Abdominal motion tracking with free-breathing XD-GRASP acquisitions using spatio-temporal geodesic trajectories - Rihab Mansour; Liset Vazquez Romaguera; Catherine Huet; Ahmed Bentridi; Kim-Nhien Vu; Jean-Sébastien Billiard; Guilllaume Gilbert; An Tang; Samuel Kadoury (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2022)

Characterization of the Gene Repertoire and Environmentally Driven Expression Patterns in Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) - Grace Crandall; Pamela C. Jensen; Samuel J. White; Steven Roberts (Marine Biotechnology, 2022)

A data framework for assessing social inequality and equity in multi‐sector social, ecological, infrastructural urban systems: Focus on fine‐spatial scales - Lara P. Clark; Samuel Tabory; Kangkang Tong; Joseph L. Servadio; Kelsey Kappler; Corey Kewei Xu; Abiola S. Lawal; Peter Wiringa; Len Kne; Richard Feiock; Julian D. Marshall; Armistead Russell; et al. (Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2022)
Cities are increasingly advancing multiple societal goals related to environmental sustainability, health, well‐being, and equity. However, there are few comprehensive data sets that address social inequality and equity across multiple infrastructure sectors, determinants, and outcomes, particularly at fine intra‐urban spatial scales. This paper: (1) Offers an overarching conceptualization of inequality and equity in multi‐sector urban systems; (2) Introduces a broad data framework to assess inequality and equity across social ( S ), ecological ( E ), infrastructural ( I ), and urban ( U ) form determinants ( SEIU ) and environment ( E ), health ( H ), well‐being ( W ), and economy and security ( E ) outcomes ( EHWE ), identifying a universe of >110 SEIU–EHWE data layers (variables) of interest; (3) Provides an illustrative data case study of a US city that synthesizes publicly available sources of the associated SEIU–EHWE data attributes, noting their availability/gaps at fine spatial scales, important to inform social inequality; (4) Discusses analytic methods to quantify inequality and spatial correlates across SEIU determinants and EHWE outcomes; and, (5) Demonstrates several use‐cases of the data framework and companion analytic methods through real‐world applied case studies that inform equity planning in applications ranging from energy sector investments to air pollution and health. The US data case study reveals data availability (covering 41 of the 113 data layers) as well as major gaps associated with EHWE outcomes at fine spatial scales, while the application examples demonstrate practical use. Overall, the SEIU–EHWE data framework provides an anchor for systematically gathering, analyzing, and informing multiple dimensions of inequality and equity in sustainable urban systems.

Implementing Community-Based Prostate Cancer Education in Rural South Carolina: a Collaborative Approach Through a Statewide Cancer Alliance - Catherine Troy; Ashley Brunson; Andrew Goldsmith; Samuel Noblet; Susan E. Steck; James R. Hebert; Johnny Payne; Doug McCormick; Daniela B. Friedman (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Effects of pre-freezing blanching procedures on the physicochemical properties and microbial quality of frozen sugar kelp - Samuel Akomea-Frempong; Jennifer J. Perry; Denise I. Skonberg (Journal of Applied Phycology, 2022)

Performance and efficiency of trap designs baited with sex pheromone for monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda males in corn crops - Samuel Cruz-Esteban; Alberto Julián Valencia-Botín; Armando Virgen; Antonio Santiesteban; Neby M. Mérida-Torres; Julio C. Rojas (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

A National-Level Assessment of Lemur Hunting Pressure in Madagascar - Cortni Borgerson; Steig E. Johnson; Emma Hall; Kerry A. Brown; Pamela R. Narváez-Torres; Be Jean Rodolph Rasolofoniaina; Be Noel Razafindrapaoly; Samuel D. Merson; Katharine E. T. Thompson; Sheila M. Holmes; Edward E. Louis; Christopher D. Golden (International Journal of Primatology, 2022)

Removal of Phosphate from the Healthcare Wastewater Through Peroxi-Photoelectrocoagulation Process: Effect of Process Parameters - Samuel Fekadu; Esayas Alemayehu; Perumal Asaithambi; Bart Van der Bruggen (International Journal of Environmental Research, 2022)

Palm fiber ash as a supplementary cementitious material for the production of mortar prism - Samuel Kofi Tulashie; Samuel Dapaah; David Mensah; Nelson Appiah (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2022)

Physical activity reduces the risk of pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 prospective studies involving 1,044,492 participants - Setor K. Kunutsor; Samuel Seidu; Jari A. Laukkanen (GeroScience, 2022)
The beneficial effects of regular physical activity in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases are well documented. The relationship between regular physical activity and the risk of pneumonia is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude and specificity of the prospective association between regular physical activity and the risk of pneumonia using a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations. Relevant studies with at least 1 year of follow-up were sought from inception until 15 September 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the maximum versus the minimal amount of physical activity groups were pooled using fixed effects meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE tool. A total of 10 prospective cohort studies comprising 1,044,492 participants and 7681 events were eligible. The pooled multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI) of pneumonia comparing the most versus the least physically active groups was 0.69 (0.64–0.74). This association was significantly modified by type of outcome ( p- value for meta-regression = .002): 0.82 (0.72–0.93) for incident pneumonia and 0.64 (0.59–0.70) for pneumonia-related mortality. There was no evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias. The GRADE quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to low. Aggregate analysis of 10 cohort studies shows that regular physical activity is associated with lowered risk of incident pneumonia and pneumonia-related mortality in the general population. Physical activity types that are attractive to and feasible for high-risk populations need to be identified and encouraged. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021277514.

Higher-order resting state network association with the useful field of view task in older adults - Cheshire Hardcastle; Hanna K. Hausman; Jessica N. Kraft; Alejandro Albizu; Nicole D. Evangelista; Emanuel M. Boutzoukas; Andrew O’Shea; Kailey Langer; Emily Van Van Etten; Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj; Hyun Song; Samantha G. Smith; et al. (GeroScience, 2022)

Higher seasonal temperature enhances the occurrence of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in house flies (Musca domestica) under hospital and environmental settings - Md. Abdus Sobur; Md. Saiful Islam; Zobayda Farzana Haque; Ebiowei Samuel F. Orubu; Antonio Toniolo; Md. Abu Choudhury; Md. Tanvir Rahman (Folia Microbiologica, 2022)

Therapeutic failures of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis in urology - Elodie Curlier; Yvanne Sadreux; Samuel Markowicz; Laurent Brureau; Sunniva Donat; Pascal Blanchet; Pierre-Marie Roger (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2022)

Effect of light on concomitant sequestration of Cu(II) and photodegradation of tetracycline by H-MOR/H-β/H-ZSM5 zeolites - Kingsley Igenepo John; Aderemi Timothy Adeleye; Comfort Abidemi Adeyanju; Samuel Ogunniyi; Joshua O. Ighalo; Adewale George Adeniyi (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Evaluation of nest management phases for Lepidochelys olivacea at two beaches in Northwest Mexico - Ingmar Sosa-Cornejo; Luz Isela Peinado-Guevara; Héctor Rafael Contreras-Aguilar; Fernando Enciso-Saracho; Mariano Sandoval-Bautista; Idelfonso Enciso-Padilla; Samuel Campista-León (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022)

Is citrate synthase an energy biomarker in Southwestern Atlantic corals? A comparative, biochemical approach under a simulated scenario of climate change - Mariana Semola Angonese; Samuel Coelho Faria; Adalto Bianchini (Coral Reefs, 2022)

High additions of nitrogen affect plant species-specific differences in the composition of main microbial groups and the uptake of rhizodeposited carbon in a grassland soil - Andrea Leptin; David Whitehead; Kate H. Orwin; Samuel R. McNally; John E. Hunt; Keith C. Cameron; Niklas J. Lehto (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2022)

Sensing microbial infections in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic model organism - Samuel Liegeois; Dominique Ferrandon (Immunogenetics, 2022)

Challenges and opportunities of area-based conservation in reaching biodiversity and sustainability goals - Samuel Hoffmann (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)
Area-based conservation is essential to safeguard nature’s diversity. In view of expanding human land use, increasing climate change and unmet conservation targets, area-based conservation requires efficiency and effectiveness more than ever. In this review, I identify and relate pressing challenges to promising opportunities for effective and efficient protected area governance and management, to enhance research, decision-making and capacity building in area-based conservation under uncertain future developments. I reveal that protected area management is particularly challenged by human land use, climate change, invasive species, and social, political and economic limitations. Protected area management often lacks the continuous availability of data on current states and trends of nature and threats. Biocultural conservation, climate-smart management and biosecurity approaches help to overcome challenges induced by human needs, climate change and invasive species, respectively. Economic valuation and shifts in funding priorities can boost protected area effectiveness and efficiency. In-situ monitoring techniques, remote sensing and open data infrastructures can fill data and information gaps for protected area planning and management. Moreover, adaptive management is an auspicious concept in the framework of systematic conservation planning to ensure the enduring effectiveness of protected areas despite unpredictable future developments. Post-2020 international biodiversity and sustainable development goals could be met earlier if protected areas were more effective. I consequently conclude with the need for a global information system that is to support area-based conservation by synthesizing challenges and opportunities for protected area management effectiveness and efficiency at the local to global level.

Complete genome sequences of two isolates of spiraea yellow leafspot virus (genus Badnavirus) from Spiraea x bumalda ‘Anthony Waterer’ - R. A. Alvarez-Quinto; Joana Serrano; Neil Olszewski; Samuel Grinstead; Dimitre Mollov; B. E. L. Lockhart (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Petrophysics and Flow Zone Indicator evaluation of reservoirs in OKX Field, offshore depobelt, Niger Delta - Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru; Okocha Michael Iheanyichukwu; Aref Lashin; Emeka Austin Okoli; Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Temporal variation in deterministic chaos: the influence of Kainji dam on downstream stations along lower Niger River - Samuel Ogunjo; Adeyemi Olusola; Ibiyinka Fuwape; Olufemi Durowoju (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Tillage Practices in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: A Review - Koffi Djaman; Komlan Koudahe; Houteta D. Koubodana; Aminou Saibou; Samuel Essah (American Journal of Potato Research, 2022)

Next‐generation phylogeography resolves post‐glacial colonization patterns in a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), in Europe - Allan D. McDevitt; Ilaria Coscia; Samuel S. Browett; Aritz Ruiz‐González; Mark J. Statham; Iwona Ruczyńska; Liam Roberts; Joanna Stojak; Alain C. Frantz; Karin Norén; Erik O. Ågren; Jane Learmount; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Carnivores tend to exhibit a lack of (or less pronounced) genetic structure at continental scales in both a geographic and temporal sense and this can confound the identification of post‐glacial colonization patterns in this group. In this study we used genome‐wide data (using genotyping by sequencing [GBS]) to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of a widespread carnivore, the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), by investigating broad‐scale patterns of genomic variation, differentiation and admixture amongst contemporary populations in Europe. Using 15,003 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 524 individuals allowed us to identify the importance of refugial regions for the red fox in terms of endemism (e.g., Iberia). In addition, we tested multiple post‐glacial recolonization scenarios of previously glaciated regions during the Last Glacial Maximum using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach that were unresolved from previous studies. This allowed us to identify the role of admixture from multiple source population post‐Younger Dryas in the case of Scandinavia and ancient land‐bridges in the colonization of the British Isles. A natural colonization of Ireland was deemed more likely than an ancient human‐mediated introduction as has previously been proposed and potentially points to a larger mammalian community on the island in the early post‐glacial period. Using genome‐wide data has allowed us to tease apart broad‐scale patterns of structure and diversity in a widespread carnivore in Europe that was not evident from using more limited marker sets and provides a foundation for next‐generation phylogeographic studies in other non‐model species.

Disturbance is complicated: Headward‐eroding saltmarsh creeks produce multiple responses and recovery trajectories - Fengrun Wu; Steven C. Pennings; Collin Ortals; Jennifer Ruiz; W. Reilly Farrell; Samuel M. McNichol; Christine Angelini; Amanda C. Spivak; Merryl Alber; Chunfu Tong (Limnology and Oceanography, 2022)
Disturbances are one of the most important processes affecting natural systems, but there is a gap between simple conceptual models of disturbance and complex empirical studies. We studied the perturbation caused by headward‐eroding creeks in southeastern USA salt marshes. We measured disturbance responses (magnitude and recovery trajectory) of 19 variables. Some variables (shoot density, root biomass, snail density, soil pH, soil strength, soil temperature, elevation) declined sharply, while other variables (crab burrow density, soil organic matter, soil redox) increased sharply, in response to the burrowed and grazed conditions at the creek head. These variables recovered over subsequent years or decades. Other variables (shoot height, aboveground biomass, rhizome biomass, light interception) declined sharply in the creek head, then overshot control values before recovering. Some variables (benthic algae, soil salinity) did not appear to be disturbed by the creek head. As hypothesized, plants recovered before soils and snails. Disturbance magnitude and time to recovery were often greater directly adjacent to the new creekbank than for the same variables in a parallel transect further away from the creekbank, and in some cases variables never converged with control values, indicating a persistent state change. Reducing the dimensionality of the data set into principal component axes obscured the diverse ways in which different aspects of the system responded to and recovered from the perturbation. Our study illustrates the challenges in moving from simple conceptual models of disturbance to empirical studies in which multiple variables are likely to be affected differently and follow different recovery trajectories.

Fire management alters the thermal landscape and provides multi‐scale thermal options for a terrestrial turtle facing a changing climate - Ellen P. Robertson; Evan P. Tanner; R. Dwayne Elmore; Samuel D. Fuhlendorf; Jonathan D. Mays; Jennifer Knutson; John R. Weir; Scott R. Loss (Global Change Biology, 2022)
As effects of climate change intensify, there is a growing need to understand the thermal properties of landscapes and their influence on wildlife. A key thermal property of landscapes is vegetation structure and composition. Management approaches can alter vegetation and consequently the thermal landscape, potentially resulting in underappreciated consequences for wildlife thermoregulation. Consideration of spatial scale can clarify how management overlaid onto existing vegetation patterns affects thermal properties of landscapes relevant to wildlife. We examined effects of temperature, fire management, and vegetation structure on multi‐scale habitat selection of an ectothermic vertebrate (the turtle Terrapene carolina triunguis ) in the Great Plains of the central United States by linking time‐since‐fire data from 18 experimental burn plots to turtle telemetry locations and thermal and vegetation height data. Within three 60‐ha experimental landscapes, each containing six 10‐ha sub‐blocks that are periodically burned, we found that turtles select time‐since‐fire gradients differently depending on maximum daily ambient temperature. At moderate temperatures, turtles selected sub‐blocks with recent (

A novel approach to partitioning evapotranspiration into evaporation and transpiration in flooded ecosystems - Elke Eichelmann; Mauricio C. Mantoani; Samuel D. Chamberlain; Kyle S. Hemes; Patricia Y. Oikawa; Daphne Szutu; Alex Valach; Joseph Verfaillie; Dennis D. Baldocchi (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Reliable partitioning of micrometeorologically measured evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation ( E ) and transpiration ( T ) would greatly enhance our understanding of the water cycle and its response to climate change related shifts in local‐to‐regional climate conditions and rising global levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). While some methods on ET partitioning have been developed, their underlying assumptions make them difficult to apply more generally, especially in sites with large contributions of E . Here, we report a novel ET partitioning method using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in combination with a range of environmental input variables to predict daytime E from nighttime ET measurements. The study uses eddy covariance data from four restored wetlands in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, as well as leaf‐level T data for validation. The four wetlands vary in their vegetation make‐up and structure, representing a range of ET conditions. The ANNs were built with increasing complexity by adding the input variable that resulted in the next highest average value of model testing R 2 across all sites. The order of variable inclusion (and importance) was: VPD > gap‐filled sensible heat flux ( H _gf) > air temperature ( T air ) > friction velocity ( u ∗ ) > other variables. The model using VPD, H _gf, T air , and u ∗ showed the best performance during validation with independent data and had a mean testing R 2 value of 0.853 (averaged across all sites, range from 0.728 to 0.910). In comparison to other methods, our ANN method generated T /ET partitioning results which were more consistent with CO 2 exchange data especially for more heterogeneous sites with large E contributions. Our method improves the understanding of T /ET partitioning. While it may be particularly suited to flooded ecosystems, it can also improve T /ET partitioning in other systems, increasing our knowledge of the global water cycle and ecosystem functioning.

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America - Rogério R. Silva; Felipe Martello; Rodrigo Machado Feitosa; Otávio Guilherme M. Silva; Lívia Pires do Prado; Carlos Roberto F. Brandão; Emília Zoppas de Albuquerque; Maria Santina C. Morini; Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie; Erison Carlos dos Santos Monteiro; Agripino Emanuel Oliveira Alves; Alexander L. Wild; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region‐wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events.

Human placental mesenchymal stromal cell therapy restores the cytokine efflux and insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes rat model - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi; Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath; Sukesh Narayan Sinha; R. Bhonde; Sathish Kumar Mungamuri; Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan (Human Cell, 2022)

Modeling Carbon Budgets and Acidification in the Mediterranean Sea Ecosystem Under Contemporary and Future Climate - Cosimo Solidoro; Gianpiero Cossarini; Paolo Lazzari; Giovanni Galli; Giorgio Bolzon; Samuel Somot; Stefano Salon (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
We simulate and analyze the effects of a high CO 2 emission scenario on the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemical state at the end of the XXI century, with a focus on carbon cycling, budgets and fluxes, within and between the Mediterranean sub-basins, and on ocean acidification. As a result of the overall warming of surface water and exchanges at the boundaries, the model results project an increment in both the plankton primary production and the system total respiration. However, productivity increases less than respiration, so these changes yield to a decreament in the concentrations of total living carbon, chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon and oxygen in the epipelagic layer, and to an increment in the DIC pool all over the basin. In terms of mass budgets, the large increment in the dissolution of atmospheric CO 2 results in an increment of most carbon fluxes, including the horizontal exchanges between eastern and western sub-basins, in a reduction of the organic carbon component, and in an increament of the inorganic one. The eastern sub-basin accumulates more than 85% of the absorbed atmospheric CO 2 . A clear ocean acidification signal is observed all over the basin, quantitatively similar to those projected in most oceans, and well detectable also down to the mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers.

Precautionary Principle or Evidence-Based Conservation? Assessing the Information Content of Threat Data for the Yangtze Finless Porpoise - Lisa M. W. Mogensen; Zhigang Mei; Yujiang Hao; Xavier A. Harrison; Ding Wang; Samuel T. Turvey (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Conservation management requires evidence, but robust data on key parameters such as threats are often unavailable. Conservation-relevant insights might be available within datasets collected for other reasons, making it important to determine the information content of available data for threatened species and identify remaining data-gaps before investing time and resources in novel data collection. The Yangtze finless porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis ) has declined severely across the middle-lower Yangtze, but multiple threats exist in this system and the relative impact of different anthropogenic activities is unclear, preventing identification of appropriate mitigation strategies. Several datasets containing information on porpoises or potential threats are available from past boat-based and fishing community surveys, which might provide novel insights into causes of porpoise mortality and decline. We employed multiple analytical approaches to investigate spatial relationships between live and dead porpoises and different threats, reproductive trends over time, and sustainable offtake levels, to assess whether evidence-based conservation is feasible under current data availability. Our combined analyses provide new evidence that mortality is spatially associated with increased cargo traffic; observed mortality levels (probably a substantial underestimate of true levels) are unsustainable; and population recruitment is decreasing, although multiple factors could be responsible (pollutants, declining fish stocks, anthropogenic noise, reduced genetic diversity). Available data show little correlation between patterns of mortality and fishing activity even when analyzed across multiple spatial scales; however, interview data can be affected by multiple biases that potentially complicate attempts to reconstruct levels of bycatch, and new data are required to understand dynamics and sustainability of porpoise-fisheries interactions. This critical assessment of existing data thus suggests that in situ porpoise conservation management must target multiple co-occurring threats. Even limited available datasets can provide new insights for understanding declines, and we demonstrate the importance of an integrative approach for investigating complex conservation problems and maximizing evidence in conservation planning for poorly known taxa.

The Rapid Population Collapse of a Key Marine Predator in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula Endangers Genetic Diversity and Resilience to Climate Change - Douglas J. Krause; Carolina A. Bonin; Michael E. Goebel; Christian S. Reiss; Samuel M. Woodman; George M. Watters (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Antarctic fur seals (AFS) are an ecologically important predator and a focal indicator species for ecosystem-based Antarctic fisheries management. This species suffered intensive anthropogenic exploitation until the early 1900s, but recolonized most of its former distribution, including the southern-most colony at Cape Shirreff, South Shetland Islands (SSI). The IUCN describes a single, global AFS population of least concern ; however, extensive genetic analyses clearly identify four distinct breeding stocks, including one in the SSI. To update the population status of SSI AFS, we analyzed 20 years of field-based data including population counts, body size and condition, natality, recruitment, foraging behaviors, return rates, and pup mortality at the largest SSI colony. Our findings show a precipitous decline in AFS abundance (86% decrease since 2007), likely driven by leopard seal predation (increasing since 2001, p << 0.001) and potentially worsening summer foraging conditions. We estimated that leopard seals consumed an average of 69.3% (range: 50.3–80.9%) of all AFS pups born each year since 2010. AFS foraging-trip durations, an index of their foraging habitat quality, were consistent with decreasing krill and fish availability. Significant improvement in the age-specific over-winter body condition of AFS indicates that observed population declines are driven by processes local to the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The loss of SSI AFS would substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the species, and decrease its resilience to climate change. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the conservation status of Antarctic fur seals, particularly for the rapidly declining SSI population.

A new diterpene and bioactivities of labdanes isolated from Buddleja marrubiifolia - Edith Fabiola Martínez-Pérez; Eleuterio Burgueño-Tapia; Samuel Roa-Flores; Aranza E. Bendaña-Piñeiro; Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola; Horacio Bach; Luis Ricardo Hernández (Natural Product Research, 2022)

Observing the water handling in humans to resolve the role of the interstitium: preliminary results of the usability of deuterium oxide and bio-impedance analysis – a pilot analysis - Kim Pauwaert; Samuel Bodé; Upeshka Sewwandi Alwis; Toon Mylle; Pascal Boeckx; Joris Delanghe; Karel Everaert; Saskia Roggeman (Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2022)

Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermal Breakout Method for Maximum Horizontal Stress Measurement - Maciej Trzeciak; Hiroki Sone; Samuel Voegeli; Charlotte E. Bate; Herbert Wang (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022)

Optimization of T-DNA configuration with UBIQUITIN10 promoters and tRNA–sgRNA complexes promotes highly efficient genome editing in allotetraploid tobacco - Manoj Kumar; Dana Ayzenshtat; Adar Marko; Samuel Bocobza (Plant Cell Reports, 2022)

A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Unmixing Detrital Geochronologic Data - John R. Tipton; Glenn R. Sharman; Samuel A. Johnstone (Mathematical Geosciences, 2022)

Land use alters the abundance of herbivore and predatory insects on crops: the case of alfalfa - Filipe Madeira; Gemma Clemente-Orta; Oscar Alomar; Ivan Batuecas; Samuel Sossai; Ramon Albajes (Journal of Pest Science, 2022)

The effect of elevated muscle pain on neuromuscular fatigue during exercise - Ryan Norbury; Samuel A. Smith; Mark Burnley; Megan Judge; Alexis R. Mauger (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)
Purpose Muscle pain can impair exercise performance but the mechanisms for this are unknown. This study examined the effects of muscle pain on neuromuscular fatigue during an endurance task. Methods On separate visits, twelve participants completed an isometric time-to-task failure (TTF) exercise of the right knee extensors at ~ 20% of maximum force following an intramuscular injection of isotonic saline (CTRL) or hypertonic saline (HYP) into the vastus lateralis. Measures of neuromuscular fatigue were taken before, during and after the TTF using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation. Results The mean pain intensity was 57 ± 10 in HYP compared to 38 ± 18 in CTRL ( P < 0.001). TTF was reduced in HYP (4.36 ± 0.88 min) compared to CTRL (5.20 ± 0.39 min) ( P = 0.003). Maximum voluntary force was 12% lower at minute 1 ( P = 0.003) and 11% lower at minute 2 in HYP ( P = 0.013) compared to CTRL. Voluntary activation was 4% lower at minute 1 in HYP compared to CTRL ( P = 0.006) but not at any other time point (all P > 0.05). The TMS silent period was 9% longer at 100 s during the TTF in HYP compared to CTRL ( P = 0.026). Conclusion Muscle pain reduces exercise performance through the excacerbation of neuromuscular fatigue that is central in origin. This appears to be from inhibitory feedback from group III/IV nociceptors which acts to reduce central motor output.

Spatial characterization of surface water vulnerability to diffuse pollution related to pesticide contamination: case of the Gimone watershed in France - Chaima Grimene; Oussama Mghirbi; Samuel Louvet; Jean-Paul Bord; Philippe Le Grusse (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Women farmers’ perceived indices of occurrence and severity of observed climate extremes in rural Savannah, Ghana - Gordon Yenglier Yiridomoh; Samuel Ziem Bonye; Emmanuel Kanchebe Derbile; Victor Owusu (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Correction to: Modelling Mediterranean heavy precipitation events at climate scale: an object-oriented evaluation of the CNRM-AROME convection-permitting regional climate model - Cécile Caillaud; Samuel Somot; Antoinette Alias; Isabelle Bernard-Bouissières; Quentin Fumière; Olivier Laurantin; Yann Seity; Véronique Ducrocq (Climate Dynamics, 2022)

Soil-root interface influences the assembly of the endophytic bacterial community in rice plants - Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel; Kazuki Suzuki; Rasit Asiloglu; Naoki Harada (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2022)

Chimaera compacta, a new species from southern Indian Ocean, and an estimate of phylogenetic relationships within the genus Chimaera (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeridae) - Samuel P. Iglésias; Jenny M. Kemper; Gavin J. P. Naylor (Ichthyological Research, 2022)

Does breeding habitat affect the amount of ants in the diet of European bee-eater nestlings? - Katarína Goffová; Samuel Krčmárik; Dávid Selnekovič; Vladimír Langraf; Mirko Bohuš; Adrián Purkart (Biologia, 2022)

Screening for tick-borne and tick-associated viruses in ticks collected in Ghana - Michael Amoa-Bosompem; Daisuke Kobayashi; Astri Nur Faizah; Shohei Kimura; Ama Antwi; Esinam Agbosu; Deborah Pratt; Mitsuko Ohashi; Joseph H. Kofi Bonney; Samuel Dadzie; Hiroko Ejiri; Nobuo Ohta; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediment Impacted by Cage Aquaculture in the Volta Basin of Ghana - Emmanuel Kaboja Magna; Samuel Senyo Koranteng; Augustine Donkor; Christopher Gordon (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2022)

Predators mitigate the destabilising effects of heatwaves on multitrophic stream communities - Samuel R. P.‐J. Ross; Jorge García Molinos; Atsushi Okuda; Jackson Johnstone; Keisuke Atsumi; Ryo Futamura; Maureen A. Williams; Yuichi Matsuoka; Jiro Uchida; Shoji Kumikawa; Hiroshi Sugiyama; Osamu Kishida; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Amidst the global extinction crisis, climate change will expose ecosystems to more frequent and intense extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves. Yet, whether predator species loss—a prevailing characteristic of the extinction crisis—will exacerbate the ecological consequences of extreme climatic events remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the loss of predator species can interact with heatwaves to moderate the compositional stability of ecosystems. We exposed multitrophic stream communities, with and without a dominant predator species, to realistic current and future heatwaves and found that heatwaves destabilised algal communities by homogenising them in space. However, this happened only when the predator was absent. Additional heatwave impacts on multiple aspects of stream communities, including changes to the structure of algal and macroinvertebrate communities, as well as total algal biomass and its temporal variability, were not apparent during heatwaves and emerged only after the heatwaves had passed. Taken together, our results suggest that the ecological consequences of heatwaves can amplify over time as their impacts propagate through biological interaction networks, but the presence of predators can help to buffer such impacts. These findings underscore the importance of conserving trophic structure, and highlight the potential for species extinctions to amplify the effects of climate change and extreme events.

Quantitatively monitoring the resilience of patterned vegetation in the Sahel - Joshua E. Buxton; Jesse F. Abrams; Chris A. Boulton; Nick Barlow; Camila Rangel Smith; Samuel Van Stroud; Kirsten J. Lees; Timothy M. Lenton (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Patterning of vegetation in drylands is a consequence of localized feedback mechanisms. Such feedbacks also determine ecosystem resilience—i.e. the ability to recover from perturbation. Hence, the patterning of vegetation has been hypothesized to be an indicator of resilience, that is, spots are less resilient than labyrinths. Previous studies have made this qualitative link and used models to quantitatively explore it, but few have quantitatively analysed available data to test the hypothesis. Here we provide methods for quantitatively monitoring the resilience of patterned vegetation, applied to 40 sites in the Sahel (a mix of previously identified and new ones). We show that an existing quantification of vegetation patterns in terms of a feature vector metric can effectively distinguish gaps, labyrinths, spots, and a novel category of spot–labyrinths at their maximum extent, whereas NDVI does not. The feature vector pattern metric correlates with mean precipitation. We then explored two approaches to measuring resilience. First we treated the rainy season as a perturbation and examined the subsequent rate of decay of patterns and NDVI as possible measures of resilience. This showed faster decay rates—conventionally interpreted as greater resilience—associated with wetter, more vegetated sites. Second we detrended the seasonal cycle and examined temporal autocorrelation and variance of the residuals as possible measures of resilience. Autocorrelation and variance of our pattern metric increase with declining mean precipitation, consistent with loss of resilience. Thus, drier sites appear less resilient, but we find no significant correlation between the mean or maximum value of the pattern metric (and associated morphological pattern types) and either of our measures of resilience.

Artificial selection of stable rhizosphere microbiota leads to heritable plant phenotype changes - Samuel Jacquiod; Aymé Spor; Shaodong Wei; Victoria Munkager; David Bru; Søren J. Sørensen; Christophe Salon; Laurent Philippot; Manuel Blouin (Ecology Letters, 2022)
Artificial selection of microbiota opens new avenues for improving plants. However, reported results lack consistency. We hypothesised that the success in artificial selection of microbiota depends on the stabilisation of community structure. In a ten‐generation experiment involving 1,800 plants, we selected rhizosphere microbiota of Brachypodium distachyon associated with high or low leaf greenness, a proxy of plant performance. The microbiota structure showed strong fluctuations during an initial transitory phase, with no detectable leaf greenness heritability. After five generations, the microbiota structure stabilised, concomitantly with heritability in leaf greenness. Selection, initially ineffective, did successfully alter the selected property as intended, especially for high selection. We show a remarkable correlation between the variability in plant traits and selected microbiota structures, revealing two distinct sub‐communities associated with high or low leaf greenness, whose abundance was significantly steered by directional selection. Understanding microbiota structure stabilisation will improve the reliability of artificial microbiota selection.

Do plant–soil interactions influence how the microbial community responds to environmental change? - Laurel M. Brigham; Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita; Jane G. Smith; Samuel A. Sartwell; Steven K. Schmidt; Katharine N. Suding (Ecology, 2022)
Global change alters ecosystems and their functioning, and biotic interactions can either buffer or amplify such changes. We utilized a long‐term nitrogen (N) addition and species removal experiment in the Front Range of Colorado, USA to determine whether a codominant forb and a codominant grass, with different effects on nutrient cycling and plant community structure, would buffer or amplify the effects of simulated N deposition on soil bacterial and fungal communities. While the plant community was strongly shaped by both the presence of dominant species and N addition, we did not find a mediating effect of the plant community on soil microbial response to N. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found a decoupling of the plant and microbial communities such that the soil microbial community shifted under N independently of directional shifts in the plant community. These findings suggest there are not strong cascading effects of N deposition across the plant–soil interface in our system.

Behavioral Interactions between a Native and an Invasive Fish Species in a Thermally Heterogeneous Experimental Chamber - Lindsy R. Ciepiela; Ryan M. Fitzpatrick; Samuel T. Lewis; Yoichiro Kanno (Fishes, 2021)
Mechanisms of the displacement of native fish by nonnative fish can include agonistic behaviors that push native fish species out of their preferred habitat, including their thermal optima. To examine these interactions, we built an experimental thermal preference chamber to evaluate: (1) the thermal preference of native, glacial relict northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos; (2) if the thermal preference and movement changed in the presence of the invasive western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis; and (3) the direction of agonistic interactions. We hypothesized that G. affinis would express agonistic behavior toward C. eos, because G. affinis is widely recognized as an aggressive invader. Given the temperature range of the experimental chamber, i.e., 20–30 °C, C. eos selected an average of 24.3 °C as its thermal preference. After G. affinis’ introduction, the thermal preference of C. eos increased by 1.7 °C and the movement, given by distance (cm) travelled, increased by 21%. Contrary to our prediction, more agonistic interactions were observed in C. eos toward G. affinis. These results indicate that agonistic behavior of G. affinis toward native fish species may be species- and condition-specific, and may not always be the primary mechanism of native species’ displacement. Biological invasions are a global issue and altered thermal regimes are expected to continue. This study provided the novel approach using of a thermally heterogeneous thermal chamber to examine thermal preferences and aggressive interactions between a native and an invasive species. Future research should examine other life history traits that may be conveying the competitive advantage to G. affinis.

Acetylation of carvacrol raises its efficacy against engorged cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) - Raquel Romano Palmeira Gonçalves; Ana Paula Peconick; Isaac Filipe Moreira Konig; Allan Silva Lunguinho; Jenifer Caroline da Silva Ribeiro; Samuel Lucas Gomes; Larissa Silva; Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi; Rafael Neodini Remedio (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Photodynamic control of citrus crop diseases - Joana R. M. Ferreira; Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia; Samuel Guieu; Artur M. S. Silva; Raquel Nunes da Silva; Ângela Cunha (World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021)

Fine-scale genetic diversity of the Brazilian Pantaneiro horse breed adapted to flooded regions - Marcelo Bchara Nogueira; Concepta McManus; Danielle Assis de Faria; Sandra Aparecida Oliveria Santos; Patrícia Ianella; Samuel Rezende Paiva (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021)

Soil biota community composition as affected by Cryptostegia madagascariensis invasion in a tropical Cambisol from North-eastern Brazil - Edjane Oliveira de Lucena; Tancredo Souza; Samuel Inocêncio Alves da Silva; Sarah Kormann; Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da Silva; Lídia Klestadt Laurindo; Karla Selene Forstall-Sosa; Leonaldo Alves de Andrade (Tropical Ecology, 2021)

Twentieth century temperature and snow cover changes in the French Alps - Julien Beaumet; Martin Ménégoz; Samuel Morin; Hubert Gallée; Xavier Fettweis; Delphine Six; Christian Vincent; Bruno Wilhelm; Sandrine Anquetin (Regional Environmental Change, 2021)
Changes in snow cover associated with the warming of the French Alps greatly influence social-ecological systems through their impact on water resources, mountain ecosystems, economic activities, and glacier mass balance. In this study, we investigated trends in snow cover and temperature over the twentieth century using climate model and reanalysis data. The evolution of temperature, precipitation and snow cover in the European Alps has been simulated with the Modèle Atmospherique Régional (MAR) applied with a 7-km horizontal resolution and driven by ERA-20C (1902-2010) and ERA5 (1981–2018) reanalyses data. Snow cover duration and snow water equivalent (SWE) simulated with MAR are compared to the SAFRAN - SURFEX-ISBA-Crocus - MEPRA meteorological and snow cover reanalysis (S2M) data across the French Alps (1958–2018) and in situ glacier mass balance measurements. MAR outputs provide a realistic distribution of SWE and snow cover duration as a function of elevation in the French Alps. Large disagreements are found between the datasets in terms of absolute warming trends over the second part of the twentieth century. MAR and S2M trends are in relatively good agreement for the decrease in snow cover duration, with higher decreases at low elevation ( $\sim $ ∼ 5–10%/decade). Consistent with other studies, the highest warming rates in MAR occur at low elevations (< 1000 m a.s.l) in winter, whereas they are found at high elevations (> 2000 m a.s.l) in summer. In spring, warming trends show a maximum at intermediate elevations (1500 to 1800 m). Our results suggest that higher warming at these elevations is mostly linked to the snow-albedo feedback in spring and summer caused by the disappearance of snow cover at higher elevation during these seasons. This work has evidenced that depending on the season and the period considered, enhanced warming at higher elevations may or may not be found. Additional analysis in a physically comprehensive way and more high-quality dataset, especially at high elevations, are still required to better constrain and quantify climate change impacts in the Alps and its relation to elevation.

Pain-induced impulsivity is sexually dimorphic and mu-opioid receptor sensitive in rats - Nidia Espinoza Serrano; Samuel G. Saputra; Javier Íbias; Matthew Company; Arbi Nazarian (Psychopharmacology, 2021)

Evidence That Methylphenidate Treatment Evokes Anxiety-Like Behavior Through Glucose Hypometabolism and Disruption of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Metabolic Networks - Felipe Schmitz; Josiane S. Silveira; Gianina T. Venturin; Samuel Greggio; Guilherme Schu; Eduardo R. Zimmer; Jaderson Costa Da Costa; Angela T. S. Wyse (Neurotoxicity Research, 2021)

Machine Learning Can Assign Geologic Basin to Produced Water Samples Using Major Ion Geochemistry - Jenna L. Shelton; Aaron M. Jubb; Samuel W. Saxe; Emil D. Attanasi; Alexei V. Milkov; Mark Engle; Philip A. Freeman; Christopher A. Shaffer; Madalyn S. Blondes (Natural Resources Research, 2021)
Understanding the geochemistry of waters produced during petroleum extraction is essential to informing the best treatment and reuse options, which can potentially be optimized for a given geologic basin. Here, we used the US Geological Survey’s National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD) to determine if major ion chemistry could be used to classify accurately a produced water sample to a given geologic basin based on similarities to a given training dataset. Two datasets were derived from the PWGD: one with seven features but more samples (PWGD7), and another with nine features but fewer samples (PWGD9). The seven-feature dataset, prior to randomly generating a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, had 58,541 samples, 20 basins, and was classified based on total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO 3 ), Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, and sulfate (SO 4 ). The nine-feature dataset, prior to randomly splitting into a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, contained 33,271 samples, 19 basins, and was classified based on TDS, HCO 3 , Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, SO 4 , pH, and specific gravity. Three supervised machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Naïve Bayes—were used to develop multi-class classification models to predict a basin of origin for produced waters using major ion chemistry. After training, the models were tested on three different datasets: Validation7, Validation9, and one based on data absent from the PWGD. Prediction accuracies across the models ranged from 23.5 to 73.5% when tested on the two PWGD-based datasets. A model using the Random Forest algorithm predicted most accurately compared to all other models tested. The models generally predicted basin of origin more accurately on the PWGD7-based dataset than on the PWGD9-based dataset. An additional dataset, which contained data not in the PWGD, was used to test the most accurate model; results suggest that some basins may lack geochemical diversity or may not be well described, while others may be geochemically diverse or are well described. A compelling result of this work is that a produced water basin of origin can be determined using major ions alone and, therefore, deep basinal fluid compositions may not be as variable within a given basin as previously thought. Applications include predicting the geochemistry of produced fluid prior to drilling at different intervals and assigning historical produced water data to a producing basin.

Moringa oleifera-supplemented diet protect against cortico-hippocampal neuronal degeneration in scopolamine-induced spatial memory deficit in mice: role of oxido-inflammatory and cholinergic neurotransmission pathway - Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo; Vanessa O. Adamaigbo; Olusegun G. Adebayo; Spiff E. Eleazer (Metabolic Brain Disease, 2021)

Effect of acid treated HY zeolites in adsorption of mesosulfuron-methyl - Taous Kasmi-Belouzir; Ahcène Soualah; Kahina Kouachi; Samuel Mignard; Isabelle Batonneau-Gener (Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2021)

Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge Among Internal Medicine Residents in a University Program - Samuel Urrutia Argueta; Nasser Hanna (Journal of Cancer Education, 2021)

Bioefficacy of seed oils from combretum and lannea species against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) - Samuel Fogné Drabo; Judicaël Thomas Ouilly; Rahim Romba; Imael H. N. Bassole; Olivier Gnankine (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Field efficacy of genotypically diverse soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivar mixtures in controlling insect pests - Jerry A. Nboyine; Nicholas N. Denwar; Francis Kusi; Samuel S. Buah; Mukhtaru Zakaria; Asieku Yahaya; Francisca Addae-Frimpomaah; Gloria Adazebra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Aedes mosquito responses to control interventions against the Chikungunya outbreak of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia - Abate Waldetensai; Fekadu Gemechu; Esayas Kinfe; Hiwot Amare; Samuel Hagos; Daniel Teshome; Alemnesh Hailemariam; Wondatir Nigatu; Alemayehu Tadesse; Dejene Keneni; Zawdie Dinku; Meaza Telaye; et al. (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Beneficial effects of secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells with stigmasterol to negate IL-1β-induced inflammation in-vitro using rat chondrocytes—OA management - Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath; Subha Narayan Rath; Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi; Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan (Inflammopharmacology, 2021)

Ecological interactions between invasive and native fouling species in the reservoir of a hydroelectric plant - Ana Paula da Silva Bertão; Raissa Vitória Vieira Leite; Aline Horodesky; Marcio Roberto Pie; Thiago Luis Zanin; Otto Samuel Mader Netto; Antonio Ostrensky (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

WDR37 syndrome: identification of a distinct new cluster of disease-associated variants and functional analyses of mutant proteins - Elena A. Sorokina; Linda M. Reis; Samuel Thompson; Katherine Agre; Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic; Marissa S. Ellingson; Linda Hasadsri; Yolande van Bever; Elena V. Semina (Human Genetics, 2021)

Hypertension and Covid-19 vaccines: are there any differences between the different vaccines? A safety signal - Beatrice Bouhanick; François Montastruc; Samuel Tessier; Clara Brusq; Vanina Bongard; Jean-Michel Senard; Jean-Louis Montastruc; Fabrice Herin (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021)

Mitigating human-induced emissions in Argentina: role of renewables, income, globalization, and financial development - Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo; Gbenga Daniel Akinsola; Festus Victor Bekun; Oseyenbhin Sunday Osemeahon; Samuel Asumadu SARKODIE (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Does digitalization matter in green preferences in nexus of output volatility and environmental quality? - Carlos Samuel Ramos-Meza; Rinat Zhanbayev; Hazrat Bilal; Mubbashra Sultan; Zehra Betül Pekergin; Hafiz Muhammad Arslan (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

An assessment of flood event along Lower Niger using Sentinel-1 imagery - Oluwatola Adedeji; Adeyemi Olusola; Rakiya Babamaaji; Samuel Adelabu (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person - Lenka Koklesova; Alena Mazurakova; Marek Samec; Kamil Biringer; Samson Mathews Samuel; Dietrich Büsselberg; Peter Kubatka; Olga Golubnitschaja (EPMA Journal, 2021)
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Consequently, impaired Hcy metabolism leading to elevated concentrations of Hcy in the blood plasma (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to the overproduction of free radicals, induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, systemic inflammation and increased risks of eye disorders, coronary artery diseases, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, thrombotic events, cancer development and progression, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications, delayed healing processes, and poor COVID-19 outcomes, among others. This review focuses on the homocysteine metabolism impairments relevant for various pathological conditions. Innovative strategies in the framework of 3P medicine consider Hcy metabolic pathways as the specific target for in vitro diagnostics, predictive medical approaches, cost-effective preventive measures, and optimized treatments tailored to the individualized patient profiles in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.

Phase transited asymmetric membrane floating nanoparticles: a means for better management of poorly water-soluble drugs - Betty Annie Samuel; Bassim I. Mohammed; Anil K. Philip (DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021)

A first genetic assessment of the newly introduced Isle Royale gray wolves (Canis lupus) - Samuel D. Hervey; Linda Y. Rutledge; Brent R. Patterson; Mark C. Romanski; John A. Vucetich; Jerrold L. Belant; Dean E. Beyer; Seth A. Moore; Kristin E. Brzeski (Conservation Genetics, 2021)

3D-Encoded DENSE MRI with Zonal Excitation for Quantifying Biventricular Myocardial Strain During a Breath-Hold - Eric D. Carruth; Samuel W. Fielden; Christopher D. Nevius; Brandon K. Fornwalt; Christopher M. Haggerty (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2021)

Assessing functional reorganization in visual cortex with simulated retinal lesions - Holly D. H. Brown; André D. Gouws; Richard J. W. Vernon; Samuel J. D. Lawrence; Gemma Donnelly; Lorraine Gill; Richard P. Gale; Heidi A. Baseler; Antony B. Morland (Brain Structure and Function, 2021)
Macular degeneration (MD) causes central vision loss, removing input to corresponding representations in the primary visual cortex. There is disagreement concerning whether the cortical regions deprived of input can remain responsive, and the source of reported cortical responses is still debated. To simulate MD in controls, normally sighted participants viewed a bright central disk to adapt the retina, creating a transient ‘retinal lesion’ during a functional MRI experiment. Participants viewed blocks of faces, scrambled faces and uniform grey stimuli, either passively or whilst performing a one-back task. To assess the impact of the simulated lesion, participants repeated the paradigm using a more conventional mean luminance simulated scotoma without adaptation. Our results suggest our attempt to create a more realistic simulation of a lesion did not impact on responses in the representation of the simulated lesion. While most participants showed no evidence of stimulus-driven activation within the lesion representation, a few individuals (22%) exhibited responses similar to a participant with juvenile MD who completed the same paradigm (without adaptation). Reliability analysis showed that responses in the representation of the lesion were generally consistent irrespective of whether positive or negative. We provide some evidence that peripheral visual stimulation can also produce responses in central representations in controls while performing a task. This suggests that the ‘signature of reorganization of visual processing’, is not found solely in patients with retinal lesions, consistent with the idea that activity may be driven by unmasked top–down feedback.

Human primary visual cortex shows larger population receptive fields for binocular disparity-defined stimuli - Ivan Alvarez; Samuel A. Hurley; Andrew J. Parker; Holly Bridge (Brain Structure and Function, 2021)
The visual perception of 3D depth is underpinned by the brain’s ability to combine signals from the left and right eyes to produce a neural representation of binocular disparity for perception and behaviour. Electrophysiological studies of binocular disparity over the past 2 decades have investigated the computational role of neurons in area V1 for binocular combination, while more recent neuroimaging investigations have focused on identifying specific roles for different extrastriate visual areas in depth perception. Here we investigate the population receptive field properties of neural responses to binocular information in striate and extrastriate cortical visual areas using ultra-high field fMRI. We measured BOLD fMRI responses while participants viewed retinotopic mapping stimuli defined by different visual properties: contrast, luminance, motion, correlated and anti-correlated stereoscopic disparity. By fitting each condition with a population receptive field model, we compared quantitatively the size of the population receptive field for disparity-specific stimulation. We found larger population receptive fields for disparity compared with contrast and luminance in area V1, the first stage of binocular combination, which likely reflects the binocular integration zone, an interpretation supported by modelling of the binocular energy model. A similar pattern was found in region LOC, where it may reflect the role of disparity as a cue for 3D shape. These findings provide insight into the binocular receptive field properties underlying processing for human stereoscopic vision.

Method for UAV-based 3D topography reconstruction of tidal creeks - Xuhui Zhang; Huan Li; Zheng Gong; Zeng Zhou; Weiqi Dai; Lizhu Wang; Samuel Daramola (Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021)

Compendious evaluation of groundwater in parts of Asaba, Nigeria for agricultural sustainability - Obinna C. Akakuru; Bernard E. Akudinobi; Hycienth O. Nwankwoala; Ozioma U. Akakuru; Samuel O. Onyekuru (Geosciences Journal, 2021)

The effects of varying levels of heavy metals uptake by Typha capensis and Heliconia psittacorum from water and soil - Samuel Wiafe; Richard Buamah; Michael Owusu (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021)

Navigation of Microrobots by MRI: Impact of Gravitational, Friction and Thrust Forces on Steering Success - Cyril Tous; Ning Li; Ivan P. Dimov; Samuel Kadoury; An Tang; Urs O. Häfeli; Zeynab Nosrati; Katayoun Saatchi; Gerald Moran; Marcus J. Couch; Sylvain Martel; Simon Lessard; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

The kinship matrix: inferring the kinship structure of a population from its demography - Christophe F. D. Coste; François Bienvenu; Victor Ronget; Juan‐Pablo Ramirez‐Loza; Sarah Cubaynes; Samuel Pavard (Ecology Letters, 2021)
The familial structure of a population and the relatedness of its individuals are determined by its demography. There is, however, no general method to infer kinship directly from the life cycle of a structured population. Yet, this question is central to fields such as ecology, evolution and conservation, especially in contexts where there is a strong interdependence between familial structure and population dynamics. Here, we give a general formula to compute, from any matrix population model, the expected number of arbitrary kin (sisters, nieces, cousins, etc) of a focal individual ego , structured by the class of ego and of its kin. Central to our approach are classic but little‐used tools known as genealogical matrices. Our method can be used to obtain both individual‐based and population‐wide metrics of kinship, as we illustrate. It also makes it possible to analyse the sensitivity of the kinship structure to the traits implemented in the model.

Assessing species reintroduction sites based on future climate suitability for food resources - Samuel C. Gomides; Talita M. Machado; Jôine C. Evangelista‐Vale; Angele Tatiane Martins‐Oliveira; João Carlos Pires‐Oliveira; Angélica Muller; Lucas Barros da Rosa; Domingos Lucas Santos‐Silva; Pedro V. Eisenlohr (Conservation Biology, 2021)
The reintroduction of a species that is extinct in the wild demands caution because reintroduction locations may be associated with threats, such as hunting, poor‐quality habitat, and climate change. This is the case for Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's Macaw), which has been extinct in the wild since 2000. The few living individuals were created in captivity and will be used in a reintroduction project within the species’ original distribution area, the Caatinga domain (Brazil). Because the occurrence records for this bird are old and inaccurate, we investigated the current and future environmental suitability of the 14 plant species used by C. spixii as resource. These plants are key elements for the long‐term reestablishment of the species in the wild, so the use of models helps in the assessment of the effects of climate change on the availability of these resources for the species and informs selection of the best places for reintroduction. We based our models of environmental suitability on 19 bioclimatic variables and nine physical soil and topography variables. Climate projections were created for the present and for the year 2070 with an optimistic (SSP2‐4.5) and a pessimistic (SSP5‐8.5) climate scenario. Both future climate scenarios lead to a reduction in area of environmental suitability that overlapped for all the plant species: 33% reduction for SSP2‐4.5 and 63% reduction for SSP5‐8.5. If our projections materialize, climate change could thus affect the distribution of key resources, and the maintenance of C. spixii would depend on restoration of degraded areas, especially riparian forests, and the preservation of already existing natural areas. The Caatinga domain is very threatened by habitat loss and, for the success of this reintroduction project, the parties involved must act to protect the species and the resources it uses.

The chemistry and biological activities of Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka (Rutaceae), a vegetatively propagated species - Samuel Magloire Bissim; Sidonie Beatrice Kenmogne; Jules Songue Lobe; Albert Fouda Atangana; Achile Nouga Bissoue; Moses K. Langat; Sani M. Isyaka; Mehreen Lateef; Ngeufa Happi Emmanuel; Jean Duplex Wansi; Muhammad Shaiq Ali; Alain François Kamdem Waffo (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Growth and Labelling of Cell Wall Components of the Brown Alga Ectocarpus in Microfluidic Chips - Bénédicte Charrier; Samuel Boscq; Bradley J. Nelson; Nino F. Läubli (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips have proven to be suitable environments for the growth of several filamentous organisms. However, depending on the specimen, the number of investigations concerning their growth and cell differentiation is limited. In this work, we monitored the developmental pattern of the brown alga Ectocarpus inside PDMS lab-on-chips. Two main methods of inoculation of the lab-on-chip were tested, i.e., via the direct injection of spores into the chamber as well as through the insertion of sporophyte filaments. The resulting growth rate, growth trajectory, cell differentiation, and cell branching were monitored and quantified for 20 days inside 25 or 40 μm parallel channels under standard light and temperature conditions. With growth rates of 2.8 μm⋅h –1 , normal growth trajectories and cell differentiation, as well as branching occurring inside the microfluidic environment, the main development steps were shown to be similar to those observed in non-constrained in vitro conditions. Additionally, the labelling of Ectocarpus cell wall polysaccharides using calcofluor for cellulose detection and immunolocalisation with monoclonal antibodies for alginates showed the expected patterns when compared to open space growth evaluated with either epifluorescence or confocal microscopy. Overall, this article describes the experimental conditions for observing and studying the basic unaltered processes of brown algal growth using microfluidic technology which provides the basis for future biochemical and biological researches.

Enhanced Phytoremediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Commercial Utilization of Harvested Plant Biomass: a Review - Samuel De-Graft Quarshie; Xinfeng Xiao; Linlin Zhang (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2021)

Effects of topiramate on the association between affect, cannabis craving, and cannabis use in the daily life of youth during a randomized clinical trial - Noah N. Emery; Ryan W. Carpenter; Samuel N. Meisel; Robert Miranda (Psychopharmacology, 2021)

Anatomical, physiological, and biochemical modulations of silicon in Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae) cultivated in vitro in response to cadmium - Rosiane Cipriano; João Paulo Rodrigues Martins; Lorenzo Toscano Conde; Samuel Werner Moreira; Evens Clairvil; Priscila da Conceição de Souza Braga; Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo; Antelmo Ralph Falqueto (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2021)

Modeling the rainfall-runoff using MIKE 11 NAM model in Shaya catchment, Ethiopia - Mesfin Reta Aredo; Samuel Dagalo Hatiye; Santosh Murlidhar Pingale (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2021)

Drastic model application to groundwater vulnerability elucidation for decision making: the case of south western coastal basin, Ghana - Robert Kofi Yankey; Geophrey Kwame Anornu; Shiloh Kwabena Osae; Samuel Yao Ganyaglo (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2021)

Aggregation-Induced Emission and Temperature-Dependent Luminescence of Potassium Perylenetetracarboxylate - Samuel Brum Martins; Everton Pereira de Andrade; Subodh K. Gautam; Olivier Plantevin; Luiz Alberto Cury; Angelo Malachias; Gustavo de Almeida Magalhães Safar (Journal of Fluorescence, 2021)

A novel methodology to describe neuronal networks activity reveals spatiotemporal recruitment dynamics of synchronous bursting states - Mallory Dazza; Stephane Métens; Pascal Monceau; Samuel Bottani (Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 2021)

Pressure–volume curve traits of chia (Salvia hispanica L.): an assessment of water-stress tolerance under field conditions - Herman Silva; Cristian Valenzuela; Marco Garrido; Edmundo Acevedo; Samuel Campos; Paola Silva; Luis Morales-Salinas (Irrigation Science, 2021)

The influence of short-term high-altitude acclimatization on cerebral and leg tissue oxygenation post-orthostasis - Masahiro Horiuchi; Kazunobu Okazaki; Katsumi Asano; Alexander T. Friend; Gabriella M. K. Rossetti; Samuel J. Oliver (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)

Spatial and temporal behavior of coffee rust in C. canephora and its effects on crop yield - Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas; Samuel de Assis Silva; Samira Luns Hatum de Almeida; Caique Carvalho Medauar; Willian Bucker Moraes; Julião Soares de Souza Lima (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021)

Stock markets dynamics and environmental pollution: emerging issues and policy options in Asia - Carlos Samuel Ramos Meza; Maryam Kashif; Vipin Jain; John William Grimaldo Guerrero; Randhir Roopchund; Gniewko Niedbala; Cong Phan The (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Conflicts and ecological footprint in MENA countries: implications for sustainable terrestrial ecosystem - Ojonugwa Usman; Abdulkadir Abdulrashid Rafindadi; Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Experimental and comparative study of Chinese commercial improved coal-fired cooking and space-heating stoves - Riaz Ahmad; Adnan Abbas; Wang Jufei; Li Hua; Muhammad Sultan; Bohong Li; Samuel M Nyambura; Pan Xingjia (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Heavy metals concentrations and naturally occurring radionuclides in soils affected by and around a solid waste dumpsite in Osogbo metropolis, Nigeria - Olubusayo F. Oladejo; Lasun T. Ogundele; Samuel O. Inuyomi; Stephen F. Olukotun; Mutiu A. Fakunle; Olusegun O. Alabi (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Correction to: Opportunistic spongivore fishes in a reef of Gulf of Mannar, India - Jonathan Samuel Emmett; K. Diraviya Raj; G. Mathews; R. L. Laju (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2021)

Strong link between coronavirus count and bad air: a case study of India - Sneha Gautam; Cyril Samuel; Alok Sagar Gautam; Sanjeev Kumar (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2021)

Sink or float: microtextural controls on the fate of pumice deposition during the 2012 submarine Havre eruption - Samuel J. Mitchell; Kristen E. Fauria; Bruce F. Houghton; Rebecca J. Carey (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2021)
Silicic submarine volcanic eruptions can produce large volumes of pumices that may rise buoyantly to the ocean surface and/or sink to the seafloor. For eruptions that release significant volumes of pumice into rafts, the proximal to medial submarine geologic record is thus depleted in large volumes of pumice that would have sedimented closer to source in any subaerial eruption. The 2012 eruption of Havre volcano, a submarine volcano in the Kermadec Arc, presents a unique opportunity to study the partitioning of well-constrained rafted and seafloor pumice. Macro- and microtextural analysis was performed on clasts from the Havre pumice raft and from coeval pumiceous seafloor units around the Havre caldera. The raft and seafloor clasts have indistinguishable macrotextures, componentry, and vesicularity ranges. Microtextural differences are apparent as raft pumices have higher vesicle number densities (10 9 cm −3 vs. 10 8 cm −3 ) and significantly lower pore space connectivity (0.3–0.95 vs. 0.9–1.0) than seafloor pumices. Porosity analysis shows that high vesicularity raft pumices required trapping of gas in the connected porosity to remain afloat, whereas lower vesicularity raft pumices could float just from gas within isolated porosity. Measurements of minimum vesicle throat openings further show that raft pumices have a larger proportion of small vesicle throats than seafloor pumices. Narrow throats increase gas trapping as a result of higher capillary pressures acting over gas–water interfaces between vesicles and lower capillary number inhibiting gas bubble escape. Differences in isolated porosity and pore throat distribution ultimately control whether pumices sink or float and thus whether pumice deposits are preserved or not on the seafloor.

The second wave of earthworm invasions in North America: biology, environmental impacts, management and control of invasive jumping worms - Chih-Han Chang; Marie L. C. Bartz; George Brown; Mac A. Callaham; Erin K. Cameron; Andrea Dávalos; Annise Dobson; Josef H. Görres; Bradley M. Herrick; Hiroshi Ikeda; Samuel W. James; Marie R. Johnston; et al. (Biological Invasions, 2021)

High phosphorus availability promotes the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores’ community in different tropical crop systems - Samuel Inocêncio Alves da Silva; Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza; Edjane Oliveira de Lucena; Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da Silva; Lídia Klestadt Laurindo; Gislaine dos Santos Nascimento; Djail Santos (Biologia, 2021)

The codification of hazard and its impact on the hazard versus risk controversy - John E. Doe; Alan R. Boobis; Samuel M. Cohen; Vicki L. Dellarco; Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp; Angelo Moretto; Timothy P. Pastoor; Rita S. Schoeny; Jennifer G. Seed; Douglas C. Wolf (Archives of Toxicology, 2021)
The long running controversy about the relative merits of hazard-based versus risk-based approaches has been investigated. There are three levels of hazard codification: level 1 divides chemicals into dichotomous bands of hazardous and non-hazardous; level 2 divides chemicals into bands of hazard based on severity and/or potency; and level 3 places each chemical on a continuum of hazard based on severity and/or potency. Any system which imposes compartments onto a continuum will give rise to issues at the boundaries, especially with only two compartments. Level 1 schemes are only justifiable if there is no variation in severity, or potency or if there is no threshold. This is the assumption implicit in GHS/EU classification for carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and mutagenicity. However, this assumption has been challenged. Codification level 2 hazard assessments offer a range of choices and reduce the built-in conflict inherent in the level 1 process. Level 3 assessments allow a full range of choices between the extremes and reduce the built-in conflict even more. The underlying reason for the controversy between hazard and risk is the use of level 1 hazard codification schemes in situations where there are ranges of severity and potency which require the use of level 2 or level 3 hazard codification. There is not a major difference between level 2 and level 3 codification, and they can both be used to select appropriate risk management options. Existing level 1 codification schemes should be reviewed and developed into level 2 schemes where appropriate.

Overcoming the acquired resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer brain metastasis in vitro and in vivo - Zhongwei Liu; Neal Shah; Kent L. Marshall; Samuel A. Sprowls; Pushkar Saralkar; Afroz Mohammad; Kathryn E. Blethen; Tasneem A. Arsiwala; Ross Fladeland; Paul R. Lockman; Weimin Gao (Archives of Toxicology, 2021)

Von Willebrand factor multimers during non-invasive ultrasound therapy for aortic valve stenosis - David M. Smadja; Guillaume Goudot; Nicolas Gendron; Samuel Zarka; Etienne Puymirat; Aurélien Philippe; Christian Spaulding; Christophe Peronino; Mickael Tanter; Mathieu Pernot; Emmanuel Messas (Angiogenesis, 2021)

Regional versus latitudinal variation in the life‐history traits and demographic rates of a reef fish, Centropyge bispinosa , in the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks, Australia - Jake R. Lowe; Samuel D. Payet; Hugo B. Harrison; Jean‐Paul A. Hobbs; Andrew S. Hoey; Brett M. Taylor; Tane H. Sinclair‐Taylor; Morgan S. Pratchett (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
Environmental temperature is an important determinant of physiological processes and life histories in ectotherms. Over latitudinal scales, variation in temperature has been linked to changes in life‐history traits and demographic rates, with growth and mortality rates generally being greatest at low latitudes, and longevity and maximum length being greater at higher latitudes. Using the two‐spined angelfish, Centropyge bispinosa , as our focal species, we compared growth patterns, growth rates, longevity, mortality, asymptotic length and maximum length across 22 reefs that span 13° of latitude within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) and the Coral Sea Marine Park (CSMP), Australia. We found no predictable latitudinal variation in mortality rates, growth patterns, growth rates, asymptotic or maximum length of C. bispinosa at regional to biogeographic scales. However, C. bispinosa consistently exhibited reduced longevity at lower, warmer latitudes within the CSMP. The greatest differences in mean maximum length of C. bispinosa were between continental (GBRMP) and oceanic (central CSMP) reefs of similar latitude, with individuals being larger on average on continental versus oceanic reefs. The lack of predictable life‐history and demographic variation in C. bispinosa across a 13° latitudinal gradient within the CSMP, coupled with differences in mean maximum length between continental and oceanic reefs at similar latitudes, suggest that local environmental conditions have a greater influence than environmental temperature on the demographic rates and life‐history traits of C. bispinosa .

Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams - Samuel J. Macaulay; Kimberly J. Hageman; Jeremy J. Piggott; Noël P. D. Juvigny‐Khenafou; Christoph D. Matthaei (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Sustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7‐week streamside experiment using 128 flow‐through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast‐ and slow‐flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast‐flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution‐sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10‐day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete‐, crustacean‐ and gastropod‐dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.

Peatland microhabitat heterogeneity drives phototrophic microbe distribution and photosynthetic activity - Samuel Hamard; Martin Küttim; Regis Céréghino; Vincent E. J. Jassey (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary Phototrophic microbes are widespread in soils, but their contribution to soil carbon (C) uptake remains underexplored in most terrestrial systems, including C‐accreting systems such as peatlands. Here, by means of metabarcoding and ecophysiological measurements, we examined how microbial photosynthesis and its biotic (e.g., phototrophic community structure, biomass) and abiotic drivers (e.g., Sphagnum moisture, light intensity) vary across peatland microhabitats. Using a natural gradient of microhabitat conditions from pool to forest, we show that the structure of phototrophic microbial communities shifted from a dominance of eukaryotes in pools to prokaryotes in forests. We identified five groups of co‐occurring phototrophic operational taxonomic units with specific environmental preferences across the gradient. Along with such structural changes, we found that microbial C uptake was the highest in the driest and shadiest microhabitats. This study renews and improves current views on phototrophic microbes in peatlands, as the contribution of microbial photosynthesis to peatland C uptake has essentially been studied in wet microhabitats.

The spatial synchrony of species richness and its relationship to ecosystem stability - Jonathan A. Walter; Lauren G. Shoemaker; Nina K. Lany; Max C. N. Castorani; Samuel B. Fey; Joan C. Dudney; Laureano Gherardi; Cristina Portales‐Reyes; Andrew L. Rypel; Kathryn L. Cottingham; Katharine N. Suding; Daniel C. Reuman; et al. (Ecology, 2021)
Synchrony is broadly important to population and community dynamics due to its ubiquity and implications for extinction dynamics, system stability, and species diversity. Investigations of synchrony in community ecology have tended to focus on covariance in the abundances of multiple species in a single location. Yet, the importance of regional environmental variation and spatial processes in community dynamics suggests that community properties, such as species richness, could fluctuate synchronously across patches in a metacommunity, in an analog of population spatial synchrony. Here, we test the prevalence of this phenomenon and the conditions under which it may occur using theoretical simulations and empirical data from 20 marine and terrestrial metacommunities. Additionally, given the importance of biodiversity for stability of ecosystem function, we posit that spatial synchrony in species richness is strongly related to stability. Our findings show that metacommunities often exhibit spatial synchrony in species richness. We also found that richness synchrony can be driven by environmental stochasticity and dispersal, two mechanisms of population spatial synchrony. Richness synchrony also depended on community structure, including species evenness and beta diversity. Strikingly, ecosystem stability was more strongly related to richness synchrony than to species richness itself, likely because richness synchrony integrates information about community processes and environmental forcing. Our study highlights a new approach for studying spatiotemporal community dynamics and emphasizes the spatial dimensions of community dynamics and stability.

Photosensitivity of the Bacterial Pigment Cycloprodigiosin Enables Settlement in Coral Larvae—Light as an Understudied Environmental Factor - Lars-Erik Petersen; Matthias Y. Kellermann; Samuel Nietzer; Peter J. Schupp (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
The survival of coral reefs largely depends among other factors on the recruitment of a new generation of coral individuals that are more adapted to a rapidly changing climate and other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., pollution, sedimentation). Therefore, a better understanding of the coral settlement process, the molecules involved as well as crucial environmental drivers that control settlement success are needed. In this study, we identified a novel settlement inducer for the brooding scleractinian coral Leptastrea purpurea and highlight the importance of light for the settlement process. Crude extract of the red-pigmented bacterium Pseudoalteromonas rubra reliably triggered attachment and metamorphosis in L. purpurea larvae in less than 24 h. Prodigiosin (II) and the two derivatives, cycloprodigiosin (I) and 2-methyl-3-hexyl prodiginine (III) were isolated and structurally elucidated from the crude extract of P. rubra. We demonstrated that the photosensitive pigment cycloprodigiosin (I) was the responsible compound for attachment and metamorphosis in L. purpurea larvae. Under the tested light regimes (i.e., darkness, constant light and a dark-light alternation), cycloprodigiosin (I) triggered approximately 90% settlement at a concentration of 0.2 μg mL –1 under a 12 h alternating dark-light cycle, mimicking the light-flooded coral reef environment. Our findings enable for the first time a mechanistic understanding of the light-dependent larva to polyp transformation by discovering the novel bacterial settlement cue cycloprodigiosin and its photosensitivity as a determining factor for coral settlement.

What Have We Lost? Modeling Dam Impacts on American Shad Populations Through Their Native Range - Joseph Zydlewski; Daniel S. Stich; Samuel Roy; Michael Bailey; Timothy Sheehan; Kenneth Sprankle (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
American shad ( Alosa sapidissima ) are native to the east coast of North America from the St. Johns River, Florida, to the St. Lawrence River region in Canada. Since the 1800s, dams have reduced access to spawning habitat. To assess the impact of dams, we estimated the historically accessed spawning habitat in coastal rivers (485,618 river segments with 21,113 current dams) based on (i) width, (ii) distance from seawater, and (iii) slope (to exclude natural barriers to migration) combined with local knowledge. Estimated habitat available prior to dam construction (2,752 km 2 ) was 41% greater than current fully accessible habitat (1,639 km 2 ). River-specific population models were developed using habitat estimates and latitudinally appropriate life history parameters (e.g., size at age, maturity, iteroparity). Estimated coast-wide annual production potential was 69.1 million spawners compared with a dammed scenario (41.8 million spawners). Even with optimistic fish passage performance assumed for all dams (even if passage is completely absent), the dam-imposed deficit was alleviated by fewer than 3 million spawners. We estimate that in rivers modeled without dams, 98,000 metric tons of marine sourced biomass and nutrients were annually delivered, 60% of which was retained through carcasses, gametes and metabolic waste. Damming is estimated to have reduced this by more than one third. Based on our results, dams represent a significant and acute constraint to the population and, with other human impacts, reduce the fishery potential and ecological services attributed to the species.

Western boundary circulation and coastal sea-level variability in Northern Hemisphere oceans - Samuel Tiéfolo Diabaté; Didier Swingedouw; Joël Jean-Marie Hirschi; Aurélie Duchez; Philip J. Leadbitter; Ivan D. Haigh; Gerard D. McCarthy (Ocean Science, 2021)
The northwest basins of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are regions of intense western boundary currents (WBCs): the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio. The variability of these poleward currents and their extensions in the open ocean is of major importance to the climate system. It is largely dominated by in-phase meridional shifts downstream of the points at which they separate from the coast. Tide gauges on the adjacent coastlines have measured the inshore sea level for many decades and provide a unique window on the past of the oceanic circulation. The relationship between coastal sea level and the variability of the western boundary currents has been previously studied in each basin separately, but comparison between the two basins is missing. Here we show for each basin that the inshore sea level upstream of the separation points is in sustained agreement with the meridional shifts of the western boundary current extension over the period studied, i.e. the past 7 (5) decades in the Atlantic (Pacific). Decomposition of the coastal sea level into principal components allows us to discriminate this variability in the upstream sea level from other sources of variability such as the influence of large meanders in the Pacific. Our result extends previous findings limited to the altimetry era and suggests that prediction of inshore sea-level changes could be improved by the inclusion of meridional shifts of the western boundary current extensions as predictors. Long-duration tide gauges, such as Key West, Fernandina Beach or Hosojima, could be used as proxies for the past meridional shifts of the western boundary current extensions.

Toward a Global Public Repository of Community Protocols to Encourage Best Practices in Biomolecular Ocean Observing and Research - Robyn M. Samuel; Raissa Meyer; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Neil Davies; Nicholas W. Jeffery; Christopher Meyer; Christina Pavloudi; Kathleen Johnson Pitz; Maxime Sweetlove; Susanna Theroux; Jodie van de Kamp; Alison Watts (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Biomolecular ocean observing and research is a rapidly evolving field that uses omics approaches to describe biodiversity at its foundational level, giving insight into the structure and function of marine ecosystems over time and space. It is an especially effective approach for investigating the marine microbiome. To mature marine microbiome research and operations within a global ocean biomolecular observing network (OBON) for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and beyond, research groups will need a system to effectively share, discover, and compare “omic” practices and protocols. While numerous informatic tools and standards exist, there is currently no global, publicly-supported platform specifically designed for sharing marine omics [or any omics] protocols across the entire value-chain from initiating a study to the publication and use of its results. Toward that goal, we propose the development of the Minimum Information for an Omic Protocol (MIOP), a community-developed guide of curated, standardized metadata tags and categories that will orient protocols in the value-chain for the facilitated, structured, and user-driven discovery of suitable protocol suites on the Ocean Best Practices System. Users can annotate their protocols with these tags, or use them as search criteria to find appropriate protocols. Implementing such a curated repository is an essential step toward establishing best practices. Sharing protocols and encouraging comparisons through this repository will be the first steps toward designing a decision tree to guide users to community endorsed best practices.

Status of health and conservation classification of tropical coral reefs in Lakshadweep archipelago - M. Gopi; J. Joyson Joe Jeevamani; S. Goutham; Nina Tabitha Simon; V. Deepak Samuel; K. R. Abhilash; R. S. Robin; G. Hariharan; R. Muruganandam; P. Krishnan; R. Purvaja; R. Ramesh (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2021)

Coral annual growth band impregnated microplastics (Porites sp.): a first investigation report - S. Krishnakumar; S. Anbalagan; S. M. Hussain; R. Bharani; Prince Samuel Godson; S. Srinivasalu (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2021)

Increasing signs of degradation of shallow water coral reefs due to repeated bleaching and spatial competition among benthic substrates - Bitopan Malakar; S. Venu; V. Deepak Samuel; K. R. Abhilash (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2021)

An avian urban morphotype: how the city environment shapes great tit morphology at different life stages - Aude E. Caizergues; Anne Charmantier; Marcel M. Lambrechts; Samuel Perret; Virginie Demeyrier; Annick Lucas; Arnaud Grégoire (Urban Ecosystems, 2021)

Impact of varied time of feeding on the lactation and growth performance of West African Dwarf goat - Moyosore J. Adegbeye; Adebowale N. Fajemisin; Samuel O. Aro; Oluwatosin B. Omotoso; Toye Christopher; Adebola M. Aderibigbe; Mona M. M. Y. Elghandour; Abdelfattah. Z. Salem (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021)

Transfer, Collection and Organisation of Electrophysiological and Imaging Data for Multicentre Studies - Nicolas Roehri; Samuel Medina Villalon; Aude Jegou; Bruno Colombet; Bernard Giusiano; Aurélie Ponz; Fabrice Bartolomei; Christian-George Bénar (Neuroinformatics, 2021)

Capability of LISEM to estimate flood hydrographs in a watershed with predominance of long-duration rainfall events - Marcelle Martins Vargas; Samuel Beskow; Carlos Rogério de Mello; Maíra Martim de Moura; Maria Cândida Moitinho Nunes; Lessandro Coll Faria; Leandro Sanzi Aquino (Natural Hazards, 2021)

Higher CSF Ferritin Heavy-Chain (Fth1) and Transferrin Predict Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV - Harpreet Kaur; William S. Bush; Scott L. Letendre; Ronald J. Ellis; Robert K. Heaton; Stephanie M. Patton; James R. Connor; David C. Samuels; Donald R. Franklin; Todd Hulgan; Asha R. Kallianpur (Molecular Neurobiology, 2021)

Global phylogeography of sailfish: deep evolutionary lineages with implications for fisheries management - Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette; Bruno Mourato; Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin; Freddy Arocha; Samuel Mackey Williams; Carlos Egberto Rodrigues Junior; Fábio Porto-Foresti; Alberto Ferreira de Amorim; Matheus Marcos Rotundo; Rui Coelho; John P. Hoolihan; Fambaye Ngom Sow; et al. (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Discovery of structural deletions in breast cancer predisposition genes using whole genome sequencing data from > 2000 women of African-ancestry - Zhishan Chen; Xingyi Guo; Jirong Long; Jie Ping; Bingshan Li; Mary Kay Fadden; Thomas U. Ahearn; Daniel O. Stram; Xiao-Ou Shu; Guochong Jia; Jonine Figueroa; Robertson Adjei; et al. (Human Genetics, 2021)

Performance of 30 commercial SARS-CoV-2 serology assays in testing symptomatic COVID-19 patients - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous; Sarah Maylin; Claire Périllaud-Dubois; Ségolène Brichler; Chakib Alloui; Emmanuel Gordien; Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti; Elyanne Gault; Frédérique Moreau; Slim Fourati; Dominique Challine; Jean-Michel Pawlotsky; et al. (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021)

Uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries: a comparative study and discussion of factors influencing implementation and uptake of biosimilars - Samuel Azuz; Max Newton; Dorthe Bartels; Birgitte Klindt Poulsen (European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021)
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries. Methods European data for usage of trastuzumab was supplied by IQVIA™, using the MIDAS® dataset. A comparison was performed based on market share estimated in sales volume. A separate comparison was undertaken between countries with a full two-fold switch between different biosimilars. Data was collected spanning the time from first registered sales of biosimilar trastuzumab until the 1st quarter of 2020. Results Denmark had the fastest and most thorough uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab compared with other EU countries. After 3 months, the market share of biosimilar trastuzumab had increased to 90% while the second fastest country had a 50% market share after 3 months. Only two other countries had undergone a full second switch between biosimilars, Hungary and Norway. All of the three countries made near complete switches between biosimilars while only Denmark had reduced the use of biooriginator below 10%. Conclusion The implementation of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark was rapid and achieved high overall uptake compared with other EU countries. The switch from one biosimilar to another was also achieved quickly and thoroughly. We believe that the rapid dissemination of information and involvement of all stakeholders — administrators, pharmacies, prescribers, nurses, and patients — constitute the backbone of the Danish success. A similar strategy is recommend for biosimilar implementation in other countries.

Oil field–produced water treatment: characterization, photochemical systems, and combined processes - Luana Rabelo Hollanda; Samuel Brito Ferreira Santos; Júlia Gabriela Araújo Arruda Faustino; Guilherme Luiz Dotto; Edson Luiz Foletto; Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a subtropical estuary (Galveston Bay, USA) and the impact of Hurricane Harvey - Gerardo Gold-Bouchot; Samuel Polis; Lauren Elizabeth Castañon; Mayra Padilla Flores; Alyssa Nicole Alsante; Daniel Conrad Ogilvie Thornton (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Elemental plasma content and urinary excretion in vineyard farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides in southern Brazil - Renata Sano Lini; Raul Gomes Aguera; Danielle Hoeltgebaum; Fernanda Pollo Paniz; Tatiana Pedron; Silvia Capelari; Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro; Miguel Machinski Junior; Samuel Botião Nerilo; Bruno Lemos Batista; Magda Lúcia Félix de Oliveira; Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Hydrogeochemical facies and pollution status of groundwater resources of Owerri and environs, Southeastern Nigeria - Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru; Bernard Akudinobi; Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara; Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru; Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

Opportunistic spongivore fishes in a reef of Gulf of Mannar, India - Jonathan Samuel Emmett; K. Diraviya Raj; G. Mathews; R. L. Laju (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2021)

Imaging-based indices of Neuropathology and gait speed decline in older adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study - Kevin J Sullivan; Radhikesh Ranadive; Dan Su; Blake R Neyland; Timothy M Hughes; Christina E Hugenschmidt; Samuel N Lockhart; Dean F Wong; Clifford R Jack; Rebecca F Gottesman; Thomas H Mosley; Michael E Griswold; et al. (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2021)

Spatial analysis of the root system coupled to microbial community inoculation shed light on rhizosphere bacterial community assembly - Shaodong Wei; Samuel Jacquiod; Laurent Philippot; Manuel Blouin; Søren Johannes Sørensen (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2021)

40Ar/39Ar dating and palaeoenvironments at the boundary of the early-late Badenian (Langhian-Serravallian) in the northwest margin of the Pannonian basin system - Katarína Šarinová; Natália Hudáčková; Samuel Rybár; Michal Jamrich; Fred Jourdan; Adam Frew; Celia Mayers; Andrej Ruman; Viktóra Subová; Ľubomír Sliva (Facies, 2021)

Evaluation of biogas yield and kinetics from the anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and horse dung: a strategy for sustainable management of livestock manure - Meshach Ileanwa Alfa; Hilary Ijeoma Owamah; Anthony Ogochukwu Onokwai; Sudalaimuthu Gopikumar; Solomon Olakunle Oyebisi; Smita Subodh Kumar; Somvir Bajar; Olusegun David Samuel; Samuel Chukwujindu Ilabor (Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2021)

Diversity of resources and volatility of metallurgical networks—multi-methodological provenance analysis of neolithic and EBA-copper-artefacts from Switzerland and eastern France - Eda Gross; Samuel van Willigen; Igor M. Villa; Gishan F. Schaeren; Rossana Cardani Vergani; Ebbe H. Nielsen; Pierre Pétrequin; Thomas Reitmaier; Katharina Schäppi; Katharina Schmidt-Ott; Regula Steinhauser-Zimmermann; Erwin Hildbrand (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021)

A persistent fact: reflections on drought severity evaluation over Nigerian Sahel using MOD13Q1 - Isreal Ropo Orimoloye; Adeyemi Oludapo Olusola; Olusola Ololade; Samuel Adelabu (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021)

Identifying Factors Associated with Head Impact Kinematics and Brain Strain in High School American Football via Instrumented Mouthguards - Nicholas J. Cecchi; August G. Domel; Yuzhe Liu; Eli Rice; Rong Lu; Xianghao Zhan; Zhou Zhou; Samuel J. Raymond; Sohrab Sami; Heer Singh; India Rangel; Landon P. Watson; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Predictive Factors of Kinematics in Traumatic Brain Injury from Head Impacts Based on Statistical Interpretation - Xianghao Zhan; Yiheng Li; Yuzhe Liu; August G. Domel; Hossein Vahid Alizadeh; Zhou Zhou; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Samuel J. Raymond; Stephen Tiernan; Jesse Ruan; Saeed Barbat; Olivier Gevaert; et al. (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Time Window of Head Impact Kinematics Measurement for Calculation of Brain Strain and Strain Rate in American Football - Yuzhe Liu; August G. Domel; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Eli Rice; Ashlyn A. Callan; Samuel J. Raymond; Zhou Zhou; Xianghao Zhan; Yiheng Li; Michael M. Zeineh; Gerald A. Grant; David B. Camarillo (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021)

Genetic connectivity of two marine gastropods in the Mediterranean Sea: seascape genetics reveals species‐specific oceanographic drivers of gene flow - Violeta López‐Márquez; Samuel A. Cushman; José Templado; Ho Yi Wan; Helen M. Bothwell; Annie Machordom (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Oceanographic features such as currents, waves, temperature and salinity, together with life history traits, control patterns and rates of gene flow and contribute to shaping the population genetic structure of marine organisms. Seascape genetics is an emerging discipline that adopts a spatially explicit approach to examine biotic and abiotic factors that drive gene flow in marine environments. In this study, we examined factors that contribute to genetic differentiation in two coastal Mediterranean gastropods whose geographical ranges overlap but which inhabit different environments. The two species differ in several life history traits and in their dispersal capabilities. Genetic differentiation was relatively low for the trochid species Gibbula divaricata ( F ST =0.059), and high for the vermetid species Dendropoma lebeche ( F ST =0.410). Salinity emerged as the most important variable explaining the genetic structure of both species; sea surface temperature was also important for G . divaricata . For the more sessile D . lebeche , the coastline was predicted to provide important pathways for stepping‐stone connectivity and gene flow. Our results provide a greater understanding of the factors influencing marine population connectivity, which may be useful to guide marine conservation and management in the Mediterranean.

Land suitability and surface water resources potential for irrigation in Becho Plain, upper Awash basin, Ethiopia * - Berhanu Gadissa Gonfa; Samuel Dagalo Hatiye; Mekuanent Muluneh Finssa (Irrigation and Drainage, 2021)
In this study, an assessment of the land and surface water resources potential of the Becho Plain was conducted. Land suitability for irrigated agriculture was evaluated by considering the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) criteria. The land suitability parameters such as soil properties, slope, land use and land cover were used to identify the suitable irrigable land. The analytical hierarchy process was employed to obtain parameter weights, and later the weighted overlay analysis in the geographic information system was employed to obtain the overall suitability of land resources for irrigation. The surface water availability and amount were evaluated by using the calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The water requirement of dominant crops was estimated following the FAO procedure and compared with the available water. Nearly 70% of the land area is identified as suitable for surface irrigation, while the remaining 30% of the land area is restricted for irrigation development. The water supply and demand analysis revealed that there is sufficient water available in the Becho Plain for irrigation development. The physically possible irrigation area and diversion sites were also identified. The Becho Plain has ample land and water resources for irrigation development. However, future developments shall also consider downstream water use to implement sustainable irrigation development.

A “Dirty” Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils - Wilian C. Demetrio; Ana C. Conrado; Agno N. S. Acioli; Alexandre C. Ferreira; Marie L. C. Bartz; Samuel W. James; Elodie da Silva; Lilianne S. Maia; Gilvan C. Martins; Rodrigo S. Macedo; David W. G. Stanton; Patrick Lavelle; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2021)
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre‐Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre‐Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high‐fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.

Identifying the possibilities and pitfalls of conducting IUCN Red List assessments from remotely sensed habitat information based on insights from poorly known Cuban mammals - Clare Duncan; Monika Böhm; Samuel T. Turvey (Conservation Biology, 2021)
The International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species (RLS) is the key global tool for objective, repeatable assessment of species’ extinction risk status, and plays an essential role in tracking biodiversity loss and guiding conservation action. Satellite remote sensing (SRS) data sets on global ecosystem distributions and functioning show exciting potential for informing range‐based RLS assessment, but their incorporation has been restricted by low temporal resolution and coverage of data sets, lack of incorporation of degradation‐driven habitat loss, and noninclusion of assumptions related to identification of changing habitat distributions for taxa with varying habitat dependency and ecologies. For poorly known mangrove‐associated Cuban hutias ( Mesocapromys spp.), we tested the impact of possible assumptions regarding these issues on range‐based RLS assessment outcomes. Specifically, we used annual (1985–2018) Landsat data and land‐cover classification and habitat degradation analyses across different internal time series slices to simulate range‐based RLS assessments for our case study taxa to explore potential assessment uncertainty arising from temporal SRS data set coverage, incorporating proxies of (change in) habitat quality, and assumptions on spatial scaling of habitat extent for RLS parameter generation. We found extensive variation in simulated species‐specific range‐based RLS assessments, and this variation was mostly associated with the time series over which parameters were estimated. However, results of some species‐specific assessments differed by up to 3 categories (near threatened to critically endangered) within the same time series, due to the effects of incorporating habitat quality and the spatial scaling used in RLS parameter estimation. Our results showed that a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to incorporating SRS information in RLS assessment is inappropriate, and we urge caution in conducting range‐based assessments with SRS for species for which habitat dependence on specific ecosystem types is incompletely understood. We propose novel revisions to parameter spatial scaling guidelines to improve integration of existing time series data on ecosystem change into the RLS assessment process.

Influence of the Shape of Gear Wheel Bodies in Marine Engines on the Gearing Deformation and Meshing Stiffness - Silvia Maláková; Michal Puškár; Peter Frankovský; Samuel Sivák; Daniela Harachová (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021)
The basic properties of gears must be considered: the shape of their gearing, their load capacity, and the meshing stiffness, which affects the noise and vibration. When designing large gears, it is important to choose the correct shape of the gear body. Large gears used in marine gearboxes must be designed with as little weight as possible. The requirements of sufficient stiffness of the gear wheel body, as well as the meshing stiffness, must be met. This paper is devoted to the influence of spur gear wheel body parameters on gearing deformation and meshing stiffness. The stiffness of the gear is solved on the basis of the deformation of the gearing teeth, which is determined by the finite element method. Examples of the simulation and subsequent processing of results demonstrates how the individual parameters of the gear wheel body influence the stiffness of the gearing teeth. At the same time, the results point to designs of suitable shape and dimensions to achieve the required stiffness of the gearing teeth, but with the lowest possible weight of the spur gear wheel body.

Analysis of 23 Years of Daily Cloud-Free Chlorophyll and Suspended Particulate Matter in the Greater North Sea - Aida Alvera-Azcárate; Dimitry Van der Zande; Alexander Barth; Charles Troupin; Samuel Martin; Jean-Marie Beckers (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Satellite-derived estimates of ocean color variables are available for several decades now and allow performing studies of the long-term changes occurred in an ecosystem. A daily, gap-free analysis of chlorophyll (CHL) and suspended particulate matter (SPM, indicative of light availability in the subsurface) at 1 km resolution over the Greater North Sea during the period 1998–2020 is presented. Interannual changes are described, with maximum average CHL values increasing during the period 1998–2008, a slightly decreasing trend in 2009–2017 and an stagnation in recent years. The typical spring bloom is observed to happen earlier each year, with about 1 month difference between 1998 and 2020. The duration of the bloom (time between onset and offset) appears also to be increasing with time, but the average CHL value during the spring bloom does not show a clear trend. The causes for earlier spring blooms are still unclear, although a rising water temperature can partially explain them through enhanced phytoplankton cell division rates or through increased water column stratification. SPM values during winter months (prior to the development of the spring bloom) do not exhibit a clear trend over the same period, although slightly higher SPM values are observed in recent years. The influence of sea surface temperature in the spring bloom timing appears to be dominant over the influence of SPM concentration, according to our results. The number of satellites available over the years for producing CHL and SPM in this work has an influence in the total amount of available data before interpolation. The amount of missing data has an influence in the total variability that is retained in the final dataset, and our results suggest that at least three satellites would be needed for a good representation of ocean color variability.

What if the cold days return? Epigenetic mechanisms in plants to cold tolerance - Rasme Hereme; Carolina Galleguillos; Samuel Morales-Navarro; Marco A. Molina-Montenegro (Planta, 2021)

Oceanographic influence on the early life-history stages of benthic invertebrates during the polar night - Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser; Hongju Chen; Xiaoshou Liu; Samuel R. Laney (Polar Biology, 2021)

Soybean drought-stressed plants impair Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) midgut proteolytic activity and survival - Verônica Aparecida Faustino; Rafael de Almeida Barros; Neilier Rodrigues da Silva Júnior; Samuel Lessa Barbosa; Camilo Elber Vital; Felipe Lopes da Silva; Yaremis Beatriz Meriño Cabrera; Wellington Garcia Campos; Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos; Maria Goreti de Almeida Oliveira (Phytoparasitica, 2021)

Dosimetric evaluation of a patient-specific 3D-printed oral positioning stent for head-and-neck radiotherapy - Susannah Cleland; Philip Chan; Benjamin Chua; Scott B. Crowe; Jodi Dawes; Lizbeth Kenny; Charles Lin; Elise Obereigner; Samuel C. Peet; Jamie V. Trapp; Tania Poroa; Tanya Kairn (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2021)

Health risk assessment and the application of CF-PMF: a pollution assessment–based receptor model in an urban soil - Prince Chapman Agyeman; Samuel Kudjo Ahado; Kingsley John; Ndiye Michael Kebonye; Radim Vašát; Luboš Borůvka; Martin Kočárek; Karel Němeček (Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2021)

Acceptability of cereal-cricket porridge compared to cereal and cereal-milk- porridges among caregivers and nursery school children in Uasin Gishu, Kenya - John Kinyuru; Carolyne Kipkoech; Samuel Imathiu; Silvenus Konyole; Nanna Roos (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Food safety concerns in edible grasshoppers: a review of microbiological and heavy metal hazards - Jeremiah Ng’ang’a; Forkwa Fombong; Samuel Kiiru; Carolyne Kipkoech; John Kinyuru (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insects in food and feed systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the untapped potentials - Samuel A. Babarinde; Brighton M. Mvumi; Grace O. Babarinde; Faith A. Manditsera; Taiwo O. Akande; Adebusola A. Adepoju (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Climate change: a natural streamliner towards entomophagy? - Dorothy N. Nyangena; John Kinyuru; Samuel Imathiu (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Exploring Onchocerca volvulus Cysteine Protease Inhibitor for Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine Against Onchocerciasis: An Immunoinformatics Approach - Alexander Kwarteng; Ebenezer Asiedu; Yusif Mubarik; Gnatoulma Katawa; Samuel Opoku Asiedu (International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2021)

Correction to: Metabarcoding meiofauna biodiversity assessment in four beaches of Northern Colombia: effects of sampling protocols and primer choice - Lyda R. Castro; Rachel S. Meyer; Beth Shapiro; Sabrina Shirazi; Samuel Cutler; Ana M. Lagos; Sigmer Y. Quiroga (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Metabarcoding meiofauna biodiversity assessment in four beaches of Northern Colombia: effects of sampling protocols and primer choice - Lyda R. Castro; Rachel S. Meyer; Beth Shapiro; Sabrina Shirazi; Samuel Cutler; Ana M. Lagos; Sigmer Y. Quiroga (Hydrobiologia, 2021)

Harnessing forgetfulness: can episodic-memory tests predict early Alzheimer’s disease? - Samuel L. Warren; Ahmed A. Moustafa; Hany Alashwal (Experimental Brain Research, 2021)

Trace Metals Migration and Contamination Assessment of Groundwater in the Lower Volta River Basin, Ghana - Courage D. Egbi; Geophrey K. Anornu; Emmanuel. K. Appiah-Adjei; Samuel Y. Ganyaglo; Samuel B. Dampare (Exposure and Health, 2021)

Diffusion tensor imaging indices of acute muscle damage are augmented after exercise in peripheral arterial disease - Jon Stavres; Jianli Wang; Christopher T. Sica; Cheryl Blaha; Michael Herr; Samuel Pai; Aimee Cauffman; Jeffrey Vesek; Qing X. Yang; Lawrence I. Sinoway (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)

Correction to: Fire Management in The Boreal Forest of Swedish Sápmi: Prescribed Burning and Consideration of Sami Reindeer Herding During 1920–1970 - Sarah Cogos; Lars Östlund; Samuel Roturier (Environmental Management, 2021)

Fire Management in The Boreal Forest of Swedish Sápmi: Prescribed Burning and Consideration of Sami Reindeer Herding During 1920–1970 - Sarah Cogos; Lars Östlund; Samuel Roturier (Environmental Management, 2021)

Are perception and adaptation to climate variability and change of cowpea growers in Mali gender differentiated? - Fatimata Bintou Diarra; Mathieu Ouédraogo; Robert B. Zougmoré; Samuel Tetteh Partey; Prosper Houessionon; Amos Mensah (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2021)
Understanding the gender dimension of climate change perception and choice of adaptation strategies is crucial for policy recommendations that foster the development and integration of gender-responsive climate-smart agricultural interventions into agricultural development programs. This study determined the differences in the perception and choice of adaptation strategies between men and women farmers in Cinzana in the Segou region of Mali. The study used questionnaire interviews involving 260 farmers (49% women) and focus group discussions for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model to understand the determinants of the level of adoption of adaptation strategies. The results showed that, irrespective of gender, majority of farmers perceived climate change as extended period of droughts, shortened duration of rains, increased frequency of strong winds and increased day and night temperatures. While climate change perception was similar between men and women, choice of adaptation strategies differed significantly in most instances. Women farmers were generally low adopters of crop and varieties-related strategies, soil and water conservation technics (contour farming, use of organic manure), etc., compare to men. Notably, being the household head, age and the availability of free labor were found to positively increased farmers’ probability of adopting many adaptation strategies. The study recommends improving women’s access and control of production resources (land, labor) as means to improving their adoption of adaptation strategies.

Changing practice from agrochemical to organic methods in rural Ghana: the Nkabom Organic Farming Project - Cynthia Cupit Swenson; Carmen Ketron; Maxwell Akonde; Samuel Nkrumah Yeboah; Isaac Owu; Ginneh Slaughter; Sophia Meryanos; Kinnera Vallabhaneni (Organic Agriculture, 2021)

NRF2-mediated signaling is a master regulator of transcription factors in bovine granulosa cells under oxidative stress condition - Mohamed Omar Taqi; Mohammed Saeed-Zidane; Samuel Gebremedhn; Dessie Salilew-Wondim; Ernst Tholen; Christiane Neuhoff; Michael Hoelker; Karl Schellander; Dawit Tesfaye (Cell and Tissue Research, 2021)
Transcription factors (TFs) are known to be involved in regulating the expression of several classes of genes during folliculogenesis. However, the regulatory role of TFs during oxidative stress (OS) is not fully understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulation of the TFs in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) during exposure to OS induced by H 2 O 2 in vitro. For this, bGCs derived from ovarian follicles were cultured in vitro till their confluency and then treated with H 2 O 2 for 40 min. Twenty-four hours later, cells were subjected to various phenotypic and gene expression analyses for genes related to TFs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation markers. The bGCs exhibited higher reactive oxygen species accumulation, DNA fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied by reduction of mitochondrial activity after exposure to OS. In addition, higher lipid accumulation and lower cell proliferation were noticed in H 2 O 2 -challenged cells. The mRNA level of TFs including NRF2 , E2F1 , KLF6 , KLF9 , FOS , SREBF1 , SREBF2 , and NOTCH1 was increased in H 2 O 2 -treated cells compared with non-treated controls. However, the expression level of KLF4 and its downstream gene, CCNB1 , were downregulated in the H 2 O 2 -challenged group. Moreover, targeted inhibition of NRF2 using small interference RNA resulted in reduced expression of KLF9 , FOS , SREBF2 , and NOTCH1 genes, while the expression of KLF4 was upregulated. Taken together, bovine granulosa cells exposed to OS exhibited differential expression of various transcription factors, which are mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway.

Mitogenomic phylogeny of mud snails of the mostly Atlantic/Mediterranean genus Tritia (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) - Yi Yang; Samuel Abalde; Carlos L.M. Afonso; Manuel J. Tenorio; Nicolas Puillandre; José Templado; Rafael Zardoya (Zoologica Scripta, 2021)
The mud snails endemic to the East Atlantic/Mediterranean region (genus Tritia ; subfamily Nassariinae) account for the second highest diversity within the family Nassariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea). In order to understand how the diversity of species, shell morphologies and ecological traits evolved within this genus, a robust phylogenetic framework is needed, yet still unavailable due to high levels of homoplasy in shell morphology, the main trait used for their taxonomic classification. Here, the near‐complete mitogenomes of 20 species representing more than half of the diversity of Tritia were sequenced. All mitogenomes of Tritia shared the same gene order, which is identical to the consensus reported for caenogastropods. The reconstructed phylogeny indicates that all analysed Tritia species formed a natural group except Tritia vaucheri, which was sister to an early diverging clade within subfamily Nassariinae that includes species of genus Reticunassa sister to Nassarius jacksonianus and Nassarius sp. Within Tritia , the North‐west Atlantic species Tritia obsoleta was placed as the sister group of three mostly East Atlantic/Mediterranean clades (I‐III), prompting the reinstatement of the genus Ilyanassa . The latter three clades corresponded to different shell features (I, shell mostly with marked sculpture; II, shell with strong nodules and small size; and III, smooth shell). For Tritia incrassata , the analysed specimens from Norway and from the Spanish Mediterranean coasts showed notable genetic divergence, which may indicate the existence of cryptic species. The ancestral character state reconstruction of protoconch inferred that the ancestor of Tritia had planktotrophic larvae and that a transition to lecithotrophy occurred independently at least three times within Nassariinae. The reconstructed chronogram dated the origin of Tritia in the Oligocene and main diversification events during the Miocene to Pleistocene, correlated with drastic shifts in local paleoecosystems caused by cooling events, eustatic sea level changes and the Messinian Salinity Crisis that favoured temperate taxa.

Trypanocidal Trixikingolides From Trixis Vauthieri - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior; Carlos Leomar Zani; Ezequias Pessoa de Siqueira; Markus Kohlhoff; Fátima Regina Marques; Alisson Samuel Portes Caldeira; Betânia Barros Cota; Daniela Nabak Bueno Maia; Luiza Guimarães Tunes; Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta; Tânia Maria Almeida Alves (Natural Product Research, 2021)

Soil potassium dynamics in the eucalypt rhizosphere - Filipe Bruno de Oliveira; Sérgio Henrique Carneiro; Naiara Fernanda de Souza; Bruna Morais Horta; Ivo Ribeiro da Silva; Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes; Samuel Vasconcelos Valadares (Trees, 2021)

The good and the bad about separation anxiety: roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver pathologies - Jöran Lücke; Morsal Sabihi; Tao Zhang; Lennart Fynn Bauditz; Ahmad Mustafa Shiri; Anastasios D. Giannou; Samuel Huber (Seminars in Immunopathology, 2021)
The human liver fulfills several vital tasks daily and possesses an impressive ability to self-regenerate. However, the capacity of this self-healing process can be exhausted by a variety of different liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Over time, all these diseases generally lead to progressive liver failure that can become fatal if left untreated. Thus, a great effort has been directed towards the development of innovative therapies. The most recently discovered therapies often involve modifying the patient’s immune system to enhance a beneficial immune response. Current data suggest that, among others, the cytokine IL-22 might be a promising therapeutical candidate. IL-22 and its endogenous antagonist, IL-22BP, have been under thorough scientific investigation for nearly 20 years. While IL-22 is mainly produced by T H 22 cells, ILC3s, NKT cells, or γδ T cells, sources of IL-22BP include dendritic cells, eosinophils, and CD4 + cells. In many settings, IL-22 was shown to promote regenerative potential and, thus, could protect tissues from pathogens and damage. However, the effects of IL-22 during carcinogenesis are more ambiguous and depend on the tumor entity and microenvironment. In line with its capabilities of neutralizing IL-22 in vivo, IL-22BP possesses often, but not always, an inverse expression pattern compared to its ligand. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize past and current findings regarding the roles of IL-22 and IL-22BP in liver diseases with a particular focus on the leading causes of advanced liver failure, namely, liver infections, liver damage, and liver malignancies.

Gynoecium pubescence in soybean: a prevalent false-positive during in vitro androgenesis - Brett Hale; Pa Lor; Sreekala Chellamma; J. Pon Samuel; Gregory C. Phillips (Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2021)

Can Occurrence and Distribution of Ground Beetles (Carabidae) Be Influenced by the Coffee Farming System in the Mount Elgon Region of Uganda? - Anthony Raphael Ijala; Samuel Kyamanywa; Scola Cherukut; Christopher Sebatta; Thomas Hilger; Jeninah Karungi (Neotropical Entomology, 2021)

Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation of spiraling blood flow in the heart during isovolumic contraction and ejection phases - Ke Yang; Shiqian Wu; Hui Zhang; Dhanjoo N. Ghista; Oluwarotimi W. Samuel; Kelvin K. L. Wong (Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2021)

Genome Scan for Variable Genes Involved in Environmental Adaptations of Nubian Ibex - Vivien J. Chebii; Emmanuel A. Mpolya; Samuel O. Oyola; Antoinette Kotze; Jean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner; J. Musembi Mutuku (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2021)
The Nubian ibex ( Capra nubiana ) is a wild goat species that inhabits the Sahara and Arabian deserts and is adapted to extreme ambient temperatures, intense solar radiation, and scarcity of food and water resources. To investigate desert adaptation, we explored the possible role of copy number variations (CNVs) in the evolution of Capra species with a specific focus on the environment of Capra nubiana . CNVs are structural genomic variations that have been implicated in phenotypic differences between species and could play a role in species adaptation. CNVs were inferred from Capra nubiana sequence data relative to the domestic goat reference genome using read-depth approach. We identified 191 CNVs overlapping with protein-coding genes mainly involved in biological processes such as innate immune response, xenobiotic metabolisms, and energy metabolisms. We found copy number variable genes involved in defense response to viral infections (Cluster of Differentiation 48, UL16 binding protein 3, Natural Killer Group 2D ligand 1-like, and Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3), possibly suggesting their roles in Nubian ibex adaptations to viral infections. Additionally, we found copy number variable xenobiotic metabolism genes (carboxylesterase 1, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4, and UDP Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7), which are probably an adaptation of Nubian ibex to desert diets that are rich in plant secondary metabolites. Collectively, this study's results advance our understanding of CNVs and their possible roles in the adaptation of Nubian ibex to its environment. The copy number variable genes identified in Nubian ibex could be considered as subjects for further functional characterizations.

The role of 5-lipoxygenase in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications - Nohora Cristina Ayola-Serrano; Namrata Roy; Zareena Fathah; Mohammed Moustapha Anwar; Bivek Singh; Nour Ammar; Ranjit Sah; Areej Elba; Rawan Sobhi Utt; Samuel Pecho-Silva; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales; Kuldeep Dhama; et al. (Inflammation Research, 2021)

Comments on "Cortico-cortical connectivity: the road from basic neurophysiological interactions to therapeutic applications" (Koch, Exp Brain Res., 2020) - Samuel Zibman; Abraham Zangen (Experimental Brain Research, 2021)

Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities - Richard S. Metcalfe; Rachael Kemp; Shane M. Heffernan; Rachel Churm; Yung-Chih Chen; José S. Ruffino; Gillian E. Conway; Giusy Tornillo; Samuel T. Orange (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021)
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.

Growth and wood density of Pinus taeda L. as affected by shelterwood harvest in a two-aged stand in Southern Brazil - Larissa Regina Topanotti; Douglas Rufino Vaz; Samuel de Pádua Chaves e Carvalho; Polliana D´Angelo Rios; Mário Tomazello-Filho; Mário Dobner Jr; Marcos Felipe Nicoletti (European Journal of Forest Research, 2021)

Correction to: Trade and environmental pollution in Africa: accounting for consumption and territorial-based emissions - Samuel Adams; Eric Evans Osei Opoku (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)
A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11356-020-10328-8

Synthesis of a copper (II) metal–organic framework for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye in water - Melvin S. Samuel; Kirankumar Venkat Savunthari; Selvarajan Ethiraj (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Mechanism and multi-step kinetic modelling of Cr(VI) adsorption, reduction and complexation by humic acid, humin and kerogen from different sources - Samuel Barnie; Jia Zhang; Peter Appiah Obeng; Albert Ebo Duncan; Caspar Daniel Adenutsi; Lin Xu; Honghan Chen (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021)

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected herbal medicinal products in Ghana - Kwabena F. M. Opuni; Samuel Asare-Nkansah; Paul Osei-Fosu; Abraham Akonnor; Samuel O. Bekoe; Alexander N. O. Dodoo (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021)

VICTORIA: VIrtual neck Curve and True Ostium Reconstruction of Intracranial Aneurysms - Philipp Berg; Benjamin Behrendt; Samuel Voß; Oliver Beuing; Belal Neyazi; Ibrahim Erol Sandalcioglu; Bernhard Preim; Sylvia Saalfeld (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2021)
Purpose For the status evaluation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), morphological and hemodynamic parameters can provide valuable information. For their extraction, a separation of the aneurysm sac from its parent vessel is required that yields the neck curve and the ostium. However, manual and subjective neck curve and ostium definitions might lead to inaccurate IA assessments. Methods The research project VICTORIA was initiated, allowing users to interactively define the neck curve of five segmented IA models using a web application. The submitted results were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to identify the minimum, median and maximum aneurysm surface area. Finally, image-based blood flow simulations were carried out to assess the effect of variable neck curve definitions on relevant flow- and shear-related parameters. Results In total, 55 participants (20 physicians) from 18 countries participated in VICTORIA. For relatively simple aneurysms, a good agreement with respect to the neck curve definition was found. However, differences among the participants increased with increasing complexity of the aneurysm. Furthermore, it was observed that the majority of participants excluded any small arteries occurring in the vicinity of an aneurysm. This can lead to non-negligible deviations among the flow- and shear-related parameters, which need to be carefully evaluated, if quantitative analysis is desired. Finally, no differences between participants with medical and non-medical background could be observed. Conclusions VICTORIAs findings reveal the complexity of aneurysm neck curve definition, especially for bifurcation aneurysms. Standardization appears to be mandatory for future sac-vessel-separations. For hemodynamic simulations a careful neck curve definition is crucial to avoid inaccuracies during the quantitative flow analysis.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and domain-specific neurocognitive performance in adults with HIV - Karen Volpe; David Samuels; Asha Kallianpur; Ronald Ellis; Donald Franklin; Scott Letendre; Robert K. Heaton; Todd Hulgan (Journal of NeuroVirology, 2021)

T cell plasticity in renal autoimmune disease - Shiwa Soukou; Samuel Huber; Christian F. Krebs (Cell and Tissue Research, 2021)
The presence of immune cells is a morphological hallmark of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a disease group that includes anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated glomerulonephritis. The cellular infiltrates include cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. The latter includes CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. In the past, CD4 + T cell subsets were viewed as terminally differentiated lineages with limited flexibility. However, it is now clear that Th17 cells can in fact have a high degree of plasticity and convert, for example, into pro-inflammatory Th1 cells or anti-inflammatory Tr1 cells. Interestingly, Th17 cells in experimental GN display limited spontaneous plasticity. Here we review the literature of CD4 + T cell plasticity focusing on immune-mediated kidney disease. We point out the key findings of the past decade, in particular that targeting pathogenic Th17 cells by anti-CD3 injection can be a tool to modulate the CD4 + T cell response. This anti-CD3 treatment can trigger a regulatory phenotype in Th17 cells and transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into immunosuppressive IL-10-expressing Tr1 cells (Tr1exTh17 cells). Thus, targeting Th17 cell plasticity could be envisaged as a new therapeutic approach in patients with glomerulonephritis.

Phylogenetic characterization and multidrug resistance of bacteria isolated from seafood cocktails - Samuel Campista-León; Bianca V. Rivera-Serrano; Joel T. Garcia-Guerrero; Luz I. Peinado-Guevara (Archives of Microbiology, 2021)

Paleoparasitological survey of coprolites of Darwin’s ground sloth Mylodon darwini (Xenarthra, Folivora: Mylodontidae) from Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument, Chilean Patagonia - Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz; Samuel A. Pérez-Espinoza; Fernanda González-Saldías; Fabiana Martin; Lucila Moreno (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021)

Tropospheric delay in microwave propagation in Nigeria - Samuel Ogunjo; Joseph Dada; Sunday Oluyamo; Ibiyinka Fuwape (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021)

Investigation of multiple flood mitigation strategies for an urban catchment using semi-distributed hydrological modelling - Elanchezhiyan Duraisekaran; Tamilselvi Mohanraj; Jeciliya Selva Kiruba Samuel; Sudharsanan Rajagopalan; Ravikumar Govindasamy (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021)

Does menstruation-related headache occur exclusively in women with migraine? - Alanny Gabrielly Diógenes Campelo; Danilo Andrade Lima; Gabriel Rios Carneiro Britto; Iago Samuel Luciano Moraes; Rebeca Matos Almeida; Raimundo Pereira Silva-Néto (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2021)

The impact of indoor residual spraying on Plasmodium falciparum microsatellite variation in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Ghana, West Africa - Dionne C. Argyropoulos; Shazia Ruybal‐Pesántez; Samantha L. Deed; Abraham R. Oduro; Samuel K. Dadzie; Maxwell A. Appawu; Victor Asoala; Mercedes Pascual; Kwadwo A. Koram; Karen P. Day; Kathryn E. Tiedje (Molecular Ecology, 2021)
Here, we report the first population genetic study to examine the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on Plasmodium falciparum in humans. This study was conducted in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Bongo District, Ghana. IRS was implemented during the dry season (November–May) in three consecutive years between 2013 and 2015 to reduce transmission and attempt to bottleneck the parasite population in humans towards lower diversity with greater linkage disequilibrium. The study was done against a background of widespread use of long‐lasting insecticidal nets, typical for contemporary malaria control in West Africa. Microsatellite genotyping with 10 loci was used to construct 392 P . falciparum multilocus infection haplotypes collected from two age‐stratified cross‐sectional surveys at the end of the wet seasons pre‐ and post‐IRS. Three‐rounds of IRS, under operational conditions, led to a >90% reduction in transmission intensity and a 35.7% reduction in the P . falciparum prevalence ( p H e : pre‐IRS = 0.79 vs. post‐IRS = 0.81, p = .048). Reduced relatedness of the parasite population ( p D = 0.0329 [95% CI: 0.0209 – 0.0473], p = .034) was identified. These data provide a genetic explanation for the resilience of P. falciparum to short‐term IRS programmes in high‐transmission settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Spawning habits and embryonic development of the banded lampeye killifish Aplocheilichthys spilauchen ( Duméril 1861) in ex situ fresh and brackish water environments - Isaac Okyere; Juliet Afrah Obeng; Samuel Ayitey; Jouke Rients Van der Zee; Herman Meeus (Journal of Fish Biology, 2021)
Aside from ornamental uses, there is growing interest in using killifishes for a multiplicity of purposes including baitfish and mosquito biocontrol. This experiment explored the spawning habits and embryonic development of the banded lampeye, Aplocheilichthys spilauchen in ex situ freshwater (0.04‰) and brackish water (5.01‰) to ascertain the captive breeding prospects for mosquito control in areas where they occur. Significantly higher number of eggs were laid in the brackish water than the freshwater ( X 2 = 1613.0, P A. spilauchen can be optimally propagated with black mops in brackish water offers a significant step in its use for the mosquito biocontrol programme, as well as other potential uses not yet explored.

Temporal dynamic and economic valuation of recreational fisheries of the lower Cuiabá River, Brazilian Pantanal - Brayan Allan R. Massaroli; Joisiane Mendes Araújo; Jean C. G. Ortega; André Valle Nunes; Lúcia Mateus; Samuel Elias Silva; Jerry Penha (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2021)
Fisheries are the most common ecosystem service that fish provide to human populations, yet recreational fisheries are often overlooked when evaluating such services. Here, the socioeconomic profiles of fishers, the composition of their catches and catch per unit effort (CPUE) are described, to estimate the economic value of the recreational fishery on a stretch of the Cuiabá River in the Brazilian Pantanal. Questionnaires were used to obtain socioeconomic information and fishing yield from fishers for 2013 and 2014. Additionally, a census on the number of fishers and fishing platforms along the sampled region was conducted in 2018. This recreational fishery mostly involves middle class adult males, based mostly in the Cuiabá city metropolitan region. They invested, on average, US$41.1 (SD = US$16.5, median = $35.2) per fishing visit, catching around 19 fish species. Overall, mean CPUE from the recreational fishery was 42.20 fish/fisher.day (17.4 kg/fisher/day). Annual economic value of this recreational fishery was estimated at around US$1.8 million, which highlights the importance of this activity to the local economy. Greater environmental conservation efforts are recommend to ensure the long‐term viability of this ecosystem service.

Light and depth dependency of nitrogen fixation by the non‐photosynthetic, symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A - Mary R. Gradoville; Ana M. Cabello; Samuel T. Wilson; Kendra A. Turk‐Kubo; David M. Karl; Jonathan P. Zehr (Environmental Microbiology, 2021)
Summary The symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A is one of the most globally abundant marine dinitrogen (N 2 )‐fixers, but cultures have not been available and its biology and ecology are poorly understood. We used cultivation‐independent approaches to investigate how UCYN‐A single‐cell N 2 fixation rates (NFRs) and nifH gene expression vary as a function of depth and photoperiod. Twelve‐hour day/night incubations showed that UCYN‐A only fixed N 2 during the day. Experiments conducted using in situ arrays showed a light‐dependence of NFRs by the UCYN‐A symbiosis, with the highest rates in surface waters (5–45 m) and lower rates at depth (≥ 75 m). Analysis of NFRs versus in situ light intensity yielded a light saturation parameter ( I k ) for UCYN‐A of 44 μmol quanta m −2 s −1 . This is low compared with other marine diazotrophs, suggesting an ecological advantage for the UCYN‐A symbiosis under low‐light conditions. In contrast to cell‐specific NFRs, nifH gene‐specific expression levels did not vary with depth, indicating that light regulates N 2 fixation by UCYN‐A through processes other than transcription, likely including host–symbiont interactions. These results offer new insights into the physiology of the UCYN‐A symbiosis in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean and provide clues to the environmental drivers of its global distributions.

Community structure and collapses in multichannel food webs: Role of consumer body sizes and mesohabitat productivities - Samuel Dijoux; David S. Boukal (Ecology Letters, 2021)
Multichannel food webs are shaped by the ability of apex predators to link asymmetric energy flows in mesohabitats differing in productivity and community traits. While body size is a fundamental trait underlying life histories and demography, its implications for structuring multichannel food webs are unexplored. To fill this gap, we develop a model that links population responses to predation, and resource availability to community‐level patterns, using a tri‐trophic food web model with two populations of intermediate consumers and a size‐selective top predator. We show that asymmetries in mesohabitat productivities and consumer body sizes drive food web structure, merging previously separate theory on apparent competition and emergent Allee effects (i.e. abrupt population collapses) of top predators. Our results yield theoretical support for empirically observed stability of asymmetric multichannel food webs and discover three novel types of emergent Allee effects involving intermediate consumers, multiple populations or multiple alternative stable states.

Effects of protected areas on survival of threatened gibbons in China - Lu Zhang; Samuel T. Turvey; Colin Chapman; Pengfei Fan (Conservation Biology, 2021)
Establishing protected areas (PAs) is an essential strategy to reduce biodiversity loss. However, many PAs do not provide adequate protection due to poor funding, inadequate staffing and equipment, and ineffective management. As part of China's recent economic growth, the Chinese government has significantly increased investment in nature reserves over the past 20 years, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate whether PAs can protect threatened species effectively. We compiled data from published literature on populations of gibbons (Hylobatidae), a threatened taxon with cultural significance, that occurred in Chinese reserves after 1980. We evaluated the ability of these PAs to maintain gibbon habitat and populations by comparing forest cover and human disturbance between reserves and their surrounding areas and modeling the impact of reserve characteristics on gibbon population trends. We also assessed the perspective of reserve staff concerning PA management effectiveness through an online survey. Reserves effectively protected gibbon habitat by reducing forest loss and human disturbance; however, half the reserves lost their gibbon populations since being established. Gibbons were more likely to survive in reserves established more recently, at higher elevation, with less forest loss and lower human impact, and that have been relatively well studied. A larger initial population size in the 1980s was positively associated with gibbon persistence. Although staff of all reserves reported increased investment and improved management over the past 20–30 years, no relationship was found between management effectiveness and gibbon population trends. We suggest early and emphatic intervention is critical to stop population decline and prevent extinction.

Support for rodent ecology and conservation to advance zoonotic disease research - Thomas E. Lacher; Rosalind Kennerley; Barney Long; Shelby McCay; Nicolette S. Roach; Samuel T. Turvey; Richard P. Young (Conservation Biology, 2021)