Record-breaking warming in the Kamchatka Current halocline - Konstantin Rogachev; Natalia Shlyk (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

A numerical study on the mixed layer depth variability and its influence on the sea surface temperature during 2013–2014 in the Bay of Bengal and Equatorial Indian Ocean - Radharani Sen; Pavanathara Augustine Francis; Arun Chakraborty; John B. Effy (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Modeled Stokes drift in the marginal ice zones of the Arctic Ocean - Jingkai Li; Rui Li; Yang Ding; Yunrui Ma (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Wind events in a subtropical coastal upwelling region as detected by admittance analysis - Heriberto J. Vazquez; Jose Gomez-Valdes (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Correction to: Accelerated reproduction of 2-D periodic waves - Dmitry Chalikov (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Initial time dependence of wind- and density-driven Lagrangian residual velocity in a tide-dominated bay - Guangliang Liu; Zhe Liu; Huiwang Gao; Shizuo Feng (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Seasonal oceanic variability on meso- and submesoscales: a turbulence perspective - Boris Galperin; Semion Sukoriansky; Bo Qiu (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

The 11th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2019) in Wuxi, China, on June 17–20, 2019 - Tal Ezer; Fanghua Xu; Zhiyu Liu; Emil Stanev; Shanlin Wang; Jun Wei (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Determining the dependence of the power supply to the ocean on the length and time scales of the dynamics between the meso-scale and the synoptic scale, from satellite data - Achim Wirth (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Fast lagrangian particle tracking in unstructured ocean model grids - Ross Vennell; Max Scheel; Simon Weppe; Ben Knight; Malcolm Smeaton (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Enhanced subsurface mixing due to near-inertial waves: observation from Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge - Prabhakaran Sabu; Meethale Puthukkottu Subeesh; Jenson Vilayil George; Narayana Pillai Anilkumar; Muthalagu Ravichandran (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Geographical variation and controlling mechanism of eddy-induced vertical temperature anomalies and eddy available potential energy in the South China Sea - Zhan Lian; Zexun Wei; Yonggang Wang; Xinyi Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Impacts of coastal reclamation on tidal and sediment dynamics in the Rui’an coast of China - Peixiong Chen; Zhilin Sun; Xin Zhou; Yuezhang Xia; Li Li; Zhiguo He; Rusheng Wang; Haijian Xie (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

WAVERYS: a CMEMS global wave reanalysis during the altimetry period - Stéphane Law-Chune; Lotfi Aouf; Alice Dalphinet; Bruno Levier; Yann Drillet; Marie Drevillon (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Accelerated reproduction of 2-D periodic waves - Dmitry Chalikov (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

The turbulent dispersion of surface drifters by water waves: experimental study - Nelson Violante-Carvalho; Alexei Skvortsov; Alexander Babanin; Henrique Pereira; Uggo Pinho; Paulo T. T. Esperança (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Variational interpolation of high-frequency radar surface currents using DIVAnd - Alexander Barth; Charles Troupin; Emma Reyes; Aida Alvera-Azcárate; Jean-Marie Beckers; Joaquín Tintoré (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis, in n -dimensions) is a tool to interpolate observations on a regular grid using the variational inverse method. We have extended DIVAnd to include additional dynamic constraints relevant to surface currents, including imposing a zero normal velocity at the coastline, imposing a low horizontal divergence of the surface currents, temporal coherence and simplified dynamics based on the Coriolis force, and the possibility of including a surface pressure gradient. The impact of these constraints is evaluated by cross-validation using the HF (high-frequency) radar surface current observations in the Ibiza Channel from the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB). A small fraction of the radial current observations are set aside to validate the velocity reconstruction. The remaining radial currents from the two radar sites are combined to derive total surface currents using DIVAnd and then compared to the cross-validation dataset and to drifter observations. The benefit of the dynamic constraints is shown relative to a variational interpolation without these dynamical constraints. The best results were obtained using the Coriolis force and the surface pressure gradient as a constraint which are able to improve the reconstruction from the Open-boundary Modal Analysis, a quite commonly used method to interpolate HF radar observations, once multiple time instances are considered together.

Long-term observations of the group structure of surface waves in ice - Johannes Gemmrich; Todd Mudge; Jim Thomson (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Can the Intermediate Western Boundary Current recirculation trigger the Vitória Eddy formation? - Dante C. Napolitano; Cesar B. Rocha; Ilson C. A. da Silveira; Iury T. Simoes-Sousa; Glenn R. Flierl (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Correction to: Sea-state contributions to sea-level variability in the European Seas - Antonio Bonaduce; Joanna Staneva; Sebastian Grayek; Jean-Raymond Bidlot; Øyvind Breivik (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Multi-scale variability of circulation in the Gulf of Tonkin from remote sensing of surface currents by high-frequency radars - Manh Cuong Tran; Alexei Sentchev; Kim Cuong Nguyen (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Seasonal variability and dynamics of coastal sea surface temperature fronts in the East China Sea - Lu Cao; Rui Tang; Wei Huang; Yuntao Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Evaluating the accuracy and uncertainty of atmospheric and wave model hindcasts during severe events using model ensembles - Ali Abdolali; Andre van der Westhuysen; Zaizhong Ma; Avichal Mehra; Aron Roland; Saeed Moghimi (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
Various uncertainties exist in a hindcast due to the inabilities of numerical models to resolve all the complicated atmosphere-sea interactions, and the lack of certain ground truth observations. Here, a comprehensive analysis of an atmospheric model performance in hindcast mode (Hurricane Weather and Research Forecasting model—HWRF) and its 40 ensembles during severe events is conducted, evaluating the model accuracy and uncertainty for hurricane track parameters, and wind speed collected along satellite altimeter tracks and at stationary source point observations. Subsequently, the downstream spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III is forced by two sets of wind field data, each includes 40 members. The first ones are randomly extracted from original HWRF simulations and the second ones are based on spread of best track parameters. The atmospheric model spread and wave model error along satellite altimeters tracks and at stationary source point observations are estimated. The study on Hurricane Irma reveals that wind and wave observations during this extreme event are within ensemble spreads. While both Models have wide spreads over areas with landmass, maximum uncertainty in the atmospheric model is at hurricane eye in contrast to the wave model.

Laser-like wave amplification in straits - Andrei Pushkarev (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Modelling the transport of sediment discharged by Colombian rivers to the southern Caribbean Sea - Andrea Devis-Morales; Efraín Rodríguez-Rubio; Raúl Andrés Montoya-Sánchez (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Wind forcing of the Ganga-Brahmaputra river plume - Shrikant M. Pargaonkar; P. N. Vinayachandran (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Seasonal variations in the water residence time in the Bohai Sea using 3D hydrodynamic model study and the adjoint method - Chongxin Luo; Lei Lin; Jie Shi; Zhe Liu; Zhongya Cai; Xinyu Guo; Huiwang Gao (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Global tide simulations with ICON-O: testing the model performance on highly irregular meshes - Kai Logemann; Leonidas Linardakis; Peter Korn; Corinna Schrum (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
The global tide is simulated with the global ocean general circulation model ICON-O using a newly developed tidal module, which computes the full tidal potential. The simulated coastal M2 amplitudes, derived by a discrete Fourier transformation of the output sea level time series, are compared with the according values derived from satellite altimetry (TPXO-8 atlas). The experiments are repeated with four uniform and sixteen irregular triangular grids. The results show that the quality of the coastal tide simulation depends primarily on the coastal resolution and that the ocean interior can be resolved up to twenty times lower without causing considerable reductions in quality. The mesh transition zones between areas of different resolutions are formed by cell bisection and subsequent local spring optimisation tolerating a triangular cell’s maximum angle up to 84°. Numerical problems with these high-grade non-equiangular cells were not encountered. The results emphasise the numerical feasibility and potential efficiency of highly irregular computational meshes used by ICON-O.

Editorial to the Liège Colloquium Special Issue: Long-term studies in oceanography – a celebration of 50 years of science at the Liège Colloquium (1969 – 2018) - Aida Alvera-Azcárate; Charles Troupin; Hughes Goosse; Michael J. McPhaden; Jean-Marie Beckers (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Numerical modelling of intra-wave sediment transport on sandy beaches using a non-hydrostatic, wave-resolving model - Giulia Mancini; Riccardo Briganti; Robert McCall; Nicholas Dodd; Fangfang Zhu (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
The mutual feedback between the swash zone and the surf zone is known to affect large-scale morphodynamic processes such as breaker bar migration on sandy beaches. To fully resolve this feedback in a process-based manner, the morphodynamics in the swash zone and due to swash-swash interactions must be explicitly solved, e.g., by means of a wave-resolving numerical model. Currently, few existing models are able to fully resolve the complex morphodynamics in the swash zone, and none is practically applicable for engineering purposes. This work aims at improving the numerical modelling of the intra-wave sediment transport on sandy beaches in an open-source wave-resolving hydro-morphodynamic framework (e.g., non-hydrostatic XBeach). A transport equation for the intra-wave suspended sediment concentration, including an erosion and a deposition rate, is newly implemented in the model. Two laboratory experiments involving isolated waves and wave trains are simulated to analyse the performance of the model. Numerical results show overall better performance in simulating single waves rather than wave trains. For the latter, the modelling of the morphodynamic response improves in the swash zone compared with the existing sediment transport modelling approach within non-hydrostatic XBeach, while the need of including additional physical processes to better capture sediment transport and bed evolution in the surf zone is highlighted in the paper.

Extreme wave events and sampling variability - Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen; Odin Gramstad; Anne Karin Magnusson; Mika Petteri Malila (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Trends and variability of ocean waves under RCP8.5 emission scenario in the Mediterranean Sea - Francesco De Leo; Giovanni Besio; Lorenzo Mentaschi (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
Wind-generated ocean waves are key inputs for several studies and applications, both near the coast (coastal vulnerability assessment, coastal structures design, harbor operativity) and off-shore (a.o. oil and gas production, ship routes, and navigation safety). As such, the evaluation of trends in future wave climate is fundamental for the development of efficient policies in the framework of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. This study focuses on the Mediterranean Sea, an area of primary interest, since it plays a crucial role in the worldwide maritime transport and it is highly populated along all its coasts. We perform an analysis of wave climate changes using an ensemble of 7 models under emission scenario RCP8.5, over the entire Mediterranean basin. Future projections of wave climate and their variability are analyzed taking into account annual statistics of wave parameters, such as significant wave height, mean period, and mean direction. The results show, on average, a decreasing trend of significant wave height and mean period, while the wave directions may be characterized by a slight eastward shift.

Dynamics of river plumes in the South Brazilian Bight and South Brazil - Martinho Marta-Almeida; Anna Dalbosco; David Franco; Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)
The plumes from the rivers of the South Brazilian Bight (SBB) and South Brazil (SB) were studied using a realistic model configuration. River plume variability on continental shelves is driven by the input of river runoff into the shelf, by wind variability, and also by ambient currents and its seasonal variability, especially the Brazil Current, which are realistically modelled in this study. It is presented a simulation of 4 years using a nested configuration, which allows resolving the region around Florianópolis with very high resolution (∼150 m). The dispersion of river plumes was assessed not only with the hydrodynamical model results but also by using passive tracers whose dynamics was analyzed seasonally. Several dyes were released together with the river discharges. This approach allowed calculating the depths of the riverine freshwater, and the resulting regions affected by the plumes. Northward intrusions of waters from the southern region, under the potential influence of the distant La Plata river plume, were evaluated with a Lagrangian approach. The local river plumes are confined to the inner shelf, except south of 30°S where discharges from Lagoa dos Patos disperse over the shelf in the spring and summer. The Brazil Current flowing southward over the slope prevents the river plumes from interaction with oceanic mesoscale dynamics. The river plumes are, thus, mainly controlled by the wind forcing. The plumes from SBB are able to disperse until SB following the southward wind regime typical of the summer. And both the SB and La Plata river plumes are also able to reach SBB, forced by the northward wind typical of the winter season, until the latitude of 25.5°S. A low salinity belt (below 35) is present along the coastal region of SB and SBB year-round, supported by contributions from both the large and small rivers. The interaction between the different plumes influences the dispersion patterns, shielding the Florianṕolis coastal region from plumes of distant rivers, and dispersing the plume of SBB rivers away from Santa Catarina Island as it disperses southward during the summer months.

Statistics of long-crested extreme waves in single and mixed sea states - Lei Wang; Jinxuan Li; Shuxue Liu; Guillaume Ducrozet (Ocean Dynamics, 2021)

Case studies on the parameterization schemes of sea ice fragmentation for ocean waves - Xiying Liu; Guanghong Liao; Chenchen Lu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Comparison of momentum roughness lengths of the WRF-SWAN online coupling and WRF model in simulation of tropical cyclone Gonu - Mehriar Alimohammadi; Hossein Malakooti; Maryam Rahbani (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Oblique sand ridges in confined tidal channels due to Coriolis and frictional torques - Tjebbe M. Hepkema; Huib E. de Swart; Abdel Nnafie; George P. Schramkowski; Henk M. Schuttelaars (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
The role of the Coriolis effect in the initial formation of bottom patterns in a tidal channel is studied by means of a linear stability analysis. The key finding is that the mechanism generating oblique tidal sand ridges on the continental shelf is also present in confined tidal channels. As a result, the Coriolis effect causes the fastest growing pattern to be a combination of tidal bars and oblique tidal sand ridges. Similar as on the continental shelf, the Coriolis-induced torques cause anticyclonic residual circulations around the ridges, which lead to the accumulation of sand above the ridges. Furthermore, an asymptotic analysis indicates that the maximum growth rate of the bottom perturbation is slightly increased by the Coriolis effect, while its preferred wavelength is hardly influenced.

Cold water anomalies in the middle layer of the northern Taiwan Strait in spring—a numerical approach - Zhonghua Zhao; Jianwei Lin; Jun Fu; Yuwu Jiang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Sea-state contributions to sea-level variability in the European Seas - Antonio Bonaduce; Joanna Staneva; Sebastian Grayek; Jean-Raymond Bidlot; Øyvind Breivik (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
The contribution of sea-state-induced processes to sea-level variability is investigated through ocean-wave coupled simulations. These experiments are performed with a high-resolution configuration of the Geestacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST), implemented in the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea which are considered as connected basins. The GCOAST system accounts for wave-ocean interactions and the ocean circulation relies on the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model, while ocean-wave simulations are performed using the spectral wave model WAM. The objective is to demonstrate the contribution of wave-induced processes to sea level at different temporal and spatial scales of variability. When comparing the ocean-wave coupled experiment with in situ data, a significant reduction of the errors (up to 40 % in the North Sea) is observed, compared with the reference. Spectral analysis shows that the reduction of the errors is mainly due to an improved representation of sea-level variability at temporal scales up to 12 h. Investigating the representation of sea-level extremes in the experiments, significant contributions (> 20 % ) due to wave-induced processes are observed both over continental shelf areas and in the Atlantic, associated with different patterns of variability. Sensitivity experiments to the impact of the different wave-induced processes show a major impact of wave-modified surface stress over the shelf areas in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Atlantic, the signature of wave-induced processes is driven by the interaction of wave-modified momentum flux and turbulent mixing, and it shows its impact to the occurrence of mesoscale features of the ocean circulation. Wave-induced energy fluxes also have a role (10 % ) in the modulation of surge at the shelf break.

Spectral wave modeling of tsunami waves in Pohang New Harbor (South Korea) and Paradip Port (India) - Rupali; Prashant Kumar; Rajni (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Multistatic estimation of high-frequency radar surface currents in the region of Toulon - Dylan Dumas; Anthony Gramoullé; Charles-Antoine Guérin; Anne Molcard; Yann Ourmières; Bruno Zakardjian (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Deep circulation in the South China Sea simulated in a regional model - Xiaolong Zhao; Chun Zhou; Xiaobiao Xu; Ruijie Ye; Wei Zhao (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Water exchange between the inner and outer archipelago areas of the Finnish Archipelago Sea in the Baltic Sea - Elina Miettunen; Laura Tuomi; Kai Myrberg (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
We studied the water age and transport of passive tracers in the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea, using the COHERENS 3D hydrodynamic model and the OpenDrift Lagrangian particle model. The mean water age, which was calculated with COHERENS over a period of 6 years, varied between 1 and 3 months in the outer archipelago and between 3 and 6 months in the middle archipelago. The water age was highest in the inner archipelago, up to 7 months. As the density stratification is weak in large parts of this area, except for the seasonal thermocline, significant differences in the water age between the surface and bottom layers were seen only in the river mouths and in the deep channels of the middle archipelago. The Lagrangian particle simulations showed that the middle archipelago is more open towards the north than south. From the northern boundary, the Bothnian Sea, the largest transport to the middle archipelago occurred with NW winds. Due to the geometry and density of the islands in the area, the prevailing wind direction, SW, alone is not optimal for transporting tracer particles to the middle archipelago. From the southern boundary, the Baltic Proper, transport to the middle archipelago occurred mainly with SE winds and during events when the wind direction shifted from SW to SE or vice versa. The transport further into the inner archipelago was limited to only a few cases, indicating that the inner archipelago is fairly sheltered from transport from the outer archipelago.

Assessment of global wave models on regular and unstructured grids using the Unresolved Obstacles Source Term - Lorenzo Mentaschi; Michalis Vousdoukas; Tomas Fernandez Montblanc; Georgia Kakoulaki; Evangelos Voukouvalas; Giovanni Besio; Peter Salamon (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
The Unresolved Obstacles Source Term (UOST) is a general methodology for parameterizing the dissipative effects of subscale islands, cliffs, and other unresolved features in ocean wave models. Since it separates the dissipation from the energy advection scheme, it can be applied to any numerical scheme or any type of mesh. UOST is now part of the official release of WAVEWATCH III, and the freely available package alphaBetaLab automates the estimation of the parameters needed for the obstructed cells. In this contribution, an assessment of global regular and unstructured (triangular) wave models employing UOST is presented. The results in regular meshes show an improvement in model skill, both in terms of spectrum and of integrated parameters, thanks to the UOST modulation of the dissipation with wave direction, and to considering the cell geometry. The improvement is clear in wide areas characterized by the presence of islands, like the whole central-western Pacific Basin. In unstructured meshes, the use of UOST removes the need of high resolution in proximity of all small features, leading to (a) a simplification in the development process of large scale and global meshes, and (b) a significant decrease of the computational demand of accurate large-scale models.

Altimetry-derived ocean thermal structure reconstruction for the Bay of Bengal cyclone season - Fangjie Yu; Xuan Zhang; Xin Chen; Ge Chen (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Salt intrusion and its controls in the macro-tidal Oujiang River Estuary, China - Yichun Li; Jingui Liu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Field observations of sea spray under Tropical Cyclone Olwyn - Hongyu Ma; Alexander V. Babanin; Fangli Qiao (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Reproducibility and variability of submesoscale frontal eddies on a broad, low-energy shelf of freshwater influence - Daijiro Kobashi; Robert Hetland (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Estimates of wind power and radiative near-inertial internal wave flux - Georg S. Voelker; Dirk Olbers; Maren Walter; Christian Mertens; Paul G. Myers (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Energy transfer mechanisms between the atmosphere and the deep ocean have been studied for many years. Their importance to the ocean’s energy balance and possible implications on mixing are widely accepted. The slab model by Pollard (Deep-Sea Res Oceanogr Abstr 17(4):795–812, 1970) is a well-established simulation of near-inertial motion and energy inferred through wind-ocean interaction. Such a model is set up with hourly wind forcing from the NCEP-CFSR reanalysis that allows computations up to high latitudes without loss of resonance. Augmenting the one-dimensional model with the horizontal divergence of the near-inertial current field leads to direct estimates of energy transfer spectra of internal wave radiation from the mixed layer base into the ocean interior. Calculations using this hybrid model are carried out for the North Atlantic during the years 1989 and 1996, which are associated with positive and negative North Atlantic Oscillation index, respectively. Results indicate a range of meridional regimes with distinct energy transfer ratios. These are interpreted in terms of the mixed layer depth, the buoyancy frequency at the mixed layer base, and the wind field structure. The average ratio of radiated energy fluxes from the mixed layer to near-inertial wind power for both years is approximately 12%. The dependence on the wind structure is supported by simulations of idealized wind stress fronts with variable width and translation speeds.

Analysis of waves observed by synthetic aperture radar across ocean fronts - Weizeng Shao; Xingwei Jiang; Ferdinando Nunziata; Armando Marino; Zhehao Yang; Youguang Zhang; Valeria Corcione (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

An eddy-borne Argo float measurement experiment in the South China Sea - Chunyong Ma; Zhanwen Gao; Siqing Li; Shuo Li; Ge Chen (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The imprint of the ENSO activities on the South China Sea wave climate - Xuechao Wang; Qin-Yan Liu; Dandan Sui; Dongxiao Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Editorial to the INTERCOH 2017 topical collection - Francisco Pedocchi; Carl Friedrichs (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Projection and detection of climate change impact on fatigue damage of offshore floating structures operating in three offshore oil fields of the North Sea - Tao Zou; Miroslaw Lech Kaminski (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Hourly maximum individual wave height in the Indian shelf seas—its spatial and temporal variations in the recent 40 years - V. Sanil Kumar; Jesbin George; Duphrin Joseph (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Targeted observation analysis of the tides and currents in a Coastal Marine Proving Ground - Jiali Zhang; Anmin Zhang; Xuefeng Zhang; Liang Zhang; Dong Li; Zheqi Shen; Chaohui Sun (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Tidal impacts on downstream hydraulic geometry of a tide-influenced delta - Xiaomei Ji; Wei Zhang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Bioluminescence potential modeling during polar night in the Arctic: impact of advection versus local sources - Igor Shulman; Mark A. Moline; Jonathan H. Cohen; Stephanie Anderson; E. Joseph Metzger; Clark Rowley (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Correction to: Gulf Stream evolution through the Straits of Florida: the role of eddies and upwelling near Cuba - Yannis Androulidakis; Vassiliki Kourafalou; Matthieu Le Hénaff; Heesook Kang; Nektaria Ntaganou; Chuamnin Hu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Development of a coupled atmosphere–ocean typhoon regional assimilation and prediction system for operational typhoon forecasting by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences—part I: experiments of Western North Pacific typhoons in 2016 - Xin Liu; Yihong Duan; Zimo Huo (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Surface wave spectral properties of centimeter to decameter wavelengths: variable spectral slope and non-equilibrium spectrum - Paul A. Hwang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Climate drivers of directional wave power on the Mexican coast - Itxaso Odériz; Rodolfo Silva; Thomas R. Mortlock; Edgar Mendoza (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

A multi-scale approach for simulating tidal marsh evolution - Karinna Nunez; Yinglong J. Zhang; Julie Herman; William Reay; Carlton Hershner (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Tide modeling using partial least squares regression - Onuwa Okwuashi; Christopher Ndehedehe; Hosanna Attai (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The interannual variabilities of chlorophyll and nutrients in San Francisco Bay: a modeling study - Zhengui Wang; Fei Chai; Richard Dugdale; Qianqian Liu; Huijie Xue; Frances Wilkerson; Yi Chao; Yinglong Zhang; Hongchun Zhang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Bayesian inference of spatially varying Manning’s n coefficients in an idealized coastal ocean model using a generalized Karhunen-Loève expansion and polynomial chaos - Adil Siripatana; Olivier Le Maitre; Omar Knio; Clint Dawson; Ibrahim Hoteit (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

A wind-driven model of the ocean surface layer with wave radiation physics - Dirk Olbers; Philipp Jurgenowski; Carsten Eden (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Surface windstress transfers energy to the surface mixed layer of the ocean, and this energy partly radiates as internal gravity waves with near-inertial frequencies into the stratified ocean below the mixed layer where it is available for mixing. Numerical and analytical models provide estimates of the energy transfer into the mixed layer and the fraction radiated into the interior, but with large uncertainties, which we aim to reduce in the present study. An analytical slab model of the mixed layer used before in several studies is extended by consistent physics of wave radiation into the interior. Rayleigh damping, controlling the physics of the original slab model, is absent in the extended model and the wave-induced pressure gradient is resolved. The extended model predicts the energy transfer rates, both in physical and wavenumber-frequency space, associated with the wind forcing, dissipation in the mixed layer, and wave radiation at the base as function of a few parameters: mixed layer depth, Coriolis frequency and Brunt-Väisälä frequency below the mixed layer, and parameters of the applied windstress spectrum. The results of the model are satisfactorily validated with a realistic numerical model of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Gulf Stream evolution through the Straits of Florida: the role of eddies and upwelling near Cuba - Yannis Androulidakis; Vassiliki Kourafalou; Matthieu Le Hénaff; Heesook Kang; Nektaria Ntaganou; Chuamnin Hu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Tidal response to sea level rise and bathymetric changes in the German Wadden Sea - Benno Wachler; Rita Seiffert; Caroline Rasquin; Frank Kösters (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Tidally dominated coasts are directly affected not only by projected rise in mean sea level, but also by changes in tidal dynamics due to sea level rise and bathymetric changes. By use of a hydrodynamic model, which covers the entire German Bight (South-Eastern North Sea), we analyse the effects of sea level rise and potential bathymetric changes in the Wadden Sea on tidal current velocities. The model results indicate that tidal current velocities in the tidal inlets and channels of the Wadden Sea are increased in response to sea level rise. This is explained by the increased ratio of tidal prism to tidal inlet cross-sectional area, which is due to the characteristic hypsometry of tidal basins in the Wadden Sea including wide and shallow tidal flats and relatively narrow tidal channels. The results further indicate that sea level rise decreases ebb dominance and increases flood dominance in tidal channels. This is, amongst others, related to a decreased intertidal area again demonstrating the strong interaction between tidal wave and tidal basin hypsometry in the Wadden Sea. The bathymetry scenario defined in this study includes elevated tidal flats and deepened tidal channels, which is considered a potential future situation under accelerated sea level rise. Application of these bathymetric changes to the model mostly compensates the effects of sea level rise. Furthermore, changes in current velocity due to the altered bathymetry are in the same order of magnitude as changes due to mean sea level rise. This highlights the significance of considering potential bathymetric changes in the Wadden Sea for regional projections of the tidal response to sea level rise.

Applying the adjoint-free 4dVar assimilation to modeling the Kuroshio south of Japan - Yasumasa Miyazawa; Max Yaremchuk; Sergey M. Varlamov; Toru Miyama; Kunihiro Aoki (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Operational ocean nowcast/forecast systems require real-time sampling of oceanic data for representing realistic oceanic conditions. Satellite altimetry plays a key role in detecting mesoscale variability of the ocean currents. The 10-day sampling period and horizontal gaps between the altimetry tracks of 100 km cause difficulties in capturing shorter-term/smaller-scale ocean current variations. Operational systems based on a three-dimensional variational method (3dVar) do not take into account temporal variability of the data within data assimilation time windows. Four-dimensional data assimilation technique is considered as a possible tool for more efficient utilization of the observations arriving from satellite altimeters by the dynamically constrained interpolation. In this study, we develop and test the performance of the adjoint-free four-dimensional variational method (a4dVar) for operational use in regional models. Numerical experiments targeting the Kuroshio path variations south of Japan demonstrate that the a4dVar scheme dynamically corrects the initial condition so as to effectively reduce the satellite altimetry data misfit during a 9-day time window. The corrected initial condition further contributes to improvements in the skill of reconstruction of the Kuroshio path variation in a 30-day lead hindcast run.

Variability of water exchanges through the Strait of Hormuz - Panagiotis Vasou; Vassilios Vervatis; George Krokos; Ibrahim Hoteit; Sarantis Sofianos (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The hydrodynamic foundation for salmon lice dispersion modeling along the Norwegian coast - Lars Asplin; Jon Albretsen; Ingrid Askeland Johnsen; Anne Dagrun Sandvik (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Norway has complicated dynamics in the coastal ocean and in the fjords. In this area is also the largest salmon aquaculture industry in the world. The salmon industry is valuable for Norwegian economy worth more than 60 billion NOK. Thus, it is important to know the physical oceanography along the coast, even variability on short temporal and spatial scales (h/km), to be able to quantify environmental effects of the aquaculture industry. This is the motivation behind the implementation of a current model covering the whole coast of Norway with a relatively high spatial grid size of 800 m. The NorKyst800 is an implementation of the ROMS current model with an elaborated system of forcing and boundary conditions. This model has an important role for Norwegian authorities in various management purposes. We show that the NorKyst800 results are realistic and typically deviating at most by 1 °C and one unit in salinity from observations. The currents in the upper 10–20 m of the water column vary in a similar way as observed current and the agreement is good. The usefulness of a tool like the NorKyst800 is illustrated by an example of dispersion of salmon lice which is the biggest problem the salmon industry presently is facing. Detailed information, as can be provided by NorKyst800, is needed to fully understand and quantify environmental effects of the aquaculture industry. Similar modeling systems describing the planktonic salmon lice concentration operationally could be beneficial also in other salmon-producing countries like Scotland, Canada, or Chile. The major requirement will be access to updated number of fish and female lice per fish on a weekly time scale.

Modeling the ice-attenuated waves in the Great Lakes - Peng Bai; Jia Wang; Philip Chu; Nathan Hawley; Ayumi Fujisaki-Manome; James Kessler; Brent M. Lofgren; Dmitry Beletsky; Eric J. Anderson; Yaru Li (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

An experimental comparison of the velocities and energies of focused spilling waves in deep water - Yuanyuan Xu; Shuxiu Liang; Zhaochen Sun; Qingren Xue; Xiaoqi Bi (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Modeling multiple wave systems in the eastern equatorial Pacific - Jesús Portilla-Yandún; Andrés Salazar; Jeison Sosa; Sadid Latandret; Luigi Cavaleri (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Using a naive Bayes classifier to explore the factors driving the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis blooms in a southeastern Mediterranean lagoon - Wafa Feki-Sahnoun; Hasna Njah; Asma Hamza; Nouha Barraj; Mabrouka Mahfoudi; Ahmed Rebai; Malika Bel Hassen (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

On the use of long-term observation of water level and temperature along the shore for a better understanding of the dynamics: example of Toulon area, France - Vincent Rey; Christiane Dufresne; Jean-Luc Fuda; Didier Mallarino; Tathy Missamou; Caroline Paugam; Gilles Rougier; Isabelle Taupier-Letage (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Interannual variability of wave climate in the Caribbean Sea - Marco J. Vega; Oscar Alvarez-Silva; Juan C. Restrepo; Juan C. Ortiz; Luis J. Otero (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The impact of the planetary β-effect on the vertical structure of a coherent vortex in the South China Sea - Shengmu Yang; Jiuxing Xing; Jinyu Sheng; Shengli Chen; Jiwei Tian; Daoyi Chen (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Short-term, linear, and non-linear local effects of the tides on the surface dynamics in a new, high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea circulation - Massimiliano Palma; Roberto Iacono; Gianmaria Sannino; Andrea Bargagli; Adriana Carillo; Balazs M. Fekete; Emanuele Lombardi; Ernesto Napolitano; Giovanna Pisacane; Maria Vittoria Struglia (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The vertical mixing induced by winds and tides over the Yellow Sea in summer: a numerical study in 2012 - Qingjun Meng; Peiliang Li; Fangguo Zhai; Yanzhen Gu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The 10th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2018) in Santos, Brazil, June 25–28, 2018 - Tal Ezer; Ricardo de Camargo; Clemente A. S. Tanajura; Fanghua Xu; Huijie Xue (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Low-frequency sea level variability and impact of recent sea ice decline on the sea level trend in the Arctic Ocean from a high-resolution simulation - Kai Xiao; Meixiang Chen; Qiang Wang; Xuezhu Wang; Wenhao Zhang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

On evaluating the effect of assimilating glider-observed T/S profiles with different horizontal resolutions and assimilation frequencies - Yuhang Zhu; Yineng Li; Shiqiu Peng (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Correction to: Numerical investigation on special modes with narrow amplification diagram in harbor oscillations - Xiaozhou Ma; Zhenjun Zheng; Xiang Zhang; Guohai Dong (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Hydrodynamics of Canal Istanbul and its impact in the northern Sea of Marmara under extreme conditions - Şehriban Saçu; Tarkan Erdik; Emil V. Stanev; Olgay Şen; Jasna Duricic Erdik; İzzet Öztürk (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Correction to: Mesoscale and submesoscale mechanisms behind asymmetric cooling and phytoplankton blooms induced by hurricanes: a comparison between an open ocean case and a continental shelf sea case - Laura McGee; Ruoying He (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Thermal structure of hot events and their possible role in maintaining the warm isothermal layer in the Western Pacific warm pool - Anindya Wirasatriya; Hiroshi Kawamura; Muhammad Helmi; Denny Nugroho Sugianto; Teruhisa Shimada; Kohtaro Hosoda; Gentur Handoyo; Yoppik Disma Girindra Putra; Magaly Koch (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Modeling the westward transversal current in the southern Yellow Sea entrance: a case study in winter 2007 - Yang Ding; Xianwen Bao; Lingling Zhou; Congcong Bi; Zhigang Yao; Chao Ma; Qinqin Chu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Analytical solution to the 3D tide-induced Lagrangian residual current in a narrow bay with vertically varying eddy viscosity coefficient - Yang Chen; Yanxing Cui; Xiaoxuan Sheng; Wensheng Jiang; Shizuo Feng (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Evolution of internal solitary waves on the slope-shelf topography in the northern South China Sea - Shuya Wang; Jing Meng; Qun Li; Xu Chen (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Momentum and heat transfer across the foam-covered air-sea interface in hurricanes - Ephim Golbraikh; Yuri M. Shtemler (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

An adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for the simulation of hurricane storm surge - Nicole Beisiegel; Stefan Vater; Jörn Behrens; Frédéric Dias (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Numerical simulations based on solving the 2D shallow water equations using a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretisation have evolved to be a viable tool for many geophysical applications. In the context of flood modelling, however, they have not yet been methodologically studied to a large extent. Systematic model testing is non-trivial as no comprehensive collection of numerical test cases exists to ensure the correctness of the implementation. Hence, the first part of this manuscript aims at collecting test cases from the literature that are generally useful for storm surge modellers and can be used to benchmark codes. On geographic scale, hurricane storm surge can be interpreted as a localised phenomenon making it ideally suited for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). Past studies employing dynamic AMR have exclusively focused on nested meshes. For that reason, we have developed a DG storm surge model on a triangular and dynamically adaptive mesh. In order to increase computational efficiency, the refinement is driven by physics-based refinement indicators capturing major model sensitivities. Using idealised numerical test cases, we demonstrate the model’s ability to correctly represent all source terms and reproduce known variability of coastal flooding with respect to hurricane characteristics such as size and approach speed. Finally, the adaptive mesh significantly reduces computing time with no effect on storm waves measured at discrete wave gauges just off the coast which shows the model’s potential for use as a robust simulation tool for real-time predictions.

Numerical modeling of Maranhão Gulf tidal circulation and power density distribution - Anthea Czizeweski; Felipe Mendonça Pimenta; Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Interactions between barotropic tides and mesoscale processes in deep ocean and shelf regions - Emil Vassilev Stanev; Marcel Ricker (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
The interactions between barotropic tides and mesoscale processes were studied using the results of a numerical model in which tidal forcing was turned on and off. The research area covered part of the East Atlantic Ocean, a steep continental slope, and the European Northwest Shelf. Tides affected the baroclinic fields at much smaller spatial scales than the barotropic tidal scales. Changes in the horizontal patterns of the M 2 and M 4 tidal constituents provided information about the two-way interactions between barotropic tides and mesoscale processes. The interaction between the atmosphere and ocean measured by the work done by wind was also affected by the barotropic tidal forcing. Tidal forcing intensified the transient processes and resulted in a substantial transformation of the wave number spectra in the transition areas from the deep ocean to the shelf. Tides flattened the sea-surface height spectra down to ~ k −2.5 power law, thus reflecting the large contribution of the processes in the high-frequency range compared to quasi-geostrophic motion. The spectra along sections parallel or normal to the continental slope differ from each other, which indicates that mesoscale turbulence was not isotropic. An analysis of the vorticity spectra showed that the flattening was mostly due to internal tides. Compared with the deep ocean, no substantial scale selectivity was observed on the shelf area. Particle tracking showed that the lengths of the Lagrangian trajectories increased by approximately 40% if the barotropic tidal forcing was activated, which contributed to changed mixing properties. The ratio between the horizontal and vertical scales of motion varied regionally depending on whether barotropic tidal forcing was included. The overall conclusion is that the barotropic tides affect substantially the diapycnal mixing.

Oceanic response to Hurricane Irma (2017) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico - Dailé Avila-Alonso; Jan M. Baetens; Rolando Cardenas; Bernard De Baets (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Remote sensing linear trends of the Gulf Stream from 1993 to 2016 - Wen-Zhou Zhang; Fei Chai; Huijie Xue; Lie-Yauw Oey (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Simulating compound flooding events in a hurricane - Yinglong J. Zhang; Fei Ye; Haocheng Yu; Weiling Sun; Saeed Moghimi; Edward Myers; Karinna Nunez; Ruoyin Zhang; Harry Wang; Aron Roland; Jiabi Du; Zhuo Liu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Improvements in turbulence model realizability for enhanced stability of ocean forecast and its importance for downstream components - Thorger Brüning (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
The numerical stability of ocean circulation models is of high significance in operational forecasting. A substantial improvement in numerical stability of the 3D-ocean model HBM could be achieved by the implementation of new realizability criteria in the turbulence closure scheme. Realizability criteria which were already well documented for closure functions without double diffusion were therefore extended to those using double diffusion. A purely technical validation method called ε-test which is suitable for the detection of numerical stability problems is presented, and the effect of the development in turbulence model is demonstrated under severe weather conditions during extreme storm events. Evaluation of statistics of longer simulations indicate that instabilities appeared only locally and temporary; nevertheless, a significant impact on drift products relying on the current forecasts could be demonstrated, which underlines the importance of realizability in turbulence closure schemes in comprehensive operational model systems including ocean circulation and downstream drift components.

Water dynamics in the western Bering Sea and its impact on chlorophyll a concentration - Andrey G. Andreev; Maxim V. Budyansky; Gennady V. Khen; Michael Yu. Uleysky (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Correction to: Observation of submesoscale turbulence in a cyclonic eddy - Yongchui Zhang; Changming Dong; Xi Chen; Yang Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Comparison of several high-order advection schemes for vertex-based triangular discretization - Margarita Smolentseva; Sergey Danilov (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Detection of fluid mud layers using tuning fork, dual-frequency echo sounder, and chirp sub-bottom measurements - Juliane Castro Carneiro; Marcos N. Gallo; Susana B. Vinzón (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Observation of submesoscale turbulence in a cyclonic eddy - Yongchui Zhang; Changming Dong; Xi Chen; Yang Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Intensive use of Lagrangian trajectories to quantify coastal area dispersion - Sébastien Petton; Stéphane Pouvreau; Franck Dumas (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Historical overview of 2D and 3D hydrodynamic modelling of shallow water flows in the Netherlands - Erik D. De Goede (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Historical and future development of the tidally averaged transport of sandy sediments in the Scheldt estuary: a 2D exploratory model - Thomas Boelens; Henk Schuttelaars; Yves Plancke; Tom De Mulder (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Sediment dynamics and transport regimes in a narrow microtidal estuary - Rooni Mathew; Johan C. Winterwerp (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Estuarine sediment dynamics are a consequence of various forcings (barotropic, estuarine circulation, and fluvial) that vary in space and time. Here, we present a study examining sediment dynamics in a narrow microtidal estuary, the Lower Passaic River in New Jersey, USA. The analysis incorporates measurements of suspended sediments, morphological change, sediment erodibility, and a numerical hydrodynamic model. The former two datasets are used to develop an understanding of sediment dynamics over the full range of hydrologic conditions, and the latter two datasets are used to interpret the behavior of the system. Subsequently, a conceptual picture is developed, one that classifies the morphological status of the system at any given time into three regimes dependent on river flow—regime I includes conditions when the system is importing sediments, regime II includes conditions when the system is exporting sediments by flushing a thin easily erodible surficial stratum termed the fluff layer, and regime III includes conditions when the system is exporting sediments by scouring more consolidated strata underneath the fluff layer. Regime III is relevant for the long-term morphodynamic equilibrium of the estuary by providing a mechanism that erodes and exports sediment accumulated under regime I conditions. Consequently, sediment dynamics depend not only on short time-scale processes such as the instantaneous river flow rate, but also on the time-history of river flow, and the long-term morphological progression of the system. These regimes represent a conceptualization of estuarine sediment transport dynamics and can be useful in the development of effective estuarine sediment management strategies.

Mixed layer deepening due to wind-induced shear-driven turbulence and scaling of the deepening rate in the stratified ocean - Yusuke Ushijima; Yutaka Yoshikawa (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Genetic algorithms to determine JONSWAP spectra parameters - Juan Gabriel Rueda-Bayona; Andrés Guzmán; Rodolfo Silva (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

A non-breaking-wave-generated turbulence mixing scheme for a global ocean general circulation model - Zhanpeng Zhuang; Quanan Zheng; Yeli Yuan; Guangbing Yang; Xinhua Zhao (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Impact of different sea surface roughness on surface gravity waves using a coupled atmosphere–wave model: a case of Hurricane Isaac (2012) - Rajesh Kumar R; Sandeepan BS; David M Holland (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Observed spectrum in the South China Sea during storms - Mohamed Latheef; Mohd Nasir Abdullah; Mohd Faieez Mohd Jupri (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Structure and dynamics of undercurrents in the western boundary current of the Bay of Bengal - Pavanathara Augustine Francis; Abraham Kaduvathazham Jithin; Abhisek Chatterjee; Arnab Mukherjee; Doraiswamy Shankar; Puthenveettil Narayanamenon Vinayachandran; Surireddi Satya Venkata Siva Ramakrishna (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Slow persistent mixing in the abyss - Hans van Haren (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Interaction impacts of tides, waves and winds on storm surge in a channel-island system: observational and numerical study in Yangshan Harbor - Zhiguo He; Yanling Tang; Yuezhang Xia; Baode Chen; Jie Xu; Zhuzhu Yu; Li Li (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

A coupled model analyses on the interaction between oceanic eddies and tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal - Thanka Swamy Anandh; Bijan Kumar Das; J. Kuttippurath; Arun Chakraborty (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

High-resolution modelling of a coastal harbour in the presence of strong tides and significant river runoff - Jean-Philippe Paquin; Youyu Lu; Stephanne Taylor; Hauke Blanken; Guillaume Marcotte; Xianmin Hu; Li Zhai; Simon Higginson; Shannon Nudds; Jérôme Chanut; Gregory C. Smith; Natacha Bernier; et al. (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
In the context of Canada’s Ocean Protection Plan (OPP), improved coastal and near-shore modelling is needed to enhance marine safety and emergency response capacity in the aquatic environment. In this study, the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) is adopted to develop an ocean forecasting system for Saint John harbour in the Bay of Fundy, on the east coast of Canada. The challenging regional oceanography is characterized by the presence of some of the world’s strongest tides, significant river runoff and complicated geometry. A three-level one-way nesting approach is used to downscale from a 1/12° North Atlantic-Arctic regional model to very-high-resolution port-scale around Saint John harbour. The three nested grids cover the outer shelf, the Bay of Fundy and finally the approach to the harbour with resolutions of 2.5 km, 500 m and 100 m respectively. Due to the lack of accurate runoff data at the Saint John River outlet, the model’s lateral open boundary condition is modified to introduce the river forcing with the observed time series of water level near the mouth of the river. Evaluation with observational data demonstrates the model’s accuracy for the simulation of tidal elevation and currents, non-tidal water level and currents, temperature and salinity. Comparison with the observed sea surface temperature demonstrates the improved model accuracy through increasing the horizontal resolution. Virtual Lagrangian trajectories computed using the modelled surface currents and including wind effects show good agreement with the observed trajectories of different types of surface drifters. This study demonstrates the capability of the NEMO modelling framework to provide very-high-resolution modelling at port-scale resolution for the Saint John harbour.

Global assessments of the NCEP Ensemble Forecast System using altimeter data - Ricardo Martins Campos; Jose-Henrique G.M. Alves; Stephen G. Penny; Vladimir Krasnopolsky (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Correction to: Experimental investigation of internal tides generated by finite-height topography - Shuya Wang; Xu Chen; Jinhu Wang; Jing Meng (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Seasonal and interannual variability of vertical turbulent exchange coefficient in the Black Sea pycnocline in 2013–2016 and its relation to variability of mean kinetic energy of surface currents - Oleg Podymov; Andrei Zatsepin; Arseny Kubryakov; Alexander Ostrovskii (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Simulating vegetation effects on flows in 3D using an unstructured grid model: model development and validation - Yinglong J. Zhang; Nathan Gerdts; Eli Ateljevich; Kijin Nam (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The 8th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics, Helsingør, Denmark, 12-16 June, 2017 - Troels Aagaard; Aart Kroon; David R. Fuhrman (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Experimental and analytical investigation of the response of a mud layer to solitary waves - Mohsen Soltanpour; S. Hadi Shamsnia; Tomoya Shibayama; Ryota Nakamura (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Impact of multiple tidal forcing on the simulation of the M2 internal tides in the northern South China Sea - Zheng Guo; Anzhou Cao; Xianqing Lv; Jinbao Song (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

An operational forecasting system for physical processes in the Santos-Sao Vicente-Bertioga Estuarine System, Southeast Brazil - Carine G. R. Costa; José Roberto B. Leite; Belmiro M. Castro; Alan F. Blumberg; Nickitas Georgas; Marcelo Dottori; Antoni Jordi (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Multi-platform model assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea: impact of downscaling on the surface circulation and mesoscale activity - Eva Aguiar; Baptiste Mourre; Mélanie Juza; Emma Reyes; Jaime Hernández-Lasheras; Eugenio Cutolo; Evan Mason; Joaquín Tintoré (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
In numerical ocean modeling, dynamical downscaling is the approach consisting in generating high-resolution regional simulations exploiting the information from coarser resolution models for initial and boundary conditions. Here we evaluate the impacts of downscaling the 1/16 o (~ 6–7 km) CMEMS Mediterranean reanalysis model solution into a high-resolution 2-km free-run simulation over the Western Mediterranean basin, focusing on the surface circulation and mesoscale activity. Multi-platform observations from satellite-borne altimeters, high-frequency radar, fixed moorings, and gliders are used for this evaluation, providing insights into the variability from basin to coastal scales. Results show that the downscaling leads to an improvement of the time-averaged surface circulation, especially in the topographically complex area of the Balearic Sea. In particular, the path of the Balearic current is improved in the high-resolution model, also positively affecting transports through the Ibiza Channel. While the high-resolution model produces a similar number of large eddies as CMEMS Med Rea and altimetry, it generates a much larger number of small-scale eddies. Looking into the variability, in the absence of data assimilation, the high-resolution model is not able to properly reproduce the observed phases of mesoscale structures, especially in the southern part of the domain. This negatively affects the representation of the variability of the surface currents interacting with these eddies, highlighting the importance of data assimilation in the high-resolution ocean model in this region to constrain the evolution of these mesoscale structures.

Wind and wave height climate from two decades of altimeter records on the Chilean Coast (15°–56.5° S) - Dernis Mediavilla; Héctor Hito Sepúlveda; Guadalupe Alonso (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Analysis of the changing patterns of seasonal flooding along the U.S. East Coast - Tal Ezer (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The importance of wind forcing in fjord wave modelling - Konstantinos Christakos; Birgitte R. Furevik; Ole Johan Aarnes; Øyvind Breivik; Laura Tuomi; Øyvind Byrkjedal (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
Accurate predictions of surface ocean waves in coastal areas are important for a number of marine activities. In complex coastlines with islands and fjords, the quality of wind forcing significantly affects the results. We investigate the role of wind forcing on wave conditions in a fjord system partly exposed to open sea. For this reason, we implemented the wave model SWAN at the west coast of Norway using four different wind forcing. Wind and wave estimates were compared with observations from five measurement sites. The best results in terms of significant wave height are found at the sites exposed to offshore conditions using a wind input that is biased slightly high compared with the buoy observations. Positively biased wind input, on the other hand, leads to significant overestimation of significant wave height in more sheltered locations. The model also shows a poorer performance for mean wave period in these locations. Statistical results are supported by two case studies which also illustrate the effect of high spatial resolution in wind forcing. Detailed wind forcing is necessary in order to obtain a realistic wind field in complex fjord terrain, but wind channelling and lee effects may have unpredictable effects on the wave simulations. Pure wave propagation (no wind forcing) is not able to reproduce the highest significant wave height in any of the locations.

Analysis of one-dimensional models for exchange flows under strong stratification - Steven J. Kaptein; Koen J. van de Wal; Leon P. J. Kamp; Vincenzo Armenio; Herman J. H. Clercx; Matias Duran-Matute (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)
One-dimensional models of exchange flows driven by horizontal density gradients are well known for performing poorly in situations with weak turbulent mixing. The main issue with these models is that the horizontal density gradient is usually imposed as a constant, leading to non-physically high stratification known as runaway stratification. Here, we propose two new parametrizations of the horizontal density gradient leading to one-dimensional models able to tackle strongly stratified exchange flows at high and low Schmidt number values. The models are extensively tested against results from laminar two-dimensional simulations and are shown to outperform the models using the classical constant parametrization for the horizontal density gradients. Four different flow regimes are found by exploring the parameter space defined by the gravitational Reynolds number Re g , the Schmidt number Sc, and the aspect ratio of the channel Γ. For small values of Re g Γ, when diffusion dominates, all models perform well. However, as Re g Γ increases, two clearly distinct regimes emerge depending on the Sc value, with an equally clear distinction of the performance of the one-dimensional models.

Numerical investigation on special modes with narrow amplification diagram in harbor oscillations - Xiouzhou Ma; Zhenjun Zheng; Xiang Zhang; Guohai Dong (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Analysis of surface chlorophyll a associated with sea surface temperature and surface wind in the South China Sea - Hong-Ngu T. Huynh; Aida Alvera-Azcárate; Jean-Marie Beckers (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Roles of atmospheric variabilities in the formation of the Indian Ocean Dipole - Yuya Baba (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

The 9th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2017) in Seoul, Korea, July 3–6, 2017 - Lie-Yauw Oey; Yign Noh; Jarle Berntsen; Sung Yong Kim; Humio Mitsudera; Tal Ezer (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Model sensitivity experiments on data assimilation, downscaling and tides for the representation of the Cape São Tomé Eddies - Rafael Santana; Filipe B. Costa; Davi Mignac; Alex N. Santana; Vitor F. da S. Vidal; Jiang Zhu; Clemente A. S. Tanajura (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

On the role of physical processes on the surface chlorophyll variability in the Northern Mozambique Channel - Avelino A. A. Langa; Paulo H. R. Calil (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Observing system experiments over the Atlantic Ocean with the REMO ocean data assimilation system (RODAS) into HYCOM - Clemente A. S. Tanajura; Davi Mignac; Alex N. de Santana; Filipe B. Costa; Leonardo N. Lima; Konstantin P. Belyaev; Jiang Zhu (Ocean Dynamics, 2020)

Realistic modelling of shelf-estuary regions - Martinho Marta-Almeida; Guilherme C. Lessa; Alessandro L. Aguiar; Fabiola N. Amorim; Mauro Cirano (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Climate change impact on Caspian Sea wave conditions in the Noshahr Port - Samaneh Lesani; Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Role of interannual equatorial forcing on the subsurface temperature dipole in the Bay of Bengal during IOD and ENSO events - Saikat Pramanik; Sourav Sil; Samiran Mandal; Dipanjan Dey; Abhijit Shee (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Characteristics of saw-tooth bars on the ebb-tidal deltas of the Wadden Islands - Laura Brakenhoff; Gerben Ruessink; Maarten van der Vegt (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)
Saw-tooth bars are shore-oblique sand bars that are found along most ebb-tidal deltas of the Frisian Wadden Islands. Although they might significantly affect sediment transport pathways and volumes on the deltas, their general characteristics and dynamics are largely unknown. The main aim of this paper is to determine the typical saw-tooth bar heights, wave lengths, widths, orientations, migration rates and depths of occurrence. To this end, we analysed bathymetries from the Dutch and German Frisian Wadden Islands between 1970 and 2015. Bar heights range between 0.5 and 2 m, and wave lengths range between 300 and 900 m, with an average of 670 m, and the bar crests have a down contour orientation of approximately 25°. The bars are between 800 and 2200 m wide. Saw-tooth bars are located at depths from 3 to 12 m, depending on the slope of the area. Migration speeds of up to 112 m/year were found, using a spatial correlation method. Bar height and migration speed are positively linearly correlated, as well as bar wave length and bar width, bar height and the orientation of the depth contours and migration speed and the orientation of the area. The derived characteristics are compared to those of other bar types to evaluate hypotheses regarding the formation mechanism of the bars.

Tidally generated island wakes and surface water cooling over Izu Ridge - Tsubasa Kodaira; Takuji Waseda (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Seasonal variability of SST fronts and winds on the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil - Huan-Huan Chen; Yiquan Qi; Yuntao Wang; Fei Chai (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)
Fourteen years (September 2002 to August 2016) of high-resolution satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) data are used to describe the frontal pattern and frontogenesis on the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil. The daily SST fronts are obtained using an edge-detection algorithm, and the monthly frontal probability (FP) is subsequently calculated. High SST FPs are mainly distributed along the coast and decrease with distance from the coastline. The results from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decompositions reveal strong seasonal variability of the coastal SST FP with maximum (minimum) in the astral summer (winter). Wind plays an important role in driving the frontal activities, and high FPs are accompanied by strong alongshore wind stress and wind stress curl. This is particularly true during the summer, when the total transport induced by the alongshore component of upwelling-favorable winds and the wind stress curl reaches the annual maximum. The fronts are influenced by multiple factors other than wind forcing, such as the orientation of the coastline, the seafloor topography, and the meandering of the Brazil Current. As a result, there is a slight difference between the seasonality of the SST fronts and the wind, and their relationship was varying with spatial locations. The impact of the air-sea interaction is further investigated in the frontal zone, and large coupling coefficients are found between the crosswind (downwind) SST gradients and the wind stress curl (divergence). The analysis of the SST fronts and wind leads to a better understanding of the dynamics and frontogenesis off the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil, and the results can be used to further understand the air-sea coupling process at regional level.

Development of a new operational system for monitoring and forecasting coastal and open-ocean states around Japan - Nariaki Hirose; Norihisa Usui; Kei Sakamoto; Hiroyuki Tsujino; Goro Yamanaka; Hideyuki Nakano; Shogo Urakawa; Takahiro Toyoda; Yosuke Fujii; Nadao Kohno (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Runup uncertainty on planar beaches - Alec Torres-Freyermuth; Jose Carlos Pintado-Patiño; Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña; Jack A. Puleo; Tom E. Baldock (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Temperature assimilation into a coastal ocean-biogeochemical model: assessment of weakly and strongly coupled data assimilation - Michael Goodliff; Thorger Bruening; Fabian Schwichtenberg; Xin Li; Anja Lindenthal; Ina Lorkowski; Lars Nerger (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Breaking waves in deep water: measurements and modeling of energy dissipation - Fadia Ticona Rollano; Adam Brown; Ashley Ellenson; H. Tuba Özkan-Haller; Jim Thomson; Merrick C. Haller (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Normal modes and resonance in Ontario Lacus: a hydrocarbon lake of Titan - David Vincent; Jonathan Lambrechts; Özgür Karatekin; Tim Van Hoolst; Robert H. Tyler; Véronique Dehant; Eric Deleersnijder (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Numerical modeling and theoretical analysis of the existence of the Pearl River plume bulge - Yanzhen Gu; Peiliang Li; Maolin Li (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Characteristics of ocean waves off Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, extracted from 1-year deep-water measured data - Rogério Neder Candella (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Development of a 2-km resolution ocean model covering the coastal seas around Japan for operational application - Kei Sakamoto; Hiroyuki Tsujino; Hideyuki Nakano; Shogo Urakawa; Takahiro Toyoda; Nariaki Hirose; Norihisa Usui; Goro Yamanaka (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Dynamics of summer monsoon current around Sri Lanka - Subham Rath; P. N. Vinayachandran; Ambica Behara; C. P. Neema (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Observations of near-inertial oscillations along the Brazilian continental shelf break - Pedro Paulo de Freitas; Felipe de Luca Lopes Amorim; Guilherme Nogueira Mill; Vladimir Santos da Costa; Mariela Gabioux; Mauro Cirano; Afonso de Moraes Paiva (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Tidal and tidal current characteristics in the Guangxi Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea - Jingsong Gao; Donglin Zhu; Guidan Wu; Baoqing Hu; Haibo Huang (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Field investigation of siltation at a tidal harbor: North Port of Incheon, Korea - Guan-hong Lee; Hyun-Jung Shin; Young Taeg Kim; Timothy M. Dellapenna; Kuk Jin Kim; Joshua Williams; Seok-Yun Kim; Steven Miguel Figueroa (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Partial residence times: determining residence time composition in different subregions - Lei Lin; Zhe Liu (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Forty-five years of oceanographic and meteorological observations at a coastal station in the NW Mediterranean: a ground truth for satellite observations - Jordi Salat; Josep Pascual; Mar Flexas; Toshio Michael Chin; Jorge Vazquez-Cuervo (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

The energetics of internal tides at the Luzon Ridge - Bing Han; Carsten Eden (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Mud dynamics in the Port of Zeebrugge - Joris Vanlede; Arvid Dujardin; Michael Fettweis; Thomas Van Hoestenberghe; Chantal Martens (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Processes affecting dissolved iron across the Subtropical North Atlantic: a model study - Anna Pagnone; Christoph Völker; Ying Ye (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Numerical modeling of the impact of hurricanes on ocean dynamics: sensitivity of the Gulf Stream response to storm’s track - Tal Ezer (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Estimation of inherent optical properties using quasi-analytical algorithm along the coastal waters of southeast Arabian Sea - Kumaraswami Munnooru; Sisir Kumar Dash; Gijjapu Durga Rao; Ramu Karri; Vinjamuri Ranga Rao (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Seasonal variability of the carbon export in the central South China Sea - Wentao Ma; Peng Xiu; Fei Chai; Hongliang Li (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Warm bias of sea surface temperature in Eastern boundary current regions—a study of effects of horizontal resolution in CESM - Jialiang Ma; Shiming Xu; Bin Wang (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Wave breaking and bubble formation associate energy dissipation and wave setup - Ashabul Hoque; Nur Hossain; Shuzon Ali; Masudar Rahman (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Hydrodynamic time parameters response to meteorological and physical forcings: toward a stagnation risk assessment device in coastal areas - Marion Drouzy; Pascal Douillet; Jean-Michel Fernandez; Christel Pinazo (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Temporal and spatial statistics of travelling eddy variability in the South China Sea - Meng Zhang; Hans von Storch; Xueen Chen; Dongxiao Wang; Delei Li (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

What controls the extreme flow through the Kerama Gap: a global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis point of view - Zhitao Yu; Edward J. Metzger; Harley E. Hurlburt; Ole Martin Smedstad (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

The role of eddies on pathways, transports, and entrainment in dense water flows along a slope - Jarle Berntsen; Guttorm Alendal; Helge Avlesen (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Can the Scheldt River Estuary become hyperturbid? - Yoeri M. Dijkstra; Henk M. Schuttelaars; George P. Schramkowski (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Amplification and deformation of tidal wave in the Upper Scheldt Estuary - Zheng Bing Wang; Wouter Vandenbruwaene; Marcel Taal; Han Winterwerp (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Changes in phytoplankton production and upwelling intensity off A Coruña (NW Spain) for the last 28 years - Antonio Bode; Marta Álvarez; Manuel Ruíz-Villarreal; Marta M. Varela (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

An experimental study of flow regimes of a gravity current over a Cape in a stratified environment - Javad Babagoli Matikolaei; Abbasali Aliakbari Bidokhti (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Burchard receives the 2019 Georg Wüst Prize - Jörg-Olaf Wolff (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Mixing efficiency from microstructure measurements in the Sicily Channel - Anda Vladoiu; Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot; Yannis Cuypers; Bruno Ferron; Katrin Schroeder; Mireno Borghini; Stephane Leizour; Sana Ben Ismail (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Directional wave spectra at the regional scale with the KuROS airborne radar: comparisons with models - Eva Le Merle; Danièle Hauser; Céline Tison (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Ensemble estimates of the wave state related parameters in a sea spray parameterization scheme - Lianxin Zhang; Xinrong Wu; William Perrie; Xuefeng Zhang; Changlong Guan (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Effect of wave-induced mixing on Antarctic sea ice in a high-resolution ocean model - Steven Thomas; Alexander V. Babanin; Kevin J. E. Walsh; Lachlan Stoney; Petra Heil (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Weakly compressible SPH simulation of cnoidal waves with strong plunging breakers - Mohammad Sarfaraz; Ali Pak (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Modeling of climate tendencies in Arctic seas based on atmospheric forcing EOF decomposition - Gennady A. Platov; Elena N. Golubeva; Marina V. Kraineva; Valentina V. Malakhova (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian eddy census for a tide-less, semi-enclosed basin, the Baltic Sea - Rahel Vortmeyer-Kley; Peter Holtermann; Ulrike Feudel; Ulf Gräwe (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Extracting Lagrangian coherent structures in the Kuroshio current system - Fenglin Tian; Qiu He; ZhanPing Liu; Ge Chen (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Bioluminescence potential modeling with an ensemble approach - Igor Shulman; Stephanie Anderson (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Evaluation and modification of JONSWAP spectral parameters in the Persian Gulf considering offshore wave characteristics under storm conditions - Said Mazaheri; Hasan Imani (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Consistency of wave power at a location in the coastal waters of central eastern Arabian Sea - M. M. Amrutha; V. Sanil Kumar; Harsha Bhaskaran; Muhammed Naseef (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Dynamics of westward propagation and intensification of Lakshadweep low in the southern Arabian Sea - Johnson Zachariah; Chethalan Anthony Babu; Hamza Varikoden (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

A 3-D finite volume model for sediment transport in coastal waters - Weiming Wu; Qianru Lin (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Extreme bed shear stress during coastal downwelling - Jochen Kämpf (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Sensitivity of Sverdrup transport to surface wind products over the tropical North Pacific Ocean - Hui Zhou; Xueqi Liu; Peng Xu (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

The 1st International Workshop on Waves, Storm Surges and Coastal Hazards incorporating the 15th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting - Val Swail; Jose-Henrique Alves; Øyvind Breivik; Jennifer Brown; Diana Greenslade (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Viscous waves on a beta-plane and its zonal asymmetry - Valery N. Zyryanov; Marianna K. Chebanova (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Study of subsurface eddy properties in northwestern Pacific Ocean based on an eddy-resolving OGCM - Anqi Xu; Fei Yu; Feng Nan (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

The international conference “Vortices and coherent structures: from ocean to microfluids”, Vladivostok, Russia, 28–31 August 2017 - Sergey Prants; Gregory Reznik; Jacques Verron (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Cyclic channel-shoal dynamics at the Ameland inlet: the impact on waves, tides, and sediment transport - Klaas J. H. Lenstra; Stefan R. P. M. Pluis; Wim Ridderinkhof; Gerben Ruessink; Maarten van der Vegt (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Modelling dynamics of the estuarine turbidity maximum and local net deposition - Roland F. Hesse; Anna Zorndt; Peter Fröhle (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

The relative impact of future storminess versus offshore dredging on suspended sediment concentration in a shallow coastal embayment: Rødsand lagoon, western Baltic Sea - Pernille Louise Forsberg; Ulrik Lumborg; Thorbjørn Joest Andersen; Aart Kroon; Verner Brandbyge Ernstsen (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Submesoscale eddies in Peter the Great Bay of the Japan/East Sea in winter - Pavel Fayman; Alexander Ostrovskii; Vyacheslav Lobanov; Jae-Hun Park; Young-Gyu Park; Aleksandr Sergeev (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

A statistic of water mass intrusions in the south Indian Ocean between 100° E and 110° E - Matthias Tomczak (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)

Editorial to the topical collection INTERCOH 2015 - Erik A. Toorman; Michael Fettweis; Joris Vanlede (Ocean Dynamics, 2019)