Biochemical response of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes after exposure to thermal stress and toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis - T. Sarita Achari; Chinmayee Panda; Tapan Kumar Barik (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Fine structure of different stages of camel nasal bot; Cephalopina titillator (Diptera: Oestridae) - Marwa M. Attia; Olfat A. Mahdy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of essential oils from ten aromatic plants growing in Egypt against different stages of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val - Hassan A. Gad; Ali F. Hamza; Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Impact of sowing dates on incidence of major insect pests of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South-Western Haryana - Puneet Ranga; Balbir Singh; Deepak Guruwan; Surender Singh Yadav; Abhilash Singh Chauhan; Pankaj Dahiya (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Insect pests of economic importance attacking wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) in Punjab, Pakistan - Dilbar Hussain; Muhammad Asrar; Bushra Khalid; Faisal Hafeez; Muhammad Saleem; Muazzma Akhter; Maqsood Ahmed; Imran Ali; Kanwal Hanif (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Biochemical characterization of insecticide resistance in field population of major JE vectors from northern districts of West Bengal, India - Sudeep Ballav; Moytrey Chatterjee; Ashif Ali Sardar; Ushnish Guha; Subhasish Kamal Guha; Pabitra Saha; Ardhendu Kumar Maji (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Pest activity and natural enemy diversity in stored dry date (Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae)) in the Northern Guinea Savannah Agroecological Zone - D. M. Mailafiya; L. J. Bamaiyi; B. T. Magaji; I. P. Musa; A. J. Kwanashie; O. O. Banwo; L. Y. Bawa (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Pediculosis capitis; the importance of accurate differentiation of nits and hair casts - Afrooz Boukan; Leila Mohebi; Roya Rashti; Akram Boukan; Mohammad Ali Oshaghi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effect of sowing dates, intra-row spacings and pesticides on cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fab.) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae] populations on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp) in Katsina, Sudan savanna - A. Muhammad; A. M. Malgwi; H. Nahunnaro; R. S. Adamu; M. Tamò; E. Dannon; B. Datinon (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses of tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): a case report in indigenous (Orang Asli) Tribe Village - Li Lim; Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Seasonality, richness and abundance of syrphid flies in greenhouse pepper agroecosystem - N. Maza; D. S. Kirschbaum; S. R. Núñez-Campero; C. Reguilón; A. P. Jaime (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effects of interspecific competition between Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus on their life history traits - Daniyal Ahmad; Muhammad Waqas Sumra; Rizwan Mustafa Shah; Mehboob Alam; Sarfraz Ali Shad; Unsar Naeem-Ullah; Muhammad Binyameen (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

The first study on fipronil, chlorpyrifos-methyl and permethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from Turkey - Samed KOC; Levent AYDIN; Huseyin CETIN (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Virulence potential of two entomopathogenic nematodes, their associated bacteria, and its metabolites to larvae of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in cabbage under greenhouse and field bioassays - Waseem Abbas; Nazir Javed; Imran-ul Haq; Sohail Ahmed (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Food preference, growth and development of three aphidophagous ladybirds preying on conspecific and heterospecific eggs - Ahmad Pervez; Rajesh Kumar; Satish Chandra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Geographical distribution and host range status of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Côte d'Ivoire - K. A. J. Konan; S. W. M. Ouali-Ngoran; L. Fondio; G. O. Ochou; D. Koné; N. Desneux; T. Martin (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Foraging behavior plasticity in antlion larvae Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) - Alfredo Raúl Abot; Edihanne Gamarra Arguelho; Tatiane do Nascimento Lima (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effects of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers’ framework on hemocytes and enzymatic responses of the model organism, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) - Ata Eskin; Murat Ekremoglu; Cevahir Altinkaynak; Nalan Özdemir (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Biometric assessment of cucumber moth, Diaphania indica (Saunders) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) - Sunidhi Pilania; Surender Singh Yadav; Sunita Yadav; Krishna Rolania; Lomash Kumar; Jyoti Indora; Amit Kumar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Morphological reassessments and DNA barcoding of Pheidole rugaticeps Emery and Pheidole decarinata Santschi collected in Nigeria - Mohammed Ahmed Ashigar; Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Assessing diversity of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) along elevation gradient in Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan - Muhammad Amin; Khalid Mahmood; Imran Bodlah; Muhammad Qasim (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Multifunctional agroforestry landscapes: augmenting butterfly biodiversity at foot hills of Nilgiris, India - Keerthika A; K. T. Parthiban (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Host stage preference and temperature-dependent functional response of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) - Ali Asghar Talebi; Mahdieh Kazemi; Mehran Rezaei; Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini; Saeid Moharramipour (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

New haplotypes of Apis cerana in Indonesia: identification from mitochondrial and major royal jelly protein 2 genes - Rika Raffiudin; Nurul Insani Shullia; Adelia Ulfie Damayanti; Dian Tri Wahyudi; Tia Vina Febiriani; Tri Atmowidi; Jacobus S. A. Lamerkabel; Mochamad Chandra Widjaja (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Biochemical and ultrastructural effects of sublethal concentrations of ivermectin on the gonads of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - Salaheldin Abdelsalam; Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim; Abdullah M. Alzahrani; Omar M. Elmenshawy; Hany Elsawy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cyflumetofen, and difenoconazole on Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) under laboratory conditions - Delzuite Teles Leite; Roberto Barbosa Sampaio; Emerson Dechechi Chambó; Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar; Mauricio Sekiguchi de Godoy; Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effects of sublethal concentrations of some biorational insecticides in predation potential of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on Dactylopius opuntiae - Mohamed El Aalaoui; Mohamed Sbaghi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Laboratory and field evaluation of a pyrethrum-based product (Agrothrin®) for the protection of stored beans from Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Rwanda - Athanase HATEGEKIMANA; Fedai ERLER (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Anti-larval activity of actinobacterial extract for Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura - Kiran Gandhi Bapatla; Krishan Kumar; Lalit Kumar; Bansa Singh; N. P. Singh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Management of the control against forest pests in Artvin spruce forests - Sevim İnanç Özkan (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

RNA interference-mediated knockdown of odorant-binding protein 2 and MP58 gene causes mortality in Myzus persicae - Iqra Mahmood; Amber Afroz; Muhammad Faheem Malik; Nadia Zeeshan; Muhammad Ramzan Khan; Umer Rashid; Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan; Naeem Mehmood Ashraf; Sadia Alam (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Deltamethrin and coumaphos resistance and role of biochemical mechanisms in camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii collected from Haryana state of India - Snehil Gupta; Surbhi Gupta; Sachin Kumar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effect of physicochemical factors of breeding sites on larval density and detoxification enzymes activities of Culex pipiens (l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in qalyubia governorate, Egypt - Abla D. Abdel-Meguid (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Population assessment of common storage pests in deiri date palm cultivar using spectrophotometric method - Masoud Latifian; Bahar Rad (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)
Opportune and accurate identification of Date pests during storage, is prerequisite for reducing pest damages and having a good export. The present study aimed to define a new sampling method for three main storage pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) in date Deiri Cultivar, by Spectrophotometer. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in two levels. The first factor consisted of 4 levels including different stages in pests life cycle and the second factor had 10 levels including different densities of each development stage of insect species. First, the curve of changes in absorbance level in each life cycle stage was plotted against the wavelength changes and again it was repeated for each species. This curve enabled us to determine the absorption range of the device in different wavelengths. Our results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength for egg, larva, pupa and adult of O. surinamensis , in Deiri Cultivar was 1210, 1230, 1250, 1270 nm, respectively. These values were 1320, 1340, 1380, 1390 nm for E. kuehniella and 1350, 1400, 1410, 1480 nm for P. interpunctella , respectively. The lowest sample size (each sample consisted of 110 g of date fruits) for an accurate estimation of theegg, larva, pupa and adult of O. surinamensis were 1, 2, 2, 2, respectively. These values were 1, 1, 3, 3 samples for E. kuehniella and 1, 2, 2, 2 samples for P. interpunctella , respectively. The Relative Variation values for the four development stages of O. surinamensis were 1.39, 2.41, 2.91 and 3.12, respectively. These values were 1.59, 1.63, 4.62 and 4.34 for E. kuehniella and 1.78. 3.24, 2.62 and 2.24 for P. interpunctella , respectively. The accuracy level of samplings was lower than 10 in all the cases. The Relative net precision values for three studied pests in all life cycle stages were 35.95, 20.73, 17.19, 16.06 for O. surinamensis ; 31.32, 30.69, 10.82, 11.53 for E. kuehniella and 28.15, 15.42, 19.05, 22.27 for P. interpunctella , respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that the spectrophotometer can detect the hidden life cycle stages of studied pests in Deiri cultivar during storage and reduce the cost of sampling.

Activity assay of neem products as pest antifeedant in agro-biodiversity - Gratien Habarurema; Janvier Habinshuti; Brigitte Mukarunyana; Colores Uwamariya; Jean Claude Safari; Jean Bernard Ndayambaje (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Essential oils from Betula lenta, Cinnamomum cassia, Citrus aurantium var. Amara and Acorus calamus as biopesticides against cowpea weevil - Rodrigo de Carvalho Brito; Lúcia da Silva Fontes; Paulo Henrique Soares da Silva; Carolina de Sousa Santana; Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Insect biodiversity of urban green spaces in Penang Island, Malaysia - Nur Hanani Ridzuan; Salina Abdul Farouk; Sarah Abdul Razak; Silas Wintuma Avicor; Nooriati Taib; Siti Nasuha Hamzah (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Host stage preference in the parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis, for parasitism and host-feeding - Jafar Ebrahimifar; Arsalan Jamshidnia (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Insecticidal activity of nanoemulsions of organophosphorus insecticides against cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and molecular docking studies - Mohamed E. I. Badawy; Amany D. Abd-Elnabi; Abdel-Fattah S. A. Saad (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

When friends become unfriendly: testing repellents against a stingless bee (Trigona corvina Cockerell) that damages medfly-monitoring traps - D. Sánchez; F. Hernández; P. Sánchez; E. Gómez (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Effect of monoterpenes, phenylpropenes and sesquiterpenes on development, fecundity and fertility of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) - Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil; Nagwa M. A. Al-Nagar; Hamdy K. Abou-Taleb; Mohamed S. Shawir (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Analysis of morphological variations of three Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) species collected in two cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci of Turkey - Hakan Kavur; Huseyin Arikan; Seray Toz; Ibrahim Cuneyt Balcioglu; Yusuf Ozbel (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Bio-ecological studies of shoot gall psylla, Apsylla cistellata Buckton on mango under Tarai region of Northern India - Jyoti Raina; Poonam Srivastava (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

The effectiveness of Samia ricini Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and Attacus atlas L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoon extracts as ultraviolet protectants of Bacillus thuringiensis for controlling Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - Sukirno Sukirno; Deby Lukmawati; Siti Serlinegita Latifah Hanum; Veggy Fazari Ameliya; Siti Sumarmi; Hari Purwanto; Suparmin Suparmin; Ign. Sudaryadi; R. C. Hidayat Soesilohadi; Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Application of oviposition deterrent compounds for the control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi. (Dip. Tephritidae) control - Mohammad Reza Abbasi Mojdehi; Ali Akbar Keyhanian; Bahareh Rafiei (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Prevalence, population dynamics and associated natural enemies of Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta, in Egypt - El-Said M. Hassan; Ibrahim I. Mesbah; Fathi A. Ali; Ibrahim A. El-Shesheny (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Incidence of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. in potato crops in India and its efficiency for transmission of potato virus Yo - Jandrajupalli Sridhar; Vallepu Venkateswarlu; Mohd Abas Shah; Neelam Kumari; Anuj Bhatnagar; Baswaraj Raigond; S. K. Chakrabarti (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

A case study of insect visitors and pollen vectors in sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica (Linn.)) during summer and rainy seasons in India - Jaydeep Halder; T. Chaubey; C. Manimurugan; Rajesh Kumar; P. M. Singh; A. B. Rai (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Efficacy of various natural plant extracts and the synthetic insecticide cypermethrin 25EC against Leucinodes orbonalis and their impact on natural enemies in brinjal crop - Mehran Ullah; Farman Ullah; Muhammad Anwar Khan; Shakil Ahmad; Momana Jamil; Sapna Sardar; Kaleem Tariq; Nazeer Ahmed (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) extract against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - Mandeep Kaur; Alka Choudhary; Isha Saraf; Inder P. Singh; Sanehdeep Kaur (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Courtship behaviour and mating refusals in an aphidophagous ladybird, Coccinella transversalis - Ahmad Pervez; Mumtaj Jahan; Monalisa (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Seasonal incidence of brinjal shoot and fruit borer and red spider mite with their natural enemies’ fauna in brinjal crop ecosystem - Amit Kumar; Uma Shankar; Virender Kaul (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Bio-efficacy of novel chemicals and tribal pesticide-based integrated modules against brown planthopper in rice - Debashis Roy; Gautam Chakraborty (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Flower pests of cashew, their seasonal incidence, damage and natural enemies - K. Vanitha; T. N. Raviprasad (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Productivity, conversion ability, and biochemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with sweet potato, spent coffee or dough - Nicholas Romano; Hayden Fischer; Vikas Kumar; Shaun A. Francis; Amit Kumar Sinha (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from three lamiaceous plants and methyl iodide against Phthorimaea operculella (zeller) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) - Mina jafari; Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani; Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi; Ali Asghar Fathi; Mahdi Hassanpour; Asgar Ebadollahi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Chemical constituents of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon citratus and their insecticidal potential against the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) - Marie Danièle Tchonang Ngongang; Pierre Eke; Modeste Lambert Sameza; Madeleine Nina Love Ngo Mback; Champlain Djiéto- Lordon; Fabrice Fekam Boyom (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Impact of net houses on the natural regulation of the populations of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), two major tomato pests in Kenya - Anaïs Chailleux; Junitor Chepkemoi; Julien M. Haran; Laure Benoit; Robert Copeland; Emilie Deletre (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Traditional and innovative technologies for pest management of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Drury) by the tribes of Eastern-Central India - D. M. Bawaskar; N. B. Chowdary; Santosh C. Kedar; B. T. Reddy; C. Selvaraj; M. S. Rathore; C. Srinivas; Omprakash Navik (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2022)

Correction to: New host and distribution records of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) on cave‑dwelling bats from Bohol Island, Philippines - Ace Kevin S. Amarga; Kendra L. Phelps (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Entomotoxic effect of green nanoparticle an alternate strategy for stored grain pest management - Wazid Biradar; Sushila Nadagouda; Prabhuraj Aralimarad; Sharanagouda Hiregoudar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Molecular identification of white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Homoptera: Diaspididae), and its associated natural enemies in western Ethiopia - Temesgen Fita; Emana Getu; Mulatu Wakgari; Kebede Woldetsadike; Paul Rugman Jones (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Fruit fly surveillance in Togo (West Africa): state of diversity and prevalence of species - Komina Amevoin; L. K. Agboyi; M. Gomina; K. Kounoutchi; K. H. Bassimbako; M. Djatoite; A. V. Dawonou; A. Tagba (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
The production and marketing of fruits, especially mango, in sub-Saharan Africa are threatened by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This baseline study analysed the biodiversity of fruit fly species, in mango orchards, in different ecological zones of Togo. Traps used to monitor the flies in the orchards consisted of dry baits, made from four types of parapheromones specific to the males of different species. Forty species of fruit flies were identified in the mango orchards in Togo. The most common species were Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Ceratitis bremii Guérin-Méneville, Dacus bivittatus (Bigot), Dacus humeralis (Bezzi), Dacus punctatifrons Karsch and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). The invasive B. dorsalis and the endogenous species, C. cosyra were dominant in the mango producing areas of Togo because their prevalence were very high ( B. dorsalis : 2.1 ≤ flies per trap per day (FTD) ≤ 472.2; C. cosyra : 0.34 ≤ FTD ≤ 97.28). There was no area free from fruit flies in Togo during the study. These results constitute an essential reference in the future evaluation of the effectiveness of any control activities initiated in Togo against fruit flies.

Comparative effects of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cabbage yield in Tanzania - Aaron Y. Mbogho; Robert Mwashimaha; Omary Mbwambo; Simon B. Boni; Jacob Yarro; Bruno Nyundo; Myron P. Zalucki; Srinivasan Ramasamy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Investigation of some ultrasonic sound frequencies effects on Culex pipiens sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae by using piezoelectric transducer - Halil Ozkurt (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effects of different soil compost and aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) density on the growth and development of Cedrus libani a. rich - Mimar Sinan Özkaya (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Correction to: Effects of Maruca vitrata multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus and neem oil, Azadirachta indica Juss on the eggs of the cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) - F. Traoré; A. Waongo; M. N. Ba; C. Dabiré; A. Sanon; M. Tamò; B. R. Pittendrigh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00548-x

Corn-strain or rice-strain? Detection of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in northern Australia - Maxine P. Piggott; Frezzel Praise J Tadle; Shreya Patel; Karla Cardenas Gomez; Brian Thistleton (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Distribution and diversity of alternate hosts of Maruca vitrata Fabricius in three West African countries - Prince Christopher Addae; Y. Anani Bruce; Iliyasu M. Utono; Mumuni Abudulai; Fousseni Traore; Mohammad F. Ishiyaku; Rabiu S. Adamu; Ahmed Seidu; Benoît J. Batieno; Onyekachi Francis Nwankwo; Malick N. Ba; Gloria A. Adazebra; et al. (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
The evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) toxins by insect pests is a major threat to Bt technology. However, the rate of resistance can be slowed with appropriate integrated insect resistance management (IRM) strategies. Surveys were conducted to identify alternate host species for Maruca vitrata (commonly called the legume pod borer or Maruca ) that could serve as refuges for Pod-Borer Resistant (PBR) cowpea in three West African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso). Survey sites included 25 in northern Ghana, 44 in northern Nigeria, and 52 in north-central and southwestern Burkina Faso. Alternate hosts of Maruca identified from plant species belonging to the Fabaceae family that showed signs of Maruca damage on cowpea tissues were collected and dissected. Larvae that were found during these dissections were reared to adult moths in the laboratory then identified to species. The alternate host plants including species of Crotolaria , Sesbania , Tephrosia , and Vigna were the most frequently encountered among sites and locations. Flowering and podding of these plants overlapped with flowering and podding of the nearby (~200 m) cowpea crop. Abundance of these wild hosts and overlapping flowering patterns with the cowpea crop in most locations have the potential to sustain ample numbers of Bt susceptible Maruca that will mate with possible resistant Maruca and deter resistance development. Further quantitative studies, however, are required from each location to determine if actual Maruca production from alternate hosts is sufficient for a PBR IRM strategy. If verified, this approach would be compatible with the high dose/refuge IRM strategy that includes alternate hosts and non- Bt crops as refuges.

Effects of three strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens to soil-borne fungal pathogens and silkworm, Bombyx mori - Hilda Sundar; Sweatha S. Mohan; Ayyappan Sornam; Geetha Sivanandam; Chandrasehar Govindan (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Native bees as putative pollinators of the avocado Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass in Colombia - D. Carabalí-Banguero; J. Montoya-Lerma; A. Carabalí (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Expected prevalence of the facultative parasitoid Megaselia scalaris of honey bees in Africa and the Mediterranean region under climate change conditions - Hossam F. Abou-Shaara; Adnan A. E. Darwish (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

GC–MS and GC-FID analyses, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of Origanum glandulosum essential oil and their effect on biochemical content of CX pipiens larvae - Nadia Bouguerra; Mourad Boukoucha (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Habitat distribution of diapriid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea) in eastern Mozambique - Lesia I. Tymochko; Claudio Cuaranhua; Alex V. Gumovsky (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Species composition, spatio-temporal variation and habitat characterization of Anopheline larvae in Bure district, northwestern Ethiopia - Tilahun Adugna; Emana Getu; Delenasaw Yewhalaw (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Biological parameters of stem borer Stromatium barbatum reared on grapevine wood logs under laboratory conditions - Babasaheb B. Fand; D. S. Yadav; S. H. Mhaske; Yogita Ranade (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Pest interceptions on imported fresh fruits into South Africa - Livhuwani R. Nnzeru; Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo; Bester T. Mudereri; Moleseng C. Moshobane (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Evaluation of the cell mediated immune responses using quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction during the infestation of Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus (Diptera: Oestridae) in equine - Marwa M. Attia; Olfat A. Mahdy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Innovative on-plant bioassay method for selection of superior genotype/cultivar/event against pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) in cotton in protected screen house condition - Vivek Shah; Rachna Pande; Babasaheb B. Fand; Nandini Gokte-Narkhedkar; Vijay N. Waghmare (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Study on varietal preference and nutritional indices of tea looper Hyposidra talaca (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on ten selected tea varieties - Suman Sarkar; Azariah Babu; Kaushik Chakraborty; Bhabesh Deka; Bishwapran Kashyap; Biplab Adhikary (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Initiation of Nyssomyia neivai and Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) colonies under laboratory conditions from wild blood fed females in northwest Argentina - G. N. Copa; M. C. Almazán; T. M. Goulart; M. C. Pinto; D. Marco; J. R. Nasser; J. F. Gil (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nest architecture of stingless bee, Tetragonula gressitti Sakagami from Nagaland, India - Avinash Chauhan; H K Singh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Efficacy and safety-evaluation of insecticidal modules against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the residues of the most effective schedule in maize - Debashis Roy; Sujan Biswas; Dibyendu Mondal; Soumojit Majumder; Pijush Kanti Sarkar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Comparative study on the bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cowpea varieties (host) and common bean varieties (non-host): Findings revealed important food security information - Luke Chinaru Nwosu; Gold Ikodie (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Preliminary evaluation of acoustic sensors for early detection of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus incidence on oil palm and coconut in Malaysia - Nur Ain Farhah Ros Saidon Khudri; Mohamed Mazmira Mohd Masri; Mohd Shawal Thakib Maidin; Noorhazwani Kamarudin; Mohamad Haris Hussain; Idris Abd Ghani; Johari Jalinas (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Carabid beetles of tropical dry forests display traits that cope with a harsh environment - Gloria Maria Ariza; Jorge Jácome; D. Johan Kotze (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Purging black solider fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) compromises their nutritive value as a feedstuff - Nathan Egnew; Nicholas Romano; Hayden Fischer; Amit Kumar Sinha (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Bioefficacy of seed oils from combretum and lannea species against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) - Samuel Fogné Drabo; Judicaël Thomas Ouilly; Rahim Romba; Imael H. N. Bassole; Olivier Gnankine (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Two new edible insect species from Ghana and their chemical content evaluation - Zeynep Aydoğan; Ümit İncekara; Ali Gürol (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Application of COI gene for identification of some economically and forensically important muscid flies of India (Diptera: Muscidae) - Ramandeep Achint; Devinder Singh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Accidental intestinal myiasis caused by Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae in broiler chickens: a field study - Heba M. Salem; Marwa M. Attia (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Radiation biology and inherited sterility in Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nuctuidae) - Shiva Osouli; Mehrdad Ahmadi; Nadia Kalantarian (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nysius Plebeius distant (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae; Orsillinae) feeding impacts on seed weight and germination of perilla crop - Hwijong Yi; Youngnam Yoon; Yunwoo Jang; Mihye Jeong; Tae-Wook Jung; Hyun Suk Cho; Rameswor Maharjan (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on first instar larvae of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, Stephens - Gholamreza Golmohammadi; Hosein-Reza Rezaei Torshizi; Reza Vafaei-Shooshtari; Leila Faravardeh; Zahra Rafaei-Karehroudi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Distribution and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains from different crop rhizosphere in Indo-Gangetic plains against polyphagous lepidopteran pests - G. K. Sujayanand; Mohd Akram; Aravind Konda; Ashish Nigam; Shripad Bhat; Jyotirmay Dubey; Krishna Kumar; Senthilkumar K. Muthusamy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insect pests of stocks of Acacia macrostachya Reichenb and associated parasitoids in the province of Boulkiemde, central-western region of Burkina Faso - Marcellin Yamkoulga; Antoine Waongo; Fousséni Traoré; Louis Sawadogo; Georg Goergen; Manuele Tamò; Antoine Sanon (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Green Synthesis of Silver Nitrate Nanoparticles from Camelina Sativa (L.) and Its Effect to Control Insect Pests of Stored Grains - Habib ur Rehman; Beenish Majeed; Muhammad Aslam Farooqi; Amer Rasul; Muhammad Sagheer; Qurban Ali; Zunnu Raen Akhtar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Revision of the genus Napamus Papp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) - Mostafa Ghafouri Moghaddam; Ehsan Rakhshani; Cornelis van Achterberg; Azizollah Mokhtari (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of chitinase against Corcyra cephalonica larvae under laboratory conditions - Nithin Vijayakumar; Madanagopal Nalini; Chandrasekaran Rajkuberan; Lukmanul Hakkim Faruck; Hamid Bakshi; Alagar Yadav Sangilimuthu (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Analysis of food resources, host availability and insecticidal impacts on the fecundity, longevity and parasitism efficiency of Diaertiella rapae (M’intosh) - Ahmad Nawaz; Habib Ali; Sajid Fiaz; Muhammad Sufyan; Miza Abdul Qayyum; Rashid Azad; Yasir Niaz; Muhamamd Adnan Bodlah; Khalid Ali Khan (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Spatial distribution of butterflies in different macrohabitat in a university campus in Southern-Nigeria - Cynthia C. Ojianwuna; Victor N. Enwemiwe (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Repellence and larvicidal effects of some selected plant extracts against adult Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions - Melete Berhe; Sisay Dugassa; Shihun Shimelis; Habte Tekie (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Dung beetle communities of altitudinal Atlantic forest remnants: diversity and composition - J. Barretto; J. C. S. da Cunha; F. Silva; R. C. Moura (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

A strategy to decrease vectorial competence of dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by alteration of its gut microbiota using Indian traditional medicinal plants - Kamal Kumar Gupta; Meenakshi Prejneshu; Mohit Aggarwal; Chetkar Chandra Keshvam; Vinay Kumar Dubey; Manish Kumar Mishra; Naresh Singh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Influence of lufenuron on the nutrient content and detoxification enzyme expression in Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) - Kungreiliu Panmei; Roopa Rani Samal; P. Lanbiliu; Sarita Kumar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Evaluation of certain plant hosts for the lac insect - Tanjil Rahman; Purnima Das; Lakshmi Kanta Hazarika; Kewal Krishan Sharma; Arumugam Mohanasundaram; Somnath Roy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Expression patterns of ASR1, PIN2, and PAL genes in tomato and eggplant after treatment with different inducers - Fatemeh Jafarbeigi; Mohammad Amin Samih; Hossein Alaei (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Morphological and biochemical resistance traits of tomato cultivars against thrips and bud necrosis virus disease - B Jamuna; M Bheemanna; Hn Timmanna; Arunkumar Hosmani; Kandapal Kavita (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nutritional composition of insect types most commonly consumed by the Olugboja Community of Ondo State, Nigeria - Temitope D. Awobusuyi; Muthulisi Siwela; Kirthee Pillay (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Descriptions of two new species of Zeuxevania Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from India - Anandhan Rameshkumar; Sarfrazul Islam Kazmi; S. Sheela (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Chemical composition of Ricinus communis and Momordica charantia seeds extracts and its bioactivity against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) - David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez; Rolando Ramírez-Rodríguez; Juan Manuel Rivas-González; Rodolfo Figueroa-Brito; Guadalupe Peña-Chora; Erubiel Toledo-Hernández; César Sotelo-Leyva (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Efficacy of commercially available chemical compound used against management of tick infestation in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh - Mukesh Shakya; Mamta Singh; Sachin Kumar; A. K. Jayraw; G. P. Jatav; Vivek Agrawal; Nirmala Jamara (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

New records of Meschia pugnax (Heteroptera: Meschiidae) and stethoconus praefectus (Heteroptera: Miridae): predatory deraeocorinae plant bug associated with tingidae bugs, Pakistan - Zuhaib Ahmad; Muhammad Naeem; Tariq Mahmood; Rashid Azad (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Lethal and sublethal effects of the insecticides d-limonene, mineral oil, and potassium salts of fatty acid on Dactylopius Opuntiae potential predator Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri - Mohamed El Aalaoui; Mustapha El Bouhssini; Rachid Bouharroud; Mohamed Sbaghi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Abundance and community composition of flower visiting insects of avocado (Persea americana Mill) in the East African region - Evelyn N. Okello; Nelson O. Amugune; Titus K. Mukiama; H. Michael G. Lattorff (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Cellulolytic activity of gut bacteria isolated from the eri silkworm larvae, Samia ricini, (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) - Kondwani MsangoSoko; Ramcharan Bhattacharya; Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan; Kirti Sharma; Sabtharishi Subramanian (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Increased probing activities of green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae, on chitosan-treated caisim (Brassica juncea) monitored by electrical penetration graph (EPG) - Varsha Salsabillah; Nugroho Susetya Putra; Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood; Alan Soffan (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Field efficacy of genotypically diverse soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivar mixtures in controlling insect pests - Jerry A. Nboyine; Nicholas N. Denwar; Francis Kusi; Samuel S. Buah; Mukhtaru Zakaria; Asieku Yahaya; Francisca Addae-Frimpomaah; Gloria Adazebra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Biological activity and safety evaluation of monoterpenes against the peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) - Lijun Zhou; Chao Li; Zhilin Zhang; Xiuxia Li; Yongcheng Dong; Haiqun Cao (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important cosmopolitan crop pest. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites that exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Monoterpenes, as the major constituents of EOs, are well known for having a range of biological activities. In this study, 9 monoterpenes were screened for fumigant toxicity against M. persicae , and the safety of monoterpenes to natural enemies was evaluated. The results of the bioassays indicated that 9 monoterpenes showed promising fumigant toxicity against M. persicae . Carvacrol was the most toxic compound based on the LC 50 value, which was 1.566 mg/L, followed by bornyl acetate, terpinolene, and terpinyl acetate, which had higher toxicities towards aphids, with LC 50 values of 2.648 mg/L, 2.759 mg/L, and 2.832 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the safety evaluation assays of carvacrol against Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae (LC 50 = 43.851 mg/L) did not affect nontarget invertebrates at concentrations that effectively controlled aphids. Carvacrol was safer than chlorpyrifos to natural enemy H. axyridis larvae (toxicity ratio = 28.00 > 2.93). These results identified several high-activity monoterpenes that can be used against this pest in greenhouses as botanical insecticides.

Effect of dietary history on intraguild predation and cannibalism of ladybirds’ eggs - Ahmad Pervez; Satish Chandra; Rajesh Kumar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Fecundity and life-table parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato crop under alternating temperature regimes: implications for pest monitoring in sub-tropical India - Pradeep Kumar Dalal; Ramesh Arora (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insecticidal efficacy of some essential oils against adults of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) - Mikhail A. Levchenko; Elena A. Silivanova; Pavel E. Khodakov; Saber Gholizadeh (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Seasonal incidence, epidemiology and establishment of different pests and disease in laboratory reared Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith - Harish Kumar Sharma; Lalit Kalia; Ruchi Sharma; Meena Thakur; Hema Prasad; Manju Devi; Priyanka Thakur; Deeksha Sharma; Kiran Rana (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Distribution and attack of pineapple mealybug to macauba palm Acrocomia aculeata - Vitor Carvalho Ribeiro de Araújo; Gerson Adriano Silva; Rodrigo Soares Ramos; Paulo Antônio Santana Júnior; Renata Ramos Pereira; Sergio Yoshimitsu Motoike; Marcelo Coutinho Picanço (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Impact of solar heat enhanced by the use of black polypropylene sheets on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and germinabilty of cowpea seeds - F. A. Ajayi; E. Peter; E. Okrikata; R. A. L. Emmanuel; S. A. Dattijo; E. A Kayode (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
Post-harvest losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus is a major constraint to cowpea production and the improper use of synthetic insecticides by most farmers have resulted in environmental, health hazards, and development of insecticide resistance in insects. This study evaluates the efficacy of solar heat treatment using double-layered black polypropylene sheets in suppressing the development of the cowpea bruchid eggs and the effect of the heat absorbed on the germination potential of cowpea seeds. Five pairs of 2 – 3-day old adult C. maculatus were allowed to oviposit for ten days on 50 g cowpea seeds in a glass jar in the laboratory before exposure to 24, 48, 72 and 96 h solar heat treatment regimes. Infested cowpea seeds but not exposed to solarization was set along with the treatments while uninfested cowpea seeds was also set along and used as part of the germinability test. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and treatments were replicated four times. The results showed that there were no significant differences among the number of eggs laid by adult C. maculatus on the cowpea seeds before solar heat treatment. Solar heat treatment of the cowpea seed at 24 h achieved 100% egg mortality of C. maculatus thus preventing adult emergence. The effect of solarization on seed viability showed that there were no significant differences between the infested cowpea seeds exposed to different solar radiation regimes when compared to uninfested cowpea seeds – range; 74% – 99% germination. The results showed that 24 h solar heat exposure of cowpea seeds in double-layered black polypropylene sheets could be the thermal death point of C. maculatus eggs on the seeds in the study area.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Benin: abundance, damage, predatory ants and potential control - Anicet G. Dassou; Rodrigue Idohou; Ginette Y. Azandémè-Hounmalon; Amadou Sabi-Sabi; Jacques Houndété; Pierre Silvie; Alexandre Dansi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Aedes mosquito responses to control interventions against the Chikungunya outbreak of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia - Abate Waldetensai; Fekadu Gemechu; Esayas Kinfe; Hiwot Amare; Samuel Hagos; Daniel Teshome; Alemnesh Hailemariam; Wondatir Nigatu; Alemayehu Tadesse; Dejene Keneni; Zawdie Dinku; Meaza Telaye; et al. (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Scanning electron microscopy based identification of ectoparasitic insects infesting zoo-housed jungle cats and pigeons of North India - Aman Dev Moudgil; Lachhman Das Singla (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

The first description of alate and supplementary description of soldier of Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) - Zahid Khan; Yu-Xin Li; Qing Liu; Xiao-Hong Su; Lian-Xi Xing (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Impact of sticky traps of different colours and shapes against sucking pests of tomato under protected conditions: a randomized controlled trial - Indu J. Nair; Sudhendu Sharma; Parminder S. Shera (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Do neonicotinoids better than pyrethroids for Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)? A comparative sub-lethal indirect age-stage, two-sex life tables laboratory bioassay - Muhammad Rizwan; Bilal Atta; Misbah Rizwan; Ijaz Ashraf; Muhammad Arshad; Muhammad Tahir; Mudassir Ali; Arshed Makhdoom Sabir; Muhammad Bilal; Muhammad Yasir Ali (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Genetics of dual resistance to african stem borer, busseola fusca and spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum - P. W. Muturi; M. Mgonja; P. Rubaihayo (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Development of immature stages of Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871) (Coleoptera: Dynastidae), a major crop pest in Madagascar - Richard Randriamanantsoa; Alain Ratnadass (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Indigenous knowledge of ground-nesting stingless bees in southwestern Ethiopia - Amenay Assefa Kidane; Fisseha Mengstie Tegegne; Ayco Jerome Michel Tack (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
While Ethiopia has six species of stingless bees, indigenous knowledge of them has not been well documented. In southwestern Ethiopia, we documented the Sheka community’s knowledge of stingless bees. We used the snowball sampling technique to locate 60 experienced honey collectors, conducted semi-structured interviews, and complemented interviews with field observations during honey collection trips with interviewees. Given the scarcity of aboveground nesting stingless bees, honey collectors only collected honey from stingless bees nesting belowground. The average age of the honey collectors was 43 years, but there was much variation in both age and the number of years of experience, indicating that the tradition is handed down between generations. To find the underground nests in the field, honey collectors used several methods, including directly observing nest entrances and worker bee movement, attaching a thread to the worker bee, and listening for the humming sound of the bee’s natural enemy (wasp). Wild nests were always harvested destructively. A single farmer kept ground-nesting stingless bee colonies at his backyard using uniquely tailored wooden hives. Collected honey was used for home consumption, disease treatment, and the generation of income. Our findings illustrate the Sheka community’s deep indigenous knowledge of ground-nesting stingless bees. To facilitate the establishment of stingless bee beekeeping (meliponiculture) in the study area, we may build upon this indigenous knowledge by field research on the biology of stingless bees, taxonomic studies to assess the diversity and identity of ground-nesting stingless bees, and engineering studies to develop beekeeping practices. Together, this may allow for better income for local farmers and avoid the risk of overexploitation of wild stingless bee nests.

Molecular characterization of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, isolate and its virulence to Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) - Karishma Das; Purnima Das; Assma Parveen; Robin Chandra Boro; Abhilisa Mudoi; Somnath Roy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Resistance to temephos in Anopheles stephensi larvae is associated with increased cytochrome P450 and α-esterase genes overexpression - P. Vivekanandhan; A. Thendralmanikandan; E. J. Kweka; A. M. Mahande (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Assessment of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) productivity in urban cemeteries in Wroclaw (SW Poland) - Katarzyna Rydzanicz; Aleksandra Czułowska; Dagmara Dyczko; Dorota Kiewra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)
In many European countries, cemeteries are found to be suitable habitats for the proliferation of native and invasive mosquito species. The study aimed to assess for the first time in Poland the suitability of urban cemeteries for mosquito larvae development in water supply wells. From May to September 2019 in three urban cemeteries in Wroclaw (SW Poland), a total of 757 inspection of water supply wells were carried out. The mosquito larvae development, expressed as the general container index (GCI), differed between the examined areas and months of the study. The highest GCI value was calculated for Grabiszyński and Bujwida cemeteries (72.0 % and 59.3 % respectively). Larvae of three native mosquito species were identified in all inspected breeding places during the survey: Culex pipiens s.l. Linnaeus (95 %), Cx. torrentium Martini (4 %), Anopheles maculipennis s.l. Meigen (less than 1 %). No larvae of invasive Aedes mosquito species were found. In the inspected water supply wells larval productivity peaked in June, when the average temperature reached 22.7 °C. Due to the likelihood of the establishment and adaptation of invasive aedine mosquito species in Poland, constant analysis of the larvae composition in cemeteries should be continued.

Temporal and age-related variations in calling and mating patterns of the Indian population of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) - G. Basana Gowda; K. R. M. Bhanu; A. K. Chakravarthy; A. D. N. T. Kumara (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insect flower-visitors of African oil palm Elaeis guineensis at different sites and distances from natural vegetation in Uganda - James Peter Egonyu; Stephen Erisa Sisye; John Baguma; Milton Otema; Gabriel Ddamulira (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

An alternative protocol for rearing of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory conditions - Janaína Brand Dillmann; Luciana Cossetin; Letícia dos Santos Petry; Tiago Pereira de Souza; Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Mosquito larvae breeding habitat as hitch to the fight against malaria in Onicha Igbeze and its Environ, Ebonyi State, Nigeria - Godwin Nkwuda Nwonumara; David Ekene Nwele (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

An update of Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) distribution in Brazil: commercial and residential first record in Northeastern Brazil region - Francilene M. M. de Lima; Henrique R. P. Ferreira; Jessica T. Jales; Taciano M. Barbosa; Renata Antonaci Gama (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Novel foraging behaviors of Scolopendra dehaani (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand - Cameron W. Hodges; Jesse Goodyear (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effects of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) on food consumption and sexual behavior of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies - Ricardo Toledo-Hernández; Jorge Toledo; Pablo Liedo; Francisco Holguín-Meléndez; Javier Valle-Mora; Graciela Huerta-Palacios (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Feeding potential and foraging behaviour of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.) on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii glover - Y. Venkanna; Sachin S. Suroshe; Subhash Chander; Sweetee Kumari (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Temperature impact on the phenology of Nesidiocoris tenuis feeding on Tetranychus urticae: simulation through life cycle modelling - O. Gavkare; P. L. Sharma; R. S. Chandel; S. C. Verma; B. B. Fand; Nidhi Sharma (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Management of Hypsipyla robusta Moore (Pyralidae) damage in Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss (Meliaceae) - N. M. Chi; D. N. Quang; B. D. Hien; P. N. Dzung; N. P. Nhung; N. V. Nam; P. T. T. Thuy; D. V. Tuong; B. Dell (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Conserving one of the important species of oak tasar silk worm Antheraea proylei (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in western Himalyan region of Uttarakhand, India to sustain the livelihood of local population - Pashupati Nath; P. C. Joshi; Induja Mishra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effectiveness of various combinations of three main gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) through modified atmospheres on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) population in stored green grams - Jeanne Priscille Ingabire; Athanase Hategekimana; Kaithamalai Bhuvaneswari; Fedai Erler (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Cerrado vegetation conversion into exotic pastures negatively impacts flower chafer beetle assemblages in the west-Central Brazil - César M. A. Correa; Marco A. Lara; Anderson Puker (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Biological control potential of an aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a pest of oilseed brassicas in India - Saurbh Soni; Surjeet Kumar (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Quantification of antibiosis and biochemical factors in rice genotypes and their role in plant defense against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Gùenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) - Harmandeep Singh; Preetinder Singh Sarao; Neerja Sharma (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Impact of native Wolbachia on reproductive fitness and bacterial pathogens in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes - Sivaraman Balaji; Solai Ramatchandirane Prabagaran (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Mosquito species (Diptera: culicidae) collected after tropical storm cristobal in Merida, Yucatan, South-east Mexico - Juan Navarrete-Carballo; Wilberth Bibiano-Marín; Jorge Palacio-Vargas; Herón Huerta-Jiménez; Marco Torres-Castro; Carlos Arisqueta-Chable; Anuar Medina-Barreiro; Henry Puerta-Guardo; Azael Che-Mendoza; Abdiel Martin-Park; Pablo Manrique-Saide (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Identification and control of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a potential threat to stored products and international trade - Sunil Kumar Yadav; Sagarika Bhowmik; Prakash Chand Yadav; Kailash Chander Sharma (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Economic value of insect pollination of major crops in Morocco - Rachid Sabbahi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

The period of insect research in the tropics: a bibliometric analysis - M. C. Moshobane; T. T. Khoza; S. Niassy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Advances in insects for food and feed - James Peter Egonyu; John Kinyuru; Forkwa Fombong; Jeremiah Ng’ang’a; Yusuf Abdullahi Ahmed; Saliou Niassy (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Introducing cricket farming as a food security and livelihood strategy in humanitarian settings: experience from Kakuma Refugee camp, Kenya - Edwin Kamau; Patrick Kibuku; John Kinyuru (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Cost–benefit analysis of improved light trap for harvesting the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): Evidence from Uganda - Francis Sengendo; Sevgan Subramanian; Michael Kidoido; Moses Chemurot; Chrysantus Tanga; James Peter Egonyu (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Socio economic characteristics of cricket farmers in Lake Victoria region of Kenya - Jackline A. Oloo; Afton Halloran; Maina J. Nyongesah (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Comparative assessment of developmental parameters, proximate analysis and mineral compositions of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on organic waste substrates - H. A. Adebayo; K. A. Kemabonta; S. S. Ogbogu; M. C. Elechi; Moronike T. Obe (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Watermelon bug (Aspongopus viduatus) full‐fat meals as an alternative dietary protein on broiler chickens’ growth performance, meat, and blood - Abdalbasit Adam Mariod; Amel Abdulla Tyfoor; Intisar Yousif Turki (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Heavy metal bioaccumulation in prepupae of black soldier fly Hermetia Illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) cultured with organic wastes and chicken feed - Marilyn C. Elechi; Kehinde A. Kemabonta; Sylvester S. Ogbogu; Ijeoma C. Orabueze; Fouad A. Adetoro; Henry A. Adebayo; Toyin M. Obe (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effect of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) prepupae meal on growth performance and gut development in broiler chicken - Arumbackam Vijayarangam Elangovan; Amala Udayakumar; Manimaran Saravanakumar; Vaibhav Bhagwan Awachat; Muthugounder Mohan; Mahesh Shankarappa Yandigeri; Selvaraj Krishnan; Anjumoni Mech; Somu Bala Nageswara Rao; Kandalam Giridhar; Raghavendra Bhatta (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Physico-chemical and sensory quality evaluation of an extruded nutrient-dense termite (Macrotermes natalensis) and millet (Eleusine coracana) instant porridge - Robert Musundire; Robert Brian Dhlakama; Julien Harusekwi Serere (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Exploring community knowledge, perception and practices of entomophagy in Kenya - Elizabeth Siago Kusia; Christian Borgemeister; Chrysantus M. Tanga; Sunday Ekesi; Sevgan Subramanian (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nutritional potential of edible insects: a systematic review of published data - Johnson Weru; Peter Chege; John Kinyuru (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

A preliminary study on the juvenile stages of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) as exploitable nutraceutical resources - Arijit Ganguly; Jose Manuel Pino Moreno (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nutrient and toxic heavy metal assessment of Tarbinskiellus portentosus and Schizodactylus monstrosus consumed by the Bodo tribe in Assam, India - Amar Deep Soren; Kushal Choudhury; Pforeni Jane Sapruna; Dipamani Sarma (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Comadia redtenbacheri (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) and Aegiale hesperiaris (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), two important edible insects of Agave salmiana (Asparagales: Asparagaceae): a review - Aracely Molina-Vega; Edna María Hernández-Domínguez; Matilde Villa-García; Jorge Álvarez-Cervantes (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Soil characteristics and nutritional traits of Mactrotermes natalensis (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) as indicators of nutritional quality in Zimbabwe - R. Musundire; C. Chidewe; B. K. Samende; A. Chemura; C. Bangira; O. A. Andika; L. Chiwona-Karltun (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Acceptability of cereal-cricket porridge compared to cereal and cereal-milk- porridges among caregivers and nursery school children in Uasin Gishu, Kenya - John Kinyuru; Carolyne Kipkoech; Samuel Imathiu; Silvenus Konyole; Nanna Roos (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Food safety concerns in edible grasshoppers: a review of microbiological and heavy metal hazards - Jeremiah Ng’ang’a; Forkwa Fombong; Samuel Kiiru; Carolyne Kipkoech; John Kinyuru (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effect of heat treatment on selected macronutrients in the wild harvested edible ground cricket, Henicus whellani Chopard - Jemitias Tinarwo; Brighton M. Mvumi; Petronella T. Saidi; Chakare Benhura; Faith A. Manditsera (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Formulation of vegetable soup powder from Clerodendrum volubile enriched with Macrotermes bellicosus (termite) flour - Adedayo Olubunmi Adeboye; Beatrice Mofoluwaso Fasogbon; Kehinde Adegbuyi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Consumption pattern and acceptability of winged termites (Macroterme bellicosus)-enriched infant complementary foods in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Oladejo Thomas Adepoju; Kayode Ajayi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

What determines farmers’ awareness and interest in adopting cricket farming? A pilot study from Kenya - Afton Halloran; Monica Ayieko; Jacqueline Oloo; Silvenus Ochieng Konyole; Mohammed Hussen Alemu; Nanna Roos (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insects in food and feed systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the untapped potentials - Samuel A. Babarinde; Brighton M. Mvumi; Grace O. Babarinde; Faith A. Manditsera; Taiwo O. Akande; Adebusola A. Adepoju (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Morphological description of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus, 1758; Orthoptera: Gryllidae) egg in captivity - Bleu Gondo Douan; Mamadou Doumbia; Koffi Eric Kwadjo; Kouadio Dagobert Kra (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

On the biomass production of Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker, 1871) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a potential insect to feed the livestock - Arijit Ganguly; Parimalendu Haldar; Dipak Kr. Mandal (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Nutrient content and lipid characteristics of desert locust (Schistoscerca gregaria) swarm in Kenya - John N. Kinyuru (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Prospects of entomophagy - Minakshi Puzari (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Insects as food: Illuminating the food neophobia and socio-cultural dynamics of insect consumption in Uganda - Solomon Olum; Joshua Wesana; Justine Mawadri; Joanitar Kizza Nakiranda; Walter Odongo (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Entomophagy: an innovative nutritional and economic navigational tool in race of food security - Rimsha Naseem; Waqar Majeed; Naureen Rana; Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch; Muhammad Rehan Naseem (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Climate change: a natural streamliner towards entomophagy? - Dorothy N. Nyangena; John Kinyuru; Samuel Imathiu (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Patterns of consumption of edible insects among young people in three local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria - Oluwatosin Ibitoye; Paul Oyetunji; Tobi Kolejo; Oluwatosin Ogundele; Akinyemi Gabriel (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Legislation and legal frame work for sustainable edible insects use in Nigeria - Habib Sani Usman; Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

New host and distribution records of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) on cave-dwelling bats from Bohol Island, Philippines - Ace Kevin S. Amarga; Kendra L. Phelps (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Transcriptome analysis of wolf spider Pardosa laura exposed to beta-cypermethrin - Qing Ning; Jing Li; Li-hua Wang; Yu-jun Dai; Chang-chun Li (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Edible insects for food and feed in nigeria: exploring the roles of extension services - Oluwatosin Ibitoye; Cordelia Ebenebe; Maduabuchi Amobi; Tolulope Oyediji; Oluwatosin Ogundele; Israel Arabanbi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Effect of profenofos and citrus oil on Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, key predators of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), under laboratory conditions - Rehana Bibi; Munir Ahmad; Asim Gulzar; Muhammad Tariq (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Factors influencing the combined efficacy of microbial insecticides and inert dusts for the control of Trogoderma granarium - Rameesha Amjad Ali; Mansoor ul Hasan; Muhammad Sagheer; Shahbaz Talib Sahi; Amer Rasul (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

PeBL1 of Brevibacillus laterosporus a new biocontrol tool for wheat aphid management (Sitobion avenae) in triticum aestivum - Khadija Javed; Humayun Javed; Dewen Qiu (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Population genetic dynamics of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Sri Lanka: baseline study for designing Wolbachia control method - M. D. Nirmani; K. L. N. S. Perera; G. H. Galhena (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Assessing the laboratory mass rearing of Predator Beetle Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Monotomidae) - Gonca Ece Özcan; Mahmut Eroğlu; Hazan Alkan Akinci (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Could fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) invasion in Africa contribute to the displacement of cereal stemborers in maize and sorghum cropping systems - Girma Hailu; Saliou Niassy; Timon Bässler; Nathan Ochatum; Christoph Studer; Daisy Salifu; Mawufe K. Agbodzavu; Zeyaur R. Khan; Charles Midega; Sevgan Subramanian (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Characterization of chitin content extracted from edible insect, Coridius nepalensis (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) - Archana Sharbidre; Santosh Sargar; Hiren Gogoi; Rajendra Patil (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

First record of the soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in chickpea crops - Martin Alejandro Vera; Clerison Regis Perini; Maria Gabriela Murúa; Augusto Sebastian Casmuz; Gerardo Gastaminza; Jerson Carus Guedes (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)

Be quick or be dead: high temperatures reduce Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larval development time and pyriproxyfen larvicide efficiency in laboratory conditions - Lidia Moura; Barbara L. de Nadai; Aline C. Bernegossi; Mayara C. Felipe; Gleyson B. Castro; Juliano J. Corbi (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021)