Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Fe-Modified Nano-FeS for Enhancing Sorption of Thallium from Water - Xuexia Huang; Qisheng Huang; Dinggui Luo; Qihang Wu; Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani; Tangfu Xiao; Hongguo Zhang; Lei Huang (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2022)

The economic effects of grazing in small-scale lamb fattening production systems in central México through a scenario analysis - Jesús Armando Salinas-Martínez; Rodolfo Rogelio Posadas-Domínguez; Juan Carlos Ángeles-Hernández; Leydi Diana Morales-Díaz; Samuel Rebollar-Rebollar; Rolando Rojo-Rubio; Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

A Method for Analyzing Electromagnetic Heating Assisted Water Flooding Process for Heavy Oil Recovery - Samuel O. de Almeida; Pacelli L. J. Zitha; Grigori Chapiro (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Extended Ischemic Recovery After Implantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates Indicated by Sodium MRI at 21.1 T - Shannon Helsper; F. Andrew Bagdasarian; Xuegang Yuan; Kaya Xu; Jea-Young Lee; Jens T. Rosenberg; Cesario V. Borlongan; Teng Ma; Samuel C. Grant (Translational Stroke Research, 2022)

A Review on the Mitigation of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution using Sugarcane Bagasse - Kingsley O. Iwuozor; Ifeoluwa Peter Oyekunle; Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye; Enoch Mayowa Ibitogbe; Temidayo Samuel Olorunfemi (Sugar Tech, 2022)

Effects of modafinil on electroencephalographic microstates in healthy adults - Samantha R. Linton; Michael Murphy; Hans S. Schroder; Micah Breiger; Ann M. Iturra-Mena; Brian D. Kangas; Jack Bergman; William A. Carlezon; Victoria B. Risbrough; Samuel A. Barnes; Andre Der-Avakian; Diego A. Pizzagalli (Psychopharmacology, 2022)

Conservative N cycling despite high atmospheric deposition in early successional African tropical lowland forests - Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele; Marijn Bauters; Kris Verheyen; Matti Barthel; Johan Six; Tobias Rütting; Samuel Bodé; Landry Cizungu Ntaboba; Basile Mujinya Bazirake; Faustin Boyemba Bosela; Fabrice Kimbesa; Corneille Ewango; et al. (Plant and Soil, 2022)

Lack of an Effect of Polysorbate 80 on Intestinal Drug Permeability in Humans - Melissa Metry; Samuel A. Krug; Vijaya Kumari Karra; Sean Ekins; Stephen W. Hoag; Maureen A. Kane; Jeffrey C. Fink; James E. Polli (Pharmaceutical Research, 2022)

Development of a proteochemometric-based support vector machine model for predicting bioactive molecules of tubulin receptors - Odame Agyapong; Whelton A. Miller; Michael D. Wilson; Samuel K. Kwofie (Molecular Diversity, 2022)

Association patterns and community structure among female bottlenose dolphins: environmental, genetic and cultural factors - Svenja M. Marfurt; Simon J. Allen; Manuela R. Bizzozzero; Erik P. Willems; Stephanie L. King; Richard C. Connor; Anna M. Kopps; Sonja Wild; Livia Gerber; Samuel Wittwer; Michael Krützen (Mammalian Biology, 2022)
Social structuring from assortative associations may affect individual fitness, as well as population-level processes. Gaining a broader understanding of social structure can improve our knowledge of social evolution and inform wildlife conservation. We investigated association patterns and community structure of female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, assessing the role of kinship, shared culturally transmitted foraging techniques, and habitat similarity based on water depth. Our results indicated that associations are influenced by a combination of uni- and biparental relatedness, cultural behaviour and habitat similarity, as these were positively correlated with a measure of dyadic association. These findings were matched in a community level analysis. Members of the same communities overwhelmingly shared the same habitat and foraging techniques, demonstrating a strong homophilic tendency. Both uni- and biparental relatedness between dyads were higher within than between communities. Our results illustrate that intraspecific variation in sociality in bottlenose dolphins is influenced by a complex combination of genetic, cultural, and environmental aspects.

Variation among DNA banking consent forms: points for clinicians to bank on - Samuel J. Huang; Laura M. Amendola; Darci L. Sternen (Journal of Community Genetics, 2022)

Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: review of the evidence from an expert group meeting - Louisa Samuels; Britt Nakstad; Nathalie Roos; Ana Bonell; Matthew Chersich; George Havenith; Stanley Luchters; Louise-Tina Day; Jane E. Hirst; Tanya Singh; Kirsty Elliott-Sale; Robyn Hetem; et al. (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2022)
Many populations experience high seasonal temperatures. Pregnant women are considered vulnerable to extreme heat because ambient heat exposure has been linked to pregnancy complications including preterm birth and low birthweight. The physiological mechanisms that underpin these associations are poorly understood. We reviewed the existing research evidence to clarify the mechanisms that lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in order to inform public health actions. A multi-disciplinary expert group met to review the existing evidence base and formulate a consensus regarding the physiological mechanisms that mediate the effect of high ambient temperature on pregnancy. A literature search was conducted in advance of the meeting to identify existing hypotheses and develop a series of questions and themes for discussion. Numerous hypotheses have been generated based on animal models and limited observational studies. There is growing evidence that pregnant women are able to appropriately thermoregulate; however, when exposed to extreme heat, there are a number of processes that may occur which could harm the mother or fetus including a reduction in placental blood flow, dehydration, and an inflammatory response that may trigger preterm birth. There is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the processes that cause heat exposure to harm pregnant women. Research is urgently needed to identify what causes the adverse outcomes in pregnancy related to high ambient temperatures so that the impact of climate change on pregnant women can be mitigated.

Recycling plastic wastes for production of sustainable and decorative plastic pavement bricks - Samuel Kofi Tulashie; Daniel Dodoo; Atiiga Abdul-Wadud Ibrahim; Stephen Mensah; Sandra Atisey; Raphael Odai; David Mensah (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Defect-oriented supportive bridge inspection system featuring building information modeling and augmented reality - Immanuel John Samuel; Ossama Salem; Song He (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Comparative analysis of the survival and regeneration potential of juvenile and matured earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, upon in vivo and in vitro maintenance - Kamarajan Rajagopalan; Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj; Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai; Jemima Kamalapriya John Samuel Gnanaraja; Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj (In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 2022)

The challenges of a food sovereignty perspective: an analysis of the foodways of the Rama indigenous group, Nicaragua - Andrew Papworth; Mark Maslin; Samuel Randalls (Food Security, 2022)
Despite its prominence within food security debates, Food Sovereignty is still a developing and contested concept. This article illustrates two of the tensions within the Food Sovereignty literature through an analysis of the foodways of the Rama indigenous group in Nicaragua. Firstly, the results show that there is considerable heterogeneity in how the Rama source their food and that, for most Rama, engagement with the market economy is critical to ensuring their own food security. This presents a further challenge to the idea that Food Sovereignty should only promote a one-size-fits-all “small-scale farming” approach to food security. Secondly, the paper shows there is considerable conflict over resources between the Rama and Pacific Nicaraguans who have encroached on their territory. This finding reinforces the view that Food Sovereignty needs to be further developed to be able to give clear direction in similar instances. This article concludes by arguing that although these tensions need to be resolved in order to boost the utility of Food Sovereignty on the ground, the concept can provide a useful theoretical arena in which to highlight the food security threats that are faced by communities like the Rama.

Assessment of released natural radionuclides by waste rock pile and mining pit associated with a uranium mine at Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Wagner S. Pereira; Alphonse Kelecom; Maxime Charles-Pierre; José M. Lopes; Emanuele L. C. Campelo; Cleber B. Espindola; Alessander S. Carmo; Delcy A. Py Junior; Samuel Q. Pelegrineli; Ademir X. Silva (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Degradation of doxycycline antibiotics using lanthanum copper oxide microspheres under simulated sunlight - Jijoe Samuel Prabagar; Shivamurthy Ravindra Yashas; Bannimath Gurupadayya; Kitirote Wantala; Das Bhusan Diganta; Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

The environmental consequences of foreign aid and key economic indicators: the Sino-Africa perspective - Kofi Baah Boamah; Jianguo Du; Isaac Adjei Mensah; Samuel Antwi; Abdul-Samad Siddique; James Ntiamoah Doku (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Development of termites severity probability map of futa campus area using geographical information system (GIS) technology - Jacob Mayowa Owoyemi; Emmanuel Uchechukwu Opara; Samuel Olumide Akande; Joshua Tosin Olarenwaju; Joseph Adeola Fuwape (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Country specific low carbon commitments versus equitable and practical company specific decarbonisation targets - Harmke Immink; Robbie Louw; Amy Garlick; Samuel Vosper; Alan Brent (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Grazing Increases Soil Warming in Headwater Wetlands: Importance to Land Managers and Water Users - D. Terrance Booth; John C. Likins; Samuel E. Cox; Jay B. Norton; Richard C. Anderson-Sprecher (Ecosystems, 2022)
The earth’s mountains continue to lose water. Glaciers are melting and mountain snow/rain balance tilts increasingly liquescent. Water is running off sooner—sometimes overfilling reservoirs, causing flooding, and setting the stage for late-season shortages. One adaptive strategy is to recover and enhance water-storage capacities of headwater riparian systems. Grazing, a common use of headwater lands, affects both soils and vegetation. To better understand how grazing might affect water storage and other ecosystem services of high elevation riparian wetlands, we measured soil-profile temperatures, soil organic matter (SOM), and phytomass at six sites in the upper Sweetwater River sub-basin of Wyoming, USA, where fence lines allowed us to contrast grazing management. We found grazed wetlands consistently had warmer soils than fenced wetlands. We found added evidence that SOM is important in both soil temperature control and water-storage potential of wetlands. We review evidence that warmer soil temperatures and drying cause loss of SOM with the implied concomitant C losses through erosion and emissions. We recommend land managers of temperate-climate headwater systems consider the need to end growing seasons with full stands of riparian vegetation to reduce soil warming and to build organic matter—particularly on lands where municipalities and other downstream water users are seeking long-term increases in water yields and less flooding.

Genome characterization and complete sequence of a new badnavirus from Pandanus amaryllifolius - Robert A. Alvarez-Quinto; Samuel Grinstead; Philippe Rott; Dimitre Mollov (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) mediates growth factor-induced angiogenesis by regulating endothelial cell chemotaxis - Lorna M. Cryan; Tsz-Ming Tsang; Jessica Stiles; Lauren Bazinet; Sai Lun Lee; Samuel Garrard; Erika Madrian; Cody Roberts; Jessie Payne; Andrew Jensen; Arthur E. Frankel; P. Christine Ackroyd; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2022)

Evaluating expert‐based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS‐ tracking data - Maarten J. E. Broekman; Jelle P. Hilbers; Mark A. J. Huijbregts; Thomas Mueller; Abdullahi H. Ali; Henrik Andrén; Jeanne Altmann; Malin Aronsson; Nina Attias; Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks; Floris M. van Beest; Jerrold L. Belant; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert‐based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert‐based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert‐based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS‐tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location Worldwide. Time period 1998–2021. Major taxa studied Forty‐nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS‐based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions We show how GPS‐tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS‐tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re‐evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.

Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue - Hazel A. Jackson; Lawrence Percival‐Alwyn; Camilla Ryan; Mohammed F. Albeshr; Luca Venturi; Hernán E. Morales; Thomas C. Mathers; Jonathan Cocker; Samuel A. Speak; Gonzalo G. Accinelli; Tom Barker; Darren Heavens; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
The pink pigeon ( Nesoenas mayeri ) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive‐bred individuals were released into free‐living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site‐associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free‐living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive‐bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.

Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human‐dominated tiger‐conservation landscape - Jay M. Schoen; Amrita Neelakantan; Samuel A. Cushman; Trishna Dutta; Bilal Habib; Yadvendradev V. Jhala; Indranil Mondal; Uma Ramakrishnan; P. Anuradha Reddy; Swati Saini; Sandeep Sharma; Prachi Thatte; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2022)
As ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human‐dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized five independent studies of tiger ( Panthera tigris ) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the five studies’ resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current‐flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current‐flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs’ area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, and infrastructure planners.

Real-world effectiveness of casirivimab plus indevimab in a dedicated ambulatory unit created for patients with early COVID-19 during a massive delta variant wave - Samuel Markowicz; Theo Trioux; Clémence Rulquin; Chloé Le Guillou; Rachida Ouissa; Cécile Loraux; Marion Saliege; Pierre-Marie Roger (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2022)

Genetic diversity of medically important scorpions of the genus Centruroides (Buthidae) from Panama including two endemic species - Samuel Escudero-Sanjur; Edgardo Castro-Perez; Hildaura Acosta De Patiño; Ichwaku Rastogi; Carlos W. Ramos (Journal of Genetics, 2022)

Numerical Investigation of the Sediment Hyperpycnal Flow in the Yellow River Estuary - Zhiguo He; Baoxin Xu; Samuel Ukpong Okon; Li Li (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
Sediment hyperpycnal flow is one of the most important processes for mass transport, which is essential to coastal morphodynamics. Herein, we studied the generation and maintenance of the sediment hyperpycnal flow in the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) using a three-dimensional finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). The model considered the effect of sediment-laden water on density stratification, and was validated by field hydrodynamic and sediment data. Numerical results revealed that the hyperpycnal flow shows periodic characteristics with tidal cycles where the flow is weakened during flood tides and enhanced during ebb tides. A high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of about 30–40 kg/m3 constitutes an important factor in the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High river discharge with high SSC is essential for maintaining the hyperpycnal flow in the YRE. The Simpson potential energy theory was applied to study the processes of estuarine circulation, tidal straining, and tidal stirring in the YRE. The tidal straining is the main control factor of the periodic stratification-mixing process of hyperpycnal flows in the YRE. Along the axis of the river mouth, the momentum balance is mainly dominated by the pressure gradient and advection.

Spatial Dynamics of Pollution in a Tropical Lagoon Ecosystem and Its Social-Ecological Impacts - Samuel Appiah Ofori; Sunanda Kodikara Arachchilage; Loku Pulukkuttige Jayatissa; Udara Vishwa Gunathilaka; Isuru Wijesundara; Thanne Walawwe Gedera Fathima Mafaz Nijamdeen; Farid Dahdouh-Guebas (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2022)

Comparison Between Pure Component Modeling Approaches for Monitoring Pharmaceutical Powder Blends with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Continuous Manufacturing Schemes - Adam J. Rish; Samuel R. Henson; Md. Anik Alam; Yang Liu; James K. Drennen; Carl A. Anderson (The AAPS Journal, 2022)

Advances in protoplast transfection promote efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in tetraploid potato - Gulzar A. Rather; Dana Ayzenshtat; Paula Teper-Bamnolker; Manoj Kumar; Zohar Forotan; Dani Eshel; Samuel Bocobza (Planta, 2022)

In vitro morphophysiological responses of Alternanthera tenella colla (Amaranthaceae) to stress induced by cadmium and the attenuating action of silicon - Franciele Pereira Rossini; João Paulo Rodrigues Martins; Samuel Werner Moreira; Lorenzo Toscano Conde; Evens Clairvil; Priscila da Conceição de Souza Braga; Antelmo Ralph Falqueto; Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2022)

Somatic non-cancerous overgrowth syndrome of obscure molecular etiology: what are the causes and options? - Alexandre P. Garneau; Ludwig Haydock; Laurence E. Tremblay; Pierre-Luc Harvey-Michaud; Yun-Hua Esther Hsiao; Samuel P. Strom; Guillaume Canaud; Paul Isenring (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2022)

Escape from the heat: thermal stratification in a well-mixed estuary and implications for fish species facing a changing climate - Brian Mahardja; Samuel M. Bashevkin; Catarina Pien; Michelle Nelson; Brittany E. Davis; Rosemary Hartman (Hydrobiologia, 2022)
Climate change may cause organisms to seek thermal refuge from rising temperatures, either by shifting their ranges or seeking microrefugia within their existing ranges. We evaluate the potential for thermal stratification to provide refuge for two fish species in the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary): Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum, 1792) and Delta Smelt ( Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963). We compiled water temperature data from multiple monitoring programs to evaluate spatial, daily, hourly, intra-annual, and inter-annual trends in stratification using generalized additive models. We used our models to predict the locations and periods of time that the bottom of the water column could function as thermal refuge for salmon and smelt. Periods in which the bottom was cooler than surface primarily occurred during the peak of summer and during the afternoons, with more prominent stratification during warmer years. Although the Estuary is often exceedingly warm for fish species and well-mixed overall, we identified potential thermal refugia in a long and deep terminal channel for Delta Smelt, and in the periods bordering summer for Chinook Salmon. Thermal stratification may increase as the climate warms, and pockets of cooler water at depth, though limited, may become more important for at-risk fishes in the future.

Applications of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Technology to Support Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the UN Sustainable Development Goals at the Coast - Sarah Kandrot; Samuel Hayes; Paul Holloway (Estuaries and Coasts, 2022)
Data and information obtained from low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as ‘drones’, can be used to support integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and sustainable development at the coast. Several recent studies in various disciplines, including ecology, engineering, and several branches of physical and human geography, describe the applications of UAV technology with practical coastal management potential, yet the extent to which such data can contribute to these activities remains underexplored. The main objective of this paper is to collate this knowledge to highlight the areas in which UAV technology can contribute to ICZM and can influence the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the coast. We focus on applications with practical potential for coastal management activities and assess their accessibility in terms of cost, ease of use, and maturity. We identified ten (out of the 17) SDGs to which UAVs can contribute data and information. Examples of applications include surveillance of illegal fishing and aquaculture activities, seaweed resource assessments, cost-estimation of post-storm damages, and documentation of natural and cultural heritage sites under threat from, for example, erosion and sea-level rise. An awareness of how UAVs can contribute to ICZM, as well as the limitations of the technology, can help coastal practitioners to evaluate their options for future management activities.

Spatial impact of foreign direct investment on ecological footprint in Africa - Sodiq Arogundade; Biyase Mduduzi; Adewale Samuel Hassan (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

In vitro release, ex vivo penetration, and in vivo dermatokinetics of ketoconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery - Mohhammad Ramzan; Samuel Gourion-Arsiquaud; Afzal Hussain; Jaspreet Singh Gulati; Qihong Zhang; Sonia Trehan; Vinam Puri; Bozena Michniak-Kohn; Indu Pal Kaur (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2022)

MetaMAP: a graphical tool for designing initiatives to support multiple sustainability goals - Ray Maher; Samuel Mann; Clive A. McAlpine (Sustainability Science, 2022)
This paper presents MetaMAP: a new graphical tool and framework for designing well-integrated sustainability initiatives, and managing synergies and trade-offs regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are highly interconnected, but many institutional structures and thinking paradigms lead us to look at them in isolation. This stifles innovation and social transformation. Most tools and frameworks, while valuable, focus on analysis, not design, and are limited to a particular discipline, sector, SDG, or geographic scale. Without holistic frameworks and collaborative tools, many sustainability practitioners may be playing chess without a board. To support a more integrated approach to achieve the SDGs, MetaMAP resembles architectural design tools which help users to synthesise knowledge, reframe complex situations, and identify stakeholders, leverage points, synergies, and trade-offs. MetaMAP applies a new meta-framework to organise concept maps developed collaboratively by interdisciplinary teams following a guided process. This framework integrates components of the natural environment, built environment, and society across multiple spatial and temporal scales. It incorporates concepts from social-ecological systems, planetary boundaries, design thinking, integral theory, ecosystem services, and ecological footprint, among others. MetaMAP was designed with input from over 170 people from diverse disciplines in five workshops, numerous case studies, and critique. This article demonstrates MetaMAP through its application to a case study in which a multidisciplinary team analysed the impacts of an Ecovillage across scales and designed synergetic initiatives. We then critique MetaMAP from four disciplinary perspectives. We envision that MetaMAP will support the design of sustainability initiatives which are more efficient, more broadly supported, and contribute to multiple SDGs simultaneously. By taking a systems view and applying design thinking, MetaMAP helps users to understand interlinkages, maximise synergies, and minimise trade-offs when designing specific SDG initiatives.

Integration of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting systems and soil amendments improve crop yield under semi-arid conditions - Erastus Mak-Mensah; Frederick Kwame Yeboah; Peter Bilson Obour; Samaila Usman; Eunice Essel; Emily Patience Bakpa; Dengkui Zhang; Xujiao Zhou; Xiaoyun Wang; Xiaole Zhao; Wucheng Zhao; Qi Wang; et al. (Paddy and Water Environment, 2022)

Patterns of free amino acids in tundra soils reflect mycorrhizal type, shrubification, and warming - Louise C. Andresen; Samuel Bodé; Robert G. Björk; Anders Michelsen; Rien Aerts; Pascal Boeckx; J. Hans C. Cornelissen; Kari Klanderud; Richard S. P. van Logtestijn; Tobias Rütting (Mycorrhiza, 2022)
The soil nitrogen (N) cycle in cold terrestrial ecosystems is slow and organically bound N is an important source of N for plants in these ecosystems. Many plant species can take up free amino acids from these infertile soils, either directly or indirectly via their mycorrhizal fungi. We hypothesized that plant community changes and local plant community differences will alter the soil free amino acid pool and composition; and that long-term warming could enhance this effect. To test this, we studied the composition of extractable free amino acids at five separate heath, meadow, and bog locations in subarctic and alpine Scandinavia, with long-term (13 to 24 years) warming manipulations. The plant communities all included a mixture of ecto-, ericoid-, and arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species. Vegetation dominated by grasses and forbs with arbuscular and non-mycorrhizal associations showed highest soil free amino acid content, distinguishing them from the sites dominated by shrubs with ecto- and ericoid-mycorrhizal associations. Warming increased shrub and decreased moss cover at two sites, and by using redundancy analysis, we found that altered soil free amino acid composition was related to this plant cover change. From this, we conclude that the mycorrhizal type is important in controlling soil N cycling and that expansion of shrubs with ectomycorrhiza (and to some extent ericoid mycorrhiza) can help retain N within the ecosystems by tightening the N cycle.

First record of Pheretima vungtauensis (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in India and its phylogenetic relationship with Metaphire houlleti - Nalini Tiwari; Samuel W. James; Shweta Yadav (Biologia, 2022)

Cryptic extinction risk in a western Pacific lizard radiation - Peter J. McDonald; Rafe M. Brown; Fred Kraus; Philip Bowles; Umilaela Arifin; Samuel J. Eliades; Robert N. Fisher; Maren Gaulke; L. Lee Grismer; Ivan Ineich; Benjamin R. Karin; Camila G. Meneses; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)
Cryptic ecologies, the Wallacean Shortfall of undocumented species’ geographical ranges and the Linnaean Shortfall of undescribed diversity, are all major barriers to conservation assessment. When these factors overlap with drivers of extinction risk, such as insular distributions, the number of threatened species in a region or clade may be underestimated, a situation we term ‘cryptic extinction risk’. The genus Lepidodactylus is a diverse radiation of insular and arboreal geckos that occurs across the western Pacific. Previous work on Lepidodactylus showed evidence of evolutionary displacement around continental fringes, suggesting an inherent vulnerability to extinction from factors such as competition and predation. We sought to (1) comprehensively review status and threats, (2) estimate the number of undescribed species, and (3) estimate extinction risk in data deficient and candidate species, in Lepidodactylus . From our updated IUCN Red List assessment, 60% of the 58 recognized species are threatened (n = 15) or Data Deficient (n = 21), which is higher than reported for most other lizard groups. Species from the smaller and isolated Pacific islands are of greatest conservation concern, with most either threatened or Data Deficient, and all particularly vulnerable to invasive species. We estimated 32 undescribed candidate species and linear modelling predicted that an additional 18 species, among these and the data deficient species, are threatened with extinction. Focusing efforts to resolve the taxonomy and conservation status of key taxa, especially on small islands in the Pacific, is a high priority for conserving this remarkably diverse, yet poorly understood, lizard fauna. Our data highlight how cryptic ecologies and cryptic diversity combine and lead to significant underestimation of extinction risk.

In Vivo Changes in Dynamic Adjacent Segment Motion 1 Year After One and Two-Level Cervical Arthrodesis - Clarissa M. LeVasseur; Samuel W. Pitcairn; David O. Okonkwo; Adam S. Kanter; Jeremy D. Shaw; William F. Donaldson; Joon Y. Lee; William J. Anderst (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2022)

Seasonal dynamics of marine protist communities in tidally mixed coastal waters - Mariarita Caracciolo; Fabienne Rigaut‐Jalabert; Sarah Romac; Frédéric Mahé; Samuel Forsans; Jean‐Philippe Gac; Laure Arsenieff; Maxime Manno; Samuel Chaffron; Thierry Cariou; Mark Hoebeke; Yann Bozec; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Major seasonal community reorganizations and associated biomass variations are landmarks of plankton ecology. However, the processes of plankton community turnover rates have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, we analyse patterns of planktonic protist community succession in temperate latitudes, based on quantitative taxonomic data from both microscopy counts (cells >10 μm) and ribosomal DNA metabarcoding (size fraction >3 μm, 18S rRNA gene) from plankton samples collected bimonthly over 8 years (2009–2016) at the SOMLIT‐Astan station (Roscoff, Western English Channel). Based on morphology, diatoms were clearly the dominating group all year round and over the study period. Metabarcoding uncovered a wider diversity spectrum and revealed the prevalence of Dinophyceae and diatoms but also of Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Cercozoa, Syndiniales and Ciliophora in terms of read counts and or richness. The use of morphological and molecular analyses in combination allowed improving the taxonomic resolution and to identify the sequence of the dominant species and OTUs (18S V4 rDNA‐derived taxa) that drive annual plankton successions. We detected that some of these dominant OTUs were benthic as a result of the intense tidal mixing typical of the French coasts in the English Channel. Our analysis of the temporal structure of community changes point to a strong seasonality and resilience. The temporal structure of environmental variables (especially Photosynthetic Active Radiation, temperature and macronutrients) and temporal structures generated by species life cycles and or species interactions, are key drivers of the observed cyclic annual plankton turnover.

Signatures of selection in core and accessory genomes indicate different ecological drivers of diversification among Bacillus cereus clades - Hugh White; Michiel Vos; Samuel K. Sheppard; Ben Pascoe; Ben Raymond (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Bacterial clades are often ecologically distinct, despite extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT). How selection works on different parts of bacterial pan‐genomes to drive and maintain the emergence of clades is unclear. Focusing on the three largest clades in the diverse and well‐studied Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, we identified clade‐specific core genes (present in all clade members) and then used clade‐specific allelic diversity to identify genes under purifying and diversifying selection. Clade‐specific accessory genes (present in a subset of strains within a clade) were characterized as being under selection using presence/absence in specific clades. Gene ontology analyses of genes under selection revealed that different gene functions were enriched in different clades. Furthermore, some gene functions were enriched only amongst clade‐specific core or accessory genomes. Genes under purifying selection were often clade‐specific, while genes under diversifying selection showed signs of frequent HGT. These patterns are consistent with different selection pressures acting on both the core and the accessory genomes of different clades and can lead to ecological divergence in both cases. Examining variation in allelic diversity allows us to uncover genes under clade‐specific selection, allowing ready identification of strains and their ecological niche.

The effect of age, sex, and resource abundance on patterns of rake markings in resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) - Charli Grimes; Lauren J. N. Brent; Michael N. Weiss; Daniel W. Franks; Kenneth C. Balcomb; David K. Ellifrit; Samuel Ellis; Darren P. Croft (Marine Mammal Science, 2022)
Fluctuations in aggressive behavior of group‐living species can reflect social conflict and competition for resources faced by individuals throughout their lifespan and can negatively impact survival and reproduction. In marine mammals, where social interactions are difficult to observe, tooth rake marks can be used as an indicator of received aggression. Using 38 years of photographic data, we quantified the occurrence of tooth rake marks on wild resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), examining the effects of age, sex, and prey abundance on rake density. Our analysis revealed sex and age effects, with males exhibiting higher rake density than females and rake density declining significantly with age. Contrary to predictions, we observed an increase in rake density across the population as the abundance of their primary food resource, Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), increased. These results provide indirect evidence of fluctuations in received aggression from conspecifics across the lifespan of an individual, possibly reflecting changes in patterns of social conflict which may be mediated by resource abundance. Our findings highlight the need for further research to examine the fitness consequences of aggression in killer whales and to understand the proximate mechanisms by which resource abundance influences rates of aggression in the population.

Thirty‐five years of tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier relative abundance near Bimini, The Bahamas, and the Southeastern United States with a comparison across jurisdictional bounds - Matthew J. Smukall; John Carlson; Steven T. Kessel; Tristan L. Guttridge; Félicie Dhellemmes; Andrew C. Seitz; Samuel Gruber (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
Abundances of large sharks are reported to have declined worldwide, and in response various levels of fisheries management and conservation efforts have been established. For example, marine‐protected areas have been suggested as a means to protect large expanses of ocean from fishing and other industrial activities ( e.g. , habitat destruction), and in 2011 The Commonwealth of The Bahamas established The Bahamas Shark Sanctuary. Nonetheless, assessing the effectiveness of conservation efforts is challenging because consistent long‐term data sets of shark abundances are often lacking, especially throughout the Caribbean and The Bahamas. In this study, the authors investigated the catch rates and demographics of tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier caught in a fishery‐independent survey near Bimini, The Bahamas, from 1984 to 2019 to assess relative abundance trends following the banning of longline fishing in 1993 and the subsequent establishment of the shark sanctuary. To contextualize the relative abundance trends near Bimini, the authors compared this to the relative abundance of tiger sharks in a fishery‐dependent survey from the Southeastern USA (SE USA), conducted from 1994 to 2019. The data of this study suggest that local abundance of tiger sharks has been stable near Bimini since the 1980s, including after the ban of longline fishing and the implementation of the shark sanctuary. In comparison, the abundance near the SE USA has slowly increased in the past decade, following potential declines in the decade preceding the USA Shark Management Plan. The results of this study provide some optimism that current conservation efforts in The Bahamas have been effective to maintain local tiger shark abundance within the protected area. In addition, current fisheries management in the SE USA is allowing this species to recover within those waters.

Detection of climate transitions and discontinuities by Hurst rescaling - David R. Legates; Samuel I. Outcalt (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
The method of Outcalt et al., based on work developed originally by Hurst, is re‐examined to evaluate its efficacy in delineating changes in trends and identifying regime shifts in climatic‐related time series. This technique is based on the concept of the normalized rescaled running sum where temporal changes in the Hurst exponent can be used to identify climatic trends from one regime to another as each regime has a characteristic distribution that differs from the statistical characteristics of the complete time series. An examination of the temporal change in the amplitude of the normalized rescaled running sum can be used as a method to identify these regime changes, which may be either real (i.e., a true climatic shift) or induced (i.e., through a change in measurement bias, station location, or other nonclimatic influence). Examples shown here focus on examining time series of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Arctic thaw depth, the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent, treeflow data from Lees Ferry (AZ), North Atlantic tropical cyclone frequency, and central England air temperatures.

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids From the E2-Segment of the East Scotia Ridge: Magmatic Input, Reaction Zone Processes, Fluid Mixing Regimes and Bioenergetic Landscapes - Samuel I. Pereira; Alexander Diehl; Jill M. McDermott; Thomas Pape; Lukas Klose; Harald Strauss; Gerhard Bohrmann; Wolfgang Bach (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The compositions of hydrothermal fluids in back-arc basins (BABs) can be affected by the influx of magmatic fluids into systems that are dominated by reactions between basement rocks and seawater-derived fluids. The East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Scotia Sea hosts such hydrothermal systems where the role of magmatic fluid influx has not yet been addressed. During expedition PS119 in 2019, three chimneys were sampled from the E2 segment. These samples were analysed for their chemical and isotopic composition along with fluid inclusions in corresponding precipitates. Our data provide evidence for the temporal evolution of hydrothermal fluids in this remote back-arc system. Salinity variations in anhydrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate that phase separation takes place in the subseafloor. Moderate-temperature (<53°C) fluids from the newly discovered E2-West hydrothermal vent field and high-temperature (>320°C) fluids from the E2-South area were sampled. Depletions in fluid-mobile elements, ΣREE and low δ 18 O H2O show that the basement in this root zone has been leached since the previous sampling in 2010. The results indicate that high-temperature fluid-rock interactions are key in setting the composition of the fluids with cation-to-chloride ratios suggesting a common root zone for both vent sites. The concentrations of dissolved gases provide new insights in the connection between magmatic degassing and its influence on endmember vent fluid composition. Specifically, stable isotope (O, H) data and elevated CO 2 concentrations point to a minor influx of magmatic vapour. Stable sulphur isotopes provide no evidence for SO 2 disproportionation suggesting a H 2 O-CO 2 dominated nature of these vapours. The concentrations of conservative elements in the E2-W fluid reflects subseafloor mixing between E2-S endmember fluid and seawater. In contrast, non-conservative behaviour, and depletion of Fe, H 2 , and H 2 S point to a combination of sub-surface abiotic and biotic reactions affecting these fluids. Similarly, E2-W fluids show evidence for H 2 S and CH 4 being metabolized in the subseafloor. Thermodynamic computations confirm that the E2 system is dominated by sulphide oxidation as a major catabolic pathway. Our results indicate that the conditions at E2 are favourable to hosting a robust subseafloor biosphere.

Evaluation of Monthly Precipitation Data from Three Gridded Climate Data Products over Nigeria - Samuel T. Ogunjo; Christiana F. Olusegun; Ibiyinka A. Fuwape (Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 2022)

Predicting and Forecasting Mine Water Parameters Using a Hybrid Intelligent System - Kagiso Samuel More; Christian Wolkersdorfer (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Scientists Against War: A Plea to World Leaders for Better Governance - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Velayudhan Mohan Kumar; Namasivayam Ganesh Pandian; Joop T. de Jong; Sudalaikannu Andiappan; Alexandru Corlateanu; Arehally Marappa Mahalaksmi; Saravana Babu Chidambaram; Ramasamy Rajesh Kumar; Chellamuthu Ramasubramanian; Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam; Alvhild Alette Bjørkum; et al. (Sleep and Vigilance, 2022)

Effects of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist volinanserin on head-twitch response and intracranial self-stimulation depression induced by different structural classes of psychedelics in rodents - Alaina M. Jaster; Harrison Elder; Samuel A. Marsh; Mario de la Fuente Revenga; S. Stevens Negus; Javier González-Maeso (Psychopharmacology, 2022)

Medium-resolution multispectral satellite imagery in precision agriculture: mapping precision canola (Brassica napus L.) yield using Sentinel-2 time series - Lan H. Nguyen; Samuel Robinson; Paul Galpern (Precision Agriculture, 2022)

A publicly available dataset of out-of-field dose profiles of a 6 MV linear accelerator - Samuel C. Peet; Naasiha Cassim; Tanya Kairn; Jamie V. Trapp; Scott B. Crowe (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2022)

Mitogenomics reveals low variation within a trigeneric complex of black corals from the North Pacific Ocean - Yessenia M. Bledsoe-Becerra; Iesha S. Whittaker; Jeremy Horowitz; Katherine Medina Naranjo; Jicayla Johnson-Rosemond; Kristen H. Mullins; Karena M. Cunningham; Suchir Shetty; Samuel N. Messinides; Melinda S. Behney; Jessica A. Fehsal; Ashley N. Watson; et al. (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2022)

Integrative taxonomy peeps a new torrent catfish species of genus Amblyceps (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) in Kaladan River of Mizoram, India - Mahender Singh; Samuel Lalronunga; Lal Ramliana (Molecular Biology Reports, 2022)

Prediction of antischistosomal small molecules using machine learning in the era of big data - Samuel K. Kwofie; Kwasi Agyenkwa-Mawuli; Emmanuel Broni; Whelton A. Miller III; Michael D. Wilson (Molecular Diversity, 2022)

A geochemical study of the Sweet Home mine, Colorado Mineral Belt, USA: formation of deep hydrothermal vein–type molybdenum greisen and base metal mineralization - Malte Stoltnow; Volker Lüders; Stefan de Graaf; Samuel Niedermann (Mineralium Deposita, 2022)
Deep hydrothermal Mo, W, and base metal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine (Detroit City portal) formed in response to magmatic activity during the Oligocene. Microthermometric data of fluid inclusions trapped in greisen quartz and fluorite suggest that the early-stage mineralization at the Sweet Home mine precipitated from low- to medium-salinity (1.5–11.5 wt% equiv. NaCl), CO 2 -bearing fluids at temperatures between 360 and 415 °C and at depths of at least 3.5 km. Stable isotope and noble gas isotope data indicate that greisen formation and base metal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine was related to fluids of different origins. Early magmatic fluids were the principal source for mantle-derived volatiles (CO 2 , H 2 S/SO 2 , noble gases), which subsequently mixed with significant amounts of heated meteoric water. Mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water is constrained by δ 2 H w –δ 18 O w relationships of fluid inclusions. The deep hydrothermal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine shows features similar to deep hydrothermal vein mineralization at Climax-type Mo deposits or on their periphery. This suggests that fluid migration and the deposition of ore and gangue minerals in the Sweet Home mine was triggered by a deep-seated magmatic intrusion. The findings of this study are in good agreement with the results of previous fluid inclusion studies of the mineralization of the Sweet Home mine and from Climax-type Mo porphyry deposits in the Colorado Mineral Belt.

The Schlaining quartz-stibnite deposit, Eastern Alps, Austria: constraints from conventional and infrared microthermometry and isotope and crush-leach analyses of fluid inclusions - Marta Sośnicka; Stefan de Graaf; Giulio Morteani; David A. Banks; Samuel Niedermann; Malte Stoltnow; Volker Lüders (Mineralium Deposita, 2022)
Stibnite was mined until the end of the twentieth century in the Schlaining ore district, Austria, near the easternmost border of the Eastern Alps where windows of Penninic ophiolites and metasediments are exposed below Austroalpine tectonic units. In Early Miocene, structurally controlled small vein and metasomatic stibnite-quartz deposits were formed in Penninic Mesozoic calcareous marbles and calcite schists. Fluid inclusion studies identified two fluids involved in the mineralization: (i) a low-salinity, low-CO 2 metamorphic fluid that precipitated quartz at approximately 240 °C and (ii) a stibnite-forming ore fluid that had a meteoric origin. There is no evidence of boiling or that the fluids mixed during mineralization. The ore components Sb and H 2 S were leached by fluid/rock interaction from buried rock units. Stibnite mineralization occurred by cooling the ore fluid to below 300 °C, at less than 2000 m depth. Quartz precipitated at slightly lower temperatures, approximately contemporaneous with stibnite. Fluid migration and ore deposition are probably related to high heat flow during the exhumation of the Rechnitz Window in response to Neogene extension and/or shallow Early Miocene andesitic magmatism. The study emphasizes that data obtained from the analyses of gangue minerals alone cannot routinely be used to infer the origin and depositional conditions of the associated ore minerals.

Structural characterization and water saturation evaluation of a shaly-sand reservoir rocks in an onshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria - Samuel Ifeanyi Dike; Amarachukwu A. Ibe; Kanayo K. Asogwa (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Spatial clustering of trumpetfish shadowing behaviour in the Caribbean Sea revealed by citizen science - Samuel R. Matchette; Emily G. Mitchell; James E. Herbert-Read (Marine Biology, 2022)
The West Atlantic trumpetfish ( Aulostomus maculatus ) performs an unusual hunting strategy, termed shadowing, whereby a trumpetfish swims closely behind or next to another ‘host’ species to facilitate the capture of prey. Despite trumpetfish being observed throughout the Caribbean, observations of this behaviour appear to be concentrated to a handful of localities. Here we assess the degree of geographical clustering of shadowing behaviour throughout the Caribbean Sea, and identify ecological features associated with the likelihood of its occurrence. To do this, we used a citizen science approach by creating and distributing an online survey to target frequent divers across this region. While the vast majority of participants observed trumpetfish on nearly every dive across the Caribbean, using random labelling spatial analyses, we found the frequency of shadowing behaviour was geographically clustered; participants that were within ~ 120 km of each other reported observations of shadowing that were more similar than would be expected by chance. Our survey also highlighted that trumpetfish were more likely to be observed shadowing than observed alone in a particular habitat type, and with particular host species, suggesting potential ecological factors that could drive the uneven distribution of this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that this behavioural hunting strategy is spatially clustered and, more generally, highlight the power of using citizen science to investigate variation in animal behaviour over thousands of square kilometres.

Predicting Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization Rates Using δ13C, Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, in Depth Profiles Under Permanent Grassland Along a Latitudinal Transect in Chile - Hidalgo Marcela; María de los Ángeles Sepulveda; Cristina Muñoz; Manuel Casanova; Daniel Wasner; Samuel Bodé; Sebastian Doetterl; Pascal Boeckx; Erick Zagal (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022)

Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Linear Regression Models in Biochar Amended Sandy Clay Loam Soil - Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye; Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi; Yinka Ajiboye; Michael Olanrewaju Alatise; Babatunde Sunday Ewulo; Sunday Samuel Adeosun; Toju Babalola; Rainer Horn (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022)

Chronic Opioid Administration is Associated with Prevotella-dominated Dysbiosis in SIVmac251 Infected, cART-treated Macaques - Samuel D. Johnson; Howard S. Fox; Shilpa Buch; Siddappa N. Byrareddy (Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2022)

Virtual Reality-Based Education for Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy - Liam J. Wang; Brian Casto; Join Y. Luh; Samuel J. Wang (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)
We built a virtual reality (VR) application that runs on a commercially available standalone VR headset that allows patients to view a virtual simulation of themselves receiving radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if this experience can improve patient understanding of radiotherapy and/or reduce patient anxiety. We created software that reads data from our clinical treatment planning system and renders the plan on a life-size “virtual linear accelerator.” The patient’s CT simulation data is converted into a 3D translucent virtual human shown lying on the treatment table while visible yellow radiation beams are delivered to the target volumes in the patient. We conducted a prospective study to determine if showing patients their radiotherapy plan in VR improves patient education and/or reduces anxiety about treatment. A total of 43 patients were enrolled. The most common plans were 3D breast tangents and intensity-modulated radiotherapy prostate plans. Patients were administered pre- and post-experience questionnaires. Thirty-two patients (74%) indicated that they “strongly agree” that the VR session gave them a better understanding of how radiotherapy will be used to treat their cancer. Of the 21 patients who expressed any anxiety about radiotherapy beforehand, 12 (57%) said that the VR session helped decrease their anxiety about undergoing radiotherapy. In our single-institution, single-arm prospective patient study, we found that the majority of patients reported that the personalized VR experience was educational and can reduce anxiety. VR technology has potential to be a powerful adjunctive educational tool for cancer patients about to undergo radiotherapy.

Use of fly ash in the production of geopolymers: a literature review - Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro; Charca Mamani Samuel; Dávila Gamonal Clara Mercedes; Díaz Román Irina; Reyes Gutiérrez Carlos Guillermo (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Development and evaluation of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system for jump detection and jump height estimation in beach volleyball - Samuel Schleitzer; Svenja Wirtz; Ross Julian; Eric Eils (German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 2022)
Wearables are commonly used in practice for measuring and monitoring performance in high-level sports. That being said, they are often designed and intended for use during sports conducted on rigid surfaces. As such, sports that are conducted on sand, e.g. beach volleyball, lack equipment that can be specifically applied in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based system for automatic jump detection and jump height measurement in sand. The system consists of two IMUs, which were attached to different parts of the athletes’ bodies. For validation under laboratory conditions, 20 subjects each performed five jumps on two consecutive days in a sandbox placed on force plates. Afterwards, five beach volleyball athletes performed complex combinations of beach volleyball-specific movements and jumps wearing the IMUs whilst being video recorded simultaneously. This was conducted in an ecologically valid setting to determine the validity of the IMU to correctly detect jumping actions. The results of the laboratory tests show excellent day-to-day reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.937, two-way mixed effects, single measurement, consistency) and excellent concurrent validity (ICC = 0.946, two-way mixed effects, single rater, absolute agreement) compared to the gold standard (force plates). The accuracy in jump detection of the IMU was 100 and 97.5% in the laboratory and ecologically valid settings, respectively. Although there are still some aspects to consider when using such devices, the current findings provide recommendations regarding best practice when using such a device on a variable and unstable surface. Collectively, such a device could be applied in the field to provide coaches and practitioners with direct feedback to monitor training or match play.

Imaging subtle leaks in the blood–brain barrier in the aging human brain: potential pitfalls, challenges, and possible solutions - Axel Montagne; Samuel R. Barnes; Daniel A. Nation; Kassandra Kisler; Arthur W. Toga; Berislav V. Zlokovic (GeroScience, 2022)

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people - Johannes Tobias Neumann; Le T. P. Thao; Anne M. Murray; Emily Callander; Prudence R. Carr; Mark R. Nelson; Rory Wolfe; Robyn L. Woods; Christopher M. Reid; Raj C. Shah; Anne B. Newman; Jeff D. Williamson; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disability-free survival outcome was defined as absence of dementia, persistent disability or death. Selection of potential predictors from amongst 25 biomedical, psychosocial and lifestyle variables including recognized geriatric risk factors, utilizing a machine-learning approach. Separate models were developed for men and women. The selected predictors were evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and validated internally by bootstrapping. We included 19,114 Australian and US participants aged ≥65 years (median 74 years, IQR 71.6–77.7). Common predictors of a worse prognosis in both sexes included higher age, lower Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, lower gait speed, lower grip strength and abnormal (low or elevated) body mass index. Additional risk factors for men included current smoking, and abnormal eGFR. In women, diabetes and depression were additional predictors. The biased-corrected areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the final prognostic models at 5 years were 0.72 for men and 0.75 for women. Final models showed good calibration between the observed and predicted risks. We developed a prediction model in which age, cognitive function and gait speed were the strongest predictors of disability-free survival in healthy older people. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583)

Higher white matter hyperintensity load adversely affects pre-post proximal cognitive training performance in healthy older adults - Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Andrew O’Shea; Jessica N. Kraft; Cheshire Hardcastle; Nicole D. Evangelista; Hanna K. Hausman; Alejandro Albizu; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Samantha G. Smith; Hyun Song; Eric C. Porges; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Food accessibility of different socioeconomic groups in sub-Saharan African cities: a mixed-method analysis in Kampala, Uganda - Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx; Katarzyna Janusz; Sam Van Emelen; Samuel Tumwesigye; Jac Davis; Shuaib Lwasa; Anton Van Rompaey (Food Security, 2022)

Extreme climatic effects hamper livestock production in Somalia - Abdimalik Ali Warsame; Ibrahim Abdukadir Sheik-Ali; Abdullahi Abdirahman Hassan; Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) contamination and ecological risk of sediment in the upper course of the Ankobra River, Ghana - Josephine Obodai; Kwaku Amaning Adjei; Albert Ebo Duncan; Samuel Nii Odai (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022)

Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review - Vaishali Dhaka; Simranjeet Singh; Amith G. Anil; T. S. Sunil Kumar Naik; Shashank Garg; Jastin Samuel; Manoj Kumar; Praveen C. Ramamurthy; Joginder Singh (Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2022)

The climate advocacy gap - Samuel Trachtman; Jonas Meckling (Climatic Change, 2022)

Factors Driving the Adoption and Use Extent of Sustainable Land Management Practices in South Africa - Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi (Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2022)

Recreational and occupational physical activity in relation to prostate cancer aggressiveness: the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) - Susan E. Steck; L. Joseph Su; Samuel O. Antwi; Bonny B. Morris; Brittany Crawford; Swann Arp Adams; James R. Hebert; Elizabeth T. H. Fontham; Jeannette T. Bensen; James L. Mohler; Lenore Arab (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Lower cortical volume is associated with poor sleep quality after traumatic brain injury - Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel; Kamila U. Pollin; Charity B. Breneman (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

The virome of the white-winged vampire bat Diaemus youngi is rich in circular DNA viruses - André Alberto Witt; Raquel Silva Alves; Juliana do Canto Olegário; Laura Junqueira de Camargo; Matheus Nunes Weber; Mariana Soares da Silva; Raíssa Canova; Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mosena; Samuel Paulo Cibulski; Ana Paula Muterle Varela; Fabiana Quoos Mayer; Cláudio Wageck Canal; et al. (Virus Genes, 2022)

Eddy–mean flow interactions in the Agulhas leakage region - Ogooluwa Samuel Adeagbo; Yan Du; Tianyu Wang; Minyang Wang (Journal of Oceanography, 2022)

Investigating the performance of acetylated diethyl ether–Camelina sativa biodiesel as fuel in compression ignition engine - Babalola Aisosa Oni; Samuel Eshorame Sanni; Peter Adeniyi Alaba; Mahmoud M. Hessien; Zeinhom M. El-Bahy (Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2022)

Creation and Development of Patient-Derived Organoids for Therapeutic Screening in Solid Cancer - William H. Hicks; Cylaina E. Bird; Lauren C. Gattie; Mohamad El Shami; Jeffrey I. Traylor; Diana D. Shi; Samuel K. McBrayer; Kalil G. Abdullah (Current Stem Cell Reports, 2022)

Environmental stress determines the colonization and impact of an endophytic fungus on invasive knotweed - Sigisfredo Garnica; Zhiyong Liao; Samuel Hamard; Frank Waller; Madalin Parepa; Oliver Bossdorf (Biological Invasions, 2022)
There is increasing evidence that microbes play a key role in some plant invasions. A diverse and widespread but little understood group of plant-associated microbes are the fungal root endophytes of the order Sebacinales. They are associated with exotic populations of invasive knotweed ( Reynoutria ssp.) in Europe, but their effects on the invaders are unknown. We used the recently isolated Sebacinales root endophyte S erendipita herbamans to experimentally inoculate invasive knotweed and study root colonisation and effects on knotweed growth under different environmental conditions. We verified the inoculation success and fungal colonisation through immunofluorescence microscopy and qPCR. We found that S. herbamans strongly colonized invasive knotweed in low-nutrient and shade environments, but much less under drought or benign conditions. At low nutrients, the endophyte had a positive effect on plant growth, whereas the opposite was true under shaded conditions. Our study demonstrates that the root endophyte S. herbamans has the potential to colonize invasive knotweed fine roots and impact its growth, and it could thus also play a role in natural populations. Our results also show that effects of fungal endophytes on plants can be strongly environment-dependent, and may only be visible under stressful environmental conditions.

The Role of Long Non-coding RNA, Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in Cancer and Other Pathologies - Miao Zhang; Jianmin Guo; Lifei Liu; Mei Huang; Yuexuan Li; Samuel Bennett; JiaKe Xu; Jun Zou (Biochemical Genetics, 2022)

The interrelationship between LST, NDVI, NDBI, and land cover change in a section of Lagos metropolis, Nigeria - Alfred S. Alademomi; Chukwuma J. Okolie; Olagoke E. Daramola; Samuel A. Akinnusi; Elias Adediran; Hamed O. Olanrewaju; Abiodun O. Alabi; Tosin J. Salami; Joseph Odumosu (Applied Geomatics, 2022)

Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam Macoma balthica from the Southern Baltic Sea - Alicja Michnowska; Samuel F. M. Hart; Katarzyna Smolarz; Anna Hallmann; Michael J. Metzger (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is one of the most challenging and unrecognised diseases occurring in aquatic fauna. It has been diagnosed in four bivalve species from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) with the highest frequency in Macoma balthica (formerly Limecola balthica ), reaching up to 94% in some populations. The aetiology of DN in the Baltic Sea has not yet been identified, with earlier studies trying to link its occurrence with environmental pollution. Taking into account recent research providing evidence that DN is horizontally transmitted as clonal cells between individuals in some bivalve species, we aimed to test whether DN is a bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) in the population of M . balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk highly affected with cancer. We examined mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I ( mtCOI ) and elongation factor 1α ( EF1α ) sequences of genomes obtained from haemolymph and tissues of neoplastic and healthy individuals. Sequence analysis resulted in detection of an independent transmissible cancer lineage occurring in four neoplastic clams that is not present in healthy animals. This study describes the first case of BTN in the clam M . balthica (MbaBTN), providing further insights for studies on this disease.

Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change - Samuel C. Andrew; Rachael V. Gallagher; Ian J. Wright; Karel Mokany (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Our ability to understand how species may respond to changing climate conditions is hampered by a lack of high‐quality data on the adaptive capacity of species. Plant functional traits are linked to many aspects of species life history and adaptation to environment, with different combinations of trait values reflecting alternate strategies for adapting to varied conditions. If the realized climate limits of species can be partially explained by plant functional trait combinations, then a new approach of using trait combinations to predict the expected climate limits of species trait combinations may offer considerable benefits. Location Australia. Time period Current and future. Methods Using trait data for leaf size, seed mass and plant height for 6,747 Australian native species from 27 plant families, we model the expected climate limits of trait combinations and use future climate scenarios to estimate climate change impacts based on plant functional trait strategies. Results Functional trait combinations were a significant predictor of species climate niche metrics with potentially meaningful relationships with two rainfall variables ( R 2 = .36 & .45) and three temperature variables ( R 2 = .21, .28, .30). Using this method, the proportion of species exposed to conditions across their range that are beyond the expected climate limits of their trait strategies will increase under climate change. Main conclusions Our new approach, called trait strategy vulnerability, includes three new metrics. For example, the climate change vulnerability (CCV) metric identified a small but important proportion of species (4.3%) that will on average be exposed to conditions beyond their expected limits for summer temperature in the future. These potentially vulnerable species could be high priority targets for deeper assessment of adaptive capacity at the genomic or physiological level. Our methods can be applied to any suite of co‐occurring plants globally.

Responsible agriculture must adapt to the wetland character of mid‐latitude peatlands - Benjamin W. J. Freeman; Chris D. Evans; Samuel Musarika; Ross Morrison; Thomas R. Newman; Susan E. Page; Giles F. S. Wiggs; Nicholle G. A. Bell; David Styles; Yuan Wen; David R. Chadwick; Davey L. Jones (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Drained, lowland agricultural peatlands are greenhouse gas (GHG) emission hotspots and a large but vulnerable store of irrecoverable carbon. They exhibit soil loss rates of ~2.0 cm yr −1 and are estimated to account for 32% of global cropland emissions while producing only 1.1% of crop kilocalories. Carbon dioxide emissions account for >80% of their terrestrial GHG emissions and are largely controlled by water table depth. Reducing drainage depths is, therefore, essential for responsible peatland management. Peatland restoration can substantially reduce emissions. However, this may conflict with societal needs to maintain productive use, to protect food security and livelihoods. Wetland agriculture strategies will, therefore, be required to adapt agriculture to the wetland character of peatlands, and balance GHG mitigation against productivity, where halting emissions is not immediately possible. Paludiculture may substantially reduce GHG emissions but will not always be viable in the current economic landscape. Reduced drainage intensity systems may deliver partial reductions in the rate of emissions, with smaller modifications to existing systems. These compromise systems may face fewer hurdles to adoption and minimize environmental harm until societal conditions favour strategies that can halt emissions. Wetland agriculture will face agronomic, socio‐economic and water management challenges, and careful implementation will be required. Diversity of values and priorities among stakeholders creates the potential for conflict. Successful implementation will require participatory research approaches and co‐creation of workable solutions. Policymakers, private sector funders and researchers have key roles to play but adoption risks would fall predominantly on land managers. Development of a robust wetland agriculture paradigm is essential to deliver resilient production systems and wider environmental benefits. The challenge of responsible use presents an opportunity to rethink peatland management and create thriving, innovative and green wetland landscapes for everyone's future benefit, while making a vital contribution to global climate change mitigation.

Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment - Gustavo Q. Romero; Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Tomas Roslin; Robert J. Marquis; Nicholas A.C. Marino; Vojtech Novotny; Tatiana Cornelissen; Jerome Orivel; Shen Sui; Gustavo Aires; Reuber Antoniazzi; Wesley Dáttilo; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.

PERFICT: A Re‐imagined foundation for predictive ecology - Eliot J. B. McIntire; Alex M. Chubaty; Steven G. Cumming; Dave Andison; Ceres Barros; Céline Boisvenue; Samuel Haché; Yong Luo; Tatiane Micheletti; Frances E. C. Stewart (Ecology Letters, 2022)
Making predictions from ecological models—and comparing them to data—offers a coherent approach to evaluate model quality, regardless of model complexity or modelling paradigm. To date, our ability to use predictions for developing, validating, updating, integrating and applying models across scientific disciplines while influencing management decisions, policies, and the public has been hampered by disparate perspectives on prediction and inadequately integrated approaches. We present an updated foundation for Predictive Ecology based on seven principles applied to ecological modelling: make frequent Predictions, Evaluate models, make models Reusable, Freely accessible and Interoperable, built within Continuous workflows that are routinely Tested (PERFICT). We outline some benefits of working with these principles: accelerating science; linking with data science; and improving science‐policy integration.

Madagascar Terrestrial Camera Survey Database 2021: A collation of protected forest camera surveys from 2007–2021 - Erin M. Wampole; Brian D. Gerber; Zach J. Farris; Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison; Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa; Claude Jacquot Ralazampirenena; Patricia C. Wright; C. Delaid Rasamisoa; Dean Gibson; Mathias W. Tobler; Timothy M. Eppley; Natalie Vasey; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Madagascar is a threatened global biodiversity hotspot and conservation priority, yet we lack broad‐scale surveys to assess biodiversity across space and time. To fill this gap, we collated camera trap surveys, capturing species occurrences within Madagascar into a single standardized database. This data set includes nine distinct protected areas of Madagascar and encompasses 13 subprojects, 38 camera arrays, and 1156 sampling units (independent camera site per survey) within two important biodiversity eco‐regions: western dry deciduous forest and eastern humid rainforest. Camera surveys were conducted from June 2007 to January 2021. The final data set includes 17 unique families of mammals (Bovidae, Canidae, Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Equidae, Eupleridae, Felidae, Hominidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, Lepilemuridae, Muridae, Nesomyidae, Pteropodidae, Soricidae, Suidae, Tenrecidae) comprising 45 species and 27 unique families of birds (Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Alcedinidae, Bernieridae, Brachypteraciidae, Caprimulgidae, Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Coraciidae, Corvidae, Cuculidae, Dicruridae, Mesitornithidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Numididae, Phasianidae, Rallidae, Sarothruridae, Strigidae, Sturnidae, Sulidae, Threskiornithidae, Upupidae, Vangidae, Zosteropidae) comprising 58 species. Images were processed and verified by individual project data set creators and camera operation and species tables were then collated. The final product represents the first broad‐scale freely available standardized formal faunal database for Madagascar. Data are available through this publication and at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5801806. These data will be useful for examining species‐level and community‐level trends in occurrence across space or time within Madagascar and globally, evaluating native and invasive species dynamics, and will aid in determining species conservation status and planning for at‐risk species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal - Clara Grilo; Beatriz C. Afonso; Filipe Afonso; Marta Alexandre; Sara Aliácar; Ana Almeida; Ivan Prego Alonso; Francisco Álvares; Paulo Alves; Paulo Célio Alves; Pedro Alves; Anabela Amado; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia ( n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera ( n = 18,857), Carnivora ( n = 18,594), Lagomorpha ( n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla ( n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla ( n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [ n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [ n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [ n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation‐related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.

Oil Spill and Socioeconomic Vulnerability in Marine Protected Areas - Felipe Roberto da Silva; Alexandre Schiavetti; Ana Cláudia Mendes Malhado; Beatrice Ferreira; Caio Victor de Paula Sousa; Fábio Pessoa Vieira; Francisco Roberto Pinto; Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza; George Olavo; Jéssica Borba Quintela dos Santos; Joao Vitor Campos-Silva; José Gilmar Cavalcante de Oliveira Júnior; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The extensive oil spill (> 2,900 km) that occurred in the southwestern Atlantic (2019/2020) increased the vulnerability of the Brazilian coast, affecting marine and coastal protected areas (MPAs). In addition to supporting conservation, MPAs are sustainably used by local populations to help maintain ocean-dependent livelihoods. In this sense, we aim to assess the socioeconomic vulnerability of human communities in MPAs affected by this major oil spill. Using digital mapping, we assessed the socioeconomic vulnerability of 68 human communities living in or near 60 MPAs of different categories that were impacted by this spill. This is the first assessment of the vulnerability status of human populations under significant levels of poverty and social inequality, which are particularly dependent on healthy and effective Brazilian MPAs. More than 6,500 enterprises and institutions were mapped, including trade activities, services, tourism, and leisure venues. Most enterprises (34.4%) were involved in the food sector, related to the ocean economy, and, therefore, highly vulnerable to oil spills. Furthermore, the majority (79.3%) of the vulnerable activities are concentrated in multiple-use MPAs, with extractive reserves coming second and accounting for 18%. This result shows the high vulnerability of this tropical coast to oil accidents and the risks to food security for traditional communities. We also found a heterogeneous vulnerability indicator along the coast, with the most vulnerable regions having an undiversified economic matrix heavily dependent on activities such as fishing, family farming, tourism, accommodation, and the food sector. Thus, this study provides a tool to help prevent and mitigate economic losses and increases the understanding of the weaknesses of MPAs in the face of large-scale disasters, thus helping to build socioeconomic and ecological resilience.

The Potential of Kelp Saccharina japonica in Shielding Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas From Elevated Seawater pCO2 Stress - Zengjie Jiang; Weiwei Jiang; Samuel P. S. Rastrick; Xiaoqin Wang; Jinghui Fang; Meirong Du; Yaping Gao; Yuze Mao; Øivind Strand; Jianguang Fang (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Ocean acidification (OA) caused by elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration is predicted to have negative impacts on marine bivalves in aquaculture. However, to date, most of our knowledge is derived from short-term laboratory-based experiments, which are difficult to scale to real-world production. Therefore, field experiments, such as this study, are critical for improving ecological relevance. Due to the ability of seaweed to absorb dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding seawater through photosynthesis, seaweed has gained theoretical attention as a potential partner of bivalves in integrated aquaculture to help mitigate the adverse effects of OA. Consequently, this study investigates the impact of elevated p CO 2 on the physiological responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the presence and absence of kelp ( Saccharina japonica ) using in situ mesocosms. For 30 days, mesocosms were exposed to six treatments, consisting of two p CO 2 treatments (500 and 900 μatm) combined with three biotic treatments (oyster alone, kelp alone, and integrated kelp and oyster aquaculture). Results showed that the clearance rate (CR) and scope for growth (SfG) of C. gigas were significantly reduced by elevated p CO 2 , whereas respiration rates (MO 2 ) and ammonium excretion rates (ER) were significantly increased. However, food absorption efficiency (AE) was not significantly affected by elevated p CO 2 . The presence of S. japonica changed the daytime pH NBS of experimental units by ~0.16 units in the elevated p CO 2 treatment. As a consequence, CR and SfG significantly increased and MO 2 and ER decreased compared to C. gigas exposed to elevated p CO 2 without S. japonica. These findings indicate that the presence of S. japonica in integrated aquaculture may help shield C. gigas from the negative effects of elevated seawater p CO 2 .

The Effect of Viscosity Ratio and Peclet Number on Miscible Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell: A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study - Daniel Keable; Alistair Jones; Samuel Krevor; Ann Muggeridge; Samuel J. Jackson (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)

Intraspecific variation in plant economic traits predicts trembling aspen resistance to a generalist insect herbivore - Clay J. Morrow; Samuel J. Jaeger; Richard L. Lindroth (Oecologia, 2022)

Tipping the scales: how geographical scale affects the interpretation of social media behavior in crisis research - Rachel Samuels; Jiajia Xie; Neda Mohammadi; John E. Taylor (Natural Hazards, 2022)

Preliminary sampling of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk from dairy farms using feed ingredients from Rwanda - Kizito Nishimwe; Erin L. Bowers; Jean de Dieu Ayabagabo; Richard Habimana; Samuel Mutiga; Dirk E. Maier (Mycotoxin Research, 2022)

Alternative Method to Evaluate Performance Improvement Rate in Athletics Middle Distance Events - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa; Patrick Aguiar Santos; Samuel Silva Aguiar; Herbert Gustavo Simões; Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis; Beat Knechtle; Caio Victor Sousa (Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 2022)
Purpose The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate (PIR) that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best, mainly those seeking for national, continental or even world record (WR) in middle-distance events. We further compared the improvement rate of women vs. men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance events Method The top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m, 1500 m, and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record (PR). The difference between PR (‘actual’ season) and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate (1-SIR), whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate (M-SIR). 1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete. Result There were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size ( d = − 0.746) in 1-SIR ( P = 0.001) and very large ( d = − 2.249) in M-SIR ( P = 0.001). Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events ( P = 0.001) and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events ( P = 0.533). Conclusion Women improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races. However, in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.

The effect of hypertonic saline evoked muscle pain on neurophysiological changes and exercise performance in the contralateral limb - Ryan Norbury; Samuel A. Smith; Mark Burnley; Megan Judge; Alexis R. Mauger (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)
Non-local muscle pain may impair endurance performance through neurophysiological mechanisms, but these are relatively unknown. This study examined the effects of muscle pain on neuromuscular and neurophysiological responses in the contralateral limb. On separate visits, nine participants completed an isometric time to task failure (TTF) using the right knee extensors after intramuscular injection of isotonic saline (CTRL) or hypertonic saline (HYP) into the left vastus lateralis. Measures of neuromuscular fatigue were taken before, during and after the TTF using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation. Mean pain intensity was greater in the left leg in HYP (3.3 ± 1.9) compared to CTRL (0.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.001) which was combined with a reduced TTF by 9.8% in HYP (4.54 ± 0.56 min) compared to CTRL (5.07 ± 0.77 min; P = 0.005). Maximum voluntary force was not different between conditions (all P > 0.05). Voluntary activation was lower in HYP compared to CTRL ( P = 0.022). No difference was identified between conditions for doublet amplitude ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, no difference in MEP· M max −1 or the TMS silent period between conditions was observed (all P > 0.05). Non-local pain impairs endurance performance of the contralateral limb. This impairment in performance is likely due to the faster attainment of the sensory tolerance limit from a greater amount of sensory feedback originating from the non-exercising, but painful, left leg.

The predictive role of eye movements in mental arithmetic - Samuel Salvaggio; Nicolas Masson; Alexandre Zénon; Michael Andres (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Does energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and population growth influence carbon emissions in the BRICS? Evidence from panel models robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity - Hao Chen; Evelyn Agba Tackie; Isaac Ahakwa; Mohammed Musah; Andrews Salakpi; Morrison Alfred; Samuel Atingabili (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Greenhouse gas dynamics in an urbanized river system: influence of water quality and land use - Long Ho; Ruben Jerves-Cobo; Matti Barthel; Johan Six; Samuel Bode; Pascal Boeckx; Peter Goethals (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

The interrelationships among financial development, economic growth and environmental sustainability: evidence from Ghana - Hamdiyah Alhassan; Paul Adjei Kwakwa; Samuel Arkoh Donkoh (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

The role of bank financing in economic growth and environmental outcomes of sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from novel quantile regression and panel vector autoregressive models - Albert Henry Ntarmah; Yusheng Kong; Anthony Frank Obeng; Samuel Gyedu (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Analyzing asymmetric effects of cryptocurrency demand on environmental sustainability - Sinan Erdogan; Maruf Yakubu Ahmed; Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Future projections of Mediterranean cyclone characteristics using the Med-CORDEX ensemble of coupled regional climate system models - Marco Reale; William David Cabos Narvaez; Leone Cavicchia; Dario Conte; Erika Coppola; Emmanouil Flaounas; Filippo Giorgi; Silvio Gualdi; Assaf Hochman; Laurent Li; Piero Lionello; Zorica Podrascanin; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2022)
Here, we analyze future projections of cyclone activity in the Mediterranean region at the end of the twenty-first century based on an ensemble of state-of-the-art fully-coupled Regional Climate System Models (RCSMs) from the Med-CORDEX initiative under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Despite some noticeable biases, all the RCSMs capture spatial patterns and cyclone activity key characteristics in the region and thus all of them can be considered as plausible representations of the future evolution of Mediterranean cyclones. In general, the RCSMs show at the end of the twenty-first century a decrease in the number and an overall weakening of cyclones moving across the Mediterranean. Five out of seven RCSMs simulate also a decrease of the mean size of the systems. Moreover, in agreement with what already observed in CMIP5 projections for the area, the models suggest an increase in the Central part of the Mediterranean region and a decrease in the South-eastern part of the region in the cyclone-related wind speed and precipitation rate. These rather two opposite tendencies observed in the precipitation should compensate and amplify, respectively, the effect of the overall reduction of the frequency of cyclones on the water budget over the Central and South-eastern part of the region. A pronounced inter-model spread among the RCSMs emerges for the projected changes in the cyclone adjusted deepening rate, seasonal cycle occurrence and associated precipitation and wind patterns over some areas of the basin such as Ionian Sea and Iberian Peninsula. The differences observed appear to be determined by the driving Global Circulation Model (GCM) and influenced by the RCSM physics and internal variability. These results point to the importance of (1) better characterizing the range of plausible futures by relying on ensembles of models that explore well the existing diversity of GCMs and RCSMs as well as the climate natural variability and (2) better understanding the driving mechanisms of the future evolution of Mediterranean cyclones properties.

Evaluation of thermal conductivity values for the basement rocks of southwest Nigeria: an indirect method on geothermal prospects - Samuel Omosule Sedara; Labani Ray; Olusegun Olalekan Alabi (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Evaluating the adsorptive capacity of three Tunisian clays deposits for several potentially toxic metals in phosphogypsum waste - Kawther Ben Moussa; Saifeddine Eturki; Reinhart Van Poucke; Samuel Bodé; Johan De Grave; Eric Van Ranst; Filip M. G. Tack; Mohamed Moussa (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data - Samuel M. Bashevkin; Brian Mahardja; Larry R. Brown (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Temperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long‐term trends with spatio‐seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr −1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late‐fall to winter (November to February) and mid‐spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long‐term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.

Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities - Charles J. Marsh; Yanina V. Sica; Connor J. Burgin; Wendy A. Dorman; Robert C. Anderson; Isabel del Toro Mijares; Jessica G. Vigneron; Vijay Barve; Victoria L. Dombrowik; Michelle Duong; Robert Guralnick; Julie A. Hart; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). Location Global. Taxon All extant mammal species. Methods Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error‐checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). Results Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life ( mol.org ) and accessed for individual or batch download for non‐commercial use. Main conclusion Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad‐scale characterizations and model‐based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species‐level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.

When are bacteria really gazelles? Comparing patchy ecologies with dimensionless numbers - Samuel S. Urmy; Alli N. Cramer; Tanya L. Rogers; Jenna Sullivan‐Stack; Marian Schmidt; Simon D. Stewart; Celia C. Symons (Ecology Letters, 2022)
From micro to planetary scales, spatial heterogeneity—patchiness—is ubiquitous in ecosystems, defining the environments in which organisms move and interact. However, most large‐scale models still use spatially averaged ‘mean fields’ to represent natural populations, while fine‐scale spatially explicit models are mostly restricted to particular organisms or systems. In a conceptual paper, Grünbaum (2012, Interface Focus 2: 150–155) introduced a heuristic, based on three dimensionless ratios quantifying movement, reproduction and resource consumption, to characterise patchy ecological interactions and identify when mean‐field assumptions are justifiable. We calculated these dimensionless numbers for 33 interactions between consumers and their resource patches in terrestrial, aquatic and aerial environments. Consumers ranged in size from bacteria to whales, and patches lasted from minutes to millennia, with separation scales from mm to hundreds of km. No interactions could be accurately represented by naive mean‐field models, though 19 (58%) could be partially simplified by averaging out movement, reproductive or consumption dynamics. Clustering interactions by their non‐dimensional ratios revealed several unexpected dynamic similarities. For example, bacterial Pseudoalteromonas exploit nutrient plumes similarly to Mongolian gazelles grazing on ephemeral steppe vegetation. We argue that dimensional analysis is valuable for characterising ecological patchiness and can link widely different systems into a single quantitative framework.

Demographic consequences of mutualism disruption: Browsing and big‐headed ant invasion drive acacia population declines - Brandon R. Hays; Corinna Riginos; Todd M. Palmer; Daniel F. Doak; Benard C. Gituku; Nelly J. Maiyo; Samuel Mutisya; Simon Musila; Jacob R. Goheen (Ecology, 2022)
Across the globe, biological invasions have disrupted mutualisms, producing reverberating consequences for ecosystems. Although invasive species frequently trigger mutualism disruptions, few studies have quantified the demographic mechanisms by which mutualism breakdown may generate population effects. In a Kenyan savanna, the invasive big‐headed ant ( Pheidole megacephala ) has disrupted a foundational mutualism between the monodominant whistling‐thorn tree ( Acacia drepanolobium ) and native ants ( Crematogaster spp.) that deter browsing by large mammalian herbivores. We conducted experiments to quantify the demographic consequences of this mutualism disruption in the presence and absence of large mammalian herbivores. Invasion by P. megacephala exacerbated population declines of A. drepanolobium , primarily through decreased survival and reproduction of adult trees. However, these fitness reductions were small compared to those resulting from the presence of large mammalian herbivores, which negatively impacted growth and survival. Contrary to expectation, the expulsion of metabolically costly Crematogaster mutualists by P. megacephala did not result in higher population growth rates for trees protected from large mammalian herbivores. Our results suggest that invasive P. megacephala may impose a direct metabolic cost to trees exceeding that of native mutualists while providing no protection from browsing by large mammalian herbivores. Across landscapes, we expect that invasion by P. megacephala will reduce A. drepanolobium populations, but that the magnitude and demographic pathways of this effect will hinge on the presence and abundance of browsers.

Biological degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by rhizobacteria - Vaishali Dhaka; Simranjeet Singh; Praveen C. Ramamurthy; Jastin Samuel; Tandreborekaval Swamy Sunil Kumar Naik; Sutripto Khasnabis; Ram Prasad; Joginder Singh (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Design and Development of Hot Air-assisted Continuous Infrared Drying System for Shrimps - D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya; K. Prashob; S. Murali; P. V. Alfiya; Lekshmi R. G. Kumar; Manoj P. Samuel (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2022)

Comment on Economic Contributions from Conserved Forests: Four Case Studies of the USDA Forest Service Forest Legacy Program by Murray et al. - Samuel J Radcliffe (Forest Science, 2022)

Vegetative propagation of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. from stem cuttings - Aishat Adeola Olaniyi; Samuel Olalekan Olajuyigbe; Adebola Omodele Adegeye (Vegetos, 2022)

Fertility analysis of bovine semen by in vitro fertilization - Paulo Roberto Adona; Yara Lis de Souza; Moysés dos Santos Miranda; Izamara Rodrigues; Samuel Guemra; Marcos Barbosa Ferreira (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Analysis of dairy farming systems in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso - Sanon Hadja Oumou; Neya B. Samuel; Konfe Salif; Bougouma M. C. Valérie (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Delayed rFGF21 Administration Improves Cerebrovascular Remodeling and White Matter Repair After Focal Stroke in Diabetic Mice - Yinghua Jiang; Jinrui Han; Yadan Li; Yinga Wu; Ning Liu; Samuel X. Shi; Li Lin; Jing Yuan; Shusheng Wang; Ming-Ming Ning; Aaron S. Dumont; Xiaoying Wang (Translational Stroke Research, 2022)

Comparative sequencing and SNP marker validation for oat stem rust resistance gene Pg6 in a diverse collection of Avena accessions - Tyler C. Gordon; Yue Jin; Nicholas A. Tinker; Wubishet A. Bekele; Samuel Gale; Harold Bockelman; J. Michael Bonman (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2022)
Key message Comparative sequence analysis was used to design a SNP marker that aided in the identification of new sources of oat stem rust resistance. Abstract New races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae ( Pga ) threaten global oat production. An A. strigosa accession known to carry the broadly effective oat stem rust resistance gene, Pg6 , was crossed with two susceptible A. strigosa accessions to generate 198 F 2:3 families and 190 F 5:6 RILs. The RIL population was used to determine that Pg6 was a single dominant gene located between 475 and 491 Mbp on diploid chromosome AA2 of the A. atlantica genome. This region was further refined by identifying SNPs associated with Pg6 resistance in a panel of previously sequenced A-genome accessions. Twenty-four markers were developed from SNPs that showed perfect association between the Pg6 phenotype and 11 sequenced Avena diploid accessions. These markers were validated in the RILs and F 2:3 families, and the markers most closely linked with resistance were tested in a diverse panel of 253 accessions consisting of oat stem rust differentials, all available diploid Avena spp. accessions, and 41 A. vaviloviana accessions from the National Small Grains Collection. One SNP marker located at 483, 439, 497 bp on AA2, designated as AA2_483439497, was perfectly associated with the Pg6 phenotype in Avena strigosa diploids and was within several Kb of a resistance gene analog, RPP13. The marker results and seedling testing against Pga races DBD, KBD, TJS, and TQL enabled the postulation of Pg6 and potential new sources of resistance in the Avena panel. These results will be used to infer Pg6 presence in other germplasm collections and breeding programs and can assist with introgression, gene pyramiding, and cloning of Pg6 .

Soil aggregate stability of forest islands and adjacent ecosystems in West Africa - Amelie Baomalgré Bougma; Korodjouma Ouattara; Halidou Compaore; Hassan Bismarck Nacro; Caleb Melenya; Samuel Ayodele Mesele; Vincent Logah; Jamiu Oladipupo Azeez; Elmar Veenendaal; Jonathan Lloyd (Plant and Soil, 2022)

Spatial variability of iron, zinc and selenium content in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds from central and southwestern highlands of Ethiopia - Frehiwot Sileshi; Amsalu Nebiyu; Maarten Van Geel; Samuel Vanden Abeele; Gijs Du Laing; Pascal Boeckx (Plant and Soil, 2022)

Heterorhabditis amazonensis to Control Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Laboratory and Field Conditions - Douglas Martins Cecconello; Samuel Roggia; Gabriela Souza Doneze; Mariana Ferracin de Macedo; Viviane Sandra Alves (Neotropical Entomology, 2022)

Airway inflammation induces anxiety-like behavior through neuroinflammatory, neurochemical, and neurometabolic changes in an allergic asthma model - Géssica Luana Antunes; Josiane Silva Silveira; Carolina Luft; Samuel Greggio; Gianina Teribele Venturin; Felipe Schmitz; Helena Biasibetti-Brendler; Francieli Vuolo; Felipe Dal-Pizzol; Jaderson Costa da Costa; Angela T. S. Wyse; Paulo Márcio Pitrez; et al. (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2022)

Signature of teleconnection patterns in river discharge within the Niger Basin - Samuel Ogunjo; Adeyemi Olusola (Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2022)

Correction to: Abdominal motion tracking with free‑breathing XD‑GRASP acquisitions using spatio‑temporal geodesic trajectories - Rihab Mansour; Liset Vazquez Romaguera; Catherine Huet; Ahmed Bentridi; Kim‑Nhien Vu; Jean‑Sebastien Billiard; Guilllaume Gilbert; An Tang; Samuel Kadoury (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2022)

Disturbed lipid and amino acid metabolisms in COVID-19 patients - Mojgan Masoodi; Manuela Peschka; Stefan Schmiedel; Munif Haddad; Maike Frye; Coen Maas; Ansgar Lohse; Samuel Huber; Paulus Kirchhof; Jerzy-Roch Nofer; Thomas Renné (Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2022)
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is overwhelming the healthcare systems. Identification of systemic reactions underlying COVID-19 will lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for monitoring and early intervention in this viral infection. We performed targeted metabolomics covering up to 630 metabolites within several key metabolic pathways in plasma samples of 20 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 37 matched controls. Plasma metabolic signatures specifically differentiated severe COVID-19 from control patients. The identified metabolic signatures indicated distinct alterations in both lipid and amino acid metabolisms in COVID-19 compared to control patient plasma. Systems biology-based analyses identified sphingolipid, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamine, arginine, and arachidonic acid metabolism as mostly impacted pathways in COVID-19 patients. Notably, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients and GABA plasma levels allowed for stratification of COVID-19 patients with high sensitivity and specificity. The data reveal large metabolic disturbances in COVID-19 patients and suggest use of GABA as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the infection.

Repellent and adulticidal effect of essential oils mixtures on Aedes aegypti females - David Alavez-Rosas; Cinthia Socorro-Benitez; Samuel Cruz-Esteban (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Infection coefficient of Maize streak virus, leafhoppers composition and control using biopesticids and some cultural practices in agro-ecological zones of Cameroon - Hervé Sime Djomo; Christopher Suh; Grace Annih Mbong; Théophile Fonkou; Hortense Mafouasson; Pascal Touna; Alioum Paul Sounou; Kuate Apollin Fotso; Samuel Nanga Nanga; Mokpokpo Fiaboe Komi; Silvestro Meseka; Menkir Abebe; et al. (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

A microscale three-dimensional model of urban outdoor thermal exposure (TUF-Pedestrian) - Jacob A. Lachapelle; E. Scott Krayenhoff; Ariane Middel; Samuel Meltzer; Ashley M. Broadbent; Matei Georgescu (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2022)

Hearing loss in Africa: current genetic profile - Samuel Mawuli Adadey; Edmond Wonkam-Tingang; Elvis Twumasi Aboagye; Osbourne Quaye; Gordon A. Awandare; Ambroise Wonkam (Human Genetics, 2022)
Hearing impairment (HI) is highly heterogeneous with over 123 associated genes reported to date, mostly from studies among Europeans and Asians. Here, we performed a systematic review of literature on the genetic profile of HI in Africa. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the registration number “CRD42021240852”. Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Africa-Wide Information, and Web of Science databases. A total of 89 full-text records was selected and retrieved for data extraction and analyses. We found reports from only 17/54 (31.5%) African countries. The majority (61/89; 68.5%) of articles were from North Africa, with few reports found from sub-Saharan Africa. The most common method used in these publications was targeted gene sequencing ( n = 66/111; 59.5%), and only 13.5% ( n = 15/111) used whole-exome sequencing. More than half of the studies were performed in families segregating HI ( n = 51/89). GJB2 was the most investigated gene, with GJB2 : p.(R143W) founder variant only reported in Ghana, while GJB2 : c.35delG was common in North African countries. Variants in MYO15A were the second frequently reported in both North and Central Africa, followed by ATP6V1B1 only reported from North Africa. Usher syndrome was the main syndromic HI molecularly investigated, with variants in five genes reported: USH2A , USH1G , USH1C , MYO7A , and PCDH15 . MYO7A : p.(P1780S) founder variant was reported as the common Usher syndrome variant among Black South Africans. This review provides the most comprehensive data on HI gene variants in the largely under-investigated African populations. Future exomes studies particularly in multiplex families will likely provide opportunities for the discovery of the next sets of novel HI genes, and well as unreported variants in known genes to further our understanding of HI pathobiology, globally.

Proximal improvement and higher-order resting state network change after multidomain cognitive training intervention in healthy older adults - Cheshire Hardcastle; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Alejandro Albizu; Andrew O’Shea; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Nicole D. Evangelista; Kailey Langer; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal control network connectivity and executive functioning in older adults - Hanna K. Hausman; Cheshire Hardcastle; Alejandro Albizu; Jessica N. Kraft; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Kailey Langer; Andrew O’Shea; Emily J. Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Growth hormone increases DNA damage in ovarian follicles and macrophage infiltration in the ovaries - Tatiana D. Saccon; Monique T. Rovani; Driele N. Garcia; Jorgea Pradiee; Rafael G. Mondadori; Luis Augusto X. Cruz; Carlos C. Barros; Yimin Fang; Samuel McFadden; Jeffrey B. Mason; Andrzej Bartke; Michal M. Masternak; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Changes in cardiac function following a speed ascent to the top of Europe at 4808 m - Benoit Champigneulle; Stéphane Doutreleau; Sébastien Baillieul; Julien Vincent Brugniaux; Paul Robach; Pierre Bouzat; Samuel Verges (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)

Monitoring metallothionein-like protein concentrations and cholinesterase activity in tropical cup oysters as biomarkers of exposure to metals and pesticides in the southern Caribbean, Colombia - Angela M. Moncaleano-Niño; Maria Camila Gómez-Cubillos; Andrea Luna-Acosta; Luisa Villamil; Samuel Casseres-Ruiz; Michael J. Ahrens (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Asymmetric impact of energy utilization and economic development on environmental degradation in Somalia - Abdimalik Ali Warsame; Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Development of a diffusion-weighed mathematical model for intradermal drainage quantification - Christoph Kirsch; Daniel Fehr; Samuel Babity; Anna Polomska; Michael Detmar; Mathias Bonmarin; Davide Brambilla (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2022)

Microbial diversity of sub-bottom sediment cores from a tropical reef system - Ren Min Oh; Zheng Bin Randolph Quek; Yong Kit Samuel Chan; Ambert Chiam Foong Ang; Michael J. O’Leary; Danwei Huang; Benjamin J. Wainwright (Coral Reefs, 2022)

Reward processing in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder - Jon E. Grant; Tara S. Peris; Emily J. Ricketts; Richard A. I. Bethlehem; Samuel R. Chamberlain; Joseph O’Neill; Jeremiah M. Scharf; Darin D. Dougherty; Thilo Deckersbach; Douglas W. Woods; John Piacentini; Nancy J. Keuthen (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2022)

Emission inventory processing of biomass burning from a global dataset for air quality modeling - Ernesto Pino-Cortés; Samuel Carrasco; Luis A. Díaz-Robles; Francisco Cubillos; Fidel Vallejo; Francisco Cereceda-Balic; Joshua S. Fu (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2022)

Mitogenomics and hidden‐trait models reveal the role of phoresy and host shifts in the diversification of parasitoid blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) - Estefany Karen López‐Estrada; Isabel Sanmartín; Juan Esteban Uribe; Samuel Abalde; Yolanda Jiménez‐Ruiz; Mario García‐París (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Changes in life history traits are often considered speciation triggers and can have dramatic effects on the evolutionary history of a lineage. Here, we examine the consequences of changes in two life history traits, host‐type and phoresy, in the hypermetamorphic blister beetles, Meloidae. Subfamilies Nemognathinae and Meloinae exhibit a complex life cycle involving multiple metamorphoses and parasitoidism. Most genera and tribes are bee‐parasitoids, and include phoretic or nonphoretic species, while two tribes feed on grasshopper eggs. These different life strategies are coupled with striking differences in species richness among clades. We generated a mitogenomic phylogeny for Nemognathinae and Meloinae, confirming the monophyly of these two clades, and used the dated phylogeny to explore the association between diversification rates and changes in host specificity and phoresy, using state‐dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models that include the effect of hidden traits. To account for the low taxon sampling, we implemented a phylogenetic‐taxonomic approach based on birth‐death simulations, and used a Bayesian framework to integrate parameter and phylogenetic uncertainty. Results show that the ancestral hypermetamorphic Meloidae was a nonphoretic bee‐parasitoid, and that transitions towards a phoretic bee‐parasitoid and grasshopper parasitoidism occurred multiple times. Nonphoretic bee‐parasitoid lineages exhibit significantly higher relative extinction and lower diversification rates than phoretic bee‐and grasshopper‐parasitoids, but no significant differences were found between the latter two strategies. This suggests that Orthopteran host shifts and phoresy contributed jointly to the evolutionary success of the parasitoid meloidae. We also demonstrate that SSE models can be used to identify hidden traits coevolving with the focal trait in driving a lineage's diversification dynamics.

A trait‐based model ensemble approach to design rice plant types for future climate - Livia Paleari; Tao Li; Yubin Yang; Lloyd T. Wilson; Toshihiro Hasegawa; Kenneth J. Boote; Samuel Buis; Gerrit Hoogenboom; Yujing Gao; Ermes Movedi; Françoise Ruget; Upendra Singh; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Crop models are powerful tools to support breeding because of their capability to explore genotype × environment×management interactions that can help design promising plant types under climate change. However, relationships between plant traits and model parameters are often model specific and not necessarily direct, depending on how models formulate plant morphological and physiological features. This hinders model application in plant breeding. We developed a novel trait‐based multi‐model ensemble approach to improve the design of rice plant types for future climate projections. We conducted multi‐model simulations targeting enhanced productivity, and aggregated results into model‐ensemble sets of phenotypic traits as defined by breeders rather than by model parameters. This allowed to overcome the limitations due to ambiguities in trait‐parameter mapping from single modelling approaches. Breeders' knowledge and perspective were integrated to provide clear mapping from designed plant types to breeding traits. Nine crop models from the AgMIP‐Rice Project and sensitivity analysis techniques were used to explore trait responses under different climate and management scenarios at four sites. The method demonstrated the potential of yield improvement that ranged from 15.8% to 41.5% compared to the current cultivars under mid‐century climate projections. These results highlight the primary role of phenological traits to improve crop adaptation to climate change, as well as traits involved with canopy development and structure. The variability of plant types derived with different models supported model ensembles to handle related uncertainty. Nevertheless, the models agreed in capturing the effect of the heterogeneity in climate conditions across sites on key traits, highlighting the need for context‐specific breeding programmes to improve crop adaptation to climate change. Although further improvement is needed for crop models to fully support breeding programmes, a trait‐based ensemble approach represents a major step towards the integration of crop modelling and breeding to address climate change challenges and develop adaptation options.

Subtle structures with not‐so‐subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants - Cássio Cardoso Pereira; Samuel Novais; Milton Barbosa; Daniel Negreiros; Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Tomas Roslin; Robert Marquis; Nicholas Marino; Vojtech Novotny; Jerome Orivel; Shen Sui; Gustavo Aires; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant‐based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.

The long and the short of it: Mechanisms of synchronous and compensatory dynamics across temporal scales - Lauren G. Shoemaker; Lauren M. Hallett; Lei Zhao; Daniel C. Reuman; Shaopeng Wang; Kathryn L. Cottingham; Richard J. Hobbs; Max C. N. Castorani; Amy L. Downing; Joan C. Dudney; Samuel B. Fey; Laureano A. Gherardi; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Synchronous dynamics (fluctuations that occur in unison) are universal phenomena with widespread implications for ecological stability. Synchronous dynamics can amplify the destabilizing effect of environmental variability on ecosystem functions such as productivity, whereas the inverse, compensatory dynamics, can stabilize function. Here we combine simulation and empirical analyses to elucidate mechanisms that underlie patterns of synchronous versus compensatory dynamics. In both simulated and empirical communities, we show that synchronous and compensatory dynamics are not mutually exclusive but instead can vary by timescale. Our simulations identify multiple mechanisms that can generate timescale‐specific patterns, including different environmental drivers, diverse life histories, dispersal, and non‐stationary dynamics. We find that traditional metrics for quantifying synchronous dynamics are often biased toward long‐term drivers and may miss the importance of short‐term drivers. Our findings indicate key mechanisms to consider when assessing synchronous versus compensatory dynamics and our approach provides a pathway for disentangling these dynamics in natural systems.

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery to Characterise Pursuit-Diving Seabird Association With Tidal Stream Hydrodynamic Habitat Features - James Slingsby; Beth E. Scott; Louise Kregting; Jason McIlvenny; Jared Wilson; Marion Yanez; Samuel Langlois; Benjamin J. Williamson (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Tidal stream environments exhibit fast current flows and unique turbulent features occurring at fine spatio-temporal scales (metres and seconds). There is now global recognition of the importance of tidal stream environments for marine megafauna. Such areas are also key to the development of marine renewable energy due to the reliable and predictable nature of tidally driven flows. Bed-derived turbulent features, such as kolk-boils, transport organic material to the surface and may increase the availability of prey species (fish) for foraging marine megafauna (seabirds and marine mammals). Quantification of animal association and interactions with turbulent features is required to understand potential environmental impacts of tidal energy developments in these sites. Downward-facing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery was collected within the Pentland Firth, UK. Resulting imagery was used to quantify the density distribution of pursuit-diving seabirds, called auks (of the family Alcidae), distribution in comparison relation to concurrent surface imagery of kolk-boils and, analyse evaluate spatial relationships with individual kolk-boil features, and quantify body orientation relative to the water flow. Although variability was present, auk density distribution was generally correlated with that of kolk-boils throughout the study area; however, spatial analysis highlighted an overall trend of finer-scale dispersion between individual auks and kolk-boils. Auk orientation on the surface was primarily observed across the flow throughout ebb and flood tidal phases. These results suggest that auks may be associating with kolk-boil peripheries. Similarly, it may be energetically beneficial to orientate across the flow while maintaining observation of current flow or searching for shallow prey species and potential threats in the environment. This work demonstrates that UAV imagery was appropriate for quantification of fine-scale biophysical interactions. It allowed for concurrent measurement of hydrodynamic and predator metrics in a challenging environment and provided novel insights not possible to collect by conventional survey methodology. This technique can increase the evidence base for assessment of potential impacts of marine renewable energy extraction on key marine species.

Prevention of tick-borne diseases: challenge to recent medicine - Dominika Hromníková; Daniel Furka; Samuel Furka; Julio Ariel Dueñas Santana; Táňa Ravingerová; Vanda Klöcklerová; Dušan Žitňan (Biologia, 2022)

Assessment of antiviral activity and mechanism of rhein on newcastle disease virus (La Sota strain IV) in vitro - Yanchun Hu; Samuel Kumi Okyere; Ruiguang Xu; Guangneng Peng; Zhihua Ren; Junliang Deng; Yan Jia (Natural Product Research, 2022)

The Anodising Industry Wastewater: Considerations of Its Treatment for Environmental Protection - Joshua O. Ighalo; Ifeoma Amaoge Obiora-Okafo; Kanika Dulta; Fredrick O. Omoarukhe; Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe; Samuel Ogbeide Ebhodaghe (Water Conservation Science and Engineering, 2022)

A clustering-based approach for prioritizing health, safety and environment risks integrating fuzzy C-means and hybrid decision-making methods - Mahsa Valipour; Samuel Yousefi; Mustafa Jahangoshai Rezaee; Morteza Saberi (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2022)

A transdisciplinary method, knowledge model and management framework for climate change adaptation in mountain areas applied in the Vercors, France - Léïta Tschanz; Marie-Pierre Arlot; Félix Philippe; Laure Vidaud; Samuel Morin; Eric Maldonado; Emmanuelle George; Thomas Spiegelberger (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)

Spatio-temporal variability of avalanche risk in the French Alps - Taline Zgheib; Florie Giacona; Anne-Marie Granet-Abisset; Samuel Morin; Aurore Lavigne; Nicolas Eckert (Regional Environmental Change, 2022)

Do Ant-Mediated Multitrophic Interactions Enhance the Fitness of an Aphid-Infested Extrafloral Nectary-Bearing Plant? - Joy Nivedita Samuel; Neelkamal Rastogi (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2022)

Selection signatures for heat tolerance in Brazilian horse breeds - Danielle Assis de Faria; Tiago do Prado Paim; Camila Alves dos Santos; Samuel Rezende Paiva; Marcelo Bchara Nogueira; Concepta McManus (Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2022)

Predictive mapping of soil copper for site-specific micronutrient management using GIS-based sequential Gaussian simulation - Peter N. Eze; Samuel K. Kumahor; Ndiye M. Kebonye (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated water and soils from artisanal mining enclave using Heliconia psittacorum - Wiafe Samuel; Buamah Richard; Jackson Adiyiah Nyantakyi (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Correction to: Litter Quality and Microbes Explain Aggregation Differences in a Tropical Sandy Soil - Moritz Laub; Samuel Schlichenmeier; Patma Vityakon; Georg Cadisch (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022)

Litter Quality and Microbes Explain Aggregation Differences in a Tropical Sandy Soil - Moritz Laub; Samuel Schlichenmeier; Patma Vityakon; Georg Cadisch (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022)
Soil aggregates store most soil organic carbon (SOC), but how does litter quality influence their formation? We hypothesized varying litter quality to facilitate differences in aggregate formation by altering the seasonal development of microbial biomass (MB) C and N, with MB driving aggregate development in a tropical sandy soil in Thailand. Aggregate development was studied in a long-term fallow experiment, receiving 10 Mg ha −1 annual applications of rice ( Oryza sativa ) straw (low N and polyphenols (PP)), groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) stover (high N, low PP), tamarind ( Tamarindus indica ) litter (medium N and PP), or dipterocarp ( Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ) leaf litter (low N, high PP) compared to a control. N-rich litter from groundnut and tamarind led to significantly higher MB, bulk soil C and aggregate C than dipterocarp, rice straw, and the control. Bulk soil C and small macroaggregates C of N-rich litter treatments increased about 7% in 30 weeks. Increasing MB N explained increasing small macroaggregate C and both, MB C or N were important covariates explaining temporal variations of C stored in themicroaggregates, in silt and clay. MB also explained temporal variations of aggregate fraction weights. With time, SMA C only increased in the N-rich groundnut and tamarind treatments, but decreased in other treatments. Connections of MB to aggregate C and weight substantiated the importance of microbial activity for aggregate formation and carbon sequestration. By promoting MB for longest time spans, medium-quality tamarind could best facilitateaggregate formation, and increase silt and clay C.

Purification and functional characterization of lectin from Chenopodium album - Mahwish Javed; Muhammad Bilal; Bushra Tabassum; Arif Malik; Olawale Samuel Adeyinka; Muhammad Tariq; Idrees Ahmad Nasir (Journal of Proteins and Proteomics, 2022)

Heterosis and combining ability for yield and resistance to grain mold in tannin-free photoperiod-insensitive sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] in Senegal - Cyril Diatta; Thierry Klanvi Tovignan; Eyanawa Atchozou Akata; Beatrice Elohor Ifie; Mame P. Sarr; César Bassene; Ousmane Aidara; Pierre Alfred Ndione; Malick Gackou; Anicet Georges Bruno Manga; Eric Yirenkyi Danquah; Samuel Kwame Offei; et al. (Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 2022)

PepEngine: A Manually Curated Structural Database of Peptides Containing α, β- Dehydrophenylalanine (ΔPhe) and α-Amino Isobutyric Acid (Aib) - Siddharth Yadav; Samuel Bharti; Priyansh Srivastava; Puniti Mathur (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2022)

Microclimate and animal thermal comfort indexes in different silvopastoral system arrangements in Caatinga - Clemente Fernandes dos Santos Neto; Rodrigo Gregório da Silva; Samuel Rocha Maranhão; Antônia Flávia Fernandes Torres; José Antonio Delfino Barbosa Filho; Vitor Hugo Maués Macedo; Magno José Duarte Cândido (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2022)

Geoheritage of a Brazilian Semi-Arid Environment: the Seridó Aspiring UNESCO Geopark - Matheus Lisboa Nobre da Silva; Marcos Antonio Leite do Nascimento; Silas Samuel dos Santos Costa (Geoheritage, 2022)

Using kinematics to re-define the pull test as a quantitative biomarker of the postural response in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients - Samuel Daly; Jacob T. Hanson; Vibha Mavanji; Amy Gravely; James Jean; Alec Jonason; Scott Lewis; James Ashe; John M. Looft; Robert A. McGovern (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)

Effect of a speed ascent to the top of Europe on cognitive function in elite climbers - Benoit Champigneulle; Karen Davranche; Julien Vincent Brugniaux; Sébastien Baillieul; Thibault Gajdos; Stéphane Doutreleau; Paul Robach; Pierre Bouzat; Samuel Verges (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)

Muscle growth adaptations to high-load training and low-load training with blood flow restriction in calf muscles - Ryo Kataoka; Ecaterina Vasenina; William B. Hammert; Adam H. Ibrahim; Scott J. Dankel; Samuel L. Buckner (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)

Phytoextraction of Zn and Cd with Arabidopsis halleri: a focus on fertilization and biological amendment as a means of increasing biomass and Cd and Zn concentrations - Arnaud Grignet; Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui; Samuel Teillaud; Joël Fontaine; Arnaud Papin; Valérie Bert (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

The relationship between external debt and ecological footprint in SANE countries: insights from Kónya panel causality approach - Darlington Akam; Solomon Prince Nathaniel; Hamid Adebayo Muili; Samuel Nzube Eze (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Trend analysis of anthropogenic activities affecting trace metals deposition in core sediments from the coastal and four rivers estuary of Sarawak, Malaysia - Ebenezer Aquisman Asare; Zaini Assim; Rafeah Wahi; Tomy Bakeh; Sylvester Samuel Dapaah (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Metabolic phenotyping of tear fluid as a prognostic tool for personalised medicine exemplified by T2DM patients - Julia Brunmair; Andrea Bileck; Doreen Schmidl; Gerhard Hagn; Samuel M. Meier-Menches; Nikolaus Hommer; Andreas Schlatter; Christopher Gerner; Gerhard Garhöfer (EPMA Journal, 2022)
Background/aims Concerning healthcare approaches, a paradigm change from reactive medicine to predictive approaches, targeted prevention, and personalisation of medical services is highly desirable. This raises demand for biomarker signatures that support the prediction and diagnosis of diseases, as well as monitoring strategies regarding therapeutic efficacy and supporting individualised treatments. New methodological developments should preferably rely on non-invasively sampled biofluids like sweat and tears in order to provide optimal compliance, reduce costs, and ensure availability of the biomaterial. Here, we have thus investigated the metabolic composition of human tears in comparison to finger sweat in order to find biofluid-specific marker molecules derived from distinct secretory glands. The comprehensive investigation of numerous biofluids may lead to the identification of novel biomarker signatures. Moreover, tear fluid analysis may not only provide insight into eye pathologies but may also be relevant for the prediction and monitoring of disease progression and/ or treatment of systemic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Sweat and tear fluid were sampled from 20 healthy volunteers using filter paper and commercially available Schirmer strips, respectively. Finger sweat analysis has already been successfully established in our laboratory. In this study, we set up and evaluated methods for tear fluid extraction and analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry hyphenated with liquid chromatography, using optimised gradients each for metabolites and eicosanoids. Sweat and tears were systematically compared using statistical analysis. As second approach, we performed a clinical pilot study with 8 diabetic patients and compared them to 19 healthy subjects. Results Tear fluid was found to be a rich source for metabolic phenotyping. Remarkably, several molecules previously identified by us in sweat were found significantly enriched in tear fluid, including creatine or taurine. Furthermore, other metabolites such as kahweol and various eicosanoids were exclusively detectable in tears, demonstrating the orthogonal power for biofluid analysis in order to gain information on individual health states. The clinical pilot study revealed that many endogenous metabolites that have previously been linked to type 2 diabetes such as carnitine, tyrosine, uric acid, and valine were indeed found significantly up-regulated in tears of diabetic patients. Nicotinic acid and taurine were elevated in the diabetic cohort as well and may represent new biomarkers for diabetes specifically identified in tear fluid. Additionally, systemic medications, like metformin, bisoprolol, and gabapentin, were readily detectable in tears of patients. Conclusions The high number of identified marker molecules found in tear fluid apparently supports disease development prediction, developing preventive approaches as well as tailoring individual patients’ treatments and monitoring treatment efficacy. Tear fluid analysis may also support pharmacokinetic studies and patient compliance control.

Corporate financial performance: a study based on the Carbon Efficient Index (ICO2) of Brazil stock exchange - Carlos Rogério Montenegro de Lima; Samuel Borges Barbosa; Ruy de Castro Sobrosa Neto; Daniel Goulart Bazil; José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain: a One Health perspective applied to the poultry industry - Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva; Kelvin Lim; Daniel Farias Marinho do Monte; Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez; Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves; Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto; Samuel Kariuki; Angelo Berchieri Júnior; Celso José Bruno de Oliveira; Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes (Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2022)

Clofibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-Alpha (PPARα) Agonist, and Its Molecular Mechanisms of Action against Sodium Fluoride–Induced Toxicity - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi; Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi; Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre; Olumide Samuel Ajani; Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga; Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi; Aduragbenro Deborah A. Adedapo; Abimbola Obemisola Aro; Blessing Seun Ogunpolu; Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan; Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi; Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi; et al. (Biological Trace Element Research, 2022)

Organic and conventional vegetable production in northern Ghana: farmers’ decision making and technical efficiency - Vivian F. Boateng; Samuel A. Donkoh; William Adzawla (Organic Agriculture, 2022)

Meta‐analysis shows both congruence and complementarity of DNA and eDNA metabarcoding to traditional methods for biological community assessment - François Keck; Rosetta C. Blackman; Raphael Bossart; Jeanine Brantschen; Marjorie Couton; Samuel Hürlemann; Dominik Kirschner; Nadine Locher; Heng Zhang; Florian Altermatt (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
DNA metabarcoding is increasingly used for the assessment of aquatic communities, and numerous studies have investigated the consistency of this technique with traditional morpho‐taxonomic approaches. These individual studies have used DNA metabarcoding to assess diversity and community structure of aquatic organisms both in marine and freshwater systems globally over the last decade. However, a systematic analysis of the comparability and effectiveness of DNA‐based community assessment across all of these studies has hitherto been lacking. Here, we performed the first meta‐analysis of available studies comparing traditional methods and DNA metabarcoding to measure and assess biological diversity of key aquatic groups, including plankton, microphytobentos, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Across 215 data sets, we found that DNA metabarcoding provides richness estimates that are globally consistent to those obtained using traditional methods, both at local and regional scale. DNA metabarcoding also generates species inventories that are highly congruent with traditional methods for fish. Contrastingly, species inventories of plankton, microphytobenthos and macroinvertebrates obtained by DNA metabarcoding showed pronounced differences to traditional methods, missing some taxa but at the same time detecting otherwise overseen diversity. The method is generally sufficiently advanced to study the composition of fish communities and replace more invasive traditional methods. For smaller organisms, like macroinvertebrates, plankton and microphytobenthos, DNA metabarcoding may continue to give complementary rather than identical estimates compared to traditional approaches. Systematic and comparable data collection will increase the understanding of different aspects of this complementarity, and increase the effectiveness of the method and adequate interpretation of the results.

Seasonally variable relationships between surface water temperature and inflow in the upper San Francisco Estuary - Samuel M. Bashevkin; Brian Mahardja (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Water temperature and inflow are key environmental drivers in aquatic systems that are linked through a causal web of factors including climate, weather, water management, and their downstream linkages. However, we do not yet fully understand the relationship between inflow and water temperature, especially in complex managed systems such as estuaries. The San Francisco Estuary is the center of a critical water supply infrastructure and home to a deteriorating ecosystem with several declining fish species at the warm edge of their thermal range. We used generalized additive modeling of long‐term monitoring data to evaluate the relationship between inflow and water temperature along with its spatio‐seasonal variability. Most commonly, we found a negative temperature‐inflow relationship in which water temperatures increased as inflow decreased, up to 2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. However, the opposite (positive) relationship was observed in the winter months, and in the western (downstream) regions from July–September, up to − 1.2°C from high‐ to low‐inflow years. These results were upheld by models that included the long‐term temperature trend or used salinity as a proxy for location. Upstream factors likely played the biggest role in the summer when local precipitation is negligible, whereas local precipitation and the related weather conditions may drive much of the winter pattern. Although further mechanistic studies are needed to infer the direct effect of dam releases on water temperatures, these results provide a broader understanding of the impacts of flood and drought dynamics for those tasked with managing estuarine ecosystems.

Cover Image: Volume 25 Number 3, March 2022 - Joseph A. Tobias; Catherine Sheard; Alex L. Pigot; Adam J. M. Devenish; Jingyi Yang; Ferran Sayol; Montague H. C. Neate‐Clegg; Nico Alioravainen; Thomas L. Weeks; Robert A. Barber; Patrick A. Walkden; Hannah E. A. MacGregor; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2022)

AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds - Joseph A. Tobias; Catherine Sheard; Alex L. Pigot; Adam J. M. Devenish; Jingyi Yang; Ferran Sayol; Montague H. C. Neate‐Clegg; Nico Alioravainen; Thomas L. Weeks; Robert A. Barber; Patrick A. Walkden; Hannah E. A. MacGregor; et al. (Ecology Letters, 2022)
Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity.

Causal Evidence for a Role of Cerebellar Lobulus Simplex in Prefrontal-Hippocampal Interaction in Spatial Working Memory Decision-Making - Yu Liu; Samuel S. McAfee; Meike E. Van Der Heijden; Mukesh Dhamala; Roy V. Sillitoe; Detlef H. Heck (The Cerebellum, 2022)

Use of 1D Unsteady HEC-RAS in a Coupled System for Compound Flood Modeling: North Carolina Case Study - Samuel T. Bush; Kendra M. Dresback; Christine M. Szpilka; Randall L. Kolar (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
The research presented herein develops and compares an ADCIRC and ADCIRC/HEC-RAS (1D) paired model for the purpose of compound flood modeling within the Tar River and Pamlico Sound basins of North Carolina. Both the ADCIRC and 1D HEC-RAS models are capable of simulating river systems but differ in their underlying numerical formulations. A case-study comparison of each model’s ability to simulate flooding accurately and quickly in a riverine/estuarine system is investigated herein; results may serve as a valuable reference to forecasters and model developers. Individual models of the Tar River and Pamlico Sound area in North Carolina were used, and pairings of these models were devised to determine the benefits and drawbacks of using ADCIRC alone, or ADCIRC + 1D HEC-RAS, to simulate the response of the Tar River and Pamlico Sound during three test events: Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Floyd, and an unnamed April 2003 event. With increased emphasis on predicting total water levels, the results of this study can provide information for the possible development of similarly paired models for coastal river systems across the US and improve the body of knowledge about each model’s relative performance in riverine and estuarine areas.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ocotea pomaderroides extracts: HPLC-MS/MS characterization and molecular modeling studies - Isabella M. A. Reis; Dayse S. A. Cassiano; Rodrigo S. Conceição; Humberto F. de Freitas; Samuel S. da R. Pita; Jorge M. David; Alexsandro Branco (Natural Product Research, 2022)

Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data - José Enrique Gutiérrez-Romero; Samuel Ruiz-Capel; Jerónimo Esteve-Pérez; Blas Zamora-Parra; Juan Pedro Luna-Abad (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022)
The real resistance that a ship must face when it is navigating in ice floes is the key factor for knowing the necessary power and the required engine size. The aim of this work is to provide valuable data to help other research in which numerical frameworks will be developed to study ship navigation in broken ice. In this work, we used paraffin wax as an alternative to obtain affordable solutions, avoiding the high cost of ice tests. The experiments were carried out in a traditional basin facility and they consisted of towing tank tests with a ship model using different concentrations of blocks simulated by the use of paraffin wax. Photogrammetry was used as technique to determine the initial position of the ice blocks, which is important as starting data in the current development of numerical simulation code for studying the features of ship resistance in drift ice. These data are available for some ice concentrations in attached files. In addition, a procedure for testing in traditional towing facilities is presented and discussed. The results of the resistance obtained in the experiments in the presence of simulated floes are presented for three concentrations and three model speeds. Some findings may be applicable to ice sailing, under given circumstances.

Precipitation Extremes and Water Vapor - J. David Neelin; Cristian Martinez-Villalobos; Samuel N. Stechmann; Fiaz Ahmed; Gang Chen; Jesse M. Norris; Yi-Hung Kuo; Geert Lenderink (Current Climate Change Reports, 2022)
Purpose of Review: Review our current understanding of how precipitation is related to its thermodynamic environment, i.e., the water vapor and temperature in the surroundings, and implications for changes in extremes in a warmer climate. Recent Findings: Multiple research threads have i) sought empirical relationships that govern onset of strong convective precipitation, or that might identify how precipitation extremes scale with changes in temperature; ii) examined how such extremes change with water vapor in global and regional climate models under warming scenarios; iii) identified fundamental processes that set the characteristic shapes of precipitation distributions. Summary: While water vapor increases tend to be governed by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship to temperature, precipitation extreme changes are more complex and can increase more rapidly, particularly in the tropics. Progress may be aided by bringing separate research threads together and by casting theory in terms of a full explanation of the precipitation probability distribution.

Seagrass restoration trials in tropical seagrass meadows of Kenya - Jacqueline Uku; Lillian Daudi; Charles Muthama; Victor Alati; Alex Kimathi; Samuel Ndirangu (Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2022)
The degradation of seagrasses is becoming prevalent in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region due to anchor damage, sea urchin herbivory, extreme events such as cyclones and floods and anthropogenic factors such as pollution and sediment inflows. Consequently, there have been numerous efforts to advance the restoration of degraded seagrass beds in several countries in the region. In Kenya, experimental restoration efforts were started in 2007 in response to seagrass habitat degradation due to sea urchin herbivory. Although the initial efforts experienced challenges, there were lessons learned which provided insights into subsequent restoration work using different techniques. In this paper, insights are provided into three types of restoration techniques; the sod technique, the seagrass mimic technique, and the Hessian bag technique. In the case of the sod technique, Thalassodendron ciliatum showed a decline from 20 ± 1.7 shoots sod-1 in the first three weeks to 7 ± 4.4 shoots sod-1 at the end of the experimental period of the study, while Thalassia hemprichii sods showed an increase from 28 ± 3.4 shoots sod-1 to 32 ± 2.7 shoots sod-1 over the same period. For the Hessian bag method, the expectation was that the pilot site would be filled with the transplanted seagrass species, Thalassia hemprichii, but the findings showed that different species including Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila stipulacea, Cymodocea rotundata, and Cymodocea serrulata colonized the area. This indicated that it was not possible to restore the area to its original status, but that the area could be rehabilitated. The costs of restoration have also been assessed as well as community participation in such initiatives. These findings provide insights for restoration efforts in Kenya and provide a baseline for future work.

Small Differences in Diet Facilitate the Coexistence of Three Forage Fish Species in an Inshore Northern Patagonian Habitat - Lauren E. Wiesebron; Leonardo R. Castro; Samuel Soto; Jorge Castillo (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Forage fish play the crucial role of transferring energy from lower to upper trophic levels. These small pelagic fish feed on plankton and can compete with each other for food, leading to potentially complex interactions. Three forage fish species ( Sprattus fuegensis , Strangomera bentincki , and Engraulis ringens ) are commonly found in the inshore waters of Northern Chilean Patagonia, a region with large spatial variability in oceanographic conditions and in the zooplankton community. To better understand what factors may explain coexistence among these three forage fish species, we examined differences in resource availability (zooplankton community and abundances) in three locations (Chiloé, Cordillera, and Aysén regions) within Northern Patagonia. We compared the diet of the three fish species using both stable isotope and stomach content analyses, and we measured their gill rakers. S. fuegensis , the only species found in all three regions, had flexible diets which lent it greater success than the other two species at foraging in waters with fewer prey. We found little diet differentiation among the three species in the copepod-rich Cordillera region, but the diverging diets of S. bentincki and S. fuegensis in the copepod-poor Chiloé region suggest that diet partitioning in areas with fewer resources is due to competition. The small differences in diet facilitates coexistence among the three species, which may help explain the lack of correlation between the three species’ population abundances in the Cordillera region over the past 6 years. Finally, our results show that the high degree of oceanographic heterogeneity in Northern Patagonia may encourage species separation based on their specific environmental requirements.

Anti-mycotoxigenic and antifungal activity of ginger, turmeric, thyme and rosemary essential oils in deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) producing Fusarium graminearum - Jéssica Cristina Zoratto Romoli; Milena Veronezi Silva; Giseli Cristina Pante; Danielle Hoeltgebaum; Juliana Cristina Castro; Gustavo Henrique Oliveira da Rocha; Isis Regina Grenier Capoci; Samuel Botião Nerilo; Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini; Eduardo Micotti da Gloria; Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski; Jane Martha Graton Mikcha; et al. (Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2022)

From Hypersaline to Fresh-Brackish: Documenting the Impacts of Human Intervention on a Natural Water Body from Cores, Farmington Bay, UT, USA - Nathan Gunnell; Stephen Nelson; Samuel Rushforth; Kevin Rey; Samuel M. Hudson; Gregory Carling; Theron Miller; Leland Meyers; Daniel Engstrom (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2022)

Occurrence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in donkeys from central Kenya - Fredrick Ojiambo Obonyo; Ndichu Maingi; Samuel Maina Githigia; Peter Kimeli; Evans Nyaega Nyaboga (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Effect of dietary tomato powder on growth performance and blood characteristics of heat-stressed broiler chickens - Omoniyi Oluwaferanmi Olugbenga; Salami Suliat Adebola; Apata David Friday; Asala Titilayo Mercy; Ogoina Samuel Keniokpo (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Assessment of water and residue quality in three different drinking water distribution pipelines within high density areas in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria - Saheed Adekunle Ganiyu; Ayomikun Samuel Ogunyele; Abdullahi Adeyemi Akinyemi (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022)

The dual impact of climate change on irrigation water demand and reservoir performance: a case study of Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia - Yilikal Wondimu Kumilachew; Samuel Dagalo Hatiye (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022)

Effects of application rate on spray deposition, stink bug control, and yield in soybean crops - José L. C. Santos-Júnior; Carlos G. Raetano; Fernando K. de Carvalho; Pedro J. Ferreira-Filho; Júlio C. Guerreiro; Samuel Ferrari; Vagner Nascimento; Rafael S. Tomaz; Agatha S. Argioli; Evandro P. Prado (Phytoparasitica, 2022)

Price Responsiveness of Shale Oil: A Bakken Case Study - Marc H. Vatter; Samuel A. Van Vactor; Timothy C. Coburn (Natural Resources Research, 2022)

Microthermometry and noble gas isotope analysis of magmatic fluid inclusions in the Kerman porphyry Cu deposits, Iran: constraints on the source of ore-forming fluids - Behnam Shafiei Bafti; Samuel Niedermann; Marta Sośnicka; Sarah A. Gleeson (Mineralium Deposita, 2022)

Phosphoryl prodrugs: characteristics to improve drug development - Samuel A. Kirby; Cynthia S. Dowd (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2022)

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men - Neumir Sales de Lima; Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa; Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim; Fernando Gripp; Caíque Olegário Diniz e Magalhães; Samuel Henrique Pinto; Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto; Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior; Kelsey Bourbeau; Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2022)