Evapotranspiration Modeling Using Different Tree Based Ensembled Machine Learning Algorithm - Yash Agrawal; Manoranjan Kumar; Supriya Ananthakrishnan; Gopalakrishnan Kumarapuram (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Optimizing Approach of Water Allocation to Off-Takes During Reduced Flows - Irfan Ahmed Shaikh; Aimrun Wayayok; Munir Ahmed Mangrio; Ziyad Ali Alhussain; Farman Ali Chandio; Zaheer Ahmed Khan; Waseem Asghar Khan; Mogtaba Mohammed; Murtada K. Elbashir; Jamshaid Ul Rahman (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Project Reference Evapotranspiration Under Climate Change Scenarios - Junaid Maqsood; Aitazaz A. Farooque; Farhat Abbas; Travis Esau; Xander Wang; Bishnu Acharya; Hassan Afzaal (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Monitoring and Predicting Saltwater Intrusion via Temporal Aquifer Vulnerability Maps and Surrogate Models - Fatemeh Faal; Hamid Reza Ghafouri; Seyed Mohammad Ashrafi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Multivariate Flood Frequency Analysis Using Bivariate Copula Functions - Homa Razmkhah; Alireza Fararouie; Amin Rostami Ravari (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Solving Complex Rainfall-Runoff Processes in Semi-Arid Regions Using Hybrid Heuristic Model - Anas Mahmood Al-Juboori (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Riprap Effect on Hydraulic Fracturing Process of Cohesive and Non-cohesive Protective Levees - Javad Ahadiyan; Farhad Bahmanpouri; Atefeh Adeli; Carlo Gualtieri; Alireza Khoshkonesh (Water Resources Management, 2022)

European Multi Model Ensemble (EMME): A New Approach for Monthly Forecast of Precipitation - Morteza Pakdaman; Iman Babaeian; Zohreh Javanshiri; Yashar Falamarzi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Translational Platform for Increasing Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture: Comparative Analysis of Plantation Crops - Eliav Shtull-Trauring; Asher Azenkot; Nirit Bernstein (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Inclusion of Ecological Water Requirements in Optimization of Water Resource Allocation Under Changing Climatic Conditions - Wencong Yue; Zhongqi Liu; Meirong Su; Meng Xu; Qiangqiang Rong; Chao Xu; Zhenkun Tan; Xuming Jiang; Zhixin Su; Yanpeng Cai (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Using Optimized Deep Learning to Predict Daily Streamflow: A Comparison to Common Machine Learning Algorithms - Khabat Khosravi; Ali Golkarian; John P. Tiefenbacher (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Dynamic Water Balance Accounting-Based Vulnerability Evaluation Considering Social Aspects - Elham Ebrahimi Sarindizaj; Mohammad Karamouz (Water Resources Management, 2022)

A Comparative Analysis of Data-Driven Models (SVR, ANFIS, and ANNs) for Daily Karst Spring Discharge Prediction - Akram Rahbar; Ali Mirarabi; Mohammad Nakhaei; Mahdi Talkhabi; Maryam Jamali (Water Resources Management, 2022)

An Efficient Approach for Nodal Water Demand Estimation in Large-scale Water Distribution Systems - Shipeng Chu; Tuqiao Zhang; Xinhong Zhou; Tingchao Yu; Yu Shao (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Comparison of Frequency Calculation Methods for Precipitation Series Containing Zero Values - Ting Wei; Songbai Song (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Town-Level Aquatic Environmental Sensitivity Assessment Based on an Improved Ecological Footprint Model - Huan Liu; Guangyuan Niu; Qingxiang Zhang; Yuxi Yang; Hong Yao (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Correction to: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Droughts Over Different Climate Regions Using Hybrid Clustering Method - Kiyoumars Roushangar; Roghayeh Ghasempour; Vahid Nourani (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Catchment-Scale and Local-Scale Based Evaluation of LID Effectiveness on Urban Drainage System Performance - Husnain Tansar; Huan-Feng Duan; Ole Mark (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Potential Performance of Hydraulic State Estimation in Water Distribution Networks - Emilio Ruiz; Sarai Díaz; Javier González (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Comparative Study of Flood Coincidence Risk Estimation Methods in the Mainstream and its Tributaries - Na Li; Shenglian Guo; Feng Xiong; Jun Wang; Yuzuo Xie (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Optimal Operational Scheduling of Pumps to Improve the Performance of Water Distribution Networks - Mehdi Dini; Mozhdeh Hemmati; Saeed Hashemi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Measurement of Resource Environmental Performance of Crop Planting Water Consumption Based on Water Footprint and Data Enveloped Analysis - Shuo Wang; Naixu Tian; Yuqi Dai; Haiyan Duan (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Correction to: Comparison of Self‑Organizing Map, Artificial Neural Network, and Co‑Active Neuro‑Fuzzy Inference System Methods in Simulating Groundwater Quality: Geospatial Artificial Intelligence - V. Gholami; M. R. Khaleghi; S. Pirasteh; Martijn J. Booij (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Residential Water Demand Under Increasing Block Rate Structure: Conservation Conundrum? - Brandli Stitzel; Cynthia L. Rogers (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Component-based Reconstruction Prediction of Runoff at Multi-time Scales in the Source Area of the Yellow River Based on the ARMA Model - Jinping Zhang; Honglin Xiao; Hongyuan Fang (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Correction to: Analysis of Water Quantity and Quality Trade‑Offs to Inform Selective Harvesting of Inflows in Complex Water Resource Systems - Sayani Dey; Andrew Barton; Harpreet Kandra; Adil Bagirov; Kym Wilson (Water Resources Management, 2022)

The Neglected Water Rebound Effect of Income and Employment Growth - Alexandros Gkatsikos; Konstadinos Mattas; Efstratios Loizou; Dimitrios Psaltopoulos (Water Resources Management, 2022)

A Cox Process with State-Dependent Exponential Pulses to Model Rainfall - Nadarajah I Ramesh; Gayatri Rode; Christian Onof (Water Resources Management, 2022)
A point process model based on a class of Cox processes is developed to analyse precipitation data at a point location. The model is constructed using state-dependent exponential pulses that are governed by an unobserved underlying Markov chain. The mathematical formulation of the model where both the arrival rate of the rain cells and the initial pulse depth are determined by the Markov chain is presented. Second-order properties of the rainfall depth process are derived and utilised in model assessment. A method of moment estimation is employed in model fitting. The proposed model is used to analyse 69 years of sub-hourly rainfall data from Germany and 15 years of English rainfall data. The results of the analysis using variants of the proposed model with fixed pulse lifetime and variable pulse duration are presented. The performance of the proposed model, in reproducing second-moment characteristics of the rainfall, is compared with that of two stochastic models where one has exponential pulses and the other has rectangular pulses. The proposed model is found to capture most of the empirical rainfall properties well and outperform the two alternative models considered in our analysis.

Performance Assessment of Model Averaging Techniques to Reduce Structural Uncertainty of Groundwater Modeling - Ahmad Jafarzadeh; Abbas Khashei-Siuki; Mohsen Pourreza-Bilondi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

A Novel Hybrid Method for River Discharge Prediction - Maha Shabbir; Sohail Chand; Farhat Iqbal (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Performance of Pilot-scale Constructed Floating Wetlands in the Removal of Nutrients and Pesticides - George Pavlidis; Ioanna Zotou; Helen Karasali; Anna Marousopoulou; Georgios Bariamis; Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis; Ioannis Nalbantis (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Separation of the Impact of Landuse/Landcover Change and Climate Change on Runoff in the Upstream Area of the Yangtze River, China - Naveed Ahmed; Genxu Wang; Martijn J. Booij; Sun Xiangyang; Fiaz Hussain; Ghulam Nabi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Calibration of METRIC Modeling for Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Landsat 8 Imagery Data - Masoud Derakhshandeh; Mustafa Tombul (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Analysis of Linear Scaling Method in Downscaling Precipitation and Temperature - Azreen Harina Azman; Nurul Nadrah Aqilah Tukimat; M. A. Malek (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Short and Medium Range Forecast of Soil Moisture for the Different Climatic Regions of India Using Temporal Networks - Riya Dutta; Rajib Maity; Parul Patel (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Floodplains and Connectivity Zones: Enhancing the Provision of Ecosystem Services - Marcelle Nardelli Baptista; Ricardo Valcarcel; Marcela Cohen Martelotte (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Uncertainty Assessment of the Integrated Hybrid Data Processing Techniques for Short to Long Term Drought Forecasting in Different Climate Regions - Kiyoumars Roushangar; Roghayeh Ghasempour; Farhad Alizadeh (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Real-time Flood Classification Forecasting Based on k-means++ Clustering and Neural Network - Hu Caihong; Zhang Xueli; Li Changqing; Liu Chengshuai; Wang Jinxing; Jian Shengqi (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Development a Novel Integrated Distributed Multi-objective Simulation-optimization Model for Coastal Aquifers Management Using NSGA-II and GMS Models - Mahmoud Mohammad Rezapour Tabari; Mahbobeh Abyar (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Scale matters: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Freshwater Conflicts from 1900-2019 - Dinko Hanaan Dinko (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Multiple Kernel Learning with Maximum Inundation Extent from MODIS Imagery for Spatial Prediction of Flood Susceptibility - Qiang Hu; Yuelong Zhu; Hexuan Hu; Zhuang Guan; Zeyu Qian; Aiming Yang (Water Resources Management, 2022)

What Drives Water Utility Selection of Pricing Methods? Evidence from California - M. Allaire; A. Dinar (Water Resources Management, 2022)
Water pricing is a demand management strategy to address the looming challenge of greater water scarcity in arid regions. Much of the literature on residential water rates focuses on evaluating the impact of pricing on household conservation. A separate, but rarely addressed question is what motivates a water utility to select a particular rate structure and the timing of doing so. We assess utilities’ decisions to adopt pro-conservation rate structures, such as increasing block rates and water budget rates. We develop a conceptual model of utility decision-making regarding the transition to pro-conservation rates and apply it to California. We examine the relationship between rate adoption and characteristics of utilities and customers using logistic regression and a balanced panel dataset of 323 California water systems from 2006-2015. We find a notable shift towards pro-conservation rates, which 71% of California utilities had by 2015, compared to 44% in 2006. Capacity factors associated with adoption include size of service population and customer income level, while motivating factors include peer adoption, greater customer engagement, and special district governance. Overall, this study provides insight into barriers to pro-conservation pricing, which can inform policies to enable transitions and advance conservation goals.

Climate-driven Model Based on Long Short-Term Memory and Bayesian Optimization for Multi-day-ahead Daily Streamflow Forecasting - Yani Lian; Jungang Luo; Jingmin Wang; Ganggang Zuo; Na Wei (Water Resources Management, 2022)

The Working Conditions and Optimisation of a Large Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System in an Area at a Risk of Erosion - Tomasz Zubala (Water Resources Management, 2022)
Rainwater harvesting and treatment systems (RHTS) are used in many places around the world as a part of sustainable water management. They decrease the risk of overloading the sewage network and environmental pollution. The efficiency and reasonableness of using such solutions in specific erosive conditions are not sufficiently understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the operation of RHTS, receiving effluents from the wholesale market and fuel station (twenty years of observations). The studied system is located in an area endangered by water erosion. In the study period, due to the accumulation of erosive phenomena, it was necessary to optimise the system (including the installation of new devices and increasing the capacity of reservoirs). The analyses referred to the stability and work safety of the most important equipment and water treatment efficiency. The quality of water in the reservoirs was measured before and after the modernisation of the system. Selected physical, oxygen, biogenic and salinity indicators were determined in the water. During the study, RHTS had a positive effect on the quality of rainwater runoff – the values of many contaminants were reduced (RHTS 1: suspended solids, nitrogen, iron, potassium; RHTS 2: conductivity, suspended solids, nitrogen). Design and operational errors were noticed that in the long run may contribute to deteriorating the operational efficiency and even lead to a building collapse (intense erosive phenomena). This study clearly demonstrates that building a rainwater management system is a highly site-specific issue.

Assessing the Global Relationships Between Teleconnection Factors and Terrestrial Water Storage Components - Peijun Li; Yuanyuan Zha; Liangsheng Shi; Hua Zhong; Chak-Hau Michael Tso; Mousong Wu (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Feature-based Groundwater Hydrograph Clustering Using Unsupervised Self-Organizing Map-Ensembles - Andreas Wunsch; Tanja Liesch; Stefan Broda (Water Resources Management, 2022)
Hydrograph clustering helps to identify dynamic patterns within aquifers systems, an important foundation of characterizing groundwater systems and their influences, which is necessary to effectively manage groundwater resources. We develope an unsupervised modeling approach to characterize and cluster hydrographs on regional scale according to their dynamics. We apply feature-based clustering to improve the exploitation of heterogeneous datasets, explore the usefulness of existing features and propose new features specifically useful to describe groundwater hydrographs. The clustering itself is based on a powerful combination of Self-Organizing Maps with a modified DS2L-Algorithm, which automatically derives the cluster number but also allows to influence the level of detail of the clustering. We further develop a framework that combines these methods with ensemble modeling, internal cluster validation indices, resampling and consensus voting to finally obtain a robust clustering result and remove arbitrariness from the feature selection process. Further we propose a measure to sort hydrographs within clusters, useful for both interpretability and visualization. We test the framework with weekly data from the Upper Rhine Graben System, using more than 1800 hydrographs from a period of 30 years (1986-2016). The results show that our approach is adaptively capable of identifying homogeneous groups of hydrograph dynamics. The resulting clusters show both spatially known and unknown patterns, some of which correspond clearly to external controlling factors, such as intensive groundwater management in the northern part of the test area. This framework is easily transferable to other regions and, by adapting the describing features, also to other time series-clustering applications.

Utilizing Matrix Completion for Simulation and Optimization of Water Distribution Networks - Mashor Housh; Alaa Jamal (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Droughts Over Different Climate Regions Using Hybrid Clustering Method - Kiyoumars Roushangar; Roghayeh Ghasempour; Vahid Nourani (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Comparison of Self-Organizing Map, Artificial Neural Network, and Co-Active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Methods in Simulating Groundwater Quality: Geospatial Artificial Intelligence - V. Gholami; M. R. Khaleghi; S. Pirasteh; Martijn J. Booij (Water Resources Management, 2022)

Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems Integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization for Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction: a Novel Approach - Dilip Kumar Roy; Kowshik Kumar Saha; Mohammad Kamruzzaman; Sujit Kumar Biswas; Mohammad Anower Hossain (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Monthly Streamflow Forecasting Using Convolutional Neural Network - Xingsheng Shu; Wei Ding; Yong Peng; Ziru Wang; Jian Wu; Min Li (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessment the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Through Mamdani Fuzzy Water Quality Index - Ghorban Asgari; Ensieh Komijani; Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi; Mohammad Khazaei (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Sustainable Water Supply and Demand Management in Semi-arid Regions: Optimizing Water Resources Allocation Based on RCPs Scenarios - Mahsa Mirdashtvan; Ali Najafinejad; Arash Malekian; Amir Sa’doddin (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Relationship Between Rainfall Duration and Sewer System Performance Measures Within the Context of Uncertainty - Bartosz Szeląg; Adam Kiczko; Grzegorz Łagód; Francesco De Paola (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Urbanization and climate change have resulted in an increase in catchment runoff, often exceeding the designed capacity of sewer systems. The decision to modernize a sewer system should be based on appropriate criteria. In engineering practice, the above is commonly achieved using a hydrodynamic model of the catchment and the simulation of various rainfall events. The article presents a methodology to analyze the effect of rainfall characteristics parametrized with intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves in regard to performance measures of sewerage networks (flood volume per unit impervious surface and share of overfilled manholes in the sewerage network) accounting for the model uncertainty determined via the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method. An urban catchment was modeled with the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Analyses showed that the model uncertainty exerts a large impact on certain measures of sewage network operation. Therefore, these measures should be analyzed in similar studies. This is very important at the stage of decision making in regard to the modernization and sustainable development of catchments. It was found that among the model parameters, the Manning roughness coefficient of sewer channels yields a key impact on the specific flood volume, while the area of impervious surfaces yields the greatest impact on the share of overflowed manholes.

Flood Control Operation of Reservoir Group Using Yin-Yang Firefly Algorithm - Hai-tao Chen; Wen-chuan Wang; Kwok-wing Chau; Lei Xu; Ji He (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Evaluating Spatiotemporal Variations in the Impact of Inter-basin Water Transfer Projects in Water-receiving Basin - Lijun Jiao; Ruimin Liu; Linfang Wang; Lin Li; Leiping Cao (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Novel Hybrid Decompose-Ensemble Strategy with a VMD-BPNN Approach for Daily Streamflow Estimating - Hui Hu; Jianfeng Zhang; Tao Li (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Prior Assumptions for Leak Localisation in Water Distribution Networks with Uncertainties - Caroline Blocher; Filippo Pecci; Ivan Stoianov (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Hydraulic model-based leak (burst) localisation in water distribution networks is a challenging problem due to a limited number of hydraulic measurements, a wide range of leak properties, and model and data uncertainties. In this study, prior assumptions are investigated to improve the leak localisation in the presence of uncertainties. For example, $$\ell _2$$ ℓ 2 -regularisation relies on the assumption that the Euclidean norm of the leak coefficient vector should be minimised. This approach is compared with a method based on the sensitivity matrix, which assumes the existence of only a single leak. The results show that while the sensitivity matrix method often yields a better leak location estimate in single leak scenarios, the $$\ell _2$$ ℓ 2 -regularisation successfully identifies a search area for pinpointing the accurate leak location. Furthermore, it is shown that the additional error introduced by a quadratic approximation of the Hazen-Williams formula for the solution of the localisation problem is negligible given the uncertainties in Hazen-Williams resistance coefficients in operational water network models.

Research on Scale Demonstration Technology of Inter Basin Water Transfer Project in Agricultural Irrigation - Jianhua Wang; Baodeng Hou; Yong Zhao; Weihua Xiao; Fan Lu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessing the Effect of Damaged and Fractured Concrete Cutoff Wall on the Dynamics of Seawater Intrusion - Ezzeddine Laabidi; Lamia Guellouz; Rachida Bouhlila (Water Resources Management, 2021)

The Reconstruction and Extension of Terrestrial Water Storage Based on a Combined Prediction Model - Erhao Meng; Shengzhi Huang; Qiang Huang; Linyin Cheng; Wei Fang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Developing a Decision-making Model to Enhance Artificial Aquifer Recharge Site Selection Through Floodwater Spreading Based on GIS and ELECTRE I - HamidReza Jahangirzadeh; Mehdi Ghanbarzadeh Lak (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Prediction of Seasonal Rainfall with One-year Lead Time Using Climate Indices: A Wavelet Neural Network Scheme - Meysam Ghamariadyan; Monzur A. Imteaz (Water Resources Management, 2021)

An Implicit Approach for Numerical Simulation of Water Hammer Induced Pressure in a Straight Pipe - Mohammad Bostan; Amir Hossein Azimi; Ali Akbar Akhtari; Hossein Bonakdari (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Identification of Critical Pipes for Water Distribution Network Rehabilitation - Ram Kailash Prasad (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance of Water Distribution System for Sustainable Management - Tarekegn Kuma; Brook Abate (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Fractal Relation of Channel Network with Source Basin Area - Joo-Cheol Kim (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Automatic Shifting Method for the Identification of Generalized Radial Flow Parameters by Water Cycle Optimization - A. Ufuk Şahin (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Management of Saltwater Intrusion in Data-scarce Coastal Aquifers: Impacts of Seasonality, Water Deficit, and Land Use - G. Rachid; I. Alameddine; M. El-Fadel (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Proposition of a Multi-Reservoir System Across the Border of Riparian Countries and Specifying Its Operational Outputs by Formulating Simulation Models - Yousif H. Al-Aqeeli; Thair M. Altaiee; Ali A. Abdulmawjood (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Evaluating Particle Deposition in the Artificial Groundwater Recharge Process by Physical and CT Imaging Experiments - Zhaokai Wang; Longcang Shu; Xiaoru Su; Shuyao Niu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessing Optimal Digital Elevation Model Selection for Active River Area Delineation Across Broad Regions - Shizhou Ma; Karen F. Beazley; Patrick Nussey; Christopher S. Greene (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Relevance of Reservoir Morphometry in the Evaporation Process: an Evaporation Model for Semi-Arid Regions - Eckhard Mozart Bezerra da Costa; Paulo Sérgio Lucio; Adelena Gonçalves Maia (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Implication of Remote Sensing Data under GIS Environment for Appraisal of Irrigation System Performance - Sultan Ahmad Rizvi; Afeef Ahmad; Muhammad Latif; Abdul Sattar Shakir; Aftab Ahmad Khan; Waqas Naseem; Muhammad Riaz Gondal (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Identification of the Groundwater Potential Recharge Zones Using MCDM Models: Full Consistency Method (FUCOM), Best Worst Method (BWM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) - Maryam Akbari; Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram; R. S Krishna; Biswajeet Pradhan; Sameer Shadeed; Khaled Mohamed Khedher; Mehdi Sepehri; Ali Reza Ildoromi; Fereshteh Alimerzaei; Fariba Darabi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Tale of Two Dams: The Impact of Reservoir Management on Rural Depopulation in Central Spain - Beatriz Larraz; Enrique San-Martin (Water Resources Management, 2021)
In rural areas, depopulation is mainly due to a lack of economic and employment opportunities. In this context, the reservoirs already built can be a source of socioeconomic development based on tourism and outdoor leisure activities. The condition for this development to materialize is that reservoir management considers these activities. In Central Spain, a process of rural depopulation has been generated in the municipalities around the reservoirs at the Upper Tagus River, as water management allows water transfers from the Tagus to the Segura River without taking into account regulations that prioritize and protect donor basin users. Through the comparison of reservoir water management and demographic data of two rural areas close to the reservoirs, this article reveals the direct relationship between reservoir management that enables recreational uses with its consequent socioeconomic development and the maintenance of the population in the territory. Consequently, reservoir water management based on the socioeconomic development of reservoir banks is necessary and a priority over transfers to another basin.

Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Urban Wastewater Reuse in Water Supply Alternatives Using Hybrid Bayesian Network Model - Javad Shafiee Neyestanak; Abbas Roozbahani (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Comfort Value of Water: Natural-artificial Dual-structured Analytical Framework for Comfort Assessment of Regional Water Environment and Landscape System - Bin Liu; Feilian Zhang; Feng-jang Hwang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Fuzzy Stress-based Modeling for Probabilistic Irrigation Planning Using Copula-NSPSO - Chen Wang; Yizi Shang; Majid Khayatnezhad (Water Resources Management, 2021)

An Ensemble Hybrid Forecasting Model for Annual Runoff Based on Sample Entropy, Secondary Decomposition, and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network - Wen-chuan Wang; Yu-jin Du; Kwok-wing Chau; Dong-mei Xu; Chang-jun Liu; Qiang Ma (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Identifying the Drought Impact Factors and Developing Drought Scenarios Using the DSD Model - Soyeon Lim; Seungyub Lee; Donghwi Jung (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Comparison of the Calculated Drought Return Periods Using Tri-variate and Bivariate Copula Functions Under Climate Change Condition - Elaheh Motevali Bashi Naeini; Ali Mohammad Akhoond-Ali; Fereydoun Radmanesh; Jahangir Abedi Koupai; Shahrokh Soltaninia (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Investments in the Modernization of Collective Management Irrigation Systems in Valencia (Spain) - Marta García-Mollá; Rosa Puertas; Carles Sanchis-Ibor (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Climate change and increased competition for water resources are generating growing concern about how to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. In turn, this has prompted substantial investments in the installation of water-saving technologies in irrigation systems. The first aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to quantify, in terms of gross water savings (GWS), the local-scale efficiency of the irrigation policies adopted in an area of Spain suffering from a structural water deficit. Second, the cross-efficiency method is used to produce a ranking of the irrigation organizations analysed, in order to identify patterns of water-use efficiency performance that can guide future lines of investment. The results reveal that water-use efficiency prior to modernization is a key determinant of the efficiency achieved in terms of GWS at local scale. However, the investments targeted at irrigation modernization often have objectives other than water savings. These and other aspects should be taken into account when allocating public funds to irrigation modernization.

Estimating the Aquifer’s Renewable Water to Mitigate the Challenges of Upcoming Megadrought Events - Ameneh Mianabadi; Seyed Majid Hasheminia; Kamran Davary; Hashem Derakhshan; Markus Hrachowitz (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Quantitative Analysis of Eco-economic Benefits of Urban Reclaimed Water Greening Based on Emergy Theory - Cuimei Lv; Yifan He; Wenge Zhang; Changkuan Gu; Yang Li; Denghua Yan (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Sociohydrology: An Effective Way to Reveal the Coupled Evolution of Human and Water Systems - Jiali Gu; Shikun Sun; Yubao Wang; Xiaojuan Li; Yali Yin; Jingxin Sun; Xinyu Qi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Response of Hydrodynamics and Water-quality Conditions to Climate Change in a Shallow Lake - Bojun Liu; Jun Xia; Feilin Zhu; Jin Quan; Hao Wang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Optimization Models for Layout and Pipe Design for Storm Sewer Systems - Faisal M. Alfaisal; Larry W. Mays (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Method for Analyzing Copula-Based Water Shortage Risk in Multisource Water Supply Cities - Chen An; Ming Dou; Jianling Zhang; Guiqiu Li (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Comparing Flow Duration Curves and Discharge Hydrographs to Assess Eco-flows - Xiaoming Guo; Lukai Xu; Lei Su; Yu Deng; Chaohui Yang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Transboundary Cooperation Through Water Related EU Directives’ Implementation Process. The Case of Shared Waters Between Bulgaria and Greece - Charalampos Skoulikaris (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Novel Bayesian Additive Regression Tree Methodology for Flood Susceptibility Modeling - Saeid Janizadeh; Mehdi Vafakhah; Zoran Kapelan; Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Application of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to the Optimal Operation of Hydropower Reservoir Systems Under Climate Change - Kobra Rahmati; Parisa-Sadat Ashofteh; Hugo A. Loáiciga (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Incorporating Social System into Water-Food-Energy Nexus - Amir Molajou; Parsa Pouladi; Abbas Afshar (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Shared Vision on the Transboundary Water Management Challenges of the Tagus River Basin - Melissa Nogueira Sondermann; Rodrigo Proença de Oliveira (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Nested Augmentation of Rainfall Monitoring Network: Proposing a Hybrid Implementation of Block Kriging and Entropy Theory - Bardia Bayat; Mohsen Nasseri; Khosrow Hosseini; Hojat Karami (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Simplified Methodology for Optimal Location and Setting of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems - Aurora Gullotta; Alberto Campisano; Enrico Creaco; Carlo Modica (Water Resources Management, 2021)
In this paper, a simplified methodology to increase the water distribution equity in existing intermittent water distribution systems (WDSs) is presented. The methodology assumes to install valves in the water distribution network with the objective to re-arrange the flow circulation, thus allowing an improved water distribution among the network users. Valve installation in the WDS is based on the use of algorithms of sequential addition (SA). Two optimization schemes based on SA were developed and tested. The first one allows identifying locations of gate valves in order to maximize the global distribution equity of the network, irrespectively of the local impact of the valves on the supply level of the single nodes. Conversely, the second scheme aims to maximize the global equity of the network by optimizing both location and setting (opening degree) of control valves, to include the impact of the new flow circulation on the supply level of each node. The two optimization schemes were applied to a case study network subject to water shortage conditions. The software EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used for the simulations in the wake of previous successful applications for the analysis of intermittent water distribution systems. Results of the application of the SA algorithms were also compared with those from the literature and obtained by the use of the multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The results show the high performance of SA algorithms in identifying optimal position and settings of the valves in the WDS. The comparison pointed out that SA algorithms are able to perform similarly to NSGA II and, at the same time, to reduce significantly the computational effort associated to the optimization process.

Short-Term Flood Control and Long-Term Energy Maximization in Multi-reservoir Systems Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization - Umut Güvengir; Secil Savasaneril; A. Burcu Altan-Sakarya; Serkan Buhan (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Daily Streamflow Forecasting Based on Flow Pattern Recognition - Fang-Fang Li; Han Cao; Chun-Feng Hao; Jun Qiu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Implicit Finite-Volume Scheme to Solve Coupled Saint-Venant and Darcy–Forchheimer Equations for Modeling Flow Through Porous Structures - Payam Sarkhosh; Amgad Salama; Yee-Chung Jin (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Model-Based Bayesian Framework for Pipeline Leakage Enumeration and Location Estimation - Juan Li; Ying Wu; Wenjun Zheng; Changgang Lu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessment of Shear Stress Distribution in Meandering Compound Channels with Differential Roughness Through Various Artificial Intelligence Approach - Abinash Mohanta; Arpan Pradhan; Monalisa Mallick; K. C. Patra (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Adaptive Metaheuristic Scheme for Generalized Multiple Abnormality Detection in a Reservoir Pipeline Valve System - S. Kim (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Implementation of Strategies for the Management of Dams with Sedimented Reservoirs - Pedro Wirley Castro; Carlos Alberto Mantilla (Water Resources Management, 2021)

SWMM-Based Assessment of the Improvement of Hydrodynamic Conditions of Urban Water System Connectivity - Xianqi Zhang; Kai Wang; Tao Wang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Regional Frequency Analysis Based on Precipitation Regionalization Accounting for Temporal Variability and a Nonstationary Index Flood Model - Qianyu Gao; Guofang Li; Jin Bao; Jian Wang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Stochastic Design of Flood Control Systems; Uncertainty Propagation and Results Representation - Saeed Alimohammadi; Masoume Behrouz (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Quadratic Discriminant Analysis Based Ensemble Machine Learning Models for Groundwater Potential Modeling and Mapping - Duong Hai Ha; Phong Tung Nguyen; Romulus Costache; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Tran Van Phong; Huu Duy Nguyen; Mahdis Amiri; Rohit Sharma; Indra Prakash; Hiep Van Le; Hanh Bich Thi Nguyen; Binh Thai Pham (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Spatiotemporal Assessment of Water Conservation Function for Ecosystem Service Management Using a GIS-Based Data-Fusion Analysis Framework - Dexun Jiang; Yiting Guo; Jie Liu; Hao Zhu; Zhijuan Qi; Yuanlong Chen (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Expanding the Dynamic Modeling of Water-Food-Energy Nexus to Include Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects Based on Life Cycle Assessment Thinking - Inas El-Gafy; Defne Apul (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Reduction of Errors in Hydrological Drought Monitoring – A Novel Statistical Framework for Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Drought - Zulfiqar Ali; Asad Ellahi; Ijaz Hussain; Amna Nazeer; Sadia Qamar; Guangheng Ni; Muhammad Faisal (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Framework for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Context of Governance, Infrastructure, Technology and Economics - Suresh Kumar Sharma; A. Seetharaman; K. Maddulety (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Novel LSSVM Model Integrated with GBO Algorithm to Assessment of Water Quality Parameters - Mojtaba Kadkhodazadeh; Saeed Farzin (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Multi-Model Coupling Water Demand Prediction Optimization Method for Megacities Based on Time Series Decomposition - Xin Liu; Xuefeng Sang; Jiaxuan Chang; Yang Zheng (Water Resources Management, 2021)
The water supply in megacities can be affected by the living habits and population mobility, so the fluctuation degree of daily water supply data is acute, which presents a great challenge to the water demand prediction. This is because that non-stationarity of daily data can have a large influence on the generalization ability of models. In this study, the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) and wavelet transform (WT) methods were used to carry out decomposition of daily data to solve the non-stationarity problem. The bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and Gaussian radial basis function neural network (GRBFNN) were developed to carry out prediction of different subseries. The ensemble learning was introduced to improve the generalization ability of models, and prediction interval was generated based on student's t-test to cope with the variation of water supply laws. This study method was applied to the daily water demand prediction in Shenzhen and cross-validation was performed. The results show that WT is superior to HP decomposition method, but maximum decomposition level of WT should not be set too high, otherwise the trend characteristics of subseries will be weakened. Although the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused a variation in water supply laws, this variation is still within the prediction interval. The WT and coupling models accurately predict water demand and provide the optimal mean square error (0.17%), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (97.21%), mean relative error (0.1), mean absolute error (3.32%), and correlation coefficient (0.99).

Correction to: How Does the Coupling of Real‑World Policies with Optimization Models Expand the Practicality of Solutions in Reservoir Operation Problems? - Gi Joo Kim; Young‑Oh Kim (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Scenario-Based Management of Water Resources and Supply Systems Using a Combined System Dynamics and Compromise Programming Approach - Marzieh Momeni; Kourosh Behzadian; Hossein Yousefi; Sina Zahedi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Adjustable Robust Optimization for Multi-Period Water Allocation in Droughts Under Uncertainty - Yuhong Shuai; Liming Yao (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Optimal Water Allocation from Subsurface Dams: A Risk-Based Optimization Approach - Azizallah Izady; Mohammad Sadegh Khorshidi; Mohammad Reza Nikoo; Ali Al-Maktoumi; Mingjie Chen; Hilal Al-Mamari; Amir H. Gandomi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Analysis of Water Quantity and Quality Trade-Offs to Inform Selective Harvesting of Inflows in Complex Water Resource Systems - Sayani Dey; Andrew Barton; Harpreet Kandra; Adil Bagirov; Kym Wilson (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Application of HEC-HMS Model for Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in a Semi-arid City - Annah Ndeketeya; Morgan Dundu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Novel Approach Using Hybrid Fuzzy Vertex Method-MATLAB Framework Based on GMS Model for Quantifying Predictive Uncertainty Associated with Groundwater Flow and Transport Models - Mona Nemati; Mahmoud Mohammad Rezapour Tabari; Seyed Abbas Hosseini; Saman Javadi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

River Stage Forecasting using Enhanced Partial Correlation Graph - Siva R Venna; Satya Katragadda; Vijay Raghavan; Raju Gottumukkala (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Impact of Climate Change on Future Flood Susceptibility: an Evaluation Based on Deep Learning Algorithms and GCM Model - Rabin Chakrabortty; Subodh Chandra Pal; Saeid Janizadeh; M. Santosh; Paramita Roy; Indrajit Chowdhuri; Asish Saha (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Correction to: Quantifying the Uncertainty Interaction Between the Model Input and Structure on Hydrological Processes - Shuai Zhou; Yimin Wang; Ziyan Li; Jianxia Chang; Aijun Guo (Water Resources Management, 2021)

The Importance of Riparian Forest Cover to the Ecological Status of Agricultural Streams in a Nationwide Assessment - Mikko Tolkkinen; Saku Vaarala; Jukka Aroviita (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Forested riparian corridors are a key management solution for halting the global trend of declining ecological status of freshwater ecosystems. There is an increasing body of evidence related to the efficacy of these corridors at the local scale, but knowledge is inadequate concerning the effectiveness of riparian forests in terms of protecting streams from harmful impacts across larger scales. In this study, nationwide assessment results comprising more than 900 river water bodies in Finland were used to examine the importance of adjacent land use to river ecological status estimates. Random forest models and partial dependence functions were used to quantify the independent effect of adjacent land use on river ecological status after accounting for the effects of other factors. The proportion of adjacent forested land along a river had the strongest independent positive effect on ecological status for small to medium size rivers that were in agricultural landscapes. Ecological quality increased by almost one status class when the adjacent forest cover increased from 10 to 60%. In contrast, for large rivers, adjacent forested land did not show an independent positive effect on ecological status. This study has major implications for managing river basins to achieve the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) goal of obtaining good ecological status of rivers. The results from the nationwide assessment demonstrate that forested riparian zones can have an independent positive effect on the ecological status of rivers, indicating the importance of riparian forests in mitigating the impacts of catchment-level stressors. Therefore, forested buffer zones should be more strongly considered as part of river basin management.

Robust Hierarchical Sensor Optimization Placement Method for Leak Detection in Water Distribution System - Zukang Hu; Wenlong Chen; Beqing Chen; Debao Tan; Yu Zhang; Dingtao Shen (Water Resources Management, 2021)

The Impact of Climate Change on Hydro-Meteorological Droughts Using Copula Functions - Zahra Fahimirad; Nazanin Shahkarami (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Application of Parameter-Less Rao Algorithm in Optimization of Water Distribution Networks Through Pressure-Driven Analysis - Priyanshu Jain; Ruchi Khare (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Robust Diversity-based Sine-Cosine Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Multi-reservoir Systems - Iman Ahmadianfar; Saeed Noshadian; Nadir Ahmed Elagib; Meysam Salarijazi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

An Approach for Determination of the Drainage Network Effect on GIUH Using Hesitant Probabilistic Fuzzy Linguistic Sets - Hüseyin Akay; Müsteyde Baduna Koçyiğit (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Evaluating Runoff-Sediment Relationship Variations Using Generalized Additive Models That Incorporate Reservoir Indices for Check Dams - Lingqi Li; Kai Wu; Enhui Jiang; Huijuan Yin; Yuanjian Wang; Shimin Tian; Suzhen Dang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach for Environmental Impact Assessment to Reduce the Adverse Effects Of Dams - Vahideh Eslami; Parisa-Sadat Ashofteh; Parvin Golfam; Hugo A. Loáiciga (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Modelling Approach to Forecast the Effect of Climate Change on the Tagus-Segura Interbasin Water Transfer - Javier Senent-Aparicio; Adrián López-Ballesteros; Francisco Cabezas; Julio Pérez-Sánchez; Eugenio Molina-Navarro (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Reservoirs for Water Supply Under Climate Change Impact—A Review - Zekâi Şen (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Increasing Water System Robustness in the Netherlands: Potential of Cross-Sectoral Water Reuse - G. J. Pronk; S. F. Stofberg; T. C. G. W. Van Dooren; M. M. L. Dingemans; J. Frijns; N. E. Koeman-Stein; P. W. M. H. Smeets; R. P. Bartholomeus (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Water reuse has the potential to substantially reduce the demand on groundwater and surface water. This study presents a method to evaluate the potential of water reuse schemes in a regional context and demonstrates how water reuse propagates through the water system and potentially reduces pressure on groundwater resources. The use of Sankey diagram visualisation provides a valuable tool to explore and evaluate regional application of water reuse, its potential to reduce groundwater and surface water demand, and the possible synergies and trade-offs between sectors. The approach is demonstrated for the Dutch anthropogenic water system in the current situation and for a future scenario with increased water demand and reduced water availability due to climate change. Four types of water reuse are evaluated by theoretically upscaling local or regional water reuse schemes based on local reuse examples currently in operation in the Netherlands or Flanders: municipal and industrial wastewater effluent reuse for irrigation, effluent reuse for industrial applications, and reuse for groundwater replenishment. In all cases, water reuse has the potential to significantly reduce groundwater extraction volume, and thus to alleviate the pressure on the groundwater system. The water-quantity based analysis is placed in the context of water quality demands, health and safety aspects, technological requirements, regulations, public perception, and its net impact on the environment. This integrative context is essential for a successful implementation of water reuse in practice.

Analytical Water Shortage Probabilities and Distributions of Various Lead Times for a Water Supply Reservoir - Jenq-Tzong Shiau (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Development of Bio-Inspired- and Wavelet-Based Hybrid Models for Reconnaissance Drought Index Modeling - Farshad Ahmadi; Saeid Mehdizadeh; Babak Mohammadi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Converting Daily Rainfall Data to Sub-daily—Introducing the MIMD Method - Majid Galoie; Fouad Kilanehei; Artemis Motamedi; Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Performance Comparison of an LSTM-based Deep Learning Model versus Conventional Machine Learning Algorithms for Streamflow Forecasting - Maryam Rahimzad; Alireza Moghaddam Nia; Hosam Zolfonoon; Jaber Soltani; Ali Danandeh Mehr; Hyun-Han Kwon (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Public–Private Partnerships in the Water Sector: The Case of Desalination - Robert A. Greer; Kyungsun Lee; Amanda Fencl; Gretchen Sneegas (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessing Adaptability of Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Approach to Conjunctive use of Groundwater and Surface water for Sustainable Management Plans under Climate Change - Abbas Afshar; Mina Khosravi; Amir Molajou (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Low Impact Development Measures Spatial Arrangement for Urban Flood Mitigation: An Exploratory Optimal Framework based on Source Tracking - Wenchao Qi; Chao Ma; Hongshi Xu; Zifan Chen; Kai Zhao; Hao Han (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Comparative MCDM Analysis for AMD Treatment Method Selection - Zoran Štirbanović; Vojka Gardić; Dragiša Stanujkić; Radmila Marković; Jovica Sokolović; Zoran Stevanović (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Simulating Future Groundwater Recharge in Coastal and Inland Catchments - Gianluigi Busico; Maria Margarita Ntona; Sílvia C. P. Carvalho; Olga Patrikaki; Konstantinos Voudouris; Nerantzis Kazakis (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Short-Term Hydro Generation Scheduling of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station Using Improver Binary-coded Whale Optimization Algorithm - Kun Yang; Kan Yang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Probabilistic Multiperiod Simulation–Optimization Approach for Dynamic Coastal Aquifer Management - Ali Al-Maktoumi; Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi; Slim Zekri; Chefi Triki (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Participatory Water-Food-Energy Nexus Approach for Evaluation and Design of Groundwater Governance - Samaneh Ghafoori-Kharanagh; Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib; Saman Javadi; Timothy O. Randhir (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Using the Fuzzy Clustering and Principle Component Analysis for Assessing the Impact of Potential Evapotranspiration Calculation Method On the Modified RDI Index - Abdol Rassoul Zarei; Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi; Ali Shabani (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Pipe Break Rate Assessment While Considering Physical and Operational Factors: A Methodology based on Global Positioning System and Data-Driven Techniques - Yaser Amiri-Ardakani; Mohammad Najafzadeh (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Novel Stochastic Approach for Optimization of Diversion System Dimension by Considering Hydrological and Hydraulic Uncertainties - Ahmad Sharafati; Siyamak Doroudi; Shamsuddin Shahid; Ali Moridi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Deterministic and Stochastic Principles to Convert Discrete Water Quality Data into Continuous Time Series - Danieli Mara Ferreira; Marcelo Coelho; Cristovao Vicente Scapulatempo Fernandes; Eloy Kaviski; Daniel Henrique Marco Detzel (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Impacts of Ignored Evaporation and Sedimentation Fluxes at Planning on Reservoir Performance in Operation - Murat Pinarlik; Adebayo J. Adeloye; Zeliha Selek (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Hydraulic Performance of PK Weirs Based on Experimental Study and Kernel-based Modeling - Kiyoumars Roushangar; Mahdi Majedi Asl; Saman Shahnazi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Sensitivity Assessment to the Occurrence of Different Types of Droughts Using GIS and AHP Techniques - Abdol Rassoul Zarei; Mohammad Mehdi Moghimi; Elham Koohi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Quantifying the Uncertainty Interaction Between the Model Input and Structure on Hydrological Processes - Shuai Zhou; Yimin Wang; Ziyan Li; Jianxia Chang; Aijun Guo (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Semiquantitative Risk Assessment Method for Groundwater Source Protection Using a Process-based Interdisciplinary Approach - Robert Duda; Robert Zdechlik; Jarosław Kania (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Potable groundwater resources are at risk as a result of industrial development and an increase in fertilizer use. Protection of the groundwater supply may require the establishment of groundwater source protection zones (GSPZs) to allow the implementation of protective measures. The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to groundwater source risk assessment (GSRA). The risk was defined as the highest of the risks identified for individual potential sources of contamination (PSCs). The risk resulting from a given PSC is the combination of its adverse impact on groundwater, unwanted event probability, and adverse effect and annoyance to the population. A multicriteria assessment method was designed to estimate indices of the potential groundwater impact of industrial facilities and noninert waste landfills with the range and weight method. Application of the proposed approach was tested considering an idealized model and three scenarios involving various industrial PSCs and fertilization practices. The overall nitrogen load was compared to the maximum effective nitrogen load for the crops in question. Sensitivity analysis of this methodology revealed that the main factors influencing the risk to the water supply include the nonreactive contaminant mass load in PSC leachate and the ratio of the groundwater volume abstracted from wells to the amount of water flowing from PSCs into wells, which determines the dilution degree of the contaminant mass. This proposed interdisciplinary approach to GSRA provides a robust basis to reach decisions on GSPZ establishment and the development of a groundwater risk analysis methodology.

Identification of Critical Watershed for Soil Conservation Using Game Theory-Based Approaches - Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram; Maryam Adhami; Ozgur Kisi; Chandrashekhar Meshram; Pham Anh Duc; Khaled Mohamed Khedher (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Time-varying Decision-making Method for Multi-objective Regulation of Water Resources - Zengchuan Dong; Xiaokuan Ni; Mufeng Chen; Hongyi Yao; Wenhao Jia; Jiaxing Zhong; Li Ren (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Methodology for Optimizing Water Use in Shared Management Schemes Under Conflict Conditions - Maria Camila Alves Ramos; Fernando Falco Pruski; Tarcila Neves Generoso; Eber José de Andrade Pinto (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Human-Water Dynamics and their Role for Seasonal Water Scarcity – a Case Study - Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist; Rickard Fornell; Thomas Prade; Linda Tufvesson; Sammar Khalil; Birgit Kopainsky (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Ensuring sustainable management and an adequate supply of freshwater resources is a growing challenge around the world. Even in historically water abundant regions climate change together with population growth and economic development are processes that are expected to contribute to an increase in permanent and seasonal water scarcity in the coming decades. Previous studies have shown how policies to address water scarcity often fail to deliver lasting improvements because they do not account for how these processes influence, and are influenced by, human-water interactions shaping water supply and demand. Despite significant progress in recent years, place-specific understanding of the mechanisms behind human-water feedbacks remain limited, particularly in historically water abundant regions. To this end, we here present a Swedish case study where we, by use of a qualitative system dynamics approach, explore how human-water interactions have contributed to seasonal water scarcity at the local-to-regional scale. Our results suggest that the current approach to address water scarcity by inter-basin water transports contributes to increasing demand by creating a gap between the perceived and actual state of water resources among consumers. This has resulted in escalating water use and put the region in a state of systemic lock-in where demand-regulating policies are mitigated by increases in water use enabled by water transports. We discuss a combination of information and economic policy instruments to combat water scarcity, and we propose the use of quantitative simulation methods to further assess these strategies in future studies.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Recommendations for modifying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Drought Monitoring in Arid and Semi-arid Regions - Peyman Mahmoudi; Alireza Ghaemi; Allahbakhsh Rigi; Seyed Mahdi Amir Jahanshahi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Planning and Suitability Assessment of Large-scale Nature-based Solutions for Flood-risk Reduction - Adam Mubeen; Laddaporn Ruangpan; Zoran Vojinovic; Arlex Sanchez Torrez; Jasna Plavšić (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Adverse effects of climate change are increasing around the world and the floods are posing significant challenges for water managers. With climate projections showing increased risks of storms and extreme precipitation, the use of traditional measures alone is no longer an option. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) offer a suitable alternative to reduce the risk of flooding and provide multiple benefits. However, planning such interventions requires careful consideration of various factors and local contexts. The present paper provides contribution in this direction and it proposes a methodology for allocation of large-scale NBS using suitability mapping. The methodology was implemented within the toolboxes of ESRI ArcMap software in order to map suitability for four types of NBS interventions: floodplain restoration, detention basins, retention ponds, and river widening. The toolboxes developed were applied to the case study area in Serbia, i.e., the Tamnava River basin. Flood maps were used to determine the volume of floodwater that needs to be stored for reducing flood risk in the basin and subsequent downstream areas. The suitability maps produced indicate the potential of the new methodology and its application as a decision-support tool for selection and allocation of large-scale NBS.

Modelling Shallow Groundwater Evaporation Rates from a Large Tank Experiment - Nicolò Colombani; Davide Fronzi; Stefano Palpacelli; Mattia Gaiolini; Maria Pia Gervasio; Mirco Marcellini; Micol Mastrocicco; Alberto Tazioli (Water Resources Management, 2021)
A large tank (1.4 m x 4.0 m x 1.3 m) filled with medium-coarse sand was employed to measure evaporation rates from shallow groundwater at controlled laboratory conditions, to determine drivers and mechanisms. To monitor the groundwater level drawdown 12 piezometers were installed in a semi regular grid and equipped with high precision water level, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC) probes. In each piezometer, 6 micro sampling ports were installed every 10 cm to capture vertical salinity gradients. Moreover, the soil water content, temperature and EC were measured in the unsaturated zone using TDR probes placed at 5, 20 and 40 cm depth. The monitoring started in February 2020 and lasted for 4 months until the groundwater drawdown became residual. To model the groundwater heads, temperature, and salinity variations SEAWAT 4.0 was employed. The calibrated model was then used to obtain the unknown parameters, such as: maximum evaporation rates (1.5-4.4 mm/d), extinction depth (0.90 m), mineral dissolution (5.0e -9 g/d) and evaporation concentration (0.35 g/L). Despite the drawdown was uniformly distributed, the increase of groundwater salinity was rather uneven, while the temperature increase mimicked the atmospheric temperature increase. The initial groundwater salinity and the small changes in the evaporation rate controlled the evapoconcentration process in groundwater, while the effective porosity was the most sensitive parameter. This study demonstrates that shallow groundwater evaporation from sandy soils can produce homogeneous water table drawdown but appreciable differences in the distribution of groundwater salinity.

Modeling Long-term Groundwater Levels By Exploring Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory using Hydro-climatic Data - Sangita Dey; Arabin Kumar Dey; Rajesh Kumar Mall (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Variational Mode Decomposition Hybridized With Gradient Boost Regression for Seasonal Forecast of Residential Water Demand - Taís Maria Nunes Carvalho; Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Strengthening Drought Monitoring Module by Ensembling Auxiliary Information Based Varying Estimators - Farman Ali; Bing-Zhao Li; Zulfiqar Ali (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Resolving Transboundary Water Conflicts: Dynamic Evolutionary Analysis Using an Improved GMCR Model - Mengjie Yang; Kai Yang; Yue Che; Shiqiang Lu; Fengyun Sun; Ying Chen; Mengting Li (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Research on the Critical Rainfall of Flash Floods in Small Watersheds Based on the Design of Characteristic Rainfall Patterns - Wenlin Yuan; Xinyu Tu; Chengguo Su; Meiqi Liu; Denghua Yan; Zening Wu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

DEM Uncertainty Based Coastal Flood Inundation Modeling Considering Water Quality Impacts - M. Karamouz; F. Fooladi Mahani (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Changes to The Productivity of Water Companies: Comparison of Fully Private and Concessionary Water Companies - Alexandros Maziotis; Ramon Sala-Garrido; Manuel Mocholi-Arce; Maria Molinos-Senante (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Rigid Versus Variable Energy Sources in Water-Pressurized Systems: An Economic and Environmental Analysis - Elena Gómez Sellés; Andrei Briones-Hidrovo; Roberto del Teso March; Francisco Javier Uche Marcuello; Enrique Cabrera Marcet (Water Resources Management, 2021)
The layouts of most urban water systems are known. A head tank with an appropriate elevation is used to supply water through the network at a pressure equal (or higher) to that set by the relevant standards. Furthermore, equalization, fire and emergency storage are important benefits of tank use, as is the possibility of avoiding peak rate electricity fares. However, at the end of the last century, some tanks were reported to have a negative impact the quality of water, and recommendations were made to limit their volume and revise their geometry. Recently, alternative options have been considered. Equalization can be achieved with pumps with variable-frequency drivers, emergency situations can be avoided with electric oil generators and solar plants can be used to offset other generation types and reduce energy costs. Therefore, this article analyses the performance of tanks as an energy source, and tank and pump supply methods are directly compared; overall, direct supply through pumps is cheaper, more energy efficient and more environmentally convenient. Therefore, in the context of climate change, it seems reasonable to avoid water tanks as energy sources.

Optimal Model of Desalination Planning Under Uncertainties in a Water Supply System - Zongzhi Wang; Ailing Ye; Kelin Liu; Liting Tan (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Uncertainty Analysis of Reservoir Operation Based on Stochastic Optimization Approach Using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation Method - Macdonald Tatenda Muronda; Safar Marofi; Hamed Nozari; Omid Babamiri (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Risks Ranking in a Desalination Plant Construction Project with a Hybrid AHP, Risk Matrix, and Simulation-Based Approach - Georgios K. Koulinas; Alexandros S. Xanthopoulos; Konstantinos A. Sidas; Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Development of Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Model for Agricultural Water Supply and Distribution Systems Using Bayesian Network - Atiyeh Bozorgi; Abbas Roozbahani; Seied Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany; Rouzbeh Abbassi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

How Does the Coupling of Real-World Policies with Optimization Models Expand the Practicality of Solutions in Reservoir Operation Problems? - Gi Joo Kim; Young-Oh Kim (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Runoff Prediction Using a Novel Hybrid ANFIS Model Based on Variable Screening - Zhennan Liu; Qiongfang Li; Jingnan Zhou; Weiguo Jiao; Xiaoyu Wang (Water Resources Management, 2021)

The Rational Use of Water Resources in the Strategy of Industry 4.0 - Natalia A. Kosolapova; Ludmila G. Matveeva; Anastasia Y. Nikitaeva; Lesego Molapisi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Oceanic-Atmospheric Variability Influences on Baseflows in the Continental United States - Hao Chen; Ramesh S. V. Teegavarapu; Yue-Ping Xu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Fuzzy Representation of Environmental Flow in Multi-Objective Risk Analysis of Reservoir Operation - Jiqing Li; Jing Huang; Pengteng Liang; Jay R. Lund (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Development of a Combined Index to Evaluate Sustainability of Water Resources Systems - Mehri Abdi-Dehkordi; Omid Bozorg-Haddad; Xuefeng Chu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Individual Influence of Climate Variability Indices on Annual Maximum Precipitation Across the Global Scale - Lazhar Belkhiri; Tae-Jeong Kim (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Cloud-Based Multidimensional Parallel Dynamic Programming Algorithm for a Cascade Hydropower System - Yufei Ma; Ping-an Zhong; Bin Xu; Feilin Zhu; Jieyu Li; Han Wang; Qingwen Lu (Water Resources Management, 2021)

An Ensemble Modeling Approach to Forecast Daily Reservoir Inflow Using Bidirectional Long- and Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), and Energy Entropy Method - Fugang LI; Guangwen MA; Shijun CHEN; Weibin HUANG (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Catchment Storage and its Influence on Summer Low Flows in Central European Mountainous Catchments - Václav Šípek; Michal Jenicek; Jan Hnilica; Nikol Zelíková (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Dealing with Data Missing and Outlier to Calibrate Nodal Water Demands in Water Distribution Systems - Shipeng Chu; Tuqiao Zhang; Chengna Xu; Tingchao Yu; Yu Shao (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessing Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities Using Long-term Data Analysis - Ana Paula Pereira da Silveira; Herlander Mata-Lima (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Economic Analysis of Recreation Access at a Lake Facing Water Crisis due to Municipal Water Demand - Zachary Darby; Neelam Chandra Poudyal; Adam Frakes; Omkar Joshi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

A Rigorous Wavelet-Packet Transform to Retrieve Snow Depth from SSMIS Data and Evaluation of its Reliability by Uncertainty Parameters - Arash Adib; Arash Zaerpour; Ozgur Kisi; Morteza Lotfirad (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Modeling the Effectiveness of Rain Barrels, Cisterns, and Downspout Disconnections for Reducing Combined Sewer Overflows in a City-Scale Watershed - Seyed Hamed Ghodsi; Zhenduo Zhu; Hazem Gheith; Alan J. Rabideau; María Nariné Torres; Kevin Meindl (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Assessment and Prediction of Groundwater using Geospatial and ANN Modeling - Ankita P. Dadhich; Rohit Goyal; Pran N. Dadhich (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Quantifying Surface Water and Ground Water Interactions using a Coupled SWAT_FEM Model: Implications of Management Practices on Hydrological Processes in Irrigated River Basins - Pooja P. Preetha; Naveen Joseph; Balaji Narasimhan (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Water Consumption Variability Based on Cumulative Data From Non-simultaneous and Long-term Measurements - Jacek Wawrzosek; Syzmon Ignaciuk; Justyna Stańczyk; Joanna Kajewska-Szkudlarek (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Devices for water consumption measurement provide data from periodical readings in a non-simultaneous and cumulative manner. This may result in inaccuracies within the process of inference about the short-term habitual patterns of water supply network users. Maintaining systems at the interface between periodic and continuous processes requires the continuous improvement of research methodology. To obtain reliable results regarding the variability of water consumption, the first step should be to estimate it for each observation day by periodic averaging and a possible water balancing approach, but the analysis of the value of estimators obtained in this way usually does not allow for studying autocorrelation. However, other methods indicate the existence of multiplicative parameters characterizing short- and long-term variations in water demand. The purpose of this study is to create a new and deterministic method for tackling the problem associated with a lack of short-term detailed data with fuzzy time series using a multiplicative model for water consumption. Satisfactory results have been obtained, demonstrating that the dispersed data, received in a cumulative manner for random periods of measurement, can be analyzed by the methodology of proposed statistical inference. The observed variability in water consumption may be used in the planning and modernization of water supply systems, development of water demand patterns, hydraulic models, and in the creation of forecasting models of water consumption.

Comparison of Representative Heuristic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimal Operation - Wenzhuo Wang; Benyou Jia; Slobodan P. Simonovic; Shiqiang Wu; Ziwu Fan; Li Ren (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Improving Operation of Pressurized Irrigation Systems by an Off-grid Control Devices Network - Giacomo Ferrarese; Alessandro Pagano; Umberto Fratino; Stefano Malavasi (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Correction to: Optimal Design and Feature Selection by Genetic Algorithm for Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) in Rainfall-Runoff Modeling - Amir Molajou; Vahid Nourani; Abbas Afshar; Mina Khosravi; Adam Brysiewicz (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Effects of the Deep Pool on Groundwater Flow and Salinization in Coastal Reservoir and Adjacent Aquifer - Yuming Mo; Guangqiu Jin; Chenming Zhang; Jing Xu; Hongwu Tang; Chengji Shen; Alexander Scheuermann; Ling Li (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes - Omid Seyedashraf; Andrea Bottacin-Busolin; Julien J. Harou (Water Resources Management, 2021)
Sustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non-uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure.

Optimizing the Runoff Estimation with HEC-HMS Model Using Spatial Evapotranspiration by the SEBS Model - Maryam Zare; Mojtaba Pakparvar; Sajad Jamshidi; Omolbanin Bazrafshan; Gholamreza Ghahari (Water Resources Management, 2021)

Multi-Objective Optimization of Integrated Surface and Groundwater Resources Under the Clean Development Mechanism - Hamidreza Majedi; Hossein Fathian; Alireza Nikbakht-Shahbazi; Narges Zohrabi; Fatemeh Hassani (Water Resources Management, 2021)