Phytocompounds for mosquito larvicidal activity and their modes of action: A review - Pathalam Ganesan; Rajan Samuel; Subramanian Mutheeswaran; Perumal Pandikumar; Appadurai Daniel Reegan; Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu; Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu (South African Journal of Botany, 2023)

Recent progress and challenges in biotechnological valorization of lignocellulosic materials: Towards sustainable biofuels and platform chemicals synthesis - Samuel Gyebi Arhin; Alessandra Cesaro; Francesco Di Capua; Giovanni Esposito (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Promoted Sb removal with hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell by ZIF-67-derived modified sulfate-reducing bacteria bio-cathode - Junxi Dai; Zhongyi Huang; Hongguo Zhang; Huihui Shi; Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani; Xianjie Liu; Lei Huang; Jia Yan; Tangfu Xiao (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Oxidative stress and behavioral responses of moorish geckos (Tarentola mauritanica) submitted to the presence of an introduced potential predator (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) - Maria Febrer-Serra; Nil Lassnig; Víctor Colomar; Gabriela Picó; Silvia Tejada; Antoni Sureda; Samuel Pinya (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Coupling methanotrophic denitrification to anammox in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal under hypoxic conditions - Ting Xie; Xinyu Liu; Yiming Xu; Samuel Bryson; Lu Zhao; Kai Huang; Shiqi Huang; Xiaoming Li; Qi Yang; Huiyu Dong; Mari-Karoliina H. Winkler (Science of The Total Environment, 2023)

Satellite prediction of coastal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico - Yingjie Li; Samuel V.J. Robinson; Lan H. Nguyen; Jianguo Liu (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2023)

Eco-innovation in the extractive industry: Combinative effects of social legitimacy, green management, and institutional pressures - Samuel Adomako; Nguyen Phong Nguyen (Resources Policy, 2023)

A survey of enteric disease agents in UK deer populations - Samuel J. Pearce; Katy Turner; Tristan A. Cogan; Aiden P. Foster (Research in Veterinary Science, 2023)

Distal tephras along the SE European margin date powerful explosive eruptions from the Elbrus volcanic center (Greater Caucasus) - Vera Ponomareva; Maxim Portnyagin; Martin Danišík; Evgeny Konstantinov; Egor Zelenin; Nikolai Tkach; Folkmar Hauff; Axel K. Schmitt; Bjarne Friedrichs; Boris Romanyuk; Marcel Guillong; Christopher L. Kirkland; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Fluctuations of the Universidad Glacier in the Andes of central Chile (34° S) during the latest Holocene derived from a 10Be moraine chronology - Hans Fernández-Navarro; Juan-Luis García; Samuel U. Nussbaumer; Dmitry Tikhomirov; Francia Pérez; Isabelle Gärtner-Roer; Marcus Christl; Markus Egli (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)

Oligo-Miocene subduction-related volcanism of the Loyalty and Three Kings ridges, SW Pacific: a precursor to the Tonga-Kermadec arc - Arnaud Agranier; Martin Patriat; Nick Mortimer; Julien Collot; Samuel Etienne; Patricia Durance; Phil Gans (Lithos, 2023)

Stratigraphy, isotope geochemistry, seismic stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lagoa do Jacaré Formation, Bambuí Foreland Basin (Ediacaran-Cambrian), Southeast Brazil - Márcio Vinicius Santana Dantas; Alexandre Uhlein; Gabriel Jubé Uhlein; Juliana Okubo; Samuel Amaral Moura (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2023)

Laser scattering imaging combined with CNNs to model the textural variability in a vegetable food tissue - Samuel Verdú; José M. Barat; Raúl Grau (Journal of Food Engineering, 2023)

Effect of keeping Geoffroy's side-necked turtles ( ) on land versus in water for 12 hours on hematological and biochemical parameters - André Bragagnoli; Samuel Jorge; Joyce Souza; Márcio Benvenutti; Sóstenes Pereira; Fernanda Henrique; Pedro Neto; Antônio Vaz (Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2023)

Rehabilitation of eroded trails and gullies on quartzite rock outcrops with native species in a high-altitude grassland - Mirelli B. Medeiros; Juni Cordeiro; Samuel Lourenço L. Silva; Ione H. Salim; André Reis; Tomás Jansen Lacerda; Euler A. Lobo Seabra; Mateus F. Oliveira; Sarah P. Moura; Izabel N.R. Santos; Laura Bessa; Maria Thereza Fonseca; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Swimming against the stream: A systems approach to rebuilding fishing stocks - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele; Dr Carina Roemer; Dr Mary Mackay; Dr Samuel Williams (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Short-term effects of macrophyte removal on aquatic biodiversity in rivers and lakes - Benjamin Misteli; Alexandrine Pannard; Eirin Aasland; Sarah Faye Harpenslager; Samuel Motitsoe; Kirstine Thiemer; Stéphanie Llopis; Julie Coetzee; Sabine Hilt; Jan Köhler; Susanne C. Schneider; Christophe Piscart; et al. (Journal of Environmental Management, 2023)

Stratigraphy and Paleoenvironment(s) of the Late Cretaceous deposits in Ohafia area, Afikpo Basin, Southeastern Nigeria - Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru; Onyema Uchenna Achukwu-Ononye; Aniediobong Jonah Ukpong; Ifeyinwa Juliana Ofoh; Sabinus Ikechukwu Ibeneme; Kalu Kalu Ibe; Timothy Chibuike Anyanwu (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2023)

Tutorial: Guide to error propagation for particle counting measurements - Timothy A. Sipkens; Joel C. Corbin; Samuel J. Grauer; Gregory J. Smallwood (Journal of Aerosol Science, 2023)

Convective outgassing efficiency in planetary magma oceans: Insights from computational fluid dynamics - Arnaud Salvador; Henri Samuel (Icarus, 2023)

Pore structure and wetting alteration combine to produce the low salinity effect on oil production - Edward Andrews; Ann Muggeridge; Alistair Jones; Samuel Krevor (Fuel, 2023)

Environmental noise and health in low-middle-income-countries: A systematic review of epidemiological evidence - Yingxin Chen; Anna L. Hansell; Sierra N. Clark; Yutong Samuel Cai (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine - Samuel Bru; Adrián González-Marrón; Cristina Lidón-Moyano; Reyes Carballar; Joan Marc Martínez-Láinez; Hipólito Pérez-Martín; Marcela Fu; Raúl Pérez-Ortuño; Montse Ballbè; Jose A. Pascual; Esteve Fernández; Josep Clotet; et al. (Environmental Research, 2023)

Seasonal trends of PCBs in air over Washington DC reveal localized urban sources and the influence of Anacostia River - Mandar Bokare; Nathalie Lombard; Samuel Magee; Dev Murali; Upal Ghosh (Environmental Pollution, 2023)

Reconstructing the dynamics of managed populations to estimate the impact of citizen surveillance - Daniel Spring; Thao P. Le; Samuel Adam Bloom; Jonathan M. Keith; Tom Kompas (Ecological Modelling, 2023)

Toxicity comparison of atrazine on Eisenia fetida in artificial soil and three natural soils - Xiaoying Li; Yue Yang; Ruolin Wu; Kaixuan Hou; Samuel C. Allen; Lusheng Zhu; Zhongkun Du; Bing Li; Jinhua Wang; Jun Wang (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2023)

The importance of transport phenomena on the flow synthesis of monodispersed sharp blue-emitting perovskite CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets - Kaiwen Zhang; Yunhu Gao; Bruno Pinho; Robert L.Z. Hoye; Samuel D. Stranks; Laura Torrente-Murciano (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction by magnetite-humic acid adsorption complexes under mildly acidic conditions: Synergistic/antagonistic mechanism and multi-step reaction model - Jingjie Chang; Jia Zhang; Hui Wang; Yunfei Bai; Yu Liu; Yanze Bi; Huanzhen Zhang; Honghan Chen; Samuel Barnie; Haijiao Xie (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023)

Detecting variation in starch granule size and morphology by high-throughput microscopy and flow cytometry - Mercedes Thieme; Anton Hochmuth; Theresa Elisabeth Ilse; Jose A. Cuesta-Seijo; Szymon Stoma; Roger Meier; Simon Flyvbjerg Nørrelykke; Pai Rosager Pedas; Ilka Braumann; Samuel C. Zeeman (Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023)

Temporary and permanent control of partially specified Boolean networks - Luboš Brim; Samuel Pastva; David Šafránek; Eva Šmijáková (BioSystems, 2023)

Long-term changes in CH4 emissions: Comparing ΔCH4/ΔCO2 ratios between observation and proved model in East Asia (2010–2020) - Samuel Takele Kenea; Haeyoung Lee; Prabir K. Patra; Shanlan Li; Lev D. Labzovskii; Sangwon Joo (Atmospheric Environment, 2023)

Rare Production of Seeds by Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligator Weed) in North America Observed in Terrestrial Populations - Samuel A. Schmid; Gray Turnage; Gary N. Ervin (Wetlands, 2023)

Successful restoration of archived ovine formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis - Amanda Kravitz; Ron Tyler; B. Murali Manohar; B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald; Michael T. Collins; Nammalwar Sriranganathan (Veterinary Research Communications, 2023)
Archived formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are powerful tools in medicine, capable of harboring diagnostic and genetic answers to challenging clinical questions. Successful utilization of DNA derived from FFPE samples is dependent upon repairing DNA damage generated from the fixation process. Methods to repair FFPE DNA have been successful in human medicine for a variety of research and clinical applications, yet remain underutilized in veterinary medicine. Despite the available technology, our study is the first to evaluate the repair of FFPE derived DNA from veterinary species for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip and Illumina FFPE QC and DNA Restore kit. To accomplish this, 48 ovine FFPE samples were run using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip with and without restoration. Compared to pre-restore data, we found increased sample call rates, SNP call frequency, and assay metrics for all samples post-restoration. Further, we utilized four sheep with available parallel fresh DNA and FFPE DNA to compare assay metrics and genotype calls between the two starting sample types. Although fresh samples generated increased call rates, we found 99% concordance in allele calls between restored FFPE and fresh DNA for all four samples. Our results indicate successful restoration and genotyping of ovine FFPE samples using this technology, with potential for utilization in other veterinary species.

A precipitation reconstruction based on pinyon pine tree rings from the northeastern Mexican subtropic - Samuel Arroyo-Morales; Claudia C. Astudillo-Sánchez; Oscar Alberto Aguirre-Calderón; José Villanueva-Díaz; Leroy Soria-Díaz; Aldo R. Martínez-Sifuentes (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2023)

Engraftment of Transplanted Buccal Epithelial Cells onto the Urethrotomy Site, Proven Immunohistochemically in Rabbit Model; a Feat to Prevent Urethral Stricture Recurrence - Akio Horiguchi; Masayuki Shinchi; Kenichiro Ojima; Yusuke Hirano; Toshihiro Kushibiki; Yoshine Mayumi; Kosuke Miyai; Ichiro Miura; Masaru Iwasaki; Vaddi Suryaprakash; Rajappa Senthilkumar; Senthilkumar Preethy; et al. (Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2023)

Does engagement help to reduce insomnia when workers are emotionally exhausted? - Samuel Fernández-Salinero; Gabriela Topa; Juan José Fernández Muñoz (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2023)
Insomnia is one of the most common problems, affecting more than 35% of the world’s population. To achieve a better understanding of this problem the focus of this research is to understand how emotional exhaustion at work may lead to insomnia. To help to combat it, we tested a mediation model including engagement factors. The sample was composed of 823 participants. 38.3% (315 subjects) were male and 61.7% (508 subjects) were female. Mean age was 42.65 years old (9.05 = SD). Main results showed that emotional exhaustion is directly and statistically significant related to insomnia. However, different engagement factors showed different weights in buffering this relationship. Emotional exhaustion showed a statistically significant impact on insomnia. Vigor and absorption helped to buffer the impact of emotional exhaustion over insomnia. Our study has some limitations. First, the sample was acquired by not aleatory processes. Another limitation is that our sample was composed of individuals with decision-making capacity. Lastly, our research is a transversal study. Future research should take these limitations into account and conduct longitudinal research with aleatory sampling procedures.

Estradiol-dependent hypocretinergic/orexinergic behaviors throughout the estrous cycle - Hye Ji J. Kim; Samuel A. Dickie; Robert B. Laprairie (Psychopharmacology, 2023)
Rationale The female menstrual or estrous cycle and its associated fluctuations in circulating estradiol (E2), progesterone, and other gonadal hormones alter orexin or hypocretin peptide production and receptor activity. Depending on the estrous cycle phase, the transcription of prepro-orexin mRNA, post-translational modification of orexin peptide, and abundance of orexin receptors change in a brain region-specific manner. The most dramatic changes occur in the hypothalamus, which is considered the starting point of the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis as well as the hub of orexin-producing neurons. Thus, hypothalamus-regulated behaviors, including arousal, feeding, reward processing, and the stress response depend on coordinated efforts between E2, progesterone, and the orexin system. Given the rise of orexin therapeutics for various neuropsychiatric conditions including insomnia and affective disorders, it is important to delineate the behavioral outcomes of this drug class in both sexes, as well as within different time points of the female reproductive cycle. Objectives Summarize how the menstrual or estrous cycle affects orexin system functionality in animal models in order to predict how orexin pharmacotherapies exert varying degrees of behavioral effects across the dynamic hormonal milieu.

Laticifer ontogenesis and the chemical constituents of Marsdenia zehntneri (Apocynaceae) latex in a semiarid environment - Hellen Karla Oliveira Marques; Maria Gabriela Ferreira Figueiredo; Willian Samuel de Souza Pio; Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro; Islaine Franciely Pinheiro de Azevedo; Lucienir Pains Duarte; Grasiely Faria de Sousa; Mariana Guerra de Aguilar; Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões (Planta, 2023)

Carbon accumulation in soil layers under degraded, intact and planted forest cover types in tropical semi-deciduous and moist evergreen forests - Samuel Mensah Opoku; Andrew J. Burton; Emmanuel Opuni-Frimpong (New Forests, 2023)

A method to sample small mammals in the subnivium - Samuel R. Jolly; Allison M. Scott; Tanya R. Aldred; Jonathan H. Gilbert; Jonathan N. Pauli (Mammal Research, 2023)

Global drivers of historical true fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions - Jiří Trombik; Samuel F. Ward; Allen L. Norrbom; Andrew M. Liebhold (Journal of Pest Science, 2023)

Influence of the secondary aluminum chip on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete - Socrates Pedro Muñoz Perez; Juan Martin Garcia Chumacero; Samuel Charca Mamani; Luigi Italo Villena Zapata (Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2023)

Individual physiological responses to changes in shoe bending stiffness: a cluster analysis study on 96 runners - Mickael Chollet; Samuel Michelet; Nicolas Horvais; Sebastien Pavailler; Marlene Giandolini (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)

Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery - Adriano A. L. Carmo; Karine N. O. Goulart; Christian E. T. Cabido; Ygor A. T. Martins; Gabriela C. F. Santos; Felipe L. T. Shang; Luciano S. Prado; Danusa D. Soares; Marco T. de Mello; Thiago T. Mendes; Emerson Silami-Garcia; Samuel P. Wanner (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2023)

Enhancing cowpea production through breeding efforts for aphid (aphis crassivora koch) resistance: a review - Aminu Aliyu; Mohammad Faguji Ishiyaku; Samuel Kwame Offei; Isaac Kolo Asante; John Saviour Yaw Eleblu; Ramatu Enehezeyi Aliyu (Euphytica, 2023)

Egg-derived porous plasma modified clay composite for wastewater remediation - Claude F. G. Mbafou; Brice Takam; Franck W. Boyom-Tatchemo; Jean-Baptiste Tarkwa; Elie Acayanka; Georges Y. Kamgang; Eric M. Gaigneaux; Samuel Laminsi (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023)

Hydrogeochemical evolution and assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Gushegu Municipality and some parts of East Mamprusi District, Ghana - Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari; Timothy Abangba; Anthony Ewusi; Samuel Edem Kodzo Tetteh; Enoch Ofosu (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023)

21st Century alpine climate change - Sven Kotlarski; Andreas Gobiet; Samuel Morin; Marc Olefs; Jan Rajczak; Raphaëlle Samacoïts (Climate Dynamics, 2023)
A comprehensive assessment of twenty-first century climate change in the European Alps is presented. The analysis is based on the EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble available at two grid spacings (12.5 and 50 km) and for three different greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The core simulation ensemble has been subject to a dedicated evaluation exercise carried out in the frame of the CH2018 Climate Scenarios for Switzerland. Results reveal that the entire Alpine region will face a warmer climate in the course of the twenty-first century for all emission scenarios considered. Strongest warming is projected for the summer season, for regions south of the main Alpine ridge and for the high-end RCP 8.5 scenario. Depending on the season, medium to high elevations might experience an amplified warming. Model uncertainty can be considerable, but the major warming patterns are consistent across the ensemble. For precipitation, a seasonal shift of precipitation amounts from summer to winter over most parts of the domain is projected. However, model uncertainty is high and individual simulations can show change signals of opposite sign. Daily precipitation intensity is projected to increase in all seasons and all sub-domains, while the wet-day frequency will decrease in the summer season. The projected temperature change in summer is negatively correlated with the precipitation change, i.e. simulations and/or regions with a strong seasonal mean warming typically show a stronger precipitation decrease. By contrast, a positive correlation between temperature change and precipitation change is found for winter. Among other indicators, snow cover will be strongly affected by the projected climatic changes and will be subject to a widespread decrease except for very high elevation settings. In general and for all indicators, the magnitude of the change signals increases with the assumed greenhouse gas forcing, i.e., is smallest for RCP 2.6 and largest for RCP 8.5 with RCP 4.5 being located in between. These results largely agree with previous works based on older generations of RCM ensembles but, due to the comparatively large ensemble size and the high spatial resolution, allow for a more decent assessment of inherent projection uncertainties and of spatial details of future Alpine climate change.

Placental mesenchymal stem cells restore glucose and energy homeostasis in obesogenic adipocytes - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi; Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath; Sukesh Narayan Sinha; Bhonde R; Sathish Kumar Mungamuri; Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan (Cell and Tissue Research, 2023)

Advanced treatment of food processing effluent by indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortia: Population dynamics and enhanced nitrogen uptake - Ayesha Algade Amadu; Abdul-Wahab Abbew; Shuang Qiu; Gloria Naa Dzama Addico; Isaac Hodgson; Samuel Duodu; Serapis Asiedu Appiah; Shijian Ge (Algal Research, 2023)

3D static reservoir modelling: a case study of the Izu Field, coastal swamp depobelt, Niger Delta Basin - Izuchukwu Jude Ugwu; Onome Omas Okobiebi; Brume Overare; Samuel Enoroghoe Ogbeide (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2023)

Morphological characteristics and yield of Opuntia stricta and Nopalea cochenillifera in integrated crop systems with caatinga trees - Clemente Fernandes dos Santos Neto; Rodrigo Gregório da Silva; Samuel Rocha Maranhão; Cleber Medeiros Barreto; Marcos Neves Lopes; Magno José Duarte Cândido (Agroforestry Systems, 2023)

ETIB‐T: An Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography for plant traits - Julian Schrader; Ian J. Wright; Holger Kreft; Patrick Weigelt; Samuel C. Andrew; Ian Abbott; Mark Westoby (Journal of Biogeography, 2023)
Aim The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) posits that species richness on islands represents a dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction. ETIB makes predictions about numbers of species and biogeographical rates, but not about species identities or functional traits. However, functional traits provide additional information in understanding the assembly of island biotas. Here, we build on ETIB's principle of community equilibria and investigate how these processes affect plant functional traits over time. Location Fifteen islands from 164 m 2 to 19 km 2 in Western Australia. Taxon Angiosperms. Methods We assembled an island‐trait dataset linking seed mass, plant height and leaf area of 156 species to their occurrences on 15 islands sampled four times within four decades. We estimated community trait means and functional diversity for each island and sampling period and tested whether both remained at equilibrium over time. Using linear models, we tested whether temporal species turnover is linked to specific traits. We used generalised linear mixed‐effect models to test for the effect of environmental characteristics on species and trait turnover. Results Species richness on the islands was at equilibrium as predicted by ETIB despite high species temporal turnover. Functional diversity and community trait means also were stable over time. Species most susceptible to turnover were on average smaller and had lower seed mass than persisting species. Environmental island characteristics had no strong effect in explaining species and trait turnover. Main conclusions We provide evidence that ETIB can be extended to functional traits, which we suggest to term Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography for Traits . Trait equilibria on islands suggest that locally extinct species are replaced by new ones sharing similar traits. Being small with light seeds increases both immigration probability and extinction risk.

Responding to warming in polar oceans: A commentary on Molina et al. (2022) - Lloyd Samuel Peck (Global Change Biology, 2023)

The effects of marine heatwaves on acute heat tolerance in corals - Magena R. Marzonie; Line K. Bay; David G. Bourne; Andrew S. Hoey; Samuel Matthews; Josephine J. V. Nielsen; Hugo B. Harrison (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Scleractinian coral populations are increasingly exposed to conditions above their upper thermal limits due to marine heatwaves, contributing to global declines of coral reef ecosystem health. However, historic mass bleaching events indicate there is considerable inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in thermal tolerance whereby species, individual coral colonies and populations show differential susceptibility to exposure to elevated temperatures. Despite this, we lack a clear understanding of how heat tolerance varies across large contemporary and historical environmental gradients, or the selective pressures that underpin this variation. Here we conducted standardised acute heat stress experiments to identify variation in heat tolerance among species and isolated reefs spanning a large environmental gradient across the Coral Sea Marine Park. We quantified the photochemical yield ( F v /F m ) of coral samples in three coral species, Acropora cf humilis , Pocillopora meandrina , and Pocillopora verrucosa , following exposure to four temperature treatments (local ambient temperatures, and + 3°C, +6°C and + 9°C above local maximum monthly mean). We quantified the temperature at which F v /F m decreased by 50% (termed ED50) and used derived values to directly compare acute heat tolerance across reefs and species. The ED50 for Acropora was 0.4–0.7°C lower than either Pocillopora species, with a 0.3°C difference between the two Pocillopora species. We also recorded 0.9°C to 1.9°C phenotypic variation in heat tolerance among reefs within species, indicating spatial heterogeneity in heat tolerance across broad environmental gradients. Acute heat tolerance had a strong positive relationship to mild heatwave exposure over the past 35 years (since 1986) but was negatively related to recent severe heatwaves (2016–2020). Phenotypic variation associated with mild thermal history in local environments provides supportive evidence that marine heatwaves are selecting for tolerant individuals and populations; however, this adaptive potential may be compromised by the exposure to recent severe heatwaves.

Capacity of deep‐sea corals to obtain nutrition from cold seeps aligned with microbiome reorganization - Eslam O. Osman; Samuel A. Vohsen; Fanny Girard; Rafaelina Cruz; Orli Glickman; Lena M. Bullock; Kaitlin E. Anderson; Alexis M. Weinnig; Erik E. Cordes; Charles R. Fisher; Iliana B. Baums (Global Change Biology, 2023)
Cold seeps in the deep sea harbor various animals that have adapted to utilize seepage chemicals with the aid of chemosynthetic microbes that serve as primary producers. Corals are among the animals that live near seep habitats and yet, there is a lack of evidence that corals gain benefits and/or incur costs from cold seeps. Here, we focused on Callogorgia delta and Paramuricea sp. type B3 that live near and far from visual signs of currently active seepage at five sites in the deep Gulf of Mexico. We tested whether these corals rely on chemosynthetically‐derived food in seep habitats and how the proximity to cold seeps may influence; (i) coral colony traits (i.e., health status, growth rate, regrowth after sampling, and branch loss) and associated epifauna, (ii) associated microbiome, and (iii) host transcriptomes. Stable isotope data showed that many coral colonies utilized chemosynthetically derived food, but the feeding strategy differed by coral species. The microbiome composition of C. delta , unlike Paramuricea sp., varied significantly between seep and non‐seep colonies and both coral species were associated with various sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (SUP05). Interestingly, the relative abundances of SUP05 varied among seep and non‐seep colonies and were strongly correlated with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values. In contrast, the proximity to cold seeps did not have a measurable effect on gene expression, colony traits, or associated epifauna in coral species. Our work provides the first evidence that some corals may gain benefits from living near cold seeps with apparently limited costs to the colonies. Cold seeps provide not only hard substrate but also food to cold‐water corals. Furthermore, restructuring of the microbiome communities (particularly SUP05) is likely the key adaptive process to aid corals in utilizing seepage‐derived carbon. This highlights that those deep‐sea corals may upregulate particular microbial symbiont communities to cope with environmental gradients.

Can money supply endogeneity influence bank stock returns? A case study of South Asian economies - Lingcai Liu; Taqadus Bashir; Alaa Amin Abdalla; Asma Salman; Carlos Samuel Ramos-meza; Vipin Jain; Malik Shahzad Shabbir (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Novel gC3N4/MgZnAl-MMO derived from LDH for solar-based photocatalytic ammonia production using atmospheric nitrogen - Jijoe Samuel Prabagar; Divya Vinod; Yadav Sneha; Kotermane Mallikarjunappa Anilkumar; Sami Rtimi; Kitirote Wantala; Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

10β-Hydroxyestra-1,4-diene-3,17-dione as potential antiproliferative agent: in vitro biological evaluation and in silico studies - Catarina Canário; Mariana Matias; Vanessa de Brito; Pedro Cruz-Vicente; Pedro Soeiro; Adriana O. Santos; Amílcar Falcão; Samuel Silvestre; Gilberto Alves (Natural Product Research, 2022)

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Do drivers of renewable energy consumption matter for BRICS economies? Nexus among technological innovation, environmental degradation, economic growth, and income inequality - Iftikhar Muhammad; Rasim Ozcan; Vipin Jain; Carlos Samuel Ramos-Meza; Chanchal Chawla (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Photocatalytic transfer of aqueous nitrogen into ammonia using nickel-titanium-layered double hydroxide - Jijoe Samuel Prabagar; Yadav Sneha; Thinley Tenzin; Behzad Shahmoradi; Sami Rtimi; Kitirote Wantala; David Jenkins; Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Lost in print: difficulty in reading online information pertaining to phenylketonuria - Lalitha Samuel; Joseph Fera; Corey H. Basch (Journal of Community Genetics, 2022)

On the dissolution of sponge silica: Assessing variability and biogeochemical implications - Manuel Maldonado; María López-Acosta; Samuel Abalde; Isabel Martos; Hermann Ehrlich; Aude Leynaert (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The dissolution of the biogenic silica that constitutes the skeletons of silicifying organisms is an important mechanism for regenerating dissolved silicon in the ocean. The silica skeletons deposited to the seafloor after the organisms die keep dissolving until becoming definitively buried. The low dissolution rate of sponge skeletons compared to that of diatom skeletons favors their burial and makes sponges (Phylum Porifera) to function as important silicon sinks in the oceans. However, it remains poorly understood whether the large variety of siliceous skeletons existing in the Porifera involves similar variability in their dissolution rates, which would affect the general conceptualization of these organisms as silicon sinks. Herein we investigated kinetics of silica dissolution for major types of skeletons in the three siliceous lineages of Porifera, following standardized digestion conditions in 1% sodium carbonate with orbital agitation at 85°C. The results are compared with those of a previous study conducted under identical conditions, which considered diatom silica, sponge silica, and lithogenic silica. Unexpectedly, the silica of homoscleromorph sponges dissolved only a bit slower than that of freshly cultured diatoms and as fast as diatom earth. However, the rest of sponge skeletons were far more resistant, although with some differences: the isolated spicules of hexactinellid sponges dissolved slightly faster than when forming frameworks of fused spicules, being hexactinellid frameworks as resistant to dissolution as the silica of demosponges, irrespective of occurring in the form of isolated spicules or frameworks. The experiments also indicated that the complexation of sponge silica with aluminum and with chitin does not increase its resistance to dissolution. Because the rapidly-dissolving homoscleromorph sponges represent less than 1% of extant sponges, the sponge skeletons are still conceptualized as important silicon sinks due to their comparative resistance to dissolution. Yet, the turnover of silica into dissolved silicon will always be faster in environments dominated by hexactinellids with isolated spicules than in environments dominated by other hexactinellids and/or demosponges. We discuss whether the time required for a given silica type to completely dissolve in 1% sodium carbonate could be a predictor of its preservation ratio in marine sediments.

Factors enhancing the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses in Africa - Sandra Ateutchia Ngouanet; Samuel Wanji; Anges Yadouleton; Maurice Demanou; Rousseau Djouaka; Ferdinand Nanfack-Minkeu (VirusDisease, 2022)

Decadal forest soil respiration following stem girdling - Elizabeth A. Clippard; Samuel I. Haruna; Peter S. Curtis; Cameron Clay; Ben Bond-Lamberty; Kayla Mathes; Christoph S. Vogel; Christopher M. Gough (Trees, 2022)

Burrow builders as ecosystem engineers for pit-building antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) - Samuel Novais; Daniela Ayala-Sánchez; Juan Andrés Figueroa-Alvarez; Armando Aguirre-Jaimes; José G. García-Franco; Mauricio Quesada; Vicente Hernández-Ortiz (The Science of Nature, 2022)

Groundwater prospective mapping using remote sensing and GIS techniques: the case of Meki watershed in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia - Diriba Worku Doyo; Sirak Tekleab Gebrekristos; Ayalew Shura Kasa; Samuel Dagalo Hatiye (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022)

A strong backbone for an invertebrate group: anchored phylogenomics improves the resolution of genus-level relationships within the Lumbricidae (Annelida, Crassiclitellata) - Daniel F. Marchán; Samuel W. James; Alan R. Lemmon; Emily Moriarty Lemmon; Marta Novo; Jorge Domínguez; Darío J. Díaz Cosín; Dolores Trigo (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2022)

JM-20, a Benzodiazepine-Dihydropyridine Hybrid Molecule, Inhibits the Formation of Alpha-Synuclein-Aggregated Species - Cleonice Creusa Santos; Thyago R. Cardim-Pires; Liana Shvachiy; Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca; Patricia Muñoz; Áurea Maria A. N. Almeida; Ana Carla S. Costa; Jéssica Teles-Souza; Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez; Maria de Fátima Dias Costa; Fernando L. Palhano; Juan Segura-Aguilar; et al. (Neurotoxicity Research, 2022)

Building Capacity in Implementation Science for Cancer Prevention and Control Through a Research Network Scholars Program - Daniela B. Friedman; Cam Escoffery; Samuel B. Noblet; Christine M. Agnone; Kimberly J. Flicker (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Numerical assessment of potential sea level rise impacts on coastal retreat along the Nigerian Mahin mud coast - Samuel Daramola; Huan Li; Opeyemi Akinrinade; Godson Hoenyedzi; Olawale Adenugba (Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2022)

Aging results in DNA damage and telomere dysfunction that is greater in endothelial versus vascular smooth muscle cells and is exacerbated in atheroprone regions - Samuel I. Bloom; Jordan R. Tucker; Jisok Lim; Tyler G. Thomas; Gregory J. Stoddard; Lisa A. Lesniewski; Anthony J. Donato (GeroScience, 2022)

Increased production of chitinase by a Paenibacillus illinoisensis isolated from Brazilian coastal soil when immobilized in alginate beads - Francenya Kelley Lopes da Silva; Artur Ribeiro de Sa Alexandre; Ariadine Amorim Casas; Maycon Carvalho Ribeiro; Keili Maria Cardoso de Souza; Enio Saraiva Soares; Samuel Rodrigues Dos Santos Junior; Jose Daniel Gonçalves Vieira; Andre Correa Amaral (Folia Microbiologica, 2022)

Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium - Samuel R. C. Weaver; Catarina Rendeiro; Rebekah A. I. Lucas; N. Timothy Cable; Tom E. Nightingale; Helen M. McGettrick; Samuel J. E. Lucas (European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022)
The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.

Performance Evaluation of Near-Real-Time Satellite Rainfall Estimates over Three Distinct Climatic Zones in Tropical West-Africa - Odinakachukwu C. Echeta; Kwaku Amaning Adjei; S. A. Andam-Akorful; Charles Gyamfi; Deborah Darko; Samuel Nii Odai; Efiba Vidda Senkyire Kwarteng (Environmental Processes, 2022)

Modeling of structural features from aeromagnetic maps using an improved deep learning technique - Oluwaseun Samuel Ogungbemi; Kazeem Oyebode; Ganiyu Olabode Badmus; Adebayo Tajudeen Ogunyemi (Earth Science Informatics, 2022)

Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and Comparison of Methods of Susceptibility to Vancomycin - Danillo S. Rosa; Samily A. S. Oliveira; Renata F. S. Souza; Amaro A. S. Neto; Letícia S. B. Cunha; Antônio W. C. Fernandes; Ianka F. S. Soares; Sarah K. R. Teixeira; Samuel R. Aquino; Gisele V. Gouveia; Jackson R. G. S. Almeida; Carine R. Naue; et al. (Current Microbiology, 2022)

Genotypic variation in grain nutritional content and agronomic traits of upland rice: strategy to reduce hunger and malnutrition - Samuel Ferrari; Matheus Luís Oliveira Cunha; Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo; Diego Cunha Zied; Lara Caroline Alves de Oliveira; Enes Furlani Júnior (Cereal Research Communications, 2022)

Reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women by age and oestrogen receptor status - Samuel O. Azubuike; Louise Hayes; Linda Sharp; Richard McNally (Cancer Causes & Control, 2022)

Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Low Frequency Heart Sounds - Samuel Emil Schmidt; Lene Helleskov Madsen; John Hansen; Henrik Zimmermann; Henning Kelbæk; Simon Winter; Dorte Hammershøi; Egon Toft; Johannes Jan Struijk; Peter Clemmensen (Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2022)

Absence of significant association of trace elements in nails with urinary KIM-1 biomarker among residents of Addis Ababa in Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study - Bitew K. Dessie; Bewketu Mehari; Mahlet Osman; Sirak Robele Gari; Adey F. Desta; Samuel Melaku; Tena Alamirew; Michaela L. Goodson; Claire L. Walsh; Gete Zeleke; Adane Mihret (BioMetals, 2022)

Bite Force Performance from wild Derived mice has Undetectable Heritability Despite Having Heritable Morphological Components - Samuel Ginot; Benedikt Hallgrímsson; Sylvie Agret; Julien Claude (Evolutionary Biology, 2022)
Fitness-related traits tend to have low heritabilities. Conversely, morphology tends to be highly heritable. Yet, many fitness-related performance traits such as running speed or bite force depend critically on morphology. Craniofacial morphology correlates with bite performance in several groups including rodents. However, within species, this relationship is less clear, and the genetics of performance, morphology and function are rarely analyzed in combination. Here, we use a half-sib design in outbred wild-derived Mus musculus to study the morphology-bite force relationship and determine whether there is additive genetic (co-)variance for these traits. Results suggest that bite force has undetectable additive genetic variance and heritability in this sample, while morphological traits related mechanically to bite force exhibit varying levels of heritability. The most heritable traits include the length of the mandible which relates to bite force. Despite its correlation with morphology, realized bite force was not heritable, which suggests it is less responsive to selection in comparison to its morphological determinants. We explain this paradox with a non-additive, many-to-one mapping hypothesis of heritable change in complex traits. We furthermore propose that performance traits could evolve if pleiotropic relationships among the determining traits are modified.

Interactive Effects of Warming and Pollutants on Marine and Freshwater Invertebrates - Khuong V. Dinh; Heidi Sjursen Konestabo; Katrine Borgå; Ketil Hylland; Samuel J. Macaulay; Michelle C. Jackson; Julie Verheyen; Robby Stoks (Current Pollution Reports, 2022)
Purpose of Review Global warming and pollution are among the five major causes of global biodiversity loss, particularly in aquatic invertebrates which are highly diverse but understudied. In this review, we highlight advancements in current environmental studies investigating the interactive effects between warming and contaminants in freshwater and marine invertebrates. We not only focused on temperate regions but also synthesized information on the less studied Arctic/Antarctic and tropical regions. Recent Findings In general, the same combination of warming and contaminants may result in either additive or non-additive interactive effects depending on taxa, the response variable, life stage, genotype, exposure level, duration and order of exposure, and the number of exposed generations. For traditional contaminants such as metals and pesticides, combined effects with warming at the individual level were generally synergistic. Growing evidence suggests that multigenerational exposure can shift the interaction between warming and contaminants toward antagonism, while contemporary evolution may change the interaction type. Summary Our synthesis highlights the importance of temporal aspects in shaping interaction type, including order of exposure, ontogenetic effects, transgenerational effects, and evolution. The combination of laboratory experiments (to advance mechanistic understanding) and outdoor mesocosm studies or field observations (to increase realism) is needed to obtain comprehensive assessments of interactive effects of warming and pollutants from genes to ecosystems.

Comparative study of homogeneous ensemble methods with conventional ML classifiers in litho-facies detection using real-time drilling data - Romy Agrawal; Aashish Malik; Robello Samuel; Amit Saxena (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Abiotic factors that affect the distribution of aquatic macrophytes in shallow north temperate Minnesota lakes: a spatial modeling approach - Samuel A. Schmid; Ryan M. Wersal; Jonathan P. Fleming (Aquatic Ecology, 2022)

European catfish Silurus glanis behaviour in response to a strong summer hypoxic event in a shallow lake - Samuel Westrelin; Stéphanie Boulêtreau; Frédéric Santoul (Aquatic Ecology, 2022)

Evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of β-sitosterol isolated from Combretum platypetalum Welw. ex M.A. Lawson (Combretaceae) on Jurkat-T cells and protection by glutathione - Auxillia Machingauta; Marc Y. Stevens; Chi Godloves Fru; Simbarashe Sithole; Samuel Yeboah; Stanley Mukanganyama (Advances in Traditional Medicine, 2022)

Skull base hemangiopericytomas - Samuel Tobias; Shady Jahshan; Yuval Grober; Jean F. Soustiel (Acta Neurologica Belgica, 2022)

Whole genome population structure of North Atlantic kelp confirms high‐latitude glacial refugia - Trevor T. Bringloe; Antoine Fort; Masami Inaba; Ronan Sulpice; Cliodhna Ní Ghriofa; Agnes Mols‐Mortensen; Karen Filbee‐Dexter; Christophe Vieira; Hiroshi Kawai; Takeaki Hanyuda; Dorte Krause‐Jensen; Birgit Olesen; et al. (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Coastal refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago) have been hypothesized at high latitudes in the North Atlantic, suggesting marine populations persisted through cycles of glaciation and are potentially adapted to local environments. Here, whole‐genome sequencing was used to test whether North Atlantic marine coastal populations of the kelp Alaria esculenta survived in the area of southwestern Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum. We present the first annotated genome for A. esculenta and call variant positions in 54 individuals from populations in Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Faroe Islands, Norway and Ireland. Differentiation across populations was reflected in ~1.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, which further revealed mixed ancestry in the Faroe Islands individuals between putative Greenlandic and European lineages. Time‐calibrated organellar phylogenies suggested Greenlandic populations were established during the last interglacial period more than 100,000 years ago, and that the Faroe Islands population was probably established following the Last Glacial Maximum. Patterns in population statistics, including nucleotide diversity, minor allele frequencies, heterozygosity and linkage disequilibrium decay, nonetheless suggested glaciation reduced Canadian Atlantic and Greenlandic populations to small effective sizes during the most recent glaciation. Functional differentiation was further reflected in exon read coverage, which revealed expansions unique to Greenland in 337 exons representing 162 genes, and a modest degree of exon loss (103 exons from 56 genes). Altogether, our genomic results provide strong evidence that A. esculenta populations were resilient to past climatic fluctuations related to glaciations and that high‐latitude populations are potentially already adapted to local conditions as a result.

Experimentally elevated testosterone shortens telomeres across years in a free‐living songbird - Britt J. Heidinger; Samuel P. Slowinski; Aubrey E. Sirman; Jeffrey Kittilson; Nicole M. Gerlach; Ellen D. Ketterson (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Reproductive investment often comes at a cost to longevity, but the mechanisms that underlie these long‐term effects are not well understood. In male vertebrates, elevated testosterone has been shown to increase reproductive success, but simultaneously to decrease survival. One factor that may contribute to or serve as a biomarker of these long‐term effects of testosterone on longevity is telomeres, which are often positively related to lifespan and have been shown to shorten in response to reproduction. In this longitudinal study, we measured the effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on telomere shortening in free‐living, male dark‐eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis carolinensis ), a system in which the experimental elevation of testosterone has previously been shown to increase reproductive success and reduce survival. We found a small, significant effect of testosterone treatment on telomeres, with testosterone‐treated males exhibiting significantly greater telomere shortening with age than controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased telomere shortening may be a long‐term cost of elevated testosterone exposure. As both testosterone and telomeres are conserved physiological mechanisms, our results suggest that their interaction may apply broadly to the long‐term costs of reproduction in male vertebrates.

Landscape genetics outperforms habitat suitability in predicting landscape resistance for congeneric cat species - Caroline Charão Sartor; Ho Yi Wan; Javier A. Pereira; Eduardo Eizirik; Tatiane Campos Trigo; Thales Renato O. de Freitas; Samuel Alan Cushman (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim The use of landscape resistance maps to model connectivity has become an indispensable tool for species conservation. However, different methods can be used to estimate landscape resistance, but there is no consensus on which is the most reliable one. Therefore, comparing the performance of those methods in predicting resistance can be quite useful to understand their limitations and conservation implications. Our goal was to evaluate the accuracy of two commonly used approaches, habitat suitability modelling and landscape genetics, in estimating landscape resistance to genetic connectivity of two species of Neotropical cats ( Leopardus guttulus and L. geoffroyi ) across their ranges. Location South America. Taxon Felidae— L. guttulus and L. geoffroyi. Methods For both species, we optimized a landscape genetics resistance surface using a restricted multivariate optimization approach and transformed a habitat suitability map into a resistance layer. We compared landscape resistance models created by these two approaches based on the models' Akaike information criterion scores and evaluated the similarities and differences in their predictions by calculating the correlation between the resistance layers and generating difference maps. Results The genetic approach greatly outperformed the habitat suitability approach in explaining movement driving gene flow for both species. For the studied species, habitat preference and genetic connectivity are influenced by different landscape features. Habitat alteration imposes great resistance for genetic connectivity, and the presence of natural vegetation remnants within altered environments is essential for their conservation. Main conclusions For the studied species, the transformation of habitat suitability models into resistance surfaces is a poor proxy for permeability to dispersal, and the use of genetic data is more reliable in modelling connectivity for species conservation. Habitat suitability and landscape resistance are not equivalent or even proportional for these species.

Feeding habits influence species habitat associations at the landscape scale in a diverse clade of Neotropical fishes - Karold Viviana Coronado‐Franco; Pablo A. Tedesco; Matthew A. Kolmann; Samuel R. Borstein; Kristine O. Evans; Sandra Bibiana Correa (Journal of Biogeography, 2022)
Aim A primary goal of community ecology is to understand the mechanisms that drive species' spatial distribution and habitat associations. Species' geographic distribution can be influenced by the distribution of their prey partly because consumers' behaviour is oriented to optimal energy use during foraging. We analysed how differences in dietary preferences influence the spatial distribution and habitat associations of species at the landscape scale. We hypothesized that differences in feeding guilds will lead to divergent habitat association patterns among species. Location Amazon River drainage basin. Taxon Characiform fishes in the family Serrasalmidae (piranhas and pacus). Methods We used diet data to classify species into feeding guilds (frugivores, herbivores, piscivores, fin and scale feeders and planktivores). We used three proxies of habitat association derived from satellite products: floodplain extent, landscape heterogeneity and flood duration, in three distance buffers. We implemented phylogenetic generalized least squares models to evaluate the relationship between habitat association and feeding guilds. Results Frugivores, piscivores and fin and scale feeders presented similar patterns of habitat associations, with frugivores occupying wider areas of floodplain and greater landscape heterogeneity. Herbivores and planktivores were associated with smaller floodplain extents and lower landscape heterogeneity. All feeding guilds were associated with similar levels of flood duration. Main conclusions Differences in resource distribution (assessed through feeding guilds) can influence habitat association. Considering the hydrological variability (i.e. floodplain extent) and landscape heterogeneity that characterize floodplains, the patterns of habitat association vary with the spatial scale considered. This work highlights the importance of understanding species habitat associations by fish as well as food resource dynamics and floodplain dependence. This realization is critical for assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on freshwater ecosystems.

Avoiding growing pains in reproductive trait databases: the curse of dimensionality - Samuel C. Ginther; Hayley Cameron; Craig R. White; Dustin J. Marshall (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Aim Reproductive output features prominently in many trait databases, but the metrics describing it vary and are often untethered to temporal and volumetric dimensions (e.g., fecundity per bout). The use of such ambiguous reproductive measures to make broad‐scale comparisons across taxonomic groups will be meaningful only if they show a 1:1 relationship with a reproductive measure that explicitly includes both a volumetric and a temporal component (i.e., reproductive mass per year). We sought to map the prevalence of ambiguous and explicit reproductive measures across taxa and to explore their relationships with one another to determine the cross‐compatibility and utility of reproductive metrics in trait databases. Location Global. Time period 1990–2021. Major taxa studied We searched for reproductive measures across all Metazoa and identified 19,785 vertebrate species (Chordata), and 440 invertebrate species (Arthropoda, Cnidaria or Mollusca). Methods We included 37 databases, from which we summarized the commonality of reproductive metrics across taxonomic groups. We also quantified scaling relationships between ambiguous reproductive traits (fecundity per bout, fecundity per year and reproductive mass per bout) and an explicit measure (reproductive mass per year) to assess their cross‐compatibility. Results Most species were missing at least one temporal or volumetric dimension of reproductive output, such that reproductive mass per year could be reconstructed for only 4,786 vertebrate species. Ambiguous reproductive measures were poor predictors of reproductive mass per year; in no instance did these measures scale at 1:1. Main conclusions Ambiguous measures systematically misestimate reproductive mass per year. Until more data are collected, we suggest that researchers should use the clade‐specific scaling relationships provided here to convert ambiguous reproductive measures to reproductive mass per year.

Global biodiversity conservation requires traditional Chinese medicine trade to be sustainable and well regulated - Yifu Wang; Samuel T. Turvey; Nigel Leader‐Williams (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is highlighted by conservation practitioners as an ongoing threat to many overharvested plant and animal species, including several charismatic threatened vertebrates. However, studies that provide evidence‐based and practical recommendations on how to better regulate the TCM trade for sustainability and biodiversity conservation remain limited. China is the biggest promotor of and market for TCM and understanding the TCM trade in China is important for global biodiversity conservation. In particular, conservation researchers need to better understand how the TCM trade and its regulations interact with China's development needs and should collaborate with TCM communities to propose locally adapted suggestions to decision makers. However, progress in these areas has been restricted by language, cultural, and knowledge barriers. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current status of TCM‐related regulations in China, identify weaknesses in regulation frameworks, and highlight issues that currently limit our understanding of the magnitude, dynamics, and impact of the trade. We propose changes in trade regulations, actions to enhance law enforcement, and future research directions to encourage a more sustainable TCM trade that benefits both global biodiversity conservation and TCM development.

Bacterioplankton dispersal and biogeochemical function across Alaskan Arctic catchments - Raymond M. Lee; Natasha Griffin; Erin Jones; Benjamin W. Abbott; Rebecca J. Frei; Samuel Bratsman; Mary Proteau; Isabella M. Errigo; Arial Shogren; William B. Bowden; Jay P. Zarnetske; Zachary T. Aanderud (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
In Arctic catchments, bacterioplankton are dispersed through soils and streams, both of which freeze and thaw/flow in phase, seasonally. To characterize this dispersal and its potential impact on biogeochemistry, we collected bacterioplankton and measured stream physicochemistry during snowmelt and after vegetation senescence across multiple stream orders in alpine, tundra, and tundra‐dominated‐by‐lakes catchments. In all catchments, differences in community composition were associated with seasonal thaw, then attachment status (i.e. free floating or sediment associated), and then stream order. Bacterioplankton taxonomic diversity and richness were elevated in sediment‐associated fractions and in higher‐order reaches during snowmelt. Families Chthonomonadaceae , Pyrinomonadaceae , and Xiphinematobacteraceae were abundantly different across seasons, while Flavobacteriaceae and Microscillaceae were abundantly different between free‐floating and sediment‐associated fractions. Physicochemical data suggested there was high iron (Fe + ) production (alpine catchment); Fe + production and chloride (Cl − ) removal (tundra catchment); and phosphorus (SRP) removal and ammonium (NH 4 + ) production (lake catchment). In tundra landscapes, these ‘hot spots’ of Fe + production and Cl − removal accompanied shifts in species richness, while SRP promoted the antecedent community. Our findings suggest that freshet increases bacterial dispersal from headwater catchments to receiving catchments, where bacterioplankton‐mineral relations stabilized communities in free‐flowing reaches, but bacterioplankton‐nutrient relations stabilized those punctuated by lakes.

Impact of salinity origin on microbial communities in saline springs within the Illinois Basin, USA - Linduo Zhao; Hongbo Shao; Li Zhang; Samuel V. Panno; Walton R. Kelly; Tzu‐Yu Lin; Wen‐Tso Liu; Theodore M. Flynn; Peter Berger (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Saline springs within the Illinois Basin result from the discharge of deep‐seated evaporated seawater (brine) and likely contain diverse and complex microbial communities that are poorly understood. In this study, seven saline/mineral springs with different geochemical characteristics and salinity origins were investigated using geochemical and molecular microbiological analyses to reveal the composition of microbial communities inhabiting springs and their key controlling factors. The 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated that each spring harbours a unique microbial community influenced by its geochemical properties and subsurface conditions. The microbial communities in springs that originated from Cambrian/Ordovician strata, which are deep confined units that have limited recharge from overlying formations, share a greater similarity in community composition and have a higher species richness and more overlapped taxa than those that originated from shallower Pennsylvanian strata, which are subject to extensive regional surface and groundwater recharge. The microbial distribution along the spring flow paths at the surface indicates that 59.8%–94.2% of total sequences in sedimentary samples originated from spring water, highlighting the role of springs in influencing microbiota in the immediate terrestrial environment. The results indicate that the springs introduce microbiota with a high biodiversity into surface terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting microbial reservoirs in downstream ecosystems.

Climate change impacts on phenology and ripening of cv. Touriga Nacional in the Dão wine region, Portugal - Pedro Rodrigues; Vanda Pedroso; Samuel Reis; Chenyao Yang; João A. Santos (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
The present study is devoted to climate change impact assessment on the phenological development and ripening of cv. Touriga Nacional in the Dão Wine Region, Portugal. For this purpose, the dates of the three main phenological stages (budbreak, flowering and veraison) and two maturity stages are projected for two future periods (2041–2070 and 2071–2100), under two anthropogenic radiative forcing scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and compared against a baseline period (1991–2020). The phenological and maturity stages are simulated using phenological development models (PDMs) and a temperature‐based ripeness model (TRM), respectively. An overall advancement in both phenology and ripening stages are identified under future warmer climates, though site‐dependent. Furthermore, the advancements in phenology are more pronounced (a) for stages between the beginning of veraison and end of ripening than for the earlier stages, (b) for the long‐term future period (2071–2100) under RCP8.5 and (c) for the vineyard site “Viseu.” These changes are due to the combination of budbreak advancement with a shortening of some phenophases. The strongest shortening is found in the ripening period, while no significant changes in flowering timings and duration of the berry development period are projected. The advancement and the shortening of the grapevine growing season will shift ripening to the warmest part of the year. This twofold climate change impact of the air temperature on ripening may affect the sugar and organic acid balance, as well as the colour of the must. The current findings can be used by the regional winemaking sector in planning and implementing suitable climate change adaptation to enhance its climate resiliency and sustainability. Subsequent studies for this wine region should be carried out to assess the climate change impacts on late frost risk, on climatic viticultural zoning, on yield and berry quality at harvest.

Potential and limitations of convection‐permitting CNRM‐AROME climate modelling in the French Alps - Diego Monteiro; Cécile Caillaud; Raphaëlle Samacoïts; Matthieu Lafaysse; Samuel Morin (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
Convection‐permitting climate modelling is a promising avenue for climate change research and services especially in mountainous regions. Work is required to evaluate the results of high‐resolution simulations against relevant observations, and put them in a broader context against coarser resolution modelling frameworks. Here we evaluate numerical simulations with the convection‐permitting regional climate model CNRM‐AROME ran at 2.5 km horizontal resolution over a large pan‐Alpine domain in the European Alps, using either the ERA‐Interim or climate model output as boundary conditions. This study analyses annual and seasonal characteristics of 2 m temperature, total precipitation, solid fraction of precipitation and snow depth at the scale of the French Alps under past and future climate conditions. The results are compared with the local reanalysis S2M, and raw or adjusted, with the ADAMONT method, simulations of the regional climate model CNRM‐ALADIN driven either by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis or the CNRM‐CM5 global climate model. The study highlights generally similar differences in past and future climate between the datasets, as well as obstacles to the use of some CNRM‐AROME outputs as they stand. These consist of excessive accumulation of snow on the ground above 1,800 m a.s.l., as well as lower temperature values at same elevations than the S2M reanalysis and the ADAMONT‐adjusted outputs. Besides these obstacles, CNRM‐AROME simulations present several advantages compared to the raw CNRM‐ALADIN outputs. Among them, a significantly smaller cold bias, more realistic values of accumulated precipitations, as well as a better representation of the spatial variability of the different variables investigated, which always stand closer to the reference data than in the CNRM‐ALADIN outputs. As suggested by many studies, CNRM‐AROME could even produce more realistic accumulated precipitations at high elevation than the S2M reanalysis taken as our reference and consequently than the ADAMONT‐adjusted projections, but the lack of a reliable set of high‐resolution observations at high elevation remains an obstacle to their evaluation.

Predicting non-native seaweeds global distributions: The importance of tuning individual algorithms in ensembles to obtain biologically meaningful results - Samuel Sainz-Villegas; Camino Fernández de la Hoz; José A. Juanes; Araceli Puente (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
Modelling non-native marine species distributions is still a challenging activity. This study aims to predict the global distribution of five widespread introduced seaweed species by focusing on two mains aspects of the ensemble modeling process: (1) Does the enforcement of less complex models (in terms of number of predictors) help in obtaining better predictions? (2) What are the implications of tuning the configuration of individual algorithms in terms of ecological realism? Regarding the first aspect, two datasets with different number of predictors were created. Regarding the second aspect, four algorithms and three configurations were tested. Models were evaluated using common evaluation metrics (AUC, TSS, Boyce index and TSS-derived sensitivity) and ecological realism. Finally, a stepwise procedure for model selection was applied to build the ensembles. Models trained with the large predictor dataset generally performed better than models trained with the reduced dataset, but with some exceptions. Regarding algorithms and configurations, Random Forest (RF) and Generalized Boosting Models (GBM) scored the highest metric values in average, even though, RF response curves were the most unrealistic and non-smooth and GBM showed overfitting for some species. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and MAXENT, despite their lower scores, fitted smoother curves (especially at intermediate complexity levels). Reliable and biologically meaningful predictions were achieved. Inspecting the number of predictors to include in final ensembles and the selection of algorithms and its complexity have been demonstrated to be crucial for this purpose. Additionally, we highlight the importance of combining quantitative (based on multiple evaluation metrics) and qualitative (based on ecological realism) methods for selecting optimal configurations.

Changes in extreme precipitation events in the Zambezi River basins based on CORDEX‐CORE models: Part I—Evaluation of historical simulation - Sydney Samuel; Modise Wiston; Kgakgamatso Mphale; Dieudonne Nsadisa Faka (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
This study evaluates the ability of the Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) initiated under the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) to reproduce austral summer extreme precipitation indices over the Zambezi River basin (ZRB) from 1983 to 2005. The ability of the RCMs to simulate the spatial distributions of observed extreme precipitation was assessed using multiple datasets. The spatially averaged performance of the CORDEX‐CORE ensemble mean (CORE‐ENS) and RCM ensembles (RCM‐ENSEMBLES developed from different combinations of CORE‐ENS ensemble members) was evaluated using statistical metrics. The results showed similarities in the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation among the observations. However, there were considerable differences in the magnitude of extreme precipitation among the observations. The frequency of days with very heavy precipitation (R20) showed the largest differences in magnitude among the observations. Although there are differences in magnitude, CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCM‐ENSEMBLES can capture the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation. Specifically, CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCM‐ENSEMBLES overestimated (underestimated) the frequency of rainy days (RR1) and maximum consecutive wet days (CWD) (maximum consecutive dry days [CDD]). In contrast, some members of CORE‐ENS overestimate, while others underestimate, the simple daily intensity index (SDII), the frequency of days with heavy precipitation (R10), and R20, depending on the choice of reference data. The Consortium for Small‐scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode (CCLM) and Regional MOdel (REMO) performed better than the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4.7) in simulating the spatial distributions of extreme precipitation. The regionally averaged uncertainties (biases) of the CORE‐ENS, its ensemble members, and RCMENSEMBLES were within the range of those in the observational datasets, except for CWD (CWD and RR1). Overall, CORE‐ENS performed better than its ensemble members in simulating extreme precipitation.

Evaluation and projection of precipitation in Pakistan using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 model simulations - Adnan Abbas; Safi Ullah; Waheed Ullah; Muhammad Waseem; Xin Dou; Chengyi Zhao; Aisha Karim; Jianting Zhu; Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan; Asher Samuel Bhatti; Gohar Ali (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of global climate models (GCMs) from the family of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in the historical simulation of precipitation and select the best performing GCMs for future projection of precipitation in Pakistan under multiple shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The spatiotemporal performance of GCMs was evaluated against the Climate Research Unit (CRU) data in simulating annual precipitation during 1951–2014, using the Taylor diagram and interannual variability skill (IVS). Moreover, the modified Mann–Kendall (mMK) and Sen's slope estimator (SSE) tests were employed to estimate significant trends in future precipitation for the period 2015–2100. Based on the comprehensive ranking index (CRI), the HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM model has the highest skill in simulating precipitation distributions followed by EC‐Earth3‐Veg‐LR, CNRM‐ESM2‐1, MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR, CNRM‐CM6‐1, MRI‐ESM2‐0, CNRM‐CM6‐1‐HR, EC‐Earth3‐Veg, MCM‐UA‐1‐0, INM‐CM5‐0, KACE‐1‐0‐G, CAMS‐CSM1‐0, and HadGEM3‐GC31‐LL models. Furthermore, the projections of the best models ensemble mean (BMEM) showed that the study region will experience a substantial increase in precipitation under SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5 but an indolent rise under SSP1‐2.6 and SSP2‐4.5 scenarios. The summer and annual precipitations exhibit a statistically significant increasing trend relative to the winter season under most scenarios. Moreover, the magnitude of monotonic trends in seasonal and annual precipitation progresses from low forcing scenario (SSP1‐2.6) to high forcing scenario (SSP5‐8.5). The findings of the study could provide a benchmark in selecting appropriate GCMs for future projection over a data scare region, like Pakistan. Moreover, the projected trends of future precipitation are crucial in devising adaption and mitigation actions towards sustainable planning of water resource management, food security, and disaster risk management.

Analyzing transport demand and environmental degradation: the case of G-7 countries - Sinan Erdogan; Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie; Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Festus Victor Bekun; Phebe Asantewaa Owusu (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Application of Machine Learning-based Energy Use Forecasting for Inter-basin Water Transfer Project - Sooyeon Yi; G. Mathias Kondolf; Samuel Sandoval-Solis; Larry Dale (Water Resources Management, 2022)
Energy use forecasting is crucial in balancing the electricity supply and demand to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the inter-basin water transfer project. Energy use prediction supports the reliable water-energy supply and encourages cost-effective operation by improving generation scheduling. The objectives are to develop subsequent monthly energy use predictive models for the Mokelumne River Aqueduct in California, US. Partial objectives are to (a) compare the model performance of a baseline model (multiple linear regression (MLR)) to three machine learning-based models (random forest (RF), deep neural network (DNN), support vector regression (SVR)), (b) compare the model performance of the whole system to three subsystems (conveyance, treatment, distribution), and (c) conduct sensitivity analysis. We simulate a total of 64 cases (4 algorithms (MLR, RF, DNN, SVR) x 4 systems (whole, conveyance, treatment, distribution) x 4 scenarios (different combinations of independent variables). We concluded that the three machine learning algorithms showed better model performance than the baseline model as they reflected non-linear energy use characteristics for water transfer systems. Among the three machine learning algorithms, DNN models yielded higher model performance than RF and SVR models. Subsystems performed better than the whole system as the models more closely reflected the unique energy use characteristics of the subsystems. The best case was having water supply (t), water supply (t-1), precipitation (t), temperature (t), and population (y) as independent variables. These models can help water and energy utility managers to understand energy performance better and enhance the energy efficiency of their water transfer systems.

Host plant resistance for fall armyworm management in maize: relevance, status and prospects in Africa and Asia - Boddupalli M. Prasanna; Anani Bruce; Yoseph Beyene; Dan Makumbi; Manje Gowda; Muhammad Asim; Samuel Martinelli; Graham P. Head; Srinivas Parimi (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2022)
Key message Sustainable control of fall armyworm (FAW) requires implementation of effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, with host plant resistance as a key component. Significant opportunities exist for developing and deploying elite maize cultivars with native genetic resistance and/or transgenic resistance for FAW control in both Africa and Asia. Abstract The fall armyworm [ Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); FAW] has emerged as a serious pest since 2016 in Africa, and since 2018 in Asia, affecting the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers, especially those growing maize. Sustainable control of FAW requires implementation of integrated pest management strategies, in which host plant resistance is one of the key components. Significant strides have been made in breeding elite maize lines and hybrids with native genetic resistance to FAW in Africa, based on the strong foundation of insect-resistant tropical germplasm developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico. These efforts are further intensified to develop and deploy elite maize cultivars with native FAW tolerance/resistance and farmer-preferred traits suitable for diverse agro-ecologies in Africa and Asia. Independently, genetically modified Bt maize with resistance to FAW is already commercialized in South Africa, and in a few countries in Asia (Philippines and Vietnam), while efforts are being made to commercialize Bt maize events in additional countries in both Africa and Asia. In countries where Bt maize is commercialized, it is important to implement a robust insect resistance management strategy. Combinations of native genetic resistance and Bt maize also need to be explored as a path to more effective and sustainable host plant resistance options. We also highlight the critical gaps and priorities for host plant resistance research and development in maize, particularly in the context of sustainable FAW management in Africa and Asia.

Air pollution in five Indian megacities during the Christmas and New Year celebration amidst COVID-19 pandemic - Roshini Praveen Kumar; Cyril Samuel; Shanmathi Rekha Raju; Sneha Gautam (Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2022)

Modelling the recent variations of water balance components and water availability within the Senegal River basin: using WEAP21 model - Mbayang Thiam; Kwaku Amaning Adjei; Awa Niang; Charles Gyamfi; Samuel Nii Odai; Alioune Kane (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Evaluation of dry and wet spell events over West Africa using CORDEX-CORE regional climate models - Christiana Funmilola Olusegun; Oluwayomi Awe; Itunu Ijila; Opeyemi Ajanaku; Samuel Ogunjo (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Chemical and Mechanical Signals Trigger Courtship in the Wild Large-Headed Resin Bee Heriades truncorum - Cristina Ganuza; Manfred Ayasse; Samuel Boff (Journal of Insect Behavior, 2022)
Hymenopteran females are mostly highly selective, choosing their mating partner according to male quality signals, and may also signal their fertility through chemical advertisement. Male insects, in turn, often display a complex set of courtship behaviors to allure females to mate. In this study we explored the mechanisms triggering courtship behaviors in the oligolectic bee Heriades truncorum . In this species, males perform wing fanning followed by a sideways rocking motion before copulation. We tested the role of chemical cues in partner recognition by exposing males to dead females washed from cuticular extracts (i.e., sex pheromones) that were posteriorly coated, or not, with an extract of unmated females. Additionally, we experimentally reduced male wing length to test whether wing fanning was responsible for triggering sideways rocking motions. We found males to interact more often with females coated by extracts from unmated females, and to display wing fanning in the presence of these pheromones. Male wing fanning was important to perform sideways rocking motions, which are an essential behavior for successful mating and possibly an element used by females to evaluate male quality. Our study shows that both chemical and mechanical signals from female and male bees, respectively, are important elements in the mating system of H. truncorum .

A Review on Graphene Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Detection of Emerging Pollutants - Solomon S. Durodola; Abolanle S. Adekunle; Lukman O. Olasunkanmi; John A. O. Oyekunle; Odunayo T. Ore; Samuel O. Oluwafemi (Journal of Fluorescence, 2022)

Slow-oscillatory tACS does not modulate human motor cortical response to repeated plasticity paradigms - Claire Bradley; Jessica Elliott; Samuel Dudley; Genevieve A. Kieseker; Jason B. Mattingley; Martin V. Sale (Experimental Brain Research, 2022)
Previous history of activity and learning modulates synaptic plasticity and can lead to saturation of synaptic connections. According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, neural oscillations during slow-wave sleep play an important role in restoring plasticity within a functional range. However, it is not known whether slow-wave oscillations—without the concomitant requirement of sleep—play a causal role in human synaptic homeostasis. Here, we aimed to answer this question using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to induce slow-oscillatory activity in awake human participants. tACS was interleaved between two plasticity-inducing interventions: motor learning, and paired associative stimulation (PAS). The hypothesis tested was that slow-oscillatory tACS would prevent homeostatic interference between motor learning and PAS, and facilitate plasticity from these successive interventions. Thirty-six participants received sham and active fronto-motor tACS in two separate sessions, along with electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, while a further 38 participants received tACS through a control montage. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded throughout the session to quantify plasticity changes after the different interventions, and the data were analysed with Bayesian statistics. As expected, there was converging evidence that motor training led to excitatory plasticity. Importantly, we found moderate evidence against an effect of active tACS in restoring PAS plasticity, and no evidence of lasting entrainment of slow oscillations in the EEG. This suggests that, under the conditions tested here, slow-oscillatory tACS does not modulate synaptic homeostasis in the motor system of awake humans.

Ecological and human risk assessments of heavy metal contamination of surface soils of auto-mechanic shops at Bogoso Junction, Tarkwa, Ghana - Eric Gyimah; Godfred Nana Wireko Gyimah; Eric Stemn; Samuel Ndur; Gordon Amankwaa; Shadrack Fosu (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022)

Damming news: Geospatial media discourse analysis of dams - Samuel G. Roy; Bridie McGreavy; Tyler Quiring; Caroline Gottschalk Druschke (Environmental Management, 2022)

Complete genome sequence of a Moroccan isolate of cereal chlorotic mottle virus - Robert A. Alvarez-Quinto; Benham E. Lockhart; Joana Serrano; Samuel Grinstead; Dimitre Mollov (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Characterization of novel of temperate phages of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk - Bibiana Martins Barasuol; Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti; Luis Antônio Sangioni; Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira; Ana Paula Muterle Varela; Fabiana Quoos Mayer; Emanuele Serro Pottker; Gabriela Flores Gonçalves; Samuel Cibulski; Sônia de Avila Botton (Archives of Microbiology, 2022)

Physics-Informed Machine Learning Improves Detection of Head Impacts - Samuel J. Raymond; Nicholas J. Cecchi; Hossein Vahid Alizadeh; Ashlyn A. Callan; Eli Rice; Yuzhe Liu; Zhou Zhou; Michael Zeineh; David B. Camarillo (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2022)

Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia - Luke T. Dunning; Jill K. Olofsson; Alexander S. T. Papadopulos; Samuel G. S. Hibdige; Oriane Hidalgo; Ilia J. Leitch; Paulo C. Baleeiro; Sinethemba Ntshangase; Nigel Barker; Richard W. Jobson (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra , a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene‐flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.

Bacterial community dynamics explain carbon mineralization and assimilation in soils of different land‐use history - Samuel E. Barnett; Nicholas D. Youngblut; Daniel H. Buckley (Environmental Microbiology, 2022)
Soil dwelling microorganisms are key players in the terrestrial carbon cycle, driving both the degradation and stabilization of soil organic matter. Bacterial community structure and function vary with respect to land use; yet the ecological drivers of this variation remain poorly described and difficult to predict. We conducted a multi‐substrate DNA‐stable isotope probing experiment across cropland, old‐field, and forest habitats to link carbon mineralization dynamics with the dynamics of bacterial growth and carbon assimilation. We tracked the movement of 13 C derived from five distinct carbon sources as it was assimilated into bacterial DNA over time. We show that carbon mineralization, community composition, and carbon assimilation dynamics all differed with respect to land use. We also show that microbial community dynamics affect carbon assimilation dynamics and are associated with soil DNA content. Soil DNA yield is easy to measure and may be useful in predicting microbial community dynamics linked to soil carbon cycling. Soil dwelling microorganisms are key players in the terrestrial carbon cycle, driving both the degradation and stabilization of soil organic matter. Microbial communities vary with respect to land use, but we still have an incomplete understanding of how variation in community structure links to variation in community function. DNA stable isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) is a high‐resolution method that can identify specific microbial taxa that assimilate carbon in situ. We conducted a large‐scale multi‐substrate DNA‐SIP experiment to explore differences in bacterial activity across land‐use regimes. We show that microbial community dynamics vary with land use, that these dynamics are linked to soil carbon cycling, and that they are associated with easily measured soil properties.

Variation in physiological seed quality of eggplant cultivars in relation to seed extraction time - Rashied Tetteh; Lawrence Misa Aboagye; Samuel Kwasi Boateng; Robert Darko; Jennifer Obirih-Opareh; Abdul Aziz Ibrahim (Vegetos, 2022)

Photo-Fenton oxidation of cylindrospermopsin at neutral pH with LEDs - David Ortiz; Macarena Munoz; Jorge Garcia; Samuel Cirés; Zahara M. de Pedro; Antonio Quesada; Jose A. Casas (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanobacterial toxin found in freshwaters worldwide. In this work, the feasibility of the photo-Fenton process under neutral pH using light emitting diodes as irradiation source for the removal of this hazardous cyanotoxin from freshwater was investigated. The impact of the kind of iron chelating agent (ethylenediamine-N, N′-disuccinic acid vs. ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid) as well as the effect of the main operating conditions viz. H 2 O 2 dose, Fe(III) load, initial CYN concentration, and Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio on the performance of the process was systematically evaluated. EDDS was selected as the most appropriate iron chelating agent considering the kinetics of the process and the environmental impact ( Vibrio fischeri and Artemia salina ). Under optimized conditions ([H 2 O 2 ] = 30 mg L −1 ; [Fe(III)] = 5 mg L −1 ; Fe(III):ligand = 1:0.5 (molar ratio)), complete removal of CYN was achieved in 15-min reaction time. Furthermore, the catalytic system showed to be effective in real water matrices (river and reservoir waters) spiked with CYN. Although the presence of inorganic ions (mainly HCO 3 − /CO 3 2− ) and dissolved organic carbon decreased the oxidation rate of CYN due to scavenging reactions and iron coordination, respectively, complete elimination of the cyanotoxin was achieved in all cases. The fate of EDDS along the process was also evaluated to demonstrate that the catalytic system investigated, apart from its effectiveness, warrants the complete absence of residues after reaction. Therefore, the proposed system constitutes a promising method for cyanotoxin treatment either as a drinking water treatment step in conventional plants or as a potential remediation strategy in the natural environment.

Coal mining and environmental sustainability in South Africa: do institutions matter? - Adewale Samuel Hassan (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Groundwater-yielding capacity, water–rock interaction, and vulnerability assessment of typical gneissic hydrogeologic units using geoelectrohydraulic method - Adedibu Sunny Akingboye; Andy Anderson Bery; John Stephen Kayode; Abimbola Chris Ogunyele; Adedapo Oluwasanu Adeola; Olumide Olubusayo Omojola; Adeola Samuel Adesida (Acta Geophysica, 2022)

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the news: a descriptive analysis - Corey H. Basch; Grace C. Hillyer; Lalitha Samuel; Erela Datuowei; Betty Cohn (Journal of Community Genetics, 2022)

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors from medicinal plants: a molecular docking and dynamic simulation approach - Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi; Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola; Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola; Temitayo I. Subair; Oluwabamise Emmanuel Elegbeleye (In Silico Pharmacology, 2022)

Climate-smart agriculture: Greenhouse gas mitigation in climate-smart villages of Ghana - Samuel Weniga Anuga; Benedicta Yayra Fosu-Mensah; Daniel Nukpezah; Albert Ahenkan; Christopher Gordon; Richmond Silvanus Baye (Environmental Sustainability, 2022)
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach that helps guide actions to transform agri-food systems towards green and climate-resilient practices and it remains prominent in food systems transformation in the light of increasing climate change impacts. Unfortunately, the quantification of the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of CSA approaches is currently limited. Using the Cool Farm Tool (CFT), this paper quantifies the GHG mitigation of CSA based on farm-level experimental data. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted to identify farmers’ choices and willingness to adopt CSA practices. The study compared the GHG emission mitigation of CSA practices for two scenarios (baseline and mitigation). The study found that organic fertilizer input, residue incorporation, no-inorganic fertilizer and no-pesticide input reduced GHG emission intensity of sorghum (to 93.2 ± 25 kg CO 2 e GHG kg − 1 sorghum), rice (79.2 ± 22 kg CO 2 e GHG kg − 1 rice) and groundnut (69.7 ± 20 kg CO 2 e GHG kg − 1 groundnut) compared to the baseline. Lower GHG emission intensity was achieved with higher crop yield under CSA interventions. The study recommends that CSA promoters such as the Consultative Group for International Agriculture Research (CGIAR), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank focus on crop-specific CSA practices for higher GHG mitigation. CSA promoters such as the CGIAR, FAO and the World Bank should embrace participatory processes such as farmer schools to increase CSA uptake.

Aflatoxin in cereals and groundnut from small holder farming households in Malawi - Wanjiku N. Gichohi-Wainaina; Nelson C. Kumwenda; Msere Harry; Limbikani Matumba; Samuel M. C. Njoroge; Patrick Okori (Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-Surveillance, 2022)

Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments from Cage Aquaculture Farms in the Volta Basin of Ghana: Source Identification and Ecological Risk Assessment - Emmanuel Kaboja Magna; Samuel Senyo Koranteng; Augustine Donkor; Christopher Gordon (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2022)

Histological and physical–mechanical characteristics of the skin of Dorper sheep related to residual feed intake and the confinement environment - Jair Correia Matos; Vanúzia Gonçalves Menezes; Glayciane Costa Gois; Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo; Brunna Samuel de Carvalho Barcellos; Mariliz Gutterres Soares; Maria Helena Tavares de Matos; Elenice Andrade Moraes; Daniel Ribeiro Menezes; Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from wild animals in Benin, West Africa - Roland Eric Yessinou; Safiou Adehan; Georges Codjo Hedegbetan; Rudi Cassini; Samuel Elias Mantip; Souaïbou Farougou (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Use of logistic models to evaluate the response of superovulation treatment and embryo production in Santa Inês ewes - Maiana Silva Chaves; Alexandre Floriani Ramos; Nathalia Hack Moreira Brasil; José Carlos Ferreira-Silva; Samuel Rezende Paiva; Eduardo Oliveira Melo; Inácio Barros; Vicente José de Figueirêdo Freitas; Valdir Ribeiro Junior; Cláudio Coutinho Bartolomeu; Marcos Antonio Lemos de Oliveira; Hymerson Costa Azevedo (Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022)

Characterising the molecular diversity of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) at its western marginal range in Europe — phylogeographic insights and implications for conservation in Ireland - Samuel Belton; Erica Fox; Colin T. Kelleher (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2022)

Evaluation of energy extraction of PV systems affected by environmental factors under real outdoor conditions - Muhammed A. Hassan; Nadjem Bailek; Kada Bouchouicha; Abdelhameed Ibrahim; Basharat Jamil; Alban Kuriqi; Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo; El-Sayed M. El-kenawy (Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2022)
The global agenda to increase the renewable energy share has driven many countries and entities to harness solar energy from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the power generation of PV systems is strongly affected by climate conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze and predict the power generation of different PV technologies under arid desert climate conditions on an hourly basis. Two areas have been considered as case studies: Adrar in Algeria and Alice Springs in Australia. A total of nine physical models and input parameter combinations from six different power plants have been used and tested for the suitability of the proposed models for predicting the power yield of PV power plants depending on solar irradiance and other meteorological variables. Then, an ensemble learning technique is applied to improve the performance capabilities of the best-fit input combinations. The results reveal that the global irradiance, ambient air temperature, and relative humidity combination are the most related to the PV power output of all technologies under all-sky conditions and provide effective and efficient performance with the proposed ensemble learning, with an estimated accuracy of over 99%.

Assessment of the quality of dug well water samples in Nigeria and their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes - Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide; Francis Olawale Abulude (Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022)

First Record of Galatheid Squat Lobster, Shinkaia crosnieri Baba & Williams, 1998 (Decapoda: Galatheoidea) From Cold-seep Environment of the Indian Ocean - Maria-Judith Gonsalves; Shivam Tiwari; Vinay P. Padate; Jignesh N. Trivedi; V. Deepak Samuel; C. Viswanathan (Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 2022)

Improving soil property maps for precision agriculture in the presence of outliers using covariates - Maiara Pusch; Alessandro Samuel-Rosa; Agda Loureiro Gonçalves Oliveira; Paulo Sergio Graziano Magalhães; Lucas Rios do Amaral (Precision Agriculture, 2022)

Increased rates of gene-editing events using a simplified RNAi configuration designed to reduce gene silencing - Manoj Kumar; Pankaj Kumar Tripathi; Dana Ayzenshtat; Adar Marko; Zohar Forotan; Samuel E. Bocobza (Plant Cell Reports, 2022)

A case history in natural product-based drug discovery: discovery of vorapaxar (Zontivity™) - Samuel Chackalamannil (Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2022)

An inter-order comparison of copepod fatty acid composition and biosynthesis in response to a long-chain PUFA deficient diet along a temperature gradient - Robyn Sahota; Jens Boyen; Ilias Semmouri; Samuel Bodé; Marleen De Troch (Marine Biology, 2022)

Correction to: Examination of the M20D Auxin Conjugate Peptidase Family from Hornwort and Implications on the Evolution of the Tracheophytes - Edgar A. Medina; Samuel Desind; Abdulkader Hallak; Abdullah Alhaddad; John V. Smalley; James J. Campanella (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2022)

Examination of the M20D Auxin Conjugate Peptidase Family from Hornwort and Implications on the Evolution of the Tracheophytes - Edgar A. Medina; Samuel Desind; Abdulkader Hallak; Abdullah Alhaddad; John V. Smalley; James J. Campanella (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2022)

The Impact of COVID-19 on US Radiation Oncology Residents - Samuel Kosydar; Michael W. Woodfin; Lia M. Halasz; Smith Apisarnthanarax; Ramesh Rengan; Simon S. Lo (Journal of Cancer Education, 2022)

Evidence for preserved insulin responsiveness in the aging rat brain - Matthew G. Engel; Jeremy Smith; Kai Mao; Gabriela Farias Quipildor; Min-Hui Cui; Maria Gulinello; Craig A. Branch; Samuel E. Gandy; Derek M. Huffman (GeroScience, 2022)
Insulin appears to exert salutary effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, brain insulin resistance has been proposed to play a role in brain aging and dementia but is conceptually complex and unlikely to fit classic definitions established in peripheral tissues. Thus, we sought to characterize brain insulin responsiveness in young (4–5 months) and old (24 months) FBN male rats using a diverse set of assays to determine the extent to which insulin effects in the CNS are impaired with age. When performing hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in rats, intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of insulin in old animals improved peripheral insulin sensitivity by nearly two-fold over old controls and comparable to young rats, suggesting preservation of this insulin-triggered response in aging per se ( p < 0.05). We next used an imaging-based approach by comparing ICV vehicle versus insulin and performed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to evaluate age- and insulin-related changes in network connectivity within the default mode network. In aging, lower connectivity between the mesial temporal (MT) region and other areas, as well as reduced MT signal complexity, was observed in old rats, which correlated with greater cognitive deficits in old. Despite these stark differences, ICV insulin failed to elicit any significant alteration to the BOLD signal in young rats, while a significant deviation of the BOLD signal was observed in older animals, characterized by augmentation in regions of the septal nucleus and hypothalamus, and reduction in thalamus and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, ex vivo stimulation of hippocampus with 10 nM insulin revealed increased Akt activation in young ( p < 0.05), but not old rats. Despite similar circulating levels of insulin and IGF-1, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of these ligands were reduced with age. Thus, these data highlight the complexity of capturing brain insulin action and demonstrate preserved or heightened brain responses to insulin with age, despite dampened canonical signaling, thereby suggesting impaired CNS input of these ligands may be a feature of reduced brain insulin action, providing further rationale for CNS replacement strategies.

Phylogeography and conservation gaps of Musa balbisiana Colla genetic diversity revealed by microsatellite markers - Arne Mertens; Yves Bawin; Samuel Vanden Abeele; Simon Kallow; Rony Swennen; Dang Toan Vu; Tuong Dang Vu; Ho Thi Minh; Bart Panis; Filip Vandelook; Steven B. Janssens (Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2022)
Collection and storage of crop wild relative (CWR) germplasm is crucial for preserving species genetic diversity and crop improvement. Nevertheless, much of the genetic variation of CWRs is absent in ex situ collections and detailed passport data are often lacking. Here, we focussed on Musa balbisiana, one of the two main progenitor species of many banana cultivars. We investigated the genetic structure of M. balbisiana across its distribution range using microsatellite markers. Accessions stored at the International Musa Germplasm Transit Centre (ITC) ex situ collection were compared with plant material collected from multiple countries and home gardens from Vietnam. Genetic structure analyses revealed that accessions could be divided into three main clusters. Vietnamese and Chinese populations were assigned to a first and second cluster respectively. A third cluster consisted of ITC and home garden accessions. Samples from Papua New Guinea were allocated to the cluster with Chinese populations but were assigned to a separate fourth cluster if the number of allowed clusters was set higher. Only one ITC accession grouped with native M. balbisiana populations and one group of ITC accessions was nearly genetically identical to home garden samples. This questioned their wild status, including accessions used as reference for wild M. balbisiana . Moreover, most ITC accessions and home garden samples were genetically distinct from wild populations. Our results highlight that additional germplasm should be collected from the native distribution range, especially from Northeast India, Myanmar, China, and the Philippines and stored for ex situ conservation at the ITC. The lack of passport data for many M. balbisiana accessions also complicates the interpretation of genetic information in relation to cultivation and historical dispersal routes.

Perspectives on strengthening local food systems in Small Island Developing States - Cornelia Guell; Catherine R. Brown; Otto W. Navunicagi; Viliamu Iese; Neela Badrie; Morgan Wairiu; Arlette Saint Ville; Nigel Unwin; Sashi Kiran; T. Alafia Samuels; Ian Hambleton; Colin Tukuitonga; et al. (Food Security, 2022)
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) share high burdens of nutrition-related conditions, including non-communicable diseases, associated with an increasing reliance on imported, processed foods. Improving health through increasing the production and consumption of local, nutritious foods is a policy objective of many SIDS governments. This study aimed to understand contemporary challenges and opportunities to strengthening local food systems in two case study settings, Fiji and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Fifty-two in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders involved in local food production. Interviews were analysed by both country teams using thematic analysis. Local food production networks in both settings included formal governance bodies as well as more informal connections through civil society and communities. Their main function was the sharing of resources and knowledge, but levels of trust and cooperation between the stakeholders varied in a market open to intense competition from imports. Local food production was hindered by few and slow investments by local governments, dated technology, and lack of knowledge. Stakeholders believed this marginalisation was occurring against a background of rising preferences for imported foods in the population, and increasing disinterest in employment in the sector. Despite the challenges, strong narratives of resilience and opportunity were highlighted such as national pride in local produce for commercialisation and local diets. Efforts to support local food production in SIDS should focus on strengthening governance structures to prioritise local produce over corporate and import markets, assist collaboration and co-learning, and support alternative agro-food practices.

Performance and evolutionary adaptation of heterogeneous wheat populations - Jörg Peter Baresel; Lorenz Bülow; Maria Renate Finckh; Lothar Frese; Samuel Knapp; Urs Schmidhalter; Odette Weedon (Euphytica, 2022)
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of heterogeneous composite cross populations (CCPs) to increase sustainability and resilience of wheat cropping systems, a so far largely neglected approach. For this purpose, 10 CCPs originating from one CCP created in 2001 and having evolved under different environmental conditions since the F 5 , were compared in the F 15 and F 16 with 10 recently released cultivars and 10 inbred lines extracted randomly from the populations. Field trials were performed over 2 years at 2 organic and 2 conventional locations. Under organic conditions, yields of the CCPs were similar to those of recent commercial cultivars with comparable protein content, and considerably higher than that of the inbred lines. Under conventional conditions, conventionally-bred cultivars outyielded the other experimental entries. The organically-bred cultivars had the highest protein contents in both farming systems followed by the CCPs and the conventionally-bred cultivars. The yield stability and foliar disease resistances of CCPs was on average higher than that of the commercial cultivars and considerably higher than that of the inbred lines, indicating that the higher stability of the CCPs was due to their high genetic diversity, not to their genetic background. CCPs that had evolved in different environments differed in some morphological and phenological traits, indicating that adaptation to environmental conditions had taken place through natural selection. Greater tillering capacity and increased soil cover of CCPs in the juvenile stage compared to the inbred lines indicates niche complementarity in the CCPs, that may contribute to improved resource use and to an overall ecological intensification. We conclude, that the cultivation of CCPs or similar heterogeneous populations represents an important opportunity to increase the resilience of wheat cultivation, which should be given greater consideration in future research and breeding.

The relationship between staple food crops consumption and its impact on total factor productivity: does green economy matter? - Nusrat Yaqoob; Vipin Jain; Zeeshan Atiq; Paritosh Sharma; Carlos Samuel Ramos-Meza; Malik Shahzad Shabbir; Mosab I. Tabash (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Cytotoxicity, redox and immune status in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues - Oluwakemi D. Samuel; Joseph A. Adeyemi; Olufemi S. Bamidele; Fernando Barbosa; Chris O. Adedire (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsion of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and its constituent thymol on toxicity and biochemical aspect of Aedes aegypti - Kesavan Subaharan; Periyasamy Senthamarai Selvan; Thagare Manjunatha Subramanya; Rajendran Senthoorraja; Sowmya Manjunath; Tania Das; Vppalayam Shanmugam Pragadheesh; Nandagopal Bakthavatsalam; Muthu Gounder Mohan; Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan; Sreehari Uragayala; Paulraj Philip Samuel; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Assessing heavy metal contamination and ecological risk of urban topsoils in Tarkwa, Ghana - Linda Bentuma Osei; Shadrack Fosu; Samuel Agyarko Ndur; Samuel Yeboah Nyarko (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022)

Multi-geochemical background comparison and the identification of the best normalizer for the estimation of PTE contamination in agricultural soil - Prince Chapman Agyeman; Kingsley John; Ndiye Michael Kebonye; Samuel Kudjo Ahado; Luboš Borůvka; Karel Němeček; Radim Vašát (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2022)

Green building performance assessment in China using a cloud model - Xiao-Juan Li; Chen Wang; Wei-bin Chen; Shilpi Bora; Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap; Bimenyimana Samuel (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022)

Oral Subacute Exposure to Cadmium LOAEL Dose Induces Insulin Resistance and Impairment of the Hormonal and Metabolic Liver-Adipose Axis in Wistar Rats - Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega; Diana Moroni-González; Alfonso Díaz; Brambila Eduardo; Treviño Samuel (Biological Trace Element Research, 2022)

First steps to success: identification of divergence among the northern and the southern lineages of African Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina picta) (Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae) - Desiré L. Dalton; Lisa J. Nupen; Monica Mwale; Chantelle Pretorius; Anna S. Kropff; Bernice A. Monchusi; Kim Labuschagne; Samuel T. Osinubi (Journal of Ornithology, 2022)

Bioreaktoren für vaskularisiertes Knochen-Tissue-Engineering - Kai O. Böker; Samuel Siegk; Luis A. Pardo; Miguel Bravo; Janne Hahne; Wolfgang Lehmann; Arndt F. Schilling (BIOspektrum, 2022)
Tissue engineering (TE) has the potential to revolutionize human healthcare through creation of artificial tissue for medical applications. The vascular supply plays an important role in this process. To realize such vascularized tissues in the future, we developed a vascularized bioreactor system. The goal in the near future is to standardize the systems to enable to mimic existing in vivo systems. The long-term goal is the production of vascularized bone tissue for treatment of large bone defects in injured patients.

Introduced galliforms as seed predators and dispersers in Hawaiian forests - Samuel B. Case; Katherine Postelli; Donald R. Drake; Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni; Jeffrey T. Foster; Jinelle H. Sperry; J. Patrick Kelley; Corey E. Tarwater (Biological Invasions, 2022)

Ants as pollination vectors of ant-adapted Euphorbia hirta L. plants - Joy Nivedita Samuel; Neelkamal Rastogi (Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2022)

Complete sequence and genome characterization of a new potexvirus isolated from Chaenostoma cordatum - Shadin Doski; Stephen Bolus; Samuel Grinstead; Samantha Juszczak; Deborah Groth-Helms; Dimitre Mollov (Archives of Virology, 2022)

Depositional sequences and petrophysical evaluation to predict potential prospects of clastic reservoirs of “Olu” field, onshore Niger Delta - Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru; Chinonso Fortune Oluoma; Diugo Okereke Ikoro; Okoro Eze Martins; Alexander Olusegun Selemo; Emeka Austin Okoli (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Biofloc meal incorporated diet improves the growth and physiological responses of Penaeus vannamei - M. Nethaji; B. Ahilan; A. Kathirvelpandiyan; N. Felix; A. Uma; T. L. S. Samuel Mosses; R. Somu Sunder Lingam (Aquaculture International, 2022)

Geochemical evaluation of mineralization potential of the Somie-Ntem area within the Tikar plain, Cameroon: implication on petrogenesis - Mero Yannah; Yaya Fodoué; Maurice Kwékam; Benoit Joseph Mbassa; Juliana Amboh Tifang; Armand Dongmo Kagou; Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe (Acta Geochimica, 2022)

Acclimatory gene expression of primed clams enhances robustness to elevated p CO 2 - Samuel J. Gurr; Shelly A. Trigg; Brent Vadopalas; Steven B. Roberts; Hollie M. Putnam (Molecular Ecology, 2022)
Sublethal exposure to environmental challenges may enhance ability to cope with chronic or repeated change, a process known as priming. In a previous study, pre‐exposure to seawater enriched with p CO 2 improved growth and reduced antioxidant capacity of juvenile Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa clams, suggesting that transcriptional shifts may drive phenotypic modifications post‐priming. To this end, juvenile clams were sampled and TagSeq gene expression data were analysed after (i) a 110‐day acclimation under ambient (921 μatm, naïve) and moderately elevated p CO 2 (2870 μatm, pre‐exposed); then following (ii) a second 7‐day exposure to three p CO 2 treatments (ambient: 754 μatm; moderately elevated: 2750 μatm; severely elevated: 4940 μatm), a 7‐day return to ambient p CO 2 and a third 7‐day exposure to two p CO 2 treatments (ambient: 967 μatm; moderately elevated: 3030 μatm). Pre‐exposed geoducks frontloaded genes for stress and apoptosis/innate immune response, homeostatic processes, protein degradation and transcriptional modifiers. Pre‐exposed geoducks were also responsive to subsequent encounters, with gene sets enriched for mitochondrial recycling and immune defence under elevated p CO 2 and energy metabolism and biosynthesis under ambient recovery. In contrast, gene sets with higher expression in naïve clams were enriched for fatty‐acid degradation and glutathione components, suggesting naïve clams could be depleting endogenous fuels, with unsustainable energetic requirements if changes in carbonate chemistry persist. Collectively, our transcriptomic data indicate that p CO 2 priming during post‐larval periods could, via gene expression regulation, enhance robustness in bivalves to environmental change. Such priming approaches may be beneficial for aquaculture, as seafood demand intensifies concurrent with increasing climate change in marine systems.

Intermediate ocean circulation and cryosphere dynamics in the northeast Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials: benthic foraminiferal assemblage response - Pauline Depuydt; Meryem Mojtahid; Christine Barras; Fatima Zohra Bouhdayad; Samuel Toucanne (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2022)
The interaction between ocean circulation and ice‐sheet dynamics plays a key role in the Quaternary climate. Compared with the surface and deep regions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the study of intermediate depths during key time periods, such as Heinrich Stadials (HSs), remains poorly documented, especially for the northeast Atlantic. Here we use benthic foraminiferal assemblage data to trace palaeoenvironmental changes from ~32 to 14 ka cal bp at ~1000 m depth in the Bay of Biscay. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of foraminifera, with species‐specific responses, to continental (European Ice Sheet dynamics) and marine (AMOC) forcing factors during the last three HSs. In general, HSs were characterised by the concomitant presence of meso‐oligotrophic and anoxia indicator species and the low abundance of high‐energy indicator species. This confirms an overall sluggish intermediate circulation during the three HSs in the northeast Atlantic. HS1 is distinctive for its abundance of high‐organic flux indicator species during its early phase. This is consistent with the fact that HS1 was by far the most important period of ice‐sheet retreat and meltwater release into the ocean over the studied time interval. Finally, foraminifera depict the mid‐HS2 reventilation event due to regional glacier instabilities.

Vertical space use and thermal range of the great hammerhead ( Sphyrna mokarran ), (Rüppell, 1837) in the western North Atlantic - Tristan L. Guttridge; Lukas Müller; Bryan A. Keller; Mark E. Bond; R Dean. Grubbs; William Winram; Lucy A. Howey; Bryan S. Frazier; Samuel H. Gruber (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
The great hammerhead ( Sphyrna mokarran ) is a highly mobile, large‐bodied shark primarily found in coastal‐pelagic and semi‐oceanic waters across a circumtropical range. It is a target or by‐catch species in multiple fisheries, and as a result, rapid population declines have occurred in many regions. These declines have contributed to the species being assessed as globally critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Although conservation and management measures have yielded promising results in some regions, such as the United States, high levels of at‐vessel and post‐release mortality remain a major concern to the species population recovery. This examined the vertical space use and thermal range of pop‐off archival satellite–tagged S. mokarran in the western North Atlantic Ocean, expanding the understanding of the ecological niche of this species and providing insight into by‐catch mitigation strategies for fisheries managers. The results showed that S. mokarran predominantly used shallow depths (75% of records S. mokarran may be vulnerable to incidental capture in the western North Atlantic commercial longline fisheries due to substantial vertical overlap between the species and the gear. The results can be incorporated into conservation and management efforts to develop and/or refine mitigation measures focused on reducing the by‐catch and associated mortality of this species, which can ultimately aide S. mokarran population recovery in areas with poor conservation status.

A possible role for river restoration enhancing biodiversity through interaction with wildfire - Brittany E. Pugh; Megan Colley; Stephen J. Dugdale; Patrick Edwards; Rebecca Flitcroft; Andrés Holz; Matthew Johnson; Michela Mariani; Mickey Means‐Brous; Kate Meyer; Kevan B. Moffett; Lisa Renan; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2022)
Background Historically, wildfire regimes produced important landscape‐scale disturbances in many regions globally. The “pyrodiversity begets biodiversity” hypothesis suggests that wildfires that generate temporally and spatially heterogeneous mosaics of wildfire severity and post‐burn recovery enhance biodiversity at landscape scales. However, river management has often led to channel incision that disconnects rivers from their floodplains, desiccating floodplain habitats and depleting groundwater. In conjunction with predicted increases in frequency, intensity and extent of wildfires under climate change, this increases the likelihood of deep, uniform burns that reduce biodiversity. Predicted synergy of river restoration and biodiversity increase Recent focus on floodplain re‐wetting and restoration of successional floodplain habitat mosaics, developed for river management and flood prevention, could reduce wildfire intensity in restored floodplains and make the burns less uniform, increasing climate‐change resilience; an important synergy. According to theory, this would also enhance biodiversity. However, this possibility is yet to be tested empirically. We suggest potential research avenues. Illustration and future directions We illustrate the interaction between wildfire and river restoration using a restoration project in Oregon, USA. A project to reconnect the South Fork McKenzie River and its floodplain suffered a major burn (“Holiday Farm” wildfire, 2020), offering a rare opportunity to study the interaction between this type of river restoration and wildfire; specifically, the predicted increases in pyrodiversity and biodiversity. Given the importance of river and wetland ecosystems for biodiversity globally, a research priority should be to increase our understanding of potential mechanisms for a “triple win” of flood reduction, wildfire alleviation and biodiversity promotion.

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID ‐19 pandemic - Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Jose Diaz; Kimberly Todd; Claire Bresnan; Matt Snider; Thomas E. Lee; Jonathan G. Jasper; Brianna Douglas; Anthony P. Crupi; Katherine C. B. Weiss; Helen Rowe; et al. (Ecology, 2022)
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap‐nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site‐level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Elevated [CO2] mitigates the impacts of heat stress in eucalyptus seedlings - Samuel S. Pinto; Auxiliadora O. Martins; Luiz F. P. Fontes; Franciele S. Oliveira; Iale C. Almeida; Iagor B. Detoni; Leonardo A. Oliveira; Willian B. Silva; David B. Medeiros; Edgar A. T. Picoli; Aristides Ribeiro; Alisdair R. Fernie; et al. (Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2022)

Integrating Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical imagery with a crop structure dynamics model to track crop condition - Xianfeng Jiao; Heather McNairn; Bahareh Yekkehkhany; Laura Dingle Robertson; Samuel Ihuoma (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2022)

Paired and Unpaired Deep Learning Methods for Physically Accurate Super-Resolution Carbonate Rock Images - Yufu Niu; Samuel J. Jackson; Naif Alqahtani; Peyman Mostaghimi; Ryan T. Armstrong (Transport in Porous Media, 2022)
X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has been widely leveraged to characterise the pore-scale geometry of subsurface porous rocks. Recent developments in super-resolution (SR) methods using deep learning allow for the digital enhancement of low-resolution (LR) images over large spatial scales, creating SR images comparable to high-resolution (HR) ground truth images. This circumvents the common trade-off between resolution and field-of-view. An outstanding issue is the use of paired LR and HR data, which is often required in the training step of such methods but is difficult to obtain. In this work, we rigorously compare two state-of-the-art SR deep learning techniques, using both paired and unpaired data, with like-for-like ground truth data. The first approach requires paired images to train a convolutional neural network (CNN), while the second approach uses unpaired images to train a generative adversarial network (GAN). The two approaches are compared using a micro-CT carbonate rock sample with complicated micro-porous textures. We implemented various image-based and numerical verifications and experimental validation to quantitatively evaluate the physical accuracy and sensitivities of the two methods. Our quantitative results show that the unpaired GAN approach can reconstruct super-resolution images as precise as the paired CNN method, with comparable training times and dataset requirements. This unlocks new applications for micro-CT image enhancement using unpaired deep learning methods; image registration is no longer needed during the data processing stage. Decoupled images from data storage platforms can be exploited to train networks for SR digital rock applications. This opens up a new pathway for various applications related to multi-scale flow simulations in heterogeneous porous media.

Genomic regions associated with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) under field conditions in soybean germplasm accessions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam - David R. Walker; Samuel C. McDonald; Donna K. Harris; H. Roger Boerma; James W. Buck; Edward J. Sikora; David B. Weaver; David L. Wright; James J. Marois; Zenglu Li (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2022)
Key message Eight soybean genomic regions, including six never before reported, were found to be associated with resistance to soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi ) in the southeastern USA. Abstract Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Although seven Rpp resistance gene loci have been reported, extensive pathotype variation in and among fungal populations increases the importance of identifying additional genes and loci associated with rust resistance. One hundred and ninety-one soybean plant introductions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam, and 65 plant introductions from other countries were screened for resistance to P. pachyrhizi under field conditions in the southeastern USA between 2008 and 2015. The results indicated that 84, 69, and 49% of the accessions from southern Japan, Vietnam or central Indonesia, respectively, had negative BLUP values, indicating less disease than the panel mean. A genome-wide association analysis using SoySNP50K Infinium BeadChip data identified eight genomic regions on seven chromosomes associated with SBR resistance, including previously unreported regions of Chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 15, in addition to the locations of the Rpp3 and Rpp6 loci. The six unreported genomic regions might contain novel Rpp loci. The identification of additional sources of rust resistance and associated genomic regions will further efforts to develop soybean cultivars with broad and durable resistance to soybean rust in the southern USA.

Elevated carbon assimilation and metabolic reprogramming in tomato high pigment mutants support the increased production of pigments - Auderlan M. Pereira; Auxiliadora O. Martins; Willian Batista-Silva; Jorge A. Condori-Apfata; Vitor L. Nascimento; Victor F. Silva; Leonardo A. Oliveira; David B. Medeiros; Samuel C. V. Martins; Alisdair R. Fernie; Adriano Nunes-Nesi; Wagner L. Araújo (Plant Cell Reports, 2022)

Estimation of critical fluxes, thermal stabilities and failure criteria of cellulose-based membranes and modelling of salt diffusivity during pervaporative desalination - Samuel Eshorame Sanni; Haruna Mshelia; Emeka Emmanuel Okoro; Peter Adeniyi Alaba; Babalola Aisosa Oni; Ayodeji Ayoola (Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 2022)

A hybrid groundwater level prediction model using signal decomposition and optimised extreme learning machine - Jamel Seidu; Anthony Ewusi; Jerry Samuel Yaw Kuma; Yao Yevenyo Ziggah; Hans-Jurgen Voigt (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Calibration of petrophysical evaluation results of clastic reservoirs using core data, in the offshore depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria - Samuel Okechukwu Onyekuru; Julian Chukwuma Iwuagwu; Adaeze Ulasi; Ikechukwu Sabinus Ibeneme; Cyril Ukaonu; Emeka Austin Okoli; Obinna Akakuru (Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2022)

Engytatus varians as agent for dispersal of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus - Ana Mabel Martínez; Samara Zamudio-López; Alejandro Oxalis Guzmán-Pedraza; Sinue Isabel Morales-Alonso; Javier Valle; Selene Ramos-Ortiz; Norma Zamora-Avilés; José Isaac Figueroa; Samuel Pineda (Journal of Pest Science, 2022)

Controlled synthesis of silver-based ternary quantum dots with outstanding luminescence - Gracia It Mwad Mbaz; Sundararajan Parani; Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi (Journal of Fluorescence, 2022)

Environmental and safety issues associated with geological carbon storage: a review - Victor I. Fagorite; Chinonye F. Chijioke; Alexander I. Opara; Samuel O. Onyekuru; Emeka E. Oguzie (Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 2022)

Photocatalytic degradation of lomefloxacin antibiotics using hydrothermally synthesized magnesium titanate under visible light-driven energy sources - Yadav Sneha; Shivamurthy Ravindra Yashas; Tenzin Thinley; Samuel Prabagar Jijoe; Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

Applications of chitosan to the roots and shoots change the accumulation pattern of cadmium in Talinum patens (Talinaceae) cuttings - Samuel Vitor Assis Machado de Lima; Daniele Maria Marques; Matheus Felipe Soares Silva; Leticia Aparecida Bressanin; Paulo César Magalhães; Thiago Corrêa de Souza (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)

First detection of microplastics in Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus 1758) digestive tract from Eivissa Island (Western Mediterranean) - Amanda Cohen-Sánchez; Antònia Solomando; Samuel Pinya; Silvia Tejada; José María Valencia; Antonio Box; Antoni Sureda (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022)
Plastic waste and its ubiquity in the oceans represent a growing problem for marine life worldwide. Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the sea and easily enter food webs. Xyrichtys novacula L. is one of the main target species of recreational fishing in the Balearic Islands, Spain. In the present study, the quantity of MPs in gastrointestinal tracts of X. novacula from two different areas (a marine protected area (MPA) and a non-protected area) of Eivissa Island (in the Balearic archipelago) has been assessed, as well as MPs evaluation within the sediment of both areas. The results showed that over 80% of sampled individuals had MPs in their gut with an average of 3.9 ± 4.3 plastic items/individual. Eighty percent of these plastics were fibres, while the rest were fragments. Although the sediment of the non-protected area had a significant higher presence of MPs, no significant differences in the number of MPs were observed in X. novacula from both areas. The µ-FT-IR analysis showed that the main polymers in the sediments were polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP), whereas in the digestive tract of fish PC, PP, polyethylene, polystyrene and polyester. In conclusion, practically all X. novacula specimens presented MPs in their digestive tract regardless if the capture zone was in a MPAs or not. These results highlight the ubiquity of MPs in coastal marine areas, and further studies might be necessary to evaluate further implications of MP presence in this species.

Levels of Persistent Organochlorine Compounds in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Three Cage Aquaculture Farms on the Volta Basin of Ghana: Implications for Human Health - Emmanuel Kaboja Magna; Samuel Senyo Koranteng; Augustine Donkor; Christopher Gordon (Environmental Processes, 2022)

Correction to: The climate advocacy gap - Samuel Trachtman; Jonas Meckling (Climatic Change, 2022)

Exposure of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to Lead and Zinc Modulates Membrane-Bound Transport Protein: A Plausible Effect on Na+/K+-ATPase Activity - Augustine Apiamu; Sophia U. Osawaru; Samuel O. Asagba; Uduenevwo F. Evuen; Fidelis I. Achuba (Biological Trace Element Research, 2022)

One bat’s waste is another man’s treasure: a DNA metabarcoding approach for the assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Ireland using bat faeces - Thomas G. Curran; Samuel S. Browett; David O’Neill; Aidan O’Hanlon; Catherine O’Reilly; Andrew P. Harrington; Allan D. McDevitt; Denise B. O’Meara (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)

Variable effects of forest diversity on invasions by non-native insects and pathogens - Samuel F. Ward; Andrew M. Liebhold; Songlin Fei (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2022)

Female-limited X chromosome evolution reveals that lifespan is mainly modulated by interlocus rather than intralocus sexual conflict - Katrine K. Lund-Hansen; Megan A. M. Kutzer; Sophie A. O. Armitage; Samuel Gornard; Hamilcar Keilani; Jessica K. Abbott (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2022)
Sexual dimorphism in somatic investment may be shaped by two distinct forms of sexual conflict; under intralocus sexual conflict (IASC), males and females have different optimal levels of somatic investment but are constrained from reaching their respective optima by their shared genome, while under interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC), males and females have different optimal sexual strategies, which could have direct or indirect effects on levels of somatic investment. We investigated effects of IASC and IRSC on two aspects of somatic investment, immune defence strategies and longevity, using previously established female-limited experimental evolution lines in Drosophila melanogaster . We found little evidence for any effect of either type of sexual conflict on investment in the immune defence resistance or tolerance. Nor did we find convincing evidence that longevity is subject to IASC in this species. However, we did find evidence that increased female control over mating rate had important and opposite effects on longevity between the sexes. Specifically, females that had adapted to high levels of female control over mating had a longer lifespan when kept in mixed-sex groups, while males had shorter longevity, perhaps due to increased investment in post-copulatory sexual selection. These novel results show that female control over mating rates may have important and unexpected effects on patterns of somatic investment. Significance statement Sexual conflict occurs between the two sexes over numerous life history traits, and it is complex to disentangle how these traits interact and affect each other. Here we use a long-term evolution experiment to investigate sexual dimorphism in somatic maintenance. We found no effect of feminising the X chromosome on female immune defence. However, we did find that increased female control over mating rate resulted in longer female lifespan, but reduced male lifespan, and that these effects were dependent on social context (isolated or in mixed-sex groups). Unlike previous studies on the effect of sexual conflict on longevity, our experiment did not manipulate environmental conditions nor the adult sex ratio, which is likely to reduce both pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection.

Genomic characterization of a new torradovirus from common fleabane (Erigeron annuus) - Robert Alvarez-Quinto; Samuel Grinstead; Stephen Bolus; Margery Daughtrey; John Hammond; William Wintermantel; Dimitre Mollov (Archives of Virology, 2022)

A new approach to the classification of carcinogenicity - John E. Doe; Alan R. Boobis; Samuel M. Cohen; Vicki L. Dellarco; Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp; Angelo Moretto; Timothy P. Pastoor; Rita S. Schoeny; Jennifer G. Seed; Douglas C. Wolf (Archives of Toxicology, 2022)
Concern over substances that may cause cancer has led to various classification schemes to recognize carcinogenic threats and provide a basis to manage those threats. The least useful schemes have a binary choice that declares a substance carcinogenic or not. This overly simplistic approach ignores the complexity of cancer causation by considering neither how the substance causes cancer, nor the potency of that mode of action. Consequently, substances are classified simply as “carcinogenic”, compromising the opportunity to properly manage these kinds of substances. It will likely be very difficult, if not impossible, to incorporate New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) into binary schemes. In this paper we propose a new approach cancer classification scheme that segregates substances by both mode of action and potency into three categories and, as a consequence, provides useful guidance in the regulation and management of substances with carcinogenic potential. Examples are given, including aflatoxin (category A), trichlorethylene (category B), and titanium dioxide (category C), which demonstrate the clear differentiation among these substances that generate appropriate levels of concern and management options.

Vulnerability studies of aquifer potential within Auchi Polytechnic Campuses - Emmanuel Paul Irumhe; Samuel Osarenre Osaghae; Izuchukwu Ignatius Obiadi; Chioma Maureen Obiadi; Charles Chinedu Mgbolu (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022)

Correction to: The interrelationship between LST, NDVI, NDBI, and land cover change in a section of Lagos metropolis, Nigeria - Alfred S. Alademomi; Chukwuma J. Okolie; Olagoke E. Daramola; Samuel A. Akinnusi; Elias Adediran; Hamed O. Olanrewaju; Abiodun O. Alabi; Tosin J. Salami; Joseph Odumosu (Applied Geomatics, 2022)

Reconsidering priorities for forest conservation when considering the threats of mining and armed conflict - Brooke A. Williams; Hedley S. Grantham; James E. M. Watson; Aurélie C. Shapiro; Andrew J. Plumptre; Samuel Ayebare; Elizabeth Goldman; Ayesha I. T. Tulloch (Ambio, 2022)
Many threats to biodiversity can be predicted and are well mapped but others are uncertain in their extent, impact on biodiversity, and ability for conservation efforts to address, making them more difficult to account for in spatial conservation planning efforts, and as a result, they are often ignored. Here, we use a spatial prioritisation analysis to evaluate the consequences of considering only relatively well-mapped threats to biodiversity and compare this with planning scenarios that also account for more uncertain threats (in this case mining and armed conflict) under different management strategies. We evaluate three management strategies to address these more uncertain threats: 1. to ignore them; 2. avoid them; or 3. specifically target actions towards them, first individually and then simultaneously to assess the impact of their inclusion in spatial prioritisations. We apply our approach to the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and identify priority areas for conserving biodiversity and carbon sequestration services. We found that a strategy that avoids addressing threats of mining and armed conflict more often misses important opportunities for biodiversity conservation, compared to a strategy that targets action towards areas under threat (assuming a biodiversity benefit is possible). We found that considering mining and armed conflict threats to biodiversity independently rather than simultaneously results in 13 800–14 800 km 2 and 15 700–25 100 km 2 of potential missed conservation opportunities when undertaking threat-avoiding and threat-targeting management strategies, respectively. Our analysis emphasises the importance of considering all threats that can be mapped in spatial conservation prioritisation.

Ecosystem function responses to nutrient enrichment mediated by mud content in soft sediment habitats - Samuel Thomas; Conrad A. Pilditch; Simon F. Thrush; Candida Savage (New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2022)
Estuaries are threatened with increasing sedimentation and nutrients, however research is limited on the interaction of these stressors on ecosystem functions. A field experiment adding nitrogen (N) fertiliser at high (600 g N m −2 ) and medium (150 g N m −2 ) concentrations and control plots was established in two sandy and two muddy sites (mud content 0–15%) to investigate context dependency of nitrogen enrichment on nutrient cycling and primary production. There was a significant interaction of mud x treatment on ammonium (NH 4 + ) fluxes. High N‐addition plots had 133x greater dark NH 4 + efflux than controls in muddy sediments, compared to 17x greater dark NH 4 + efflux in sandy sediments. Net primary production increased with mud content, while photosynthetic efficiency of the microphytobenthos (GPP chl ‐a ) decreased above 4% mud. Mud content also affected the bivalve, Austrovenus stutchburyi (>30 mm), macrofaunal abundance and functional groups, and their influence on nutrient cycling. Thus minor increases in mud can alter the ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment directly through changes in sediment properties and indirectly by affecting the bivalves and macrofauna that influence these processes. This study highlights how multiple stressors interact to predispose estuaries to tipping points.

After the spawn and on the hook: Sea trout Salmo trutta biophysical responses to different components of catch and release in a coastal fishery - Samuel A. Blyth; Shannon D. Bower (Journal of Fish Biology, 2022)
This study investigated the biophysical responses of sea run brown trout Salmo trutta to catch‐and‐release in the coastal fishery around Gotland, Sweden. It used information recorded on individual angled S. trutta ( n = 162), including fight time, handling time, total air exposure time, injury, bleeding, fish length, body condition, spawning status, water temperature, hook location and difficulty of hook removal. Reflex action mortality predictors (equilibrium, operculum beats, tail grab response, body flex response and vestibular‐ocular response), tests of blood glucose and lactate, and observation of hooking injury were used to measure the relative impact of the angling event on the fish's physical state and stress experienced. The results of this study suggest low rates of post‐release mortality and generally limited stress responses to angling events, and relatively high post‐release survival supported by the recapture of many tagged S. trutta . However, a number of scenarios were identified in which stress responses are likely to be compounded and where anglers should take additional action to reduce sublethal physiological disturbances and the risk of delayed mortality. Particular care should be taken to limit cumulative total air exposure to 10°C, or where S. trutta show evidence of being physically compromised by injury or having recently spawned. The results also indicate the importance of using appropriately sized single hooks rather than larger treble hooks to reduce hooking injury and handling time during unhooking.

Changes in extreme precipitation events in the Zambezi River basins based on CORDEX‐CORE models, Part II: Future projections under 1. 5 , 2. 0 , and 3. 0°C global warming levels - Sydney Samuel; Modise Wiston; Kgakgamatso Mphale; Dieudonne Nsadisa Faka (International Journal of Climatology, 2022)
This study examines the potential implications of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0°C global warming levels (GWLs) on the austral summer (November–March) extreme precipitation indices over the Zambezi River basin (ZRB) relative to the control period (1971–2000). We computed extreme precipitation based on daily data from observations and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)‐Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) multi‐model ensemble mean (ENSMean). First, we evaluated the performance of the CORDEX‐CORE ENSMean in simulating extreme precipitation based on six indices; the number of rainy days (RR1), simple daily intensity index (SDII), maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), maximum consecutive dry days (CDD), heavy precipitation days (R10), and very heavy precipitation days (R20). The results indicate that the CORDEX‐CORE ENSMean can simulate the spatial distributions of extreme precipitation over the ZRB. However, CORDEX‐CORE largely overestimates the magnitudes of RR1 and CWD. The projected changes show a decrease in RR1, CWD, and R10 under all GWLs, with a robust and pronounced decrease under 3.0°C GWL. In contrast, CDD and SDII are projected to increase under all GWLs, with a robust and pronounced increase in CDD under 3.0°C GWL. The regionally averaged changes show that the median values of CWD, RR1, and R10 (SDII and CDD) are projected to decrease (increase) under all GWLs over the ZRB and sub‐basins. The probability density function (PDF) shows negative (positive) shifts in the mean of CWD, RR1, and R10 (SDII and CDD) over the ZRB and sub‐basins under all GWLs. In contrast, R20 is projected to increase (decrease) over most of the western (eastern) ZRB under all GWLs. Assessing the implications of an additional 0.5 and 1.5°C (1.0°C) warming to 1.5°C (2.0°C) GWL shows that limiting GWL to 1.5°C would restrict the future exposure of the ZRB to extreme precipitation.

Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database - Tommaso Jucker; Fabian Jörg Fischer; Jérôme Chave; David A. Coomes; John Caspersen; Arshad Ali; Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou; Ted R. Feldpausch; Daniel Falster; Vladimir A. Usoltsev; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Luciana F. Alves; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2022)
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non‐forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC‐BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599 . To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

Nonlinear dynamics and multifractal analysis of minimum–maximum temperature and solar radiation over Lagos State, Nigeria - Joshua Akinsusi; Samuel Ogunjo; Ibiyinka Fuwape (Acta Geophysica, 2022)

River sensing: the inclusion of red band in predicting reach-scale types using machine learning algorithms - Adeyemi Oludapo Olusola; Onafeso Olumide; Olutoyin Adeola Fashae; Samuel Adelabu (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2022)

Development of a low-cost multifunctional scale for the study of plant transpiration using the Arduino platform - Wenderson R. F. Silva; Moab T. Andrade; Karoline G. Mendes; Samuel C. V. Martins (Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2022)

Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine - Peter Kubatka; Alena Mazurakova; Lenka Koklesova; Marek Samec; Juraj Sokol; Samson Mathews Samuel; Erik Kudela; Kamil Biringer; Ondrej Bugos; Martin Pec; Barbara Link; Marian Adamkov; et al. (EPMA Journal, 2022)
Thromboembolism is the third leading vascular disease, with a high annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1000 individuals within the general population. The broader term venous thromboembolism generally refers to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or a combination of both. Therefore, thromboembolism can affect both – the central and peripheral veins. Arterial thromboembolism causes systemic ischemia by disturbing blood flow and oxygen supply to organs, tissues, and cells causing, therefore, apoptosis and/or necrosis in the affected tissues. Currently applied antithrombotic drugs used, e.g. to protect affected individuals against ischemic stroke, demonstrate significant limitations. For example, platelet inhibitors possess only moderate efficacy. On the other hand, thrombolytics and anticoagulants significantly increase hemorrhage. Contextually, new approaches are extensively under consideration to develop next-generation antithrombotics with improved efficacy and more personalized and targeted application. To this end, phytochemicals show potent antithrombotic efficacy demonstrated in numerous in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in clinical evaluations conducted on healthy individuals and persons at high risk of thrombotic events, such as pregnant women (primary care), cancer, and COVID-19-affected patients (secondary and tertiary care). Here, we hypothesized that specific antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds might be of great clinical utility in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To increase the efficacy, precise patient stratification based on predictive diagnostics is essential for targeted protection and treatments tailored to the person in the framework of 3P medicine. Contextually, this paper aims at critical review toward the involvement of specific classes of phytochemicals in antiplatelet and anticoagulation adapted to clinical needs. The paper exemplifies selected plant-derived drugs, plant extracts, and whole plant foods/herbs demonstrating their specific antithrombotic, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic activities relevant for primary, secondary, and tertiary care. One of the examples considered is antithrombotic and antiplatelet protection specifically relevant for COVID-19-affected patient groups.

Climate change-mediated heat stress vulnerability and adaptation strategies among outdoor workers - Stephen T. Odonkor; Samuel Adams (Climate and Development, 2022)

The 2.6–2.3 ka explosive eruptive period of the Pululahua dome complex, Ecuador: insights from pyroclast analysis - Anais Vásconez Müller; Katharine V. Cashman; Samuel J. Mitchell; Francisco J. Vasconez (Bulletin of Volcanology, 2022)

Detection of Habitat Shifts of Cetacean Species: A Comparison Between 2010 and 2017 Habitat Suitability Conditions in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean - Samuel Chavez-Rosales; Elizabeth Josephson; Debra Palka; Lance Garrison (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022)
The simultaneous effects of human activities in the ocean and climate change have already produced a series of responses from the marine ecosystems. With the potential increment of future human activities, such as offshore renewable energy developments, proactive management is required. To facilitate effective management and conservation actions, it is imperative to identify species potentially at risk and their critical habitats. Here we examine 16 cetacean species habitat suitability in the western North Atlantic Ocean using generalized additive models developed from data collected by NOAA- Northeast and Southeast Fisheries Science Centers from 2010 to 2017. The models were based on observed species distribution as a function of 21 environmental covariates and compare species-specific core habitats between 2010 and 2017. We identified seasonal differences in patterns of habitat change across guilds and an average northward shift of 178 km across the study area. The effects of these shifts are still unknown, but for already stressed species, the contraction or displacement of their historical habitat could worsen their population status. Therefore, the imminent development of offshore regions, in addition to the effects of climate change emphasize the need of adaptively managing ecosystems on the face of multiple challenges.