Influence of NSAIDs and methotrexate on CD73 expression and glioma cell growth - Daniela Vasconcelos Lopes; Amanda de Fraga Dias; Luiz Fernando Lopes Silva; Juliete Nathali Scholl; Jean Sévigny; Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini; Fabrício Figueiró (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Antagonism of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer - Matthew Drill; Nigel C. Jones; Martin Hunn; Terence J. O’Brien; Mastura Monif (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Antidepressant-like effect of guanosine involves activation of AMPA receptor and BDNF/TrkB signaling - Priscila B. Rosa; Luis E. B. Bettio; Vivian B. Neis; Morgana Moretti; Fernanda N. Kaufmann; Mauren K. Tavares; Isabel Werle; Yasmim Dalsenter; Nicolle Platt; Axel F. Rosado; Daiane B. Fraga; Isabella A. Heinrich; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

What strikes most when we think of Geoff - Cinzia Volonté (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

A novel mechanism of rotavirus infection involving purinergic signaling - Wilmarie Morales-Soto; Brian D. Gulbransen (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Contribution of P2X4 receptor in pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a review - Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir; Ain’ Sabreena Mohd Noh; Nazlahshaniza Shafin; Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Targeting the purinergic pathway in breast cancer and its therapeutic applications - Julia Beatrice de Araújo; Vanessa Vitória Kerkhoff; Sarah Franco Vieira de Oliveira Maciel; Débora Tavares de Resende e Silva (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are involved on guanosine protective effects against oxidative burst and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 6-OHDA in striatal slices - C. M. Massari; L. C. Constantino; C. I. Tasca (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Editorial - Charles Kennedy (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Memories of Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock - Nawazish-i-Husain Syed (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Editorial-In tribute to Geoff Burnstock - Charles Kennedy (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

How Prof. Burnstock’s enthusiasm supported P2 receptor research in Germany - Ralf Hausmann; Heike Franke; Günther Schmalzing (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Poems to Geoff - Lumei Huang; Yong Tang (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020): the finest pharmacologist and an inspiring scientist - Rafael Franco (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

That was then, this is now: the development of our knowledge and understanding of P2 receptor subtypes - Charles Kennedy (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
P2 receptors are present in virtually all tissues and cell types in the human body, and they mediate the physiological and pharmacological actions of extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. They were first characterised and named by Geoff Burnstock in 1978, then subdivided into P 2X and P 2Y purinoceptors in 1985 on the basis of pharmacological criteria in functional studies on native receptors. Molecular cloning of receptors in the 1990s revealed P2X receptors to comprise seven different subunits that interact to produce functional homo- and heterotrimeric ligand-gated cation channels. A family of eight P2Y G protein–coupled receptors were also cloned, which can form homo- and heterodimers. Deep insight into the molecular mechanisms of agonist and antagonist action has been provided by more recent determination of the tertiary and quaternary structures of several P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes. Agonists and antagonists that are highly selective for individual subtypes are now available and some are in clinical use. This has all come about because of the intelligence, insight and drive of the force of nature that was Geoff Burnstock.

Effect of P2X purinergic receptors in tumor progression and as a potential target for anti-tumor therapy - Wen-jun Zhang (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Effect of the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells on the expression levels of P2X4 and P2X7 purinergic receptors in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain - Mahsa Masoodifar; Saeed Hajihashemi; Saeed Pazhoohan; Samad Nazemi; Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases and ecto-5′-nucleotidase in purinergic signaling: how the field developed and where we are now - Herbert Zimmermann (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
Geoffrey Burnstock will be remembered as the scientist who set up an entirely new field of intercellular communication, signaling via nucleotides. The signaling cascades involved in purinergic signaling include intracellular storage of nucleotides, nucleotide release, extracellular hydrolysis, and the effect of the released compounds or their hydrolysis products on target tissues via specific receptor systems. In this context ectonucleotidases play several roles. They inactivate released and physiologically active nucleotides, produce physiologically active hydrolysis products, and facilitate nucleoside recycling. This review briefly highlights the development of our knowledge of two types of enzymes involved in extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis and thus purinergic signaling, the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, and ecto-5′-nucleotidase.

Molecular probes for the human adenosine receptors - Xue Yang; Laura H. Heitman; Adriaan P. IJzerman; Daan van der Es (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
Adenosine receptors, G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine, have been considered potential therapeutic targets in several disorders. To date however, only very few adenosine receptor modulators have made it to the market. Increased understanding of these receptors is required to improve the success rate of adenosine receptor drug discovery. To improve our understanding of receptor structure and function, over the past decades, a diverse array of molecular probes has been developed and applied. These probes, including radioactive or fluorescent moieties, have proven invaluable in GPCR research in general. Specifically for adenosine receptors, the development and application of covalent or reversible probes, whether radiolabeled or fluorescent, have been instrumental in the discovery of new chemical entities, the characterization and interrogation of adenosine receptor subtypes, and the study of adenosine receptor behavior in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review summarizes these applications, and also serves as an invitation to walk another mile to further improve probe characteristics and develop additional tags that allow the investigation of adenosine receptors and other GPCRs in even finer detail.

Correction to: Involvement of P2Y12 receptor of stellate ganglion in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy - Jingjing Guo; Xuan Sheng; Yu Dan; Yurong Xu; Yuanruohan Zhang; Huihong Ji; Jiayue Wang; Zixi Xu; Hongyu Che; Guodong Li; Shangdong Liang; Guilin Li (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Correction to: P2Y12 receptor upregulation in satellite glial cells is involved in neuropathic pain induced by HIV glycoprotein 120 and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine - Zhihua Yi; Lihui Xie; Congfa Zhou; Huilong Yuan; Shuai Ouyang; Zhi Fang; Shanhong Zhao; Tianyu Jia; Lifang Zou; Shouyu Wang; Yun Xue; Bing Wu; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Purinergic signalling in spinal pain processing - Theresa H. Tam; Michael W. Salter (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

The history of the Purine Club: a tribute to Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock - Maria P. Abbracchio (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
The international purinergic scientific community has lost its pioneer. Geoffrey Burnstock, born on the 10th of May 1929 in London, died on the 2nd of June 2020, aged 91, in Melbourne (Australia). Geoff was one of the most highly regarded scientists of his generation. In the 1960s and 1970s, he developed a radical and somehow heretical new theory and opened an entire new field of science, signalling via extracellular nucleotides (the “purinergic theory”), which revolutionized our understanding of how cells communicate between each other. Initially, his unconventional theory found a lot of resistance in the scientific community. Once, one scientist even threatened to devote his entire life to disproving Burnstock’s theory. Undeterred, Geoff went further on, and continued to accumulate evidence in favour of his hypothesis, and led the field ever since. He struggled to attract new scientists to this new field of research and, in the early 1990s, due to new molecular biology techniques making it possible to isolate and identify cell surface receptors for ATP and its breakdown product adenosine, did evidence emerge that eventually convinced the doubters. The number of spontaneous obituaries and messages honouring Geoff’s memory that have appeared on specialized Journals and in the public press throughout the world since last June indicates that many people are clearly affected by his death. Besides being a rigorous, ethical and extremely brilliant scientist, Geoff was an extraordinary human being, always eager to collaborate and share data, never jealous of his findings and capable of learning things even from young people. He was known for his enthusiasm, empathy and ability to motivate young scientists and promote their careers. After the establishment of the Purine Club back in the 1990s, numerous Purine Club Chapters have been formed around the world with Geoff’s help and encouragement. He has obviously also been the inspirator and founder of our Journal, Purinergic Signalling (PUSI). For this reason, Charles Kennedy, the current Editor of the Journal, and myself thought that it might be nice to invite representatives from all known Purine Clubs to send a few notes to be published in PUSI on the history of their club and how Geoff inspired, aided or supported them. Here, I have collected all their contributions and I share with the entire purinergic community my personal memories on how the Purine Club was born and developed thanks to the invaluable mentoring of Geoffrey Burnstock. I apologize in advance if I am missing some information or forgot to mention somebody, and I strongly encourage all readers to submit memories and additional information that I shall gather for future writing. Keeping alive the history of how the field developed will be the best tribute that we can play to celebrate Geoff’s work along the years.

Purinergic signalling in the cardiovascular system—a tribute to Geoffrey Burnstock - Vera Ralevic (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
Geoffrey Burnstock made groundbreaking discoveries on the physiological roles of purinergic receptors and led on P2 purinergic receptor classification. His knowledge, vision and leadership inspired and influenced the international scientific community. I had the privilege of spending over 10 years (from 1985) with Geoff at the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, initially as a PhD student and then as a postdoctoral research fellow. I regarded him with enormous admiration and affection. This review on purinergic signalling in the cardiovascular system is a tribute to Geoff. It includes some personal recollections of Geoff.

Burnstock and the legacy of the inhibitory junction potential and P2Y1 receptors - Brian F. King (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
The synaptic event called the inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was arguably one of the more important discoveries made by Burnstock and arguably one of his finer legacies. The discovery of the IJP fundamentally changed how electromechanical coupling was visualised in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Its discovery also set in motion the search for novel inhibitory neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system, eventually leading to proposal that ATP or a related nucleotide was a major inhibitory transmitter. The subsequent development of purinergic signalling gave impetus to expanding the classification of surface receptors for extracellular ATP, not only in the GI tract but beyond, and then led to successive phases of medicinal chemistry as the P2 receptor field developed. Ultimately, the discovery of the IJP led to the successful cloning of the first P2Y receptor (chick P2Y1) and expansion of mammalian ATP receptors into two classes: metabotropic P2Y receptors (encompassing P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11–14 receptors) and ionotropic P2X receptors (encompassing homomeric P2X1–P2X7 receptors). Here, the causal relationship between the IJP and P2Y1 is explored, setting out the milestones reached and achievements made by Burnstock and his colleagues.

Tribute to Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock: his contribution to acupuncture - Yong Tang; Peter Illes (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Geoffery Burnstock’s influence on the evolution of P2X3 receptor pharmacology - Michael F. Jarvis (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Geoffrey Burnstock, our friend and magister: the diadenosine polyphosphate connection - María-Teresa Miras-Portugal; Javier Gualix (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

Real-time measurement of adenosine and ATP release in the central nervous system - Nicholas Dale (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
This brief review recounts how, stimulated by the work of Geoff Burnstock, I developed biosensors that allowed direct real-time measurement of ATP and adenosine during neural function. The initial impetus to create an adenosine biosensor came from trying to understand how ATP and adenosine-modulated motor pattern generation in the frog embryo spinal cord. Early biosensor measurements demonstrated slow accumulation of adenosine during motor activity. Subsequent application of these biosensors characterized real-time release of adenosine in in vitro models of brain ischaemia, and this line of work has recently led to clinical measurements of whole blood purine levels in patients undergoing carotid artery surgery or stroke. In parallel, the wish to understand the role of ATP signalling in the chemosensory regulation of breathing stimulated the development of ATP biosensors. This revealed that release of ATP from the chemosensory areas of the medulla oblongata preceded adaptive changes in breathing, triggered adaptive changes in breathing via activation of P2 receptors, and ultimately led to the discovery of connexin26 as a channel that mediates CO 2 -gated release of ATP from cells.

Nociceptive signaling of P2X receptors in chronic pain states - Kazuhide Inoue (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

P2X7 is a cytotoxic receptor….maybe not: implications for cancer - Francesco Di Virgilio (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)
The tumor microenvironment is rich in extracellular ATP. This nucleotide affects both cancer and infiltrating immune cell responses by acting at P2 receptors, chiefly P2X7. ATP is then degraded to generate adenosine, a very powerful immunosuppressant. The purinergic hypothesis put forward by Geoff Burnstock prompted innovative investigation in this field and provided the intellectual framework to interpret a myriad of experimental findings. This is a short appraisal of how Geoff’s inspiration influenced cancer studies and my own investigation highlighting the key role of the P2X7 receptor.

Tribute to Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock: transition of purinergicsignaling to drug discovery - Kenneth A. Jacobson (Purinergic Signalling, 2021)

P2X7R: pivotal player in sepsis-induced liver damage - Marta Vuerich (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Purinergic signalling mediates the inhibitory effect of microglia on neuronal activity in the brain - Yu-Ting Dong; Yong Tang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Extracellular levels of the sleep homeostasis mediator, adenosine, are regulated by glutamatergic neurons during wakefulness and sleep - Meng-Juan Sun; Yong Tang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Announcement of changes to the editorial board (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Antinociceptive and neurochemical effects of a single dose of IB-MECA in chronic pain rat models - Stefania Giotti Cioato; Liciane Fernandes Medeiros; Bettega Costa Lopes; Andressa de Souza; Helouise Richardt Medeiros; José Antônio Fagundes Assumpção; Wolnei Caumo; Rafael Roesler; Iraci L. S. Torres (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Protective effects of dihydromyricetin on primary hippocampal astrocytes from cytotoxicity induced by comorbid diabetic neuropathic pain and depression - Huixiang Ge; Mengyun Sun; Xingyu Wei; Mingming Zhang; Hongcheng Tu; Yuanzhen Hao; Ruxin Chen; Miao Ye; Yun Gao (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Nucleotide P2Y1 receptor agonists are in vitro and in vivo prodrugs of A1/A3 adenosine receptor agonists: implications for roles of P2Y1 and A1/A3 receptors in physiology and pathology - Theodore E. Liston; Sonja Hinz; Christa E. Müller; Deborah M. Holstein; Jay Wendling; Roger J. Melton; Mary Campbell; William S. Korinek; R. Rama Suresh; Dane A. Sethre-Hofstad; Zhan-Guo Gao; Dilip K. Tosh; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Announcement of changes to the editorial board (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

P2X7 receptor deletion attenuates oxidative stress and liver damage in sepsis - Maria Luciana Larrouyet-Sarto; Augusto Shuiti Tamura; Vinícius Santos Alves; Patrícia T. Santana; Roberta Ciarlini-Magalhães; Thuany Prado Rangel; Cassiana Siebert; Josiane R. Hartwig; Tiago Marcon dos Santos; Angela T.S. Wyse; Christina Maeda Takiya; Robson Coutinho-Silva; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Announcement of changes to the editorial board (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Contribution of Val/Ile87 residue in the extracellular domain in agonist-induced current responses of the human and rat P2X7 receptors - Emily A Caseley; Stephen P Muench; Lin-Hua Jiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated cation channel with a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes, and shows prominent functional differences across mammalian species, exemplified by larger current responses of the rat (r) P2X7R to ATP and its analogue BzATP and a greater sensitivity to agonists compared with the human (h) P2X7R. Here, we showed that substitution of Val87 residue in the extracellular domain of the hP2X7R with isoleucine in the rP2X7R increased the current responses of the hP2X7R to both ATP and BzATP. Conversely, introduction of reciprocal I87V mutation in the rP2X7R led to a noticeable but statistically insignificant reduction in the current responses of the rP2X7R to ATP and BzATP. The mutations did not affect the sensitivity of the human and rat P2X7Rs to ATP and BzATP. These results suggest a contribution of Val/Ile87 in agonist-induced current responses of human and rat P2X7Rs, which helps to better understand the molecular determinants for species-dependent function of the mammalian P2X7Rs.

Association between the rs3751143 polymorphism of P2RX7 gene and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A meta-analysis - Wen-Jun Zhang; Zheng-Ming Zhu (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

The P2X7 ion channel is dispensable for energy and metabolic homeostasis of white and brown adipose tissues - Tian Tian; Markus Heine; Ioannis Evangelakos; Michelle Y. Jaeckstein; Nicola Schaltenberg; Tobias Stähler; Friedrich Koch-Nolte; Manju Kumari; Joerg Heeren (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
Several studies suggest a role of extracellular adenine nucleotides in regulating adipose tissue functions via the purinergic signaling network. Metabolic studies in mice with global deletion of the purinergic receptor P2X7 on the C57BL/6 background indicate that this receptor has only a minor role in adipose tissue for diet-induced inflammation or cold-triggered thermogenesis. However, recent data show that a polymorphism (P451L) present in C57BL/6 mice attenuates P2X7 receptor function, whereas BALB/c mice express the fully functional P451 allele. To determine the potential role of P2rx7 under metabolic and thermogenic stress conditions, we performed comparative studies using male P2rx7 knockout (KO) and respective wild-type controls on both BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds. Our data show that adipose P2rx7 mRNA levels are increased in obese mice. Moreover, P2rx7 deficiency results in reduced levels of circulating CCL2 and IL6 with a moderate effect on gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue and liver of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. However, P2X7 expression does not alter body weight, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia associated with high-fat diet feeding on both genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, deficiency of P2rx7 is dispensable for energy expenditure at thermoneutral and acute cold exposure conditions. In summary, these data show that—apart from a moderate effect on inflammatory cytokines—P2X7 plays only a minor role in inflammatory and thermogenic effects of white and brown adipose tissue even on the BALB/c background.

Fibroblast growth factor 2 upregulates ecto-5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase via MAPK pathways in cultured rat spinal cord astrocytes - Ryota Eguchi; Taisuke Kitano; Ken-ichi Otsuguro (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Caffeine has a dual influence on NMDA receptor–mediated glutamatergic transmission at the hippocampus - Robertta S. Martins; Diogo M. Rombo; Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro; Carlos Meneses; Vladimir P. P. Borges-Martins; Joaquim A. Ribeiro; Sandra H. Vaz; Regina C. C. Kubrusly; Ana M. Sebastião (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia - Xueyu Fei; Xiaofen He; Zhaoxia Tai; Hanzhi Wang; Siying Qu; Luhang Chen; Qunqi Hu; Jianqiao Fang; Yongliang Jiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a troublesome diabetes complication all over the world. P2X3 receptor (P2X3R), a purinergic receptor from dorsal root ganglion (DRG), has important roles in neuropathic pain pathology and nociceptive sensations. Here, we investigated the involvement of DRG P2X3R and the effect of 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) on DNP. We monitored the rats’ body weight, fasting blood glucose level, paw withdrawal thresholds, and paw withdrawal latency, and evaluated P2X3R expression in DRG. We found that P2X3R expression is upregulated on DNP, while 2 Hz EA is analgesic against DNP and suppresses P2X3R expression in DRG. To evaluate P2X3R involvement in pain modulation, we then treated the animals with A317491, a P2X3R specific antagonist, or α β-me ATP, a P2X3R agonist. We found that A317491 alleviates hyperalgesia, while α β-me ATP blocks EA’s analgesic effects. Our findings indicated that 2 Hz EA alleviates DNP, possibly by suppressing P2X3R upregulation in DRG.

Correction to: Long noncoding NONRATT021972 siRNA normalized abnormal sympathetic activity mediated by the upregulation of P2X7 receptor in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemia - Guihua Tu; Lifang Zou; Shuangmei Liu; Bing Wu; Qiulan Lv; Shouyu Wang; Yun Xue; Chunping Zhang; Zhihua Yi; Xi Zhang; Guilin Li; Shangdong Liang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Correction to: Puerarin alleviates burn-related procedural pain mediated by P2X3 receptors - Xin Li; Jun Zhang; Yun Gao; Yang Yang; Changshui Xu; Guilin Li; Guanghua Guo; Shuangmei Liu; Jinyan Xie; Shangdong Liang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Progress in Purinergic Signalling - Charles Kennedy (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Guanosine modulates SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes via adenosine receptors - Camila A. Zanella; Carla I. Tasca; Jeremy M. Henley; Kevin A. Wilkinson; Helena I. Cimarosti (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) whereby members of the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) family of proteins are conjugated to lysine residues in target proteins. SUMOylation has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, and much attention has been given to its role in neurodegenerative conditions. Due to its reported role in neuroprotection, pharmacological modulation of SUMOylation represents an attractive potential therapeutic strategy in a number of different brain disorders. However, very few compounds that target the SUMOylation pathway have been identified. Guanosine is an endogenous nucleoside with important neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Experimental evidence has shown that guanosine can modulate different intracellular pathways, including PTMs. In the present study we examined whether guanosine alters global protein SUMOylation. Primary cortical neurons and astrocytes were treated with guanosine at 1, 10, 100, 300, or 500 μM at four time points, 1, 6, 24, or 48 h. We show that guanosine increases global SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes at 1 h at concentrations above 10 μM. The molecular mechanisms involved in this effect were evaluated in neurons. The guanosine-induced increase in global SUMO2/3-ylation was still observed in the presence of dipyridamole, which prevents guanosine internalization, demonstrating an extracellular guanosine-induced effect. Furthermore, the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist DPCPX abolished the guanosine-induced increase in SUMO2/3-ylation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist ZM241385 increased SUMOylation per se, but did not alter guanosine-induced SUMOylation, suggesting that guanosine may modulate SUMO2/3-ylation through an A1-A2A receptor interaction. Taken together, this is the first report to show guanosine as a SUMO2/3-ylation enhancer in astrocytes and neurons.

Purinergic signaling in bone marrow stem cell mobilization - Pranela Rameshwar (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

P2X7 receptors and glioma cells - Leticia Scussel Bergamin (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Impaired UTP-induced relaxation in the carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats - Takayuki Matsumoto; Mihoka Kojima; Keisuke Takayanagi; Tomoki Katome; Kumiko Taguchi; Tsuneo Kobayashi (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Journal club - Charles Kennedy (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Journal club - Mark T. Young (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Deletion of the adenosine A2A receptor increases the survival rate in a mice model of polymicrobial sepsis - Miguel Meriño; Sebastián San Martín; Pedro Sandaña; Kurt Herlitz; Claudio Aguayo; Alejandro Godoy; Pablo Torres-Vergara; Marcelo Gonzalez; Felipe Troncoso; Jesenia Acurio; Carlos Escudero (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Limonene-induced activation of A2A adenosine receptors reduces airway inflammation and reactivity in a mouse model of asthma - Mehaben Patel; Deven Narke; Mangesh Kurade; Kathleen M. Frey; Sahith Rajalingam; Armaan Siddiquee; S Jamal Mustafa; Catherine Ledent; Dovenia S. Ponnoth (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

P2X3 receptors contribute to transition from acute to chronic muscle pain - Carolina Ocanha Jorge; Graciana de Azambuja; Beatriz Botasso Gomes; Hayla Lourenço Rodrigues; Augusto Ducati Luchessi; Maria Cláudia Gonçalves de Oliveira-Fusaro (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation techniques and the impact of cryopreservation on human lymphocytes expressing CD39 and CD73 - Ross J. Turner; Nicholas J. Geraghty; Jonathan G. Williams; Diane Ly; Daniel Brungs; Martin G. Carolan; Thomas V. Guy; Debbie Watson; Jeremiah F. de Leon; Ronald Sluyter (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors on guanosine-mediated anti-tremor effects in reserpinized mice - C. M. Massari; L. C. Constantino; N. F. Marques; L. B. Binder; M. Valle-León; M. López-Cano; V. Fernández-Dueñas; F. Ciruela; C. I. Tasca (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Design and in vivo activity of A3 adenosine receptor agonist prodrugs - R. Rama Suresh; Shanu Jain; Zhoumou Chen; Dilip K. Tosh; Yanling Ma; Maren C. Podszun; Yaron Rotman; Daniela Salvemini; Kenneth A. Jacobson (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

COVID-19 and purinergic signaling: the need for investigation - Andréia Machado Cardoso (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Correction to: LncRNA NONRATT021972 involved the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7 receptors in stellate ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury - Lifang Zou; Guihua Tu; Wei Xie; Shiyao Wen; Qiuyu Xie; Shuangmei Liu; Guilin Li; Yun Gao; Hong Xu; Shouyu Wang; Yun Xue; Bing Wu; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

High expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes are adverse prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma: a study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets - Haiwei Wang; Xinrui Wang; Liangpu Xu; Ji Zhang; Hua Cao (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
Reprogramming of metabolism is described in many types of cancer and is associated with the clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic significance of pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear. Using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we found that the pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathway was significantly enriched in LUAD. Compared with normal lung tissues, the pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes were highly expressed in lung tumor tissues. The high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic–rate limiting enzymes were associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, purinergic receptors P2RX1, P2RX7, P2RY12, P2RY13, and P2RY14 were relatively downregulated in lung cancer tissues and were associated with favorable prognosis. Moreover, we found that hypo-DNA methylation, DNA amplification, and TP53 mutation were contributing to the high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, combined pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes had significant prognostic effects in LUAD. Comprehensively, the pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes were highly expressed in bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer. And the high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes were associated with unfavorable prognosis in liver cancer. Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate–limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial ischemia injury via activation of adenosine receptors - Yulan Ren; Zhihan Chen; Rui Wang; Yang Yu; Dehua Li; Yonggang He (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
Electroacupuncture (EA) can improve myocardial ischemia (MI) injury; nevertheless, the mechanism is not entirely clear. And there were disagreements about whether the effect of EA at acupoint in disease-affected meridian is better than EA at acupoint in non-affected meridian and sham acupoint. Here, we showed that the effect of EA at Neiguan (PC6) is better than EA at Hegu (LI4) and sham acupoint in affecting RPP and ECG, increasing ATP and ADO production, decreasing AMP production, and upregulating the mRNA expression levels of A1AR, A2aAR, and A2bAR; knockdown of A1AR or A2bAR reversed the effect of EA at PC6 in alleviating MI injury; knockdown of A2aAR had no influence on the cardiac protection of EA at PC6; thus, the cardioprotective effect of EA at PC6 needs A1AR and A2bAR, instead of A2aAR; considering that the cardio protection of adenosine receptor needs activation of other adenosine receptors, one of the reasons may be that after silence of A1AR or A2bAR, EA at PC6 could not impact the expression levels of the other two adenosine receptors, and after silence of A2aAR, EA at PC6 could impact the expression levels of A1AR and A2bAR. These results suggested that EA at PC6 may be a potential and effective treatment for MI by activation of A1AR and A2bAR.

P2X7 receptor antagonism inhibits tumour growth in human high-grade gliomas - Liyen Katrina Kan; Sinali Seneviratne; Kate J. Drummond; David A. Williams; Terence J. O’Brien; Mastura Monif (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Purinergic signaling as a basis of acupuncture-induced analgesia - Jin-Rong He; Shu-Guang Yu; Yong Tang; Peter Illes (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
This review summarizes experimental evidence indicating that purinergic mechanisms are causally involved in acupuncture (AP)-induced analgesia. Electroacupuncture (EAP) and manual AP release at pain-relevant acupoints ATP which may activate purinergic P2X receptors (Rs) especially of the P2X3 type situated at local sensory nerve endings (peripheral terminals of dorsal root ganglion [DRG] neurons); the central processes of these neurons are thought to inhibit via collaterals of ascending dorsal horn spinal cord neurons, pain-relevant pathways projecting to higher centers of the brain. In addition, during AP/EAP non-neuronal P2X4 and/or P2X7Rs localized at microglial cells of the CNS become activated at the spinal or supraspinal levels. In consequence, these microglia secrete bioactive compounds such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species, which modulate the ascending neuronal pathways conducting painful stimuli. Alternatively, ATP released at acupoints by AP/EAP may be enzymatically degraded to adenosine, stimulating in loco presynaptic A1Rs exerting an inhibitory influence on the primary afferent fibers (the above mentioned pain-sensing peripheral terminals of DRG neurons) which thereby fail to conduct action potentials to the spinal cord dorsal horn. The net effect of the stimulation of P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and A1Rs by the AP/EAP-induced release of ATP/adenosine at certain acupoints will be analgesia.

Extracellular creatine kinase may modulate purinergic signalling - L. M. Brewster (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Pannexin-1 channel “fuels” by releasing ATP from bone marrow cells a state of sterile inflammation required for optimal mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem cells - Monika Cymer; Katarzyna Brzezniakiewicz-Janus; Kamila Bujko; Arjun Thapa; Janina Ratajczak; Krzysztof Anusz; Michał Tracz; Agnieszka Jackowska-Tracz; Mariusz Z. Ratajczak; Mateusz Adamiak (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)
An efficient harvest of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) after pharmacological mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) and subsequent proper homing and engraftment of these cells are crucial for clinical outcomes from hematopoietic transplants. Since extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) plays an important role in both processes as an activator of sterile inflammation in the bone marrow microenvironment, we focused on the role of Pannexin-1 channel in the secretion of ATP to trigger both egress of HSPCs out of BM into PB as well as in reverse process that is their homing to BM niches after transplantation into myeloablated recipient. We employed a specific blocking peptide against Pannexin-1 channel and noticed decreased mobilization efficiency of HSPCs as well as other types of BM-residing stem cells including mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). To explain better a role of Pannexin-1, we report that eATP activated Nlrp3 inflammasome in Gr-1 + and CD11b + cells enriched for granulocytes and monocytes. This led to release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and mitochondrial DNA (miDNA) that activate complement cascade (ComC) required for optimal egress of HSPCs from BM. On the other hand, Pannexin-1 channel blockage in transplant recipient mice leads to a defect in homing and engraftment of HSPCs. Based on this, Pannexin-1 channel as a source of eATP plays an important role in HSPCs trafficking.

Regulation of tumor infiltrated innate immune cells by adenosine - Regina Strakhova; Octavia Cadassou; Emeline Cros-Perrial; Lars Petter Jordheim (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Adult mesenchymal stem cells: is there a role for purine receptors in their osteogenic differentiation? - Marzia Carluccio; Sihana Ziberi; Mariachiara Zuccarini; Patricia Giuliani; Francesco Caciagli; Patrizia Di Iorio; Renata Ciccarelli (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

P2X7 receptors and klotho - Robert Unwin (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Professor Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020) - Maria P. Abbracchio; Kenneth A. Jacobson; Christa E. Müller; Herbert Zimmermann (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Guanosine, a guanine-based nucleoside relaxed isolated corpus cavernosum from mice through cGMP accumulation - Aline de Souza Nicoletti; Gabriela Reolon Passos; Gabriela Maria Bertollotto; Caroline Honaiser Lescano; Mariana Gonçalves de Oliveira; Edson Antunes; Fabiola Zakia Mónica (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Adenosine receptors regulate exosome production - Nils Ludwig; Juliana H. Azambuja; Aparna Rao; Delbert G. Gillespie; Edwin K. Jackson; Theresa L. Whiteside (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Innate immunity orchestrates the mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by engaging purinergic signaling—an update - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak; Mateusz Adamiak; Kamila Bujko; Arjun Thapa; Valentina Pensato; Magda Kucia; Janina Ratajczak; Henning Ulrich (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

P2X7 siRNA targeted to the kidneys increases klotho and delays the progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy - A. M. Rodrigues; R. S. Serralha; D. Y. Lima; G. R. Punaro; I. Visona; M. J. S. Fernandes; E. M. S. Higa (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Characterization of the N6-etheno-bridge method to assess extracellular metabolism of adenine nucleotides: detection of a possible role for purine nucleoside phosphorylase in adenosine metabolism - Edwin K. Jackson; Delbert G. Gillespie; Dongmei Cheng; Zaichuan Mi; Elizabeth V. Menshikova (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson’s disease - Jiang-Fan Chen; Rodrigo A. Cunha (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Analysis of purine receptor expression and functionality in alveolar epithelial cells - Cynthia Olotu; Martina Kiefmann; Cornelia Ronneburg; Felix Lehmensiek; Annelie Cuvenhaus; Volker Meidl; Alwin E. Goetz; Rainer Kiefmann (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Purinergic signaling and tumor microenvironment in cervical Cancer - Marta Schmidt Pfaffenzeller; Maria Luiza Mukai Franciosi; Andréia Machado Cardoso (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

The P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 administered thrice weekly from disease onset does not alter progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD1G93A mice - Diane Ly; Anjila Dongol; Peter Cuthbertson; Thomas V. Guy; Nicholas J. Geraghty; Reece A. Sophocleous; Lucia Sin; Bradley J. Turner; Debbie Watson; Justin J. Yerbury; Ronald Sluyter (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Reactive oxygen species play a role in P2X7 receptor-mediated IL-6 production in spinal astrocytes - Frances M. Munoz; Priya A. Patel; Xinghua Gao; Yixiao Mei; Jingsheng Xia; Sofia Gilels; Huijuan Hu (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Caffeine exposure ameliorates acute ischemic cell death in avian developing retina - D. Pereira-Figueiredo; R. Brito; D. S. M. Araújo; A. A. Nascimento; E. S. B. Lyra; A. M. S. S. Cheibub; A. D. Pereira Netto; A. L. M. Ventura; R. Paes-de-Carvalho; K. C. Calaza (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

The role of purinergic P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors in ADPβS-induced inhibition of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic drive in pithed rats - Belinda Villanueva-Castillo; Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla; Kristian Agmund Haanes; Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink; Carlos M. Villalón (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Modulation of P2Y2 receptors in bovine cumulus oocyte complexes: effects on intracellular calcium, zona hardening and developmental competence - E. Fonseca; P. Mesquita; C. C. Marques; M. C. Baptista; J. Pimenta; J. E. Matos; G. Soveral; R. M. L. N. Pereira (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Prevention and rescue of cardiac dysfunction by methanocarba adenosine monophosphonate derivatives - Jian-Bing Shen; Kiran S. Toti; Saibal Chakraborty; T. Santhosh Kumar; Chunxia Cronin; Bruce T. Liang; Kenneth A. Jacobson (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Imatinib mesylate affects extracellular ATP catabolism and expression of NTPDases in a chronic myeloid leukemia cell line - Julia Biz Willig; Débora Renz Barreto Vianna; Aline Beckenkamp; Liziane Raquel Beckenkamp; Jean Sévigny; Márcia Rosângela Wink; Andréia Buffon; Diogo André Pilger (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Involvement of P2 receptors in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic disorders, and as pharmacological targets - Kelly Juliana Filippin; Kamylla F. S. de Souza; Roberto Theodoro de Araujo Júnior; Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato; Dhébora Albuquerque Dias; Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto; Alice Teixeira Ferreira; Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

Expression of P2X receptors in the rat anterior pituitary - Wenqi Zhao; Yu Zhang; Ruihua Ji; Gillian E. Knight; Geoffrey Burnstock; Hongbin Yuan; Zhenghua Xiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2020)

The antidepressant-like effect of guanosine is dependent on GSK-3β inhibition and activation of MAPK/ERK and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways - Priscila B. Rosa; Luis E. B. Bettio; Vivian B. Neis; Morgana Moretti; Isabel Werle; Rodrigo B. Leal; Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Editor’s note - Geoff Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Purinergic signaling in hepatic disease - E. Velázquez-Miranda; M. Díaz-Muñoz; F. G. Vázquez-Cuevas (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Guanosine prevents oxidative damage and glutamate uptake impairment induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation in cortical astrocyte cultures: involvement of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and PI3K, MEK, and PKC pathways - Tharine Dal-Cim; Gabriela G. Poluceno; Débora Lanznaster; Karen A. de Oliveira; Claudia B. Nedel; Carla I. Tasca (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Role of purines in regulation of metabolic reprogramming - Zhenwei Tang; Wenrui Ye; Haotian Chen; Xinwei Kuang; Jia Guo; Minmin Xiang; Cong Peng; Xiang Chen; Hong Liu (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Reviewing the role of P2Y receptors in specific gastrointestinal cancers - Steve Dagenais Bellefeuille; Caroline M. Molle; Fernand-Pierre Gendron (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Guanosine and GMP increase the number of granular cerebellar neurons in culture: dependence on adenosine A2A and ionotropic glutamate receptors - Helena Decker; Tetsade C. B. Piermartiri; Cláudia B. Nedel; Luciana F. Romão; Sheila S. Francisco; Tharine Dal-Cim; Carina R. Boeck; Vivaldo Moura-Neto; Carla I. Tasca (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by ATP analogues - Jessal J. Patel; Lucie E. Bourne; José Luis Millán; Timothy R. Arnett; Vicky E. MacRae; Caroline P. D. Wheeler-Jones; Isabel R. Orriss (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

High-resolution detection of ATP release from single cultured mouse dorsal horn spinal cord glial cells and its modulation by noradrenaline - Varen Eersapah; Sylain Hugel; Rémy Schlichter (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Role of purinergic receptors in hepatobiliary carcinoma in Pakistani population: an approach towards proinflammatory role of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors - Arun Asif; Madiha Khalid; Sobia Manzoor; Hassam Ahmad; Aman Ur Rehman (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

The P2-receptor-mediated Ca2+ signalosome of the human pulmonary endothelium - implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension - Jan K. Hennigs; Nicole Lüneburg; Annett Stage; Melanie Schmitz; Jakob Körbelin; Lars Harbaum; Christiane Matuszcak; Julia Mienert; Carsten Bokemeyer; Rainer H. Böger; Rainer Kiefmann; Hans Klose (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Onset kinetics of noise-induced purinergic adaptation of the ‘cochlear amplifier’ - Jennie M. E. Cederholm; Allen F. Ryan; Gary D. Housley (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Correction to: Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes - Molhm Nassir; Uri Arad; Sang-Yong Lee; Shani Journo; Salahuddin Mirza Christian Renn; Herbert Zimmermann; Julie Pelletier; Jean Sévigny; Christa E. Müller; Bilha Fischer (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Establishment and inaugural meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Purine Club - Geoffrey Burnstock; Jennie M. E. Cederholm; Ronald Sluyter; Srdjan M. Vlajkovic (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

The Inaugural Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Purine Club (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Development of a P2X1-eYFP receptor knock-in mouse to track receptors in real time - Martyn P. Mahaut Smith; Richard J. Evans; Catherine Vial (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Adenosine receptor expression in the adult zebrafish retina - Stephanie L. Grillo; Dillon S. McDevitt; Matthew G. Voas; Amanda S. Khan; Michael A. Grillo; Salvatore L. Stella (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Profiling of a suramin-derived compound library at recombinant human P2Y receptors identifies NF272 as a competitive but non-selective P2Y2 receptor antagonist - Nicole Brockmann; Parichat Sureechatchaiyan; David Müller; Tatiana Hennicke; Ralf Hausmann; Gerhard Fritz; Alexandra Hamacher; Matthias U. Kassack (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Multiple adenosine receptor subtypes stimulate wound healing in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells - Zeinab Bonyanian; Matthew Walker; Eugene Du Toit; Roselyn B. Rose’Meyer (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

From the Sino-German collaboration on purines to the Chinese Purine Club - Yong Tang; Hai-Yan Yin; Peter Illes; Geoffrey Burnstock; Jiang-Fan Chen (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Selective deletion of ENTPD1/CD39 in macrophages exacerbates biliary fibrosis in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis - Sonja Rothweiler; Linda Feldbrügge; Zhenghui Gordon Jiang; Eva Csizmadia; Maria Serena Longhi; Kahini Vaid; Keiichi Enjyoji; Yury V. Popov; Simon C. Robson (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

SUSO PINTOR - Geoffrey Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Electroacupuncture inhibits visceral pain via adenosine receptors in mice with inflammatory bowel disease - Tengfei Hou; Hongchun Xiang; Lingling Yu; Wen Su; Yang Shu; Hongping Li; He Zhu; Lixue Lin; Xuefei Hu; Shangdong Liang; Hong Zhang; Man Li (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Integration of purinergic and angiotensin II receptor function in renal vascular responses and renal injury in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension - Martha Franco; Oscar Pérez-Méndez; Supaporn Kulthinee; L. Gabriel Navar (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Loss of function mutation in the P2X7, a ligand-gated ion channel gene associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Amitabh Biswas; Ali Raza; Soumi Das; Mitali Kapoor; Rijith Jayarajan; Ankit Verma; Karuthedath Vellarikkal Shamsudheen; Benrithung Murry; Sandeep Seth; Balram Bhargava; Vinod Scaria; Sridhar Sivasubbu; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

P2X1 receptor blockers reduce the number of circulating thrombocytes and the overall survival of urosepsis with haemolysin-producing Escherichia coli - Marianne Skals; Anne-Sofie Greve; Steen K. Fagerberg; Nanna Johnsen; Mette G. Christensen; Helle A. Praetorius (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

The ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2) in human endometrium: a novel marker of basal stroma and mesenchymal stem cells - Carla Trapero; August Vidal; Aitor Rodríguez-Martínez; Jean Sévigny; Jordi Ponce; Buenaventura Coroleu; Xavier Matias-Guiu; Mireia Martín-Satué (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

P2X3 receptors contribute to muscle pain induced by static contraction by a mechanism dependent on neutrophil migration - Bruna de Melo Aquino; Diogo Francisco da Silva dos Santos; Carolina Ocanha Jorge; Aline Carolina Salgado Marques; Juliana Maia Teixeira; Carlos Amilcar Parada; Maria Claudia Goncalves Oliveira-Fusaro (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Bile acids are potent inhibitors of rat P2X2 receptors - Axel Schmidt; Sylvia Joussen; Ralf Hausmann; Stefan Gründer; Dominik Wiemuth (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes - Molhm Nassir; Uri Arad; Sang-Yong Lee; Shani Journo; Salahuddin Mirza; Christian Renn; Herbert Zimmermann; Julie Pelletier; Jean Sévigny; Christa E. Müller; Bilha Fischer (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

P2X7-mediated ATP secretion is accompanied by depletion of cytosolic ATP - Bjarne Johnsen; Klaus Eric Kaschubowski; Sorush Nader; Enja Schneider; Jan-Andrei Nicola; Ralf Fliegert; Insa M. A. Wolf; Andreas H. Guse; Viacheslav O. Nikolaev; Friedrich Koch-Nolte; Friedrich Haag (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Altered donor P2X7 activity in human leukocytes correlates with P2RX7 genotype but does not affect the development of graft-versus-host disease in humanised mice - S. R. Adhikary; N. J. Geraghty; P. Cuthbertson; R. Sluyter; D. Watson (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Autocrine stimulation of P2Y1 receptors is part of the purinergic signaling mechanism that regulates T cell activation - Tobias Woehrle; Carola Ledderose; Jessica Rink; Christian Slubowski; Wolfgang G. Junger (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

A live cell NanoBRET binding assay allows the study of ligand-binding kinetics to the adenosine A3 receptor - Monica Bouzo-Lorenzo; Leigh A. Stoddart; Lizi Xia; Adriaan P. IJzerman; Laura H. Heitman; Stephen J. Briddon; Stephen J. Hill (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Announcement of the resignation of Herbert Zimmerman as an Associate Editor - Geoffrey Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Point-of-care measurements reveal release of purines into venous blood of stroke patients - Nicholas Dale; Faming Tian; Ravjit Sagoo; Norman Phillips; Chris Imray; Christine Roffe (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Inhibition of the adenosinergic pathway: the indispensable part of oncological therapy in the future - Yi Huang; Zili Gu; Yang Fan; Guangxi Zhai; Xiaogang Zhao; Qifeng Sun; Yanbin Shi; Guimei Lin (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Extracellular ATP and β-NAD alter electrical properties and cholinergic effects in the rat heart in age-specific manner - Ksenia B. Pustovit; Viktoria M. Potekhina; Alexandra D. Ivanova; Alexey M. Petrov; Denis V. Abramochkin; Vlad S. Kuzmin (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Evidence for detection of rat P2X4 receptor expressed on cells by generating monoclonal antibodies recognizing the native structure - Tatsuhiro Igawa; Shuhei Kishikawa; Yoshito Abe; Tomohiro Yamashita; Saki Nagai; Mitsunori Shiroishi; Chinatsu Shinozaki; Hiroyuki Tanaka; Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh; Makoto Tsuda; Kazuhide Inoue; Tadashi Ueda (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP is increased in blood plasma of prostate cancer patients - Carla Fernanda Furtado Gardani; Angélica Regina Cappellari; Julia Brandt de Souza; Bruna Tertuliano da Silva; Paula Engroff; Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz; Juliete Nathali Scholl; Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini; Fabrício Figueiró; Fernanda Bueno Morrone (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Allergic sensitization increases the amount of extracellular ATP hydrolyzed by guinea pig leukocytes - Jaime Chávez; Mario H. Vargas; Jesús Martínez-Zúñiga; Ramcés Falfán-Valencia; Enrique Ambrocio-Ortiz; Verónica Carbajal; Rosa Sandoval-Roldán (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Integrated use of LC/MS/MS and LC/Q-TOF/MS targeted metabolomics with automated label-free microscopy for quantification of purine metabolites in cultured mammalian cells - S. Eric Nybo; Jennifer T. Lamberts (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Adenosine A2A and histamine H3 receptors interact at the cAMP/PKA pathway to modulate depolarization-evoked [3H]-GABA release from rat striato-pallidal terminals - Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa; Nayeli Rivera-Ramírez; Raúl González-Pantoja; Juan Escamilla-Sánchez; Ubaldo García-Hernández; Emilio J. Galván; José-Antonio Arias-Montaño (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Microparticulate P2X7 and GSDM-D mediated regulation of functional IL-1β release - Srabani Mitra; Anasuya Sarkar (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Resveratrol-mediated reversal of changes in purinergic signaling and immune response induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection of neural progenitor cells - Nathieli B. Bottari; Micheli M. Pillat; Maria R.C. Schetinger; Karine P. Reichert; Vanessa Machado; Charles E. Assmann; Henning Ulrich; Anielen Dutra; Vera M. Morsch; Taís Vidal; Ivana B. M. Da Cruz; Cinthia Melazzo; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Adenosine plasma level in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation and normal heart during ablation procedure and/or cardioversion - Baptiste Maille; Marion Marlinge; Donato Vairo; Giovanna Mottola; Linda Koutbi; Pierre Deharo; Marguerite Gastaldi; Marine Gaudry; Claire Guiol; Sara Bottone; Patrick Mace; Rosita Gueant; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Announcement of the resignation of Holger Eltzschig as an Associate Editor - Geoffrey Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Impact of genetic variations in ADORA2A gene on depression and symptoms: a cross-sectional population-based study - Sílvia Oliveira; Ana Paula Ardais; Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos; Marta Gazal; Karen Jansen; Luciano de Mattos Souza; Ricardo Azevedo da Silva; Manuella Pinto Kaster; Diogo Rizzato Lara; Gabriele Ghisleni (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Purinergic implication in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—from pathological mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives - M. Cieślak; K. Roszek; M. Wujak (Purinergic Signalling, 2019)

Purines 2018 Basic and Translational Science on Purinergic Signaling and its Components for a Healthy and Better World (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Characterization of purinergic receptor expression in ARPKD cystic epithelia - Oleg Palygin; Daria V. Ilatovskaya; Vladislav Levchenko; Christine A. Klemens; Lashodya Dissanayake; Anna Marie Williams; Tengis S. Pavlov; Alexander Staruschenko (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Hypoxic expression of NLRP3 and VEGF in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells: contribution of P2Y2 receptor signaling - Fabian Doktor; Philipp Prager; Peter Wiedemann; Leon Kohen; Andreas Bringmann; Margrit Hollborn (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Multiple steps determine CD73 shedding from RPE: lipid raft localization, ARA1 interaction, and MMP-9 up-regulation - Wei Zhang; Shumin Zhou; Guoping Liu; Fanqiang Kong; Song Chen; Hua Yan (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

P2X4R promotes airway remodeling by acting on the phenotype switching of bronchial smooth muscle cells in rats - Li Wang; Xiaoqian Feng; Bing Hu; Qingqing Xia; Xiuqin Ni; Yinli Song (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Mechanism of P2X7 receptor-dependent enhancement of neuromuscular transmission in pannexin 1 knockout mice - Anna S. Miteva; Alexander E. Gaydukov; Valery I. Shestopalov; Olga P. Balezina (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Expanding the clinical relevance of the 5′-nucleotidase cN-II/NT5C2 - Lars Petter Jordheim (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Role of purinergic receptors in the Alzheimer’s disease - Marek Cieślak; Andrzej Wojtczak (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)
Etiology of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not fully understood. Different pathological processes are considered, such as amyloid deposition, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress (OS), metal ion disregulation, or chronic neuroinflammation. Purinergic signaling is involved in all these processes, suggesting the importance of nucleotide receptors (P2X and P2Y) and adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) present on the CNS cells. Ecto-purines, ecto-pyrimidines, and enzymes participating in their metabolism are present in the inter-cellular spaces. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in brain induces the ATP release into the extra-cellular space, which in turn stimulates the P2X7 receptors. Activation of P2X7 results in the increased synthesis and release of many pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, activation of P2X7 leads to the decreased activity of α-secretase, while activation of P2Y2 receptor has an opposite effect. Simultaneous inhibition of P2X7 and stimulation of P2Y2 would therefore be the efficient way of the α-secretase activation. Activation of P2Y2 receptors present in neurons, glia cells, and endothelial cells may have a positive neuroprotective effect in AD. The OS may also be counteracted via the purinergic signaling. ADP and its non-hydrolysable analogs activate P2Y13 receptors, leading to the increased activity of heme oxygenase, which has a cytoprotective activity. Adenosine, via A1 and A2A receptors, affects the dopaminergic and glutaminergic signaling, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), and also changes the synaptic plasticity (e.g., causing a prolonged excitation or inhibition) in brain regions responsible for learning and memory. Such activity may be advantageous in the Alzheimer’s disease.

The ecto-enzymes CD73 and adenosine deaminase modulate 5′-AMP-derived adenosine in myofibroblasts of the rat small intestine - Anna Bin; Valentina Caputi; Michela Bistoletti; Monica Montopoli; Rocchina Colucci; Luca Antonioli; Sara De Martin; Ignazio Castagliuolo; Genny Orso; Cristina Giaroni; Patrizia Debetto; Maria Cecilia Giron (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Mononuclear-cell-derived microparticles attenuate endothelial inflammation by transfer of miR-142-3p in a CD39 dependent manner - Stephanie Kuhn; Katrin Splith; Cindy Ballschuh; Linda Feldbrügge; Felix Krenzien; Georgi Atanasov; Christian Benzing; Hans-Michael Hau; Cornelius Engelmann; Thomas Berg; Jan Schulte am Esch; Johann Pratschke; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Light-induced ATP release from the lens - Jesús Pintor (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Adenosine signaling and adenosine deaminase regulation of immune responses: impact on the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection - Daniela F. Passos; Viviane M. Bernardes; Jean L. G. da Silva; Maria R. C. Schetinger; Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Administration of an antagonist of P2X7 receptor to EAE rats prevents a decrease of expression of claudin-5 in cerebral capillaries - Tomasz Grygorowicz; Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta; Lidia Strużyńska (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptor activation elicits intracellular calcium responses in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells - Seema Ali; Jeremy Turner; Samuel J. Fountain (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Suppressing PKC-dependent membrane P2X3 receptor upregulation in dorsal root ganglia mediated electroacupuncture analgesia in rat painful diabetic neuropathy - Ya-feng Zhou; Xiao-ming Ying; Xiao-fen He; Sheng-Yun Shou; Jun-Jun Wei; Zhao-xia Tai; Xiao-mei Shao; Yi Liang; Fang Fang; Jian-qiao Fang; Yong-liang Jiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Involvement of P2Y12 receptor of stellate ganglion in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy - Jingjing Guo; Xuan Sheng; Yu Dan; Yurong Xu; Yuanruohan Zhang; Huihong Ji; Jiayue Wang; Zixi Xu; Hongyu Che; Guodong Li; Shangdong Liang; Guilin Li (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Adenosine enhances cisplatin sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells - Parichat Sureechatchaiyan; Alexandra Hamacher; Nicole Brockmann; Bjoern Stork; Matthias U. Kassack (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Eric Barnard obituary - Geoff Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

A promising drug candidate for the treatment of glaucoma based on a P2Y6-receptor agonist - Tali Fishman Jacob; Vijay Singh; Mudit Dixit; Tamar Ginsburg-Shmuel; Begoña Fonseca; Jesus Pintor; Moussa B. H. Youdim; Dan T. Major; Orly Weinreb; Bilha Fischer (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Expression of P2X1 receptors in somatostatin-containing cells in mouse gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets of both mouse and human - Ruihua Ji; Jiao Zhu; Dan Wang; Qian-Qian Sui; Gillian E. Knight; Geoffrey Burnstock; Hongbin Yuan; Zhenghua Xiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Increased Ap4A levels and ecto-nucleotidase activity in glaucomatous mice retina - María J. Pérez de Lara; Ana Guzmán-Aranguez; Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes; Javier Gualix; María Teresa Miras-Portugal; Jesús Pintor (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Editor’s note - Geoff Burnstock (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

P2X7 ionotropic receptor is functionally expressed in rabbit articular chondrocytes and mediates extracellular ATP cytotoxicity - Hitoshi Tanigawa; Futoshi Toyoda; Kosuke Kumagai; Noriaki Okumura; Tsutomu Maeda; Hiroshi Matsuura; Shinji Imai (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Neuronal adenosine A2A receptor overexpression is neuroprotective towards 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal toxicity: a rat model of Huntington’s disease - Maria Rosaria Domenici; Valentina Chiodi; Mirko Averna; Monica Armida; Antonella Pèzzola; Rita Pepponi; Antonella Ferrante; Michael Bader; Kjell Fuxe; Patrizia Popoli (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Loss of P2X7 receptor function dampens whole body energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation - Giacomo Giacovazzo; Savina Apolloni; Roberto Coccurello (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

A feasibility study into adenosine triphosphate measurement in exhaled breath condensate: a potential bedside method to monitor alveolar deformation - Philip van der Zee; Peter Somhorst; Jeroen Molinger; Djo Hasan; Diederik Gommers (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Tritium-labeled agonists as tools for studying adenosine A2B receptors - Sonja Hinz; Wessam M. Alnouri; Ulrich Pleiss; Christa E. Müller (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Intralesional uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) treatment induced resistance to Leishmania amazonensis infection by boosting Th1 immune responses and reactive oxygen species production - Camila Marques-da-Silva; Mariana M. Chaves; Maria Luiza Thorstenberg; Vanessa R. Figliuolo; Flávia S. Vieira; Suzana P. Chaves; José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes; Bartira Rossi-Bergmann; Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio; Robson Coutinho-Silva (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

The involvement of purinergic signalling in obesity - Geoffrey Burnstock; Daniela Gentile (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and severity of coronary atherosclerosis during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome - Mélanie Gaubert; Marion Marlinge; Marine Alessandrini; Marc Laine; Laurent Bonello; Julien Fromonot; Jennifer Cautela; Franck Thuny; Jeremie Barraud; Giovanna Mottola; Pascal Rossi; Emmanuel Fenouillet; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

P2X7 receptor and klotho expressions in diabetic nephropathy progression - A. M. Rodrigues; R. S. Serralha; C. Farias; G. R. Punaro; M. J. S. Fernandes; Elisa Mieko Suemitsu Higa (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

NPP1 is responsible for potent extracellular ATP hydrolysis as NTPDase1 in primary cultured murine microglia - Hye Min Lim; Woon Heo; Jung Woo Han; Min Goo Lee; Joo Young Kim (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Functional coupling between adenosine A1 receptors and G-proteins in rat and postmortem human brain membranes determined with conventional guanosine-5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding or [35S]GTPγS/immunoprecipitation assay - Yuji Odagaki; Masakazu Kinoshita; Toshio Ota; J. Javier Meana; Luis F. Callado; Isao Matsuoka; Jesús A. García-Sevilla (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Pharmacological dissection of the cellular mechanisms associated to the spontaneous and the mechanically stimulated ATP release by mesentery endothelial cells: roles of thrombin and TRPV - M. Verónica Donoso; Felipe Hernández; Tania Villalón; Claudio Acuña-Castillo; J. Pablo Huidobro-Toro (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

CD39-adenosinergic axis in renal pathophysiology and therapeutics - Bellamkonda K. Kishore; Simon C. Robson; Karen M. Dwyer (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Epac is required for exogenous and endogenous stimulation of adenosine A2B receptor for inhibition of angiotensin II-induced collagen synthesis and myofibroblast differentiation - Sarawuth Phosri; Kwanchai Bunrukchai; Warisara Parichatikanond; Vilasinee H. Sato; Supachoke Mangmool (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

UDP-induced relaxation is enhanced in aorta from female obese Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty rats - Shota Kobayashi; Takayuki Matsumoto; Makoto Ando; Maika Iguchi; Shun Watanabe; Kumiko Taguchi; Tsuneo Kobayashi (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

N-terminal tagging of human P2X7 receptor disturbs calcium influx and dye uptake - Karin Dreisig; Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen; Maja Wallentin Dommer; Niklas Rye Jørgensen; Birgitte Rahbek Kornum (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Loss of vascular expression of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/CD39 in hypertension - Charlotte Roy; Julie Tabiasco; Antoine Caillon; Yves Delneste; Jean Merot; Julie Favre; Anne Laure Guihot; Ludovic Martin; Daniele C. Nascimento; Bernhard Ryffel; Simon C. Robson; Jean Sévigny; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Species differences and mechanism of action of A3 adenosine receptor allosteric modulators - Lili Du; Zhan-Guo Gao; Silvia Paoletta; Tina C. Wan; Elizabeth T. Gizewski; Samantha Barbour; Jacobus P. D. van Veldhoven; Adriaan P. IJzerman; Kenneth A. Jacobson; John A. Auchampach (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression - Geoffrey Burnstock; Gillian E. Knight (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

P2Y12 receptor upregulation in satellite glial cells is involved in neuropathic pain induced by HIV glycoprotein 120 and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine - Zhihua Yi; Lihui Xie; Congfa Zhou; Huilong Yuan; Shuai Ouyang; Zhi Fang; Shanhong Zhao; Tianyu Jia; Lifang Zou; Shouyu Wang; Yun Xue; Bing Wu; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Distinct roles of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2) in liver regeneration and fibrosis - Linda Feldbrügge; Z. Gordon Jiang; Eva Csizmadia; Shuji Mitsuhashi; Stephanie Tran; Eric U. Yee; Sonja Rothweiler; Kahini A. Vaid; Jean Sévigny; Moritz Schmelzle; Yury V. Popov; Simon C. Robson (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel locally acting A2A receptor agonist in a rat model of oxazolone-induced colitis - L. Antonioli; A. El-Tayeb; C. Pellegrini; M. Fornai; O. Awwad; G. Giustarini; G. Natale; L. Ryskalin; Z. H. Németh; C. E. Müller; C. Blandizzi; R. Colucci (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

Myeloid P2Y2 receptor promotes acute inflammation but is dispensable for chronic high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction - Samantha E. Adamson; Garren Montgomery; Scott A. Seaman; Shayn M. Peirce-Cottler; Norbert Leitinger (Purinergic Signalling, 2018)

POM-1 inhibits P2 receptors and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages - Gabriela Pimenta-dos-Reis; Eduardo José Lopes Torres; Paula Gabriela Quintana; Lincon Onorio Vidal; Bárbara Andréa Fortes dos Santos; Chuan-Sheng Lin; Norton Heise; Pedro Muanis Persechini; Julieta Schachter (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Various N-glycoforms differentially upregulate E-NTPDase activity of the NTPDase3/CD39L3 ecto-enzymatic domain - Alexander H. Zhong; Z. Gordon Jiang; Richard D. Cummings; Simon C. Robson (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Divergent coronary flow responses to uridine adenosine tetraphosphate in atherosclerotic ApoE knockout mice - Bunyen Teng; Hicham Labazi; Changyan Sun; Yan Yang; Xiaorong Zeng; S. Jamal Mustafa; Zhichao Zhou (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

P2X7R antagonism after subfailure overstretch injury of blood vessels reverses vasomotor dysfunction and prevents apoptosis - Weifeng Luo; Daniel Feldman; Reid McCallister; Colleen Brophy; Joyce Cheung-Flynn (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Abstracts from the 2017 Italian-German Purine Club Meeting (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils - Amanda Piccoli Frasson; Camila Braz Menezes; Gustavo Krumel Goelzer; Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto; Solange Cristina Garcia; Tiana Tasca (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

From the 7th Joint Italian-German Purine Club Meeting to European Purine Club Meetings - Felicita Pedata (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Nanoparticle-encapsulated emodin decreases diabetic neuropathic pain probably via a mechanism involving P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia - Lin Li; Xuan Sheng; Shanhong Zhao; Lifang Zou; Xinyao Han; Yingxin Gong; Huilong Yuan; Liran Shi; Lili Guo; Tianyu Jia; Shuangmei Liu; Bing Wu; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Bone turnover is altered in transgenic rats overexpressing the P2Y2 purinergic receptor - Maria Ellegaard; Cansu Agca; Solveig Petersen; Ankita Agrawal; Lars Schack Kruse; Ning Wang; Alison Gartland; Jens-Erik Beck Jensen; Niklas Rye Jørgensen; Yuksel Agca (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Inhibition of P2X7 receptors improves outcomes after traumatic brain injury in rats - Xiaofeng Liu; Zhengqing Zhao; Ruihua Ji; Jiao Zhu; Qian-Qian Sui; Gillian E. Knight; Geoffrey Burnstock; Cheng He; Hongbin Yuan; Zhenghua Xiang (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

In situ imaging reveals properties of purinergic signalling in trigeminal sensory ganglia in vitro - Arletta Nowodworska; Arn M. J. M. van den Maagdenberg; Andrea Nistri; Elsa Fabbretti (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Diphenyl diselenide modulates nucleotidases, reducing inflammatory responses in the liver of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice - Pedro H. Doleski; Daniela B. R. Leal; Vanessa S. Machado; Nathieli B. Bottari; Alessandra G. Manzoni; Emerson A. Casali; Cesar E. J. Moritz; Ana C. A. Rocha; Giovana Camillo; Fernanda F. Vogel; Lenita M. Stefani; Ricardo E. Mendes; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Colonic motor dysfunctions in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity: an involvement of A2B adenosine receptors - Luca Antonioli; Carolina Pellegrini; Matteo Fornai; Erika Tirotta; Daniela Gentile; Laura Benvenuti; Maria Cecilia Giron; Valentina Caputi; Ilaria Marsilio; Genny Orso; Nunzia Bernardini; Cristina Segnani; et al. (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)

Blood purine measurements as a rapid real-time indicator of reversible brain ischaemia - Faming Tian; Fakhra Bibi; Nicholas Dale; Christopher H. E. Imray (Purinergic Signalling, 2017)