Site-specific survey and reference data reveal drivers of fish community diversity changes in southwest Germany - Samuel Roch; Mário Mota-Ferreira; Alexander Brinker (Hydrobiologia, 2025)
Despite efforts to minimize human impact on rivers, native teleost fish and lamprey species communities in Germany remain threatened. The aim of the study was to quantify current species diversity in the study area, identify the level of deviation from realistic reference conditions, and characterize relevant drivers of diversity loss. Site-specific survey data were consolidated with reference fish community data, and selected biodiversity metrics were calculated and compared for 390 river sections. A novel species deviation index was implemented that reflects the level at which a community deviates from a presumptive natural state. The obtained biodiversity data were cross-linked with environmental factors using generalized linear mixed modeling. A significant decline in biodiversity was revealed when comparing results of the recent surveys with the corresponding reference conditions. Non-native species, transverse structures, and human land use were identified as important drivers of low native species diversity. The deviation index was especially effective in quantifying changes in fish communities and revealed ongoing dynamic environmental influences, such as bioclimatic change, that do not necessarily affect biodiversity metrics but lead to significant deviation from reference conditions. Authorities and stakeholders are encouraged to establish site-specific reference data to develop more targeted species conservation measures.

Exploring the gut microbiota of Siganus fuscescens with inferred functional roles in nutrient utilization - Samuel Mwakisha Mwamburi; John Paul Matthew D. Guzman; Kayo Konishi; Reiko Nozaki; Nobuhiro Hattori; Keiichiro Koiwai; Ikuo Hirono; Hidehiro Kondo (Fisheries Science, 2025)

Compression may be a general tendency of auditory distance judgments: evidence from distance estimates using a novel echolocation skill - Andrew J. Kolarik; Samuel Evans; Eleanor McCarthy; Brian C. J. Moore (Experimental Brain Research, 2025)
Estimates of sound source distance are well described by a compressive function relating judged to actual distance; distance is systematically underestimated at larger distances. The current experiment investigated whether such compression is a general tendency of auditory distance judgments, by measuring the judged distance of silent objects based on a novel skill, using self-produced echolocation mouth clicks. The accuracy and precision of distance estimates were measured for aluminum or foam objects (the latter being less reflective than the former) positioned 30, 60, or 90 cm away from 11 blindfolded, normally sighted participants. The distance estimates were well characterized by compressive power functions. Distances were significantly more underestimated and consistency was significantly worse for the two closest object distances for foam than for aluminum objects. Systematic errors were similar for the two materials. The results are consistent with the idea that compression may be a general tendency of auditory distance judgments, both for sound-producing objects as observed in the literature and for silent objects whose distance is judged using a novel echolocation skill.

Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of sediments from artisanal mining in North Central Nigeria - Samson Eneojo Abalaka; Nuhu Abdulazeez Sani; Idoko Sunday Idoko; Oremeyi Zaynab Tenuche; Motunrayo Ganiyat Akande; Fatima Oyenike Oyelowo-Abdulraheem; Samuel Olorunfemi Adams; Bolade Thomas Adeyemo; Simon Azubuike Ubah; Simon Ikechukwu Enem; Sunday Augustine Ejeh (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2025)

Feed additive carriers affected the physiological effects of a lactobacilli-based pro- and postbiotic in broilers - Samuel C.G. Jansseune; Wouter H. Hendriks; Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan; Fany Blanc (Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2025)

Cover crop effects on select soil physicochemical and biological properties - Samuel I. Haruna; Doofan Eke; Md. Ariful Haque; Seockmo Ku (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2025)

Alien terrestrial vertebrates of Hong Kong: species richness, taxonomic composition and introduction pathways - Samuel Chak Lam Ho; Yik-Hei Sung; Salit Kark (Biological Invasions, 2025)
Invasive alien vertebrates have multiple negative impacts on biodiversity and impact human well-being and the economy. Hong Kong has been a major international shipping and trading hub for centuries. With less than a quarter of Hong Kong’s land developed, its subtropical landscapes host rich native biodiversity. However, Hong Kong is also at high risk of biotic invasions that can threaten its native species and ecosystems. Limited systematic, published data on alien species in Hong Kong impedes our ability to understand introduction sources, pathways and patterns, which is needed to prevent future introductions and tackle the potential impacts of invasive species. We aimed to address this gap by creating and analyzing the first database of alien terrestrial vertebrates in Hong Kong. Overall, we recorded 213 alien terrestrial vertebrate species, including 155 bird, 37 reptile, 15 mammal and six amphibian species, of which 49 are established and seven are invasive. Most of these alien vertebrate species (92%) were affiliated with the pet trade derived from captivity and were released or escaped to the wild. Cultural and religious practices had a major role in shaping the alien species composition in Hong Kong. Other introduction sources include biocontrol, agriculture or horticulture, hitchhiking on traded plants and on freight. This study provides a baseline for further monitoring, management and control of introduced alien species in Hong Kong.

An evaluation of the human relevance of the thyroid follicular cell tumors observed in rats treated with the synthetic fungicide, pyridachlometyl, based on mode of action - Kensuke Kawamoto; Junji Yano; Yukako Shimotsuma; Keiko Maeda; Kyohei Yamaguchi; Kohei Matsunaga; Satoki Fukunaga; Samuel M. Cohen; Hiroyuki Asano (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)

Prediction of Clinically Significant Improvements During the Interdisciplinary Intensive Outpatient Program for Traumatic Brain Injury Using Machine Learning - Rujirutana Srikanchana; David Samuel; Jacob Powell; Treven Pickett; Thomas DeGraba; Chandler Sours Rhodes (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

Does Reduced Ball Inflation Pressure in Association Football Decrease Head Impact Kinematics? - Rory England; Suzie Liverseidge; Yusuke Miyazaki; Samuel W. Oxford; Ieuan Phillips; Jon Farmer (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)
Purpose Apparent degeneration in brain health due to heading the football is amongst the most pressing and contentious health-related questions in sport (Keogh F, Pirks N (2024) “Pain was sickening”—Ex-players on heading fears. In: BBC). The purpose of this study was to thoroughly explore the effectiveness of reduced inflation pressure as an intervention to reduce head kinematics from a ball to head impact. The influence of impact location, head orientation, neck flexion angle and ball type on the intervention were experimentally investigated. Method A Hybrid III head and neck was impacted in frontal and oblique locations with two modern footballs that were projected using a bespoke launch device. Peak linear acceleration, peak angular velocity, peak angular acceleration and DAMAGE metrics were calculated for a total of 34 permutations of impact variables at two inflation pressures. Results Magnitude was decreased (82%) or unchanged (8%) for 90% of impacts with average magnitude changes between − 2 and − 12% across the four metrics. Findings indicated that decreased inflation pressure was a positive intervention towards decreasing kinematic magnitudes in most cases. This was especially true for linear acceleration, angular velocity and angular acceleration, where 100, 97 and 100% of impacts were reduced or unchanged, respectively. Conclusions Reduced inflation pressure was overall an effective mitigation to reduce the kinematic magnitude of heading in football based upon these four kinematic metrics despite 10% of impacts exhibiting an increase in kinematic magnitude. The DAMAGE predictor of MPS exhibited 12 out of 13 cases where magnitude increased demonstrating the capacity for decreased inflation pressure to result in increased kinematics for an angular response derived metric, indicating that reducing inflation pressure is not a universal solution. Nonetheless DAMAGE still saw a net decrease in magnitude across all impacts. Metric magnitude was found to be sensitive to head orientation, impact location and ball type, demonstrating the importance of the sensitivity analysis in this study. Two impacts were recommended to represent the worst-case ball to head impact, one in each nominal orientation. These locations contrasted with those commonly used in literature, a finding pertinent to future experimental design in football heading research.

IL-8 receptor signaling as a novel target for angiogenic retinopathies - Maximilian J. Garcia; Amanda L. Beall; Monica S. Morales; Nolan J. Beatty; Samuel A. Palmer; Marvarakumari Jhala; Aleksandra Drmanovic; Stephen Priest; Yueli Zhang; Rong Yang; Kyana Arellano; John S. Penn; et al. (Angiogenesis, 2025)
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by chronic retinal inflammation and vascular remodeling that can threaten vision. Most current treatments are administered intravitreally and target vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) but are often ineffective. Nevertheless, few alternative treatments, and no oral DR therapies, exist. Although IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-8 are upregulated along with VEGF within eyes with DR, they are not therapeutically targeted. IL-8 levels correlate with DR progression and resistance to anti-VEGF therapy, suggesting VEGF-independent contributions of IL-8-receptor signaling to DR. IL-1β and TNFα, in turn, enhance expression of pro-angiogenic CXCR2 ligands (e.g. IL-8, CXCL1) in human Müller cells (hMC). Despite investigation of CXCR2 roles in several angiogenic and fibrotic diseases, CXCR2 inhibitors have not been explored in DR models. In this study, we show protein upregulation of IL-8 and CXCL1, but no detectable VEGF in conditioned media (CM) from IL-1β and TNFα-stimulated hMC. Stimulation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMEC) with this human Müller cell-conditioned media (hMC-CM), as well as directly with IL-8, upregulated hRMEC proliferation and migration. CXCR2 inhibition reduced pro-angiogenic hRMEC responses to hMC-CM and IL-8. Likewise, in vivo, in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, either genetic ( Cxcr2 -/- ) or pharmacologic (SB225002) CXCR2 inhibition reduced pre-retinal neovascularization without altering avascularity or VEGF expression. These findings suggest that: (a) Müller cells may link inflammatory and angiogenic responses in the retina, (b) CXCR2 activation may contribute to DR, and (c) CXCR2 inhibitors may be repurposed to reduce pre-retinal neovascularization, a key feature of proliferative DR.

Marine Fungi in Coral Reefs: Interactions and Ecological Significance - Samuel Ayeh Osei; Samuel Opoku Dandi; Elliot Haruna Alhassan; Sandra Akugpoka Atindana (Marine Ecology, 2025)
Marine fungi have a crucial but little‐studied role in the dynamics of disease, holobiont stability and nutrient cycling in coral reef ecosystems. Despite having more than 1500 identified species, little is known about the ecological roles of marine fungi in comparison to bacteria and algae. Fungal populations live in the surrounding waters, sediments, bones, mucous and coral tissues. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota are among the many phyla that they constitute. These fungi function as mutualists, pathogens, decomposers and bioindicators that influence coral health through food provisioning, antimicrobial activity and stress tolerance. However, when opportunistic species are subjected to environmental stress, they can exacerbate disease. Specifically, warming, acidification, eutrophication, pollution, hypoxia and sedimentation are environmental changes that impact fungal diversity and function. As a result, microbial networks become unstable and more pathogenic. Nutrient turnover and fungus‐mediated decomposition impact reef carbon fluxes and ecosystem structure, causing bioerosion and biodiversity loss. Present research is limited by inadequate functional validation, taxonomic and regional biases and a lack of understanding of multi‐stressor interactions, microbial networks and pathogen spreading pathways. This study highlights the critical roles that marine fungi play in disease dynamics, nutrient cycling and reef resilience by summarising the research on their interactions with coral. It identifies significant knowledge gaps in the context of global change and offers directions for integrative research that uses omics methods, experimental manipulation and predictive modelling to direct reef management and conservation.

Genetic Disruptions Induced by Marine Invasive Species: Implications for Biodiversity, Evolutionary Trajectories, and Ecosystem Resilience - Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Hridoy; Chiara Bordin; Azeez Olalekan Baki; Gift Samuel David; Zulfaqar Sa'adi; Aporna Rani Nath; Mst. Mahbuba Moni Mim; Tasfiah Jahan; Shuvashish Chanda; Tahsin Islam Meem; Md. Mahdi Hasan Munna; Tanzila Gias; et al. (Marine Ecology, 2025)
Marine biological invasions are accelerating under the influence of global trade and climate change, posing one of the most pressing threats to ocean biodiversity. This review critically examines the genetic consequences of invasive species in marine ecosystems, with a focus on mechanisms such as hybridization, introgression, genetic homogenization, and population bottlenecks. Invasive species not only disrupt native gene pools through processes such as hybridization and genetic introgression but can also shift evolutionary pathways, reduce adaptive potential, and destabilize ecological networks. Through key case studies including Pterois spp. in coral reefs and Carcinus maenas in estuarine systems, this review highlights the multifaceted genetic impacts across diverse marine environments. It further explores how emerging stressors, such as ocean warming and habitat degradation, intensify these effects. Despite progress in applying next‐generation sequencing tools for detection and monitoring, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of invasion dynamics at both genetic and ecosystem levels. The review advocates for a more integrated framework that combines genomic data, policy action, and public engagement to improve invasive species management. Ultimately, this work underscores the urgent need for transdisciplinary strategies to preserve marine genetic diversity and ecosystem resilience in an era of escalating environmental change.

Climate warming disrupts zooplankton phenology and overwintering strategies - Ida K. Svendsen; Anders Forsman; Mark Dopson; Emelie Nilsson; Johanna Sunde; Sofia Håkansson; Marcelo Ketzer; Samuel Hylander; Romana K. Salis (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Zooplankton are crucial for food webs and biogeochemical cycles. However, warming associated with climate change may alter their seasonal timing and reproductive strategies. This study investigated how long‐term warming impacted zooplankton (mainly copepods) phenology and overwintering strategies by comparing a Baltic Sea bay, heated by warm water discharge for more than 50 yr, with an unaffected control bay. Field observations showed that copepod and phytoplankton population growth began earlier in the heated bay than in the control bay, suggesting that copepod abundance was driven by both temperature and food availability in the heated bay and by a stronger temperature dependence in the control bay. Resting eggs are normally produced as a life‐history strategy to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Our laboratory incubation experiment showed fewer dormant resting eggs hatched from the heated bay sediment compared with the control bay, supporting an evolutionary change in overwintering strategy. In conclusion, the results seemed to suggest that copepods adjusted their life‐history in elevated temperatures by relying less on the strategy of using sediment‐stored dormant eggs and instead started their spring development earlier, when phytoplankton food was available. Hence, this study suggests that climate change can shift copepod overwintering strategies, leading to potential cascading effects in the food web and affecting overall biodiversity and productivity.

Effects of Biodiversity Loss on Freshwater Ecosystem Functions Increase With the Number of Stressors - Ralf B. Schäfer; Daria Baikova; Helena S. Bayat; Arne J. Beermann; Stella A. Berger; Jens Boenigk; Mario Brauns; Andrea Burfeid‐Castellanos; Bradley J. Cardinale; Gwendoline M. David; Alexander Feckler; Christian K. Feld; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
A multitude of anthropogenic stressors drive biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem functioning. Freshwaters, which contribute disproportionally to global biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, are particularly threatened. Although the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEF) is generally well‐established, especially in terrestrial ecosystems, the role of multiple, co‐occurring stressors in modulating the relationship remains unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis to address this knowledge gap by assessing the effect of multiple stressors on the relationship between taxon richness and four measures of ecosystem function. The relationship was generally positive, with the slope becoming steeper as the number of stressors increased, suggesting that exposure to multiple stressors exacerbates impacts of biodiversity loss on ecosystem function. Multiple stressor effects on both taxon richness and ecosystem functions were largely predictable from individual stressor effects, although antagonistic effects on ecosystem functions emerged in 14% of the considered cases. The type of stressor and ecosystem function, along with taxonomic group, exerted no influence on the BEF relationship, contrary to our expectations. Microbial production and biomass declined most strongly in response to stressors, despite notable variability. Overall, our findings imply that functional consequences of freshwater biodiversity loss are more severe under multifaceted environmental change than previously assumed.

Habitat suitability assessment for hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) conservation using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis in Ethiopia’s Southern Rift Valley - Samuel Oyda Oka; Zewdneh Tomass; Serekebirhan Takele; Aberham Megaze; Jisan Kebede Kano (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)

Optimizing effort for profit and sustainability: a bioeconomic and environmental evaluation of the Namibian hake fishery - Tomas Nalukaku; Laurine Mule Mueni; Mary Opeyemi Adebote; George Darko; Olumide Samuel Olowe; Anna-Marie Namboga; Kabiru Muhammad; Radek Gebauer; Ewumi Azeez Folorunso (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
The Namibian hake fishery plays an essential role in both the national economy and marine biodiversity conservation. However, recent reports of declining catch volumes and profitability have raised concerns over the biological and economic sustainability of fishery. This study analyzes a 24-year dataset (2000-2024) using the Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomic model to assess sustainability, with a focus on defining Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Maximum Economic Yield (MEY), and associated effort thresholds for two vessel types: wet-fish (DW) and freezer vessels (DF). In addition, using multivariate regression, we assessed the influence of environmental drivers, such as sea surface and bottom temperature anomalies, gear depth, haul duration, number of hauls, and spatial distribution. Haul duration was the only significant predictor (β = –69,179; p = 0.014), while bottom and surface temperature, mean gear depth, latitude, and number of hauls were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). The bioeconomic model outcome reveals a long-term decline of catch and CPUE trends, with historical lows recorded in 2024. The model’s estimated overall MSY was 132,832 tonnes with an EMSY (Ecosystem-based Maximum Sustainable Yield) of 53,534 hours, while MEY and EMEY (Ecosystem-based Maximum Economic Yield) were 125,413 tonnes and 38,188 hours, respectively. However, with the actual effort levels exceeding these thresholds, the findings suggest potential overexploitation and reduced economic efficiency. About 44% of the variance in catch by DF trawlers were explained by the bottom temperature model (R² = 0.44, Adj. R² = 0.37, p = 0.008). However, univariate relationships should be interpreted cautiously and primarily as exploratory patterns. Spatially, higher CPUE clusters were recorded between latitudes 24°S–28°S and at depths of 300–400 m. The economic assessments from 2018 and 2023 showed negative profitability when only hake revenue was considered, with breakeven prices increasing due to operational costs. However, profitability was attainable with the inclusion of ancillary revenues such as by-catch sales and quota leasing. Our study identifies the need to align fishing efforts with MEY to improve sustainability and economic returns. Long-term resilience of the hake fishery under changing climate can be achieved through stock rebuilding, adaptation to environmental variability, and implementation of cost-effective strategies.

Life history traits of Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) on pig and rabbit substrates in the Northern Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso - David Zongo; Samuel Fogné Drabo; Théodore Yinbyada Ouedraogo; Rahim Romba; Prisca Pare; Antoine Waongo; Fousséni Traore; Olivier Gnankine (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2025)

Revisiting the question: When is a centromere not a kinetochore? - Samuel Corless; Gokilavani Thangavel; Sylvia Erhardt (Chromosome Research, 2025)
Centromeres have been the focus of extensive research for almost a century, so it may come as a surprise that a consistent definition and nomenclature for these structures remains elusive. In recent times, centromeric chromatin is most frequently defined by the presence of nucleosomes containing the H3 variant CENP-A and is typically synonymous with the site of the inner-kinetochore. However, crucial mammalian centromere proteins including CENP-B and INCENP have well defined distributions that show very little overlap with CENP-A. Additional protein localisations spanning the primary constriction or forming a band below CENP-A chromatin have been reported. Together, these observations suggest a complex and multi-layered chromatin organisation that is not well served by the canonical dichotomy of ‘centromeric’ and ‘pericentromeric’ chromatin. Strikingly, this is not a new observation but was made soon after the discovery of CENP proteins, including in a 1991 publication titled ‘When is the centromere not a kinetochore?’. Here we revisit this question, which has become more pertinent following technical innovations in long-read sequencing and super-resolution microscopy. We present a model of centromere organisation for monocentromeres that incorporates additional complexity. We then use this model to reconceptualise diverse centromere forms in other eukaryotes including regional centromeres, holocentromeres and centromeres that lack key proteins including CENP-A. In this way, we hope to move towards a unified understanding of centromeric chromatin.

Think FAST: Applying citizen science to survey the ecological status of fish assemblages in the Côte d’Azur - ISAAC BEBER; FLORENCE LACROSSE; PATRICE FRANCOUR; DAMIEN ELOIRE; SAMUEL JEGLOT (Mediterranean Marine Science, 2025)
Fish assemblages are vital for the functioning of Mediterranean coastal ecosystems, yet they have long been overexploited by recreational and professional fishing. In response to this overexploitation, No-take Zones (NTZs) have been applied, resulting in significant conservation benefits. This study, conducted by citizen scientists and members of the scientific community in the north-western (NW) Mediterranean Sea, investigated spatial trends in fish assemblages targeted by small scale and recreational fisheries using the Fish Assemblage Survey Technique (FAST). A total of 1356 fifteen-minute replicate counts, corresponding to 452 hours in the water over a six-year period (2018 – 2023) were analyzed. Results indicated that the ecological status of fish assemblages were spatially dependent, where poor fish assemblage health was observed at dive sites situated in the Lérins Islands, highlighting an area of conservation priority. NTZs were associated with a higher presence of small (p

Computer-aided design process of possible antisickling agents using molecular docking, pharmacokinetic assessment, homology modeling, and molecular dynamic studies targeting Hba protein - Stephen Ejeh; Habiba Asipita Otaru; Muhammad Tukur Ibrahim; Abdullahi Bello Umar; John Enyi Ejeh; Abduljelil Ajala; Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara; Ramith Ramu; Fabian Audu Ugbe; Joshua John; Idongesit Bassey Anweting (In Silico Pharmacology, 2025)

Critical dilution curves for phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur along with relationships to nitrogen for major crops - Mario Fontana; Gilles Bélanger; Ignacio Ciampitti; Noura Ziadi; Thomas Guillaume; Samuel Steiner; Luca Bragazza (Plant and Soil, 2025)
Background and Aims The concept of crop nutrient dilution with increasing shoot biomass as plant ages, initially developed for nitrogen (N), has been extended to other major nutrients such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S). Published critical dilution curves for P, K, and S are presented in this review paper along with a discussion on i) their stability across combinations of genotype, environment, and management (G × E × M); ii) the influence of N on P, K, and S critical dilution curves along with the implications for the relationships between nutrients; and iii) practical implications and future research perspectives. Results The study of P dilution is more advanced than that of K and S and the published critical P dilution curves suggest more stability across G × E × M situations for maize than for potatoes. Data, however, are lacking to refine the critical dilution curves for P, K, and S along with determining their universality or domain of applicability. The crop N status has been shown to affect the critical curves of P, K, and S. Conversely, N status appears to be similarly affected by K status, poorly by P status and unaffected by S status, though more data are necessary to confirm this. Conclusion Overall, the strong interaction between nutrients and the need to consider them when developing critical dilution curves is highlighted. Critical dilution curves of P, K, and S offer new opportunities for the efficient analysis of co-limitations and diagnosis of multi-element crop nutrition. The universality or domain of applicability of those critical dilution curves, their theoretical framework, and their practical field applications remain to be clarified.

The coupled oxygen and carbon dynamics in the subsurface waters of the Gulf and Lower St. Lawrence Estuary and implications for artificial oxygenation - William A. Nesbitt; Samuel W. Stevens; Alfonso O. Mucci; Lennart Gerke; Toste Tanhua; Gwénaëlle Chaillou; Douglas W. R. Wallace (Ocean Science, 2025)
The Gulf and Lower St. Lawrence Estuary have experienced major environmental change over the past century, including the development of hypoxic bottom waters and their simultaneous warming and acidification. Here, we use biogeochemical observations collected during the 2021–2023 TReX project as well as historical data, integrated with a tracer-calibrated 1D Advection-Diffusion model with variable boundary conditions to represent dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics within the core of the oxygen minimum zone (27.15–27.3 kg m−3 isopycnals) of the Laurentian Channel. The rate of in-channel oxygen utilization in the deep layer was nearly invariant from 2003 to 2023 at 21.1 ± 2.5 µmol kg−1 yr−1 and the DIC accumulation rate was estimated to be 18.3 ± 2.5 µmol kg−1 yr−1. Using δ13CDIC data, we assess the effect of microbial organic matter remineralization processes and dilution of the 13CDIC pool (-6.6×10-3 ‰ µmol−1 of added metabolic DIC). This combination of long-term observations and tracer-informed transport modeling helps reconcile differences in prior estimates of biogeochemical transformation rates and improves our ability to predict deepwater DO and DIC cycling. Finally, we apply the model to the mitigation scenario proposed by Wallace et al. (2023) for artificial re-oxygenation of the Laurentian Channel bottom waters using pure oxygen. We estimate that the injection of ∼ 8.3 × 105 t yr−1 of oxygen, equivalent to an additional 55 µmol kg−1 relative to the 2023 boundary concentration proximal to the Cabot Strait, would be required to achieve and maintain above hypoxic levels (>62.5 µmol kg−1) at the head of the Laurentian Channel. Using the model, we estimate the time required to re-establish steady-state along-channel distributions of DO and DIC following a change in offshore boundary conditions to be about 10 years, or twice the along-channel transit time. This study provides new long-term characterizations of deepwater DO and DIC cycling and offers a first-order assessment of the feasibility of large-scale re-oxygenation in the Gulf and Lower St. Lawrence Estuary.

Editorial: Impacts of climate change on seaweeds - Christopher E. Cornwall; Denisa M. Berbece; Caitlin O. Blain; Maggie D. Johnson; Samuel Starko (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)

Quantifying the impact of fleet turnover on electric vehicle uptake in Europe - Gabriel Möring-Martínez; Murat Senzeybek; Samuel Hasselwander; Stephan Schmid (Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2025)

Development of a Safety-Assessed Media Ingredient (SAMI) framework for streamlined safety assessment of cultivated meat and seafood products - Kimberly J. Ong; Kora Kukk; Dean Joel Powell; Wei Ning Chen; Samuel Goh; Jo Anne Shatkin (Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2025)

Establishing a suberin tool kit for determining suberization within classical and ‘orphan’ tissues - Justin B. Nichol; Lorena S. Yeung; Mark A. Bernards; Marcus A. Samuel (Trends in Plant Science, 2025)

Urban cold stress assessment using computational fluid dynamics and universal thermal climate index: A case study of Gwacheon City, South Korea - Jaekyoung Kim; Samuel Park; Seungkwon Jung; Gunwon Lee (Sustainable Cities and Society, 2025)

Vertical dynamics of soil organic carbon sequestration under contrasting groundwater table levels after 35-year straw return - Shuai Liu; Yue Dong; Milton Halder; Samuel Adingo; Lichu Yin; Hu. Zhou; Yan Ma; Xinhua Peng (Soil and Tillage Research, 2025)

Indirect experiences and storm risk perceptions: Case study – Texas, United States - Himanshu Grover; Arnold Vedlitz; Samuel Brody; Kayode O. Atoba; Carol Goldsmith; Rotem Dvir (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Interplay between temperature and redox conditions regulates wetland biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions - Long Ho; Kim Pham; Andries Debognies; Samuel Bodé; Pieter Vermeir; Pascal Boeckx; Jo De Vrieze; Peter Goethals (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Seasonal quantification of aquatic macrophytes in small boreal lakes with multiscale remote sensing - Pauli Putkiranta; Sari Juutinen; Aleksi Räsänen; Jack Chapman; Samuel Haverinen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Anton Kuzmin; Mika Aurela; Timo Kumpula; Tarmo Virtanen (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Microplastic contamination in urban groundwater: Risk assessment, citizen perception and policy imperatives – a case study of Kozhikode City, Kerala State, India - S. Sruthy; A. Navaneeth; K.Ch.V Naga Kumar; K.C. Jesni; M.B. Binish; Mahesh Mohan; U. Surendran; P.S. Harikumar; Manoj P. Samuel (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Ecological and carcinogenic risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in rangelands and croplands around Lake Junin (Peru): Integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and land cover segmentation - Samuel Pizarro; Edilson Requena-Rojas; Elgar Barboza; Eunice Peña-Elme; Alberto Arias-Arredondo; Dennis Ccopi (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Assessing the impact of small-scale mining activities on land use land cover and the sustainability of mining practices in Ghana: A case of the Atiwa East district - Samuel Kofi Mensah; Emmanuel Kwesi Nyantakyi; Gifty Serwaa Mensah; Ebenezer K. Siabi; Nana Osei Bonsu Ackerson; Prince Antwi-Agyei; Peter Donkor; Sarah Elikplim Siabi (Resources Policy, 2025)

Negotiating compensation in Ghana's mining sector: Community valuer's selection dynamics and governance implications - Joseph Kwaku Kidido; Benjamin Avurinyinbiik Ajabuin; Samuel Kumi (Resources Policy, 2025)

Informal artisanal and small-scale mining in sub-saharan Africa: Policy evolution, sector formalization, and future trajectories - Peter Donkor; Ebenezer Kwadwo Siabi; Samuel Kofi Mensah; Kwasi Frimpong; Christopher Vuu; Emmanuel Kwesi Nyantakyi; Elikplim Sarah Siabi; Albright Boachie- Ameyaw (Resources Policy, 2025)

Volatile organic compounds released by chitosan formulations present diverse chemical composition and produce differential effects on postharvest pathogens - Samuel Álvarez-García; Ilaria D’Isita; Onofrio Marco Pistillo; Marwa Moumni; Giacinto Salvatore Germinara; Gianfranco Romanazzi (Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2025)

Ex vivo assessment of potential Eucalyptus cinerea antihypertensive - Daniela Yusbizareth Rodriguez-Jimenez; Samuel Enoch Estrada-Soto; Luis Arias-Duran; Gabriela Maria Avila-Villarreal (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

ChromAnnot – a webserver for reproducible LC-HRMS/MS chromatogram annotation - Samuel Bertrand; Jean-Marie Mottu; Catherine Roullier; Yann Guitton (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Chemical ecology in marine fungi: diversity and dynamics of pyran-2-ones in a mussel- derived Penicillium restrictum - Van-Tuyen Le; Thibaut Robiou du Pont; Fabrice Fleury; Emmanuel Gentil; Gregory Genta- Jouve; Laurence Meslet-Cladière; Samuel Bertrand; Olivier Grovel (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Screening of Nettle Clones with the Ph Eur HPTLC method for identification testing - Evelyn Wolfram; Valentina Kremenovica; Samuel Peter; Marianne Leupin; Corinna Urmann (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Molecular interactions in the ocean microbiome: tracking fungal metabolites modifying Prorocentrum lima physiology and toxin production - Olivier Grovel; Olivier Berry; Fabienne Herve; Simon Tanniou; Ruth Julianna Gutierrez; Enora Briand; Samuel Bertrand (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Corrigendum to “The search for small intrusions of the Stepnyak gold-bearing type within the Akmola region of Kazakhstan: A multi-geophysical technique and unmanned aerial vehicle approach” [Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 140, (October 2025), 103988 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2025.103988] - Aliya Maussymbayeva; Gulzada Umirova; Strukova Polina; Aigerim Abdullina; Tileuberdi Nurbol; Samuel Nunoo (Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2025)

The search for small intrusions of the Stepnyak gold-bearing type within the Akmola region of Kazakhstan: A multi-geophysical technique and unmanned aerial vehicle approach - Aliya Maussymbayeva; Gulzada Umirova; Strukova Polina; Aigerim Abdullina; Nurbol Tileuberdi; Samuel Nunoo (Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2025)

Pathophysiological assessment of trypanocidal activities of ethanolic leaf extract and fractions of Azadirachta indica on infected experimental model - Nnodim, Nnedinma Nancy; Okafor Fabian; Ebiziem, Chukwuma Joseph; Samuel, Monday Dadi (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Natural product biosynthesis regulation in fungi. What can system biology tells us? - Delphine Nègre; Abdelhalim Larlhimi; Florence Thomas Giraud; Clément Poulain; Samuel Bertrand (Phytochemistry Letters, 2025)

Integrating multi-level approaches to assess blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) responses to short-term temperature and salinity changes - Colleen Guinle; Ridho Wiranda Gurning; Clément Baratange; Bruno Cognie; Aurélie Mossion; Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin; Samuel Bertrand; Grégory Montiel; Laurence Poirier; Paul Déléris; Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux (Marine Environmental Research, 2025)

Exposure to low levels of hexavalent chromium in drinking water alters diet-induced steatotic liver disease in male rats - Gabrielle Griffin; Morgan E. Delnicki; Haiyan Lu; Idoia Meaza; Aggie Williams; Samuel T. Vielee; Oluwanifemi Esther Bolatimi; Rachel M. Wise; Rui Liu; J. Calvin Kouokam; Sandra S. Wise; John Pierce Wise; et al. (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2025)

Oropharyngeal aspiration of particulate hexavalent chromium increases chromium levels in lung and liver, and induces essential metal dyshomeostasis in lung, liver, and blood - Idoia Meaza; Jamie L. Wise; Sandra S. Wise; Haiyan Lu; Aggie R. Williams; Morgan Delnicki; Jack Easley; J. Calvin Kouokam; John Pierce Wise; Samuel T. Vielee; James T.F. Wise; Rachel M. Wise; et al. (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2025)

Corrigendum to “An optimal network that promotes the spread of an advantageous variant in an SIR epidemic”. [J. Theor. Biol. 605 (2025) 112095] - Samuel Lopez; Natalia L. Komarova (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

Influence of cristobalite and diktytaxitic textures on the physical properties of submarine rhyolite lavas from Havre volcano (Kermadec volcanic arc, Pacific Ocean) - Michael J. Heap; Samuel J. Mitchell; Rebecca J. Carey; Alexandra R.L. Kushnir (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2025)

Association Between Household Food Security, Dietary Quality and Breastfeeding Duration: An Analysis of NHANES 2015-2018 - S. Samuel; R. Mathews; J. Komakech; M. Yang (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Sex- & age-selectivity in rural-urban migration in northern Sweden 1900–2019 - Samuel Sundvall (Journal of Rural Studies, 2025)

Interpersonal information drives intentional change in smallholder farmers' adoption of sustainable land management technologies - Takeshi Abe; Atsushi Tsunekawa; Nigussie Haregeweyn; Mitsuru Tsubo; Ayele Almaw Fenta; Zerihun Nigussie; Nigus Tadesse; Samuel Berihun Kassa; Zena Tessema Terefe; Amare Wodaju (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

How urban green space typologies and attributes influence avifauna in rapidly urbanizing Afrotropical cities - Panshak Solomon Kumdet; Grace Pam; Samuel Terstese Ivande; Ulf Ottosson; Filibus Danjuma Dami (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Small dams for climate Adaptation: Evidence from Ghana's one-village-one-dam program for water security and agro-pastoral resilience in semi-arid Africa - Mustapha Yakubu Madaki; Ayat Ullah; Samuel Ahado; Sylvester Amoako Agyemang; Tulasi Oliver Kofi; Dietrich Darr; Miroslava Bavorova (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

The moderating role of financial institution development in the technological innovation and carbon emissions relationship: An effect size perspective - Samuel Amponsah Odei; Samuel Adomako (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Characterization of perchlorate desorption and regeneration of the highly selective ion-exchange resin A530E using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydroxide, and choline chloride - Diana Muñoz-Arango; Diego F. Montaño; Nicolas Veloso-Cid; Felipe Torres-Rojas; Roberto I. Canales; Mauricio Isaacs; Samuel A. Hevia; Ignacio T. Vargas (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Redox-active Fe-modified MnMg layered double hydroxide for highly efficient arsenic removal: Dual oxidation-adsorption mechanisms - Fei Chai; Samuel Kolog Badazabra; Feiping Zhao; Xu Yan; Qingwei Wang; Xiaobo Min; Liyuan Chai (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Oxygen-doped Ag3SbS3 with the hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transformation for efficient reduction of organic and hexavalent chromium pollutants - Kening Xiang; Haoyu Wang; Tao Liu; Cuizhu Li; Zhengjie Su; Pengkun Zhang; Dong-Hau Kuo; Samuel Ndaghiya Adawara; Dongfang Lu; Jinguo Lin; Xiaoyun Chen (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Paleo weathering effect on detrital composition of Adigrat sandstone from Ogaden Basin and Kella area, Ethiopia: Insight for reservoir quality prediction - Yakob Dea; Solomon Kassa; Daniel Meshesha; Samuel Getnet (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Microscopic and macroscopic failure mechanisms in sintered soda-lime glass spheres used as sandstone surrogates” [Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 192 (2025) 106124] - Brett S. Kuwik; Max Daud; Gangmin (Jacob) Kim; Aidan Looney; Samuel Budoff; Mohmad M. Thakur; Ryan C. Hurley (International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2025)

Coastal gullies formed by piping on a permafrost marine terrace near Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay), Nunavut, Canada - Samuel Gagnon; Stéphanie Coulombe; David Didier; Samuel Binette; Gwénaëlle Chaillou; Barret Kurylyk; Ivorson Maksagak; Joseph Evetalegak (Geomorphology, 2025)

A Late Glacial and Holocene sugar biomarker-based δ18O paleoclimate record from the Afro-alpine Central Lake, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia - Samuel G. Chernet; Lucas Bittner; Graciela Gil-Romera; Bruk Lemma; Marcel Bliedtner; Roland Zech; Bruno Glaser; Tobias Bromm; Sönke Szidat; Wolfgang Zech; Michael Zech (Global and Planetary Change, 2025)

Phanerozoic evolution of Fennoscandia: Evidence from apatite fission track, fluid flow and geodynamic data in Finland and Estonia - Ilmo T. Kukkonen; Barry Kohn; Kalle Kirsimäe; Argo Jõeleht; Ling Chung; Malcolm McMillan; Samuel Boone; Andy Gleadow (Gondwana Research, 2025)

Solubility of NaCl in water vapor at 400–700 °C - Sigríður María Aðalsteinsdóttir; Guðmundur Sverrisson; Samuel Warren Scott; Erlend Straume; Adolph M. Bravo; Andri Stefánsson (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Silica solubility and molecular speciation in water vapor at 400–800 °C - Andri Stefánsson; Samuel W. Scott; Anna B. Bjarkadóttir; Adolph Jr. Manadao Bravo; Sigríður M. Aðalsteinsdóttir; Erlend Straume; Kono H. Lemke (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Agricultural landscapes impede woodland ground-dwelling beetle colonisation and establishment in planted woodlands - Samuel P. Rogerson; Ben A. Woodcock; Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor; Kevin Watts; Emily H. Waddell; Matt Guy; Ian Hayward; Kirsty J. Park (Forest Ecology and Management, 2025)

Novel tool for assessing food safety and environmental health applying effective atomic number (Zeff) - Samuel A. Pérez-Espinoza; Ricardo O. Barra; José Y. Neira; Carlos L. Cespedes-Acuña (Food Bioscience, 2025)

Physicochemical and functional comparison of food-grade and precision-fermented bovine lactoferrin - Jonathan Cavallo; Jared Raynes; Samuel Mandacaru; Deepa Agarwal; Lloyd Condict; Stefan Kasapis (Food Hydrocolloids, 2025)

Smart technology for public health: reshaping the future of food safety - Jacob Tizhe Liberty; Sabri Bromage; Endurance Peter; Olivia C. Ihedioha; Fatemah B. Alsalman; Tochukwu Samuel Odogwu (Food Control, 2025)

Impact of organic acid treatment on the microbial community composition of raw beef during extended refrigerated storage - Samuel C. Watson; Nirosh D. Aluthge; Rebecca A. Furbeck; Samodha C. Fernando; Byron D. Chaves; Gary A. Sullivan (Food Microbiology, 2025)

Biobío river freshwater discharge effect on Engraulis ringens early stages transport in the Gulf of Arauco (Chile) using biophysical modeling - Samuel Soto-Mendoza; Odette A. Vergara; Vincent Echevin; Leonardo Castro; Luis A. Cubillos; Marcus Sobarzo (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

A fully-resolved micromechanical simulation of piping erosion during a suction bucket installation - Samuel Kemmler; Pablo Cuéllar; Antoni Artinov; Li-Hua Luu; Abbas Farhat; Pierre Philippe; Christoph Rettinger; Harald Köstler (Computers and Geotechnics, 2025)

Can Ahiflower® (Buglossoides arvensis) seed-oil supplementation help overcome the adverse effects of imidacloprid in honey bees? - Hichem A. Menail; Samuel Robichaud; Robert Cormier; Arianne Blanchard; Florence Hunter-Manseau; Adèle Léger; Simon G. Lamarre; Nicolas Pichaud (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2025)

Updating legacy soil maps through digital delineation of homogeneous land units based on soil formation factors: Experiences from Portugal - Samuel Guerreiro; Pedro Arsénio; Vasco Florentino; Manuel Madeira (CATENA, 2025)

Opportunities for biomass valorisation through sorption-enhanced gasification: assessing environmental and economic aspects on biochar production - Nuria Goldaraz-Salamero; Lorenzo Baima; Samuel Moles; Jorge Sierra-Pérez; Isabel Martínez; Ramón Murillo; Filippo Brun; Simone Blanc (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

Revolutionizing bioenergy production: a review on sustainable biomass feedstock - Emmanuel Boafo Baidoo; Samuel Kofi Tulashie; Enoch Mbawin Alale; Caleb Addai Munumkum; Desmond Acquah; Philip Quasi Agudah; Philomina Adams Asante (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025)

All or nothing? The importance of considering partial dieback for tree responses to fire - William A. Hoffmann; Samuel W. Flake; Giselda Durigan (Trees, 2025)
Key message We introduce an approach to studying partial crown dieback that accounts for height profiles of bark thickness and stem vulnerability to fire, resulting in improved modeling of biomass loss. Abstract Fire mediates tree cover in savannas by causing topkill, typically represented as a binary process in which the whole stem either survives or dies, overlooking losses of foliage and branches from partial canopy dieback. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an approach that focuses on conditional probabilities of dieback of stems and branches, which we demonstrate with a Brazilian savanna tree. We quantified the probability of branch death as a function of bark thickness and height above ground, to parameterize a model of tree architecture for simulating aerial biomass losses under scenarios of differing fire intensity, maximum tree height, and investment in bark. The study population experienced a 43% loss of stem biomass when exposed to a prescribed fire, but the traditional all-or-nothing approach that ignores partial dieback accounts for only half of this loss. Simulations show that, in absolute terms, the traditional approach more substantially underestimates carbon losses in severe fires, but in relative terms, the underestimation is greater in mild fires. A benefit–cost analysis revealed that the observed investment in bark more closely matches the predicted optimal investment when we account for partial dieback. In scenarios of low fire intensity or taller tree stature, the model predicts lower investment in bark, compared to the default scenario. We introduce the concept of bark safety margin, which quantifies the relative protection afforded by bark in the main stem and branches. This study thus demonstrates the importance of considering partial stem dieback, in addition to offering a new approach for quantifying this dieback.

Phylogenomics and age estimation for Sri Lankan Piper (Piperaceae) species using genotyping-by-sequencing - Bhathiya Gopallawa; Dominik Metschina; Anushka M. Wickramasuriya; Luiz A. Cauz-Santos; Nilni A. Wimalarathna; Gudasalamani Ravikanth; Mark W. Chase; Rosabelle Samuel; Deepthi Yakandawala (Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2025)

AI-integrated metabolomics maps functional divergence of microbial consortia in field-grown maize - Musiwalo Samuel Mulaudzi; Lerato Pertunia Nephali; Fidele Tugizimana (Plant Cell Reports, 2025)
Key message The study provides actionable insights into modes of action of the three microbial biostimulants on maize plants under field conditions. The postulated framework indicates a divergence model involving (i) photoprotection, structural reinforcement, and defense priming, (ii) systemic metabolic reprograming for growth and defense, and (iii) hormonal signalling modulation for stress response. These insights offer a data-driven blueprint for the next generation of sustainable, effective, and field-ready bioformulations. Abstract Microbial consortia are currently recognized as a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture due to their ability to enhance plant growth, improve soil health, and mitigate environmental stresses. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms governing these beneficial effects on crops under field conditions remain poorly understood, and differential effects due to different microbial formulations are enigmatic. This study, therefore, aims to unravel the metabolic alterations, in maize plants, induced by three microbial biostimulants, under field conditions at different growth stages. Leaves from biostimulant-treated and untreated control maize plants were harvested at different time points. Metabolites were extracted using methanol. The extracts were analyzed on LC–MS/MS system. Computational metabolomics workflows and AI-driven strategies such as molecular networking and machine learning methods (PCA and OPLS-DA) were applied to mine and interpret spectral data. Machine learning models revealed the common and unique significant metabolites among the consortia at the vegetative stage. One of the key findings was that hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives are the discriminatory metabolites differentiating the effects of the three microbial consortia on maize plants. Moreover, the results showed that consortia application significantly impacted primary and secondary maize metabolism, reprogramming biological pathways such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. These pathways are associated with plant defense, priming and development. Thus, this study sheds light on the complex molecular interactions between maize and microbial biostimulants under real-world conditions. It reveals that distinct microbial formulations differentially influence plant metabolism by reprogramming defense- and growth-related pathways. These actionable insights establish a foundational framework for functionally characterizing microbial consortia and pave the way for the rational design of next generation biostimulants tailored to specific crop needs and growth stages.

Predicting Food Effect On Oral Drug Absorption For Solubility-Epithelial Membrane Permeation-Limited Cases With Bile Micelle Solubilization - Yuji Higashiguchi; Shiori Ishida; Samuel Lee; Balint Sinko; Karl Box; Kiyohiko Sugano (Pharmaceutical Research, 2025)
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the theoretical and in vitro experimental prediction of food effects on oral drug absorption, focusing on solubility-epithelial membrane permeation-limited cases (SL-E). Method Bosentan, fidaxomicin, pranlukast, and rifaximin were employed as model SL-E drugs. Celecoxib and danazol were employed as solubility-unstirred water layer permeation-limited cases (SL-U) for comparison. Theoretical predictions of food effects were based on the rate-limiting steps of the fraction of a dose absorbed ( Fa ) (FaRLS) (Fa rate-limiting step). μFLUX was used as a dissolution-permeation flux ( J μFLUX ) experiment. Fasted and fed state simulated intestinal fluids (FaSSIF and FeSSIF, respectively) were employed as the donor solution. Results For all SL-E drugs, the food effect on Fa was theoretically predicted to be 1.2, irrespective of bile micelle solubilization (FaSSIF/FeSSIF: bosentan (2.1), fidaxomicin (2.3), pranlukast (9.1), and rifaximin (3.5)). Theoretically, an increase in solubility by bile micelles is counterbalanced by a decrease in effective permeability ( P eff ) due to a decrease in the free fraction ( P eff is defined based on unbound + bound drug concentration ( C D )). This prediction was consistent with the clinical data (fed/fasted AUC ratio: 1.1, 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6, respectively). In μFlux, even though C D was markedly higher in FeSSIF than in FaSSIF (1.9, 3.1, 20, and 3.3-fold, respectively), J μFLUX was less enhanced (0.91, 0.81, 2.4, and 0.81-fold, respectively). For the SL-U drugs, as theoretically expected, J μFLUX was increased as C D was increased, which was consistent with the clinical data. Conclusion FaRLS appropriately predicted the food effect for the SL-E drugs. The mechanism was experimentally confirmed by μFlux.

Sequential administration of febuxostat and vitamin E protects against testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibition of sperm DNA damage in Wistar rats - Richard Adedamola Ajike; Oladele Ayobami Afolabi; Babatunde Adebola Alabi; Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi; Olubunmi Simeon Oyekunle; Sodiq Kolawole Lawal; Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede; Okot-Asi Nku-Ekpang; Oluwaseun Samuel Hezekiah; Opeyemi Sodiq Hammed (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)

Caspase-independent cell death in lung cancer: from mechanisms to clinical applications - Gaurav Gupta; Vijaya Paul Samuel; Rekha M. M.; Bindu Rani; Y. Sasikumar; Priya Priyadarshini Nayak; Puneet Sudan; Kavita Goyal; Brian G. Oliver; Amlan Chakraborty; Kamal Dua (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2025)
Caspase-independent cell death (CICD) has recently become a very important mechanism in lung cancer, in particular, to overcome a critical failure in apoptotic cell death that is common to disease progression and treatment failures. The pathways involved in CICD span from necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy-mediated cell death. Its potential therapeutic applications have been recently highlighted. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition-driven ferroptosis has overcome drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, necroptosis involving RIPK1 and RIPK3 causes tumor cell death and modulation of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mitochondrial pathways are critical for CICD through modulation of metabolic and redox homeostasis. Ferroptosis is amplified by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in lung cancer cells, and mitochondrial depolarization induces oxidative stress and leads to cell death. In addition, mitochondria-mediated autophagy, or mitophagy, results in the clearance of damaged organelles under stress conditions, while this function is also linked to CICD when dysregulated. The role of cell death through autophagy regulated by ATG proteins and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is dual: to suppress tumor and to sensitize cells to therapy. A promising approach to enhancing therapeutic outcomes involves targeting mechanisms of CICD, including inducing ferroptosis by SLC7A11 inhibition, modulating mitochondrial ROS generation, or combining inhibition of autophagy with chemotherapy. Here, we review the molecular underpinnings of CICD, particularly on mitochondrial pathways and their potential to transform lung cancer treatment.

Rhodanine-benzamides as potential hits for α-amylase enzyme inhibitors and radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavengers - Samuel Attah Egu; Irfan Ali; Khalid Mohammed Khan; Sridevi Chigurupati; Urooj Qureshi; Uzma Salar; Zaheer Ul-Haq; Suliman A. Almahmoud; Shatha Ghazi Felemban; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Taha (Molecular Diversity, 2025)

Efficacy and safety of Mirikizumab in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis - Joel Gabin Konlack Mekontso; Joseph Yvan Bena Nnang; Samuel G. J. Fodop; Bishoy I. B. Elkoumes; Guy Loic Nguefang Tchoukeu; Anifatou B. Kortim; Ticha B. T. Tembi; Akil Olliverre; Jarin Prasa; John Trillo (Inflammopharmacology, 2025)

Testing bioregionalization hypotheses of the Brazilian coast using phylogeography of marine mites - Almir Rogério Pepato; Brenda Karolina Gomes-Almeida; Teofania Heloisa Dutra Amorim Vidigal; Samuel Geremias dos Santos Costa; Pavel Borisovich Klimov (Hydrobiologia, 2025)

Vertical distribution of free and multi-fraction environmental DNA in a controlled aquatic system: insights into dispersal dynamics and sampling implications - Vilmar Biernaski; Nathieli Cozer; Aline Horodesky; Paula Valeska Stica; André Olivotto Agostinis; Adriano Diniz Baldissera; Andréia Ramos Soares Szortyka; Otto Samuel Mäder Neto; Marcio Roberto Pie; Antonio Ostrensky; Giorgi Dal Pont (Hydrobiologia, 2025)

Swelling Pressure Control in Expansive Soil–Lime Mixtures: Influence of Porosity and Lime Content - Carina Silvani; Samuel Gadelha Guimarães; Izabelle Marie Trindade Bezerra; Alisson do Nascimento Lima; Vitor Braga de Azevedo; Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho; Nilo Cesar Consoli (Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2025)

Associations Between Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Disability Among Akwesasne Mohawk Adults - Thoin F. Begum; Gayle Morse; David O. Carpenter; Samuel C. Byrne; Dedra Buchwald (Exposure and Health, 2025)

Climate Consideration in Environmental Effects Analyses on Federal Public Lands in the United States - Sarah E. Whipple; Sarah K. Carter; Tait K. Rutherford; Samuel E. Jordan; Richard J. Lehrter; Christopher T. Domschke; Megan A. Gilbert; Julian Reyes; Ella M. Samuel; Karen M. Schank; John C. Tull; David J. A. Wood (Environmental Management, 2025)

A data-intensive framework for evaluating ecological and human health impacts of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the mining-endemic region of Singida, Tanzania - Raymond Webrah Kazapoe; Benatus Norbert Mvile; John Desderius Kalimenze; Daniel Kwayisi; Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah; Samuel Dzidefo Sagoe; Obed Fiifi Fynn; Portia Annabelle Opoku (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2025)

The Circular Economy in Aquaculture and Fisheries: Enhancing Sustainability and Food Security - Samuel Ayeh Osei; Christian Larbi Ayisi; Grace Afumwaa Boamah; Gertrude Dzifa Mensah (Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2025)

Minimal Risk Doses of Cadmium Exposure Induce Histological and Functional Alterations in the Brown Adipose Tissue of Wistar Rats - Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega; David Castillo-Pérez; Diana Moroni-González; Alfonso Diaz; Rubén Vázquez-Roque; Eduardo Brambila; Samuel Treviño (Biological Trace Element Research, 2025)
Cadmium exposure, even at doses currently regarded as minimal risk, has been associated with significant metabolic alterations. While its effects on organs such as the liver, kidney, and pancreas have been widely studied, its impact on brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral Cd exposure (15 and 32 ppm) over subacute, subchronic, and chronic periods on BAT functionality and structure in Wistar rats (n = 90). A metabolic, toxicological, and hormonal profile, as well as histology, expression of leptin, PPARγ, PPARα, and UCP-1, and mitochondrial complexes activity, were assessed and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test for quantitative and semiquantitative data. The results revealed progressive metabolic dysfunction, liver and renal impairment, increased free T3, and BAT dysfunction characterized by hypertrophy, downregulation of UCP-1 and PPARα, and disorganization of mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes. These findings suggest a defect in BAT function and loss of its thermogenic capacity. In conclusion, results demonstrate that chronic Cd exposure induces mitochondrial toxic effects by impairing the function of brown adipose tissue and promoting the development of metabolic diseases, even under exposure levels considered to be of minimal risk.

Altered Behavioural Response of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on Tomato Associated with Biocontrol Plants - Cliven Njekete; Albane Noël; Samuel Matsinhe; Xavier Fernandez; Caroline Djian-Caporalino; Anne-Violette Lavoir (Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2025)
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci , is a significant pest in tomato production, causing extensive damage and economic losses. In pursuing sustainable pest management strategies, this study investigates the deterrent effects of Tagetes species ( T. erecta , T. patula , and T. minuta ) and Crotalaria juncea on B. tabaci settlement and oviposition on tomato plants. Two free dual-choice experimental setups were conducted in a climate-controlled chamber. The study confirmed the efficacy of the experimental setup, with similar B. tabaci dispersion and oviposition on the sides with tomato plants alone. When Tagetes or C. juncea was introduced, a significant reduction in B. tabaci settlement and oviposition was observed compared to the tomato control side. To identify the modes of action of the companion plants on B. tabaci , a follow-up experiment, modifying the spatial arrangement of the plants, was set up to discriminate between physical barrier and chemical repellent effects. The findings suggest a potential crossing between repellence and barrier effects for Tagetes species when C. juncea acted as a sinkhole, trapping the whiteflies. A DHS-ATD-GC-MS analysis revealed that the repellent effect seems more associated with the composition than the intensity of the blend. Some already known repellent volatile compounds of Tagetes , such as limonene, were identified, but the major ketone compounds must also be tested. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Tagetes and Crotalaria species as biocontrol plants in pest management for tomato production. These plants reduce pest pressure and support sustainable agriculture, offering an alternative to chemical pesticides. Further research should investigate mechanisms, field applications, and broader agroecological benefits.

The role of human presence as social buffer for dairy cattle - Alfredo Di Lucrezia; Samuel Bagnato; Valeria Iervolino; Biagio D’Aniello; Claudia Pinelli; Pietro Lombardi; Maria Elena Pero; Vincenzo Mastellone (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2025)

Distinct mRNA and miRNA responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveal particle-specific adaptive mechanisms to ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO bulk - Monika Damyanov; Martina Kolackova; Vladimira Tarbajova; Zuzana Bytesnikova; Nikola Vintrlikova; Pavel Svec; Jana Pekarkova; Petr Urbis; Jana Havrankova; Samuel Zachej; Dominik Pinkas; Vlada Filimonenko; et al. (Algal Research, 2025)

Delivering nutrient management impact through farmer-centric research: a systematic review of innovation systems in African smallholder systems - Ivan S. Adolwa; Shamie Zingore; James Mutegi; Matthew McNee; Bolaji A. Akorede; Denver Masidza; T. Scott Murrell; Samuel Mathu Ndungu; Eileen Nchanji; Simon Cook; Thomas Oberthür (Agricultural Systems, 2025)

Forged by bones: bonecoal metalworking process in NW Iberia iron age. The case of Borneiro (Galicia, Spain) - Samuel Nión-Álvarez; Clara Veiga-Rilo (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2025)
This paper analyses a metalworking area from the fortified site of A Cidá de Borneiro (Cabana de Bergantiños, Galicia, Spain). It is focused on a bronze and iron workshop (C9-12) where, in addition to abundant metallurgical evidence and production remains, a large number of thermally altered bone fragments have been documented. The present work proposes a multifactorial analysis to understand together these bones within the context of metalworking activities. For this purpose, an archaeological and functional analysis of the workshop is combined with a morphological study of the bone remains. First, a contextual analysis is defined, examining the archaeological evidence in order to define what kind of activities were developed in the area. Concurrently, a macroscopic analysis of the characteristics and conditions of the bones is carried out, with the aim of identifying thermal alteration processes. As will be demonstrated, this research will confirm that the bones were used as part of the operational production sequence, particularly during the hardening process of objects that require a strong and sharp edge. Finally, we will define and examine the characteristics of this technique from a point of view that encompasses both the technical and symbolic dimensions of metalworking.

Dietary phytase and xylanase improves growth performance, intestinal morphometric properties, and metabolic gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - Mustafa Yildiz; Samuel Ofori-Mensah; Shahram Golzar Adabi; Ömer Metin; Vahap Eldem; Victor E. Kaiza; Muhammed Ali Baltacı (Aquaculture International, 2025)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and xylanase enzymes in diets with high plant proteins on growth, nutritional composition, intestinal morphology, and metabolic gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . A total of 900 fish were randomly assigned in triplicates (50 fish weighing 31.61 ± 0.32 g per tank) to each of the 6 experimental diets. Dietary treatments included two positive control (PC) groups: PC1, formulated with 40% fish meal (FM), and PC2, formulated with approximately 60% plant proteins (PPS) and 1% monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The negative control (NC) was prepared with 60% PPS. The other three experimental groups were prepared as follows: PC2 + EPU (6000 EPU xylanase), NC + MIX1 (1500 OTU phytase + 6000 EPU xylanase), NC + MIX2 (3000 OTU phytase + 6000 EPU xylanase). At the end of the experiment, weight gain in PC2 + EPU, NC + MIX1, and NC + MIX2 was significantly increased by 11.30%, 8.22%, and 4.96% compared to PC1, respectively ( P P P SLC4 A11 and ATP1 A3 A , and phospholipid hydrolysis genes PG12 A ( P

Differential and Adjustable Stiffness Leaf Spring Ankle Foot Orthoses Enhance Gait Propulsion and Task Versatility in Cerebral Palsy - Collin D. Bowersock; Emmanuella A. Tagoe; Samuel Hopkins; Shanpu Fang; Zachary F. Lerner (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

Stacking and Intersecting Nitrogen 4Rs on Potato: Economic Analysis - Samuel H. Stapley; Christopher S. McIntosh; Matt A. Yost; Neil C. Hansen; Ryan C. Christensen; Bryan G. Hopkins (American Journal of Potato Research, 2025)
The 4Rs of nutrient management is an initiative to balance economics with sustainability. The objective was to evaluate individual and stacked 4R practices on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) profitability. Treatments included all combinations of two nitrogen (N) sources (urea or polymer coated urea [PCU]), two rates (82 or 100%), and/or two timing/placements (at emergence or split-applied). Gross income and net profit were determined using yields, market sale data, and costs. Total gross income was greatest for PCU split applied and PCU at emergence in 2020 and 2023, respectively. Gross income and net profit were higher for the full rate for PCU compared to urea. The detrimental effect of the reduced rate disappeared with PCU, but not urea. A reduced rate of PCU was similar to a full rate of split applied urea. These data suggest that PCU is a profitable N source for potato even at reduced rates.

Cushion plants in the Alps are swarming with invertebrate life - Keyvan Dumas; Gabriel Marais; Samuel Paitreault; Jean-Noël Avrillier; Zoé Rosa; Mickaël Hedde; Jean-Yves Rasplus; Sarah Chérasse; David Ouvrard; Philippe Reynaud; Jean Trap; Ilyass Filali Alaoui; et al. (Alpine Botany, 2025)

Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. Spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell.): a noxious weed species in Iran and an untapped genetic resource for barley cultivar development- molecular approach - Mojtaba Hosseini; Mehdi Mojab; Mohsen Yassaie; Eskandar Zand; Eshagh Keshtkar; Samuel Revolinski; Acer VanWallendael; Ebrahim Mamnoie (Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2025)

Mapping Plant Functional Traits Using Gap‐Filled Datasets to Inform Management and Modelling - Samuel C. Andrew; Irene Martín‐Forés; Greg R. Guerin; David Coleman; Daniel S. Falster; Elizabeth Wenk; Ian J. Wright; Rachael V. Gallagher (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2025)
Aim Plant traits are used to describe the functional properties of vegetation that are critical to terrestrial ecosystem services. Functional trait metrics for plant communities can be valuable for modelling important ecosystem properties such as fuel loads and nutrient cycling, future plant diversity and responses to global change. However, the vast scale of plant diversity means collecting trait and distribution data for all species globally is logistically challenging. Here, we evaluate the utilisation of gap‐filling methods for providing more comprehensive functional trait metrics for plant communities. Location Australia. Time Period Current. Major Taxa Studied Australian native plants. Methods Here we use gap‐filled species‐level functional trait data and species distributions for Australia to map continental scale averages and variability in four core traits related to resource competition, energy budgeting and reproductive investment (maximum height, seed mass, leaf area and leaf mass per area [LMA]). We explore how trait patterns relate to climate (temperature and precipitation) and validate our mapping using comparable trait metrics derived from a network of 747 plot‐based plant species inventories across the continent (AusPlots). Results Trait maps for maximum height, seed mass and leaf area were strongly and positively correlated, while mean LMA and LMA variability were negatively correlated with other trait means. Biogeographic patterns of trait averages and variability could be mostly explained (78% to 92% of variance) by annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and their interaction. LMA was an exception, with only 46% of variance in spatial patterns explained. Main Conclusions Similar trait‐climate trends from trait maps and plot‐based inventories give clarity to an outstanding question of whether trait mapping captures patterns also evident in higher‐resolution field‐based studies. Our results indicate that trait maps reliably recreate known patterns, albeit at a greater scale, and can be applied to ecosystem dynamics modelling and other pursuits such as conservation prioritisation.

Reconstructing historical catch trends of threatened sharks and rays based on fisher ecological knowledge - Guido Leurs; Rima W. Jabado; Assana Camará; Lilísio Dos Santos; Diosnes Manuel Nonque; Thije J. Zuidewind; Iça Barry; Pierre Campredon; Benja Blaschke; Karin de Boer; Nadia Hijner; Han Olff; et al. (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Small‐scale fisheries often lack historical shark and ray catch information, hampering their management. We reconstructed historical catch trends and current fishing pressure by combining local ecological knowledge, satellite‐based vessel counts, and a short‐term landing‐site survey. To test the effectiveness of this method, we focused on the Bijagós Archipelago (Guinea‐Bissau, West Africa), where historical fisheries data are lacking. Benthic rays (stingrays [Dasyatidae] and butterfly rays [ Gymnura spp.]), benthopelagic rays (duckbill eagle rays [ Aetomylaeus bovinus ] and cownose rays [ Rhinoptera marginata ]), guitarfish ( Glaucostegus and Rhinobatos spp.), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), and hammerhead sharks ( Sphyrna spp.) declined in abundance by 81.5–96.7% (species dependent) from 1960 to 2020. Fishing effort increased annually: fishing trip duration by 42.0% (SE 3.4), numbers of fishing vessels at sea as perceived by fishers by 36.3% (1.0) (1960–2020), and number of vessels by 12.0% (1.1) (2007–2022). We estimated that in 2020, fishing vessels collectively captured 61–264 sharks and 522–2194 rays per day in the archipelago, depending on the proportion of the fishing fleet that was active (i.e., low fleet activity of 18% and high fleet activity of 80%). We advocate for reducing shark and ray catches by regulating fleet size, reinforcing boundaries of protected areas, and collecting fisher‐dependent information on shark and ray landings to safeguard these vulnerable species and coastal livelihoods. We demonstrated the effectiveness of using this 3‐pronged approach to provide baseline data on shark fisheries, a common challenge in areas with small‐scale fisheries and limited research capacity.

Reconciling opposite conclusions in umbrella species evaluation - Tatiane Micheletti; Frances E. C. Stewart; Samuel Hache; Eliot J. B. McIntire (Conservation Biology, 2025)

Effectiveness of protected areas in conserving avian communities amid human impact in Nigeria - Bello A. Danmallam; Talatu Tende; Anthony Kuria; Samuel T. Ivande; Iniunam A. Iniunam; Peggy M. Ngila; Ulf Ottosson; Rosie Trevelyan; Adams A. Chaskda; Shiiwua A. Manu (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Understanding the impacts of human activities on avian communities in‐ and outside protected areas (PAs) is essential for guiding conservation strategies and evaluating the effectiveness of PAs in conserving avian diversity. Effective PAs should not only safeguard species within their boundaries but also contribute to maintaining ecosystem functionality in surrounding landscapes. We used citizen science data from the Nigerian Bird Atlas Project (2015–2024) and the human footprint index (HFI) from the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) to analyze avian taxonomic and functional richness and diversity across 146 paired pentads (5ʹ × 5ʹ grid cells). Each protected area pentad (PAP) that covered ≥70% of a PA was paired with an unprotected pentad (UPP). Bayesian hierarchical models were applied to assess avian taxonomic and functional richness and diversity between PAPs and UPPs and to examine the influence of human activity on these community metrics based on HFI values. The PAPs had higher taxonomic richness and diversity than UPPs. In contrast, abundance‐weighted functional diversity metrics (Rao's Q , functional dispersion, and divergence) were higher in UPPs than PAPs due to the proliferation of disturbance‐tolerant generalist species. However, functional richness was lower in UPPs than PAPs, reflecting fewer ecological niches. Taxonomic and functional richness increased with moderate human impact, consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, but declined under higher levels of disturbance, suggesting a point beyond which species cannot adapt or persist. These findings support the critical role of PAs in conserving avian species and functional traits and highlight the effects of human impact on species survival. Conservation strategies must prioritize the maintenance of PAs and integrate sustainable management in UPAs to safeguard avian diversity and functional traits essential for ecosystem resilience, especially as anthropogenic pressures increase.

Monitoring of mine tailings ponds in Ghana: a remote sensing-based assessment - Samuel Nana Safo Kantanka; Michael Addaney; Prosper Kpiebaya; Jonas Ayaribilla Akudugu; Enoch Akwasi Kosoe; Joseph Abazaami; Austin Asare (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)

Genetics and development of pseudanthia in the genus Helianthus: A review - Ugo Rogo; Marco Fambrini; Claudio Pugliesi; Samuel Simoni (Biologia, 2025)

Delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with dynamic changes in peripheral immune gene expression - Sara C. LaHue; Naoki Takegami; Rubinee Simmasalam; Abiya Baqai; Elena Munoz; Anya Sikri; Thibault du Buisson de Courson; Nilika S. Singhal; Walter Eckalbar; Charles R. Langelier; Carolyn M. Hendrickson; Carolyn S. Calfee; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Delirium is a neurologic syndrome characterized by inattention and cognitive impairment frequently encountered in medically ill older adults. As a hallmark of age-related brain vulnerability, delirium offers a clinical model to investigate how peripheral immune responses contribute to acute brain dysfunction. Peripheral inflammation is a key trigger of delirium, but the patient-specific immune responses that drive delirium onset and recovery remain poorly understood. This retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected biospecimens examines RNA sequencing from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adults hospitalized for COVID-19 to better understand patient-specific factors associated with delirium ( n = 64). Longitudinal transcriptomic analyses highlight persistent immune dysregulation in delirium, marked by increasing expression trajectories of genes linked to innate immune pathways, including complement activation, cytokine production, and monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Genes involved adaptive immunity showed a declining trajectory over time in patients with delirium. Although corticosteroid treatment suppressed some aspects of immune hyperactivation, aberrant responses contributing to delirium were exacerbated. Delirium resolution was characterized by normalization of key transcripts such as CCL2 and innate immune markers. Novel associations with delirium included transcripts related to stress granule assembly and the T cell regulators DUSP2 and KLF10 . Delirium in COVID-19 is associated with distinct and dynamic peripheral immune trajectories that are modulated by corticosteroids. Further understanding these mechanisms has important implications for preventing delirium in older adults. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights with translational relevance for immunomodulatory strategies targeting maladaptive immune responses to prevent or treat delirium in medically ill populations.

Interactions of elongated dinuclear metallo-cylinders with DNA three-way and four-way junctions - Samuel J. Dettmer; Hannah M. P. Stock; Michael J. Hannon (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2025)
Non-canonical DNA structures play important roles in processing of the genetic code. Three-way (3WJ) and four-way (4WJ) junctions are dynamic, multi-stranded structures containing an open cavity at the centre. We have previously demonstrated that supramolecular dinuclear metallo-cylinders bind well inside 3WJ cavities, having an optimally complementary size and shape match, cationic charge to bind the DNA anion, as well as the ability to π ‑stack with the branchpoint nucleobases. Herein, we show that a longer metallo-cylinder with a similar but extended central π surface binds to both 3WJ and 4WJ structures with good selectivity over double-stranded DNA. Experimental investigations, informed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, reveal that whilst this longer cylinder can bind 3WJs as the previously studied cylinders, the extended π surface of the cylinder now also facilitates 4WJ binding. The simulations capture two metastable 4WJ conformations –one resembling a 3WJ, and another where the extended length enables the cylinder to angle into and stabilise a rhombus-shaped 4WJ cavity. The ability to tune the structure of supramolecular assemblies is important for targeting different DNA structures with varying specificity, and in this work, we demonstrate the usefulness of overall length as a parameter for modulating DNA binding. Graphical abstract

Evaluation of antifouling surfaces using a method that employs mussel larvae settlement quantified by machine learning - Thomas B. LeFevre; Joseph D. Daddona; Wilaiwan Chouyyok; Gordon King; Samuel M. Pennell; Andrew E. Plymale; Stony Akins; Lance W. Miller; Navaj Nune; Clare N. Hermanson; George T. Bonheyo; Curtis Larimer; et al. (Biofouling, 2025)

Time Series Changes of Surficial Sediments on Eastern Ship Shoal, Louisiana Shelf - Adam Gartelman; Kehui Xu; Brian J. Roberts; David Samuel Johnson; Madison Liotta (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
Ship Shoal, a large transgressive sand body on the Louisiana continental shelf, is a critical sediment source for coastal restoration. This study evaluates spatial and temporal variability in sediment grain size, percents organic matter (%OM), and carbonate (%CO3) across the shoal crest (REF), Caminada Dredge Pit (CAM), and Terrebonne Dredge Pit (TER). Sediment samples were collected between 2020 and 2022 using box cores and analyzed for grain size, %OM, and %CO3, with temporal and spatial patterns assessed through statistical comparisons, correlation analyses, and random forest regression models. Results show that dredged areas act as sinks for fine-grained, organic-rich sediments, with CAM consistently exhibiting the smallest median grain sizes and highest %OM, while REF maintained coarse, well-sorted sands. Carbonate enrichment reflected long-term depositional regimes, with REF exhibiting the highest %CO3 due to the absence of dredging disturbance. Grain size and %CO3 were identified as the strongest predictors of %OM, while %CO3 was only weakly correlated with other sedimentary variables. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dredge pits function as persistent repositories, with implications for benthic habitat resilience, sediment management, and coastal restoration planning. Future integration of hydrodynamic modeling with sediment transport and biogeochemical processes is needed to enhance predictive capability for managing dredged environments.

Study of Applicability in Minimising Pitch Radius Gyration for Different Hull Types to Improve Seakeeping Performance - Muhammad Iqbal; Andi Trimulyono; Samuel; Ocid Mursid (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
This paper presents an optimisation study to determine the best centre of gravity (CoG) position to improve seakeeping performance. Two varied parameters used in this study were the longitudinal and vertical centre of gravity (LCG and VCG). The Radius Gyration in the y-axis (Ry) is introduced as a novel single-objective function to be minimised, avoiding the complexity of the conventional seakeeping optimisation process. The quality of the seakeeping performance was evaluated by response amplitude operators (RAOs) of the heave, pitch, and vertical motion. Two different hull forms are compared to investigate the applicability of the Ry as the objective function in seakeeping optimisation. The patrol boat and S-60 hull form are selected as representatives of a planing hull type and a displacement hull type. The optimisation was carried out by using the Central Composite Design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to model the relationship between the CoG and Ry from large and small vessels, with the objective function minimising the Ry. The finding shows that minimising the Ry is more sensitive to the planing hull type compared to the displacement hull type in reducing the vertical motion in different Froude numbers and wave headings.

Covalent and non-covalent carbon nanotube functionalization: A review for the case of assessment criteria, and practical implementation in wastewater treatment - Mayowa Ezekiel Oladipo; Samuel Sunday Ogunsola; Peter Olusakin Oladoye (Chemosphere, 2025)

Synergizing phytoremediation and geopolymerization: A sustainable waste-to-wealth approach for heavy metal-contaminated soils - Samuel S. Ogunsola; Olajumoke L. Oladele; Taofiq Abdulraheem; Carolyn G. Cooke (Chemosphere, 2025)

Stenotrophomonas pavanii AS1 and blue light synergistically enhance kinetin riboside biosynthesis and mercury tolerance in Oryza sativa - Ravishankar Palanisamy; Satheesh Kumar Subramanian; Mario Kangeswaren; Samuel K. Asiedu; Chozhan K; Manoj Srinivas Ravi (Chemosphere, 2025)

The role of rare genetic variants in the aetiology of childhood eating behaviour - Samuel J.R.A. Chawner; IMAGINE-ID consortium; Michael J. Owen; Marianne B.M. van den Bree (Appetite, 2025)

Application of mercury stable isotopes to examine sources and hydrologic factors impacting mercury bioaccumulation and cycling in invertebrates of a model saline lake - Samuel F. Lopez; Sarah E. Janssen; Michael T. Tate; Frank J. Black; Hannah E. McIlwain; Laura E. Flucke; Jacob M Ogorek; William P. Johnson (Water Research, 2025)

Precision food safety: Advances in omics-based surveillance for proactive detection and management of foodborne pathogens - Tyler Chandross-Cohen; Taejung Chung; Samuel C. Watson; M. Laura Rolon; Jasna Kovac (Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2025)

Sustainable food packaging system: Status of regulatory initiatives and issues on plastic use in Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania African countries - Maria Alessia Schouten; Ines Ben Rejeb; Faten Khamassi; Samuel Edgar Tinyiro; Cassius Aruho; Isa Kabenge; John Muyonga; Isaac Maitha; Michael Wandayi Okoth; Akwilina Mwanri; Rashid Suleiman; Susan Nchimbi Msolla; et al. (Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2025)

LP-20 Status of use of non-animal methods and approaches in UK REACH registrations between 2022 and 2024 - E. Prochazka; A. Darrah; K. Hegarty; L. Samuel; H. McGarry (Toxicology Letters, 2025)

Antimicrobial peptides from earthworms: Emerging candidates for novel therapeutic applications - Saravanakumar Venkatachalam; Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj; Reiya Bosco Don Bosco; Beryl Vedha Yesudhason (Toxicon, 2025)

Effect of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) on promoting roots on micropropagated Dyckia distachya Hassl - Marcelo F. Pompelli; Samuel Giovanny García-Castaño; Ana Milena Vásquez-Bettin; Prithwiraj Dey; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Majed Alotaibi; Marvin José Perneth-Montaño; Miguel Pedro Guerra (South African Journal of Botany, 2025)

On ore-bearing asteroid remnants in lunar craters - Jayanth Chennamangalam; Paul Brook; Martin Elvis; Samuel Peterson (Planetary and Space Science, 2025)

Comprehensive characterization of Nudix hydrolase genes in Musa spp.: Unveiling susceptibility factors to biotic stresses - Anuradha Chelliah; Mohana Priya Sundararaju; Chandrasekar Arumugam; Samuel Peter; Backiyarani Suthanthiram; Thangavelu Raman; Selvarajan Ramasamy (Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2025)

Investigating the influence of physical activity intensity level on arterial stiffness response in hypertension: A UK biobank participant-based study - Opeyemi O Adeloye; Jeff Gagnon; Elizabeth M. Mullin; Samuel Headley (Next Research, 2025)

Compliance dynamics: Impacts of petroleum taxation on taxpayer behavior - Samuel Narh Dorhetso (Next Research, 2025)

Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles from oil palm leaves: Mechanism and characterization using optical microscope - Sunday M. Ajayi; Samuel O. Olusanya; Sunday F. Abimbade; Emmanuel G. Olumayede; Oluwabamise L. Faboya; Dosu Malomo; Cecilia O. Akintayo (Next Research, 2025)

Parental preconceptual α-cypermethrin exposure alters embryonic brain transcriptomics in mice: Implications for autism spectrum disorder and stress vulnerability - Benjamin Hing; Robert Taylor; Samuel Eliasen; Hanna E. Stevens (NeuroToxicology, 2025)

Investigating the selective extraction of metals from nickel sulfide tailings using salt roasting and acid leaching - Emmanuel Atta Mends; Sabinus Essel Arthur; Shokrullah Hussaini; John Samuel Thella; Pengbo Chu (Minerals Engineering, 2025)

Enhancing urban sustainability: An emergy-based framework to support green infrastructure planning - Shuyan Wan; Chen Lu; S. Samuel Li; He Peng; Xuelin Tian; Rengyu Yue; Chunjiang An (Landscape and Urban Planning, 2025)

Mathematical modelling of kinetic and breakthrough curves for Cd(II) adsorption onto Sargassum biomass using the Diffusion – Permeation Model - Lázaro Adrián González-Fernández; Samuel Aguirre-Contreras; Nahum Andrés Medellín-Castillo; Manuel Sánchez-Polo; Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta; Roberto Leyva-Ramos; Javier E. Vilasó-Cadre; Raúl Ocampo-Pérez (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025)

Adaptation to climate change in nature-based tourist destination in northern Ghana - Frederick Dapilah; Benjamin Aapeple Bedigbee; Samuel Ziem Bonye (Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 2025)

A review and development of an enhanced carbon footprint calculator to facilitate knowledge of individual carbon emissions - Chrystal Moore; Samuel Allasia-Grau; Tiago de Santana; Teresa Sauras-Yera; Santiago Sabate-Jorba (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Psychological and situational determinants shaping consumers' intention to purchase eco-friendly personal care products: PLS-SEM and fsQCA insights - Ary Dylann Zeudong Sobgo; Licheng Sun; Samuel Atingabili; Nick Yvan Ngansom Kewou; Armel Temagna Tcheudjeu (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Land use history and environmental filtering drive taxonomic and functional diversity in Atlantic Rainforest fragments - Otávio Miranda Verly; Pedro Manuel Villa; Marcelo Vitor Gualberto Santos Chaves; Samuel José Silva Soares da Rocha; Luiz Claudio Medeiros Cabral-da-Silva; Klisman Oliveira; Maria Paula Miranda Xavier Rufino; Samuel Braz Vieira; D'lano Figueiredo Teixeira Sathler; Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Leveraging mangroves to advance climate action in Africa: Zooming in on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) - Samuel Appiah Ofori; Jean Hugé; Setondé Constant Gnansounou; Arimatéa C. Ximenes; Frederick Asante; M'koumfida Bagbohouna; Adrien Comte; Esméralda Longépée; Kipkorir Sigi Lang'at; Salomão Olinda Bandeira; Derrick Omollo; Amarachi Paschaline Onyena; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

Registration of close-range, multi-lens multispectral imagery by retrieving the scene 3D structure - Sylvain Jay; Frédéric Baret; Samuel Thomas; Marie Weiss (ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2025)

Using earth tides to monitor CO2 storage: Field trials at the Otway International Test Centre, Victoria - Charles Jenkins; Jonathan Ennis-King; Chris Green; James Gunning; Samuel Jackson; Andy Wilkins (International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2025)

Cyanobacterial connectivity from freshwater to estuaries: insights into genotypes and cyanotoxins flow - Claudia Fournier; Samuel Cirés; Albano Diez-Chiappe; Adrián Pereira; Rufino Vieira-Lanero; Sandra Barca-Bravo; Fernando Cobo; Antonio Quesada (Harmful Algae, 2025)

Top-Down Cooling and Its Role in Sustaining the Laugarnes Geothermal Field, Iceland - Adolph Bravo; Samuel Scott; Halldór Pálsson; Gunnar Gunnarsson (Geothermics, 2025)

Identification, characterization, and determinants of dietary patterns of low-income urban adults in Vietnam and Nigeria - Giulia Pastori; Kim Maasen; Elise F. Talsma; Hans Verhoef; Folake O. Samuel; Oluyemisi F. Shittu; Le Thi Huong; Ricardo Hernandez; Sigrid Wertheim-Heck; Xuan Thi Thanh Le; Truong Tuyet Mai; Mark Lundy; et al. (Global Food Security, 2025)

Power- and biomass-to-liquid processes with fuel-assisted solid oxide electrolysis cells and water gas shift-adjusted systems: A techno-economic analysis - Samuel M. Krämer; Anders S. Nielsen; Simon Maier; Simone Mucci; Magne Hillestad; Odne S. Burheim (Fuel, 2025)

Insight into the effect of ammonia doping on the methane jet flame - Bipro Gain; Muhammad Bilal; Yun-Fan Wang; Samuel Daniel; Wang Du; Ahmed E. Mansy; Kai-Ru Jin; Zhen-Yu Tian (Fuel, 2025)

Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity - Samuel Olugbenga Olunusi; Nor Hanuni Ramli; Fatmawati Adam; Safinta Nurindra Rahmadhia (Food Bioscience, 2025)

Assessing hand hygiene in food manufacturing: The feasibility of CCTV surveillance - Ellen W. Evans; Emma J. Samuel; Sharon Mayho; Claudiu-Alin Turila; Helen R. Taylor; Elizabeth C. Redmond (Food Control, 2025)

Corrigendum to “Bacillus subtilis supplemented feeding as a method to increase IgM titers and affinity in response to fish vaccination” [Fish Shellfish Immunol. 162 (2025) 110335] - Samuel Vicente-Gil; Rocío Simón; Silvia Nogales-Mérida; Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz; Belén Fouz; Claudia Serra; M. Camino Ordás; Beatriz Abós; J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado; E. Morel; Patricia Díaz-Rosales; Carolina Tafalla (Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2025)

Use of solute concentration gradients in the benthic boundary layer to highlight sediment source-sink dynamics: a non-invasive in situ study - Julie Régis; Bruno Deflandre; Samuel Meulé; Vincent Ouisse; Dominique Munaron; Marion Richard; Christian Grenz; Chrystelle Montigny; Rémi Freydier; Sophie Delpoux; Joël Knoery; Isabel Garcia Arevalo; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2025)

Drivers of illegal mining in the Amansie West District using the partial lease square model - Daniel Adusu; Samuel Kumi; Mary Antwi; Michael Asigbaase; Emmanuel Kwaku Sackey (Environmental Development, 2025)

Public Policies and Femicides during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil - Maria Dolores Montoya Diaz; Paula Pereda; Fabiana Rocha; Pedro A.C. Oliveira; Isadora Bousquat Árabe; Noemi Kreif; Samuel Lordemus; Rodrigo Moreno-Serra (Economics & Human Biology, 2025)

Harnessing visible light: Advanced photocatalytic strategies for sustainable environmental reactions - Samuel Ashu Abey; Nuno M. Reis; Emma A.C. Emanuelsson; Antonio J. Expósito (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Testing the robustness of the carbonate uranium isotope proxy: Evidence from a partial dissolution study - Jennifer L. Morford; Maya Elrick; Stephen Romaniello; Thomas J. Algeo; Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau; Tyler Goepfert; Elvis Wilson; Kate Meyers; Lena Berry; Elizabeth Driscoll; Samuel Patzkowsky; Carol de Wet (Chemical Geology, 2025)

D-limonene complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin prevents impaired cardiac excitation-contraction coupling by reducing oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis in an animal model of cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin - Aimée Obolari Durço; Diego Santos Souza; Michael Ramon de Lima Conceição; Samuel dos Santos Beserra; Jorge Lucas Teixeira da Fonseca; Leonardo Loch; Michel Augusto Silva; Aldeidia Pereira de Oliveira; Adriano Antunes de Souza Araujo; Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos; Jader Santos Cruz; Danilo Roman-Campos; et al. (Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2025)

Techno-economic evaluation of landowner participation in willow biomass production for a biorefinery - Samuel Sarpong Asamoah; Seyedehniloufar Mousavi; Tristan Brown; Robert W. Malmsheimer; Timothy Volk; Jenny Frank (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025)

Optimizing biodiesel production from underutilized Garcinia indica oil through empirical, Coati Optimization and Salp Swarm Algorithm - B.S. Ajith; S.B. Prakash; G.C. Manjunath Patel; Likewin Thomas; Mudassir Hasan; Krishna Kumar Yadav; Olusegun D. Samuel (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025)

A comprehensive review of invasive Urena lobata fibers and their composites - Chioma E. Njoku; Samuel A. Iwarere; Michael O. Daramola (Bioresource Technology Reports, 2025)

Sourcing the vaccine adjuvant QS-21 and related saponins from cell cultures of Quillaja lancifolia (Brazilian soap tree) - Yve VS. Magedans; Anna CA. Yendo; Eliane Zachert; Maria CS. Klauss; Samuel Cibulski; Fernando L. Silveira; Yuri M. do Nascimento; Fernanda M. da Silva; Marcelo S. Silva; Paulo M. Roehe; Mariana Koetz; José Ângelo S. Zuanazzi; et al. (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2025)

Synergistic CCD-ANN optimization of organosolv–DES biphasic delignification for high-yield lignin isolation from banana inflorescence bract - Sundaram Deepika Bharathi; Samuel Jacob (Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2025)

Long-acting progesterone supplementation and administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone in early diestrus improves pregnancy rates in Nellore cows with low body condition score and subjected to timed artificial insemination - Samuel Rodrigues Bonamichi do Couto; Nicolas Moreira Piedras Monnerat Caparelli; Mateus Gonçalves Costa; Yuri Barbosa Guerson; Raphael Azevedo Lamim; Rafaella Sobrinho Vidal; João Paulo Nascimento Andrade; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero; Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

Gestation length and growth performance in beef heifers: comparative analysis of genetic groups during first pregnancy - Julia Benner Inez Aniceto; Samuel Rodrigues Bonamichi do Couto; Thiago Freitas de Almeida Mattos; Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello; Marina Mortati Dias Barbero; Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

Identification of sperm parameters linked to fertility and development of fertility prediction models for zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) cattle bulls - Kishan Kumar Fataniya; Arumugam Kumaresan; Anand Kumar Yadav; John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King; Muniandy Sivaram; Thirumala Rao Talluri; Ayyasamy Manimaran; Gowdar Veerappa Vedamurthy; Sakthivel Jeyakumar; Sakshi Payasi (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2025)

Physical Interpretation of Interwell Partitioning Tracer Tests for Estimation of Remaining Oil Saturation in Layered Carbonate Reservoirs - Samuel D. Fontalvo; Maxim P. Yutkin; S. Majid Hassanizadeh; Clayton J. Radke; Tadeusz W. Patzek (Transport in Porous Media, 2025)
Interwell partitioning tracer tests (IPTTs) are conducted in mature oil fields to estimate remaining oil in place, which is crucial for subsequent economic analyses and decisions regarding further field development. An IPTT involves the simultaneous injection of two types of tracers: conservative and partitioning, that probe the aqueous and oil phases, respectively. Although this test requires time, it probes the entire fluid flow path, not just the near-wellbore area, as is the case with other methods such as single-well tests. Accurate interpretation of interwell tracer test data is of critical importance for the oil and gas industry. Published IPTT case studies lack physical justification for the choice of tracer flow models. In this study, we provide such justifications along with guidelines for selecting appropriate tracer flow models. First, we review existing models for the transport of partitioning and conservative tracers and demonstrate their applicability range based on mass conservation analysis. Based on this analysis, we propose a refined model of partitioning tracer flow with Robin boundary conditions that accounts for non-equilibrium partitioning. Such analysis is missing in the literature. Next, we illustrate errors in estimating remaining oil if an inappropriate model is used for data interpretation. Notably, the choice of an incorrect model can lead to either underestimation or overestimation of the remaining oil, with the latter being of greater financial concern. Finally, we apply the non-equilibrium partitioning model to a published IPTT dataset from a layered carbonate reservoir and compare our remaining oil estimates with results of the original study. To the best of our knowledge, analysis of such cases with non-equilibrium partitioning has not been documented in the literature.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use change in Beni city, Democratic Republic of Congo from 1993 to 2023 - Vithundwa Richard Posite; Belem Mamounata; Madani Bessedik; Kabuyene Kakundane Joel; Bayongwa Samuel Ahana; Chérifa Abdelbaki; Abdellatif Zerga; Awoke Guadie (Regional Environmental Change, 2025)

A review of the utility and application of relatedness and kinship in elasmobranchs - Samuel R. Amini; Pierre Feutry; Nicole M. Phillips; Peter M. Kyne (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2025)
Understanding relatedness is fundamental to the fields of reproductive and social behaviour, trait-based analysis, population connectivity, and threatened species management. While relatedness has been studied in a broad range of terrestrial and aquatic taxa, research is often limited for species that are difficult to sample or persist in low densities. Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are one the most imperilled vertebrate clades in the world, with one third of all species being threatened with extinction. In this review, we examine the application of relatedness in studies of elasmobranchs, explore common challenges and limitations faced, provide best practice recommendations, and highlight knowledge gaps to guide future work. A systematic search identified 107 studies published between 2001 and November 2024 that focus on 65 species from 10 orders and 25 families. These studies used relatedness to investigate the reproductive behaviour, population genetics, demography, and social behaviour of elasmobranchs. Results highlight significant taxonomic biases, temporal patterns in marker use and research categories, and the need for a unified analytical framework to guide future work. This review provides a foundation for understanding how relatedness has been applied to date in studies of elasmobranchs and outlines future directions to advance the field.

Establishing facility reference levels and comparing to international diagnostic reference levels in paediatric general X-ray - Samuel M. Lilli; Amanda A. Perdomo (Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2025)
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) can be used to assess the radiation exposure for specific protocols and identify areas of potential optimisation. Despite paediatric general X-ray (GXR) being a relatively low dose modality, due to the high radiosensitivity of children, it is imperative that doses remain as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). This study aims to compare our institute’s Dose-Area-Product (DAP) to currently available local, national, and regional DRLs, as there are currently no Australian DRL values established for paediatric GXR. The DAPs for GXR protocols are recorded in a commercially available DMS software, MyXrayDose, which generates a report of the Facility Reference Levels (FRLs) for all GXR protocols. As MyXrayDose uses age categories, our FRLs were converted to weight-based FRLs using the 50th percentile values derived from the World Health Organisation and Centres for Disease Control Weight-for-age charts. These were compared to published DRLs from eleven different countries and regions of the world. Pelvis Anterior-Posterior (AP)/Posterior-Anterior (PA), Abdomen AP/PA, Thorax AP/PA and Thorax lateral protocols were compared to available national and regional DRLs. For example, from 1st July 2023–30th June 2024, 1008 Abdomen AP/PA X-rays were conducted in Room 1 with a fixed GXR unit. The FRL for 31.2–56.5 kg (10–15 years) patients in Room 1 (1093 mGy.cm 2 ) was more than 2.3 times greater than the European DRL (475 mGy.cm 2 ). The FRLs for patients with a mean weight of 6 kg and 14 kg were below the European DRL whilst 25 kg, 44 kg and 60 kg patients exceeded the European Abdomen AP/PA DRL. The establishment of DRLs helps institutes identify potential areas of optimisation. As some of our GXR protocols exceed the European DRLs, the next step at our institute is to complete a multi-disciplinary image quality assessment to identify if it is possible to optimise these protocols.

How Does Warming Affect Microbial Communities in whole-soil Under Contrasting Management? - Md. Zulfikar Khan; Pierre-Alain Maron; Samuel Dequiedt; Cornelia Rumpel; Abad Chabbi (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2025)

The Fate of Potassium in Southern Brazilian Vineyards - Luana Paula Garlet; Jean Michel Moura-Bueno; Adriele Tassinari; Allan Augusto Kokkonen; Daniéle Gonçalves Papalia; Ana Luiza Marques; Samuel Schemmer; Bruno Ehle de Souza; Beatriz Michelato; Fabrício de Araújo Pedron; William Natale; Danilo Eduardo Rozane; et al. (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2025)

In situ characterisation and diversity assessment of calla lily accessions from Kenya and Rwanda using phenotypic traits - Aristide Nshuti Niyokuri; Samuel Odeyo Nyalala; Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa; Gaoqiong Liu; Chen Sumei (Euphytica, 2025)

Performance analysis of the thermal flux effect and exergy analysis of a passive evaporative cooled double jacket wet clay-walled storage structure for pre-cooling of tomatoes - Macmanus Chinenye Ndukwu; Godwin Akpan; Cyprian N. Tom; Ubong David Offiong; Samuel Nditoi Akpanmkpuk; Emmanuel Oluwafemi Ogundahunsi; Ifiok Ekop; Leonard Akuwueke; Godwin Usoh; Joseph Edet; Augustine Edet Ben; Merlin Simo-Tagne; et al. (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2025)

Identification of molybdenum immobilization mechanisms in naturally contaminated excavated rocks and soils stabilized with zero-valent iron - Maxime Brandely; Samuel Coussy; Denise Blanc-Biscarat; Hicham Khodja; Rémy Gourdon (Applied Geochemistry, 2025)

Systematic generation of effective thermophysical and thermo-mechanical properties for reduced-order modeling of TRISO fuel pellets - Samuel Heflin; Vedant Mehta; Dan Kotlyar (Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2025)

Why is there so much variability in crop multi-model studies? - Daniel Wallach; Taru Palosuo; Henrike Mielenz; Samuel Buis; Peter Thorburn; Senthold Asseng; Benjamin Dumont; Roberto Ferrise; Sebastian Gayler; Afshin Ghahramani; Matthew Tom Harrison; Zvi Hochman; et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2025)

An evaluation of the human relevance of the hepatocellular tumors observed in mice treated with synthetic fungicide, pyridachlometyl, based on mode of action - Kensuke Kawamoto; Yukako Shimotsuma; Keiko Maeda; Kohei Matsunaga; Hiroyuki Asano; Samuel M. Cohen; Tomoya Yamada (Archives of Toxicology, 2025)

Recent Adaptation in a Threatened Salmonid Revealed by Museum Genomics - Andrew G. Sharo; Megan A. Supple; Randy Cabrera; William E. Seligmann; Samuel Sacco; Cassondra D. Columbus; Devon E. Pearse; Beth Shapiro; John Carlos Garza (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Steelhead/rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) is an imperilled salmonid with two main life history strategies: migrate to the ocean or remain in freshwater. Domesticated hatchery forms of this species have been stocked into almost all California waterways, possibly resulting in introgression into natural populations and altered population structure. We compared whole‐genome sequence data from contemporary populations against a set of museum population samples of steelhead from the same locations that were collected prior to most hatchery stocking. We observed minimal introgression and few steelhead‐hatchery trout hybrids despite a century of extensive stocking. Our historical data show signals of introgression with a sister species and indications of an early hatchery facility. Finally, we found that migration‐associated haplotypes have become less frequent over time, a likely adaptation to decreased opportunities for migration. Since contemporary migration‐associated haplotype frequencies have been used to guide species management, we consider this to be a rare example of shifting baseline syndrome that has been validated with historical data. We suggest cautious optimism that a century of hatchery stocking has had minimal impact on California steelhead population genetic structure, but we note that continued shifts in life history may lead to further declines in the ocean‐going form of the species.

Interaction Between Climatic Variation and Pathogen Diversity Shape Endemic Disease Dynamics in the Agricultural Settings - Rishi Bhandari; Amanpreet Kaur; Ivory Russell; Ogonnaya Michael Romanus; Destiny Brokaw; Anthony P. Keinath; Zachary Snipes; Philip Rollins; Nettie Baugher; Inga Meadows; Ty Nicholas Torrance; Bhabesh Dutta; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Endemic pathogens continue to pose threats of recurring outbreaks, especially in agricultural settings. How these outbreaks unfold and what drives the variability in disease epidemics is less understood. We addressed this question in the Xanthomonas ‐tomato pathosystem by developing an integrated approach that linked the within‐field quantitative signature of local pathogen diversity to climatic conditions to explain variable bacterial disease epidemics across fields. Using strain‐resolved metagenomics, we found that pathogen heterogeneity with multiple co‐occurring lineages is common. Higher disease severity was associated with higher pathogen diversity. Considering these observations, we used response‐specific regression models to investigate the role of environmental variables in driving differences in disease and strain dynamics. Abrupt and frequent changes in environmental factors explained the variability of disease severity. We observed variable lineage dynamics across fields, but at least two lineages with divergent, climate‐dependent fitness strategies coexisted throughout the growing season without either of them taking the lead. We further profiled the dynamics of single‐nucleotide polymorphism variants in the pathogen population and observed that some alleles are temporarily favoured by specific climatic conditions encountered throughout the growing season, leading to oscillating seasonal patterns of allelic frequencies. These alleles can be referred to as seasonal alleles. Overall, our study revealed that the seasonal fluctuations in pathogen strain composition, diversity and climate‐influenced pathogen fitness play a significant role in shaping the severity and variability of bacterial spot disease outbreaks.

Links Between Teleconnection Patterns and Mean Precipitation in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula From 1903 to 2023 - Isaac Kwesi Nooni; Faustin Katchele Ogou; Abdoul Aziz Saidou Chaibou; Nana Agyemang Prempeh; Thomas Atta‐Darkwa; Khant Hmu Paing; Samuel Koranteng Fianko; Zhongfang Jin; Xiaoyong Yu (International Journal of Climatology, 2025)
Changes in the seasonality and magnitude of precipitation are complex. Under global warming, this change can pose significant threats to regional water and food security. Therefore, to effectively propose any mitigation strategies, it is necessary to conduct a long‐term study of changes in precipitation and associated atmospheric circulation patterns. For this purpose, the climate research unit (CRU) precipitation data set was used to investigate the trends and changes over Africa and the Arabian Peninsula from 1903 to 2023. The Mann–Kendall test analysis was used to identify the changes in precipitation trends and their significance. The Pearson correlation and Granger causality of precipitation and associated eight (8) teleconnection drivers that are shown to exhibit decadal variability such as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCA) were also investigated. The results show precipitation is highly heterogeneous, with patterns shaped by distinct spatial gradients and regional contrasts. West and Central Africa (North and Southern Africa) exhibited the highest (lowest) precipitation amounts. Precipitation anomalies showed pronounced decadal‐scale variability, which is characterised by wet periods and prolonged dry spells across Africa, highlighting the hydroclimatic regimes. The standardised precipitation anomalies indicate that the wettest conditions occurred in the periods 1903–1912, 1925–1939, 1951–1970 and 2000—2022, while the driest conditions occurred in the periods 1913–1924, 1940–1950, 1971–1985 and 1986–1999. The area average of precipitation showed various tendencies with the season at each climate zone. All teleconnection indices exhibited weak to strong correlations ( r = 0.30–0.80) of African precipitation, with IOD, PDO and AMO standing out for their strong correlations ( r ≥ 0.50) and significant Granger causality across all lags, confirming their prolonged influence while AMM and SCA exhibited mild to strong correlations with causality limited to few lags, indicating a delayed influence. In contrast, for the ENSO, while mildly correlated ( r ≈ 0.42), it showed no causal effect, suggesting its influence may be indirect. Furthermore, precipitation variability has strong teleconnections to global sea surface temperature (SST) patterns, specifically variations in the Atlantic (tropics and north) and Pacific (north and eastern) SST. This study contributes to precipitation dynamics in Africa and improves our understanding of precipitation–teleconnection relationships in a changing climate.

Ants and extrafloral nectary‐bearing plants: A dataset of interactions and outcomes - Samuel Novais; Noemí Matías‐Ferrer; Betsabé Ruíz‐Guerra; Cássio Cardoso Pereira; Daniel Negreiros; Armando Aguirre‐Jaimes (Ecology, 2025)
Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are specialized plant glands that secrete nectar but are not related to pollination. Several ants feed on EFNs and, in exchange, they often attack herbivores, reducing the consumption of leaf tissue and floral parts, and enhancing plant performance. Although most empirical studies and reviews have demonstrated that ant visitation benefits EFN‐bearing plants, many others have failed to show ants as protective partners. Despite the increasing number of papers dealing with plant defense mediated by EFNs in the last 30 years, there has been no comprehensive effort to synthesize knowledge on this topic. In fact, due to strict inclusion criteria, recent meta‐analyses have considered only a small fraction of the published studies on ant–EFN‐bearing plant interactions. Therefore, we set out to compile the available published information about ants feeding on EFNs, ranging from descriptive to experimental studies. This dataset includes 342 studies and 4766 records of ants feeding directly on EFNs. When available, we also extracted the outcomes of the interactions from each study. In addition, the effects of ants on herbivory, herbivore abundance, fruit set, and seed set (the response variables with most data) were summarized. The data were gathered from studies published between 1941 and February 2024, across 40 countries and several ecosystems in temperate and tropical zones. Brazil and Mexico were by far the countries with the most records. Ants visiting EFNs were recorded on plants from 30 orders, 65 families, 246 genera, and 441 species. Fabaceae was the family with the greatest number of records ( n = 1208, 25.3%), followed by Passifloraceae ( n = 430, 9%) and Bignoniaceae ( n = 269, 5.6%). Passiflora was the genus with the greatest number of records ( n = 254, 5.3%), followed by Chamaecrista ( n = 241, 5.1%) and Turnera ( n = 176, 3.4%). A total of 7 subfamilies, 82 genera, and 519 ant species were found associated with EFNs. Formicinae was the subfamily with the greatest number of records ( n = 1771, 37.2%), followed by Myrmicinae ( n = 1609, 33.8%). Camponotus was the genus with the greatest number of records (1173, 24.6%), followed by Crematogaster ( n = 518, 10.9%) and Pseudomyrmex ( n = 437, 9.2%). The effects of ants on herbivory, herbivore abundance, fruit set, and seed set were explored separately for community‐ and species‐level studies. Ants led to a decrease in herbivory in 67.4% ( n = 58) of the community‐level studies and in 54.2% ( n = 26) of the species‐level studies. Similarly, 75.9% ( n = 44) and 72.4% ( n = 21) of the studies showed a decrease in herbivore abundance caused by ants in community‐ and species‐level studies, respectively. Regarding plant fitness, ants led to an increase in fruit set in 42.9% ( n = 21) of the community‐level studies and in 52% ( n = 13) of the species‐level studies. Finally, 47.2% ( n = 17) and 42.9% ( n = 9) of the studies showed an increase in seed set caused by ants in community‐ and species‐level studies, respectively. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; please cite this paper when using the data in publications. Additionally, the authors request to be informed of how these data are used in publications.

Temporal dynamics of the carbonate system in a tropical rhodolith bed from a protected Caribbean bay - Natalia Rincón-Díaz; Carlos E. Gómez; Valentina Piñeros-Pérez; Félix Alvarado-Jiménez; Samuel Núñez; Rocío García-Urueña (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2025)
Coastal zones are key players in the global carbon cycle, yet the temporal dynamics of their carbonate system, particularly in tropical rhodolith habitats, remain understudied. This study assessed seasonal and spatial variability in carbonate chemistry in Gairaca Bay, a protected tropical bay within Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean. Sampling was conducted in 2023–2024 across three habitats: a rhodolith bed (1, 7, 15 m depth), the bay entrance (outer bay, 10 m depth), and a shallow sandy-bottom area (inner bay, 1 and 6 m depths). Temperature, salinity, and total scale pH (pH T ) were measured in situ ; total alkalinity (TA) was determined via open-cell titration, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pCO 2 , bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ), carbonate (CO 3 2- ), and aragonite saturation state (Ω arag ) were calculated. Seasonal and spatial patterns were analyzed using PERMANOVA. Significant seasonal differences were found in temperature (F = 248.42, p < 0.05), salinity (F = 49.02, p < 0.05), TA (F = 7.65, p < 0.001), and DIC (F = 2.54, p < 0.001), with no significant variation among sites or depths. Upwelling periods were cooler and saltier (25.9 ± 1.14 °C; 34.48 ± 0.46), with elevated TA and DIC, and slightly lower pH T and Ω arag . Non-upwelling periods were warmer (30.0 ± 0.76 °C), less saline (33.36 ± 0.28), and had higher pH T and Ω arag . Seasonal delta analysis indicated greater variability during non-upwelling, linked to enhanced freshwater discharge. The outer bay showed the highest variability in pH T and Ω arag , while the inner bay was most stable for TA and DIC. The rhodolith bed bottom exhibited high TA variability but stability in pH T and Ω arag , especially during non-upwelling. Seasonal processes, including upwelling and freshwater inputs, drive carbonate system variability in Gairaca Bay. The stability of pH T and Ω arag in the rhodolith bed bottom suggests a potential role as a biogeochemical refuge in acidification-prone tropical environments.

Morphometric determination of larval instars and larval growth ratio of Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) - Eduardo Paniagua-Jasso; Carlos Patricio Illescas-Riquelme; Ana Mabel Martínez-Castillo; Diana Vely García-Banderas; Miguel Aragón-Sánchez; José Isaac Figueroa-de la Rosa; Selene Ramos-Ortiz; Juan Manuel Chavarrieta-Yáñez; Samuel Pineda-Guillermo (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2025)

Acute electro cardiotoxicity of pesticide Aldrin: unexpected role of Nav1.5 - Diego Santos Souza; Samuel Santos Beserra; Leisiane Pereira Marques; Michael Ramon de Lima Conceição; Artur Santos-Miranda; Karina Oliveira Mota; Aimée Obolari Durço; Vinicius Fogaça-Santos; Jorge Lucas Teixeira-Fonseca; Elida Adalgisa Neri; Jose E. Krieger; Danilo Roman-Campos (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)

Exploring cadmium bioaccumulation and bioremediation mechanisms and related genes in soil microorganisms: a review - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle; Yani Aranguren-Diaz; Susana L. Ospina-Maldonado; Paula F. Chapuel-Aguillon; Maria F. Pertuz-Peña; Samuel P. Hernandez-Rivera; Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londoño (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses serious environmental and health risks. It reduces soil fertility and can cause renal failure, liver damage, bone fractures, hypercalciuria, and cancer in humans. Cd contamination in soil, originating from both natural and human activities, is especially concerning because it bioaccumulates in plants, entering the food chain and affecting crops like tomatoes, rice, cocoa, and lettuce. Understanding the mechanisms of Cd bioaccumulation and bioremediation in microorganisms isolated from Cd-contaminated soils is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate Cd contamination in soils. This review highlights recent studies on the mechanisms of Cd uptake and detoxification in microbes, emphasizing genes and enzymes that mediate Cd response. Microbial species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Burkholderia sp. , and Bacillus subtilis , along with various fungal species, show resistance mechanisms influenced by genes that enhance their Cd tolerance. Enzymes like peroxidases, ATPase, and sucrose play roles in Cd stress responses. Key genes such as czcA , czcD , zntA , cadA , and cadD encode proteins that improve their tolerance to Cd. These microbial mechanisms offer sustainable solutions to improve soil health, crop productivity, and environmental safety. Future research should focus on engineering microorganisms with improved Cd-binding mechanisms, optimizing their effectiveness across different soil types, pH levels, and exposure durations.

Nitrogen and phosphorus flow under three productive stages of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a hyperintensive aquaponic system with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) - Leticia Félix-Cuencas; Juan Fernando García-Trejo; Samuel López-Tejeida; Jesús Josafat de León-Ramírez (Aquaculture, 2025)

Turbidity reduces territory defence and exploration in an East African cichlid, Neolamprologus pulcher - Markus Zöttl; Jessica Cuccuru; Adrian Berge; Kristofer Bergström; Henrik Flink; Marc M. Hauber; Samuel Hylander; Francesca Leggieri; Oscar Nordahl; P. Andreas Svensson; Petter Tibblin; Carl Tamario (Animal Behaviour, 2025)

Compositional controls on the thermal conductivity of igneous rocks and a model for the conductivity of Antarctic crust - Simon Willcocks; Derrick Hasterok; Jacqueline A. Halpin; Jessica Walsh; Samuel Jennings (Tectonophysics, 2025)

Characteristics and quantifications of soil acidification under different land uses and depths in northern subtropical China - Yue Dong; Samuel Adingo; Xiaodong Song; Shuai Liu; Yiting Hu; Jianwei Zhang; Lei Wang; Cheng Ji; Jidong Wang (Soil and Tillage Research, 2025)

A marked sequential point process for disease surveillance: Modeling and optimization - François d’Alayer; Edith Gabriel; Samuel Soubeyrand (Spatial Statistics, 2025)

Geochemical fingerprinting of extra virgin olive oils based on radiogenic strontium isotopes - Samuel Pelacani; Simone Tommasini; Mattia Ferrari; Matthias Ghiotto; Elena Pecchioni; Roberto Riccio; Sandro Moretti (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Unsupervised deep clustering of high-resolution satellite imagery reveals phenotypes of urban development in Sub-Saharan Africa - A. Barbara Metzler; Ricky Nathvani; Viktoriia Sharmanska; Wenjia Bai; Simon Moulds; Nkechi Srodah Owoo; Iris Ekua Mensimah Fynn; Emily Muller; Esaie Dufitimana; Ghafi Kondi Akara; George Owusu; Samuel Agyei-Mensah; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Optimizing forest sector performance based on life cycle cost analysis and real options - Gustavo Alves de Melo; Thuliany Fernandes Araújo Paes; Jaqueline Severino da Costa; Carolina Souza Jarochinski e Silva; Luiz Gonzaga de Castro Júnior; Lucas Rezende Gomide; Maria Gabriela Mendonça Peixoto; Patrícia Guarnieri; Samuel Borges Barbosa; André Luiz Marques Serrano; Lucas Oliveira Gomes Ferreira (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

The emerging phyllite mining industry in Ghana: economic potential and policy implications - Kenneth Joseph Bansah; Lilian Owusu; Paul Junior Acquah; Abigail Boafo; Emmanuel Abrokwah; Samuel Yamoah Nyamekye (Resources Policy, 2025)

Retrospective study based on clinical records of veterinary diseases in Goiás, Central-West region of Brazil - Laura Beatriz Gomes Cerqueira; Beatriz Oliveira Braga; Samuel Salvador Marques; Pedro Henrique de Castro Santos; Yasmim Marques da Silva; Juliana Dias Martins; Sergio Tosi Cardim; Ana Maria Duque de Araujo Munhoz; Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos (Research in Veterinary Science, 2025)

Reconstructing Late Pleistocene relative sea levels on transgressed shelves: an example from central California - Elisa Medri; Alexander R. Simms; Jared Kluesner; Samuel Y. Johnson; Stuart P. Nishenko; H. Gary Greene; James E. Conrad; Devin Rand (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2025)

Leveraging lower body negative pressure for enhanced outcomes in orthopedic arthroplasty—Insights from NASA’s bone health research - Phani Paladugu; Rahul Kumar; Tamer Hage; Swapna Vaja; Tejas Sekhar; Samuel Weisberg; Kyle Sporn; Ethan Waisberg; Joshua Ong; AmarS. Vadhera; Mouayad Masalkhi; Ryung Lee; et al. (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2025)

Development of Nutrition and Physical Activity Literacy Frameworks and Assessment Tools for U.S. Adults - Aubree Hawley; Sydney Boudrey; Kristin Jett; Samuel Attu; Keith Santos; Xinya Liang; Erin Howie Hickey; Jamie Baum (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2025)

Addressing Food Insecurity in University Students: Barriers and Tailored Solutions for On- and Off-Campus Meal Access - Julia Gaiser; Anna Barbosa; Molly Waring; Amy Egbert; Samuel Nunes; Sydney Hodges; Valerie Duffy (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2025)

Simultaneous adsorption and hydrolysis of insensitive munition compounds by pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM) and functionalized PCM in soils - Nourin I. Seenthia; Wael Abdelraheem; Samuel A. Beal; Joseph J. Pignatello; Wenqing Xu (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Enhancing styrene biodegradation: Synergistic ABA-plant-bacteria strategy for intelligent bioremediation - Ravishankar Palanisamy; Satheesh Kumar Subramanian; Mario Kangeswaren; Samuel K. Asiedu; Venkatachalam Perumal; Chozhan K; Manoj Srinivas Ravi (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)