Exploring the boundaries of life cycle analysis in environmental hazard assessment - Diana Khripko; Samuel W. Short; Silviu O. Petrovan; David C. Aldridge; Julie Bremner; Andre M. Gomes; David F. Willer (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

K-Struvite precipitation from source-separated battery wastewater - Samuel Okyere Abayie; Lasse Rautio; Toni Kauppinen; Tao Hu; Sari Tuomikoski; Janne Pesonen (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Unraveling structure–activity–acidity relationships in transition metal-modified ZSM-5 catalysts for complete propane oxidation - Samuel Daniel; Hannington Nevin Otieno; Aqsa Liaqat; Jia-Ying Liu; Cedric Karel Fonzeu Monguen; Zhen-Yu Tian (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Microscopic and macroscopic failure mechanisms in sintered soda-lime glass spheres used as sandstone surrogates - Brett S. Kuwik; Max Daud; Gangmin (Jacob) Kim; Aidan Looney; Samuel Budoff; Mohmad M. Thakur; Ryan C. Hurley (International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2025)

Comparison of camera traps, eDNA, and visual encounter surveys for threatened species detection - Leah R.N. Samuels; Taylor Wilcox; Michelle Hoffman; Michele Elmore; Robert Aldredge; Benjamin S. Stegenga; James E. Bogan Jr.; Mark A. Davis; Stephanie Hertz; Michael K. Schwartz; Houston C. Chandler (Journal for Nature Conservation, 2025)

Faecal exposure in cholera hotspots: Sanipath exposure assessment in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya - Cecilia Mbae; Kelvin Kering; Michael Mugo; Habib Yakubu; Yuke Wang; Susan Kavai; Ronald Ngetich; Sheillah Mundalo; Diana Imoli; Christine Kioko; Collins Kebenei; Zillah Wakio; et al. (International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2025)

Uncovering the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of mushrooms in pecan orchards in the Southwestern United States - McKenzie L. Stock; Richard J. Heerema; Jennifer J. Randall; Adriana L. Romero-Olivares; Samuel A. Belteton; Ciro Velasco-Cruz; Nicole Pietrasiak (Fungal Biology, 2025)

Ecosystem-wide PFAS characterization and environmental behavior at a heavily contaminated desert oasis in the southwestern U.S. - Jean-Luc E. Cartron; Chauncey R. Gadek; Jonathan L. Dunnum; Christopher C. Witt; Mariel L. Campbell; Samuel J. Romero; Andrew B. Johnson; Julie Kutz; Christopher Wolf; Sarah J. Choyke; Joseph A. Cook (Environmental Research, 2025)

Residential exposure to road and railway traffic noise and incidence of dementia: The UK Biobank cohort study - Enock Havyarimana; Xiangpu Gong; Calvin Jephcote; Sarah Johnson; Sana Suri; Wuxiang Xie; Charlotte Clark; Anna L. Hansell; Yutong Samuel Cai (Environmental Research, 2025)

Connecting Landscapes: A decision support system to facilitate conservation led development - Patrick Jantz; David W. Macdonald; Ivan Gonzalez; Andrew J. Hearn; Żaneta Kaszta; Erin L. Landguth; Dawn Burnham; Scott J. Goetz; Katherine A. Zeller; Andrew J. Loveridge; Samuel Cushman (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

A review & critique of optimal fail-safe structural design - Edward A. Whiteside; Helen E. Fairclough; Samuel E. Rigby (Engineering Structures, 2025)

Building winning climate coalitions: Evidence from U.S. states - Samuel Trachtman; Irem Inal; Jonas Meckling (Energy Policy, 2025)

Harnessing nature: Evaluating cost-effective and globally sustainable solutions for Africa's environmental resilience - Michael Asiedu Kumi; Jinyan Zhan; Linyu Xu; Louis Addae-Wireko; Wei Liu; Zheng Yang; Fredrick Kwame Yeboah; Samuel Yeboah; Susana Addae-Wireko; Dakurah Collins Kyefondeme (Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2025)

On the sensitivity of Optimum Multiparameter Analysis: a California Current System case study - Mercedes Pozo Buil; Isaac Schroeder; Steven J. Bograd; Michael G. Jacox; Elliott L. Hazen; Dianne Deauna; Emanuele Di Lorenzo; Nicole S. Lovenduski; Samuel Mogen; Ryan R. Rykaczewski (Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2025)

Auto-Tuning for OpenMP Dynamic Scheduling applied to Full Waveform Inversion - Felipe H. Santos-da-Silva; João B. Fernandes; Idalmis M. Sardina; Tiago Barros; Samuel Xavier-de-Souza; Italo A.S. Assis (Computers & Geosciences, 2025)

Intensified modified fruit blender reactor for emulsifier synthesis via glycerol esterification of free fatty acids at mild conditions - Narita Chanthon; Kanokwan Ngaosuwan; Worapon Kiatkittipong; Doonyapong Wongsawaeng; Weerinda Mens; Nopphon Weeranoppanant; Apinan Soottitantawat; Pongtorn Charoensuppanimit; Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum; Suttichai Assabumrungrat (Bioresource Technology, 2025)

Decreases in chimpanzee respiratory disease signs and enteric viral quantity following implementation of anthroponotic disease prevention protocols at a long-term research site - Jacob D. Negrey; Samuel Angedakin; Rachna B. Reddy; Aaron A. Sandel; Salmah Jombela; Erone Akamumpa; Christopher Aliganyira; Charles Birungi; Davis Kalunga; Brian Kamugyisha; Diana Kanweri; Godfrey Mbabazi; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2025)

After expert elicitation: The importance of evidence-based conservation assessments to close knowledge gaps for threatened species conservation - Roy J. Teale; Joanne M. Potts; Peter Kendrick; Nathan Beerkens; Stewart Ford; John Graff; Michael Greenham; Joshua Keen; Samuel Oldfield; Paul Sawers (Biological Conservation, 2025)

Formation flight design via Constructal Law - Samuel A. Savitt (BioSystems, 2025)

Inter- and intraspecific morphological variation in the honeypot ants (Formicidae: Myrmecocystus) from Pacific coastal dunes of Baja California, Mexico - Samuel A. Hernández-Jiménez; Rosalía Aguilar-Medrano; Andrés Martínez-Aquino; F. Sara Ceccarelli (Zoomorphology, 2025)

Use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for the control of gingival inflammation in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease (PSADD): case report - Guilherme Ramon Vieira da Silva; Luiz Emanuel Campos Francelino; Samuel Ferreira de França Silvestre; Maria Danielle Chagas dos Santos; Francisco Joelson Correia de Freitas; Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de Sousa; Clodomiro Alves Júnior; Moacir Franco de Oliveira; Carlos Iberê Alves Freitas; Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de Moura (Veterinary Research Communications, 2025)

Reactive Transport and Péclet Number Analysis of Hydrogen Flux Pathways in Uniform Clay Matrix: Implications for Underground Storage - Samuel Bowman; Arkajyoti Pathak; Shikha Sharma (Transport in Porous Media, 2025)

Opioidergic modulation of monetary incentive delay fMRI responses - Samuel Turton; Peter C.T. Hawkins; Christopher Muller-Pollard; Evangelos Zois; Patricia Conrod; Fernando Zelaya; Mitul A. Mehta (Psychopharmacology, 2025)
Rationale It is hypothesised that modulation of striatal dopaminergic signalling plays a key role in the rewarding effects of opioids. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm used to investigate striatal responses, which may reflect striatal dopamine release, during the anticipation of a financial reward. Objectives We hypothesised that fentanyl would modulate striatal MID task Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses, reflecting opioidergic modulation of striatal dopaminergic signalling. Methods 24 right-handed males who undertook four MRI scanning sessions, during which they completed an MID task 15 min after receiving an intravenous infusion of either one of two doses of fentanyl (50 µg/70kg), naloxone (400 µg) or placebo (saline 0.9%), were included in the analyses. End tidal CO 2 data were collected to control for respiratory depression. Results We demonstrated fentanyl induced increases in MID task reward and loss anticipation BOLD compared with placebo and naloxone in both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. These results were in cortical regions including the lingual gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate and frontal pole rather than the striatum. Conclusions Our results show the primary effects of fentanyl on MID anticipation BOLD in regions associated with the preparation of a motor response to a salient visual cue, rather than in regions typically associated with reward processing such as the striatum. This suggests that opioid agonists do not affect striatal activation during the MID task. Tasks using naturalistic rewards, for example feeding, sex or social contact which induce endogenous opioid signalling, may be more appropriate to probe the effects of fentanyl on reward processing. These results are from male participants’ data and therefore may not be generalisable to female participants.

Tracer distribution in legume roots and soluble rhizodeposits over a few weeks after a triple isotope (13C, 15N, 33P) labeling - Pierre Stevenel; Samuel Abiven; Emmanuel Frossard; Idupulapati M. Rao; Federica Tamburini; Astrid Oberson (Plant and Soil, 2025)
Background and aims Belowground carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs by plants via roots and rhizodeposition are key drivers of these elements cycling in soils. Tracing and quantification of rhizodeposition using isotope enrichment techniques is based on assumptions that have not simultaneously been tested for C, N and P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare the elemental and isotopic composition (IC) of roots and soluble rhizodeposits for C, N and P; and (ii) to compare the IC of root segments of different ages to assess the homogeneity of root system labeling. Methods The legume Canavalia brasiliensis was grown in sand and labeled with 13 C, 15 N and 33 P by using a novel tri-isotope method in two different experiments lasting two (percolate collection) and three weeks (root observation) after labeling. Results Soluble rhizodeposits were less isotope enriched than roots at each time point, and each element showed a different course over time. The 13 C: 15 N and 13 C: 33 P ratios of rhizodeposits were higher shortly after labeling than at later samplings, highlighting faster transfer of 13 C than 15 N and 33 P into rhizodeposits. Phosphorus fertilizer increased the difference between IC of P in roots and rhizodeposits. Youngest root segments were more isotopically enriched than older segments, again with element specific time course, showing that root segments of different ages differ in IC. Conclusion Assumptions underlying the quantification of rhizodeposition are not met. Temporal and spatial differences in IC of roots and soluble rhizodeposits are element specific, which needs to be considered in stoichiometric studies.

Rooting for microbes: impact of root architecture on the microbial community and function in top- and subsoil - Adrian Lattacher; Samuel Le Gall; Youri Rothfuss; Chao Gao; Moritz Harings; Holger Pagel; Mona Giraud; Samir Alahmad; Lee T. Hickey; Ellen Kandeler; Christian Poll (Plant and Soil, 2025)
Background and aims Climate change and associated weather extremes pose major challenges to agricultural food production, necessitating the development of more resilient agricultural systems. Adapting cropping systems to cope with extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This study investigates the influence of contrasting root system architectures on microbial communities and functions in top- and subsoil. Methods A column experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different root architectures, specifically deep (DRS) and shallow (SRS) root systems of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) on microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and extracellular enzyme activities in soil. We focused on β-glucosidase (BG) activity, which is an indicator for microbial activity, during different plant growth stages, using destructive and non-destructive approaches. Results We found that the DRS promoted microbial biomass and enzyme activity in subsoil, while the SRS increased the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in topsoil. In-situ soil zymography provided fine-scale spatial insights, highlighting distinct patterns of BG activity near root centers and formation of enzyme activity hotspots, which were defined as regions where enzyme activity exceeds the mean activity level by 50%. Temporal changes in BG activity further underscored the dynamic nature of root-microbe interactions. Extracellular enzyme activities indicated varying carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition strategies of rhizosphere microorganisms between top- and subsoil. Conclusion This study underscores the need to consider root system architecture in agricultural strategies, as it plays a crucial role in influencing microbial communities and enzyme activities, ultimately affecting carbon and nutrient cycling processes in top- and subsoil.

Direct haploid formation in Arabidopsis using transgenic CENH3-based inducers - Gulzar A. Rather; Dana Ayzenshtat; Manoj Kumar; Emmanuella Aisemberg; Samuel Bocobza (Plant Cell Reports, 2025)

Cultural and molecular identification of fungal genera and species occurring in maize - Beatrice Nafula Tenge; William Maina Muiru; John Wangai Kimenju; Samuel Kimaru Linguya; Christine Schwake-Anduschus; Ruth Lodenyi Amata; Lawrence Ouma Onyango (Mycotoxin Research, 2025)

Diosmetin Attenuates Painful Symptoms Caused by Antineoplastics Paclitaxel and Anastrozole in Mice - Samuel Felipe Atuati; Gabriela Becker; Sara Marchesan Oliveira (Molecular Neurobiology, 2025)

Modelling the evolution of female genital schistosomiasis among female children with untreated urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria - Ronke D. Olorunfemi; Emmanuel A. Bakare; Uwem F. Ekpo; Afeez Abidemi; Idowu I. Olasupo; Samuel A. Osikoya; Oluwaseun A. Mogbojuri; Aaron O. Nwana; Musa Rabiu; Samson O. Olagbami; Steven I. Ikediashi; Rabiu Ibrahim; et al. (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2025)

Trace element distributions among Cu-(Fe)-sulfides from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia - Samuel A. King; Nigel J. Cook; Cristiana L. Ciobanu; Kathy Ehrig; Sarah Gilbert; Benjamin Wade; Yuri T. Campo Rodriguez (Mineralium Deposita, 2025)

Diverse but declining? Population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Nathusius’ pipistrelle along the Dutch coastline during the autumn migration period - Jaap van Schaik; Samuel Schuler; Karina Stienstra; René Janssen; Daan Dekeukeleire; Jan P.C. Boshamer; Bart C.A. Noort; Josien Steenbergen; Sander Lagerveld (Mammalian Biology, 2025)
Migratory bats are experiencing substantial increases in mortality risk from wind energy developments, but data on their migratory behavior and population dynamics are often lacking. Here, we develop a novel microsatellite panel for one such migratory bat species, the Nathusius’ pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus nathusii ), and apply it to 448 samples collected at stopover sites along the Dutch coast during autumn migration over four consecutive years. With this dataset, we assessed whether the population is genetically sub-structured, characterize its current genetic diversity, and evaluate whether mothers guide their offspring during migration. We found that the population is panmictic and diverse, with an effective population size estimate that cannot be distinguished from infinite. However, we also observed a consistent decline in allelic richness across the sampling period, as well as a heterozygote excess in individuals sampled as juveniles, both suggesting an ongoing population decline. We did not find any parent-offspring pairs in our dataset, which included 30 box captures where adult female and juvenile bats were found roosting together, suggesting that juvenile bats do not follow their mothers during their first migration. Our findings provide an initial characterization and baseline measure of genetic diversity for the Nathusius’ pipistrelle that can be used as a reference for subsequent studies and systematic efforts to monitor the genetic diversity of the species. Given that monitoring population trends of migratory bat species with traditional methods remains challenging, such tracking of genetic diversity may offer a valuable proxy by which to observe substantial population declines if they occur.

Anti-Diabetic Effect of Herbal Formulation (Glymin Plus) on Experimental Model: Possible Role in GLP-1 Associated Pathway - S. Sheethal; Svenia P. Jose; M. Ratheesh; Sony Rajan; S. Sandya; Sarala Samuel; Jayashree Madhavan (Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 2025)

The impact of weather shocks on food security in Uganda: a panel regression analysis - Michael Hübler; Brian Ogenrwoth; Ronald Walusimbi; Peter Ssali; Jackline Bonabana; Samuel Kyamanywa (Food Security, 2025)
Climate change endangers food security globally and in Uganda particularly. Our objective was the assessment of weather shocks’ impact on the food security of smallholder households in Uganda. We used the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) data. A multistage cluster sampling procedure had been employed to recruit respondents. We used the periods 2013/2014, 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 to construct an unbalanced panel with 3,935 observations. We employed Poisson and logit fixed effects panel regressions. Food security was measured as the number of meals consumed by a farming household each day or alternatively the likelihood of experiencing a food shortage. Our main result is that weather shocks unequivocally reduce households’ food security. Furthermore, households that are large, female-headed, lack literacy or assets or reside in Northern Uganda or in rural areas tend to suffer from reduced food security. In contrast, non-agricultural (business) activities improve the food security of households. Households with low asset ownership or residing in the North are hit hardest by weather shocks in terms of the number of meals, while households with middle asset ownership are hit hardest regarding food shortages. For development policy, our results are in favour of region-specific support for climate adaptation and for non-agricultural (business) activities, the improvement of literacy via better education and support for building up assets or starting non-agricultural (business) activities.

Scrutinizing Acalitus simplex Flechtmann et Etienne (Eriophyidae): an eriophyoid mite associated with Ruellia spp. (Acanthaceae) - Marcello De Giosa; Livia M. S. Ataide; Adam G. Dale; Daniel A. Hahn; Xingbo Wu; Ronald Ochoa; Samuel Bolton; Kevin R. Cloonan; Alexandra M. Revynthi (Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2025)

Review on the robustness of technologies and strategies in removal of hexavalent chromium: a biological perspective - Ayaan Ebrahim; Parry Dey; Jastin Samuel; W Jabez Osborne (BioMetals, 2025)

Effective and fair policy to mobilize industrial carbon dioxide removal - Soyoung Oh; Samuel Eberenz; Matthias Honegger; Olivia Wallis; Axel Michaelowa; Matthias Poralla (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2025)
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which emerged in climate models as a largely abstract idea, has evolved into a set of specific methods and spawned calls for supportive policies. Industrial approaches through the use of biomass combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), as well as direct air capture with storage (DACS) compete for scarce resources. We examine emerging conflicts that shape policy design to mobilize industrial removals by examining ideas, institutions, and interests and their interplay, conflicts, and alignments. We base our analysis on semi-structured interviews and stakeholder workshops in addition to emerging CDR policy literature. Arguably, technology developers, industry, civil society, and policymakers put forward ideas in a way that tends to advance their interests over others. Dominant ideas of CDR methods – including the notion that these would inherently be done at a large scale – have proven challenging to forming constructive policy discussion and made unhelpful generalizations of environmental performance, social desirability, or scalability of entire CDR methods. We outline opportunities and barriers to advance sound policies that scale the removal of CO 2 effectively, efficiently, and fairly by outlining synergies, trade-offs, and conflicts in the current policymaking landscape of BECCS and DACS.

The effective hawkmoth pollination of Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) beyond Africa - Mardiore Pinheiro; Ana Paula dos Santos Farias; Rodrigo Ferraz Ramos; Rubem Samuel Avila Jr (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2025)

Discovery of phage CSF, a novel generalist bacteriophage targeting multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus spp. - Faizan Ahmad; Vitor Emanuel Lanes Viana; Rafael Reis de Rezende; Samuel Sathler Martuchelle; Anderson Souza Cabral; Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira; Isabella Monteiro Carvalho; Sandy de Almada Estanislau; Nohman Rasheed; Poliane Alfenas Zerbini; Monalessa Fábia Pereira; Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval; et al. (Archives of Virology, 2025)

Gravitropic Gene Expression Divergence Associated With Adaptation to Contrasting Environments in an Australian Wildflower - Zoe Broad; James Lefevre; Melanie J. Wilkinson; Samuel Barton; Francois Barbier; Hyungtaek Jung; Diane Donovan; Daniel Ortiz‐Barrientos (Molecular Ecology, 2025)
Plants adapt to their local environment through complex interactions between genes, gene networks and hormones. Although the impact of gene expression on trait regulation and evolution has been recognised for many decades, its role in the evolution of adaptation is still a subject of intense exploration. We used a Multi‐parent Advanced Generation Inter‐Cross (MAGIC) population, which we derived from crossing multiple parents from two distinct coastal ecotypes of an Australia wildflower, Senecio lautus . We focused on studying the contrasting gravitropic behaviours of these ecotypes, which have evolved independently multiple times and show strong responses to natural selection in field experiments, emphasising the role of natural selection in their evolution. Here, we investigated how gene expression differences have contributed to the adaptive evolution of gravitropism. We studied gene expression in 60 pools at five time points (30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min) after rotating half of the pools 90°. We found 428 genes with differential expression in response to the 90° rotation treatment. Of these, 81 genes (~19%) have predicted functions related to the plant hormones auxin and ethylene, which are crucial for the gravitropic response. By combining insights from Arabidopsis mutant studies and analysing our gene networks, we propose a preliminary model to explain the differences in gravitropism between ecotypes. This model suggests that the differences arise from changes in the transport and availability of the two hormones auxin and ethylene. Our findings indicate that the genetic basis of adaptation involves interconnected signalling pathways that work together to give rise to new ecotypes.

Tradeoffs between elemental homeostasis and growth govern freshwater phytoplankton responses to salinization - Samuel A. T. Dias; Clay Prater; Adriana Diaz‐Delgado; Natalie A. Clay; Sally A. Entrekin; Michelle A. Evans‐White (Limnology and Oceanography, 2025)
Anthropogenic salinization resulting from road salt application can degrade aquatic environments by altering the structure and function of phytoplankton communities, ultimately reducing flows of resources through aquatic food webs. However, physiological mechanisms underlying taxon‐specific responses to salinization are often poorly linked to higher‐order ecosystem dynamics, limiting our ability to predict community responses to salinization. To this end, we tested hypotheses derived from Subsidy‐Stress and Ecological Stoichiometry theory by growing two cosmopolitan genera, Dolichospermum (prokaryotic, cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus (eukaryotic, green algae), across NaCl gradients and contrasting differences in their growth rates, degree of Na homeostasis, and cellular C : N : P ratios. We found mixed support for the subsidy‐stress hypothesis, with only stress responses observed for both species. Instead, growth declines appeared to be linked to stoichiometric tradeoffs between growth and homeostatic regulation, with stronger homeostatic Na regulation coinciding with a greater reduction in Scenedesmus growth rates and higher variation in their stoichiometric C : N : P ratios across NaCl gradients. Nonhomeostatic Na regulation allowed Dolichospermum to sustain higher growth rates, which appeared to constrain variation in their stoichiometric C : N : P ratios along with their stronger physiological regulation of intracellular P storage molecule production. Differences in phytoplankton growth responses were consistent with stoichiometric theory and field observations documenting shifts from green algae to cyanobacteria in response to freshwater salinization. Our results suggest that these shifts could take place below existing North American chronic threshold limits, resulting in decreased production at higher trophic levels by reducing phytoplankton biomass production rates and inducing nutritional stress in consumers.

Was Scotland covered by an ice sheet during Marine Isotope Stage 4? Insights from the pre‐Last Glacial Maximum marine terraces of northwest Scotland - Alexander R. Simms; Regina DeWitt; Sarah L. Bradley; Emily Huffman; Louise Best; Tom Bradwell; Jeremy M. Lloyd; Samuel B. Kachuck (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2025)
Raised shorelines provide important constraints on past sea levels, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), and rates and directions of vertical crustal motion. Although most raised shorelines across NW Scotland relate to post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacial‐isostatic rebound, many undated shorelines lie above the marine limit established from isolation basins. Here, we present new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for a raised marine terrace at an elevation of 28 m in Slaggan Bay of NW Scotland. Four OSL ages suggest the feature is pre‐LGM, likely Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Global mean sea levels (GMSL) during MIS 3 are thought to have been ~40–60 m below present across most of the globe. We use a pair of GIA models to determine what ice sheet and sea‐level scenarios might provide an explanation for these anomalously high sea levels during MIS 3. Our results suggest that in the absence of tectonic activity, such high MIS 3 shorelines across NW Scotland require a MIS 4 ice sheet in Scotland, with postglacial rebound of the crustal depression following its demise during MIS 3 responsible for the elevated shoreline features at that time.

Reconstructing the late Pleistocene glacial history of the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland, using paired cosmogenic 10 Be and 14 C - Samuel E. Kelley; Alice M. Doughty; Nathaniel Lifton; Simon Pendleton; Cormac O'Brien; Graeme Warren (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2025)
Chronologic and geomorphic evidence of past glaciations is largely recorded in areas at relatively low elevation and/or landscapes defined by high glacial erosion. As a result, data from areas that did not experience significant glacial erosion and the highest elevation locations are lacking from reconstructions of past ice masses. Here, we use paired 10 Be and 14 C exposure dating on quartz derived from glacial erratics and bedrock to resolve past ice mass fluctuations across an elevation and geomorphic gradient in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland. We find that the highest elevation samples in our dataset, at 1140 m above sea level, yield 10 Be ages indicating 23 000 years of exposure and are at secular equilibrium for 14 C, indicative of a single period of exposure starting as a nunatak during the Last Glacial Maximum. Other samples from above 1000 m elevation produce 14 C exposure ages indicating deglaciation during the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, while 10 Be concentrations display varying levels of inheritance due to local variations in glacial and non‐glacial erosion. Samples from lower elevations indicate a Lateglacial moraine building event 15 000 years ago, coincident with the Wester Ross readvance, followed by a period of glacier retreat interrupted by moraine deposition at ~14 000 and ~11 000 years ago. This dataset reconstructs both thinning and marginal recession of paleo‐ice masses within the Cairngorm Mountains across a >600 m vertical gradient during the most recent glacial–interglacial transition, demonstrating the utility of paired 10 Be/ 14 C exposure dating in ice mass reconstructions in areas of low glacial erosion, increasing the geomorphic diversity of chronologic data available for glacial reconstructions.

Distinguishing Short‐Term Versus Long‐Term Responses in Cover‐Class Structured Community Dynamics: A Test With Grassland Drought Response - Aryaman Gupta; Samuel J. L. Gascoigne; György Barabás; Benjamin Wong Blonder; Man Qi; Erola Fenollosa; Rachael Thornley; Christina Hernandez; Andy Hector; Roberto Salguero‐Gómez (Ecology Letters, 2025)
Climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation extremes. Consequently, grassland community dynamics are destabilising and becoming harder to predict since models typically simulate long‐term (asymptotic) behaviour, potentially neglecting short‐term (transient) behaviour. Here, we use cover data from an experiment performed over 8 years to model short‐ and long‐term responses of three functional groups (grasses, legumes, and non‐leguminous forbs) to precipitation extremes. We use Integral Projection Models (IPMs) and pseudospectral theory to track transient grassland community dynamics driven by response lags and interannual shifts. We show that the cover‐class structure and inter‐cover‐class interactions of functional groups make them transiently unstable but asymptotically stable, that is, disturbances are initially amplified before eventually dissipating. We also show that grasses dominate under irrigation, while legumes and forbs dominate under drought. We demonstrate that the pseudospectra of IPMs enable computationally and data‐wise inexpensive assessment of whether transient dynamics drive community responses to disturbances.

International consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears - Eric V. Regehr; Erik M. Andersen; Melissa P. Galicia; Samuel A. Iverson; Lindsey S. Mangipane; Evan S. Richardson; Fernando Ugarte; Susannah P. Woodruff (Conservation Biology, 2025)
Multilateral agreements are required for the effective management of large carnivores with ranges that cross geopolitical boundaries. This is particularly important for species subject to rapid changes in distribution or demographic status due to climate warming. We considered 3 international consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ), a circumpolar species threatened by sea‐ice loss and harvested by Indigenous Peoples for subsistence. First, we defined a biologically sustainable harvest as one that occurs at a rate likely to maintain subpopulation abundance above maximum net productivity level. Second, we determined the type of scientific assessment needed to identify a sustainable harvest, which includes synthesizing or collecting information on habitat conditions, spatial population structure, and human‐caused removals and conducting a field study to estimate ecological indices or demographic parameters. Third, we delineated the components of a sustainable harvest management regime, which include implementing harvest at a biologically sustainable rate, having the ability to monitor and adjust harvest levels, and following a state‐dependent management approach. The consensus principles are supported by the 5 nations with polar bears (Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, and the United States) under an international treaty. They are designed to provide consistent guidance while allowing different jurisdictions the flexibility to tailor harvest strategies to their situations. Adapting similar principles to other systems could help mitigate the global conservation crisis for large carnivores.

Cellular senescence—from solid organs to vascularized composite allotransplants - Leonard Knoedler; Andreas Schroeter; Jasper Iske; Jillian Dean; Sam Boroumand; Thomas Schaschinger; Tobias Niederegger; Samuel Knoedler; Adriana C. Panayi; Max Heiland; Stefan G. Tullius; Bohdan Pomahac; et al. (GeroScience, 2025)
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a novel therapy approach to restore form and function in patients with severe tissue defects of the face, hand, and abdominal wall, among other anatomical regions. The composite allografts comprise different tissues such as skin, muscle, or bone. Clinical data demonstrate promising mid- and long-term outcomes following VCA surgery, but our understanding of the cellular interactions and molecular pathways in VCA surgery is oftentimes deduced from solid organ transplantation (SOT). In SOT, the concept of cellular senescence has grown increasingly popular which is characterized by a permanent cellular proliferation arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Senescent cells, through the release of mitochondrial DNA and secretion of proinflammatory proteins, can amplify the immunogenicity of transplants, hindering graft acceptance and longevity. This understanding has paved the way for novel interventions, including the use of senolytics—agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells—to modulate immune responses and mediate immunotolerance. There is a body of evidence that underlines the therapeutic potential of senescence to improve SOT outcomes; however, the relevance of senescence to VCA outcomes remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize the current literature on senescence in different solid organ transplants and outline the potential impact of senescence on VCA outcomes. This knowledge may help providers develop a broader understanding of the cellular and molecular landscape in VCA to develop targeted therapies and advance VCA patient care.

Flow Dynamics and Local Scour Around Seabed-Mounted Artificial Reefs: A Case Study from Torbay, UK - Amir Bordbar; Jakub Knir; Vasilios Kelefouras; Samuel John Stephen Hickling; Harrison Short; Yeaw Chu Lee (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
This study investigates the flow dynamics and local scour around a Reef Cube® artificial reef deployed in Torbay, UK, using computational fluid dynamics. The flow is modelled using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with a k-ω SST turbulence model. A novel hydro-morphodynamic model employing the generalized internal boundary method in HELYX (OpenFOAM-based) is used to simulate scour development. Model performance was validated against experimental data for flow fields, bed shear stress, and local scour. Flow simulations across various scenarios demonstrated that parameters such as the orientation angle and arrangement of Reef Cubes significantly influence flow patterns, bed shear stress, and habitat suitability. The hydro-morphodynamic model was used to simulate scouring around a reef cube in the Torbay marine environment. Results indicate that typical tidal flow velocity flow in the region is barely sufficient to initiate sediment motion, whereas extreme flow events, represented by doubling the mean flow velocity, significantly accelerate scour development, producing holes up to ten times deeper. These findings underscore the importance of considering extreme flow conditions in scour analyses due to their potential impact on the stability and failure risk of AR projects.

Editorial Expression of Concern: Human placental mesenchymal stromal cell therapy restores the cytokine efflux and insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes rat model - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi; Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath; Sukesh Narayan Sinha; R. Bhonde; Sathish Kumar Mungamuri; Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan (Human Cell, 2025)

Pharmacophoric analogs of Savolitinib reveal promising inhibitors of the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase for drug discovery: in silico investigation - Lateef Adegboyega Sulaimon; Hameedah Ayanfunke Bamiji; Mercy Eshiet Akpekong; Toyyibat Adelola Asade; Usman Jamila Bashir; Damola Habeeb Adetunji; Ireoluwa Yinka Joel; Rahmat Adetutu Adisa; Titilola Aderonke Samuel; Ashraf Akintayo Akintola (In Silico Pharmacology, 2025)

Unravelling the long-term river health status of Kruger National Park Rivers using macroinvertebrate-based monitoring - Hendrik Sithole; Samuel N. Motitsoe; Thendo Mutshekwa; Musa C. Mlambo (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)
The burgeoning population growth and landscape developments over the last decades have had a profound effect on natural resources including riverine water quality and quantity. This resulted in increased pollution events, loss of aquatic biodiversity and the introduction of alien invasive species, which cumulatively have transformed freshwater ecosystem structure, processes and functions. Macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring, like the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5), is a fast and effective way to assess water and habitat quality. However, studies reporting long-term biomonitoring are rare in many Global South systems. Also, river health within protected areas is generally regarded better than those outside, with the park potentially offering refugium and ideal conditions for rivers to recover. However, Kruger National Park (KNP) rivers get impacted by mining and domestic sewage upstream, before entering the park, and it is not clear how much remediation happens as the rivers flows downstream within the park. The current study was initiated to investigate the long-term river health status of four major river systems flowing across the iconic KNP, using SASS5 biomonitoring and selected physico-chemical parameters. Our results showed that SASS5 indices showed difference in their sensitive to anthropogenic impacts, both in space and time. Long-term dataset revealed that the ability of the rivers to recover from poor to good quality (and vice versa) was quite rapid, and also some rivers were progressively declining (e.g. Olifants and Crocodile rivers) while others were improving (e.g. Luvuvhu and Sabie rivers). Consequently, SASS5 appeared to be a useful tool in assessing the long-term health of KNP rivers, providing valuable insights into the overall ecological conditions and water quality of these important aquatic ecosystems that will assist in the park water resource management strategies. Further, our results demonstrated high sensitivity and quick response of macroinvertebrates to disturbance, and an improvement potential as the rivers transversed the park.

CRISPR screening approaches in breast cancer research - Mark Samuels; Simoni Besta; Andrea Lauer Betrán; Reza Shirazi Nia; Xiaohong Xie; Xidong Gu; Qijin Shu; Georgios Giamas (Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2025)
The emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has transformed functional genomics, offering unmatched opportunities to dissect and understand biological pathways and identify novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women, particularly when diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stages where effective treatments are limited. High-throughput CRISPR screening is undoubtedly a powerful tool to discover novel drug targets, uncover synthetic lethal interactions, and identify vulnerabilities in cancer. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of breast cancer developed through CRISPR-based screening technology, particularly in identifying drivers of breast cancer progression, growth, and metastasis, as well as in identifying potential new therapeutic targets and combination therapies. We discuss recent discoveries, current challenges, and limitations of this approach and explore how advancements in CRISPR technology could have a profound impact on the future of breast cancer treatment.

Eco-environmental impact of hurricane John (September 24, 2024) along the coastal municipalities of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico - Godwyn Paulson Pitchaimani; Sudharsan Santhanakrishnan; Samuel Pérez Rodríguez; Marco Antonio Moreno Ibarra; Mario Alberto González Torres; Jonathan Muthuswamy Ponniah (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)

The role of clean energy in enhancing the environmental Kuznets Curve: empirical evidence from Ghana's hydropower industry - Kamal Deen Moro; Jiancheng Xi; Michael Provide Fumey; Samuel Duku Yeboah; Gabriel Mordzifa Sackitey (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2025)

Assessing groundwater pollution using advanced statistical techniques and pollution indices near a coal fly ash dump in parts of Oji-river, Nigeria - Chinyere Caroline Amadi; Christopher Osita Okeke; Samuel Onyekachi Onyekuru; Chikwendu Njoku Okereke; Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)

Population genetic profiling of Rac1 via GnomAD informs miRNA-Driven precision targeting for treatment-resistant hypertension and malaria - Selassie Louis Ameke; Kwadwo Fosu; Lucas Amenga-Etego; Kwabena Amofa Nketia Sarpong; Samuel Kojo Kwofie (Genome Instability & Disease, 2025)

A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria presenting 13 years after leaving an endemic area - David Hettle; Mustafa Elsayed; Samuel Mensah; Francesca Neuberger; Debbie Nolder; Hristina Vasileva; Kevin Tetteh; Tim Cutfield; Imogen Jones; Spencer Polley; Louise Turner; Thomas Lavstsen; et al. (Infectious Diseases, 2025)

Presence and Potential Effect of Microplastics Associated with Anthropic Activity in Two Benthic Fishes Serranus scriba and Lithognathus mormyrus - Amanda Cohen-Sánchez; Juan Alejandro Sanz; Montserrat Compa; Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés; Maria del Mar Ribas-Taberner; Lorenzo Gil; Silvia Tejada; Samuel Pinya; Antoni Sureda (Fishes, 2025)
Plastic pollution poses a massive problem to the environment, particularly seas and oceans. Microplastics (MPs) ingestion by marine species can generate many adverse effects, including causing oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effects of anthropic activity-related MP presence in two coastal fish species—Serranus scriba (more related to rocky bottoms) and Lithognathus mormyrus (more related to sandy bottoms)—in two areas of Mallorca Island (Western Mediterranean) with varying anthropic pressures with similar mixed rocky/sandy bottoms. A total of eight fish samples per species and per area (total n = 32), as well as three water samples (500 mL each) and three sediment samples per area, were collected and analyzed. The results showed that despite plastic presence in both areas, the area with higher tourism affluence was also the most polluted. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the majority of recovered polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene. The pattern of MPs presence was reflected in the biomarker analysis, which showed higher values of antioxidants, namely catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); detoxification, namely glutathione s-transferase (GST); and inflammation, namely myeloperoxidase (MPO)—enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of fish from the more polluted area. However, no statistical differences were found for malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation. As for differences between species, S. scriba presented a higher presence of MPs and measured biomarkers than in L. Mormyrus, suggesting higher exposure. In conclusion, these results showed that increased anthropic activity is associated with a higher presence of MPs which, in turn, induces an adaptative response in exposed fish. Moreover, species living in the same area could be differentially affected by MPs, which is probably associated with different behavioural and feeding habits.

Assessment of CNN-based methods for discrimination of olive planting systems with Sentinel-2 images - Cristina Martínez-Ruedas; Samuel Yanes-Luis; Rafael Linares-Burgos; Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina; Isabel Luisa Castillejo-González (Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2025)

Probing behavior analysis of foxglove aphids on soybean genotypes using the DC-EPG system - Samuel A. Fasusi; Bo Yoon Seo; Hong Min Koh; Ji-Min Kim; Sungtaeg Kang (Crop Protection, 2025)

Deep learning approach to detect and visualize sexual dimorphism in monomorphic species - Nicolas J. Silva; André C. Ferreira; Liliana R. Silva; Samuel Perret; Sonia Tieo; Julien P. Renoult; Rita Covas; Claire Doutrelant (Animal Behaviour, 2025)

Towards a whole process engineering approach for enhancing physical and psychological health in underground environments: A systematic review - Isabelle Y.S. Chan; Samuel Twum-Ampofo; Benjamin K. Ababio; Frank Ato Ghansah; Shimeng Li (Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2025)

Analyzing urban thermal comfort changes due to modifications in urban material properties in a large-scale new town: A CFD study based on the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) - Jaekyoung Kim; Samuel Park; Gunwon Lee (Sustainable Cities and Society, 2025)

Gross soil phosphorus fluxes remain constant along forest recovery trajectories in Central Africa - Viktor Van de Velde; Lucia Fuchslueger; Judith Prommer; Jonathan Bachiseze Magala; Joseph Lokana Mande; Sebastian Doetterl; Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele; Wolfgang Wanek; Samuel Bodé; Andreas Richter; Marijn Bauters; Pascal Boeckx (Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2025)

Holocene coral assemblages reveal similarities to living communities in Singapore's urban reef environment - Y.K. Samuel Chan; Ambert C.F. Ang; Min Choo; Ren Min Oh; Kyle M. Morgan; Peter A. Todd; Michael J. O'Leary; Danwei Huang (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Barbatimão bark as an alternative to sodium lasalocid in finishing diets for lambs: Carcass characteristics and meat quality - Aylpy R.D. Santos; Cristiane R. Barbosa; Carla G. Souza; Tatiane Fernandes; Renata A. Chagas; Samuel R. Navarro; Alexandre R.M. Fernandes; Fernando M. Vargas Junior (Meat Science, 2025)

Socially exclusive patterns in the availability and number of bus stop shelters - Samuel de França Marques (Journal of Transport Geography, 2025)

Mutant emergence timing and population immunisation status impact epidemiological dynamics - Bastien Reyné; Ramsès Djidjou-Demasse; Mircea T. Sofonea; Samuel Alizon (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Reported Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Individuals of Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups - Tatyana Johnson; Ann K. Kan; Lauren B. Bonner; Linda Van Horn; Kiarri N. Kershaw; William A. Grobman; Karen L. Lindsay; Michelle P. Debbink; Brian M. Mercer; David M. Haas; George R. Saade; Uma Reddy; et al. (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Effect of slurry bio-acidification and leonardite addition on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in soil-plant mesocosms - Fawad Khan; Samuel Franco-Luesma; Baldur Janz; Michael Dannenmann; Rainer Gasche; Andreas Gattinger; Waqas Qasim; Ralf Kiese; Benjamin Wolf (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Evaluating the recyclability of electronic car parts through disassemblability, thermodynamic and metallurgical analyses - Samuel Alcoceba-Pascual; Abel Ortego; Nicolás I. Villanueva-Martínez; Antoinette van Schaik; Markus A. Reuter; Marta Iglesias-Émbil; Alicia Valero (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Reliability of satellite-based vegetation maps for planning wildfire-fuel treatments in shrub steppe: Inferences from two contrasting national parks - Samuel “Jake” Price; Chad R. Kluender; Matthew J. Germino; Thomas Rodhouse (Journal of Environmental Management, 2025)

The first report of quadricuspid aortic valve in cattle: clinical, anatomical and histological findings in three Holstein cattle - Samuel Kalpers; Sander Prins; Katherine Ings; Jayne Orr; Mark P. Dagleish (Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2025)

Hydrological change from space geodetic data and correlation with climate indices in Sudan - Walyeldeen Godah; Samuel Milki Yadeta; Alexander Braun (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2025)

The effect of out-of-equilibrium outgassing on the cooling of planetary magma oceans - Arthur Walbecq; Henri Samuel; Angela Limare (Icarus, 2025)

Oxygen-isotope variations in refractory inclusions from Rumuruti-type chondrites: Evidence for nebular gas heterogeneity and parent-body exchange - Samuel Ebert; Kazuhide Nagashima; Alexander N. Krot; Addi Bischoff (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

Immunological characterization of the rainbow trout bursa - Beatriz Abós; Esther Morel; Laura Fernández-del Ama; M. Camino Ordás; Samuel Vicente-Gil; Juan Carlos Carrasco; Erling Olaf Koppang; Carolina Tafalla; J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado (Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2025)

Bacillus subtilis supplemented feeding as a method to increase IgM titers and affinity in response to fish vaccination - Samuel Vicente-Gil; Rocío Simón; Silvia Nogales-Mérida; Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz; Belén Fouz; Claudia Serra; M. Camino Ordás; Beatriz Abós; J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado; E. Morel; Patricia Díaz-Rosales; Carolina Tafalla (Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2025)

Selecting crop variables and parameters for the calibration of a new cultivar in a crop model: A case study of winter wheat for STICS - Meije Gawinowski; Maël Aubry; Samuel Buis; Cécile Garcia; Jean-Charles Deswarte; Marie-Odile Bancal; Marie Launay (European Journal of Agronomy, 2025)

Evaluating the AgMIP calibration protocol for crop models; case study and new diagnostic tests - Daniel Wallach; Kwang Soo Kim; Shinwoo Hyun; Samuel Buis; Peter Thorburn; Henrike Mielenz; Sabine Julia Seidel; Phillip D. Alderman; Benjamin Dumont; Mohammad Hassan Fallah; Gerrit Hoogenboom; Eric Justes; et al. (European Journal of Agronomy, 2025)

Analytical deflection modelling of symmetric non-prismatic reinforced laterite-concrete slabs - Ocholuje Samuel Ogbo; Emmanuel Owoichoechi Momoh; Emmanuel E. Ndububa; Mutolib Kehinde Adeshina (Engineering Structures, 2025)

Comparative analysis of the energy-saving potential of a hybrid deep dam water cooling system for data centers - Nicholas Lamptey Boafo; Selorm Kwaku Anka; Samuel Boahen; Jong Min Choi (Energy and Buildings, 2025)

Electronic state reconfiguration of NiMoCox boosts electrocatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate plastic wastes for simultaneous production of formate and green hydrogen - Shaofeng Wang; Shuaidong Li; Yutong Li; Yue Xu; Zhaomeng Wu; Yingjian He; Yongwei Zhao; Zheer An; Ying Lan; Yanxiao Hu; Jingzi Zhang; Yan Huang; et al. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Pivotal role of lactate-to-ethanol ratio in medium-chain fatty acids production without operational pH adjustment - Samuel Gyebi Arhin; Alessandra Cesaro; Francesco Di Capua; Giovanni Esposito (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Unveiling the efficacy of TiO2-mediated calcareous nanocatalyst towards cost-effective biodiesel synthesis - Rashid Imran Ahmad Khan; D. Rhithuparna; Abdul Razzaq Khan; Sadaf Ahmad; Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum; Gopinath Halder (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2025)

The role of Tropical Easterly Jet on improving the predictability of summer rainfall variability over the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia - Abebe Kebede; Samuel Takele Kenea; Lev D. Labzovskii; Venkatraman Prasanna; B. Preethi (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2025)

Reduced GIRK expression in midbrain dopamine neurons during prolonged abstinence from fentanyl self-administration - Narges Pachenari; Amy L. Channell; Andrew J. Belilos; Samuel J. Dienel; Khaled Moussawi (Psychopharmacology, 2025)
Rationale Despite decades of research and medical development, relapse to drug seeking continues to be a significant challenge in the treatment of substance use disorders. GABA B receptor (GABA B -R) agonists have been shown preclinically to inhibit relapse by acting on midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and are sometimes used off-label for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Studies in rodent models show reduced GABA B -R signaling in DA neurons after exposure to stimulants. Similarly, our recent data demonstrated reduced GABA B -R currents in DA neurons during prolonged abstinence from fentanyl vapor self-administration (SA). However, the mechanism of opioid-induced changes in GABA B -R currents is not well understood. In addition, GABA B -R agonists are plagued with a plethora of side effects limiting their potential clinical use. Objectives In this study we aimed to answer the following questions: first, can we use GABA B -R positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) to inhibit relapse to opioid seeking? Secondly, how do opioids result in reduced GABA B -R signaling during prolonged abstinence? Approach To this end, we tested the effects of a novel GABA B -R PAM (KK-92A) on reinstatement of drug seeking in a rat model of intravenous (IV) fentanyl SA. Using in situ hybridization with RNAscope, we examined the effects of opioids on mRNA levels of various genes involved in GABA B -R signaling, in two rodent models of opioid addiction including a rat model of IV fentanyl SA and a mouse model of fentanyl vapor SA. Results Our results show that KK-92A inhibits relapse to fentanyl but not sucrose-seeking in rats, and fentanyl SA results in reduced mRNA levels of the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel subtypes 2 and 3 (GIRK 2/3 ). Conclusion These findings suggest that PAMs like KK-92A are a potential therapeutic strategy for opioid use disorder and their effect is likely due to rectifying GABA B -R mediated inhibition of midbrain DA neurons, which is reduced after opioid SA due to reduced GIRK 2/3 expression.

Theoretical frameworks of risk perception and protective behaviour: an empirical comparison - Samuel Rufat; Paul Hudson; Eric Enderlin (Natural Hazards, 2025)
Climate change and socio-economic development in disaster-prone areas are causing rising risks over time, especially flooding, which is a worsening global issue. Flood risk management requires proactive action by all the stakeholders, including those residing in flood-prone areas, and understanding how these humans perceive flood risk and adapt is crucial for effective disaster risk management policy. However, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in how researchers from the different disciplines involved have approached this field, including social vulnerability. While this has resulted in a range of competing theories that have been operationalised, they are usually implemented in different studies instead of empirically compared. This paper addresses this gap by comparing the power of the six main behavioural theories (Expected Utility Theory; Protection Motivation Theory; Protective Action Decision Model; Social Capital Theory; Hazards-of-Place; and Cultural Theory of Risk). We explore the extent to which the theories explain risk perceptions relative to one another; the extent to which they explain adaptive behaviour compared to each other; and better than others. We conduct this analysis using a sample of 5,000 Paris metropolitan residents surveyed in 2022. Our analysis finds that the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) and the Hazards-of-Place (HoP) inspired models describe the largest amount of observed variability. While no theory was very effective at predicting specific emergency behaviours, they are often overlooked in the literature. Moreover, rationalist and constructivist approaches could be combined to refine the theories, as both models are suitable for being nested together in future research.

Blood Cells as a Cellular Biomarker for Mitochondrial Function in a Experimental Model of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning with Treatment - Devesh Bungatavula; John C. Greenwood; Frances S. Shofer; Guthrie Buehler; Shih-Han Kao; Matthew Kelly; Samuel S. Shin; Johannes K. Ehinger; Todd J. Kilbaugh; David H. Jang (Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2025)
Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) is a leading cause of environmental poisoning in the United States with substantial mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of CO poisoning is complex and includes hypoxia, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently both biomarkers and therapies for CO poisoning are limited and require new approaches. Methods Rats (~ 300 g) were divided into four groups of ten rodents per group (exposure): Control (room air), CO-400 (400 ppm), CO-1000 (1000 ppm) and CO-2000 (2000 ppm). Rodents received the assigned exposure through a secured tracheotomy tube over 120 min followed by 30 min of re-oxygenation at room air for a total of 150 min. Five additional rodents in each group were administered a succinate prodrug (NV354) at the start of exposure for the duration of the experiment until the reoxygenation period as separate experiments. Cortical brain tissue and whole blood were obtained for mitochondrial respiration. Stored plasma and snap frozen tissue stored at -80 o C were used to obtain protein quantification with Western Blotting. Results All animals in the Sham, CO-400, and CO-1000 groups survived until the end of the exposure period; no animals in the CO-2000 groups survived the exposure and were counted as attrition. We observed a dose-dependent decrease in key respiratory states in both isolated brain mitochondria and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and, PBMCs respiration more positively correlated with isolated brain mitochondria when compared to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). There was no significant difference in mitochondrial respiratory states in animals treated with NV354 compared to the untreated group. Conclusions The primary findings from this study include: (1) A dose-dependent decrease with key respiration states with higher concentrations of CO; (2) PBMCs had a higher correlation to isolated brain mitochondria respiration when compared to COHb; and (3) there was no treatment effect with the use of NV354.

Assessing olive tree water status using canopy spectral reflectance indices - Marcos Carrasco-Benavides; Samuel Ortega-Farías; Luis E. Ahumada-Orellana; Jeissy M. Olguín-Cáceres; Daniel de la Fuente-Sáiz; Mauricio Zuñiga (Irrigation Science, 2025)

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the North Danube Basin: insights from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and basin modeling within the Pannonian back-arc system - Samuel Rybár; Petronela Nováková; Katarína Šarinová; Júlia Kotulová; Fred Jourdan; Celia Mayers (International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2025)
The Pannonian Basin System, comprising multiple sub-basins, forms the broader geological framework of this study, which focuses specifically on the North Danube Basin. Geochronology, sediment accumulation patterns, and tectonic subsidence modeling were integrated to update the tectono-sedimentary history of the basin. A volcanogenic marker bed dated at 13.75 ± 0.14 Ma using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method provides a key stratigraphic reference for the Badenian (Langhian/Serravallian) stage. The subsidence history indicates rapid tectonic activity during the lower Badenian (Langhian), upper Badenian (lower Serravallian), and Sarmatian (upper Serravallian) stages, transitioning to a more stable setting during the lower Pannonian (Tortonian). Vitrinite reflectance models reveal hydrocarbon maturation across all sub-basins, with variations in oil window depths attributed to differential heat flow near volcanic fields. This study also investigates the anomalously high sediment accumulation rates in continental back-arc basins, exemplified by the North Danube Basin. Graphical abstract

Supervised and unsupervised rehabilitation of visual field defect: cohort investigation of eye movement training at a clinical setting and at home - Valentina Varalta; Sigrid Kenkel; Samuel Johnson; Cristina Fonte; Nicola Smania; Arash Sahraie (Experimental Brain Research, 2025)
Lesions along the visual pathways can lead to areas of blindness, which can extend to an entire hemifield (hemianopia). Hemianopic patients often have abnormal eye-movements which hampers their interaction with their immediate surrounds, adversely affecting their quality of life. Compensatory rehabilitation techniques are aimed at improving eye-movement efficacy enabling patients to make better use of their sighted field to compensate for the sight loss. NeuroEyeCoach (NEC) is a compensatory vision therapy that can be accessed at home and is effective in improving visual search performance and reducing perceived disability. We have compared objective and subjective assessments of visual function before and after vision rehabilitation in a cohort of patients that accessed NEC at home ( N = 95) and a group of patients that completed the training under clinical supervision in a rehabilitation clinic ( N = 31). Use of NEC led to improvements in both objective measures of visual function such as reduced visual search times, lower search errors, and faster completion of a cancellation task as well as reduced subjective reports of disability. The objective measures showed a larger improvement in those undergoing rehabilitation in the clinic settings compared to the home cohort, nevertheless, there was no cohort x training interaction for perceived improvements in subjective reports of disability. This indicates no significant differences on the effect of training on activities of daily living between the groups. The findings demonstrate that compensatory eye movement training is an effective tool for rehabilitation of vision loss when used in clinical settings or accessed remotely from home.

Sublingual caffeine delivery via oral spray does not accelerate blood caffeine increase compared to ingestion of caffeinated beverages - Devin G. McCarthy; Rileigh K. Stapleton; Rachel M. Handy; Samuel Amanual; Samantha Tsioros; Philip J. Millar; Jamie F. Burr (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)

Effects of a single dose of a betalain-rich concentrate on determinants of running performance and recovery muscle blood flow: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial - Steven Vitti; Michael Bruneau; Leah Bisgrove; Samuel Grey; Sarah Levine; Craig Mattern; Justin Faller (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2025)
Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of a single dose of a betalain-rich concentrate (BRC) on determinants of running performance and recovery lactate clearance. Methods In this a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 17 male recreational runners (Age: 19.0 ± 1.0 years; Height: 176.8 ± 6.2 cm; Weight: 70.62 ± 8.1 kg; Body fat: 12.8 ± 0.03%; VO 2max : 58.9 ± 8.6 ml/kg/min) consumed an acute dose of a BRC (100 mg) or a placebo (100 mg of dextrose; CON) and performed a running economy protocol (RE) at velocities corresponding to 60% and 80% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) followed by a VO 2max test. Both exercise and recovery skeletal muscle oxygenation (SmO 2 ) were assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and recovery lactate was obtained. Results BRC resulted in lower heart rate (HR) at velocities corresponding to 80% of VO 2max ( p = 0.05) and maximum HR (HR max ; p = 0.01), and a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at velocities corresponding to 60% of VO 2max ( p = 0.02) when compared to CON. BRC also improved post-exercise SmO 2 at 3 ( p = 0.05), 4 ( p = 0.02), and 5 min ( p = 0.01) but not lactate clearance ( p > 0.05). BRC did not significantly improve RE or VO 2max ( p > 0.05). Conclusions A single dose of BRC did not enhance RE or VO 2max . However, the observed improvements in exercise HR, RPE, and SmO₂ suggest that BRC may confer cardiovascular benefits for exercise and recovery.

Recovery of Saltmarsh Macroinfauna After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill - Manisha Pant; John W. Fleeger; David Samuel Johnson; Rita Riggio; Aixin Hou; Donald R. Deis; Scott Zengel (Estuaries and Coasts, 2025)
To examine invertebrate community recovery after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we monitored the recovery of macroinfauna in replicated reference, moderately and heavily oiled salt marshes in Barataria Bay Louisiana for 8.5 years after the spill. Plants suffered near 100% mortality in heavily oiled marshes, profoundly altering the sedimentary environment. Plants in moderately oiled marshes did not suffer extensive mortality but experienced reduced above- and belowground plant biomass. A community analysis based on 40 macroinfaunal taxa was conducted during early (2011–2012), middle (2013–2017), and late (2017–2018) stages of recovery. The early stage was marked by very low taxonomic diversity (< 1–4 taxa per sample) and low total macroinfaunal abundance (0– < 8000 m −2 ) across all marshes, while the middle stage was denoted by relatively high diversity (7–8 taxa per sample) and very high abundances in heavily oiled marshes where densities exceeded reference and regional means by factors of 4–5. The community in the heavily oiled marshes diverged from reference and moderately oiled marshes during the middle recovery period when the crustaceans Apocorophium louisianum and Leptochelia rapax , the polychaete Alitta succinea , and oligochaetes dramatically increased in abundance, while at the same time, abundance increases of the polychaetes Manayunkia aestuarina , Streblospio gynobrachiata , and Capitellidae sp. lagged behind increasing trends at reference and moderately oiled sites. Macroinfaunal community similarity in moderately oiled marshes differed from reference and heavily oiled marshes in the middle recovery stage but did not differ from reference sites the during late recovery stage. Heavily oiled community similarity not only differed from moderately oiled and reference marshes in all three recovery stages but remained different from reference sites on the last collection date. These observations indicate that moderately oiled marshes recovered by about 8 years, but that heavily oiled marshes will likely require more than a decade to reach equivalency with reference sites.

Enhancing bevacizumab efficacy in a colorectal tumor mice model using dextran-coated albumin nanoparticles - Cristina Pangua; Socorro Espuelas; Jon Ander Simón; Samuel Álvarez; Cristina Martínez-Ohárriz; María Collantes; Iván Peñuelas; Alfonso Calvo; Juan M. Irache (Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2025)
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that prevents the growth of new blood vessels and is currently employed in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, like other mAb, bevacizumab shows a limited penetration in the tumors, hampering their effectiveness and inducing adverse reactions. The aim of this work was to design and evaluate albumin-based nanoparticles, coated with dextran, as carriers for bevacizumab in order to promote its accumulation in the tumor and, thus, improve its antiangiogenic activity. These nanoparticles (B-NP-DEX50) displayed a mean size of about 250 nm and a payload of about 110 µg/mg. In a CRC mice model, these nanoparticles significantly reduced tumor growth and increased tumor doubling time, tumor necrosis and apoptosis more effectively than free bevacizumab. At the end of study, bevacizumab plasma levels were higher in the free drug group, while tumor levels were higher in the B-NP-DEX50 group (2.5-time higher). In line with this, the biodistribution study revealed that nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor core, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic exposure. In summary, B-NP-DEX can be an adequate alternative to improve the therapeutic efficiency of biologically active molecules, offering a more specific biodistribution to the site of action. Graphical abstract

Transcriptomic Response Pathways of Yeast to Crucial Polyphenolic Acids in Rosmarinus Acid Biosynthesis - Tao Xu; Jun-lu Duan; Samuel Ntakirutimana; Li Wang; Zhi-Hua Liu; Chun Li; Bing-Zhi Li (Current Microbiology, 2025)

Disentangling tidal and fine-scale processes at the Strait of Gibraltar and their influence on the Mediterranean region - Nicolas M. Gonzalez; Robin Waldman; Samuel Somot; Florence Sevault; Jérome Chanut; Hervé Giordani (Climate Dynamics, 2025)

Aiptasia oral regeneration is host-controlled but supported by symbiont-derived photosynthates - Jun B. Cai; Samuel Bedgood; Virginia M. Weis; Lucía Pita (Symbiosis, 2025)
The study of oral regeneration in the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (commonly called Aiptasia) - a prominent model for the study of coral-algal symbiosis - offers the unique opportunity to investigate the role of symbionts in regeneration. Algal symbionts have the potential to affect healing and regeneration by supplementing host nutrition and/or modulating host immune responses. Here we revisited the descriptions of Aiptasia oral regeneration from the 1970s with modern imaging techniques. Upon oral amputation, the anemones progressed through six distinct and repeatable stages of wound healing and regeneration, and completed oral regeneration within a week. We followed regeneration in symbiotic anemones (i.e., associated with native dinoflagellate symbionts) in comparison to aposymbiotic anemones (i.e., lacking algae), and symbiotic anemones kept in the dark (i.e., blocking photosynthesis). In most symbiotic anemones under normal light, tentacle buds appeared within 32 h post-amputation, whereas in aposymbiotic anemones and symbiotic anemones kept in the dark buds appeared 12 h later. This pattern suggests that the contribution of symbiont-derived photosynthates to host nutrition shortened regeneration time. Our study provides the basis for further research on Aiptasia oral regeneration, for comparative studies of different symbiotic cnidarians and for investigating the relative role of host and symbionts in different developmental processes such as whole-body morphogenesis during asexual reproduction.

A geospatial perspective on electrification strategy in urbanizing Africa - Jessica Kersey; Samuel Miles; Vivek Sakhrani; Bryan Bonsuk Koo; Setu Pelz (Applied Geography, 2025)

Development of a Low-Profile, Piezoelectric Robot for MR-Guided Abdominal Needle Interventions - Samuel Wilcox; Saikat Sengupta; Chuan Huang; Junichi Tokuda; Aiming Lu; David Woodrum; Yue Chen (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2025)

Hydroclimate variability in the eastern Kimberley, Australia, since the last deglaciation - Teresa Dixon; Rachel Rudd; Justine Kemp; Samuel Marx; Patrick Moss; John Nikolaus Callow; Philip Anthony Hall; Quan Hua; Hamish McGowan (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2025)
The climate of the Kimberley region in tropical northwest Australia is dominated by the Indo‐Australian summer monsoon (IASM). Understanding of the palaeoclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum in this region, which is well placed to record IASM variations, is currently based on few records. Many of these are confounded by local environmental factors such as topography, anthropogenic activity or marine processes. Here, we present a geochemical record spanning the last 17 ka, in conjunction with pollen and charcoal records from 5.4 ± 0.1 ka (1 sigma uncertainty) to the present. The record comes from the floodplain of the Bullo River and as such represents variations in the hydroclimate of its 2000 km 2 catchment. Results show that the deglacial was characterised by a variable monsoon until the onset of a wet interval beginning at 12.9 ± 0.9 ka. The exact onset and intensity of a dry period following 5 ka are uncertain, but conditions became progressively drier until the climate amelioration to modern conditions. These results are broadly consistent with previous research and extend our understanding of deglacial and Holocene hydroclimate variability to the eastern Kimberley, 350 km east of previously published Kimberley palaeoenvironmental records.

A Review of In Silico Approaches for Discovering Natural Viral Protein Inhibitors in Aquaculture Disease Control - Luu Tang Phuc Khang; Nguyen Dinh‐Hung; Sk Injamamul Islam; Sefti Heza Dwinanti; Samuel Mwakisha Mwamburi; Patima Permpoonpattana; Nguyen Vu Linh (Journal of Fish Diseases, 2025)
Viral diseases pose a significant threat to the sustainability of global aquaculture, causing economic losses and compromising food security. Traditional control methods often demonstrate limited effectiveness, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. The integration of computational methods for the discovery of natural compounds shows promise in developing antiviral treatments. This review critically explores how both traditional and advanced in silico computational techniques can efficiently identify natural compounds with potential inhibitory effects on key pathogenic proteins in major aquaculture pathogens. It highlights fundamental approaches, including structure‐based and ligand‐based drug design, high‐throughput virtual screening, molecular docking, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profiling. Molecular dynamics simulations can serve as a comprehensive framework for understanding the molecular interactions and stability of candidate drugs in an in silico approach, reducing the need for extensive wet‐lab experiments and providing valuable insights for targeted therapeutic development. The review covers the entire process, from the initial computational screening of promising candidates to their subsequent experimental validation. It also proposes integrating computational tools with traditional screening methods to enhance the efficiency of antiviral drug discovery in aquaculture. Finally, we explore future perspectives, particularly the potential of artificial intelligence and multi‐omics approaches. These innovative technologies can significantly accelerate the identification and optimisation of natural antivirals, contributing to sustainable disease management in aquaculture.

From anecdotes to evidence: Environmental DNA detection of Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus L.) at the southern limit of its circumpolar range - Molly Ann Williams; Samuel J. Poultney; Jane Hallam; Tianna E. Hewitson; Joanne E. Littlefair (Journal of Fish Biology, 2025)
The urgency of rapid species monitoring is at an all‐time high due to the increasing threat of climate change to global ecosystems, in particular freshwater habitats. Fish such as Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , are particularly vulnerable to increasing water temperatures and changes in land use due to their dependence on cold waters and confinement to lacustrine environments. Nonetheless, current monitoring practices, relying on physical capture of organisms, are hindered by resource constraints, desire to manage habitats for recreational fishing, and restricted access to sites. Here we applied a targeted environmental DNA (eDNA) assay in Northwest Scotland to circumvent these limitations and update existing knowledge of Arctic charr habitats, including in locations previously only supported by anecdotal knowledge. Arctic charr eDNA was detected in 10 out of the 16 sites sampled. Additionally, shore and outflow sampling successfully detected Arctic charr eDNA during spawning season, providing a viable sampling strategy where boat access may be limited. These data enabled Arctic charr distribution records to be updated and demonstrated the effectiveness of eDNA as a method for monitoring a vulnerable salmonid in a rapidly changing landscape.

Precipitation Pulse Dynamics Are Not Ubiquitous: A Global Meta‐Analysis of Plant and Ecosystem Carbon‐ and Water‐Related Pulse Responses - Emma Reich; Jessica Guo; Drew Peltier; Emily Palmquist; Kimberly Samuels‐Crow; Rohan Boone; Kiona Ogle (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Ecosystem responses to precipitation pulses (“pulse responses”) exert a large control over global carbon, water, and energy cycles. However, it is unclear how the timing and magnitude of pulse responses will vary across ecosystems as precipitation regimes shift under accelerating climate change. To address this issue, this study evaluates how plants and ecosystems respond to precipitation pulses and explores potential implications of altered precipitation regimes for the carbon and water cycles. In particular, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to quantify the magnitude and timing of plant and ecosystem carbon‐related ( A net , NPP, GPP, R eco , R bg ) and water‐related (ET, T, Ψ, g s ) responses to 587 precipitation pulses. By analyzing pulse‐response metrics published in the primary literature, we evaluated the characteristics of those pulse responses. We assessed whether precipitation pulses lead to a classic pulse response (i.e., a hump‐shaped response as described by the pulse‐reserve framework), a linear pulse response, a combination of classic and linear, or a lack of a pulse response. If a pulse response occurred, we explored the factors that drove its timing, magnitude, and speed. Our meta‐analyses revealed that the classic, hump‐shaped response is not ubiquitous, as it only accounted for 52% of the pulse responses. However, when a pulse response did occur, carbon‐related responses to precipitation pulses were larger in magnitude (e.g., larger peak) than water‐related pulse responses at relatively arid sites. However, at relatively mesic sites, this relationship reversed (i.e., water‐related responses to precipitation pulses were larger than carbon‐related responses). Additionally, larger precipitation pulse amounts increased water‐related response magnitudes more than carbon‐related response magnitudes across both arid and mesic sites. Therefore, under future precipitation intensification, carbon‐related responses to precipitation pulses may become more decoupled from water‐related pulse responses in wetter biomes but more coupled to water‐related pulse responses in drier biomes.

Shifting Carbon Fractions in Forest Soils Offset 14 C‐Based Turnover Times Along a 1700 m Elevation Gradient - Margaux Moreno‐Duborgel; Sia Gosheva‐Oney; Beatriz González‐Domínguez; Mirjam Brühlmann; Luisa I. Minich; Negar Haghipour; Roman Flury; Claudia Guidi; Alexander S. Brunmayr; Samuel Abiven; Timothy I. Eglinton; Frank Hagedorn (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Climate change impacts the soil carbon cycle, yet there is no scientific consensus on the vulnerability of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks to global warming. Here, we studied soil organic matter (SOM) changes across 50 Swiss forest sites covering an elevation gradient from 270 to 2020 m, with dominant tree species changing from sub‐Mediterranean pubescent oak to mountain pine at treeline. We sought to assess how elevation, serving as an integrating variable for climate variation, affects the stocks, transformation state, and radiocarbon ( 14 C)‐based turnover of SOM fractions in the organic layer, as well as in particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated organic matter (MOM) fractions in forest mineral soils (0–20 cm). Our results show consistent enrichment in 13 C and 15 N across all SOM fractions with increasing elevation, indicating a ubiquitous transformation state among SOM fractions regardless of environmental conditions. However, C stocks in the organic layer and in mineral soil POM increased proportionally relative to MOM with increasing elevation. Additionally, 14 C‐based turnover times in the organic layer, the free POM, and the fine MOM fractions increased with elevation, indicating slower SOM processing and a reduced transformation of POM to MOM under harsher climatic conditions. In contrast to individual SOM fractions, total SOC stocks and 14 C‐based turnover times in the bulk mineral soil showed no elevational pattern. This indicates that with increasing elevation, the shift in composition towards POM, which has a shorter turnover time than MOM, offsets the increased turnover time within each fraction. As a result, the overall SOC turnover time remains stable across the entire elevation gradient. However, the higher proportion of C stored in the more vulnerable POM fractions in high‐elevation forests indicates that their SOC stocks may be at higher risk under climate change.

A Framework for Modelling Thermal Load Sensitivity Across Life - Pieter A. Arnold; Daniel W. A. Noble; Adrienne B. Nicotra; Michael R. Kearney; Enrico L. Rezende; Samuel C. Andrew; Verónica F. Briceño; Lauren B. Buckley; Keith A. Christian; Susana Clusella‐Trullas; Sonya R. Geange; Lydia K. Guja; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2025)
Forecasts of vulnerability to climate warming require an integrative understanding of how species are exposed to, are damaged by, and recover from thermal stress in natural environments. The sensitivity of species to temperature depends on the frequency, duration, and magnitude of thermal stress. Thus, there is a generally recognized need to move beyond physiological metrics based solely on critical thermal limits and integrate them with natural heat exposure regimes. Here we propose the thermal load sensitivity (TLS) framework, which integrates biophysical principles for quantifying exposure with physiological principles of the dynamics of damage and repair processes in driving sublethal impacts on organisms. Building upon the established thermal death time (TDT) model, which integrates both the magnitude and duration of stress, the TLS framework attempts to disentangle the accumulation of damage and subsequent repair processes that alter responses to thermal stress. With the aid of case studies and reproducible simulation examples, we discuss how the TLS framework can be applied to enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of heat stress responses. These include assessing thermal sensitivity across diverse taxonomic groups, throughout ontogeny, and for modular organisms, as well as integrating additional stressors in combination with temperature. We identify critical research opportunities, knowledge gaps, and novel ways of integrating physiological measures of thermal sensitivity to improve understanding and predictions of thermal vulnerability at various scales across life.

A Reliability Assessment of a Vessel’s Main Propulsion Engine - Rabiul Islam; Samuel Martin (Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2025)
Ocean-going vessels rely on marine diesel engines, referred to as the main engine, to carry the vessel’s load and ensure safe travel. These engines play a critical role, as their operation impacts on all aspects of the vessel’s functionality. To meet increasing demands for extended run times while maintaining reliability, it is essential to address the risks of main engine failure. Previous studies have highlighted numerous accidents resulting from such failures. Consequently, the reliability of the main propulsion engine is a crucial component of safe vessel operation. This study addresses the lack of methodologies for predicting engine reliability using failure running hours (FRHs). A data-driven model was developed using FRH data collected from marine engineers during on-board maintenance operations. Additionally, fault tree analysis (FTA) was employed to calculate the reliability of individual subsystems and the overall main propulsion engine. The findings indicate that the lube oil system, freshwater cooling system, scavenge system, and fuel system reach 0% reliability at approximately 2000 h, 14,000 h, 2500 h, and 1400 h of operation, respectively. Additionally, the reliability of the main propulsion engine drops to 0% after around 900 h of operation. By incorporating this prediction model, ship operators can better schedule maintenance, significantly enhancing engine reliability and reducing maritime accidents. This approach contributes to safer and more efficient operations for commercial marine systems. This study represents a vital step toward improving the reliability of ocean-going vessels.

Turn-On-Fluorescence Sensor and Solid Sensory Chip for Cyanide Detection - Muhammad Zahid; Nadeem Raza; Samuel Bonne; Mostafa E. Salem; Negin G. Niksirat; Muhammad Zeshan; Muhammad Rafiq; Jian Zhang; Muhammad Saleem (Journal of Fluorescence, 2025)

Toxicity of brown seaweed Sargassum wightii Greville (Sargassaceae) to the larval instars of vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) - Vaithiyanathan Selvi; Subramanian Arivoli; Samuel Tennyson (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2025)

Machine learning prediction of intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitors using a diverse set of ligands: a drug repurposing effort with drugBank database screening - Adeshina I. Odugbemi; Clement Nyirenda; Alan Christoffels; Samuel A. Egieyeh (In Silico Pharmacology, 2025)
The global rise in diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant health challenge, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. α-Glucosidase inhibitors play a crucial role in managing postprandial hyperglycemia and reducing the risk of complications in Type 2 DM. Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) modelling is critical in computational drug discovery. However, many QSAR studies on α-glucosidase inhibitors often rely on limited compound series and statistical methods, restricting their applicability across wide chemical space. Integrating machine learning (ML) into QSAR offers a promising avenue for discovering novel therapeutic compounds by handling complex information from diverse compound sets. Our study aimed to develop robust predictive models for α-glucosidase inhibitors using a dataset of 1082 compounds with known activity against intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase-glucoamylase). After data preparation, we used 626 compounds to train ML models, generating different training data of three distinct molecular representations: 2D-descriptors, 3D-descriptors, and Extended-connectivity-fingerprint (ECFP4). These models, trained on random forest and support vector machine algorithms, underwent rigorous evaluation using established metrics. Subsequently, the best-performing model was used to screen the Drugbank database, identifying potential α-glucosidase inhibitor drugs. Drug repurposing, an expedited strategy for identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, holds immense potential in this regard. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further corroborated our predictions. Our results indicate that 2D descriptors and ECFP4 molecular representations outperform 3D descriptors. Furthermore, drug candidates identified from DrugBank screening exhibited promising binding interactions with α-glucosidase, supporting our ML predictions and their potential for drug repurposing.

Spatiotemporal drivers of water quality and phytoplankton communities in a cyanobacteria-dominated reservoir provide management insights - Linnea A. Rock; William W. Fetzer; Lindsay S. Patterson; Samuel J. Sillen; Ron Steg; Annika W. Walters; Sarah M. Collins (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)
Reservoirs serve critical roles providing drinking water, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, recreation, fisheries, and aquatic habitat. Yet their physical position, complex shape, and large watersheds make reservoirs especially susceptible to eutrophication and harmful algal bloom (HAB) production. Boysen Reservoir, WY, is a high priority for proactive nutrient management because it is an important source for drinking water and recreation, and has a history of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. We combined four years of comprehensive monitoring efforts by state and federal agencies to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of nutrient inflow, internal water quality dynamics, and phytoplankton community shifts in Boysen Reservoir. We found nutrient inflow was hydrologically driven, with snowmelt runoff transporting high nutrient loads. Our findings suggest physicochemical and nutrient conditions of the reservoir were strongly different between the furthest reaches of the reservoir, but less variable among the intermediate sites. Space did not play a role in phytoplankton community dynamics, but time was an important factor. Cyanobacteria dominated phytoplankton communities by mid-summer across the reservoir and were driven mainly by temporal physicochemical conditions, like stratification and water temperature. The two most dominant phytoplankton taxa across the four years of sampling were N-fixing, toxin producing cyanobacteria. Extensive monitoring efforts and data analyses can illuminate strategies to safeguard water resources via understanding the drivers of water quality changes and HAB production.

In vitro , ex vivo, and in silico studies of phytochemicals from the stem bark of Bischofia javanica - Erick Okoth Awas; Jacob O. Midiwo; Leonidah Kerubo Omosa; Solomon Derese; Ivan Kiganda; Ruth A. Omole; Hosea M. Akala; Douglas O. Ochora; Vincent Adeiza Obakachi; Samuel Olalekan; Krishna Kuben Govender; Vaderament-A. Nchiozem-Ngnitedem (Natural Product Research, 2025)

Computational study of phytochemicals from Khaya grandifoliola (WELW) as potential inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum transketolase and putative antimalarial agents - Joseph M. Agbedahunsi; Mojisola C. Cyril-Olutayo; Racheal Y. Fadare; Frank A. Ogundolie; Deeksha Salaria; Rajan Rolta; Samuel A. Idowu; Ayomide B. Oladele; Praise D. Eso; Esther O. Olatunji; Olatomide A. Fadare (In Silico Pharmacology, 2025)

Still too little evidence: the role of diet in colorectal cancer survivorship - a systematic review - Anna Fretwell; Panayiotis Louca; Georgia Cohoon; Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou; Margarida de Pinheiro Henriques Caetano; Alexandros Koullapis; Samuel T. Orange; Fiona C. Malcomson; Christina Dobson; Bernard M. Corfe (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2025)

Epigenetic biomarkers of mortality risk in mice under chronic social stress - Samuel D. Anderson; Maria Razzoli; Brian Chen; Matteo Pellegrini; Alessandro Bartolomucci (GeroScience, 2025)
A strong association exists between exposure to life stressors and accelerated aging in humans and animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the adverse effect of stress on aging remain poorly characterized, and there is a paucity of prognostic predictors of stress-induced disease outcomes and life expectancy. To address this gap, we developed mathematical models to predict remaining lifespan based on healthspan data across two independent cohorts which were part of a large study (350 + mice) on social stress and aging in mice. We then relate remaining lifespan to changes in DNA methylation, due to its strong association with age as well as environmental factors such as stress exposure. Multivariate multiple regression identified blood glucose as a major trait associated with DNA methylation. An independent neural network analysis also identified blood glucose among the traits most associated with mortality risk. Finally, elastic net regression identified several DNA methylation sites, including Ptp4a3, Lrrc3b, Adgrb1, Mron5, and Gm6549, which represent possible targets at the intersection of glucose, stress and survival. Overall, the main finding of our analysis is that epigenetic biomarkers of mortality risk reveal an association with blood glucose levels, informing on individual life trajectories shaped by the impact of chronic social stress.

Variation in sex expression and flower development in Piper nigrum (black pepper) assessed with micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy - Nilni A. Wimalarathna; Maria Von Balthazar; Anushka M. Wickramasuriya; Mark W. Chase; Rosabelle Samuel; Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa; Dharshani Bandupriya; Tara D. Silva (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2025)

Optimizing difenoconazole degradation via sequential photoelectrochemical oxidation and biodegradation treatments - Samuel Oliveira Santos; Raira Souza de Santana Castro; Michel Rubens dos Reis Souza; Thiago Rodrigues Bjerk; Giancarlo Richard Salazar-Banda; Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz; Jorge A. López; María Lucila Hernández-Macedo (Chemosphere, 2025)

Dermal permeation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human skin – An in-vitro study - Lore Jane L. Espartero; Zubaria Ishaq; Samuel Bradley; Mark Moore; Miko Yamada; Xianyu Wang; Tarl Prow; Albert Juhasz; Phong K. Thai (Chemosphere, 2025)

From ocean to meadow: A circular bioeconomy by transforming seaweed, seagrass, grass, and straw waste into high-value products - Rodrigo Salvador; M. Lynn Eriksen; Niels C. Kjaersgaard; Michael Hedegaard; Torben Knudby; Victor Lund; Samuel B. Larsen (Waste Management, 2025)

New insights into methylfuran metabolism - Daniel Bohlen; Jonas Appel; Lukas Eichel; Samuel Spengler; Carolin Kulosa; Fani Kougioumtzi; Simone Stegmüller; Nico Becker; Tobias Jochum; Elke Richling (Toxicology Letters, 2025)

Protists exhibit community-level adaptation and functional redundancy under gradient soil salinity - Seda Ozer Bodur; Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel; Muhammet Fatih Polat; Murat Aycan; Rasit Asiloglu (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Advancements in artificial intelligence-based technologies for PFAS detection, monitoring, and management - Jungsu Park; Jong-Hyun Baik; Samuel Adjei-Nimoh; Woo Hyoung Lee (Science of The Total Environment, 2025)

Ex vivo prediction of the sensitization potential of biocides - Mélanie Mourot-Bousquenaud; Samuel Muller; Amélie Coiscaud; Julianne Mathiot; Aurélie Remy; Sandrine Jacquenet; Fabrice Battais (Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2025)

Skull roof anatomy of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) acipenseriform †Gyrosteus mirabilis Woodward ex Agassiz, from Yorkshire, England, elucidates diversity of †Chondrosteidae - Samuel L.A. Cooper; Megan Jacobs; Lucrezia Ferrari; David M. Martill (Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 2025)

Machine learning and physics-based model hybridization to assess the impact of climate change on single- and dual-axis tracking solar-concentrated photovoltaic systems - Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo; Anthony Umunnakwe Obiwulu; Paul C. Okonkwo; Rita Orji; Theyab R. Alsenani; Ibrahim B. Mansir; Chukwuka Orji (Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2025)

Indo-Australian Summer Monsoon activity in northern Australia during the past glacial cycle: A flood record of hydroclimate-mediated landscape response to changing runoff - Teresa Dixon; Rachel Rudd; Justine Kemp; Samuel Marx; Patrick Moss; Quan Hua; Hamish McGowan (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2025)

Formulation and comparative analysis of a rosemary-based herbal shampoo with commercial counterparts - Gikuru Mwithiga; Samuel Maina (Next Research, 2025)

Climate hoax: The shift from scientific discourse to speculative rhetoric in climate change conversations - Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo (Next Research, 2025)

Computational analysis of Curcuma longa L compounds: Unraveling molecular interactions and drug-like properties for novel therapeutic applications - Oluwaseun E. Agboola; Samuel S. Agboola; Abimbola E. Fadugba; Adekunle T. Adegbuyi; Othuke B. Odeghe (Next Research, 2025)

Unveiling growth and carbon composition of macroalgae with different strategies under global change - Camino F. de la Hoz; Paul R. Brooks; Jennifer Coughlan; Inés Mazarrasa; Elvira Ramos; Samuel Sainz-Villegas; Araceli Puente; Jose A. Juanes; Tasman P. Crowe (Marine Environmental Research, 2025)

Cryptic species, biogeography, and patterns of introgression in the fish genus Mogurnda (Eleotridae) from the Australian wet tropics: A purple patch for purple-spots - Samuel R. Amini; Mark Adams; Michael P. Hammer; Glenn Briggs; James A. Donaldson; Brendan C. Ebner; Peter J. Unmack (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2025)

Advances in forward osmosis membrane cleaning: Strategies, challenges, and future directions - Maano Tshimange; Sinethemba Xabela; Sitabule Enos; Thanh-Tin Nguyen; Jon Pocock; Samuel Tenaw Getahun; Judy Lee; Siddharth Gadkari (Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025)

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, Independent of Body Mass Index, Is Associated With Child Fat Mass Index at Age 2 Years in the Growing life, Optimizing Wellness Study - Margaret Ballard; Jessica L. Saben; Rebecca A. Krukowski; Elisabet Børsheim; Clark R. Sims; Hallie Samuel; Lisa Jansen; Aline Andres (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2025)

Development and geomorphological evolution of palm swamp system in the northernmost Amazon - Raquel Araújo Alves; Cristiane Valéria de Oliveira; Valdinar Ferreira Melo; Samuel Rodrigues Ribeiro (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2025)

Nanoparticulate and colloidal uranium and plutonium in spent nuclear fuel storage pond effluents - Thomas S. Neill; Katherine Morris; Scott Harrison; Pete Apps; Nick Bryan; Stephen Parry; J. Frederick W. Mosselmans; Giannantonio Cibin; Bruce Rigby; Francis R. Livens; Samuel Shaw (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025)

Utilization of apitherapy in a liposarcoma in a guinea pig - Samuel Batson; Joerg Mayer (Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2025)

Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of a novel GO/Bi2SO5/AgBr ternary heterojunction for the degradation of tetracycline and rhodamine B - Adewumi O. Oluwole; Tunde L. Yusuf; Shepherd M. Tichapondwa; Michael O. Daramola; Samuel A. Iwarere (Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025)

Amino acid and acylcarnitine profile of Aedes aegypti (L) post-blood feeding, after permethrin exposure, and during the life cycle - Mariana Lizbeth Jiménez-Martínez; Gerardo de Jesús Trujillo-Rodriguez; María de Lourdes Ramírez-Ahuja; Olga Karina Villanueva-Segura; Patricio Adrián Zapata-Morin; Griffith Samuel Lizarraga; Laura E. Martinez-de-Villarreal; Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro; Ivan Delgado-Enciso; Jose Ignacio Gonzalez-Rojas; Adriana E. Flores; Antonio Guzman-Velasco; et al. (Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2025)

Fluid systems captured by giant amethyst-hosted fluid inclusions from continental flood basalts - Marta Sośnicka; Samuel Niedermann; Rudolph Erasmus; Sharad Master (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2025)

An exploratory study of species richness and dynamics in the cultivable mycobiota of Palmaria palmata - Yoran Le Strat; Nicolas Ruiz; Paul Déléris; Thibaut Robiou du Pont; Samuel Bertrand; Stella Debaets; Gaëtan Burgaud; Justine Dumay (Fungal Ecology, 2025)

Psychometric properties of the German version of the moral disengagement in meat questionnaire (MDMQ-G) - Charlotte Schüßler; Paul Schulz; Samuel Tomczyk; Silke Schmidt; Susanne Stoll-Kleemann (Food Quality and Preference, 2025)

Gene expression analysis and metabolomics of red pitaya fermented with probiotic strains: Implications for vitamin D receptor and inflammatory pathways - Juliana Yumi Suzuki; Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff; Jaewon Yoon; Leonardo Santos de Jesus; Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral; Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori; Camila Manoel Crnkovic; João Paulo Fabi; Susana Marta Isay Saad (Food Bioscience, 2025)

Higher bisphenol analogues exposure levels in e-waste workers and their associations with DNA oxidative damage in Hong Kong - Gengze Liao; Xueqiong Weng; Feng Wang; Yanny Hoi Kuen Yu; Samuel Yeung-shan Wong; Victoria H. Arrandale; Alan Hoi-shou Chan; Shaoyou Lu; Lap Ah Tse (Environmental Research, 2025)

Multi-agent large language model frameworks: Unlocking new possibilities for optimizing wastewater treatment operation - Samuel Rothfarb; Mikayla Friday; Xingyu Wang; Arash Zaghi; Baikun Li (Environmental Research, 2025)

Assessing population exposure to airborne fungi in the UK over one year using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding methods - Philippa Douglas; Samuel Anees-Hill; Sameirah Macchiarulo; Fiona A. Symon; Jack Satchwell; Anna L. Hansell; Emma L. Marczylo (Environmental Research, 2025)

A cluster-based temporal attention approach for predicting cyclone-induced compound flood dynamics - Samuel Daramola; David F. Muñoz; Hamed Moftakhari; Hamid Moradkhani (Environmental Modelling & Software, 2025)

Acetalization of glycerol to solketal over Musa acuminata leaf-derived acid functionalized catalyst - Rhithuparna D.; Bushra Saad; Manya Mridul; Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum; Gopinath Halder (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025)

Multimodal structural humidity-response of cellulose nanofibril foams derived from wood and upcycled cotton textiles - Agnes Åhl; Maria-Ximena Ruiz-Caldas; Elisabetta Nocerino; André L.C. Conceição; Kim Nygård; Samuel McDonald; Mira Viljanen; Aji P. Mathew; Lennart Bergström (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2025)

Chitinous waste depolymerization and biocontrol potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 3E chitinase against mycophytopathogens and Anopheles gambiae instar 3 - Omolara Sola Majengbasan; John Onolame Unuofin; Michael Olawale Daramola; Samuel Ayodele Iwarere; Khomotso Semenya; Olubusola Ayoola Odeniyi (Bioresource Technology Reports, 2025)

Behavior of free-floating macrophyte masses of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes in the absorption of contaminants in a eutrophic freshwater system in central Mexico - Felipe Mendoza-Mora; M. A. Velázquez-Machuca; P. F. Rodríguez-Espinosa; Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita; Juan Alberto Alcántara-Cárdenas; Lorena Elizabeth Campos Villegas; Jacobo Tabla-Hernandez; Samuel Pérez-Rodríguez (Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2025)

Imaging of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Review of Standard and Advanced Imaging Techniques - Sricharan S. Veeturi; Samuel Hall; Soichiro Fujimura; Mahmud Mossa-Basha; Elena Sagues; Edgar A. Samaniego; Vincent M. Tutino (Translational Stroke Research, 2025)

Assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater level changes using ensemble models - Stephen Afrifa; Tao Zhang; Peter Appiahene; Xin Zhao; Vijayakumar Varadarajan; Thomas Atta-Darkwa; Yanzhang Geng; Mensah Samuel Yaw (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2025)

Substance use disorder severity is associated with sensitivity to effort-related decision-making constraints - Samuel F. Acuff; Louisa Kane; Zachary J. Stewart; Justin Riddle; Stacey B. Daughters (Psychopharmacology, 2025)

Applying machine learning techniques for sea level rise forecasting in Axim: tackling missing data and outliers - Emmanuel Ayitey; Francis Ayiah-Mensah; Samuel Nunoo; John Awuah Addor (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2025)

Enhancing Accessibility of Thematic Web Maps for Visually Impaired Users - Samuel D. Manu; Dirk Burghardt; Eva Hauthal (KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, 2025)
Maps have long been invaluable tools for navigation and communication, yet their inherently visual nature poses challenges for people with visual impairments or disabilities. While tactile and acoustic maps address some barriers, the rise of digital and web-based maps has introduced new accessibility challenges. This paper reviews the accessibility of popular web mapping tools, proposes guidelines for the development of accessible thematic web maps, and demonstrates these concepts through the development of a prototype using point data of Austrian castles as a thematic layer. The study reveals that while the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide a generic framework applicable to thematic web maps, additional domain-specific recommendations are necessary to address unique challenges. Accessibility features across web mapping tools vary widely, with some offering built-in support and others requiring developers to implement accessibility measures. This work contributes to advancing inclusivity in web cartography, fostering equal access to spatial information for users with visual disabilities.

Exposing How Long-Term Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Affect the Physical Characteristics of Soil - Mert Acar; Taofeek Samuel Wahab; Özlem Kaya Karaca; Mehmet Işık; Alkhan Sariyev; İbrahim Ortaş (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2025)
The study identifies the soil physical properties most influenced by long-term fertilizer application, offering valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of fertilizer application on soil physical properties by identifying key properties that require monitoring for improvement. A long-term field experiment was initiated (in 1996) on the Typic Xerofluvents soil series, which is generally low in organic carbon contents, and high in soil pH and calcium carbonate. The experiment was established under wheat-maize crop rotations with three replicates in which control (CO), mineral fertilizer (MF), animal manure (M25), compost (C25), compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (C10 + AMF) were applied. After the harvest, soil samples at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm were collected and analyzed. Organic fertilizers such as M25, C25, and C10 + AM significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) by 2.47, 2.19 and 1.86%, water stable aggregates (WSA), and air permeability ( k a ) at both depths. The organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP v ), available water content (AWC v ) at 0–15 cm; bulk density (ρ b ), and total porosity (TP) at 15–30 cm. Furthermore, fertilizer application significantly improved crop yield. WSA had a strong positive correlation with SOM, while the principal component analysis showed that FC v , PWP v , AWC v , MiP, and MaP explained the highest variation, whereas ρ b , TP, and k a made lesser contributions. In terms of k a , hydraulic conductivity (K), SOM, WSA, and other soil parameters, CO outperformed MF; however, it fared badly when compared to organic fertilizers. Compost enhanced k a and K, whereas manure improved SOM, ρ b , and soil moisture; suggesting that if one of these properties is to be improved, a decision must be taken.

Impact of food system interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults in Nigeria and Vietnam - Giulia Pastori; Elise F. Talsma; Edith J. M. Feskens; Le Thi Huong; Folake O. Samuel; Oluyemisi F. Shittu; Toluwalope E. Eyinla; Alan de Brauw; Kate Ambler; Sigrid Wertheim-Heck; Ricardo Hernandez; Brice Even; et al. (Food Security, 2025)
Fruit and vegetable consumption is below the WHO recommendations, globally, in Southeast Asia, and in West Africa. Affordability, accessibility, and acceptability are the main drivers of consumption. Nutrition-sensitive food system interventions that address these drivers may be effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. This study evaluates the effect of an integrated nutrition-sensitive program that aimed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income urban adults in Hanoi, Vietnam ( n = 582), and Ibadan, Nigeria ( n = 626), through the simultaneous implementation of three interventions at the market and consumer levels. Fruit and vegetable intake data were collected after eight months of exposure to the program with repeated quantitative 24-hour recalls and exposure effect was estimated with inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment, adjusting for potential confounders. The impact size on total fruits and vegetables (144 g/d, 95%CI 93, 196), fruits (137 g/d, 95%CI 93, 183) and vegetables (6 g/d, 95%CI -12, 24) showed that intake was higher in the exposed Nigerian population than the control group. In Vietnam, intakes of fruits and vegetables in the exposed group did not statistically differ from the control group when controlling for differences between groups with propensity scores. Participants exposed to all three interventions reported slightly higher intakes compared to those who were exposed to fewer interventions, but these differences were not statistically significant. Integrated approaches of nutrition-sensitive food system interventions need to be implemented to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Co-creation of interventions provides the possibility to address the different drivers and barriers of healthy diets specific of the context.

Genetic insights into non-additive effects in tetraploid potato breeding - Luciana Aparecida Miguel; Rafaela Pereira Carvalho; Roberto Henrique de Lima Ribeiro; Mayra Alejandra Rincón Rueda; Ivan David Briceño-Pinzón; Lucimara Cruz de Souza; Vinicius Samuel Martins; Leticia Novais Padua; José Airton Rodrigues Nunes; Pedro Crescêncio de Souza Carneiro; Mário Henrique Murad Leite Andrade; Márcio Fernando Ribeiro Resende; et al. (Euphytica, 2025)

Particle dynamics in horizontal buoyant jets within linearly stratified environments - Zhiguo He; Haoyang Zhang; Han Zhang; Samuel Ukpong Okon; Rui Zhu (Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2025)

Green infrastructure impacts in winegrowing: A systematic map - Ebba Engström; Robert Fish; Caroline Howe; Catherine Matilda Collins; Benjamin J. Roberts; Samuel Watkins; Alexandra Collins (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2025)

Carbon sequestration capacity of a prairie pothole wetland under warm and dry conditions - W. Oshini K. Fernando; Samuel G. Woodman; Stewart B. Rood; Lawrence B. Flanagan (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2025)

Citizen science reveals relationships between human hunting pressure and the abundance and behaviour of invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.) - Roxanne B. Holmes; Samuel R. Matchette; James E. Herbert-Read (Biological Invasions, 2025)
Predation can shape the distribution and abundance of animals in an environment, with a major source of predation in some systems now coming from humans. However, measuring the influence of human activities on animal behaviour across large geographic ranges can prove challenging. Here we use a citizen science approach to assess relationships between human hunting pressure and invasive lionfish abundance and behaviour across the Western Atlantic and Caribbean. We collected information from SCUBA diving lionfish hunters about their hunting frequency and observations of lionfish abundance and behaviour. Areas which had been more recently invaded had the highest abundances of lionfish, but the number of lionfish hunters reported in recently invaded areas was lowest. While there was no relationship between the number of hunters in an area and the propensity of lionfish to form groups or utilise shelters, lionfish were more likely to be encountered deeper in areas where there were more hunters. In addition, larger maximum group sizes of lionfish were found at locations with more hunters, and this coincided with areas where lionfish were encountered deeper and where larger maximum catch sizes were reported. This study demonstrates how citizen science can be used to approximate differences in the abundance of organisms and collate observations of their behaviour across wide geographic areas. This approach could be particularly valuable in tracking invasion fronts as invasive species spread.

Challenges for coral restoration in Southwestern Atlantic reefs: guidelines for ethical and sustainable practices - Miguel Mies; Guilherme O. Longo; Adalto Bianchini; Emiliano N. Calderon; Clovis B. Castro; Samuel C. Faria; Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho; Flávia M. Guebert; Marcelo V. Kitahara; Carlos H. F. Lacerda; Tito M. C. Lotufo; Laura F. B. Marangoni; et al. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2025)

Thrips biological control agent shows greater niche overlap with invasive alligatorweed than conventional agent in current and future climate scenarios - Samuel A. Schmid; Andrés F. Sánchez-Restrepo; Alejandro J. Sosa; Gray Turnage; Gary N. Ervin (BioControl, 2025)

A review of various analytical techniques for estimating subsurface heat flow regimes from aero-geophysical data - Chigozie C. Ikechukwu; Alexander I. Opara; Samuel O. Onyekuru (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2025)

The impact of the herbicide paraquat on the interaction between a macrophyte (Lemna minor) and two species of cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis flos-aquae) - Suleiman Dauda; Ejiroghene Ebelechukwu Uyovbisere; Adriana Sturion Lorenzi; Zainab Abdullahi Ibrahim; Sadiya Awala Samuel; Ibrahim Madu Katsallah Gadzama; Mathias Ahii Chia (Aquatic Ecology, 2025)

Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spartinae and assessment of bacterial assemblages in infected smooth cordgrass roots - Janete A. Brito; Samuel J. Martins; Amy Michaud; Sergei A. Subbotin; Silvia Vau; Josephine M. Pasche; Ruimin Xue; Jason D. Stanley (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2025)

Counting sedimented Betula pollen grains by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry - Mona Hamzé; Marie Choël; Klervi Vandenbossche; Sylvie Gosselin; Jinane Farah; Samuel Monnier; Antonio Spanu; Tomáš Hájek; Nicolas Visez (Aerobiologia, 2025)

A systematic review of the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of acute diarrhea - Emmanuel Prempeh; Lennox Akwetey; Samuel Ankamah; Naomi Amofah-Serwaa; Emelia Bekoe (Advances in Traditional Medicine, 2025)

A Delphi‐study to identify drivers of future angling participation in five Nordic countries - Stian Stensland; Christian Skov; Sveinn Agnarsson; Patrik Rönnbäck; Teppo Vehanen; Malgorzata Blicharska; Jon Olaf Olaussen; Anders Kagervall; Gustav Hellström; Samuel Blyth; Casper Gundelund; Øystein Aas (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2025)
The Delphi method was used to gather assessments from 93 experts about drivers of future angling participation by locals and tourist anglers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The main drivers of future angling participation related to habitat and fish populations, and access to and information about fishing. For Norway and Finland, the predicted future decline in local angler numbers was consistent with a life‐cycle model of recreational fisheries, while the anticipated increase for the three other countries contradicted the model. For tourist anglers, growth was expected for both domestic and foreign tourists. Long‐term and societal drivers, such as urbanization, sociocultural changes, and climate change were not seen as strong drivers, and may be considered out of reach by managers, but should be included with information and conservation drivers in angler recruitment and retention strategies.

Future Trends in Angler Behavior Based on a Delphi Study in the Nordic Countries - Lotte van den Heuvel; Øystein Aas; Sveinn Agnarsson; Emma Björkvik; Malgorzata Blicharska; Samuel Blyth; Casper Gundelund; Miikka Husa; Jon Olaf Olaussen; Jani Pellikka; Patrik Rönnbäck; Stian Stensland; et al. (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2025)
Recreational fisheries are dynamic social‐ecological systems. Identification of anticipated future trends supports the design of policies and management to deliver outcomes for fisheries resources, users, and communities. To this end, we applied a forecasting method (i.e., Delphi survey) to recreational fisheries in five Nordic countries. The survey consisted of three rounds and included 20 diverse experts from each country. The study focused on expert perceptions of future trends in angler behaviors linked to specific angling activities (e.g., gear used, species targeted), and more general behavior (e.g., social media use, stewardship). Experts unanimously expected increases in fly fishing, stewardship, and use of angling‐related technologies and social media platforms in the upcoming decade. Results can guide future research, management, and collaboration related to recreational fishing in the Nordic countries and beyond.

Effect of temperature on metabolic stress and recovery of two Argyrosomus species from simulated catch‐and‐release angling - Brett A. Pringle; Murray I. Duncan; Alexander C. Winkler; Samuel Mafwila; Charmaine Jagger; Niall J. McKeown; Paul W. Shaw; Romina Henriques; Warren M. Potts (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2025)
Catch‐and‐release (C&R) angling has grown in popularity due to increasing numbers of conservation‐minded anglers and regulations of recreational fisheries. C&R is often assumed to cause low mortality but can cause physiological and physical impairment. Fish metabolism and temperature interact to play a critical role in the biological functioning of fish. Understanding the relationship between temperature, fish metabolism, and physiological impairment is important for effective fisheries management and conservation, particularly for C&R angling in a changing thermal environment. We used respirometry to quantify post‐release metabolic stress and recovery of two popular Namibian angling species ( Argyrosomus inodorus and A. coronus ) subjected to simulated C&R angling across a range of temperatures. Metabolic stress and recovery time did not differ significantly between warm ( A. coronus ) and cold‐water ( A. inodorus ) species at any test temperature. However, several specimens of both species failed to recover physiologically and physically after 10 hours, thereby indicating C&R‐related impairment and potential for mortality. Given the predator‐rich environment of coastal waters in Namibia, best C&R practices are needed to minimise post‐release mortality.

Imagination, Reality, and Reproduction: Comparing Perceptions of Coastal Sea Trout Anglers, Real Catches, and Sea Trout Spawning Activity - Samuel Blyth; Stian Stensland; Patrik Rönnbäck (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2025)
Sustainable management of recreational fisheries requires balancing angler attitudes and behaviour with fisheries' biological potential. Herein, we investigated the balance in the sea‐run brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) fishery around the Swedish island of Gotland using data collected through a creel survey, test fishing, and spawning returns to selected streams. Anglers accurately anticipated catches of large fish but underestimated the role of natural reproduction in supporting the stock. Female sea trout entering spawning streams and post‐spawn sea trout caught on the coast were significantly larger than spawning males and non‐spawned fish, and were particularly important for the fishery. Larger sea trout also faced a higher level of harvest pressure than other sizes. Small changes to angler preferences, harvest rates, or regulations could significantly influence characteristics and sustainability of this fishery. The scale and direction of these changes merit further investigation.

Interspecific carnivore competition and ungulate predation correlate with predator species richness - Nathaniel H. Wehr; Hailey M. Boone; Merijn van den Bosch; Alejandra Zubiria Perez; Katelyn L. Wehr; Samuel R. Wehr; Jerrold L. Belant (Ecology, 2025)
Competition for resources underlies the development of ecological community structure and function. Niche compression occurs when species reduce resource use due to competition, and niche complementarity posits resource competition should occur sequentially among habitat, time, and food. Within this context, interspecific predator competition can be influenced by prey characteristics and landscape attributes. We examined drivers of interspecific competition among carnivores using a database of North American ungulate cause‐specific mortality published during 1970–2021. We used weighted logit‐linked beta‐binomial generalized linear mixed models to assess the influence of seven predator species, ungulate age class, and landscape characteristics (i.e., human footprint, terrain ruggedness, and forest cover) on ungulate predation mortality. We predicted that (1) predation by individual predator species would decrease with increasing predator species richness mediated by predator size, (2) landscape characteristics would mediate predation by individual predator species, and (3) juvenile ungulate predation would increase with increasing predator species richness. As predator species richness increased, the proportions of predation attributed to individual predator species decreased, but the overall proportion of ungulate mortality attributed to predation increased. Juvenile ungulates experienced greater predation mortality than adults, with smaller predators predating proportionally more juveniles than larger predators. Landscape metrics altered observed predation patterns among caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ), wherein predation corresponded to terrain ruggedness but not predator species richness, and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ), wherein predation increased with greater forest cover. We provide evidence for niche compression and complementarity using a top–down predator‐centric approach by showing compression in prey resources and increased predation mortality with increasing predator species richness. However, landscape characteristics had limited effects on predator competition at large spatial extents, which counters niche complementarity. Collectively, our results support the importance of large predators to ecosystem structure and efforts to conserve and restore predator guilds.

Termite-tree-soil interactions in cocoa agroforestry systems: farmer perceptions of ecological dynamics, practices and challenges in three ecological zones of Ghana - Michael Asigbaase; Samuel Kumi; Selina Adutwumwaa Acheamfour (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2025)

In vitro antitumor effects of aqueous extract and protease inhibitors from Sterculia striata st. Hil. et naud and metabolite profiling - Tadeu F. Braga Junior; Nerilson M. Lima; Gabriela P. Carli; Roberta M Cachuba; Gracimério J Guarneire; Beatriz J Tabai; Roberta M Abrão; Samuel G Barbosa; Lucas S. Machado; Jander S Nunes; Fabiana S. Machado; Teresinha de Jesus A. S. Andrade; et al. (Natural Product Research, 2025)

Spatial evaluation of flood susceptibility on a national scale across Ghana using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and evidential belief function: an ensemble approach - Samuel Yaw Danso; Yi Ma; Isaac Yeboah Addo (Acta Geophysica, 2025)

The global impact of industrialisation and climate change on antimicrobial resistance: assessing the role of Eco-AMR Zones - Emmanuel Adedeji Oyelayo; Tayo John Taiwo; Samuel Oyeponle Oyelude; Jude Oluwapelumi Alao (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2025)
This study examines the relationship between industrialisation, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene prevalence. Data analysis from the top 20 highly industrialised and the top 20 least industrialised nations revealed that industrial activities significantly contribute to global warming, with temperature increases of up to 2 °C observed in highly industrialised regions. These environmental changes influence the distribution and evolution of AMR genes, as rising temperatures can affect bacterial resistance in a manner similar to antibiotics. Through a bioinformatics approach, a marked disparity in AMR gene frequencies was observed between highly industrialised and less industrialised nations, with developed countries reporting higher frequencies due to extensive antibiotic use and advanced monitoring systems. ‘Eco-AMR Zones’ is proposed as a solution to specialised areas by promoting sustainable industrial practices, enforcing pollution controls, and regulating antibiotic use to mitigate AMR’s environmental and public health impacts. These zones, supported by collaboration across various sectors, offer a promising approach to preserving antibiotic effectiveness and reducing environmental degradation. The study emphasises the importance of integrated global strategies that address both the ecological and public health challenges posed by AMR, advocating for sustainable practices, international collaboration, and ongoing research to combat the evolving threats of climate change and antimicrobial resistance.

Terra Incognita — Contributions of the Olivo-Cerebellar System to Autism Spectrum Disorder - Pranav Shibu; Daniel Ra; Jemima Elise Robins; Samuel Joseph; Sheeba Anteraper (The Cerebellum, 2025)

Assessing heavy metal accumulation in the invasive blue crab (Callinectes sapidus): environmental and human health implications - Esperança Perelló; Samuel Pinya; Antoni Box; Antoni Sureda; Montserrat Compa (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025)
Heavy metals are increasingly becoming a significant environmental concern, especially regarding food safety and security. This is especially concerning as the consumption of harvested marine species can pose potential health concerns. The arrival of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus , to the Balearic Islands has led to the need to evaluate its environmental implications and potential as a food source as part of management efforts. In the present study, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the muscle tissue of C. sapidus were evaluated at several locations in the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean Sea. A total of eighty-three blue crabs were examined (45 males and 38 females) and the concentrations of the heavy metals were evaluated. Regarding metal concentrations, overall, Hg was the most present followed by Cd and then Pb. Concentrations were also site dependent, with Es Grau having the highest Hg concentrations while in s’Albufereta the highest Cd concentrations were observed. Moreover, differences in metal accumulation were also observed between sexes, with juveniles and females exhibiting higher Cd concentrations than males. Furthermore, regarding potential human health concerns for consumption, the margin of exposure (MOE) for Pb were all above 1 and the estimated weekly ingestion (EWI) for Cd and Hg, were all below the established guidelines for food safety. These results highlight that the consumption of C. sapidus from the Balearic Islands does not currently pose a health risk the recreational fisheries sector. Considering these findings, the muscle tissue of C. sapidus is a valuable bioindicator for monitoring heavy metal levels, and continued site-specific monitoring is recommended for the coastal ecosystems of the Balearic Islands.

Hyperspectral detection of blood and melanin defects in salmon fillets - Rowan Romeyn; Samuel Ortega; Karsten Heia (Aquaculture, 2025)

Four new species of the genus Pseudomesochra Scott T., 1902 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Pseudotachidiidae) from the deep sea of the Gulf of California and Gulf of Mexico, with proposal of a new genus and species of the subfamily Danielsseniinae Huys and Gee, 1996 - Samuel Gómez; Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera; Leonardo García-Vázquez (Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2025)

Stepping up to the plate: Leadership and local government waste managers opinions of household food waste interventions - Esther Landells; Olav Muurlink; Gamithri G. Karunasena; Samuel Oakden; Anjum Naweed (Waste Management, 2025)

Novel method to estimate the stiffness of compacted granular geomaterials - Samuel Valencia-Díaz; Jacob D.R. Bordón; J. Yepes; Juan J. Aznárez; Miguel A. Franesqui (Transportation Geotechnics, 2025)

Unique physiological and regulatory activity drives divergent toxin and non-toxin gene expression in rattlesnake accessory venom glands - Claire Kim; Sierra N. Smith; Siddharth S. Gopalan; Samuel R. Kerwin; Kaas Ballard; Blair W. Perry; Cara F. Smith; Anthony J. Saviola; Richard H. Adams; Stephen P. Mackessy; Todd A. Castoe (Toxicon, 2025)

Field-saturated and near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity as influenced by conventional and soil health management systems - Anuradha Garg; Samuel Kwakye; Anna Cates; Heidi Peterson; Kathryn LaBine; Greg Olson; Vasudha Sharma (Soil and Tillage Research, 2025)

Determinants of motives for keeping small ruminants: Evidence from the Northern Ghana - Emmanuel Zumanye; Nicholas Opong Mensah; Thomas Bilaliib Udimal; Tekuni Nakuja; Samuel Afotey Anang; Nanii Yenibehit (Small Ruminant Research, 2025)

Physical injuries among illegal miners in Ghana: Implications for attaining the sustainable development goals - Samuel Boadi; Paul Osei-Tutu; Emmanuel Acquah; Mary Tenkorang (Resources Policy, 2025)

InaTechShips: A validation study of a novel ship dataset through deep learning-based classification and detection models for maritime applications - Eduardo H. Teixeira; Samuel B. Mafra; Felipe A.P. De Figueiredo (Ocean Engineering, 2025)

Investigating the impact of inhomogeneous roughness on the drag of a planing craft assisted by numerical simulation - Muhammad Luqman Hakim; Ahmad Firdhaus; Samuel Samuel; Soonseok Song; Sanghyun Kim; I Ketut Aria Pria Utama (Ocean Engineering, 2025)

Solid rocket motor insulation adhesives with sporicidal activity promote planetary protection for deep space missions - Natalie R. Williams; Morgan R. Sisk; Thomas P. Lampton; Yo-Ann Velez Justiniano; Samuel W. Harris; Courtney M. Higgins; Zahra A. Hooda; Gianni Z. Parello; Ashley E. DeSilva; Chelsi D. Cassilly; Mark H. Bray; Mark R. Liles (Life Sciences in Space Research, 2025)

An optimal network that promotes the spread of an advantageous variant in an SIR epidemic - Samuel Lopez; Natalia L. Komarova (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2025)

Understanding farmers’ challenges in maintaining maize quality for industrial use in Ghana: Barriers and strategies - Mensah Amos; Faizal Adams; Prince Asiedu; Vashti Owusu-Nkwantabisah; Samuel Owusu Afriyie (Journal of Stored Products Research, 2025)

“Effect of various storage techniques on the physical, nutritional, and sensory properties of sorghum in Tigray, Ethiopia” - Gebremedhin Teklay Abay; Sarah Tewoldeberhan; Teklebrhan Welday Atsbha; Fetien Abay Abera; Rizana Mahroof; Samuel Alemayehu (Journal of Stored Products Research, 2025)

Unveiling efficacies of tamarind seed catalysts towards glycerol valorisation: Optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, cost analysis and E-metrics - D. Rhithuparna; Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum; Gopinath Halder (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mass flux and mass balance at an aqueous film-forming foam release site in semiarid eastern New Mexico, USA - Erin L. Gray; Samuel E. Potteiger; Trevor D. Brannon; Stuart B. Norton; Jay Cho; Michael D. Annable (Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2025)

Spatial structure, distribution, and fractal analysis of lightning waiting times in three global hotspots - Samuel T. Ogunjo; Bolarinwa J. Adekoya; Ayomide O. Olabode (Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2025)

Germline transformation of the West Nile virus and avian malaria vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say using the piggyBac transposon system - Katherine Nevard; Rajdeep Kaur; Tim Harvey-Samuel (Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2025)

A channel shifting GIS toolbox for exploring floodplain dynamics through channel erosion and deposition - Miloš Rusnák; Šimon Opravil; Samuel Dunesme; Hamid Afzali; Louis Rey; Hervé Parmentier; Hervé Piégay (Geomorphology, 2025)

Contamination of groundwater by microorganisms and risk management: Conceptual model, existing data, and challenges - A.J. Natishah; Melvin S. Samuel; Karrun Velmurugan; S.R. Showparnickaa; S.M. Indumathi; Mohan Kumar (Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2025)

Addressing climate inaction as our greatest threat to sustainable development - Samuel Mackay; Rob Hales; John Hewson; Rosemary Addis; Brendan Mackey (Global Environmental Change, 2025)