a thermal refugium, alters the response of consumer–resource systems to warming. We use this framework to predict how temporal variation and access to thermal refugia affect the persistence of consumers and resources during climate warming, how the quality of thermal refugia impact consumer–resource systems, and how consumer–resource systems with fast vs. slow ecological dynamics respond to warming. Our results show that the spatial thermal variability provided by refugia can elevate consumer biomass at warmer temperatures despite reducing the fraction of time consumers spend foraging, that temporal variability detrimentally impacts consumers at high environmental temperatures, and that consumer–resource systems with fast ecological dynamics are most vulnerable to climate warming. Thus, incorporating both estimates of thermal variability and species interactions may be necessary to accurately predict how populations respond to warming.

An overview of ice storms and their impact in the United States - Samuel K. Degelia; Jordan I. Christian; Jeffrey B. Basara; Trevor J. Mitchell; Daniel F. Gardner; Sara E. Jackson; John C. Ragland; Hayden R. Mahan (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
Ice storms, defined by the US National Weather Service as freezing rain accumulations over 0.635 cm (0.25 inch), are often costly and destructive. Formation processes include the classic ‘melting’ process and supercooled warm rain process. Freezing rain is most commonly found ahead of a warm front or occlusion, where warm air is lifted over a cold shallow layer near the surface. Other synoptic patterns conducive to freezing rain include arctic fronts, isentropic lift over an arctic air mass, and cold air damming. Causes of spatial and temporal variations in freezing rain include, but are not limited to, terrain and proximity to water. Areas with the most occurrences of freezing rain in the United States include the Pacific Northwest, Upper Midwest, and Northeast/Appalachian regions. Empirical forecasting methods and numerical weather prediction are currently used to predict freezing rain. Successful forecasting of ice storm events requires evaluation of the thermodynamic profile of the atmosphere. Local effects such as proximity to water and topography must be taken into account, and non‐linear processes such as latent heating and cooling must not be ignored. Ice accumulation can cause tree damage, which, in addition to breakage of electrical cables, can lead to power outages. Deposition of ice also impacts road, rail, and air travel, with associated economic costs due to lost hours as workers are unable to travel. Ice storms also provide a significant risk to human health and life, with falling debris and slippery surfaces being primary threats.

Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Perceptions and Screening Behaviour Among Female University Students in Ghana - Charity Binka; Samuel H Nyarko; David T Doku (Journal of Cancer Education, 2016)

Low permeability triple-layer plastic bags prevent losses of maize caused by insects in rural on-farm stores - Jeremiah Ng’ang’a; Christopher Mutungi; Samuel M. Imathiu; Hippolyte Affognon (Food Security, 2016)

The relationship between carbon dioxide and agriculture in Ghana: a comparison of VECM and ARDL model - Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie; Phebe Asantewaa Owusu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs: are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species? - Rachel E. Ball; Barbara Serra-Pereira; Jim Ellis; Martin J. Genner; Samuel Iglésias; Andrew F. Johnson; Catherine S. Jones; Rob Leslie; Jennifer Lewis; Stefano Mariani; Gui Menezes; Francis Neat; et al. (Conservation Genetics, 2016)
Skates and rays constitute the most speciose group of chondrichthyan fishes, yet are characterised by remarkable levels of morphological and ecological conservatism. They can be challenging to identify, which makes monitoring species compositions for fisheries management purposes problematic. Owing to their slow growth and low fecundity, skates are vulnerable to exploitation and species exhibiting endemism or limited ranges are considered to be the most at risk. The Madeira skate Raja maderensis is endemic and classified as ‘Data Deficient’ by the IUCN, yet its taxonomic distinctiveness from the morphologically similar and more wide-ranging thornback ray Raja clavata is unresolved. This study evaluated the sequence divergence of both the variable control region and cytochrome oxidase I ‘DNA barcode’ gene of the mitochondrial genome to elucidate the genetic differentiation of specimens identified as R. maderensis and R. clavata collected across much of their geographic ranges. Genetic evidence was insufficient to support the different species designations. However regardless of putative species identification, individuals occupying waters around the Azores and North African Seamounts represent an evolutionarily significant unit worthy of special consideration for conservation management.

Geophysical evidence for Mesozoic syn-rift salt diapirism in Southeast Bahamas - Allan Spector; Samuel A. Epstein; David Schieck (Carbonates and Evaporites, 2016)

Characterization and diversity of rhizobia nodulating selected tree legumes in Ghana - Emmanuel Yaw Boakye; Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson; Seth Kofi Akyea Danso; Samuel Kwame offei (Symbiosis, 2016)

Drying of Durum Wheat Pasta and Enriched Pasta: A Review of Modeling Approaches - Samuel Mercier; Martin Mondor; Christine Moresoli; Sébastien Villeneuve; Bernard Marcos (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016)

Responses of Stream Biofilm Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles to Acid Mine Drainage Impairment and Remediation - Samuel A. Drerup; Morgan L. Vis (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016)

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics Study of R- and S-Enantiomers of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, AR-42 (NSC 731438), in Rodents - Hao Cheng; Zhiliang Xie; William P. Jones; Xiaohui Tracey Wei; Zhongfa Liu; Dasheng Wang; Samuel K. Kulp; Jiang Wang; Christopher C. Coss; Ching-Shih Chen; Guido Marcucci; Ramiro Garzon; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2016)

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in T cells - Samuel Bertin; Eyal Raz (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2016)

Neuroprotection Promoted by Guanosine Depends on Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Transporters Activity in Hippocampal Slices Subjected to Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation - Tharine Dal-Cim; Wagner C. Martins; Daniel T. Thomaz; Victor Coelho; Gabriela Godoy Poluceno; Débora Lanznaster; Samuel Vandresen-Filho; Carla I. Tasca (Neurotoxicity Research, 2016)

Reconstructing cephalopod migration with statolith elemental signatures: a case study using Dosidicus gigas - Bi Lin Liu; Jie Cao; Samuel B. Truesdell; Yong Chen; Xin Jun Chen; Si Quan Tian (Fisheries Science, 2016)

Investigating the spatial and temporal modulation of visuotactile interactions in older adults - Samuel Couth; Emma Gowen; Ellen Poliakoff (Experimental Brain Research, 2016)

Using fatty acids to fingerprint biofilm communities: a means to quickly and accurately assess stream quality - Jared L. DeForest; Samuel A. Drerup; Morgan L. Vis (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment - Xiangyang Wu; Samuel J. Cobbina; Guanghua Mao; Hai Xu; Zhen Zhang; Liuqing Yang (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Multivariate co-integration analysis of the Kaya factors in Ghana - Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie; Phebe Asantewaa Owusu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

The applied indicators of water quality may underestimate the risk of chemical exposure to human population in reservoirs utilized for human supply—Southern Brazil - Debora Regina dos Santos; Flávia Yoshie Yamamoto; Francisco Filipak Neto; Marco Antônio Ferreira Randi; Juan Esquivel Garcia; Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa; Samuel Liebel; Sandro Xavier Campos; Carmen Lúcia Voigt; Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

SNARC for numerosities is modulated by comparative instruction (and resembles some non-numerical effects) - Katarzyna Patro; Samuel Shaki (Cognitive Processing, 2016)

Impact of prenatal nicotine on the structure of midbrain dopamine regions in the rat - Natalia Omelchenko; Priya Roy; Judith Joyce Balcita-Pedicino; Samuel Poloyac; Susan R. Sesack (Brain Structure and Function, 2016)

Dietary Iron and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Review of Human Population Studies - Joseph H. Ashmore; Connie J. Rogers; Shannon L. Kelleher; Samuel M. Lesko; Terryl J. Hartman (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016)

Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013 - Mathieu Hamon; Jonathan Beuvier; Samuel Somot; Jean-Michel Lellouche; Eric Greiner; Gabriel Jordà; Marie-Noëlle Bouin; Thomas Arsouze; Karine Béranger; Florence Sevault; Clotilde Dubois; Marie Drevillon; et al. (Ocean Science, 2016)
The French research community in the Mediterranean Sea modeling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modeling, atmospheric forcings and data assimilation to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992–2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1∕12° ( ∼ 7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric-forcing data set (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34-year hindcast simulation over the period 1979–2013 (NM12-FREE), which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM2 that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a three-dimensional (3-D) multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform MEDRYS. We then validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good average temperature and salinity at intermediate layers compared to the hindcast. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis shows slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 °C above 150 m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows one to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high-frequency variability is shown.

Imaging the interaction of roots and phosphate fertiliser granules using 4D X-ray tomography - Sharif Ahmed; Trudy Naugler Klassen; Samuel Keyes; Michael Daly; David L. Jones; Mark Mavrogordato; Ian Sinclair; Tiina Roose (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Phosphorus in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: implications for agricultural intensification - Generose Nziguheba; Shamie Zingore; Job Kihara; Roel Merckx; Samuel Njoroge; Abigael Otinga; Elke Vandamme; Bernard Vanlauwe (Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016)

Climatic influence on mobility of organic pollutants in Technosols from contrasted industrial activities - Robin Dagois; Christophe Schwartz; Samuel Coussy; Catherine Lorgeoux; Stéphanie Ouvrard; Pierre Faure (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016)

Remembering Jerry Lwanga: A Perspective from His Colleagues - Tony L. Goldberg; Samuel Angedakin; Gilbert M. Isabirye Basuta; Michelle Brown; Thomas M. Butynski; Colin A. Chapman; Lauren Chapman; Sholly Gunter; Innocent Kato; Jean-Michel Krief; Sabrina Krief; Joanna E. Lambert; et al. (International Journal of Primatology, 2016)

Carbohydrate dependence during prolonged simulated cycling time trials - Samuel L. Torrens; José L. Areta; Evelyn B. Parr; John A. Hawley (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016)

Acute crack cocaine exposure induces genetic damage in multiple organs of rats - Eduardo Gregolin Moretti; Veronica Quispe Yujra; Samuel Rangel Claudio; Marcelo Jose Dias Silva; Wagner Vilegas; Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira; Flavia de Oliveira; Daniel Araki Ribeiro (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Determining the effect of salt-induced soil on paddy rice development and yield using GIS mapping - Christopher O. Akinbile; Olamide A. Adegbola; Samuel O. Akande (Paddy and Water Environment, 2016)

The epidemiology of rotavirus disease in under-five-year-old children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in central Uganda, 2012-2013 - Josephine Bwogi; Samuel Malamba; Brian Kigozi; Prossy Namuwulya; Phionah Tushabe; Sarah Kiguli; Denis Karuhize Byarugaba; Ulrich Desselberger; Miren Iturriza-Gomara; Charles Karamagi (Archives of Virology, 2016)

Full-Length Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Interacts with Hyaluronan to Provide Cartilage Boundary Lubrication - Saleem Abubacker; Samuel G. Dorosz; Dragana Ponjevic; Gregory D. Jay; John R. Matyas; Tannin A. Schmidt (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016)

Evidence from pyrosequencing indicates that natural variation in animal personality is associated with DRD 4 DNA methylation - Eveline C. Verhulst; A. Christa Mateman; Mathijs V. Zwier; Samuel P. Caro; Koen J.F. Verhoeven; Kees van Oers (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Personality traits are heritable and respond to natural selection, but are at the same time influenced by the ontogenetic environment. Epigenetic effects, such as DNA methylation, have been proposed as a key mechanism to control personality variation. However, to date little is known about the contribution of epigenetic effects to natural variation in behaviour. Here, we show that great tit ( Parus major ) lines artificially selected for divergent exploratory behaviour for four generations differ in their DNA methylation levels at the dopamine receptor D4 ( DRD 4) gene. This D4 receptor is statistically associated with personality traits in both humans and nonhuman animals, including the great tit. Previous work in this songbird failed to detect functional genetic polymorphisms within DRD 4 that could account for the gene–trait association. However, our observation supports the idea that DRD 4 is functionally involved in exploratory behaviour but that its effects are mediated by DNA methylation. While the exact mechanism underlying the transgenerational consistency of DRD 4 methylation remains to be elucidated, this study shows that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in shaping natural variation in personality traits. We outline how this first finding provides a basis for investigating the epigenetic contribution to personality traits in natural systems and its subsequent role for understanding the ecology and evolution of behavioural consistency.

Adult and offspring size in the ocean: a database of size metrics and conversion factors - Anna B. Neuheimer; Martin Hartvig; Jan Heuschele; Samuel Hylander; Thomas Kiørboe; Karin H. Olsson; Julie Sainmont; Ken H. Andersen (Ecology, 2016)
The purpose of this dataset was to compile adult and offspring size estimates for marine organisms. Adult and offspring size estimates of 408 species were compiled from the literature covering >17 orders of magnitude in body mass and including Cephalopoda (ink fish), Cnidaria (“jelly” fish), Crustaceans, Ctenophora (comb jellies), Elasmobranchii (cartilaginous fish), Mammalia (mammals), Sagittoidea (arrow worms) and Teleost (i.e., Actinopterygii, bony fish). Individual size estimates were converted to standardized size estimates (carbon weight, g) to allow for among‐group comparisons. This required a number of size estimates to be converted and a compilation of conversion factors obtained from the literature are also presented.

Reciprocal activation/inactivation of ERK in the amygdala and frontal cortex is correlated with the degree of novelty of an open-field environment - Frederico Velasco Sanguedo; Caio Vitor Bueno Dias; Flavia Regina Cruz Dias; Richard Ian Samuels; Robert J. Carey; Marinete Pinheiro Carrera (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Altered cognitive response to serotonin challenge as a candidate endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder - Christine Lochner; Samuel R. Chamberlain; Martin Kidd; Naomi A. Fineberg; Dan J. Stein (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Sustained Pulmonary Delivery of a Water-Soluble Antibiotic Without Encapsulating Carriers - Winston Ong; Pawel Nowak; Yen Cu; Lisa Schopf; James Bourassa; Elizabeth Enlow; Samuel M. Moskowitz; Hongming Chen (Pharmaceutical Research, 2016)

Inhibition of neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by the biflavonoid kolaviron is dependent on the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant protective mechanism - Samuel A. Onasanwo; Ravikanth Velagapudi; Abdelmeneim El-Bakoush; Olumayokun A. Olajide (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2016)

Long-term electricity production from soil electrogenic bacteria and high-content screening of biofilm formation on the electrodes - Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani; Vimalan Jayaraj; Solomon RobinsonDavid Jebakumar (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016)

Morphological Variation of the Forelimb and Claw in Neotropical Sigmodontine Rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae) - M. J. Tulli; L. V. Carrizo; J. X. Samuels (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2016)

Temporary pond ecosystem functioning shifts mediated by the exotic red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): a mesocosm study - Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez; Samuel Hilaire; François Mesléard (Hydrobiologia, 2016)

Progress and Challenges in Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling - Neil K. Ganju; Mark J. Brush; Brenda Rashleigh; Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta; Pilar del Barrio; Jason S. Grear; Lora A. Harris; Samuel J. Lake; Grant McCardell; James O’Donnell; David K. Ralston; Richard P. Signell; et al. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2016)

Retraction Note to: Biomonitoring fallout 137Cs in resident and migratory fishes collected along the southern coast of India and assessment of dose - Mohan Feroz Khan; Samuel Godwin Wesley (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Spatial and temporal estimation of soil loss for the sustainable management of a wet semi-arid watershed cluster - R. Rejani; K. V. Rao; M. Osman; Ch. Srinivasa Rao; K. Sammi Reddy; G. R. Chary; Pushpanjali; Josily Samuel (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016)

Plant Invasions or Fire Policy: Which Has Altered Fire Behavior More in Tallgrass Prairie? - Dirac Twidwell; Andrew S. West; William B. Hiatt; Abbey L. Ramirez; J. Taylor Winter; David M. Engle; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; J. D. Carlson (Ecosystems, 2016)

Effects of different cultivation systems in leaf traits and herbivory damage in Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae) - Rubem Samuel de Avila; Daniela Franceschi Dalazen; Leandro Homrich Lorentz; Igor Poletto; Valdir Marcos Stefenon (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2016)

Neurological Toxicity of Individual and Mixtures of Low Dose Arsenic, Mono and Di (n-butyl) Phthalates on Sub-Chronic Exposure to Mice - Guanghua Mao; Zhaoxiang Zhou; Yao Chen; Wei Wang; Xueshan Wu; Weiwei Feng; Samuel Jerry Cobbina; Jing Huang; Zhen Zhang; Hai Xu; Liuqing Yang; Xiangyang Wu (Biological Trace Element Research, 2016)

Role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the cardiovascular system - Carmen Gonzalez; Hector Rosas-Hernandez; Manuel Alejandro Ramirez-Lee; Samuel Salazar-García; Syed F. Ali (Archives of Toxicology, 2016)

Fishing impact and environmental status in E uropean seas: a diagnosis from stock assessments and ecosystem indicators - Didier Gascuel; Marta Coll; Clive Fox; Sylvie Guénette; Jérome Guitton; Andrew Kenny; Leyla Knittweis; J Rasmus Nielsen; Gerjan Piet; Tiit Raid; Morgane Travers‐Trolet; Samuel Shephard (Fish and Fisheries, 2016)
Stock‐based and ecosystem‐based indicators are used to provide a new diagnosis of the fishing impact and environmental status of E uropean seas. In the seven European marine ecosystems covering the B altic and the N orth‐east A tlantic, (i) trends in landings since 1950 were examined; (ii) syntheses of the status and trends in fish stocks were consolidated at the ecosystem level; and (iii) trends in ecosystem indicators based on landings and surveys were analysed. We show that yields began to decrease everywhere (except in the B altic) from the mid‐1970s, as a result of the over‐exploitation of some major stocks. Fishermen adapted by increasing fishing effort and exploiting a wider part of the ecosystems. This was insufficient to compensate for the decrease in abundance of many stocks, and total landings have halved over the last 30 years. The highest fishing impact took place in the late 1990s, with a clear decrease in stock‐based and ecosystem indicators. In particular, trophic‐based indicators exhibited a continuous decreasing trend in almost all ecosystems. Over the past decade, a decrease in fishing pressure has been observed, the mean fishing mortality rate of assessed stocks being almost halved in all the considered ecosystems, but no clear recovery in the biomass and ecosystem indicators is yet apparent. In addition, the mean recruitment index was shown to decrease by around 50% in all ecosystems (except the B altic). We conclude that building this kind of diagnosis is a key step on the path to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.

Temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass decreases as spatial variability increases - Devan Allen McGranahan; Torre J. Hovick; R. Dwayne Elmore; David M. Engle; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Stephen L. Winter; James R. Miller; Diane M. Debinski (Ecology, 2016)
Ecological theory predicts that diversity decreases variability in ecosystem function. We predict that, at the landscape scale, spatial variability created by a mosaic of contrasting patches that differ in time since disturbance will decrease temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass. Using data from a multi‐year study of seven grazed tallgrass prairie landscapes, each experimentally managed for one to eight patches, we show that increased spatial variability driven by spatially patchy fire and herbivory reduces temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass. This pattern is associated with statistical evidence for the portfolio effect and a positive relationship between temporal variability and functional group synchrony as predicted by metacommunity variability theory. As disturbance from fire and grazing interact to create a shifting mosaic of spatially heterogeneous patches within a landscape, temporal variability in aboveground plant biomass can be dampened. These results suggest that spatially heterogeneous disturbance regimes contribute to a portfolio of ecosystem functions provided by biodiversity, including wildlife habitat, fuel, and forage. We discuss how spatial patterns of disturbance drive variability within and among patches.

Conservation of animals traded for medicinal purposes in Brazil: Can products derived from plants or domestic animals replace products of wild animals? - Felipe Silva Ferreira; Samuel Vieira Brito; Waltécio de Oliveira Almeida; Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves (Regional Environmental Change, 2016)

Knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning presence of molds in foods among members of the general public in Malawi - Limbikani Matumba; Maurice Monjerezi; Henry Kankwamba; Samuel M. C. Njoroge; Peter Ndilowe; Hilda Kabuli; Daimon Kambewa; Henry Njapau (Mycotoxin Research, 2016)

Headcut Erosion in Wyoming’s Sweetwater Subbasin - Samuel E. Cox; D. Terrance Booth; John C. Likins (Environmental Management, 2016)

The link between volcanism and plutonism in epizonal magma systems; high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology from the Organ Mountains caldera and batholith, New Mexico - Matthew Rioux; G. Lang Farmer; Samuel A. Bowring; Kathleen M. Wooton; Jeffrey M. Amato; Drew S. Coleman; Philip L. Verplanck (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016)

An integrated approach for detection and delineation of leakage path from Micro-Dam Reservoir (MDR): a case study from Arato MDR, Northern Ethiopia - Gebremedhin Berhane; Samuel Kebede; Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes; Kristine Martens; Marc Van Camp; Kristine Walraevens (Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2016)

Ungulate copiparvovirus 1 (bovine parvovirus 2): characterization of a new genotype and associated viremia in different bovine age groups - Samuel Paulo Cibulski; Thais Fumaco Teixeira; Helton Fernandes dos Santos; Francisco Esmaile de Sales Lima; Camila Mengue Scheffer; Ana Paula Muterle Varela; Diane Alves de Lima; Candice Schmidt; Fernando Silveira; Laura Lopes de Almeida; Paulo Michel Roehe (Virus Genes, 2016)

Informing conservation by identifying range shift patterns across breeding habitats and migration strategies - Torre J. Hovick; Brady W. Allred; Devan A. McGranahan; Michael W. Palmer; R. Dwayne Elmore; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2016)

Biogeography and colonization history of plethodontid salamanders from the Interior Highlands of eastern North America - Samuel D. Martin; Donald B. Shepard; Michael A. Steffen; John G. Phillips; Ronald M. Bonett (Journal of Biogeography, 2016)
Aim The Interior Highlands (Ouachita Mountains and Ozark Plateau) are major physiographical regions of eastern North America and harbour many endemic species. Despite their close proximity, the Ozarks and Ouachitas have different geological histories and relatively distinct species pools. Few studies have tested the biogeographical origins of this region's fauna, and most researchers have treated the Interior Highlands as a single unit. Here, we inferred the sources and timing of colonization of the Ozarks and the Ouachitas by analysing the biogeography of three genera of plethodontid salamanders ( Eurycea , Plethodon and Desmognathus ). Location Eastern North America. Methods We constructed a well‐sampled, time‐calibrated phylogeny for the family Plethodontidae using three mitochondrial and three nuclear genes in beast . Genetic data were primarily taken from GenBank, although we also produced 76 novel sequences. Using lagrange , we reconstructed ancestral areas for North American plethodontids. We compared the frequency and timing of dispersal events between the Ozarks and Ouachitas to other putative sources such as the Eastern Highlands (Appalachian Mountains and associated limestone plateaus). Results We inferred nine dispersal events from the Eastern Highlands to the Interior Highlands, and just two dispersal events between the geographically proximate Ozarks and Ouachitas. Following one dispersal in the Oligocene, other inter‐highland dispersal events occurred in the Miocene and Pliocene, including two periods of near‐synchronous movements. Main conclusions Given the relatively limited faunal exchange between the Ozarks and Ouachitas, we conclude that either the river valley separating the Ozarks and Ouachitas is a more formidable barrier to plethodontid salamander dispersal than barriers separating the Interior Highlands from the Eastern Highlands, or ecological/community contingencies have limited dispersal within the Interior Highlands. In our study, geographical proximity of upland islands does not correspond with faunal similarity.

Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa - Lars‐Anders Hansson; Giuseppe Bianco; Mikael Ekvall; Jan Heuschele; Samuel Hylander; Xi Yang (Ecology, 2016)
Most animals, including aquatic crustacean zooplankton, perform strong avoidance movements when exposed to a threat, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We here show that the genera Daphnia and Bosmina instantly adjust their vertical position in the water in accordance with the present UVR threat, i.e., seek refuge in deeper waters, whereas other taxa show less response to the threat. Moreover, Daphnia repeatedly respond to UVR pulses, suggesting that they spend more energy on movement than more stationary taxa, for example, during days with fluctuating cloud cover, illustrating nonlethal effects in avoiding UVR threat. Accordingly, we also show that the taxa with the most contrasting behavioral responses differ considerably in photoprotection, suggesting different morphological and behavioral strategies in handling the UVR threat. In a broader context, our studies on individual and taxa specific responses to UVR provide insights into observed spatial and temporal distribution in natural ecosystems.

Forecasting reservoir inflows using remotely sensed precipitation estimates: a pilot study for the River Naryn, Kyrgyzstan - Samuel G. Dixon; Robert L. Wilby (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2016)

Climate change/variability and schistosomiasis transmission in Ga district, Ghana - Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe; Reuben Tete Larbi (Climate and Development, 2016)

Neuromotor tolerability and behavioural characterisation of cannabidiolic acid, a phytocannabinoid with therapeutic potential for anticipatory nausea - Daniel I Brierley; James Samuels; Marnie Duncan; Benjamin J Whalley; Claire M Williams (Psychopharmacology, 2016)

Belowground biomass accumulation assessed by digital image based leaf area detection - Samuel Joalland; Claudio Screpanti; Alain Gaume; Achim Walter (Plant and Soil, 2016)

Partitioning of net radiation and evapotranspiration over a superintensive drip-irrigated olive orchard - Rafael López-Olivari; Samuel Ortega-Farías; Carlos Poblete-Echeverría (Irrigation Science, 2016)

On the development of a coupled regional climate–vegetation model RCM–CLM–CN–DV and its validation in Tropical Africa - Guiling Wang; Miao Yu; Jeremy S. Pal; Rui Mei; Gordon B. Bonan; Samuel Levis; Peter E. Thornton (Climate Dynamics, 2016)

Technical possibilities of bioethanol production from coffee pulp: a renewable feedstock - Raghu Gurram; Mohammad Al-Shannag; Samuel Knapp; Tapas Das; Eric Singsaas; Malek Alkasrawi (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2016)

Accounting for end-user preferences in earthquake early warning systems - Thomas Le Guenan; Farid Smai; Annick Loschetter; Samuel Auclair; Daniel Monfort; Nicolas Taillefer; John Douglas (Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2016)

Euryphorus suarezi n. sp. (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on an elasmobranch from the Gulf of Mexico - Francisco Neptalí Morales-Serna; María Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago; Samuel Gómez (Systematic Parasitology, 2016)

Motion-triggered defensive display in a tephritid fly - Samuel Aguilar-Argüello; Francisco Díaz-Fleischer; Dinesh Rao (Journal of Ethology, 2016)

Persistent Organic Pollutant Determination in Killer Whale Scat Samples: Optimization of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method and Application to Field Samples - Jessica I. Lundin; Russell L. Dills; Gina M. Ylitalo; M. Bradley Hanson; Candice K. Emmons; Gregory S. Schorr; Jacqui Ahmad; Jennifer A. Hempelmann; Kim M. Parsons; Samuel K. Wasser (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)

Volume 29 Issue 02 View Issue TOC Volume 29, No. 2 Penetrative Radiative Flux in the Bay of Bengal - Aneesh Lotliker; Melissa Omand; Andrew Lucas; Samuel Laney; Amala Mahadevan; M. Ravichandran (Oceanography, 2016)

The population genomics of rapid adaptation: disentangling signatures of selection and demography in white sands lizards - Stefan Laurent; Susanne P. Pfeifer; Matthew L. Settles; Samuel S. Hunter; Kayla M. Hardwick; Louise Ormond; Vitor C. Sousa; Jeffrey D. Jensen; Erica Bree Rosenblum (Molecular Ecology, 2016)
Understanding the process of adaptation during rapid environmental change remains one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology. The recently formed White Sands system of southern New Mexico offers an outstanding example of rapid adaptation, with a variety of species having rapidly evolved blanched forms on the dunes that contrast with their close relatives in the surrounding dark soil habitat. In this study, we focus on two of the White Sands lizard species, Sceloporus cowlesi and Aspidoscelis inornata , for which previous research has linked mutations in the melanocortin‐1 receptor gene ( Mc1r ) to blanched coloration. We sampled populations both on and off the dunes and used a custom sequence capture assay based on probed fosmid libraries to obtain >50 kb of sequence around Mc1r and hundreds of other random genomic locations. We then used model‐based statistical inference methods to describe the demographic and adaptive history characterizing the colonization of White Sands. We identified a number of similarities between the two focal species, including strong evidence of selection in the blanched populations in the Mc1r region. We also found important differences between the species, suggesting different colonization times, different genetic architecture underlying the blanched phenotype and different ages of the beneficial alleles. Finally, the beneficial allele is dominant in S. cowlesi and recessive in A. inornata , allowing for a rare empirical test of theoretically expected patterns of selective sweeps under these differing models.

Impact of Galvanic Anode Dissolution on Metal Trace Element Concentrations in Marine Waters - Jonathan Deborde; Philippe Refait; Paco Bustamante; Christelle Caplat; Olivier Basuyaux; Anne-Marie Grolleau; Marie-Laure Mahaut; Christophe Brach-Papa; Jean-Louis Gonzalez; Samuel Pineau (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2015)

Prevalence, intensity and risk factors of infestation with major gastrointestinal nematodes in equines in and around Shashemane, Southern Ethiopia - Zewdu Seyoum; Mulualem Tesfaye; Samuel Derso (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2015)

Wood density, but not leaf hydraulic architecture, is associated with drought tolerance in clones of Coffea canephora - Paulo E. Menezes-Silva; Paulo C. Cavatte; Samuel C. V. Martins; Josimar V. Reis; Lucas F. Pereira; Rodrigo T. Ávila; Andréa L. Almeida; Marília C. Ventrella; Fábio M. DaMatta (Trees, 2015)

Widespread intra-specific genetic homogeneity of coastal Antarctic benthic foraminifera - Wojciech Majewski; Samuel S. Bowser; Jan Pawlowski (Polar Biology, 2015)
Benthic foraminifera are a major component of the Antarctic biota. Coastal foraminiferal morphospecies are widely distributed in Antarctic waters. The question is whether these morphotypes are genetically identical or, rather, they represent a cohort of cryptic species. Here, we compared genetically nine benthic foraminiferal morphospecies from Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands) and the western Ross Sea (McMurdo Sound, Terra Nova Bay), separated by a distance of ~4500 km. Additionally, for three of these morphospecies, we included specimens from Rothera (Marguerite Bay), which is located between the two main areas of interest. Our study, based on SSU and ITS rDNA sequence data, shows that all examined morphospecies share the same genotypes despite the presence of considerable intra-individual genetic variability.

Desert wildfire impacts on plant community function - Kevin J. Horn; Joseph Wilkinson; Steven White; Samuel B. St. Clair (Plant Ecology, 2015)

Therapeutic Retrobulbar Inhibition of STAT3 Protects Ischemic Retina Ganglion Cells - Mansin Wong; Ying Li; Shang Li; Shaodan Zhang; Weiyi Li; Pei Zhang; Chaoran Chen; Colin J. Barnstable; Samuel S. Zhang; Chun Zhang; Ping Huang (Molecular Neurobiology, 2015)

Seasonal variations of surface duct conditions in Ngaoundere, North Cameroon - Samuel Kaissassou; André Lenouo; Armand Nzeukou; Clément Tchawoua; D. A. Vondou (Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2015)

Intraspecific Variation of Endocranial Structures in Extant Equus: A Prelude to Endocranial Studies in Fossil Equoids - Laure Danilo; Jean Remy; Monique Vianey-Liaud; Samuel Mérigeaud; Fabrice Lihoreau (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2015)

Addressing the environmental impacts of butachlor and the available remediation strategies: a systematic review - M. E. A. Abigail; S. M. Samuel; C. Ramalingam (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015)

Identification and characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with root rots of field pea in North Dakota - Kishore Chittem; Febina M. Mathew; Matthew Gregoire; Robin S. Lamppa; Yen Wei Chang; Samuel G. Markell; Carl A. Bradley; Tharcisse Barasubiye; Rubella S. Goswami (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015)

Miscanthus bioenergy crop stimulates nutrient-cycler bacteria and fungi in wastewater-contaminated agricultural soil - Emilie Bourgeois; Samuel Dequiedt; Mélanie Lelièvre; Folkert van Oort; Isabelle Lamy; Lionel Ranjard; Pierre Alain Maron (Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2015)

Positive effect of the Miscanthus bioenergy crop on microbial diversity in wastewater-contaminated soil - Emilie Bourgeois; Samuel Dequiedt; Mélanie Lelièvre; Folkert van Oort; Isabelle Lamy; Pierre-Alain Maron; Lionel Ranjard (Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2015)

On the modelling of steady turbulent fountains - Rabah Mehaddi; Samuel Vaux; Fabien Candelier; Olivier Vauquelin (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2015)

Adaptation frameworks used by US decision-makers: a literature review - Samuel A. Markolf; Kelly Klima; Terrence L. Wong (Environment Systems and Decisions, 2015)

Functional gene diversity and migration timing in reintroduced Chinook salmon - Melissa L. Evans; Samuel J. Shry; Dave P. Jacobson; Nicholas M. Sard; Kathleen G. O’Malley (Conservation Genetics, 2015)

Oxygen isotope record of oceanic and high-pressure metasomatism: a P–T–time–fluid path for the Monviso eclogites (Italy) - Daniela Rubatto; Samuel Angiboust (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2015)

Diel Variation in Flower Scent Reveals Poor Consistency of Diurnal and Nocturnal Pollination Syndromes in Sileneae - Samuel Prieto-Benítez; Stefan Dötterl; Luis Giménez-Benavides (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2015)

Comparison of DNA and hair-based approaches to dietary analysis of free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) - Carolyn Shores; Samrat Mondol; Samuel K. Wasser (Conservation Genetics Resources, 2015)

QTLs for Biomass and Developmental Traits in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) - David B. Lowry; Samuel H. Taylor; Jason Bonnette; Michael J. Aspinwall; Ashley L. Asmus; Tim H. Keitt; Christian M. Tobias; Thomas E. Juenger (BioEnergy Research, 2015)

I-C-SEA Change: A participatory tool for rapid assessment of vulnerability of tropical coastal communities to climate change impacts - Wilfredo Y. Licuanan; Maricar S. Samson; Samuel S. Mamauag; Laura T. David; Roselle Borja-del Rosario; Miledel Christine C. Quibilan; Fernando P. Siringan; Ma. Yvainne Y. Sta. Maria; Norievill B. España; Cesar L. Villanoy; Rollan C. Geronimo; Olivia C. Cabrera; et al. (Ambio, 2015)

New evidence for hybrid zones of forest and savanna elephants in Central and West Africa - Samrat Mondol; Ida Moltke; John Hart; Michael Keigwin; Lisa Brown; Matthew Stephens; Samuel K. Wasser (Molecular Ecology, 2015)
The African elephant consists of forest and savanna subspecies. Both subspecies are highly endangered due to severe poaching and habitat loss, and knowledge of their population structure is vital to their conservation. Previous studies have demonstrated marked genetic and morphological differences between forest and savanna elephants, and despite extensive sampling, genetic evidence of hybridization between them has been restricted largely to a few hybrids in the Garamba region of northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ). Here, we present new genetic data on hybridization from previously unsampled areas of Africa. Novel statistical methods applied to these data identify 46 hybrid samples – many more than have been previously identified – only two of which are from the Garamba region. The remaining 44 are from three other geographically distinct locations: a major hybrid zone along the border of the DRC and Uganda, a second potential hybrid zone in Central African Republic and a smaller fraction of hybrids in the Pendjari–Arli complex of West Africa. Most of the hybrids show evidence of interbreeding over more than one generation, demonstrating that hybrids are fertile. Mitochondrial and Y chromosome data demonstrate that the hybridization is bidirectional, involving males and females from both subspecies. We hypothesize that the hybrid zones may have been facilitated by poaching and habitat modification. The localized geography and rarity of hybrid zones, their possible facilitation from human pressures, and the high divergence and genetic distinctness of forest and savanna elephants throughout their ranges, are consistent with calls for separate species classification.

Will a warmer and wetter future cause extinction of native H awaiian forest birds? - Wei Liao; Oliver Elison Timm; Chunxi Zhang; Carter T. Atkinson; Dennis A. LaPointe; Michael D. Samuel (Global Change Biology, 2015)
Isolation of the Hawaiian archipelago produced a highly endemic and unique avifauna. Avian malaria ( Plasmodium relictum ), an introduced mosquito‐borne pathogen, is a primary cause of extinctions and declines of these endemic honeycreepers. Our research assesses how global climate change will affect future malaria risk and native bird populations. We used an epidemiological model to evaluate future bird–mosquito–malaria dynamics in response to alternative climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Climate changes during the second half of the century accelerate malaria transmission and cause a dramatic decline in bird abundance. Different temperature and precipitation patterns produce divergent trajectories where native birds persist with low malaria infection under a warmer and dryer projection ( RCP 4.5), but suffer high malaria infection and severe reductions under hot and dry ( RCP 8.5) or warm and wet (A1B) futures. We conclude that future global climate change will cause significant decreases in the abundance and diversity of remaining Hawaiian bird communities. Because these effects appear unlikely before mid‐century, natural resource managers have time to implement conservation strategies to protect this unique avifauna from further decimation. Similar climatic drivers for avian and human malaria suggest that mitigation strategies for Hawai'i have broad application to human health.

Impact of two different sized Stevenson screens on air temperature measurements - Samuel T. Buisan; Cesar Azorin‐Molina; Yolanda Jimenez (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)
In this study we evaluated the impact of the size of two naturally ventilated wooden Stevenson screens on air temperature measurements in the first‐order meteorological station of Calamocha (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain). The 1‐year field experiment consisted of comparing air temperatures measured at the two most commonly sized Stevenson screens used by the Spanish Meteorological State Agency ( AEMET ) since last century; the medium‐sized Stevenson screen employed at the second‐order weather stations, versus the large‐sized Stevenson screen mainly used at the first‐order meteorological stations. The main objective was to report the air temperature difference between these two differently sized Stevenson screens, and to study the impact on the observed differences of some weather elements (i.e. relative humidity, wind speed, total cloud cover, atmospheric pressure and global solar radiation). The results show that the medium‐sized Stevenson screen tended to overheat daily maximum air temperatures (0.54 °C on yearly average) and also air temperatures recorded at 1300 UTC . The differences on daily minimum air temperatures were negligible (−0.11 °C on yearly average). This overheating bias (not statistically significant) occurred under anticyclonic situations that lead to clear skies, high solar radiation, weak winds and low relative humidity. The bias appeared throughout the whole year but in particular during the warm season from May through October. Air temperature observations from the nearby station Daroca confirmed an overheating bias introduced by a change from a large‐sized Stevenson screen to a medium‐sized one in Calamocha.

Erratum to: Clinical Immunogenicity of rHuPH20, a Hyaluronidase Enabling Subcutaneous Drug Administration - Sanna Rosengren; Samuel S. Dychter; Marie A. Printz; Lei Huang; Richard I. Schiff; Hans-Peter Schwarz; John K. McVey; Fred H. Drake; Dan C. Maneval; Don A. Kennard; Gregory I. Frost; Barry J. Sugarman; et al. (The AAPS Journal, 2015)

Evolution of dispersal in asexual populations: to be independent, clumped or grouped? - Samuel Soubeyrand; Ivan Sache; Frédéric Hamelin; Etienne K. Klein (Evolutionary Ecology, 2015)

Contribution of Nutrient and Organic Matter Sources to the Development of Periodic Hypoxia in a Tributary Estuary - Samuel J. Lake; Mark J. Brush (Estuaries and Coasts, 2015)

A review of the ecohydrology of the Sakumo wetland in Ghana - Cynthia Nonterah; Yongxin Xu; Shiloh Osae; Thomas T. Akiti; Samuel B. Dampare (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2015)

Characterizing the effects of policy instruments on the future costs of carbon capture for coal power plants - Gregory F. Nemet; Erin Baker; Bob Barron; Samuel Harms (Climatic Change, 2015)